I U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Oveta Culp Hobby, Secretary Office of Education Samuel Miller Brownell, Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1948-50 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF EDUCATION mar i o mu , j U S. DEPT. Of EDUCATION NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSN. library Uiiu 1 3 i960 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1954 OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department , July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 Federal Security Agency renamed U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, April 11, 1953 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL. D. March 14, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL. D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L. H. D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL. D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL. D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL. D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M. A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL. D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL. D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL. D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 1934 John W. Studebaker, LL. D. October 28, 1934, to July 15, 1948 Earl James McGrath, Ph. D., Lit. D., LL. D. March 18, 1949, to April 22, 1953 Lee M. Thurston, Ph. D. July 2, 1953, to September 4, 1953 Samuel Miller Brownell, Ph. D. November 16, 1953 CONTENTS Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50. 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50. 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50. 4. Section I : Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50. Section II : Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1949-50. 5. Offerings and Enrollments in High School Subjects, 1948-49. ' INDEX A Academic training, military personnel at ci¬ vilian institutions, Federal funds, 1 : 13. Addition to buildings, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84—85. Administrative and instructional staff : City school systems, number, 3 : 6-7 ; State school systems, salaries, 2 : 78—79. Administrative expenditures : City school systems, 3 : 16, 22, 24-35 ; higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 28, 30-31, 37, 52-57 ; pub¬ lic-school systems, 1 : 33 ; State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 61-67, 78-79, 106. Administrative staffs ; intermediate and ul¬ timate or basic administrative units, 2 : 30-31 ; public-school systems, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 2-3. Administrative units ; number and type, 1 : 2-5. Administrators, higher institutions, number, by sex, 4:1: 50-55. Adult, Americanization, continuation classes, expenditures, 1 : 33. Adult and continuation schools, city school systems : Current expenditures, 3 : 13-14 ; enrollment and staff, 3 : 8-9. Adult education classes : City school sys¬ tems, personnel and attendance, 3 : 21 ; State school systems, 2 : 50-51. Aggregate number of days attended, public- school systems, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 54^55, 104. Agricultural experiment stations, Federal funds, 1 : 12. Agricultural programs, federally aided, en¬ rollment, 1 : 30. Agriculture : Higher institutitons, enroll¬ ment, 4:1: 26, 62-63 ; secondary schools, enrollment, 5 : 24, 39, 78-79, 105, 108, 117. Alaska, University of : Enrollment and de¬ grees, 1 : 45-46. Algebra enrollment ; secondary schools, 5 : 15, 55, 57, 103, 107. All-day vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 30. American Printing House for the Blind, Federal funds, 1 : 12. Americanization, night, and continuation schools, city school systems, personnel and attendance, 3 : 21. Analysis of major field of study, higher in¬ stitutions, 4:1: 36-38. Annual expenditures : Negro public schools, 2 : 107 ; per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance, 1 : 28—29 : public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 9-10. Annuity funds, higher institutions, 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 37, 48-50. Appropriation and taxation, income, by State, 2: 70-71. Architecture, higher institutions, enrollment, 4 : I : 26, 62-63. Arithmetic, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 15, 55. Art, secondary schools : Classification, 5 : 117 ; enrollment, 5 : 25-26, 40-41, 82-84, 106, 108. Arts and sciences, enrollment, 4:1: 25-26, 62-65. Astronomy, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14. Attendance : Full-time day schools, city school systems, 3 : 3-6, 19-21, 24-85 ; public and nonpublic schools, noninstitu- tional population, 2 : 16 ; public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools, 1 : 26-27 ; 2 : 12 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 49 ; 2 : 105. See also Average daily attendance ; School attendance. Auxiliary community services, public-school systems, expenditures, 1 : 33. Auxiliary enterprises, higher institutions, expenditures, 4 : II : 30-32, 37, 52-57 ; income, 4 : II : 23, 36, 38-43. Auxiliary services : City school systems, expenditures, 3 : 16, 22 ; public-school systems, expenditures, 1 : 33 ; 2 : 106 ; State school systems, current expendi¬ tures 4 : 80-81. Average annual salary, instructional staff, 1 : 28-29, 49 ; 2 : 105 ; State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 4-5, 14. Average daily attendance : Elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 16-17, 47 ; 2 : 6-7, 15, 18, 54, 57 ; 3 : 19-21 ; full-time public day schools, 3 : 24—85 ; Negro public day schools, 2 : 104 ; public-school systems, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 28-29, 98. Average expenditures, white and Negro schools, comparative data, 1 : 49. Average length of school term, public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 1 : 17, 22— 27, 47, 58-59, 104 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 49. Average membership, full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, 2 : 54-55. Average number of days attended : Full¬ time elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 17 ; Negro public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 47 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 49. 285743—54 1 INDEX 2 Average salary per instructional staff, Negro public schools, 1 : 47 ; 2 : 98 Average value of public-school property, State school systems, 2 : 90-91. B Bachelor’s degrees : Higher institutions for Negroes, 1 : 50 ; historical summary, 1 : 35 ; 4 : 1 : 40 ; 4 : II : 35 ; historical trends and 1949-50 status, 4:1: 32-36. Bachelor’s or first professional degree, num¬ ber, 1 : 37, 39-40 ; 4 : 1 : 37-38, 43-49. Badger, Henry G., and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50, 4:1: 1-65 ; Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expendi¬ tures, and Property, 4 : II : 1-61. Balance on hand, State school systems, school year, 1948-49, 2 : 68-69. Balances, city school systems, 3 : 23. Basic administrative units, State school systems, 2 : 2-3, 32-33. Bible study ; enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 44. Biology, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 13, 14, 51-54, 102, 107. Blose, David T., and others: Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50, 2 : 1-115. Boards of education : Intermediate and ulti¬ mate or basic administrative units, 2 : 30- 31 ; State school systems, salaries, 2 : 78- 79. Bonded indebtedness : City School systems, 3 : 17 ; State school systems, 2 : 94-95. Bonds and sinking funds, city school systems, 3: 23. Book value of physical plant, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 59-61. Bookkeeping, public secondary schools, en¬ rollment, 5 : 104, 108. Botany, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14, 51, 102, 107. Building sites. State school systems, outlays, 2: 86-87, 107. Buildings : Negro public schools, cost, 2 : 108 ; State school systems, expenditures, 2 ; 84-85, 90-91. Business arithmetic, enrollment, public sec¬ ondary day schools, 5 : 108. Business education, secondary schools ; Clas¬ sification, 5 : 115—116 ; enrollment, 5 : 21— 22, 37-38, 69-73, 98-99, 104. Business English, enrollment, public second¬ ary day schools, 5 : 108. Business law, enrollment, public secondary day schools, 5 : 108. Business training, enrollment, public second¬ ary day schools, 5 : 108. Busses, State school systems, expenditures, 2: 84-85. C Cafeteria and luncheon employees, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39. Canal Zone, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13. Canal Zone Junior College, enrollment and degrees, 1 : 45-46. Capital outlay, annual expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance, 1 : 28—29 ; 2 : 88-89 ; city school systems, 3 : 15, 16, 23 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 107 ; pub¬ lic-school systems, 1 : 34 ; 2 : 10 ; State school systems, 2 : 84—85, 94—95. Carpenters, painters, etc., public schools, 2 : 38-39. Carr, Margaret J. S. and others : Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50, 4:1: 1-65. Catholic elementary and secondary schools, number of teachers and enrollment, 2 : 314-115. Changing pattern, higher educational organ¬ ization, 4:1: 7-8. Chemistry, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 13, 14, 15, 53, 102, 107. Chief State school officers, number, 2 : 34- 35. Churches, receipts, higher education, 4 : II : 36, 45-47. Circulation of books, public schools, 1 : 14. City school systems : Expenditures per pupil, 1 : 31 ; statistics, 1 : 31 ; 3 : 1-85. City universities, colleges, and normal schools, city school systems, personnel and attendance, 3 : 20. Civics, community, secondary school enroll¬ ment, 5 : 9. Civil government, enrollment, public second¬ ary day schools, 5 : 107. Civilian population, enrollment, day schools and colleges, 1 : 8. Classification : City school systems, 3 : 1-2 ; high-school subjects, 5 : 109-118. Clerical staff : City school systems, number, 3 : 19 ; wages, 3 : 24-85 ; public-school sys¬ tems, number, 1 : 32 ; State offices of educa¬ tion, number, 2 : 34—37, 99 ; State school systems, salaries, 2 : 78—79. Coast Guard personnel, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13. College and graduate training, Naval Re¬ search personnel, Federal funds, 1 : 13. College graduation and population, 4 : 38-39. Colleges : Enrollment, 1 : 32 ; number of in¬ structors, 1 : 32. Collegiate instructors, including critic teachers, higher institutions, number by sex, 4:1: 50-55. Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Federal funds, 1 : 12. Commerce : Graduate and undergraduate en¬ rollment, by sex, 4:1: 62-63 ; higher in¬ stitutions, enrollment of special students, 4 : I :26. Community Civics : Enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 9, 47. Community services, Negro public schools, current expenditures, 2 : 106. Comparative data on attendance and average expenditures, white and Negro schools, 1 : 49. INDEX 3 Comparative summary, general statistical data, public-school systems, 1 : 32. Conservation : Enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 13, 54, 103. Consolidation and transportation, elementary and secondary school pupils, 1 : 20. Consumer economics, enrollment, public sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 105. Consumer education, enrollment, public sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 50, 101, 107. Continuation schools, city school systems, expenditures, 3 : 13-14. Coop store and office training, enrollment, public secondary schools, 5 : 105. Cooperative agricultural extension work, Federal funds, 1 : 12. Cooperative training, enrollment, public sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 108. Core curriculum, enrollment, junior high schools, 5 : 10—12. Correspondence and extension services, higher institutions, enrollment, 1 : 30-31, 42 ; 4 : I : 29 Cost of school property ; Public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 28—29 ; State school systems, 2 : 90-91, 108 County normal schools, enrollment, 4 : I : 7-9 County or district governments, Plant fund receipts, higher institutions, 4 : II : 45—47 County sources, revenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 76-77 County taxing unit, State school systems, re¬ ceipts, 2 : 72-75 Creative writing, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 44, 100 Current expenditures : City school systems, 3 : 11—14, 16, 24-85 ; higher institutions, 1 : 43, 51 ; 4 : II : 7, 23-32, 52-57 ; public- school systems, 1 : 28-29, 33, 34, 49 ; State school systems, 2 : 9-10, 23, 66-67, 78-87, 105, 106 Current income, higher institutions, 1 : 43, 51 ; 4 : II : 8, 10-19, 38-43 Custodial employees in public schools, num¬ ber, 2: 38-39 D Daily expenditures, public schools, 2 : 88- 89, 107 Day schools, full-time, current expenditures, 2: 82-83 Day-unit vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 30 Debate, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 43, 100 Debt funds, State school systems, 2 : 92-93 Debt retirement, State school systems, 2 : 86, 107 Debt services ; city school systems, 3 : 15- 16, 23 ; public school systems, 1 : 34 Decrease in number of 1-teacher public schools, 1 : 24 Degrees : Engineering, number conferred, 1 : 36 ; historical summary, 1 : 35 ; 4 : I : 40 ; 4 : II : 35 ; number conferred, 1 : 23, 36, 37, 39, 50 4 : 1:10, 32-39, 43-49 Democracy, problems, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 49, 101, 107 Dental hygienists, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Dentistry, enrollment, higher institutions- 4:1: 25-26, 62-63 Dentists, number, public schools, 2 : 38—39 Departmenit of Agriculture, Federal funds- for education, 1 : 12 Department of Commerce, Maritime Commis¬ sion, Federal funds for education, 1 : 1& Department of Defense, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13 Department of Interior, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13 Department of the Treasury, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13 Distribution of expenditures among basic accounts, city school systems, 3 : 15-16 Distributive occupations program, federally- aided, enrollment, 1 : 30 District of Columbia, Federal funds for edu¬ cation, 1 : 13 Doctor’s degrees ; Historical summary, 4:1: 32-36, 40 ; 1 : 35 ; 4 : II : 35, number, 1 : 37, 39-40 ; 4 : 1 : 37-38, 43-49 Dramatic art, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 43 E Earned degrees : Historical trends, 4 : I : 32-36 ; number conferred, 1 : 39, 50 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 32-39, 43 Earth sciences, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14-15, 52, 102, 107 Economic geography, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 105, 108 Economics, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 50, 101, 107 Education, enrollment, higher institutions, 4:1: 26, 62-63 Education and training of veterans : Expen¬ ditures, 1 : 45 ; Federal funds, 1 : 12 Education in broad range, 1 : 1-14 Educational and general fund income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 8-23 Educational foundations, subsidies, State school systems, 2 : 72-75 Educational units, number and type, 1 : 1-2 Electricity, fundamentals, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 54 Elementary and secondary education : Source of income, 1 : 10—11 ; statistical summary, 1 : 15-31 Elementary and secondary schools (public) : Administrative organization, 2 : 2-3 ; average daily attendance, 2 : 56-57 ; cost of physical property and value of school funds and school lands, 1 : 25 ; enrollment, 2 : 42-45, 52-53 ; expenditures, 2 : 23, 27, financial data, 1 : 20-21, 28-29, 2 : 8-11 ; instructional staff, 2 : 3-5 ; Negroes, 1 : 46-48 ; 2 : 11-13 ; per capita cost, 2 : 88- 89; percent of men teachers, 2: 40-41, 100 ; retirement fund, 2 : 26, 96-97, school debt and interest payments per pupil, 2 : 25 4 INDEX Elementary schools : Enrollment, 1 : 19, 32 ; 2 : 5-6 ; expenditures, 1 : 11 ; number, 2 : 60-61 ; teachers, number, 1 : 9, 32 ; ulti¬ mate and basic administrative units, 2 : 32-33 Elementary schools (full-time) : Average daily attendance, 2 : 54-55 ; average length of term and school attendance, 2 : 58-59 ; enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 18 ; 2 : 15, 47- 49 ; instructional staff and clerical assist¬ ants, number, 2 : 36-37 ; personnel and attendance, 3 : 10-20 Elementary schools (Negro) : Enrollment, 2 : 98, 101-103 ; instructional staff, 1 : 47- 48 ; 2 : 99 ; number, 2 : 108 ; school at¬ tendance, 2 : 104 Elementary schools (nonpublic) : Number, 1 : 4-5 : teachers and enrollment, 2 : 27, 109-115 Elementary schools (public) : Number, 1 : 4-5 ; statistical summary, 2 : 28-29 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, higher institutions, 4 : II : 34, 37, 59-61 ; historical summary, 4 : 1 : 40 ; 4 : II : 35 Endowment earnings, higher institutions, 4 : II: 13-17, 20, 36, 38-43 Endowment funds, higher institutions. 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 37, 48-50 Engineering : Enrollment, 4:1: 26, 64-65 ; enrollment and degrees, 1 : 36, 41 English, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 6-7, 11-12, 30-31, 42-43, 86-87, 100, 107, 109-110 English history, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 107 Enrollment : Adult education classes, State school systems, 2 : 50-51 ; arts and sci¬ ences and in professional schools, 4:1: 62 ; Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 114-115 ; city school systems, 3 : 19-21 ; city universities, colleges, and normal schools, 3 : 20 ; core curriculum, by subject field, 5 : 12 ; elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 15 ; federally aided vocational classes, by type of program, 1 : 30 ; full-time day schools, 1 : 6-7, 18 ; 2 : 15, 42-49, 52-53; 3: 2, 4, 19, 24-85; high-school subjects, 5 : 1-118 ; higher in¬ stitutions, 1 : 36-38 ; 4 : 1 : 6-22, 30-31, 56-61 ; 4 : II : 35 ; junior colleges, 1 : 42 ; 4 : 1 : 7 ; Negro public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 47-48 ; nonpublic schools, 2 : 27, 111 ; 1-teacher, 2-teacher, and 3-teacher schools, 2 : 20-61, 103 ; part-time and summer schools, 3 : 8-9 ; per instructional staff, white and Negro schools, 1 : 49 ; public and nonpublic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 1 : 19-20 ; public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 16-17, 26-27 ; 2 : 5-6 ; public schools for Negroes, 2 : 12, 98, 103 ; public-school systems, 1 : 32 ; 2: 28, 101 ; public high schools, 1 : 22-23 ; 2 : 16 ; 5 : 29-30, 100- 105 ; secondary schools, 5 : 30-85 ; resi¬ dent college, historical summary, 1 : 35 ; school, all types, 1:3; special students, higher institutions, 4:1: 25-26 ; summer schools, 1 : 38 ; 2 : 50-51 ; veterans of World War II, higher institutions, 4:1: 26-29 ; white and Negro, public schools, 2: 105 Equipment : Furniture, libraries, apparatus, etc., public-schools, 2 : 90-91 ; Negro pub¬ lic schools, expenditures, 2 : 107, 108 ; State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84r- 85 Evaluation of foreign student transcripts by Office of Education, 1 : 52 Evening vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 30 Exceptional children, special classes, high- school enrollment, 5 : 26 Expenditures : Administrative, 2 : 66-67 ; adult education, 2 : 50-51 ; for capital out¬ lay, 2 : 84-85 ; city school systems, 1 : 31, 34 ; 3 : 15-16, 23 ; educational, by level and control, 1 : 11 ; full-time day schools, 2 : 86-87 ; higher institutions, 1 : 43-44 ; 4: II: 7, 25-33, 35-37, 58 Negro public schools, 2 : 27, 106-107 ; per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance, 1 : 28-29 ; 3 : 4-5 ; plant expansion, higher institutions, 1 : 51 : 4 : II : 37, 52—57 ; public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 16-17, 20-21 ; 2 : 9-10, 28-29, 88-89 ; public libraries, 1 : 14 ; public-school systems, 1 : 33-34 ; 2 : 105 ; 3 : 22-23 ; pupil transportation, 1 : 24, 28-29 ; 2 : 10, 24, 62-63 ; State school systems, 1 : 25 ; 2 : 22, 78—81 ; summer schools, 2 : 50-51 ; vocational edu¬ cation, 1 : 30 Extension and correspondence work, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 38 Extension classes, higher institutions, en¬ rollment. 4 : 1 : 29 ; expenditures, 4 : II : 29-31, 37, 52-57 Faculty, higher institutions, number, 1 : 37, 50; 4 : I : 9-13, 41, 44-50 Farr, Maude, and others: Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expendi¬ tures, and Property, 4 : II : 1-61 Federal aid : State school systems, 2 : 72- 73 ; vocational education, 2 : 74—77 Federal funds : Education, 1 : 11-13 ; higher institutions, 4 : II : 13-18, 36, 38-43, 45- 47 Federal reclamation projects, school main¬ tained, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Federal revenue receipts, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 72-73 Federal schools for Indians : Expenditures, 1 : 11 ; and Alaskans, number of teachers by control, 1 : 9 Federal Security Agency, Federal Govern¬ ment funds for education, 1 : 12 Federally aided vocational education : En¬ rollment by type of program, 1 : 30 ; selected data, 1 : 21 Finances : City school systems, 3 : 9-17 ; higher institutions, 1 : 35, 51 ; 4 : I : 40 ; 4 : II : 7, 35 ; public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 20-21 ; 2 : 8-13 INDEX 5 Financial data, public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 16, 28—29 ; 2 : 28 ; 3 : 21-23 First time college students, enrollment, 4 . 1 : 23-25, 41s 44-49, 56-61 Fiscal data, public-school systems, compara¬ tive summary, 1 : 33—34 ; 3 : 21—23 Fixed charges : City school systems, 3 : 16 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 107 ; public-school systems, 1 : 33 State school systems, 2 : 82-83 Foreign history, high school, enrollment, 5 : 8-9 Foreign languages, secondary schools : Clas¬ sification, 5 : 112-113 ; enrollment, 5 : 16- 18, 34-35, 61, 90-92 Foster, Emery M. and Herlihy, Lester B. : Statistics of City School Systems, 1949- 50 ; Staff, Pupils, Finance, and Property, 3 : 1-85 ; and Smith, Rose Marie : Statis¬ tical Summary of Education, 1949—50, 1 : 1-52 ; and others: Statistics of Higher Ed¬ ucation : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50, 4:1: 1-65 ; Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 4 : II : 1-60 ; and others: Statis¬ tics of State School Systems, 1949-50, 2 : 1-115 Foundations, educational, subsidies, 2: 74- 75 Foundations and corporations, receipts, higher institutions, 4 : II : 36, 45-47 Free textbooks, State school systems, cur¬ rent expenditures, 2 : 78—79 French, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 17, 60, 103, 1§7 Fuel, light, power, etc., State school systems, 2 : 80-81, 106 Full-time day schools ; Attendance, 2 : 54- 55 ; 3 : 3—4 ; average annual salary, in¬ structional staff, 2 : 14 ; average daily at¬ tendance, 2 : 18, 52-57 ; average length of school term, 2 : 17 ; comparative summary of general statistical data, 3 : 19—21 ; cur¬ rent expenditures, 2 : 23 ; enrollment, 1 : 6-7, 18; 2: 15, 42-49, 52-53; 3: 2; ex¬ penditures, 2 : 82—83, 85—87 ; instructional staff and clerical assistants, number, 2 : 36-37 ; school debt and interest payments, 2: 25 Fund and plant values, higher institutions, 4 : II : 33-34 Fundamentals of electricity, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 54 Funds, school, State school systems, 2 : 92- 93 G General business training, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 108 General mathematics, enrollment, secondary schools 5 : 15-16, 103, 107 General sciences, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14-15, 51, 102, 107 General Services Administration, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13 General trends, higher education, 1 : 31 Geography, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 9, 10, 46, 49, 105, 107, 108 Geology, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14 Geometry, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 56, 103, 107 Geometry and trigonometry, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 16 German, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 17, 18, 61, 103, 107 Gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds, Negro higher institutions, 1 : 51 Government, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 9, 107 Governmental sources, income, publicly and privately controlled institutions, 1 : 10 Graduates, high-school, going to college, num¬ ber, 4:1: 22-24 Graduate students, enrollment, schools of arts and sciences and in professional schools, 4:1: 62-65 Graduate work, enrollment, higher institu¬ tions, 1 : 37 ; 4 : I : 16-18, 52-61 Graduates, secondary schools, 1 : 15, 24, 47- 48 : 2 : 50-51, 98, 103 Greek, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 17- 18 Group guidance, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 26, 85 Growth of Negro higher institutions, 4:1: 8-9 ; 4 : II : 4-5 H Hawaii, University of : Enrollment and degrees, 1 : 45-46 Health, safety, and physical education, en¬ rollment, secondary schools, 5 : 24-25, 39- 40, 79-80, 106 Health employees in public schools, number, 2: 38-39 Health promotion, Negro public schools, cur¬ rent expenditures, 2 : 106 Health services, State school systems, cur¬ rent expenditures, 2 : 80-81 Herlihy, Lester B. and Foster Emery M. : Statistics of City School Systems, 1949- 50 : Staff, pupils, Finances, and Property, 3: 1-85 High schools : Enrollment, 2: 6, 16 ; going on to college, 4:1: 22-24 ; graduates, 1 : 24, 2 : 50-51 ; Negro public schools, num¬ ber, 2 : 98 ; offerings and enrollments, 5 : 1-118. See also Secondary schools Higher education : Faculty, students, and degrees, 4:1: 1—65 ; full-time, enrollment by type of control, 1 : 6-7 ; general trends and staff 1 : 31 ; historical summary, 1 : 35 ; 4 : II : 35 ; receipts, expenditures, and property, 4 : II : 1-61 ; statistical sum¬ mary, 1 : 31-46, 48-51 ; as a whole, 4 : II: 1-4 Higher institutions : Enrollment, 1 : 38 : 4 : 1:9; expenditures, by control, 1 : 11 ; in¬ come, 1 : 10-11, 42-44 : number, 1 : 4-5, 9 ; 4 : 1 : 2:4: II : 2-3 ; statistical sum¬ mary, 1 : 48-51 ; trends, 4:1:2 6 INDEX Historical summary, higher institutions, 1 : 35 ; 4 : 1 : 40 ; 4 : II : 35 Historical trends, degrees awarded, 4:1: 32-36 History, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 8-9, 45-48, 100-101, 107 Home economics : Federally aided, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 30 ; higher institutions, enroll¬ ment, 4:1: 26, 64-65 ; enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5: 22-23, 38-39, 73-77, 105, 108 Howard University, Federal funds, 1 : 12 Hull, J. Dan, and others: Offerings and En¬ rollment in High School Subjects, 1948- 49, 5 : 1-118 I Improvement to buildings, State school sys¬ tems, expenditures, 2 : 84-95 Income : Higher institutions, 1 : 42-44 ; 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 6-25, 35-37 ; publicly and pri¬ vately controlled education, 1 : 10-11 ; State school systems, 2 : 70-73 Indebtedness : City school systems, 3 : 17 ; State school systems, 2 : 94—95 Indians : Federal schools, 1 : 9, 11, 13 Individual income, percent devoted to higher education, 4 : II : 27-28 Individual instruction, higher institutions, 4:1: 30-31, 43-49 Individuals, plant fund receipts, higher in¬ stitutions, 4 : II : 45-47 Industrial arts — nonvocational, enrollment, 5 : 18-19, 35-36, 62-65, 92-94, 106, 113- 114 Industrial instruction, higher institutions, enrollment, 4:1: 56-61 Industrial subjects, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 108 Instruction : City school systems, expendi¬ tures, 3 : 16, 22, 24-85 ; public-school sys¬ tems, expenditures, 1 : 33 ; State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 78-79, 106 Instructional courses, classification, second¬ ary schools, 5 : 118 Instructional staff : Higher institutions, number, 1 : 37 ; Negro public schools, 1 : 47-48 ; Negro public schools, 17 Southern States and District of Columbia, number, 2 : 98-99 ; number: city school systems, 3 : 19, 24-85 ; public-school systems, 1 : 32 ; State school systems, 2 : 3-5, 36-37, 98- 99 ; salaries: 1 : 28—29 ; city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 10-12 ; public schools 1 : 21 ; 2 : 14 ; State school systems, 2 : 78-79 ; white and Negro public schools, 2 : 105 Insurance and judgments, State school sys¬ tems, 2: 82-83 Interest payments : City school systems, 3 : 16 ; per pupil, 1 : 28-29 ; 2 : 10, 25, 88-89 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 107 ; State school systems, 2 : 86-87 Intermediate administrative units, State school systems, 2 : 2, 30-31 Internal sources, income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 13-14 International correspondence, Office of Edu¬ cation program, 1 : 52 International relations : enrollment, second¬ ary schools, 5 : 49, 101 Italian, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 18, 107 J Janitors, engineers, etc., number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Jaracz, William, and others: Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50, 2: 1-115 Journalism, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 44, 107 Junior colleges : Enrollment, increase, 4:1: 7 ; Negro, faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 50 ; number, by control, 4:1: 3-5 ; 4 : II : 2—3 ; number and enrollment, 1 : 42 Junior colleges and normal schools : Current expenditures, percentage analysis, 4 : II : 31 ; endowment and other expendable funds, 4 : II : 34 ; expenditures, 4 : II : 17. 58 ; faculty, students, and degrees, 4:1: 41-43 ; income, expenditures, and prop¬ erty, 4 : II : 36-37 ; number of men and women on faculty, 4 : I : 11 ; plant fund expenditures, 4 : II : 32-33 ; plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 44 ; resident college en¬ rollment, by control, 4 : 1 : 15, 31 ; resi¬ dent instructional staff, 4 : 1 : 12-13 ; value, physical plant and plant funds, 4 : II: 33-34 Junior colleges for Negroes : Faculty, stu¬ dents, and degrees conferred, 4 : I : 10 Junior high schools ; Core curriculum, en¬ rollment, 5 : 10-12 ; science, enrollment, 5 : 13-15 Junior-senior and undivided high schools, enrollment, 5 : 12, 29-30 K Kindergartens : Enrollment, 1 : 32 ; full¬ time day schools, city school systems, per¬ sonnel and attendance, 3 :19 ; number of teachers, 1 : 32 L Laboratory equipment, furniture, and fix¬ tures, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84-85 Land-grant colleges, Federal funds, 1 :12 Languages : Foreign, high school classifica¬ tion, 5 : 112-113 ; percentage enrollment, public secondary day schools, 5 : 103 Large higher institutions, growth, 4 : I : 8-9 Latin : enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 17, 18, 59, 103, 107 Latin-American history, enrollment, second¬ ary schools, 5 : 47, 100 Law : Graduate and undergraduate enroll¬ ment, by sex, 4:1: 64-65 ; higher institu¬ tions, enrollment of special students, 4 : 1 : 26 Law, business : Enrollment, public secondary schools, 5 : 104, 108 Lease of school lands, State school systems, receipts, 2 : 68-69 Length of school term, white and Negro public schools, 2 : 105 INDEX 7 Length of school year, full-time public day schools, 3 : 24-85 Libraries, higher institutions, expenditures, 4 : II : 28, 30-31, 37, 52-57 Library books, expenditures, 2 : 78-79, 84-85 Literature, percentage enrollment, public secondary day schools, 5 : 100 Loans and bond sales, nonrevenue receipts, 2 : 74-75 Local government, income, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 13, 36, 38-43 Local sources, revenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 76-77 Local taxing units, State school systems, rev¬ enue receipts, 2 : 72-75 Lunch programs, school : Federal aid, 2 : 72- 77 ; statistics, by State, 2 : 66—67 M Maintenance of school plant : City school systems, expenditures, 1 : 33 ; 3 : 16, 22, 24—85 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 106 ; State school systems, 2 : 80-81 Major field of study, higher institutions, analysis, 4:1: 36-38 Maritime Commission, Department of Com¬ merce, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Master’s and second professional degrees : Historical summary, 4 : II : 35 number con¬ ferred, 4:1: 37-38, 40, 42-49 Master’s degrees : Historical summary, 1 : 35 ; historical trends, and 1949-50 statis¬ tics, 4:1: 32-36 ; Negro higher institu¬ tions, 1 : 50 ; number, 1 : 37 Mathematics, secondary schools : Classifica¬ tion, 5 : 112 ; enrollment, 5 : 11, 12, 15-16, 34, 56, 57, 90, 107 Medicine : Enrollment of special students, 4:1: 25-26 ; graduate and undergraduate enrollment, 4:1: 64-65 Men : Earned degrees conferred, number, 4 : 1 : 33-36 ; faculty members, higher insti¬ tutions, number, 4 : I : 11 ; students, higher institutions, enrollment, 4 : I : 14 ; teach¬ ers: full-time day schools, city school sys¬ tems, 3:7; public elementary and second¬ ary schools, 2 : 28, 40—41 ; Negro public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 98, 100 Modern European History, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 48, 101 Music, secondary schools : Classification, 5 : 117i ; enrollment, 5 : 25, 40, 80-82, 106, 108 N National Training School for Boys, Federal funds, 1 : 13 National Training School for Girls, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Natives of Alaska, Federal funds for educa¬ tion, 1 : 13 Nature study, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14 Negro and white schools, comparative data, 1 : 49 Negro education, statistical summary, 1 : 46- 51 Negro public schools : Enrollment, 2 : 101, 102 ; expenditures, 2 : 67, 106, 107 ; in¬ structional staff and number of clerical assistants, 2: 99 ; men teachers, 2 : 100 ; number, 2 : 108 ; school attendance and average length of school term, 2 : 104 ; sta¬ tistical data, 2 : 11-13 Negroes, higher institutions : Faculty, stu¬ dents, and degrees conferred, 4 : 1 : 10 ; finances, 1 : 51 ; growth, 4 : II : 5-6 ; num¬ ber, 4:1:9 New buildings, State school systems, expend¬ itures, 2 : 84-85 Noncollegiate departments of colleges, num¬ ber of teachers, by control, 1 : 9 Noncollegiate instructors, higher institu¬ tions, number by sex, 4:1: 50-55 Noneducational expenditures, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 32 Noneducational income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 36, 38-43 Nonexpenuaoie lunds, higher institutions, 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 25, 36, 37, 48-50 Nonpublic schools : Auxiliary services, cur¬ rent expenditures, 2 : 80-81 ; enrollment, 2 : 111 ; number, 1 : 4-5 ; number of teach¬ ers, 2 : 109-110 ; number of teachers and enrollment, 2 : 27 Nonresident collegiate enrollments, 4:1: 42, 44-49, 56-61 Nonrevenue receipts : City school systems, 3 : 21 ; State school systems, 2 : 74-75 Nonsalaried services, higher institutions, 4 : II : 21-22 Nonveterans, enrollment, higher institutions, 4:1: 26-29 Nonvocational trade and industrial educa¬ tion, high-school enrollment, 5 : 18-19 Normal schools, county, enrollment, decrease, 4:1: 7-8 Nurses, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Nursing: Graduate and undergraduate en¬ rollment, 4:1: 64-65 ; higher institutions, enrollment of special students, 4 : I : 26 ; number of schools, 1 : 4-5 O Occupations, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 47 Off-campus centers, higher institutions, en¬ rollment, 4 : 1 : 29 Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects, 1948-49 (Rice, Story, Hull, and Wright), 5 : 1-113 Offerings and regulations in high-school sub¬ jects, 1 : 15 Office of Education : Activities, Interna¬ tional Educational Relations, 1 : 52 ; Fed¬ eral Government funds, 1 : 12 Office practice : Enrollment, 5 : 108 ; per¬ centage enrollment, public secondary schools, 5 : 105 Office training, enrollment, 5 : 108 1-room, 1-teacher public-school buildings, number in use, 2 : 19 1-teacher, 1-room schools, number, enroll¬ ment, percent of teachers, 2 : 66-61 8 INDEX 1-teacher public schools, Increase in number, 1 : 24 ; Negro public, number and enroll¬ ment, 2 : 103 Operation, Negro public schools, current ex¬ penditures, 2 : 106 Operation and maintenance force, State offices of education, 2 : 34-35 Operation of physical plant, City school systems, expenditures, 3 : 16 public-school systems, expenditures, 1 : 33 ; 3 : 22, 24- 85 ; State school systems, current expend¬ itures, 2 : 80-81 Organization, higher education, changing pattern, 4:1: 7-8 Organized research, higher institutions, cur¬ rent expenditures, 4 : II : 29-31 37, 52-57 Orientation, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 47 Outlays for new building sites and new equipment, State school systems, 2 : 86-87 P Parochial schools. See Nonpublic schools Part-time (adult and continuation schools) and summer schools, city school systems, enrollment and staff, 3 : 8-9 Part-time day schools, city school systems, current expenditures, 3 : 13-14 Part-time schools : Adult, Americanization, night, and continuation schools and classes, public-school systems, expenditures, 3 : 16, 22 Part time vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 30 Penmanship, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 45 Per capita costs, public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 2 : 88-89 Per pupil cost in average daily attendance, Negro public schools, 2 : 108 Percentage analysis : Current expenditures, city school systems, 3 : 16 ; higher insti¬ tutions, 4 : II : 30-31 ; current income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 16-17 ; reve¬ nue receipts ; city school systems, 3 : 10 ; State school systems, 2 : 7&-77 Permanent school funds ; State school sys¬ tems, 2: 68-69, 76-77, 92-93 Personal income, higher institutions, 4 : II : 26-28 Personnel : Full-time day schools, city school systems, 3 : 19-20, 24-85 ; State, inter¬ mediate, and basic units, 2:3; State of¬ fices of education, 2 : 34-35 Pharmacy, enrollment of special students, higher institutions, 4:1: 26, 64-65 Philanthropic sources, income, higher insti¬ tutions, 4 : I : II : 13-14 Physical education, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 24-25, 106, 108 Physical geography, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14 Physical plant and plant funds, higher insti¬ tutions for Negroes, 1 : 51 Physical plant operation and maintenance, higher institutions, expenditures, 4 : II : 52-57 Physical property : Higher institutions, his¬ torical summary, 4 : I : 40 ; 4 : II : 35 ; public elementary and secondary schools, cost, 1 : 25 Physical science, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 8-15, 53, 102 Physicians, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 Physics enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 13-15, 53, 103, 107 Physiology, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14, 52, 102, 107 Plane geometry, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 56, 103 Plant and plant funds, higher institutions, 4 : II : 33-34, 59-61 Plant expansion, higher institutions, re¬ ceipts, 4 : II : 36 Plant funds, higher institutions, expendi¬ tures, 4 : II : 32-33, 58 ; receipts, 4 : II : 24-25, 44-47 Plant operation and maintenance, higher in¬ stitutions, expenditures, 4 : II : 28-31, 37 Population, 1 : 38 ; 2 : 42-45, 52-53 ; 3 : 18- 21 ; 4 : I : 6-7, 38-39 Portuguese, enrollment, secondary schools, 5: 18, 107 Principals : City public schools, salaries, 3 : 12, 24-85 ; full-time day schools, number, 3 : 19, 24-85 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 98, 99 ; number public-school systems : 1 : 32 ; 3 : 19-21 ; State school systems, 2 : 78-79 Private and parochial schools. See Non¬ public schools. Private benefactions, higher institutions, in¬ come, 1 : 10 ; 4 : II : 10-18, 20-22, 34 Private gifts and grants, higher institutions, I : 51 ; 4 : 36-37 ; income, 4 : II : 38-43 ; nonexpendable funds, 1 : 43 ; receipts, 4 : II : 48-50 Privately controlled higher institutions : En¬ dowment and other nonexpendable funds, 4 : II : 34 ; enrollment, 4:1: 30-31, 60- 61 ; expenditures, 4 : II : 30-31, 56-58 ; faculty, 4 : 1 : 11, 41-43, 48-49, 54-55 ; income, 4 : II : 16-17, 36-37, 42-43 ; non- salaried services, estimated value, 4 : II : 21-22 ; number, 4 : 1 : 3-5 ; 4 : II : 2-3 ; percentage analysis, 4 : II : 16-17 : re¬ ceipts, 4 : II : 44, 47, 50 ; resident en¬ rollment, 4 : 1 : 14-18, 24-25 ; resident instructional staff, 4 : 1 : 12 ; value, physi¬ cal plant and plant funds, 4 : II : 33-34 Privately controlled junior colleges, number and enrollment, 1 : 42 ; 4 : 1 : 7 Privately controlled schools : enrollment by level, 1 : 6-7 ; sources of income, 1 : 10 Problems of Democracy, enrollment, second¬ ary schools, 5 : 49, 101, 107 Professional schools, enrollment, 4:1: 62- 65 Property : City school systems, 3 : 18 ; higher institutions, 1 : 43, 44 ; 4 : II : 37, 59-61 ; higher institutions for Negroes, 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 7 Psychology, enrollment, secondary schools, 5: 50, 101, 107 INDEX 9 Public and nonpublic schools, enrollment, 1 : 19; 2: 16 Public elementary and secondary schools : Administrative organization, 2 : 2-3 ; at¬ tendance, 2: 17, 52-57 ; cost of physical property, 1 : 65 ; enrollment, 1 : 18 ; 2 : 5-17, 42-46, 52-53, 101 ; expenditures, 2 : 23 ; finances, 1 : 20-21, 28-29 ; 2 : 8-11 ; instructional staff, 2 : 3-5, 36-37 ; per cap¬ ita cost, 2 : 88-89 ; percent of men teach¬ ers, 2 : 40-41 ; retirement funds, 1 : 26 ; 2 : 96-97 ; revenue receipts, 1 : 25 ; school debt and interest payment per pupil, 2 : 25 ; statistical summary, 1 : 16-17 ; 2 : 28-29, 98 Public elementary and secondary schools for Negroes : Enrollment, 2 : 102 ; expendi¬ tures, 2 : 27 ; percent of men teachers, 2 : 100 ; school attendance and average length of term, 2 : 104 ; statistical summary, 1 : 46-48 ; 2 : 11-13 Public high schools : Enrollment, 2: 16 ; graduates, number, 2 : 7, 13-51 Public library systems : State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 80-81 ; statistical summary, 1 : 14 Public property used for public school pur¬ poses, cost value, 2 : 90-91 Public-school buildings, 1-room 1-teacher, number in use, 2 : 69 Public-school plant, value, 1 : 21 Public-school property, State school systems, value, 2 : 90-91 Public school systems : Comparative sum¬ mary of fiscal data, 1 : 33-34 ; fiscal data, comparative summary, 3 : 21-23 ; revenue receipts, 2: 20 ; statistical data, compara¬ tive summary, 1 : 32 Public schools, number, 1 : 4-5 Public schools, Negro : Expenditures, 2 : 106, 107 ; number, 2 : 108 Public secondary schools : Enrollment, 1 : 22-23 ; 5 : 12 ; number, 1 : 4-5 Public sources of income : Higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 8-20 ; per capita of total population, 4 : II : 10-11 Publicly controlled educational institutions : Enrollment, 1 : 6-7 ; 4 : I : 30-31, 58-59 ; sources of income, by level, 1 : 10 ; teach¬ ers, number, by level, 1 : 9 Publicly controlled higher institutions : Cur¬ rent expenditures, 4 : II : 30-31, 54-55 ; current income, 4 : II : 16-17, 40-41 ; en¬ dowment and other nonexpendable funds, 4 : II : 34 ; enrollment, 4:1: 30-31, 58-59 ; faculty, 4 : 1 : 11, 52-53 ; faculty, stu¬ dents, and degrees, 4:1: 41-43, 46-47 ; income, expenditures, and property, 4 : II : 36-37 ; nonsalaried service, 4 : II : 21- 22 ; number, 4:1: 3-5 ; 4 : II : 2-3 ; per¬ centage analysis, 4:1: 16-17 ; plant fund expenditures, 4 : II : 58 ; plant fund re¬ ceipts, 4 : II : 44, 46, 49 ; resident enroll¬ ment, 4:1: 14-18, 24-25 ; resident in¬ structional staff, 4 : 1 : 12 ; value, physi¬ cal plant and plant funds, 4 : II : 33-34 Publicly controlled junior colleges : Number and enrollment, 1 : 42 ; 4 : I : 7 Puerto Rico, University : Enrollment and degrees, 1 : 48 Pupil-teacher ratio : Full-time day schools, city school systems, 3 : 4-5 ; public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 1 : 26-27 ; 2 : 7 Pupil transportation, 1 : 24 ; 2 : 24, 62-63 Pupils and staff, city school systems, 3 : 2-9 R Radio, including electronics, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 54 Radio speaking and broadcasting, enroll¬ ment, secondary schools, 5 : 43, 100, 107 Ratio of public elementary and secondary enrollment to population and attendance, 2: 6-7 Receipts : Higher institutions, 4 : II : 24^25, 36, 48—50 ; State school systems, 2 : 8-9, 21, 68-69, 72-75 Receipts and balances, public-school systems, 1 : 33-34 ; 3 : 21-23 Receipts for plant expansion : By source, 1 : 43; higher institutions- for Negroes, 1 : 51 Recreational workers, number, public schools, 2: 38-39 Regional and district administration, super¬ visory personnel, number State offices of education, 2 : 34—35 Regional distribution of enrollments, higher institutions, 4:1: 18-22 Regular and senior high schools, enrollment, 5: 12, 29-30 Regular sessions, higher institutions : En¬ rollment, 4 : I : 15, 30—31, 44—55 ; resi¬ dent college enrollments, 4:1: 13—14, 22, 41 Related sciences, enrollment secondary schools, 5 : 103 Remedial English, enrollment secondary schools, 5 : 45 Rent, State school systems, 2 : 82-83 Resident college enrollment : 1 : 35, 50 ; 4 : I : 10, 13-14. 16-22, 24-25, 27-31, 40-42, 44-49 ; 4 : II : 35 Resident instruction, higher institutions : Expenditures, 4 : II : 28, 30-31, 37, 52-57 ; staff, 4 : 1 : 12 Resident noncollegiate enrollment, 4:1: 30- 31, 42, 44-49 Residential schools for exceptional children : Expenditures, 1 : 11 ; number, 1 : 4-5 ; number of teachers, 1 : 9 ; sources of in¬ come, 1 : 10 Retailing, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 105, 108 Retirement funds : Public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 26 ; State school systems, 2 : 11, 26, 82-83, 96-97 Revenue receipts : City school systems, 3 : 9—10, 21 ; grazing and mineral lands, 1 : 13 ; national forests, 1 : 12 ; public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 1 : 16- 17, 20, 25, 28-29 ; 2 : 20, 22, 28-29, 74-77 Revenue sources : City school systems 3 : 9-10 ; State school systems 2 : 72-73 10 INDEX Rice, Mabel C., and others: Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects, 1948-49, 5 : 1-118 Rural areas, enrollment, day schools and colleges, 1 : 8 Russian, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 • 107 S Safety education, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 24-25 Salaries : City school systems, expenditures, 3 : 22, 24-85 ; clerical assistants, State school systems, 2 : 78—79 ; instructional staff, 1 : 21, 28-29 ; 2 : 4-5, 29, 105, 106 ; 3 : 10-11 ; per unit of instructional staff, 1 : 28-29 ; public schools, expenditures, 1 : 28-29, 33 ; State school systems, ex¬ penditures, 2 : 80—81 ; supervisory staff, city public day schools, 3 : 12 Sales and services, higher institutions, 4 : II: 13-14, 22, 38-43 Sales of property and insurance adjustments, revenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 74-75 Salesmanship and advertising, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 105, 108 Scholarships and fellowships, higher institu¬ tions, income, 4 : II : 36 School assistance at Federal Reclamation Projects, Federal funds, 1 : 13 School attendance, public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 58-59, 104 School board contributions to retirement, State school systems, 2 : 82-83 School bonds, State school systems, 2 : 94-95 School debt per pupil, full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, 2 : 25 School funds, permanent, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 92-93 School indebtedness, State school systems, 2 : 11, 94-95 School lands : Public elementary and second¬ ary schools, value, 1 : 25 ; State school systems, number of acres and value, 2 : 92-93 School lunch program : Federal funds, 1 : 12 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 106 ; State school systems, 2 : 8, 66-67, 80-81, 106 ; statistics, by State, 2 : 61-67 School plant, public-school systems, current expenditures, 3 : 24-85 School property : City school systems, 3 : 23 ; public elementary and secondary schools, 1 : 16-17 ; State school systems, value, 2 : 10-11, 28, 108 School retention rates, 1 : 3 School services, Negro public schools, cur¬ rent expenditures, 2 : 106 School term : Average length, 1 : 26-27, 44 ; city school systems, 3 : 5—6 ; State school systems, 2 : 17, 98, 104 School year, average length, city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 19, 34-85 Schoolhouses, public elementary and second¬ ary, number, 1 : 16-17 ; 2 : 58 Schools of nursing, number, 1 : 4-5 Science, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : II- 15, 33, 51-55, 89-90, 102-103, 107, III- 112 Secondary day schools : Enrollment, 1 : 22- 25 ; 2 : 15, 42-43, 101, 102 ; 5 : 12, 29-30 ; instructional staff and clerical assistants, 2 : 36-37 ; personnel and attendance, 3 : 20 Secondary education, statistical summary, 1 : 15-31 Secondary grades, Negro enrollment, 2 : 98, 103 Secondary schools : Average daily attend¬ ance, 2 : 54-55 ; average length of term and school attendance, 2 : 58-59 ; Catholic, number of teachers and enrollment, 2 : 114-115; enrollment, 1: 6-7, 18, 32 ; 2 : 47-49 ; 5 : 30-85 ; expenditures, 1 : 11 ; instructional staff, 1 : 9, 32, 47-48 ; 2 : 27, 99 ; nonpublic: enrollment, 2 : 111-113 ; number, 1 : 4-5 ; number of teachers, 2 : 109-110 ; number, 2 : 60-61 ; public: At¬ tendance, Negro, 2 : 104 ; graduates, Negro, 2 : 103 ; number, 1 : 4-5 ; 2 ; 108 ; statisti¬ cal summary, 2 : 28-29 ; ultimate and basic administrative unit, 2 : 32-38. See also High schools Short courses, higher institutions : Enroll¬ ment, 4:1: 30-31, 44-49, 56-61 Short-term indebtedness, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 94-95 Shorthand, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 104, 108 Sites used for public schools : Negroes, cost, 2 : 108 ; State school systems, value, 2 : 90-91 Small schools, number, State school systems, 2: 7-8 Smith, Rose Marie, and Foster, Emery M. : Statistical Summary of Education, 1949- 50, 1 : 1-52 Social studies : Classification, secondary schools, 5 : 110-111 ; enrollment, second¬ ary schools, 5 : 8-12, 31-32, 87-88 Sociology, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 50, 101, 107 Solid geometry, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 56, 103 Sources of income : Publicly and privately controlled education, 1 : 10-11 ; State school systems, 2 : 22, 68-69 Spanish, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 17, 57-58, 103, 107 Special and unclassified students, enroll¬ ment, higher institutions, 4:1: 56-61 Special groups, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 85 Special students, enrollment, arts and sci¬ ences and certain professional schools, 4 : I : 25-26 Speech and public speaking, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 43 Staff : City school systems, 3 : 2-9 ; higher institutions, 1 : 31, 35 ; historical sum¬ mary, 4 : 1 : 40 ; 4 : II : 35 ; part-time schools and summer schools, city school systems, number, 3 : 8-9 ; public elemen- INDEX 11 tary and secondary schools, retirement funds, 2 : 26 ; public-school systems, 1 : 32 State Boards of Education, administrative organization, 2 : 2 State contributions to retirement, State school systems, 2 : 82—83 State governments, income, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : II : 13, 36, 38-43, 45-47 State history, enrollment, secondary schools, 5: 46, 48, 101 State maritime academies, Federal funds, 1 : 13 State offices of education, number of per¬ sonnel, 2 : 34-35 State school systems, statistics, 1 : 21, 25 ; 2 : 1-115 State sources, revenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 76-77 State taxing unit, State school systems, re¬ ceipts, 2 : 72-75 Statistical summary, public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 28-29 Statistical Summary of Education, 1949—50 (Smith and Foster), 1 : 1-52 Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50 : Staff, Pupils, Finances, and Property (Herlihy and Foster), 3 : 1-85 Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50 (Badger, and others), 4:1: 1—65; Receipts, Ex¬ penditures, and Property, 1949-50 (Bad¬ ger, and others), 4 : II : 1-61 Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50 (Blose, Jaracz, and Foster), 2: 1-115 Store training, cooperative, enrollment, sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 108 Story, Robert C., and others: Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects, 1948-49, 5: 1-118; Statistics of Higher Education : Faculty, Students, and De¬ grees, 1949-50, 4:1: 1-65 ; Statistics of Higher Education : Receipts, Expendi¬ tures, and Property, 4 : II : 1-61 Student fees : Higher institutions, income, 4 : II : 13, 19, 36, 38-43 ; publicly and pri¬ vately controlled institutions, 1 : 10 Student loan funds : Higher institutions, 1 : 51 ; 4 : II : 37, 48-50, 59-61 Student service, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 26, 85 Students, enrollment, higher institutions, 1 : 36, 50 ; 4 : 1 : 10, 13-31, 44-49, 56-61 Subject enrollment, public secondary day schools, 1 : 22-23 Subjects offered, secondary schools, 5 : 1-118 Subsidies from educational foundations, re¬ ceipts, 2 : 74-75 ; State school systems, 2 : 72-73 Summer, evening, and adult schools, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 12-87 Summer schools ; City school systems, enroll¬ ment and staff, 3 : 8-9 ; expenditures, 3 : 13-14, 16, 23 ; personnel and attendance, 3 : 21 ; public-school systems, expenditures, 3 : 23 ; publicly supported, expenditures, 1 : 33 ; teachers, enrollment, and expendi¬ tures, 2 : 50-51 Summer sessions : Enrollment, 1 : 38 ; higher institutions, enrollment, 1 : 50 ; 4 : 1 : 15, 30-31, 42 ; faculty, 4:1: 50-55 ; resident college enrollment, 4:1: 13-14, 44-49 Superintendents and administrative staff, full-time day schools, city school systems, 3: 19 Supervisors, city public day schools, salaries, 3 : 12, 19, 24-85 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 98, 99 ; public-school systems, number, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 36-37 ; 3 : 19-21, 24-85 ; salaries, State school systems, 2 : 78-79 Supplies, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 78-81 T Taxation and appropriation, State school systems, receipts, 2 : 21, 76-77 Taxing units, State school systems, 2 : 70-75 Teacher Exchange Programs, Office of Educa¬ tion, 1 : 52 Teacher load, white and Negro, public schools, 2 : 105 Teacher training, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 108 Teachers ; Adult education classes, number, 2 : 50-51 ; average annual salaries, city public day schools, 3 : 12 ; Catholic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 2 : 114- 115 ; city school systems, 3 : 12, 24-85 ; full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 36—37 ; Negro public schools, number, 2 : 98 ; nonpublic schools, number, 2 : 27, 109-110 ; number, 1 : 8-9 ; public-school systems, 1 : 16-17, 32 ; 2: 28 ; 3, 19-21 ; summer schools, 2 : 50-51 Teachers and other instructional staff, State school systems, 2 : 12, 78-79, 99 Teachers colleges : Current expenditures, 4 : II : 31 ; current income, 4 : II : 17 ; endow¬ ments and other nonexpendable funds, 4 : II : 34 ; faculty, students, and degrees, 4 : 1 : 41-43 ; income, expenditures, and prop¬ erty, 4 : II : 36-37 ; Negro, faculty, stu¬ dents, and degrees, 1 : 50 ; 4 : 1 : 10 ; number, by control, 4:1: 3-5 ; number, by control, 4 : II : 2-3 number of men and women on faculty, 4 : 1 : 11 ; plant fund expenditures, 4 : II : 32-33, 58 ; plant fund receipts, 4 : II : 44 ; resident college enroll¬ ment, by control, 4:1: 15, 31 ; resident instructional staff, 4 : 1 : 12-13 ; value, physical plant and plant funds, 4 : II : 33- 34 Teaching positions, number, 2 : 64—65 Teaching staff, summer schools, higher insti¬ tutions, number, 4:1: 50—55 Textbooks ; City school systems, expendi¬ tures, 3 : 22 ; State school systems, current expenditures, 2 : 78—79, 106 Third week of fall term : Higher institutions, enrollment, 4:1: 56-61 ; resident college enrollment, 4:1: 22, 41, 44—49 3-teacher schools, State school system, num¬ ber and enrollment, 2 : 60—61, 103 Trade and industrial education : Classifica¬ tion, secondary schools, 5 : 114—115 ; en- 12 INDEX rollment, secondary schools, 5 : 19-20, 36-37, 65-68, 94-98, 104 Training of unlicensed Merchant Marine per¬ sonnel, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Transfers from current funds, plant fund receipts, higher institutions, 4 : II : 45-47 Transportation : Employees, number, public schools, 2 : 38-39 ; Negro ratio, 1 : 26-27 ; public-school pupils, 2: 108 ; pupils, 1 : 24, 28-29 ; State school systems, 2 : 24, 62-63, 80-81, 106 Trends, higher education, 4:1:2 Trigonometry, enrollment, secondary schools, 5: 56, 103, 107 2-teacher schools, enrollment, 2 : 60-61, 103 Typewriting, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 104, 108 U Ultimate administrative units, by level of instruction, 2 : 32-33 Ultimate or basic administrative units, num¬ ber, 2 : 30-31, 64-65 Uncommon subjects, enrollment, public sec¬ ondary schools, 5 : 86—99 Undergraduate and special work, higher in¬ stitutions, resident enrollment, 4:1: 16- 18 Undergraduate engineering, enrollment, 1 : 41 Undergraduate enrollment : Higher institu¬ tions, 4:1: 42, 56—61 ; publicly and pri¬ vately controlled higher institutions, 4 : 24-25 ; schools of arts and sciences and professional schools, 4:1: 62-65 Unexpended plant funds, higher institutions, 4 : II : 37, 59-61 UNESCO, cooperation from Office of Edu¬ cation, 1 : 52 United States History, enrollment, secondary schools, 5: 8, 45, 47, 100 United States Military Academy, Federal funds, 1 : 13 United States Naval Academy, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Universities, colleges, and professional schools, current expenditures, 4 : II : 30- 31 ; current income, 4 : II : 16-17 ; endow¬ ments, 4 : II : 34 ; faculty, students, and degrees, 1 : 50 ; 4 : I : 10, 41-43 ; income, expenditures, and property, 4 : II : 36- 37 ; number, by control, 4:1: 3-5, 4 : II : 2-3 ; number of men and women on faculty, 4 : I : 11 ; value, physical plant, and plant funds, 4 : II : 33—34 ; plant fund expen¬ ditures, 4:11: 32-33, 58 ; plant fund re¬ ceipts, 4 : II : 44 ; resident college enroll¬ ment, 4 : 1 : 30 ; resident instructional staff, 4:1: 12-13 University of Alaska, enrollment and de¬ grees, 1 : 45-46 University of Hawaii, enrollment and de¬ grees, 1 : 45—46 University of Puerto Rico, enrollment and degrees, 1 : 46 Upgrading of licenses and unlicensed Mer¬ chant Marine Personnel, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Urban areas, enrollment, day schools and colleges, 1 : 8 V Value of physical plant, higher institutions, 4 : 1 : 40 ; 4 : II : 33-35, 37 Value of public-school property, 1 : 16-17, 21, 25 ; city school systems, 3 : 18, 23, 90-91 ; State school systems, 2 : 28 Vehicles used for transportation of pupils, 2 : 62-63 Veterans, rehabilitation and education and training, Federal funds, 1 : 12 Veterans Administration, Federal funds, for education, 1. 12 Veterans education, higher institutions, in¬ come, 4 : II : 36, 38-43 Veterans Educational Facilities Program, Federal funds, 1 : 13 Veterans educational student fees, current receipts, 4 : II : 10-12 Veterans of World War II, enrollment, higher- institutions, 4:1: 14, 26-29, 56—61, resi¬ dent college enrollment, 4 : I : 41, 44-49 Veterans students fees, higher institutions, 4 : II : 13-14 Veterans training programs, expenditures, 1 : 45 Virgin Islands, Federal funds for education, 1 : 13 Vocational education, Federal aid, 1 : 12, 21, 30 ; State school systems, 2 : 72-77 Vocational rehabilitation, expenditures, 1 : 12, 45 Vocational trade and industrial education, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 19-20 Volumes, number, public libraries, 1 : 14 W Wages of janitors, engineers, etc., Negro public schools, 2 : 106 White and Negro schools, comparative data, 1 : 49 ; city school systems, 2 : 105 Women : Earned degrees, number, 4:1: 30— 31 ; students, higher institutions, enroll¬ ment, 4 : I : 14 ; teachers, number, 2 : 28, 98; 4: I: 11 World geography, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 46, 49 World history, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 8-9, 44, 45, 48, 101, 107 World War II veterans. See Veterans of World War II Wright, Grace S., and others: Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects, 1948-49, 5: 1-118 Z Zoology, enrollment, secondary schools, 5 : 14, 52, 102, 3 07 O Biennial Survey of Education in the United States — 1948-50 Statistical Summary of Education U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 The following chapters are included in the Biennial Survey for 1948-50: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50. 30 cents. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50: Staff, Pupils, Finances, and Property. 30 cents. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50. 25 cents. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1949-50. 20 cents. Chapter 5. Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects. 1948-49. 30 cents. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1948-50 <^oAafvfew' / Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50 Rose Marie Smith, Educational Statistician , prepared this chapter , under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head , Reports and Analysis Unit TT. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Oveta Culp Hobby, Secretary Earl James McGrath, Commissioner Office of Education UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1953 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. • Price 20 cents FOREWORD npHE Biennial Survey of Education in the United States brings together, in a series of separately issued chapters of uniform format, the periodic statistical studies of the Office of Educa¬ tion for each biennium: in the present instance, the biennium of 1948-50. These statistical studies are conducted in accord¬ ance with the statutory obligation of the Office of Education to collect "such statistics and facts as shall show the condi¬ tion and progress of education in the several States and Ter¬ ritories . . The present chapter, entitled "Statistical Summary of Education," provides an abstract (together with brief interpretive comments) of educational statistics drawn principally from other chapters of the Biennial Survey. The titles of these other chapters are listed on the inside cover of this publication. The Statistical Summary inevitably reflects certain gaps or shortcomings of the studies from which the Summary is drawn. Most important, perhaps, is the lack of data for rural schools as a separate group. Data are also lacking on such items as the starting salaries of teachers, taxable property per pupil, offerings in adult education, unit costs in higher education, etc. All in all, the present Statistical Summary condenses data collected by the Office of Education or other agencies from over 170,000 educational institutions, including elementary schools, secondary schools, libraries, and institutions of higher educa¬ tion. This coverage, while extensive, is still incomplete, since the Office of Education lacks data from an unknown number of private vocational and trade schools, private correspondence schools, etc. Attention is invited to the organization of the material in the present Summary, as outlined in the Table of Contents. Those who make regular use of successive editions of the Sum¬ mary will notice that the organization is new and, it is hoped, an improvement in logic and clarity. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief Research and Statistical Standards Ward Stewart, Assistant Commissioner for Program Development and Coordination m CONTENTS Text page FOREWORD . hi ORGANIZATION OF DATA . 1 EDUCATION IN BROAD RANGE . 1 Educational units . 1 Administrative units . 2 Number of schools . 3 Enrollments . 3 School retention rates . 3 Teachers . 8 Income . 10 Expenditures . 11 Federal Government funds for education . 11 Public library systems . 14 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 15 Enrollments . 15 Offerings and registrations in high -school subjects . 15 High-school graduates . 15 Consolidation and transportation . 20 Finances of public elementary and secondary schools . 20 Selected data from "Statistics of State School Systems” . 21 Federally aided vocational education . 21 Statistics of city school systems . 31 Expenditures per pupil in city school systems . 31 HIGHER EDUCATION . 31 General trends . 31 Staff . 31 Students . 36 Degrees . 36 Engineering enrollments and degrees . 36 Junior colleges . 42 Income . 42 Expenditures . 44 Property . 44 Veterans’ training program . 45 Higher education in outlying parts of the United States . 45 NEGRO EDUCATION . 46 Public elementary and secondary schools . 46 Institutions of higher education for Negroes . 48 ACTIVITIES OF OFFICE OF EDUCATION IN FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS . 52 IV CONTENTS V Tables Education in Broad Range Page 1. Number and type of educational units in the United States. . . 2 2. Number of public-school administrative units and number of schools of specified types, by State: 1949-50 . 4 3. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction and type of control: 1949-50 . 6 ' — 4. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level of instruction and type of control: 1899-1900 to 1949-50 . 7 5. Percent of civilian population in publicly or privately con¬ trolled day schools or colleges, by age, sex, and urban or rural residence: October 1949 . 8 6. Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade of public and nonpublic schools in the years indicated, by grade or year . 8 7. Number of teachers in all elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of higher education: 1929-30 to 1949—50 . 9 8. Sources of income for publicly and privately controlled educa¬ tion: 1949-50 . 10 9. Expenditures, including capital outlay, for publicly and pri¬ vately controlled education: 1949-50 . 11 10. Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1949-50. 12 11. Selected statistics for public library systems in cities of 50,000 population or more, for specified years . 14 12. Comparison of per capita figures for public library systems in cities of 100,000 or more population with those of 50,000 to 99,999 population: 1950 . 14 Elementary and Secondary Education 13. Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools: 1870 to 1950 . 16 14. Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public day schools, for speci¬ fied years . 18 15. Total public and nonpublic elementary school enrollment, and population 5-13 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 . 19 16. Total public and nonpublic secondary school enrollment, and population 14-17 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 . 19 17. Number continuing through high school per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in public and nonpublic schools in the year indicated, by high school year . 20 18. Number and percentage of pupils enrolled in certain subjects in the last 4 years of public secondary day schools: 1889-90 to 1948- 49 . 22 19. Number of high-school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: 1869-70 to 1949-50 . 24 20. Number of pupils transported at public expense, and expendi¬ tures for transportation: 1929-30 to 1949-50 . 24 21. Decrease in number of 1-teacher public schools: 1929-30 to 1949- 50 . 24 VI CONTENTS Elementary and Secondary Education — Continued Page 22. Amount of revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools, and percentage distribution by source: 1929-30 to 1949-50 . 25 23. Expenditures of State school systems (elementary and secondary education), excluding debt retirement, by purpose, for speci¬ fied years . 25 24. Cost of physical property, and value of permanent school funds and school lands for public elementary and secondary schools: 1949-50 . 25 25. Statement of retirement funds for staff of public elementary and secondary schools, as of July 1, 1950 . 26 26. Average length of school term; attendance, enrollment, and transportation ratios; and pupil-teacher ratio, in public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, by State: 1949-50 . 26 27. Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1949-50 . 28 28. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of pro¬ gram: 1930-31 to 1949-50 . 30 29. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of class and type of program: 1949-50 . 30 30. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education: 1930-31 to 1949-50 . 30 31. Comparative summary of general statistical data of public- school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949— 50 . 32 32. Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 . 33 33. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 291 city school systems: 1949-50 . 34 Higher Education 34. Historical summary of higher education: 1889-90 to 1949-50. . 35 35. Faculty, students, and degrees: institutions of higher education, 1949-50 . 37 36. Enrollment in institutions of higher education and population 18-21 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 . 38 37. Enrollment in summer -session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education: 1919-20 to 1949-50 . . 38 38. Degrees conferred by institutions of higher education per 100 persons 21 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 . 39 39. Degrees conferred, by major field of study: 1949-50 . 39 40. Undergraduate engineering enrollments, October 1950; and first engineering degrees conferred, 1949-50 . 41 41. Number of junior colleges and enrollment in junior colleges: 1919-20 to 1949-50 . 42. Income, expenditures, and property of institutions of higher 42 education: 1949-50 . 43 43. Veterans in training, and expenditures for training and for vo¬ cational rehabilitation: 1943-44 to 1949-50 . 45 44. Institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States: 1949-50 . 46 CONTENTS VII Negro Education Page 45. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1919-20 to 1949-50 . 47 46. Instructional staff, enrollments, and high-school graduates in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 . 48 47. Comparative data on attendance and average expenditures for white and Negro schools in 17 Southern States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia: 1949-50 . 49 48. Faculty, students, and degrees: institutions for the higher edu¬ cation of Negroes, 1949-50 . 50 49. Finances of institutions for the higher education of Negroes: 1949-50 . 51 ' Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50 rpms CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education in the United States provides a statistical conspectus of education, from the kinder¬ garten through higher education, for both publicly and privately controlled schools. Historical tables show trends over long periods. In general the data are taken from the other chapters of the survey; additional information has been drawn (a) from other publications of the Office; (6) from other governmental sources, such as the Bureau of the Census and the Veterans Administration; and (c) from nongovernmental sources, such as the National Catholic Welfare Conference and the National League of Nursing Education, Inc. Organization of Data This chapter presents, first, a statistical summary of education in broad range (kindergarten through university); second, a statistical summary of education by level (elementary -secondary education and higher education); third, a statistical summary of Negro education; and, finally, a brief statistical note on activities of the Office of Education in the field of international educational relations. Education in Broad Range Educational Units More than 62,000 educational units in the United States are periodi¬ cally requested to report statistical data to the Office of Education (table 1). Each State Department of Education (as well as each outlying part of the United States), each city school system in cities having more than 2,500 population, and each institution of higher education (defined as university, college, professional school, teachers college, normal school, and junior college) is requested biennially to report specified general and fiscal data. Public secondary schools, nonpublic elementary and second¬ ary schools, residential schools for exceptional children, and libraries (public, school, and college) are requested less frequently to report. There are other types of schools from which data are not collected. These are chiefly private commercial, vocational, and trade schools; 241983—53 - 2 1 -2 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 1.— Number and type of educational units in the United States Type Number Total number of educational units surveyed by the Office of Education. 62, 443 Units covered by 1948-50 surveys _ 37, 280 States, the District of Columbia, and outlying parts of the United States _ 56 City school systems _ 3, 141 Public secondary schools _ 24, 542 Institutions of higher education _ 1, 851 Public library systems _ 7, 500 Schools of engineering _ 190 Units covered by previous surveys _ 25, 163 Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools _ 1 13, 706 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 2 444 Schools of nursing not affiliated with universities _ 2 1, 065 Libraries in institutions of higher education _ 1, 851 Public-school library systems _ 4 8, 097 Educational units not surveyed by the Office of Education _ - County or similar large public school systems that include both rural and urban areas _ - Private commercial, vocational, and trade schools _ - Private non-degree-granting schools of art, music, dancing, and dramatics _ Private Bible schools not granting degrees _ - Private correspondence schools _ - * Estimated. * Statistics, 1945-46. * SOURCE: National League of Nursing Education, Inc. Data as of January 1, 1950. * Statistics, 1947-18. private schools of art, music, dancing, and dramatics (non-degree -grant¬ ing); private Bible schools not granting degrees; the Armed Forces Institute; and private correspondence schools. Also not covered is a large amount of unorganized individual education. Administrative Units During the school year 1949-50 more than 83,000 basic administrative units administered 153,000 public elementary and secondary schools in continental United States. The distribution of the administrative units by State (table 2) shows that 15 States have fewer than 200 such units each, while 22 States have more than 1,000 each, the range being from 17 in Delaware to 7,116 in Minnesota. One recognized way to achieve more efficient financial administration of public schools and at the same time to provide a more desirable quality level of education is to eliminate unnecessarily small school administrative units. Some States are making excellent progress in this direction. During the past decade, in the country as a whole, there was a decrease of 33,702, almost 29 percent, in the num- STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 ber of ultimate or basic administrative units, as follows: 1939-40, 116,999 units; 1941-42, 115,384; 1943-14, 111,273; 1945-46, 101,273; 1947-18, 94,817; and 1949-50, 83,237. Number of Schools The distribution by State of approximately 170,000 schools is shown in table 2. The classification is by level (elementary, secondary, and higher education), and by control (public or private), as well as by special type (residential schools for exceptional children, and schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities). Separate data for a number of 1 -teacher schools are reported in column 4. Enrollments ^ Grand total enrollments, from the kindergarten through higher educa¬ tion, in both public and nonpublic schools, numbered 31,400,000 in 1949-50 (table 3), 5 percent more than in 1947-48, and 82 percent more than at the turn of the century (table 4). In 1949-50 nonpublic schools enrolled approximately 15 percent of the total: 12 percent of the pupils at the elementary level; 11 percent at the secondary level; and 49 percent of students in institutions of higher education. Table 5 presents data on the percentage of persons in specified age groups enrolled in school. The highest percentage of persons in the age group 5-34 enrolled in school (49.6) was found in the rural-farm areas. Rural-nonfarm areas enrolled 45.4 percent and urban areas, 41.2 percent. The effect of the compulsory school laws (in general applying to ages 7-16) is reflected in the percentage of children of the following age groups enrolled in school: 7-13, 99 percent; 14-15, 94 percent, and 16-17, 70 percent. School Retention Rates For the purposes of this summary, school retention rates are based on the number of pupils enrolled in the fifth grade, rather than in the first. The fifth-grade enrollment probably more nearly equals the number in the entering first-grade cohort 5 years earlier than does the total first- grade enrollment itself, because of retardation in the first grades, and also because compulsory school laws keep practically all children in school at least through the fifth grade. Of 1,000 children enrolled in the fifth grade in 1942—13, 505 were graduated from high school in 1949-50, and 225 of the 505 high -school graduates entered institutions of higher education the following fall (table 6). The large number of ex-service students who entered college several years after high-school graduation, with varying amounts of advanced credit, makes it impossible to calculate a retention rate extending to college graduation until the relationship between college and high-school enrollment becomes normal again. For this reason no college graduate figure has been given in table 6 since that for 1941-42. Table 2. — Number of public-school administrative units"and number of schools of specified types , by State: 1949-50 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Schools of nursing not affiliated with col¬ leges and universi¬ ties * 1,065 ITT rH CO 00 eg *oco 00 a cocmoo | 121 aass'-ssi 168 Shh CM CO Institutions of higher education J Private ** 118 0(0 0>0)-HM 1-1 OHM 223 102 95 234 ScS oo«3m J 144 assays;! | CM 8 Public s CO 8 CO CO 00 CM lO CO 30 11 15 00 05 CO 05 oo *o hhco 104 r CM CM CM Residential schools for exceptional children, 1945-46 Private 137 CO 1 1 ^ ^ ^ 1 1 s 31 6 23 ,-H ,-H IO 50 ■<*< | l ^ 1 1 1 1 1 CO CM CO 1 1 1 1 till till | ” I 05 rH Public GO 307 a 04 CM rH ^ *0 a i-H 05 00 00 CO HNUJOl® 1 CO — i co hh h* •*< to ia 1 ^ ^ coo r-H Nonpublic schools i Secondary - 3,331 o> S3 CO CM O O* cm 710 tO 00 CO CM ^ COrtW 645 CO r-H O (M CO *0 ^ 05 t'- 00 423 T? CM CO CM CO 00 r-H CO 05 CM CM ^ CO 008 11 60 56 Elementary - 10, 375 894 05 CO O ■*« CO 05 00 CO CO cm 0005 2,404 1, 074 403 927 2,792 HdT^lOO I O rH CO 40 CO CO CO 00 ‘O *C 05 05 *0 !>• 05 ^ CO 05 ^ lO ^h CO CO CO CO CM CM ji 28 172 66 Public elementary and secondary schools Secondary s 1 w 1,063 CM ^ 00 00 oooo^cooj 2,402 1, 009 268 1, 125 4,171 1, 199 831 942 697 502 4,222 ONHNC5CMO conioooo»ooo i0 05N^ CMiOCO 3,895 CM CM CO to r-H CO CM *0 Elementary 1-teacher schools - CO § CO Tt< 00 05 CO CM ^ T* 3,393 1, 121 58 2, 214 9, 749 hiOONCO rf NNO^O CO CO CO 05 ^ cmcmco 24, 600 00 CO 00 »-l *0 05 CO rt< oo co oo 05 05HNCOONCD CO~ ^ CO CM CO ^ CM 6,492 45 127 985 Total eo e* 1 crT 5,399 CO CO O CO O 05 r* ^ 00 CO CO 13, 965 5, 927 1,528 6,510 18, 784 3, 074 * 2, 271 3, 470 3. 969 6,000 32, 697 CM CO CM r-H r-H O 00 CMNON05CON rH CO CO X CO 00 N *0 CO CO CM CO ^ CO 18,580 $82 hH 00 00 e* Ultimate or basic administra¬ tive units 83,237 CM QO Hr^OiOCON rHOUNCO r-H 7, 012 3,929 559 2,524 18, 155 1,509 1, 056 4, 880 « 4, 918 5, 792 35, 718 co cm co o h 05 r>- HiONiOOCOiO rH co CM CM ^ CM t>T «*T CO CM CO co *o 00 8 CM 17 24 127 State, by Region - Continental United States - New England _ _ Maine. . . . - . New Hampshire - - - Vermont . . . . . Massachusetts _ _ Rhode Island _ _ _ _ .. Connecticut . . . Middle Atlantic . . . New York. . . New Jersey. . . . Pennsylvania . . East North Central . . . Ohio.... _ _ _ Indiana _ _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ _ Wisconsin . . . West North Central . . . . Minnesota . . . . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ Missouri . . . . . North Dakota _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ Nebraska . . Kansas . . . South Atlantic . . . . Delaware . . . Maryland . . . . . Virginia . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 5 c* © ©coco © JqCOiHfHrH 1 § ojrj jo c l S h* 00 H* TH © © 8 © rH CO i i i i 1 i i ii CO © i i hooion o* to i-H^- © © 733 59 238 82 354 262 ©©t^CO©©© CS nr . t>- © ^ © GO CO CO © ’’tf* oc 2,448 639 488 740 681 3,783 583 541 998 1,661 1, 174 CNhNNiOOh 1,384 t>. rH © © Tt< co II 11 25 327 2 © co © © i © © i-H © t>- 1 COCO©COO< 1 cs tH : 7,406 3, 127 1,747 814 1.778 2, 984 682 536 1, 188 578 2,564 C rH Tf (N Tf rH 1C © © ©co cs © co © OOi-Hh^i © CS 166 -Not) NUJ- hW<» 44 14 1 12 950 C^CSOOCOrH cs © CO © © © 00 OJ 1-1 ^ i-H *^cs co co i-T 16, 346 00 © 1-1 00 NTJ- (N Ci © co e* © ^ co ^ III ‘II 1, 983 1,561 1,846 5, 721 5,602 1-H CO © rH © © © © © . i iON©ON 1-1 IONIOOOO H»OH 4, 166 237 148 108 3, 673 5, 988 421 67 2,176 3, 324 4, 657 rH©©CON^©tO r-H 00 rH fH C*5 O N it 05 © CO 00 CO © i-H CS 1-H 1-H 591 1,179 2,381 j | fc-rH-H West Virginia . North Carolina . South Carolina . . . . Georgia. . . . . . . . Florida... . . . . District of Columbia . st South Central... . . Kentucky . . . Tennessee . . . . . . Alabama . . Mississippi . . . est South Central . . Arkansas . . . Louisiana _ _ _ _ Oklahoma . Texas _ _ _ _ _ _ 3UNTAIN . . . Montana . . . Idaho . . Wyoming . . . . . _ ^oioraao... _ _ _ ... ... New Mexico . . . Arizona . . . . . . Utah . . . . Nevada _ _ _ _ CIFIC-. _ _ _ _ _ _ Washington . . Oregon . . . . . . California _ _ _ _ S. Service Academies _ _ _ ut lying parts of the United States iska . . . . . aerican Samoa . i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii i iii ■ iii i iii l » ' CO i is| ! ; is! :R : isi IS is fcM T oTT H»O^H s|ss rig a a gqhhgqc a . Q kOS S-«fi S' u o >0:3 T3 3 SZ iS »ZT • • c3 Si'S K S ts g o g o3 ca ST! Bn a -•1- Table 3. —Enrollment in full-time day schools , by' level of instruction and type of control: 1949-50 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 en § € w Female 0 2,091, 039 1,707,901 1,344,713 * 64, 589 283 1, 272, 936 4.245 2, 660 363, 188 355, 502 7,221 465 383, 138 7.698 350. 575 24. 865 TJ »* r* oT 1, 034, 203 3,885 18, 370. 490 27, 332 41. 781 CO GO CO r* 5, 706, 734 16, 743 8,366 Cf ® Oft ITS CO 200. 611 965, 257 189, 034 36,703 1 All schools 1 Female 14,933,868 CO CO OJ eo 0 10,763,156 566, 828 2, 206 10,157, 417 17. 876 18, 829 3,269,511 3, 250. 249 15. 634 3, 628 805,953 96.906 622. 715 86. 332 18. 168 * 77, 080 Male eo 16,468, 183 GO GO 0» Oft rs go o? 600, 375 2,2.53 10, 787. 850 17, 806 30. 065 CO r* eo 3, 128, 847 22, 528 6,156 1 1,853,068 116, 321 1, 579, 000 157, 747 18, 535 *700 Total N WS O W O eo 28,628,547 0 0 £ 1, 167, 203 4, 459 20, 945, 267 35, 682 48, 894 Of o Of 6, 379, 096 38, 162 9,784 ® Oft* •to CO N 213, 227 2,201, 715 244. 079 36, 703 » 77, 780 § s CO O CD Qi & >» 0 O O H CO & *o > a - Continental United States . . Total elementary and secondary schools . Total elementary schools. . Kindergarten. . . . . Kindergartens in residential schools for exceptional children1 - Elementary schools (including grades 7-8 in junior high schools). Elementary grades in college elementary schools - - - Elementary grades in residential schools for exceptional children «.J Total secondary schools (pupils above 8th grade) . Secondary (high schools and academies) . . Secondary grades in college secondary schools. ... - .. - Secondary grades in residential schools for exceptional children 4. Total higher education . Independent teachers colleges . . . Universities, colleges, and independent professional schools - Junior colleges and normal schools . Federal schools for Indians . . . . . Schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities — Ja'S n~.W m o •§i M Q. 3 O aem «! IB . 0^93 tn . a> .£ 3 cJ tn fl eo O Soi g.gl fc a>.2 sll 1“§ *3® M 5PQ Table 4. — Enrollment in full-time day schools , by level of instruction and type of control: 1899-1900 to 1949-50 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 1949-50 OS US s S rf c* 1, 034. 203 * 133, 000 • 4. 459 18, 370, 490 2, 574, 777 35,682 « 48. 894 O t'** C* CD 6, 706. 734 672, 362 38. 162 • 9. 784 © © us CD N 1, 354, 902 1, 304, 119 1947-48 00 20,828,958 988, 680 182, 000 • 4, 459 17,302, 547 2, 269, 430 32, 948 « 48. 894 00 ;d us © CD* 6, 653, 305 602, 484 39. 595 • 9. 784 N i ~ D* CD CD esT 1, 326, 147 1, 290, 115 1943-44 p» 19, 891, 031 697, 468 * 57. 341 * 5, 777 17, 015, 628 2, 012, 989 46. 474 a 55. 954 6,030,617 5, 553, 520 420,961 46, 409 * 9, 727 1 ** e* 3 571, 406 583, 866 1939-40 CD us us CD CD O s 694, 647 67, 341 6,777 18. 237, 451 2, 095. 938 59, 547 65. 954 7,123,009 6, 601, 444 457, 768 64, 070 9, 727 1,494,203 796, 531 697, 672 1929-30 CD r» §3 723, 443 64, 456 • 5,164 20. 555, 150 2, 255, 430 (4) • 124, 153 us US C* o 00 V 4, 399, 422 * 341, 158 59, 287 » 4. 388 1, 100,737 Sg CO o •O US o o 1919-20 - N N r» « CD C5 o N 481. 266 29,683 (4) 18, 897. 661 1, 455, 878 0) » 99. 234 2,500,176 2, 200, 389 213, 920 81, 367 * 4, 500 597, 880 (M OO 00 05 CO ^ UD cT 00 CO 1909-10 w 18,528, 535 > 293. 970 i 52, 219 (4) 16, 604, 821 1, 506, 218 (4) 71, 307 1,115,398 915, 061 117, 400 78, 932 4, 005 US 5 us* • O co S3 iO o §8 1899-1900 N CD GC CD e* CD* 131. 657 93, 737 (4) 14, 852, 202 1, 147, 188 (4) 37. 062 699, 403 619, 251 110, 797 65, 855 3.500 © us S3 10 90. 689 io 146, 903 Level of instruction, by type of school - Total elementary schools . . . - Kindergartens: Public . . Nonpublic . . Residential schools for exceptional children . Elementary schools: Public . Nonpublic . . . - . Elementary grades in college and teacher- training ele¬ mentary schools . Residential schools for exceptional children . Total secondary schools . . . . . . . Public high schools8 . . . Nonpublic high schools. . . . . - . Secondary grades in college and teacher-training secondary schools . . . Residential schools for exceptional children . Total higher education . . . . J •c "c c g > jc 2 & Privately controlled . . . . . a co 55® sl 2g . K CO §3 ° .a 3 ® s ss g PQ • cJ 53 OQ ”3 •o2 x O - OQ 0.3 - oca Pi. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 5. — Percent of civilian population in publicly or privately controlled day schools or colleges , by age , sex , and urban or rural residence: October 1949 1 Age in years United States total Urban Rural- Rural farm Total Male Female nonfarm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total . . 43.9 47.3 40.6 41.2 45.4 49.6 fii . . 55. 1 56.8 53.3 75.5 34.9 31.4 6i . . . . 96.2 96.6 95.8 98.5 95.2 92.3 7-9 . . . . 98.5 98.5 98.5 99.5 99.3 95.5 10-13 _ _ _ _ 98.7 98.6 98.8 99.6 99.4 96.1 14-15 . — . . . 93.5 93.9 93. 1 96.5 94.7 87. 1 16-17 . . 69.5 70.8 68.2 73.3 68.3 62.6 18-19 . . 25.3 31.6 19.9 28. 1 24.2 17.9 20-24 _ _ _ 9.2 15.4 3.7 10.8 8.3 4.2 26-29 . . . 3.8 6.8 1.1 4. 1 4.7 30-34 . . . . . 1.1 1.9 0.4 0.9 1.9 o!6 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 30, with adjustments made in 6- and 6-year olds to include kindergartens. Table 6. — Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade of public and nonpublic schools in the years indicated , by grade or year Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in— Grade or year 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Elementary schools: Fifth i . . 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Sixth . . . 943 929 935 944 953 946 954 954 955 963 968 952 954 Seventh . . 872 884 889 895 892 889 895 901 908 916 910 905 909 Eighth. . . 824 818 831 836 842 839 849 850 853 846 836 834 847 High schools: I. _ _ 770 780 786 792 803 814 839 811 796 781 781 789 807 II... . . . . 652 651 664 688 711 725 704 679 655 673 697 698 713 III.... . . . . 529 546 570 594 610 587 554 519 532 552 566 581 604 IV . . 463 481 510 489 512 466 425 428 444 476 507 514 533 Graduates. . 417 432 455 462 467 439 393 398 419 450 481 488 505 Year of graduation.. 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 Colleges: I . . 148 154 160 142 129 119 121 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 225 Graduates . . 69 69 47 49 51 (2) (2) (2) (2) Year of graduation.. 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 i Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. 3 Lack of detailed information regarding veteran students makes impossible the calculation of retention rates. Teachers Almost a million and a quarter (1,243,000) men and women were teaching in public and nonpublic schools of the Nation (from kindergarten through higher education) in 1949-50 (table 7). This number is an in¬ crease of 86,000, or 7 percent, over 1947-48: 18 percent for men, and 3 percent for women. In 1949-50 men constituted 30 percent of the teaching staff, and in 1947-48, 27 percent. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION "co to y> to .2 OjPcQOQca ■g a *9 & g ‘g.S . 1 m & 0^3 a , 2§ 3i 9 03 O %§ f°S .,SaH « ~ © « ® °sl ® g © .s ® o *2 O o o « o_ J Q^QgQgm - o" a a1 x" O' 9 241983—5! 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Sources of Income The total revenue receipts for education, both public and private, at all levels, were $8,200,000,000 in 1949-50 (table 8): $6,600,000,000, or 80 percent of the total, was for publicly controlled, and $1,600,000,000, or 20 percent, for privately controlled education. The percentages received from the following sources were: Government appropriations and taxation, 81 percent; student fees, 5; private benefactions, 1; and other sources, 13. Pubhcly controlled education received 98 percent of its income from governmental sources (Federal, State or local), while privately controlled education received only 19 percent from public sources. This 19 percent was received almost entirely by institutions of higher education, and a large part of it was for the education of veterans. Table 8. — Sources of income for publicly and privately controlled education: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] Source Total Elementary and secondary education 1 Institutions of higher education 2 Residential schools for exceptional children 3 1 2 3 4 5 Grand total . .. _ _ _ 8,213,342 6, 220, 012 1, 833, 848 159,484 Publicly controlled _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 6, 557, 321 5, 437, 045 4 979, 705 140, 571 Total government _ _ 6, 345, 506 5, 436, 924 770, 339 138, 243 Federal _ _ _ _ _ _ 421, 660 2, 748, 071 3, 175, 775 155, 849 2, 165, 689 3, 115, 386 246, 059 463, 891 60, 389 4 19, 752 118, 491 State County, city, or district _ _ _ _ _ Student fees--. _ _ _ . 102, 163 19, 495 90, 157 102, 163 19,374 87, 829 (9) (®) 2,328 Private benefactions _ _ __ 121 Other sources _ _ _ _ . . - _ _ Privately controlled-. _ 7 1, 656, 021 8 782, 967 • 854, 141 7 18, 913 Total government _ _ 317, 373 307, 316 10, 057 Federal _ _ _ _ 278, 260 37, 802 1, 311 278, 260 27, 745 1,311 State _ _ . _ _ 10, 057 County, city, or district _ Student fees _ _ ... 292, 447 99, 253 946, 305 292, 447 99, 253 155, 125 (•) (") 8, 213 Private benefactions _ Other sources _ _ 8 782, 967 1 Revenue receipts only; does not include $963,978,000 nonrevenue receipts for public elementary and secondary education. 2 Educational and general income only. * 1939-40 data adjusted for estimated increases in expenditures. 4 Does not include $246,754,000 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, $12,487,000 for other noneducational expenditures, $4,908,000 for private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds, and $399,990,000 for plant expansion. 4 Federal Indian schools. • Not reported separately. 7 Includes $643,000 undistributed by source. * Estimated. • Does not include $264,510,000 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, $17,048,000 for other noneducational expenditures, $61,942,000 for private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds, and $128,758,000 for plant expansion. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 Nonrevenue receipts from loans or from the sale of bonds or property (in public elementary and secondary schools), or receipts for plant ex¬ pansion or auxihary enterprises, etc. (in the field of higher education) were not included in table 8. Together the excluded income items would total about 2 billion dollars. Expenditures Total expenditures (including interest and capital outlay) for education in continental United States in 1949-50 were $8.8 billion, of which $7.1 billion was for publicly controlled and $1.7 for privately controlled education (table 9). Approximately three -fourths of the total expenditure was for elementary and secondary education, while one -fourth was for higher education. Table 9. — Expenditures , including capital outlay , for publicly and privately controlled education: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] Schools Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Continental United States _ . . 8, 795, 635 7,056, 796 1,738,839 Elementary schools _ 4, 992, 967 1, 627, 643 2, 123, 275 32, 387 19,363 i 4, 381, 555 i 1, 456, 088 1, 174, 125 25, 665 19, 363 2 611,412 * 171, 555 949, 150 6, 722 Secondary schools _ _ _ _ _ _ Higher education (including non collegiate departments) 3 _ Residential schools for exceptional children _ Federal schools for Indians _ _ 1 Distribution between elementary and secondary schools estimated on basis of a relationship of 1 to 1.13 between elementary and secondary costs. * Estimated on basis of cost per pupil in public schools. * Does not include $235,513,000 public, and $240,888,000 private, and $476,401,000 total expenditure for “auxiliary enterprises” and $19,961,000 public, $42,855,000 private, and $62,816,000 total expenditure for “other noneducational expenditures.” * State and private residential schools for delinquents, blind, deaf, and mentally deficient children. The 1939-40 expenditures have been increased by the percentage increase in public elementary and secondary school expenditures. Federal Government Funds for Education There has been a continuing demand for data on Federal expenditures for education. Since Federal funds are administered by a number of Federal offices, the Office of Education began in 1935 to issue bulletins bringing together from all available sources the total Federal expenditures for educational purposes. Table 10 summarizes data taken from Bulletin 1950 No. 3, Federal Government Funds for Education, 1948-49 and 1949-50. A total of $3.3 billion was received from Federal sources during the year 1949-50 for the purposes specified in the table. The educational programs of the Veterans Administration accounted for 87 percent of the total. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 10. — Summary of Federal government funds for education: 1949-50 1 Administering agency and purpose Amount Total _ _ _ _ $3, 281, 746, 417 Federal Security Agency _ 188, 308, 698 Office of Education _ 157, 821, 398 Administration _ 1, 941, 600 Land-grant colleges - 5, 030, 000 Vocational education below college grade _ 27, 127, 882 Agriculture - 9, 947, 537 Trade and industry _ 8, 715, 766 Home economics _ 5, 555, 324 Distributive occupations _ 1, 794, 499 Teacher training _ 1, 114, 756 Assistance to federally affected areas _ 6, 737, 223 Surplus property transferred to educational institutions. 116, 984, 693 Donable personal property (acquisition value) _ 110, 306, 652 Real property (fair value of transfers) _ 6, 678, 041 Vocational rehabilitation _ 20, 500, 000 Columbia Institute for the Deaf _ 353, 800 American Printing House for the Blind _ 125, 000 Howard University _ 9, 508, 500 Department of Agriculture _ 163, 579, 836 Agricultural experiment stations _ 11, 006, 208 Cooperative agricultural extension work - 32, 159, 840 Revenue from national forests 2 _ 7, 814, 075 School lunch program _ 112, 599, 713 Cash distribution _ 64, 625, 000 Commodity distribution _ 47, 974, 713 Veterans Administration _ 2, 868, 020, 239 Vocational rehabilitation of veterans (Public Law 16): Tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials _ 58, 676, 346 Subsistence allowance _ 213, 615, 520 Education and training of veterans (Public Law 346): Tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials _ 766, 616, 410 Subsistence allowance _ 1, 829, 111, 963 1 Source: Bulletin 1950, No. 3, Federal Government Funds for Education, 1948-49 and 1949-50 supplemented by some 1949-50 data which were not available at the time the Bulletin was published. * Twenty-five percent of the annual National forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the State in which the reserve is located for the benefit of public schools and public roads. In the specific counties in which the forest reserves are located. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 13 Table 10. — Summary of Federal Government funds for education: 1949-1950 1 — Continued Administering agency and purpose Amount Department of Commerce: The Maritime Commission _ $6, 755, 004 Federal merchant marine _ 3, 288, 518 State maritime academies _ 1, 053, 492 Training of unlicensed merchant marine personnel _ 767, 257 Upgrading of licensed and unlicensed merchant marine personnel _ 1, 645, 737 Department of Defense _ 16, 159, 610 U. S. Military Academy _ 5, 041, 808 U. S. Naval Academy _ 5, 492, 200 Academic training of military personnel at civilian institu¬ tions _ 2, 216, 538 College and graduate training of Naval Research personnel. 3, 409, 064 Department of the Interior _ 32, 436, 627 Education programs for Indians in the U. S _ 19, 362, 756 Education of natives in Alaska _ 1, 929, 940 Education in the Virgin Islands - 11, 826 School assistance at Federal reclamation projects _ 265, 115 Revenue from grazing lands 3 - 297, 986 Revenue from mineral lands 4 _ 10, 569, 004 Department of the Treasury _ 2, 046, 247 Education of Coast Guard personnel: Coast Guard Academies _ 2, 014, 047 Tuition at specific institutions of higher education _ 32, 200 District of Columbia _ 1, 982, 045 Federal contribution toward public education 5 _ 1, 974, 000 National Training School for Girls (Federal contribution estimated at 11.5 percent of $69,956 total) _ 8, 045 National Training School for Boys 8 _ - Canal Zone: Public education _ _ _ 1,631,040 General Services Administration (Veterans’ Educational Facilities Program): Fair value of equipment furnished to educational institu¬ tions _ 827, 071 1 See footnote 1 on p. 12. * Fifty percent of the receipts from each of the National grazing districts is paid to the State in which the grazing land is located, for the benefit of the subdivisions having such grazing lands within their areas. In addition, 25 percent of the receipts from each grazing district located on Indian land ceded to the United States for disposition under the public-land laws is paid to the State in which such land is located, for the benefit of county schools and county roads of the respective counties. 4 Thirty-seven and one-half percent of the receipts from rentals, royalties, and bonuses from mineral lands in the public domain is paid to the States in which such mineral lands are located, to be used for public roads, public schools, or other public educational institutions. * Data from Chapter 2, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1948-60. * Data not available. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Public Library Systems Table 11 presents selected annual statistics for public library systems in cities of 100,000 population or more, from 1945 to 1950. During that period the number of volumes in these large city library systems increased 12 percent; the number of registered borrowers increased 14 percent; and the circulation increased 8 percent. Table 11. — Selected statistics for public library systems in cities of 50,000 population or more, for specified years Year Number cf volumes end of year Number of registered borrowers Circulation Expenditures (excluding cap¬ ital outlay) 1 2 3 4 5 1945 _ _ _ In cities with populations of 100,000 or more > 42, 099, 905 43, 152, 877 44, 470, 573 45, 142, 081 46, 304, 469 47, 046, 744 8, 080, 741 8, 568, 678 8, 662. 725 9, 011, 703 9, 239, 910 9, 213, 589 127, 872, 431 132, 232, 436 133, 241, 491 133, 283, 304 138, 877, 635 138, 534, 251 $31, 686, 929 34, 721, 097 39, 797, 351 45, 205, 592 51, 133, 225 54, 918, 400 1946 _ _ _ 1947 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1948 _ 1949 ... _ _ _ 1950 _ _ _ 1950 . . In cities with populations of 50,000 to 99,999 2 11, 580, 364 2, 202, 414 35, 786, 707 * $9, 027, 578 i 1940 U. S. Census. * 1950 U. S. Census. s Excludes Chester, Pa.; financial data not reported. Per capita data comparing selected library statistics in cities of 100,000 population or more with those in cities of 50,000 to 99,999 population (table 12) indicate that in 1950 the smaller city library systems averaged more volumes and circulated more volumes per capita than the large city library systems, and at a slightly lower per capita expenditure. Table 12. — Comparison of per capita figures for public library systems in cities of 100,000 or more population with those of 50,000 to 99,999 population: 1950 Population group Total popula¬ tion Number of volumes per capita Annual num¬ ber of volumes circulated per capita Annual ex¬ penditures (excluding cap¬ ital outlay) per capita 1 2 3 4 5 100,000 or more . . 44, 087, 451 7, 969, 147 1. 07 3. 14 $1.25 50,000 to 99,999 _ _ 1.45 4.49 11.14 1 Excludes Chester, Pa.; financial data not reported. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 Elementary and Secondary Education Enrollments In 1949-50 public elementary and secondary schools enrolled 25,411,000 pupils (81.6 percent of the population 5-17 years of age). Secondary grades 9-12 enrolled 5,707,000, or 22.7 percent of the total (table 13). In 1899-1900 there were 15,503,000 pupils enrolled in these schools (72.4 percent of the population 5-17), and only 3.3 percent of the total were enrolled in secondary grades. Table 14 gives enrollment data by grade from 1938-39 to 1949-50. Seventy-seven of each 100 persons of high-school age (14-17 years) were enrolled in public or nonpublic secondary schools (grades 9-12) in 1949-50 (table 16). Each decade since 1890 has shown an increase in the percentage of high-school age pupils enrolled in school, as follows: 1889- 1890, 7 percent; 1899-1900, 11; 1909-10, 15; 1919-20, 32; 1929-30, 51; 1939-40, 73; and 1949-50, 77. The holding power of the high school reached its highest point in 1949-50. Since 1940-41 retention rates have increased each year, from 46.9 percent in 1940-41 to 62.5 percent in 1949-50 (table 17). Offerings and Registrations in High-School Subjects Table 18 presents data on number and percentage of pupils enrolled in specified subjects in the last 4 years of public high schools from 1889-90 to 1948-49. While care has been exercised in the preparation of this table to preserve historical values, caution must be exercised to avoid inaccurate conclusions. Thus, subjects which have retained the same title over the years may differ in content, in emphasis, in method of instruction, and in integration with other subjects; or a new subject may differ only slightly from a previous subject of a different name. High-School Graduates Since 1939-40 more than a million persons have been graduated from public and nonpublic high schools each year (table 19). The proportion of the population 17 years old graduating from high school ranged from 2 percent in 1869-70, when statistics were first published by the Office of Education, to 59 percent in 1949-50. It should be remembered that the function of the high school in the earlier years was mainly college-prepar¬ atory. Even in 1929-30, only 29 percent of the 17-year-olds were grad¬ uated from high school. By 1939-40 the percent had risen to 51. There was a decrease during the war years 1942-46, but since 1947-48 the trend has again been upward. Table 13. — Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools: 1870-1950 [I. General Statistics and II. Financial Statistics given in thousands] 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 1949-50 2 151, 240 30, 788 25,111 5, 707 22, 284 3, 964. 354 s j| oyo, oo^ $35, 019 2, 905, 561 2, 122, 763 378,661 5,442,004 1, 014, 176 2, 999,947 1,823, 520 31 8 US 1947-48 2 146, 113 30, 171 23, 945 5, 653 20, 910 3, 713, 333 11 1 j? 1 c is Liz,, /to $40,405 2, 359, 359 1,645,336 266, 434 4,311,534 412,467 2,480,583 1,418,126 4,311,176 | 1943-44 ® 138, 083 28, 930 23, 267 5, 554 19, 603 3, 440, 877 s s; ! ! 1 Ills i am i ~ g 1 ** 53,856 1,551,276 847, 449 § t\ e* 1939-40 131, 892 29, 805 25, 434 6,601 22, 042 3, 858, 012 sS IS: S uou, no $23, 104 1, 490, 425 658, 983 88, 015 S 1 e» 257, 974 1, 369, 510 716, 565 i s' ct 1 1929-30 GO 122, 775 31, 571 25, 678 4,399 21, 265 3, 672, 765 sc 1 §s i I Sill 5 HP, i § i e* 370, 878 1,295,201 650, 711 2,316,790 1919-20 105, 711 27, 729 21, 578 2, 200 16, 150 2,615, 161 *8 I ~ I £ : 1111 1 $SfS* i S s' 153, 543 613, 405 269, 204 1,036,151 o I » 91, 972 24, 240 17,814 3 915 12, 827 2, 011,477 oro u if i i 8983 r H 490 ‘m 69, 978 253, 915 102, 357 3l 5 1899-1900 75,603 21, 404 15, 503 *519 10, 633 1, 534,823 Si 8 If | $9, 152 149, 487 37,887 23, 240 s s' 35,451 137, 688 41, 826 214, 965 1889-90 62,622 18, 543 12, 723 * 203 8,154 1,098,233 SI I if c $7, 745 97, 222 26, 345 11, 882 1 i 26, 207 91,836 22,463 si s’ | 1879-80 eo 50, 156 15, 066 9, 867 3 110 6, 144 800, 720 ss 9 S£ ; i i : i l Nil | i 1 | 1 i i i s e* llafsl ssa'”'" eg I } i i i i [ mi : i i 1 | § tf 1 - I. General Statistics Total population « . . . Children 5-17 years of age (inclusive) 1 . ... . Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) . __ . Pupils enrolled in public high schools _ _ _ Average daily attendance.. .. _ _ _ _ _ Total number of days attended by all pupils . . . Men teachers.. _ _ _ _ _ Women teachers _ _ _ _ Total teachers... . Number of schoolhouses . . . . . II. Financial Statistics Revenue receipts: From income of permanent funds and lands From county and local taxes and appropriations _ From State taxes and appropriations . . . From all other sources . . !{ If I! i i** W For all other purposes . Total . . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 Table 14. — Enrollment , by grade , in full-time public day schools, for specified years 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 1949-50 CO r» N W 19, 404, 693 5, 706, 734 1, 034, 203 3, 170, 343 2, 644, 707 2, 395, 904 2, 254, 028 2, 150, 678 2, 055, 741 1, 947, 227 1, 751, 862 1, 756, 303 1, 511, 906 1, 273, 826 3 1, 122, 872 41,827 100.0 ^(NdosoioOodNNNdo^ 05 i 05 52 QO CD CD w 18, 818, 254 5, 658, 404 1, 016, 186 3, 067, 375 2, 502, 828 2, 314, 645 2, 220, 554 2, 088, 826 1, 994, 735 1, 919, 462 1, 663, 643 1, 708, 838 1, 499, 477 3 1, 267, 483 1, 126, 022 56, 584 0*001 NiONUDHiONOOOiOHWCON Tj4oioa>a)o6o6r^cdt^cd»d^ 1947-48 a D* CO »o 05 CO N 18, 291, 227 5, 653, 305 988, 680 2, 951, 300 2, 363, 477 2, 258, 858 2, 183, 171 2, 055, 115 1, 939, 500 1, 897, 740 Hi, 653, 386 1, 672, 920 3 1, 502, 743 1, 271, 645 1, 130, 805 75, 192 100.0 HC00i»0Ht0H0J05OC0C0NC0 ^(M’oOJOiOOQdl^cdt^CDid^ 2 194&-47 o 23, 659, 158 17,821,481 5, 837, 677 872, 835 2, 896, 451 2, 319, 772 2, 204, 573 2, 119, 377 2, 012, 212 1, 907, 319 Hi, 850, 394 1, 638, 548 3 1, 761, 020 1, 583, 245 1, 308, 592 1, 119, 968 64, 852 100.0 ^c^ooeoo*CT-iooo»ot^fcor^oo cd oo oo cd »d ^ T 05 CO QO r* w w CO Ci 17, 665, 594 5, 560, 190 733, 974 2, 881, 849 2, 265, 796 2, 173, 078 2, 083, 552 H2, 007, 988 1, 950, 624 3 1, 897, 743 1, 670, 990 1, 742, 873 1, 529, 857 1, 236, 883 1, 015, 959 34, 618 0*001 a> 05 oo oo od cd »d ^ T CO o CD o' CD w CO d* 17,713,096 5, 553, 520 697, 468 2, 878, 843 2, 220, 739 2, 162, 878 2, 079, 788 2, 016, 635 3 1, 997, 806 1, 964, 997 1, 693, 942 1, 774, 593 1, 519, 638 1, 230, 168 1, 009, 611 19, 510 100.0 o^*oeooii^coiacoco*ococorH cd cd‘d'^ Item - Total enrollment— Elementary grades _ Secondary grades _ Number in each grade: Kindergarten _ First _ _ _ Second _ Third _ Fourth . . 1 Fifth. . 1 Sixth. . . . I Seventh . . . Eighth. . . . . First year high school _ Second year high school _ Third year high school. . Fourth year high school . Postgraduate . . . Percent in each grade: Total . . . Kindergarten _ First. . . Second . . Third. . Fourth . . Fifth . . . Sixth.— . . Seventh _ _ Eighth... . First year high school . Second year high school _ Third year high school _ Fourth year high school . Postgraduate . | 1 I CO S O c s STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 19 Table 15. — Total public and nonpublic elementary school enrollment, and population 5-13 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 Year Enrollment, grades K to 8, inclusive Population, 5-13 1 years of age Number 1 Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 Number Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 i 2 3 4 5 1889-90 . - . - . - . 14, 195, 143 13, 188, 548 1899-1900 . . 16, 261. 846 14.6 15, 385, 793 16.7 1909-10 . - . 18. 528, 535 30.5 17, 019, 650 29.0 1919-20- . - . - - - 20, 963, 722 47.7 19, 992, 947 51.6 1929-30. . 23, 717, 796 67.1 22, 230, 101 68.6 1939-10 . - . - . 21, 106, 655 48.7 20, 024, 827 51.8 1941-42 . . . . 20, 418, 231 43.8 * 19, 635, 847 48.9 1943-44 . . . . . 19, 891, 631 40.1 * 19, 649, 727 49.0 1945-46 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20,051,408 41.3 * 20, 040. 873 62.0 1947-48 . 20, 828, 958 46.7 * 21, 603, 029 63.8 1949-50 . 22, 201, 505 56.4 22, 179, 756 68.2 i TJ. S. Bureau of the Census data. J Includes pupils in elementary grades of schools operated by teacher-training institutions of higher educa¬ tion, and pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. * Estimated. Table 16.— -Total public and nonpublic secondary school enrollment , and population 14-17 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 Year Enrollment, grades 9-12, and postgraduate Population, 14-17 1 years of age Number enrolled per 100 population, 14-17 years of age Number * Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-1890 . . . . 359, 949 5, 354, 653 6.7 1899-1900 _ _ _ _ _ 699. 403 94.3 6, 152, 231 14 9 11.4 1909-1910. . . . . . . 1, 115, 398 209.9 7, 220, 298 34.8 15.4 1919-1920. . . . . . 2, 500, 176 594.6 7, 735, 841 44.5 32.3 1929-1930 . - . 4, 804, 255 1, 234. 7 9, 341, 221 74 5 51.4 1939-1940 . - . 7, 123, 009 1, 878. 9 9, 720, 419 81.5 73.3 1941-1942 . . . . . 6, 933, 265 1, 826. 2 3 9, 547, 713 78.3 72.6 1943-1944 . . . 6,030, 617 1, 575. 4 * 9, 280. 273 73.3 65.0 1945-1946-.-. . . . . . 6, 237, 133 1, 632. 8 » 8, 903. 074 66.3 70.1 1947-1948 . . . 6, 305, 168 1, 651. 7 * 8, 567, 971 60.0 73.6 1949-1950 . . . 6, 427, 042 1, 685. 5 8,404,757 57.0 76.5 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census data. 1 Includes pupils in secondary grades of schools operated by teacher-training institutions of higher educa¬ tion, subcollegiate students in preparatory departments of institutions of higher education, and high-school pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. * Estimated. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 17. — Number continuing through high school per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in public and nonpublic schools in the year indicated, by high-school year Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the first year in high schools in — High-school year 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1943- 44 1944- 45 1945- 46 1946- 47 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I. _ _ _ 1,000 1, 000 835 1, 000 1,000 868 1,000 1,000 891 1,000 838 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 II _ _ 847 845 885 837 822 862 892 885 884 III _ 687 700 725 751 760 721 660 640 668 707 725 736 748 IV _ _ _ 601 617 649 618 638 573 506 527 558 609 649 652 660 Graduates- . . Year of high-school 541 554 579 583 582 540 469 490 526 577 616 618 625 graduation _ 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 Consolidation and Transportation The number of public elementary and secondary school pupils trans¬ ported at pubhc expense and, in consequence, the expenditure for such transportation have been increasing each biennium (table 20). In 1949- 50 there were 31/2 times as many pupils transported at pubhc expense as there were in 1929-30. This increase is due to a large extent to the decrease in the number of 1 -teacher and other small schools by consoli¬ dation of schools and of administrative units. One-teacher schools have decreased in number from 149,300 in 1929-30 to 59,700 in 1949-50, a decrease of 60 percent (table 21). Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools amounted to $5.4 billion in 1949-50 (table 22). These receipts came from Federal, State, county, and local sources. In 1949-50 the proportion received from the several sources were: Federal, 3 percent; State, 40; county, 6; and local, 51. In 1929-30 the comparable percents were: 0.4; 16.9; 10.4; and 72.3. In analyzing the distribution of revenue receipts by source since 1929-30, it becomes evident that the receipts from Federal and State sources have increased, and that those from county and the local units have decreased. Expenditures of public elementary and secondary school systems are classified as follows: Current expenditures (comprising administration, instruction, operation, maintenance, auxiliary services, and fixed charges) ; capital outlay; interest; and summer and part-time adult schools. Table 23 presents data by the foregoing classifications for 1929-30, and bien¬ nially from 1939-40 to 1949-50. Per capita and per pupil expenditure data may he found in table 13. In order to make these data more meaningful, beginning in 1929-30 they are presented in two ways: adjusted for the purchasing power of the 1949-50 dollar, and unadjusted. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 Salaries of instructional staff (supervisors, principals, and teachers) amounted to $2,896,000,000 in 1949-50, or 62 percent of the total current expenditures in public elementary and secondary schools in 1949- 50. The average annual salary of the instructional staff was $3,010, an increase of 109 percent over the 1939-40 average salary of $1,441. When the purchasing power of the dollar is taken into consideration, the increase is only 24 percent, since the $1,441 average salary in 1939-40 was equivalent to $2,437 in 1949-50 dollars. The total investment (cost value) in the public-school plant (sites buildings, and equipment) in 1949-50 was $11.4 billion (table 24), or $511 for each pupil in average daily attendance (table 27). In addition, permanent school funds were valued at almost a billion dollars, and school lands, at half a billion. Selected data from ((Statistics of State School Systems 99 1 In general this summary presents data on a National basis, rather than State by State. There are some items, however, for which there are significant differences among the States. Items of this type have been selected from "Statistics of State School Systems” and presented in tables 26 and 27. The data are derived: i. e., they are either averages, such as average number of pupils enrolled per teacher, average annual salary of instructional staff, or average length of school term; or percent¬ ages, such as percent of pupils enrolled attending daily, percent of total number of pupils in secondary grades, percent of population 5-17 en¬ rolled in public schools, or percent of revenue receipts by source (Federal, State, county, or local); or annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, by type of expenditure. Federally Aided Vocational Education Enrollments in federally aided vocational classes of less-than-college grade, in the fields of agriculture, distributive occupations, home econ- mics, and trades and industry, numbered 3.4 million pupils in 1949-50 (tables 28 and 29). Federal allotments for these classes, provided by the Smith-Hughes and the George-Barden Acts, amounted to more than $27 million dollars; in addition, State and local funds amounted to $102 million dollars (table 30). The "Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1950” (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education) presents detailed enroll¬ ment and financial data by State and by field of study, for these voca¬ tional classes. 1 Chapter 2 of Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50. Washington, U. S.: Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1952. Table 18.— ‘Number and percentage of pupils enrolled in certain subjects in the last 4 years of public secondary day schools: 1889-90 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-5 0 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 co ono»oo^w cd id ^ 06 csi c4 r-J iA c* * i-i tj5 c© NOMN»C»20iOHOfC(N< »0 (NH O !*• 05 CO ^ CO 00 o 05 ^ OO CO N N s & s s s .9 •S2 Mbo r.9.g £5.9 "o 2 03 ■§82 §50 0 a° w •;? o o w.£ .£ SeS . ojOg S’§-|.9Tj,sw “« 'S£®'5'®''?"39aS^22 g g-g |5 § § § Sa a ® ® ® -3 .M ® ^ .9 .2 floes co O. a Cl “ o 9'o!£52®[9'‘^.200 »3o SSoUs'Soo OnpQHmPQnWOrtraOO 50 05 CO ol ■S'S. & ® »a 9 ^ »h 3 ftga © o '-*? M 3 tj a ® g 2 JS 3.2 3 3 5 ~~5.9 C3 O & S ■gerg *51 >>■£> ^ 3 5 ■ o a y big .2 3 S OO Tt< Jho 2s 9 “ ® © «• © g isg* o gs-ga XI 0-3 co O £ CD.® >>s bO ^'E,3^» U si'bS pq 0 g’g o .225 § 3 SI 11*3 I §S|i ,8 8f§ a-2 i*^s 3 C _. .2 X3 to ~b?g Eo 52 l— < g.2,2 _ to fe 25 3 OJ t-- d5‘3: Xi O M.HxJ a "9 is »g o 4* So® r—H C jZ,'-3rU ~©~u“oS 3o m Pk)QO(3 gw 0’s s t o « 1. a no *"*9 2 w .9 § 3 5w to 03 '^2 ®T3-^ 5“2 ^1° a-§ Us" 1 --o a 'a -j 9 3 ®s 1^ ®S 3 > o — - ® ® cs b N-sr&s I to O 3 3 c® a 3X3 a S3 a c> u 53 3-3 En £^® S§3g n® Sf 0 a ® 3 Sco 5 as w >1 cl >cx 2-^-1 prt'O O ^ C5 c3 >S% >!q 3.5 Si2 .2 .w !§ Wt3 5 § &1^1 111 5 Shill'S g| S & w O'rt “•S9^^^2g‘£<3 2X3 h >0 C h b2 asg«’§Si2 l!Ss£S3|82 2 o 3 >*25® “5 9 Q. c3 ^ ^ 0S.2 «a!| I..2 3 bS 02 1 1| I? ^li: P• Os CO CD 619 552 408 768 640 676 531 Expenditure of public funds for transporta¬ tion,* per pupil transported 10 $30. 88 38. 54 Tt< H o OJ »o lO f rt< CO »-H CM OO II C CD id l>! 00 id c CO ^ CO CO || c 09. 45. 48 34.28 35. 55 38. 72 25. 53 33. 35 54. 29 44. 64 69. 97 55. 09 cooioao*o*ot^ as oo o io h io co co’ cd cd a> os co CD ^ ^ CD CD CO r>. 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CM ! 1 CD .2 1.8 .1 .4 11.9 7.3 CM 00 05 CM f-H ID 05 n * id oo cd * State 3 39.8 riz GO CM *0 CD CM CD | i n co n 6 o co • CM CM CM CM CM < 35. 1 40.0 18.9 35.1 31.3 31.4 37.4 16.5 53.4 17.4 VLZ 36.3 19.1 38.9 27.0 12.1 6.2 24.0 Federal 2 05 w 1.8 ^ CO CO ^ CM CO CM* CO CO* f-H CM rH* 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 iO 00 CM CM lO ! HHHH CM* CM OONOCMOO'O CM* CM* CM CM* CM rH* rH State, by region 1 Continental United States. . New England . Maine . . . New Hampshire . . . Vermont . . . Massachusetts . . Rhode Island . . Connecticut . Middle Atlantic . New York . New Jersey . . . . Pennsylvania . . East North Central . . . Ohio . . . Indiana. . . Illinois . . . Michigan . . . Wisconsin . . West North Central . Minnesota . Iowa . . . Missouri. . North Dakota . South Dakota . . . Nebraska . Kansas. . _ _ _ _ _ ... 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District of Columbia . 1 till 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 till • 1 • 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 till 1 till 1 lilt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J till ij i i i i iiii <« IIII ^ IIII iiii 05 iiii p IIII £4 IIII H iiii ^ iiii iiii f* iiii r? IIII iiii o ! ! .* O : :j : g Ssss g s|b : E Ills g llJji jjj £ r, ® * ^>o ot«9 s o s 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III • ail • III : g ! : ' is 1 C3 : 50 :*s 1 Xi 02 s lei S POO u ■< Ph i ; oo : •e £ : 1 i e £ i *5 i r i s i ff :-l -iN s |”3 5 ag 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l v 1 1 T3 : B § i«g d2c ^ S'S es si EPh> ) : I : i 29 . o *0 m c « a* XI » s a ”§ Sol ii g «s fem £ ° s* 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of city school systems 3_. 3,141 89 249 726 902 1, 175 Number of schools _ 36, 466 12,369 5, 929 7,615 5,364 5,189 Staff (Number of positions): Administrative _ _ 5,579 1, 178 948 1, 106 1,052 1, 295 Instructional: Supervisors . 5, 823 1,935 1, 479 1, 523 593 293 Principals. . . . 20, 070 7, 849 3, 500 4, 022 2,549 2,150 Teachers and other 3 . 448, 171 181, 161 78, 865 86,285 54, 976 46, 884 Kindergarten (in¬ cluding nursery school) : Women . 14,342 7,395 2,280 2,385 1,274 1,008 Elementary: Men . . 19,011 7,227 2,837 3, 591 2,852 2,504 Women _ 224, 881 92, 192 39, 655 42, 731 27, 304 22. 999 Secondary: Men _ _ 78, 231 29, 531 13, 485 15, 750 10, 284 9, 181 Women . . 106, 525 41, 949 19, 552 20, 964 13,032 11,028 College (Junior, etc.): Men . . . 3, 424 2,078 623 504 111 108 Women _ 1, 757 789 433 360 119 56 Clerical: Administrative _ 13, 040 6, 547 2,018 2,431 1,081 963 Instructional _ 14, 350 8, 199 3,157 1,434 938 622 Enrollment . . . 12, 696, 724 5, 427, 182 2,112,295 2, 352, 285 1, 523, 095 1,281,867 Kindergarten (including nur¬ sery schools) . . . 801, 613 444, 692 123, 934 119, 130 63, 641 50, 216 Elementary _ 7, 394, 319 3, 049, 819 1, 225, 236 1, 375, 968 947, 134 796, 162 Secondary . . . 4, 329, 185 1, 813, 242 735, 281 839, 234 508, 533 432, 895 College (Junior, etc.) . . 171, 607 119, 429 27, 844 17, 953 3,787 2,594 Average daily attendance _ 11, 039, 945 4, 623, 163 1, 859, 880 2, 085, 589 1,339,399 1, 131, 914 Aggregate number of days at¬ tended... . . 2,002,707,581 855,750,709 335,335,123 370,390,160 239,327,333 201,904,256 Derived statistics: Number of pupils in average daily attendance per 24.6 25.5 23.5 24.2 24.4 24.1 teacher... . . . . Number of pupils enrolled 28.3 30.0 26.8 27.3 27.7 27.3 per teacher _ _ Percent of enrollment in aver¬ 87 85 88 89 88 88 age daily attendance ... ... Average number of days at¬ tended by each pupil 158 158 150 157 157 158 enrolled . . . . ... Average number of days 181 185 150 178 179 178 taught _ _ 1 The 1950 U. S. Census figures for population were not available for these 1949-50 tabulations. 3 The independent city school district is an independent governmental unit not to be confused with the unit of government for the municipality. Not all cities have independent school systems: some are adminis¬ tered as a part of a larger administrative unit, such as the county. The boundaries of an independent city school district may or may not be coterminus with those of the municipality. In some instances a munici¬ pality may contain two independent school district systems. * “Other” instructional staff includes librarians, psychologists, guidance and placement officers, test and measurement officers, study-hall teachers, visiting teachers, etc. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Table 32. — Comparative summary of fiscal da ta of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars J] City-size groups: Based on U. S. Census of 1940 * Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation Group III 10,000 to 29,999 pop¬ ulation Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation Group V 2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Receipts and Balances $2, 978, 898 $1, 372, 619 173, 657 $506, 918 93, 190 $516, 203 110,111 $303, 719 51,416 $279, 439 33, 496 Total nonrevenue receipts . . ' 46li 871 Balances from previous year . 764,627 302,867 150, 439 152, 576 87, 384 71,361 Grand total . . . 4, 205, 396 1, 849, 144 750, 546 778,891 442, 519 384,296 Expendittjbes Administration: Business . 40, 915 19, 052 7,150 7, 472 5,026 2, 215 Educational . 48, 269 18, 219 6, 092 8, 445 6, 967 8, 547 Total . . . 89,184 37,271 13,242 15,917 11,992 10, 762 Instruction (full-time day schools) : Salaries: Supervisors . . . . 27,826 10,831 6,974 6,471 2,321 1,229 Principals _ _ _ _ 99, 447 45, 169 17,425 17, 646 10, 671 8, 535 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff . . . 1, 540, 521 711, 425 271,670 267, 539 159,602 130, 284 Clerks _ _ _ 40,263 24, 926 6, 931 4,839 2,154 1, 413 Other (textbooks, supplies, school libraries, etc.) - 91,827 34, 277 16, 979 18,783 11,635 10, 153 Total . . 1, 799, 884 826, 629 319,980 315,278 186,383 151,614 Operation of school plant (janitor’s wages, fuel, light, etc.) ... _ 258,674 116, 390 47,297 46,814 26, 540 21,633 Maintenance of school plant (re¬ pairs and replacements) . . 129, 352 61,209 24,025 21, 762 12, 055 10,302 Auxiliary school services (health, school lunch, transportation, etc.). 102, 256 40,893 13, 306 18, 164 14,605 15,288 Fixed charges (rent, insurance, taxes, contributions to retire¬ ment funds, etc.) . . . 92,858 62, 175 8, 975 10, 199 6,264 5, 245 Current expenditures allocable to pupils in full-time day schools: Total _ _ 2,472,207 1, 144, 567 426,824 428, 132 257, 839 214,844 Per pupil ‘(dollars) . . 223.93 247. 57 229. 49 205.27 192. 50 189.81 Auxiliary community services * (public libraries, public recrea¬ tion, services to nonpublic schools, etc.) . . . 14,226 8,200 2,377 1,797 840 1, 012 Fixed charges (transfers, refunds, etc.) . . . . 14, 893 5, 217 2,862 3, 005 1, 555 2,254 Current expenditures not allocable to pupils . 29,118 13, 417 5, 239 4, 802 2, 395 3,266 Part-time education: Adult, Americanization, con¬ tinuation, etc . . . 39, 178 23,720 5,902 4, 042 2, 451 3,064 Summer schools (publicly sup¬ ported) . 4, 394 2,857 793 617 82 46 Total . . . 43,572 26, 577 6, 695 4,659 2,532 3,110 NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSN. LIBRARY uc.u i 3 i960 See footnotes at end of table. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 32. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public -school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 — Continued [Thousands of dollars J] City-size groups: Based on U. S. Census of 1940 * Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30.000 to 99,999 pop¬ ulation Group III 10,000 to 29,999 pop¬ ulation Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 pop¬ ulation Group V 2,500 to 4,999 pop¬ ulation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Expenditures— Continued Capital outlay: Sites, new buiidings, additions, etc _ _ _ New equipment— _ _ Total. _ _ _ _ Debt service from current funds (interest, retirement of bonds and loans, payments into sinking funds, etc.) - - - Grand total expenditures . Balances carried to following year.. Total expenditures and balances . . . 432, 916 60, 030 157, 429 16, 665 81, 572 12, 442 96, 583 14, 661 51, 182 8, 598 46, 151 7, 665 492, 946 174, 094 94, 014 111,244 59, 780 53,815 265, 997 145, 064 47, 342 35, 160 21, 775 16,657 3,303,841 901, 573 1,503,719 345, 425 580, 113 170, 433 583, 996 194, 913 344,321 98, 198 291, 692 92, 605 4,205,415 1,849,144 750,546 778,909 442, 519 384,296 •In average daily attendance. 1 Each figure has been independently rounded to the nearest thousand from figures computed to the last digit; hence, the sum of parts shown may differ slightly from the totals shown. 2 The 1950 U. S. Census population figures were not available for these 1949-50 tabulations. * Paid from school funds. Table 33. — Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 291 city school systems: 1949-50 1 Number of cities Expenditure per pupil Size of city Median Range Arithmetic mean 1 2 3 4 5 Group 1, 100,000 population or more _ 61 $226. 66 224.62 $121. 85-$326. 81 i $246. 71 Group II, 30,000 to 99,999 population _ _ 68 127. 27- 385. 33 221. 91 Group III, 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 82 198. 44 86. 03- 349. 36 206. 65 Group IV, 2,500 to 9,999 population _ 80 184. 54 75. 89- 407. 47 187. 24 1 Expenditure Per Pupil in City School Systems: 1949-50 (Office of Education Circular No. 292) * $221.82 excluding the 5 cities with population of 1,000,000 or more. Table 34. — Historical summary of higher education: 1889-90 to 1949-50 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 1949-50 210,349 157, 691 52, 658 N O «T ms CO ** 1,853, 068 805, 953 432, 058 328, 841 103, 217 58, 183 41, 220 16, 963 6, 633 5,990 643 $1, 833, 845 1, 706, 444 5, 272, 590 2, 644, 323 1947-48 * 196,300 143, 243 53, 057 g G© s 1,836, 339 779, 923 271,019 1 GO CO I MS CO ^ MS MS MS 1^05 o © ©a? 28, 899 13, 501 4, 188 3, 687 501 $1,538,076 1,391,694 3, 996, 000 2, 497, 727 1945-46 S N eo o el 93,876 42, 156 1, 676, 851 927,662 749, 189 136, 174 58, 664 77, 510 19,209 9, 484 9, 725 1,966 1, 580 386 88 05 CO 8 80S &00 1943-44 ©5 134,451 93, 794 40, 657 w e* MS 578, 948 576, 324 e-s g© QO MS* a* MS CO *o © 00 05 MS 05 •O CO 13,414 5,711 7,703 2, 305 1, 880 425 $863, 654 656, 802 8 1941-42 QO 134, 137 96, 251 37, 886 1,403,990 818. 559 585, 431 185,346 103, 889 81, 457 24, 648 14, 179 10, 469 3,497 3.036 461 $626, 296 572, 465 2, 759, 261 1, 766, 664 1939-40 131,553 94, 536 37, 016 1, 494, 203 Sfg o S GO CO 186,500 109, 546 76, 954 j e© g© a* 16, 508 10, 223 ©5 W e© 2, 861 429 $571, 288 521. 990 2, 753, 780 1, 764, 604 1929-30 g© o GO CO N QO 60, 017 22, 369 eo r* o o ms S G£ .3 ® is Cu 2 «“ ° a o g.2 C3 “£ * S ‘3 2 £P 9 . o ®OT 6^2 05 •O >>•- ® J3 ->-5 >-Qtfo 8 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Students In 1949-50 institutions of higher education enrolled 2,659,000 students in the regular session, 51 percent in publicly controlled, and 49 percent in privately controlled institutions (table 35). Veteran students numbered 853,000, almost one-third of the entire student body. There were, in addition, 1,989,000 other students of college grade enrolled, as follows: 943,000 in summer sessions (table 37); 849,000 in correspondence and extension courses; 152,000 in short courses; and 45,000 students receiving individual instruction. Resident noncollegia te students in institutions of higher education numbered 74,000. Excluding the veteran students, 19 of each 100 persons of college age (18-21 years) were enrolled in institutions of higher education during the year 1949-50. This may be compared with 4 persons in the specified age bracket who were enrolled in 1899-1900 (table 36). Degrees Institutions of higher education in continental United States conferred nearly half a million earned degrees in 1949-50: 432,058 bachelor’s or first professional; 58,183 master’s or second professional; and 6,600 doctor’s (table 34). The total number of degrees conferred in 1949-50 is the largest in the history of American higher education — 17 times the number conferred in 1899-1900, 2 % times as many as in 1939-40, and more than 1% times as many as in 1947-48. Table 39 presents data on number of degrees conferred in 1949-50, by field of study, and by level of degree. Engineering Enrollments and Degrees In the fall of 1950 there were 161,592 undergraduate engineering students enrolled in 190 institutions offering degrees in engineering. Four undergraduate curricula enrolled 66 percent of the students, as follows: mechanical engineering, 35,716; electrical engineering, 32,190; civil engineering, 24,457; and chemical engineering, 14,056. During the academic year 1949-50, 52,732 first engineering degrees were conferred. These degrees constituted 12 percent of all bachelor’s and first professional degrees conferred during the year. Graduate students enrolled in 123 institutions offering advanced degrees in engineering numbered 18,670 in the fall of 1950. These institutions conferred 4,904 master’s and second professional engineering degrees, and 494 doctorates during the academic year 1949-50. Table 40 presents data on undergraduate enrollments by class level and by engineering curricula for the fall of 1950, and on number of first degrees conferred during the academic year 1949-50. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 Table 35. — Faculty , students , and degrees: institutions of higher education , 1949-50 Item 1949-50 Total Publicly con¬ trolled Privately con¬ trolled 1 2 3 4 1,851 641 i, 21a 210, 349 106,383 103, 966 157, 691 52, 658 78, 804 27, 579 78,887 25,079 Resident college enrollments: 2,659,021 1, 354, 902 1, 304, 119 1, 853, 068 805, 953 932, 087 422, 815 920, 981 383, 138 237, 208 107, 932 129, 276 172, 161 65, 047 77, 198 30, 734 94, 96a 34, 313 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ Undergraduate and special . . . . 2,421,813 1,246, 970 1, 174, 843 1,680, 907 740, 906 854,889 392, 081 826, 018 348, 825 2, 442, 463 1, 207, 545 1, 234, 918 1, 720, 059 722, 404 841, 359 366, 186 878, 700 356, 218 Women _ Veterans of World War II1 . . . . 853, 007 388,048 464, 959 Men _ 836, 690 16, 317 381, 683 6,365 455, 007 9, 952 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ - First time in any college - - - 594, 126 323, 673 270, 453 Men _ _ _ 380, 088 214, 038 205, 791 117, 882 174, 297 96, 156 Women _ _ - Summer session, 1949 _ 943, 021 636, 823 406, 198 Men _ 595, 219 347, 802 333, 781 203, 042 261, 438 144, 760 Women _ _ _ Other enrollments: Resident noncollegiate . . 73, 844 44, 075 29, 769 Men and boys _ 40, 334 33, 510 22, 031 22,044 18, 303 11,466 Women and girls _ _ _ Nonresident (correspondence, extension) . . . 848, 695 651, 015 197, 680 Men _ _ _ 474, 814 373, 881 344, 686 306, 329 130, 128 67, 552 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Short courses _ 151,883 124, 407 27, 476 Men _ 91, 508 60, 375 76, 032 48, 375 15, 476 12, 000 Women _ Individual instruction . . . 45, 103 5, 216 39,887 Men and boys _ 19, 077 26, 026 3,238 1,978 15, 839 24, 048 W omen and girls . . _ _ Earned degrees conferred: Bachelor’s or first professional . . . . 432, 058 215, 808 316, 250 Men . . . 328, 841 103, 217 161, 832 53, 976 167, 009 49, 241 Women _ _ _ Master’s or second professional . 58, 183 26, 156 32, 027 Men.. . . . . . 41, 220 16, 963 18, 981 7,175 22,239 9, 788 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ Doctor’s . . . . . . . . 6,633 2,668 3,965 Men . . . . . . 5,990 643 2,458 210 3,532 433. Women . . . . . . 1 Third week of fall term, 1949. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-5 0 Table 36. — Enrollment in institutions of higher education and population 18-21 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 Year Emollment Population 18-21 years of age 1 Number enrolled per 100 persons 18-21 years of age Number Percent increase since 1889-90 Number Percent increase since 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 . . 156, 756 5, 151, 067 3 0 1899-1900 - - 237, 592 51.6 5, 930, 765 15.1 4.0 1909-10 . . . . 355, 213 126.6 7, 335, 453 42.4 4.8 1919-20 . - . — 597, 880 281.4 7, 343, 794 42.6 8.1 1929-30 _ _ - . - . 1, 100, 737 602.2 9, 033, 000 75.4 12.2 1939-40 . . . — 1,494, 203 853.2 9, 753, 537 89.3 15.3 1941-42 . . . - . — 1,403,990 795.7 9, 853, 000 91.3 14.2 1943-44 . . . . . 1,155, 272 637.0 9, 776, 000 89.8 11.8 1945-46 - - 1, 676, 851 969.7 9, 537, 000 85.1 * 12.7 1947-48 . - - - 2, 616, 262 1, 569. 0 9, 273, 000 80.0 2 14.6 1949-50 - - - 2, 659, 021 1, 696. 3 * 8, 979, 000 74.3 * 19.3 J Estimates except as indicated as of July 1, based on data from U. S. Bureau of the Census, including armed forces overseas. Estimates for 1942 and later years subject to revision upon completion of 1950 census. 2 Veteran students, most of whom were over 21 years of age, have been excluded in calculating this ratio. * Estimate for April 1, 1950. Table 37. — Enrollment in summer-session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education: 1919-20 to 1949-50 Year Enrollment Year Enrollment Summer session 1 Extension and corre¬ spondence work Summer session 1 Extension and correspondence work Collegiate Non- collegiate 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1919-20 . 132, 489 220, 311 278, 125 340, 461 382, 776 388, 755 414, 260 101, 662 155, 163 194, 147 324, 819 360, 246 354, 133 440, 186 1933-34 . 303, 754 370, 026 429, 864 456, 679 426, 849 479, 326 515, 602 955, 429 943, 021 208, 507 251, 469 295, 351 292, 236 278. 554 244. 842 * 535, 957 2 759, 909 2 848, 695 45, 484 46, 452 75. 822 70, 145 83. 833 98, 496 (*) (2> (?) 1921-22 . 1935-36 . . 1923-24 _ _ 1937-38. . 1925-26 . 1927-28 _ 1939-40 . . 1941-42 . . 1 929-80 1943-44 1931-32 194, <>-46 . 1 947-48 1949-50 » For odd years. » Breakdown by level not available before 1931-32 or for 1945-46, 1947-48, and 1949-50. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 Table 38. — Degrees conferred by institutions of higher education per 100 persons 21 years of age: 1889-90 to 1949-50 Year Earned degrees conferred 1 Number of— Persons 21 years of age * Earned degrees conferred per 100 persons 21 years of age 1 2 3 4 1889-90 . - . - . — . - * 15, 539 1, 246, 876 1.2 1899-1900 . - . . . — * 27, 410 * 37, 199 1, 426, 849 1.9 1909-10 . . . . . 1. 789, 404 2.1 1919-20 . . . . — . — 48, 622 1,821,712 2.7 1929-30 . . . . . - . 122, 484 2, 211,031 5.5 1939-40 . . . - . - . . . 186, 500 2,367,661 7.9 1941-42 . — - . . . - 185, 346 4 2, 566, 253 7.2 1943-44 . — . . . - 125, 863 4 2, 426, 456 5.2 1945-46 . . . . . . . - 136, 174 4 2, 407, 509 5.7 1947 48 . . . - . . 271,019 4 2, 390, 946 *11.3 1949-50 . . . . . 432, 058 4 2, 302, 000 * 18.8 i Bachelor’s and first professional degrees only. * Bureau of the Census. * Revision of figures previously published. * Estimated. * Veteran graduates, more than 21 years of age, have been included in calculating this ratio. Table 39.— Degrees conferred , by major field of study: 1949-50 [Includes degrees conferred in continental United States and outlying parts of the United States] Major field of study Bachelor’s and first professional Master's and second professional Doctor’s Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Wom¬ en 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Grand total . . 433, 734 329, 819 103, 915 58,219 41,237 16, 982 6, 633 5,990 643 Agriculture. .. . 10, 908 10, 766 142 1, 080 1, 070 10 316 312 4 Anatomy . . . 123 121 2 65 54 11 15 11 4 Animal husbandry _ 1, 697 1, 677 20 135 133 2 26 26 Anthropology . . 324 186 138 82 57 25 34 27 7 Architecture _ 2,563 2,441 122 166 159 7 1 1 Astronomy . 30 26 4 22 18 4 16 15 1 Bacteriology . 870 563 307 327 247 80 74 60 14 Biochemistry . , . . 175 160 15 144 114 30 116 99 17 Biology . . 10, 428 8, 121 2,307 549 419 130 81 69 12 Botany . . 494 385 109 299 234 65 126 116 10 Business and commerce _ 72, 137 65, 911 6, 225 4, 335 4, 006 329 58 52 6 Chemistry. . . . 10, 619 9, 134 1,485 1, 576 1, 368 208 953 914 39 Dental science _ 335 282 53 89 84 5 1 1 Dentistry, D. D. S. only _ 2, 579 2, 561 18 Economics - 14, 573 13, 471 1, 102 921 807 114 200 191 9 Education . . . . 46, 635 18,882 27, 753 18,311 10, 588 7, 723 861 719 142 Engineering.. . . . . 52, 246 52,071 175 4, 496 4,481 15 417 416 1 Aeronautical _ 1, 712 1,698 14 373 372 1 23 23 Chemical. _ _ 4, 506 4, 474 32 699 698 1 173 172 1 Civil.. _ 7, 781 7,761 20 689 686 3 28 28 Electrical.. . . 13, 270 13, 231 39 1, 057 1, 055 2 80 80 Mechanical _ 14, 441 14, 414 27 784 781 3 46 46 Other engineering . 10, 536 10, 493 43 894 889 5 67 67 English . . . . 17, 246 8, 223 9, 023 2, 259 1, 320 939 230 181 49 Entomology _ _ 127 118 9 89 85 4 52 50 2 Fine arts. . . . 5, 707 2, 590 3,117 525 345 180 12 6 6 Forestry _ 2,394 2,394 290 289 1 26 26 Geography . . 757 611 146 203 150 53 40 36 4 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-50 Table 39. — Degrees conferred , by major field of study: 1949-50 — Continued [Includes degrees conferred in continental United States and outlying parts of the United States] Major field of study Bachelor’s and first professional Master’s and second professional Doctor’s Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Wom¬ en 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Geology . . . . . 3, 043 2, 934 109 493 477 16 113 110 3 History - - - - 13, 567 10, 242 3, 325 1,801 1,373 428 275 246 29 Home economics _ _ 7, 976 91 7,885 645 15 630 17 1 16 4, 036 ? 951 85 352 346 6 5 5 International relations _ '981 ’866 115 279 237 42 25 23 2 4,937 3 B4R 1,089 315 271 44 3 3 Language, classical . .. '671 ’474 197 131 72 59 28 19 9 Language, modem. . . 4, 489 1,752 2, 737 921 457 464 168 135 33 French . . 1, 473 511 962 299 132 167 53 38 15 German . . 540 359 181 121 75 46 40 32 8 Spanish . . 2, 132 701 1,431 375 166 209 34 26 8 36 12 32 18 14 7 7 Other languages . 308 157 151 94 66 28 34 32 2 Law _ _ - . 14,312 13,891 421 513 492 21 27 26 1 Library science - 1, 057 155 902 549 226 323 5 4 1 Mathematics _ _ 6, 392 4, 946 1, 446 974 784 190 160 151 9 Medical sciences (not else¬ where classified) . . 3, 224 2,495 729 432 390 42 44 39 5 Medicine, M. D. only _ 5,612 5 028 584 Metallurgy _ 476 469 7 120 119 1 46 46 Meteorology . . . . 143 138 5 51 49 2 12 11 1 Military or naval science _ 162 162 Music.. - - - 7, 934 4, 069 3, 865 1, 489 942 547 34 32 2 Natural sciences (not else¬ where classified) . 1,783 1,465 318 56 39 17 10 8 2 Nursing. _ 3, 292 23 3,269 368 5 363 2 2 Optometry _ 1,801 1 782 19 Osteopathy . _ 346 ’ 327 19 g 7 1 Pharmacy _ _ _ 5,751 5,310 441 114 92 22 48 47 1 Philosophy . . 2,835 2,449 386 277 248 29 83 69 14 Physical education . . 11, 054 8, 657 2,397 1, 406 1, 091 315 87 73 14 Physics . . 3, 414 3, 287 127 922 888 34 358 353 5 Physiology - - - 133 72 61 147 126 21 36 30 6 Political science.. . . 6, 346 5, 366 980 710 597 113 127 117 10 Psychology... . 9, 582 6, 058 3,524 1,316 948 368 283 241 42 Public administration - 273 252 21 190 166 24 14 13 1 Public health... . 440 227 213 523 355 168 25 18 7 Religious education and Bible _ 3,088 2, 093 995 506 260 246 64 61 3 Social sciences (not else¬ where classified) - 7, 472 5, 270 2,202 431 261 170 49 42 7 Social work _ _ 1, 269 439 830 1, 747 550 1, 197 4 3 1 Sociology . . . 7,887 3,848 4,039 552 373 179 98 80 18 Speech and dramatic arts — 4, 269 2, 321 1,948 652 396 256 43 37 6 Theology . _ 3,221 3, 010 211 597 628 69 132 130 2 Veterinary medicine _ 803 ’ 791 12 21 20 1 8 8 Zoology _ 3,289 2, 727 562 551 435 116 125 102 23 Arts (without major) . . . 12, 285 9, 365 2, 920 1, 326 952 374 27 27 Sciences (without major).... 6, 680 5, 604 1, 076 426 379 47 30 29 1 All other fields of study . 4, 442 2, 871 1, 571 345 243 102 363 323 40 Table 40. — Undergraduate engineering enrollments , October 1950; and first engineering degrees conferred , 1949-50 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 41 Number of first engineering degrees conferred, 1919-50 Women 114 15 8 4 20 11 12 NCO H»OgHH I rH i rH U3 Men e* ao CO N 1, 538 648 935 278 4, 509 7,761 13,258 14 453 1,498 339 3,364 14,312 960 482 100 988 49 285 45 802 Total number enrolled for first engineering degree Total Women w 613 8 ' ^ § OO JO iH C* CO COOOjsg^fH i CO l I i 1 1 1 1 i 5 260 9 Men 160, 974 4, 471 1, 969 4, 920 776 13, 997 24, 409 32, 145 56 1,612 4,606 1,252 7,490 35, 662 2, 752 1,574 453 3,417 181 1,064 15, 375 2,793 Special day and evening students O CO N rH CO *0 HjO ^OJOI^CO rH JO 3 883 15 Part-time day and evening students A CO CO a-s ii la i rHW 25 607 1 683 2,664 248 3 5 5,472 384 5th year of coop¬ erative program 00 2,375 o> i 0000 co »o CO IhOOH ! ! rH HOOW •! 1 O) 00 II 1 1 1 ! 01 5th year of 5-year curric¬ ulum 1, 139 ^ , HOIOON OOOH Ol I Cb‘0 01 rH 1 cs 1 2 21 4th year «> N O 1, 130 638 1, 231 268 3,804 6, 955 9,197 24 430 1,129 350 2,481 10, 541 775 494 141 1,078 77 282 59 618 3d year •a CO N s 943 495 1, 152 189 3, 233 6,058 7,348 19 430 841 307 1, 919 8,431 649 415 138 846 37 263 116 594 2d year 30, 915 954 416 1, 138 169 3, 022 5, 311 6, 462 8 366 965 301 1,204 6,882 534 348 129 714 30 242 1, 229 491 1st year S s 1, 132 381 1, 085 127 2,824 4,386 5, 696 6 326 1,061 291 820 5,728 485 301 36 755 36 279 7,874 670 Number of schools N 190 5S33S2 33833 88883 3 Engineering curricula - Total _ _ Aeronautical . . . . . Agricultural - - - Architectural . . . . Ceramic. . . . Chemical. . . . . . . Civil . . . . . - . Electrical.. . - . . . - - - Engineering Physics . . . . . General Engineering . . . . Geological . . Industrial 1 . . . ... . - . Mechanical.. . . . . . Metallurgical _ _ Mining . . . . Naval Architecture and Marine _ _ Petroleum . . . Si 0 Unclassified . . . . . Others . . . i Includes administrative engineering, management engineering, etc. Source: Office of Education Circular No. 287, Engineering Enrollments and Degrees, 1950. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Junior Colleges Junior colleges offering 2 years or more of work of college grade increased in number from 52 in 1919-20 to 483 in 1949-50; during the same period enrollments increased from 8,000 to 242,700 (table 38). Publicly con¬ trolled junior colleges enrolled 77 percent of the total. Table 41. — Number of junior colleges and enrollment in junior colleges: 1919-20 to 1949-50 Year Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1919-20 . . 52 8, 102 10 2, 940 42 5, 162 1921-22.. _ _ _ 80 12,124 17 4, 771 63 7,353 1923-24 _ 132 20, 559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 . . 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16, 418 1929-30 _ _ _ 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32 _ 342 85, 063 159 58, 887 183 26, 176 1933-34 . . 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36 _ 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31,896 1937-38 _ _ _ 453 121, 510 209 82, 041 244 39, 469 1939-40 _ _ _ 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941-42 _ _ _ _ 461 141, 272 231 100, 783 230 40, 489 1943-44 _ _ 413 89, 208 210 60, 884 203 28, 324 1945-46 _ _ _ 464 156, 456 242 109, 640 222 46, 816 1947-48 . . . . . 472 240, 173 242 178, 196 230 61, 977 1949-50. . . . . 483 242, 740 256 187, 695 227 55,045 Income General data on the income of institutions of higher education are given in table 42. For 1949-50, “educational and general income,” i. e., the operating funds used to defray expenditures for administration, instruction, research, plant operation and maintenance, etc., amounted to $1,800,000,000, more than 3 times the income received for the same purpose in 1939-40 (table 34), but less than twice as great when the 1940 income is adjusted for the purchasing power of the 1950 dollar. Income from auxiliary enterprises and activities, i. e., those activities which are important to the program of the institutions, but not indispensable, such as residence and dining accommodations, book stores, and intercollegiate athletics, amounted to more than half a billion dollars. Plant expansion funds were increased by $529,000,000 during the year 1949-50; and nonexpendable funds (endowment, annuity, and student loan funds) received $67,000,000 from private gifts and grants. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 43 Table 42.— Income, expenditures, and property of institutions of higher education: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 1949-50 Item Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Income: 2, 374, 645 1, 238, 945 1, 135, 7oa Educational and general income, by source . Student fees . . .. . . . . . . 1,833,846 979, 704 854, 142 394, 609 307, 326 216, 994 491, 636 61, 700 96, 341 118, 627 111, 988 34, 625 102, 163 127, 233 118, 827 463, 889 60, 389 8,845 19, 374 64, 291 14, 693 292, 446 180, 093 98, 167 27, 747 1, 311 87, 496 99, 253 47, 697 19, 932 Federal Government, for — Veterans’ student fees. . . . . . . Other current purposes . . Local governments.... . . . . Endowment earnings . . . . . Sa les and services . . . . . Miscellaneous sources _ _ _ _ _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities. . . Noneducational income, for . . . . . Scholarships, fellowships, prizes . . . . Other noneducational purposes _ _ _ _ Receipts for plant expansion, by source . . . . Federal Government _ _ _ _ _ 511. 264 246, 754 264, 510 29, 535 12, 487 17, 048 16, 288 13, 247 4, 904 7,583 11, 384 5,664 528, 748 399, 990 128, 758 12, 358 283, 920 19, 373 8. 088 22, 741 41, 791 60. 582 79, 895 5,907 279, 224 19, 373 7 9, 944 3,372 31, 280 50, 883 6, 451 4, 696- State governments. _ _ _ _ _ Local governments _ _ _ _ _ Churches . . 8,081 12, 797 38, 419 29, 302 29, 012 Foundations and corporations. . . . . . . Individuals _ _ Transfers from current funds _ _ _ Other sources _ _ _ _ _ Private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds . . . Endowment funds _ 66,850 4, 908 61, 942 62, 829 2, 472 1,549 4,416 57 435 58, 413 2, 415 1, 114 Annuity funds _ _ _ Student loan funds. . . . . . . . . . . Expenditures: Current expenditures _ _ _ _ _ 2, 245, 661 1, 153, 528 1, 092, 133 Educational and general. . 1, 706, 444 898, 054 808, 390 Administration and general expense.. _ _ Resident instruction . . . Organized research _ _ _ _ Extension . . . . . . 213, 070 780, 994 225, 341 86, 674 56, 147 225, 110 119, 108 83, 484 415, 424 115, 624 74, 977 27, 219 112, 778 68, 548 129, 586 365, 570 109, 717 11,697 28, 928 112, 332 50, 560 Libraries. . . . . Plant operation and maintenance . . . . . Related activities. . . . Auxiliary enterprises. _ _ _ _ _ _ 476, 401 62, 816 235, 513 19, 961 240, 888 42, 855 Other noneducational expenditures . . . Expenditures for plant expansion _ _ _ _ Property. Total plant, plant funds, and nonexpendable funds 1 _ Physical plant and plant funds 416, 831 276, 071 140, 760 7,916,913 3, 300, 067 4, 616,846 5, 272, 590 2, 886, 409 2, 386, 181 Value of physical plant _ _ 4, 799, 964 472, 626 2, 533, 402 353, 007 2, 266, 562 119, 619 Unexpended plant funds . . . . . . Nonexpendable funds _ _ _ 2, 644, 323 413, 658 2, 230, 665 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds * . . . Student loan funds _ _ _ _ 2, 601, 223 43, 100 399, 213 14, 445 2, 202, 010 28, 655 1 At end of fiscal year. * Includes annuity funds. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 The percentage distribution, by source, of educational and general income of institutions of higher education follows: Source All institu¬ tions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Student fees _ . . __ . . . 21.5 10.4 34.2 Federal Government for: Veterans’ student fees 16.8 13.0 12. 1 21.1 11.5 Other current purposes. _ _ _ _ _ _ 11.8 State governments . _ _ 26.8 47. 3 3.3 . 2 Local governments 3.4 6. 2 Endowment earnings _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.2 .9 10.2 Pri vate benefa ctions . . . . . . . . 6. 5 2. 0 11.6 Sales and services _ _ _ _ _ 6. 1 6.6 5.6 M iscellaneous sources . . . . . . 1.9 1.5 2.3 Total . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 Expenditures The 1,851 institutions of higher education in the United States ex¬ pended $2,700,000,000 (table 42) during the academic year 1949-50 ($2,300,000,000 for current purposes and $400,000,000 for expansion of physical plant.). A percentage breakdown of educational and general expenditures, which make up slightly more than 75 percent of the current expenditures, follows: Purpose All institu¬ Publicly Privately tions controlled controlled 1 2 3 4 Administration and general expense _ ... _ 12.5 9.3 16.0 Resident instruction. _ _ _ _ _ _ 45.7 46.3 45.2 Libraries _ _ _ _ _ _ ... _ . . .. 3.3 3.0 3.6 Plant operation and maintenance.. . .. . _ _ 13.2 12.6 13.9 Related activities _ _ _ _ _ _ 7.0 7.6 6.3 Organized research . . . . . . 13.2 12.9 13.6 Extension _ .. _ _ 5.1 8.3 1.4 Total educational and general. . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 Table 34 presents historical trends in expenditures of institutions of higher education from 1929-30 to 1949-50. In making historical com¬ parisons of any financial items, the changing value of the dollar, as indi¬ cated by the Consumers’ Price Index (Bureau of Labor Statistics, De¬ partment of Labor), should be kept in mind. Property The hook value of the physical plant (land, buildings, equipment including libraries, improvements other than building, and unexpended plant funds) at the end of the fiscal year 1950 was $5.3 billion; and non¬ expendable funds, such as for endowments, annuities, and student loans, amounted to $2.6 billion (tables 34 and 42). STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 45 Veterans’ Training Program The Federal training program for veterans of World War II rests upon two basic acts administered by the Veterans Administration: Pubhc Law 16 which provides vocational rehabilitation for disabled veterans; and Pubhc Law 346, the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944, which makes it possible for an eligible veteran to pursue a course of his own choice (subject to the limitations of Pubhc Law 266) in any approved school or job-training estabhshment. Table 43 presents for each year from 1943-44 to 1949-50 the average number of veterans in training under each law, and the annual expenditures for subsistence allowances and for tuition, etc. The Annual Report of the Administrator of Veterans Affairs for fiscal year ending June 30, 1950, reports that 5,940,000 veterans who had been in training had temporarily or permanently terminated their training; of these, 433,000 were former Pubhc Law 16 trainees, and 5,507,000, former Pubhc Law 346 trainees. Table 43. — Veterans in training,1 and expenditures for training and for vocational rehabilitation: 1943-44 to 1949-50 2 [Thousands of dollars] Year Vocational rehabilitation (P. L. 16) Education and training (P. L. 346) Average number of veterans in training Amount of subsistence allowance Amount for tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials Average number of veterans in training Amount of subsistence allowance Amount for tuition, equipment, . supplies, and materials > 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total, 7 years . 977,658 80.4 238, 192 19.6 7,200,328 70,1 3,075, 506 29.9 Percent . . . 1943-44 . 922 9,464 44, 578 174, 465 237, 382 217, 740 167, 809 567 7, 046 37, 993 190,941 265, 298 262, 196 213, 616 97 1, 302 7, 094 30,006 68, 013 73,004 58,676 1944-45 . . . . . 11,956 376, 750 1, 883, 551 2, 213, 382 2, 054, 616 1, 990, 413 7,803 317, 905 1, 550, 796 1, 628, 908 1, 865, 804 1, 829, 112 1,703 32, 113 567, 939 872, 756 834, 379 766, 616 1945-46 . . . . 1946-47 _ _ _ _ 1947-48 _ 1948-49 . . 1949-50 _ _ _ _ 1 Includes school training, job training, and institutional on-farm training. * Data supplied by Veterans’ Administration. Higher Education in the Outlying Parts of the United States Four outlying parts of the United States (Alaska, Canal Zone, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico) together enrolled 14,700 students in 5 institutions of higher education in 1949-50, 85 percent more than were enrolled in 1939- 40 (table 44). During 1949-50, 1,700 bachelor’s and 36 master’s degrees were conferred. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-50 Table 44. — Institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States: 1949-50 Name and location of institution Full-time equiva¬ lent of instruc¬ tional staff Enrollment Degrees Regular Summer Corre¬ spond¬ ence and exten¬ sion Bache¬ lor’s Master’s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total, 1939-40 . . 804 7,973 3,816 1, 787 892 37 Total, 1949-50 . . . . 1, 770 14, 737 10,909 11, 757 1, 676 36 University of Alaska, College, Alaska _ 108 367 65 557 44 •Canal Zone Junior College, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone _ _ .. . 20 226 497 663 University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.. 455 5,908 2,920 3,960 668 34 Polytechnic Institute of Puerto Rico, San German, Puerto Rico.. _ _ . _ 12 548 306 95 University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico - - 1, 175 7,688 7,121 6,577 869 2 Negro Education Public Elementary and Secondary Schools Seventeen States and the District of Columbia maintain separate school systems for white and for Negro pupils. Data are presented separately for Negro schools in these States because there is considerable demand for them. Data for both white and Negro schools in all the States and the outlying parts of the United States are reported together in the foregoing statistics of all public elementary and secondary schools. Not all States with segregated systems can supply separate data, in the detail requested, for schools for Negroes because of the methods of keeping records, and especially because of the tendency to keep only one set of financial ac- co unts for the two races. Table 45 presents a statistical summary of data available from the 17 States and the District of Columbia for Negro public elementary and secondary schools from 1919-20 to 1949-50; and table 46 presents data for Negro schools for each of these States for: number of instructional staff members; enrollment; and number of high-school graduates. Com¬ parative data available for white and for Negro schools in each of the 17 States and the District of Columbia are presented in table 47 on: average length of school term in days; average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled; enrollment per instructional staff member; current expend¬ iture per pupil in average daily attendance, for the 8 States and the District of Columbia reporting it; and average annual salary per instruc¬ tional staff member, for the 10 States and the District of Columbia re¬ porting data on this item. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 47 Table 45. — Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1919-20 to 1949-50 Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 9, 090, 532 9, 585. 417 10, 275, 347 Negro children 5-17 years of age, inclusive. . . 2, 899, 246 2, 902, 657 2, 827, 565 Enrollment of pupils: Elementary grades: Boys . . . . . . 992, 401 1. 039, 227 1,072, 281 1, Oil, 476 1, 043, 658 Girls . . . . . . 1, 077, 973 1, 130, 765 1, 101, 981 995, 360 1, 015, 256 Total . 2, 070, 374 2, 169, 992 2, 174, 262 2, 006. 836 2, 058, 914 High-School grades: Boys . . . 12, 392 40, 533 102, 678 124, 082 144, 820 Girls.. . . . 20, 949 72, 053 151, 902 175, 144 193, 212 Total . . 33, 341 112, 586 254, 580 299, 226 338, 032 Total enrolled in elementary and high-school grades: Boys - - - - 1, 004, 793 1, 079, 760 1, 174, 959 1, 135, 558 1, 188, 478 Girls . . 1, 098, 922 1, 202, 818 1, 253, 883 1, 170, 504 1, 208, 468 Total . 2, 103, 715 2, 282, 578 2, 428. 842 2, 306, 062 2, 396. 946 Average daily attendance. _ 1, 416, 206 1, 645, 518 1, 953, 401 1, 922, 381 2, 044, 518 Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled . . . 168, 414, 206 217, 754, 344 305, 344, 350 329, 914, 879 354, 606, 908 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled during the year. _ 80 97 126 143 148 Average length of school term in days . 119 132 156 172 173 Percent of enrolled pupils in daily attend¬ ance... _ _ _ _ _ 67.3 72.1 80.4 83.4 85.3 Percent of pupils in secondary grades _ 1.6 4.9 10.5 13.0 14.1 Percent of school population enrolled _ 72.6 78.6 85.6 Instructional staff: Elementary schools: Supervisors . . . . (3 4) (3) 198 261 276 Principals _ _ _ (*) (3) 365 1, 536 1. 616 Men teachers . 6,398 6,246 7,883 3, 846 4,308 W omen teachers . 31, 227 39,801 46, 098 48,037 48, 971 High schools: Supervisors . . (i 2) (3) 34 94 99 Principals- . . . . . . (2) (3) 599 1,147 1, 206 Men teachers . . 457 2, 395 4,575 5. 722 7,091 Women teachers . . 478 2, 836 4,724 9, 507 10, 991 Total number of instructional staff. 38, 560 51, 278 64,476 70,150 74,558 Average salary per member of instructional staff (for States reporting) * _ _ $601 $1, 738 * $2, 143 Average salary per member of instructional stafE (for States reporting) * . 1,016 1, 761 2, 143 High-school graduates: Boys _ _ _ 11, 014 15, 502 18. 459 Girls . . . . . . . 18, 995 23, 121 26,832 Total . . . . . 30,009 38, 623 45, 291 i U. S. Bureau of the Census. * Included with teachers. * Unadjusted for changes in purchasing power of the dollar. 4 States reporting in table 47. * Adjusted for purchasing power in 1949-50 dollars. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-5 0 Table 46.-— Instructional staff, enrollments, and high-school graduates 'in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 Enrollment High-school graduates State Instruc¬ tional staff 1 Elementary (K-8th Secondary (9th grade- Total grade in¬ clusive) postgrad¬ uate in¬ clusive) Total Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 17 States and the Dis- trict of Columbia... 74, 558 2,396,946 2,058,914 338,032 45, 291 18,459 26,832 Alabama - - - 7, 358 242, 287 206. 989 35, 298 2 4, 696 2 1, 861 2 2,835 Arkansas.. _ _ 2, 739 101, 797 89, 035 12, 762 1,669 777 892 Delaware _ _ _ 299 8, 220 6, 954 1,266 237 104 133 Florida _ 4, 269 116, 382 97, 508 18, 874 2,829 1, 376 1,453 Georgia.. - - - 7, 340 250, 667 215, 985 34, 682 3, 344 1,241 2,103 Kentucky . . . . 1, 398 37, 124 30, 418 6, 706 1,099 454 645 Louisiana _ 5, 471 183, 597 162, 513 21,084 2, 449 827 1,622 Maryland _ 2,429 73, 601 62, 301 11,300 1,154 478 676 Mississippi _ _ _ 6, 620 263, 797 243, 800 19, 997 2, 232 861 1,371 Missouri - - - 1,800 56, 316 46, 678 9,638 1, 322 542 780 North Carolina _ 7, 952 267, 095 222,811 44, 284 6, 259 2, 482 3, 777 Oklahoma . . . 1, 573 37, 693 29, 675 8,018 1,475 721 754 South Carolina _ 6, 918 221, 880 196, 860 25, 020 2, 479 951 1, 528 Tennessee _ 3, 308 106, 927 88, 806 18, 121 2,605 1, 135 1, 470 Texas . . . . . 7, 505 201, 253 165, 881 35, 372 5,418 2, 243 3, 175 Virginia . . . . 5, 075 157, 060 135, 844 21, 216 4, 057 1,627 2,430 West Virginia _ _ 971 25, 500 19, 619 5, 881 971 416 555 District of Columbia - 1,533 45, 750 37, 237 8, 513 996 363 633 * Principals, supervisors, teachers, librarians, etc. * Estimated. Institutions for the Higher Education of Negroes During the academic year 1949-50, reports were received from 105 in¬ stitutions of higher education attended entirely or predominately by Negroes. Data are not collected by this Office on the number of Negroes attending institutions attended predominately by white persons. In gen¬ eral, the Negro institutions are smaller, as evidenced by the following percentages: the 105 Negro institutions numbered 5.7 percent of the total, had 6,600 faculty members, or 3.1 percent of the total, enrolled 76,600 students, or 2.9 percent of the total, and conferred 13,000 bachelor’s or first professional degrees, or 3.0 percent of the total (table 48). STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 49 Table 47. — Comparative data on attendance and average expenditures for white and Negro schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 State Average length of school term in days Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Enrollment per instruc¬ tional staff member 1 Current expend¬ iture per pupil in average daily attendance Average annual salary per unit of instructional staff 1 White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia . 177.1 173.4 157.0 147.9 27 32 (J) (*) (*) (») Alabama . 176.2 176.5 156.1 150.6 29 33 $130. 09 $92. 69 $2, 214 $1,901 Arkansas _ _ _ 174.5 172.1 155.2 141.0 29 37 123. 60 73.03 1,900 1, 416 Delaware _ _ _ 181.8 182.8 161.9 159.5 23 28 Florida . . . 180.1 180.1 167.3 163.0 24 27 196. 42 136. 71 3, 056 2,643 Georgia _ 179.0 176.0 158.4 144.9 27 34 145. 15 79.73 2, 080 1,680 Kentucky.. . . _ 171.1 174 0 147.3 147.3 29 27 Louisiana . . . 179.6 178.0 157.8 152.6 26 34 3, 222 2,486 Maryland . . 184.2 183.9 165.0 160.9 28 30 217. 41 198. 76 3,600 3,575 Mississippi . . . 162.9 141.3 152.2 120.9 28 40 122. 93 32. 55 1,884 760 Missouri _ 178.2 187.9 154.4 162.0 28 31 P* North Carolina . . 179.9 179.9 164 5 157.0 29 34 148. 21 122.90 2,675 2, 721 Oklahoma _ 184.5 180.0 165.9 149. 1 24 24 South Carolina . . 180.0 174.0 155.6 139.7 27 32 154 62 79.82 2, 149 1, 515 Tennessee _ 176.7 177.0 156.2 156. 1 29 32 Texas _ _ 174.5 174 9 149.6 146.7 26 27 3, 154 2, 934 Virginia _ 180.0 180.0 163.0 157.9 27 31 West Virginia. 175.0 175. 2 158.9 165. 1 27 26 District of Columbia . 178.5 173.5 152.2 154 0 25 30 289.68 220. 74 3,963 3,863 1 Instructional staff is made up of principals, supervisors, teachers, librarians, etc. * Average for 8 States and the District of Columbia: White, $154.69; Negro, $95.31. * Average for 10 States and the District of Columbia: White, $2,710; Negro, $2,143. Being smaller, the Negro institutions of higher education have less financial strength than white or nonsegregated institutions. Their current expenditures amounted to $2.25 billion in 1949-50, or 2.5 percent of the current expenditures of all institutions. Their property, including physi¬ cal plant, nonexpended plant funds, and nonexpendable funds, was valued at approximately 8 billion dollars, or 2.6 percent of the total property of all institutions of higher education (table 49). 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 48. — Faculty , students , and degrees: institutions for the higher educa¬ tion of Negroes , 1949-50 Institutions for the higher education of Negroes Item Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teach¬ ers col¬ leges, pub¬ licly con¬ trolled 1 Junior colleges Total All higher educa¬ tion Percent Negro of all higher educa¬ tion Pub¬ licly con¬ trolled Pri¬ vately con¬ trolled Pub¬ licly con¬ trolled Pri¬ vately con¬ trolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I. Number of Institutions _ 23 64 12 3 13 105 1, 851 5.7 n. Faculty (Full-Time Equiv- ALENT) - - 3, 020 2,803 491 65 221 6,600 210, 349 3.1 Men . . . 1,851 1,705 234 36 110 3, 936 157, 691 2.5 Women — - - 1, 169 1,098 257 29 111 2,664 52, 658 5.1 III. Resident College Enroll¬ ments: Regular session. . . 31, 599 35, 529 6,740 1,116 1,577 76,561 2, 659, 021 2.9 Men _ _ _ 17, 096 19, 575 2, 369 751 886 40,677 1, 853, 068 2.2 Women _ 14, 503 15, 954 4, 371 365 691 35, 884 805, 953 4.4 First time in any college - 8,489 9, 509 2, 266 436 668 21, 368 594, 126 3.6 Men _ 4, 436 4, 820 809 251 297 10,613 380, 088 2.8 Women - - - 4,053 4,689 1,457 185 371 10, 755 214, 038 5.0 Graduate students - 882 1, 342 2 80 2 2, 304 237, 208 1.0 Men... . . 462 679 2 20 2 1, 161 172, 161 7 Women _ 420 663 2 60 2 1, 143 65,047 l! 8 Summer session, 1949 . . 19, 914 15, 132 3, 514 83 333 38,976 943, 021 4.1 Men _ 7, 832 6, 433 835 69 89 15, 258 595, 219 2.6 Women _ 12, 082 8,699 2, 679 14 244 23, 718 347, 802 6.8 IV. Earned Degrees Con¬ ferred: • Bachelor’s or first profes¬ sional _ _ 4,866 6,497 1,745 13, 108 432, 058 3.0 Men _ 2, 508 3, 464 495 6,467 328, 841 2 0 Women _ _ _ _ 2, 358 3,033 1, 250 6,641 103, 217 6.4 Master’s . . . . 306 400 62 768 58, 183 1.3 Men _ 143 172 20 335 41, 220 g Women _ 163 22 1 42 433 16,963 2.6 1 No privately controlled teachers colleges; no normal schools reported. * Graduate enrollment in teachers colleges estimated. •Doctorate not conferred at any institution in this group. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 51 Table 49. — Finances of institutions for the higher education of Negroes r 1949-50 [Financial data in thousands of dollars] Item All higher Institutions for the higher education of Negroes education Number or amount Percent of all higher education 1 2 3 4 1, 851 105 5.7 $2, 374, 645 $60, 429 2.5 1,833,845 42,489 2. 3 394, 610 307, 325 216, 994 491,958 61, 378 8, 552 5,534 3, 850 2.2 Federal Government: 1.8 1.8 15, 541 364 3.2 .6 Endowment earnings _ _ 96, 341 118, 627 111,987 34, 625 2, 356 4,232 1,625 435 2. 4 Private benefactions. . . . . . . . _ 3.6 Organized activities related to instructional departments _ Miscellaneous sources . 1.5 1.3 Auxiliary enterprises _ 511,265 29, 535 16, 721 1,219 18, 186 992 3.3 Other noneducational income. .. _ . _ 4.1 Receipts for Plant Expansion (All Sources)... _ 528, 747 66, 850 3.4 Private Gifts and Grants for Nonexpendable Funds _ 1.5 Endowment funds _ _ 62, 829 2,472 1,549 933 1. 5 Annuity funds . . . _ _ _ _ 9 .4 Student loan funds _ _ _ _ _ 50 3.2 Current Expenditures _ 2, 245, 661 56, 523 2.5 Total educational and general _ _ 1,706,444 38, 581 2.3 Administration and general expense _ 213, 070 780, 994 6,093 21, 062 565 2. 9 Resident instruction 2. 7 Organized research . . . __ . . . . 225, 341 86, 674 56, 147 225, 110 119, 108 .3 Extension _ _ 408 .5 Libraries. _ _ _ _ 1,419 7, 081 1,953 2.5 Plant operation and maintenance . _ _ _ 3.1 Organized activities related to instructional departments _ 1.6 Auxiliary enterprises _ _ 476, 401 62, 816 16, 151 1,791 3.4 Other noneducational expenditures _ 2. 9 Expenditures for Plant Expansion _ 416, 831 13, 966 3.4 Property: Total Plant, Plant Funds, and Nonexpendable Funds 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7, 916, 913 205, 211 2.6 Physical plant and plant funds . . . . 5, 272, 590 4, 799, 964 472, 626 155, 545 138, 987 16, 558 3.0 Value of physical plant _ _ 2.9 Unexpended plant funds _ _ _ 3.5 Nonexpendable funds _ _ _ 2, 644, 323 49, 666 1.9 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds J_. Student loan funds . 2,601,223 43,100 I 49, 330 336 1.9 * At end of fiscal year. * Includes annuity funds. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Activities of the Office of Education in the Field of International Educational Relations As a part of the effort to promote international understanding, the Office of Education administers a Teacher -Exchange Program. During the school year 1949-50, 97 teachers from the United States exchanged positions with a similar number from the United Kingdom. The British teachers were placed in 33 different States: 43 in kindergarten -primary and elementary schools; 10 in junior high schools; and 44 in high schools. Canada exchanged 16 teachers with the United States; France, 7; and Belgium, 1. Under the Teacher Education Program, arrangements were made by the Office for 41 foreign teachers from 19 countries to participate in specially arranged programs of visits and observation in the field of elemen¬ tary, secondary, and vocational education, as well as in the teaching of English as a foreign language. Arrangements were made during the year to receive and make programs for approximately 200 foreign teachers from 42 countries under a similar project for 1950-51. The Office developed programs for 166 leaders and specialists from the occupied areas who came to the United States for an average of 90 days to visit and observe in their special fields of education: 105 came from Germany; 47 from Japan; 11 from Austria; and 3 from the Ryukyuan Islands. From the time UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) was first organized, the Office of Education has maintained a vital interest in its work. Over the past several years the Office has worked closely with State boards of education in developing teaching methods and materials for use in instruction in international understanding based on the concept of United Nations. The Office has also endeavored to assist in this effort by providing advice, bibliographies, and materials to interested organizations and institutions. During the academic year 1949-50 approximately 26,500 foreign stu¬ dents were enrolled in American institutions of higher education. This necessitated the evaluation by the Office of Education of 3,387 foreign academic transcripts, and required translation into English from 38 different languages. A program of international correspondence was administered by the Office. This involved the distribution to American schools, colleges, and adult groups of more than 100,000 letters from Germany, Japan, England, and other countries. U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEi 1953 o o 2 m < < a < « Z S i 2 5 0 S |eJ si I si* 2 -n m o z. » O ■o O § 2 o > O H pi > c O u> m m u o o o > < O o /t„ Survey of Education in the l nited States— 1948-50 ! Statistics of State School Systems 1U9-5C FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1948-50: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50 Chapter 2. Statistics cf State School Systems, 1949-50 Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50 Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50 Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1949-50 Chapter 5. Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Sub¬ jects, 1948-49. 30 cents. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1948-50 Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50 David T. Blose and William Jaracz, Specialists in Educational Statistics, prepared this chapter, under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head, Reports and Analysis Unit. 6/ ui ' FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1952 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 30 cents FOREWORD rT,HIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education brings down to the middle of the century the long series of statistical reports by the Office of Education on the public elementary and secondary school system. The first report covered the school year 1869-70. Annual reports were issued from that date through 1915—16; biennial reports have been issued for each school year ending in an even number since 1917-18. Beginning 1940-41, the biennial report has been supplemented by an abridged report issued as a circular for each school year ending in an odd number. An innovation in the present chapter is the expression of certain historical data on expenditures in terms of dollars with the same purchasing power as in 1949—50. The present report, like its predecessors, is limited for the most part to full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, exclusive of junior colleges. Some data are also given for public summer, part-time, and evening schools, as well as for certain non¬ public schools (mainly Catholic parochial) . No account is taken in the present chapter of (a) Federal schools (for children of mili¬ tary personnel, for Indians, or for natives of Alaska) ; (6) public residential schools for exceptional children; or (c) model or train¬ ing schools attached to teachers colleges or universities. (So far as possible, schools in these categories are included in the “Statis¬ tical Summary of Education,” constituting Chapter I of the Biennial Survey.) Not covered in any chapter of the Biennial Survey are private correspondence schools; private commercial or trade schools; and private schools of art, music, dancing, etc., below college grade. The cooperative efforts of many persons have entered into the present chapter. First there are about 1% million teachers, cus¬ todians, bus drivers, and others who report basic data to principals in more than 165,000 elementary and secondary schools. Summary III IV FOREWORD reports from the principals are assembled and summarized by more than 8,000 administrative officials — mainly superintendents and school business officials of county, city, or independent school districts; from whom, in turn, the State departments of education assemble and summarize the facts for report to the Federal Office of Education. In the Office of Education, final editing and sum¬ marization are completed, and the data reported in the present chapter. Each of the groups in this step by step process has had to struggle with the problems of accuracy, completeness, and comparability in consolidating the reports at each level. Another practical problem, of course, relates to promptness by the cooperat¬ ing persons. The present report aptly reflects the clearing-house function of the Office of Education in our characteristic educational system of decentralized control and voluntary cooperation. To all who have helped make this report possible, the Office of Education and the users of this publication owe a debt of gratitude. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief Research and Statistical Standards Section. Ralph C. M. Flynt, Acting Director Program Development and Coordination Branch. CONTENTS Text Page FOREWORD . Ill ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 2 State Boards of Education . 2 Intermediate administrative units . 2 Basic (ultimate) administrative units . 2 Personnel in State, intermediate, and basic (ultimate) units. ... 3 INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 3 Number and classification . 3 Average annual salaries of instructional staff . 4 ENROLLMENT AND ATTENDANCE IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 5 Total enrollment . 5 Elementary school enrollment . 5 High-school enrollment (last 4 years of system and post¬ graduates) . 6 Ratio of public elementary and secondary enrollment to popula¬ tion and attendance . 6 Average daily attendance . 6 Pupil-teacher ratio . 7 PUBLIC HIGH-SCHOOL GRADUATES . 7 SMALL SCHOOLS . 7 SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM . 8 FINANCES OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 8 Receipts . Total expenditure . Current expenditure . Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance 9 Expenditure for transportation of pupils . 10 Capital outlay . 10 Interest . 10 School property . 10 School indebtedness . 11 Retirement funds . 11 V 00 On On VI CONTENTS Page PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR NEGROES . 11 Enrollment . 12 Attendance and school term . 12 Teachers and other instructional staff . 12 Finances . 12 NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION . 13 Text Tables I. Average annual salary per member of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, unadjusted and adjusted to 1949-50 purchasing power, by State, for specified years . 14 II. Enrollment and average daily attendance in full-time elementary and secondary day schools, and ratio (percent) of average daily at¬ tendance to enrollment, for specified years . 15 III. Enrollment in full-time elementary and secondary day schools and percent of change, by grade, for specified years . 15 IV. Enrollment in public high-school grades (last 4 years of secondary school system) and percent of change, by sex, for specified years . 16 V. School attendance of noninstitutional population aged 5-17 years (public and nonpublic schools), October 1949 . 16 VI. Average length of school term in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, for specified years . 17 VII. Average number of days attended in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, per pupil enrolled, for specified years . 17 VIII. Number of pupils in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, per classroom teacher, by State, for specified years . 18 IX. Number of 1-room 1-teacher public-school buildings in use, for specified years . 19 X. Revenue receipts of public-school systems, by source, for specified years . 20 XI. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation obtained from State, county, and local sources, respectively, by State, for specified years . 21 XII. Sources of revenue receipts of State school systems (elementary and secondary education) , and comparison of revenue receipts, 1947-48 and 1949-50 . 22 XIII. Expenditure of State school systems (elementary and secondary education), excluding debt retirement, by purpose, for specified years. . 22 XFV. Current expenditure (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 23 CONTENTS VII Page Text Tables — Cont. XV. Expenditures for transportation of pupils, excluding purchase of busses, for 20 States, 1949-50 . 24 XVI. School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 25 XVII. Statement of retirement funds for staff of public elementary and secondary schools, as of July 1, 1950 . 26 XVIII. Total expenditures in Negro elementary and secondary public schools in 7 Southern States for specified years . 27 XIX. Teachers and enrollments in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools, for specified years . 27 Basic Tables 1. Statistical Summary of public elementary and secondary schools: 1870-1950 . 28 2. Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and ultimate or basic administrative units, by State: 1949-50 . 30 3. Number of ultimate or basic administrative units, by level of instruc¬ tion offered, by State: 1949-50 . 32 4. Number of personnel in State offices of education, by State: 1949-50 34 5. Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State : 1949-50 . 36 6. Number of health, transportation, and custodial employees in public schools, by State : 1949-50 . 38 7. Percent of men teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 40 8. Number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and sec¬ ondary day schools, by State: for specified years . 42 9. Population and number of pupils enrolled in full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, by State: 1949-50 . 44 10. Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public day schools, for speci¬ fied years . 46 11. Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1949-50 . 47 12. Public high-school graduates, and data pertaining to summer schools and adult education classes, by State: 1949-50 . 50 13. Percent of total population and percent of population aged 5—17 enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 52 14. Average daily attendance, aggregate days attended, and average membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1949-50 . 54 VIII CONTENTS Page Basic Tables — Cont. 15. Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and sec¬ ondary day schools, for specified years . 56 16. Average length of term and school attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years .... 58 17. Number of schools, elementary and secondary; number, enroll¬ ment, and percent of teachers in 1-teacher schools; and number of, and enrollment in, 2- and 3-teacher schools: 1949-50 . 60 18. Number of pupils transported, number of vehicles, and expendi¬ tures for transportation, by State: 1949-50 . 62 19. Number of ultimate or basic administrative units and number of teaching positions, by State: 1949-50 . 64 20. Current expenditure for administration (general control) by each tax-unit (State, county, and local) and lunch program statistics, by State: 1949-50 . 66 21. Balance on hand from school year 1948-49, and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands, by State: 1949-50. . 68 22. Income from appropriation and taxation, by State: 1949-50 . 70 23. Income from miscellaneous revenue sources and total revenue re¬ ceipts, by State: 1949-50 . 72 24. Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts, by State: 1949-50. . 74 25. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts, by State: 1949-50 . 76 26. Current expenditure for administration (general control) and for instruction, by State: 1949-50 . 78 27. Current expenditure for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary serv¬ ices, by State : 1949—50 . 80 28. Current expenditure for fixed charges, and total current expendi¬ ture, by State: 1949-50 . 82 29. Expenditures for capital outlay, by State : 1949-50 . 84 30. Summary of expenditures, and detail on debt retirement, by State: 1949-50 . 86 31. Expenditures for public elementary and secondary education per capita of population and per pupil in average daily attendance, by State: 1949-50 . 88 32. Cost value of public property used for public elementary and sec¬ ondary school purposes, by State: 1949-50 . 90 33. Permanent school funds, school lands, and debt funds, by State: 1949-50 . 92 34. School bonds and other forms of school indebtedness, by State: 1949-50 . 94 35. Status of retirement funds for employees of public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1949-50 . 96 CONTENTS IX Page Basic Tables — Cont. 36. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1919-20 to 1949-50 . 98 37. Instructional staff and number of clerical assistants in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 . 99 38. Percent of men teachers in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years . 100 39. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years . 101 40. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools, in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 . 102 41. Number of pupils enrolled, number of high-school graduates, and enrollment in 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 . 103 42. School attendance and average length of school term for Negro public day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 . 104 43. White and Negro enrollment, instructional staff, teacher load, length of school term, attendance, and unit expenditures in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 . 105 44. Current expenditures for administration, instruction, operation, and maintenance of plant, and auxiliary services in Negro public schools in 10 States and the District of Columbia keeping separate records: 1949-50 . 106 45. Expenditure for fixed charges, capital outlay, interest, and debt re¬ tirement, and annual daily expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in Negro public schools in 8 States and the District of Columbia keeping separate records: 1949-50 . 107 46. Number of Negro public elementary and secondary schools, cost value of Negro school property, and transportation data for Negro schools in 16 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50. . 108 47. Number of teachers employed in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools, by State : 1949-50 . 109 48. Number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools, by State: 1949-50 . Ill 49. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and secondary schools: 1949-50 . 114 ' Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50 rr»HIS CHAPTER is devoted, with minor exceptions, to data on public elementary and secondary education for 1949-50.1 The exceptions re¬ ferred to are: (1) three tables at the end of the chapter, which contain statistics for nonpublic (private and parochial) elementary and secondary schools;2 and (2) table V, which present figures for the combined attendance of both public and nonpublic school pupils for October 1949; and (3) an occasional table which sets forth data for years prior to 1949-50. The data are concerned, for the most part, with the 48 States and the District of Columbia; the outlying parts3 are, however, covered to some extent. Figures for the continental United States include the District of Columbia. Comparisons between individual States and the District, however, should not be made, since the school system of the latter is more comparable to that of a large city than that of an entire State, in which both rural and city schools are included. For some time the Office of Education, in conjunction with other agencies (particularly the State Departments of Education and the Association of School Business Officials) , has encouraged the adoption of uniform terminol¬ ogy and definitions in school records, accounts, and reports. Data for this chapter were furnished by State Departments of Education to the Federal Security Agency, Office of Education. The State reports were, in turn, based on data supplied by some 85,000 basic (ultimate) administra¬ tive units, and represent the cooperative effort of some million and a half individuals, including superintendents, supervisors, principals, teachers, and other instructional and noninstructional staff. This report constitutes perhaps the most comprehensive summarization of statistics on elementary and secondary education in the United States. It 1 Not including public residential schools for exceptional children, nor Federal schools for Indians and natives of Alaska. Data for the former category, for 1947—48, are available in chapter 5 of the Biennial Survey of Education, Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children (Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950) . Data for the latter category are published by the Department of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. 2 Not including private residential schools for exceptional children, nor private vocational and trade schools. Data for the former category, for 1947—48, are available in chapter 5 of the Biennial Survey cited in footnote 1. No data are available for the latter category. 8 Alaska, American Samoa, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. When “total United States” figures are cited in text they do not include these outlying parts. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 furnished basic information for the formulation of educational policies and procedures. A summary of this information is presented in table l.4 Much additional basic information pertaining to school activities is avail¬ able in the files of the Office of Education and the library of the Federal Security Agency. This material consists of annual or biennial reports, cir¬ culars, laws, and other publications of the several States. Administrative Organization of Public Elementary and Secondary Education State Boards of Education Forty-three States have State boards of education, 4 have vocational boards, and 1 has both a State board and a vocational board (table 2). The authority of these boards ranges from that of serving in an advisory capacity to that of formulating policies and exercising administrative responsibilities. In many States the boards are assisted by professional and clerical staffs. The tendency at present is for one State board to have control of all elemen¬ tary and secondary education, including vocational. Intermediate Administrative Units Intermediate units for public-school administration include counties, parts of counties, townships, and supervisory unions set up between the State and the basic (ultimate) units. Although the responsibilities of intermediate units vary considerably, their primary purpose is to provide administrative and supervisory services to the smaller units composing them. There were approximately 1,100 such units in 1949-50 (table 3), an increase of some 8 percent over 1947-48. Basic (Ultimate) Administrative Units Each of the approximately 85,000 basic (ultimate) units (table 3) is directly responsible for the functioning of its own schools. The geographic area served by the basic administrative unit is principally the local school district , of which there were approximately 82,000 in 1949-50. There was a decline of some 12 percent in the number of basic units and local school dis¬ tricts from 1947-48 to 1949-50, indicating considerable consolidation. In some States (West Virginia and Florida, for example), the ultimate administrative unit serves an entire county. In such cases, the county super¬ intendent has both administrative and operating responsibilities for all the schools in the county; no subordinate school authority reports directly to the State Department of Education; and no intermediate administrative unit is required. Finally, a few ultimate units (the unorganized territories of Maine and Wisconsin, and the State unit in Delaware, for instance) are operated directly by the State Department of Education. * Roman numerals indicate text tables; Arabic numerals indicate basic tables, found in the latter part of the chapter. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Each basic (ultimate) administrative unit has a board, usually of from three to nine members, vested with policy-making and supervisory authority. Board members hold their positions by grace of statutory provisions for the administration of the school system. There were approximately 280,000 school board members in 1949-50 (table 2), some 40,000, or 12 percent, fewer than in 1947-48. This again highlights the continuing trend toward consolidation among administrative units. Personnel in State ? Intermediate , and Basic (Ultimate) Units State offices of education reported staffs of more than 8,500 individuals, made up of approximately 3,700 professional staff members, 4,600 clerical assistants, and more than 200 operation and maintenance employees (table 4). This constitutes an increase of approximately 2,000 persons, or 31 percent, in State offices of education since 1947-48. This increase is at least partially the result of the assumption of duties entailed in administering new activities, such as the school lunch program. Professional staffs of these offices include superintendents or commissioners, deputy or assistant super¬ intendents or commissioners, directors of divisions and chiefs of organized services, and supervisory personnel functioning at the State level. Intermediate units, operating between State and local levels, reported staffs consisting of some 4,500 superintendents and other professional per¬ sonnel, and approximately 1,500 clerical employees. The administrative offices of the basic (ultimate) administrative units were staffed by some 18,000 superintendents and professional personnel, approximately 6,300 attendance personnel, and more than 22,000 clerical assistants, making a total of some 47,000 (table 2). In addition, the basic (ultimate) units employed approximately 9,200 supervisors, 39,000 princi¬ pals, and 914,000 teachers (table 5). Noninstructional personnel (tables 5 and 6), many of whom are part time, engage in clerical, health, dental, recreational, transportation, cafe¬ teria, and operation and maintenance duties. It is estimated5 that more than 250,000 of such personnel are employed in basic (ultimate) units. Instructional Staff in Public Elementary and Secondary Education Number and Classification The instructional staff (table 5) in 1949-50 consisted of approximately 914,000 teachers, 9,200 supervisors, and 39,000 principals. This constitutes a total of some 962,000, an increase of 6 percent over 1947-48. The duty of supervisors is to direct the teaching plans and procedures of teachers at a particular level or in a particular subject. Principals usually administer 6 It is necessary to estimate this total inasmuch as all States do not submit data on noninstructional personnel. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 a building or group of buildings under a superintendent, with or without the aid of supervisors. The instructional staff includes all persons who supply services supplemental to instruction, such as library work, study hall, and guidance. The percentage of men teachers (table 7) declined from 41.0 in 1870-71 to 14.1 in 1919-20. In subsequent years the proportion of men teachers has fluctuated within a range of from 15.3 to 22.2 percent. During World War II, in 1943-44, men teachers constituted only 15.3 percent of the total. Since then there has been a steady increase: 16.6 percent in 1945-46, 18.8 per¬ cent in 1947-48, and 21.3 percent in 1949-50. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff The Office of Education has collected data on salaries of total instructional staff (supervisors, principals, and teachers) from 1919-20 until the present. Prior to that year information on salaries of teachers only had been gathered (table 1) . It was not until 1912-13 that the average annual salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary schools attained the sum of five hundred dollars. The period since 1929-30 has been characterized — except for the years from 1933-34 to 1937-38 — by steady increases. When expressed in terms of 1949-50 dollars* 6 (table I),7 however, the increases are not quite as large as they appear. The average annual salary for the United States,8 to illustrate, was $1,420 in 1929-30 and $3,010 in 1949-50 in terms of unadjusted dollars. This constitutes an increase of 112 percent. When the 1929-30 figure is expressed in terms of a 1949-50 dollar, however, the increase is only 50 percent. This is, it cannot be denied, still a considerable improvement in the lot of the teacher. It can scarely stand comparison, however, with improvements in other sectors of the labor force. The average annual income per full-time employee in “agriculture, forestry, and fisheries” in 1929-30, for example, was $442, admittedly very low; in 1949-50 it was $1,357 — an increase, in unadjusted dollars, of some 207 percent. This in¬ crease is some 85 percent greater than that which obtained among members of the instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools. The shortage of teachers can hardly be overcome if the conditions of other workers, who require less training, improves at a more rapid rate. It might be added that incomes of workers in mining and manufacturing also increased more than those of public-school teachers, although not as much as those in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries.9 8 In adjusting to 1949—50 dollars, use was made of the Consumers’ Price Index, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor. 7 Table I is the only table in which cognizance has been taken of the depreciation in the value of the dollar. It is strongly suggested, however, that this fact be taken into consideration when making historical comparisons of the data set forth in this chapter. 8 Throughout this text the “United States” refers to the continental United States, and excludes the out¬ lying parts unless otherwise noted. 8 Information on earnings in fields other than education is derived from dgtg in A Supplement to the purvey of Current Business, National Income, 1951 Edition, p. 184-85, STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 Extraordinary differences (table I) exist in salaries paid by the several States. The figure for the State paying the highest average annual salary was three times that for the one paying the lowest. Enrollment and Attendance in Public Elementary and Secondary Education Total Enrollment The secular increase in enrollments reflects three things : ( 1 ) an increasing number of children in the school-age population; (2) a greater proportion of that school-age population actually attending school; and (3) a tendency for those actually attending to remain in school longer. There were 7.5 million pupils in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools in 1870-71. An increase was recorded in each decennial subse¬ quently until the total reached 25.7 million in 1929-30 (table 8) ; and 26.4 million in 1933-34 (table II). Enrollments declined in each of the following 11 years, reaching a modern low of 23.2 million in 1944-45. Subsequently there has been an increase in each year, with 25.1 being the figure for 1949- 50. The increases in enrollment for the last 5 years over each preceding year were 0.3 percent, 1.5 percent, 1.2 percent, 2.2 percent, and 2.6 percent. With the exception of the increase of 1.2 percent from 1946-4.7 to 1947-48, enroll¬ ment for these last 5 years has increased at an increasing rate. The real increases have been somewhat greater than the percentages show due to the fact that each year the enrollment data became better, from the national point of view, as the States adopt the use Ex and E2 enrollments. Ei enrollments are the “First entry of pupil in this State during the school year; pupil NOT previously entered in another State during that school year.” E2 enrollments are the “First entry of pupil in this State during the school year; pupil previously entered in ANOTHER State during that school year.” The Ex enrollments reported in recent years (in order to eliminate duplica¬ tions in the United States total are relatively smaller than the total Ex -j- E2 enrollment, reported in earlier years. In addition to table 8, cited above, enrollment data are presented in tables 9 (population and enrollment, by level and sex, by State), 10 (enrollment by grade, for specified years), 11 (enrollment by grade and State), and 12 (enrollment in summer schools and in adult education classes) . Elementary School Enrollment Enrollment reached its highest point, 21.3 million, in 1929-30 (table 1). Tt declined in each subsequent year through 1944-45 (to 17.7 million), after which year enrollment increased again, ending with 19.4 million in 1949-50 (table 10) . The increase in enrollment in each of the last 5 years over each preceding year was, respectively, 0.07 percent, 0.8 percent, 2.6 percent, 2.9 percent, and 3.1 percent. This constitutes an increasing rate of increase. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 10 contains a breakdown of elementary and secondary enrollments, by grade, from 1938-39 to 1949-50; and table III supplements this data with percentage changes in grade enrollments for selected years. High-School Enrollment ( Last 4 Years of System and Postgraduates ) Enrollment in full-time public secondary day schools reached its peak of more than 6.7 million in 1940-41 (table IV). It declined 4.9 percent, 4.2 percent, and 9.3 percent in 1941-42, 1942-43, and 1943-44, respectively. The enrollment of fewer than 5.6 million in 1943-44 was the low for the decade. The figure of 5.7 million for 1949-50 is still approximately 1 million (15.0 percent) below that for 1940-41. Declines in enrollment reflect the decline in birth rate during the 1930’s. The increased birth rate of the past decade will be reflected in increased enrollments in the future. The increase in enrollment of 0.1 percent and 0.9 percent for 1948-49 and 1949-50, respectively, may be the beginning of this trend. Ratio of Public Elementary and Secondary Enrollment to Population and Attendance 'From 61.5 percent in 1870-71, the total number of children aged 5-17 who were enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools increased to 85.3 percent in 1939-40 (table 13). There was a decline, how¬ ever, to 81.6 percent in 1949-50. The decline during the last decade may be attributed to three factors: (1) increased non-public-school enrollment; (2) reduced retardation ; and (3) parenthetically, improved pupil accounting procedure. The percentage of enrollment in daily attendance increased from 86.7 to 88.7 during the last 10 years. Table V presents data10 on the combined attendance of pupils and non¬ public-school pupils for October 1949. Average Daily Attendance The average daily attendance for 1949-50 was just short of 22.3 million (table XIV), a figure which represents 88.7 percent of total enrollment, the highest for any year since 1870-71. Table 15 gives the average daily attend¬ ance from 1870-71 to 1949-50. From 1947-48 to 1949-50 the average length of term (table 16) increased almost imperceptibly, from 177.6 to 177.9 days. This is, however, the highest figure to date, and continues a steady trend in the direction of longer terms. A similar situation exists in the case of the average number of days at¬ tended by each pupil enrolled. The figure for 1949—50 is 157.9 days (as contrasted with 155.1 for 1947-48) , and continues the trend toward a greater number of days attended by each enrollee. 10 Taken from Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Series P—20, No. 30 — April 26, 1950, School Enrollment of the Civilian Population: October 1949. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 Tables VI and VII demonstrate, respectively, that the trend among the several States is toward a longer term and a greater number of days attended by each enrollee. Pupil-Teacher Ratio The pupil-teacher load, excluding supervisors and principals (table VIII), based on average daily attendance, increased from 24.3 in 1947-48 to 24.4 in 1949-50; based on enrollment, it decreased from 27.8 to 27.5 for the corresponding years. When computed on the basis of average daily attend¬ ance, it ranged from 14.9 to 30.2 in 1949-50 as compared with 15.0 to 29.8 in 1947^48. When computed on the basis of enrollment, the corresponding figures for 1949-50 are 16.5 and 33.8, as compared to those for 1947-48 of 17.0 and 33.6, respectively. Public High-School Graduates During 1949-50 some 10,000 fewer pupils graduated from public high schools than during 1947-48 (table 12). These graduates, more than a million of them, constituted 61.5 percent of the class entering in 1945-46 and 94.7 of those enrolled in the twelfth grade in 1949-50. Essentially the same ratios obtained in 1947-48. Small Schools Notwithstanding the fact that considerable consolidation has taken place, small public schools, restricted in what they can offer and expensive to the community, still linger on the educational scene (table IX). In 1949-50 there were just under 60,000 one-teacher schools. Although all States sub¬ mitted data on one-teacher schools, only 30 submitted information on enroll¬ ment in such schools (table 17) . The average enrollment in one-teacher schools for those States reporting enrollment data was 17.3. There were 26 States which submitted information on both number of, and enrollment in, two-teacher schools; and 22 States which submitted sim¬ ilar data for three-teacher schools. The average enrollment for those States reporting both sets of figures was 50.2 pupils per two-teacher school and 88.7 per three-teacher school. Small schools are related to small school districts. A total of more than 50,000 basic (ultimate) units in 35 States (out of a total of some 83,000 for the country as a whole) reported on the number of teachers per unit (table 19). Of this universe of 50,000 units, more than 10,000 reported no teaching positions (presumably children are transported to other districts) ; more than 20,000 reported one teacher; and almost 10,000 reported at least 2, but fewer than 10, teachers — many doing their teaching in one-room schools. Assuming that the 50,000 units are representative of the universe, it appears 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 that some 81 percent of basic (ultimate) administrative units of the Nation have fewer than 10 teachers. School Lunch Program On June 4, 1946, Congress passed the School Lunch Act, which made provision for the Department of Agriculture to subsidize the purchase of certain food items and provide certain surpluses free for school-lunch pur¬ poses. During 1949-50 the share of public schools in the School Lunch Program was $76.4 million, of which $16.8 million was received in kind (Surplus Commodities Program). All States have provided staffs for the supervision of this program. Some 44,000 schools served school lunches each day to an average of more than 5.9 million pupils, the largest number served at any one time being 6.8 million. The value of this program for the health of the Nation can scarcely be overestimated, particularly in view of the opportunity it provides for teaching children to choose healthful and nutritious food. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Education Inasmuch as public-school property is worth approximately $11.4 billion, and, further, inasmuch as school expenditures exceeded $5.8 billion in 1949-50, it cannot be denied that finance has become a considerable factor in school administration. Increasing expenditures are anticipated in coming years, especially in view of the fact that enrollment is increasing and that a large building program has been started. Receipts Revenue receipts increased from $4.3 billion in 1947-48 to $5.4 billion in 1949-50 (table X) , an increase of some 26.2 percent. The increase from 1945-46 to 1947-48 was 40.9 percent. Revenue receipts consist of appropriations from general Government funds, receipts from taxes levied for school purposes, income from perma¬ nent funds, receipts from leases of school lands, Federal aid for vocational education and school lunches, and receipts from miscellaneous sources (tables 21 to 25). When the sources (Federal, State, county, and “local and subsidies”) of revenue receipts are analyzed, it becomes evident that the secular trend is for receipts from State Governments and the Federal Government to increase and for those from County Governments and from “local (governments) and subsidies” (from educational foundations) to decline. Receipts from local sources, however, although a decreasing proportion of the total, still play the predominant role, constituting 51.2 percent of total revenue receipts in 1949-50; and receipts from the Federal Government, although an increasing proportion of the total, play a relatively minor role, constituting but 2.9 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 percent of the total in 1949-50. State and County Governments accounted for 39.8 percent and 6.1 percent of total revenue receipts, respectively, in 1949-50. Table XI presents information on the breakdown of receipts from taxation and appropriation — which constitute all but a small part of total revenue receipts: 92.4 percent in 1949-50 (table XII) — by source (State, county, and local). This information corroborates the conclusion cited above: namely, that the secular trend has been for an increasing share of educational sup¬ port to originate with the State Government, and, concomitantly, for decreas¬ ing shares to come from County and local governments. This appears to be salutary in that it tends to improve educational standards for those local units which are less favored financially. Non-revenue receipts increased from $557.9 million in 1947-48 to $964 million in 1949-50, an increase of 72.8 percent. All but some $100 million of this sum was derived from the sale of bonds and loans, and will be used for new construction. Total Expenditure Total expenditure (current expenditure, capital outlay, and interest) by full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, summer schools, and adult classes was in excess of $5.8 billion in 1949-50 (table 30). A break¬ down of this total into its component parts, for selected years, is set forth in table XIII. Current Expenditure Current expenditure embraces administration (general control) (tables 20 and 26) , instruction (table 26) , operation of plant, maintenance of plant, auxiliary services11 (table 27), and fixed charges12 (table 28). In 1949-50 total current expenditure was just under $4.7 billion (table 30), of which $33.8 million was for community services — not chargeable to the education of pupils. (The figures for current expenditure for selected years since 1929-30, broken down into their component parts, can be found in table XIII). A considerable increase has taken place in all accounts; expenditure for instruction and auxiliary services has, however, shown the greatest increase. The school lunch program has contributed greatly to the expanding of the latter account. Annual Current Expenditure per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance The annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance13 for 1949- 50 was some $209, as contrasted with some $179 for 1947-48 (tables XIV 11 Include transportation of pupils, school health services, the school lunch program, and deficits for extracurricular activities. 13 Include expenditures for insurance and school contributions to teacher retirement funds. Interest is not included ; it is a separate account. 13 Derived by dividing total current expenditure (excluding community services) for full-time public elementary and secondary day schools by average daily attendance. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 and 31). The differences among the several States are great, the range in 1949-50 being from approximately $80 to $295, as contrasted with a range of from approximately $32 to $138 in 1929-30. Expenditure for Transportation of Pupils The transportation account has increased from $176.3 million in 1947-48 to $214.5 million in 1949—50, some 21.9 percent. Although all States re¬ ported total expenditure for transportation, only 20 were able to allocate this total among operation, maintenance, and “other (including contract service) .” These latter data (table XV) should be of value to those especially interested in transportation expenditure. The transportation at public expense of 6.9 million pupils, or 27.7 percent of all pupils enrolled (table 18), costs $31 per pupil transported for the Nation as a whole. We may expect more pupils to be transported at public expense in the future, not only in view of the anticipated increase in enroll¬ ment, but also because of the continuing trend toward consolidation of small districts into larger units. Capital Outlay During the war year 1943-44, expenditure for capital outlay declined to a low of $53.9 million. It increased to $111 million in 1945-46, and to $412.4 million in 1947-48. The figure for 1949-50 is slightly in excess of one bil¬ lion dollars (table 29). We may anticipate a continuing trend upward, inasmuch as a building program is in progress which will offset depreciation and war-delayed construction, and will provide capacity to absorb the antici¬ pated increase in enrollment which is a concomitant of an increased birth rate. Interest The figure for interest payments for 1949-50, in excess of $100 million (table 30), constitutes an increase of some 25 percent. This reverses a war¬ time trend toward smaller interest payments, the result of the dearth of school construction and a concomitant retiring of old bonds more rapidly than new ones were issued. In view of the current and anticipated increase in construction, we may anticipate a considerable increase in interest pay¬ ments in the future. Table XVI contains data on expenditure for interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance for selected years. School Property Total investment in public-school property (plant) amounts to $11.4 billion (original cost), or $454 per pupil enrolled (table 32). These figures constitute considerable increases over the corresponding figures for 1947-48, or $9.2 billion and $385, respectively. In addition to plant, the assets of school systems consist of $877 million in permanent funds (table 33) — the interest on which must be used for school purposes — , and some 31 million STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 acres of school lands which have not as yet been sold, and some of which are being leased to provide some $8 million of income for school purposes (table 21). School Indebtedness School indebtedness (bonds, short-term loans, and bills outstanding from the preceding year) amounted to $3.1 billion in 1931-32, but had declined to $2.1 billion by 1945-46. Increases were recorded for the following two biennials, the amounts being $2.6 and $3.3 billion in 1947-48 and 1949-50 (table 34), respectively. These increases reflect, of course, increased building activity. Indebtedness per pupil in average daily attendance varies greatly among the several States, the range being, in 1949-50, from slightly more than $6 to almost $322 (table XVI). A few of the States were unable to furnish data on indebtedness; in such instances the amounts reported by cities were used. In some States, further¬ more, all debt is handled by cities or towns, rather than by a separate school administrative unit — which increases the difficulties in obtaining accurate and comparable data. Retirement Funds All States provide some form of pension or retirement for their profes¬ sional staffs, and, in many cases, for all school employees. Many States (and cities) provide for all their employees, both school and nonschool. An attempt has been made to assemble such data by States, separating retire¬ ment expenditure for educational from other governmental personnel where such were embraced by a single retirement system. Tables XVII and 35 present as complete a set of data as it was possible to assemble, given the inherent difficulties. The balance of approximately $2.5 billion in 1949-50 (table 35) is some $0.5 billion greater than that in 1947-48. Public Elementary and Secondary Schools for Negroes 14 Inasmuch as separate schools for white and for Negro pupils are main¬ tained by 17 States15 and the District of Columbia, the Office of Education requests that separate reports be submitted. Many of the data requested on schools for Negroes are not, however, available, the result of the present methods of keeping records, and there is a tendency, furthermore, to keep only one set of financial accounts for the two races. 14 Data on Negro schools (tables 36 to 45) are also incorporated in all tables containing data for public elementary and secondary schools. 15 Some de facto segregated schools for Negroes also exist in a few additional States where segregation of Negro school children is not uniformly or systematically practiced. No attempt is made in this report to present separate statistics for such schools. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Enrollment Enrollment in public Negro elementary and secondary schools continued to increase until 1939-40. The declining birth rate of the 1930’s, together with war conditions in general, however, was reflected in a decline in enroll¬ ment during the period 1940-41 to 1945-46, the low point of the decade being recorded in the latter year. Increases, reflecting a higher birth rate in the 1940’s and a tendency for a greater proportion of youth of high-school age to attend high school, were recorded in the following two biennials, 2.4 million being the figure for 1949-50 (table 36). Inherent in this figure is an increase of 2.6 percent in elementary enrollment in 1949-50 over 1947-48, and one of 13.0 percent in high-school enrollment. An increasing proportion of total enrollment consists of high-school pupils. The figures for 1945-46, 1947-48, and 1949-50 were 12.0, 13.0, and 14.1 percent, respectively. Attendance and School Term In 1945-46 average daily attendance was just under 1.9 million, some 81.1 percent of all enrollees; in 1947-48, somewhat more than 1.9 million, some 83.4 percent of enrollees; and in 1949-50 (table 42), in excess of 2.0 million, some 85.3 percent of enrollees. The percentage of attendance has increased in each biennium since 1870-71, when statistics were first col¬ lected by the Office of Education. The average length of school term has increased from 171.6 days in 1947-48 to 173.4 in 1949-50. The average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled increased from 97 days in 1929-30, to 143.1 in 1947-48, and 147.9 in 1949-50. Teachers and Other Instructional Staff There were 71.4 thousand teachers16 in Negro public schools in 1949-50, as compared with 67.1 thousand in 1947-48, an increase of some 6.3 per¬ cent. In 1947-48 the pupil-teacher load in white schools was 29.117 and in Negro schools, 34.4. The corresponding figures for 1949-50 were 28.7 and 33.6. Insofar as salaries are concerned, only 10 States and the District of Columbia submitted data from which average salaries could be calculated (table 43). In 4 of the cases the average salary of Negro teachers compared quite favorably with that for white teachers. In the remaining 7 cases the average salary of Negro teachers was lower, in some instances, considerably. Finances It is difficult to obtain financial data on Negro schools, inasmuch as even in those States in which segregation obtains and in which separate records are maintained, this separation extends, in general, only to personnel, and not to financial, data. Data for some States are available*, however, and indi- 18 Including other instructional staff (exclusive of supervisors and principals) . 17 This is the figure for the 17 States (and the District of Columbia) in which segregation obtains. The pupil-teacher ratio for the entire United States was 27.8 in 1947-48 and 27.5 in 1949—50. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 cate considerable increases in expenditure for Negro elementary and sec¬ ondary public schools (table XVIII). Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Tables 47 and 48 give the number of teachers and pupils in nonpublic (private and parochial) elementary and secondary schools. Table 49 gives the number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Roman Catholic schools. Table XIX shows the number of non-public-school teachers and pupils for selected years. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table /. — Average annual salary per member of instructional staff 1 in full¬ time public elementary and secondary day schools , unadjusted and adjusted to 1949-50 purchasing power , by State, for specified years State, by region Average salary in unadjusted dollars \/ ■/ \ y Average salary adjusted to purchasing power in 1949-50 dollars 2 1929- 30 1939- 40 1943- 44 1947- 48 1949- 50 1929- 30 1939- 40 1943- 44 1947- 48 1949- 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States $1,420 $1,441 $1,728 $2,639 $3,010 $2,006 $2,437 $2,347 $2,673 $3,010 New England: Maine _ 942 894 1,158 1,767 2,115 1,331 1,512 1,573 1,790 2,115 New Hampshire. _ 1,254 1,258 1,366 2,355 2,712 1,772 2,127 1,855 2,386 2,712 Vermont _ 963 981 1,165 2,066 2,348 1,361 1,659 1,582 2,093 2,348 Massachusetts - 1,875 2,037 2,219 3,103 3,338 2,649 3,445 3,013 3,143 3,338 Rhode Island _ 1,437 1,809 2,042 3,105 3,294 2,030 3,059 2,773 3,145 3,294 Connecticut _ 1,812 1,861 2,019 3,249 3,558 2,560 3,147 2,742 3,291 3,558 Middle Atlantic: New York _ 2,493 2,604 2,726 3,476 3,706 3,523 4,403 3,702 3,521 3,706 New Jersey _ 2,113 2,093 2,353 3,102 3,511 2,986 3,539 3,195 3,142 3,511 Pennsylvania _ 1,620 1,640 1,972 2,597 3/006 2,289 2,773 2,678 2,631 3,006 East North Central: Ohio _ 1,665 1,587 1,912 2,847 3,088 2,353 2,684 2,596 2,884 3,088 Indiana _ 1,466 1,433 1,833 3,073 3,401 2,071 2,423 2,489 3,113 3,401 Illinois _ 1,630 1,700 2,018 3,016 3,458 2,303 2,875 2,740 3,055 3,458 Michigan _ 1,534 1,576 2,013 3,020 .3,420 2,168 2,665 2,734 3,059 3,420 Wisconsin _ 1,399 1,379 1,705 2,560 3,007 1,977 2,332 2,315 2,593 3,007 West North Central: Minnesota _ 1,251 1,276 1,567 2,482 ~*r 3,013 1,768 2,158 2,128 2,514 3,013 Iowa _ 1,094 1,017 1,289 2,088 2,420 1,546 1,720 1,750 2,115 2,420 Missouri _ 1,235 1,159 1,410 2,099 2,581 1,745 1,960 1,915 2,126 2,581 North Dakota _ 900 745 1,059 1,665 2,324 1,272 1,260 1,438 1,687 2,324 South Dakota _ 956 807 1,158 1,883 2,064 1,351 1,365 1,573 1,907 2,064 Nebraska _ 1,077 829 1,159 1,919 2,292 1,522 1,402 1,574 1,944 2,292 Kansas _ _ 1,159 1,014 1,313 2,191 2,628 1,638 1,715 1,783 2,219 2,628 South Atlantic: Delaware _ 1,570 1,684 1,932 2,642 3,273 2,218 2,848 2,624 2,676 3,273 Maryland - 1,518 1,642 2,069 3,321 3,594 2,145 2,777 2,810 3,364 3,594 Virginia _ 861 899 1,308 2,062 2,328 1,217 1,520 1,776 2,089 2,328 West Virginia _ 1,023 1,170 1,508 2,364 2,4i25 1,445 1,978 2,048 2,395 2,425 North Carolina _ 873 946 1,342 2,114 2,688 1,234 1,600 1,822 2,141 2,688 South Carolina _ 788 743 973 1,742 1,891 1,113 1,256 1,321 1,765 1,891 Georgia _ 684 770 923 1,724 1,963 966 1,302 1,253 1,746 1,963 Florida _ 876 1,012 1,390 2,641 2,958 1,238 1,711 1,888 2,675 2,958 District of Columbia _ 2,269 2,350 2,610 3,411 3,920 3,206 3,974 3,544 3,455 3,920 East South Central: Kentucky _ 896 826 1,158 1,884 1,936 1,266 1,397 1,573 1,908 1,936 Tennessee _ 902 862 1,062 1,901 2,302 1,275 1,458 1,442 1,926 2,302 Alabama _ 792 744 1,009 1,957 2,111 1,119 1,258 1,370 1,982 2,111 Mississippi _ 620 559 790 1,256 1,416 876 945 1,073 1,272 1,416 West South Central: Arkansas _ 673 584 845 1,545 1,801 951 988 1,148 1,565 1,801 Louisiana _ 941 1,006 1,427 2,236 2,983 1,330 1,701 1,938 2,265 2,983 Oklahoma _ 1,070 1,014 1,429 2,277 2,786 1,512 1,715 1,941 2,307 2,736 Texas _ 924 1,079 1,329 2,585 3,122 1,306 1,825 1,805 2,619 3,122 Mountain : Montana _ 1,215 1,184 1,453 2,582 2,962 1,717 2,002 1,973 2,616 2,962 Idaho _ 1,200 1,057 1,379 2,239 2,481 1,696 1,787 1,873 2,268 2,481 Wyoming _ 1,239 1,169 1,471 2,187 2,798 1,751 1,977 1,998 2,215 2,798 Colorado _ 1,453 1,393 1,600 2,540 2,821 2,053 2,356 2,173 2,573 2,821 New Mexico _ 1,113 1,144 1,456 2,741 3,215 1,573 1,935 1,977 2,777 3,215 Arizona _ 1,637 1,544 1,903 3,136 i,556 2,313 2,611 2,584 3,177 3,556 Utah _ 1,330 1,394 1,792 2,968 3,103 1,879 2,357 2,434 3,007 3,103 Nevada _ 1,483 1,557 1,876 2,988 3,209 2,095 2,633 2,548 3,027 3,209 Pacific: Washington _ 1,556 1,706 2,099 3,325 3,487 2,199 2,885 2,850 3,368 3,487 Oregon _ 1,612 1,333 1,809 2,941 3,323 2,278 2,254 2,457 2,979 3,323 California _ 2,123 2,351 2,616 3,690 4,268 3,000 3,976 3,553 3,738 4,268 ■— — " 1 Instructional staff consists of supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 Adjusted according to Consumers’ Price Index, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 Table II. — Enrollment and average daily attendance in full-time elementary and secondary day schools, and ratio (percent) of average daily attendance to enrollment, for specified years Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily- attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1909-10 17,814 12,827 •1 • ' 72.0 1941-42 _ 24,562 21,031 85.6 1919-20. . ___ 21,578 16,150 1 74.8 1942-43 _ 24,155 20,293 84.0 1929-30- 25,678 21,265 82.8 1943-44 -3~Xj1 23,267 19,603 84.3 1931-32 _ _ 26,275 22,245 84.7 1944-45 _ 23,226 19,671 84.7 1933-34 _ 26 , 434 22,458 85.0 1945-46 _ 23,300 19 , 849 85.2 1935-36 26,367 22,299 84.6 1946-47 . 23,657 20 , 449 86.4 1937-38 _ 25,975 22,298 85.8 1947-48-’--.- 23,945 20,910 87.3 1939-40- J-.*.- 25,434 22,042 86.7 1948-49 _ 24,477 21,496 87.8 1940-41 _ 25,296 21,547 85.2 1949-50 X-VS 25,111 22,284 88.7 Table III. — Enrollment in full-time elementary and secondary day schools and percent of change, by grade, for specified years Enrollment (thousands) Percent of change Grade 1939-40 1943-44 1947-48 1949-50 1939-40 to 1943-44 1943-44 to 1947-48 1947-48 to 1949-50 1939-40 to 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total elementary • and high- school pupils _ 25,434 23,267 23,945 25,111 -8.5 +2.9 +4.9 -1.3 Total elementary school pupils - 18,832 17,713 18,291 19,405 -5.9 +3.3 +6.1 +3.0 Kindergarten _ 595 697 989 1,034 +17.3 +41.9 +4.6 +73.8 First grade - 3,018 2,879 2,951 3,170 -4.6 +2.5 +7.4 +5.0 Second grade _ 2,333 2,221 2,363 2 , 645 -4.8 +6.4 +11.9 +13.4 Third grade _ 2,332 2,163 2,259 2,396 -7.2 +4.4 +6.1 +2.7 Fourth grade _ 2,322 2,080 2,183 2,254 -10.4 +5.0 +3.2 -2.9 Fifth grade _ 2,248 2,017 2,055 2,151 -10.3 +1.9 +4.7 -4.3 Sixth grade - 2,176 1,998 1,940 2,056 -8.2 -2.9 +6.0 -5.5 Seventh grade _ 2,108 1,965 1,898 1,947 -6.8 -3.4 +2.6 -7.6 Eighth grade _ 1,701 1,694 1,653 1,752 -0.4 -2.4 +6.0 +3.0 Total high- school pupils- - 6,601 5,554 5,653 5,707 -15.9 +1.8 +1.0 -13.6 First year - 2,011 1,775 1,673 1,756 -11.8 -5.8 +5.0 -12.7 Second year _ 1,767 1,520 1,503 1,512 -14.0 -1.1 +0.6 -14.4 Third year _ 1,486 1,282 1,230 1,272 1,274 -17.2 +3.4 +0.2 -14.3 Fourth year _ 1,010 1,131 1,123 -21.2 +12.0 -0.7 -12.4 Postgraduate _ _ 55 20 75 42 -64.8 +275.0 -44.0 -23.6 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table IV. — Enrollment in public high-school grades (last 4 years of secondary school system )1 2 and percent of change , by sex , for specified years Year Enrollments (thousands) Percent Percent of change over previous enrollment given 1 Total Boys Girls Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1909-10 _ _ _ 915 398 517 43.6 56.4 1919-20 _ _ _ _ 2,200 992 1,208 45.1 54.9 140.4 1929-30 . . 4,399 2,115 2,284 48.1 51.9 99.9 1931-32 . . 5,140 2,531 2,609 49.2 50.8 16.8 1933-34 _ _ 5,669 2,802 2,867 49.4 50.6 10.3 1935-36 _ _ _ 5,975 2,949 3,026 49.4 50.6 5.4 1937-38... _ _ 6,227 3,033 3,194 48.7 51.3 4.2 1939-40 _ 6,601 3,251 3,350 49.2 50.8 6.0 1940-41 _ _ _ _ _ 6,714 3,274 3,440 48.8 51.2 1.7 1941-42 . . 6,388 3,090 3,298 48.4 51.6 -4.9 1942-43 _ _ 6,122 2,892 3,230 47.2 52.8 -4.2 1943-44 _ _ _ 5,554 2,554 3,000 46.0 54.0 -9.3 1944-45... . . 5,560 2,566 2,994 46.1 53.9 .1 1945-46 _ 5,622 2,633 2,989 46.8 53.2 1.1 1946-47 _ _ 5,838 2,823 3,015 48.4 51.6 3.8 1947-48 . . . . 5,653 2,747 2,906 48.6 51.4 -3.2 1948-49... _ _ 5,658 2,759 2,899 48.8 51.2 .1 1949-50 _ _ _ 5,707 2,812 2,895 49.3 50.7 .9 1 Including 9 to 12 and postgraduate grades. Table V. — School attendance of noninstitutional population , aged 5-17 years ( public and nonpublic schools), October 1949 1 Age 2 Total population (thousands) Enrollment in school Number (thousands) Percent 1 2 3 4 5 years _ 2,865 1,578 55.1 6 years _ 3,015 7,640 8,966 2,901 7,528 8,846 96.2 98.5 98.7 7 to 9 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 to 13 years _ Total 6 to 13 years _ _ 19,621 19,275 98.2 14 to 15 years _ 4,193 4,110 3,922 2,856 93.5 69.5 16 to 17 years _ _ Total 14 to 17 years _ 8,303 6,778 81.6 Total 5 to 17 years _ 30,789 27,631 89.7 1 Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Series P-20, No. 30 — April 26, 1950. School Enrollment of the Civilian Population: October, 1949. 2 5-year-olds correspond roughly to kindergarten, 6-13-year-olds to elementary grades, and 14- 17-year- olds to high school. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Table VI. — Average length of school term in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, for specified years Days Number of States, by year 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total _ 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 140 to 149.9 . . 1 1 1 1 150 to 159.9 4 3 2 2 1 160 to 169.9 _ 6 7 9 9 8 3 1 170 to 179.9 _ 26 25 25 24 28 32 31 180 or more _ 11 12 11 12 12 12 16 Table VII. — Average number of days attended in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, per pupil enrolled, for specified years 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table VIII . — Number of pupils in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , per classroom teacher, by State, for specified years 1 - State 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States _ 25.2 24.5 23.7 23.9 24.3 24.4 Alabama _ _ 29.2 28.8 27.1 27.2 26.7 27.5 Arizona _ 26.1 26.0 25.4 24.4 25.0 24.6 Arkansas _ _ 29.1 27.8 26.0 26.2 27.3 27.6 California _ 27.6 25.9 26.2 27.9 29.2 29.5 Colorado _ 22.3 21.0 20.5 21.0 21.3 21.8 Connecticut _ 26.6 24.0 20.8 22.9 23.2 23.0 Delaware _ 24.1 23.1 22.3 22.2 21.5 22.1 Florida _ 24.8 23.3 24.5 24.4 24.2 24.5 Georgia - 25.6 26.4 23.9 24.9 25.6 25.4 Idaho _ 23.5 22.2 22.9 24.6 25.8 25.0 Illinois _ 23.8 23.2 22.3 22.5 22.8 21.8 Indiana _ 27.5 26.6 27.3 25.0 25.0 25.1 Iowa _ 19.5 18.8 18.1 19.2 19.2 19.6 Kansas _ 19.6 19.3 18.1 19.0 18.9 20.0 Kentucky _ 26.2 26.2 24.7 24.7 25.4 26.7 Louisiana _ 26.8 26.0 25.1 26.9 26.9 26.9 Maine _ 24.1 23.1 23.9 22.1 22.9 22.9 Maryland.. _ _ _ _ _ 29.8 29.2 28.9 28.3 27.3 27.0 Massachusetts _ 25.4 23.9 21.6 21.9 23.4 22.8 Michigan _ 26.3 26.6 26.0 26.2 26.5 26.6 Minnesota _ 21.5 21.1 20.4 20.9 21.7 22.2 Mississippi _ 32.1 29.7 28.9 30.1 29.6 30.2 Missouri _ 22.7 22.8 22.4 23.1 23.2 24.8 Montana _ 18.9 17.5 16.5 17.2 18.3 20.6 Nebraska _ 17.6 16.5 16.0 16.4 16.8 17.0 Nevada _ 20.1 21.0 20.9 20.5 21.3 21.7 New Hampshire _ 22.9 21.9 19.6 19.3 22.3 23.3 New Jersey _ 23.5 22.4 21.1 21.0 21.4 21.5 New Mexico _ 28.0 27.0 25.9 25.9 25.7 24.6 New York _ _ 23.8 23.4 23.0 21.2 21.7 21.3 North Carolina _ 32.2 31.2 29.7 29.3 29.8 29.0 North Dakota _ 17.2 15.6 15.0 15.5 15.8 15.8 Ohio _ 25.7 26.4 25.5 25.3 25.3 25.4 Oklahoma _ 24.0 24.8 24.1 24.8 24.9 24.7 Oregon _ _ _ _ _ _ 22.8 22.4 23.2 24.3 24.1 22.4 Pennsylvania _ 27.4 26.5 24.5 24.7 24.1 25.3 Rhode Island _ 26.4 22.9 21.8 21.2 22.4 21.0 South Carolina _ 25.6 25.2 24.1 23.5 23.9 24.7 South Dakota _ 15.3 14.6 13.7 14.4 15.0 14.9 Tennessee _ 26.6 25.9 25.3 25.5 26.4 26.3 Texas _ _ 24.7 23.1 23.4 23.8 23.9 23.0 Utah _ _ _ 28.0 27.4 27.2 28.9 28.0 29.0 Vermont _ 21.3 20.2 19.1 22.0 22.7 23.4 Virginia _ 27.9 27.8 26.5 28.5 28.3 28.2 Washington _ 25.9 25.9 24.8 24.4 24.6 24.4 West Virginia _ 28.9 25.3 23.5 24.4 27.7 28.2 Wisconsin.' _ _ 23.7 23.1 22.3 21.9 22.2 21.6 Wyoming _ _ 18.5 16.8 17.8 17.9 19.1 19.2 District of Columbia _ 27.1 26.1 24.6 24.4 25.4 25.2 Outlying parts of the United States _ 36.5 38.7 35.4 32.1 35.2 35.2 Alaska - • 17.4 18.5 17.9 18.9 18.7 20.3 Canal Zone _ 27.6 24.6 25.2 20.1 26.7 27.0 Guam _ _ _ 32.2 Hawaii _ _ _ . 28.4 27.6 24.3 26.6 26.6 Puerto Rico _ 42.1 40.3 39.8 36.9 39.4 41.2 Virgin Islands _ _ _ 27.8 23.9 31.0 1 These figures are based on actual attendance. The national average number of pupils enrolled per teacher would be 27 . 5 for 1949-50. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 Table IX. — Number of 1-room 1-teacher public-school buildings in use, for specified years 1-room 1-teacher buildings 1-room 1 -teacher buildings Year All buildings in use Number Percent of total Year All buildings in use Number Percent of total 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1909-10 _ 265,474 271,319 263,280 255,551 248,117 245,951 212,448 187,948 165,417 153,306 80.0 1937-38 _ 229,394 226,762 222 , 660 209,309 121,178 113,600 107,692 96,302 52.8 1919-20 _ 69.3 1939-40. . . . 50.1 1923-24 . . 62.8 1941-42 _ 48.4 1927-28 _ 60.0 1943-44 _ 46.0 1929-30 _ 148,712 143,445 138,542 130,708 59.9 1945-46. . . 86,563 75,096 59,852 1931-32 _ 58.3 1947-48 _ 1933-34 . . 242,929 237,816 57.0 1949-50 _ 1935-36 . 55.0 Table X. — Revenue receipts of public-school systems , by source , for specified years 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 1949-50 Per¬ cent 15 © © © i— i 2.9 39.8 6.1 51.2 Amountv (thousands) T* $5,442,004 155.848 2,165,689 333.849 2,786,618 1947-48 Per¬ cent to © © © 00 © CO o oioo>oco CO lO Amount (thousands) $4,311,534 120,270 1,676,362 229,761 2,285.141 1945-46 Per¬ cent 11 0 001 7-1 COt'i co Amount (thousands) O $3,059,845 41,378 1,062,057 185,097 1,771,312 1943-44 Per¬ cent © 0 001 tFOCOO HCOlOO CO CO Amount (thousands) OS $2,604,322 35,886 859,183 146,243 1,563,010 1941-42 Per¬ cent t- 0 001 1.4 31.5 6.2 60.9 Amount (thousands) NO $2,416,580 34,305 759,993 150,223 1,472,058 1939-40 Per¬ cent in © © o 1.7 30.3 6.7 61.3 Amount (thousands) $2,260,527 39,810 684,354 151,097 1,385,266 1929-30 Per¬ cent CO © © © .4 16.9 10.4 72.3 Amount (thousands) (N $2,088,557 7,334 353,670 216,747 1,510,806 Source pH Total - - Federal _ _ State - County _ _ _ Local and subsidies _ STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 Table XI. — Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation obtained from State , county , and local sources , respectively , State, for specified years State State County Local 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1929-30 1939—40 1949-50 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental J/ / United States.. 16.7 30.7 42.2 10.6 6.7 6.2 72.7 62.6 51.6 Alabama _ 43.7 58.6 77.2 - 29.7 22.8 13.0 26.6 18.6 9.8 Arizona _ 17.4 21.2 35.1 38.4 38.2 11.3 44.2 40.6 53.6 Arkansas _ 33.6 46.0 63.0 2.9 3.8 2.0 63.5 50.2 35.0 California _ 25.1 47.8 43.3 36.9 2.0 2.0 38.0 50.2 54.7 Colorado _ .1 5. 5 20.1 26.5 20.7 13.1 73.4 73.8 'SB. 8 7.5 8.8 24.2 92.5 91.2 75.8 88. 1 92.7 87. 5^ 11.9 7.3 12.5 Florida _ 21.6 51.8 55.0 29.6 17.0 20.2 48.8 31.2 24.8 Georgia - 1 - 36.5 58.2 71.9 30.1 16.6 17.8 33.4 25.2 10.3 Idaho - - .6 12.0 21.4 27.9 25.6 20.5 71.5 62.4 58.1 4.5 10.2 19. 1 .1 .1 95.5 89.7 80.8 1.7 33.2 38.5 .6 98.3 66.2 61.5 3.3 1.1 19.9 2.6 .8 96.7 96.3 79.3 . 1 11.7 25.4 14.4 19.4 99.9 73.9 55.2 Kentucky _ 26.3 41.8 39.5 29.0 26.6 31.3 44.7 31.6 29.2 Louisiana _ 25.2 56.9 75.1 54.5 30.2 20.4 20.3 12.9 4.5 Maine _ _ _ 29.0 15.9 28.6 71.0 84. 1 71.4 Maryland _ _ 17.3 21.9 39.9 34.3 31.3 31.9 48.4 46.8 28.2 Massachusetts _ 9.0 10.2 20.7 91.0 89.8 79.3 Michigan _ 19.9 46.0 55. 2 .5 .2 80.1 53.5 44.6 Minnesota _ 17.3 35.2 36.5 5.0 1.6 7.9 77.7 63.2 55.6 Mississippi _ 32.9 38.6 52.2 23.1 20.0 14.3 44.0 41.4 33.5 Missouri _ 10.7 35.8 41.0 4.2 .4 5.2 85.1 63.8 53.8 Montana _ 3.7 8.4 22.3 43.2 20.4 39.0 53.1 71.2 38.7 Nebraska _ .7 1.1 3.2 ' 1.0 .5 99.3 97.9 96.3 Nevada __ _ 13.2 20.3 40.3 58.6 58.4 28.3 28.2 21.3 31.4 New Hampshire _ _ 8.8 5.5 4.7' 91.2 94.5 95.3 New Jersey _ _ 21.0 5.7 19.1 .8 14.9 1.1 78.2 79.4 79.8 New Mexico _ 3.5 69.3 88.0 74.7 13.2 6.1 21.8 17.5 5.9 New York _ 28.6 33.9 41.4 71.4 66.1 58.6 North Carolina _ 1.4 71.2 78.6 ' 61.2 20.7 15.6 37.4 8.1 5.8 North Dakota _ 2.8 14.4 24.1 7.8 8.7 20.5 89.4 76.9 55.4 Ohio _ 3.6 37.7 34.5 32.4 1.5 .2 64.0 60.8 65.3 Oklahoma _ _ 5.9 40.2 58.0 8.5 6.4 3.2 85.6 53.4 38.8 Oregon _ _ _ .4 32.1 18.5 25.9 1.4 81.5 73.7 66.5 Pennsylvania _ _ _ 14.0 21.2 38.6 86.0 78.8 61.4 Rhode Island _ 8.3 10.7 20.7 91.7 89.3 79.3 South Carolina _ 26.9 49.9 67.1 27.0 5.3 6.8 46.1 44.8 26.1 South Dakota _ . 5 8. 5 8. 5 3.5 1.7 99.5 88.0 89.8 Tennessee _ 23.7 34.3 59.9 35.6 49.6 31.0 40.7 16.1 9.1 Texas _ 35.9 41.3 64.1 3.4 64.1 58.7 32.5 Utah _ 32.1 41.3 52.0 35. 5 67.9 23.2 48.0 Vermont _ 12.4 17. 1 28.5 87.6 82.9 71.5 Virginia _ 28.5 34.7 43.1 31.5 37.7 33.8 40.0 27.6 23.1 Washington _ 26.2 61.3 71.2 16.1 5.5 .7 57.7 33.2 28.1 West Virginia _ _ 7.7 52.4 66.1 47.6 33.9 92.3 Wisconsin _ 16.2 18.7 18.3 8.6 9.6 12.5 75.2 71.7 69.2 Wyoming - 1.3 5.9 28.6 25.7 27.6 12.2 73.0 66.5 59.2 District, of Columbia i 22.9 1 14.6 1 8.2 77.1 85.4 91.8 1 Federal funds. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table XII. — Sources of revenue receipts of State school systems (elementary and secondary education), and comparison of revenue receipts, 1947-48 and 1949-50 Source Receipts (thousands of dollars) Percent change 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 Total _ . _ _ __ _ _ _ 4,311,534 5,442,004 +26.2 Leases of school lands and permanent funds _ Taxation and appropriation _ All other sources _ _ 40,405 4,004,695 266,434 35,019 5,028,325 378,661 -13.3 +25.6 +42.1 Table XIII. — Expenditures of State school systems (elementary and secondary education), excluding debt retirement, by purpose, for specified years [Thousands] Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total current expenditure h. Ad ministration or general control __ Instruction _ Operation _ Maintenance - Auxiliary services __ Fixed charges _ Capital outlay _ Interest _ _ Summer and part- time adult schools $1,843,552 $1,941,799 $2,067,660 $2,293,337 $2,707,441 $3,794,702 $4,687,274 78,680 1,317,727 216,072 78,810 101,993 50,270 91,571 1,403,285 194,365 73,321 129,141 50,116 * 101,463 1,457,877 209 , 788 78,862 138,951 80,719 110,631 1,590,634 238,774 77,324 169,523 106,452 132,899 1,853,911 270,280 101,254 213,617 135,480 169,999 2,571,539 356,628 169,536 336,688 190,311 220,050 3,112,340 ,427,587 214,164 451 , 663 261,469 370,878 92,536 9,825 257,974 130,909 13,367 137,552 108,781 8,704 53,856 96,805 8,583 111,046 76,923 11,477 412,467 76,331 27,676 1,014,176 100,578 35,614 1 Current expenditure for day schools includes only: administration or general control, instruction, operation, maintenance, auxiliary services, and fixed charges. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Table XIV. — Current expenditure (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , for specified years State 1929-30 1933-34 1937-38 1939—40 1941-42 1943—44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States.. $86.70 $67.48 $83.87 $88.09 $98.31 $116.99 $136.41 $179.43 $208.83 Alabama. _ 37.28 30.09 34.27 36.16 39.75 54.17 68.57 106.28 117.09 Arizona _ 109.12 77.11 94. 16 96.26 104.66 120. 10 136.93 203.62 240.70 Arkansas _ 33.56 22.60 31.62 31.35 38.59 52.36 64.76 92.93 111.71 California _ 133.30 109.83 131.43 141.93 166.92 164.79 169.21 212.38 263.51 Colorado - 110.76 78.30 87.41 92.04 102.38 125.44 136.12 188.18 219.66 Connecticut _ 102.58 82.12 104.47 109.18 124.88 151.09 174.39 217.44 264.62 Delaware _ 95. 12 92.85 104.64 108.52 113.80 131.54 152.48 204.19 258.77 Florida _ _ _ 50.61 40.73 59.91 58.35 68.08 82.76 103.31 160.50 181.27 Georgia _ 31.89 28.34 37.71 42. 16 44.57 55.70 64.60 103.85 123.37 Idaho - 86.86 57.09 75.00 78.05 86.72 102. 12 116.55 162.89 186.00 Illinois _ 102.56 78.18 103.77 115.19 128.99 158.02 175.11 223. 19 258.46 Indiana _ 91.66 60.20 77.01 86.13 95.97 111.27 144.53 217.35 235.49 Iowa _ .. .. 96.10 65.44 81.15 86.47 95.40 116.08 143.88 188.98 230.53 Kansas _ 92.81 60.19 72.84 82.61 86.27 114.58 141.25 190.86 218.57 Kentucky _ 46.23 33.37 44.49 46.78 51.38 75.28 86.33 112.15 120.82 Louisiana _ 48.19 36.07 54.09 56.58 65.93 90.57 101.36 144.91 214.08 Maine _ 69.89 52.09 60.36 63.50 69.72 83.17 109.39 133.04 157.47 Maryland - 80.15 68.64 78.93 83.81 89.92 110.51 126.19 192.80 213.39 Massachusetts _ 109.57 95.69 109.81 114.52 130.73 161.00 179.85 213.98 236.44 Michigan _ 114.76 67.68 89.31 92.38 101.91 124.21 147.33 198.47 219.55 Minnesota _ 101.29 75.15 91.92 100.38 108.26 134.29 157.96 213.06 242.24 Mississippi _ 36.13 23.55 28.19 30.72 31.52 42.25 46.32 71.42 79.69 Missouri _ _ 70.28 60.27 70.68 80.36 86.79 100.58 137.36 164.08 173.57 Montana _ 109.73 79.24 104.12 109.07 125.59 159.11 215.44 246.80 267. 56 Nebraska _ 93.08 57.48 70.67 74.41 85.12 112.01 142.48 180.97 217.07 Nevada _ .. __ 136.18 117.90 133.89 131.35 134.37 149.30 162.32 230.74 246.22 New Hampshire _ 92.77 79.67 92.13 91.31 100.70 119.66 135.01 187.15 210.51 New Jersey _ 124.90 102.53 125.53 136.42 158.08 185.07 211.82 250.59 279.81 New Mexico _ 77.21 60.18 71.30 76.36 83.43 113.52 134.60 186.49 222.48 New York _ 137.55 124.13 147.65 156.86 168.07 185.12 209.76 256.90 295.02 North Carolina _ 42.85 24.18 39.59 40.86 45.11 65.16 81.43 108.74 140.82 North Dakota _ 99.55 67.32 74.85 68.87 79.65 118.88 138.02 182.07 226.27 Ohio _ _ 95.69 72.51 86.23 96.37 106.13 124.86 147.03 191.61 202.12 Oklahoma _ 65.48 43.70 63.25 63.03 72.83 88.71 111.86 144.49 207.05 Oregon _ 103.31 68.90 87.88 97.42 106.97 132.96 157.88 217.38 280.75 Pennsylvania _ 87.81 75.04 92.82 92.45 106.90 131.14 144.80 184.42 215.76 Rhode Island _ 95.74 86.97 98.49 105.17 122.99 148.87 160.84 220.69 240.40 South Carolina _ 39.98 27. 14 36.52 39.68 45.51 58.22 74.31 112.39 122.39 South Dakota _ 95.36 62.29 90.90 85.50 96.33 130.82 153.93 193.65 230.34 Tennessee _ 42.66 34.62 41.61 44.29 50.44 62.21 76.16 107.62 132.17 Texas _ 54.57 46.63 65.42 65.87 78.24 88.15 118.12 164.70 208.88 Utah _ 75.08 58.71 74.86 78.47 84.76 111.87 129.30 179.40 178.56 Vermont _ 84.24 59.76 77.70 85.08 93.84 111.97 122.89 166.99 192.87 Virginia _ 44.25 37.51 42.31 47.91 55.83 75.30 92.29 124.79 145.56 Washington- _ _ 100.45 69.16 103.83 105.31 127.70 146.57 183.33 237.05 247.63 West Virginia _ 72.16 48.54 60.55 63.71 72.63 93.06 101.30 141.82 149.86 Wisconsin _ 94.17 71.99 90.39 91.07 109.69 127.31 147.73 191.47 230.01 Wyoming - 128.59 88.70 105.91 108.51 120.29 150.17 171.38 195.44 262.77 District of Col¬ umbia _ 132.39 107.30 123.05 131.74 137.48 161.73 172.22 218.94 256.24 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table XV. — Expenditure for transportation of pupils , excluding purchase of busses , for 20 States , 1949-50 State Total Operation Maintenance Other, including contract service 1 2 3 4 5 Total, 20 States _ $75,733,603 $40,504,808 $19,057,983 $16,170,812 Arizona _ 891,698 288,421 53,565 549,712 Arkansas _ 3,694,056 2,486,124 737,202 470,730 Colorado - 1,865,223 558,388 669,680 637,155 Connecticut _ 2,421,909 1,515,370 906,539 548,542 Florida - - - 3,131,275 1,989,078 593,655 Georgia - 6,071,185 4,524,480 1,284,943 261,762 Montana _ 2,082,927 251,281 441,433 1 76 , 104 1,641,494 107,317 Nevada _ 67,860 New Jersey.. - North Dakota _ 4,346,510 1,143,169 9,696,005 316,399 183,610 3,846,501 1,143,169 71,109 Ohio _ 7,038,781 2,586,115 Oklahoma _ 3,617,932 3,506,180 3,047,976 2,360,213 2,351,758 2,038,185 1,257,719 1,154,422 Oregon _ South Carolina _ 1,009,791 2,279,770 Tennessee _ 5,136,003 2,158,086 698,147 Texas _ 11,082,103 4,975,440 5,182,842 923,821 Utah _ _ 1,011,950 815,758 87,096 109,096 Virginia _ 5,141,970 1,583,159 1,541,799 2,017,012 Washington _ 4,227,085 2,870,751 1,043,106 313,228 West Virginia _ 3,367,166 2,116,880 1,054,796 195,490 Salaries only. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 Table XVI. — School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , for specified years State School indebtedness Interest payments 1935-36 1939-40 1943-44 1947-48 1949-50 1935-36 1939-40 1943-44 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States $136.47 $128.65 $121.08 $124.66 $147.09 $5.96 $5.94 $4.94 $3.65 $4.51 Alabama _ 39.03 39.62 18.65 25.12 34.02 1.64 .87 .76 .54 .81 Arizona _ 134.37 106.09 74.32 150.81 191.15 7.74 5.77 3.42 3.34 4.59 Arkansas _ 67.02 63.42 65.16 87.04 143.99 2.60 2.83 2.41 1.97 3.03 California _ 199.68 172.71 136.12 207.67 300.47 9.53 8.22 6.36 5.01 6.96 Colorado _ 144.11 120.97 98.49 93.61 236.22 7.33 5.34 4.42 3.11 6.04 Connecticut _ 172.44 137.25 118.34 112.56 222.48 7.75 5.36 4.53 3.28 3.91 Delaware _ 50.53 58.87 64.21 91.20 131.90 1.60 1.58 1.26 2.05 2.44 Florida _ 184.47 155.56 145.33 134.47 130.46 9.14 7.32 6.74 4.92 4.63 Georgia _ 34.96 18.80 41.78 38.70 53.52 2.17 .96 .25 .70 1.51 Idaho _ 84.81 81.78 71.68 67.03 128.61 4.57 3.60 2.45 1.93 3.07 Illinois _ 170.26 157.49 187.42 197.90 259.12 8.59 5.91 5.33 4.28 6.70 Indiana _ 76.43 70.06 50.47 40.22 64.64 3.51 3.05 1.99 2.14 5.77 Iowa _ 101.85 96.77 75.23 72.09 128.56 5.67 3.86 2.75 1.57 1.99 Kansas _ 78.48 78.85 50.45 77.83 183.15 6.90 5.24 5.66 1.28 2.55 Kentucky _ 38.29 36.07 31.62 34.21 50.40 1.40 2.12 1.34 .92 1.06 Louisiana _ 70.13 73.15 70.05 116.87 175.51 4.54 4.09 3.30 3.46 4.00 Maine.. _ 36.98 34.98 32.40 23.03 30.54 1.44 1.29 1.09 .50 .61 Maryland _ 165.58 154.13 131.56 232.81 272.05 7.33 6.48 5.54 4.62 6.72 Massachusetts _ 70.40 64.34 37.97 14.92 13.88 2.75 2.14 1.26 .24 .22 Michigan _ 201.63 140.91 135.27 101.86 147.07 6.50 8.29 5.70 5.39 4.68 Minnesota _ 133.17 128.54 121.90 121.75 145.85 5.96 3.82 1.38 1.41 1.91 Mississippi _ 18.99 30.68 32.69 6.64 6.29 1.33 .52 .10 .11 .09 Missouri _ 89.85 85.40 68.34 66.06 66.74 4.03 3.44 2.62 1.71 7.46 Montana _ 79.51 77.63 51.68 85.78 143.48 2.56 1.82 .76 .96 1.52 Nebraska _ 115.39 110.22 105.79 90.48 108.43 5.14 2.70 2.87 2.65 2.45 Nevada - 114.14 107.43 70.77 230.32 321.96 4.66 5.10 2.74 4.66 5.93 New Hampshire. 73.40 65.80 46.98 43.83 76.97 2.94 2.30 1.58 .83 1.40 New Jersey _ 294.26 267.27 251.17 210.81 247.79 13.27 12.12 11.48 8.28 8.44 New Mexico _ 61.19 53.60 46.16 137.99 123.50 2.88 3.23 2.36 2.12 2.55 New York _ 303.89 335.67 326.58 291.89 155.82 12.76 13.04 13.37 10.76 10.40 North Carolina.. 118.50 76.92 66.57 61.41 85.26 4.51 3.53 2.97 2.04 2.53 North Dakota _ 105.56 83.62 42.25 43.01 70.24 5.64 5.82 4.32 1.46 3.59 Ohio _ 173.22 147.34 109.99 168.71 231.90 8.79 7.46 5.12 4.42 4.75 Oklahoma _ 111.50 107.34 125.39 89.85 93.23 4.90 4.86 2.30 1.74 3.55 Oregon _ 120.13 89.94 47.92 66.66 202.59 6.20 4.43 2.71 2.57 8.17 Pennsylvania _ 157.98 169.43 160.66 141.27 144.76 4.59 13.60 12.55 4.61 4.19 Rhode Island _ 270.01 291.33 329.84 147.30 152.73 11.14 11.36 12.16 9.96 3.98 South Carolina. _ 48.88 47.16 29.06 32.75 58.32 2.69 2.97 2.32 1.09 1.37 South Dakota _ 107.98 91.12 62.71 60.80 79.80 4.65 5.21 2.79 2.34 2.68 Tennessee _ 62.97 60.35 62.13 69.05 64.92 3.09 1.32 .54 .53 .81 Texas _ 26.16 145.27 237.32 227.69 260.25 4.85 4.96 5.75 6.63 9.31 Utah . . 96.55 83.44 66.83 102.04 135.80 3.96 3.27 2.45 2.17 2.66 Vermont _ 44.76 52.40 57.60 57.05 106.39 2.03 1.12 .91 .68 1.00 Virginia _ 62.23 61.74 61.11 56.68 52.42 2.74 2.47 1.17 .74 1.30 Washington. 94.23 74.93 39.35 126.47 135.04 4.62 3.25 1.99 2.21 2.56 West Virginia _ 30.64 32.24 27.77 29.04 31.82 1.65 1.54 1.06 .93 i .08 Wisconsin _ 68.43 47.82 32.97 29.71 57.14 2.91 2.75 .66 .61 .71 Wyoming _ 129.28 122.95 117.72 146.30 269.86 4.87 1.48 .54 3.79 4.80 An incomplete figure for interest was submitted. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table XVII. — Statement of retirement funds for staff of public elementary and secondary schools, as of July 1, 1950 (Thousands) Balance on hand at beginning of the year (cash and investments) usually July 1, 1949 _ _ $2,228,762 Amount added during the year: State _ $129,295 Local units _ 78,295 Participants _ 147,957 Earnings and other receipts _ 76,900 - 432,447 Total balances, earnings, and receipts _ 2,661,209 Payments: Losses, retirements and expense of operation _ 165,809 Balance on hand: cash and investments. 2,495,400 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 Table XVIII. — Total expenditures in Negro elementary and secondary public schools in 7 Southern States for specified years [Thousands] State 1941-42 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 Alabama _ $3,491 1,709 3,049 3,894 2,761 7,799 3,440 $7,536 2,839 6,096 6,480 $15,805 5,697 12,219 12,427 5,284 23,201 12,071 $20,630 6,782 17,787 19,232 8,232 36,358 15,939 Arkansas _ Florida _ Georgia _ Mississippi _ - _ _ _ North Carolina _ _ 15,440 6,312 South Carolina _ Table XIX. — Teachers and enrollments in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools , for specified years Year 1 Teachers Pupils Total Elementary Secondary Total Elementary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1931-32 . 91,323 66,270 25,053 2,723,666 2,320,251 403,415 1933-34 _ _ 72,192 51,475 20,717 2,691,033 2,330,941 360,092 1935-36 . . 91,493 66,254 25,239 2,638,775 2,251,466 387,309 1937-38 . . . 95,103 67,139 27,964 2,687,483 2,240,650 446,833 1939-40 _ 94,977 61,800 30,130 2,611,047 2,153,279 457,768 1941-42 _ 97,191 65,512 31,679 2,616,529 2,133 334 483,195 1945-46 _ 100,865 64,495 36,370 2,824,500 2,259,392 565,108 1947-48 . . 108,998 67,430 41,568 3,053,914 2,451,430 602,484 1949-50 _ 113,264 73,048 40,215 3,288,426 2,662,920 625 , 506 Statistics not available for 1943-44. Table 1, — Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools: 1870-1950 [I. General Statistics and II. Financial Statistics given in thousands] 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 1949-50 12 151,240 30,788 25,111 5,707 22,284 3,964,354 195 719 914 '© ioo Ico '05 'CO 1 IS $35,019 2,905,561 2,122,763 378,661 5,442,004 1,014,176 2,999,947 1,823,520 5,837,643 20.4 16.6 81.6 00 t-. 05 s 146,113 30,171 23,945 5,653 20,910 3,713,333 162 699 861 1 > i i i i I I till I I lilt I i i i I i i i 1 l 1 1 1 l $12.71 9.7 1869-70 M 1.2 59.3 132.2 78.4 44.7 38.7 $189 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i • i CO i i i i lO 1 till lio 1 T-H till i i CO till I I i i i i i i i i i i i i till i i i i i i i i $15.55 00 Item pH Percent secondary enrollment is of total enrollment _ _ _ Percent of children enrolled attending each day - - - - Average number of days schools were in session _ _ _ . _ _ Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled _ _ Average number of days attended by each child 5-17 years of age (inclusive) _ Percent of men teachers __ _ _ Average annual salaries of all teachers (unadjusted) 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ Average annual salaries of all teachers (adjusted) 4 _ _ _ Percent of revenue derived from — Permanent funds and lands _ State taxes _ County and local taxes _ All other sources _ _ Percent of expenditures devoted to — Sites, buildings, etc _ Salaries _ All other purposes _ _ _ Total expenditures per capita of popula¬ tion (unadjusted) _ _ _ Total expenditures per capita of popula¬ tion (adjusted) 4 __ _ Total expenditure per pupil in average attendance (unadjusted) 7 _ _ Total expenditure per pupil in average attend ance (adjusted) 6 _ _ _ Average total expenditure per day for each pupil attending (cents) (unadjusted) 7__ Average total expenditure per day for each pupil attending (cents) (adjusted) 6 _ 1 CT) .5 a +3 CD a t, x a: 13 S I W2 Ig’g J3 4>0Q~ C3 •3 » » g’g.g.S 1 m 2 g rt 3 ^ g So §2*15 ,H » w ^ bJD 0} || § b =3§?g‘g A3 3 O aj'O •§5 o O bj S.9 0 ® 113 Si S o o fl o m-o ^ B fi O §|.2| 'Sll'l ;g.g a 05 O V SP'o ill* H* c3 . 3s3hO-S g2 Sg&J 3 & eo-2 ft CO.® Q.T3 aij S 3 g g CJpfe.Su 2 ^ CS « TT ^ w ’P Table 2. — Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and ultimate or basic administrative units , by State: 1949—50 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Administrative Staffs Ultimate or basic units Clerical assistants Part- time 17 2,322 132 4 128 287 68 219 55 55 187 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 Z8I Full¬ time VO 20,128 542 100 22 35 0 IN O 00 0 05 725 1,257 10,921 375 348 10,198 325 1 i iD • b- i i 1 ' o ' • i i ID i i it ii ii ii Attend¬ ance personnel 15 6,302 812 491 207 65 49 3,164 1,463 601 1 , 100 321 160 161 1 U- i rfi i CO i i i | i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i it^ i i 1 ITf 1 1 I 1 CO * 1 II II II II II II Superin¬ tendents and profes¬ sional staffs 18,025 537 CO b- H i ii Boards of Education Ultimate or basic units Local school trustees e© 26,555 1 1 i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fill 3,857 3,857 5,164 1 1 1 1 Tf< i i CD i i iO i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i iiii till i i i i i i i i iiii i i i i iiii | Members of boards of education t- 280,840 6,066 1,449 829 815 1,537 212 1,224 22,223 4,948 4,217 13,058 64,045 7,558 1,623 19,917 16.872 18,075 120,326 23,059 20,135 21,468 7,072 10,915 21,477 in onn > > i ;i ) Members of inter¬ mediate boards of education VO 6,448 754 1 1 1 O • 1 1 CO 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i iO o V-H CO CO IO ico iCO ID ID 0° 1 1 O 1 IID 1 1 1-H ^11^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,644 i ID '05 1 Tf 1 1 1 684 465 State boards or commissions of education, including vocational Clerical assist¬ ants l fi 361 38 1 iNH 1 ICO ' rH 53 1 34 ''CO O 11-s ID LZ 1 1 21 ii I Profes¬ sional staff 382 38 i i 1 1 CO ID • ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 47 08 it* IN 11-H 08 01 Z Mem¬ bers *0 408 49 10 8 7 10 5 o> 1 lO ^ 00 CO (NO 46 WNoa 11 41 «5 CO 00 b» Tf b ' Total ( z New Jersey - Pennsylvania _ East North Central. _ Ohio _ _ Indiana _ Illinois _ luiumgau - Wisconsin _ West North Central.. « Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota _ South Dakota _ Nebraska - i 3 a 4 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 © io 05 i 05 eo co i (DON'OOO'fOO 05 05 rH CO rt(N 05 ©^ cot> >-i 05 eo©cooocooo^© co co co o oo co © HNHNNH !>©05O5 05 00 ^00 C0t^05 IN 05 0©ti<05 ^ ^(NOOCO © r-o© — < ©^ cocot^ -< oo os ^ © — i ©05 00 05 05©©© ^cov©©co©v r^©o© ©©co© oo-©0 MOh 00 05 CO © i-H © oooo CO © © h- 05 © ■'j'co ©©N©OOOM© ©©©t^o©ooco * t-*. 05 © © © CO ©eot>© © Tt< b. -H©©Tj< 5> — i©05 00 © © © 1-H 05 1-H ©©b- H 05* b-"© to 00©05©00©t^b- I 05 ©--iCOt^CO©0© — < >-H © r-H 05 © 00 05 © 00 05 l>CO rtt^oco©©© ©t^t^oo©©©© co© -i 05 rH©©CO©000© S Cj ;.2-S.S iis'o’o P’S ! ff s S , cj aj 2 ®5 Qjl^ZcoOfe jj1 O o3 ft j 1 i-s 55 cia.ss a O SSS 23 cj o 1:3-3 a 3-S X Vocational board. 2 3 State boards and 5 vocational boards. Table 3. — Number of ultimate or basic administrative units , by level of instruction offered , by State: 1949-50 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Other administrative units Elemen¬ tary and secondary grades 20,257 718 HQO0WINN >H w H 2,009 704 180 1,125 8,279 100*0 CO CO O O 00 O CO 3,434 Tf! 05 O 00 O Tf 05 1 CO CO IN IN 05 V 0C CC IN 1C IN Secondary grades only 05 1,694 i i 1 1 1 i 1 1 05 Tjoo 1 87 co loo 370 eooooo 1-I-* CO Elemen¬ tary grades only 11 60,212 462 1 150 181 120 10 4,987 3,221 367 1,399 9,784 Tf< O 1 *o to 1 CM CO l C3 CO !co*o 31,890 O 05 CO C5 CO O O S-ht)iC5Nih-h CO 00 CO 00 —i 05 CO CO CO i—i CO CO rji Total 10 82,163 o 00 »OOiCHGO t-h ^ co io co r— ' CM CM CO iH 7,005 3,929 552 2,524 18,150 1,509 1,056 4,875 4,918 5,792 35,694 ^(NWOCDWN h iO N Q3 *0 *0 r— < CO CM CM CO t> T}I CO 05 co co >o Entire county, and county except independent units Elemen¬ tary and secondary grades ON 999 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l I . K5 1 1 1 1 1 lO 05 1 1 1 CO • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! ! 1 Secondary grades only eo vC CM CM I> 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 CM U- i i i ! i i Elemen¬ tary grades only t- i i i i l i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 iii lit iii tit iii iii 111 i i i | Total NO 1,074 CM IN U- 1 1 1 1 1 1 l ^ lO 1 | 1 1 1 t 24 05 *01> i i i i i i | Total Elemen¬ tary and secondary grades Irt 21,256 718 i-i os oc eo i-t IN r-i 2,009 704 180 1,125 8,284 OOOCOID ■I U3 00 05 OOWQM l-H-HTf 3,439 coooooeo^c* rf CO CO CM I> CM C3 00 CO CM *0 CM Secondary grades only * 1,755 IN IN 1 CO Tt< CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 87 co 00 389 *0*0 00 CO CO Elemen¬ tary grades only M 60,226 462 HOHOO 1 *0 00 CM rH 1 i 4,987 3,221 367 1,399 00 II ^ 494 *0*0 CM CO 03 co CO *0 O 03 00 CO 6,670 3,812 5,643 1,822 3,123 6,210 4,610 Total 05 83,237 1,182 *00 t-4 CO *0 CO t- HfNC^CO 1-H 7,012 3,929 559 2,524 18,155 03 CO O 00 CM OlOOOH 05 lOOOOON THHTt Tf lO 35,718 CONCOOHC5N HiONiOOcC^O r-< CO CM CM I> CM CO CM CO CO *0 State, by region - Continental United States.. New England _ Maine _ New Hampshire _ Vermont _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic _ New York _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central _ Ohio _ Indiana _ Illinois. _ _ Michigan _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .s *55 s o o 1 West North Central Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri _ . North Dakota _ South Dakota _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ . See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 1 Includes 955 closed districts.’ 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Number of personnel in State Offices of Education , by State: 1949-50 i State, by region Total Chief State school officer and his professional staff Regional and district adminis¬ trative supervisory personnel 2 Clerical assistants Operation and maintenance force Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ _ 7,753 2,930 26 349 4,104 136 192 16 New England - 601 263 6 12 315 1 4 62 33 29 40 21 19 52 30 22 245 107 134 4 27 7 6 14 175 65 12 97 1 2,210 652 1,419 49 90 1,600 525 985 90 190 54 87 49 420 73 347 East North Central... 882 409 5 131 274 7 45 11 Ohio _ _ 272 61 109 51 1 39 11 Indiana _ 93 18 21 54 Illinois _ 306 240 60 6 Michigan _ __ . 105 45 1 58 1 Wisconsin. 106 45 5 51 5 West North Central. _ 543 166 84 279 9 4 1 Minnesota _ 111 52 57 2 Iowa . . _ 104 18 20 65 1 Missouri 183 33 64 83 3 North Dakota _ 23 7 16 Smith Dakota _ 26 15 11 Nebraska _ 47 22 23 1 1 Kansas _ 49 19 24 6 South Atlantic _ 1,066 479 13 13 506 43 9 3 Delaware _ _ 71 33 5 32 1 Maryland _ 92 38 1 53 Virginia _ 324 174 150 West Virginia _ 63 25 3 26 6 2 1 North Carolina _ 70 40 30 Smith Carolina 104 40 13 39 11 1 Georgia. 212 88 4 109 9 2 Florida _ . 130 41 67 17 3 2 District of Columbia . East South Central _ 508 160 74 253 1 19 1 Kentucky.. 101 36 3 53 9 Tennessee 170 43 38 77 1 10 1 Alabama. 163 40 123 Mississippi . _ 74 41 33 West South Central _ 676 239 1 26 386 5 19 Arkansas _ 77 26 4 34 5 8 Louisiana _ _ 282 120 162 Oklahoma _ 94 48 46 Texas _ 223 45 1 22 144 11 See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 Table 4. — Number of personnel in State Offices of Education , by State: 1949-50 1 — Continued State, by region Total Chief State school officer and his professional staff Regional and district adminis¬ trative supervisory personnel 2 Clerical assistants Operation and maintenance force Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 369 154 1 9 182 21 2 76 39 26 11 Idaho _ 49 21 28 Wyoming _ 32 16 12 4 Colorado _ 63 24 3 36 New Mexico _ 39 14 25 Arizona _ _ 48 14 1 1 28 2 2 Utah _ 39 17 20 2 Nevada _ 23 9 5 7 2 Pacific _ 898 408 490 Washington _ 49 22 27 Oregon. _ _ 68 25 43 California _ 781 361 420 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ 10 4 6 American Samoa _ 6 1 1 3 1 Canal Zone _ 16 5 10 1 Guam _ _ Hawaii _ _ 118 56 62 Puerto Rico _ 450 92 165 158 35 Virgin Islands _ 8 2 1 See table 2 for personnel of State boards of education. 2 Full-time only. Table 5. — Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State: 1949-50 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Clerical Assistants Part- time OS 1,953 © 05 i i 1 l i i i i i i f 1 1 1 1 1 | 201 65 136 288 i 100 i 1 100 1 i i CM i i i i i i i 44 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 l 1 44 Full¬ time eo 7,458 27 27 1 1 1 2,217 875 1,342 1,336 •l>© 1 It* C5 l i i i i 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 © 1 1 T* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Instructional Staff Teachers Secondary Women 182,050 10,925 906 605 361 5,814 1,056 2,183 32,927 14,912 5,277 12,738 33,218 © 00 O5 00T),© oo-^r-ooeo 17,745 t-i eo eo t}< co oo © © rH eo 05 ^ Tt*«tfCO r-tCS) Men 16 142,043 9,342 COCOCO Tj© 1 OhO^Oh ©©eocsr--© | lO H 29,464 13,618 4,333 11,513 30,498 9,169 4,833 7,050 5,898 3,548 15,116 eo © | tH i-H i-h-HCO 62,391 28,530 9,610 24,251 63,716 17,934 9,821 14,937 14,390 6,634 32,861 7,764 7,713 6,047 1,621 1,801 3,174 4,741 Elementary Women 14 536,653 28,702 co co os r- oo | O 05 Id © CO .-i © CO 00 O I r-< ,-H © © •<}< .-1 Total IN 589,578 30,506 4,511 1,698 1,738 13,538 2,171 6,850 99,998 51,140 17,499 31,359 108,548 25,716 13,607 32,287 22,767 14,171 71,142 11,810 13,606 16,447 4,916 5,326 8,775 10,262 Total Women 5 718,703 39,627 5,014 2,201 2,015 18,673 3,123 8,601 122,641 60,177 21,307 41,157 130,630 31,999 16,516 35,982 30,511 15,622 83,764 ©-tf-t K3 « 39,748| 19,493 5,802 14,453 41,634 11,651 6,912 11,242 6,646 5,183 20,239 OOiONCOihON CM CO CO t* lO 00 CD © lO CO CO lO 05 T* co >-i i-i i— i eo Total Os 913,671 50,773 CO CO lO CO t* 05 I (MHOOOO^ 1 CO 00 Tti lO O CO cd(N(N^C0O CM »-h I 162,389 79,670 27,109 55,610 172,264 43,650 23,428 47,224 37,157 20,805 104,003 19,574 21,319 22,494 6,537 7,127 11,949 15,003 Principals Sec¬ ond¬ ary CO 1 1 1 1 t- 1 CM 1 1 l ! iCM 00 < GO C5 'CM CO i 1 1 1 775 1 1 1 — < © Ele¬ men¬ tary t- 1 i i i 1 42 9 594 © 1 CO ! CM 1 i i 615 1,364 1 1 1 1 500 1 1 1 1 169 319 58 115 742 l - Total, including undis¬ tributed items © y 39,314 1,630 Wl 16 66 396 6,257| 3,098 897 2,262 5,767 , iocm cor^ ^ CO CO CM CM IO00H 3,983 461 967 577 CO©© co m © COIN 00 Supervisors Sec¬ ond¬ ary 10 1 1 1 l i i 1 1 T* i iCM • ICO j 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 59 1 l 1 t 1 1 ©00 1 CM rH 'CM 1 00 1 1© 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary s* 1 1 1 i 1 l i i CO l l 05 1 ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 191 1 1 1 1 IIO 1 1 © 1 • CO I U- rH 1 00 ID 1 Total, including undis¬ tributed items „ ✓ 9,189 1,165 ict-o cocxn hhN 203 2 , 151 1 00 05 oooio os eo oo 1,036. LP’-ieoiN noeo § © © 'IN i 'X i i© i IO CO X© 1 1 1 © b- N — Tjt 1 1 IIIJN- 1 i i i | O ^ ^ » O C5 CM n ' ^b- ©_ 05 CM O^DNWNOCN 1 X © © b- ©TX— i — — . l © I Tr- I © 1 I NINO©©©©© j 1 — © — X X © X © X 1? © © b- X — j 1 ^ S- ! CM ~ w ^ | r . — ccc cmVToo I I — Xb- 1 © N © t> X © ' © N — ITpO CD r- © ©©© N © — — N © — x" 00 X CD 00 XX0©©00— X OONOOOON^h N XX©©©Nt-© © © — t-X — ©© rH X * iO C5 ^ lc C X — IN — ©©© — XN© 1 N r- 1 o X IN © X I © © © — i © — — — 1 t> c © © — IN | I - ; in I XXXii-OONO j ©XOXXfOIN — ©© — © — Nb- | X IN — © IN X N 1 i IS i00- 1 o 1 ^ b- IN X 1 IN © — 1 ©03© OOiOCM 1 CO ©© — TP — Tp 1 X — 00N© — X© X© — Tp 00 I> ©©©tPtPN© — — nooc©ccoo t- "O' 00 N © 1> tp o *- o 1— I> o o Ci t-0 — — < COCO Is- I© ©•^©X I — © X © 1 t^X©-3< 1 X I l| 1 04 1 © IN © © © N X I — — x— ©cxx ! XX © © t— N 1 IS h- X©N Xb-IN — * IN II X © Tp X © X CMCN CM iO nb* CD © IN C3 00 NX©C0XN©N tp ©*X©©NN« © ©NX©.©©TpC3 © © N X O — © © — X © ccw^ 05 CO ^ o i o 1 o Is X©©© 1 © © 1 X © X © i t— C © N - x | | — 1 ^ j CM ©©XOOIN'J'X 1 ©-Tb-©X©XO i»XCNN«^X X IN — © X X IN 1 1 p. 1© 1 I CoS— ' c; o io CO Tp©© CONN X — b- NtPX© X — — N © TP — © 112,5021 X©© — NNXX © © 00 IN © © X © © tp NSCnMifOC b- HOOCtHCO^O^ CM HH(NrH(NrH g o CO o tr © N © — !> © X tCNN 21—22 12 I o x©xx it © l> X — xxt^ O CO CM O -^HlHCO So IN ©©xxo©c© ©XNNN©XX ©NO©b-©(NX 1 X X N © X X X i © ii* CM O | bfX X©© I ©XIN CN^t T-l Tf | ©©X l © © N — N © 'X XN Tp N '© — — 'NN o © tp N N XO©Tp©— in© — rNN©nNNM 00 owcomcocow © CM CM CM ^ CM ^ CM TP - ©INOX X X — X © © 1? X X-^XIN 1 X r- X — i X N © ©XO 'I>b-N — rs : 135,012 ©©©© — XOb- © rr © © TT © © X © IN XOO — tpp^X© X — — ©Tpt-~©TP© X HHHNHOH oo IO b-NNb- ©© — N © N © © X IN — © j -INN- II © II © V II© ©IN — X Tj<©X© x©©x CMLCiQO rnr^^lC CO o © ■^©XXX© — X X— TX Ctji — X -©TT©N© — © — 1}I ^ N © Tjl © Til — il © ®- O b* 'P© © INN© ©N — Tf'CO n — O XX© OPOOOO N © © © — © Tp © — X N N © — XX 1 1 1 1 1 © © Ii-I i>Tr co no • < i i i i i i l l I I 1 1.0 i i i i CM i • l I ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i I 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 — X i"p i© i i X U© IN IO i 1 CO N itP i—l 1 i 1 1 1 t 1 1 IN © b- co o o ; r- ' — CM 00 ICN r-4 ICO 1 1 1 1 TT coo— < ■ O 1 ' NWCN '00 ' ' i i i i i i 1 i I l i O i ' 00 1 • ^ ' ' 00 LO 1 T*< 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i I I i I i i l I I I i i I o X ID t-‘ ONIN©MN©^ © MOXCO^hOO© © 'fCM©ClXb — CO X CO CO o CM CM OCM CM CM lO ©XfC 1 ©(n©tt : Tb©-^ j """I l§ °! r XNONXCb© ©00©TtXX© — IN — X T}i CS Tp © TP ©* © N © t>b.© X* CM C 00 C5 — — • HlOH CM ^ CM CM H 1 1 1 1 1 • CO 1 1 i I 1 1 o CM »1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 IN 05 • i i i I I 1 1 1 1 111 gll, III lll| i i i i I O l0 i i 1 i I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 l 1 i i I l 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 O O i • i • i i N CM00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X b- TC< . 1 CM i i i 1 CO ' 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i 1 0 O 1 1 1 ' 00 1 CO CM IIII I iiii i iiii i iiii i iiii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 ■TtflO 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 l l l l 1 1 I 1 i i l i i i CD X O — cob- » ■ CO 1 1 mu 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO ic cm © © X — IN X i ® © © ©f-©X tji © © — X 1 © l © — ©T»iTj<© — XX © Tf X O) — © © IN — 1 CM L-0 CM r NlOC O CM O 1 1 1 1 1 1 ox© xb- — 1143,578 tp Tp © Tp © x © — ; © — b- x x © © — X ©t-XO— ©©© © r-<-<^OOOTj«b- CO 1 11 Ii** 005 r-o CO C T © CM 05 CO O © CM CM iO — CM CM — < II 'O4 i Jo ii © 112 ©INO© X — t- t— XX — — j X©XN l 0 ! to ii © || X 1 x© — ©—x© — X © © f- © TP C N ] ©©©©t-tPtpN | Tp Tf £!z;«2o5 Q “ WE- oc < w 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 c< ill «<§ i iiii i i till l J i i i i i < iiii i a ' i i i i £h iiii i g : : ; i : - i . i i i « ; ! ? i <* o ! J b §!2-5 2 2 O £ -S X < ZD u c — O H H < — C c-i * IC D a o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111*111 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 . o , , , > i i i.S i i i ca :gd g : : : — — ^ ^ W ^ c a z-H 1 CO i 1-4 ICC • cs ' K 5 i i l } t 5 ' Full¬ time 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l l 225 275 636 59 1 4 148 i i i Transpor¬ tation employees Part- time 15 284 1 Pn. 1 1 1 1 1 i i CO irtNN i i uj i co cor- ii i CO II 1 Full¬ time 1,706 2,783 — 2,163 2,985 3,258 6,996 344 486 243 140 13 932 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 Recrea¬ tional workers Part- time I> ' 1 1 1 i CM i i i i i i i 36 too CO 1 1 | i 1 1 1 1 i i Full¬ time 12 i CM • i i i i i i i i Tji 00 1 © CO [I 32 || | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l CO Nurses Part- time s oooo CO i i— i i i i i i i i ' CO i itJKN * l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Full¬ time o 00 to 1-1 (N ■ CM i i i i i i i © TfCOCOOOO Tf II '( CO CO 1 1 : N 1-H CO 1 1 1 Cental hygienists Part- time © 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Full¬ time CO i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tj< 1 CO Dentists Part- time r- ^ ' » CM i i i i 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 o 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 Full¬ time VD i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Physicians Part- time U5 co oo CO l 1-4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 If 1 1 1 1 o CO 1 « CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Full¬ time ■*? T* CO i i lO 1 1 CM • 'CM I-* CO 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 r -4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total Part- time co CM CM CO (Nnh l>*OCO 454 431 if CO CD N 00 i— * 41 1 3 6,287 5 Full¬ time co 3,276 4,977 1,370 556 3,483 5,779 3.258 7,600 1,021 1,011 1.258 1,386 193 3,205 30 84 472 86 7 State, by region - East South Central: Kentucky _ Tennessee _ Alabama _ Mississippi _ West South Central: Arkansas _ Louisiana _ Oklahoma. . Texas _ Mountain: Montana _ Idaho _ Arizona _ Utah _ Nevada _ Pacific: Oregon _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska .. _ 'Jttimi /juuu _ Hawaii _ Puerto Rico _ Virgin Islands _ Table 7. — Percent of men teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State , for specified years 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Percent of men teachers, by specified year 1949-50 It 21.3 b- 00 05 1— 1 © 05 ©it© t^©00©© ©©C«3©00©n t» © b- 05 — 1 05 b- © ©rtcoitn© itn© ©©eobi-t © eo os © .-h eo eo oioinoioconn 05 05 n 05 05 n 05 05 C5 NNNrtN 1947-48 13 eo eo C5MN-1HO 05C0© 05itO©© n © CO 05 05 © © © 1-1 eo © it © 00 oo©n©©b- eo©n © n © oi t~©ooditeob- -t oo n co 05 05 it co 1-1 05 .-1 05 n rH 05 05 05 05 05 05 n 05 HrtrtNrtHH NrtHHHHHH 1945-46 05 16.6 oo eo i-i oo oo oo ©eo© ©ooeooeo it ,-h © ,-1 © it eo hoioohoo® ©oor^©©eo ©oo© eoeooo©© itoo©©©©n ©©coeooon© 1-1 n nnn 05 1-1 05 05 05 1-ii-ii-H n nn 1-1 1-1--1 C5H11H 1943-44 11 15.3 nit00©05it ©On © 05 © 11 it 5> © © 05 CO 05 05 © © © © n © © m co oo o ncoo cd cd d oo r-4 dcodcoooooo I-H i-< HHH IHH(N odd 00 d d rH 00 oo oo d ©n00 CO b- © 00 00 CO it © n n n 05 COCOnnn n 05 n n n n n n n it 05 05 05 05 1899-1900 W 29.9 it©©oo©o ©©© itontemt it 05 © oo it oo b- eot^©©it©©© ©OOCOOO©© It 05 05 ©eD©©00 ©b^l>00itn05 ©HHNOMif© ii n n n CO it it 05 05 n nneCC5 05 O5C0 05 05 CO © it it it CO 1889-90 i* 34.5 ©00©00©it ©It05 n n © CO 00 ©©itCOOnOO ©00©itn©e0© © © 05 © 05 CO ©00 It CO n 05 05 © CO © it 00 © O n b- n CO © © CO 00 ^ rt rtrt rt ii CO it © CO 05 n 05 05 it 05 05 05 it CO 05 it © © it © ^ r 1879-80 CO 42.8 050000050500 ©©© 00 © 05 © © © n 00 't~n © © 00 05 CO © 05 © ti©©eO©05 ©00© NN©© 00 ©COOO© I©© ©C5n©rt©©n 05 *1 ii rt 05 05 05 05 it it © CO 05 05 05 CO © it ' it it it "t © ti © © © 1 1 1 tj- © 00 05 41.0 1 Tt< O lO rH CTi iO 00 04 iO CO 00 O CO b- i 004 1t©©05© 05 05 05 05 CO © CO © 00 CO © © it i n b- © © it © CO 05 n in 05 n n rt 05 05 05 CO it it © it 05 05 C0C0©05 '©it 05 it © t> l> © t> © State, by region - Continental United States _ New England: Maine _ New Hampshire _ Vermont _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic: New York _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central: Ohio _ Indiana _ Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ West North Central _ Minnesota. _ Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota _ South Dakota _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ South Atlantic: Delaware _ Maryland _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ South Carolina _ Georgia _ Florida _ See'footnote at end of table. Table 7. _ Percent of men teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools , by State, for specified years — Continued STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 Percent of men teachers, by specified year / / / _ xZ - 1949-50 © eo-^co © cnnh ©©©-<*<©©©© ca©b- || ©t^coo© ooiooo i-h^o>i-h ©©OTj id CO d CD O CO 00 to rH CO CD O 1C rH ID 00 CO t^OOO 00 00 O rH LT rH W(NHH hh© | ©t>©©© hH NCOhh © t— i © ,— i HCOHHINHNH hhh i~i rtf hh © CO 1919-20 b- © ©rtfeOO ©b-©© b-00©©©00©© ©00© ©rtfnHOO i-i i— i © © © hhcooooo ©rtf>-H©©©Ttf© eo©© hh b* H-l © © © © COHHH HHH ©rH© hH 1— ( i—( 1 1 HCOlHN 1909-10 VO © 1> © © © ©Ttf©o0 0©00©rtf©©o0 O rtf 00 || hH HNIOH b- 1-h © O ©©©©r}C'.000 ©©©©© C0©i-i ©rtfoo || CO lOr^O^ DN(NO0 CDhiOOiONCDh 00 00 1> rH Tf to CO Tf HCOHCqiO(NCOH W(NH 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1889-90 o oooo©© © b- ' hh ©TjiHj<©©oo©eo ©com 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 eo © ^ co © oorf i h ©eo©©©oo©© ©cohh HH Tt<©©Ht< ©H}H 1© ©CO©©©COTfHH Hj Tt CO rH 00 CD lie 00 !> CD 00 t*h CD 00 CO CD l> CD CD CO to Tt< CO to ^ CO Tf CO © 00 © © ©ooooo ©© ico eo ec © oo b- 'Ortf ©b-o || 1 1 1 1 l 1 l I 1 i ' 00 CD to CD O too C^OOOOh i to d CD h © CD CD CD I> to CD CD (M ^ O ' tO CO tO rt< II State, by region pH District of Columbia - East South Central: Kentucky - Tennessee _ Alabama-- - Mississippi - West South Central: Arkansas - - Louisiana - Oklahoma _ Texas _ Mountain: Montana - Idaho _ Wyoming - Colorado - - New Mexico - - - Arizona - Utah - - - Nevada _ — Pacific: Washington - - — — . Oregon.. - California - - - Outlying parts of the United States ATooVa Canal Zone - — . . Hawaii - - - Puerto Rico _ _ CO 1 3 0 c3 a Si > 1 Estimated. Table 8. — Number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State, for specified years 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 1949-50 13 rH rH CO H}< 368 Total © 5,707 331 00 00 © CO COHHMNCO 1,128 540 180 408 1,132 ©©coooo oo©oo©co nhnnh 584 COCO ©t^©Ob- C4 H (N (N ©00 791 Elementary pupils (K-8th grade inclusive) Girls © 9,387 463 ©©C0©rtf^©rH00 cocoo- rH rH CV) CO Q06‘f Estimated 1 population, excluding armed forces overseas July 1, 1950 t'-o ^ 0 CO ID 1-tCM HiOOCHCNN CM !! ^ HCCCXN^O CM CM CC^H ©CM CM 00 1 © CO LO Xt* — © NXCN — X CO CM CM ©H-^PINXC® NXHiCNNn 00 X©© © © © X CM i-h CM hiCOOh CM Tt NCCKN'tSH O — oo Tf to t* c o o oo HNHCONNH u & LOGINS NONH (NNNN CD co O ©->*000 ©ffi©X rtHlI© © © X © T* T* © X T* © © X t* X X LO © © o 00 OCMC LOCi Tt i-s CD ©X i-4 © CM CO OCC200^t-* © 00 i a 1 O c cm NOCN CC CO LO TT I Tt LO iO o r r ©OOX ClG-tN x-<*x© t> CiHcDNtnCHOO 0C © Tt CM i-i n CM © X C5C5 00 O 0C LO CO 1-1 CO xxx © x ■>* - ©© X xx©©xo©0 © OlCC-^'f LOIN tj< — XXt*XXX L- © LOTtOCO N W CO C CM CO CO CM CM CO GOfX G tt — lo X X X © oc NChNXN©N LO © X — O © O — LO CD © LO © ©XT* — — X Iv X Tt CO CM Tt © t* CMCOCOCOi-* o t< 1 C 1 co 1 TT 1 CM xoco I © © X X © © © LO ! 1 CD X CD CM NWH>f C X TO LO ■<* t* tj- X T* X © CDCMO©©©TtLO OCMCDCMrtCOLOCM rH i-h CMth^-t-i X TJ- tXN t*t*0 ©OG© 1-T I-H © — T* IH « c (N (N >C 1C M Tf © © lO O — O — lO — TT LO C LO 0C LO rH © 1 X 1 ei <-<©cox 1 MNKN O O O LO |i Tt 1 L- CM CO x«0>f O TO — TJ* -*©©© 00 CD D«HCOiCDrHCMC CM^jcDr^r^ocr-co © ei X © X LO©l> T* X X CM ! i i i i ©ox — o„ — o © I b__ o * S: « 3 3 go I'S. O ^8g.S- t § £ 5 S £ Mil 1 t- c3 C E .5 ° T. — :-=£ a ; 5 g2 § C£OC >s C ei >.-£ S-r tx°* | c o 5 5 E £c< a i ;cc g 5 ° < 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. * Statistics, 1946-47. * Sex distribution estimated on basis of Washington. ® Less than 0.5. * Statistics, 1946-47, except column 2. Table 10. — Enrollment , by grade , in full-time public day schools , /or specified years 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 goo Is 5 e m O JS WHH Table 11. — Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary schools, by State: 1949-50 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 Secondary school pupils Post¬ graduate 00 41,827 2,714 178 119 101 1,902 414 1 O CM tO to 00 ^ 00 II OOh-h I' OO CO CO 30,221 1,104 29,066 51 1,141 1,048 18 75 Fourth year - 1,122,872 70,742 CM ^ CO OO 05 CO 1 05 05 Is- CO CM OO oooo^co^co CO co" CM" OO tO CO CO t-h I 226,969 102,240 38,440 86,289 229,029 TfCCCO OiTf 1 O^NN(N(N ctT tjT i>T 0" to co to ^ CO 123,311 26,447 24,900 27,590 5,691 6,436 13,285 18,962 Third year 1,273,826 CM O O to" 05 05 s-H co CO I CM ^ OO CO CO CO CM CO s-H CO t>7 ^ cm" o to ” i 250,197 115,703 40,767 93,727 248,556 64,649 36,670 63,196 51,899 32,142 136,946 OO to to O 03 to II OOCNCONOOtO ^tO t-h CO 00 CO co co 0 CM CM CO V— . CM J! Second year 15 1,511,906 86,788 1 t0 05 00t»t0^ I rH 05 Tf CM O C3 ONOCDOOTf 05 CO co CO CO 296,064 140,371 47,088 108,605 292,814 'f N 050 C5 I to ^ CO 0 1HNNOJN CO CO co 0 to !>■ COCO 151,909 N^^C3CMCOO || 0 1 to to 03 0 co <3 CM^ 03^ OO CO cm" 03 !>." co" t>r to cm" CO CM CO t-h CM First year 14 1,756,303 95,967| to CO CO O O O 1 to to to o co CM_CO CO o TF CM_ OtOCOv^tS^OO 349,258 177,072 53,166 119,020 331,585 86,444 50,442 84,306 70,404 39,989 170,202 34,966 32,064 45,312 8,138 8,425 16,636 24,661 Total 13 5,706,734 33 1 ,213 1 05 Y>- 05 co t''- oo | OO ^ CO 05 to i-htT05^05CM_ TjTod^odVco CO v-t h J>. CM CO 1,128,008 540,274 179,775 407,959 1,132,205 286,261 165,600 282,611 259,548 138,185 583,509 CO OO t-h CM 00 CO 00 || NNC0tOO3r-tO o°A«ooqoqN cm" cm" to" co" oT 03 CO CM ^ CM CM to 00 jl y Kindergarten and elementary school pupils Eighth grade CM 1,751,862 92,836 11,882 5,624 4,719 44,246 7,813 18,552 298,091 133,524 44,422 120,145 329,772 90,250 50,980 81,231 72,296 35,015 177,680 35,208 34,743 45,360 9,938 9,493 16,798 26,140 Seventh grade - 1,947,227 98,052 CO 05 CO l>- 05 OO I OO 05 CO O to CO to OO s-^03 s-H CO cm" to" to o' OO 05 318,721 146,335 47,734 124,652 349,352 96,916 54,908 84,725 76,647 36,156 1 00 05 OO 03 00 co^o^aoN || NC3 00000010 NrHCDOO^OiHO co" co" co" 03 03" i>T co" CO CO to t-h CM II Sixth grade O 2,055,741 co CM d oo ca GO OO 05 CO O to I CM rf CD to OO t>^t>^CO oo CO CM cm" to to" co" 1>T o" 1-* ^ CM 319,685 145,003 48,529 126,153 366,320 N^CO^O I ONOOI^O tO^tOON NOOr^ON o> to 03 00 CO 193,601 N rH rH to 03 CO CM 11 ^ O ^ 05 DO OO to C3 1-^ 03 CO 00 00" r-" 0" 03 t>T tC CO CO tO 1—4 1— < CM I II Fifth grade 2,150,678 CM O CM^ © 13,045 5,898 5,852 48,033 7,758 20,616 s CM CO 146,791 48,671 132,160 367,841 CO CO CO w-H t-h I to CO 0 CO CO CM co 0 O3odo^"oo 05 to 03 00 CO 204,879 ^ O CM CM CO tO CO || O CO CO CO ^ CD T— . CO OO co 03 co co 03 OO 03 0 03 OO OO CO CO to t-h t-h CM II II Fourth grade 00 2,254,028 104,088 13,317 6,140 6,104 49,184 8,002 21,341 337,681 156,186 50,837 130,658 384,044 OrHCOM^ j tCCOOOON CO to ©CO ^ co" *-T to" to" 00 O CO 03 00 CO 208,833 CO^ON003^< || CO CO to CO to co 03 CO t>^ O to T* CO 0" 03" 03" 0" 0" 00 03 ^ CO to T— 1 T— ( T-t CM Third grade 2,395,904 113,674 00NO5CO»HW 1 OONONNO CM CO CO tO CM «0 CO CO ^ OO CO *-h to CM 363,797 172,582 56,050 135,165 414,455 CO ^4 03 0 03 1 co co 0 C3 CD CM OO to t-T »— T 0" ; H CO O 03 220,310 43,146 41,704 63,431 11,157 10,939 18,834 31,099 Second grade to 2,644,707 130,742 15,405 7,361 6,885 63,303 8,513 29,275 416,380 203,134 66,066 147,180 465,997 128,258 72,146 115,853 104,908 44,832 240,103 48,778 44,698 67,221 12,116 11,792 20,880 34,618 First grade in 3,170,343 143,275 17,078 8,078 7,760 69,012 9,421 31,926 456,386 208,180 80,356 167,850 511,725 tO CM to CO ^ CO OO t>- to to 0 CO 03 to 03 CO 00 CO CO ^ ^ 280,065 CM CO CO tO CM || CM t>» O ^ CO CO s-h 0 to r-^ co 03 03 cm" cm" 0" co" co" 0" !>•" to CD GO T-t T-t CM CO Kinder¬ garten 1,034,203 79,020 13,732 1,941 1,090 31,735 5,731 24,791 256,959 146,120 52,475 58,364 OO °C CM 50,259 22,833 77,782 101,426 35,831 112,752 23,817 28,496 19,706 173 3,031 18,876 18,653 Total - 19,404,693 961,515 OO CO -Ml CM OO t". AO — CM tO O tO © CO CM_ OC^ CO ^ co" 05" co" t-h C3 CM to ^ to I>- O ^ CM 3,095,322 1,457,855 495,140 1,142,327 3,477,637 CD OO CM t— -rf O O IT- 00 CO NNOOON co -nT v-T 03 to" rnCMNOtO 03 to 00 00 CO 1,828,121 358,736 364,942 499,126 87,809 88,577 168,063 260,868 Total «M 25,111,427 1,292,7281 158,247 71,733 61,143 632,285 96,305 273,015 4,223,330 1,998,129 674,915 1,550,286 4,609,842 1,202,967 689,808 1,153,683 1,069,435 493,949 2,411,630 481,612 477,720 644,457 114,661 117,675 227,879 347,626 State, by region - Continental United States - New England . . . Maine . . New Hampshire . . Vermont . . . Massachusetts— . Rhode Island . Connecticut . .. Middle Atlantic . New York _ _ _ New Jersey . Pennsylvania _ East North Central _ Ohio . . . Indiana . Illinois . . Michigan . Wisconsin . . West North Central . . Minnesota.. . . Iowa . . Missouri . . . North Dakota . South Dakota . Nebraska. . . Kansas . Table 11. — Enrollment , by grade , in full-time public elementary and secondary schools , by State: 1949-50 — Continued 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Secondary school pupils Post¬ graduate CO 590 • CM • O O 1 1 » OO II i 1 AO I lO 1 1 1 Tf 1 • 1 03 CM • » 1 1 I i III | i i i iii || • 288 | ICO 1C l — < 1 1 : « i i ! i 1,121 • COt'- !OTf4 1 U- • CM CM IIO^ 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fourth year 133,371 cCr^tOcONOiOOO O | CO — CO **f CO CO Tt< OO cq CM 03 O CO CM CO CO OO Tj<" 1 HHCOHNH 75,15o| 17,838 21,577 21,305 14,430 -«d o 14,526 14,056 20,071 56,088 42,923 OOOOiOrHON^OS rHOOTfCOC-*»- r-iNN OIHO 05 00 'rf iceo *dod 3 CM 05 05N-N- 1 CM t- 05 CM*-**© ^IQIN CM 05 *QNO CO *0 HQH NC3rH *0-^10 tN i-H *0 05 CO cm' kQ ^ CO -Ct< 1 COlOTf CO OO TjTtCo5 WHO § 2 (NNrf CO 05 CO CO CO CO OCrH CO CO ©05 CM OH 05 IQ oT IQ O CO CO I Nr?05 ©co© i^Toaco N*HrH CO s LO CO O *0 CON 05 03 ON *OTfTt< In r* CO ©CM CON.' co N N-' IO *C N» CO t-h 05 ^ 05 05 03-^ rHCOOJ 05 CO 05 CO IO °v N- n- OO CO 05 CO 05 N Hr- I N 05 O 1 05*0*0 CO* 00 N-' ^ 03 0 03 0 05 O' 05 Tf 1H05 O CO CO ^ CM GO O CO O CM »— ' CM^ IN’— adult education classes , by State: 1949-50 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 .So g <3 os .. § 3 . T3 3 W o ■g'd oig 'Sfe « a ®QN GO 3 0 >5 Si •2 § ■§ o > ® « S .Si S’g 3 3 ft . ■«a S o 3-« aa 'll g; 8 o 5 ®.S O * ~ >>•£ 00’“' ■>* m- *1.2 • ^ •*» 62-s g §>S« ft ®o I * S=S5@ S4S'S lilbiig-e U^n®2o^O C 3,° 3^ >£_ TS«gflgK°« aj » 1 1 o 1 « 1 Tf 1 1 rH 1 l I II III II III II III II III II III II III II III II III Aggregate number of days attended Secondary t- 1,087,221 65,873 5,593 3,798 2,786 36,191 5,349 12,155 207,282 83,193 31,096 92,993 211,193 47,441 27,647 48,636 63,407 24,061 103,409 26,475 21,793 23,958 4,175 4,632 9,847 12,528 169,183 Elementary v© 2,877,132 140,731 20,500 7,786 6,790 63,764 9,728 32,163 466,510 227,230 75,161 164,119 540,515 1 150,097 74,637 143,863 114,185 57,733 268,143 47.985 53,126 75.985 13,654 13.985 26,270 37,137 476,373 Total to 3,964,354 206,604 26,093 11,585 9,576 99,955 15,077 44,318 673,792 310,423 106,257 257,112 751,708 1 197,539 102,284 192,499 177,592 81,795 371,552 74,461 74,919 99,944 17,829 18,617 36,117 49,666 645,556 Average daily attendance Secondary ON t- SO 998 HHtOHON CO OS rH o CO CD 943 Elementary CO 16,105 1 o os 1-1 rf CO IO t-'. rH CO rH 2,555 1,244 412 899 2,898 1 C0004 ^ iO Tt^COOCOrH I>^t^COCO 1,536 ©cOt-~ OSOOSIO 00 05 00 ^ CO CQ CN i-H (N 2,662 Total N 22,284 1,156 ICCOCOO^ »o rt< co m co oo Tt< rH iQ 04 3,692 O CO 00 O 00 o 4,167 1,110 589 1,032 987 450 2,124 00 00 CO CO Tt* rH CO —1100000 Tf< iO — l H (N CO 3,605 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 COO*~»0 050X(N 1,614 247 164 1,203 1 1 1 CO i i i i i i I i i CD oo N i-i <35 <35 00 h* O to rt< TfCKOOHNH (30 IN to CO Tf CD 2,134 Tt>« ■sSS'SSggo * Q§p>^£> c3 iS C §s £ §-g ^ o 4>'E -3 « W g o •< d .S c £ ,3 o o im £66 o N.J -S 03 « 3 © i—i 00 CO 00 © 1-1 ©0©t}< 2,124 t*i 00 00 CO © Tf n II© CO — ' © o O © © © H CM CO © *— < 00 ■^05 00005 NWCON 1947-48 II 20,910 680 ‘l OlNMHrHrH rfCUONOOM i-h ©CM CO -f CO 1,628 554 1,361 3,929 | ©00©1>^ ^ © oo © ^ ©©©00^ 2,026 Tt< CM CM i-h © © CO ^©co©oor^ ^ Tf Tji © ,-1 r-1 CM CM CO 1” OOCON.O»-< CO CO C5 00 1C ©©©© rf miocoom <-H ©HCM 4,222 1,920 635 1,668 4,154 CM © CO CM t> CM © © © 00 i-i©©00^ 2,309 ^b-©©oeo-^ © © CO © CM CM Tf CO I> Tti © i— 1 1— i CM CO CO 1!" © Tf CM O CO © © i—i © CM Tt< Ttn> 1929-30 eo 21,265 1,315 00 CO 00 CO CO TF COCOiOt^Ot^ 1-t ©rH ^ CM ©T}H>TtiCO 1,852 OOOOOO^H-H tPCO©©00©© coco-* »— < cm 889 ‘I eo©©©n CMtJi©©CO H CM H CO 1899-1900 tfl 10,633 717 oor^f~©i> coco 1,632 CO eo O Tjv 00 CM CM Tf t- © Til © 00 © CMCOTti i—i CM 1,344 25 134 216 151 207 1889-90 8,154 577 00CM©^tJ-i CM 1,290 573 115 602 1,626 © CM CM O © CM CM CO © CO ^ CM i—i 826 OOO-H© ©00 b- n©oo. ©co r- „ CM CM n 1 1> t- © 00 CM © i—i oo cm © r- © r- oo CM 4,545 480 © 00 Tt* CM CM CO O-^^OCM© i-h CM 1,148 ©00© Tf © 1,394 CM © CM CO CM co©^©eo ■^CMCOi-itH 518 51 212 187 1 (3) 14 53 368 COCOt^fXCO rHlON»ON State, by region pH Continental United States _ New England _ Maine _ _ _ . New Hampshire _ Vermont — _ _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ _ _ _ Connecticut.. _ Middle Atlantic _ _ _ New York _ _ New Jersey _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ _ East North Central _ Ohio _ _ Indiana - - - - - Illinois _ _ _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ West North Central _ _ Minnesota _ _ Iowa _ _ _ _ Missouri _ __ North Dakota _ _ _ South Dakota _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ _ _ _ South Atlantic _ __ Delaware _ Maryland _ _ _ Virginia. _ _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ _ See footnotes at end of table. See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 414 620 415 84 2,134 rt< eo 10 in 11 co 00 00 05 1- In ^1010^1 03 04* Wrt^N 10 04 05 10 03-003 — 1 0 N 00 ^hOJHhNCHO Ot-ht^OCMCMt^CM i-H W»HHH 2,209 t>03-tf 40 04 04 1 03 04 CO I 1 — 00 40 05 40 00 CO 03 IO 04 O 1C t-ooo- 00 co >0 03 2,011 40 00 04 CO 10 m 10 2,200 344 381 400 1,075 798 ^03 00 40 00 04 03 03 00 O -* 00 O — CO 04 1,971 324 206 1,441 | oot- 79 338 ^i>eo 00 CO »oco 00 s 00 Tf 04 >0 HOKNTf 2,074 ©-COCO 04 CO OOO CO CO CO 0 669 00 — 0 00 eo t^ 04 05 t- 05 -tf CO 05 00 04 — 1,493 I 279 167 1,047 | 40CO cct^eo 04 10 ^ b- CO 00 00 CM 00 CO 10 CO 2,071 00 I>- ©eocot^ IO IO TT 2,373 CO 00 10 CO t>o-. ro¬ coco -0— 787 00 co r- 05 co 00 Tf 00 050-^0500004 — 00 Oi rp 275 166 1,057 10 CO ^ 00 10 00 10 CM 0000 00 Tf COCO CO CO 10 CM 1,825 00 CO ^t1 to oooot^eo ->1< 2,224 HOOi1 eoior~t^ coco -0 © 730 VD 00 00 — CO CO — 10 0 05 -0 05 t- 04 — 1,342 I 279 155 909 03CO-H 050303 CO 05 331 467 166 53 1,428 co 00 000 rt< iO CO CO CO"* 00 04 1,684 to CO to CD 04 iO iO rj< CO 04 CO t- 574 04 10 03 0 05 0 00 — 05 00 03 40 40-^05 — 829 I 211 137 481 | 0303 38 145 -tfCO-H 10 H'-'O© 04 03 — 1,207 40- 1 -0 40 — 0 03 04 CO „ 546 lOCOO 1-H I-H CM j 201 298 75 35 1,171 005 0010 — CO 05 04 COCO 04 04 844 LOCO^O Ci^CDCO i-H f-H T* 219 CO CM O CO CM O 1-1 10 CM CM 1-H CM rH 10 337 lOrfN N CD O 148 241 65 28 939 CD ^ 04 00 04 04 00 O 04 CO — 04 528 05 00 -0 00 263 107 h 0 m 0 co 10 h 10 HHH co 1-4 CM 227 r^cob- C0^Tt< HION i-H O Tf CM CM 661 178 209 118 157 242 10*0 10 10 CM CO 50 03-^04 03 03 03 0-40 | 05 — 040 | lOHH O ^CO 1-H i-H 00 0 — 05 00 0 04 00005 128 i>o ■^1 ■tf II 20 — — 03—1 !o304 1 83 1-H 50 South Carolina _ Georgia - Florida . . . . . District of Columbia _ East South Central. _ _ Kentucky - Tennessee - Alabama _ _ Mississippi - West South Central _ Arkansas _ _ _ Louisiana _ , Oklahoma _ Texas _ . _ Mountain _ _ Montana _ _ _ _ Idaho _ _ Wyoming - Colorado - New Mexico _ _ Arizona _ _ _ _ Utah _ _ _ Nevada _ _ _ _ Pacific _ _ _ Washington _ Oregon, . _ . _ _ California _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Canal Zone _ Guam 1 Hawaii _ Puerto Rico, _ _ _ _ _ Virgin Islands - H 1 Approximate. 4 Statistics, 1918-19. 2 High-school attendance not reported. b Fewer than 500. * Included with North Dakota. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 16. — Average length of term , and school attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , for specified years State, by region Average number of days schools were in session 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 of days attended by each pupil enrolled, 1949-50 of pupils enrolled attend¬ ing daily Total Elemen¬ tary Secondary 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 172.7 175.0 177.9 178.6 176.0 157.9 88.7 178.7 178.2 179.9 159.8 89.4 179.0 177.7 180.0 180.0 180.0 164.9 91.5 179.0 176.2 176.5 176.3 176.8 161.5 91.5 172.1 179.2 170.1 169.0 173.0 156.6 92.0 183.3 179.7 178.4 177.3 180.4 158.1 88.6 175.3 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 156.6 87.0 183.7 183.1 180.7 180.7 180.8 162.3 89.8 182.5 182.6 182.4 159.5 87.4 187.5 184.3 182.6 182.6 182.4 155.4 85.1 188.4 185.2 182.2 182.2 182.3 157.4 86.4 181.2 181.6 182.6 182.6 182.4 165.8 90.8 180.4 186.5 166.5 163.1 90.4 179.2 180.5 178.0 175.0 180.0 164.2 92.3 173.4 170.0 173.7 173.5 174.2 148.3 85.4 188.4 186.4 186.6 186.3 187.5 166.9 89.4 185.6 183.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 166.1 92.3 179.2 180.3 181.9 183.2 179.0 165.6 91.0 174.9 174.6 175.7 154.1 88.1 180.1 172.8 171.5 170.1 171.8 154.6 90.2 175.9 176.6 179.3 179.2 171.1 156.8 87.5 180.5 179.1 179.1 178.1 182.2 155.1 86.6 165.7 172.7 172.7 172.7 172.7 155.5 90.0 178.5 174.9 175.0 175.0 175.0 158.2 90.4 175.2 176.0 177.4 176.8 179.1 158.5 89.3 169.8 172.4 i 165.1 165.1 165.1 142.9 86.5 179.1 178.9 179.5 159.0 88.8 183.0 182.1 181.9 181.8 182.2 161.5 88.7 186.1 187.6 184.1 184.1 184.2 164.1 89.1 164.1 180.2 180.0 180.0 180.0 161.6 89.8 165.7 176.1 175.0 174.9 175.2 159.2 91.0 154.3 164.3 179.9 179.9 179.9 162.2 90.2 147.0 163.0 177.4 176.7 179.7 148.5 83.7 148.0 162.2 178.0 178.0 177.9 153.7 86.3 154.4 167.5 180.0 180.0 180.0 166.2 92.2 173.6 178.8 176.0 175.2 177.7 153.0 86.9 170.0 168.6 174.8 149.3 87.8 165.0 159.1 171.2 169.9 175.8 147.3 86.0 163.2 166.3 176.7 176.7 176.7 156.2 88.4 150.0 153.5 176.3 176.3 174.4 154.2 87.4 133.4 145.7 172.5 150.0 166.0 136.5 89.5 176.9 176.7 177.5 153.2 86.6 149.4 158.6 173.9 173.9 174.0 151.7 87.2 151.0 169.0 179.0 179.0 174.0 155.8 87.0 173.3 175.6 184.2 184.2 184.2 164.5 89.3 146.0 171.9 174.6 174.0 175.2 149.1 85.4 - 1 - Average Continental United States _ New England. Maine _ New Hampshire. Vermont _ Massachusetts _ _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut - Middle Atlantic. New York _ New Jersey... Pennsylvania . East North Central. Ohio _ Indiana _ Illinois _ Michigan.. Wisconsin. West North Central. Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska _ Kansas - South Atlantic. Delaware _ Maryland _ Virginia _ West Virginia. _ North Carolina. South Carolina. Georgia _ Florida _ District of Columbia. East South Central.... Kentucky.. Tennessee.. Alabama. .. Mississippi. West South Central. Arkansas.. Louisiana.. Oklahoma. Texas _ See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 Table 16. — Average length of term, and school attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State , for specified years — Continued State, by region Average number of days schools were in session Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled, 1949-50 Percent of pupils enrolled attend¬ ing daily 1929-30 1939-40 Total 1949-50 Elemen¬ tary Secondary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain _ 176.5 176.6 176.0 156.1 88.5 Montana _ 173.5 171.8 183.5 184.2 181.3 163.5 89.1 Idaho. - 162.6 174.5 175.8 177.6 171.3 159.6 90.8 Wyoming - - 161.3 176.7 175.0 175.4 173.7 143.7 82.1 Colorado _ __ _ 180.0 171.9 176.1 176.0 176.6 154.7 87.8 New Mexico _ 172.2 175.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 146.1 81.2 Arizona. _ . 175.1 168.9 170.9 170.0 174.2 155.2 90.9 Utah _ 172.5 174.8 175.3 175.3 175.2 162.3 92.6 Nevada _ _ 178.9 174.1 176.6 176.1 178.6 176.4 99.9 Pacific _ _ 175.2 175.1 175.8 160.4 91.5 Washington _ 179.4 178.7 173.8 172.8 176.1 154.7 89.0 Oregon _ __ 182.9 174.3 179.2 178.9 180.0 160.6 89.6 California _ _ 178.3 176.6 175.0 175.0 175.0 161.7 92.4 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 176.2 186.4 175.0 135.1 77.2 Canal Zone _ 207.6 204.2 187.3 187.1 187.7 164.4 87.8 Guam _ 203.0 189.0 Hawaii _ _ 169.0 180.0 171.7 163.3 95.1 Puerto Rico _ 191.2 192.0 191.0 191.0 191.0 172.1 90.1 Virgin Islands — _ _ 190.0 180.9 181.0 180.5 169.8 93.9 Statistics, 1947-48. Table 17. — Number of schools , elementary and secondary; number , enrollment , and percent of teachers in 1-teacher schools; and number of and enrollment in 2- and 3-teacher schools: 1949-50 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 $ S a x oo x o MO SB os Eh £ -HO -H CD ooo oT eo C5 Tf 05 50X 00 — HiON (N-H00 o eo oi o eo h* <-H 05 o H$* Tf t“- 05 l-H CO 00 00 Xb- „ eo eo 8 § i iO O to ootooeoo 'rHlOt^CS N(0 00“#0050 00 s 6 £1 coo leoeoosio to i to c; Tf ■Hf b- 'Ototoeo o c* >> §JfI •2 0,2.2 — “ rn A-, HiOONtO Htr^r^CLO xxxt-® oo eo oo —no 05 to “t t- OO rO to 00 05 05 -H t- to O (N to eo Tf< eo (N eo h#< 0 OCC05 ONrt C5 -h 05 t- 05 C5COHtC5C i-h 00 05 CO 50 tONiiSONO tC lOOXiO 00 >0 05 t- t* 05 50 CO 5 C alW gl® £ ► . eg-ss ^ g2, c.S 1 os 2 e .a.spg « H H O 3 !g2 § o i.5.2.8 £ l TO 0 :-goc I 0.53.0 > g. es s o.SSi-13® o ei — — C ® — t i C o on y C > co 5- - szllS<5 1 zzl * SlsiS g ilizJ q 5 5 * See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 lTf*OOt}( i co oo ^ 'N^O O CO CO o ONO05 O ON rp 00 CO 05 00 05 CO NC0»O CO 05010 connoxcon NOOWNh MN CON icoooo i N N i-H 1-0 0X05 -H T* O 00 050 IOOON SCOtJi 05 N O MOS 10 05 Mi> iiWWHOOOM 0000)00«30N cO lO 05 CO rH TfUJOM 005 co xocox -i lOCONffliOOOCOO 05 CO CO tJH .-i ’o 6 X COM t*CO oooo "o X ISCOCO X ICOMM CO 10X05 O^Ht'-Tjl 05 1-1 t* CO MMOCO l 05 CO CO 't^t^X l X Til 05 OOO OTfi CO O M M CO COt1< NO N CO o CO N O CO NX05C0H05N i— i 05 M M 05 M N l> t}< 00 N^rt|> hnXN N CD X X XMXt^ CO CO i-H »0 05C50MN05M05 Xi-iTjt CON h N X NOH H N CO NMiJiN>OXN b- HMNIO^OX m N CO M 05 T}< (30 05XOH MXmX CO t}< (n. CD COON NN M XNNNXM-H cO i— * N cO M M O XXOXNi-itJi nVsimbh X 05 i-i X Is* tji N 05 COMNO i-i M O i—i cO 05 Is* CO NiOONN^ftOCO NCOCOt}icOt11Mi-i N«h COXO> 1-1 O Tfl OiOCOifCOHM ND'OOXil'OO OMMXCOC5X r^f^i-ios rtCOCON NX05N CO N if N COOcfX »0 i— i X M NOHXNifNN CO NNOcONMOO I N ifXNNXiQcON :Oo ">>•£^■£•5 §>:2 3-“|ol§o g S ai o oc • S-Oc g cSr CJS o o S-S £ >>o o'c J « IS O O 03 cS ^OO J5S§ ^ I 96 00OIN © (Nt)ihh 55 ID ID ID H CO 20 to 29 o 1,636 05 ©©©Ml© i-n-iMi 1-1 511 210 62 239 287 151 136 222 04 04 CO *D 00 05 04 04 63 04 CO 04 *D 10 to 19 a 3,807 201 NNHtOO Mi©t>* CO 838 O CD 04 | , (NHTf 793 548 245 640 CONNOO coco^h© IN (N iH 219 *D 04 5 to 9 OS 3,455 212 M< t^N N mioomi eo 686 ©COOO 1-100 00 i“l M< 427 269 158 871 cot^©© 00MiM<© (N IN N 331 CO CO mi t- 1,396 99 j 254 0500 iOhN 174 r-~ ©b- 380 O i-i Mi © ©rfi©(N IN 175 ID co v© 1,686 83 ©OMI 1© eoeoi-H i 1 277 00NN © N © 193 65 128 465 ©IN Mi© 00 Mi M1 © IN 169 C5 CD IN © 3,093 98 1 1 CO COCO 1 ^(NH 1 1 1 393 218 13 162 396 76 320 987 C0©©0 CO 00 IN Ml NhhMI 206 © o IN - Ml 20,534 42 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1,246 1,121 4 121 00 04~ 41 2,707 14,464 tHOOCO© CO 00 Ml © O t> N © COCO M< IN 170 o I> None 05 10,471 i> 1,661 1,507 32 122 967 12 955 7,090 2,519 1,542 1,874 1,155 149 C5 Tji Total units IN 50,188 1,067 ©©i-i© West Virginia _ _ North Carolina _ South Carolina _ STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 CNrH lO il o OCffiNW - r. c — CO X OOONNN II 00 iO CO >® • v ® s O S S 5 g § c c’2 4) o — s § s- c o g.sj c o te>g 5 O >>0-3 o C i « s O i t • 0.-9 *2 ' r* C 1 5 ° ■ IS © §« $2 3 0 Alaska Amerii Canal « 32 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 20. — Current expenditure for administration (general control) by each taxing unit (State, county , and local) and lunch program statistics , by State: 1949-50 State, by region 1 Continental United States _ New England . . Maine _ New Hampshire - Vermont _ Massachusetts - Rhode Island _ Connecticut - Middle Atlantic - New York - New Jersey - Pennsylvania _ East North Central - Ohio - Indiana _ Illinois _ Michigan - Wisconsin _ West North Central - Minnesota _ Iowa - Missouri - North Dakota _ South Dakota - Nebraska - Kansas - South Atlantic - Delaware _ Maryland - Virginia _ West Virginia - North Carolina _ South Carolina - Georgia _ Florida - District of Columbia - East South Central _ Kentucky _ Tennessee _ Alabama _ Mississippi - West South Central _ Arkansas - Louisiana _ Oklahoma _ Texas - Expenditures for administration (in thousands of dollars) School lunch program in umoer Average Peak num¬ of schools number of ber served Total State County Local pupils anytime serving lunches served during per day year 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 220,050 34,927 27,402 157,722 43,821 5,911,221 6,799,824 10,503 2,093 8,410 2,438 301 , 106 341,998 990 526 464 515 28,373 37,215 805 157 648 322 22,739 27,207 600 155 445 308 25,450 26,382 5,041 283 4,757 875 143,850 145,015 727 107 620 79 45,540 65,520 2,342 866 1,476 339 35,154 40,659 44,040 7,636 1,217 35,187 3,716 543,802 656,434 19,553 5,790 13,763 2,300 306,862 328,196 8,483 825 510 7,148 500 55,612 56,678 16,004 1,021 707 14,276 916 181,328 271,560 37,942 2,994 5,584 29,364 6,757 963,953 1,060,386 8,127 635 1,313 6,178 1,318 229,889 242,854 3,553 242 970 2,341 1,272 97 , 595 113,127 11,944 1,142 1,472 9,331 1,959 429,199 467,738 10,122 541 874 8,706 1,040 135,070 153,637 4,196 433 955 2,808 1,168 72,200 83,030 22,038 1,837 2,856 17,345 5,213 612,258 697,245 5,420 417 495 4,508 1,040 165,843 202,197 5,241 534 693 4,015 799 139,380 159,248 4,772 278 694 3,800 1,576 190,932 194,125 587 75 512 619 22,403 31,200 1,354 62 370 921 182 10,101 13,903 2,455 274 206 1,975 260 15,280 23,027 2,209 197 397 1,615 737 68,319 73,545 19,824 5,218 3,467 11,139 7,954 1,197,734 1,503,478 995 404 591 95 12,250 14,101 2,458 523 1,935 467 90,993 94,884 2,737 1,217 1,000 519 1,131 227,241 240,000 2,155 408 1,748 1,535 109,139 110,100 3,251 726 2,524 1,522 313,500 319,100 2,606 487 719 1,400 1,554 184,000 187,498 2,845 905 1,940 1,495 242,665 518,269 2,259 547 1,713 123 14,146 15,261 517 517 32 3,800 4,265 9,446 1,825 739 6,882 5,727 742,419 836,435 3,019 357 2,662 1,141 124,122 181,890 3,050 646 2,404 1,946 214,565 221,786 1,867 460 1,407 1,511 260,392 273,767 1,509 362 739 409 1,129 143,340 158,992 28,857 5,031 2,840 20,986 6,440 909,968 988,243 2,995 418 470 2,107 946 134,216 143,700 3,834 1,471 2,364 1,529 332,216 350,000 5,197 393 400 4,405 1,610 126,000 131,000 16,831 2,750 1,971 12,109 2,355 317,536 363,543 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 Table 20. — Current expenditure for administration (general control) by each taxing unit (State, county , and local) and lunch program statistics , by State: 1 949—50 — Continued Expenditures for administration (in thousands of dollars) School lunch program State, by region Total State County Local Number of schools serving lunches Average number of pupils served per day Peak num¬ ber served anytime during year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain _ 10,582 1,473 957 8,152 2,012 215,808 262,910 Montana 1,895 1,231 921 295 293 1,307 383 21,685 32,897 23 , 583 38,194 14,996 42,349 38,491 48,000 52,000 5,297 Idaho _ 257 160 814 272 Wyoming _ 132 118 671 94 14,459 Colorado _ 2,247 1,345 1,587 1,015 341 283 225 1,739 425 22,000 27,176 45,590 47,000 5,001 New Mexico _ 63 1,282 1,263 849 246 Arizona _ 163 161 219 Utah _ 166 316 Nevada _ 114 227 57 Pacific _ 36,818 6,819 9,742 20,257 3,564 424,173 452,695 Washington _ _ 3,989 2,505 30,325 487 379 3,123 1,956 15,179 839 125,290 63,000 235,883 133,753 Oregon _ _ 349 200 520 68 , 008 California _ 5,983 9,164 2,205 250,934 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ 156 62 94 7 1,282 400 Canal Zone _ 67 67 1 450 Hawaii _ 486 486 149 56,500 180,961 58,968 197,367 Puerto Rico _ 1,353 1,353 1,506 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 21. — Balance on hand from school year 1948—49 , and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands , by State: 1949—50 Receipts From Permanent School Funds and Leases of School Lands State, by region Balance on hand from school year, 1948-49 Total (thou¬ sands of dollars) Receipts (thou¬ sands of dollars) from — Source of receipts (thousands of dollars) from — Perma¬ nent funds Leases of school lands State County Local 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1,314,833 35,019 27,068 7,950 29,798 2,577 2,644 7,676 1,063 868 195 846 217 907 1,720 325 298 275 57 238 45 151 103 275 57 238 45 151 195 81 275 57 238 45 151 217 4,723 (2) 173,813 1,011 1,011 1,011 New York _ _ _ _ _ 92,531 34,965 46,317 460 469 82 i 460 469 82 460 469 82 New Jersey Pennsylvania _ _ _ East North Central _ 310,375 3,054 989 2,065 1,457 1,598 Ohio _ _ _ _ 115,397 216 716 1,655 459 9 216 716 57 216 716 57 459 9 Indiana. _ _ Illinois _ _ 102,180 50,240 42,557 1,598 459 9 1,598 Michigan _ _ _ _ Wisconsin West North Central _ 166,521 8,806 7,557 1,249 7,825 981 Minnesota __ _ . _ _ _ 31.728 38,993 46,110 11,875 12,412 10.728 14,676 3,674 126 981 1,258 1,011 1,258 498 3,674 126 381 609 1,011 1,258 498 3,674 126 Iowa Missouri __ _ _ _ 600 649 981 North Dakota. _ _ _ _ _ 1,258 1,011 1,258 498 South Dakota Nebraska _ _ _ Kansas _ _ - _ South Atlantic _ 91,534 595 595 595 Delaware _ 3,015 95 95 95 Maryland _ _ Virginia _ 16,181 5,346 15,791 8,127 16,455 21,015 5,605 West Virginia _ _ North Carolina _ _ _ _ South Carolina _ _ Georgia _ _ _ Florida _ _ _ _ 500 500 500 District of Columbia _ East South Central _ 32,718 577 577 880 577 Kentucky _ 5,392 17,206 10,121 139 151 225 62 139 151 225 62 139 151 225 62 Tennessee _ Alabama _ _ _ 880 Mississippi. _ _ See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 Table 21. — Balance on hand from school year 1948—49, and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands , by State: 1949-50 — Con. Receipts From Permanent School Funds and Leases of School Lands State, by region Balance on hand from school year, 1948-49 Total (thou¬ sands of dollars) Receipts (thou¬ sands of dollars) from — Source of receipts (thousands of dollars) from — Perma¬ nent funds Leases of school lands State County Local 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 West South Central _ _ - 87,469 7,868 6,614 1,254 5,443 1,596 829 Arkansas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2,606 23,543 5,412 55,907 Louisiana _ _ _ _ 1,213 1,528 5,127 1,213 1,213 217 166 Oklahoma 1,528 5,086 1,311 4,132 Texas _ _ _ 41 829 Mountain _ _ _ _ _ _ 93,329 9 , 553 6,835 2,717 9,553 Montana _ _ _ __ 14,069 5,693 3,807 42,456 9,899 11,525 2,060 3,819 1,548 731 3,285 921 2,200 487 280 101 432 484 2,000 921 2,200 487 210 101 1,116 246 1,285 1,548 731 3,285 921 2,200 487 280 101 Idaho _ _ Wyoming _ _ Colorado _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ New Mexico Arizona _ _ _ Utah _ _ 70 Nevada _ _ _ Pacific _ 351,397 2,490 2,022 469 2,490 Washington _ _ _ __ 40,473 15,246 295,678 1,679 228 583 1,230 228 564 449 1,679 228 583 Oregon.. _ _ _ California _ _ . _ _ _ 20 1 Estimated. * Less than $500. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 22. — Income from appropriation and taxation, by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] State, by region Total State 1 Taxing unit County 2 Local 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States. 5,023,325 2,122,763 305,569 2,594,993 262,187 57,034 205,153 24 , 599 7,038 17,561 14,280 672 13,608 11,129 3,173 7,956 127,841 26,512 101,329 21,564 4,458 17 , 105 62,775 15,181 47,594 Middle Atlantic _ _ _ 1,055,111 388,797 1,857 664,457 573,049 237,436 335,613 New Jersey _ 178,589 34,165 1,857 142,567 303,473 117,196 186,277 East North Central. . . 1,054,503 356,842 15,602 682,060 Ohio - - - 236,682 81,708 481 154,493 144 , 950 55 , 768 89 , 182 Illinois _ 303,824 58,091 250 245,483 Michigan _ 254,435 140,328 538 113,570 Wisconsin _ 114,613 20,947 14,334 79,332 West North Central - 453,229 124,329 34,228 294,672 Minnesota _ 102,486 37,407 8,123 56,957 Iowa _ 91,298 18,146 738 72,414 Missouri _ 99,272 40,687 5,195 53,389 North Dakota _ 20,247 4,883 4,145 11,219 South Dakota _ 21,460 1,817 370 19,273 Nebraska _ 39,029 1,239 207 37,583 Kansas _ _ 79,437 20,151 15,449 43,837 South Atlantic _ 586,524 347,300 126,793 112,431 Delaware 11,496 10,065 1,432 Maryland _ 74,496 29,747 23,786 20,962 Virginia - - - 80,604 34,692 27,272 18,640 West Virginia 68 , 525 45 , 302 23,223 North Carolina _ 115,997 91,210 18,113 6,673 South Carolina . . 48,931 32,820 3,310 12,802 Georgia _ 72,170 51,863 12,833 7,474 Florida _ 90,230 49,627 18,255 22,348 District of Columbia 24,076 * 1,974 22,102 East South Central. . . — 248,239 148,577 55,397 44,265 Kentucky - 60,341 23,833 18,877 17,631 Tennessee _ 83,581 53,055 22,492 8,034 Alabama _ 68,923 53,203 8,988 6,733 Mississippi _ 35,394 18,486 5,040 11,868 West South Central _ 470,654 306,751 30,994 132,909 Arkansas _ 41,814 26,333 842 14,640 Louisiana _ 92,053 69,158 18,772 4,124 Oklahoma - - - 77,003 44,705 2,441 29,857 Texas _ 259,783 166,556 8,939 84,288 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 Table 22. — Income from appropriation and taxation , by State: 1949-50 — Con. State, by region Total Taxing unit State 3 County * Local 1 2 3 4 5 190,534 69,783 28,067 92,683 26,070 20,606 10,817 44,739 21,065 31,555 29,860 5,823 5,815 4,413 3,097 8,995 18,542 11,059 15,519 2,344 10,159 4,225 1,314 5,879 3 1,273 3,569 10,097 11,968 6,406 29,865 3 1,250 16,927 14,341 1,831 Idaho _ _ _ Wyoming _ _ Colorado _ New Mexico _ Arizona _ _ Utah... _ _ Nevada _ _ 1,648 Pacific _ _ _ 702,343 323,349 12,631 366,362 Washington _ 93,887 63,776 544,680 66,886 20,449 236,015 652 906 11,074 26,350 42,421 297,591 Oregon _ California 5 _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 3,718 136 19,259 26,860 421 2,772 945 136 Canal Zone _ _ Hawaii. _ _ _ _ 16,463 26,860 2,796 Puerto Rico _ _ .. Virgin Islands _ 421 1 Includes receipts for State office, cost of free textbooks when furnished by State, and the amounts paid by the State towards teacher retirement and the lunch program. 3 Includes county appropriation for county superintendent’s office. 3 Estimated. 4 Federal funds. 6 Includes income for junior colleges. Table 23. — Income from miscellaneous revenue sources and total revenue receipts , by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] - N> Total revenue receipts Taxing unit BIEN1 ’cS o O 1-4 VIAI m pH , SUB t- M in VO CO t- ei lve 40 u- o Y OF EDI NXOOTfr-l co »o co co co .-i XNrtiONO t^eooo^i>© Hrt ©1-1 ^ 708,580 ft LTIOIN cooco co oo co © CO CO rl CO © HNNHNNif 00 ©•<}( IO State - 2,165,689 59,927 HNOOCOCO (N^COIOON U- CO CO ^ lO CSI r-H 390,431 238,496 34,656 117,279 360,959 81,924 56,484 58,185 143,387 20,978 132,405 41,104 18,298 40,687 6,142 2,838 2,669 20,668 Federal Other, excluding defense projects 10 54,179 278 05 CO 00 89 261 09 IIS 1,439 691 ‘1 89 LIZ 431 I 821 908 Lunch 1 program © 76,379 3,078 T-H CO lO Tt< *0 © ©t^pH rt<40© CO CS| T*HCO © © b- CO cqi-it^Tt"cq i-o-H eo •— < r— 1 392,450 30,549 49 , 594 312,307 969 136 427 141,493 24,593 30,096 23,712 21,822 3,609 16,361 21,300 55,658 19,094 22 , 529 8,988 5,048 33,728 842 21,020 2 , 658 9,208 28,606 ©©Tt<© oo cq co cq tjh eo eo © imo oo rfi t^©©©^iH©C^ -1 00 05 Tt< ©©cqeocoeor^r^ b~ i> r-f © oo eo i-i io ^ 000005 00 r#cQ CO ’-HCOCCTtOOrM>CO i-h 2,706 co i cq i-h ©©©cq cocct^co 2,935 00 00 TF © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 43 li-H ' * © 'C cq >-1 cq i-h 26,088 4,199 7,172 14,716 24 © o c b- •*< 't^CO©00©00© 1 ' © cn 3,354 820 665 1,861 9 15,064 300 9,493 90 5,181 11,473 ©©eo©eot~©o rrt^^oot^©©cq t* r- 1> © © Tt< cq t-i cq 26,416 4,287 7,174 14,955 24 i-i©© ©co South Atlantic _ Delaware - Maryland _ Virginia.. _ West Virginia _ _ North Carolina _ South Carolina - Georgia _ _ . Florida _ . District of Columbia _ East South Central _ Kentucky _ _ Tennessee _ Alabama _ _ Mississippi _ West South Central _ Arkansas - - Louisiana - — Oklahoma - _ Texas _ _ . Mountain _ Montana _ _ . _ Idaho _ _ _ Wyoming - Colorado _ _ _ _ New Mexico _ Arizona _ Utah _ Nevada _ _ _ Pacific _ _ Washington _ _ Oregon _ California _ . Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone Hawaii _ _ __ Puerto Rico ■j. — c : c l‘3 !> 1 b 1 Federal appropriation, plus value of commodities distributed. Table 24. — Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts , by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Total Revenue and Nonrevenue Receipts, Excluding Balance on Hand Taxing unit Local CO 3,653,464 242,205 19,299 16,365 10,409 102,385 18,833 74,914 884,597 464,421 170,902 249,274 977,534 263,707 101,475 340,501 182,388 89,464 388,682 81,634 95,358 63,944 14.835 24,791 40.835 67,286 County 12 413,298 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2,166 2,166 — 18,897 | MNIOOM mcOINrHCO 5 £ New Jersey - Pennsylvania _ East North Central - Ohio.. - Indiana - - - Illinois.. _ _ Michigan. _ Wisconsin - West North Central . Minnesota - Iowa _ _ Missouri _ _ North Dakota _ South Dakota - Nebraska - - Kansas _ See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 10 00 lO 4,602 25,295 26,133 9,898 23,489 11,989 34,659 22,111 56,218 19,133 15,236 9,443 12,405 268,794 35,448 38,605 33 , 190 161,552 140,572 14,337 19,626 7,622 41,863 7,696 20,994 23,011 5,424 536,686 51,573 65,668 419,446 969 136 •1^ i CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Tf< — o CM o CM 41,915 42,662 26,278 42,016 4,821 22,714 21,637 CO o 1 ^ 20,078 37,832 11,535 5,048 38,735 842 21,020 2,658 14,215 28,606 10,159 4,225 1,314 5,930 1,712 3,619 1,648 12,715 652 906 11,158 l CO >05 ioo 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lO CO NOtN — CCOCCOO ' 0C»-C© — OOCMCCCC i CO CC CC CC C5 00 00 — 1 149,322 CM^^Ci 03 CM — © CM iO lO CO CO o 05 05 COO KXON co oo — t- 00 CC T^OCCOb-OCCT^I^ LO 00 CM CO rr CM r* CO^COOiOiOOOr^ s 1 o (N05CC ON lO CO COt- | 'CO ^ i O 1 CO 1© 1 1 1 38 1,570 i i i i i i CO lO oo C5 05 oo t- — < oo C5 O CO CO 17,547 99,975 106,222 74,873 162,119 68,412 99,382 110,838 24,393 303,312 70,192 115,551 78,254 39,315 640,277 65,865 136,880 84,917 352,615 258,861 33,391 29,822 15,712 58,458 34 , 549 37,168 39,673 10,086 894,901 125,736 88,252 680,912 CMCOcO^—i ©o©oo t-t-xccco CC — 05 ©’ — icc ic c CO lO COt^O CO^IOCO 1 cooa^cMc^o ' OOOCrHCM 1 3,973 1,079 2,053 840 11,027 •V ! • i CM i i 'O'' 5,733 CCC5 't- NN i— i (NO iCC 661 1,853 1,408 1,408 ICO ICO 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 \ 1 1 ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 CM o ^OO^Ot^iOCiCM ' CCCO'tOXOO i ^ lO i— l lO CO ' I I l i i 00 00 ot-i-i ! ' , Tji Tt C0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4,084 i'cD C CO 1 — cc— i 1 co ICO 723 O CM 00 ! t^COOO i 1-H H CM 1 1 1 1 O 1 t^CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,904 230 216 1,458 !oc 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 } 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 co q 00 CS COOiOMONCOO ' "CXZMNM00 i COCMCMiCCMCSCOi-O i LONXHIOONH 1 CM »-H CM i-i i i i i 22,700 423 19,425 2,314 i 537 115,896 19,910 19,563 3,333 73,089 34,651 CCINt-NOCSTfO HiOHtOOOO'tS 0CO cc t- 1C o 05 »C O CO co — CO C5 ! CC CM CC C5 •'t CC CO 1 ccecLCiot-©© — > 27,862 Tf lO ION C CM O CO 0 0)^1 £ 1 o Tf COT* I-IOCCO iCt^COT^ , 107 «5(Nt) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1C CM 00 CM CO 00 O CM ' CMr-4 CM • I i hhCOh CM CO CO CO CO cm co b- - O N O N I ©©n©oo ©©00^© 63.5 f3 50 © 1-1 -rJH 00 © © © I 00 CM CM CM i-H CD ID *0 *0 00 C5 *C 18.5 14.3 County VO 09 1 l l 0.2 IN 1.6 .2 1.8 .1 .4 11.9 en IN 00 © (N i-i © © | ©ooen b- 21.5 State in CO © en 21.4 00 CM 1C CO CM CD NCONOOW CM CM CM CM CM 35.1 40.0 18.9 35.1 31.3 Tf © Tt< Tfl | COCChiOth CM WHOOHCMO | ©©oor^iN©-** en^-ien(N>-i in 52.6 83.5 Federal 2.9 1.8 •^oocn-'iic'ieo || CM CO CO rH CM il 1-H 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 GO CM CM lO II rH HHrtHN (N OONOWCO© CM CM CM CM CM »-H i-t 7.4 2.2 From Federal Government Other en © j © .2 1.0 .1 oo £ •£ p 0) 1.0 0.1 iii i CO 1 1 1 lO i III 1 4.3 Lunch pro¬ gram (N 1.4 ©oooooi-i© || oo oor^oo | © nienoo©© ! t* IN © IN 00 i-H ,-H 2.4 © Voca¬ tional educa¬ tion a SO 0.6 t- © ^ 00 TjH 0.3 COCO© || © *C CO CO *C CO © ©©t^©oot^© 0.6 en From all other sources except subsidies from educational foundations and the Federal Government Local © 3.5 0.8 IMCONNW i—l •— * IN 4.0 2.6 .9 8.0 6.3 7.5 OI>© ( CM CM CM © 56.3 77.8 55.7 59.2 nooomn || en ©©©IN© 1 © ©©©1}l© ll © in oo 1-h en en oo oo | 0©HffiNN0 © © h* oo oo © 17.1 00 County cn 5.6 1 1 i 0.2 © CM .1 .2 11.9 7.0 * © 00 iH l> 19.3 State N 39.0 CM 1 ^o^o^oco r^itr-ooen o lO UJINiNi-hINOOin'oO CO^Tf Tj< I-H cd 00000 05 00 ndoidoo N.001D© no »-t i-i cord os cd oo b- I iO 00 I 1-1 lOOO .-H 'id © hJ< C5 00 05 >0 CO b- i-i cd cd cd ed od P 050^HTJ1 CO 00 ^ CO C5f-eot^ h* edcd P oo co oo i-i C5 05 rfi b- CO 00 00 00 CO CO O ^ CO lO lO CO COb- IN0500 1-H 1 1-H Tji cd <0 N lOcOH t}i ’ id Tji id i-i ed rH cd 005 CO -dosed i-h iO © hH 1-ied ' cd 'coed Tt< 1-H r'.'f1 r'. eoi-Hco05t^Hj<05io id ed I-! i-H td ih " rH looeob- co oo coo co >d oo 050 CO CO i-H b- if co co oo CO H h iji U5 N lO ©b-OCd i-irdcdcd 00 i-H CO O lO -3* ICO -doocdcd-d© id CO CD CO T* — i -*< CO 05 05 Tj< OO 05 Hf T}< 05 ffr3 5 £°°3« O SfS B ” o 2 S O .2 ^®Uh Q o O o oj n l_4 1l|s | Hi! ^ OQ w £ os a » c £ 2 03 O S'5-c g j^’B — x 15 O-* 45 ChlOH o 5*3 JH v s N-3 > >.-3 £‘e ds v o o # ® s .5 c £ J3 oo Ta * S’a £oo II c .S C3 pH 2 S--;5-2 c ®C^ aj'Sb <3 5 83 3.5 } Less than 0.05 percent. Does not include subsidies from educational foundations. In the case of each of the 12 States which reported this item, the amount (see table 23) was less than 0.05 percent. Table 26. — Current expenditure for administration (general control) and for instruction, by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Instruction Supplies and expenses 15 129,371 7,777 rH 00 1C COOOONON l> rt< cm o t^Nooooeo 00CDM 1*0 1 *CO © ICO • to lO i © i lOrH 1 CM ' 1 1 Prin¬ cipals when separately reported 10 446 436 692 2,505 24,303 12,494 4,623 7,186 7,247 6,445 00© 1 CM © LO © CM CO i i iO i CM i i© i CO i i © i CO i i • Super¬ visors when separately reported o\ 301 296 801 14,842 9,242 2,051 3,549 1,325 2,238 1,411 986 Tj<© ITj< 1 COtH lie 1 C3 <-< i to 1 1 1 Total \ CO 2,896,489 888*891 13,374 8,270 6,111 87,992 13,124 40,017 586,298 310,097 99,699 176,502 590,237 139,525 86,027 170,405 131,720 62,560 278,035 60,804 55,447 59,601 15,195 15,575 28,316 43,097 1 Total © CO n CO 696*081 14,614 8,935 6,630 93,660 14,012 43,118 634,820 332,778 108,152 193,890 630,443 149,126 89,518 180,713 142,560 68,525 300,328 66,647 59,126 64,933 16,100 16,726 30,864 45,932 Administration (General. Control) Supplies, travel, and other expense VO ^1^05 i1"l< o* H>CO CM i CO CO 1-H 1 CM CO 1 1 1 X r. ID 1 X 1 i co i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 X CO to 1 X O X 1 CM CM 1 1 1 o X co t>0 CM X ^ X N- X i—t > o CO o to HNx?N Tf 0*0 0* HC5ION UlffilfH nififN o o o* COXOIN CD CD i-H CO 1DXC5X CM to 0*0 cm IQ 0* o COIOX^IO^XX ^^rH^CiHOCO OX H^XHNCO XCNIOIOX^X 1-H 1-H O'* 1-H T-H 1-H Is- CM COO ox ^ X ONX XNX ©OH H mT X* 25,780 CM CO X N- *h CO C5 C O I fCCfOOONHOM CC (N»hCOt?NNWO 00 0*10100 rHCO x oo t- XN CD b- ONOO CHNN XH*(N X CO (N* ooeooo5 05 x 00*000000*000* CO CO t> CO lO 1-1 o — X JO 05 ID COO X O N C C5 rf HNNNC5COX t-H 1-H CM i-H t-H i-H C5 'l' C5 to X TPO) CO X X CM CM t^O TH CO to X to CM 100X10 O O O CO X IN 05 N n’hhdi CM 00 CO HiOiOiOO^CC N- I »oococmcooox N- CCCCH^OiOO b- CC^COOOCOO*^ rt< Tji to ^ 00 CO O O 1-1 to 00 »o o OOtCN 1-H Tf CO to 00 00t>^ xxx'* COIDIJMN © to to c CO CNKN N Tf Tf X C5XXC5 ifNXX NiDiDN c X* N INCDD'J'NINNX ONt^XN-HXt- XCDHXCDIDON lONXOXHOOif HH - CD CDO-X'* ifXNO 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C5 "J1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 to X ' o TFX 1 1-H 1 X 1 1 1 1 1 i-H .O © ' X X 'CM 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1-H X O IXION 1 XX 1 1 1 1 1 XC5 ON 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1-H O i CM O • to 1 1 1 1 i N- to CM ' © CM © 'O^CM 1 1 1 ID H HO o 1 1 1 !^H S3 1 c3 fl .TJ 1 j. c3 i®c5o l c -< ft 1 1 1 1 1 1 I !* c j £ IS o c 3g= ; £o€ 1 1 © Cm X C v ® a ! 1 n i i i'c £ a 0 J id c :.s O 'C2 N.J^1 i-3‘S° } e § o 1 53 =3 3 Less than $500. 1 Included in column 10. Table 27. — Current expenditure for operation , maintenance , and auxiliary services , State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] - o Auxiliary Services Services not chargeable to pupils BIENNIAL © d? o & ft-g SUB eo VEY 8 t- rH OF CO CO I :e It rc :ati CO 1 I CO • 1 1 1 1 ON 1 i i i i , 194 i t f i i i i i i i i i i i i 8-5 0 1 1 8 £91 ‘ I Other com¬ munity services 17 29,336 402 24 IN 1 1 • CO 1 1 1 1 1 5,088 3,693 1,232 163 13,306 00 N O 00 1 1 1 03 i i 03 i i 03 i i Public libraries under board of educa¬ tion vO 2,041 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 569 569 680 ‘ I 1 1 1 6£0‘ I School services chargeable to pupils ✓ Other school services irt 33,183 284 C5 lO o CS n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5,866 1,441 726 3,699 5,701 575 1,894 03 0 1 COCO 03 6,201 1,437 1,447 o CO Transportation Other, includ¬ ing contract service 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i N- • 1 1 1 00 i 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l l 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i • i i i | 00 Main¬ tenance 13 • 907 » 1 1 1 1 » 184 1 1 1 2,586 1 1 1 i i i i 1 1 i i i i | Opera¬ tion 1 IO I !3 1 1 1 1 316 7,039 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 Total 214,784 9,952 iO iO O »0 IN 1 oo co n r- oo n 00 O 00 IN TP ■«* I i-i'-i eo N 30,403 13,725 4,347 12,332 43,018 co^t'-Ttu-^ o-^oioocft CO CO ■*}< ID I C3 00 05 03 27,681 9,201 6,655 4,854 1,143 School lunch pro¬ gram 10 139,992 6,048 eoo3Tft^coo5 i N-HCCNHM lOcfCOHiOO I eo 26,033 16,165 2,405 7,464 18,981 5,445 3,180 5,046 3,467 1,843 10,684 2,506 1,839 3,578 477 Health service 30,599 3,194 iO iO 00 Tfi Tfi I ^1 00 CO O 05 IN rH 05 i-H 00 15,238 7,447 2,793 4,999 3,893 1,027 1,940 736 190 1,907 790 915 Total auxil¬ iary services CO 451,663 20,016 2,712 1,744 1,217 8,357 1,331 4,656 83,199 42,471 11,501 29,226 87,110 17,822 13,718 29,974 17,189 8,407 46,473 13,934 9,941 9,347 2,050 Main¬ tenance (Upkeep, Replace¬ ment AND Repairs) t- 214,164 11,855 00 CO CO CO 03 CO 1 ooor^ooi-03 O co lO lO .00 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 175 iO 596 113 482 1,593 03 0C CC 5 03 05 i N- i i i 11,407 223 1,367 9,817 co • 00 * 1 1 i i r- © ' © -H ICNHJ 1 ■ i 05 1 1 1 1 1 1,641 637 C©f- goo 313 Tt« Tt< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 03 IO 1 H005 ' . .r^iO ' '00rf< . 1 1 iO O 1 1 03 iO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 698 i l 1 1 1 1 N- I0CCO 1 CO ILOOO t> I03rn 1 t-H IO I 670 Tf-X ©X© 1,043 1,154 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' CO N- '00^0 ' 1 ' 00 ' CO 03 00 > i iiCH IQICC5 i 1 IHN 1 03 Tf« rH 1 1 1 1 1 00 © IN © 1 © © I 00 '©t^ 1 T ifC © C5CO 03 03 03 iC 4,842 r- IN © r- T IN C © oc n ® ut — KCNNffi^ 10,720 1,435 1,457 7,829 38 IZL'l 809 201 2,219 »-i 03 lO CC O 1 1 N. io . . O 03 ^ COCO« i 'IN 524 x © © x © t -<®x©©©®© © ©0C©^CMCN © T©® — t-©® CO >-1 34,703 ©©woo T © — ocotx X©©t- 51,486 cc © © in | CNMX oox©© © © ©00 | 18,652 X(NTt'-©Xt^X t^.(N© — --x©x©©eoier-cieco i mn i | ^-XOXt- 1 MN 1 1 •-IIN i ICO i 1,733 87 123 1,523 | 2,361 CCON^ 1 GC CO Tf o Tf ^ ©00© t'-I^—l 03 iC i O ^ i i i i i 911 IO 1 iiC i 1 100 ' 'IN ' CO IO O CO CO 1 1-4 1 1 1 CO Tf IH o 1 N- 1 1 03 CO CO CO . 03 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 651 232 252 cc 2,120 260 609 1,251 154 94 274 xx© XT® 871 519 14 43 ICO i 1 i 'b- ' 0001^10 00300^ i | 0CiOH03C5TfOO 03 IO 05 ^ 03 03 i | 2,839 1,596 1,939 o N- 7,988 1,034 3,309 3,644 1,196 748 357 1,243 515 653 240 3,108 1,832 14 227 ■ C5 > 1 'CO 1 1 03 1 • i—®-*®©©©© 1 00©00®0©©00 1 ©x®t©©t© i IN IN IN N t-l IN i © © 1,931 2,079 1,206 739 1 i 1 ° 1 ^ 1,123 1,967 6,116 7,472 1,381 1,046 614 2,148 1,862 1,251 368 5,182 3,268 © iX 1 © 2,788 4,376 6,469 33,079 c ® s ^ rf QC IO N IN 1 ®®x©©xt-o >- ©«OiOi-iNiHrt © T © It © IN CO T IN 12,614 3,846 4,392 2,729 1,647 29,147 2,603 3 , 294 10,481 12,769 16,765 I>O30C^t^XCOCT. N- 03 CO X 03 CC 05 1-0 IGC’-NXCOCD 03 03 CO ^ 03 03 52,609 9,160 5,795 37,653 co oo ion- 03 1-1 0C O Tf rH 00 05 South Dakota 1 Nebraska _ _ Kansas- - ... _ South Atlantic Delaware _ Maryland _ . Virginia _ West Virginia. _ North Carolina _ South Carolina _ Georgia _ _ Florida. _ District of Columbia. _. East South Central _ Kentucky _ Tennessee . .. _ Alabama . . _ _ ’5 r. r. i i West South Central _ Arkansas _ _ Louisiana _ Oklahoma. _ Texas _ Mountain _ Montana.. . _ _ _ Idaho _ _ Wyoming _ _ Colorado _ New Mexico . . Arizona.. _ . . Utah _ _ _ Nevada . . — Pacific _ Washington _ Oregon . . _ California _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ Canal Zone _ . Hawaii _ Puerto Rico. . . 1 Estimated. 3 Salaries only. 1 For veterans. * Less than $500. Table 28. — Current expenditure for fixed charges, and total current expenditure , by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 82 Current Expenditure Net chargeable to pupils Amount per .. pupil in 2 average (rj daily 2 attendance 2 (in dollars) ^ lL si (N JRVEY So II S # N © C0 State, by region pH Continental United States . - New England . . . c c 7 % New Hampshire _ Vermont _ Rhode Island... _ _ Connecticut - — Middle Atlantic _ New York _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central _ Ohio _ Tnriiarm Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ _ West North Central _ q t a c c C % 3 > 2 u Missouri _ North Dakota _ South Dakota _ See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 217.07 218.57 152.09 258.77 213.39 145.56 149.86 140.82 122.39 123.37 181.27 256.24 113.78 120.82 132.17 117.09 79.69 194.68 111.71 214.08 207.05 208.88 220.48 267.56 186.00 262.77 219.66 222.48 240.70 178.56 246.22 262.73 247.63 280.75 263.51 317.19 196.40 214.82 70.21 44,191 65,751 548,288 10,577 63,704 78,143 59,781 112,333 50,615 76,468 75,219 21,448 242,810 58,485 77,071 69.627 37.627 452,919 39,661 90,070 81,584 241,603 191,909 25,259 20,653 12,855 44,204 26,898 30,451 25,404 6,184 580,426 88,343 64,172 427,911 3,405 1,642 18,350 25,921 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9,481 13 58 244 8,968 1 N- 1 C5 1 1 1 1 1 1 981 428 363 190 123 821 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 615 6ZI 991 ZfZ 63 612 612 i i i i i i t i i i 44,191 65,751 557,770 10,590 63,762 78 , 143 60,025 121,301 50,615 76,468 75,416 21,448 243,791 58,913 77,071 69,990 37,817 453,042 39,661 90,194 81,584 241,603 192,524 25,289 20,653 12,855 44,446 27,064 30,451 25,584 6,184 581,038 88,955 64,172 427,911 3,405 1,642 18,350 25,921 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 223 223 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 l 195 991 63 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i 116 958 1,844 1 ON i CO Tf* CO i O CO i i I I i i I 420 1,181 407 -HCOOO©CO ooo ©© 168 CO 05 COiO © CO 00 2,614 © © 05 TH CO •<* locoes-** 3,840 820 762 2,259 1,712 eooeo© coco-*© CO IN >—l CO cocoio ©©C5 COIN © 00 © 1,057 929 20 61 I © IN CO 2,615 III 1 1 oo « i ico *03 i a i i i lO i GO i CO 1 1 1 1 1 CO III 1 1 III 1 1 rH III 1 1 III 1 1 27 1 1 1 1 -ii« IN CO rHCO © 2,453 ICO • IO 1 ioi i i • i i 1-1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 850 225 22,992 ■<* b- "<* HS o © ■<* ^OtOiOiOMOOO 0* 00 CO 05 IN 00 O CO CO CO IN © IN CO 1-H 8,014 1,479 2,214 3,910 411 17,126 962 5,664 1,000 9,500 2,406 iOOOcO(Nhhoo 1 O 00 rH rH (N IIO COCO* N. os CO 05 I-H 05 T* T* CO t". CO IN (N rH CO © CO oo -** CO •<*■>* CO © CO 1* CO rH 11,454 * (N © IN Nebraska _ Kansan South Atlantic _ Delaware _ Maryland _ _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ Georgia _ Florida _ East South Central _ Kentucky _ Tennessee _ Alabama _ Mississippi _ West South Central _ Louisiana _ Oklahoma Texas _ Mountain _ Montana _ Idaho _ Wyoming _ Colorado _ _ Arizona _ Utah _ _ _ Pacific . . . Washington _ California _ Outlying parts of the United States <1 c c N i] iu Hawaii Puerto Rico _ Estimated. Table 29. — Expenditures for capital outlay , by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Equipment C 0 p « a 190 65 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 5,277 2,360 152 2,765 2,930 934 2,209 598 i 00 i i i i l i i i I i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Laboratory equipment, furniture and fixtures ® 2,898 237 264 36 1,228 112 1,020 11,328 6,132 1,834 3,363 3,787 5,011 coco HN CO 1-H r-cn t^eocnoeooo CO 00 02 INCH 02 COCOCH TJICO IN CO i-H Library books 1 CD 1 1 1 ! i i i i i i i 538 516 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 989 ZZl Total CO 00 CO oo-^oooor^o IN COi-h IN IN CH TT CH i-h CH 1-1 © 17,144 9,007 2,008 6,127 33,638 l> 20 CH CH CH i-h rji 00 CH fn NffiffiiON CC2f5 00©IN 2,667 3,683 2,113 606 423 819 Sites and buildings Improve¬ ments to buildings t- ^ 1 lO o »© 1 1 1 1 1 1*0 ' © i i i i i i 3,029 © I© lO U- i-H '00 1 1 1 | 1,301 3,979 05 CO COCO 02 -0V 006 98S Additions to buildings v© 1-H© 00 it co 901 8,669 1,083 4,459 3,127 12,809 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O CH i OOCO 1 20 CH 1 CHCH i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 New buildings US 1,678 1,936 342 384 15,741 114,355 69,420 21,052 23,884 37,569 4,189 00 CO CO C2 00 CO r-(N CO 1-H 9,467 10,755 5,555 471 1,717 1,148 Sites (when not included with buildings) H#l © 263 2,059 10,563 6,755 1,219 2,589 2,008 1,998 1-H 00 CO Tfi 02 I> CO 613 95 142 Total 00 35,238 00 i-h © © 20 © t~CO-^©tH20 i-MN O 00 136,617 78,416 26,730 31,471 184,003 53,686 10,166 62 , 532 42,738 14,881 t-lOOt^02Tjl (ocoocomoo Hji CO CO vO 00 CO 02 CO 05 1-Hi-H 1/ Total capital outlay N 1,014,176 38,421 2,210 2,881 613 12,225 879 19,614 153,760 87,423 28,739 37,598 217,641 60,403 16,111 71,214 52,260 17,652 52,395 12,135 17,018 11,413 1,173 2,282 2,503 5,872 States, by region - Continental United States _ New England _ _ Maine _ New Hampshire _ Vermont _ _ _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic _ _ _ New York _ _ _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ _ East North Central _ _ _ Ohio _ Indiana _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ West North Central _ _ _ Minnesota _ _ Iowa- _ _ _ _ Missouri _ _ North Dakota _ South Dakota _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ Kansas _ See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 Included in column 5. Table 30. — Summary of expenditures, and detail on debt retirements, by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Debt retirement Other debt service II 8,707 42 © i CQ i i i ICO I 1 1 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1,929 1,569 360 971 30 353 589 1,078 ICO IN i© 1 r—4 1 1 1 1 1 1 95 Transfers to sinking funds 10 17,887 127 1 1 1 o © oo i i i CMIXM i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 13,104 40 13,064 00 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o <-h c© * o eo 25,143 16,939 11,548 145,559 21,538 83,748 1,165,915 617,811 199,986 348,118 1,206,700 291,920 158,180 358,198 274,534 123,868 fe CO © *o 118,163 114,174 112,463 24,905 27,071 47 , 193 72,391 Expenditure for summer, evening, and adult schools v© 35,614 1,328 COOO i*0 CO 1 1 1 1 1 9,101 7,150 1,951 3,264 »o *D 00 105 1© 1 ! 8 1 1 i See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 CM © CO 1 1 I CO 1 • • CO • « » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i© i i 1 1> i i i|> i i i i i i i l l l i i i i i I I i i i i i i i i l I i 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 CO CM © 05 i© CM 'CM CM i© i • i i i i i 1 II © I© ' © •OC 1 • 1 l-H 1 1 1 1 * i • i i i - i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 © 1 1 © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM CO 78 247 i i i i l I l l I I l l i i i i I i i i l I CM © 1 1 1 i 1 05 1 © L I 1 1 05 T II ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i oil 1 F ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 O CO 1 1 00 1 1 O 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i l l I i i i l l l i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i CM s i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 ! i CM i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i 1 i 1 i 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I i i t i i i i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i CO Tj< © |-It^00 1 C i ihN i ' i CM 05 i 0< 1 1 i— 1 lr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 5 CD O ! 300 i 0Ot* 1 CO CM co 1 o co 1 © © 'CM I i i i i i i i CM © © co ©CM '© CM © '00 CM © '!> CO 105 i i i i i i lO CM 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i © i i CM i i © i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i O • i© i i CM i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i © © i © 00* © iD © 00* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i I i i i I I i i i i i i i i I I l I I 1 1 i i e © ©" CM rt< 1> 00 05 ID CD Tt< i NCOhOODONM i CM O t- CD t* CO t* CO 1 COi-H10 CO t— i i— i CO 1 00 00 00 ID* ID ID 00 coco-* ©CO iD rtC®'rt CM CM © ©©© © oo co © © i—i CM © CO CM COi-H CM 1 © r- co 00 1-1 CO CM © T}i © N't^NCO^O© 00 i-i 00 © CM CM © ^ hh cirHCsT CM © °~ CO ©CM —i CM©'* CO* CM* '* CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l 1 1 i I i I i i CO 1* CO 00©CM©C®©©© t-h rH^OOt^00 ©lOCOI-^ 00 ^ 05 O CDON^ ] -'k UM co 1 © © CO .1 CO ©©^— i eot^©o ’tfCMb-CO ©T-l 00© T-l CO © ■<* CM l^t^t^00©©©t- 0©CO©OCOC© ©CMI>^©©00t^ H © T* © CO 1-1 CO 00 CO CM t— i ID CO t* CO 1? d co 00 ©©© t* CM © 00 co co CO CO CO t-h ©CM t-H © t— 1 © CM rt 0©-i|> rtf~'*t^ ^t— 1 ©© rt CM CM eg 00 © 05 00 CO 1 C£ iOOOh i c COt'- 1 IT rH i i l I I i O ID rt t^'* t* COCO Tf CD CM OS o ■>* © ID i-l I id co i ©rtCO I CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lilt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 © © © i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i t 1 1 i© . i 1 i i i i I i i i i i ID o © © © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ( 1 rH ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !M >0© -* CD t-* OS CO OS b- O CO CO 05 ID T* 1-1 ©©©©CM©©b- CO O i-i h CD CO OS 00 OS ^ COCOOCSi— iOOOO^ b- 1-1 OS O CD ID ID 00 OS CM b- CO II 00 CO CM ^ t-h CO*© CO O i— I 00 lO Tf © I> T*T*©0 ®Ot"# CM co | b- t> 1 © © ^COi— ICO © © H rt CO t^©© TjiCMt^CO ©HOOO T-l CO £ 00 1 T* CM CMI>N*00©©©t^ rH©CO©©COCO© 00CMt^^©©©|> ©©t^G5COt-iCOOO CO CM i-i © CO ^ CO 00 1 © CM 00 © © © ©CM © t^COCO CM COCO t-h C5 CM rH © rt rtrt© ©©COl^ t— I © CM © ^rt ©CO i—i CM CO 00 CM 00* O©©©rtl>00CM ! OO©C0CM©C0CM i HOCD, O iD Os Os 1 CM CM* .H ! 1 1 1 1 1 CO © '*'*©'* ^ r^oo'* © T* 1* © CM 05 Tjl 00 CM O© r-000© © © Tf t> rHr-Tr-T© l 0 © CO CO 'fii— 1©©000©© •>* CO r* O 00 f- r* i-h CO CM CM CO © CO t-h oo b- O cot^oo i—i CD OS ©00 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i © CO ©©b-i— ii— lb-©© (M OOOif rtONitM 00 CO CO CO CD O b- t* CD 05 NN^DOONrtN ID CMOS CM hh 1 CO CO T* CO ©©CM© i—i © 'Ji CM rtOO©© ©©00 CM CM © C5 00 i—i t— CM t* ©00©© CO © Tf © h CM © © co 00 CM © —i CM 1> 00 t* CO OONrCDMONN COCM©1>i— i©©'* | iDIDt— iOO©Ot'-CM co i © l co CO 1 r^©© CM 00 'f* ©CM — 1 CM t''- Hf CM CM 00 . ©©rt T* © i* 00 © © 00 1> * N-* ID CD O CM CO ID *-i ID 00 CO 00 05 CO -* CM O — i CD h ^ ID T-l O CO CD -* T* 1* OCOOOOihOCDiO r— ' t-h CD CO CM ©I>L- CM 1 © b- CO H* CM COHON 1-1 O © -H ©O©00 001>©t^ ©t^©co CM T* © CO to 1-1 ^ ^ CO ©©00© ©rHlO© DO-htH co©00t* CM CM © CM © N. CO © © T-H Tf! 00 © © Tf © © 00 00 CM ©00 Tti © ^ © l-H | ID O CM tr- O »D © CM CM 1-H T* CM CO CM i 00 o oo 1 © 1 1 ©CM t-h ©l>-s ©rt© OO'*^ GO © CM T* © cm a r-i O t* *D CM ^i©CO© coi-ioo© rt CM South Atlantic _ Delaware _ Maryland _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ South Carolina 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t i i a ii 1 : : £ ■ i o : i o ■ii l -c § o .2 05 Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 | 1 < 1 1 1 1 K i i i i £ ' ' > ' z iii H i i i.J O >. ® i a ^ cs a g oSg’S H 3 as 3 as P -£3 J-3 O g C rt 2 s < H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 < « E-i Z a O w H P O 02 £ a £ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ! » * £ |a i 2 rt o i H i i i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i ; o3 • fc So o go S £ 9 0 i i i i i i i i i i i i i o 0 S . * K I i 1 1 i i i i i i i I i i i l 1 l I i i i i I i I 1 1 1 | 03 !j-S i rt > ! o 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 ■5 : i t~ » li ° « , , » C9 II gw 1 1 ft-a ».S :§ •S a 'N-t $2 |rtj s ^Sj 0 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i , i . i o 1 ° ;S 33 * ® 3 3 sPm o V I 1 . 3 00 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 31. — Expenditures for public elementary and secondary education per capita of population and per pupil in average daily attendance , by State: 1949-50 State, by region I Continental United States - New England _ Maine _ New Hampshire _ Vermont _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut . . Middle Atlantic _ New York _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central _ Ohio . . . . Indiana _ Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ West North Central _ Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota _ South Dakota _ Nebraska _ Kansas - South Atlantic . . Delaware _ Maryland _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina. . South Carolina _ Georgia . . Florida _ District of Columbia.. East South Central _ Kentucky _ Tennessee _ Alabama _ Mississippi _ West South Central _ Arkansas _ Louisiana _ Oklahoma _ Texas _ Annual expenditure for education Per pupil in average daily attendance for— Per capita of total popula¬ tion Total Current expendi¬ tures (less commu¬ nity services) Interest Capital outlay Daily ex¬ penditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance 2 3 4 5 6 7 38.36 258.85 32.46 261.77 208.83 227.10 4.51 1.43 45.51 1.46 33.24 1.46 27.28 31.33 30.39 30.81 27.27 41.40 173.34 255.80 204.76 258.48 254.87 338.52 157.47 210.51 192.87 236.44 240.40 254.62 0.61 1.40 1.00 0.22 3.98 3.91 15.26 43.89 10.89 21.82 10.49 79.99 .96 1.45 1.20 1.45 1.42 1.87 38.13 311.75 262.38 7.72 41.65 1.71 40.92 40.68 33.01 356.83 337.54 246.65 295.02 279.81 215.76 10.40 8.44 4.19 51.41 49.29 26.70 1.95 1.85 1.35 39.44 285.08 227.93 4.92 52.23 1.58 36.57 40.02 40.93 42.92 35.19 261.30 268.62 334.18 277.20 269.99 202.12 235.49 258.46 219.55 230.01 4.75 5.77 6.70 4.68 0.71 54.43 27.36 69.02 52.97 39.27 1.47 1.55 1.79 1.54 1.48 36.49 243.07 214.76 3.65 24.66 1.39 39.36 43.30 28.33 39.85 41.02 35.30 37.74 272.09 273.25 201.47 241.22 254.47 231.82 240.64 242.24 230.53 173.57 226.27 230.34 217.07 218.57 1.91 27.94 1.99 40.73 7.46 20.44 3.59 11.36 2.68 21.45 2.45 12.30 2.55 19.52 1.59 1.52 1.12 1.40 1.45 1.31 1.46 32.85 190.88 152.09 2.30 36.49 1.07 40.94 319.18 39.61 311.85 30.23 186.62 34.64 174.03 37.08 178.45 27.80 142.56 25.70 143.35 34.05 228.40 258.77 2.44 213.39 6.72 145.56 1.30 149.86 1 0.08 140.82 2.53 122.39 1.37 123.37 1.51 181.27 4.63 57.97 1.75 91.74 1.69 39.76 1.04 24.09 .99 35.10 .99 18.80 .80 18.47 .81 42.50 1.27 34.72 327.71 256.24 71.47 1.86 25.11 134.84 113.78 0.71 20.35 .79 21.83 31.67 25.80 18.68 132.44 179.03 132.26 85.98 120.82 132.17 117.09 79.69 1.06 0.81 0.81 0.09 10.56 46.05 14.36 6.20 .77 1.01 .75 .50 38.33 239.68 194.68 6.42 38.58 1.35 28.41 41.95 39.25 39.26 153.09 267.70 222.34 261.97 111.71 214.08 207.05 208.88 3.03 4.00 3.55 9.31 38.35 49.62 11.74 43.78 .88 1.50 1.21 1.50 Expendi¬ ture per capita of popula¬ tion 5-17 years of age 188.45 178.64 130.73 164.62 146.18 172.22 156.83 241.70 206.87 229.57 235.20 166.56 206.10 199.50 200.48 228.73 206.57 174.76 182.39 193.08 214.21 150.75 169.42 186.70 176.75 190.00 142.23 214.08 200.34 133.59 138.78 145.22 102.54 105. 15 172.05 240.62 100.92 89.51 134.02 100.91 70.56 170.35 113.71 175.90 171.79 184.31 See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 Table 31. — Expenditures for public elementary and secondary education per capita of population and per pupil in average daily attendance , by State: 1949—50 — Continued State, by region Annual expenditure for education Daily ex¬ penditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Expendi¬ ture per capita of popula¬ tion 5-17 years of age Per capita of total popula¬ tion Per pupil in average daily attendance for— Total Current expendi¬ tures (less commu¬ nity services) Interest Capital outlay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain _ _ Montana _ Idaho _ Wyoming _ Colorado _ New Mexico _ Arizona _ Utah _ Nevada _ Pacific _ Washington _ Oregon _ California _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ Canal Zone _ _ Hawaii _ Puerto Rico _ 48.57 285.03 220.48 3.85 60.70 1.61 212.94 51.53 44.30 50.64 44.40 48.49 55.09 48.40 54.73 326.08 236.55 301.24 294.26 275.80 328.31 235.16 348.64 267.56 186.00 262.77 219.66 222.48 240.70 178.56 246.22 1.52 3.07 4.80 6.04 2.55 4.59 2.66 5.93 57.00 47.48 33.67 68.56 50.77 83.02 53.94 96.49 1.78 1.35 1.72 1.67 1.53 1.92 1.34 1.97 244.54 186.29 233.92 216.21 187.20 229.48 195.56 291.90 57.21 375. 18 262.73 6.37 106.08 2.14 316.47 47.35 61.20 58.85 314.45 408.30 383.87 247.63 280.75 263.51 2.56 8.17 6.96 64.26 119.38 113.40 1.81 2.28 2.19 249.00 315.29 332.81 31.79 31.91 38.46 12.06 382.00 202.28 225.14 72.25 317.19 196.40 214.82 70.21 64.81 5.88 10.32 2.04 2.18 1.08 1.31 3.78 195.29 211.38 167.23 37.73 An incomplete figure for interest was submitted. 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 32. — Cost value of public property used for public elementary and sec¬ ondary school purposes, by State: 1949-50 Value of public school property (Thousands of dollars) Average value of school property per — State, by region Total, including undivided items Sites, when reported separately Buildings Equip¬ ment: furniture, libraries, appara¬ tus, etc. Pupil enrolled Pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Unit of popula¬ tion 5-17 years of age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States.. New England _ Maine _ New Hampshire _ Vermont _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic _ New York _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central _ Ohio _ Indiana 1 _ Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ West North Central _ Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota _ South Dakota 2 _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ South Atlantic _ Delaware _ Maryland _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ South Carolina _ Georgia _ Florida _ 11,396,804 $454 $511 $370 710,597 550 615 419 51,144 46,149 4,995 323 353 266 31,000 28,000 3,000 432 472 304 22,449 367 399 284 385,483 610 688 458 62,543 57,805 4,739 649 747 457 157,978 146,509 11,468 579 644 458 2,842,606 2,379,398 253,787 673 770 508 1,578,924 170,360 1,263,417 145,147 790 929 594 401,512 39,059 333,865 28,588 595 689 477 862,170 782,117 80,054 556 612 413 2,580,437 2,151,849 256,145 560 619 442 612,409 56,057 501,942 54,410 509 552 420 240,000 53,619 167,438 18,943 348 408 304 792,355 725,638 66,717 687 768 506 631,626 62,767 490,228 78,631 591 640 475 304,047 266,603 37,444 616 676 438 1,127,028 467 531 398 240,145 12,962 200,978 26,205 499 553 392 204 , 635 204 , 635 428 490 384 255,464 230,963 24,501 396 458 342 56 , 527 493 548 484 51,748 45,399 6,350 440 486 352 112,613 101,458 11,154 494 553 408 205,896 183,030 22,866 592 684 540 1,215,914 299 337 248 25,000 543 612 410 147,206 11,511 129,844 5,851 439 493 317 204,720 180,790 23,930 342 381 273 144,669 12,899 109,992 21,778 330 363 288 231,008 14 , 362 192,045 24,601 261 290 222 90,721 184 219 158 157,879 8,280 126,797 22,802 220 255 187 145,398 20,283 108,205 16,910 323 350 263 District of Columbia. East South Central _ Kentucky _ Tennessee 1 _ Alabama 1 _ Mississippi 1 _ West South Central _ Arkansas _ Louisiana _ Oklahoma _ Texas _ 69,313 9,059 53,916 6,338 720 828 608 399,869 165 187 140 131,369 100,000 96 , 500 72,000 121,258 10,111 233 152 142 137 271 171 162 152 182 128 123 125 921,295 59,511 723,970 137,815 343 396 281 98,526 139,861 191,041 491,867 5,522 9,677 10,680 33,632 82,674 114,188 150,361 376,746 10,330 15,996 30,000 81,489 242 289 433 363 278 332 485 425 206 218 374 299 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 Table 32. — Cost value of public property used for public elementary and sec¬ ondary school purposes, by State: 1949-50 — Continued State, by region Value of public school property (Thousands of dollars) Average value of school property per — Total, including undivided items Sites, when reported separately Buildings Equip¬ ment: furniture, libraries, appara¬ tus, etc. Pupil enrolled Pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Unit of popula¬ tion 5-17 years of age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain _ Montana 1 _ Idaho _ Wyoming _ Colorado _ New Mexico _ Arizona _ Utah _ ^ Nevada _ Pacific _ _ Washington _ Oregon _ California _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ Puerto Rico _ 1, 439,781 447 505 377 50,500 46,603 28,417 113,524 57,830 61,897 64,833 16,177 40,678 5,925 3,153 100,431 52,286 50,588 57,971 14,041 13,093 5,544 8,156 6,862 2,136 477 381 477 495 388 445 422 643 535 418 581 564 478 489 456 644 401 331 451 413 323 342 377 539 159,277 480 525 442 257,224 152,053 750,000 10,322 233,008 123,611 24,216 18,120 642 596 427 721 665 462 568 514 400 6,951 26,445 2,449 21,365 2,630 485 65 629 716 1 Estimated. 2 Statistics, 1947-48. 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 33. — Permanent school funds, school lands, and debt funds, by State: 1949-50 [All amounts in thousands] Amount of permanent school funds School lands Debt funds State, by region Total State County Local Number of acres of school land Esti¬ mated value of school lands Amount in interest and bond accounts for serial bonds Amount in sinking funds for term bonds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United $877,245 $779,608 $70,510 $27,127 30,739 $482,811 $173,999 $41,686 5,417 1,741 60 4,290 1,127 1,127 392 1,177 1,177 2,152 Maine _ _ '615 New Hampshire _ 60 1,426 41 1,426 Rhode Island 1 _ 41 2,152 2,148 2,148 Middle Atlantic 28,187 28,187 115,283 4,465 9,850 15,069 9,850 15,069 82 , 555 New Jersey _ 211 4,465 Pennsylvania _ _ 3,267 3,267 32,517 East North Central _ 81,439 55,645 25,795 36 16,936 21,844 12,141 Ohio _ 4,110 27 , 500 26 , 745 4,110 27,500 950 9 14 12,971 2,969 Indiana _ Illinois _ 25,795 10 16,715 7 Michigan _ 8,945 14,139 8,945 14,139 7 8,874 5,649 3,523 Wisconsin _ _ . 10 200 West North Central. . 235,676 234,414 1,262 5,678 48,308 6,684 Minnesota _ 145 , 929 145,929 4,907 Iowa _ 4,907 1,262 31,224 Missouri _ _ 1,262 North Dakota _ 31,224 27,444 12,874 1,818 2,239 1,621 («) 9,545 22,388 16,374 1,290 South Dakota _ 27,444 Nebraska _ 12,874 12,035 5,394 Kansas _ _ . 12,035 (6) South Atlantic. _ 29,117 29,117 92 1,839 3,870 2,352 Delaware _ 2,360 2,360 312 Maryland _ 2,352 Virginia _ 18,738 1,000 18,738 West Virginia. 1,000 934 South Carolina _ 2,624 Florida _ . 7,019 7,019 92 1,839 East South Central _ 4,828 4,828 Kentucky _ 2,316 2,513 2,316 Tennessee _ 2,513 West South Central. „ 312,616 244 , 102 68,515 2,031 27 , 164 802 10,072 Arkansas _ _ 3,483 2,200 130,101 176,833 3,483 2,200 9 2,515 3,801 17 , 249 802 111 Louisiana 2 _ _ (6) 812 Oklahoma _ 74 , 196 164,223 55,905 12,609 Texas _ 1,209 3,598 9,961 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 Table 33. — Permanent school funds, school lands, and debt funds , by State: 1949-50 — Continued [All amounts in thousands] State, by region Amount of permanent school funds School lands Debt funds Total State County Local Number of acres of school land Esti¬ mated value of school lands Amount in interest and bond accounts for serial bonds Amount in sinking funds for term bonds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mountain _ 103,029 102,099 734 206 19,975 136,607 2,417 3,820 Montana _ _ __ 23,337 210,273 24,813 214,083 * 15,092 4,502 7,187 3,742 23,337 2 10,273 24,813 2 14,083 3 15,092 3,563 7,187 3,742 4,322 (3) 3,092 43,217 1848 30,921 1,049 884 Idaho Wyoming _ Colorado _ New Mexico __ . (3) 10,025 2,500 36 124,000 130,076 7,500 45 Arizona _ 734 206 2,417 (5) Utah _ 1,527 361 Nevada _ Pacific _ 76,936 76,936 2,530 250,780 29,783 Washington _ __ 50,006 11,338 15,592 50,006 11,338 15,592 1,750 780 250,000 780 3,499 1,622 24,662 Oregon _ _ California _ Alaska _ 19 19 1 Statistics, 1945-46. 2 Statistics, 1947-48. 5 Included in column 9. 6 Less than $500. 3 Acreage not reported. * Statistics, 1943-44. Table 34. — School bonds and other forms of school indebtedness, by State: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars] 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 lit* £ a ° 43 T3 ■CflMO c s ro'C M tj « a <2 C*h C3 •pH ^ fl) 4-s I! si 3 SjQ 'ea >•? OOOOOCOC5C5 NOOWNNO ^005 l> 00 50 50 50 l> 0 COt^(NCOCO ooi-iooioio 00t»>0 5050 o OOt^lMCOCO 00 .-100 50 50 loost^^co I co COrPHtOrHH 1-H C050t^000t- l> t-oo oo co co 00-^00 NOW t^coio lOTfN HHIfl ot>co io oococo CO 00 03 .-i CO CC00.-H OCC05 co co co t^05Tj< C5» 50 CO coo 05 1XN05 50t^^eo 11>(NNC15 00050 OOOCO -^•*CO S il-o i 2 ; : 03 !jl4! z j|| ,55uho £ H ^ oH O H kPS rsL )K o c3 O (1) jj| **>“5 5? j I o g ® © g ,!z:!>Sp3 O q £!z;pn a w o w H O 2~ £ i °- 00 H 2 to M fl j,53 8 C O 05 ■CP &.a g See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 8,459 22,120 55,129 307,101 5,408 81,343 28,147 12,698 68,037 24,144 33,180 54,142 85,458 24,396 37,849 20,245 2,968 462,853 51,116 73,891 36,733 301,113 155,017 13,487 14.276 13,223 47,480 • 14,943 24.276 19,284 8,049 582,571 48,211 46,393 487,967 2,396 1,431 3,657 1 l III i 1 00 i » 'CO 1 rji i L- i i ICO i i C5 i i i CO i i i i i 0300(NOO cciO'tft^10 cqtoeo 132,062 12,719 14,392 104,951 4,767 18,732 40,569 256,485 3,236 71,032 * 28,000 11,236 52,417 19,243 27,324 43,998 68,699 17,079 4 30,000 19,012 2,669 356,620 32,029 59,765 35,000 229,826 129,978 12,529 9,232 8,876 40,223 15,073 24,281 14,270 5,494 CO > 9 £ os o. Ph a) (-<♦* c3 © (NNO^OCO 00^00 CO 00 00 b- i-i «-c oo t- eo ©©OSTbt^ 00i-ITt©C0 ©co oo ©Th© ©I-I^©rt< Tt4 00 OS © CO HOHTfN l>^00t^Tt< t^CO i OS i— l o coco i©osi-i ■— * co looeoeo ©OS OS 00©© ©co oo oo co© 00 ©©©© -H©0 ©©© b- I-I CO t^OOOSt^b^t^ © OS I-I os oo ©t^^ooos© OO©^ t-©OS ©C-4 I-H©,-t® b~ i— b~ i— i I-lb-t>© Tt4 b- © © 00 os^osoo© CO OS 00 OS© Tf ©t^— <©©^H OS OS OS OS © I> Oh©h h oot^coo©©^ Tt4 00 b- © © © H b- CO © Tb rt I-I OS © ^t4 00 ^*©osco TbOO© OS001*© © •'tf'OOOS t^oos^ © © © 0©OS I-I 00 OS oo©©©coos© ©00 I-4©© co©© OS b^ CO 00 b- © © b- oco© ©©OS^HTb^H © rr oo© i-c oo o©^ooo© OrfM OS b- Tt4 1-1 © M4 I-4 b- OS OS © © CO CO ■— * b» •^1 © 00 © © b-eo©©Tb©oo ©bO©'lfb'^ ^©©coot^o 00 OS 00 -I b- 00 OS OS TfCO©© a a z W-0 2 a ©00 OS b— © © ©i-ico ©OO^HCOiiOS© 2'cO-Sh gW o l*g =2 as w as a> TJ G 2 fl g 2 > ill 'SOO^ C3 £ gP3 g Com *.2 as c3 < - e.m See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS TfOOtO CD COCO © —i -h©i-<© ooco-tico CO©Ot^ t^— i©nf< CD © 03 03 CO * — i co co — i eo©eo©i>'^©© „ _ — < co co oo © co — i o » © © ©©> ©— i©©©©t»eo ooococoooocon- ,, _ cot^cooo — iCOf^© oo CO© CO— I©© 00 CO CO ©^H © co©o oonxoo ©oo© ©© © ©■'t't CO © © © txn- N- © © ©© COO© ©CO© oo© N- — ©© ©OCO oo co© ©©— < CD CD © © © -icoco - 03 •2.2 Oo <3 03" i M73 O g So £ceOh p- 2J§’ §SS 2 s o 2 ‘55 *3 52 15 O-* © OPOH S' o s .2 73 *3 c3 -h O 03^i fj « no 4>‘C © ©00 t>© ©ooo© -< © nX t»eo— 1< © © — . —I © © o©©© ©©©CO —ICO© '3 .2 a £ 5 o o Igl £66 73 o a .2 S :3°.2 £ © m C3 r-, .H 97 15 1 > c3 © hi 0 o*H 0^73 g g >*-2 e*035 .3 S S 3 o o WS£ ■+S ’© • ■<±'73 >> £ Cfl £ 'O co «73 o3 C ■§ £6 co S CCJ73 373 a 3 i|ii^ ^ 2 . O fl fl) p o oo 2 ^'§^73 § ^ 03 B^o > eg ’«:2^7373 73 O § § 03 § o «fSa!i 073^^2^ OQ ^ tn . ^ 3 So 0 g^Q § loll 8 5 ® _g 3 -g « J73 _g 2 o ® ® © © ."S © © © "3. © 73 On 'OJ 73 73 C73 2 .222 o 2 © cs © M M © Si) © © © 73 0^3 'O'O 2 °222 o ro c o o o o 'o C"u o'© ©►2 tc 12 Pan 13 14 15 16 17 2 “ C3® ° - C- « C 2 o © o >> o . w © 3 c-2 js® 1.1 SI m oq _ > oo 2 ©m S. .15 'Q 5 S o 2 £§f||s fe « £ >2. ©© 3 © ,®3 § ^oqSqo '373 7373 73 73 a c a b c a 03 a3 03 S3 c3 a3 ©©©©©©CO© © S3 C »g es 5 73° E3T3 ■ a as CO-1 5P oo nhCO g g g g g g g -p MMMMMMo M10 .2 .2. 2. 2.2 .2 3.2 © '3'3'3'3'3'S S'-Sts 2222,22^22 "© ”© ”© 13 '3 "3 3 'u "© “> ® *- ® ® 732 2 a »5 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 36. — Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia , 1919—20 to 1949-50 Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 9,090,532 9,585,417 10,275,347 Negro children 5-17 years of age, 2,899,246 2,902,657 2,827,565 Enrollment of pupils: Elementary grades: Boys. - - - - 992,401 1,039,227 1,072,281 1,011,476 1,043,658 Girls _ 1,077,973 1,130,765 1,101,981 995,360 1,015,256 Total - 2,070,374 2,169,992 2,174,262 2,006,836 2,058,914 High-school grades: Boys - - - 12,392 40,533 102,678 124,082 144,820 Girls _ 20,949 72,053 151,902 175,144 193,212 Total _ 33,341 112,586 254,580 299,226 338,032 Total enrolled in elementary and high-school grades: Boys - - - 1,004,793 1,079,760 1,174,959 1,135,558 1,188,478 Girls _ 1,098,922 1,202,818 1,253,883 1,170,504 1,208,468 Total _ 2,103,715 2,282,578 2,428,842 2,306,062 2,396,946 Average daily attendance - 1,416,206 1,645,518 1,953,401 1,922,381 2,044,518 Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled _ 168,414,206 217,754,344 305,344,350 329,914,879 354,606,908 Average number of days attend¬ ed by each pupil enrolled dur¬ ing the year _ 80 97 126 143 148 Average length of school term in days _ 119 132 156 172 173 Percent of enrolled pupils in daily attendance - 67.3 72.1 80.4 83.4 85.3 Percent of pupils in secondary grades - 1.6 4.9 10.5 13.0 14.1 Percent of school population enrolled _ 72.6 78.6 85.6 Instructional staff: Elementary schools: Supervisors _ (2) (2) 198 261 276 Principals _ (2) (2) 365 1,536 1,616 Men teachers . . . 6,398 6,246 7,883 3,846 4,308 Women teachers _ 31,227 39,801 46,098 48,037 48,971 High schools: Supervisors _ _ (2) (2) 34 94 99 Principals _ (2) (2) 599 1,147 1,206 Men teachers _ 457 2,395 4,575 5,722 7,091 Women teachers _ 478 2,836 4,724 9,507 10,991 Total number of instruc¬ tional staff _ - _ 38,560 51,278 64,476 70,150 74,558 Average salary per member of instructional staff (for States reporting) 3 _ $601 $1,738 4 $2,143 Average salary per member of instructional staff (for States reporting) 5 _ 1,016 1,761 2,143 High-school graduates: Boys 11,014 15 , 502 18,459 Girls _ _ 18,995 23,121 26,832 Total... _ _ 30,009 38,623 45,291 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Included with teachers. 3 Unadjusted for changes in purchasing power of the dollar. 4 States listed in table 43. 6 Adjusted for purchasing power in 1949-50 dollars. Table 37. — Instructional staff and number of clerical assistants in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949-50 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 Clerical Assistants Part- time © i i i i i i I *0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l Full¬ time 18 i i i i i !oo© OOCOt^CD ©(N © CIOMNO ©00©t^O 'TOOOCl Cl O tt© Cl 00 — oof^^ © o cc n ©eo 00©© TfCOO^t- 1 vtNCCNH eo eo coo Tp f» ci -

-H i-h !M l 1 1 1 1 28 Ele¬ men¬ tary t- 1 1 1 ICOO 28 51 11 66 eoeo C0— < i— i eo ©■'»<©© — i oo os co HH l-l CO — H CO *OC5t^. 00 t}h C5 >-h CM© © i-H 1-H CM 1-H 1-H ,-1 i-l ,1 ,-1 ,-t ,-I^HrtrtCM 1-H CO 1-H 1947-48 CM 14.3 ©I-HI-HC5CM © CM © CM CO nJ<©T»- i-h CM CM 1-H 1-H CM i-H i-H CM CM i-H CM i-h CM CM i-h CM i-H 1937-38 t- 18.9 b-b^COH*© ©CM^HHJICM ©OCOi-Hi-h ©o © ©Tf<©00H}H 1“H 00 00 05 © OOOOt^Hf^H © b- CD HCMi-Hi-Hi-H CM 11 1-H H CM i-h CM i-h CM CM --H CM H 1935-36 vO 19.4 OJCO^ON C5H051IO CO 00 nf 00 Is- CO © CM © 00 CM OObOO^H© OObbCOCO ©© 00 i-H CM 1-H 1-H 1-H i-IHi-HCMCM 1-H CM 1-H CM CM 1-H CM 1-H 1933-34 1/5 18.7 CM © CO CM ©©00 -tb. C0 00Hjt©rH ©00 CO *OCOt>^ 1 1 1 1 lllll ICO lit'* III IrH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II III I 1 lllll 1 II III 1 1 lllll 1 II III 1 1 i 1 Jk ' i i 1 11 i ; i i i Fourth year 17 49,568 5,218 1,909 160 3,422 4,926 1,125 2,880 1,282 2,480 1,469 6,821 1,476 3,400 2,916 6,159 1,608 1,105 1,208 Third year VO 68,678 7,120 2,476 212 3,767 6,966 1,443 3,962 2,395 3,753 1,894 8,970 1 , 536 5,010 3,669 7,453 5,133 1,324 1,595 Second year 15 95,202 9,853 3,413 406 5,443 9,433 1,770 6,046 3,888 5,602 2,800 12,176 2,159 7,091 4,919 9,509 6,670 1,553 2,471 First year 14 124,461 13,107 4,964 488 6,242 13,357 2,368 8,165 3,734 8,162 3,475 16,242 2,841 9,519 6,617 12,251 7,805 1,885 3,239 Total CO 338,032 00(NCOtJH(N Ov^ONOO •>C<00©'-H(N VO—i CO ©CO© t^OO OOOOOCO 00rMCvq (NOO-HCO - to to tO ©-tfCOOO ©CO © ©< NHNtO ©©"©©© r-H © U- CO © TjH r-H© CO U- TjlHCO CM Kinder¬ garten »#< 14,218 123 128 502 774 1,197 2,779 3,358 567 150 1,842 2,798 Total CO 2,058,914 OliOrfioOiO 00C0--IO00 hUJO(Dh -^05 t" OOCOIOOOO H^OOOO rf-H CO 0500510© -^lOeoOOCO OOCOOOOOOO 00© (M ©©©r^© ckncvico© CO 0©00©.© 10 Tt<0 COOOt^©© ©COINO© © -H©.-t© t^(N©b-C0 >O^Ht»CO NOrtNCS lONOlrt h^NOC 6,323 ©©-H I Capital outlay New equip¬ ment vO 297 71 2 282 376 301 New build¬ ings, sites, and altera¬ tions w I99‘ I 1'80‘S 872 5,937 1,242 3,609 Total T? (NOHNCO CD 00 CO n. © NON O (N State pH Alabama _ Arkansas - Florida.. - - . Georgia .. - - - Mississippi - North Carolina - South Carolina - District of Columbia - . 1 Chargeable to pupils (excludes column 16, table 44). 3 Less than 0.5 of 1 cent. 2 Current expense only. 4 Estimated. Table 46. — Number of Negro public elementary and secondary schools , cost of Negro school property , and transportation data for Negro schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia: 1949—50 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 1 Data, 1947-48. 2 Average daily attendance. 3 Data, 1943-44. STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 Table 47. — Number of teachers employed in nonpublic (private and parochial ) schools , by State: 1949-50 State, by region Elementary and Secondary Elementary (including kindergarten) Secondary Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ _ 118,271 21,975 96,296 76,087 5,482 70,605 42,184 16,493 25,691 New England . . 14,494 3,042 11,452 8,321 298 8,023 6,173 2,744 3,429 Maine - 1,378 284 1,094 1703 2 34 2 669 675 250 425 New Hampshire _ 1,119 336 783 625 32 1593 494 304 190 Vermont _ 605 118 487 1297 3 5 2 292 4 308 113 195 Massachusetts _ 7,181 1,280 5,901 4,194 ^ 145 44,049 2,987 41,135 4 1,852 Rhode Island _ 1,405 251 1,154 1,043 244 2 999 362 2 207 2 155 Connecticut _ 2,806 773 2,033 1,459 2 38 21,421 1,347 2 735 2 612 Middle Atlantic _ 32,650 4,767 27,883 22,302 695 21,607 10,348 4,072 6,276 New York _ 16,160 2,254 13,906 11,773 450 11,323 4,387 1,804 2,583 New Jersey _ 5,314 793 4,521 13,431 2 58 23,373 il,883 2 735 4 1,148 Pennsylvania _ 11,176 1,720 9,456 7,098 ^ 187 46,911 4,078 4 1 , 533 42,545 East North Central.. 29,976 5,551 24,425 20,163 2,090 18,073 9,813 3,461 6,352 Ohio _ 6,270 688 5,582 4,228 2 24 24,204 2,042 2 664 2 1,378 Indiana _ 2,488 458 2,030 1,845 4 233 4 1,612 643 4 225 1 418 Illinois _ _ 10,991 2,733 8,258 7,200 1,067 16,133 3,791 il,666 12,125 Michigan - 5,550 964 4,586 3,463 1 526 42,937 2,087 1438 1 1 , 649 Wisconsin _ _ 4,677 708 3,969 3,427 1240 13,187 1,250 1468 1782 West North Central.. 12,802 2,371 10,431 8,356 710 7,646 4,446 1,661 2,785 Minnesota _ _ 2,855 391 2,464 1,923 4 73 4 1,850 932 4 318 4 614 Iowa - 2,419 415 2,004 1,525 s 146 6 1,379 4 894 4 269 4 625 Missouri _ _ 3,572 663 2,909 2,247 161 12,186 1,325 1602 1723 North Dakota _ 736 261 475 515 1 183 4 332 221 178 1 143 South Dakota _ 512 68 444 383 4 36 1347 129 32 97 Nebraska - 1,284 324 960 779 1 116 1663 505 1208 1297 Kansas _ 1,424 249 1,175 984 195 1889 440 1 154 1286 South Atlantic _ 7,638 1,843 5,795 3,964 305 3,659 3,674 1,538 2,136 Delaware _ 378 94 284 209 4 8 4 201 169 4 86 4 83 Maryland _ 2,597 469 2,128 i 1,675 2 122 21,553 2 922 2 347 2 575 Virginia _ 1,119 388 731 334 4 24 4 310 785 4 364 4 421 West Virginia _ 466 99 367 238 1 18 1220 228 4 81 1 147 North Carolina _ 524 177 347 257 1 54 1203 267 4 123 4 144 South Carolina _ 279 64 215 123 4 8 4 115 156 4 56 4 100 Georgia _ 551 211 340 204 4 17 1 187 347 4 194 4 153 Florida _ 893 168 725 486 2 17 2 469 407 2 151 2 256 District of Columbia 831 173 658 438 4 37 1401 393 1 136 4 257 East South Central _ 4,338 1,236 3,102 2,339 311 2,028 1,999 925 1,074 Kentucky _ 1,981 321 1,660 1,234 4 77 il,157 747 2 244 2 503 Tennessee _ 829 337 492 366 4 85 1281 463 4 252 4 211 Alabama _ 1,017 438 579 469 8 106 »363 8 548 8 332 216 Mississippi _ 511 140 371 270 4 43 1227 241 197 4 144 West South Central. _ 6,539 1,118 5,421 4,612 394 4,218 1,927 724 1,203 Arkansas _ 395 119 276 205 20 1 185 190 199 91 Louisiana _ 2,739 492 2,247 1,902 4 149 il,753 837 4 343 4 494 Oklahoma _ 724 154 570 446 182 1364 278 172 4 206 Texas _ 2,681 353 2,328 2,059 4 143 il,916 622 s 210 8 412 See footnotes at end of table. 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 47. — Number of teachers employed in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools, by State: 1949-50 — Continued State, by region Elementary and Secondary Elementary (including kindergarten) Secondary Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mountain _ Montana . Idaho _ Wyoming _ Colorado. _ New Mexico _ Arizona _ Utah _ _ Nevada _ Pacific . . Washington _ Oregon _ California _ 2,494 509 1,985 1,561 220 1,341 933 289 644 397 195 71 848 484 358 110 31 68 22 28 222 2 57 51 20 11 329 173 43 626 2397 307 90 20 272 126 54 480 366 216 32 15 2 35 18 121 * 93 2 55 15 < 3 2 237 i 118 i 33 1387 311 1211 129 i 15 125 69 17 368 118 142 78 16 233 4 14 4 7 « 129 232 * 46 * 17 1 11 292 i 55 i 10 1239 3 86 * 96 * 61 15 7,340 1,409 715 5,216 1,538 391 117 1,030 5,802 1,018 598 4,186 4,469 929 438 3,102 459 1214 2 37 * 208 4,010 1715 2401 12,894 2,871 480 2277 2,114 1,079 i 177 2 80 1822 1,792 ^ 303 197 * 1 ,292 1 Roman Catholic, plus ratio of non-Roman Catholic nonpublic to total nonpublic which obtained in 1940-41. See Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1940-42, “Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940-41.’’ 2 Sex ratio estimated on basis of distribution in statistics, 1940-41. 3 Roman Catholic only. i Statistics, 1947-48. 8 Level breakdown based on statistics, 1940-41. 6 Total men teachers reported, minus men teachers in secondary schools. 7 Total women teachers reported, minus women teachers in secondary schools. 8 Total secondary school teachers reported, minus men teachers in Catholic schools. ® Statistics, 1947-48, adjusted to embrace increases indicated in totals reported. Table. 48. — Number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools , by State: 1949-50 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 111 Secondary Girls 10 355,502 59,773 iOS!NNCC-< 1 ^NMOt-O | l> IN CO 'S' 1*3 b CO 1 I 92,048 C5WO (NttN Tf O O 1*3 'S'" 'S’"eo 89,553 05 00 00 o b- o CO CO 03 00 lO 00 84,762 (NO'S* (NIC 00 1 1OC300 CO CO 10 ^ © CO 00 'S' tS< — 05 CO (N CO c « >-"-1 Total 2,707,777 285,061 1— C5t>t^t^C OCCOOiS-C CO 05 (N CO C5 00 ^cococ ©i*300 — ©•V >*3 05 05 CO 00 00 ©CO ©i*3i*3tJ<05 I — 05 — — 259,757 71,731 45,698 76,139 9,385 9,595 22,633 24,576 Elementary and Secondary Girls 1,693,027 201,599 1 19,611 12,535 8,004 108,619 2 I , 234 31,596 506,723 1 245,731 84,095 176,297 L- 1 00 1 r- 1 ^ TT 99,241 34,975 157,401 95,297 70,933 161,168 43,476 28,901 47,340 6,013 5,880 14,486 15,072 Boys M 05 t- sc sC 195,993 16,110 14,077 7,297 103,407 21,215 33,887 519,293 254,044 84 , 538 180,711 h (3 N 1*3 1*3 C00S5L3rji NCC.N-h OC ^ CO ^ CO , CiCOktCN 162,055 42,595 28,883 49,437 5,717 5,400 15,017 15,006 Total N Cv ft c es K « 397,592 , 72 1 26,612 15,301 212,026 42,449 65,483 1,026,016 1 499,775 169,233 357,008 913,221 198,032 69,661 311,398 190,052 144,078 323,223 86,071 57,784 96,777 11,730 11,280 29,503 30,078 State, by region - Continental United Stales - _ New England - - - - Maine _ _ _ _ _ - New Hampshire _ — Vermont _ _ _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ _ Connecticut . . - Middle Atlantic _ _ _ New York _ New Jersey _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central _ _ _ Ohio _ _ Indiana - - - - Illinois _ _ _ Michigan _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ _ West North Central _ _ __ Minnesota _ Iowa _ _ . . _ Missouri _ North Dakota. . . . . . South Dakota _ _ _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ Kansas _ See footnotes at end of table. Table 48. — Number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic ( private and parochial) schools, by State: 1949—50 — Continued 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Secondary Girls 10 20,806 ONNCtONSO CO — 1 CO 05 b- tO rH 00 Tt< b- b* 05 CO (N !N 03 1> 00 eo CD(M»-HrH rH(N 01 iD OfNCO"^ iO-*b— i CO 05 b- (M _ rH " ^ CO CO rH 00 O co oo co eo b- eo 05 oo io CDiOCDMi— (CDbriO OOIXM’' Boys SO 64,787 CO IO O 05 Tt< 00 05 IO rH tji io oo 05 eo o o > e3 t- o 53 43 B o c . ta O >> 5 w « c3 ||b O ^ PS'S « §11 ■S«.§ o §3 '3302 3 -Tl -So1 2” « 3.C-M 023 •2CO C5 3: g© - 6 O - T pHui - •S’* Is Table 49. — Number of schools , teachers , and pupils in Catholic elementary and secondary schools: 1949-50 1 Grand Total BIENIS (5 riAL o CM SUIT OO CO to to o CO VE" 05 to 05 oo if OF EDU 05 CM 03 05 CO 1 oow^ihho OH05005rt< C© CM © CM eo CA S 00 CD 05 476,783 £ 155,550 O 332,521 2 856,028 M 193,582 £ 63,727 9° 293,207 172,630 ® 132,882 294,153 79,607 52,374 88,110 11,441 Teachers 05 94,295 10,244 CO CM lO CD 05 05 ^(NOHQlO OON^CDOtO »OHH 27,809 13,709 4,426 9,674 24,016 5,791 1,854 8,695 3,673 4,003 CO o oo o CM 05 CD 05 DO Yf 03 y* CM 05 Y* CM CM CM Secondary Schools Enrollment Girls 00 270,842 28,265 1,377 1,803 1,201 17,626 2,834 3,424 o to oo So 40,854 10,942 30,054 78,568 17,645 5,497 27,716 19,484 8,226 26,466 6,764 5,157 7,564 1,096 Boys 213,301 19,981 N05000»0(N OCCNCDMO CM OO CO OO y-h T-H CM CM 64,564 29,789 9,087 25,688 60,775 CO CM Is- rf ^ o O to CM o oo 2 W © to c©~ 21,724 O CM 00 CO CD OO tO CM CM CM YcfY 05 y* ^ Total, including undis¬ tributed to 505,572 49,291 2,784 3,042 1,971 2 30, 838 5,669 2 4,987 151,966 CM CO t-h CO YtfH ^ Or* CO CM CD cm to 144,011 Y-H 05 OO CD -Y*H CO to 05 ^ HO*HCMCO 05 05 to CD CO y* CO Y-H 51,742 CO CM O O CM ^ CD CO OO CO y-H t-H t-h o CO CM Teachers Lay Women i n 2,279 194 COtOHrHClCM CM to § CD Yf OOrH CM CD COHH 549 tOtONCMO to CM CM 05 to Y-H CM 200 NCMOO to COCO t-h Men 2,344 173 05 CO 05 CM tO tO CO 781 OO O CO OO OO T-H CO T-H CM 577 NNOCOO tOCO CM C5|>. Y-H CM 293 85 36 68 14 Religious Women CO 16,329 1,702 111 115 110 1,071 125 170 oo 05 CM 1,924 680 1,694 4,544 CO © y* 05 OO t"- O CM OO tO O CO ^ T-H to 2,120 05 CO CM tH CD to O O tO tO y-h Men CM 6,818 584 lOOOfONCO COCMHCMOU3 CO H 1,945 CM t-— CD O O CO Y-H CM CD 1,703 05 CM to CM to 00 T-H CO 05 y*h r— cm y— h 724 YfHCOO CO CD t"- CO y-H t-H CM Total 5 27,770 2,653 T-H ©ON COO 05 CO oo CO y-h rHH^lOWCO 7,687 3,738 1,245 2,704 7,373 ■Yft 05 co CO CDCOOON OOYji to CD 00 Y-H CvT Y-H 3,347 to to co to YfGOOtO 05 y-H Num¬ ber of schools © 2,189 225 00 0)OCDN»0 rHrHHMHCJ 477 05 to CO CM 513 CO CO CO 00 CD CMCOYf Yf CD 345 o to 05 oo CD t-H CD y-H Elementary Schools Enrollment Girls © 1,224,824 135,064 CMOOCOOiiON CO OO T-H OO T-H CM N ^ IO id OO 05 HOSTfO^eo r-t NrHCM 402,252 199,888 66,082 136,282 314,363 41,739 26,873 121,101 67,663 56,987 119,061 32,933 20,438 35,591 4,641 Boys oo 1,244,076 135,239 11,573 9,602 4,458 70,592 14,430 24,584 410,636 203,453 67,385 139,798 323,203 43,251 27,785 122,948 69,671 59,548 123,350 34,851 21,594 36,359 4,670 Total, including undis¬ tributed m 00 to CM 270,303 23,305 19,090 8,971 141,181 29,245 48,511 812,888 403,341 133,467 276,080 712,017 *159,441 54,658 244,049 137,334 116,535 242,411 67,784 42,032 71,950 9,311 Teachers Lay to 4,747 008 -Yf CM i 05 CM CO t'- l CD CO CM to co 05 r>» 05 CM to O CO CO 853 CM t>- CM tO t"- CD Y-H CO CO O CO CM y-H t-H 431 86 46 218 13 Religious Women m 59,698 7,201 YfCOOOOOO tO CD h- CM CD CM lOiOCMDNrH CO y-h 18,001 8,609 2,808 6,584 15,212 3,553 1,385 5,613 1,731 2,930 6,765 1,661 1,282 1,820 260 Men - 2,080 90 00 to O CO • CM ^ » t CD OO CO COCDN CO T-H co CO 578 CM CO CO Yt* CO r-H t-H tO O 05 CM CM 260 1 CD to Y-H • 05 t>- 1 Total CO 66,525 7,591 CM CO tO 05 CO 05 tONN Cl CD to CM O O0 CM '’t' r-T 20,122 9,971 3,181 6,970 16,643 3,927 1,415 6,101 2,070 3,130 7,456 1,747 1,424 2,043 344 Num¬ ber of schools CM 8,589 745 tOODNNN O0 CD CM CD CM 2,117 910 351 856 2,323 Yt05Cq^J4tOlN oococoocococoo OCOHOOCOtOHH 185,868 25,750 15,074 145,044 438 1,026 1,193 4,598 NCOCOOtOCONN tO T-s CO N CN Tt< N 10 CM cm co co co 1-1 d to co 3,026 (MhOM 00 cq cq 0 H* H*< ^ 5,878 to CX) CO 05 O cq cq rH co to to to cq" cq" 2,042 cqrHtH-cococqiN’^ Tto^o5ototocq CO rH CO -^4 cq 5,879 1,105 566 4,208 631 2,793 2,461 11,704 CO*— «t^G0«OC0O5 00 CO H*4 05 CM 00 05 rH CM 05 GO Tf ^QtONCOOH CO COtOtCCONrHCON O CM 29,705 19,882 5,214 4,609 69,048] 2,916 35,238 4,096 26,798 15,530 d CO 1 -^4 1 O t- d 1 O In 1 to CO t*4 10 iOON itO^C4 TJ4 rH 1 to to 1 1 1 1 1 75,387 10,296 5,995 59,096 9,067 19,042 23,225 116,275 6,856 49,003 11,718 7,151 4,828 3,204 6,007 14,660 12,848 67,755 rH cq rH T-T O IN tH rH co^ cq 05 00 0 05 CO cs, rH 140,538 5,723 71,147 8,133 255,535 968 OHN05 050WN OOONOOOJNtO 05 O d 05 CO 00 d 05 00 CO rH co T-H ^ rH d CO d to 20,425 12,116 120,191 *OCOO coco 145] COrHNCO 1 CO O 05 CO rH IO 1 rH CO rH « 1 I 1 116 O rH CO cq to co rn cq |899 to 05 H* O rH r-H CO ^ cq 75 tN tO rH O O O «d CO d H 1 1 1 1 424 74 16 334 COON «N CO to 00 2,838 CO CO N CO 05 00 cq CO NNCOOOJOOCOO CO rH O ?ZmoS Q 7* c? s — 1 ■ a ■ a c-~ 2 ^ g s 0‘c gS a g-a a g 3 c.a 5 o > 8-5 > -£ §3 S £ °^o«-c5S IS OP £60 1 Prepared by Department of Education, National Catholic Welfare Conference. 2 Included in total are pupils undistributed as to sex. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States— 1948-50 3 Statistics of City School Systems 1M9-50 I EDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1948-50: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50 Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50 Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50 Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50 Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1949-50 Chapter 5. Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Sub¬ jects, 1948-49. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50: Staff, Pupils, Finances, and Property Lester B. Herlihy, Specialist in Educational Statistics , prepared this chapter , under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head , Reports and Analysis Unit FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oveta Culp Hobby, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1953 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. CL * Price 30 cents FOREWORD rpHIS CHAPTER on city school systems of the Biennial Survey of Education continues the regular series of statis¬ tical reports published by the Office of Education since 1871. Prior to 1918 the city school statistics were presented as a part of the Annual Report of the United States Commissioner of Education. Since 1917-18, however, the report has been issued biennially for each school year ending in an even number. An added feature in the present chapter is the presentation of cer¬ tain financial data on school expenditures over the past decade in terms of the purchasing power of the 1949-50 dollar. Like its predecessors, this report presents data chiefly on the full-time public kindergartens, and elementary and secondary day schools, but also includes data on the institutions of higher education which are administered as part of the city public- school system in the school districts of cities of 2,500 population and more. All population figures in the report are as given in the Federal census of 1940, because the more recent census figures for 1950 were not available at the time this chapter was projected, nor later when the material was processed. The report does not include the statistics of schools in all cities of 2,500 or over, since schools in some cities are conducted as part of a larger administrative school unit, such as the county, and in such cases data for the city are not separable from data from the total county. Since the first of this series of statistical reports was published some 80 years ago, the cities with populations of 2,500 or more have increased in number from 663 to 4,284, and the urban population which comprised hut 25.7 percent of the total popu¬ lation in 1870 has grown to almost 59 percent of the total in 1950. This growing urbanization has been significant in many of its educational implications. in This present chapter, like its predecessors, embodies the voluntary cooperative efforts of many thousands of city school people over the Nation — mainly superintendents and school business officials of city school districts, together with the half¬ million elementary and high -school teachers and principals who prepared the basic data. To all these who have contributed to making this publication possible, the Office of Education extends its sincere thanks. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief, Research and Statistical Standards Section Ward Stewart, Director, Program Development and Coordination Branch TV CONTENTS Text Page FOREWORD . hi INTRODUCTION . 1 CLASSIFICATION OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS . 1 COVERAGE . 2 PUPILS AND STAFF . 2 Enrollment (full-time day schools) . 2 Attendance (full-time day schools) . 3 Pupil-teacher ratio (full-time day schools) . 4 School term and number of days attended (full-time day schools) . 5 Administrative and instructional staff . 6 Part-time (adult and continuation) schools and summer schools . 8 FINANCES . 9 Sources of revenue . 9 Expenditures . 10 Salaries of instructional staff (full-time day schools) . 10 Current expenditure per pupil (full-time day schools) .... 11 Current expenditure for part-time (adult and continuation) schools and summer schools . 13 Capital outlay . 14 Debt service . 15 Distribution of expenditures among basic accounts . 15 Indebtedness . 17 PROPERTY . 18 Text Tables I. Percent of enrollment in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 4 II. Number of pupils enrolled and number in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems, by population group: 1937-38 to 1949-50 . 4 III. Number of days schools were taught, and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city school systems, by population group: 1940-41 to 1949-50 . 5 IV. Distribution of 2,846 city school systems according to number of days schools were taught: 1949-50 . 6 V. Percent of men teachers in full-time day schools, by popula¬ tion group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 7 v VI CONTENTS Page VI. Number of teachers per supervisor, and per principal in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . . 7 VII. Pupils and staff of part-time (adult and continuation) schools and summer schools, in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 9 VIII. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school sys¬ tems, by population group: 1949-50 . 10 IX. Average annual salaries of supervisors, principals, and teach¬ ers in city public day schools, adjusted and unadjusted to 1949-50 purchasing power of the dollar, and percent of change by city -size group: 1939-40, 1947-48, and 1949-50 . 12 X. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 13 XI. Expenditures for part-time (adult and continuation) and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1949-50. 14 XII. Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for capital outlay in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 14 XIII. Percentage analysis of current and total expenditures in city school systems, by population group: 1949-50 . 16 XIV. Range in percentages of total current expenditure allocated to each major account in city school systems: 1949-50.... 16 XV. Bonds outstanding, less amount in bond reserves and sinking funds per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 17 XVI. School property investment per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 18 Summary and Basic Tables 1. Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 . 19 2. Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 . 21 3. Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data for public- school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 . 24 Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50 rpHE STATISTICS presented by this report are for those school systems conducted as separately organized school districts in cities of • 2,500 population or more, as distinguished from the schools in urban centers, or in cities which are conducted as part of a larger unit for school administration, such as, the county system. The county unit for adminis¬ tration of schools exists, either exclusively, or nearly so, in Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, West Virginia, and Utah. Eight other States have some county unit systems, while the State of Delaware, excepting a few sep¬ arately organized city districts, conducts its schools on a State basis for administration through the authority of the State Board and the State Superintendent of Education. This report presents only the statistics for those school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more which are administered by a superintendent as a school district operating coordinate with or under the municipal government regardless of whether the school district may be independent or dependent, fiscally. Classification of City Systems As in previous reports since 1940 the city school systems included in this present study are classified for the purpose of analysis into five groups according to population reported in the U. S. Census for 1940. The final census figures on city population for 1950 were not available for use in this chapter. The number of cities in each group and the number of separate city school systems are as follows: Number of Number of Group size cities in city school 1940 census systems Total all groups (2,500 population and more) . 3, 464 3, 141 Group I (100,000 population and more) . 92 89 Group II (30,000 to 99,999 population) . 257 249 Group III (10,000 to 29,999 population) . 728 726 Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 population) . 1, 016 902 Group V (2,500 to 4,999 population) . 1, 371 1, 175 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-60 In a number of instances there are two or more school systems, or school districts 1 within a city, and in the case of the two cities of May- wood -Melrose Park, Ill., the schools in these adjoining towns constitute elementary and high -school districts administered to serve both cities in common. Detailed statistics are presented for each of the city school systems in cities of 30,000 population and more. For the cities in Group III (popu¬ lation 10,000 to 29,999) data are reported in detail for 449 school systems in 428 cities — a sampling of greater than 58 percent of the total number of eligible cities in this group. Formerly in this series, each of the 728 Group III cities had been reported in detail. However, the number of Group III city school systems reported in detail was reduced in 1947-48 in order to make possible the inclusion in this study of detailed statistics for a sample of Group IV, and a sample of Group V city school systems. Coverage The basic data used for this report are those submitted by city school systems or the State departments of education in response to the requests of this Office. In some instances, data for 1949-50 were not available and in such cases the report made by the city for the previous biennium (1947- 48) was used. In all such cases footnotes indicate this usage. The detailed data for the individual cities of Groups III, IV, and V have been augmented by the totals for the city school systems not reported in detail. Thus, the State totals for each of these city groups for the various items involved are given to complete the statistical picture. Pupils and staff Enrollment 2 ( Full-Time Day Schools) During the regular school session of 1949-50 there were enrolled in the public day schools of the city school systems 12,696,724 pupils; of this number, 6,477,165 were boys, and 6,219,559 were girls. This total day school enrollment was distributed as follows: 801,613 pupils in the nursery and kindergarten classes; 7,394,319 pupils in the elementary schools; 4,329,185 in the seconday schools; and 171,607 in the institutions of post¬ secondary school level which were directly administered by the city board of education and the city school superintendent (Table 1 — Summary). In addition to the above, the city school systems reported 1,544,829 pupils enrolled in part-time school activities (adult, Americanization, night, and continuation schools), and 300,657 pupils enrolled in summer schools. 1 The boundaries of a city school district may, or may not be coterminous with those of a municipality; nevertheless, the school district organization in most cases is an independent governmental unit under a city board of education not to be confused with the political unit of government for the municipality. * Enrollment is the number of different pupils registered in any given school unit in any given school year. The number may increase, but not decrease, and for this reason is distinct from attendnace. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Attendance ( Full-Time Day Schools ) Of the 12,696,724 pupils enrolled in the full-time day schools of the city systems during 1949-50, 11,039,945, or 86.9 percent, were in average daily attendance. From 1947-48 to 1949-50 there was an increase of 584,785 in the number of pupils in average daily attendance compared with an increase of 507,869 in the number of pupils enrolled. In general, the percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance has been increasing from decade to decade, and usually from biennium to biennium. The war years, and the post-war biennium (the period from 1941-42 to 1945-46) showed decreases in the attendance figures as, for obvious reasons, was to be expected. The city public-school systems re¬ ported in 1949-50 that of every 100 pupils enrolled an average of approxi¬ mately 87 pupils had been in daily attendance as compared with the 74.6 per 100 in attendance in 1899-1900. In each group of city schools, the percentage of attendance was greater in 1949-50 than for any of the previous five bienniums (table I). School attendance as measured by the percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance is less in the large than in the small city school system. Yet, the largest cities spend most, proportionately, for the enforcement of attendance laws. The increase in average daily attendance in the past several decades can be traced to numerous causes, outstanding among which are (1) more interesting educational programs; (2) increased attention to the individual needs of pupils; (3) better -prepared teachers; (4) better guidance pro¬ grams; (5) better school health programs; (6) stricter, and more practical enforcement of the compulsory attendance laws; (7) increasing interest on the part of parents in schools; and (8) other factors of social and economic significance in a maturing society as compared with the years of its earlier developments. The ideal in attendance, as visualized for the public schools, calls for a yet greater percentage in average daily attendance, particularly, in respect to the secondary schools, than prevails at present. To this end, the Life Adjustment Education Program is concerned with the problem of providing education which will attract the large segment of high-school-age youth who do not enter the secondary education level, and which will "hold” in high school those who do enter high school but quit before graduation. “There has never been a time when more than 75 percent of the persons 14 to 17 years of age were in high school.” 3 Table I presents the picture by bienniums starting with the school year 1939-40 of the number of pupils in average daily attendance for each 100 pupils enrolled reported for each of the city groups, and for all five groups combined. 1 Bulletin 1951, No. 22, Life Adjustment Education. 235726—53 - 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table I. — Percent of enrollment in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1939-40 . 86.6 85.2 87.2 88.4 87.8 1941-42 . 84.1 82.2 85.3 86.0 85.9 1943-44 83.2 80.8 84.4 86.3 85.1 1945-46 . 83.9 82.3 84.9 85.4 85.3 1947-48- . 85.8 83.9 87.3 87.8 87.3 86.8 1949-50 . 86.9 85.2 88.1 88.7 87.9 88.3 Pupil-Teacher Ratio ( Full-Time Day Schools) The "pupil -teacher ratio,” or "teaching load” are the technical terms applied to the quotient obtained from dividing the total number of pupils by the number of teaching positions reported. Only the classroom teacher positions are used in this calculation. The average teaching load in 1949-50 for all city school systems combined was 28 pupils enrolled, and 25 pupils in average daily attendance. For all city schools combined the number of pupils enrolled per teacher, and the number in average daily attendance per teacher have not varied greatly within the past decade. Pupil-teacher ratios tend to be slightly higher in cities of 100,000 population or more than in the smaller city -size groups. The decrease in the ratio from 1939-40 to 1949-50 on both the enrollment and attend¬ ance basis is due partly to the fact that enrollment and attendance figures both decreased during the decade while the number of teachers increased by 45,748. However, the movement of population from congested city centers to suburban areas resulted in a distribution of school population necessitating an increase in teacher personnel, as well as the requirement of an increase in school plants and other facilities. Table II.— Number of pupils enrolled and number in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V En¬ roll¬ ment Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ roll¬ ment Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ roll¬ ment Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ roll¬ ment Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ roll¬ ment Average daily attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1939-40 . 32 28 33 29 30 27 31 27 31 27 1941-42 . 31 26 33 27 29 24 29 25 29 25 1943-44 . 31 25 33 27 29 24 29 25 29 25 1945-46 . 30 25 32 27 28 24 29 25 29 25 1947-48 . 29 25 31 26 27 24 28 24 28 24 1949-50 . 28 25 30 25 27 23 27 24 28 24 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 In 1939-40 the average number of pupils enrolled was 32 per teacher, and the average number of pupils in average daily attendance was 28 per teacher. The 2 groups of largest cities made an average reduction of 4 pupils per teacher in the daily load between the 1940 and 1950 school years. The 2 smaller groups of cities each averaged a 3 -pupil reduction per teacher in the same period (table II). School Term and Number of Days Attended ( Full-Time Day Schools ) In 1949-50 the average number of days that the schools were in session (days actually taught) in city school systems was 181, or a day less than the average reported in 1947-48. The average length of the city school term has remained practically the same within the narrow range of 180 and 182 days, for a long period of years. Table III. — Number of days schools were taught and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city school systems, by population group: 1940-41 to 1949-50 Population group Days taught, by school year Days attended, by school year 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All groups combined. 182 180 181 182 181 153 150 152 156 158 Group I . . 186 185 184 184 185 153 149 151 154 158 Group II . . . 179 181 181 181 180 153 152 154 158 159 Group III . . . 179 177 179 180 178 154 152 153 158 157 Groups IV and V . 177 175 178 180 178 152 149 152 157 157 However, this average school term conceals wide variations among individual city school systems. Table IV shows the distribution of 2,846 city school systems according to the average length of the school term. It is found from table IV that 602 cities, or more than 22 percent of the total, reported a school term, or year of less than 175 days in length for 1949-50. Nearly 50 percent of the total, or 1,412 city sys¬ tems, reported an average school year of 176 to 180 days in length; and the remainder — 792 cities, or 27.9 percent — financed a school year greater than 180 days in length. In 1949-50 the Group I cities (population 100,000 and more) reported an average of 185 days as the length of the school year; the Group II cities reported an average of 180 days to the school year; and the other groups each reported the school year length as averaging 178 days. On the average a pupil enrolled in a city public-school system at¬ tended only 158 days of the 181-day average length term during 1949-50. And while the 158-day average represented an increase of 5 days over 1941-42 attendance, it still meant that city school pupils were present only some 85 percent of the full school year. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table IV. — Distribution of 2,846 city school systems according to number of days schools were taught: 1949-50 Length of term in days taught All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total.. 2,846 100.0 89 100.0 242 100.0 713 100.0 851 100.0 951 100.0 161-165 _ 5 0.2 1 1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.4 1 0.1 166-170 . 45 1.6 1 1.1 2 .8 10 1.4 23 2.7 9 .9 171-175 _ 592 20.8 10 11.2 32 13.2 133 18.6 175 20.6 242 25.4 176-180. . 1, 412 49.6 38 42.7 102 42.2 362 50.8 380 44.7 530 55.8 181-185 . 530 18.6 28 31.6 71 29.3 146 20.5 170 19.9 115 12.2 186-190 . 208 7.3 10 11.2 23 9.5 48 6.7 83 9.8 44 4.6 191-195 . . 32 1.1 0 .0 6 2.5 10 1.4 13 1.4 3 .3 196-200 _ 22 .8 1 1.1 6 2.5 4 .6 4 .5 7 .7 Contrary to common belief city schools are in session for shorter terms annually than they were before the turn of the century. In 1900 city schools were in session an average of approximately 188 days, or at least 7 days more than in 1950. From earlier reports published by individual city school systems (circa 1840) it is found that the schools in the follow¬ ing large cities were in session practically the year round: New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Boston, Baltimore, Cincinnati, Cleve¬ land, Buffalo, Washington, D. C., and Detroit. The custom then pre¬ vailing was that of dividing the school year in the greater number of cities into 4 terms of 12 weeks each with a vacation of a week at the end of each term. In some cities all the vacation came in the summer season except for a week at Christmas time. The summer vacation was ex¬ tended gradually until the school year was reduced to about 9 or 10 months. Administrative and Instructional Staff In 1949-50 the public day schools in the cities covered by this report had an administrative staff including 5,579 superintendents and assistant superintendents, and an instructional staff of 5,823 supervisors, 20,070 principals, and 448,171 teachers in the full-time day schools (see Table 1, Comparative Summary). For all full-time day schools combined the number of teachers per principal was 22.3 in 1949-50 counting but one person to a teaching position. Of the total number of teachers, the men numbered 100,666, or 22.5 percent (table Y). This is the highest per¬ centage of men teachers employed for several decades. The previous high point in employment of men as teachers was in 1941-42 when men teachers represented 21.5 percent of the total number employed. Of the five city groups, the largest percentages of men employed as teachers were reported for the Group III, IV, and V cities, populations 2,500 to STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 29,999. Following World War II days, or since 1943-44 each biennium has shown an appreciable increase in the number of men employed as teachers. Especially is this true with respect to the cities in the popula¬ tion groups of 2,500 to 29,999. Possibly this increase in the employment of men teachers is partly due to greater stress being placed on the science subjects, physical education, and vocational education subject areas most often taught by men. Table V. — Percent of men teachers in full-time day schools , by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V 1 2 3 4 5 6 1939-40 _ _ - . - . 20.6 19.7 19.4 21.0 23.5 1941-42 . 21.5 20.1 20.6 22.4 24.1 1943-44 . . . . . . 17.6 18.0 17.5 18.2 16.5 1945-46 . . . 19.1 19.3 18.4 18.6 19.6 1947-48 . - . 21.1 20.8 20.3 21.7 21.8 1949-50 . - . - . 22.5 21.4 21.5 23.0 24.6 In 1949-50 the number of teachers to a supervisor has shown a decrease in each of the city -size groups except that of Group I. The highest teacher-supervisor ratios existed in 1943-44, or during the war years for each of the city groups. However, since the 1943-44 biennium, as shown by table VI, there have been reductions for each of the city -size groups in the teacher-supervisor ratios. The over-all decline for all city groups combined in number of teachers to a supervisor was from 95 to 77. In the combined two smallest groups of cities the ratio dropped from 196 teachers in 1943-44 to 115 teachers per supervisor in 1949-50. The ratios of teachers to principal have remained almost constant for each of the city groups during the past decade. Table VI.— Number of teachers per supervisor and per principal in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1939-40 . - . 91 24 119 24 66 24 61 22 119 27 1941—42 . . 92 24 117 24 62 23 62 23 150 28 1943-44 . 95 22 112 23 63 22 64 21 196 22 1945-46 . 90 23 93 23 61 22 76 22 174 24 1947-48 . 82 22 94 23 55 22 65 22 127 21 1949-50 _ 77 22 94 23 53 22 57 21 115 22 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Part-Time ( Adult and Continuation) Schools and Summer Schools The trend in the number of cities operating adult education facilities (night, Americanization, part-time, and continuation schools) as an integral part of the instructional function and responsibility of the public-school board of education, has been one of consistent increase during the decade 1939-40 to 1949-50 (table VII). The number of city school systems reporting the above type of school activity increased from 482 to 889, or 85 percent in the 10 -year period. In the 10-year period under discussion, the enrollment in these schools increased by 40.5 percent, or from 1,099,343 to 1,544,829 pupils, while the number of personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) in the same period increased only 29.3 percent, or from 20,495 to 26,493. That the increase in personnel failed to maintain a proportionate rate of increase to enrollment is reflected in the greater teaching load of 5 additional pupils per teacher shown in 1949-50 over the 1939-40 ratio. The pupil- teacher ratio in 1939-40 was 53.6 pupils enrolled as compared with the 1949-50 ratio of 58.3 pupils enrolled per teacher. In terms of number reported, personnel employed, and pupils enrolled, the summer school, as a tuition -free adjunct of the city school system, declined sharply during the decade 1930-40; the trend in the decade 1940-50 has shown just as sharp a recovery. The tuition -free summer school as reported to this Office (table VII) has increased in number from a low of 135 in 1937-38 to 304 in 1949-50; in personnel employed, from 3,661 in 1937-38 to 9,134 in 1949-50; and in enrollment from 106,270 pupils in 1937-38 to 300,657 in 1949-50. The Group III cities (population 10,000 to 29,999) reported 107 with summer schools in 1949-50, the largest number for any city group. In the Group III cities, reporting summer schools, there were 21.3 pupils enrolled per teacher. The comparable data for the other groups of cities were as follows: Group I reported 47 systems operating summer schools having an average enrollment of 40 pupils per reacher; Group II reported 73 systems, with an average enrollment of 25 pupils per teacher; Group IV reported 43 systems, with an average enrollment per teacher of 25.9 pupils; and the Group V cities reported 34 systems operating summer schools with 40.9 pupils enrolled per teacher. For all of these summer schools combined the average number of pupils enrolled for each instructional staff position was 35 (table 1). STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Table VII.-— Pupils and staff of part-time (adult, Americanization , night , and continuation ) schools and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year Part-time schools Summer schools Systems reporting Super¬ visors, princi¬ pals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment Pupils per staff member Systems reporting Super¬ visors, princi¬ pals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment Pupils per staff member 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1939-40 . 482 20, 495 1, 099, 343 53.6 170 3, 938 127, 452 32.1 1945-46 . 532 18, 607 956, 154 51.4 173 5, 402 215, 254 40.1 1947-48 . 876 20, 625 1,177, 282 59.7 278 8, 042 264, 651 33.1 1949-50 . - . 889 26, 493 1, 544, 829 58.3 304 9,134 300, 657 35.3 Finances Sources of Revenue A percentage distribution of revenues by source in 1949-50 for all pub¬ lic-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more was as follows: from local sources, 62.1 percent; from State governments, 26.1 percent; from county governments, 8.7 percent; from Federal Government, 1.2 percent; and from miscellaneous sources, as proceeds of fines, gifts, etc., 1.9 percent (table VIII). A corresponding distribution made for the 1941-42 school year shows that the major changes in the percentages have occurred in the revenue derived from State and county sources, both of which increased in 1949-50 over 1941-42 with corresponding percentage reductions in revenues de¬ rived from local sources (table VIII). The variations shown for the same year for city school systems of different groups are considerable. For example, the greater percentages (34.6 and 37.1, respectively) of total funds derived by Groups IV and V cities (populations 2,500 to 9,999) were from State sources. These smaller cities are beneficiaries of the school financing principle that the distribution of the State funds should he appor¬ tioned in relation to existing need. The smaller city school systems, in general, being less able to finance education, receive a proportionately larger share of State funds than do the larger city school systems. The cities in Groups I, II, and III received less than 30 percent each from the State as support for their local school systems. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table VIII. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems , by population group: 1949-50 State gov¬ ernment, including Federal aid for voca¬ tional educa¬ tion Local sources Population group Total Federal Govern¬ ment (direct) County govern¬ ment Total from local sources From tax¬ ation and municipal appropri¬ ations for current expense From taxa¬ tion for debt service From other districts for tui¬ tion and transfers All other sources 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949-50 All groups combined.. 100.0 1.2 26.1 8.7 62.1 56.3 3.7 2.1 1.9 I . . . 100.0 1.0 20.6 8.5 68.7 65.4 2.7 0.6 1.2 II. . . . 100.0 1.2 26.2 7.2 63.5 56.9 4.5 2.1 1.9 Ill _ _ 100.0 1.2 29.6 9.3 56.7 48.9 4.4 3.4 3.2 IV . . 100.0 2.0 34.6 9.2 61.9 42.9 4.7 4.3 2.3 v . . 100.0 1.7 37.1 10.6 48.1 39.1 4.2 4.8 2.5 1941-42 All groups combined.. 100.0 .5 23.0 2.2 73.4 62.6 9.2 1.6 1.3 Change in per¬ centage: 1942-50 . +.7 +3.1 +6.5 -11.3 -6.3 -5.5 +.5 +.6 The distribution shown for revenue receipts from local sources, in general, declined between 1942 and 1950. Specifically, however, the pro¬ portion of revenue receipts from other districts for tuition and transfers (a local source of revenue) increased slightly in the 8-year period; and the proportion of the total from taxation for debt service has continued the decline which started during World War II years. Of the $2,978,897,999 reported as total revenue receipts for 1949-50 by the city school systems in this report, the 89 Group I cities accounted for 46.1 percent; Group II cities, 17.0 percent; Group III cities, 17.3 per¬ cent; Group IV cities, 10.2 percent; and Group V cities, 9.4 percent. To finance public education through city schools for 50 percent of the total enrollment of boys and girls throughout the Nation, the city school systems received 54.8 percent of the $5,437,044,000 reported in 1949- 50 as total revenue receipts for all public elementary and secondary education in the United States. V. Expenditures Salaries of instructional staff ( full-time day schools). — Data are available for comparing the average annual salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers for 1939-40, 1947-48, and 1949-50 on the basis of the average amount in salary paid in each of such school years, and also on the basis of these averages in salary adjusted to show the relative purchasing power STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 as expressed in terms of 1949-50 dollar values according to the Con¬ sumers’ Price Index, Bureau of Labor Statistics (table IX). On the basis of the adjusted dollar, the average salary paid to super¬ visors as reported by all groups of city school systems increased in 1949-50 over 1939-40 by $403, or 9.2 percent, for the 10-year period and that for principals, decreased an average of $164. The teacher average salary for all city groups gained $158 between 1939-40 and 1949-50, an increase of 4.8 percent on the basis of adjusted dollar value. The average increase for the total instructional staff, all salaries combined — supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers — was $156, a gain of 4.6 percent in the decade. Continuing this analysis for the various city -size groups discloses the rather startling fact that in the Group I cities (population 100,000 and more) the average salary as reported for each of the three categories of positions had decreased in amount an average of $232, or by 5.5 percent between 1939-40 and 1949-50. The salary of principals in the Group I cities recorded the largest decline in the amount of average salary pay¬ ments. The average salary of principals decreased $759, or by 11.7 percent, compared with the decreases in the supervisor average salary of $545, or 7.4 percent, and in the teacher average salary of $401, or 5.2 percent, for the 10-vear period on the basis of the adjusted 1949-50 dollar purchasing value. The average salaries reported for the three separate instructional staff positions for each of the other three groups showed over-all increases of 12.6 percent in the Group II cities, 20.3 percent in the Group III cities, and 29.2 percent in the Group IV and V cities combined. The largest increases in the average salary payment in 1949-50 com¬ pared with 1939-40 occurred in the supervisor positions in the Group IV and V cities and averaged $913, or a 29.5 percent gain, for the period on the basis of the adjusted dollar. The largest average gains in each of the three categories of instructional positions were registered in the Group III, IV, and V cities. For example, the position of principal in the Group IV cities showed an increase of $905 in the average salary, and that for the teacher position was $632 in the same groups of cities as compared with the losses already described for the Group I cities, and such increases in the Group II cities for comparable positions as $92 and $401, respectively between 1939-40 and 1949-50 school years in terms of an adjusted dollar value (table IX). Current expenditure per pupil ( full-time day schools). — The total current expenditure per full-time day public-school pupil in average daily attend¬ ance reported for the Nation in 1949-50 was $223.93. This was 24 percent ($43.62) greater in amount in terms of an adjusted dollar of 1949-50 value than the expenditure per pupil reported for 1939-40 as compared with a 110 percent increase ($117.30) for the unadjusted dollar value (table X). Table IX.— -Average annual salaries of supervisors , principals , and teachers in city public day schools , adjusted and unadjusted to 1949-50 purchasing power of the dollar , and percentage change by city-size group: 1939-40 , 1947-48 , and 1949-50 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Teachers 1949-50 eo r* oo ww • jseo + 3,927 3, 927 -5.2 3,445 3,445 +13.2 3,101 3,101 +20.7 2,846 2,846 +28.5 1947-48 2 $3, 116 3,166 -3.4 3, 654 3,712 -10.4 3, 057 3,106 +2.4 2,735 2,779 +8.2 2,495 2,535 +14.5 1939-40 a • C* D* i Se* ! i i i 2,450 4,143 1,800 3,044 1,519 2,569 §2 CO c* Principals 1949-50 s os 05 eo 1 5,755 5,755 -11.7 4, 979 4, 979 +1.9 00 00 CO CO o w + 4, 087 4,087 +28.4 1947-48 - GO OS »© ©r» • ^ ^ o* •H? 1 w 1 5,197 5,280 -19.0 4, 374 4,444 -9.1 3, 960 4, 023 +1.5 3, 463 3,518 +10.6 1939-40 00 $3,037 5,119 3, 852 6,514 2,890 4,887 2,343 3, 962 1,882 3,182 Supervisors 1949-50 05 05 N 05 5, 597 5,597 -7.4 4,715 4, 715 +10.0 4,249 4,249 +29.5 4,006 4,006 +29.5 00 X 2 CD QO CD CD eo o oteo ** 4, 956 5,035 -13.7 4,121 4,187 -2.4 3,732 3,792 +15.5 3, 525 3,581 +15.8 1939-40 GO CD i go i ua eo i | 3, 573 6,042 2, 536 4, 288 1,941 3,282 1, 829 3,093 Total instructional staff 1949-50 - GO GO CD »o lO S” + 4, 019 4, 019 -5.5 3, 531 3,531 +12.6 3,176 3,176 +20.3 2,910 2,910 +29.2 1947-48 eo GO go eo eo MM 1 3,730 3, 790 -10.8 3,131 3,181 +1.5 2,803 2,848 +7.8 2,545 2, 586 +14.8 O 1 oa N GO W ! GO CD i 05 eo i eo1 i 2, 514 4,251 1,854 3,135 1,662 2, 641 1, 332 2,252 City-size group All groups combined: Average salary (unadjusted) . Average salary (adjusted).. - - Percentage of change over 1940 (on basis of adjusted dollar). . Group I: Average salary (unadjusted) . . Average salary (adjusted) . . J Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of Group II: Average salary (unadjusted) . Average salary (adjusted) . . Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of ad- Group III: Average salary (unadjusted) . Average salary (adjusted) . Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of ad¬ justed dollar) . Groups IV and V: Average salary (unadjusted) . Average salary (adjusted) . . . Percent of change over 1940 (on basis of ad- ; j 5 ) ) i STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 On the basis of the dollar expressed in terms of purchasing power as in 1949-50, the Group I, or school systems in the largest cities expended $247.57 per pupil for the six major current expenditure items the amount of $32.44 per pupil more than in 1939-40. The Group II city school systems expended $229.49 per pupil, or $57.35 more than in 1939-40; the Group III, $205.27, or an increase of $57.61 per pupil for the decade; and the school systems of the combined Group IV and V cities reported $191.27 as the per pupil expenditure in 1949-50, an increase of $55.99 per pupil greater than that reported for 1939-40. Table X. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 [With comparative data on per capita disposable income in the United States] Item 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1949-50 Increas 1939- 194S Amount ie from 40 to K50 Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 EXPRESSED IN TERMS OF UNADJUSTED DOLLARS All groups combined . 106.63 116. 90 131.64 150. 47 198. 99 223.93 117.30 110.0 Group I... . . . 127. 22 137. 44 153. 80 174. 01 220. 31 247. 57 120. 35 94.6 Group II . . 101. 80 113. 62 131. 10 152. 63 206. 14 229. 49 127. 69 125.4 Group III . . . . 87. 32 99. 98 112. 58 132. 79 181. 08 205. 27 117. 95 135.1 Groups IV and V . 80.00 89. 70 103. 14 123. 97 166. 75 191. 27 111. 27 139.1 Per capita disposable income in the United States 1 . 551.00 765. 00 1,029.00 1, 121. 00 1, 236. 00 1, 276. 00 725. 00 131.5 EXPRESSED IN DOLLARS OF SAME PURCHASING POWER AS IN 1949-50* All groups combined . . 180. 31 177. 69 179. 03 195. 46 202.17 223.93 43. 62 24.2 Groups I . 215. 13 208. 91 209. 17 226. 04 223.83 247. 57 32.44 15.1 Group II. . . . 172. 14 172. 70 178. 30 198. 27 209. 44 229. 49 57. 35 33.3 Group III-.. . . 147. 66 151.97 153. 11 172. 49 183. 98 205. 27 57. 61 39.0 Groups IV and V . 135. 26 136. 34 140. 27 161.04 169. 42 191. 27 55. 99 41.4 Per capita disposable income in the United States * - 932. 00 1, 163.00 1,399.00 1,456. 00 1, 256. 00 1, 276.00 344. 00 36.9 1 Source: Survey of Current Business, Supplement, 1951. p. 208. * The adjustment to dollars with the same purchasing power as in 1949-50 was made by use of the Con¬ sumers’ Price Index. (The monthly Consumers’ Price Index figures needed for the calculation were obtained from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Renew, April 1951.) Current expenditure for part-time (adult and continuation) schools and summer schools. — The expenditure for part-time education (adult, con¬ tinuation, and evening schools) increased from $8,441,447 to $39,178,286, in the decade from 1939-40 to 1949-50. This represented an increase of $12.38 per pupil enrolled in terms of the 1949-50 purchasing power of the dollar. Similarly, the expenditure from public-school funds for summer schools increased appreciably in the years from 1937-38 to 1949-50. For all groups of cities combined the expenditure per pupil enrolled increased 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 from a low of $11.25 to $14.62 during such period in terms of 1949-50 dollars, an increase of 30 percent. In Group I cities the expenditure per pupil enrolled in 1949-50 was $12.02; in Group II, $22.01; in Group III, $34.32; in Group IV, $14.90; and in Group V, it was $12.76. Table XI.— Expenditures for part-time ( adult and continuation ) and summer schools in city school systems: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year Adult and continuation schools Summer schools Unadjusted Adjusted 1 Unadjusted Adjusted » Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled Total for systems reporting (in thou¬ sands) Expendi¬ ture per pupil enrolled i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1939-40 . . $8, 441 $7. 68 $14, 274 $12. 98 $847 $6.65 $1, 432 $11. 25 1945-46 . . 15, 269 15. 97 19, 834 20.75 2, 063 9. 58 2,680 12.44 1947-48 . — . . 31, 008 26. 34 31, 504 26. 76 3, 978 15.03 4, 042 15.27 1949-50 . . 39, 178 25.36 39, 178 25.36 4, 394 14.62 4, 394 14.62 1 The adjustment to dollars with the same purchasing power as in 1949-50 was made by use of the Con¬ sumers’ Price Index. The monthly Consumers' Price Index figures needed for the calculation were obtained from Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mouthy Labor Review, April 1951. Capital outlay. — The city school systems expenditure in 1949-50 for sites, new buildings, additions, improvements and new equipment was $492,946,038, or $44.65 per pupil in average daily attendance. In 1947-48 this capital outlay expenditure was less than half that reported for 1949- 50 — $206,117,821, or $19.71 per pupil in average daily attendance (table XII). Between 1943-44 and 1949-50 the expenditures for Capital Outlay increased from $24,269,000 to $492,946,000 in the attempt to meet the Table XII. — Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for capital outlay in city school systems , by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1939-40 . . . $130, 263 $11. 73 $66, 725 $13.09 $24, 103 $12. 83 $19, 536 $10. 08 $19, 899 $9. 07 1941-42 . 61, 725 5.80 24, 663 5.20 10, 490 5. 81 12. 071 6. 30 14. 501 6.68 1943-44 . 24, 269 2.41 10, 107 2. 30 3, 488 2. 06 5, 004 2.65 5,650 2.28 1945-46 . 49, 976 4. 98 17, 622 4. 04 8,915 5. 22 9, 777 5 20 13, 662 6. 51 1947-48 . 206, 118 19. 71 81, 923 18. 35 34, 221 19.29 38, 989 19. 73 50, 985 22. 77 1949-50 . 492, 946 44.65 174, 094 37.66 94,014 50. 55 111, 244 53.34 113,595 45. 97 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 increasing needs imposed on the schools by obsolescence, and by inade¬ quacies of all kinds existing in respect to school properties. The small city school systems have made greater increases in Capital Outlay expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance over the past 3 bienniums than the city school systems in Group I (population 100,000 and more). Debt service . — With the increase in the school building program, ex¬ penditures for debt service have increased. The number of dollars needed to pay the interest and principal on long-term debt is not affected by recent changes in the value of the dollar. Present increases in the cost of building due to inflation will affect both the amount needed for interest and bond retirement in the future. Short-term loans may be immediately affected by inflation. From 1947-48 to 1949-50 the redemption of short-term loans increased 17.4 percent, from 65 million to 76 million dollars. The redemption of school bonds from current funds (probably serial bonds from special bond and interest levies) increased 20.9 percent, from 93 million to 113 million dollars. The amount of bonds that were refunded by issuing new bonds decreased from just over one millon dollars in 1947-48 to only about half a million dollars in 1949-50. Interest paid from current funds increased about 5 million dollars, or 11.3 percent, and interest technically paid from sinking funds increased only 3.1 percent. Payments into sinking funds to provide for retirement of bonds in the future also increased. Distribution of expenditures among basic accounts. — Of the total current dollar expended by school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more in 1949-50 for full-time day, part-time, and also those summer schools supported from public funds, 3.5 cents were used for Administration; 70.7 cents for Instruction; 10.2 cents for Operation of the School Plant; 5.1 cents for Maintenance of the School Plant; 4.6 cents for Auxiliary School Services; 4.2 cents for Fixed Charges; and 1.7 cents for part-time and summer schools (table XIII). In general, as the size of the city increases, the proportion of the current school dollar spent for Administration de¬ creases and the proportion of the expenditure shown for the Instruction account increases. When other expenditures were added to current expense, the total expenditure dollar for all the city systems combined was divided as follows: Current expenditures (the six major fimctional accounts), 77.0 cents; Capital Outlay, 14.9 cents; Debt Service, 6.5 cents; and for Interest Payments, 1.6 cents. Since conditions are different in respect to each individual city’s expenditure, it is obvious that no two school systems can distribute the current expenditure dollar in the same proportions for the various functional accounts. The analysis presented in table XIII, however, should afford superintendents and other interested school officials a fairly reliable general guide for the preparation of school budgets. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table XIII. -—Percentage analysis of current and total expenditures in city school systems , by population group: 1949-50 Purpose All groups combined Group Group II Group III Group IV Group v 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current expenditures. . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 General control . . 3.5 3.3 3.0 3.6 4.6 4.8 Instruction . 70.7 70.3 72.9 72.1 70.9 68.3 Operation _ _ 10.2 9.9 10.8 10.7 10.1 9.8 Maintenance . 5.1 5.2 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.7 Auxiliary services: Allocable to pupil cost . 4.0 2.7 3.0 4.2 5.6 6.9 Nonallocable to pupil cost _ .6 .7 .5 .4 .3 .5 Fixed charges: Allocable to pupil cost . . 3.6 6.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 Nonallocable to pupil cost _ .6 .4 .7 .7 .6 1.0 Part-time schools . . 1.5 2.0 1.3 .9 .9 1.5 Summer schools . . . . .2 .2 .2 .1 .1 .1 Total expenditures _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditure . . 77.0 78.8 75.6 74.9 76.3 75.9 Capital outlay _ _ 14.9 11.6 16.2 19.1 17.4 18.4 Debt service (excluding interest) . 6.5 7.8 6.8 4.7 4.9 4.8 Interest payments . . .. . 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.4 .9 Despite the general pattern of uniformity shown for each city -group in the percentage distribution for the six major functional accounts (table XIII), the per pupil expenditure for each of the major accounts as reported by individual cities covers a wider range in each group (table XIV). In 1949-50 for all city school systems the range in the proportion of the total current expense dollar allocated to the Administration account was from 1.2 to 8.4 percent; the range in the Instruction allo¬ cation was from 59.3 to 85.1; that for Operation of School Plant was from 5.5 to 18.6; for Maintenance of School Plant, from 0.6 to 14.3; for Auxiliary School Services the allocation was from nothing to 19.5 percent; and for Fixed Charges the allocation of the total expense dollar was from nothing to 10.9 percent. Table XIV. — Range in percentages of total current expenditure allocated to each major account in city school systems: 1949-50 Percentage range Major account All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V 1 2 3 4 5 6 Administration _ _ _ 1. 2- 8. 4 1. 3- 6. 1 1. 2- 5. 5 1. 3- 6. 5 2. 4- 8. 4 Instruction . . . . . 59. 3-85. 1 68. 0-84. 5 67. 1-81. 9 62. 5-85. 1 59. 3-84. 8 Operation of physical plant _ 5. 5-18. 6 6. 1-15. 8 6. 4-16. 2 5. 6-18. 6 5. 5-15. 2 Maintenance of physical plant _ . 6-14. 3 1. 3-12. 2 1.0-14.3 1. 1-10. 4 .6-11.8 Auxiliary school services _ .0-19.5 .5-6.7 .3-6.6 .0-9.0 .0-19.5 Fixed charges _ .0-10.9 .0-10.9 .3-8.2 .0-10.9 .0- 6.5 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Indebtedness The bonded indebtedness in 1949-50, less amounts in school sinking funds and interest accounts, for all city school systems of 2,500 popula¬ tion and more, was $1,596,455,708, or $144.52 per pupil in average daily attendance (table XV). Other forms of school debt outstanding in 1949-50, such as unpaid teachers’ warrants, short-term loans, and current obligations amounted to $92,796,657 for all groups of city school systems (table 2). The amount of bonds outstanding, less the amounts of school bond reserves and sinking funds, per pupil in average daily attendance in 1949-50 was greater by $31.78 per pupil than the total reported for 1947- 48. This increase of 28.1 percent in the 2-year period reflects, no doubt, the additional bonds floated to meet the greater expenditure in 1949-50 for schoolhouse construction and purchases of equipment, as compared with that of 1947-48. The amount of bonded indebtedness outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance for all city groups in 1949-50 ($144.76) has increased by $50.28, or 53.2 percent over the $94.48 per pupil in average daily attendance reported in 1945-46, which was the lowest amount in recent years. In the distribution of the bonded indebtedness reported for city school systems, the amounts of the increases per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance reported since 1945-46 are inversely related to the population-size of the city group. The Group IV and V cities (population 2,500 to 9,999) reported an increase per pupil of $72.56, or 99.8 percent, over that shown for 1945-46; the Group III cities (population 10,000 to 29,999) increased their bonded indebtedness per pupil by $64.88, or 66.1 percent, over 1945-46; Group II cities (population 30,000 to 99,999) reported an increase of $66.99 per pupil, or 56.2 percent; and the Group I cities, (the largest) reported an increase of $25.08, or 26.2 percent, over the 1945-46 figure for the same item. Table XV. — Total bonds outstanding , less amount in bond reserves and sinking funds , and amount per pupil in average daily attendance in city school sys¬ tems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V Year Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1939-40... 194142... 1943-44... 1945-46... 1947-48— 1949-50... $1,596, 510 1, 646, 429 1, 403, 057 958, 442 1, 181, 209 1,596, 455 $179.12 194.56 176. 07 94.48 112. 98 144. 76 $1, 015, 882 1, 073, 457 923, 920 417, 774 477, 993 559, 175 $199. 35 226. 41 210. 60 95.87 100. 32 120. 95 $304, 290 302, 351 255, 621 203, 419 247, 215 346,224 $161.93 167. 50 150. 68 119.16 139. 33 186. 15 $276, 338 270, 621 223,516 184, 625 234.646 331, 984 $142, 59 141.25 118. 56 98.16 118. 76 163.04 8 (0 $152, 624 251, 355 359, 072 0) 0) (0 $72. 73 112.24 145.29 Data are not available. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Property On the basis of original cost, the amount reported as the value of school property (sites, buildings, and equipment — exclusive of inventories of supplies) in all groups of cities was $7,590,345,187 in 1949-50, and the value per pupil in average daily attendance was $688 (table 2). From 1939-40 to 1949-50 the value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance increased in each group of cities (table XVI). Of the total school property reported for 1949-50, the Group I cities owned 44.2 percent, an investment of $3,359,272,038, or $727 per pupil in average daily attendance; Group II city school systems’ share of the total was 16.8 percent, or $685 per pupil; the Group III city schools systems accounted for 11.2 percent, or $636 per pupil; and the Groups IV and V combined had 9.1 percent of the total, or $602 per pupil in average daily attendance. Since the investment per pupil in average daily attendance may fluctuate from year to year reflecting increases or decreases in the attendance figures, historical comparisons are not valid measures of investment trends in school property. However, in dollars of the value when they were spent , the total investment in school property increased $1,079,170,187, or 16.6 percent, from 1947-48 to 1949-50. Table XVI. — School property investment per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, by population group: 1939-40 to 1949-50 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V < 2 3 4 5 6 1939-40 _ _ $474 520 $539 592 $485 536 $430 475 $355 388 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ _ _ _ _ 637 657 578 506 457 1945-46 _ _ 555 657 601 529 501 1947-48 .. . . . . . . . 623 670 660 595 531 1949-50 _ _ _ _ 688 727 685 636 621 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 City-size groups: Based on United States census of 1940 1 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 popula¬ tion and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Group III 10,000 to 29,999 popula¬ tion Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group V 2,500 to 4,999 popula¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. Full-Time Day Schools: Number of city school systems... 3, 141 89 249 726 902 1,175 Number of superintendents and other administrative staff . 5, 579 1,178 948 1,106 1, 052 1,295 Number of supervisors . 5,823 1,935 1,479 1,523 593 293 Number of principals . . 20, 070 7,849 3, 500 4,022 2, 549 2, 150 Number of teacher and other instructional staff positions: Men - - - . 100, 666 38, 836 142, 325 16, 945 19,845 13, 247 11,793 Women . . . . 347, 505 61,920 66, 440 41, 729 35, 091 Total . . 448, 171 181, 161 78, 865 86, 285 54, 976 46,884 Number of clerks: For administration _ _ _ 13, 040 6, 547 2, 018 2,431 1,081 963 For instruction . 14, 350 8,199 3,157 1,434 938 622 Number of pupils enrolled: Boys - - - - - 6, 477, 165 2, 785, 281 1,075, 417 1,196,006 770, 961 649, 500 Girls - - - - 6, 219, 559 2, 641, 901 1, 036, 878 1, 156, 279 752, 134 632, 367 Total . - . . 12, 696, 724 5, 427, 182 2,112, 295 2, 352, 285 1, 523, 095 1, 281, 867 Number of pupils in average daily attendance . 11, 039, 945 4, 623, 163 1,859,880 2, 085, 589 1, 339, 399 1,131,914 Number of days attended in the aggregate . - . . 2, 002, 707, 581 855, 750, 709 335, 335, 123 370, 390, 160 239, 327, 333 201, 904, 256 Average length of school year in actual number of days taught - . 181 185 180 178 179 178 Average number of days attended per pupil enrolled - - 158 158 159 157 157 158 Percent of pupils enrolled in aver¬ age daily attendance . . 86.9 85.2 88.1 88.7 87.9 88.3 II. Distribution, by School Level, of Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Public Day Schools: Kindergarten (including nursery schools): Number of city systems reporting . . . . 1,680 79 166 398 462 575 Number of supervisors _ 58 29 18 7 2 2 Number of teachers: Women.. 14, 342 7, 395 2,280 2,385 1,274 1,008 Enrollment (including nurs¬ ery): Boys . . . . 408, 529 226, 022 63, 587 60, 646 32,624 25, 650 Girls. . 393, 084 218, 670 60, 347 58,484 31, 017 24, 566 Total . 801, 613 444, 692 123, 934 119, 130 63, 641 50, 216 Average daily attendance. ... 520,882 284, 124 75, 526 77, 673 46,903 36, 656 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher. . 56 63 55 50 49 50 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teach¬ er . 36 38 33 33 37 36 Number of kindergarten schools or classes (half-day sessions counted as full-time units) . 10, 694 4,940 1,806 1,890 1, 181 877 Elementary schools: Number of systems reporting. 3,001 89 243 692 860 1,117 Number of supervisors _ 3, 223 993 853 901 319 157 Number of principals . 12,895 5,457 2,410 2,604 1,406 1,018 See footnote at end of table. 235726—53 - 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 20 Table 1. — Comparative summary of general statistical data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50— Continued City-size groups: Based on United States census of 1950 * Item All groups combined Oroup I 100,000 popula¬ tion and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Group III 10.000 to 29,999 popula¬ tion Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group V 2,500 to 4,999 popula¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II. Distribution, by School Level, op Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Public Day Schools— Continued Elementary schools— Con. Number of teachers: Men.. . . 19, 011 7, 227 2,837 3, 591 2, 852 2,504 Women . . . . 224, 881 92, 192 39, 655 42, 731 27, 304 22,999 Total . 243, 892 99, 419 42, 492 46, 322 30,156 25, 503 Percent of men teachers . 7.8 7.3 6.7 7.8 9.5 9.8 Enrollment: Boys . 3, 789, 637 1,564, 916 625, 986 704, 793 485, 235 408, 707 Girls . 3, 604, 682 1, 484, 903 599, 250 671, 175 461,899 387, 455 Total . . . 7, 394, 319 3, 049, 819 1,225,236 1. 375, 968 947, 134 796, 162 Average daily attendance. ... 6, 536, 961 2,688,903 1,083,815 1, 229, 772 831, 599 702, 872 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . 30 31 29 30 31 31 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teach¬ er . . 27 27 26 27 28 28 Number of schools . 19, 555 5, 977 3, 251 4,350 3, 056 2, 921 Secondary schools: Number of systems reporting. 2, 864 89 236 679 817 1,043 Number of supervisors . 2, 494 90 598 603 270 133 Number of principals . 7,001 2,316 1,049 1,386 1,126 1,124 Number of teachers: Men . 78, 231 29, 531 13, 485 15, 750 10, 284 9, 181 Women . 106, 525 41,949 19, 552 20, 964 13. 032 11,028 Total . 184, 756 71, 480 33, 037 36, 714 23, 316 20. 209 Percent of men teachers . 42.3 41.3 40.8 42.9 44.1 45.4 Enrollment: Boys . 2, 171, 531 920,081 368, 538 418, 787 250, 640 213,485 Girls . 2, 157, 654 893, 161 366, 743 420, 447 257, 893 219,410 Total . 4, 329, 185 1,813,242 735, 281 839, 234 508, 533 432, 895 Average daily attendance _ 3,854, 585 1,583,871 656,875 765, 989 457, 577 390, 273 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . . . 23 25 22 23 22 21 Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teach¬ er.. . . . 21 22 20 21 20 19 Number of schools . 6,080 1,422 848 1,331 1,105 1,374 City universities, colleges, and normal schools: Number of systems reporting. 122 17 24 42 21 18 Number of supervisors . 48 23 10 12 2 1 Number of principals . 174 76 41 32 17 8 Number of teachers: Men . 3, 424 2,078 623 504 111 108 Women . 1,757 789 433 360 119 56 Total . 5,181 2, 867 1,056 864 230 164 Enrollment: Boys . 107, 494 “ ! 74, 262 * 17,332 11, 780 2, 462 1,658 Girls . 64,113 45, 167 10, 512 6,173 1,325 936 Total . 171,607 119, 429 27, 844 17, 953 3,787 2,594 Average daily attendance- ... 102, 483 66, 265 18, 630 12, 155 3,320 2,113 Number of schools . 137 30 24 44 22 18 See footnote at end of table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 City-size groups: Based on United States census of 1940 1 Item All groups Group I 100,000 popula¬ tion and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 poulua- tion Group III 10,000 to 29,999 popula¬ tion Group I 5,000 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Group 2,500 to 4,999 popula¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 III. Adult Education: Americanization; Night; and Contin¬ uation Schools: Number of systems reporting . 889 73 147 261 212 196 Supervisors and principals . 916 457 207 141 71 40 Teachers. . 26,493 14, 027 5, 311 3,736 1,958 1,461 Total supervisors, principals, and teachers . 27, 670 14, 484 5, 518 4,138 2,029 1,501 Enrollment . 1,544,829 1,002, 866 213, 505 212, 382 69, 743 46,333 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . 58.3 71.5 40.2 56.8 35.6 31.7 IV. Summer Schools: Number of systems reporting _ 304 47 73 107 43 34 Supervisors and principals . 428 275 70 74 6 3 Teachers . 8,529 5, 926 1,461 844 211 87 Total supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers . 9,134 6, 201 1,601 1,025 217 90 Enrollment . . 300, 657 237, 612 36, 033 17,976 5, 470 3, 566 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher . 35.3 40.1 24.7 21.3 25.9 40.9 1 The 1950 United States census figures for population were not available for these 1949-50 tabulations. Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 [Thousands of dollars *] City-size groups: Based on United States census of 1940 1 Item All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V i 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. Receipts and Balances: Revenue receipts from : Federal Government for veterans’ educa¬ tion . . . . 22, 458 9,168 5,017 3,041 2, 663 2, 569 Federal Government other than veterans’ education . . . . 14, 090 4, 401 1,170 2,791 3, 463 2,265 The State . . . . . 776, 222 282, 089 132, 757 152, 551 105, 126 103, 700 The county (taxes and appropriations). .. 259,117 117,109 36, 423 48, 073 27, 955 29, 558 106, 350 Local taxation . . 1, 562, 890 827, 996 267, 169 235, 724 125, 651 Separate tax levy by district, city, or county for debt service . 109, 215 37, 691 22, 965 22, 865 14, 225 1), 469 Appropriations from local civil divisions.. 115, 818 69, 972 21, 379 16, 845 4, 606 3, 015 Other school districts for tuition and transfers . . . 62, 174 7,480 10, 475 17, 710 13, 151 13, 358 All other local revenue receipts . 56, 914 16, 713 9,564 16, 604 6, 880 7, 154 Total revenue receipts . 2,978,898 1, 372, 619 506, 918 516, 203 303, 719 279, 439 Nonrevenue receipts from: Loans and bond sales . . 425, 946 160, 594 87, 151 103, 084 46,005 29, 112 All other nonrevenue sources . 35, 925 13, 063 6, 039 7,027 5,411 4, 385 Total nonrevenue receipts . 461,871 173, 657 93, 190 110,111 51, 416 33, 496 Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts. 3, 440, 769 1, 546, 276 600,108 626, 315 355, 134 312, 935 See footnotes at end of table. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 — Continued City-size groups: Based on United States census of 1940 1 Item All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. Receipts and Balances— Continued Balances from previous year for: Current operations _ _ 278, 699 79, 979 61, 413 61, 735 39, 376 36, 195 Building reserve . . . . . . . 419, 557 190, 333 77,944 81, 485 9,356 41, 395 28,400 Serial bond interest and redemption - 66, 372 32, 555 11, 081 6,614 6,765 Grand total (all receipts and balances) . 4, 205, 396 1, 849, 144 750, 546 778, 891 442, 519 384, 298 U. Expenditures: ( Full-time day schools) Administration (General control): Business . . . 40, 915 19, 052 7,150 7,472 5, 026 2, 215 Educational _ _ _ .. 48, 269 18, 219 6, 092 8, 445 6, 967 8,547 Total - - - - 89, 184 37, 271 13, 242 15, 917 11, 992 10, 762 Expenditures for instruction: ( Full-time day schools ) Salaries: Supervisors - - 27, 826 10, 831 6, 974 6, 471 2, 321 1, 229 Principals . . . . .. 99, 447 45, 169 17, 425 17, 646 267, 539 10, 671 8,535 Teachers and other instructional staff. 1, 540, 521 711, 425 271, 670 159, 602 130, 284 Clerks . . . . 40, 263 24, 926 6, 931 4, 839 2,154 1,413 Cost of free textbooks _ 20,286 8,143 3,206 3,554 2,737 2,646 Cost of supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenditures _ 71, 541 26, 134 13, 773 15, 229 8, 898 7,507 Total expenditures for instruction.. 1, 799, 884 826, 629 319, 980 315, 278 186, 383 151, 614 Operation of school plant (janitors’ wages, fuel, light, etc.) . . 258, 674 116, 390 47, 297 46, 814 26,540 21, 633 Maintenance of school plant (repairs and re¬ placements).. . . . . . 129, 352 61, 209 24, 025 21, 762 12, 055 10, 302 Auxiliary school services: Promotion of health _ _ _ _ 26, 949 12, 918 5,130 4,702 2,648 1,551 School-lunch programs . . . . 18, 248 4,157 3,054 4,382 3,330 3, 325 Extracurricular activities allocated to pupil costs _ _ _ 27, 289 16, 823 2,542 3, 331 2,599 1,994 Transportation of pupils ... _ _ 29, 770 6, 995 2,580 5,749 6,028 8,418 Community services: (Disbursements made by the local board of education for various activities not allocable to pupil costs; e. g., public libraries not devoted to school use; public recrea¬ tion; and services to nonpublic schools). 14, 226 8,200 2,377 1, 797 840 1,012 Fixed charges: Allocated to pupil costs _ _ 92, 858 62, 175 8,975 10,199 6,264 5,245 Not allocated to pupil costs (transfers between districts for tuition, bus serv¬ ices, etc.) . . . 14, 893 5,217 2, 862 3,005 1,555 2,254 Amount of current expenditure allo¬ cated to pupil costs (full-time day schools) _ _ _ _ _ 2, 472, 207 1, 144, 567 426, 824 428, 132 257, 839 214, 844 Amount of current expenditure not allocated to pupil costs (full-time day schools).. _ _ _ _ 29, 118 13, 417 5, 239 4,802 2,395 3, 266 Total current expenditure full-time day schools . . . . . . 2, 501, 326 1, 157, 984 432,063 432, 934 260, 234. 218, 110 III. Part-Time Schools: Adult; Amer¬ icanization; Night; and Contin¬ uation Schools and Classes: Expenditure for instruction . . 34, 667 21, 212 4, 988 3,680 2,262 2,524 All other expenditures . 4, 511 2, 508 913 362 188 540 Total expenditures . . . . . 39, 178 23, 720 5,902 4,042 2, 451 3,064 Expenditure per pupil enrolled (dollars) _ $25. 36 $23. 65 $27.64 $19. 03 $35. 01 $66. 13 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Table 2. — Comparative summary of fiscal data of public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more: 1949-50 — Continued City-size groups: Based on United States census of 1940 1 Item All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 IV. Summer Schools (Conducted at Public Expense): Expenditure for instruction _ _ 3, 559 2, 444 633 364 74 44 All other expenditures . . . . 835 413 160 253 7 1 Total expenditures . . . 4, 394 2, 857 793 617 82 46 Expenditure per pupil enrolled (dollars) _ $14.62 $12. 02 $22. 01 $34. 32 $14.90 $12. 76 Total current expenditure for day, part- time, and summer schools . . 2, 544, 898 1, 184, 561 438, 758 437, 593 262, 767 221,220 V. Expenditure for Capital Outlay: For sites, new buildings, additions, and improvements . . . . 432, 916 157, 429 81, 572 96, 583 51, 182 46, 151 For new equipment _ _ _ _ 60, 030 16, 665 12, 442 14, 661 8, 598 7, 665 Total expenditure for capital outlay _ 492, 946 174, 094 94, 014 111,244 59,780 53, 815 VI. Expenditure for Debt Service: For redemption of short-term loans _ 76, 216 65, 005 4, 829 2, 941 2, 429 1,011 For redemption of school bonds: Paid from current funds _ _ 112, 976 42, 814 29, 976 18, 701 11,385 10, 101 Paid from sinking funds . . . 11,516 3, 732 2, 524 2,175 1,630 1,455 Paid by issue of new bonds . 518 57 355 30 77 For interest paid on indebtedness: Paid from current funds . . . 51,284 28, 536 7,894 7,389 4,791 2, 674 Paid from sinking funds _ 3, 087 233 935 763 717 439 For payment into school sinking funds . 19,504 8, 034 4, 454 3, 767 2, 269 978 For all other items of debt service... . . 6,016 675 189 2, 361 900 1,892 Total expenditure from current funds for debt service _ _ _ _ 265, 997 145, 064 47, 342 35, 160 21, 775 16, 657 VII. Grand Total of All Current E XPENDITURES . . . . . 3, 303, 841 1, 503, 719 580, 113 583, 996 344, 321 291, 692 VIII. Balances Carried to Following School Year: For current operations . . 356,872 99, 193 67, 813 90, 090 54,881 44, 895 For building reserves . . . . . . 453, 609 196,114 89,403 93, 418 36, 465 38, 209 For serial bond interest and redemption . 91, 092 50, 118 13,217 11,405 6, 851 9,501 Total of balances . 901, 573 345, 425 170, 433 194, 913 98, 198 92,605 IX. All Expenditures From Current Funds Plus Balances Carried Into Following Year . 4, 205, 415 1, 849, 144 750, 546 778, 909 442, 519 384,296 X. Bonds and Sinking Funds: School bonds outstanding at close of school year . . . . . 1, 760, 660 620, 542 378, 968 361, 132 227,448 172, 570 Other forms of school debt at close of school year _ _ _ _ _ _ 92,797 65, 355 10, 749 7,779 5, 517 3, 396 Total amount in school sinking funds at close of school year _ _ 69, 018 34, 043 12, 312 11,088 4, 683 6, 893 Total amount in interest and bond accounts at close of school year . 95, 187 27, 325 20, 432 18, 061 17, 865 11, 505 XI. Value of School Property: Total value _ _ _ 7, 590, 345 3, 359, 272 1, 274, 910 1, 422, 028 852, 525 681, 610 Value per pupil in average daily attendance (dollars) _ _ _ _ _ _ $688 $727 $685 $682 $636 $602 1 The 1950 United States census figures for population were not available for these 1949-50 tabulations. * Each figure has been independently rounded to the nearest thousand from figures computed to the last digit; hence, the sum of parts shown may differ slightly from the totals shown. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Length of* school year (days taught) Men Women Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1, 935 7,849 38, 836 142,325 2, 785,281 2,641,901 4, 623, 163 12 51 181 1,337 25, 435 25, 176 43, 203 180 216 1,079 5, 223 15,243 331, 454 296, 087 531, 678 21 42 435 1,080 • 32, 692 • 26, 405 38, 974 177 107 609 3,159 8, 560 7 195, 638 7 176, 543 314, 529 178 30 110 330 1,432 25, 549 24,763 48, 348 175 16 34 237 576 10, 477 9, 749 18, 696 170 18 94 413 1,308 25, 822 23, 655 41,875 178 24 8 190 •649 • 2, 287 41, 276 34, 972 69, 256 179 34 129 514 1,294 28, 906 27, 381 46,491 177 32 118 375 2, 075 31,978 31,106 55, 474 8 35 84 635 9, 903 10, 030 17,688 180 7 «31 •136 •723 11,100 10, 538 18, 274 180 17 52 155 717 10, 975 10, 538 19, 512 181 12 20 120 431 6,416 6,127 11,734 184 41 168 602 2, 790 48, 321 49, 243 84, 729 176 11 64 260 1,391 25, 534 24, 888 43, 263 180 94 413 2,429 11, 028 217,468 201,214 373, 263 83 379 2, 273 10, 554 209, 093 193, 159 359, 235 190 11 34 156 474 8, 375 8, 055 14, 028 185 62 194 967 2, 892 58, 014 56, 503 97, 259 11 24 169 396 8, 022 7, 756 13, 632 182 8 14 22 142 555 11,158 10, 815 19,677 187 28 124 494 1,583 30, 983 30, 490 50, 543 175 9 24 162 358 7, 851 7, 442 13, 407 174 10 33 217 758 15, 933 15, 464 26, 620 180 18 82 280 1,186 25, 991 24, 753 43, 721 8 38 136 493 11,813 11,265 20, 136 173 10 44 144 693 14, 178 13, 488 23, 585 177 12 65 295 1,239 19, 811 19, 493 37, 515 182 21 89 333 1,667 31, 574 32,495 52, 573 182 70 134 822 3, 212 63, 826 60, 433 102, 770 184 Group I of this table. Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Adminis¬ tration (general control) 10 $37,271,205 148, 561 5, 594, 885 483, 641 3, 379, 958 426, 462 190, 351 435, 855 678, 618 503, 903 314, 249 48, 029 135, 522 130, 698 192, 369 577, 509 214, 943 3, 513, 703 3, 391, 084 122, 619 366, 021 42, 423 116, 996 142,108 64,494 216, 449 251, 607 95, 257 156, 350 291, 856 146, 601 780, 272 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 data for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 POPULATION OR MORE Cubbent expenditures FOB— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools only Total4 (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Operation Main¬ 1 O Lai tenance Supervisors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 (10,831,031 (45, 169,278 (711,425,443 (24,925,900 (34,277,204 (826,628,856 (116,389,641 (61,208, 784 (1, 184, 561 1 2 60, 329 218, 771 4, 158, 903 113,642 101,432 4, 643, 078 420,895 269,052 5, 636 3 1, 316, 221 6, 536, 263 85, 017, 490 4, 934, 712 5, 841,024 103, 645, HO 12, 374, 455 7, 977, 524 154,817 4 127, 735 259, 834 6, 343, 490 513, 902 364, 344 7, 609, 305 953, 124 447, 492 10, 639 5 698, 155 3, 949, 841 49, 353, 404 2, 987, 434 3, 247, 963 60. 236, 797 6, 682, 755 4, 817,174 89, 939 6 143, 011 495, 607 6, 970,116 343, 058 510, 021 8, 461, 813 1,103, 514 652. 783 13, 529 7 66, 850 220, 918 3, 270, 472 184, 066 265, 251 4, 007, 557 640, 840 274, 454 5, 487 8 91, 999 379, 286 6, 477, 068 12, 602, 940 412, 470 493, 782 540, 391 7, 901,214 991,956 2, 002, 266 485, 054 11, 300 9 188, 471 1,230, 777 913, 054 15, 429, 024 1, 300, 567 23, 923 10 11 160, 879 709, 801 6, 609, 532 355, 265 383, 178 8, 218, 650 845, 221 804,828 12,940 12 158, 061 626,428 8, 849, 307 257, 449 337, 875 10, 229, 121 1, 478, 390 560, 206 13, 532 13 47, 382 234, 444 2, 319, 019 39, 208 100, 275 2, 740, 329 392, 021 201, 709 3, 481 14 42,120 179, 841 3, 462, 069 163, 151 137, 634 3,984, 815 581, 769 188, 722 5,472 15 68,559 212, 143 3, 068, 219 55, 090 99, 966 3, 503, 977 504,600 169, 775 4,579 16 17 85,302 118, 466 2, 108, 224 57, 218 88,261 2, 457, 471 344, 594 61,469 3,249 18 19 219, 595 902,542 13, 097, 443 338, 813 628, 578 15, 186, 971 2, 994, 984 1,070, 997 22,320 20 21 45,523 296, 727 4, 559, 572 174, 537 115, 987 5, 192, 346 518, 939 399, 594 7,362 22 744, 246 2, 590, 965 57, 975, 642 2, 314, 677 3, 326, 297 66, 951,827 12, 950, 283 4, 246, 834 95,290 23 692, 239 2, 440, 700 55, 689, 664 2, 277, 302 3, 226, 544 64, 326, 449 12, 576, 328 3, 961, 764 91, 765 24 52,007 150, 265 2, 285, 978 37, 375 99, 753 2, 625, 378 373, 955 285, 070 3,525 25 316, 872 1, 069, 903 15,568,289 373, 443 424, 174 17, 752, 681 2, 804, 134 773,388 24, 632 27 60,000 140, 524 2, 481, 756 50, 595 60, 266 2. 793, 141 419, 141 113, 878 3, 510 28 63,980 136, 785 2, 630, 678 120, 894 147, 766 3, 100, 103 473, 779 181, 140 4, 220 29 137, 223 662, 570 8, 212,852 155, 590 174, 143 9, 342, 378 1, 485, 358 351, 581 13, 229 20 55, 669 130,024 2, 243, 003 46, 364 41, 999 2, 517, 059 425, 856 126, 789 3,673 3 31 65, 976 164, 676 3, 464, 020 58,696 147, 366 3, 900, 734 737, 785 343, 616 5,835 32 92, 098 420, 549 4, 753, 867 23. 570 296, 915 5, 586, 999 679, 137 512, 887 7,307 33 39, 148 196, 572 1,859, 012 23, 570 84, 400 2, 202. 702 359, 869 186, 478 3, 005 34 52, 950 223, 977 2, 894, 855 212, 515 3, 384, 297 319, 268 326, 409 4,302 35 36 67,200 387, 078 5, 699, 718 159, 706 250, 711 6, 564, 413 760,330 1, 017, 907 9,195 37 38 100, 836 407, 356 6, 297, 790 141,224 144, 619 7, 091, 825 624, 805 1, 015, 902 11, 131 39 40 430, 894 867, 139 15, 973, 686 270, 840 591, 169 18, 133, 728 2, 349, 158 i, 085, 773 25,722 41 School plant 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 Personnel and attendance in full-time DAT SCHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Length of school year * (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 77 308 1, 675 5,407 104, 670 96, 702 174, 075 1, 928, 262 5 105 814 2,162 52, 312 47, 412 83, 239 180 1,287, 211 6 20 156 345 6,142 5, 385 9,807 180 162, 428 13 31 52 368 6, 103 5, 478 10, 381 176 57, 361 15 56 337 4, 766 4,373 7,879 178 45, 025 21 33 46 431 5,770 5, 759 10, 245 180 62, 552 5 12 156 385 7,112 6, 776 11, 964 180 47, 847 16 31 134 597 9,364 8, 866 17, 261 181 143, 075 11 61 261 782 13, 101 12, 653 23, 299 180 122, 763 82 466 2,509 6,991 171, 783 157,496 271, 018 1, 750, 270 ii 64 389 12 2, 163 12 5, 712 13 145, 871 >3 132, 807 227, 597 186 1, 394, 212 6 38 175 710 14, 325 13, 822 24, 114 180 175, 194 18 12 i* 39 171 569 11, 587 10, 867 19, 307 183 i# 180, 864 61 171 716 3,193 61, 176 58, 130 104, 043 831, 934 12 23 115 461 8, 470 7,787 14, 481 174 92, 235 24 87 398 1,793 34, 150 32, 642 57, 952 180 451, 402 25 61 #203 #939 18, 556 17, 701 31, 610 179 288, 297 24 207 865 3,807 77, 973 76, 818 120, 178 1, 203, 041 16 95 344 1,553 29, 397 28, 242 49, 815 163 367, 797 8 112 521 2,254 # 48, 576 # 48, 576 70, 363 190 835, 244 14 53 156 899 16, 877 15, 997 28,992 182 203,035 127 189 1, 349 4,595 77, 566 73, 720 128, 240 1, 584, 052 3 26 107 498 8, 342 7,791 14, 127 182 118, 990 12 24 158 477 6, 530 6, 264 11,248 185 128, 791 24 45 250 953 16, 052 14, 669 25, 674 181 469, 746 73 43 494 1, 633 29, 610 29, 087 49, 141 184 606, 127 10 24 158 628 9,800 8, 871 15, 924 181 143, 293 5 27 182 406 7,232 7,038 12, 126 185 117, 105 313 1, 534 9,038 30, 082 561, 771 532, 474 920, 157 8, 086, 324 16 20 87 514 6, 910 6,305 11,092 182 65, 352 27 104 617 2, 295 36, 935 33, 172 61, 710 168 554. 752 76 1, 267 7,704 24, 242 468, 593 447, 919 764, 925 190 6, 947, 358 is H4 50 #287 #1,016 18, 135 16, 463 30, 266 182 269, 749 19 47 138 947 14, 424 13,110 23, 622 184 95, 921 22 16 81 484 6,793 6,205 11,395 180 46, 925 9 30 124 584 9,981 9,300 17, 147 179 106, 267 34 86 615 10, 307 10, 309 18, 662 180 56, 123 129 623 2,513 9,550 185, 206 179, 423 322, 131 1, 971, 782 12 58 250 1,121 19, 281 18, 912 32, 819 181 176, 536 5 27 152 470 8, 857 8, 793 16, 042 180 92, 912 25 99 453 1,591 31, 638 30, 131 52, 829 189 458, 682 40 8 214 692 2,539 54, 962 52, 766 94, 286 184 616, 810 11 « 75 333 1,102 23, 643 23, 451 41, 349 183 161, 827 5 8 64 227 961 17, 102 16, 772 30, 444 177 189, 610 21 52 228 1,046 18, 451 17, 325 33, 872 184 201, 102 10 34 #178 #710 11, 272 11, 273 20, 490 181 74, 303 37 120 389 2,085 41, 586 40, 021 68, 641 310, 886 21 76 199 1,262 22, 792 22, 010 37, 256 177 163, 544 16 44 190 823 18, 794 18, 011 32, 385 176 147,342 of Group I of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949—50 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools only School plant Supervisors Salaries a Principals .nd wages Teachers Clerks Other 3 Total Operation Main¬ tenance i oral * (in thou¬ sands) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 325, 050 1, 571, 220 28, 656, 754 521, 013 1,461,956 32, 535,993 4, 719, 785 3, 183, 961 45, 025 42 28, 560 664, 933 14, 571,673 357, 534 822, 903 16, 445, 603 2, 093, 265 2, 188, 498 io 23, 836 43 31,800 87, 500 1, 842, 558 15, 600 33, 370 2, 010, 828 297, 732 30, 711 2, 669 44 45,500 124,000 80, 000 126, 221 1, 393, 225 64, 828 1, 627, 553 1, 658, 268 1,595,391 232, 612 315, 410 201,704 12, 213 75, 303 2, 193 2, 066 45 i; 516; 452 1,346, 334 61,816 46 69,342 12, 236 41, 258 293, 271 io 2, 157 47 23,182 63, 105 1, 903, 494 19, 242 81,832 2, 090, 855 286, 262 147, 363 2, 689 48 74, 176 162, 936 2, 939, 569 25, 000 222, 147 3, 423, 828 629, 643 279, 226 4,605 49 52, 490 262, 525 3, 143, 449 91,401 133, 802 3, 683, 667 571, 590 248, 943 4, 810 50 405, 285 2, 877, 728 39, 773, 031 1, 235, 058 1, 278, 105 45, 569, 207 7, 596, 667 2, 987, 214 71, 617 51 313, 318 2, 443, 576 33, 463, 411 1, 063, 905 769, 073 38, 053, 283 6, 124, 255 2, 211,197 i< 60, 827 52 25, 367 228, 933 3, 251,684 88,120 160, 932 3, 755, 036 763, 787 309, 915 5,583 53 i* 66, 600 205, 219 3, 057, 936 83,033 348, 100 3, 760, 888 708, 625 466, 102 5, 207 54 323, 812 966, 176 15, 318, 526 590, 615 781, 540 17, 980, 669 3, 609, 698 1, 708, 459 26, 884 55 43, 342 107, 748 2, 025, 888 64, 873 137, 963 2, 379, 814 477, 828 197, 816 i« 3, 626 56 180, 020 495, 175 8, 855, 616 412,383 411, 589 10, 354, 783 2, 187, 709 1,019, 819 16, 126 57 100, 450 363, 253 4, 437, 022 113, 359 231,988 5, 246, 072 944, 161 490, 824 io 7, 132 58 118, 571 1,096,152 16, 375, 038 380, 267 1, 083, 810 19, 053,838 2, 963, 368 2, 247, 169 29,634 59 77, 571 425, 563 6, 440, 133 151,425 342, 668 7, 437, 360 1,052, 468 375, 988 11, 566 60 41,000 670, 589 9, 934, 905 228,842 741, 142 11, 616, 478 1, 910, 900 1, 871, 181 18, 068 61 62 70, 546 256, 112 3,440,509 81,604 192, 716 4, 041, 487 653, 084 341, 299 5, 626 63 759, 679 1, 153, 230 23, 415, 669 951,370 1, 101, 798 27, 381,746 4, 154, 540 2,743,887 40, 030 64 18, 669 110, 488 1, 370, 931 42, 884 37, 195 1, 580, 167 325, 053 299, 570 2,418 65 65, 193 152, 079 2, 275, 709 99, 894 142, 746 2, 735, 621 426, 796 277, 586 3, 740 66 153, 138 288, 492 5, 190, 985 305, 532 171, 779 6, 109, 926 1, 042, 361 864, 898 10, 004 67 450, 389 337, 880 9, 705, 900 356, 815 530, 366 11,381,350 1,491,655 829, 246 16, 220 68 37, 700 114, 541 2, 634, 991 61, 174 115, 000 2, 963, 406 436, 120 172, 212 3, 983 69 34, 590 149, 750 2, 237, 153 85, 071 104, 712 2, 611, 276 432, 555 300, 375 3, 665 70 1, 869, 712 10, 052, 658 170, 218, 348 5, 772, 685 6, 614, 021 194, 527, 424 22, 725, 869 11,008,085 276, 360 71 84, 990 95,654 1,848,066 64,660 116, 413 2, 209, 783 301, 380 141,901 3,003 72 140,000 574, 818 8, 835, 033 249, 940 321,560 10,121,351 2, 357,117 822, 562 17, 350 73 672, 570 8, 596, 618 146, 126, 065 5, 020, 342 5, 687, 348 166, 102, 943 17, 182, 264 8, 804, 526 232, 760 74 670, 927 276, 762 4, 998, 402 207, 076 176, 317 6, 329, 484 1, 286, 698 609, 200 9, 529 75 139, 610 217, 060 3, 719,492 1, 787, 966 89, 017 158, 439 4, 323, 618 818, 689 399, 577 6,381 76 97,454 77, 840 39, 559 62, 107 2, 064, 926 338, 519 99, 379 2, 825 77 64,161 213, 906 2, 903, 324 102, 091 91,837 3,375,319 441,202 130, 940 4, 512 78 79 172, 968 2, 335, 718 35,817 67,809 2,612,312 186,889 141, 470 3,172 80 705, 230 3, 239,411 45, 854, 367 1, 343, 060 2, 148, 440 53, 290, 508 8,991,529 4, 516, 543 76, 678 81 44, 772 278, 795 5, 104, 446 2, 190, 106 152, 053 231,415 5, 811,481 829, 802 750, 157 8, 213 82 26, 903 140, 853 27, 745 142, 795 2, 528, 402 440, 740 309, 487 3, 528 83 140, 920 587, 803 8, 371, 030 265, 710 318, 979 9, 684, 442 1,457, 372 686, 381 13, 839 84 250,033 1, 155, 819 13, 162, 713 560, 528 517, 247 15, 646, 340 3, 076, 017 1, 345, 520 22, 972 85 42, 110 344, 413 4, 911,718 54,428 264, 548 5, 617, 217 967, 202 255, 454 7, 739 86 28,680 280, 197 4, 463, 008 66, 496 244, 779 5, 083, 160 774, 527 554, 093 7, 889 87 115, 765 288, 081 4, 688, 838 143, 961 270, 109 5, 506, 754 967, 379 415, 821 7,933 88 56, 047 163, 450 2, 962, 508 72, 139 158, 568 3, 412, 712 478, 490 199, 630 4,565 89 145r126 488, 027 7, 790, 975 266, 837 311, 136 9, 002, 101 1, 109, 138 748, 288 11,637 90 » 73, 500 »• 266, 000 4, 337, 305 111,132 150, 569 4, 938, 506 589,500 292, 270 6, 226 91 71,626 235 222, 027 726—53— 3, 453, 670 - 5 155, 705 160, 567 4, 063, 595 519, 638 456, 0181 5,411 92 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 City Personnel and ATTENDANCE IN FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Princi¬ pals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Length of 9 school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 93 Oregon . . . 94 Portland . . 17 80 388 1, 555 28,093 28, 094 47,002 183 358, 926 95 PENNSYLVANIA-.- 178 436 2,846 8, 998 180, 047 174, 569 298, 135 2, 859, 529 96 Erie _ 14 24 117 479 8,036 8, 039 14, 126 180 138, 607 97 Philadelphia . . 90 8 273 1,948 5,744 121, 844 117, 527 193, 918 187 211,624, 521 98 Pittsburgh - 42 99 ' 547 1,863 2« 35, 612 2° 34, 444 63, 199 198 22 861, 227 99 Reading . . . 16 11 140 401 6, 913 6, 916 12, 704 189 112,603 100 Scranton _ 16 29 94 511 9 7, 642 9 7, 643 14, 188 189 23 122, 571 101 Rhode Island... 102 Providence . 13 50 213 868 14, 725 13, 823 24,184 180 249,393 103 Tennessee _ 39 177 479 3,141 59, 352 59, 086 102, 819 303, 790 104 Chattanooga _ 9 40 95 636 11, 398 11,439 19, 835 175 44, 268 105 Knoxville . . 5 42 119 599 10, 709 10, 461 18, 362 180 85, 827 106 Memphis . 7 51 145 1,180 24, 804 24, 997 42, 819 177 100, 149 107 Nashville _ 18 44 120 726 12, 441 12, 189 21, 803 180 73, 546 108 Texas . . 41 349 1,057 6, 544 126, 238 121, 728 212, 309 1, 122, 675 109 Dallas _ 12 74 284 1,572 31, 589 30, 145 50, 957 177 »1 2 * 4 * 6 7 8 383, 508 no Fort Worth _ 10 67 181 1,183 21,116 20, 663 34, 748 174 25 236, 612 ill Houston . . . 17 126 405 2, 524 48, 273 47,112 85, 435 173 256, 348 112 San Antonio _ 2 882 187 1,265 25, 260 23,808 41, 169 176 246, 207 113 Utah . 114 Salt Lake City _ 8 43 203 797 16, 881 16, 170 29,447 178 144,805 115 Virginia _ 29 96 262 1,961 30, 652 29, 486 51, 037 189, 795 116 Norfolk _ 14 47 104 887 13, 842 13, 280 22, 515 180 94, 025 117 Richmond . . . 15 49 158 1,074 16, 810 16, 206 28, 522 180 95, 770 118 Washington.. . 61 176 727 2, 861 54, 859 53, 461 92, 708 529, 665 119 Seattle . . . 25 38 86 393 1,601 32,363 31,491 52, 749 187 315, 357 120i Spokane . . . 10 46 186 666 12, 205 11,899 20,690 180 98, 162 121 Tacoma . 13 44 148 594 10, 291 10, 071 19, 269 173 116, 146 122 Wisconsin _ 123 Milwaukee . 40 98 747 1,833 34, 858 34,031 59, 092 184 473, 990 1 Includes teachers and other personnel rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided half or more than half of their employment time is given to such instructional work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that children were taught. * Includes instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books, and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians. The expenditure for textbooks furnished gratis to indigent pupils, only, is classified as an auxiliary services item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes amounts shown in columns 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 18, plus amounts not shown but re¬ ported by city school systems as expenditures for the following current accounts: Auxiliary school services; fixed charges, community services to public and nonpublic schools paid from school district funds; and adult and summer schools. This total figure covers all school current expenditures whether or not same are directly allocable as a charge against per pupil in average daily attendance cost for the public-school system reporting. 6 Includes Long Beach City, Signal Hill City, Avalon City, Catalina Island, and unincorporated areas. 8 Includes in these two figures the enrollment of 16,993 students on the junior college level reported by Long Beach, Calif., under net registrations. Of this number, however, only 5,107 students are reported in average daily attendance. Thus, the average daily attendance of the junior college students is but 30 pupils of each 100 enrolled as compared to the average daily attendance reported for the 3 lower levels, or from kindergarten through high school, of 80 pupils for each 100 enrolled. 7 Includes in these two figures a total of 39,280 students reported on the junior college level, of which num¬ ber 18,499 were reported in average daily attendance, or only 47 students of each 100 reported enrolled. The average daily attendance reported for the pupils enrolled in the educational levels from kindergarten through high school was around 89 pupils in each 100 enrolled in the Los Angeles, Calif., city school system. 8 Includes vice-principals, and/or assistant principals. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools only School plant Total4 Salaries and wages (in thou¬ Other® Total Operation Main¬ tenance sands) Supervisors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 93 98, 380 468, 712 6, 844, 626 262, 404 354,080 8, 028, 202 1, 052, 644 742, 192 11,423 94 968, 683 2, 351,785 41, 531, 138 1, 604, 809 2, 532, 383 48, 988, 798 8, 399, 276 4, 091,015 70, 530 95 90, 848 114, 999 1, 939, 607 76, 294 143, 518 2, 365, 266 451,434 196, 137 3, 558 96 552, 060 1, 512, 386 27, 080, 699 1, 130, 480 1,339, 058 31,614, 683 4, 820, 793 2, 215, 602 44, 438 97 205, 367 550, 722 8, 594, 617 316, 971 793, 620 10, 461,297 2, 181, 900 1, 229, 367 15, 915 98 57, 261 59, 110 1, 878, 172 55,336 146, 060 2, 195, 939 493, 905 168, 355 3, 192 99 63, 147 114, 568 2, 038, 043 25, 728 110, 127 2, 351, 613 451,244 218, 554 3, 427 100 101 74, 705 266, 139 4, 103, 039 133, 037 151, 394 4, 728, 314 884, 844 235, 209 6,223 102 193, 674 892, 651 10, 526, 394 148, 670 627, 140 12, 388, 529 1, 181, 542 847, 765 16,062 103 41, 906 193, 738 2, 017, 682 49, 195 73, 822 2, 376, 343 184, 913 93, 037 2, 869 104 27, 900 277, 200 2, 188, 877 87, 546 2, 581, 523 301, 899 223, 191 3, 821 105 41,160 222, 986 3,608,115 36, 004 227, 057 4, 135, 322 376, 533 365, 246 5, 344 106 82, 708 198, 727 2, 711, 720 63, 471 238, 715 3, 295, 341 318, 197 166, 291 4,028 107 249, 152 1, 802, 559 27, 952, 998 813, 466 873,800 31,691,975 2, 811, 286 1,836,435 39, 619 108 63, 383 405, 137 7, 076, 962 171,905 164, 606 7,881,993 676, 897 499, 128 10, 588 109 59, 300 361, 500 4, 925, 495 121, 986 293, 632 5, 761,913 487, 444 358, 363 7, 561 110 114, 469 660, 279 10, 680, 029 377, 691 325, 413 12, 157, 881 1,081,402 651, 148 14,365 111 12, 000 375,643 5, 270, 512 144, 884 90, 149 5,890, 188 565, 543 327, 796 7, 105 112 113 45, 090 202, 137 3, 066, 831 75, 131 379, 910 3, 769, 099 438, 053 280, 070 4,888 114 166, 477 482, 952 6, 717, 740 174, 928 407, 948 7, 950, 045 915, 714 627, 906 10,283 115 84, 617 216,077 2, 791,493 67, 805 130, 569 3, 290, 561 420, 824 378, 091 4, 458 116 81, 860 266, 875 3, 926, 247 107, 123 277, 379 4, 659, 484 494, 890 249,815 5,825 117 239, 325 948, 745 13,301,825 498, 249 687, 728 15, 675, 872 2,460,029 1,356,454 22, 685 118 131,311 497, 765 7, 424, 781 312, 090 376, 082 8, 742, 029 1, 474, 468 845, 386 13, 219 119 47, 166 224, 136 3, 142, 936 84, 472 182, 682 3, 681, 392 535, 312 218, 191 4,912 120 60,848 226, 844 2, 734, 108 101, 687 128, 964 3, 252, 451 450, 249 292, 877 4, 554 121 122 218, 502 563, 252 10, 068, 434 463, 087 543, 904 11,857,179 1, 652, 576 1,425,386 17, 217 123 9 Distribution by sex not reported. Total has been divided on basis of previous biennial reports to this Office. 10 All data reported on basis of calendar year ending December 31, 1949. 11 Includes 17 deans and assistant deans serving Wayne University. i* Includes 572 positions composing teaching staff of Wayne University. Of this number 438 were filled by men, and 134 by women faculty members. 13 Enrollment figures include 30,859 students reported for Wayne University. Of this number, 14,817 are reported in average daily attendance, e. g., of each 100 students enrolled there is an average of 48 stude nts in attendance daily. The percent of enrollment in average daily attendance for the lower levels from kinder¬ garten through high school is 85.6, or around 86 pupils of each 100 enrolled. 14 Includes $7,913,089 expenditures on account of Wayne University, part of the Detroit, Mich., city public- school system. is Number of positions and salary amounts estimated on basis of previous reporting, and amounts given as salary expenditure for current year. 16 For fiscal year ending July 31, 1950. 17 Includes data on all items for Kansas City, Mo., Public Junior College. 11 Includes a large number of “staff teachers.” 19 Estimated on basis of 1947-48 data. 20 Includes 146 boys and 138 girls classified as “Special Parochial Part-Time.” 21 Includes $597,078 charged against Administration for tax collection of school revenue. 22 Includes $279, 915 charged against administration for tax collection of school revenue. 23 Includes $50,508 charged against administration for tax collection of school revenue. 24 Includes $152,923 charged against administration for collection of school taxes. 25 Includes tax collection charge. Amount not specified. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year* (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United 1,479 3, 509 16, 945 61, 930 1,075,417 1,036,878 1,859,880 $13, 241, 560 Gadsden _ _ 3 12 24 243 4,938 4, 850 8, 819 176 17, 844 Arizona _ 17 69 245 1, 080 21, 778 20, 752 34, 821 299, 705 Phoenix: Elementary District. 9 21 72 382 6, 961 6,706 10, 726 170 96,753 High School Dis- 3 8 20 198 205 5, 489 4, 718 8, 357 173 137, 764 trict.5 8 Tucson _ 5 28 155 493 7 9, 328 7 9, 328 15, 739 174 65, 188 11 30 81 679 12, 528 12, 051 20, 538 100, 598 Fort Smith. . . 3 10 35 225 4,611 4, 261 7,110 174 31,314 Little Rock _ 8 20 46 454 7, 917 7, 790 13, 428 176 69, 284 California _ 92 403 2, 108 5,759 117, 472 109,929 202, 475 2, 012, 848 Alameda . . . . 6 21 70 242 7 4, 688 7 4, 690 9, 103 175 78, 920 Alhambra . . 9 12 106 295 7 4, 982 7 4, 983 9, 811 175 146, 292 Berkeley . . . 10 20 182 328 6, 081 5, 729 11, 566 175 143, 573 Burbank _ 11 26 96 366 6, 675 6, 553 13, 002 177 100, 467 Fresno _ : _ 5 32 195 572 12, 731 12, 881 20, 770 175 133, 562 Glendale . 6 39 183 471 9, 053 8, 059 16, 342 177 186, 223 Inglewood: Elementary District- 14 26 168 2, 616 2, 535 4, 121 174 70, 576 High School District . 3 90 83 2,439 2, 450 4, 336 175 57, 658 Montebello . . 31 119 338 6, 596 6, 241 12, 203 177 123, 301 Pasadena 88 _ - 17 50 212 604 16, 455 14, 042 24,313 175 294, 711 Riverside _ 20 120 247 5, 620 5, 054 8, 179 171 64, 126 San Bernardino _ 11 34 140 484 8, 103 8, 078 15, 473 171 138, 262 San Jose _ 8 22 152 380 8,243 7, 582 14, 737 178 132, 282 Santa Ana _ 3 22 104 255 4,686 4, 389 7,935 175 67, 107 Santa Barbara _ 4 15 96 214 3, 308 3, 138 6,115 176 62, 854 Santa Monica 8 9. _ 2 12 107 253 5,299 4, 391 7, 668 176 95, 418 Stockton89 . . 30 110 459 9, 897 9, 134 16, 801 175 117, 516 Colorado _ 12 38 133 574 11, 184 10, 831 19, 574 116, 905 Colorado Springs _ 8 18 73 219 4, 262 4, 097 7, 973 180 42, 277 Pueblo . . 4 20 60 355 6, 922 6,734 11, 601 180 74, 628 Connecticut 51 113 465 2,330 35, 520 33, 825 62, 097 347, 488 Bristol _ _ _ 2 10 38 186 2, 515 2, 587 4, 695 180 29, 021 Meriden _ 5 9 38 148 7 2, 303 7 2, 305 4, 131 180 22, 482 New Britain _ 11 16 69 348 4, 972 4, 769 9, 044 180 41, 448 New London _ 3 5 9 112 1,619 1, 647 2,731 182 17, 113 Norwalk . . 5 6 40 237 3, 662 3, 527 6,604 180 22, 938 Norwich . . . 5 4 3 136 1,877 1,676 3, 057 180 15, 582 Stamford . . 7 15 99 342 5, 521 5, 391 9, 566 181 80, 261 Water bury _ 7 24 99 446 7, 176 6, 132 11, 894 182 62, 607 West Hartford... . 2 13 52 181 3, 166 3, 229 5, 551 180 37, 326 West Haven _ 4 11 18 194 2, 709 2, 535 4, 824 182 18, 710 Illinois _ 117 283 1,300 4, 674 78, 220 74, 918 135, 301 1, 286, 444 Alton . . . 5 16 45 210 3, 715 3,687 6, 576 186 37,864 Aurora: East Side District-.. 1 8 35 125 2, 466 2, 269 4, 070 190 20, 606 West Side District- .. 6 21 89 1, 518 1, 459 2, 559 190 23, 212 Berwyn: Elementary Dis¬ 4 6 61 852 763 1, 456 185 22,397 trict No. 98. Elementary Dis¬ 3 7 4 76 7 1, 195 7 1, 193 2,010 188 11,658 trict No. 100. footnotes at end of Group II of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total * (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 $6,973,948 $17,425, 152 $271,670,223 $6, 931, 338 $16,978,964 $319,979,625 $47,297, 325 $24, 024, 873 $438, 758 1 2 9,279 43,943 599, 178 15, 266 667, 666 93, 146 36,645 914 3 95, 785 385, 091 6, 087, 075 189, 234 635,052 7, 392, 237 1, 023, 834 419, 818 9,443 4 50, 880 109, 860 1, 856, 399 25, 671 102, 299 2, 145, 109 223, 958 131, 150 2,640 5 18,600 118, 811 1, 814, 981 120, 589 383, 959 2, 456, 940 535, 593 131, 881 3, 364 6 26,305 156, 420 2, 415, 695 42, 974 148, 794 2, 790, 188 264,283 156, 787 3,439 7 44. 525 146, 394 1, 989, 378 69, 945 81,380 2, 331, 622 250, 395 96, 461 2, 970 8 12, 050 38, 300 634, 155 27. 049 43, 870 755, 424 74. 785 43, 512 1,032 9 32, 475 108, 094 1, 355, 223 42, 896 37, 510 1, 576, 198 175, 610 52, 949 1,938 10 497, 261 2, 358, 286 31, 509, 616 1, 625, 144 2, 685, 204 38, 675, 511 4, 988! 893 2,475. 920 54, 116 11 35, 440 120, 586 1, 141, 849 43. 623 138, 516 1, 480, 014 233, 696 155, 739 2, 125 12 30, 800 93, 100 1,581,680 74, 641 106, 237 1,886, 458 230, 047 96, 358 2, 668 13 37. 285 117, 599 1, 762, 783 112, 226 159, 178 2, 189, 071 420, 602 188, 331 3, 494 14 56, 085 191, 893 1, 752, 962 99, 358 155, 534 2, 255, 832 296, 649 176, 042 3, 153 15 53. 210 174, 507 2, 792, 834 110, 576 216, 126 3, 347, 253 467, 256 308. 484 4, 469 16 35, 712 217, 245 2, 718, 033 125, 306 209, 597 3, 305, 893 435, 604 182, 389 4, 452 17 82. Ill 695, 021 33, 542 42, 339 853, 013 94, 121 33, 218 1, 140 18 17, 400 738, 324 76, 232 91, 360 923, 316 164, 989 75, 419 1,418 19 161, 840 1, 639, 135 76, 164 132, 070 2, 009, 209 256, 143 106, 097 2, 739 20 96,140 242, 513 4, 055, 442 398, 461 257, 928 5, 050, 484 598, 986 271, 630 7,262 21 105,000 1. 551, 583 180. 841 1, 837, 424 203, 948 76, 163 2, 580 22 51, 331 190, 243 2. 056, 329 134, 633 128, 607 2, 561, 143 302, 192 147, 712 3, 560 23 47, 281 132, 800 2, 679, 855 223, 894 96, 101 3, 179, 931 400, 442 253, 303 4, 356 24 17, 963 147, 445 1, 166, 238 74, 259 92. 313 1, 498, 218 232, 926 84, 079 2, 205 25 24, 014 112, 004 1,117, 939 42, 229 94, 187 1, 390, 373 185, 622 73, 580 2, 093 26 12,000 72, 000 1, 788, 028 250, 251 2, 122, 279 184. 938 137, 770 2, 891 27 180,000 2, 271, 581 334, 019 2, 785, 600 280, 732 109, 606 3, 511 28 55, 314 172, 802 2,087, 247 76, 256 200, 076 2, 591. 695 310, 748 241, 419 3,657 29 40, 000 89, 779 896,844 38, 204 111,773 1, 176, 600 128, 463 149, 274 1,696 30 15, 314 83, 023 1, 190, 403 38, 052 88, 303 1, 415, 095 182, 285 92, 145 1, 963 31 238, 475 575, 304 9, 978, 143 198, 824 607, 313 11, 598, 059 1, 563, 765 676, 893 15, 740 32 8, 400 50, 850 793, 134 27, 752 43, 274 923,410 141, 173 20, 989 1,200 33 23, 838 49, 579 665, 663 13.681 50. 504 803, 265 117, 474 44, 067 1,028 34 64. 530 74,800 1,313, 417 28, 698 101. 575 1, 583, 020 216, 990 87, 398 2,131 35 12. 894 24, 096 376, 612 11,611 16, 703 441,916 51, 554 15, 605 935 36 27,918 30. 015 1, 062, 715 15, 646 69, 714 1, 206, 008 159, 808 54,516 1, 572 37 14,317 16,315 415, 922 30, 655 477, 209 62, 780 17, 739 895 38 30, 210 94. 499 1, 919, 133 39, 478 106, 674 2, 189, 994 298. 358 185, 897 2,882 39 29, 590 111,550 1, 963, 373 22, 634 82, 912 2, 210, 059 299, 251 135, 082 2, 830 40 8, 148 60,850 825, 671 28, 732 80, 485 1, 003, 886 138, 166 85, 883 1, 331 41 18, 630 62, 750 642, 503 10, 592 24, 817 759, 292 78, 211 29, 717 936 1 42 551,917 1, 413, 978 21, 346, 181 419, 470 1, 451, 861 25, 183, 407 4, 312, 729 2, 221, 879 35,331 43 20, 700 63, 658 740, 010 15. 924 158, 459 998, 751 146, 544 180, 317 1, 562 44 5,000 39, 931 563, 000 10, 904 37, 130 655, 965 122, 019 40, 479 873 45 30, 000 396, 789 6,000 15,470 447, 259 63,841 21,689 589 46 10 20, 000 210, 583 10, 833 241,416 24, 242 10, 146 300 47 i® 15, 000 » 35, 000 254, 301 13, 012 317, 313 56, 151 18, 451 414 48 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAT SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Illinois— Con. 49 Bloomington _ 7 13 41 153 i 2, 090 1 2, 089 3,708 185 34,398 Cicero: 50 Elementary District. 6 12 9 191 2, 814 2,608 4,948 185 38, 742 51 High-School Dis- 12 3 113 98 2, 754 2,167 4, 292 180 59, 735 trict. 52 Danville . . . 6 15 45 211 3, 390 3,243 5,767 191 41, 614 53 Decatur.. - - 7 20 89 317 5, 854 5,644 10, 097 185 49, 252 54 East St. Louis _ 12 19 81 364 7, 087 6,813 12, 031 183 97, 623 55 Elgin . . . 2 16 52 203 3, 103 2,982 5,556 185 26, 934 Evanston: 56 Elementary Dis- 9 11 17 210 l 2, 130 1 2, 130 3,557 190 29,791 trict No. 75. 57 Elementary Dis- 1 4 7 78 1,024 1,041 1,741 187 25, 862 trict No. 76. 58 High-School Dis- 2 81 65 1,391 1,182 2,423 186 37, 486 trict No. 202. Joliet: 59 Elementary Dis¬ 3 13 12 203 ■> 2, 920 1 2, 919 5,084 185 34, 194 trict No. 86. 60 High-School Dis¬ 1 6 86 68 1, 527 1, 393 2,731 176 26, 691 trict. Maywood-Melrose Park: 61 Elementary Dis¬ 4 8 10 110 1, 810 1, 650 2,900 189 25,690 trict. 62 High-School Dis¬ 1 73 68 1, 778 1, 662 3,135 185 60,964 trict. 63 Moline _ 5 14 55 214 3, 475 3,276 5,795 187 39, 183 Oak Park: 64 Elementary Dis¬ 6 11 15 216 2,292 2, 224 4,085 181 w 75, 495 trict. 65 High-School Dis¬ 8 2 60 61 1 1, 327 1 1, 329 2,481 183 65, 232 trict. 66 Quincy . . 4 14 47 170 2, 448 2, 466 4, 498 179 27, 355 67 Rockford. . . . 5 13 116 379 * 6, 382 1 6, 381 11, 878 174 103, 964 68 Rock Island . . 1 13 47 194 3, 654 3, 524 6, 276 185 36, 094 69 Springfield _ 9 21 63 363 5,999 5,812 10, 076 196 133, 774 Waukegan: 70 Elementary Dis¬ 10 15 128 2,086 1,929 3, 479 185 42,501 trict. 71 High-School Dis¬ 1 55 49 1,139 1, 083 2,092 185 58,133 trict. 72 Indiana . 55 131 845 2, 175 45, 508 43, 346 75, 467 438, 439 73 Anderson . . 6 8 85 184 4,257 4, 080 6, 912 188 41, 887 74 East Chicago . 11 10 81 206 3,705 3, 657 6,443 182 53, 455 75 Elkhart . . . 3 13 68 153 3, 212 3,187 5, 710 181 39, 399 76 ' Evansville . 10 30 200 416 9,213 8,644 14, 509 179 79, 274 77 Hammond . . 3 18 129 395 7,315 6, 894 12, 396 180 63, 730 78 i Kokomo . 6 9 59 187 3, 424 3, 269 5,884 174 30, 946 79 ' Muncie . . . 6 18 102 224 5,664 5,348 8,915 180 40, 381 80 i Richmond - - 5 7 60 161 3,601 3, 467 6, 055 190 36, 942 81 Terre Haute _ _ 5 18 61 249 5,117 4,800 8,643 181 52, 423 82 : Iowa . . 53 109 408 1, 947 30, 595 29, 939 53, 458 312, 874 83 i Cedar Rapids.. _ 9 19 76 365 5, 063 4, 798 8, 377 180 61, 139 84 Council Bluffs _ 1 13 46 226 i 4, 152 4, 144 7, 231 182 37, 140 85 i Davenport... . . 11 13 76 281 4, 587 4, 642 8,790 181 59, 263 86 i Dubuque _ 5 i 12 38 137 1, 974 1, 893 3, 406 182 35, 762 87 ’ Ottumwa. . 7 16 36 202 3, 471 3,408 5,963 180 35, 204 88 » Sioux City . . 10 i 20 76 457 6, 453 6,345 11,314 181 54, 764 89 • Waterloo. . 10 i 16 60 i 279 1 4, 895 4,709 8,377 180 29, 602 See footnotes at end of Group II of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total * (in thou¬ Other 3 Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 32, 083 55, 400 611, 624 14, 786 44, 512 758, 405 115, 196 34, 634 1, 021 49 19, 850 49, 450 540, 718 42, 504 652, 522 135, 538 81,442 964 50 60, 000 io 15, 000 842, 888 46, 306 71, 196 1, 035, 390 125, 939 45, 521 1, 464 51 28, 850 71, 368 902, 004 19, 694 35,284 1, 057, 200 183, 303 63, 637 1,428 52 30, 537 109, 463 1, 545, 420 21,880 96, 861 1,804, 161 239, 520 175, 941 2,411 53 44, 417 88, 768 1, 476, 803 2,200 105, 703 1,717,891 375, 276 267, 007 2,547 54 io 10, 000 io 90, 000 857, 028 21, 702 72, 015 1, 050, 745 137, 074 78,728 1,344 55 45, 323 54,542 709, 165 36, 065 845, 095 123, 138 116, 493 1,222 56 4,075 14, 787 307, 286 30, 763 356, 911 65, 122 25, 191 506 57 io 14, 000 584,446 23,500 43, 980 665, 926 130, 319 62, 683 1, 041 58 19, 313 63, 398 796, 208 25, 865 904, 784 159, 394 35, 689 1,205 59 6,750 31, 404 720, 896 50,569 77, 161 886, 780 196, 829 51, 743 1, 261 60 20,396 40, 796 400, 010 15, 771 32, 139 509, 112 92, 570 2,763 654 61 6,733 599, 533 20,263 47, 150 673, 679 139, 449 117, 339 1,061 62 21, 418 60, 617 837, 388 19, 864 34, 159 973, 446 172, 565 52, 892 1,354 63 io 33, 000 71, 500 839, 326 12, 000 23, 726 979, 552 164, 465 52, 859 1, 310 64 47,490 12,000 588, 468 36,542 684, 500 192, 910 121, 875 1,096 65 12, 699 53, 583 724, 715 20,286 49, 980 861, 263 103, 522 99, 449 1,148 66 25, 433 89,644 1, 766, 481 63, 695 74, 671 2, 019, 924 481, 711 157, 139 2, 959 67 5, 683 52, 836 865, 473 18, 374 36, 603 978, 969 137, 400 92, 256 1,319 68 43,900 123, 850 1, 679, 620 16, 752 116, 987 1, 981, 109 253, 658 109, 859 2,655 69 49, 450 533, 823 26, 718 609, 991 86, 637 45,681 807 70 6,800 452, 175 56, 373 515, 348 88, 397 59, 976 816 71 249, 096 725, 074 12, 277, 827 262, 805 375, 474 13, 890, 276 2, 007, 367 969, 199 18, 557 72 22,728 30, 307 1, 121, 269 20, 917 41, 611 1, 236, 832 150, 839 53, 309 1,539 73 48, 246 67, 660 1, 305, 856 44, 803 47, 383 1, 513, 948 304, 405 119, 111 2,094 74 9, 513 62, 453 881,616 22, 916 40, 788 1, 017, 286 125, 614 55, 030 1,273 75 64,585 197, 218 2, 508, 385 68,533 80,904 2, 919, 625 321, 616 244, 322 3, 836 76 18,923 108, 367 2, 131, 280 46, 525 70, 274 2, 375, 369 415, 571 166, 261 3,164 77 20,693 40,423 821, 091 9,785 9,355 901, 347 131, 025 56, 682 1,178 78 25, 343 100, 105 1, 253, 610 23, 784 49, 151 1, 451, 993 186, 890 83, 480 2,024 79 22, 065 30, 898 867, 696 4,900 15,200 940, 759 138, 437 57, 112 1,253 80 17,000 87, 643 1, 387, 024 20,642 20, 808 1, 533, 117 232, 970 133, 892 2,196 81 220,403 489, 899 7, 478, 541 133, 620 329, 726 8, 650, 189 1, 319, 759 529, 142 11, 298 82 37,506 97, 740 1, 408, 724 25, 524 66, 323 1, 635, 817 264,938 103, 073 2,151 83 3, 483 56, 978 772, 372 15, 917 33, 393 882, 143 120, 470 65,624 1,157 84 49, 190 57, 362 1,216,416 41, 376 56, 685 1, 421,029 260, 384 120, 172 1, 935 85 18. 070 38, 026 558, 721 8,701 21, 935 645, 453 125, 220 42, 877 909 86 24,535 62, 062 695, 530 11, 497 52, 257 845, 881 142, 245 36, 271 1,082 87 37, 619 97, 731 1, 810, 602 30, 605 77,588 2, 054, 145 233, 786 93, 639 2,564 88 io 50, 000 i° 80, 000; I® 1, 016,176 19,545 1, 165, 721 172, 716 67, 486 1,500 89 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-5 0 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kansas . _ 13 43 134 428 9,181 8, 962 15, 904 68,983 Hutchinson . . . 3 14 62 171 3, 682 3, 329 6, 098 179 23, 650 Topeka . 10 29 72 257 5, 499 5,633 9, 806 172 45, 333 19 53 136 890 13, 871 13, 701 23, 867 137, 682 Covington _ 8 15 52 224 3, 610 3,505 6, 041 192 29, 370 Lexington.. . . 3 11 16 255 3, 670 3, 680 6,245 173 29, 312 Newport _ 12 14 117 1,556 1,541 2,952 192 31,319 Owensboro _ 4 10 27 141 2, 455 2,394 4,127 175 26, 665 Paducah . . 4 5 27 153 7 2, 580 7 2, 581 4,502 172 21, 016 Maine _ _ 19 12 101 446 7,573 7,318 13, 334 42,969 Lewiston _ 4 4 24 94 1,532 1,585 2, 977 179 6,299 Portland _ 15 8 77 352 6, 041 5,733 10, 357 185 36, 670 177 264 1, 355 4,630 75, 153 71, 252 131, 488 723, 566 Arlington . 8 11 66 176 3, 314 2,975 5,600 179 26, 282 Brockton _ 8 13 58 258 4, 360 4, 294 7,945 179 27, 332 Brookline _ 8 9 63 235 3,281 3, 216 5,792 181 50,658 Chelsea . . 12 6 65 145 2,658 2,566 4, 719 181 1,923 Chicopee.. . 3 9 18 159 2,493 2,394 4,293 181 27, 850 Everett _ _ 10 9 71 227 3,181 3, 164 5,861 180 34, 038 Fitchburg _ _ 7 15 30 98 1,711 1, 658 3, 084 179 20, 174 Haverhill . 7 6 36 166 2, 623 2,806 4, 903 180 25, 377 Holyoke _ _ 3 13 86 172 2, 931 2,712 4,764 181 33, 841 Lawrence _ _ 12 22 67 254 3, 631 3,540 6, 443 178 41, 084 Lynn . . 11 16 110 364 5,867 5,393 10, 313 180 74, 082 Malden . 9 13 71 246 3, 868 3, 726 6,890 180 30, 363 Medford . . . . 10 17 105 285 5, 034 4, 699 8, 909 179 25, 704 Newton _ 12 21 144 376 6, 564 5, 830 10, 826 179 86, 776 Pittsfield . . • 17 • 19 52 233 4,232 3, 966 7, 244 180 26, 549 Quincy . . 5 18 88 381 6, 256 5, 875 10, 961 178 66, 679 Revere . 10 16 56 185 2, 948 2,685 5, 042 180 23, 161 Salem . . . 6 7 55 146 2, 212 1,929 3, 688 176 25, 620 Taunton . . 7 5 23 183 7 2, 500 7 2, 502 4, 560 176 26, 366 Waltham . . . 7 10 41 169 2, 921 2, 769 5, 101 177 22, 494 Watertown . . 5 9 50 172 2,568 2,553 4, 550 180 27, 21g Michigan _ 68 210 1, 167 3,762 66, 956 65, 595 119,384 904, 873 Battle Creek _ _ 8 15 68 245 4, 498 4, 541 7,722 200 84, 814 Bay City _ _ _ 5 18 85 205 4, 526 3, 998 7, 017 200 59, 151 Dearborn _ 12 19 183 462 8, 934 8, 937 16, 356 200 156, 079 Ham tram ek _ 3 7 41 126 2,180 1,990 3, 715 186 65, 497 Highland Park _ 1 9 93 243 7 3, 543 7 3, 544 6,744 191 58, 080 Jackson . . . 6 18 75 258 4,762 4, 357 8, 175 200 70, 107 Kalamazoo . 8 11 78 304 5,164 4, 967 8,692 180 67,900 Lansing . . 8 30 155 420 7,463 7,505 13, 204 182 82, 101 Muskegon _ 5 15 83 298 4,589 4,546 8, 267 195 39, 124 Pontiac _ 25 89 399 6,568 6, 714 12,620 200 52, 186 Port Huron . . 5 12 53 208 3, 352 3,341 6, 222 184 60, 374 Saginaw . . . 7 21 112 435 8,626 8,404 15, 618 180 72, 197 Wyandotte _ 10 52 159 7 2, 751 7 2, 751 5,032 190 47, 263 Mississippi _ 2 40 121 588 11, 316 10, 833 19, 043 60,646 Jackson . . . 1 20 57 312 6, 999 6, 515 11,452 180 35, 283 Meridian . . . 1 20 64 276 7 4, 317 7 4, 318 7,591 180 25, 363 Missouri _ _ 21 59 245 995 19, 185 18, 481 33, 846 143, 012 Joplin... . 4 22 58 187 3, 971 3, 548 6, 388 180 26, 442 St. Joseph... . 6 21 69 325 7,104 6, 838 12, 951 180 42, 999 Springfield _ 7 8 80 320 5, 661 5, 677 9, 972 178 36, 543 University City . 4 8 38 163 2,449 2,418 4,535 190 37,028 footnotes at end of Group II of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Cue rent expenditures foe— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Total * (in thou¬ sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 46, 347 170, 454 1,656,035 40, 425 46, 165 1, 959, 426 327, 490 251, 255 2, 685 90 11,150 54, 297 659, 403 17, 502 6,928 749, 280 117,644 137, 571 1,054 91 35, 197 116, 157 996, 632 22, 923 39, 237 1, 210, 146 209,846 113, 684 1,631 92 67,286 210, 319 2, 603, 368 27, 688 84, 973 2,993,634 394, 051 170, 700 4,049 93 25, 518 59. 401 798, 052 6, 193 21, 760 910, 924 133,809 41,528 1,138 94 15, 708 51, 275 704, 294 9,111 30, 750 811,138 103, 206 34, 039 1, 105 95 50, 188 335, 174 3, 950 9,393 398, 705 59, 829 27, 777 543 96 13, 060 31, 538 380, 071 4, 884 10, 877 440, 430 43, 736 28,267 630 97 13,000 17, 917 385, 777 3, 550 12, 193 432, 437 53, 471 39, 089 633 98 58, 193 60, 990 1, 379, 776 24, 682 93, 363 1,607,004 259, 232 114, 295 2,126 99 10, 493 15, 640 310, 940 9,449 34, 916 381, 438 46, 635 15, 631 503 100 47,700 35, 350 1, 068, 836 15, 233 58, 447 1, 225, 566 212, 597 98, 664 1, 623 101 801, 670 1, 298,814 20,128, 066 339, 455 1, 202, 095 23, 770, 100 3, 763, 418 1, 770, 878 31, 389 102 33, 849 48, 880 841, 521 13, 002 61,587 998, 839 143, 399 82, 835 1,275 103 32, 035 57, 131 996, 106 10, 841 57, 187 1, 153, 300 198, 223 67, 360 1, 519 104 45, 507 55, 720 1, 237, 038 31, 753 103, 144 1, 473, 162 205, 663 123, 413 1,944 105 » 50,000 JO 25, 000 io 696, 463 19, 500 24, 900 815, 863 97, 025 88, 359 1, 023 106 16,725 53, 329 560, 477 9,718 40, 947 681, 196 116, 881 53, 610 933 107 78, 735 76, 125 915, 031 12. 370 38, 972 1, 121, 233 160, 987 70, 330 1,414 108 23, 524 J0 60, 000 408, 222 8,797 43, 668 544, 211 128, 164 57, 581 836 109 25, 086 29,244 632, 828 J« 16, 000 47, 800 750, 958 133, 217 44,145 988 110 11, 078 56, 621 789, 876 14, 916 46, 594 919, 085 157, 101 85, 841 1, 296 111 54,000 110, 000 1, 071, 850 33, 437 1, 269, 287 206, 383 76, 005 1,643 112 50, 260 72, 061 1, 705, 892 31, 699 85, 523 1, 945, 435 382, 040 176, 155 2,744 113 33, 201 67, 780 1, 012, 321 4,808 51, 005 1,169,115 188, 153 44,292 1, 466 114 67, 938 86, 159 1, 353, 589 42, 455 66, 935 1,617,076 244, 236 66, 756 2,040 115 55,838 127, 744 1, 880, 071 68,234 112,234 2, 244, 121 358, 216 224, 949 3, 034 116 » 68, 000 J« 95, 000 929, 890 81,235 1,174,125 188, 779 74, 283 1,524 117 21, 780 72, 443 1, 612, 352 22, 355 122, 541 1,851,471 235, 674 132, 509 2, 388 118 i« 40, 000 JO 64, 000 io 735, 751 io 10, 000 38, 099 887, 850 157, 909 72,540 1, 185 119 23, 083 33, 500 673, 991 8, 996 34, 278 773, 848 127,119 76,716 1,062 120 24,200 23, 450 620, 185 4,491 18, 693 691,019 116, 950 30, 782 910 121 26, 331 39, 627 721, 622 9,520 41, 393 838, 493 127, 436 83, 737 1,133 122 20,500 45, 000 732, 990 51, 923 850, 413 90,863 38, 680 1, 032 123 398, 547 1, 205, 113 18, 880, 686 544, 678 1, 606, 310 22, 635, 334 4, 296, 665 1, 884, 837 31, 975 124 43, 188 71,319 1,055,171 43, 963 97, 564 1, 311, 205 310, 701 131, 508 2,005 125 23, 042 94, 830 1, 234, 357 23, 151 72, 325 1, 447, 705 192, 457 93, 213 1,863 126 86,115 160, 421 3, 149, 047 119, 094 413, 927 3, 928, 604 704, 832 405, 576 5,351 127 15, 888 37,810 691, 755 42, 649 38, 401 826, 503 231, 524 98, 067 1,315 128 6,100 61, 265 1, 380, 705 44,169 175, 542 1, 667, 781 321, 950 133, 624 2,328 129 36, 003 82,667 1, 176, 810 44, 826 83, 581 1, 423, 887 308, 470 81, 732 1,985 130 45, 873 65, 000 1, 464, 869 55, 921 101, 032 1, 732, 695 331, 690 84, 493 2, 573 131 36,583 153, 772 1, 942,416 27, 787 238, 307 2, 398, 865 467, 210 145, 188 3, 380 132 27, 120 74, 596 1, 215, 760 29, 535 76, 522 1, 423, 533 268, 880 140, 826 2, 094 1 33 156, 074 1, 764, 836 49, 893 90,282 2, 061, 085 379, 221 180, 125 2,904 134 28,535 63, 986 864, 103 24, 607 16, 286 997, 517 152, 099 78, 040 1,445 135 50,100 124, 180 2, 056, 204 39, 083 114, 602 2, 384, 169 374, 111 261, 013 3,249 136 69, 193 884, 653 87, 939 1, 031, 785 253,520 51, 432 1, 483 137 6,653 138, 312 1, 674, 554 1, 805 179, 215 2,000,539 187,217 206, 269 2,566 138 3,653 78, 312 1, 010, 434 1, 805 5,225 1, 099, 429 87, 486 132, 001 1, 423 139 JO 3, 000 J» 60, 000 io 664, 120 173, 990 901,110 99, 731 74, 268 1, 143 140 84, 613 213, 264 3, 701, 363 55, 935 327, 813 4, 382, 988 598, 360 287, 235 5,788 141 13, 303 70, 318 643, 591 7,253 62, 312 796, 777 98,173 89, 912 1,068 142 22, 795 73, 758 1, 104, 334 12, 953 92, 579 I 1, 306, 419 196,814 105, 352 1, 752 143 29,317 26, 088 1, 204, 193 23, 849 85, 390 1, 368, 837 159, 799 61, 570 1, 797 144 19, 198 43, 100 749, 245 11, 880 ! 87, 532 1 910, 955 143, 574 30,4011 1 1, 171 145 School plant 235726—53 - 6 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 >. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls &tt6D(la ance 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 22 25 189 2,790 2,732 4, 956 180 36,549 10 27 71 440 6,860 6, 679 11, 892 174 78, 044 7 22 96 330 6,282 4, 916 9, 244 62, 625 6 15 62 204 3,403 3, 302 5, 998 180 32, 543 1 7 34 126 1,879 1,614 3,246 182 20, 082 126 186 1,042 4,011 57, 751 65, 470 97, 254 1, 086, 427 10 15 96 248 4.182 3,885 6,785 183 51, 143 16 12 124 384 4, 514 4,128 7,504 180 86, 819 6 12 68 218 3,337 3,173 5,695 186 42, 689 9 14 46 265 4, 479 4,117 7,465 183 62, 075 5 11 89 245 3, 914 3, 827 6,641 186 67, 271 12 8 50 225 2, 834 2,767 4,747 180 79, 755 3 10 66 234 3, 866 3, 655 6, 541 187 62, 592 5 8 29 171 2,503 2, 217 4,088 183 59, 666 8 14 68 205 3, 107 3,007 5, 279 183 84, 109 5 7 40 182 2,284 2, 346 3, 903 182 43, 259 6 7 12 161 2. 320 2, 215 3,874 182 46, 944 3 9 40 155 2, 418 2, 414 4,154 184 37, 949 11 11 52 291 3, 554 3,590 6, 137 184 119, 871 8 11 48 187 2, 601 2,568 4, 362 178 46, 742 2 7 44 204 2, 977 3, 090 5,230 184 40, 624 6 15 60 193 2,902 2,827 6,132 185 54,885 9 8 65 242 3, 424 3, 297 5,575 182 60,478 2 7 45 201 2,535 2,347 4, 142 182 69, 556 11 21 129 583 12, 051 12, 536 20, 546 180 82, 157 159 205 967 3, 910 60,150 56,495 101, 451 793, 722 9 12 32 172 2, 242 1,936 3, 618 180 37, 717 6 9 44 153 2, 510 2, 296 4,177 180 29, 331 20 19 93 440 6,693 6,391 11,432 181 56,127 11 13 61 248 3,939 3,795 6,739 1&3 30, 973 19 13 56 259 3, 465 3,287 6, 106 180 81,764 5 15 90 356 5, 386 5,173 9, 039 181 101, 250 5 10 45 151 2,462 2, 296 4,158 188 27, 920 10 16 81 265 3,846 3,766 6,545 176 76, 180 16 » 27 135 487 7,806 7,396 13, 396 182 82, 261 16 11 46 168 2,829 2,740 4,784 181 41, 673 5 9 37 171 3,120 2,691 5, 053 184 23, 399 10 21 100 439 6, 645 6,281 11,214 182 67, 900 10 12 45 178 2,885 2, 492 4, 492 183 34, 273 10 9 34 193 2, 988 2,710 4, 992 180 37, 542 7 9 68 230 3,334 3, 245 5,706 181 65, 412 25 101 293 1,780 31,399 30, 920 56, 478 191, 816 6 13 28 213 3, 921 3,724 6, 533 180 14, 876 5 21 63 301 6, 549 5,407 9, 598 180 43, 487 3 20 69 353 6,117 6, 132 11,201 180 33, 726 2 13 25 231 3,946 3, 918 7,169 180 27, 779 5 14 38 273 4, 585 4,610 8, 257 180 39, 160 4 20 70 409 7, 281 7,129 13,7201 180 32, 788| :ip II of this table. STATISTICS OF CTTT SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949—50— Continued TO 09,099 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total * (in thou¬ Other * Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 146 87,394 731, 257 44, 216 862, 867 136, 605 94, 810 1,213 147 148 43, 921 118, 272 1,444, 418 54,985 126, 871 1,788,467 326,866 204, 119 2,552 149 28,000 97, 594 1, 320, 855 15,719 85, 927 1,548,095 252, 753 94, 648 2,146 150 24,500 59, 815 817, 463 6,933 57, 533 966, 244 134, 757 74, 087 1,342 151 3,500 37, 779 503, 392 8, 786 28, 394 581,851 117, 996 20, 561 804 152 606, 315 1,089,994 18, 932, 723 633, 778 997, 791 22, 260, 601 3, 515,447 1, 588, 652 30,467 153 56, 925 73, 940 1, 248, 785 48, 868 91,527 1,520,045 222, 907 177, 659 2, 107 154 73, 140 81, 551 1,773,736 52, 237 93, 477 2,074, 141 442, 218 157, 766 3, 022 155 33, 800 79, 350 1,157, 972 49, 054 79, 242 1, 399, 418 188, 040 106, 398 1,839 156 47,013 78, 626 1, 127, 854 18, 988 65,084 1,337, 565 222, 938 51,052 1,828 157 21, 250 75, 535 1, 379, 434 51, 150 82, 276 1,615, 645 204, 777 142, 710 2, 095 158 64, 658 41,950 960, 682 30, 907 35, 980 1,124,177 202, 945 34, 837 1,529 159 16, 100 61,754 1,168,792 40, 328 31,928 1,318, 902 217, 055 106, 980 1,813 160 24, 400 42, 225 759, 317 9, 574 40, 606 876, 122 155, 851 77, 618 1,228 161 43, 471 75,419 1, 252, 849 57, 948 68, 992 1,498,679 238, 509 109, 963 2, 061 162 23, 500 34, 700 779, 908 25, 222 47, 373 910, 703 94, 186 56, 703 1,157 163 23, 850 37, 350 537, 004 28, 675 25, 286 652, 165 152, 950 45, 801 1,122 164 14, 900 52, 100 646, 590 19, 674 30, 576 763, 840 123, 794 53, 647 1,040 165 55, 398 66, 571 1, 273, 126 42, 484 48, 332 1,485, 911 196, 590 83, 102 2, 063 166 26, 930 51, 700 836, 622 19, 548 56,338 991, 138 136,327 71, 341 1,294 167 10, 400 45, 300 974, 559 40, 522 72, 264 1,143, 045 170, 802 96, 769 1,516 168 25, 948 97, 287 1, 106, 183 28, 675 40, 538 1, 298, 631 178,687 88, 610 1, 730 169 40, 282 57, 596 1,056,335 39, 534 50, 673 1,244, 420 188, 710 89, 318 1,671 170 8,350 37, 040 892, 975 30, 390 37,299 1,006,054 178, 161 38,378 1,354 171 172 49, 789 199, 520 2, 306, 212 36,938 140, 819 2, 733, 278 239, 154 17, 725 3,381 173 816, 121 991,705 17, 806, 107 478, 841 1,094, 620 21,187, 394 3,322,906 1, 877, 506 30, 935 174 32, 763 44, 300 673, 518 12, 516 24,396 787, 493 187, 395 111,114 1,299 175 40, 326 51,324 614, 860 12, 461 32, 378 751, 349 114, 702 42, 573 1, 048 176 98, 781 104, 001 1, 777, 628 54,410 71,350 2, 106, 170 300, 439 197, 800 2,9771177 51,804 56,200 1, 084, 716 11,896 30,673 1,235,289 137, 001 40, 249 1,622 178 79, 629 56, 183 989,380 27, 283 95, 346 1, 247, 821 215, 940 128, 237 1,880,179 32, 555 94, 335 1,961,312 55, 915 124, 500 2, 268, 617 304, 889 265, 560 3, 304 180 20, 250 47, 810 682, 532 16, 237 46, 802 813, 631 121,327 61, 186 1, 211 181 54, 348 77, 360 1, 502, 226 58, 325 121,557 1,813, 816 307, 447 192, 240 2, 629 182 115, 749 119, 065 2, 464, 825 47, 054 125, 667 2, 872, 360 446, 796 301,813 4, 230 183 75, 959 48,363 682, 613 27, 529 72, 425 906, 889 162, 303 60, 603 1,381 184 24, 533 47,264 737, 412 16, 785 38,868 864, 862 96, 431 38,693 1, 169 185 51,809 105, 875 1,919, 812 67, 728 116, 942 2,262,166 425, 733 180, 730 3, 375 186 30, 966 45, 305 705, 390 2,580 29, 727 813, 968 131, 748 44, 309 1,213 187 63, 355 42, 937 707, 723 14, 516 58, 581 887,112 112,467 107, 321 1,294 188 43,294 51, 383 1, 302, 160 63, 606 105, 408 1, 555, 851 258, 288 105, 078 2,303 ,189 99,690 474, 309 6, 276, 647 87, 514 141, 329 7, 079, 489 654, 769 728,939 9, 550 190 22, 411 56, 708 716, 800 11, 560 15,500 822, 979 90, 379 47, 822 1,101 191 16, 048 91, 140 1, 142, 900 12, 903 30, 746 1, 293, 737 110, 284 203, 205 1, 759 192 13, 670 97,123 1, 295, 191 33,465 12, 377 1,451,826 147, 529 161, 135 1,959 193 8, 100 62, 404 774,983 4, 073 14, 443 864, 003 64, 065 88,033 1,074 194 22,756 65,390 877, 190 6, 700 41,335 1,013, 371 82, 548 112,517 1, 581|195 16,705 101, 544 1,469,583 18, 813 26,928 1,633,573 159,964 116, 227 2, 0761 196 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP II.— CITIES OP 30,000 TO City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional stafl 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general oontrol) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 11 197 North Dakota _ 198 Fargo9 _ _ _ 14 54 140 2,220 2,245 3, 847 180 14, 382 199 Ohio . 48 186 960 3,054 53, 196 53, 070 99, 597 640, 894 200 Cleveland Heights _ 4 14 75 272 4, 881 4, 767 8, 547 180 112, 140 201 East Cleveland _ 10 40 155 2, 498 2, 467 4, 624 181 83, 067 202 Hamilton . 4 16 73 197 3,912 3, 840 7,321 181 41, 494 203 Lakewood _ 5 12 72 205 3,202 3,244 6,231 180 82,009 204 Lima . 6 5 76 194 3, 353 3,521 6,606 180 29, 098 205 Lorain . 3 13 64 184 3,501 3, 335 6, 302 181 45, 967 206 Mansfield . 1 14 60 209 3,765 3, 529 6,640 180 39, 812 207 Marion . ._ . . 4 13 35 167 2,889 5, 793 5, 388 175 23, 735 208 Middletown _ 5 7 46 162 2,998 3,039 5, 484 186 80, 729 209 17 39 143 2,557 2,505 4,792 179 17, 762 210 Norwood _ 7 52 97 1, 591 1, 674 3,290 180 38, 140 211 Portsmouth . . . 2 2 79 167 3,162 3, 108 5,783 178 25, 756 212 Springfield . . . 9 24 98 307 5,311 5, 838 10, 709 183 43, 214 213 Steubenville _ 10 33 163 2,293 2,268 4,420 181 16, 963 214 Warren . . __ 2 17 65 256 3, 875 3, 676 7,088 180 52, 793 215 Zanesville . . . 3 5 53 176 3,408 3, 466 6,372 185 28, 215 216 Oklahoma . . 217 Muskogee . . . 4 18 58 219 4, 275 4, 212 6,980 177 83, 192 218 Oregon _ _ 219 Salem . . . 8 13 59 222 i 4, 240 1 4. 240 7,129 176 47, 230 220 Pennsylvania .... 113 175 1, 608 4,045 71, 753' 69, 747 / 131, 177 1, 202, 560 221 Allentown _ 11 17 178 339 7,359 6, 904 13, 312 182 112. 804 222 Altoona . . 10 4 86 327 5,336 5,249 9,781 180 73, 658 223 Bethlehem . 13 6 113 226 4, 978 4, 493 8,890 182 61, 243 224 Chester . 6 12 88 288 4,308 4,233 8,218 185 62, 668 225 Easton... . 5 15 61 126 2,633 2,588 4, 855 175 51, 799 226 Harrisburg . . . 4 8 140 305 5,582 5, 438 10, 105 188 122, 396 227 Hazleton _ 6 6 71 141 1 2, 430 t 2, 431 4, 466 188 48, 150 228 Johnstown . . . 8 12 68 297 » 4, 614 1 4, 616 8,913 180 84, 802 229 Lancaster. _ _ 10 5 81 222 3,846 3, 869 7,442 186 40, 792 230 Lower Merion (P. O. 13 101 206 3,077 2,854 5,219 180 67, 573 Ardmore). 231 McKeesport _ 4 15 72 218 i 3, 912 T 3, 913 7,062 180 74, 116 232 New Castle . 3 11 59 243 1 3, 900 7 3, 901 8,997 180 67, 450 233 Norristown _ 4 66 129 2, 509 2, 405 4, 608 186 38, 644 234 Upper Darby _ 7 12 93 229 4,213 4, 186 7,600 187 83,163 235 Wilkes-Barre _ _ 13 10 108 299 4,747 4,730 8,501 183 77,971 230 Williamsport . . 2 16 104 192 3,721 3,541 6,556 190 76, 382 237 York . . . 11 9 119 258 4,588 4, 396 8,652 180 68,949 238 Rhode Island 22 44 196 969 15, 278 14, 837 25, 878 103, 105 239 Cranston _ _ 2 9 61 226 i 3, 994 7 3, 996 6,985 180 30, 970 240 East Providence. . 3 6 45 177 2,577 2, 477 4, 636 180 28. 227 241 Newport 9... . 1 6 37 132 2,316 2,179 3, 439 183 15, 387 242 Pawtucket. . . 15 21 29 288 4, 338 4, 319 7, 324 180 5,883 243 Woonsocket . 1 2 24 146 2,053 1, 866 3,494 180 22,638 244 South Carolina... 12 63 221 1, 279 21, 406 21, 714 38, 118 132, 540 245 Charleston _ _ 14 74 304 5,683 5, 775 10, 173 180 46, 608 246 Columbia _ 20 84 489 8, 120 8,283 14, 577 180 82, 400 247 Greenville 9 . 7 17 25 249 3, 952 4, 004 6, 910 180 22,532 248 Spartanburg _ 5 12 38 237 » 3, 651 7 3, 652 6,458 181 “31,000 See footnotes at end of Group II of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total < (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 197 » 56, 000 552, 861 9,894 17,750 636, 505 117, 188 33, 556 826 198 254,218 901, 535 13, 167, 205 253, 406 791, 022 15, 367, 386 2, 644, 000 1, 776, 647 22, 226 199 21,636 111,865 1, 397, 893 52, 622 60,085 1, 644, 101 298, 789 272, 352 2, 566 200 53, 846 710, 283 26, 848 40, 700 831, 677 164, 385 226, 048 1,291 201 22, 430 71, 810 947, 414 14, 560 34, 535 1, 090, 749 162, 324 70, 445 1, 505 202 32, 316 61, 579 1, 053, 422 40, 002 79, 822 1, 267, 141 221, 941 348, 751 2,174 203 32, 607 19, 779 782, 221 13, 413 49, 332 897, 352 152, 721 69, 096 1, 248 204 12, 059 54, 826 793, 816 15, 188 70, 835 946, 724 151, 969 98, 539 1, 315 205 3,800 75, 978 862, 174 11,878 38, 978 992, 808 159, 964 70, 746 1, 337 206 14,772 39, 729 555, 046 7,608 41, 608 658, 763 101, 043 32, 102 846 207 34,383 42, 265 716, 486 6, 518 36, 461 836, 113 175, 509 50, 384 1,282 208 . 76,500 490, 070 10, 800 26, 307 603, 677 104, 976 15, 394 752 209 38,200 664, 817 4, 910 24, 625 732, 552 114, 097 24, 554 1,119 210 7,682 8,802 630, 814 5,477 42, 807 695, 582 99, 162 84, 338 1, 059 211 50,144 114, 964 | 1, 273, 540 5, 834 85, 883 1, 530, 365 284, 035 204, 820 2, 116 212 40,158 607, 057i 5,876 34, 720 687, 811 133, 310 40, 044 902 213 10,963 74, 812 1,042, 499 ; 22, 186 64, 349 1, 214, 809 194, 559 109, 804 1, 694 214 11,426 16,422 639, 653 9,686 59, 975 737, 162 125, 216 59, 230 1, 020 215 . . .1 216 23,315 56,410 721, 647: 16,000 19, 216 836,588 119, 111 46, 418 1,113 217 . | 218 26,318 82,687 999, 272 24, 303 72, 951 1, 205, 531 146, 551 66, 261 1,644 219 500,931 791, 479 18, 723, 603 1 304, 834 1, 306, 353 21, 627, 200 3, 737, 849 1, 428, 851 31, 153, 220 42, 617 71,250 1, 811,469 30, 697 108, 962 2, 064, 995 296, 197 102, 529 2, 766 221 43, 059 19,100 1,266, 550; 16, 666 64,410 1, 409, 785 256, 086 94, 971 2,050 222 57,615 31, 309 1, 123, 862! 14, 895 93, 628 1, 321, 309 236, 868 135, 306 1, 891 223 25, 991 49, 319 1, 175, 791' 11, 820 72, 007 1, 334, 928 187, 585 80, 897 1, 849 224 »• 24, 000 77, 634 635, 759! 13, 447 64, 771 815, 611 119, 667 46, 202 1, 133 225 19,825 37,920 1, 392,891. 29,138 87,428 1, 567, 202 295, 665 120, 025 2, 253 226 25,267 31, 167 714, 787 ! 9, 045 38, 798 819, 064 166, 211 39, 623 1, 162 227 33, 478 60,525 1, 240, 519: 12,221 101, 949 1, 448, 692 295, 855 86, 725 2,016 228 32, 066 24,268 987, 554 i 7,420 65, 301 1, 116, 609 195, 070 97, 240 1, 562 229 77,132 1,104, 855 28,086 109, 860 1, 319, 933 222, 347 79, 233 1,880, 230 13, 891 67,000 932, 903 9, 523 96,440 1, 119, 757 182, 350 79, 658 1. 556 231 10,765 42, 945 928, 214! 23, 994 76, 569 1, 082, 487 194, 741 77, 714 1, 490 232 19,800 677, 682 1 5,996 37, 767 741, 245 130, 670 89, 566 1, 065 233 36,984 48, 040 1,204, 638; 32, 120 74, 627 1, 396, 409 140, 612 94, 445 1, 857 234 56,024 30, 642 1, 389, 539 1 11,944 85, 952 1, 574, 101 331, 258 22, 742 2, 212 235 10,863 62, 453 939, 1201 12, 678 100, 911 1, 126, 025 160, 945 72, 479 2, 129 236 68,486 40,975 1, 197, 470! 35,144 26, 973 1, 369, 048 325, 722 109, 496 2,282 237 106, 484 200,655 4,072,460 59,722 197, 337 4, 636, 658 873, 105 384, 078 6,151 238 7,759 41, 751 942, 230! 10, 850 65,004 1, 067, 594 145, 521 68, 048 1,341 239 12,177 30,123 650, 198 9,084 33, 736 735, 318 128, 446 51,738 995 240 6,700 24, 900 483, 595 15, 355 21, 779 552, 329 119, 189 14, 817 723 241 75, 452 95,089 1, 419, 035 19, 698 53, 024 1, 662, 298 343, 671 205, 661 2, 259 242 4,396 8,792 577, 402 4,735 23,794 619, 119 136, 278 43, 814 833 243 66,425 268,255 3, 858, 543 56, 218 140, 108 4, 389, 549 435, 702 207,166 6, 765 244 73, 055 1, 047, 431 20,566 65, 121 1, 206, 173 92, 159 49, 834 1, 449 245 83,300 1, 568, 400 15,000 12, 000 1, 678, 700 189, 000 83,000 2, 067 246 34, 425 55,900 579, 213 7,652 47, 832 725, 022 87,871 60, 622 908 247 » 32,000 » 56,000 663, 499 ( 13,000 15, 155 779, 654 66,672 13,710 1, 3411248 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures fob: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 * * 4 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 249 South Dakota _ 250 Sioux Falls . 3 14 47 268 4, 157 4, 225 8, 000 178 34,985 251 Texas . ._ 65 223 812 4, 419 76, 405 73, 255 126, 286 922, 325 252 Amarillo . 5 19 63 372 6, 318 6, 211 10, 745 172 113,043 253 Austin . 11 31 86 538 9,053 8,451 14, 498 175 85, 145 Beaumont: 254 Independent School 9 23 72 331 6,064 5,696 9, 717 175 119, 915 District. 255 South Park District . 2 7 31 141 2, 278 2,127 4,006 173 51, 186 256 Corpus Christi . 7 28 124 581 9, 483 9, 057 16, 013 176 50, 585 257 El Paso . 13 30 102 643 11,398 11,042 20, 458 176 126, 795 258 Galveston* . . 3 14 52 306 4, 662 4,469 7,486 175 46, 289 259 Laredo . 4 10 43 218 4,177 4,027 6,999 174 32, 600 260 Lubbock . 1 21 71 307 5,908 5, 814 9, 929 176 88, 653 261 Port Arthur . 3 9 69 312 5, 955 5, 696 9,870 168 86, 687 262 Waco__ . . . 4 18 52 426 6, 219 6, 040 8, 504 171 61,659 263 Wichita Falls . 3 13 47 244 4, 890 4,625 8, 061 173 59,768 264 Utah . 265 Ogden . 3 17 100 262 6,053 5,972 10, 776 177 57,317 266 Virginia _ 68 142 378 2,262 38, 358 37, 517 66, 553 265, 121 267 Alexandria . 7 13 33 249 3, 816 3, 672 6, 970 180 29,188 268 Arlington County 13 36 76 422 7,865 7,666 13, 392 180 84,474 (P. O. Arlington). 269 Danville _ 3 13 52 186 7 2, 697 7 2, 697 4,585 180 19,401 270 Lynchburg . 9 13 40 236 4,050 3, 910 7,197 182 24, 556 271 Newport News . 10 14 55 206 3,849 3, 926 6, 784 182 25,111 272 Petersburg . . 6 12 37 171 3,170 2,932 5, 252 180 22,208 273 Portsmouth . . 9 15 22 319 5, 925 5, 767 10, 006 184 14, 607 274 Roanoke . 11 26 63 473 6, 986 6,947 12, 367 180 45, 576 275 Washington . . 276 Everett . . 6 13 87 254 6,031 5,431 7,472 171 40,082 277 Wisconsin 59 125 694 2, 084 34, 784 34, 082 62, 784 411,613 278 Eau Claire . 4 11 55 133 2,856 2,819 5,149 175 29, 496 279 Green Bay . . 10 13 61 209 3,073 3, 261 6, 697 178 39, 990 280 Kenosha . 3 14 67 231 4,152 3,882 7,127 179 65, 573 281 La Crosse . 6 13 66 190 3, 276 3,121 6,005 190 34, 139 282 Madison _ _ 9 20 85 391 5, 553 5,495 9,791 177 74.823 283 Oshkosh _ _ _ 7 8 60 175 2,709 2,721 5,106 180 24. 487 284 Racine . 6 14 93 258 4,704 4,607 8, 882 183 40, 610 285 Sheboygan . 2 12 85 176 3,179 3, 063 5, 796 184 34, 518 286 Superior _ 5 10 47 154 7 2, 587 7 2, 589 4, 769 175 28, 394 287 West Allis.. . . 7 10 75 167 2,695 2,524 4, 462 185 49, 583 1 Includes persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided half or more than half of their employment time is given to such instructional work. * The actual number of days in the school year that children were taught. 4 Includes instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians. The expenditure for textbooks which are furnished gratis to indigent pupils, only, is classified as an auxiliary services item, and reported accordingly. * Includes amounts shown in columns 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 18, plus amounts not tabulated but reported by city school systems as expenditures for the following current accounts: Auxiliary school services; fixed charges; community services to public and nonpublic schools paid from school district funds; and adult and summer schools. This total figure covers all school current expenditures whether or not same are directly allocable to the charge per pupil in average daily attendance for the public-school system reporting. 4 Includes the Phoenix Junior College data. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total 8 * 10 11 (in thou¬ Other* Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 249 9,000 49, 000 885, 556 66, 296 1, 009, 852 186, 819 12, 671 1,272 250 347, 312 1, 055, 386 16, 765, 305 348, 451 621, 643 19, 138, 097 1, 540, 290 1,214,112 24, 306 251 32, 147 114, 976 1,622, 052 28, 649 38, 306 1, 836, 130 126, 060 81,892 2, 217 252 55, 022 171, 551 2, 417, 125 78, 555 115, 104 2,837,357 207, 970 144,050 3, 456 253 35, 857 105, 911 1, 308, 149 18,000 142, 093 1,610,010 111, 562 136,303 2,059 254 9, 440 30, 331 563, 831 10, 860 25,277 639, 739 66, 520 61,496 856 255 31,665 116, 756 2,078,891 7, 852 30, 768 2, 265, 932 178, 822 196, 158 3,139 256 82, 947 141,307 2, 272, 251 83, 552 70, 935 2, 650, 992 214, 203 125, 523 3, 279 257 11, 100 50, 746 903, 251 26, 750 26, 677 1,018, 524 114, 862 62, 960 1,295 258 16, 180 42, 920 752, 462 22, 000 13, 200 846, 762 83, 260 55,000 1,065 259 6,000 87, 512 1, 166, 475 8, 262 50. 042 1,318, 291 111,292 59, 927 1,826 260 24,100 47, 885 1,281,032 35, 786 49, 984 1,438,787 138, 161 122, 454 1,901 261 27,950 76, 738 1, 443, 621 20,000 34, 957 1, 603, 266 106, 911 124, 527 1,922 262 14,904 68, 753 956, 165 8,185 24, 300 1, 072, 307 80, 667 53, 822 1,291 263 264 14, 130 92, 675 1, 174, 518 16, 086 85, 285 1,382, 694 144,073 104,237 1,789 265 269,154 567, 268 7, 577, 638 214, 621 414, 489 9,043,170 977, 676 688, 832 11, 767 266 28,602 56, 338 972, 277 38, 414 19, 051 1, 114, 682 159, 207 29, 904 1,387 267 62, 700 155, 267 1,546,662 44, 967 94, 006 1,903, 602 214, 661 165,188 2,636 268 18, 774 65,000 611, 208 18, 161 64,989 778, 132 75, 301 25, 142 906 269 30,412 51,736 737, 578 16, 566 24, 390 860, 682 76, 897 65, 983 1,108 270 36, 560 57, 196 708, 558 24, 226 44, 668 871, 208 95, 735 47,004 1,111 271 27, 065 41,847 515, 185 9,453 21, 707 615, 257 73, 530 45, 286 783 272 33, 026 69, 049 914, 757 21,217 42, 088 1,080, 137 92. 497 213, 486 1,448 273 32, 015 70,835 1,571,413 41, 617 103, 590 1, 819, 470 189, 848 96, 839 2,388 274 275 30,432 65, 765 1, 150, 062 32, 780 98,373 1, 377,412 217, 740 231,079 2,031 276 257, 029 581,212 9, 826, 300 277, 282 597, 282 11, 539, 105 2, 011,652 871, 719 15,825 277 16, 500 38, 268 636, 497 11,815 41,715 744, 795 117, 720 96, 813 1,076 278 41, 961 65, 758 916, 834 29, 490 79, 292 1,133,335 233, 664 87, 576 1, 583 ! 279 14, 694 68, 223 1, 103, 928 28, 379 75, 328 1, 290, 552 212, 587 84, 852 1, 760 280 27, 590 58, 368 788, 931 10, 021 64, 752 949, 662 204, 575 41,336 1,257:281 45, 544 101,712 1, 773, 088 67, 487 108, 697 2,096, 528 341, 512 120, 355 2, 894 282 24, 747 29, 216 821, 139 22, 847 58,406 956, 855 170, 649 87, 376 1,356 283 22, 547 71,100 1, 309, 328 41,469 78, 371 1, 522, 815 245, 107 116, 198 2,017 284 10, 500 47, 059 886,096 28, 785 35, 104 1,007, 544 149, 345 60, 050 1,296 285 22. 165 45, 100 644,849 11,942 34, 813 758, 869 166, 718 92,500 1,092 286 30, 781 56, 408 945, 610 25, 047 20, 304 1,078,150 169, 775 84, 663 1, 494 1 287 8 Number of positions revised upward from that reported in order to accord with the amounts reported as salary expenditure for these positions. Average of salary payments prevailing in similar school districts used as unit for computing numbers of positions recorded. The Phoenix High School and Junior College District included positions of principals, assistant principals, registrars, and deans under the category of principal positions. 7 Distribution by sex not reported. Total divided on basis of previous biennial reports to this Office show¬ ing distribution by sex. 8 Includes Junior College data. * Not reported for 1949-50, data previously reported for 1947-48 was used. 10 Estimated, roughly, on basis of 1947-48 data plus data on salaries reported for similar positions in com¬ parable school districts. 11 Includes vice-principals. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year* (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . .. 1,523 4, 022 19,845 66,440 1,196,006 1,156,279 2,085,-589 $15,916,518 Alabama . __ 6 55 179 1, 192 23, 129 23, 342 40, 754 158, 293 8 15 163 3,082 3, 010 5, 141 178 21, 200 Dothan . . 2 3 16 107 2, 062 2, 126 3,780 176 12, 737 Fairfield _ 5 15 90 1,540 1,456 2, 798 180 12, 279 2 18 113 2, 583 2, 666 4,454 175 6, 323 6 17 115 2, 363 2, 546 4, 351 175 Other cities _ 4 31 98 604 11, 499 11, 538 20, 230 87’ 885 Arkansas _ 20 61 154 930 19, 886 19, 256 33, 126 132 643 Blythe ville . . 3 2 12 78 2,117 2, 087 3, 400 178 14, 155 El Dorado _ 1 8 20 142 2,630 2,436 4. 350 180 20, 311 Helena-West Helena __ 8 14 98 2, 217 2, 214 3,414 176 16,700 Hot Springs . . 5 4 13 20 137 2,745 2, 711 4, 738 175 22, 731 Jonesboro. _ * 2 3 20 72 1, 410 1,350 2, 594 178 9, 618 North Little Rock _ 5 11 28 167 3,800 3,640 6,297 174 22, 503 Pine Bluff _ *5 9 21 147 2, 917 2, 854 5, 220 172 15, 594 Texarkana _ 7 19 89 2, 050 1,964 3, 113 175 11, 031 California.. _ 147 356 2,242 5,722 117, 320 110, 336 208, 154 1, 899, 387 Albany _ 5 33 93 6 1, 770 6 1, 731 3,392 175 26, 545 Anaheim: Elementary District. 1 6 8 58 918 884 1,532 175 14, 639 High School District. 1 26 28 • 619 « 619 1,053 175 21, 433 Bakersfield: Elementary District- 5 21 52 408 6, 560 6, 274 12, 215 178 99, 819 High School District. 7 10 225 155 5,704 4, 819 8, 147 175 106, 300 Beverly Hills. . . 3 6 39 118 1,627 1,641 3, 167 170 38, 978 Brawley: Elementary District- 2 8 79 1,422 1,387 2,571 170 24, 032 High School District. 1 10 19 290 305 573 170 10, 781 Burlingame _ _ 1 5 10 71 929 919 1,737 176 12, 908 Compton: Elementary District- 6 12 15 223 « 4, 315 « 4, 315 8,365 176 70, 556 High School District. 4 13 124 134 5,363 5, 071 9, 445 175 70, 902 Eureka.. . . . 6 9 29 130 2, 306 2, 136 3,836 172 29, 478 Modesto. .. _ 6 15 132 281 5, 705 5, 041 10, 127 175 91, 656 National City: Elementary District- 4 1 79 1,232 1, 210 2,402 170 25,643 High School District . 6 1 5 14 49 109 1,983 1,869 3,669 170 39, 079 Ontario: Elementary District- 83 «10 35 85 2,244 2,027 3, 863 173 23,889 High School District . 6 73 47 1,263 1,299 2, 175 175 10, 613 Palo Alto _ _ 14 40 153 2, 830 2, 711 4, 692 174 63, 597 Pomona... . 6 10 66 150 3, 050 3,033 5,787 176 52, 090 Redondo Beach: Elementary District- 8 14 129 2, 163 1, 719 3,882 173 28, 508 High School District- 1 45 44 1, 054 1,030 1,980 175 33,949 Redwood City: Elementary District- «6 59 41 105 2,560 2, 400 4, 491 175 22, 162 High School District. 3 1 63 56 1,496 1,431 2,695 174 25, 171 San Gabriel.. _ 5 15 95 s 1, 620 » 1, 621 3,128 176 35, 481 Santa Cruz . . . *3 9 41 94 1,864 1,627 3, 184 180 17, 884 Other cities _ 86 » 159 1, 048 2,779 56,433 53, 217 100, 046 913,294 Colorado _ _ 8 28 129 464 7, 685 7,569 13, 762 102, 976 Boulder.. . . 2 8 23 96 1,413 1,356 2,636 179 21, 879 Fort Collins _ 1 3 25 86 1,498 1,485 2, 844 174 15, 784 Grand Junction . 3 5 32 111 1,762 1,735 3, 350 175 23,428 Greeley . . . 1 6 33 99 1,879 1,860 3, 036 177 24. 976 Trinidad _ 1 6 16 72 8 1, 133 8 1,133 1,896 178 16,909 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 for public -school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total ‘ (in thou¬ Other ‘ Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 $6,471, M4 $17,646,403 $267,538,712 $4,838, 765 $18,783,035 $315,277,949 $46,813,641 $21, 761,749 $437,584 19, 196 194, 190 3, 089. 469 32, 533 78, 388 3, 413, 776 278, 660 175, 504 4,589 2 27, 270 408, 955 3, 600 18, 000 457, 825 39, 700 20, 225 674 3 6,060 11,884 285, 583 1,869 304, 396 16. 606 19. 478 393 4 17, 150 243, 827 4, 400 3, 000 268, 377 24, 712 18, 400 487 5 6, 384 262, 957 2, 500 4, 963 276. 804 16, 961 6, 743 311 6 20,080 283, 124 3, 000 7, 290 313, 494 25,242 23, 835 414 7 14, 136 111, 422 1, 605, 023 19, 033 43, 266 1, 792, 880 155, 439 86, 823 2,310 8 60, 012 190, 247 2,384, 952 31,649 61, 373 2, 728, 233 264, 204 175, 667 3, 744 9 8,013 9, 835 228, 970 1,530 2, 464 248, 812 30, 530 10, 538 323 10 4,600 24, 350 411,171 3, 942 9,702 453, 665 8,239 12, 158 634 11 23, 202 190, 543 2, 253 6, 325 222, 323 34, 525 14, 157 310 12 ‘10,000 41, 407 384,312 6,698 8, 610 451, 027 56, 786 22, 179 606 13 ‘5,000 8,203 167, 800 1,350 4,113 186, 466 27, 446 9, 231 240 14 17, 499 33. 160 442, 957 9, 555 20, 406 523, 577 48, 408 55.544 900 15 ‘15,000 27,440 355, 601 4, 201 7, 284 409, 526 41, 069 41. 921 538 16 22,650 205, 598 2,120 2,469 232, 837 17, 201 9, 939 293 17 716,715 1,947, 778 30,302, 451 995, 142 3, 194, 585 37, 156, 671 5, 141, 956 2, 151, 742 54,041 18 2S, 860 442, 895 15, 423 56, 653 543, 831 66, 669 43, 929 778 19 4,150 27,000 233,485 5, 744 270, 379 38, 260 6,780 360 20 7, 500 254, 974 2, 195 38,256 302, 925 59, 179 32, 482 459 21 27,625 104. 600 1, 518, 355 59, 088 103, 367 1,813,035 225, 510 106, 440 2, 429 22 46, 290 54, 788 1, 600, 403 111,859 347, 759 2, 161, 099 444, 783 124, 607 3,406 23 19, 844 38, 818 672, 040 43, 944 59, 458 834, 104 130, 964 81, 521 1, 207 24 9,040 290, 000 7, 679 15, 000 321, 719 45, 940 21, 942 481 25 6,000 113, 415 9,643 128, 058 21,681 11, 127 187 26 6, 160 21,600 280, 150 1,000 18, 425 326, 335 35, 615 31, 352 452 27 26, 114 61,045 803, 484 40, 946 42, 090 973, 679 139, 446 62. 511 1, 609 28 22,622 87, 750 1, 043, 825 68, 200 82, 551 1,304, 948 166, 093 100, 417 1, 768 29 27,000 45,000 525, 589 60, 591 658, 180 87, 629 36, 005 880 30 38, 159 104, 757 1, 414, 436 98, 767 123, 348 1, 779, 467 244, 115 114, 749 2,582 31 18, 576 262. 317 7,208 16, 349 304, 450 26,248 9,258 480 32 *5,000 *84,000 655, 680 106, 128 850, 808 88, 503 39, 212 1, 154 33 ‘15,000 ‘45,000 400, 759 36, 227 496,986 51, 639 30, 027 653 34 27, 368 400,340 17, 794 38, 238 483, 740 53, 359 24, 476 647 35 67, 462 720, 110 47, 059 66, 773 901, 404 121, 470 55, 102 1, 266 36 29,232 48,890 776, 096 49, 844 53, 645 957, 707 122, 061 52, 654 1,309 37 32,800 412. 092 16, 725 43, 140 504, 757 58, 221 18, 701 656 38 6,500 388, 914 16, 702 33, 086 445, 202 88, 878 32, 986 738 39 • 25,000 ‘ 60, 000 505, 269 60, 457 640, 726 59, 887 25, 391 791 40 20,820 6, 500 610, 611 11,850 60, 117 609, 898 88, 498 42, 544 870 41 26,300 388, 301 14, 257 30, 420 459, 278 51, 979 33, 494 631 42 ‘12,000 47,000 528, 615 65, 964 653, 579 118, 055 22, 681 984 43 392. 699 891. 624 15. 160. 296 364. 602 1. 621. 156 18. 430, 377 2, 507, 274 991, 354 27, 264 44 32,122 119,250 1,649, 578 21, 132 94,613 1,916,695 274,213 102, 617 2,670 45 6, 612 27,800 318,977 7,142 11,116 371, 647 59, 321 17, 756 530 46 4,000 12, 780 321,658 5,304 9, 697 353, 439 51,393 22, 521 486 47 10,500 29,989 383, 534 35, 005 459, 028 71, 802 19, 717 642 48 4,789 28, 183 407, 010 6,692 20, 710 467, 384 62, 775 28, 761 655 49 6,221 20, 498 218,399 1,994 18, 085 265, 197 28, 922 13, 862 357 50 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-60 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 61 Connecticut... . 27 84 238 1,084 18, 274 17, 872 32, 274 207, 200 62 Danbury . . . 6 25 119 1,924 1,930 3, 389 182 19, 817 63 Derby . . 6 8 35 496 462 888 180 10, 669 64 East Hartford . 4 11 30 166 2,477 2, 306 4, 439 180 21,371 65 Naugatuck . 4 7 8 66 1,127 1,162 2,059 181 15, 223 66 Shelton _ 6 6 49 847 816 1,455 180 9, 439 67 Torrington _ 4 11 28 120 1,984 2,119 3, 712 180 16, 309 68 Wallingford . . . 5 4 19 84 1,242 1,230 2,206 180 13, 663 59 Willimantic _ 4 20 61 1,195 1,222 2,017 181 15, 260 60 Other cities _ 10 30 94 384 6,982 6, 625 12, 109 85, 449 61 Georgia . 13 55 128 1,065 20, 391 20, 561 34, 772 132, 293 62 Albany _ 1 3 12 150 3,199 3,261 5, 499 175 16,790 63 Athens _ 10 11 10 126 2,193 2,195 3,789 180 20. 306 64 Dalton . . 1 9 89 1,774 1,651 2, 816 177 13, 336 65 Decatur . . 1 9 11 105 1,853 1,827 3,193 180 14, 632 66 Griffin _ 2 12 75 1,398 1,390 2, 395 180 11,412 67 La Grange _ 10 11 140 2, 518 2, 653 4, 367 176 11,873 68 Thomasville _ _ 8 18 92 1,786 1,758 3, 043 175 10, 968 69 Other cities 1 11 45 288 5, 670 5, 826 9, 670 32, 976 70 Idaho _ 13 54 249 820 18, 517 17, 907 31, 248 171,972 71 Boise _ _ 4 16 67 247 4, 922 5, 000 8, 509 178 57, 305 72 Coeur d’Alene _ 2 21 64 1,409 1,284 2, 493 172 10, 683 73 Lewiston . . . 5 6 26 73 1,659 1,667 2, 523 178 16, 728 74 Pocatello . 1 12 31 143 3, 656 3, 513 6,167 172 30, 718 75 Twin Falls _ _ 2 5 28 97 • 2, 179 « 2, 180 3, 699 174 13, 959 76 Other cities _ 1 13 76 196 4, 692 4,263 7,857 42, 579 77 Illinois _ 73 164 1, 194 3,246 56, 022 54, 395 97, 351 1,061,704 78 Brookfield, District 4 30 495 477 926 189 14, 688 No. 95. 79 Canton _ 1 3 26 81 1,444 1,410 2,569 175 19,184 80 Champaign _ 15 5 41 141 « 2, 110 • 2, 111 3, 816 188 21,341 East Moline: 81 Elementary District. 4 5 6 44 834 719 1,352 185 15, 259 82 High School District. 25 20 505 520 906 185 21, 062 Elmhurst: 83 Elementary District. 5 14 79 1,323 1,243 2,270 186 22, 957 84 High School District. 2 38 28 •813 •812 1,490 187 21, 591 85 Forest Park . . 2 2 6 36 415 435 847 187 13, 716 86 Galesburg . . 7 72 168 2,717 2, 639 4,863 185 19, 352 Highland Park: 87 Elementary District- 1 7 30 375 364 636 186 12, 504 No. 107. 88 Elementary District 2 5 12 48 596 586 1,016 185 17, 314 No. 108. 89 High School District 1 29 25 537 493 998 187 22,901 No. 113. 90 Jacksonville _ 6 6 31 89 1,185 1,152 2,174 176 17, 977 91 Kankakee _ 20 109 1,597 1,568 2,929 185 24, 652 92 Kewanee _ 3 21 81 1,208 1,155 2,211 180 19, 094 La Grange: 93 Elementary District- 3 5 88 1,119 1,061 1,806 186 32,620 94 High School District. 2 52 39 1,124 963 1,571 191 20, 864 Lincoln: 95 Elementary District- 5 38 •617 •617 1,087 185 6, 258 No. 27. 96 High School District. 1 19 12 265 293 643 179 5, 522 97 Park Ridge District 3 7 80 • 1, 222 • 1, 222 1,990 185 15, 250 No. 64. 98 Wilmette . . . 3 3 9 75 •962 •963 1,637 180 38,387 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Cubrent expenditures for— Continued School plant Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Total * (in thou¬ sands) 16 17 18 19 5, 152, 499 726, 709 316,533 6,960 51 587, 520 82,337 20, 456 ' 766 52 194, 653 23, 246 8, 448 255 53 693, 161 115, 152 22, 871 898 54 328, 405 49, 544 22, 378 484 55 216, 146 32, 424 9, 842 302 56 619, 776 82, 722 44, 969 816 57 407, 455 52, 226 22, 599 546 58 252, 183 48, 773 20, 392 440 59 1, 853, 200 240, 285 144, 578 2,453 60 3, 013, 321 308,388 113, 631 4,107 61 477, 342 388, 690 46, 953 38, 577 600 62 34, 236 9,194 666 63 235, 469 20, 000 4, 132 329 64 319, 552 46, 184 5,585 461 65 197, 213 28, 935 5, 879 291 66 376, 536 50, 468 8, 450 449 67 172, 861 845, 658 8, 367 16, 720 272 68 73, 245 25, 094 1,039 60 3, 353, 390 482, 032 319, 066 4,881 70 945, 546 133, 018 155, 930 1,447 71 236, 969 43, 490 8, 015 337 72 351,324 52, 988 12, 270 512 73 592, 376 93, 892 82, 611 909 74 387, 186 47, 883 28, 862 533 75 839, 989 110, 761 31, 378 1,143 76 16, 272, 864 2, 914, 789 1, 185, 668 23, 585 77 89, 418 18, 902 4, 576 135 78 328, 639 56, 116 45, 601 485 79 805, 780 130, 372 33, 184 1,006 80 207, 117 37, 199 10, 910 286 81 174, 775 24, 960 17, 602 264 82 314, 670 59, 336 29, 279 441 83 300, 162 44, 136 13, 182 406 84 167, 982 33, 848 16, 543 244 85 838, 366 143, 063 23, 225 1, 107 86 150, 629 31, 498 202 87 288, 794 47, 793 10, 382 376 88 322, 185 60, 270 42, 817 726 89 448, 586 59, 348 34, 294 613 90 449, 096 99, 236 53,303 665 91 321, 328 54, 918 29,528 455 92 328, 810 45, 739 40,370 460 93 470, 876 86, 213 11, 731 644 94 94,361 9, 907 112 95 116, 366 27, 181 2, 660 161 96 321, 873 63, 360 19, 089 436 97 348, 726 1 55, 520 1 22,603 508! 98 Instruction in full-time day schools, only Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Principals 11 13 100,017 366, 913 23,975 24, 661 17, 165 47, 205 15,700 29, 995 20, 840 12, 897 48,900 17,600 19, 475 13, 670 36,655 138, 192 34,907 155, 673 4, 325 12,160 22,000 25, 659 3, 5C0 4, 766 26, 893 6,814 28, 555 14, 431 3,816 37,661 49, 732 208,783 14,840 61, 772 6,000 19,239 28, 378 6,452 38,598 5,701 24,246 3,500 49, 789 283,453 726,179 3,025 10, 035 97, 116 38, 951 11,900 19. 575 24,015 - .. 7,938 8,000 9, 400 21,892 4,000 9,500 23,473 10,000 23,570 24,415 13, 650 15, 570 13,000 5,600 14, 401 16,538 16, 147 Other s Teachers Clerks 13 14 4, 323, 466 627, 357 159, 128 573, 108 264,938 186, 234 517, 197 333,586 208, 870 1, 553, 048 2, 684, 110 435, 825 328, 452 226, 675 264, 581 175,080 333, 400 150, 369 769, 718 14, 192, 164 83, 063 64, 415 4, 449 3, 525 16, 409 1,624 2, 7, 400 4, 456 7, 234 16, 320 18, 957 1,518 3, 054 1,1 9, 971 2,520 297, 688 31, 739 7,339 39, 274 16, 148 6,074 33, 382 32, 338 22, 409 108, 985 119, 674 23, 514 9, 525 5, 294 21,408 5. 348 14, 581 8, 061 31, 943 190, 143 39, 450 9, 092 27, 848 36. 668 24,723 52, 362 869, 254 4,315 5, 901 70, 125 12, 825 8, 275 9, 484 8, 386 9,836 47, 886 4,746 10, 593 27, 633 17, 990 13, 378 16, 136 15. 669 10, 594 4, 558 10, 160 15, 336 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 lfi'i 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 to City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY 8CHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length Of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Illinois— Con. Winnetka: Elementary District. 4 20 72 863 807 1,431 180 35,223 High School District. 6 65 70 1,185 1,106 1,939 185 72, 254 40 97 661 1,763 32, 511 31, 679 56, 344 551, 734 Indiana _ 48 124 714 1,715 35, 215 34, 411 60, 752 391, 309 Bedford . . . 2 6 17 66 1,030 1,037 1,998 180 11,314 4 53 125 1,851 1,836 3, 223 174 19, 954 Columbus _ _ 1 6 40 82 1,975 1,789 3,459 180 15, 939 Crawfordsville _ 4 29 54 1,104 1,167 2, 022 178 11,887 Frankfort . _ . 2 4 30 82 1,557 1,507 2, 653 171 15, 378 6 30 56 1,174 1,248 2,188 169 14, 999 Huntington . 3 7 25 65 1,151 1,205 2,116 180 13, 740 1 33 57 1,328 1,302 2, 222 171 13, 173 La Fayette . 5 10 48 122 2,764 2, 457 4,350 176 32, 792 Logansport. _ 1 42 92 1,896 1,771 3, 008 176 25, 679 Michigan City . 2 4 43 85 2, 017 1,997 3,606 180 19, 020 Other cities _ 33 71 324 829 17, 368 17, 095 29, 907 197, 434 Iowa _ 37 91 347 1,307 21, 889 21,323 38. 686 273, 967 Boone _ 4 7 19 68 1,338 1,256 2, 192 180 16,166 Clinton . 3 8 32 144 2,345 2, 315 4, 258 181 21,643 Fort Madison . 1 2 17 64 927 950 1,718 179 16, 167 Keokuk . _ . 6 5 27 79 1,398 1,404 2, 481 180 28, 855 Marshalltown _ _ 3 8 24 106 1,759 1,715 3,116 180 17, 668 Mason City... . 7 13 45 173 2, 573 2,429 4, 506 180 32, 115 Muscatine _ 11 30 95 1,719 1,744 3,262 180 15, 718 Newton _ _ 5 4 20 74 1,404 1,410 2,248 180 12, 997 Other cities _ 8 33 133 504 8, 426 8, 100 14, 905 112, 638 Kansas _ 25 94 430 1,176 23, 811 22, 448 39, 687 233, 526 Chanute _ 2 8 24 59 1,240 1,159 2, 096 180 12, 016 Fort Scott _ 2 19 57 1,004 854 1,609 176 11,456 Independence _ 5 30 61 1,407 1,261 2, 283 176 12, 378 Leavenworth _ . . 1 10 20 88 1,582 1,565 2, 672 180 20,368 Manhattan . 1 3 24 62 1,319 1,214 2, 070 174 18, 665 Newton. . . . 4 8 20 61 1,156 1,249 2, 215 180 10, 598 Ottawa _ 5 22 55 1,050 1,033 1,761 179 13, 718 Parsons _ 8 33 80 1,545 1,415 2,568 176 12, 781 Pittsburg _ _ _ 1 8 23 85 1,541 1,510 2, 577 175 14, 065 Other cities... _ . 16 37 215 568 11,967 11,188 19, 836 107, 481 Kentucky _ 9 45 87 568 9,561 9, 496 16, 551 104, 491 Ashland. _ _ 5 13 15 185 2, 868 2, 804 5,149 174 21,869 Bowling Green _ 6 18 71 1,354 1,348 2, 221 180 14, 486 Fcrt Thomas. . 4 11 45 576 563 1,047 176 16, 282 Frankfort _ _ 7 9 46 674 707 1,308 184 14,154 Hopkinsville _ 6 13 68 1,052 1,101 1,953 178 9,024 Other cities _ 4 9 21 153 3,037 2, 973 4, 873 28, 676 Louisiana _ . 3 22 60 319 5, 958 5,983 10, 849 47, 622 Bogalusa . . . 2 5 17 114 2,088 2,155 3,990 180 18, 977 Lake Charles _ 9 23 101 1,895 1,910 3, 420 180 14, 392 Monroe _ _ 1 8 20 104 1,975 1,918 3, 439 180 14, 253 Maine _ 14 34 177 755 12, 644 12, 075 22, 460 69, 864 Augusta... . . 3 7 23 78 1,430 1,396 2,547 177 9, 529 Bath _ _ _ 1 19 71 1,344 1,196 2, 301 180 8, 760 Biddeford _ _ 4 6 35 558 557 950 180 5, 000 Rumford _ 1 23 52 811 703 1,424 180 5,197 Other cities _ .. ii 21 106 5191 8, 501 8, 223 15, 238 41, 378 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total * (in thou¬ Other * Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 26, 242 343, 207 12, 559 18, 690 400,698 66, 489 33,784 546 99 44, 79E 660, 862 45, 356 751. 017 160, 992 45, 252 1,115 100 113, 804 383, 076 7, 216, 681 68,584 450, 465 8, 232, 610 1, 498. 393 645, 753 12, 192 101 214, 107 566, 803 8, 426, 227 107, 103 312,385 9, 626, 625 1, 460, 906 535. 537 12. 604 102 10, 132 25, 125 258, 895 1,87* 4, 225 300. 255 40. 827 12, 399 374 103 15, 650 431,368 3, 750 27, 160 477, 928 91, 573 28,411 764 |104 5, 736 28. 90C 394, 412 4, 062 11,047 444, 157 65, 368 19, 351 565 105 13, 572 275, 265 5, 094 11,559 305, 490 40, 425 13, 504 379 '! 106 8, 725 17, 45C 370, 675 2, 83( 17, 644 417,324 59. 062 497 107 30, 543 291, 70C 1,575 7, 464 331, 282! 52, 785 13, 395 421 :108 17, 362 34, 396 311, 135 2, 81* 13, 610 379, 321 62, 810 18. 161 505 ' 109 4, 758 318, 762 5. 524 329, 044| 47, 681 23, 651 424 no 21, 247 59, 175 656, 864 10, 738 26, 702 774, 726 1 113, 724 55, 795 994 111 5, 892 490, 045 6,709 13, 790 516, 436 1 78, 727 41, 778 663 112 10, 058 20,600 497, 165 5, 392 14, 087 547, 302 97, 657 32, 050 729 113 140, 847 310, 742 | 4, 129, 941 62, 257 159, 573 4, 803, 360 710, 267 277, 042 6, 289 114 144, 606 390, 525 4, 834, 791 68, 408 272, 345 5, 710, 675 978, 605 405, 817 7,880 115- 1?, 694 25, 628 256, 271 2,137 13, 746 313, 476 55, 814 15, 455 441 116 12. 633 33, 542 533, 148 13, 812 28, 821 621, 956 114, 558 48,272 889 117 3,000 7,400 220, 404 12. 348 243. 152 42, 113 15, 210 339 118 21,420 18, 224 322, 192 8, 076 20, 830 390, 742 55, 457 32, 420 531 11» 9,000 27. 000 368, 844 28, 760 433,604 78, 437 30, 519 590 120> 26, 950 68, 438 680, 467 7, 223 41,531 824, 609 135. 089 51, 638 1, 097 121 62, 239 357, 945 9, 462 17, 241 446, 887 64. 682 13, 504 585 122 20,000 16,000 262, 369 20,518 318, 887 45. 547 21,265 443 123 35, 909 132, 054 1,833, 151 27, 698 88, 550 2.117,362 386,908 177, 534 2,965 |124 91. 736 345, 196 4, 383, 084 71, 470 282,122 5, 173, 608 715, 657 279, 225 6,750 '125 5,400 20,630 213, 692 3, 725 8,013 251, 460 43,800 5, 182 344 126 8,100 194, 587 3,947 15,511 222, 145 27, 185 2,329 280 127 20, 724 243, 146 4,385 15, 802 284, 057 45,163 5,503 357; 128 3, 958 26, 361 265, 379 5,544 18,404 319, 646 41,205 31,448 437 ; 129 3, 657 11, 335 262, 781 3, 522 11,810 293,105 36, 216 13, 499 372 130 13, 979 35, 229 223, 208 3, 456 22, 367 298.239 42,556 4, 497 364 131 20, 474 197, 294 2. 610 15, 748 236. 126 31, 196 13, 858 303 j 132 27. 192 278, 798 4, 278 16. 780 327, 048 40, 610 11,349 451 133 3,300 29, 050 298, 408 4,804 15,010 350, 572 49, 548 40, 395 477 134 61,442 146, 101 2, 205, 791 35, 199 142, 677 2, 591, 210 358, 178 151, 165 3, 365 135 22, 200 138, 633 1,345, 882 9,730 42. 602 1, 659, 047 192, 122 99, 785 2,082 136 14,200 37, 347 415, 189 3,986 17,881 488,603 55, 493 39, 126 668 137 22, 818 148, 021 3,323 174, 162 16, 536 5 703 217 138 16. 050 156, 859 2,200 7, 159 182] 268 25] 732 9] 897 243 139 22, 936 126,548 3,367 152, 851 24. 034 17, 541 221 1 ah 14, 370 144, 409 4, 300 163] 079 24 537 7 575 219 1 41 8,000 25, 112 354, 856 3,544 6,572 398] 084 45] 790 19] 943 514 142 14, 015 88, 804 1, 138, 834 3,880 45. 819 1, 291, 352 95, 615 72,254 1,984 143 9,200 20, 574 412, 178 27. 602 469, 554 35, 461 25, 121 700 144 35,580 348, 326 1,380 7, 956 393, 242 32. 846 9] 172 592 145 4,815 32, 650 378, 330 2,500 10, 261 428, 556 27, 308 37, 961 692 146 53,281 124, 985 2, 103, 240 19. 708 173, 787 2, 475, 001 442, 436 154, 212 3, 367 147 10, 863 22, 175 245, 355 2,500 15. 754 296.647 51.289 10. 188 384 : 148 4,500 212,253 3,000 29, 129! 248, 882 45, 236 10, 457 326 149 15,000 62. 570 897i 78, 467 18, 557 14, 070' 142 150 4,000' 172, 128 6, 478! 182 606 3l] 846 16' 696 1 42, 418 79, 310l 1, 410, 9341 14,208 121, 5291 1, 668] 399j 295] 508 102] 801 2, 189 1 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days laught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Massachusetts _ 183 250 1,011 3,924 62, 778 60, 355 112, 427 740, 700 2 16 37 « 624 • 624 1, 159 177 11 366 Andover _ _ 5 11 50 832 830 1,555 176 7, 343 Athol _ _ _ _ 2 6 16 60 1,008 993 1,861 173 12, 409 Attleboro _ 8 8 19 112 1,731 1,703 3,118 180 18. 003 Beverly . . . 6 9 26 139 1,874 1,851 3,420 179 23, 367 Clinton _ 1 21 42 690 745 1, 326 177 11, 555 Danvers _ 3 5 17 69 1,103 1, 100 2, 010 179 8, 347 2 9 39 524 546 957 179 7, 655 Fairhaven _ 3 5 13 56 949 994 1,771 181 9, 428 Framingham _ 10 10 32 115 1,948 1,840 3, 359 180 25, 169 Gardner _ 4 8 18 66 1,042 951 1,895 169 12, 898 Greenfield _ _ _ 1 2 22 79 1,235 1,199 2, 216 180 11,163 4 19 80 1,239 1,198 2, 261 178 10, 281 Marblehead _ _ 7 11 92 1,088 1,027 1,967 178 \2, 332 Marlboro - 4 3 16 59 973 875 1,641 177 11, 987 Melrose - - - 5 10 28 128 1,902 1,788 3, 365 179 21,644 Methuen _ .. - 6 7 17 88 1,513 1,410 2, 750 177 15, 453 Milton _ 6 7 22 104 1,661 1,420 2,806 179 18, 560 Natich - - - 6 3 20 82 1,647 1,442 2, 766 176 15, 941 Newbury port _ 5 2 2 74 889 904 1,620 178 9, 259 North Adams _ 7 28 108 1,614 1,602 2, 921 176 15, 783 North bridge _ 2 18 42 833 735 1,457 179 8,642 Peabody . . . 6 10 26 95 1,470 1,382 2, 625 176 20, 382 Plymouth. - - 3 5 22 65 1,216 1,136 2,157 180 13, 002 Saugus _ 3 2 26 73 1,661 1,534 2,946 177 9,319 Southbridge . . 3 5 13 55 893 904 1,622 182 11,647 Stoneham _ 4 2 15 56 934 912 1,721 180 14, 452 Other cities _ 95 111 508 1, 859 29, 685 28, 710 53, 155 373, 313 Mtchtoan _ _ 42 137 963 2, 740 48, 460 47, 760 87, 487 759, 123 Adrian . 2 7 20 101 1,550 1,520 2, 873 190 17,557 Alpena _ 2 27 57 1,147 1,063 1,848 188 21,456 Ann Arbor _ 10 60 165 6 2, 530 6 2, 532 4,741 192 36, 344 Birmingham _ ' _ 7 26 116 6 1, 804 •1,804 3,300 200 33, 821 Calumet _ 4 26 35 »862 •861 1,623 190 11, 566 Escanaba . . . 1 2 26 84 1,453 1,442 2, 666 174 15, 154 Ferndale _ 10 45 152 « 2, 963 8 2, 964 4,804 200 43, 455 Grosse Pointe... . 1 9 52 176 » 2, 776 6 2, 778 5, 069 189 52, 279 Holland . 4 35 76 1,412 1,404 2, 612 184 12, 291 Iron Mountain 7 - 4 2 13 61 993 999 1,866 179 13,388 Iron wood _ _ 1 1 27 53 1,068 1,010 1,884 182 17, 054 Menominee _ 1 2 26 52 1,042 1,000 1,936 195 13, 242 Midland... . . 2 6 48 113 1,911 1,906 3, 522 190 30, 053 Monroe _ _ 3 5 44 110 « 1,799 « 1, 801 3, 450 195 33, 979 Mount Clemens - :... 2 1 15 106 1,670 1,658 2,894 190 21,184 Muskegon Heights... 4 4 38 95 2,174 2, 081 3, 858 200 19, 932 Other cities _ 21 61 435 1,188 21, 306 20, 937 38, 541 366, 368 Minnesota _ 36 64 433 1,169 19, 576 18, 608 34, 232 276, 107 Albert Lea . . 1 2 40 85 1,721 1,632 2, 934 172 12, 799 Brainerd - - 2 4 26 93 1,581 1,521 2,621 172 19, 690 Faribault _ 2 1 24 53 964 949 1,697 172 13, 389 Fergus Falls . 1 2 19 69 1,125 1,224 2,140 172 13, 911 Rochester . . 5 14 64 143 2, 364 2,200 4,036 180 47, 083 South St. Paul . 4 8 24 81 1,611 1,562 2, 835 172 23, 744 Virginia . . . 3 4 37 93 1,229 1,049 2,124 180 22, 778 Other cities . . . 18 29 199 552 8,981 8,471 15, 845 122, 713 footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures jor— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total < (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks Other 3 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 752,414 1, 075, 571 14, 951, 492 157, 721 1, 075, 876 18, 013, 074 2, 709, 193 1, 110, 896 23,902 153 8, 132 157, 830 1, 900 15, 778 183, 640 27, 510 9, 606 244 154 20, 000 202, 698 5,237 10, 773 238, 708 47, 066 9,911 326 155 8,704 22, 769 184, 742 2, 547 11, 694 230, 456 40, 721 7,512 305 156 28, 714 31, 925 366, 455 1, 856 23, 016 451, 966 60, 302 32, 918 593 157 22, 470 38, 844 478, 265 9, 636 35, 160 584, 375 113, 163 46, 897 794 158 4, 770 182, 299 1,832 6, 864 195, 765 30, 244 12, 546 264 159 9, 124 18, 950 250, 743 4, 216 18, 579 301, 612 47, 031 25, 886 392 160 7, 426 133, 915 2, 821 6, 546 150, 708 28, 880 13, 541 217 161 12, 000 20, 000 197, 321 13, 874 243, 195 41, 240 16, 891 326 162 40, 000 40, 000 449, 416 5,666 9,581 543, 997 72. 474 41, 961 741 163 14, 936 29, 952 242, 061 2, 350 18, 250 307, 549 45, 999 36, 494 419 164 6,800 8,400 282, 720 5,248 27, 554 330, 722 56, 428 22, 551 442 165 23, 392 273, 927 8, 800 20, 270 326, 389 45, 062 20, 935 426 166 28, 850 285, 872 3, 623 27, 631 345, 976 63, 576 11, 335 450 167 16, 500 11, 300 189, 717 400 3, 914 221, 831 29, 163 12, 439 295 168 23, 450 48, 575 539, 890 4,981 43, 573 660, 469 88, 721 58, 794 852 169 26, 822 31, 091 285, 070 3, 900 18, 177 365, 060 60, 216 17, 480 485 170 24, 000 37, 699 403, 200 21, 765 486, 664 72, 792 34, 007 631 171 26, 400 13, 125 300, 363 29, 994 369, 882 63, 652 15, 775 494 172 16, 851 11, 761 203, 823 4, 432 19, 735 256, 602 32, 275 17. 921 331 173 26, 674 393, 524 2,800 29, 722 452, 720 63, 475 26, 071 599 174 6, 711 176, 453 1, 920 8, 961 194, 045 28, 965 10, 001 261 175 24,000 40, 000 380, 418 5,321 18, 521 468, 260 63, 106 53, 616 668 176 12, 284 19, 775 267, 962 4, 769 3, 897 308, 687 26, 708 10, 630 413 177 12, 000 8,000 288, 229 2, 100 16, 778 327, 107 57, 226 19, 664 430 178 10. 700 20, 517 216, 117 2, 100 15, 008 264, 442 39, 621 4,330 348 179 17, 750 10, 300 228, 387 4, 102 12, 245 272, 784 36. 503 6, 228 343 180 398, 909 486, 633 7, 390, 075 65, 830 588, 016 8, 929, 463 1,327, 074 514, 956 11,813 181 186, 471 695, 108 12, 748, 447 219, 722 962, 651 14, 812, 399 2, 777, 957 983, 741 20, 272 182 10, 000 43, 058 394, 944 3,000 45, 776 496, 778 81, 988 21, 240 645 183 10, 000 282, 781 4,240 17, 641 314, 662 51, 837 14, 821 464 184 51, 850 729, 251 19, 214 48, 998 849. 313 148, 617 65, 275 1,269 185 38, 745 506, 844 22, 310 42, 908 610, 807 147, 449 30, 291 853 186 13, 919 161, 933 9, 784 185, 636 39, 866 14, 359 262 187 4, 500 8, 650 328, 405 4, 155 23, 983 369, 693 64, 953 17, 290 507 188 49, 730 774, 251 20, 717 44, 896 889, 594 158. 049 76, 860 1, 236 189 7,020 73, 606 982, 644 40, 553 81, 513 1, 185, 336 276, 806 60, 474 1, 693 190 15, 549 387, 890 6, 915 9, 217 419, 571 63, 180 24, 312 546 191 14, 618 7, 305 151, 682 1, 613 15, 041 190, 259 33. 067 19, 746 279 192 6, 929 5, 560 231, 304 8, 107 21, 109 273, 009 68, 768 21, 985 400 193 3, 215 6, 167 236, 082 3, 000 18, 133 266, 597 49, 538 24, 046 380 194 9,900 29, 046 603, 644 6, 057 32, 801 680, 448 136, 268 29, 039 885 195 16, 533 25, 517 512, 961 71, 685 626, 696 120. 469 25, 549 882 196 11, 625 5,500 391,737 3, 958 26, 700 439, 520 90, 405 41, 470 620 197 15, 519 17, 570 453, 114 7, 960 25, 168 519, 331 74, 219 36, 748 667 198 86,612 293, 336 5, 618, 980 68, 923 427, 298 6, 495, 149 1, 172, 478 460, 236 8,684 199 149,858 298, 207 5, 386, 544 88,073 446, 119 6,368, 801 1, 307, 965 333, 961 9, 090 200 4, 300 10, 276 374, 699 4, 540 30, 891 424, 706 77, 274 21, 925 580 201 8,000 18,000 360, 836 27, 271 414, 107 95, 486 26, 789 576 202 11, 257 7,173 248. 170 3, 808 29, 394 299, 802 40, 061 23, 314 442 203 3,000 7,000 243, 866 25, 455 279, 321 49, 588 32,901 386 204 27, 490 71, 910 749, 363 22, 082 82, 331 953, 176 160, 273 20, 416 1, 294 205 11,600 32, 955 360, 083 5, 100 27, 457 437, 195 82, 698 7, 675 598 206 14, 666 18, 452 479, 565 12, 776 8, 624 525, 083 159, 252 28, 799 824 207 69, 545 132, 441 2, 569, 962 39, 767 214, 696 3,035,411 643,333 172, 142 4, 390 208 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7 71 119 990 20,183 20, 420 34, 601 173, 434 8 7 84 1,689 1,659 2, 749 180 17, 294 8 13 81 1,726 1,851 2, 923 180 13* 262 212 Hattiesburg . . 1 9 13 130 2, 420 2, 413 4,112 180 20’, 271 213 Laurel _ 1 7 12 134 2, 566 2, 632 4,396 180 19, 380 5 7 101 1,777 1, 788 3,112 178 21 , 273 5 8 14 8 88 1,774 1,855 3, 186 178 * 13', 980 216 5 29 53 372 8, 231 8, 222 14, 123 67’ 974 017 Missouri _ 28 97 297 1,441 24, 046 22, 789 41,027 249, 082 218 Cape Girardeau. . 1 6 27 95 1,530 1,454 2, 598 178 13, 989 219 Clayton _ 3 7 27 88 1,169 1,141 1,977 182 23. 894 220 Hannibal _ 3 7 12 113 1,776 1,694 2,973 180 11,495 221 Kirksville _ 1 3 12 64 1,047 971 1,710 179 8, 359 222 Kirkwood. . 2 10 27 121 2, 277 2,177 3,858 189 27, 292 223 Maplewood . . 6 7 21 93 1,416 1,276 2, 311 190 18, 384 224 Moberly _ _ _ 1 2 19 76 1,101 1,076 1,964 180 9, 200 225 St. Charles 6 13 52 897 838 1, 458 188 13, 358 226 Webster Groves . 3 11 35 164 2, 524 2, 361 4, 337 183 44’, 117 227 Other cities _ 9 38 104 675 10, 309 9,801 17, 841 78, 994 228 Montana _ 17 39 157 622 11, 445 11,112 19, 950 143, 818 229 Anaconda 4 15 52 8 829 8 830 1,498 180 21. 041 230 Billings... . 2 10 38 191 3,460 3, 318 6,159 180 24, 781 231 Great Falls . . . 9 13 39 188 3, 493 3, 438 6,152 180 50, 473 232 Helena 4 23 82 1,361 1,379 2, 495 180 22, 014 Missoula: 233 Elementary District- 4 7 16 85 1,643 1,515 2, 526 180 18, 088 234 High School District. 2 1 26 24 659 632 1,120 184 7, 421 235 Nebraska _ 12 26 182 592 11,103 10, 908 18, 603 97, 895 236 Beatrice. _ _ 1 2 14 75 1,128 1,166 1,824 181 13, 611 237 Fremont _ _ 2 3 16 66 1,295 1,283 2,242 176 11,282 238 Grand Island _ 1 7 31 123 2, 088 2, 040 3, 626 180 20, 877 239 Hastings . . . 3 8 28 99 1,846 1,763 3,197 180 12, 732 240 Norfolk _ _ 2 2 29 55 1,009 979 1,696 176 9, 574 241 Other cities _ 3 4 64 174 3, 739 3, 677 6,018 29, 819 Nevada 242 Reno . . . 2 11 48 139 2, 687 2, 508 4, 304 181 39,995 243 New Hampshire. .. 6 31 182 636 9, 377 8, 769 16, 234 158, 355 244 Berlin _ 2 19 40 655 498 1,059 180 10, 172 245 Claremont . 4 1 16 51 961 848 1,638 178 8,841 246 Concord 6 39 112 1,703 1,614 2, 972 173 31, 704 247 Dover g 16 44 1, 109 963 1,812 175 17, 030 248 Keene . . . 1 1 30 69 1,384 1,345 2, 451 176 21, 656 249 Laconia _ 1 2 24 60 982 925 1,757 180 16, 103 250 Other cities 11 38 160 2, 583 2, 576 4, 545 52, 849 251 New Jersey 89 241 1,289 4, 293 69, 818 67, 121 119, 382 1, 081, 573 252 Asbury Park . 6 33 88 1,553 1, 529 2, 624 183 23, 970 253 Bergenfield _ 2 26 77 1,466 1,253 2, 338 180 14, 073 254 Bridgeton... . 1 6 33 125 1,933 1,983 3, 388 186 22, 524 255 Cliff side Park.. _ 5 24 77 1,042 1, 045 1,849 182 17, 689 256 Collingswood _ 4 23 73 6 1,170 6 1, 171 2, 048 182 25, 730 257 Dover _ 4 24 67 1,156 1, 178 1, 962 182 13, 039 258 Englewood _ 6 7 27 116 1,745 1,642 2, 940 182 29, 168 259 Garfield . . . . 9 23 137 8 1,824 8 1, 825 3, 288 184 26, 017 260 1 Gloucester City . 1 2 20 54 971 989 1,632 180 13, 553 261 i Hackensack _ _ 3 7 40 153 2,458 2,320 4,167 183 42, 912 202 Hillside _ _ 2 5 27 115 1,754 1, 648 3, 028 181 15, 780 263 Lodi - - 1 5 37 94 1,820 1, 733 3,094 185 33, 953 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures fob— Continued \ Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total « (in thou¬ Other s Total Operation Mainte¬ nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19, 288 214. 176 2, 224, 643 39, 630 97, 853 2, 595, 590 269, 157 222, 021 3, 342 109 25.845 199, 782 3,133 15,488 244, 248 38, 211 40, 037 347 210 19, 793 173, 869 4, 250 4,244 202, 156 17, 352 21, 665 265 211 3, 000 29, 907 295, 065 4,393 11, 330 343, 695 31, 582 17, 781 429 212 2, 271 27, 519 275, 688 4,755 16,116 326, 349 44, 314 14, 211 392 213 17,170 202, 773 2, 476 7, 713 230, 132 23, 242 16, 637 294 214 « 15, 400 179, 695 2,172 7, 373 204, 640 21,980 21, 737 265 215 14, 017 78, 542 897, 771 18, 451 35, 589 1, 044, 370 92,476 89, 953 1,350 216 123, 691 391,025 4, 752, 591 94, 056 391, 644 5, 753, 007 867, 399 325, 064 7,815 217 6,944 19, 985 309, 078 2, 519 20, 126 358, 652 33, 706 27, 440 462 218 14, 960 46, 133 419, 502 17, 185 42, 890 540, 670 107, 378 18, 533 762 219 7, 735 23, 423 309, 250 7, 356 25,635 373, 399 57, 272 25, 696 540 220 3,518 14. 258 157, 823 1,421 14, 558 191,578 23, 651 7, 760 258 221 9,850 42, 612 460, 854 5, 618 49, 563 568, 497 95, 833 29, 361 784 222 23, 377 32, 026 351, 755 2,929 25, 954 436, 041 80,743 14, 399 600 223 4, 000 10, 362 188, 488 2, 689 16, 717 222, 256 33, 071 11, 950 320 224 18, 950 177, 694 3, 870 7, 016 207, 530 40, 461 14,104 331 225 16, 814 46, 873 659, 770 18, 534 59, 794 801, 785 124, 576 64, 422 1,111 226 36, 493 136, 403 1, 718, 377 31, 935 129, 391 2, 052, 599 270, 708 111, 399 2, 647 227 59, 552 175, 260 2, 626, 058 27, 870 213, 639 3, 102, 379 469, 689 236, 270 4, 379 228 17, 200 210, 887 2, 700 13, 617 244, 404 50, 701 9, 991 360 229 10, 280 60, 740 768, 506 11, 669 49, 222 900, 417 117, 512 49,111 1,179 230 28, 257 46, 900 775, 134 13, 501 53, 393 917, 185 134, 809 67, 700 1,261 231 19,842 365, 266 31, 017 416, 125 82, 992 55, 348 649 232 12, 515 24, 078 331, 162 56, 402 424, 157 53, 779 37, 087 612 233 8, 500 6, 500 175, 103 9,988 200, 091 29, 896 18, 033 318 234 46, 816 94,874 1, 998, 099 20, 386 172, 238 2, 332, 413 319, 099 141, 292 2, 966 235 3.418 7, 653 231, 407 2, 452 23, 951 268, 881 43, 261 8,727 342 236 8,485 10, 823 234, 878 3,128 13, 064 270, 378 41, 346 5, 754 334 237 3, 902 25, 512 404, 027 3, 935 40, 902 478, 278 55, 712 41, 502 613 238 9,353 26, 058 353, 938 1,687 31, 255 422, 291 46, 496 51, 706 540 239 8, 793 7, 463 178, 723 2, 919 14, 203 212, 101 39, 509 5, 824 272 240 12, 865 17, 365 595, 126 6,265 48, 863 680, 484 92, 775 27, 779 865 241 15, 800 51, 372 665, 109 12, 385 88, 120 832, 786 116, 075 75, 024 1,142 242 24, 245 121, 766 ‘ 2,153,530 26,916 167, 019 2, 493, 476 369, 601 109, 224 3, 653 243 9,100 186, 407 4, 570 13, 260 213, 337 44, 657 9,195 313 244 12, 945 5, 500 191, 792 1,615 13, 582 225, 434 29, 907 13, 579 323 245 28, 667 462, 742 6, 311 29, 611 527, 331 71,401 26, 291 731 246 24,585 204, 202 1,929 28, 679 259, 395 42, 503 16, 471 415 247 6, 000 5, 600 320, 943 5,194 22, 358 360, 095 51,324 20, 381 587 248 5,300 8, 500 252,430 2, 793 18, 236 287, 259 36, 123 5, 017 407 249 39, 814 535, 014 4, 504 41,293 620, 625 93, 686 18, 290 877 250 438, 135 1,150, 243 18, 558, 202 488, 505 1, 399, 118 22, 034, 203 3, 391, 934 2, 103, 223 30, 379 251 25, 935 367, 985 19, 524 413, 444 68, 625 43, 001 590 252 14, 500 304, 862 4,200 30, 294 353, 856 60, 123 19, 343 468 253 3, 375 25, 160 485, 534 11,491 35, 780 561, 340 60,161 45, 485 7211254 22, 750 308,011 12, 582 21, 251 364,594 64,041 26, 668 494 255 18, 650 263, 241 9,150 29, 446 320, 487 53, ( 69 26, 038 438 256 18, 072 304,719 7, 796 24,878 355, 465 54, 327 32, 387 480 257 25, 669 35, 450 526, 271 18,180 43, 218 648, 788 103,914 55, 855 868 258 37, 045 457, 778 5, 913 38,117 538, 853 104, 268 49, 306 757 259 4,150 8, 000 201, 900 3, 022 10, 703 227, 775 45. 027 13. 837 3141260 10,280 34, 800 675, 749 15,814 85, 631 822, 274 112, 424 81,988 1, 104)261 8.700 24, 640 489,758 15,601 37, 799 576, 498 95. 749 46. 995 776 262 3, 435 22, 081 398, 114 12, 750 31,685 468, 065 102, 512 1 15, 872 644 263 264 265 266 207 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-, Table 3.- - Personnel , attendance , and current ex Group III— C IT Personnel and attendance in full-time day sch City Super¬ visors (posi- Prin¬ cipals (posi- Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance tions) tions) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New Jersey— Con. Long Branch _ 1 8 29 104 1, 819 1,731 3, 014 Millburn _ _ _ 4 35 71 1,139 1,121 1,136 1, 008 2, 017 1, 752 Neptune (P. O. Ocean 5 28 60 Grove). Nutley _ 3 6 46 145 2,170 2,050 3, 668 Phillipsburg _ _ 2 1 28 91 1,448 1,411 1, 370 2,590 Rahway--- .. _ 2 4 31 92 1, 499 2,534 4 17 63 890 868 1,512 3 25 70 1, 254 926 1, 105 2,053 1,699 4, 901 4 22 55 947 Union _ 6 8 49 159 2,769 2,765 Weehawken7 . 2 4 17 58 873 881 1,523 Westfield _ 2 5 39 117 1,859 1,918 3, 317 Woodbridge . . . 3 12 43 183 2,840 30, 319 2, 697 4, 855 Other cities _ _ 54 111 543 1,849 28, 918 51, 589 New Mexico. _ _ 19 30 127 424 9,321 9,121 14, 471 Clovis _ _ 7 6 26 101 1,854 2,054 1,749 3, 047 Hobbs . . . 1 7 32 87 1,973 2,976 Roswell _ 3 8 29 127 2,738 2,777 4, 272 Santa Fe . . 8 9 40 109 2,675 2,622 4,176 New York,. . 171 288 1, 334 4,925 79, 925 75, 804 135, 705 Batavia _ 3 9 26 105 1, 530 1,403 2,634 Corning: 1 District No. 9 . 4 17 41 680 663 1,187 District No. 13 2 20 56 1,005 1,444 972 1,704 2,412 Cortland . . 3 5 15 90 1,299 Endicott . 1 _ 10 8 37 183 2, 671 2,480 4,695 Freeport _ 2 7 36 123 2,120 2,006 3, 530 Garden City.. . 5 3 37 76 1,152 1,148 1,995 Geneva. . . . 1 5 20 74 1,176 1,063 1,946 Glen Cove _ 14 3 7 64 1,135 1, 078 1,908 Glens Falls. . . 2 6 25 85 1,310 1, 272 2,241 Hempstead . . 4 7 61 140 2, 672 2,530 4, 372 Hudson . . 1 ' 3 18 69 #995 #993 1,744 Ithaca . . 7 9 45 131 2,164 2,036 3,651 Johnstown. . . 3 2 12 64 951 913 1,664 Kingston . . 10 9 39 144 2,684 2,380 4, 401 Lackawanna . . 8 12 45 133 2,084 1,958 3,708 Lockport _ 6 7 39 122 2, 110 2, 029 3, 613 3, 221 Mamaroneck _ _ 3 7 33 131 1,896 1,830 North Tona wanda.... 4 8 32 115 2,046 1, 837 3, 493 Ogdensburg 7 _ 1 3 21 63 1, 048 935 1,729 Oneida 5 13 69 912 901 1, 619 Peekskill. - 4 3 30 77 1, 331 1,246 2,231 Pelham _ 5 21 80 1, 029 970 968 1,717 Plattsburg 1 14 61 1, 023 835 1,689 Rensselaer . . 5 3 3 61 814 1,436 Saratoga Springs . 8 6 9 82 1,160 1,284 1,181 2,059 Tona wanda . 1 6 24 76 1,261 2,297 Valley Stream: 1, 339 Elementary District 1 5 39 946 816 No. 13. Elementary District 2 3 27 447 440 714 No. 24. Elementary District 2 2 31 516 442 797 No. 30. High School Dis¬ 2 44 43 981 893 1,606 trict No. 1. Watervliet _ 2 6 69 967 903 1,605 Other cities _ ee footnotes at end of Gr 63 oup III 127 of this t 58l ;able. 2,221 35, 695 34, 070 60, 748 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949—50 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total * (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals1 Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 4, 638 37, 409 473, 623 8,120 30, 205 553,995 79. 312 62, 898 763 264 26, 20C 414, 499 21,866 31, 425 496, 990 78, 189 50, 781 693 265 22, 104 278, 337 8,740 24, 390 333, 571 52, 603 24, 270 515 266 13, 150 33, 500 689, 923 14, 639 39, 958 791, 170 101, 769 71,571 1,030 267 9, 024 5, 775 348, 328 3,900 31,951 398, 978 48, 280 39,688 540 268 9,700 18, 02C 390, 476 9, 543 20, 843 448, 582 67, 865 22. Ill 619 269 17, 475 253, 050 7, 200 17, 572 295, 297 65, 723 31,317 425 ! 270 12, 50C 321,176 10, 150 24, 877 368, 703 53, 479 27, 742 489 271 17, 50C 242, 223 4, 072 20, 391 284, 186 46, 305 24, 500 391 272 35, 550 43, 650 715, 132 28, 735 62, 062 885, 129 128, 532 78, 362 1,161 273 8,127 18, 350 254, 989 11,674 20, 696 313, 836 66,125 28, 310 458 ! 274 11,000 33, 150 601, 796 29, 893 46, 677 722, 516 102, 107 52, 520 927 275 13,100 53, 100 692, 698 19, 840 50, 805 829, 543 124,938 97, 565 1,184 276 278, 237 524, 427 8, 098, 030 193, 634 565, 940 9. 660, 268 1,451,867 1, 034, 813 13, 530 277 70,190 131, 740 1, 877, 064 11,481 91,745 2, 182, 220 172, 137 96, 051 2,696 278 21, 440 25, 250 386, 013 25, 525 458, 228 31,842 27, 934 577 279 6, 000 36, 690 403, 917 2, 681 15, 202 464, 490 43, 595 22, 504 615 280 12, 150 35, 900 544, 101 4,000 24, 160 620, 311 41, 463 13, 372 709 281 30, 600 33, 900 543, 033 4,800 26, 858 639, 191 55, 237 32, 241 795 282 823, 932 1, 452, 070 22, 272, 440 535, 278 1, 651, 505 26, 735, 225 4, 097, 783 2, 171, 494 39, 924 283 11,554 39, 798 448,943 8,608 26, 412 535, 315 79, 951 27, 017 791 284 4,000 15, 750 181, 910 1,441 9, 680 212, 781 32, 800 15, 361 307 285 9,800 218, 536 4, 104 11,853 244, 293 29, 064 34, 835 360 i 286 10, 922 18, 008 325,012 2, 587 24, 263 380, 792 64, 871 22, 931 557! 287 50, 750 33, 600 709,517 16, 253 65, 170 875, 290 120, 583 155, 106 1,322: 288 9, 100 38, 700 586, 942 23. 639 42, 674 701,055 123, 844 41, 137 1,096 289 25, 581 22, 000 529, 059 18, 733 46, 768 642,141 81, 083 64. 528 943 290 3, 975 24,283 300, 633 32, 838 361, 729 65, 516 14,164 527 291 70, 213 15, 407 269, 345 16,810 371,775 62, 651 29, 308 576 292 8,200 31, 400 376, 973 3, 950 27, 770 448, 293 80, 510 89, 832 718 1 293 35,850 49, 256 869, 766 28,125 80, 303 1, 063. 300 126, 857 74, 910 1,499 294 4,933 12, 323 271,278 4, 767 25, 037 318,338 41,094 37, 076 452 295 35, 570 47, 730 542, 131 12, 517 68,014 705, 962 106, 447 66, 624 1,036 296 11,815 11,200 238, 169 4, 827 19, 924 285, 935 35,838 30. 356 426, 297 44, 687 36, 800 600, 303 10, 447 45. 774 738, 011 94, 718 60, 528 1, 057 298 50, 962 73, 612 609, 733 24, 222 48, 692 807, 221 216, 270 53, 220 1,354 299 24, 144 33, 600 548, 880 9, 559 38, 334 654, 517 117, 906 40, 538 1,010 300 16, 366 38, 504 731,890 22, 010 48,497 857, 267 122, 347 95. 465 1,250 301 17, 450 39, 500 495, 273 9,586 32, 247 594, 056 92,417 63,851 898 302 4, 000 12, 025 247. 660 2, 375 16, 466 282, 526 61,900 8, 797 412 303 23,863 225, 003 4. 870 11,464 265, 200 35, 965 36, 574 406 304 18, 435 17, 550 406, 625 10, 056 34, 887 487, 553 78, 510 47, 376 738 305 26, 600 452, 577 6,500 33, 761 519, 438 75, 884 29, 007 725 306 5,200 197, 781 1,190 11,801 215, 972 35, 679 30, 750 333 307 19, 250 13, 275 204, 625 28, 327 265, 477 36, 233 20, 701 378 308 35, 212 26, 465 307, 104 6, 464 26, 473 401, 718 45, 179 26,811 562 309 6,946 27, 540 346,899 950 9,693 392, 028 69, 704 57, 701 614 310 6,800 153,977 6, 484 11,871 178, 132 18,939 4,239 399: 311 13, 000 120,012 4, 200 7, 055 144, 267 20, 647 18, 464 214 : 312 9, 000 111,647 3, 224 6, 837 130, 708 13, 950 4, 602 263 : 313 15, 400 410, 138 23,874 37, 258 486, 670 38, 220 18, 587 656: 314 10, 750 32, 350 228, 356 3, 222 14, 865 289, 543 51,963 32,838 422 315 293, 267 631, 731 10, 005, 7431 257, 494 b69, 687 11,877,922 1, 820, 243 818, 260 17, 623,316 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 8-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City Personnel anp attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current expendi¬ tures fob: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 317 North Carolina — 12 150 323 1, 928 35, 963 36, 096 64, 925 251.954 318 6 15 84 1,600 1,635 2, 885 180 16, 552 319 Fayetteville _ _ 1 9 21 123 2, 561 2, 549 4, 546 180 18, 994 320 Gastonia _ 16 28 191 « 3. 292 « 3, 294 5,903 180 17,215 321 Kinston _ 5 13 105 1,883 1,858 3, 373 180 13,053 322 Rockv Mount _ 2 10 24 141 2,625 2, 717 4, 789 180 15, 534 323 Salisbury _ 1 8 21 106 1,787 1,748 3, 173 180 14, 467 324 Shelby . 10 7 89 1, 548 1, 551 2, 876 180 12, 472 325 Statesville . . . i 6 14 85 1,512 1, 539 2, 715 180 14, 755 326 Thomas’ville--. . 1 5 12 71 1,284 1,316 2, 363 180 11,872 327 Wilson^. _ _ 1 8 25 126 « 2, 466 6 2, 469 4, 342 180 13, 707 328 5 67 143 807 15, 405 15, 420 27, 960 103, 333 329 6 9 89 251 4, 870 4, 637 8, 824 49, 728 330 Bismarck _ 3 2 32 60 1, 506 1,350 2, 731 180 8, 907 331 Grand Forks _ 3 5 39 88 1, 764 1,681 3,030 180 7, 404 332 Minot _ 2 18 103 1,600 1, 606 3, 063 176 33, 417 333 Ohio . . . 56 165 1,040 2,893 54, 734 52, 730 98, 127 712, 514 334 Alliance _ _ 4 10 31 144 2, 549 2,536 4, 625 179 22, 223 335 Ashland. . _J 1 5 32 74 1, 388 1,382 2. 631 180 31, 141 336 Ashtabula _ 4 32 94 1,569 1.609 2, 893 177 22, 040 337 Barberton, . . 7 12 43 107 2, 131 2, 032 3, 877 182 26, 242 338 Cambridge _ 2 2 22 75 1,385 1,277 2, 336 174 11,711 339 Campbell _ 1 7 46 44 1,189 1, 183 1,843 178 22, 902 340 Cbillicothe . . 1 5 26 111 1, 999 1, 878 3. 721 178 14, 843 341 Coschocton _ 5 9 69 944 978 1,775 175 11, 345 342 Elyria _ _ 7 10 39 135 2,360 2, 204 4, 142 181 26,932 343 Findlay _ 8 3 54 77 1,889 1, 756 3, 431 175 20,406 344 Garfield Heights _ 4 5 23 63 1, 164 1,129 2, 134 175 23,009 345 Lancaster . . 3 7 27 115 2, 342 2,096 4, 064 175 20,007 346 Marietta _ 1 29 69 1, 529 1, 500 2, 773 175 17, 411 347 Martins Ferry _ 3 1 20 67 1, 080 1,128 2, 069 173 21, 480 348 New Philadelphia _ 3 27 57 1,209 1,134 2, 174 174 15, 650 349 Paines ville _ 1 2 25 65 1,062 1,110 2, 032 180 11,890 350 Piqua . 3 3 29 72 1,413 1,362 2,602 179 17, 503 351 Salem _ 3 23 83 1, 246 1,292 2, 157 180 19, 569 352 Tiffin— . 2 23 58 970 963 1,908 176 12. 523 353 Wooster _ 1 26 53 1, 064 1,114 1,967 182 12, 562 354 Xenia _ 3 22 51 1,253 1,122 2, 136 180 10, 082 355 Other cities 11 71 432 1,220 22, 999 21, 945 40,837 321, 043 356 Oklahoma 38 136 404 1, 654 32, 661 30, 777 53, 109 371,360 357 Ada _ 3 9 21 87 1,726 1, 656 2, 764 180 19, 198 358 Enid _ 14 13 37 152 3, 066 2, 778 4,944 177 19, 159 359 Lawton _ 2 13 41 159 3,200 2, 961 5. 470 180 27, 637 360 McAlester _ 1 9 20 91 1, 773 1,779 2,841 177 15, 750 361 Okmulgee . . 1 6 24 84 1, 733 1,631 2, 837 176 13, 499 362 Stillwater _ 6 25 70 1,415 1,384 2,329 180 19, 924 363 Other cities _ 17 81 236 1,011 19, 748 18, 588 31, 924 256, 193 364 Oregon _ 18 40 192 560 9, 512 9, 169 16, 650 144, 631 365 Astoria _ 3 5 16 66 6 854 6 854 1,615 180 16, 249 366 Bend _ 5 35 79 1. 303 1,247 2,267 181 15, 019 367 Eugene.,. _ 4 17 57 192 3, 443 3, 240 6, 008 185 57, 611 368 Klamath Falls . . 7 8 47 117 1,820 1,779 3, 348 179 26, 412 369 Medford . . . 4 5 37 106 2, 092 2, 049 3, 412 176 29, 340 370 Pennsylvania 123 321 2,292 6, 120 103, 639 100, 335 188, 626 2,031,543 371 Aliquippa _ _ 2 6 12 148 6 2, 322 6 2,324 4, 143 180 47, 482 372 Arnold _ _ 1 3 19 44 748 743 1, 402 180 16, 614 373 Bellevue _ 2 13 36 570 508 989 180 34,042 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50— Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total « (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other 3 Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 44, 691 606, 723 6, 092, 834 44, 462 251, 691 7, 040, 401 518, 766 350, 972 8,817 317 25, 090 265, 352 1,000 8,293 299, 735 14, 362 2,096 339 318 3, 800 39, 586 407, 023 2, 070 1,736 454, 215 32, 581 12,113 541 319 60, 524 536, 250 2, 500 28, 273 627, 547 41, 552 32,285 762 320 24, 209 316, 799 1,787 8,081 350, 876 34, 014 25, 422 531 321 9, 564 41, 828 487, 469 3, 000 10, 256 552, 117 44, 658 19, 337 649 322 3,800 34, 245 352, 539 10, 330 8,170 409, 084 30, 437 19, 908 497 323 42,007 280, 267 1,416 14, 144 337, 834 20, 948 20, 205 412 324 3, 850 31, 323 276, 064 1, 250 8, 087 320, 574 20, 275 20, 050 505 325 2, 916 21, 128 155, 496 6, 876 186, 416 19, 264 5,582 258 326 4, 721 34, 090 413, 180 4, 830 25, 594 482, 415 36, 357 20,548 598 327 16, 040 252, 693 2, 602, 395 16, 279 132, 181 3,019,588 224, 318 173, 426 3,725 328 23, 986 42, 000 935, 100 8,690 63, 392 1,073,168 218, 546 49, 885 1, 435 329 11, 986 9,500 212, 018 8, 690 24, 834 267, 028 44, 465 19, 360 341 330 12, 000 22, 500 386, 071 27, 471 448, 042 92, 695 11,580 597 331 10,000 337, 011 11, 087 358, 098 81, 386 18,945 497 332 226, 674 684, 211 11, 928, 554 191, 703 846, 284 13, 877, 426 2, 446, 901 1, 117, 141 19, 659 333 13, 825 41, 595 485, 079 7, 445 37, 188 585, 132 102, 693 45, 678 786 334 3,688 21,588 320, 969 3, 300 23, 255 372, 800 59, 757 17, 263 602 335 16,500 377, 846 5, 960 21, 601 421, 907 83,900 32,158 588 336 31, 425 49, 135 469, 559 11, 793 44,100 606, 012 84, 247 42, 739 830 337 7,600 7,650 252, 955 17,754 285, 959 51, 733 14, 146 382 338 4, 638 29,087 256, 845 1,593 23, 444 315, 607 65, 539 20,148 444 339 2,936 24, 232 380, 874 4, 642 20, 363 433, 047 68, 545 13, 554 574 340 22, 750 151, 395 1,950 12, 979 189, 074 38, 642 54,505 302 341 30, 750 40, 983 460, 052 5, 952 49, 879 587, 616 112, 747 30, 663 825 342 33, 021 12,700 418, 064 3, 570 30, 343 497, 698 78, 124 31, 721 641 343 17, 000 22, 670 283, 399 12, 073 25, 620 360, 762 67, 600 17, 273 525 344 10, 807 26, 589 409, 696 4, 436 20, 028 471, 556 72, 235 37, 257 711 345 4,767 275, 955 4,925 18, 002 303, 649 55, 274 14, 791 405 346 10,428 3,525 213, 150 1,880 11, 524 240, 507 34, 739 13, 845 324 347 11,310 236, 769 2, 109 13, 570 263, 758 38, 643 22, 839 363 348 3,733 8, 950 265, 952 5, 164 17, 315 301, 114 55, 844 24,500 415 349 8, 950 11,029 279, 800 1,904 25, 736 327, 419 50, 120 41, 995 461 350 11, 400 337, 964 1,540 16, 905 367, 809 75,064 8, 913 492 351 8, 500 188, 663 14, 300 211,463 41,285 42, 057 317 352 4, 693 267, 873 2,875 7,076 282, 517 50,797 10, 505 380 353 11, 230 218, 107 16,880 246, 217 47, 112 25, 903 344 354 47,873 293, 328 5, 377, 588 108, 592 378, 422 6, 205, 803 1, 112, 261 554,688 8,948 355 151, 476 495, 452 5, 556, 184 41, 051 171, 832 6, 415, 995 792, 032 416, 033 8,329 356 9, 536 28,342 227, 820 3,630 5,716 275, 044 26, 622 9, 055 342 357 54, 476 50, 396 518, 645 18, 300 12,200 654, 017 103, 002 44, 621 835 358 6,920 44,394 522, 287 3, 028 28, 413 605, 042 61, 278 41,088 770 359 3,600 30, 520 287,045 2,760 9,155 333, 080 32, 881 15, 969 412 360 7,400 25, 060 286, 526 21, 180 340, 166 47,285 14, 903 459 361 18, 250 251, 383 2, 700 272, 333 39, 444 20, 791 361 362 69,544 298, 490 3, 462, 478 10, 633 95, 168 3, 936, 313 481, 520 269, 606 5,150 363 84, 028 180, 846 2, 752, 832 38, 071 226, 723 3, 282, 500 395, 670 204, 935 4,422 364 12,000 22, 220 270, 342 4, 868 24, 907 334, 337 33, 559 27, 163 435 365 21, 059 395, 074 4,673 10, 839 431, 645 51, 746 9, 758 569 366 18, 872 86, 918 967, 801 21,520 81, 853 1, 176, 964 125, 089 75, 363 1,612 367 34, 197 29, 367 629, 381 1,552 55, 322 749, 819 119, 038 49, 421 1,011 368 18, 959 21,282 490, 234 5,458 53, 802 589, 735 66,238 43, 230 795 369 483, 154 1,403,860 25, 355, 573 380, 837 1, 997, 465 29, 620, 889 5, 148, 252 2, 635, 898 42,644 370 8, 633 31,240 571, 978 14, 991 34, 874 661, 716 121, 478 62, 468 1,000 371 3,766 12,654 200, 627 2,250 16, 962 236, 259 29,433 15, 189 322 1 372 8,200 153, 987 4,837 11, 616 178, 640 30,958 29,016 293 1 373 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance , and current expenditure data Group III.— CITIES OF r City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pennsylvania— Con. 374 Bradford . 3 2 41 103 « 1, 936 » 1, 936 3,473 180 34, 332 375 1 19 49 821 772 1,439 181 17,479 376 Canonsburg . 2 4 13 69 1,100 1,089 2, 062 180 8, 000 377 Carlisle . 4 2 32 72 1,425 1,426 2, 767 185 28, 330 378 Chambersburg . 1 1 37 80 •1,528 « 1,529 2, 978 180 20, 418 379 Charleroi . 2 6 29 71 1,087 1,032 2, 007 180 24,739 380 Cheltenham (P. O. El- 2 9 36 110 1,377 1,365 2, 513 184 23, 280 kins Park). 381 Coatesville... . 1 7 *53 «104 1, 715 1,725 3,185 182 24, 097 382 1 14 48 912 836 1,714 183 15, 022 383 Connellsville . 2 3 28 75 1,277 1,280 2,176 180 14, 756 384 Conshohocken _ 2 15 41 669 635 1,211 183 9,242 385 Darby _ 4 15 47 777 725 1,427 184 23, 929 386 3 16 50 809 797 1,524 180 24, 139 387 Du Bois . . . 2 4 19 52 854 782 1,531 180 20, 482 388 Dunmore. . 1 9 26 86 1,484 1, 515 2,844 185 29, 024 389 El wood City _ 2 28 77 1,444 1,408 2,668 180 18, 676 390 Greensburg _ _ 8 5 31 96 1,645 1,635 3, 054 180 22, 622 391 Hanover Township.... 2 69 80 1,391 1,293 2, 285 183 36, 208 392 Indiana . . 2 3 26 48 • 907 « 909 1,543 180 12, 460 393 Jeannette . 2 1 25 67 1,207 1,156 2, 210 180 16, 859 394 Kingston . . 3 1 31 106 1,580 1,457 2,801 184 30, 198 395 Lansdowne . 1 4 22 58 889 845 1,584 181 23, 593 396 Latrobe _ 3 25 65 955 927 1,789 180 20, 533 397 Lebannon... . 1 3 50 110 2, 220 » 2, 201 4, 010 182 20, 460 398 Lock Haven _ 2 32 51 1, 150 1,151 2, 034 182 16, 333 399 Mahanoy City _ 1 3 9 49 607 574 1,082 180 26, 517 400 McKees Rocks . 4 18 52 862 868 1,533 183 24, 463 401 Monessen _ 6 24 97 « 1, 301 8 1, 300 2, 473 180 24,647 402 Mount Carmel . 1 2 21 59 805 723 1,416 180 10,864 403 Mt. Lebanon . 3 6 44 153 2,124 2, 091 3, 875 180 58, 817 404 Muhlenberg _ 1 21 53 930 913 1,719 180 10. 758 405 M unhall. _ 5 24 72 1,220 1, 187 2, 258 180 30, 450 406 Oil City . 4 5 37 86 1,485 1,529 2, 792 180 24, 762 407 Old Forge . . 3 7 25 39 929 833 1,605 180 12, 338 408 Phoenixville _ 2 5 20 48 873 772 1,533 182 16, 835 409 Pottstown . 5 4 41 95 1,750 1,732 3, 232 183 34,416 410 j Shamokin . 1 1 38 67 1,354 1,187 2, 496 180 25.688 411 Shenandoah _ 2 10 51 675 686 1,292 183 26, 491 412 Steelton _ 2 24 54 825 843 1,651 182 19, 370 413! Tamaqua . 2 2 19 43 964 952 1,797 186 14. 637 414 i Uniontown _ 2 3 37 90 1,578 1,511 2,922 180 39, 719 415 Vandererift 1 13 60 864 828 1,625 180 16, 954 416 Warren. _ 2 36 69 1,463 1,404 2,692 180 26,129 417 Washington . 3 7 18 116 2,103 2,059 3, 724 180 19, 970 418 Waynesboro _ 3 19 46 824 810 1,534 180 9,010 419 West Chester _ 5 27 82 1,230 1,217 2,189 187 32, 520 420 Wilkinsburg _ 7 38 121 2, 188 2, 114 3,852 180 47. 528 421 I Other cities 56 143 953 2,475 41, 906 40, 201 75, 971 845, 311 422 RnnnE Tst. aivh 22 38 176 571 10, 467 9, 762 18, 097 102,246 423 Bristol . 4 4 15 50 895 901 1,630 180 10,549 424 Central Falls . 3 6 16 53 917 720 1,381 180 11.026 425 Cumberland (P. O. 1 8 52 818 793 1,416 180 8,148 Valley Falls). 426 Warwick (P. O. 4 4 62 187 3,543 3, 324 6, 244 180 14, 702 Apponaug). 427 Westerly . 2 2 25 53 1,022 922 1,706 183 12, 621 428 West Warwick 7 12 51 950 869 1,603 183 7, 637 4291 Other cities . - 9 14 38 125 2, 322 2, 233 4,117 37, 563 See footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total « (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 17, 765 10, 600 444, 152 9,178 43, 606 525, 301 95, 292 14, 582 735 374 5,206 201,834 1,820 8, 710 217, 570 37, 667 22, 149 310 375 6,000 15, 500 243,000 3, 200 21, 400 289, 100 31,000 21,000 395 376 13, 496 8,701 229, 360 1, 700 29, 599 282, 856 43, 974 17, 638 422 377 3,600 4,600 331, 031 4, 845 27, 874 371,950 46, 626 17, 541 477 378 7,258 21, 566 304, 202 2, 999 23, 583 359, 608 46, 331 10, 712 483 379 12, 314 45, 935 516, 552 9,393 13, 316 597, 510 243, 232 38, 816 988 380 3,700 23, 830 404, 319 9,111 33, 000 473, 960 66, 092 95, 878 712 381 4, 000 175, 293 11, 000 190, 293 23, 391 8, 101 257 382 8,324 14; 892 289, 593 7, 800 6, 515 327, 124 51, 695 24, 031 463 3*3 7, 733 151, 792 1,467 4, 062 165, 054 24, 527 10, 977 247 384 16, 490 174, 320 6, 102 15, 521 212, 433 37, 238 23, 051 321 385 13, 233 216, 263 7, 159 14, 597 251, 252 45, 266 25, 005 376 386 8, 858 15, 850 214, 969 3, 185 14, 628 257, 490 33, 826 17. 814 365 387 3, 050 33, 300 298, 467 2, 300 18, 687 355, 804 80, 594 34, 712 544 388 10, 793 318, 036 4, 279 22, 750 355, 858 40, 733 19, 026 480 389 26, 574 21, 996 396, 065 5, 104 36,089 485, 828 83, 507 33, 055 686 390 6, 910 421,866 2,690 49, 219 480, 685 101,715 95, 564 760 391 10, 045 12, 380 232, 475 5,646 16, 129 276, 675 39, 274 15, 693 368 392 8,553 4, 816 279, 417 3,880 31, 203 327, 869 46, 152 32, 814 457 393 10, 983 4,588 393, 097 1, 380 26, 555 436, 603 85, 526 47, 865 645 394 4,316 14, 181 250, 529 6, 353 34, 805 310, 184 55, 957 25, 228 448 395 13, 262 239, 548 2, 028 19, 219 274, 057 35, 928 104, 793 475 396 3,166 13,057 457, 583 7,956 39, 038 520, 800 92, 899 27, 953 711 397 8, 033 231, 075 3, 068 26, 970 269, 146 31, 439 9,722 349 398 2,966 12, 673 155, 370 1,439 3,156 175,604 26, 997 19, 377 263 399 13, 967 208, 837 14, 090 236, 894 41, 326 21, 775 346 400 30,291 398, 886 5,000 32, 795 466, 972 95, 837 53, 150 698 401 2,441 8, 329 187, 788 3, 239 6, 521 208, 318 16, 611 9,409 245 402 13, 392 34, 300 669, 657 19, 022 43, 610 779, 981 126, 771 61, 333 1,117 403 3,600 184, 236 1,700 14,318 203, 854 27, 438 25, 180 278 404 23, 461 328, 755 10, 232 23, 456 385,904 75, 872 18, 528 5671405 15, 694 21, 981 347, 072 1, 716 32,902 419, 365 69, 089 30, 549 575 j 406 9,000 21,000 152, 981 9,991 192, 972 29,305 4, 570 255 407 7,342 18, 627 195, 052 3, 526 14,404 238, 951 33, 282 13,640 331 1 408 16, 677 22, 394 442, 646 5,787 30, 097 517,601 60, 460 68, 757 743, 409 4,200 5,116 305, 239 1,584 21, 598 337, 737 47,643 29, 702 472; 410 8, 865 178, 876 1,323 8,798 197, 862 36,694 11, 106 309 411 9,000 242, 494 1, 255 18, 197 270, 946 45, 132 19, 897 388 412 8,165 8,110 175, 669 1,900 14, 591 208, 435 38, 955 24, 542 307 413 9,814 14,600 404,388 9,137 60,483 498, 422 105, 165 57, 850 750 414 4, 118 193, 422 1, 359 13, 796 212, 695 30, 339 19, 633 364 4:5 9,792 346, 606 3,345 20, 432 380, 175 48, 397 11,542 547! 416 11, 509 26, 983 375, 827 6, 894 28, 667 449, 880 78, 644 13, 260 608 417 11, 625 186, 640 2,727 14, 371 215, 363 27, 806 11, 372 284 418 16, 040 286, 776 4, 853 40, 485 348, 154 66, 149 27,049 522:419 33, 434 546, 082 6,047 37, 570 623, 133 145, 007 106, 875 981 420 221, 553 642, 008 10, 500, 844 154, 031 841, 610 12, 360, 046 2, 173, 683 1, 076, 409 17, 605 421 70, 860 147, 648 1, 773, 571 14,291 111,901 2, 118, 271 436, 238 137, 887 3,085 422 13, 283 16, 598 197, 909 198 18, 781 246, 769 37, 453 10, 319 317i423 9,981 24, 949 195, 784 3,672 11, 182 245, 568 46, 582 3,507 317 424 3, 750 168, 818 7,416 179, 984 32, 196 9,351 251 425 11,529 11,829 376,038 4,990 20,582 424,968 151, 906 44, 616 673 426 8,689 8,717 209, 393 3, 778 14,550 245, 127 41, 498 8, 880 357 427 30,548 203,128 10, 423 244, 099 42, 536 10, 675 325 428 27, 378 51, 257 422,501 1, 653 28,967 531, 756 84,067 50,539 845 429 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1 9 4 8— J Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current ex\ Grouj Personnel and attendance in full-time day sch City Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 South Carolina... 1 45 131 997 16, 917 17, 468 29, 949 Anderson _ 11 37 211 3, 584 3, 834 6, 570 6 16 164 2, 760 2,871 4, 844 Greenwood _ 7 19 183 2,223 2, 409 4,144 Orangeburg . 1 7 17 103 2, 096 2,167 3, 606 Rock Hill _ 9 12 143 8 2, 865 8 2, 797 4, 801 Sumter _ _ 5 30 193 3, 389 3, 390 5,984 South Dakota . 14 23 117 411 6,943 7,073 12, 57b Aberdeen. . . 6 2 32 90 1,562 1,600 3,149 Huron . . 1 4 15 58 1,108 1,201 1,980 Mitchell _ _ 3 6 16 80 893 873 1,672 Rapid City . . . 4 9 30 115 2,186 2,196 3. 655 Watertown _ 2 24 68 1, 194 1,203 2,120 Tennessee _ 7 47 171 753 12, 767 12, 734 22, 519 Bristol . 3 9 21 100 1,760 1,624 2, 945 Clarksville _ 2 25 94 1,823 1,886 3, 118 Cleveland . 2 6 5 83 1,157 1,212 1,929 Dyersburg . 2 8 69 1,213 1,291 2. 245 Jackson _ _ 9 29 143 2, 451 2, 405 4, 453 Johnson City . 2 13 39 140 2,393 2, 270 4, 273 Kingsport _ 6 44 124 1,970 2, 046 3, 556 Texas . 47 210 775 3, 525 59, 797 57, 931 102,147 Abilene . 3 13 38 185 3, 451 3, 101 5, 957 Cleburne. . . 1 3 21 82 1,367 1,374 2, 474 Corsicana . . 1 6 20 102 1,774 1,756 3, 089 Greenville . 2 9 21 83 1,510 1,480 2, 691 Harlingen _ _ 2 10 28 145 2, 903 2, 655 4, 562 Highland Park . . 1 8 39 170 2,188 2,209 4, 091 Longview . . . 2 12 39 135 2, 260 2, 223 3, 960 McAllen . 2 8 20 124 2, 299 2, 085 3, 535 Marshall . . 2 11 25 190 2, 679 2, 673 4. 794 Palestine. . 1 4 25 66 1,319 1,351 2, 286 San Angelo . . 3 11 46 200 2,911 2, 924 4, 993 Sweetwater.. . 2 6 23 74 1,434 1,352 2, 351 Terrell . . 1 5 6 57 1,080 1,081 1,779 Texarkana . . 3 10 30 135 2, 307 2, 329 3,935 Tyler.... . 4 11 37 212 3, 290 3, 306 5,543 Other cities . . 17 83 357 1, 5b5 27, 025 26, 032 46, 107 Utah _ _ 5 17 106 168 4, 296 4, 302 7,946 Logan . 3 7 35 59 1,540 1,509 2,794 Provo . 2 10 71 109 2. 756 2,793 5, 152 Vermont . 11 15 89 328 5, 670 5, 554 9, 473 Barre 7 _ _ 1 14 58 1, 024 1,033 1,887 Brattleboro . 6 4 18 53 854 891 1,534 Burlington . . 5 4 24 91 8 1, 734 •l, 735 2, 665 Montpelier _ 2 9 36 660 578 1,131 Rutland _ 2 19 64 978 921 1, 592 Winooski _ 2 5 26 420 396 664 Virginia _ 10 29 80 485 7, 491 7,617 13, 820 Charlottesville . 4 6 19 107 1.846 1,823 3,380 Fredericksburg . 1 4 12 61 905 919 1,645 Martinsville _ 2 5 19 118 1,672 1,725 3,114 Staunton . 2 3 7 58 889 972 1,713 Suffolk . 1 6 10 69 8 1,009 8 1,009 1,857 Winchester . . . 5 13 72 1,170 1,169 2,111 ;e footnotes at end of Group III of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total « (in thou¬ Other * Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4,300 164, 939 2, 391,358 20,893 103,912 2, 685, 402 220,946 211,327 3,841 430 36, 150 400,000 6,893 443, 043 46, 556 13, 609 585 431 25,050 454, 448 6, 156 18, 390 504, 044 29, 148 15, 842 688 432 21,334 352, 324 4, 537 4, 611 382, 806 23,774 61,582 530 433 4,300 24,537 309, 254 5, 412 20,663 364, 166 25,250 32,640 553 434 35, 803 352, 656 36, 095 424, 554 52, 427 71,973 670 435 22,065 522, 676 4,788 17,260 566, 789 43,791 15, 681 815 436 51,582 82, 835 1,379, 592 20,257 120,416 1, 654, 682 334, 257 88. 091 2,264 437 25,757 8, 979 329,354 7,500 37. 869 409. 459 97, 323 36, 245 603 438 3,250 14,000 212, 463 2, 474 13, 108 245,295 54,585 5, 834 331 439 11,250 22,092 220, 255 2, 670 15, 477 271, 744 55,484 9, 841 370 440 11,325 27, 416 378, 780 4, 655 36,301 458, 477 68, 064 25, 593 593 441 10, 348 238,740 2, 958 17, 661 269, 707 58,801 10, 578 367 442 28, 523 181, 479 2, 283, 790 20,657 82, 673 2, 597, 122 247,202 67,459 3,263 443 10,000 40,000 350, 292 1,600 9, 100 410, 992 53,295 3,375 490 444 8,888 301, 425 2, 624 14,583 327, 520 43, 313 9, 641 426 445 8,734 22,000 136, 999 2, 840 4, 649 175,222 19, 251 6, 218 222 446 4,990 165, 787 7, 954 178, 731 24, 889 7,665 224 447 30, 435 371, 777 4,437 13,111 419, 760 32, 151 3, 774 493 448 9,789 47,500 443, 216 4,230 17, 227 521, 962 42, 313 21, 566 670 449 27, 666 514,294 4, 926 16,049 562, 935 31,990 15,220 738 450 191, 515 936,008 13,033, 489 158, 426 490, 239 14,809, 677 1, 198,890 656,362 18, 251 451 13, 954 62, 509 826, 405 10,731 42, 866 956, 465 62,900 53, 271 1,117 452 4, 360 12, 669 315,813 2,000 12, 515 347, 357 20, 021 8, 558 403 453 3, 690 26,330 365, 180 3,370 8, 241 406, 811 31, 822 9, 852 509 454 7,380 36,008 322. 130 1,361 9,600 376, 479 15, 285 5, 212 443 455 7,940 31,328 473, 140 1, 150 16, 421 529, 979 41,632 21, 691 660 456 4, 150 42, 392 759, 886 20, 212 44, 570 871, 210 81,811 35, 622 1,045 457 8,660 48, 909 513, 324 14,541 585, 434 63,783 17, 583 737 458 7,480 28,510 427, 211 2,400 10,500 476, 101 34, 994 22, 180 592 459 6,000 33, 281 528, 826 5, 820 14, 112 588, 039 38, 689 15,643 681 460 3,640 13, 620 286, 989 2,280 21, 685 328, 214 19, 002 15, 271 391 461 11, 161 50, 217 764,254 10, 075 33, 411 869, 118 83,228 18, 410 1,018 462 7,090 24,640 270, 832 1,000 303, 562 21,812 8, 456 378 463 4,780 19,904 193, 301 1,200 8,000 227, 185 13,650 3,200 269 464 9, 893 47, 356 464.890 11, 586 7, 028 540, 753 36, 695 15, 507 700 465 18, 005 49, 033 731, 129 21, 491 30, 534 850, 192 67, 135 31, 598 1,024 466 73, 332 409, 302 5, 790, 179 63,750 216, 215 6, 552, 778 566, 431 374,308 8,284 467 20, 120 69,288 827, 014 18,543 104, 478 1,039,443 103,922 65,450 1,410 468 11,920 24, 388 276, 912 4,079 38,544 355, 843 39, 390 25, 623 479 469 8,200 44,900 550, 102 14,464 65,934 683,600 64,532 39, 827 931 470 39,920 66, 079 1, 091, 933 24, 078 87,649 1, 309, 659 214, 506 111,418 1,803 471 3,600 128,296 1, 551 13, 073 146, 520 30, 073 14,200 203 472 24,109 17, 868 176, 318 6, 391 17, 366 242, 052 34, 368 11,853 339 4 ,'3 15, 811 15,940 344, 998 8. 550 22. 061 407,360 65, 073 37, 574 543 474 10, 148 142, 286 3,855 9,040 165, 329 23,329 5, 778 219 475 11,250 232,638 3,731 22, 871 270, 490 46, 596 39, 348 397 476 7,273 67, 397 3,238 77, 908 15, 067 2,665 102 477 35, 737 108, 193 1, 379, 146 30, 282 76,073 1, 629, 431 158,004 88,077 2,070 478 14, 970 22, 870 338. 519 6, 946 18,330 401,635 27, 349 11,153 476 479 3. 850 11,439 172,588 1,662 10, 159 199, 698 17, 106 26, 455 260 480 7,200 22,400 346,580 10, 871 18, 257 405, 308 50,883 12,788 497 481 6,967 11, 792 158,664 5, 591 6,231 189, 245 17,331 18. 589 306 482 2,750 17,936 171, 572 1,000 9,241 202, 499 21, 843 8, 945 248 483 21, 756 191,223 4,212 13, 855 231,046 23, 492 10, 147 283 484 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data Group ni.— CITIES OF City Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff * (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 485 Washington _ 36 98 575 1,414 31, 576 29, 312 49, 050 302, 660 486 Aberdeen . . 3 7 51 95 2, 310 2,115 3, 576 173 22, 424 487 Bellingham _ 10 53 159 3, 277 3, 228 5, 460 172 26, 921 488 Bremerton . 6 17 77 241 4, 591 3, 994 6,858 175 52, 278 489 Hoquiam . 2 6 23 59 1,220 1,148 1,846 180 17,500 490 Longview . . 3 9 51 109 2,959 2,684 4, 802 172 35, 939 491 Olympia . . 2 7 47 89 2,157 2,160 3,649 174 20, 387 492 Vancouver . 11 15 111 258 5, 808 5,197 8, 732 180 57, 631 493 Walla Walla . 3 8 30 92 1,924 1,880 3, 244 180 25, 555 494 Wenatchee . 1 7 39 116 2, 407 2,220 3, 552 180 17, 809 495 Yakima. . . . 5 12 93 196 4, 923 4, 686 7,331 180 26,216 496 Wisconsin _ 53 90 708 1,747 30, 749 30, 091 66, 259 419, 728 497 Appleton . 6 4 56 129 • 2, 487 8 2, 488 4, 563 174 28, 400 498 Beaver Dam . 1 1 21 46 803 786 1,428 178 8, 309 499 Beloit . 2 14 80 151 2, 935 2,926 5, 318 190 36, 622 500 Cudahy.. . 3 2 19 47 799 782 1,352 185 15, 096 501 Janesville . 6 8 41 116 1, 949 1,973 3,452 184 15, 432 502 Manitowoc . 1 5 48 111 2, 009 1,845 3, 642 184 35, 188 503 Marinette . . 2 1 23 54 1,076 1, 050 1,939 179 11,214 504 Marshfield _ _ 1 2 21 43 736 729 1,354 175 11,858 505 Manasha . 1 1 16 39 729 665 1,221 185 11, 293 506 Two Rivers _ 19 32 526 532 1,029 183 14, 592 507 Watertown . 2 1 13 43 809 833 1,390 180 7, 422 50S Waukesha _ 3 3 46 109 8 1,919 8 1, 920 3,374 188 23, 312 509 Wausau . 3 11 35 138 2, 451 2,445 4, 636 180 32, 525 510 Wauwatosa- . . 3 9 55 145 « 2, 609 8 2, 609 4,691 183 45, 039 511 Wisconsin Rapids _ 1 1 25 61 • 1, 053 8 1, 050 2, 641 176 13, 338 512 Other cities _ 18 26 190 483 7,859 7,458 14, 229 110, 088 513 Wyoming _ _ 9 37 107 477 9, 033 8, 442 14, 643 110, 069 514 Casper _ 15 23 182 2, 941 2,645 4,602 181 45, 617 515 Cheyenne . . 2 10 45 167 3,459 3, 245 5, 609 174 33, 132 516 Laramie— . 1 5 25 58 1,283 1,234 2,112 174 14, 938 517 Sheridan . 6 7 14 70 1, 350 1, 318 2, 320 171 16,382 1 Includes persons rendering instructional services supplementary to regular classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided half or more than half of their employment time is given to such instructional work. 2 The actual number of days in the school year that children were taught. 8 Includes instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians. The expenditure for textbooks which are furnished gratis to in¬ digent pupils, only, is classified as an Auxiliary services item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes amounts shown in columns 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, plus amounts not tabulated but reported by city school systems as expenditures for the following current accounts: Auxiliary school services; fixed STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures fob— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total * (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other 1 Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 181, 402 472, 205 6, 849. 992 217,208 617, 360 8, 338,167 1, 262, 077 701,132 11,614 485 16, 709 34,710 484, 009 15, 618 47. 483 598. 529 70,884 57, 082 810 486 56, 060 718, 228 14,841 39, 874 829, 003 149, 702 70,182 1,153 487 42, 844 82,843 1,079, 817 43, 096 112, 667 1, 361,267 203,134 140, 701 1,888 488 10. 760 25, 780 262, 896 3,800 13,100 316, 336 40. 800 37, 000 478 489 15,413 44,186 622,619 22,136 51,579 755, 933 102, 183 30, 094 1,041 490 10. 030 32, 955 490, 410 11,980 29. 899 575, 274 80. 465 54, 792 772 491 46, 089 69. 962 1, 250. 540 64,649 160, 146 1,591,386 271,551 141,559 2, 303 492 12. 360 34, 000 410, 804 3, 284 45, 357 505, 805 80, 459 51,916 743 493 3,475 31,400 523, 332 15, 057 34, 986 608, 250 83, 670 56, 261 814 494 23, 722 60,309 1, 007, 337 22, 747 82, 269 1, 196, 384 179, 229 61,545 1,612 495 249, 360 426, 639 8, 080, 279 184,858 500, 578 9, 441,714 1, 669, 871 660, 185 12. 783 496 32, 329 24,762 627, 422 13, 908 40, 771 739, 192 148, 879 34,928 993 497 3. 919 4, 500 199, 800 2, 708 17, 510 228, 437 38, 789 21,035 312 498 8, 690 69, 029 811,497 24,997 19, 257 933, 470 118. 433 42,116 1,240 499 13,143 9, 677 218, 371 4,173 16, 524 261, 888 50, 918 20, 127 360 500 24,647 30, 857 501,092 8, 600 30, 372 595, 568 93, 835 30, 955 752 501 5, 258 25, 043 554, 350 12, 432 54, 091 651, 174 123, 503 73, 796 916 502 8, 400 5, 575 230, 465 3, 563 15, 536 263, 539 41,817 16, 857 342 503 3, 260 6, 966 196, 808 5, 075 25, 813 237, 922 65, 789 19, 730 354 504 3,633 4,633 180, 007 2, 550 10, 544 201,367 44, 703 9, 728 276 505 4, 900 167, 190 3, 759 14, 026 189, 875 35, 508 13, 398 268 506 8,570 3, 913 155, 562 2, 836 10, 314 181,195 25, 500 8, 258 228 507 16, 682 15, 252 549, 631 10, 805 20, 140 612, 510 88, 895 31, 287 765 508 21,280 46, 450 567, 044 8, 766 34, 000 677, 540 126, 851 52, 875 922 509 14, 244 47, 693 750, 878 30, 927 18, 950 862, 692 126, 168 79, 743 1,145 510 4, 200 5, 500 267, 880 4, 560 15, 555 297, 695 65,740 13, 669 410 511 81, 105 121, 889 2, 102, 282 45, 199 157, 175 2, 507, 650 484, 543 191, 683 3,500 512 37,215 162, 627 1, 892, 589 14, 177 138, 064 2, 244, 672 303, 280 203, 978 3, 090 513 70, 342 746, 898 49, 965 867, 205 91, 272 119, 916 1,196 514 10, 515 45, 960 633, 071 14, 177 53, 992 757, 715 100, 824 57,114 1,056 515 5, 700 21, 825 260, 928 9,715 298, 168 40, 793 8,898 388 516 21,000 24, 500 251, 692 24, 392 321, 584 70, 391 18,050 450J517 charges; community services to public and nonpublic schools paid from school district funds; and adult and summer schools. This total figure covers all school current expenditures whether or not same are directly allocable to the charge per pupil in average daily attendance for the public-school system reporting. 5 Number of positions and corresponding salary expenditures estimated on basis of previous report from city and from amounts reported as salary averages for similar positions in comparable school districts. * Distribution by sex not reported. Total has been divided on basis of previous biennial reports on en¬ rollment made to this Office. 7 Used 1947-48 data in lieu of the 1949-50 report. 8 Estimated on basis of 1947-48 figures. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP IV— CITIES OF 6,000 City Continental United States . Alabama.... Alexander City. Jasper . Opelika . Sheffield . Tuscumbia _ Other cities . Arizona. Douglas. ... Globe . Nogales - Prescott _ Other cities. Arkansas. Conway _ Forrest City. Paragould... Stuttgart _ Van Buren.. Other cities „ California. Antioch . Corona.. . . Coronado. . Grass Valley.. Watsonville _ Other cities _ Colorado. Alamosa . . Durango _ La Junta _ Longmont.... Loveland _ Other cities.. Connecticut . Griswold (P. O. Jewett City). Putnam. . Stafford Springs _ Vernon (P. O. Rock¬ ville). Winchester (P. O. Winsted). Other cities . Delaware. Dover . Georgla. Americus— . Carroll ton.. Cedartown. Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) 593 Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) 2, 549 Instructional stafE 1 (positions) Men Women 13,247 133 10 4 11 10 7 91 246 16 30 13 18 35 134 147 10 20 13 8 10 86 1,298 25 35 20 15 26 1,177 196 14 17 24 24 12 105 41, 729 36 65 61 46 422 550 61 74 49 38 62 266 670 55 112 35 45 45 378 3, 219 71 86 53 46 74 2,889 509 41 41 58 261 359 23 27 26 47 47 189 Enrollment Boys Girls 770,961 13, 053 1,267 667 1,353 1,128 1 758 7,880 12, 757 999 1,540 982 786 1,409 7,041 14,098 1,123 2,696 862 867 1,217 7,333 64, 519 1,355 1,579 838 1,194 1,469 58, 084 9,385 720 801 1,361 1,105 962 4,436 5,708 356 459 433 752 3, 044 859 1,129 942 1, 201 752, 134 13,015 1,314 706 1,257 1,076 s 758 7,904 12, 197 1,006 1,487 1,026 784 1,291 14, 067 1,116 2, 694 806 886 1,351 7, 214 61, 329 1,339 1,523 753 1,081 1,337 55, 296 9,315 758 806 1,345 1,077 937 4, 392 5,580 365 473 473 718 603 16, 925 1, 131 922 1,267 Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance ,339,399 23,115 2, 349 1,254 2, 294 1,759 1,449 14,010 21,016 1,720 2,601 1,765 1,335 2, 217 11,378 23. 739 1,876 3,954 1,355 1,526 2, 300 12, 728 114. 858 2, 616 2, 971 1,591 1,817 2, 546 103,317 16, 694 1,393 1,530 2, 300 1,846 1,800 7,825 9,265 613 847 815 1,371 1,151 4, 468 1.557 28, 388 2,001 1. 558 2,209 Length of school year2 178 180 Current expendi¬ tures for: Adminis¬ tration (general control) 10 911, 992,490 112,863 8, 876 5, 013 8, 268 9,708 8, 063 72, 935 190, 264 15, 554 21,113 9, 264 16,944 17,143 110, 246 112, 217 9, 032 17, 928 8, 768 4,295 1,759 70, 435 1, 148, 434 15, 608 32, 366 17, 560 9, 062 25, 417 1, 048, 421 100, 809 7, 072 9, 613 12, 104 10, 778 10, 086 51, 156 89, 406 11, 308 9, 319 8,183 8,300 43, 410 13, 596 107, 171 6, 392 5, 469 10,631 See footnotes at end of Group IV of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 63 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50— Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Total « (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 92,330, 699 910, 670, 792 9159,602,253 $2, 153, 949 $11,635,263 $186,382,956 $26,539, 700 $12,055,478 $262, 767 1 111,421 1, 829, 528 9,600 214, 538 2, 165, 087 145,333 78, 953 2,748 2 18, 051 141,468 8, 070 167, 589 18, 159 1, 802 264 3 6,000 72, 049 1,284 79,333 9, 184 3, 305 96 4 7, 400 172, 694 9, 624 189, 718 11,183 14, 554 251 5 14, 750 161, 693 6, 615 183, 058 19, 491 11, 631 247 6 1, 700 mooo 2,000 2,000 131, 700 8,000 3,000 185 7 57, 520 1, 161, 624 7, 600 186, 945 1,413,689 79,316 44, 661 1, 708 8 15, 930 211, 489 2, 928, 074 51, 110 189,951 3, 396,554 395, 527 252, 947 4, 620 9 24, 920 310, 580 1,500 13, 112 350, 112 28, 614 33, 394 436 10 39, 407 406, 158 4, 300 5,450 455, 315 28, 998 15.883 528 11 13, 700 201,631 9,600 13, 735 238, 666 26, 057 24, 601 366 12 4,750 5,250 198, 753 2, 300 4, 869 215, 922 22, 735 22, 480 292 13 32,760 363, 647 6, 586 13,983 416, 976 57, 857 17, 208 546 14 11, 180 95, 452 1, 447, 305 26, 824 138, 802 1, 719,563 231, 266 139, 381 2, 452 15 8,050 96, 493 1, 544, 853 7,880 32,246 1,689,522 187, 938 74, 119 2, 436 16 6, 630 124, 767 3, 074 134, 471 11,253 1, 951 208 17 11, 840 213, 928 1,412 11, 212 238, 392 43, 286 10, 525 424 18 3, 503 99, 314 1,468 1,956 106, 241 15,346 6,489 140 19 5,350 5, 955 117, 258 500 129, 063 11,926 7, 677 208 20 5,000 130, 692 1,378 568 137, 638 12, 217 5,995 179 21 2,700 63, 565 858,894 3, 622 14, 936 943, 717 93, 910 41, 482 1, 277 22 195, 227 1, 214, 493 16, 729, 104 332, 697 1,825,807 20, 297, 328 2, 858, 686 1, 225, 474 28, 626 23 26,200 326, 388 11, 422 44, 787 408, 797 58, 266 68, 851 605 24 4,000 28,000 433, 551 16, 000 72,003 553, 554 68, 461 22, 906 740 25 10, 950 263, 469 7, 300 3,708 285, 427 46, 382 8, 496 372 26 9,000 235, 628 3,600 17, 658 265, 886 15,095 8, 462 334 27 4,400 23, 073 375, 884 19, 305 59, 137 481, 799 74, 763 20,732 721 28 186, 827 1, 117, 270 15, 094, 184 275, 070 1, 628, 514 18, 301,865 2, 595, 719 1, 096, 027 25, 854 29 10,325 116, 277 1, 869, 168 13,686 134, 706 2, 144, 162 280, 418 110, 551 3, 007 30 10,325 8, 436 134, 217 1,249 10, 110 164, 337 21, 788 6, 952 214 31 10, 140 152, 334 15, 774 178, 248 24, 524 9, 465 238 32 21, 030 206, 254 1, 615 16, 200 245, 099 43, 573 27,731 501 33 13, 933 214, 340 3, 676 10, 492 242, 441 29,956 6, 170 319 34 7, 655 201, 452 13, 179 222, 286 28, 994 12, 557 305 35 55,083 960, 571 7,146 68,951 1, 091, 751 13l) 583 47,' 676 1,430 36 37,185 104, 595 1, 357, 651 19, 296 93,988 1, 612, 715 203, 918 118, 149 2,240 37 3, 500 90, 153 7, 798 101, 451 14, 778 14, 881 162 38 12, 150 116, 180 2,094 3, 144 133, 568 20, 021 17, 933 196 39 3, 085 4,400 104, 469 1,472 8,684 122, 110 18, 467 2,166 172 40 16,100 14,000 168, 221 1,900 15, 124 215, 345 29, 730 18, 086 292 41 6,470 129,300 9, 100 144, 870 15, 200 10, 350 210 42 18,000 64,075 749,328 13, 830 50, 138 895, 371 105, 722 54, 733 1,208 43 12, 950 225, 100 3,895 13,426 255, 371 25, 916 42, 569 348 44 128,690 1, 937, 413 11, 384 85, 726 2, 163, 213 184, 501 96,582 2,868 45 15, 330 120, 468 1,680 6, 064 143, 542 13, 173 4, 561 179 46 10,936 95,203 1, 804 1.078 109,021 9, 895 1,688 137 47 15,208 157, 598 900 10, 704 184, 410 17, 135 6,621 232 48 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 6,000 TO Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: City Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 49 60 51 Fitzgerald. _ Thomas ton. Other cities. 48 856 911 91 1,588 1,712 549 10, 966 10, 982 1, 535 175 2, 881 176 18, 204 . 9, 431 11,519 63, 729 52 53 54 Idaho. Caldwell. Moscow.. 7 24 4 12 3 12 93 53 40 1,902 1,249 653 1,757 1, 137 620 3, 202 . 2, 018 173 1, 184 172 21, 719 10, 736 10, 983 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Illinois _ Batavia . Charleston ... Edwardsville. Effingham... . Madison . Monmouth... Other cities... 29 1 28 139 2 6 1 7 6 6 111 690 9 21 12 27 15 16 590 2,351 40, 031 38, 796 42 653 593 47 1, 180 964 63 875 911 45 912 920 55 1,117 1,179 53 849 873 2, 046 34, 445 33,356 59, 060 1, 151 2,144 1,618 187 186 189 1, 569 1,996 1,582 59, 000 188 185 185 857, 715 11, 948 25, 207 7,800 20, 946 22, 840 9, 195 759, 779 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 INDIANA- Auburn.. .. Brazil . Clinton . Franklin _ Valparaiso. Wabash.... Other cities. 27 1 3 1 2 1 19 97 1 6 2 2 4 2 80 491 16 20 19 19 21 16 380 1,045 28 19 26 26 43 51 852 23, 067 548 790 613 695 999 1,037 18, 385 22, 741 40, 531 574 1,030 167 815 1, 442 177 616 1, 123 177 647 1, 180 174 965 1,750 183 973 1,777 178 18, 151 32, 229 320, 988 6, 364 9, 002 7, 666 10, 392 9, 998 11,573 265, 993 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Iowa . . Albia . Cedar Falls. . Knoxville- ... Oelwein . Perry . Webster City. Other cities... 12 1 2 9 53 305 4 9 5 17 2 8 6 13 4 11 5 14 27 233 903 36 63 38 42 37 46 641 15, 405 666 1,049 723 575 626 878 10,888 14, 710 26, 613 588 1,078 180 968 1, 744 180 590 1, 180 180 580 1, 107 180 630 1,082 180 876 1,540 179 10, 478 18, 882 203, 531 8, 995 13, 543 8, 945 7, 544 9,672 9, 598 145, 234 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Kansas . . . 6 Concordia . Dodge City . 1 Garden City . 2 Great Bend . 1 Junction City . Pratt . . . Other cities . 2 55 236 1 14 6 37 2 25 5 22 6 14 4 24 31 100 625 12, 435 11,919 38 673 635 68 1,501 1,411 57 1,213 1, 172 61 1,268 1,297 70 1,488 1, 302 41 902 883 290 5, 390 5, 219 21, 037 1, 131 2, 543 2, 022 2,208 2.233 1,506 9, 394 180 178 175 180 176 180 137, 211 11,064 15, 092 18, 243 11, 879 11,519 11,336 58, 078 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Kentucky. Bellevue _ Corbin . . Glasgow . Jenkins . . Ludlow . . Mayfield. . Other cities.. . 1 1 38 2 4 1 5 2 24 159 13 8 9 11 9 13 96 638 25 31 40 38 20 48 436 12, 034 463 723 834 1, 079 329 801 7,805 12, 006 414 789 834 1,128 394 746 7,701 21, 230 1,393 1,378 1, 968 598 1,209 13, 864 175 173 176 185 175 166, 317 12, 347 9,410 8, 528 11,378 9,290 10, 494 104, 870 95 96 97 98 99 100, 101 1021 Maine . 4 Belfast . Brewer _ Gardiner _ Old Town . . 3 Rockland . . 1 19 2 1 1 3 5 Other cities. 7 131 9 16 9 23 15 13 46 426 31 41 41 51 45 55 162 7, 990 599 751 803 1,158 857 924 2, 898 7,698 13, 889 592 1,128 180 750 1,377 180 744 1,315 180 1,080 1,958 181 854 1,446 174 806 1,538 175 2, 872 5, 127 50, 336 3, 057 6, 700 2,225 7, 264 5,875 19, 542 5,673 See footnotes at end of Group IV of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Cxjbeent expenditures FOR — Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Total « (in thou¬ sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 3. 500 119, 728 5, 985 129, 213 3,008 10, 774 152 49 16, 921 258| 785 1,950 8, 295 285, 951 17, 219 6, 219 345 50 66, 795 1, 185, 631 5,050 53,600 1, 311, 076 124, 071 66, 719 1,823 51 21, 576 304, 782 1, 750 21, 806 349, 914 56, 980 14,443 500 52 10, 626 164, 771 1,750 15, 273 192, 420 26, 593 10, 828 273 53 10, 950 140, 011 6,533 157, 494 30, 387 3, 615 227 54 134, 179 591, 469 9, 268, 835 102, 063 616, 652 10, 713, 198 1, 882, 069 787, 578 15, 747 55 5, 646 155, 522 1,608 5,293 168, 069 23, 153 11,417 226 56 31, 495 237, 756 1,620 20, 817 291, 688 58, 222 19, 960 460 57 4,000 5, 000 332, 700 5,000 2, 500 349, 200 10, 500 16, 200 390 58 22, 143 180, 240 2, 750 11, 053 216, 186 40, 827 11,414 368 59 28, 680 217, 343 12, 536 258, 559 39, 925 13, 308 340 60 22, 400 206, 070 4, 395 16, 117 248, 982 39, 592 12, 444 328 61 130, 179 476, 105 7, 939, 204 86, 690 548, 336 9, 180, 514 1, 669, 850 702, 835 13, 635 62 103, 721 405, 864 4, 868, 725 43, 884 220, 021 5, 642, 215 827,363 411,386 7,530 63 4,871 5,031 146, 379 1, 791 4, 920 162, 992 15, 423 23,507 210 64 14, 762 24, 490 157, 619 5,119 201, 990 29, 454 17, 400 268 65 6, 704 9, 124 129, 592 810 4, 781 150, 011 26, 370 11, 592 199 66 8, 970 144, 783 3,400 21, 891 179, 044 26, 236 14. 007 235 67 6,292 16, 098 221, 486 2,259 11, 869 258, 004 37, 905 13, 197 325 68 6, 848 8, 999 206, 974 675 5, 462 228, 958 37, 565 11, 027 296 69 65,244 333, 152 3,861,892 34, 949 165, 979 4, 461, 216 654, 410 320, 656 5, 997 70 37, 710 196, 893 3, 164, 398 21, 222 226, 906 3, 647, 129 682, 044 208, 834 5, 279 71 13, 150 101,310 975 5, 261 120, 696 24, 579 6,391 179 72 20,292 202, 053 1,404 16, 127 239, 876 55, 302 15, 126 355 73 1, 355 4, 839 122, 733 2, 700 8, 965 140, 592 20, 905 16, 980 210 74 28, 850 138, 995 15, 448 183, 293 33. 056 16, 825 253 75 6,605 13, 340 128, 929 1, 360 11, 330 161, 564 28, 726 7, 107 218 76 12, 328 184, 388 11, 892 208, 608 47, 259 12, 707 306 77 29, 750 104, 094 2, 285, 990 14,783 157, 883 2, 592, 500 472, 217 205, 698 3, 758 78 21,531 211, 508 2, 324, 892 34, 105 138, 761 2, 730, 797 386, 261 161, 483 3, 555 79 4,219 132, 802 1, 809 6, 854 145, 684 21, 742 24, 331 209 80 4,000 21. 000 311, 385 5,941 30, 977 373, 303 44, 035 13, 272 456 81 6, 000 9, 000 251,355 5, 000 271, 355 52, 996 18, 752 382 82 3, 314 22, 751 249, 203 4,443 14, 559 294, 270 32, 528 12, 830 360 83 22,644 197, 550 2,080 10, 213 232, 487 26, 992 10, 922 288 84 15, 058 194, 146 5,235 8, 023 222, 462 27, 880 8,293 280 85 8, 217 116, 836 988, 451 14,597 63, 135 1, 191, 236 180, 088 73, 083 1, 580 86 5,728 142, 992 1, 517, 045 6,455 46, 784 1, 719, 004 234, 129 99, 994 2, 430 87 7,400 89, 127 400 3. 211 100, 138 13, 667 1, 211 134 88 9, 063 68,075 210 2,532 79, 880 9,250 6,595 106 89 5,243 85, 843 1, 579 92, 665 8,511 2,004 121 90 16,840 92, 896 1, 664 111 400 14, 478 5,049 149 91 5,800 61, 566 1,930 3, 554 72, 850 12, 000 5, 059 105 92 14, 724 98, 927 5, 300 118, 951 18, 030 12, 917 170 93 5, 728 83, 922 1, 020, 611 3, 915 28, 944 1, 143, 120 158, 193 67, 159 1,645 94 14, 100 65,950 1, 143, 688 19,850 96, 692 1, 340, 280 176, 883 67, 954 1,832 95 6,200 77, 972 8, 483 92, 655 10, 582 3, 503 117 96 3,800 128, 270 2,100 7.000 141 ’ 170 2,200 149 97 3, 000 107, 625 1,000 8, 380 120, 005 19,748 7,065 157 98 10, 600 10,900 161,851 650 15, 427 199, 328 38,030 7,389 276 99 3, 500 18, 650 113, 795 3, 400 4,400 143, 745 13, 718 166 100 74, 769 3 300 53,002 131, 071 20, 378 5, 981 211 101 23,400 479, 406 9, 600 512,306 88, 145 18, 098 756 102 School plant 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 12s 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 f. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 5,000 Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 62 82 362 1,348 23, 191 22, 380 41, 757 310, 636 3 7 32 566 550 1,033 181 9,350 2 3 16 47 751 667 1,308 183 14, 207 2 1 9 27 538 418 903 180 5,800 2 3 7 31 539 497 949 177 7, 635 1 2 8 37 614 630 1,151 180 4,959 2 6 16 47 964 952 1,784 177 7, 352 53 64 299 1,127 19, 219 18, 666 34,629 261, 333 25 109 530 1,604 29, 685 29, 759 53, 239 515, 082 1 5 16 55 1,018 1,027 1,839 180 11,676 5 17 91 1,925 1,927 3, 492 184 23, 800 6 14 33 772 746 1,375 178 12, 504 2 1 14 48 804 781 1,452 190 11,955 1 1 17 45 714 772 1,263 177 15,634 4 27 34 725 721 1,306 199 21,159 21 87 425 1,298 23, 727 23, 785 42, 512 418, 354 16 68 474 1,506 27, 340 27, 037 47, 421 424, 519 2 16 49 865 979 1,597 170 14, 729 4 23 62 1,082 1,117 1,910 172 11,443 1 4 10 63 764 716 1,373 175 17,811 1 15 38 797 747 1,342 172 12, 519 2 16 54 980 1,013 1,766 172 14, 001 1 10 26 419 439 789 172 11,584 15 54 384 1, 214 22, 433 22, 026 38, 644 342, 432 5 50 109 700 13, 792 14, 223 23,876 120, 138 2 14 67 1,220 1,291 2,124 180 6, 964 4 10 43 950 930 1,598 180 9,130 2 3 7 64 992 1,053 1,840 178 8, 070 3 6 6 50 989 996 1,588 178 8,491 7 16 60 1,257 1,190 2,123 180 16, 858 6 10 82 1,294 1,458 2, 549 180 10, 000 22 46 344 7, 090 7,305 12, 054 60, 625 15 74 237 921 17, 743 17, 270 30, 587 202,297 1 4 11 28 716 753 1,303 180 5, 297 3 22 52 1,243 1,100 1,998 185 16, 691 1 2 9 28 492 492 839 181 5,929 6 2 60 720 691 1,305 180 8, 922 5 5 9 53 1,026 1,027 1,817 180 10, 045 4 2 8 43 589 572 1,079 178 6, 499 4 52 176 667 12, 957 12, 635 22. 246 148, 914 6 17 104 323 5, 566 5, 444 9,653 115,096 4 4 4 56 713 735 1,314 180 12, 592 1 16 13 309 277 516 180 12, 121 4 15 45 791 755 1,342 178 12, 255 5 4 48 814 768 1,455 180 14, 790 1 22 15 476 543 860 180 14, 803 4 37 645 545 1,027 180 7, 058 13 18 234 255 456 180 11, 768 2 2 26 91 1,584 1,566 2, 683 29, 709 IV of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50— Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total « (in thou¬ Other* Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 229, 146 331, 529 4, 798, 344 32, 710 357, 955 5, 749, 684 918, 971 367, 901 8,175 103 15, 180 99, 730 1,000 6,646 122,556 23, 954 7,126 177 104 12, 700 14,600 102, 340 4, 615 17, 181 241,436 42,816 14, 262 336 105 6, 626 3,645 112, 921 4, 255 2, 918 130,365 3,430 2, 354 152 106 4, 866 9, 325 95, 527 6, 812 116, 530 19, 804 8,291 164 107 3| 300 7, 775 130, 669 300 9, 493 151, 737 23, 551 7,376 210 108 6, 500 19, 550 167, 104 4, 566 12, 546 210, 266 24, 762 12, 065 294 109 195, 154 261,454 3, 999,853 17, 974 302, 359 4, 776, 794 780, 654 316, 427 6,842 no 98, 964 474,607 6,579,646 87, 794 574, 950 7,815,961 1,397,130 522, 472 11,035 111 2, 793 13, 710 220, 912 1,600 13, 637 252, 652 45, 670 16,793 342 112 23, 966 333, 515 13, 042 27,338 397,861 72, 417 26, 724 540 113 24, 000 144, 752 2,000 17, 589 188, 341 30,372 12.281 305 114 6, 800 4, 958 188, 962 1,440 9, 761 211,921 44, 316 17, 365 303 115 3; 750 5; 000 194; 336 3,268 8, 750 215,104 39, 057 11,829 288 116 21, 200 232, 951 4, 999 21. 044 280,194 62, 274 33, 236 427 117 85, 621 381, 773 5, 264, 218 61,445 476,831 6, 269,888 1,103,024 404, 244 8,830 118 59, 950 296, 681 5, 966,994 87,329 624, 804 7,035,758 1,389,340 450,896 10, 731 119 8, 107 196,117 2, 000 25, 471 231.695 35, 791 22,867 356 120 12, 150 238, 160 9, 203 29,839 289, 352 40,066 20,657 449 121 3, 652 13, 815 219, 939 16, 560 17, 918 271,884 121,518 32, 985 503 122 5, 225 141,901 4, 051 12, 664 163, 841 32, 681 6, 556 246 123 11,391 198, 384 18, 297 228, 072 57, 215 54, 570 388 124 4, 450 104,012 23, 375 131,837 17, 957 6, 477 204 125 06, 298 241, 543 4,868, 481 55,515 497, 240 5, 719,077 1,084,112 306, 784 8, 585 126 14, 200 140, 485 1,379,638 8, 520 53,390 1, 596, 233 158,038 90,839 2,154 127 10, 260 137, 245 2,400 2,242 152,147 11,131 1,045 186 128 10, 666 101, 407 2, 625 114, 698 6, 896 3, 822 139 129 4, 900 8, 000 117, 244 1,000 4,650 135, 794 10, 500 8, 200 168 130 9,300 14, 906 95, 582 1,237 5,073 126, 098 16, 829 2,784 160 131 17,873 185. 236 1,513 5,015 209, 637 31, 822 13, 525 288 132 17, 100 165, 900 2, 050 11,500 196, 550 17,040 19, 900 265 133 61,680 577, 024 320 22,285 661,309 63,820 41, 563 948 134 47,607 249, 853 2,708,046 39,814 253, 734 3,299,054 460, 051 170, 638 4, 826 135 1,925 10,683 82, 172 772 10, 514 106,066 17, 246 8,711 203 136 15, 036 233, 787 6, 095 14, 750 269, 668 36, 274 11, 123 357 137 2,575 7.025 82, 250 1,440 9, 768 103,058 17,168 4, 957 165 138 17, 553 127, 756 2, 444 16, 625 164, 378 21,341 6, 859 234 139 14, 391 17, 214 164, 084 1,984 17, 780 215, 453 39, 126 18, 206 306 140 15, 161 10, 633 114, 264 1,146 8, 637 149, 841 22, 546 10,654 196 141 13,555 171, 709 1, 903, 733 25,933 175, 660 2,290, 590 306,350 110, 126 3,365 142 33,050 61,132 1,279, 023 8,583 84, 512 1,466, 300 221, 297 122, 255 2,137 143 25,300 13,000 144, 700 13, 775 196, 775 25,000 3, 000 252 144 4, 000 98, 530 6, 521 109, 051 13, 591 9,630 171 145 16, 647 196, 361 6, 083 8, 333 226, 424 28,493 5, 383 295 146 15, 320 157, 797 12, 953 186, 070 30, 433 48, 043 292 147 3, 515 111, 976 500 12, 276 128, 267 28, 255 22, 258 266 148 116, 487 5, 164 121, 651 18, 175 1,998 151 149 71, 928 7 334 79 2fi2 13, 708 11, 759 120 150 7,750 8,650 381, 244 3, 000 18, 156l 418, 800 63, 642 20,184 590 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP IV —CITIES OF 5,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) 1 2 Nebraska.. Columbus . Falls City . Fairbury . Kearney . Nebraska City. York... . Other cities _ 3 9 1 3 2 3 4 5 29 7 4 2 2 8 5 114 11 10 18 19 10 10 36 6 7 8 9 330 38 36 43 58 33 37 85 6,034 666 676 655 1,053 692 576 1, 716 5,745 684 594 640 1,012 661 506 1, 648 10,173 1,216 1,156 1,155 1,743 1, 017 948 2, 938 10 180 176 180 180 180 180 76, 825 9, 298 6, 954 8, 607 13, 201 8, 678 9, 517 20, 570 Nevada . 2 Las Vegas (Union 2 District). Sparks . ... 14 11 3 53 40 200 154 3, 835 3, 632 2, 842 2, 756 6, 261 4, 680 174 51, 348 42, 078 13 876 1, 581 177 9, 270 New Hampshire... 2 Derry . - . Exeter . - . Franklin . . Lebanon . 2 Newport . - . Somersworth . 12 2 2 4 2 2 57 3 10 15 14 10 5 163 2,840 2,761 22 406 359 28 409 471 30 497 498 39 690 650 28 548 527 16 290 256 4,895 679 179 792 178 883 180 1, 072 173 977 180 492 180 48,190 7,188 8, 390 6,985 11, 333 6, 057 8, 237 New Jersey . Audubon - - Bogota . Boonton . Caldwell . Sayreville.---- . Secaucus...! . Other cities . 42 "2 40 117 1 1 2 3 1 3 106 796 19 14 18 31 10 6 698 2, 393 53 41 50 65 36 30 2,118 39, 932 893 631 844 1,178 567 516 35, 303 38, 380 927 603 818 1,147 483 425 33, 977 68, 042 1,625 1,088 1,451 2, 013 919 831 60, 115 183 181 183 185 180 181 731, 751 11,654 6, 441 17, 595 55, 378 9,117 11, 357 620, 209 New Mexico. Las Cruces _ Portales - Silver City _ Las Vegas _ Other cities . 15 1 1 2 11 44 184 4 26 5 23 1 1 4 21 30 113 548 11, 832 11,460 87 1,699 1,724 65 * 1, 500 * 1, 501 35 «625 5 626 48 1,015 1,087 313 6, 993 6, 522 19, 304 3, 012 2, 332 1,016 1,770 11,174 180 180 172 180 129,001 9,458 12, 630 11,203 15, 135 80, 575 New York. Bronxville _ Hudson Falls. Hion . Lancaster . Rye . Scotia... . Other cities _ 44 1 1 136 2 3 3 3 3 5 117 775 2, 465 38, 688 19 55 541 14 41 725 10 50 714 18 44 841 18 55 780 13 81 1,008 683 2,139 34, 079 37, 358 65, 811 593 1, 013 182 728 1,288 180 746 1,313 180 748 1,426 184 725 1,281 190 975 1,777 190 32, 843 57, 713 920, 106 36,187 12, 404 11, 525 18. 525 36, 462 16, 400 788, 603 North Carolina. .. Asheboro _ Mooresville - Roanoke Rapids - Washington... . Other cities . 9 1 1 1 1 5 78 5 4 6 4 59 177 11 9 17 16 124 1,110 21, 514 21, 477 80 1,511 1, 536 57 1,020 1, 042 75 1,368 1,315 91 1,808 1,683 807 15,807 15, 901 37, 505 2, 792 1, 906 2, 499 3,013 27, 295 180 180 180 180 188, 462 11,921 11, 345 13, 288 10, 563 141, 345 North Dakota _ 3 7 Devils Lake . . . 1 Dickinson _ _ 2 1 Mandan _ Williston . . . . . Other cities . - . 1 5 58 8 7 11 10 22 217 3, 597 3, 635 41 675 633 23 441 479 27 451 459 43 737 771 83 1,293 1,293 6, 503 56,061 10, 726 1,164 180 786 180 1, 189 733 180 11,263 1,423 180 10, 202 2,397 22, 681 See footnotes at end of Group IV of this table. STATISTICS OF CITT SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Ctjbbent expenditubes fob— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total « (in thou¬ Other * Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 29, 094 113, 673 1, 099, 905 10, 595 107, 351 1, 360, 618 213, 411 97, 410 1,859 152 4, 000 28, 000 119,685 13, 845 165, 530 29. 635 8, 914 216 153 16, 472 108, 893 6, 243 131, 608 21,964 9, 936 185 154 6i 254 138, 322 1,583 31, 603 177, 762 27, 579 12. 664 223 155 10, 556 198, 104 2, 765 17, 036 228, 461 31, 578 19, 575 321 156 11,238 31, 512 99, 794 1,077 13, 008 156, 629 27, 968 6, 919 200 157 4,556 3, 075 122, 156 1,200 9, 859 140,846 23, 805 10, 931 191 158 9,300 17, 804 312, 951 3, 970 15, 757 359, 782 50,882 28, 471 523 159 6, 000 57, 000 734, 068 99, 319 896, 387 138, 327 35, 326 1, 163 160 6,000 44, 000 553, 296 83, 690 686, 986 109, 867 23, 086 897 161 13, 000 180, 772 15, 629 209, 401 28, 460 12, 240 266 162 5,950 45, 379 579, 466 6, 923 33, 804 671,522 110,036 31, 172 1,032 163 62, 768 4, 004 66, 772 10, 961 6, 038 148 164 8, 800 118, 310 3, 301 8,122 138, 533 21,461 12, 014 199 165 7,104 106, 804 2, 656 6, 449 123, 013 21,803 1,088 173 166 5,950 15, 075 134, 377 966 9, 759 166, 127 26, 089 4,828 251 167 7, 500 103, 457 4, 071 115, 028 17, 780 5, 447 163 168 6, 900 53, 750 1, 399 62, 049 11, 942 1,757 98 169 180, 577 533, 134 9, 994, 561 263, 313 778, 877 11, 750, 462 1, 865, 397 961, 096 17, 030 170 4, 600 221, 225 4, 080 19, 565 249, 470 41,432 11, 674 336 171 6,400 5, 200 186, 410 3, 355 13, 634 214,999 38, 806 24,743 298 172 9, 350 231, 619 6, 502 25, 295 272, 766 35, 883 26, 339 367 173 14, 000 323, 459 12, 000 23, 178 372, 637 60, 516 34,113 559 174 4,620 139, 085 4,286 10,084 158, 075 37, 460 19, 155 252 175 17, 300 97, 015 2, 200 9, 305 125, 820 28, 426 8, 691 235 176 174, 177 478, 064 8, 795, 748 230, 890 677, 816 10, 356, 695 1, 622, 874 836, 381 14, 983 177 68,444 193, 487 2,299, 557 22, 910 82, 083 2, 666, 481 276,543 107, 428 3,530 178 7, 200 17, 540 382, 757 6, 595 1,359 415, 451 34,895 24, 664 524 179 8, 690 21,685 279, 018 3, 865 4,500 317, 758 24, 204 13, 930 472 180 3, 776 128, 017 5, 000 5,827 142, 620 10.646 4, 967 181 181 11, 580 17, 000 231,180 7, 400 267, 160 30, 710 7, 550 339 182 40, 974 133, 486 1, 278, 585 7,450 62, 997 1, 523, 492 176, 088 56, 317 2,014 183 194,785 702, 658 11, 507, 891 289, 479 1, 023, 603 13,718, 416 2, 073, 772 1, 060, 778 20,543 184 6, 050 16, 800 360, 313 11, 795 21, 322 416, 280 57, 237 28,150 603 185 13, 330 183, 150 5, 515 12, 039 214, 034 34, 229 5, 530 314 186 3, 687 13,100 179, 515 2,150 11,858 210, 310 26, 294 7, 130 293 187 14, 000 216, 233 5,200 10, 805 246, 238 29, 350 19, 015 331 188 24, 350 324, 974 10, 378 45, 270 404, 972 76, 483 19, 036 607 189 2, 772 23, 250 299, 656 7, 935 20, 377 353, 990 45, 410 27, 547 494 i90 182, 276 597,828 9, 944, 050 246, 506 901, 932 11, 872, 592 1, 804, 703 954, 370 17,901 i91 29, 332 313, 591 3, 467, 747 16, 179 98, 806 3, 925, 655 276, 503 233,164 4, 976 192 3, 458 18, 514 254, 824 4, 127 280, 923 18, 535 17, 884 348 193 3,310 17, 910 182, 962 1,000 4, 392 209. 574 13, 017 19, 947 266 194 4, 029 25, 968 254, 086 3,713 6, 164 293, 960 22, 836 19, 304 401 195 3, 460 22,288 275, 649 3, 978 3, 610 308. 985 24, 104 19, 671 436 196 15,075 228, 911 2, 500, 226 7,488 80, 513 2, 832, 213 198, 011 156, 358 3, 525 197 8,750 28,700 777, 823 3, 975 30, 267 849, 515 132, 713 86, 524 1,171 198 4,000 139, 977 1, 575 8, 652 154, 204 29. 249 22, 764 232 199 6,000 4,230 94, 421 2,400 3, 176 110. 227 13, 610 2, 864 136 200 106, 984 1, 686 108, 670 20, 709 18, 937 165 201 159. 909 7, 227 167, 136 21,684 11, 734 211 202 2,750 20,470 276,5321 . 9, 526 309, 278 47, 4611 30,225 4271203 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Men Women Enrollment Boys Girls Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) 1 2 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 Ohio . Athens . Barnesville. Dover . Gallipolis... Girard . Jackson _ Troy . Other cities. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 24 3 5 1 15 113 1 1 5 2 1 1 101 849 16 14 27 14 19 14 19 726 2, 285 36 22 48 36 53 36 56 1,998 42, 849 665 524 909 807 812 795 981 37, 356 41,517 611 492 858 801 795 796 889 36, 275 77, 025 1, 162 933 1,668 1, 489 1,479 1, 424 1,810 67, 060 10 180 175 176 173 174 176 175 691, 454 9,891 8, 440 16, 817 9, 302 12, 394 12, 730 13, 754 608, 126 213 214 215 216 217 218 Oklahoma . 4 Altus . Alva . Duncan . . 1 Pauls Valley . Other cities . 3 96 6 2 6 5 77 320 13 18 13 11 265 1,012 56 37 20,627 1,154 645 90 43 786 1,695 988 16, 145 19, 904 33, 927 1, 124 1,838 179 611 1, 141 175 1,688 2, 772 180 890 1,516 176 15, 591 26,660 298, 186 12, 279 6, 184 18, 680 17, 113 243, 930 219 220 221 222 223 224 Oreoon... Corvallis.... Grants Pass. Pendleton... The Dalles.. Other cities.. 11 1 2 5 2 37 220 5 30 6 36 5 29 3 20 18 105 396 57 70 48 42 179 8, 574 1,233 1,492 1,025 893 3,931 8,341 14,903 1,278 2,034 187 1, 492 2, 725 180 972 1, 742 177 783 1,412 179 3, 816 6,990 136, 242 21,055 19,001 21, 576 15, 410 59,200 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 Pennsylvania. Blainsville... . Glassport . . Lehighton . Oakmont _ Rankin . . Tarentum . Other cities _ 60 2 2 46 164 1, 575 1 14 2 11 1 18 3 12 1 20 1 23 155 1, 477 3,785 26 29 30 37 36 42 3, 585 67, 247 456 * 499 5 672 535 541 835 63, 709 66, 341 123, 846 478 868 180 8 500 964 180 8 627 1,254 180 558 1,013 181 565 1,007 180 939 1,418 180 62, 674 117,322 1, 475, 644 10, 696 14, 958 13, 576 22, 399 17, 514 15, 357 1,381, 144 233 234 235 236 Rhode Island . Barrington . . Burrilville (P. O. Pas- coag). Warren... . 9 24 3 9 1 8 1,906 719 8 646 1,947 698 8 646 3, 427 . 1, 230 181 1, 147 180 27. 491 10. 492 7,221 5 33 603 1,050 181 9,778 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 South Carolina _ Camden _ 3 Gaffney . Laurens . Marion . . Newberry _ Union . . Other cities . 3 35 124 5 5 1 18 3 7 3 15 3 7 4 14 16 58 824 74 74 51 54 65 92 414 15, 275 1, 388 1,371 1,049 1,126 1, 107 1, 762 7,472 16, 048 27,339 1,499 2, 489 180 1, 491 2, 608 180 1,059 1,909 180 1,177 1,950 180 1, 190 2, 065 180 1,683 3, 106 180 7, 949 13, 212 119, 241 8, 823 10, 463 8, 733 5, 478 7,118 20, 242 58, 384 245 246 247 248 249 South Dakota . l Brookings . Lead . . . Madison . . Yankton . 1 9 59 2 10 2 15 4 15 1 19 145 46 37 22 40 2,370 607 659 458 646 2,346 4,134 601 1,076 177 685 1,135 172 483 830 178 577 1,093 182 42, 906 9,357 13, 125 7,823 12,601 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 Tennessee . 2 Alcoa . Athens . Morristown _ Paris . Shelbyville . Union City . Other cities . 2 42 5 2 8 3 2 2 20 75 13 2 7 4 2 8 39 See footnotes at end of group IV of this table. 534 41 46 78 42 38 37 252 9,951 787 772 1, 355 681 616 1,072 4,668 9,742 796 743 1, 465 674 628 1,058 4,378 17, 986 106, 765 1, 445 179 10, 373 1, 392 175 7,029 2,179 175 11, 516 1, 197 175 11,740 1,183 180 1, 964 8,626 177 9,997 56, 110 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only Salaries and wages Super- Principals Teachers Clerks Other * Total School plant Operation Mainte¬ nance Total < (in thoU' sands) 12 14 16 18 19 80, 395 7,807 14, 812 3,700 54, 076 469, 842 3,700 3, 908 15, 420 7,050 6, 199 3, 639 6, 895 424, 031 8, 890, 312 139, 752 95, 068 177, 630 134, 723 211, 662 134, 866 234,396 7, 762, 215 111, 570 2, 410 1, 131 4,000 104,029 629, 437 9,444 4, 085 13, 346 10, 819 13,077 8, 591 15, 288 554, 787 10, 181, 556 160, 703 103, 061 221,208 155, 002 231, 069 150, 796 260, 579 8, 899, 138 1, 883, 259 35. 506 22, 254 40, 690 23, 673 48, 419 21, 284 38, 295 1, 653, 138 824, 491 5, 830 4, 292 17,058 10, 510 27, 770 7, 441 22, 860 728, 730 14,780 220 171 314 236 330 238 341 12, 930 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 14, 150 6,700 8, '450 387, 282 22,600 9,000 22, 810 17,680 315, 192 3, 548, 441 176, 634 145, 547 283, 162 163, 892 2, 779, 206 1,514 1,514 95, 946 7, 896 2, 494 6, 075 79, 481 4, 047, 333 207, 130 154, 547 314, 166 187, 647 3, 183, 843 380, 541 20, 438 17,000 22,093 17, 145 303, 865 202, 754 4,443 4,231 14, 655 (») 179, 425 5,302 251 210 377 300 4, 164 213 214 215 216 217 218 53, 010 5, 158 6,000 25,000 6,500 10,352 153, 621 15,431 29,091 21,588 15, 647 71, 864 2, 020, 158 293, 414 343, 715 39, 186 12, 164 275, 202 3,944 206, 746 5,400 901,081 17, 678 227, 843 21, 520 62, 254 39, 581 23, 013 81, 475 2, 493, 818 335, 523 453, 224 365,315 257, 306 1, 082, 450 373, 203 59, 401 65, 467 60, 693 38. 201 149, 441 177, 690 19, 558 22, 301 19, 158 29,319 87,354 3,668 505 662 499 376 1,626 219 220 221 222 223 224 182, 591 9, 485 8, 366 164, 740 618, 033 3,900 6, 041 3, 500 8,392 3, 567 4, 769 588, 864 14, 537, 979 104, 299 111, 650 129, 039 170, 437 3, 420 2,155 144, 143 3, 250 127, 820 1,480 194, 148 2,423 13, 726, 880 157, 709 1. 228, 560 9, 027 11,510 11,600 19, 693 3, 196 19, 633 1, 153, 901 16, 737, 600 130, 131 138, 722 144, 139 175, 478 136, 063 220, 973 15, 792, 094 2, 580, 878 23,200 18, 193 15, 959 32, 979 44, 469 31, 923 2, 414, 155 1, 195, 003 8, 860 5,910 19, 717 10, 026 16,342 29,653 1, 104, 495 24, 195 192 191 206 264 228 316 22, 798 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 36, 536 12, 856 5, 880 429, 334 175, 471 132, 160 2,551 1,250 11, 845 5, 516 2, 461 480, 266 195, 093 140, 501 68, 681 26, 188 22, 539 26, 353 11,081 10, 556 652 261 200 233 234 235 17. 800 121, 703 1,301 144, 672 19, 954 4, 716 191 236 9,975 9, 975 119, 616 19, 537 4, 500 9, 147 7,800 7, 717 13, 700 57,215 2, 145, 948 182, 928 227, 826 140, 063 142, 029 174, 367 246, 988 1,031, 747 3, 895 2,100 687 1, 108 56, 074 1,227 4, 585 2, 072 2, 721 1,820 5, 020 38, 629 2, 335, 508 203, 692 239, 011 151, 969 152. 550 183,904 266, 816 1, 137, 566 220, 074 18, 079 20,516 12, 029 13, 575 17, 140 31, 750 106, 985 114, 904 1,902 9, 337 7, 668 5, 269 27, 040 20, 957 42,731 3, 320 277 393 187 208 274 369 1, 612 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 4,908 4, 908 30, 780 8, 023 7,060 12, 523 3,174 567, 151 141, 008 160, 157 91, 858 174, 128 9,102 2, 829 2, 280 447 3,546 41, 526 12, 247 3, 598 12, 783 12, 898 653, 467 164, 107 173, 095 117, 611 198, 654 114, 008 32, 063 29, 953 22, 780 29, 212 44, 403 6,740 17, 510 10, 090 10, 063 6,065 6,065 135, 548 18,000 7.755 23,800 9,171 7,165 9, 403 60,254 1, 361, 051 120, 546 99, 117 181, 465 100, 692 70,642 112, 231 676, 358 5,647 1,220 1,223 3,204 65, 111 7, 332 6,172 11, 233 5, 881 3, 350 4, 399 26,744 1, 573, 422 145, 878 113, 044 217, 718 116,967 81, 157 126, 033 772, 6251 147, 041 12, 950 7,575 18, 012 10,640 10, 698 10, 503 76,663 73, 849 6,117 7,593 4, 078 4, 305 7,868 2, 994 40,894| 897 245 226 246 2431247 165,248 263 249 2, 039 1 250 178 251 145 252 272 253 154 254 115 255 156 256 1, 019 257 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP IV— CITIES OF 5,000 City Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current expendi¬ tures for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff » (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 258 Texas _ _ 47 242 1,037 4,029 73, 555 70, 176 119, 655 1, 197, 159 259 Alice . 2 6 31 88 2, 086 1,882 3, 248 176 30, 332 260 Beeville _ 3 14 57 1, 019 991 1,594 171 20, 678 261 4 14 46 861 960 1, 661 175 11,916 262 Rusk . . 2 10 29 *524 *526 927 175 9, 795 263 San Marcos . 1 3 18 71 1,096 1,106 1, 660 177 17, 027 264 Seguin _ 5 16 52 1, 267 1, 128 1, 854 175 17, 620 265 Vernon . 1 6 17 71 1, 345 1,281 2, 268 175 20, 985 266 43 213 917 3,615 65, 357 62, 302 106, 443 1, 068, 806 Utah _ _ 267 Murray . 1 5 15 54 1, 147 1,135 2,087 176 11, 960 268 Vermont _ 16 8 43 125 2,140 1, 974 3,690 30, 953 269 Bellows Falls . 7 5 10 34 512 459 851 180 7, 948 270 Bennington . 5 2 11 35 620 583 1, 060 176 12, 733 271 Springfield . 4 1 22 56 1, 008 932 1, 779 177 10, 272 272 Virginia.. . 16 33 90 479 7,481 7, 158 13, 486 56, 250 273 Bristol . 1 7 19 92 1, 501 1,432 2, 861 180 8, 322 274 Clifton Forge . . 3 9 35 559 515 960 180 5, 883 275 Hampton _ _ 3 14 42 707 687 1, 279 180 3, 076 276 Harrisonburg... . 7 4 7 53 823 743 1,428 180 8, 482 277 Hopewell . . 5 4 17 73 1,159 1, 066 1,994 181 7, 135 278 Radford _ 5 9 63 876 843 1,523 180 10, 195 279 South Norfolk . 4 7 55 850 852 1,527 180 4, 436 280 Waynesboro . 3 3 8 66 1, 006 1, 020 1, 914 180 8,721 281 Washington _ 5 24 148 306 7,466 6,961 12, 129 83, 898 282 Anacortes _ 4 16 34 755 756 1,282 180 10, 316 283 Centralia _ 3 36 67 1,563 1, 358 2, 444 172 18. 134 284 Kelso. . . . 3 5 27 78 1,754 1, 702 2, 900 180 20, 688 285 Port Angeles . 2 5 30 62 1,584 1,510 2, 625 172 17, 144 286 Puyallup _ 7 39 65 1, 810 1, 635 2,878 171 17, 616 287 Wisconsin _ 13 37 300 693 12, 352 12, 462 22, 127 167, 463 288 Antigo . . . 2 2 22 52 947 873 1,609 177 9, 230 289 Kaukauna _ 1 14 29 515 515 938 177 10, 703 290 Sparta . . 1 1 13 30 582 603 1, 001 172 2, 020 291 Sturgeon Bay . . 3 19 28 659 594 1,089 177 9, 044 292 Whitefish Bay . 1 4 35 82 1,319 1,301 2,168 184 30, 083 293 Other cities _ 9 26 197 472 8,330 8,576 15, 322 106, 383 294 Wyoming . 12 14 135 2, 507 2,605 4, 417 24, 789 295 Rawlins _ _ 5 73 1,281 1, 378 2, 332 178 13, 972 296 Rock Springs . 7 14 62 1, 226 1, 227 2,085 178 10, 817 i Includes persons rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided half or more than half of their employment time is given to such instructional work. 3 The actual number of days in the school year that children were taught. * Includes instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books; and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians. The expenditure for textbooks furnished gratis to indigent pupils, only, is classified as an Auxiliary Services item, and reported accordingly. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 for public-school systems, by State and by city: 1949-50— Continued TO 9,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Total 4 (in thou¬ sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 196, 042 1, 073, 698 15,002, 600 145, 709 568, 123 16, 986, 172 1, 359, 858 598, 608 22, 148 258 7,440 22, 300 412, 206 12, 000 10, 578 464, 524 34, 728 3, 700 552 259 17, 019 199, 071 7, 823 223, 913 17, 419 6, 923 295 260 16; 000 221, 200 1,500 3, 515 242, 215 14, 720 6, 052 338 261 4, 560 122, 925 1, 540 129, 025 6, 952 4, 677 180 262 4, 601 15, 970 269; 781 3,117 6, 378 299, 847 5, 622 4, 968 350 263 28, 302 228, 562 320 4, 577 261, 761 21, 399 5, 662 314 264 4, 279 24,111 263, 531 1,500 5, 866 299, 287 20, 484 4, 640 369 265 179, 722 945, 436 13, 285, 324 127, 272 527,846 15, 065, 600 1, 238, 534 561, 986 19, 750 266 3,985 19, 696 197, 726 1,855 11,081 234, 343 24, 743 20, 609 352 267 47, 986 31, 754 428, 169 4,902 37, 073 549, 884 88, 617 41, 528 780 268 13, 333 15, 264 97, 698 1,800 8, 636 136, 731 22, 355 6, 868 201 269 19, 275 11, 360 119, 680 1, 505 11, 948 163, 768 22, 125 20, 422 225 270 15, 378 5,130 210, 791 1,597 16, 489 249, 385 44,137 14, 238 354 271 54, 629 123, 476 1, 306, 315 21, 196 78, 368 1, 583, 984 196, 854 135, 147 2,091 272 6, 400 25, 398 256, 935 2,710 4, 010 295, 453 36, 407 25, 640 400 273 10, 100 104, 133 641 3, 962 118, 836 12, 343 8, 440 149 274 10, 660 117, 930 2, 065 8, 951 139, 606 18, 679 5, 313 177 275 21, 960 15, 240 136, 056 3, 357 5,147 181, 760 24, 036 7,305 233 276 14, 269 17, 800 218, 041 6,057 13, 288 269, 455 37, 636 33, 172 364 277 17,657 153, 755 1,570 7, 854 180, 836 30, 493 16, 981 255 278 14, 621 142, 919 3, 437 15, 994 176, 971 18, 602 13, 187 229 279 12,000 12, 000 176, 546 1, 359 19, 162 221, 067 18, 658 25, 109 284 280 20,253 103, 753 1, 544, 123 26, 255 127, 202 1, 821, 586 237,211 156, 185 2,623 281 16, 600 167, 705 3, 481 10, 692 198, 478 31, 666 25, 157 301 282 19, 100 350, 816 7,537 36, 289 413, 742 54, 247 32, 501 592 283 12, 729 22, 380 366, 905 6, 964 25, 094 434, 072 46, 951 31, 695 602 284 7,524 19, 650 315, 690 3,244 25, 003 371,111 49, 553 6, 337 512 285 26, 023 343, 007 5,029 30, 124 404, 183 54, 794 60, 495 616 286 57, 175 163, 472 2, 996, 568 46, 166 269, 800 3, 533, 181 625, 997 252, 414 5,101 287 10, 726 7,983 217,461 4, 295 19, 830 260, 295 41, 478 13, 680 371 288 4, 737 138, 746 2, 079 9,163 154, 725 24, 174 4,147 198 289 5,500 3,800 120, 016 2,200 8, 571 140, 087 19, 477 3, 513 191 290 12,000 134, 138 9, 255 155, 393 23, 019 3, 259 208 291 4,107 23, 571 507, 598 31,416 566, 692 103,126 25, 598 831 292 36, 842 111, 381 1, 878, 609 37, 592 191, 565 2, 255, 989 414, 723 202, 217 3, 302,293 29,116 440, 413 6, 963 25, 809 502, 301 79, 240 40, 625 688 294 18, 458 187, 887 6,963 6,476 219, 784 33, 467 9,281 300 295 10,658 252, 526 19, 333 282, 517 45, 773 31,344 388 296 School plant 4 Includes amounts shown in columns 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, plus amounts not shown but reported by city school systems as expenditures for the following current accounts: Auxiliary school services; fixed charges; community services to public and nonpublic schools paid from school district funds; and adult and summer schools. This total figure covers all school current expenditures whether or not same are directly allocable as a charge against per pupil in average daily attendance cost for the public-school system reporting. * Distribution by sex not reported. Total for 1949-50 has been divided on basis of previous biennial reports to this office. 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. ’—Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: City Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year* (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Continental United States. . . 293 2,150 11, 793 35,091 649, 500 632,367 1,131,914 |10, 762, 192 2 5 22 65 434 8, 006 7,954 14, 236 78, 027 3 Atmore _ 13 238 247 410 175 4,275 4 Fort Payne _ 2 5 28 541 543 997 175 4, 920 5 3 5 29 586 599 938 175 991 6 Union Springs _ 6 37 613 650 1,138 176 4,476 7 Other cities .T _ 5 17 49 327 6, 028 5, 915 10, 753 63, 365 8 6 15 102 251 5, 162 4,896 8, 860 93, 989 Clifton: 9 Elementary District. 2 7 24 507 467 864 175 10, 466 10 High School District. 1 6 5 98 107 190 175 1,411 11 Miami _ 4 20 78 1,395 1,395 2, 361 177 13, 750 12 Williams . 1 2 9 15 318 294 526 174 11, 787 13 Winslow . 2 2 15 48 1,051 967 1,749 176 10, 170 14 Other cities _ 3 4 45 81 1,793 1,666 3, 170 46, 405 15 Arkansas _ 2 79 291 1,231 26, 792 26, 647 44, 037 220, 882 16 De Queen.. _ 1 8 28 » 595 * 594 1,016 172 9,655 17 Mena _ _ 2 9 43 835 786 1,365 176 4,102 18 Monti cello _ 3 8 47 860 904 1,476 178 7,812 19 Newport . 2 5 11 70 1,607 1,608 2, 335 174 11, 670 20 Trumann _ 2 11 44 1,195 1,120 1,573 178 4, 500 21 Other cities. _ 66 244 999 21, 700 21, 635 36, 272 183, 143 22 California _ 35 169 1,287 2, 791 54, 431 52, 022 98, 541 1, 143, 683 23 Carmel . 1 2 10 27 408 399 784 176 11,834 24 Gilroy _ 3 55 13 » 922 *924 1,750 180 8, 905 25 Lindsay _ 4 15 53 700 690 1,171 172 10, 750 26 Needles _ 4 18 37 5 685 *686 1,254 172 16, 958 27 Paso Robles _ 2 13 41 740 760 1,405 175 13, 441 28 Other eit.ies 34 154 1,176 2,620 50, 976 48, 563 92, 177 14, 684 1, 081, 795 29 Colorado _ 3 36 144 413 8, 279 7,912 133, 703 30 Brighton _ 3 13 52 833 750 1,482 178 11,032 31 Florence _ 1 9 20 350 339 569 172 6,377 32 Lamar _ 3 14 38 780 707 1, 319 179 12, 594 33 Leadville _ 2 9 20 378 361 717 179 8, 530 34 Salida _ 2 15 21 461 438 857 179 7, 276 35 Other eit.ies 3 25 84 262 5, 477 5, 317 9, 640 87, 894 36 Delaware 11 69 209 3,465 3,494 6, 233 56, 297 37 Laurel _ 3 11 47 *657 *657 1,233 181 11, 222 38 Milford . 3 13 42 705 707 1,224 180 8, 242 39 Newark.. _ 1 12 44 728 730 1,355 180 11,420 40 New Castle _ 2 21 29 704 700 1,256 180 12, 081 41 Seaford _ 2 12 47 671 700 1,165 13, 332 42 Georgia _ 8 49 198 3,766 3, 803 6, 637 41, 909 43 Barnesville _ 2 12 24 538 576 988 176 3, 975 44 Calhoun _ 6 24 479 383 747 175 5, 793 45 Hogans ville _ 1 5 39 697 661 1,177 180 7,262 46 i Trion _ _ _ 3 4 27 471 459 846 175 7,156 47 ' West Point 8 24 423 569 941 175 5, 000 48 I Other cities . 2 14 60 1,158 1,155 1, 938 . 12, 723 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION Current expenditures fob— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total « (in thou¬ Other * Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 $1,228,946 $8,535,063 $130,284,391 $1,413,060 $10,152,931 $151,614,391 $21,633, 368 $10,301, 660 $221, 240 11, 000 63, 298 1, 040, 199 24, 829 1, 139, 326 85, 840 49, 003 1,475 2 25' 245 200 25, 445 1,880 5, 274 49 3 4, 230 55, 353 143 59, 726 3,691 961 69 4 12, 185 85,015 1,660 98, 860 5,300 652 114 5 92 484 3, 282 95, 766 5, 405 1,696 119 6 11, 000 46, 883 782, 102 19, 544 859, 529 69, 564 40,420 1, 124 7 24, 697 71, 944 1, 205, 004 5, 967 91, 681 1, 399, 193 163, 373 114,627 1,882 8 5,179 79, 401 3, 580 88, 160 11,275 7,105 122 9 5’ 111 35’ 297 3,114 43, 522 895 1,852 50 10 20,478 340, 570 3, 920 21, 486 386,454 50, 982 52, 610 543 11 3, 921 10, 640 89, 765 13,171 117,497 14, 876 8, 320 166 12 8, 052 10, 536 242, 585 2, 047 8, 207 271,427 39, 761 14, 348 348 13 12, 624 20, 000 417, 386 42, 123 492, 133 45, 584 30, 392 653 14 6,300 240, 641 2, 821,796 16, 387 45, 553 3, 130, 677 320, 884 127, 360 4, 365 15 3,600 73, 807 898 78, 305 6,149 108 16 8, 610 92, 784 677 102, 071 11,810 1,287 138 17 7,820 89, 393 2, 012 2,499 101, 724 8, 842 4, 267 130 18 6,300 10, 796 126, 758 864 1, 000 145, 718 15, 450 11, 352 213 19 7, 480 87, 531 1,200 2, 500 98, 711 7, 400 4,700 161 20 202, 335 2, 351, 523 12, 311 37, 979 2, 604, 148 271,233 105, 754 3, 615 21 168,290 809, 050 13, 856, 763 210,644 1, 788, 976 16, 833, 723 2, 971, 716 1,067,047 24,799 22 5, 000 10, 000 184, 671 27, 439 227, 110 36, 957 14, 075 341 23 15, 000 251, 230 4, 350 18, 025 288, 605 35, 830 11, 815 382 24 16, 844 190,400 4, 081 21,640 232, 965 39, 021 33, 886 349 25 13, 272 178, 738 4, 442 28, 898 225, 350 21, 689 29, 724 358 26 9, 696 191, 397 3, 504 17,040 221, 637 27, 730 14, 133 320 27 163, 290 744, 238 12, 860, 327 194, 267 1, 675, 934 15, 638, 056 2, 810,489 963, 414 23,049 28 12, 352 139, 175 1, 594, 245 12, 314 90, 042 1, 848, 128 249, 062 219, 019 2, 683 29 18, 848 144, 839 250 16, 329 180, 266 24,391 14, 693 279 30 3, 500 66, 130 3, 930 73, 560 10, 489 2, 999 104 31 16, 617 128, 776 2,651 6, 933 154, 977 19, 336 16, 410 218 32 9, 583 72, 308 4, 321 86, 212 16, 156 3, 630 120 33 7,374 102, 257 1,150 5, 399 116, 180 18, 043 3,337 153 34 12, 352 83, 253 1,079, 935 8, 263 53, 130 1, 236, 933 160, 647 177, 950 1,809 35 49, 250 1 817, 329 9, 869 67, 783 944, 231 116, 574 81, 718 1,248 36 12, 950 i 169, 392 1,784 13,094 197, 220 27, 360 20, 323 ; 262 37 16, 50C 1 194, 565 6,575 15, 364 233, 004 24, 702 28, 886 i 307 38 3, 00C ) 121, 758 8, 211 132, 969 17, 406 19, 006 _ _ 1 201 39 8, 55C 1 151, 903 1,510 1 16, 085 178, 048 24,609 219 40 8, 25C 1 179,711 15, 029 202, 990 22, 497 13, 509 1 259 41 27,164 l 522, 472 5, 763 1 25, 942 1 ! 581,341 48, 414 22, 614 829 42 7, 00( ) 83, 787 1,680 92, 467 102 43 63, 102 144 5, 220 1 68, 466 1 3, 861 938 ; 92 44 3, 60C ) 76, 135 9,368 ; 89, 103 l 7, 926 4, 719 1 144 45 9, 024 l 85, 905 1 1, 932 1 _ _ ! 6, 634 103, 495 19, 515 5, 224 178 46 62, 000 62, 00C 1 4, 556 4,400 l 78 47 . 1 7, 54( ) 151, 543 1 2, 002 rl 4, 720 1 165, 810 1 12, 556 7,333 235 48 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current expendi¬ tures for: City Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Men Women Boys Girls Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) 49 50 61 52 53 54 Idaho _ _ 3 Blackfoot . . Emmett . . . Jerome . 1 St. Anthony _ 1 Other cities. . 1 4 5 58 239 6 19 2 16 4 11 8 18 38 175 6 7 8 9 678 60 54 46 55 463 13,220 1, 109 986 1,100 1, 069 8, 956 13,041 1,107 1,091 951 1,052 8,840 23,642 1,911 1,766 1, 957 1,930 16,078 10 173 174 172 174 161, 233 13,688 10, 427 7, 941 13, 526 115, 651 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Illinois . 16 Anna: Elementary District. . High School District . Bradley _ _ _ _ _ Dolton . . . East Alton-Wood 1 River. Galva _ 1 Oglesby . . Other cities _ 14 86 1 1 4 3 2 1 74 501 1,507 25, 565 24,897 45,090 5 8 2 4 20 18 11 21 38 322 262 308 694 19 439 319 258 268 633 453 593 450 520 1,094 812 185 185 186 195 179 9 6 447 433 295 22, 812 434 260 22, 272 770 186 502 186 40,349 . 544,896 7,731 3, 500 1,898 11, 685 13, 845 7,305 8, 948 489, 984 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Indiana.. Alexandria. Dunkirk... East Gary.. Gas City... Union City. Other cities. 10 1 1 8 47 321 2 11 2 7 2 7 4 15 1 6 36 275 592 13, 552 13, 162 24 668 466 18 *373 *374 27 611 580 32 823 763 19 326 341 472 10, 751 10, 638 23, 708 1,012 661 1,055 1, 425 602 18, 953 177 173 174 175 176 198, 968 10, 395 6,512 7,488 6. 893 9,577 158, 103 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 Iowa . 4 Anamosa _ Belle Plaine . Eagle Grove . Pella . Sac City. . . . Tipton . . Vinton . Other cities . . 4 52 1 1 2 2 1 2 42 473 11 5 17 10 11 9 16 394 1, 182 23 26 26 22 26 28 40 991 20, 211 319 333 523 332 406 • 449 723 17, 126 19, 984 35,441 337 582 180 291 555 180 572 919 180 334 566 180 385 718 180 » 449 778 179 635 16, 981 1,206 30, 117 180 371, 891 5,440 4, 772 6,976 7, 571 4, 059 7, 379 9, 929 325, 765 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 Kansas.. Belleville... Cherryvale. Galena _ Herington.. Kingman... Russell . Other cities. 9 72 2 2 1 3 3 1 7 62 314 11 11 9 7 10 13 253 827 14,681 14,465 15 321 314 19 363 348 29 489 433 21 344 363 21 355 382 38 642 644 684 12, 167 11, 981 25,503 567 645 865 581 613 1,238 20,994 177 176 180 177 180 172 248, 850 6, 976 7, 438 4,100 7,888 6,057 11, 426 204, 965 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 Kentucky. ... Dawson Springs. Fulton . Georgetown . Harrodsburg.... Irvine . Mount Sterling.. Murray . . Russellville . Other cities . 45 4 2 2 2 1 3 1 30 112 5 3 7 6 4 5 9 4 691 536 11 23 24 27 21 30 26 25' 3491 9,691 219 360 405 438 378 417 527 491 6,456 9,554 275 17, 198 430 173 337 604 176 371 715 175 451 753 176 392 716 177 458 749 187 523 982 180 454 6,293 850 11,399 175 168, 566 5,149 6. 797 7, 052 9, 395 6, 734 9,839 5, 250 9, 731 108, 619 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures for— Continued Instruction in full-time day sc hools, only Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks Other < Total School plant Operation Mainte¬ nance Total « (in thou¬ sands) 13 14 15 18 19 9. 173 3,500 2, 142 3, 531 69,977 3,300 5,500 61, 177 30, 121 3, 180 26,941 18,288 18,: 31, 895 6, 560 25,335 177,330 16, 741 6, 707 12, 400 25,310 116, 172 344,001 4,000 2, 300 14,000 12,000 9,500 3,645 298, 556 162, 496 10,000 8, 154 4, 15, 337 4, 500 119, 615 218, 228 5,250 5, 144 9,000 8,179 5, 000 4, 500 9,000 172, 155 248, 187 5,200 4, 10, 844 11, 350 3,395 213,005 122,1 8,815 5,013 7,023 4,050 5, ,400 6,000 3, 627 82,960 2, 120, 832 200, 787 112, 428 141, 597 181, 269 1, 484, 751 5,767,327 55, 393 61,000 38, 760 106, 585 141, 223 111, 518 65, 947 5, 186, 901 2, 900, 955 112, 790 67,007 98,869 138, 481 69, 747 2, 414, 061 4, 292, 380 78, 196 71, 340 121, 421 69, 454 109, 827 107, 923 124, 607 3, 609, 612 2, 900, 541 62, 709 70,690 72, 549 65, 842 90,482 156, 100 2, 382, 169 1, 204, 650 25,635 41,188 57, 176 65, 955 41, 708 70,385 61,000 46, 376 805,227 5,783 5,783 52,071 3,700 2,500 45, 871 16,455 1, 650 50 1, 282 346 13, 127 17, 581 L, 430 16, 151 1, 183 8,030 3,925 2,009 167, 097 17, 714 5, 968 3, 927 20, 567 118, 921 409,314 3,810 700 1,563 17, 923 13, 926 12, 934 6, 082 352,376 100,002 7, 225 2, 570 1, ' 6,330 1,793 81, 168 367, 740 5, 964 3. 990 8, 449 2,110 9, 256 5,439 12, 356 320, 176 216,839 6, 996 4.991 1,800 4, 271 3,898 19, 659 176, 224 35,820 1,124 338 1,925 3, 109 815 1,602 2,350 842 23, 715 2, 480, 215 235, 242 125, 103 161, 424 229, 288 1, 729, 158 417, 639 47,015 17,800 24, 635 34, 897 293, 292 6,642,690 1,162,253 59,203 69, 400 42, 623 138, 508 170, 449 139,452 78, 174 5, 944, 881 3,210,029 131, 665 77, 781 108, 855 160, 430 76. 386 2, 654, 912 4, 014, 217 89,410 81,904 138, 870 79, 743 124, 083 117,862 145, 963 4, 136, 382 3, 407, 161 80, 465 81, 257 85, 679 81,463 97, 775 175, 759 2,804, 763 1,367,283 26, 759 62, 350 64,114 66. 087 47, 241 77. 387 69. 850 50, 845 912, 650 13.039 8,900 8,013 33, 069 39, 977 25,512 13, 323 1,020, 420 459, 761 17,016 13,416 19, 421 24,601 11, 134 374, 173 870, 008 16, 123 13, 520 22. 963 10, 940 21, 140 21,220 20, 899 743, 203 463, 565 12,711 9, 380 10, 368 12, 182 12,325 16,836 389, 763 197,008 3, 799 10, 736 9, 424 8, 648 5, 160 10, 662 11,000 8,031 129, 548 188, 347 14, 102 4, 11,095 14, 105 144, 577 467, 834 651 2, 778 3.043 4,015 6,887 311 450, 149 202, 948 8, 654 9, 589 4,374 6,351 8. 267 165, 713 292,304 2, 991 3, 686 2,018 5, 753 5, 180 3,019 6,312 263,345 259, 473 6, 024 5, 712 6, 109 7, 462 6, 039 14, 709 213, 418 70, 543 1,762 2,540 5, 361 7,212 1, 639 456 4, 492 47, 081 3,913 374 173 242 343 2,781 10, 479 90 119 208 133 9, 412 4,338 170 109 141 209 107 3, 602 7,236 124 105 192 130 157 181 215 6,132 4, 117 107 114 116 128 229 3, 798 1,975 47 79 92 100 63 111 75 96 1,312! 97 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 City Personnel and attendance in full-time DAY SCHOOLS Current EXPENDI¬ TURES for: Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Maine _ 6 32 84 1, 505 1,522 2, 781 11, 288 1 5 22 322 306 579 180 2,803 1 10 23 422 461 821 180 2, 735 Hallowell (P. O. Win- 2 4 16 320 300 557 179 3, 667 throp). 2 13 23 441 455 824 180 2, 083 6 12 56 174 2, 994 2,951 5,370 55, 994 Blackstone . 1 1 4 14 224 233 404 177 3,888 Hopedale _ 3 6 16 275 263 497 175 5, 416 Lee . . 1 2 9 19 374 355 667 181 5, 275 3 5 17 321 261 524 175 7,133 Rockport _ 7 22 301 321 627 175 7,176 1 6 25 86 1,499 1,518 2,651 27,106 Michigan _ 6 72 484 1 450 28, 040 26, 807 49, 713 579, 649 Allegan _ 2 18 30 697 631 1,173 190 13, 352 Bad Axe 1 31 398 365 678 190 12, 468 Bessemer _ 1 12 18 313 312 563 190 11,947 Center Line . 1 1 14 40 862 798 1, 526 200 15, 196 Munising _ 1 12 27 562 554 964 186 10, 510 North ville _ 2 11 28 516 473 913 200 10,417 Otsego _ 1 43 777 655 1,172 190 9, 861 Other cities _ 5 63 417 1,233 23, 915 23, 019 42, 724 495, 898 Minnesota 5 42 350 974 17, 232 17, 390 30, 912 358, 220 Benson _ 2 14 24 571 574 1,024 173 10, 720 Crosby _ 2 16 42 653 637 1,228 170 13, 108 Gilbert _ 2 g 22 • 292 » 293 520 179 16, 727 Luveme _ 1 10 23 422 336 700 174 9, 751 North field . . 1 16 36 704 666 1,211 172 12, 150 Sauk Rapids _ 9 15 297 260 493 180 8, 233 Sleepy Eye _ 1 6 13 225 245 431 173 8, 254 Other cities _ 5 33 271 799 14, 068 14, 379 25, 305 279, 277 Mississippi _ 39 116 618 12, 531 12, 959 21,886 138, 493 Aberdeen _ 4 7 61 1, 230 1,237 2,133 180 8, 490 Holly Springs _ 1 6 29 515 475 885 180 6, 679 Moss Point _ 2 7 44 928 916 1,712 180 11,031 Oxford _ 4 9 33 681 718 1, 218 180 10, 050 Stark ville . 2 6 34 588 607 881 178 6, 810 Other cities _ 26 81 417 8, 589 9,006 15, 057 95, 433 Missouri _ 18 87 335 1,099 21, 425 20, 596 37, 138 273, 789 Aurora . 1 2 7 27 489 493 908 180 4, 892 Berkeley _ _ 3 6 21 386 323 638 180 8, 220 Crystal City _ 3 6 25 386 394 709 180 9, 940 Festus _ 3 9 31 674 642 1,159 180 5,200 Lamar . _ 2 8 17 333 392 622 178 5, 700 Liberty . 1 2 7 27 525 492 933 180 3, 713 West Plains _ _ 1 15 31 725 816 1,314 180 7, 448 Other cities _ 16 71 277 920 17,907 17,044 30, 855 228, 676 Montana _ 4 19 95 299 4, 746 4, 832 8,627 107, 022 Cut Bank _ 3 8 29 422 433 824 180 11,085 Deer Lodge _ 3 8 25 420 382 718 182 8,059 Glendive _ 4 10 39 499 622 1, 090 181 9,167 Laurel . . 3 3 9 32 596 580 999 179 9, 644 Roundup _ 1 4 21 262 255 470 180 8,333 Whitefish . 1 7 27 553 531 946 180 8,119 Other cities . . i 4 49 126 1, 994 2,029 3, 580 _ 52, 615 footnotes at end of Group V of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 70 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Ctjbbent expendittjbes fob— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only and wages Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks Other * Total School plant Operation Mainte¬ nance Total 4 (in thou¬ sands) 14 15 18 18 19 24, 475 3,000 12,000 2,675 6,800 22,930 19,050 23,700 10, 670 3,516 20, 256 3,500 3,500 6,280 6,976 43, 245 3,500 6,625 6,400 26,720 313, 775 8,400 4.799 3,142 5,000 5.800 8, 983 4,672 272, 979 195, 389 7.800 11, 149 11,500 3,900 6,620 2,650 151, 770 110, 354 11,060 2,000 8,000 9,000 7,375 72, 919 297,383 8,594 12,393 10,800 9,968 5,764 7,050 3,700 239, 114 69, 392 11, 100 11, 234 17,800 11, 966 3, 100 4,602 9,590 232, 503 50, 566 70, 533 27, 189 84,215 610, 405 52, 663 55, 787 71, 183 74, 081 71,410 285,281 5, 892, 327 149, 677 96,160 64,880 195, 810 109, 418 135, 248 118, 969 5, 022, 165 3, 788, 883 107, 954 155, 093 83,225 98, 466 163. 689 56, 911 53, 231 3, 070, 314 1, 276, 704 82, 092 50,480 108, 233 91,625 94,130 850,144 3, 288, 975 71,703 60, 896 89, 316 91, 869 56, 698 91, 763 101, 242 2, 725, 488 1, 134, 973 118,444 99,227 153, 122 106, 419 70, 773 107, 952 479, 036 1,500 2,454 2,454 73,718 1, 1,000 2,200 696 2,900 1,194 64,228 13, 270 1,820 1, 200 10,250 6,833 2,025 2,700 " *2, *108 27, 059 561 581 2,435 1, 770 1,000 20,712 5, 587 3,007 ’2,’ 580 27, 893 5,767 11, 135 2, 8,407 48, 978 2, 425 4,754 5,230 6, 641 3,132 26, 796 524, 650 13, 709 7,841 11, 501 16, 010 8,413 7,735 7,240 452, 201 376, 288 9,205 14, 783 20, 212 8,938 16, 518 4,108 5, 463 297, 061 42,507 4,079 1,500 3, 250 1,497 32, 181 335, 352 9, 419 3, 849 7,315 9,295 6, 872 9,453 8, 572 280, 577 94,072 11, 266 6,677 5, 278 9, 709 4, 799 11, 217 45,126 282, 152 59, 833 86, 668 36, 053 99,598 729, 557 61, 72, 541 85,713 87,122 74,542 348, 051 6, 827, 400 173, 286 108, 800 80, 523 222,900 124, 327 154, 132, 075 5, 830, 623 4,397,530 124, 959 181, 025 116, 757 111, 304 188, 027 61, 019 61,344 3, 553, 095 1, 436, 398 99, 256 53, 980 116, 233 106, 575 103, 002 957, 352 4, 013, 299 96, 127 77, 719 107, 431 113, 567 69, 334 112, 636 114, 514 3, 321, 971 1, 318, 210 140, 810 117, 138 179, 207 138, 764 78, 672 123, 771 539,848 43,900 11,311 11,206 7,178 14,205 126, 700 12,399 13, 734 13,229 15, 169 13, 033 59, 136 1, 204, 281 27,290 4, 424 29, 823 29, 059 34, 121 27, 947 18,250 1, 033, 367 782, 349 19,203 40,441 48, 529 15, 262 23,837 14, 022 9, 912 611, 143 128,251 7,501 4, 850 11, 932 8,412 7,009 88, 547 579, 955 7,338 9, 758 15,454 10, 817 9, 867 16, 074 15, 205 495, 442 218, 464 16, 875 17,824 15, 758 35, 860 13,150 19, 052 99,945 17, 927 6,264 2,553 1,173 7,937 47,291 4,099 2,440 2,843 2, 339 1,249 34,321 584, 458 23, 452 8,564 10, 388 14, 423 7, 524 6, 534 7,280 506, 293 285, 254 3,644 23, 765 7, 737 8, 400 14, 388 7,416 2,796 217, 108 82, 556 7,721 4,735 17, 678 2,700 1,240 48,482 221,854 6,782 1, 014 15, 438 3, 636 2,977 4,161 4, 403 183, 443 191, 289 54, 482 16, 708 31, 102 21,019 7,141 60,8371 385 81 119 50 135 1, 051 93 102 114 127 110 505 10, 170 251 149 144 293 193 209 193 8,738 6, 756 189 276 226 150 269 97 84 5,465 1,906 134 79 171 133 124 1, 265 6,185 123 107 161 152 113 171 206 5,1521143 2,094 144 251 145 219146 275147 200 148 130!l49 178150 841 151 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-60 Table 3. — Personnel, attendance, and current expenditure data GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Current expendi¬ tures for: 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 City Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nebraska . 4 31 134 457 8,372 8, 135 14, 470 135, 488 Broken Bow _ 7 23 460 416 779 180 8, 059 Holdredge _ 3 11 24 421 411 792 178 8, 154 1 28 315 316 601 178 5, 426 Seward . 2 1 8 15 287 283 527 176 8,227 Sidney . _ . . 1 3 11 31 * 449 *449 764 180 7, 982 West Point . . 2 5 13 160 194 318 179 6, 550 Other cities _ 1 21 92 323 6, 280 6. 066 10, 689 91, 090 Nevada . . 3 26 39 757 758 1, 337 30, 974 Elko (County High 2 12 10 177 212 326 181 13,764 School Dist.) Ely: Elementary Dis- 3 17 302 294 531 177 7,834 trict). High-School Dis¬ 1 11 12 278 252 480 181 9,376 trict). New Hampshire 4 13 44 636 697 1, 228 12, 098 Littleton _ 3 7 19 290 318 544 177 7,020 Milford . _ 1 6 25 346 379 684 175 5, 078 New Jersey 11 67 345 1, 376 22, 488 21, 633 37, 983 407, 861 Belmar _ _ 1 1 1 24 *281 * 281 483 180 2, 446 Cape May _ 3 10 16 313 305 488 181 7,990 Hillsdale . 1 2 17 319 274 487 182 2,085 New Milford . . 2 7 22 458 419 741 180 2, 308 Wanaque _ 1 3 15 261 222 419 182 2, 303 Other cities _ 9 60 322 1,282 20, 856 20, 132 35, 365 390, 729 New Mexico 2 22 122 340 7,253 7, 025 11, 245 115, 792 Deming _ 3 17 48 1,104 1, 102 1, 579 180 13, 991 Hot Springs _ 2 9 33 740 706 1,014 180 10, 580 Lordsburg _ 2 6 31 519 628 845 180 10. 440 Socorro _ _ 2 10 27 534 461 813 180 9, 646 Other cities _ 2 13 80 201 4, 356 4, 228 6,994 71, 135 New York.. _ 35 126 937 2, 822 47, 179 44, 338 79, 100 718, 145 Albion . . 1 10 42 649 612 1,078 177 12, 622 Fort Plain _ 1 9 23 344 312 587 182 3, 263 Goshen _ 1 18 32 596 504 928 180 11,630 Homer _ 2 6 46 744 642 1,191 190 9, 495 Palmyra _ _ 2 10 44 665 494 1,044 180 4, 521 Saugerties . 1 1 14 28 482 430 798 179 11, 894 Suflern.. . 1 •2 26 49 940 853 1,573 177 29, 168 Other cities _ _ 33 116 844 2,558 42, 759 40, 491 71, 901 635, 552 North Carolina... 3 50 134 728 13, 764 13, 490 24, 191 136, 782 Marion _ 7 10 69 » 1, 348 » 1,349 2, 460 180 9.600 North Wilkesboro.... 1 6 30 601 554 1, 003 180 8,685 Southern Pines _ 2 33 545 484 862 180 9, 764 Wadesboro . . 3 7 47 914 917 1,641 180 8, 598 Other cities 3 37 111 549 10, 356 10, 186 18, 225 100, 135 North Da hot* 2 14 42 831 825 1, 453 8,157 Grafton _ 1 8 22 467 442 798 180 5, 358 Wahpeton . 1 6 20 364 383 655 180 2,799 See footnotes at end of Group V of this table. STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 for public -schoofsy stems/ by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Curbint eipbndituris fOB— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only Salaries and wages Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance Total < (in thou¬ sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 1* 13 14 15 16 17 18 11 12, 027 95, 075 1, 418. 706 6,799 122, 693 1, 655, 300 244, 637 82, 245 2, 098 152 84, 136 1,723 250 86, 109 6,941 5, 550 118 153 9, 057 88, 560 1, 166 8, 512 107, 295 14, 010 7,938 141 154 4, 008 75,844 340 5,733 85, 925 11, 129 2,180 108 155 4, 575 3, 500 47, 096 4,532 59. 703 6, 422 1,571 85 156 5, 690 12. 818 89, 396 15, 191 123, 095 19, 224 7,004 159 157 6, 499 52, 157 900 5,600 65, 156 10, 347 2,194 88 158 1,762 59, 193 981, 517 2,670 82, 875 1, 128, 017 176, 564 55, 808 1,399 159 11,600 210, 489 23, 472 245, 561 56, 297 13,805 382 160 8,000 64, 117 6,709 78, 826 23, 569 5, 559 127 161 65, 330 6, 388 71, 718 10, 380 5. 133 99 162 3,600 81,042 10, 375 95, 017 22,348 3, 113 166 163 11,500 144, 961 12, 359 168, 820 21, 371 3, 881 239 164 4, 300 66, 911 5, 509 76, 720 10, 799 2, 267 116 165 7,200 78, 050 6,850 92, 100 10, 572 1,614 123 166 43, 700 283, 206 5, 024, 903 100,643 444, 262 5, 896, 714 908, 332 531,764 9, 856 167 3,300 6, 150 64,913 2,000 2. 825 78, 188 11,816 13,403 154 168 15,794 74, 458 1,455 2, 074 93, 781 16, 658 6, 197 126 169 5, 100 67, 002 1,104 3,796 77,002 12, 503 3, 526 141 170 7,000 83, 384 2,537 5.549 98, 470 18, 673 4,730 164 171 3,700 40, 583 8,662 62, 945 10, 052 3,640 122 172 36,700 250, 162 4, 694, 563 93, 547 421, 356 5, 496, 328 838, 630 500, 268 9, 149 173 9, 800 86, 128 1, 605, 629 16,522 50, 051 1, 768, 130 168, 887 58, 824 2,365 174 15,444 236,664 4,299 5, 906 262,313 28, 716 7,700 352 175 9,000 133, 951 1, 550 6, 767 151, 268 14, 418 1,874 186 176 8,650 124,690 4,701 138, 041 10, 665 7, 182 177 177 9, 300 128, 645 628 7, 766 146, 339 11,941 588 182 178 9,800 43, 734 981, 679 10, 045 24,911 1, 070, 169 103, 147 41, 480 1, 468 179 164,606 595, 124 11, 486, 753 258, 981 964, 477 13, 469, 941 2,069, 584 1,230, 177 20,854 180 4, 450 145, 290 1,365 8, 686 159, 791 23, 849 14. 897 235 181 5,300 84, 436 1,070 5,412 96, 218 15,509 10, 565 148 182 5, 675 142, 230 4, 667 15, 616 168, 188 33, 891 14, 865 277 183 10,650 139, 810 1, 664 12, 513 164, 637 20,514 19, 947 263 184 7, 890 135, 067 2, 587 5, 748 151, 292 23, 806 34, 798 251 ; 185 4,500 4, 500 128, 462 11,881 149, 343 21,656 9, 219 219 186 7,000 (!) 279, 470 8,633 30,640 325, 743 52, 057 42, 545 548 187 153, 106 556, 659 10,431, 988 238,995 873, 981 12, 254, 729 1, 878, 302 1,083,341 18, 913 i 188 7,181 190,846 2,202, 159 4,709 74, 074 2, 478,969 168, 732 103, 547 3, 232 189 25,668 196, 141 9,069 230, 878 15, 838 5,642 276 190 4, 746 92. 218 1,820 98, 784 6, 703 4, 061 136 191 8, 607 94,444 1, 911 104, 962 10, 486 2, 377 155 192 11, 748 141,916 215 6, 965 160, 844 18, 273 21,072 214 193 7,181 140,077 1, 677, 440 4,494 64,309 1,883, 501 117, 432 70, 395 2,451 194 3,000 155, 460 13,851 172, 311 33.292 13, 607 235195 3,000 81, 481 6,654 91, 135 17, 635 8, 378 128 196 73. 979 7. 197 81. 176 15, 557 5,229 107197 School plant 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 194 8-5 ( Table 3 . — Personnel , attendance , and current exp GROUP V. PERSONNEL AND ATTENDANCE IN FULL-TIME DAT SCH City Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff i (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ohio . 8 78 611 1,602 32, 182 31, 311 57, 991 Bay Village _ _ 2 3 7 27 508 435 873 Cadiz _ 1 10 25 427 428 726 Glouster . . . 5 18 329 319 605 2 13 16 399 352 690 Rittman _ 2 6 25 420 494 843 Se bring _ _ 1 6 27 466 504 865 1 15 29 682 688 1,288 Other cities _ 6 68 549 1,435 28, 951 28, 091 52, 101 Oklahoma _ _ 4 106 248 881 17, 792 17, 052 29, 959 Drumright . - 1 3 6 36 686 681 1,137 Mangum _ 4 5 33 525 514 794 3 6 25 502 494 835 Pawnee _ _ 1 2 9 24 498 443 827 Other cities . 2 94 222 763 15, 581 14, 920 26, 366 Oregon . . 6 65 289 752 14, 234 13, 822 24, 487 Ashland _ 6 19 45 941 943 1,576 Coquille . . . 15 28 563 592 923 Dallas . . . 3 15 39 741 671 1,150 Lebanon . 1 3 17 47 932 940 1,565 Ontario _ 4 16 47 939 905 1,667 Silverton _ 3 11 31 539 530 909 Other cities . . 5 46 196 515 9,579 9, 241 16, 697 Pennsylvania . 22 144 1, 210 2, 887 52, 280 51, 821 96, 604 Aspinwall _ 1 7 29 398 416 756 Birdsboro _ 1 8 18 269 265 504 Lemoyne... . 1 1 13 21 456 415 806 Norwood _ 1 1 15 159 136 276 Patton _ _ 1 7 22 380 337 674 Swarthmore _ 2 14 29 436 439 796 To wan da . 1 1 10 25 531 509 810 Other cities . 20 136 1,150 2, 728 49,651 49, 304 91, 982 Rhode Island Past. Grp.enwinh 1 8 25 456 391 752 South Carolina _ 50 179 1,009 17, 891 18, 526 31, 138 Bamberg _ 4 3 48 809 735 1,333 Batesburg-Leesville 3 11 43 723 724 1,238 (P. O. Batesburg). Clover... _ 1 8 31 663 645 1,093 Mullins _ 2 13 47 949 986 1,704 North Augusta _ 1 2 33 583 607 1,027 Woodruff. _ 4 7 48 910 863 1,526 Other cities _ 35 135 759 13, 254 13, 966 23, 217 South Dakota _ 7 81 168 2,927 3, 065 5, 398 Canton _ 12 15 281 283 519 Pierre. . _ 13 35 494 526 976 Sisset.on 1 11 17 353 366 655 Vermillion _ _ 4 12 21 347 390 700 Other cities _ 2 33 80 1,452 1,500 2, 548 Tennessee .. _ 1 12 29 239 4,457 4, 417 7,955 Clinton . . 1 3 20 361 396 678 McMinnville _ 1 4 23 606 568 1,040 Sparta .. _ 1 1 23 424 408 671 Sweetwater _ 1 24 378 375 682 Tullahoma _ 2 8 46 884 892 1, 544 Other cities . 1 6 ,1 13 103 1,804 1, 778 3, 340 footnotes at end of Group V of this table. STATISTICS OF CITT SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures FOR— Continued ne day schools, only School plant Total* (in thou¬ sands) Clerks Other * Total Operation Mainte¬ nance 14 15 16 17 18 19 43,689 408, 807 6, 624, 916 1, 170, 932 535, 428 10,233 198 6, 217 9, 010 157, 591 33, 760 8, 170 261 199 4, 367 85,733 12, 910 6,036 114 200 4,415 56, 754 8,203 3, 181 84 201 832 1,745 77,643 11, 457 10,633 111 202 1,700 1,327 95, 425 17,588 3,479 131 203 5, 451 85, 623 25, 939 6,544 129 204 7, 481 132, 912 26, 384 4,944 236 205 34,940 375, 011 5, 933,235 1, 034, 691 492, 441 9, 167 206 1,500 109, 271 3,535, 405 313,820 207, 234 4, 727 207 4, 783 131, 156 20, 141 15, 928 190 208 1,500 9, 999 126, 017 8, 476 8, 579 159 209 4, 660 95, 319 7, 244 380 133 210 6, 993 98,391 6, 472 4, 163 128 211 82, 836 3, 084, 522 271, 487 178, 184 4,117 212 42,344 247, 731 4, 164, 765 645,982 296, 414 6,240 213 5,057 16, 984 10, 266 6, 190 233, 732 122, 821 198, 191 47, 131 26, 952 11, 985 7, 200 357 195 214 215 1, 080 19,688 266 216 1,429 9, 477 229, 761 26, 831 13, 745 323 217 17,303 258, 476 32,835 7,885 345 218 7, 494 151, 061 11,246 10, 389 194 219 34,778 180,017 2, 970, 723 508, 251 218, 258 4,560 220 184, 640 1, 160, 777 12, 879, 599 1, 751, 205 875, 503 17, 914 221 2,000 13,492 121, 492 19, 747 4,000 162 222 7, 212 66, 691 13, 521 3,782 96 223 2,349 8,018 119, 659 18, 183 2,979 155 224 1,000 3, 693 17, 299 44, 761 91, 679 189,342 4, 756 3,067 2,381 123 107 225 226 8,393 13,423 30,054 9, 729 266 227 1, 895 4,432 128, 532 14, 315 19, 232 174 228 169,003 1,093,208 12,117,443 1, 647, 562 833,400 16,831 229 230 231 2,274 5,381 105,071 16,858 5,900 145 1,450 74,631 2, 504, 752 186, 586 134, 140 3, 520 232 1,508 88, 514 4, 590 1,264 119 233 850 724 116, 107 8,964 8,862 211 234 1,215 77, 425 7, 109 2, 561 121 235 7,254 133, 248 8, 692 6, 567 181 236 2,002 75,240 4,291 12,013 98 237 2,564 130,377 5,889 3, 355 168 238 600 59,364 1, 883,841 147,051 99, 518 2,622 239 3, 210 71,484 761, 134 133, 708 34,730 1, 058 240 6,550 77, 043 13, 701 6,097 108 241 13,809 145, 558 34, 446 9, 155 205 242 120 8, 505 80, 910 13, 192 1,023 103 243 6,985 111,030 7,580 1,300 137 j 244 3,090 35,635 346, 593 64, 789 17, 155 505 | 245 2,319 25,738 657, 270 66, 368 17,255 831 246 1,937 53, 611 6,119 689 87 247 300 2,000 72, 605 9,000 1,000 87,248 1, 170 2, 100 51,092 4, 778 1,202 63 249 2,242 45, 805 4, 659 1, 676 56 250 4,793 151, 667 14, 115 2,331 187 251 849 12,666 282,490 27,607 10,357 8511252 Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Principals 11 12 15, 775 292, 677 12, 760 2,944 6,800 7, 225 4,000 3,580 15, 775 255,368 19, 483 354, 625 3,110 10, 568 12, 700 10,800 4, 700 6, 300 11, 673 314, 257 33,448 316, 748 18, 449 12,800 7, 238 14, 154 14, 000 9,405 26,210 247, 940 84,221 584,246 4,000 3,950 4,625 3, 950 4, 125 3, 300 13, 132 4,350 1, 975 75, 246 549, 814 Teachers 5, 863, 968 129,604 78, 422 52,339 68,266 85, 173 76, 172 121, 851 5, 252, 141 3,050, 526 112, 695 101, 818 79,859 80, 398 2, 675, 756 3, 524, 494 193, 242 112, 555 178, 121 197, 463 227, 173 134, 162 2, 481, 778 10,865, 715 102,000 55, 529 100, 717 35, 943 71,080 154,394 115, 880 10, 230, 172 2,550 3,800 148,580 14, 136 10,013 3, 145 4,762 3, 210 9,415 103, 899 24, 382 2,550 13,050 7,667 35.728 2,466 2, 305 3,303 3,563 7,206 16,885 93, 616 2, 280, 091 72, 870 104, 520 73, 065 121, 232 70, 028 118, 398 1,719, 978 662, 058 70, 493 131, 749 68, 620 90, 995 300, 201 590, 935 49, 208 68,000 44,519 40,000 139,668 249,540 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Personnel , attendance , and current expenditure data GROUP V.— CITIES OF 2,500 City Personnel and attendance in full-time day schools Super¬ visors (posi¬ tions) Prin¬ cipals (posi¬ tions) Instructional staff 1 * * 4 (positions) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Length of school year (days taught) Adminis¬ tration (general control) Men Women Boys Girls i 5 6 7 8 9 10 1,097 3,884 67, 241 64, 580 112, 272 1,381,640 10 47 826 819 1, 217 176 15, 142 9 29 525 471 909 175 8, 271 11 46 730 725 1,299 177 12, 330 9 34 582 498 864 175 11, 867 1,058 3, 728 64, 578 62,067 107,983 1, 334, 030 18 68 1, 073 1, 123 2,017 14, 757 5 23 343 338 644 173 4, 538 6 22 305 339 584 175 3, 761 7 23 425 446 789 176 6, 458 18 104 1,984 1,787 3,274 26. 318 28 530 486 909 180 3,351 1 31 605 505 929 180 12,900 17 45 849 796 1,436 180 10,067 391 922 20, 406 18,904 32. 959 301, 597 27 70 1,517 1, 444 2, 469 174 27, 189 17 37 777 736 1, 299 172 13, 870 13 24 471 390 774 172 9,697 9 19 424 377 693 179 8. 903 19 68 1,444 1, 272 2, 244 171 24, 703 29 42 1,070 874 1,627 174 16, 045 15 32 700 691 1,126 174 9,916 262 630 14, 003 13, 120 22, 727 191, 274 397 971 16, 531 16, 438 30, 074 255, 904 9 12 233 241 456 181 4,607 10 25 *386 *386 656 180 11, 199 43 468 , 435 826 186 9, 020 8 38 576 553 1,033 174 5, 318 14 25 505 494 908 176 10, 736 14 25 475 507 900 175 7, 440 12 29 506 496 933 175 13, 869 330 774 13,382 13,326 24,362 193, 715 57 184 3, 472 3, 341 5, 890 67, 745 12 41 706 619 1,127 176 13, 551 5 30 459 472 817 176 7, 818 8 21 400 433 720 174 9, 027 2 19 371 303 564 175 6,339 6 5 147 149 289 172 8, 987 13 32 584 616 1,089 180 8,665 3 30 663 583 998 174 6, 321 8 6 142 166 286 174 7, 037 Current expendi¬ tures for: Texas.... Ballinger _ Comanche. .. Stephenville. Taft . Other cities.. 26 253 1 1 2 3 Vermont. Newport.... Water bury.., Windsor _ Virginia . Buena Vista — Falls Church mentary). Williamsburg... (Ele- Washington. Auburn . . Chehalis . Colfax . . Dayton . Kent . Mount Vernon.. Omah . Other cities . Wisconsin.. Algoma . Burlington... Greenaale _ Hurley . Lake Geneva. Spooner . Tomah . Other cities — 10 40 Wyoming . Cody . Evanston . Green River . Lander: Elementary District High School District- River ton . — Worland: Elementary District High School District i Includes persons rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction In libraries, study halls, guidance, health, psychological work, etc., provided half or more than half of their employment time is given to such instructional work. * The actual number of days in the school year that children were taught. * Includes instructional supplies; textbooks free to all pupils; school library books, and other expense, including salaries of full-time librarians. The expenditure for textbooks furnished gratis to indigent pupils, only, is classified as an Auxiliary Services item, and reported accordingly. 4 Includes amounts shown in columns 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, plus amounts not shown but reported by city school systems as expenditures for the following current accounts: Auxiliary school services; fixed STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 for public-school systems , by State and by city: 1949-50 — Continued TO 4,999 POPULATION— Continued Current expenditures fob— Continued Instruction in full-time day schools, only School plant Salaries and wages Total * (in thou¬ Other 1 Total Operation Mainte- nance sands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 155, 462 1, 159, 123 14, 587, 918 116, 490 594, 300 16, 613, 293 1, 314, 458 637, 860 22, 241 253 4, 980 126, 150 4. 569 135, 699 11,903 2,895 176 254 3i 890 112, 213 2,264 118, 367 5,946 1,896 178 255 4,660 13; 557 175, 988 1, 505 3, 147 198, 857 9,988 2, 554 247 256 11, 770 121, 849 8, 748 142, 367 10, 463 7, 203 195 257 150,802 1, 124, 926 14, 051, 718 114, 985 575, 572 16, 018, 003 1, 276, 158 623, 312 21,445 258 18, 115 22,248 189, 941 1, 300 13,204 244, 808 67, 586 23, 618 358 259 2, 961 11, 348 62, 397 8, 067 84, 773 16, 430 11, 712 119 260 5,600 3,900 66, 284 2, 530 68,314 15, 654 1,583 98 261 9,554 7,000 71, 260 1,300 2,607 91, 721 25, 502 10, 323 141 262 2,700 15, 302 281, 141 6,638 20, 463 326,244 40,340 32, 854 446 263 2,610 69, 423 4, 501 66, 534 7, 722 7,744 86 264 4,710 69, 634 2,396 2,271 79, 011 11, 989 8,751 121 265 2,700 7,982 152,084 4,242 13, 691 180, 699 20, 629 16,359 239 266 78, 484 345, 574 4,331,825 75, 222 392,318 5, 223, 423 792, 257 484,332 7,988 267 6, 193 26, 003 330, 698 6,893 29, 767 399, 554 43, 940 42, 554 618 268 3, 660 16, 308 177, 807 1, 247 15, 616 214, 638 38. 210 66, 641 386 269 12, 860 122, 942 60 10. 000 145, 862 17, 942 3, 192 216 270 8, 100 91,211 13, 027 112, 338 16, 549 12, 036 178 271 12, 317 19, 400 304,061 4,616 21,321 361, 109 52, 293 41, 696 579 272 3,300 19, 960 237, 467 6,262 29, 144 296, 133 49, 352 17, 278 403 273 16, 550 153, 044 12, 594 182, 188 25, 680 11, 509 261 274 53,014 226,393 2, 914, 595 56, 750 260, 849 3, 511, 601 548, 291 289, 426 5,347 275 49, 580 186, 005 3, 771, 208 42, 934 377, 167 4,426, 894 737, 742 361, 000 6, 724 276 2,303 67, 484 995 5, 477 66. 259 10. 542 5, 342 97 277 4.000 98. 327 9, 012 111,339 18, 572 25, 015 180 278 5,700 128, 698 3, 058 16, 312 153, 768 27, 750 985 212 279 15, 593 24. 407 114, 552 3, 563 17, 857 175, 972 41, 298 17, 000 286 280 4,737 117, 723 1, 400 10, 216 134, 076 20. 795 11, 778 201 281 4, 836 106, 591 1, 418 13, 154 125, 999 17, 120 16, 298 217 282 4, 470 111,651 9, 330 125, 451 24,833 6, 569 205 283 31,684 137, 855 3, 036, 182 32, 500 295, 809 3, 534, 030 576, 832 278, 013 5, 326: 284 46,100 672, 632 4,517 65,062 788,311 124, 397 24,076 1, 176 285 7,644 169, 032 15, 019 191, 695 25, 427 4,962 289 286 15,803 83, 560 6,669 106, 032 16, 413 3,983 153 287 11,000 83, 104 9,476 103, 580' 21, 354 3, 524 144 288 46, 849 5,725 52, 574 6, 087 2,335 75 1 289 3, 987 36, 037 7, 390 47, 414 7,206 2, 862 99 290 7,666 124, 759 4,617 11, 270 148, 212 13, 059 1,155 188, 291 87, 916 5, 530 93. 446 16, 919 2, 978 145 292 41,375 3, 983 45, 358 17, 932 2,277 83|293 charges; community services to public and nonpublic schools paid from school district funds; and adult and summer schools. This total figure covers all school current expenditures whether or not same are directly allocable as a charge against per pupil in average daily attendance cost for the public-school system reporting. * D istribution by sex not reported. Total for 1949-50 has been divided on basis of previous biennial reports to this office. • Supervisory and high-school principals. Both serve also as administrators. 7 Expenditure for these salaries classified as Administration. O Biennial Survey of Education d \n the United States — 1948-50 4 SECTION I Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees im-50 FEDEKAL SECURITY AGENCY Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 The following chapters will be included in the Biennial Survey for 1948-50: Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1949-50. Chapter 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1949-50. Chapter 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1949-50. Chapter 4. Statistics of Higher Education: Section I. Faculty, Students, and Degrees, 1949-50. Section II. Receipts, Expenditures, and Property, 1949-50. Chapter 5. Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects, 1948-49. 30 cents. Each part of the Biennial Survey is printed separately as soon as completed. B ennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 J/- Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students and Degrees Henry G. Badger, Specialist in Educational Statistics , prepared the text, under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Head, Reports and Analysis Unit. Margaret J. S. Carr, Survey Statistician, was responsible for editing the original data and for preparing the basic State tables , under the general direction of Robert C. Story, Head, Technical Services Unit. FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1952 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents FOREWORD T^HE COMPLEXITIES of modern life and the accumulation of useful organized knowledge have made higher education increasingly essential. Fortunately, the variety and quality of training now offered at the colleges and universities of the Nation far exceed what was available only 50 years ago. Given the necessary financial support, there is no doubt that higher education will continue to expand both in scope and in value. This chapter brings down to the middle of the century the series of statistical and analytical reports on higher education begun in 1870, carried on annually to 1916, and continued on a biennial basis from 1918 to the present. For the first time, the report on statistics of higher education is being issued in two sections: Section I, on faculty, students, and degrees; and Section II, on receipts, expenditures, and property. The pur¬ pose of the di\ision is to permit publication of each section as soon as it is ready. The chapter is based on reports from the higher educational institutions in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying parts of the United States. To the recorders, regis¬ trars, business officers, and comptrollers who supplied the data on which the chapter is based, the Office of Education wishes to express its deep appreciation. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Standards Section. Buell G. Gallagher, Assistant Commissioner for Program Development and Coordination. m CONTENTS Text Page FOREWORD . hi NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INSTITUTIONS . 2 GENERAL TRENDS . 2 Population and student enrollment . 6 The changing pattern of higher educational organization . 7 Growth of large institutions . 8 Institutions for the higher education of Negroes . 9 FACULTY . 9 STUDENTS . 13 Enrollment, by sex . 14 Enrollment, by control and level of institutions . 14 Regional distribution of enrollments . 18 Enrollment at third week of fall term . 22 High-school graduates going on to college . 22 First -time students . 24 Special students . 25 Veterans of World War II . 26 Other types of students . 29 DEGREES . 32 Historical trends . 32 The 1949-50 status . 33 Analysis by major field of study . 36 Population and college graduation . 38 Text Tables I. Number of institutions of higher education, by control, type, region, and State: 1949-50 . 3 II. Population and student enrollment in higher education: 1900 to 1950 . 6 III. Junior colleges and their enrollment: 1917-18 to 1949-50. . 7 IV. County normal schools, distribution and enrollment: 1909- 10 to 1949-50 . 8 V. Faculty, students, and degrees conferred in institutions for the higher education of Negroes: 1949-50 . 10 VI. Number of men and women on faculty, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution: 1949-50. . 11 VII. Resident instructional staff, institutions of higher education: 1929-30 to 1949-50 . 12 VIII. Resident instructional staff in noncollegiate work, excluding critic teachers, institutions of higher education: 1939-40 and 1945-46 to 1949-50 . 12 IX. Resident college enrollment: 1929-30 to 1949-50 . 13 V VI CONTENTS Page X. Resident college enrollment, by control and type of insti¬ tution, and by sex of student: 1949-50 . 15 XI. Resident college enrollment, by control of institution, sex of students, and level of work for which enrolled: 1929-30 and 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 16 XII. Resident college enrollment, by region and State: 1929-30 and 1939-40 to 1949-50 . 19 XIII. Resident college enrollment, regular session, and enrollment in third week of fall term: 1931-32 to 1949-50 . 22 XIV. Graduates of high schools and first-time college students: 1931 to 1949 . 23 XV. Resident college enrollment, undergraduate enrollment, and first -time students: 1931-32 to 1949-50 . 24 XVI. Special students in arts and sciences and certain professional schools: 1949-50 . 26 XVII. Resident college enrollment in non -Federal institutions of higher education, by veteran status and by location of institution, in relation to total population: 1949 . 27 XVIII. Student enrollment, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, and by type of registra¬ tion: 1949-50 . 30 XIX. Historical summary of earned degrees conferred, by level of degree: 1899-1900 to 1949-50 . 33 XX. Earned degrees conferred, by sex of recipient, level of degree, and region: 1939-40, 1945-46, and 1947-48 to 1949-50. . 34 XXI. Earned degrees conferred, by major field of study: 1949-50. . 37 Basic National Tables 1. Historical summary of higher education: 1889-90 to 1949-50. . . 40 2. Faculty, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education: 1949-50 and 1947-48 . 41 Basic State Tables 3. Faculty, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, by State: 1949-50 . 44 A. All institutions . 44 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 46 C. Privately controlled institutions . 48 4. Faculty, by type of position, by sex, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, and by State: 1949-50 . 50 A. All institutions . 50 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 52 C. Privately controlled institutions . 54 5. Students, by classification and sex, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by State: 1949-50 . 56 A. All institutions . 56 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 58 C. Privately controlled institutions . 60 6. Students in arts and sciences and in professional schools, by level of training, sex, and State: 1949-50 . 62 Statistics of Higher Education: Faculty, Students, and Degrees rpHE ACADEMIC YEAR 1949-50 marked the close of a half century of profound social, political, economic, and military changes which could not but influence higher education. Not only did the United States double in population during the period, but a Nation 60 percent rural in 1900 became a Nation 60 percent urban in 1950. Wars and social and economic disturbances of various sorts likewise had their effect on the number and personal characteristics of teachers and students, the curriculum, the financial structure, even the location of institutions and their relation to their individual communities and the Nation. The present report constitutes a statistical record of higher education for 1949-50; it also provides some suggestion and material for appraisal of that record in terms of some of the long-term changes in the Nation. Statistical reports for 1949-50 were prepared by 1,851 1 institutions of higher education located in continental United States and 5 institutions located in its outlying parts. Except where otherwise specified, this report deals only with the institutions in continental United States. It should be emphasized that the summarizations are quantitative: No ap¬ praisal of quality is implied beyond the criterion of recognition of every institution either by an accrediting association or by its sister institutions through the acceptance of its credits at full value. These criteria em¬ ployed for the inclusion of the institutions in the listings in the 1949-50 Education Directory are as follows: 1. Institutions accredited or approved by a Nation-wide, State, regional, or professional agency, or operating under State control are eligible for inclusion. 2. Other institutions are eligible for inclusion if their credits are accepted unconditionally (at full value) by not fewer than three fully ac¬ credited institutions. To be fisted, a nonaccredited degree-grant- 1 The difference between this number and the 1,868 reported in the Statistical Summaries (Circular 326 and Circular 332) is due to the exclusion of 18 one-year normal schools in Michigan and the inclusion of an addi¬ tional institution in the count for California in the present publication. Because of (1) the variation in the method of reporting branches and (2) changes in the classification of institutions, the total number of insti¬ tutions, and the number of any one type are flexible figures. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 ing institution which includes liberal arts or teacher education in its offerings should enroll at least 100 resident students of college grade in its regular session and should graduate at least 10 students a year. For an independent professional or technological school, the corresponding requirements are 25 resident college students and 5 graduates annually. A nonaccredited junior college should re¬ quire highschool graduation for entrance, offer 2 years of college work, and enroll at least 50 resident students a year. Branch institutions are not counted or reported separately but are reported under their parent institutions. Number and Distribution of Institutions Applying the above-mentioned limitations to the present inquiry yields a continental United States total of 1,851 institutions as of the school year 1949-50. Of this group 1,109, or 59.9 percent, were of the univer¬ sity, college, and professional school type; 218, or 11.8 percent, were teachers colleges; and 524, or 28.3 percent, were 2 -year institutions, junior colleges, or normal schools. For the purposes of this chapter the term "junior colleges” includes technical institutes as well as junior colleges of an academic type. General Trends The expansion of American higher education, which has been persistent and virtually uninterrupted for at least 50 or 60 years, continued into 1949-50. The number of institutions rose to 1,851 during 1949-50, marking an increase of 3.5 percent over the 1947-48 total of 1,788, and a gain of 89.5 percent, or 874 institutions, over the 977 reported in 1900. The number of staff members also rose sharply. Whereas in 1900 only 1 person in every 3,184 of the total population of the United States was a full-time or part-time member of a college or university faculty, in 1950, 1 in every 613 was so employed. The increase in employment of women as college teachers * 2 was more striking than that of men. During the 50-year period, the total number of different men on college faculties was multiplied by 9.7, but that of women was multiplied by 12.8 (tables 1 and 2). 3 * Throughout this chapter the term "college” is used to include not only 4-year colleges proper, but also j unior colleges, technical or professional institutions offering work of college grade, universities, and institu¬ tions for the education of teachers. The terms "institutions” and "colleges” are synonymous, unless other¬ wise specified. 3 Throughout this chapter, tables with Roman numerals are derivative tables and will be found in various places in the textual discussion. Tables with Arabic numerals present National and State summaries and will be found in serial order following the text. Table I. — Number of institutions of higher education , by control , type , region , ami State: 1949-50 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 3 Privately controlled institutions Junior colleges 1 W N cS co^Ncocio 30 iOOOJ X CO 1-H 05 1-1 ^ 1 X 7 5 7 41 8 16 184 0X0 X i-H X 206 iflNXN^ lO CO o OMcOOh^ CO 11 6 14 Tf< CM CO 0* to t}< o 28 lO r-i t> to ^ ^ M Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and professional schools r- o mhhiQhh o »-i ! O CO CS CM 1 Total o 00 CO CO CO 00 03 to 66 30 11 15 87 C5 O 05 X o i-l f-H CO 104 All institutions Junior colleges 1 1 30 cchNon; c 48 822 o CCNhhN CM r-H CM 90 Teachers colleges 218 32 iQ CS X *0 40 CCOO^ 34 lO CO 05 ^ X X I-HNiO^iON Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and professional schools X 1,109 05 x co oo co 05 r- ii 05 o o o XHX M CM — < 3> 1-H o CCONWW 127 ICIOX^X^X (M CM CM i-l CM Total N 1,851 156 COOCONCOX y-i hIshW 279 NNO co co »-< 321 05 o o o o co os 33 lOiOHOlO Total 287 5 34 44 22 54 32 54 18 24 147 | Q CO CO lO ^ Tt* CM CO 1 CO oo to CM 1-H CO 05 CO 11 9 2 20 9 States, by region - South Atlantic _ _ _ Delaware _ _ . Maryland _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ Virginia _ _ _ _ _ West Virginia _ .... ..... North Carolina _ _ _ South Carolina... . _ Georgia _ .. . . . ... Florida _ _ District of Columbia. _ . East South Central _ _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ Tennessee _ Alabama _ _ Mississippi _ . _ _ West South Central _ _ Arkansas _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ ... Oklahoma... ... _ _ Texas _ .. ... _ . ... Mountain _ Montana _ _ Idaho _ Wyoming _ _ Colorado _ New Mexico.. _ _ STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 1 »-h eo 00 11 13 64 rH CO s Tj< o ®- 05 CM »0 Tt< i-H GO GO 00 CO 05 GO *0 00 05 CO CM GO of oo co oo" co" u-" 05 i-i cm 535, 551 335, 509 47, 531 152, 511 562, 050 151, 137 70, 537 176, 086 110, 827 53, 463 CO § lO CM 57, 847 48, 030 67, 409 9, 783 9, 431 24, 239 40, 264 CO s CO 1,676, 851 97, 539 ON^-^i0 05 00 CM O O5iH00iOiO^ ecT co* cxT ccf 340, 248 226, 649 23, 800 89, 799 377, 374 105, 205 43, 009 116, 433 78, 485 34, 242 168,913 41,394 31,348 41, 476 5, 655 5, 829 18, 496 24, 715 T CO s OD 53, 667 3,020 2,538 2,478 34, 484 2, 794 8, 353 192,647 130, 949 12, 424 49, 274 187,963 49, 779 20, 330 66, 347 34, 974 16, 533 82,863 lOOClOOOOON Tj'OICCTfiC.H CCO^NCOCOCO oo" lO io" cm" cm" 1-T H r-l CM T-4 1 1941-42 1,403,990 90, 491 5,625 5, 966 3, 898 54, 645 5,818 14, 539 283, 155 183, 166 21, 692 78, 297 304, 462 81, 674 34, 156 97, 861 61, 831 28, 940 146,663 31, 522 27, 489 37, 046 7, 032 6,206 14, 168 23, 200 1939-40 CO 1,494,203 92, 021 (NN»0(NiOO 05 05 t ^ CM CO O00 05N^00 co" »o co t^" *o" cm" *0 T-t 299, 512 195, 596 20, 515 83, 401 322, 602 84, 367 37, 065 107, 074 60, 961 33, 135 163,531 NCOCOCMCOOS^ Th *0 Cl CO GO t ^ Tf CD CO CO lO 1C CM Tt<" CT>" o" 00" CO" CD" CO CM Tfi r-l CM 1929-30 N 1, 100, 737 79, 816 05 CO CM ^ CM CO iOifrt48- O Tcd cd tOTj-HlNCONCCCO C^C^COCO^COCOt-i 1949-50 00 302, 849 (M ^ ^ CO COCO CO O 05 CO N (N CO iO W CO CO lO kO O CO 05 CS CO CO rH WVO t>T CO CO CO CO o 551 12, 730 17, 718 7,263 22, 076 10, 919 15, 536 6, 728 17, 560 45, 083 12, 019 15, 074 11, 669 6, 421 79, 157 6, 460 15, 219 12, 615 45, 863 28, 864 2, 923 2, 596 763 10, 514 1,961 3, 187 6, 448 472 1941-42 164, 072 CO H H lO 05 CO CO Tf i— <'*foocor^05C^ao *-h -H 00 05 O CO CO CO D- r-T 1>T id Cd of cd cd r-T cd HCNHCOHC^H (N 73, 632 19, 561 23, 430 18, 628 12, 013 132, 427 9, 179 23, 467 27, 466 72, 315 52, 060 i-HCDiHCOO50WW C5»OCCOHH^N t-hCOOiO(NCOO© cdidcdcd^id r-T th o T 05 CO 05 eo 165, 328 1,118 18, 557 26, 156 14, 444 32, 118 15,914 23, 229 11, 473 22, 319 81, 673 22,414 25, 253 19, 987 14, 019 144, 384 10, 928 25, 996 32, 908 74, 552 58, 169 iCiO^cOOOJCON COHCl'-iCO'tO ©C0» ^ 53 d d og M bo > © ©.2 P?PhO 21 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 In appraising these data, it should be remembered that higher education is only in part a local enterprise: college students, especially in professional and graduate courses, often cross State or regional lines in pursuit of education. Enrollment at Third Week of Fall Term Of the 2,659,021 resident college enrollments in institutions of higher education in 1949-50, it appears that 2,442,463, or 91.9 percent, were in residence the third week of the fall term (table XIII). This is the highest percentage recorded in the 10 biennial reporting periods for which data on this point have been tabulated. The 1949-50 percentage for men was 92.8, that for women 89.6. These high percentages indicate a high degree of stability among students in higher education. The average for the entire period 1931-50 was 84.1, which was also the average for both 1931-40 and 1941-50. Table XIII. — Resident college enrollment , regular session , and enrollment in third week of fall term: 1931-32 to 1949-50 Year Resident college enrollment (regular session) Year Resident college enrollment (regular session) Total for year Third week of fall term Total for year Third week of fall term Number Percent of total for year Number Percent of total for year 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 1931-32 1, 154, 117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 1, 350, 905 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 ' 1,155,272 839, 741 765, 661 1, 077, 484 1,219, 867 1, 364, 815 1, 180, 365 2 965, 262 72.8 72.5 89.2 90.3 91.3 84.1 83.6 1945-46 1, 676, 851 2, 616, 262 1, 073, 629 2, 339, 292 64.0 89.4 1933-34 . . 1947-48 . . - 1 Ctt/wifi 1949-50 1937-38 2, 659, 021 2, 442, 463 91.9 1 93Q- 40 Men. _ 1941-42 1, 853, 068 805, 953 1, 720, 059 722, 404 92.8 89.6 Women.. _ 1 943-44 1 Includes 277,755 full-time military students. 2 Estimated on the basis of relation of third week of fall term to total for year, civilian only. High-School Graduates Going on to College The question of the number of graduates of secondary schools who immediately go on to some institution of higher education is one on which definite information is lacking. Probably the best approach to the question on a Nation-wide scale is by comparing the number of graduates of high schools and other secondary schools, both publicly and privately controlled, in a given academic year or series of years, with the number of students first time in any college the succeeding academic year or years. Estimated data on these points are fairly reliable from 1931 to 1939; these data, presented in table XIV, indicate that during that period approxi¬ mately three -eighths of the graduates of high schools went on to college. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 23 Data for the years since 1939, also presented, are less reliable. They are subject to the violent distortion incident to World War II. Findings based on them should be taken with this reservation in mind. Table XIV. — Graduates of high schools and first -time college students: 1931 to 1949 School year ending High- school gradu¬ ates 1 (esti¬ mated) First-time college students in ensu¬ ing academic year School year ending High- school gradu¬ ates 1 (esti¬ mated) First-time college students in ensu¬ ing academic year Number Percent of high- school gradu¬ ates Number Percent of high- school gradu¬ ates 1 2 3 4 i 2 3 4 1931 _ 746, 948 870, 922 965, 099 1,067, 712 1, 170, 777 336, 997 307, 690 366, 734 367, 983 417, 539 45.1 35.3 38.0 34.5 35. 7 1943 _ 1, 162, 284 1, 046, 924 1, 189, 000 1, 193, 000 314,311 474, 894 619, 737 620,052 (2) (2) (2) (2) 1933 1945 „ 1935 _ 1937 _ 1947 _ 1949 _ 1939 _ Total, first 5 periods. 1941 _ _ Total, second 5 periods _ _ Total, 1931-49 _ 5, 823, 133 1 2, 408, 064 (2) 4, 821, 458|l, 796, 943 37.3 1, 231, 925 379,070 (2) 10, 644, 591 j 4, 205, 007 (2) 1 Public and private. 2 Because of war conditions and the veterans’ education program, percentages for these years are not com¬ parable with the percentages for the years 1931-39. Information on the number of students enrolled for the first time in any college is valuable for several reasons. First, as an absolute figure, it affords a basis for a rough guess as to the number who will graduate. Over the years, from 35 to 50 percent of the students who enter college at a given date are likely to take their bachelor’s degrees in regular course 4 years later. Since this percentage fluctuates, however, any estimates based on it are tentative. Second, the figure affords a measure of the attracting power of higher education when it is compared with the number of persons graduating from secondary schools. Third, the figure viewed as a percentage serves as a rough measure of the holding power of higher education. The lower the percentage of students who are in college for the first time, the higher the percentage of returning students. In other words, the lower the percentage of students in college the first time, the greater the holding power of the institution. This last measure is of special importance in view of the increase in graduate enrollments already mentioned — implying an increase in the ability of many institutions to hold students beyond the bachelor’s degree. Finally, it should be clearly understood that the term "students en¬ rolled for the first time in any college” does not necessarily include the entire number of first -year students. Many persons come to college for part-time work and require more than 1 year to complete the normal first- year course. Accordingly, a count of freshmen, if it could be made, would 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 probably yield somewhat larger figures than those given here. Further¬ more, this does not include beginning students in those professional schools, entrance to which is restricted to persons who have completed part or all of a liberal arts course. First-Time Students Students enrolled for the first time in any college numbered 594,125 in 1949-50 (table XV). This represents a decrease of 25,107, or 4.1 percent, from the 619,232 reported in 1947-48. The 1949-50 number is 22.3 per¬ cent of the total enrollment and 26.8 percent of the undergraduate enroll¬ ment (excluding special students) for that year, each of these percentages being the lowest reported up to the present. Table XV.— Resident college enrollment , undergraduate enrollment , and first-time students: 1931-32 to 1949-50 Item I. Resident college enrollment: 19:11-32 . . . . [033 34 . . . . 1 935- 36 . . . . 1037 38 . . 1939-40 . . . 1941 42 1043 44 * 1 II. III. . 1946 40 . . . . .. 1047 48 _ 1949-60: Total . Universities, colleges, and professional schools. Teachers colleges. . . . Junior colleges and normal schools _ _ II. Undergraduate enrollment: 1031 32 . . . . . 1933 34. . . 1936- 36 . . . 1937- 38 . . . . 1939- 111 . 1941-42 . 1043-44 _ _ _ _ _ 1045 16 . 1947-48 . . 1949-50: Total _ _ Universities, colleges, and professional schools. Teachers colleges . . . . . Junior colleges and normal schools _ III. Students first time in any college: 1931-32 . . . . . 1933-34 . . 1935-36 . . . . . . 1937-38 . 1939-40. _ _ _ 1941-42 _ _ _ _ _ 1943-44 2 . . All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 2 3 4 1,164,117 1,055,360 1,208, 227 1,350,905 1,494,203 582, 168 529, 931 614, 131 689, 483 796, 531 671,949 525, 429 594, 096 661,422 697, 672 1,403, 990 1, 156, 272 1,676, 851 2, 616, 262 732,111 571,406 833, 803 1,326,147 671,879 583, 866 843,048 1, 290, 116 2, 659, 201 1, 354, 902 1,304,119 2, 021,656 213, 227 244, 138 965, 257 200,611 189, 034 1,236, 399 12, 616 55, 104 1, 027, 545 963, 721 1,128, 924 1 , 270, 474 1,389, 137 530, 622 498, 292 591,181 658, 582 762, 858 496, 923 465, 429 537, 743 611,892 636, 279 1,319,505 1,099, 860 1,411,557 2, 260, 503 699, 988 653, 733 720, 265 1, 173,770 619,617 546, 127 691,292 1,086, 733 2, 218, 256 1, 150, 610 1,067,646 1,792,427 199, 003 226, 826 785, 035 188,412 177, 163 1,007, 392 10, 591 49, 663 336, 997 307, 690 366, 734 367, 983 417,639 188, 658 171,380 2(M, 231 208, 833 235, 005 148, 339 136, 301 162, 603 159, 150 181,544 379, 070 314,311 211, 633 163,353 167, 437 150, 958 i Includes 149,454 public and 128,301 private full-time military students. * Includes 28,115 public and 35,125 private full-time military students. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 25 Table XV. — Resident college enrollment , under graduate enrollment , and first-time students: 1931-32 to 1949-50 — Continued Item All insti¬ tutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 III. Students first time in any college— Continued 194.5-46 .. _ _ _ _ _ 474, 894 619, 232 250, 356 318, 169 224, 538 301, 163 1947-48 _ _ _ _ _ 1949-50: Total . . . . 594, 126 323, 673 270, 453 412, 112 171,874 58,884 92, 915 240. 238 2,562 27, 653 Teachers colleges. . . . 61,446 120, 568 IV. Percentage of first-time students to total enrollment: 1931-32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29.9 32.4 25.9 1933-34 . . . . . . 29.2 32.3 25.9 1935-36 _ _ _ _ _ 30.4 33.3 27.4 1937-38 _ _ _ _ 27.2 30.3 24. 1 1939-40 . . . . . . . . 27.9 29.6 26.0 1941-42 . . . . . 27.0 28.9 24.9 1943-44 _ _ _ _ 27.2 23.9 25.9 194.5-46 28.3 30.0 26.6 1947-48 . . . . . . . 23.7 24.0 23.3 1949-50: Total . 22.3 23.9 20.7 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ 18.7 17.8 19.4 Teachers colleges 28.8 29.4 20.3 Junior colleges and normal schools . 49.4 49.2 50.2 V. Percentage of first-time students to undergraduate enrollment: 1931-32. . . 32.8 36.6 29.9 1933-34 _ _ _ _ 31.9 34.4 29.3 1935-36... . . . . . . . 32.5 34.5 30.2 1937-38 _ _ _ _ _ _ 29.0 31.7 26.0 1939-40 . 30. 1 31.3 28.5 1941-42 . 28.7 30.2 27.0 1943-44 . . . . . . . 28.6 29.5 27.6 1945-46 _ _ _ _ _ _ 33.6 34.8 32.5 1947-48 _ _ _ _ _ 27.4 27.1 27.7 1949-50: Total... 26.8 28.1 25.3 Universities, colleges, and professional schools . 23.0 21.9 23.8 Teachers col leges _ _ _ _ _ 30.9 31.3 24.2 Junior colleges and normal schools _ _ _ 53.2 52.4 55.7 Special Students Special students, that is, students not registered for a degree course, numbered 203,557 in 1949-50. This is an increase of 22,230, or 12.3 per¬ cent, over the total of 181,327 reported in 1947-48. The percentage of increase of men reported in this category was 10.8; that of women was 14.5. The great majority of these special students were in arts and sciences or other schools where their work, although specialized, was for the most part at the undergraduate level (table XVI). A number, however, were in medicine, dentistry, and other professional fields where the work was chiefly of a refresher nature or along a specialized line. The fact that enrollment of special students increased by 12.3 percent, whereas the total enrollment in the Nation increased only 1.6 percent deserves more study and attention than can be given it in this report. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table XVI. — Special students in arts and sciences and certain professional schools: 1949-50 Item Total Men Women < 2 3 4 I. Continental United States: 142, 996 1,400 113 82, 315 1,263 56 60, 681 137 57 14, 742 50 11, 620 37 3,122 13 11,029 7, 893 355 3,241 7,578 37 7,788 315 Home economics. . _ _ _ _ _ 318 Law . _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ . 733 719 54 Medicine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 837 732 105 Nursing . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 770 21 2,749 79 Pharmacy. . . . . . . . . 247 168 Other _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20,411 12, 508 7,903 Total _ _ _ _ _ 203, 616 59 120, 295 29 83,321 30 Less duplicate enrollments _ _ Total, excluding duplicates _ _ _ 203, 657 120, 266 83, 291 II. Outlying parts of the United States: Arts and sciences _ _ _ _ _ 1,169 9 778 391 Commerce . . . . . . . . . 7 2 Education _ 44 19 25 Engineering _ _ _ 2 2 Nursing _ _ _ _ _ 10 10 Other _ _ 84 62 22 Total _ _ _ 1,318 868 450 Less duplicate enrollments _ _ _ 9 7 2 Total, excluding duplicates _ 1,309 861 448 Veterans of World War II Enrollment of veterans of World War II in institutions of higher edu¬ cation came to a total of 853,007 in the fall of 1949 (table 2); these con¬ stituted 34.9 percent of the total enrollment of 2,442,463 at that time. The 1949 enrollment of 853,007 veterans represents a decrease of 166,981 from the 1,019,988 reported in the fall of 1948 and a total decrease of 269,731 from the 1,122,738 reported in the fall of 1947. The proportion of men to women remained fairly constant, men constituting 97.9 percent of the total of veterans enrolled in 1947 and 98.1 percent of the 1949 total. This proportion is not greatly different from that of persons enlisted in the armed forces, with approximately 98 percent men and 2 percent women through most of the World War II period. Comparison of veteran and nonveteran enrollment by States and geo¬ graphic regions of the United States (table XVII) brings out certain facts: Whereas in the fall of 1947 students in the non -Federal institutions of higher education numbered 162.7 for every 10,000 of the total population at that time, the corresponding figure for the fall of 1949 was 164.1. Again, for every 10,000 people in the country on July 1,1947, 84.4 persons without declared veteran status were enrolled in an institution of colle¬ giate or advanced standing that fall; 2 years later, in 1949, nonveterans STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 27 numbered 106.7 for every 10,000 of population. At the same time, the number of veterans in college dropped from 78.3 in 1947 to 57.4 in 1949. Thus in the fall of 1949, for every 10,000 of total population, 57 veterans and 107 nonveterans were enrolled in institutions of higher education. Figures not included here indicate that 10 years earlier, in the fall of 1939, the total enrollment of students at institutions of higher education came to approximately 114 per 10,000 of total population. All these students were of what would now be considered nonveteran status. Thus, it appears that by the fall of 1949 enrollment of non-federally-aided students was very nearly as great in proportion to the population as it was in 1939. Among the States (excluding the District of Columbia), the range in total enrollment in higher education per 10,000 of population was from 330.6 in Utah and 280.5 in Colorado to 95.2 in New Jersey and 94.9 in Mississippi, with Missouri (166.8) and Michigan (161.7) nearest the national average. Table XVII. — Resident college enrollment in non-Federal institutions of higher education, by veteran status and by location of institution, in rela¬ tion to total population: 1949 Resident college enrollment, third week of fall term, 1949 State, by region Popula¬ tion, July 1, 1949, in thousands Number Per 10,000 of total population (000 omitted) All students Veterans Non¬ veterans All stu¬ dents Vet¬ erans Non- vet¬ erans 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States _ 148, 558 i 2, 437, 560 853,007 1,584,553 164.1 57.4 106.7 New England.-. _ _ . . 9, 364 174, 640 66, 770 107, 870 186.5 71.3 115.2 Maine. . . . 904 9, 507 9, 069 3, 158 3,033 2, 354 39, 153 5, 137 13, 935 6, 349 6, 036 5, 413 63, 198 105.2 35.0 70.2 New Hampshire .. 523 173.4 58.0 115.4 Vermont 367 7, 767 102, 351 13, 841 32, 105 211. 6 64. 1 147.5 Massachusetts .. . . __ 4, 772 791 214.5 82. 1 132.4 Rhode Island _ _ 8, 704 175.0 65.0 110.0 Connecticut _ _ _ _ 2, 006 18, 170 160.0 69.4 90.6 Middle Atlantic . 29,944 509, 751 180, 548 329, 203 170.2 60.3 109.9 New York . . . 14, 746 4,788 10, 410 312, 971 105, 802 16, 563 207, 169 28, 999 93, 035 212.2 71.7 140.5 New Jersey _ 45, 562 151, 218 95. 2 34.6 60.6 Pennsylvania _ 58, 183 145.3 55.9 89.4 East North Central . . . 30, 114 510, 796 176, 182 334, 614 169.6 58.5 111.1 Ohio . . . . . . 7,995 3,896 8, 626 6, 270 3, 326 137, 743 70, 363 151, 622 101, 390 49, 678 48, 094 23, 923 51, 759 89, 649 172.3 60.2 112.1 Indiana _ _ 46, 440 99, 863 65, 965 32, 697 180.6 61.4 119.2 Illinois _ 175.8 60.0 115.8 Michigan.. . _ . 35, 425 16, 981 161.7 56.5 105.2 Wisconsin _ _ 149.4 51.1 West North Central . 13, 723 235, 852 79,649 156, 203 171.9 58.1 113. 8 Minnesota. . . 2, 916 2, 551 3,907 583 50, 709 16, 857 33, 852 173.9 57.8 116. 1 Iowa _ 44, 045 65, 183 8, 673 8,157 22, 024 14, 056 23, 723 2, 913 2,989 7, 350 11,761 29, 989 41, 460 172.7 55. 1 117.6 Missouri _ _ _ 166.8 60.7 106. 1 North Dakota. _ _ 5, 760 148.8 50.0 98.8 South Dakota. . . . . . 618 5, 168 14, 674 132.0 48.4 83.6 Nebraska. _ _ _ 1,284 1,863 171.5 57.2 114.3 Kansas . . 37, 061 25, 300 198.9 63.1 135.8 See footnote at end of table. 995205—52 - 5 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table XVII. — Resident college enrollment in non-Federal institutions of higher education, by veteran status and by location of institution, in rela¬ tion to total population: 1949 — Continued State, by region Popula¬ tion, July 1, 1949, in thousands (000 omitted) Resident college enrollment, third week of fall term, 1949 Number Per 10,000 of total population All students Veterans Non¬ veterans All stu¬ dents Vet¬ erans Non- vet¬ erans 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 South Atlantic, _ - - 20, 719 281, 112 99, 691 181, 421 135.7 48.1 87.6 Delaware - .. - - 319 3,441 1, 162 2, 279 107.9 36.4 71.5 Maryland _ .. _ _ 2, 339 36, 570 13, 238 23, 332 156.4 56.6 99.8 Virginia _ _ - .. - - 3, 297 37, 393 11, 172 26, 221 113.4 33.9 79.5 West Virginia - 1,938 22, 834 8,083 14, 751 117.8 41.7 76.1 North Carolina . . . 3, 944 45, 195 13, 736 31, 459 114.6 34.8 79.8 South Carolina _ _ - . 2,004 23, 038 7, 240 15, 798 115.0 36.1 78.9 Georgia . . . . ... ... 3, 360 39,094 13, 312 25, 782 116.3 39.6 76.7 Florida _ 2, 679 36, 093 15,040 21,053 134.7 56.1 78.6 District of Columbia _ _ 839 37, 454 16, 708 20, 746 446.4 199.1 247.3 East South Central - 11, 210 123, 658 40, 563 83,095 110.3 36.2 74.1 Kentucky - - 2, 862 32, 455 10, 942 21, 513 113.4 38.2 75.2 Tennessee . . . . . 3, 267 39, 748 11, 504 28, 244 121.7 35.2 86.5 Alabama _ _ 3, 004 31, 760 11, 870 19, 890 105.7 39.5 66.2 Mississippi . . . ----- 2, 076 19, 695 6, 247 13, 448 94.9 30.1 64.8 West South Central _ 14, 266 229, 964 80, 563 149, 401 161.2 56.5 104.7 Arkansas _ _ _ _ 1,835 19, 445 6,546 12, 899 106.0 35.7 70.3 Louisiana _ _ _ .-. 2, 633 35, 641 11, 941 23, 700 135.4 45.4 90.0 Oklahoma - - - - 2, 125 45, 401 18, 385 27, 016 213.6 86.5 127.1 Texas . . .. . 7,673 129, 477 43, 691 85, 786 168.7 56.9 111.8 Mountain _ 4, 854 102, 659 40, 155 62, 504 211.5 82.7 128.8 Montana _ _ _ _ _ 562 8,622 3, 378 5,244 153.4 60.1 93.3 Idaho _ _ _ . 572 8, 266 2, 598 5,668 144.5 45.4 99.1 Wyoming _ 276 3, 817 1,369 2,448 138.3 49.6 88.7 Colorado _ _ - _ 1, 249 35,063 15, 158 19, 905 280.7 121.3 159.4 New Mexico... _ 632 9, 592 4, 085 5,507 151.8 64.7 87.1 Arizona... . . . 726 13, 144 4, 771 8, 373 181.0 65.7 115.3 Utah _ 677 22, 380 8, 172 14, 208 330.6 120.7 209.9 Nevada _ _ _ _ _ 159 1,775 624 1,151 111.6 39.2 72.4 Pacific... - - 14, 365 269, 128 88, 886 180, 242 187.4 61.9 125.5 Washington ... _ 2, 373 43, 093 16, 129 26, 964 181.6 68.0 113.6 Oregon. _ _ _ 1,493 25, 588 9, 688 15, 900 171.4 64.9 106.5 California _ . _ 10, 499 200, 447 63, 969 137, 378 190.9 60.1 I 130.8 i Does not include 7,340 students at 4 United States service academies. Great variation was also shown in the 1949 fall enrollment of veterans only, from 121.3 per 10,000 in Colorado and 120.7 in Utah to 33.9 in Virginia and 30.1 in Mississippi; States nearest the national average were Minnesota (57.8) and Nebraska (57.2). More nonveterans than veterans were enrolled in every State and the District of Columbia with more than twice as many nonveterans as veterans in Maine, Vermont, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Mississippi, Idaho, and California. The number of nonveteran students per 10,000 of total population ranged STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 29 from 209.9 in Utah and 159.4 in Colorado to 64.8 in Mississippi and 60.6 in New Jersey. Missouri (106.1) and Oregon (106.5) were nearest the national average. Other Types of Students Up to this point the discussion has centered on the 2,659,021 resident students of college grade who enrolled during the regular session 1949-50, and the 943,021 students of the same type and level who enrolled for the summer session or sessions of 1949. There remains a group of 1,119,525 other persons receiving instruction at or from institutions of higher education. Of this number 73,844 were enrolled as secondary or elementary pupils on the campuses of the various institutions. Some of these were children or young people brought to the campus to provide practice teaching facilities for students preparing for the teaching profession; this group was only 1.8 percent larger than a similar group of 72,543 reported for 1947-48. Another group included 45,103 persons coming to the campus for individual instruction in music, art, public speaking, or other specialties; many of these were children, but a large number were adults who desired individual instruction in some of these branches for their own cultural or vocational purposes. This group exceeded the corresponding group of 41,383 reported for 1947-48 by 3,720, or 9.0 percent. A third group included those taking short courses, usually but not necessarily on the campus. The 1949-50 group of this type numbered 151,883, which exceeded the 1947-48 corresponding group of 130,497 by 21,386, or 16.4 percent. The largest single group of special students is composed of those taking instruction by correspondence or in extension classes or off-campus centers. This group numbered 848,695 in 1949-50; it exceeded the 1947- 48 group of this type by 11.7 percent. Of special interest is the fact that the number of women taking instruction by this method increased 17.7 percent during the 2 -year period, whereas the number of men increased by only 7.3 percent. Adding these various groups of students — adults, children, short- course, individual instruction, etc. — to the 2,659,021 students of college grade previously mentioned brings the grand total of registrations in institutions of higher education to 4,721,567. This number, which is 3.2 percent larger than the corresponding figure for 1947-48, is actually 3.1 percent of the entire United States population of 150,697,361 reported for 1950. Ignoring duplication among the different types of registration — not a quantitatively important factor — it appears that about 1 person in every 30 or 35 was in 1949-50 receiving instruction of some sort from an institution of higher education. Table XVIII. — Student enrollment , institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution, and by type of registration: 1949-50 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 31 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Degrees Nearly 500,000 earned degrees were conferred by institutions of higher education in 1949-50, the exact number being 496,874. Of this number 432,058, or 87.0 percent, were at the level of the baccalaureate, and 58,183, or 11.7 percent, were at the master’s level. The remaining 6,633 (1.3 percent) were doctorates of various types. Historical Trends 'h The 1949-50 total of all degrees is 16.9 times that of 1899-1900, when 29,362 degrees were awarded. During this 50-year period, enrollments in higher education increased from 237,592 to 2,659,021, the 1949-50 figure being 11.2 times that for 1899-1900. Thus, graduation from college is increasing at a somewhat faster rate than college attendance. This suggests that a larger proportion of college students are now re¬ maining to finish a 4-year course than formerly, a suggestion given sub¬ stance by the fact that whereas in 1899-1900 only 11.5 percent of the college student body received the bachelor’s degree at the end of the year, in 1949-50 the corresponding percentage was 16.2. Further substanti¬ ation is seen in the fact that enrollment in non -degree -granting institu¬ tions (normal schools and junior colleges) dropped from 29 percent of the higher education total for 1899-1900 to less than 10 percent of that for 1949-50. The 1949-50 total number of degrees conferred (496,874) is the largest in the history of American higher education. It exceeds by more than 50,000 the highest total resident college enrollment of all students for any year up to the end of World War I. In fact, the 1917-18 total enrollment of 440,742 was but little more than the number of bachelor’s degrees conferred in 1949-50, while the number of master’s degrees con¬ ferred in this later year was more than enough to have replaced the entire teaching faculty of all American higher education in any year up to 1919-20. The 1949-50 conferral of all degrees was 56.4 percent larger than that of 1947-48. Corresponding percentages of increase for the various levels were: bachelor’s 59.4; master’s 37.2; and doctor’s 58.4. Of special interest is the shift in the proportion of degrees by level. In 1899-1900 bachelor’s and first professional degrees amounted to 93.3 percent of the total number of conferrals, master’s to 5.4 percent, and doctor’s to 1.3 percent. In 1949-50 bachelor’s amounted to only 87.0 percent of the total with master’s 11.7, and doctorates again at 1.3 per¬ cent. This does not tell the complete story, however. The bachelor’s degree seems to have reached its highest relative point in 1899-1900 with the percentage just mentioned. Ten years earlier, however, it STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 33 had come to 93.2 percent of that year’s total. It apparently dropped to its lowest proportion of the total (85.3 percent) in 1947-48. The master’s degree, which had accounted for 6.0 percent of the 1889-90 total, dropped to 5.4 percent in 1899-1900, rose to 13.4 percent in 1947-48, and dropped back to 11.7 in 1949-50. The doctorate started the century at 1.3 percent of all degrees con¬ ferred, dropped as low as 1.0 percent in 1909-10, and reached 1.8 percent in 1933-34. From 1929-30 to 1943-44 it did not drop below 1.5, but since that year it has stood at 1.3 percent of all degrees: the same as the 1899-1900 percentage. Actually, it has made a very slight net advance during the half-century: from 1.257 percent in 1899-1900 to 1.335 in 1949-50. Its largest advance took place in the decade just preceding 1900. In 1889-90 the 126 doctorates conferred amounted to only 0.756 of 1 percent of the total of 16,674 degrees conferred during the year. Had that same percentage held for 1949-50, only 3,756 doctorates would have been conferred instead of the 6,633 actually reported. Table XIX. — Historical summary of earned degrees conferred , 1 by level of degree: 1899-1900 to 1949-50 Degrees conferred, by level Percentage of all degrees Year All degrees Bach¬ elor's Master’s 1 Doctor’s Bach¬ elor’s Master’s ! Doctor's 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 1899-1900 _ 29, 362 27, 410 1,583 369 93.3 5.4 1.3 1909-10 _ 41, 390 37, 199 3, 771 420 89.9 9.1 1.0 1919-20 _ 53,487 48, 622 2 4, 301 2 564 90.9 8.0 1.1 1929-30.. _ 139, 743 122, 484 2 15, 043 2 2, 216 87.6 10.8 1.6 1931-32 _ 160, 084 138, 063 19, 367 2,654 86.2 12.1 1.7 1933-34 . . . 157, 279 136, 156 18, 293 2, 830 86.6 11.6 1.8 1935-36 . . . . 164, 197 143, 125 18, 302 2,770 87.2 11.1 1.7 1937-38 _ 189, 503 164, 943 21,628 2,932 87.0 11.4 1.6 1939-40 _ _ 216, 521 186, 500 26, 731 3, 290 86.1 12.4 1.5 1941—42 _ _ _ 213, 491 185, 346 24, 648 3,497 86.8 11.6 1.6 1943-44 _ 141, 582 125, 863 13, 414 2, 305 88.9 9.5 1.6 1945-46 . . . 157, 349 136, 174 19,209 1,966 4, 188 86.5 12.2 1.3 1947-48 . . . . . 317, 607 271,019 42, 400 85.3 13.4 1.3 1949-50: 1 Total . . _ . 496, 874 432, 058 58, 183 6,633 1 87.0 11.7 1.3 Men _ _ _ 376, 051 328, 841 41, 220 5,990 87.4 11.0 1.6 Women _ _ 120, 823 103, 217 16, 963 643 | 85.4 14.1 j .5 1 Continental United States only. 2 Revision of figures previously published; based on reanalysis of original reports. The 1949-50 Status In 1949-50, as in 1947-48, men outnumbered women in degrees earned, at every level and in every geographic region of the Nation. The total number of degrees conferred in 1949-50 was more than twice the total number in 1939-40. This was true at each of the three levels (table XX). Table XX. — Earned degrees conferred , by sex of recipient , level of degree, and region: 1939-40, 1945-46, and 1947-48 to 1949-50 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 a a o £ § © 15 16 103,217 7, 172 19, 548 20, 936 10, 088 13, 778 6, 877 11,571 4, 048 9, 199 16,963 CO00*0© t-Tioco i-T r-T i— T I © T 00 s 101,874 6,992 19, 896 20, 696 10, 168 14, 518 6, 386 10, 453 3,850 8, 915 15, 539 987 5, 198 3, 351 944 1,388 736 1,593 451 891 1947-48 «**< •a © CO 00 CO 00 CO C5 00 1 00*00505^^000 ' 05 CO CO 00 CO ^ CO CO ■ CO OO 05 CO »o 00 CO 00 1 1 © CO 943 4, 851 3, 211 817 1,149 490 979 387 674 CO s co o r* GO CO ^ CO 03 ^ 00 00 1 OCOrHCOOOCOOi^N 1 l> CO h GO 05 1C 00 CO CO 1 1C CO CO l> o ■ CO of CO ! W5 N r* os r-H OC © OJ CO CO © 647 3, 727 2, 329 659 608 461 908 314 570 Men 1949-50 - 328,841 23, 467 63, 647 70, 570 35, 716 37, 873 18, 798 31, 221 15, 150 30, 969 1,430 © o* N 4, 016 10, 542 9, 332 3,186 3, 339 1,770 3, 154 2, 019 3, 862 1948-49 o co* CO w 18, 464 54, 078 56, 508 28, 811 30, 154 14, 561 25, 545 10, 910 23, 102 1, 421 © CO © © © 00 to 00 © t-h © © p-— CO © CO GO OfNNOONrHCOTt'© © 00 C* * 3,762 13,090 10, 460 3,216 3, 402 1,378 2,811 1,486 2,795 CO I © CO CO co ©CO»OCOOO©©CO©^t- ©T-H©OOTt*COT 05 CO CO 00 §8 40 rr 05 (N 40 K 1— > £ a 0 ca P-? © 13 £3 a o ■o£ s a Ph o oo o 00 CO rH 00 40 CO 00 oTo O 05 05 40 00 CO 3 CO CO 40 cooo*' a1 a a> o o o §a iJ <» sg Is gg W co 31 o M s« Ha o o ja o o a a o o g s 1 Third week of fall term, 1949. Table 2. — Faculty , students, and degrees, institutions of higher education: 1949-50 and 1947-48— Continued 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 43 28 CD JO *o CO ^ lO 10*40 oo 852“ 2 oo »o ON 40 co £8 o o 00 CM 85§ I O CO S2 io eo re CO zpq P3W ■< H „0 © o Sis a 0 s -rH«I> Men 1,853,068 slllS sssSe IlsSS 1313s Islls s»3'ss' asas's ss?«Ws' asses' .3® Hit Is e* s- s' 1,017 186 624 3, 553 570 881 102 873 1, 099 179 2, 821! 1,196 1,269 1, 138 991 997 2471 765| 1, 992 1, 575 1, 471 820 1, 506 208 652 g § N 157,691 1,964 575 1,540 14, 146 2,290 2,558 355 2, 294 2,311 550 8, 518 4,510 3, 215 2,248 1,718 2.283 636 2, 758 8, 826 5, 297 3.284 1,486 3, 851 600 1,553 State - Continental United States.. Alabama... . . . . Arizona _ _ Arkansas . . California . . . Colorada... _ _ _ _ Connecticut. _ _ Delaware _ _ Florida.. _ _ _ _ Georgia _ _ _ Idaho . . . . . Illinois _ Indiana . . Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas Kentucky _ _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts . . . Michigan . . . Minnesota . . . . . Mississippi _ Missouri _ _ Montana _ Nebraska _ _ STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION ! 3 S :S : 8 : i i “ ! j j i j j j i i j 133 4 1,111 ,104 3 271 19 30 324 29 2 38 112 26 "'"46 66 3 276 8 116 • : ! ! 1 14 184 47 4, 268 214 6 639 292 92 960 41 102 10 310 1, 263 48 79 117 110 234 363 28 411 A 6 187 761 158 7, 095 467 73 1,455 654 319 2,686 86 114 76 766 1,930 314 112 260 444 384 958 106 786 j 1 O 1-4 ISiss sl§3§ § ; c-T esf USCSfrH rH cfcf r-Tco' d-f -fed edrdedrdc> «dcd Fall of 1949. Table 4. — Faculty , by type of position, by sex, institutions of higher education, by State: 1949-50 A. All Institutions 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Summer Session 1949 Total teaching staff Women eo 16, 763 ‘O xt< rH c^iooococni c^*-toot^oo ohnon r^COCOiO*-H OOHHON NOOfN ^ N N rH lO Tt- © © ©* © ! oo i ^ Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women - N OS 712 167 396 3,039 569 664 74 545 779 153 2, 576 1,029 1,029 1,041 758 859 222 643 1,706 1,420 1,363 564 1,388 133 494 Men C 145, 861 1,432 481 1,142 12, 632 2, 231 2, 121 233 1,661 2,307 449 9, 099 4, 021 2,700 2, 492 1,770 2, 444 479 2, 523 8,068 4, 876 3,049 1,057 4,494 504 1,258 Administrative Women 6,915 W»OOOlO© i-H © © 00 00 © ©3 © © H lONTf ^ ©*>•©©© ©r-iOO©© ©*.-ilOt^CO ©OOH©-^ ^ CO ^ CO U- ^ r-H © CO © CO »— 1 T-H 'J'HNhH r—i nNH HHH Men 15, 640 194 67 191 966 157 396 38 194 270 87 883 448 403 246 188 209 73 253 1,075 436 304 211 420 73 175 Total (excluding those employed in summer ses¬ sion only) Women eo 60, 533 1,065 204 648 4,153 693 955 111 923 1,243 220 3, 274 1,482 1,466 1,561 1,126 1,193 285 849 2,203 1,742 1,913 868 1,728 222 728 Men o* 186, 189 2,051 600 1,596 17, 263 2,594 2, 923 383 2, 393 3,034 669 10,684 5,639 3,811 3,062 2,282 2, 880 698 2, 978 9, 790 5,796 4,057 1,570 5, 402 651 1,828 State - Continental United States _ Alabama . . . . ... .. Arizona. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Arkansas _ _ _ _ _ California . . . . . . . . Colorado . . . . . . . . Connecticut . . . . . Delaware . . . . ... Florida. _ _ _ _ _ Georgia . . . . . . .. Idaho... . . . . . . . . Illinois--. . . . . . . . . Indiana- . . . . . Iowa.. . . . . . . Kansas... . . . . Kentucky _ _ ... . . Louisiana _ _ _ _ Maine . . . . . . . . Maryland.. . _ _ _ Massachusetts.. _ _ Michigan. . . . . Minnesota . . Mississippi. _ _ _ Missouri . . . . Montana _ _ _ Nebraska . . . . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 51 sBggg §»§§! 8*331 gsaga sgs g rH* r-T 3 4 4 19 164 5S||l lllgg gagsg |gg|g |12 g S3 =e o a, a. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 681 ‘I STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 53 Privately Controlled Institutions 54 3 £ e 0 d BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Summer Session 1949 Total teaching staff Women eo N O 00 167 © © t>- ^ 23 00 ^ CO ^ r-i © © © © 00©• © © CO©©©© © ^ C* ©HCOCq OOOOCOt^© ©r-l00©t^ ©©©T-i© Men © NINN-^N ©C*©©© t^“ r-T 2 ■3 to £ a 8 isiss g ills silll !§“§§ ! | eo'cd | « rJ “ jlll 1 ill ¥ 1111- edrd iifgf nr I¥1 eo o £ X3 3 DO O '1*8 ir*S nsr co-r mr g ill§ leded liisi lauf 3 3 - l§gii Iff CO ISPS fflH 'SS'So >3 m o £82 Is ©-dtdofeo- Tti- cd'ocdodcd 81151 cdw-r^coo mil rd.-4VMof gi§i§ Sisli wr-rT t-feot'fofco © <‘« t-Too" tjToT I «r 100 73 1, 662 2,745 islli SaslI gllll SISli HI £ 1 sa'^sS as‘~‘ 8 r**1 195 153 2, 656 4, 917 ,c|id I «l|g£ o' ® ® ® © ® o o.c „ Table 5. — Students , institutions of higher education , by classification and sex , by State: 1949-50 — Continued C. Privately Controlled Institutions 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Other Enrollments Individual instruction Wom¬ en N 24,048 58 CO to 03 CO CO to . 1 i C* ICO HO CQ 1 ^ rH 1 1 CO 1 rH i III - cn 3$ I 81 350 97 873 _ 1 668 283 1, 010 98 18 270 238 139 359 213 os o • N l«a"i i iasa ssi«§ S3«a «g i i • r-T t-H j CO N r-T J SO j is • 1 13, 294 93 “*912 179 72 3, 812 117 85 625 963 101 8 105 69 172 1,924 i f~© i gliSS Hill eo'rHr-Tcf hH t-ThH O^TcIVh 105 1,787 1,571 115 182 139 340 255 1,158 634 57 198 433 202 107 Men 2 176, 706 llsll S jSI CS r-T r-l 00 CO CS 1 5 Si iisll I O' eOuj'rtrHrH CO 191 01 3" ; Men © 9, 166 r- . 3 ; 1 i 1 !8i * i i S j !3§ i i a i ill j s§; Agriculture Graduate Wom¬ en - 1 CO • • ooc ro | r-,HlO j HO p CO . Men CD 3 a i;ggg Isis! llslg Ills! 1ISS1 rH -TcO-h' r-T rH~ hh“ ,-T hH 1 Graduate Wom¬ en us 69i ‘ n 102 48 22 3,886 490 111 68 309 532 19 3,312 630 567 246 398 172 16 218 1,410 1,998 475 352 1,066 49 156 1 ■< o 1 Sciences Men 87, 858 gSSRgS §§ggs gssgi jpilfj sgggf oTr-T t-r«N«M> ^•'NOOtCod' «SrHTtr^-« Men N 1 810, 188 sllll ISlsl §!§!§ §ES1§ !8gll oiVtdgo ^ — *fiEfc0 ejfcojoM'— 2*W00'nco State - Continental United States _ Alabama Arizona _ _ - Arkansas California . . . . Colorado _ _ Delaware _ Florida _ _ Idaho Illinois . . - Indiana . . . Iowa . . Kansas Kentucky Louisiana . . ivi aine Maryland _ Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota __ MissourL;:::::::::::::::::: Montana. . . Nebraska.... . . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 9, 525 124 11- sag®§ 2 i of : s is : : 3 : 10,883 199 615 480 203 750 317 32 1,005 1,500 102 43 122 ' 5 244 244 49 148 8 i 8 ! IbbS ISIS! sslll llsSI §la 1 i ; CST V 1:1! § “ ; 5 34 6 15 29 52 7 :N§ »Q~H 8 2 i o-- : 208 163 49 642 _ N j 119 305 46 6 67 126 S2 : ; 8Bs s«sss ssas§ is-sa ss® CO- Vr-T 8 N |ooS i”!!s S316S S1SSS sSlal §§§ i 8' " «* “'f «f i - 2 ill i 8 i | ; :s 2 : i 8 i ;a ; . . xX , S : : i 7 176 35 ; 8 ; i o « 1 CS lO S i^SS 3 : ; 1 i i N i Is 1 i | *-H O | ; 00 i-H : 2 : rH 15 145 2 157 21 153 70 140 242 SgS i US ; US «g :®| "-Sag |w jo^oocnj n§“3 XX • rH CO s8ISi 11111 Islla siisi las 05i0 ‘OCO'^OCO co oo CO CM CMH co COCO CO 05 05 CM rH 400*00500 CO (NlO*OHH rH GO CO o HCMOOOCM to ^ CM ^ icfr-T r-f CM S 05 rH rH Men eo 89,924 2,320 698 351 3,694 618 1, 827 106 1, 257 2, 491 346 9,727 3,211 1, 273 1,822 1, 419 1, 143 392 1, 439 4, 633 1,707 1, 180 61 3, 583 536 162 Pharmacy Grad¬ uate Zf Z* f 91 CO ; : 41 18 65 34 CO CO , Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en - to QO hco^ion o »OH GO »0 ^ 00 co lO Tf OOOO u- CM CM CO *0 CO CM rH to 05 Tf< CO 05 Tf< CO L'- 00 rH CO ^ CM rH CO rH CO Men O 18, 788 ^ 0 07 0CM to NOCOCMOO rH O CM CM t^CO CM UOOH 1-1 CO CO S'- Oi o NHONO . Tt< to 00 rH tO ^ CM 00 rH CO to CO © 1 to to 00 00 1 ^ Men CO 24,803 203 312 1,084 271 234 to to O CM CO CO 05 rH HOHCO^ ■'** 05 to CO CO CO 00 630 1, 106 1,535 507 113 1, 187 590 Law Grad¬ uate CO eo * 1,608 • OCM 98 43 CO rH lO rH rH CO CO i 40 Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en N eo 2,090 07 co H 07 H CO r-H GO CM ^ NOCO OiOOCM^ CO COt^ CM CM rH rH CM rH »OHN ChCOrHTjiO CO ^ 05 CO tO rH CO Men eo 54, 295 N lO CM 07 COHOHTf - 05 CO CM CM CO »0 Is- 1,354 1,347 85 3,057 1,071 681 489 655 810 rH rH CO CO CO N 05 GO CO CO 00 OO 050^ O CM to rH ^ ' H r-T Home economics Grad¬ uate 30 QO O tO CO ^ C5 to to CM SO CO rH CO 05 00 05 CO CM rH CO 00 t>- ^ rH rH 11 4 52 _ 22 00 05 ^ Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en C* w CO o r* of et I^OO’^t'COCO OC7CMCOO 05000000 f>-OOOOCMOO OCOOOOO O GO CM O 07 OH07^CO O CO CO CO CO CM CO CO 00 07 OhC7COt}< CO rH CO CM CO CM rH CO T-i CO O H CM »ONCO»OCO CO rH CM tH CO Men GO cm s 10 1 2 N T»< 1 O i rH rH 1 t^I 1 CO ' rH i i l Engineering Graduate Wom¬ en N 117 • to CO HH . I . i rH CM CO rH lit i iii i iii i Men CD W 17, 991 05 05 to QO 05 00 CO »0 05 00 HCOOOO1^ COH^IOCM rS CO CO rH 05 O 00 H CO O N lO 00 CM CO 07 05 CO co rH CM CM CM 05 o CM H rH CO rH rH CO 856 50 26 Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en to w 791 C7COHCOH tO CM tO rH CM CO rH O N ^ N N N-CMHCOO rH CM tO rH tO COCO rH T* CO lO CO rH Men N 210,015 3,246 727 1, 067 7,932 4, 726 2, 574 561 1, 259 3, 981 529 11,090 11,095 2, 861 3,947 1,788 2,888 1, 219 2,219 9, 517 14, 458 3,853 899 6, 456 1, 211 1, 399 State - Continental United States. Alabama . . Arkansas . . . California . . Colorado _ ! | g > a II >p > 5 ci : I 3 c IPs ! .£ ! h i 1 - 1 1 1,006 1 202 174 4, 963 69 4 1,233 445 395 2,315 490 612 77 126 1,500 149 29 965 865 323 691 ; K : eo g» *Q l rH N | | | co Tt< i cm co oo co rH i CO H H O l CO lONN hNCOOCO CQ CQ lO CO rH CO rH CM CD 76 CM ! 2,821 595 63 924 266 255 2,154 226 60 1,008 1,017 151 148 594 189 63 621 3 : 05 § if! ! CO 1 « • »o i 8 ; CD CM lO CO^NHrf CO i-4 r-H i-H O ^ CM 1C CO r-H (Nh05 05 U- 1 ; i IN* 728 121 7, 410 766 172 4,026 784 714' 1, 568 278 154 739 2,435 302 05 Hcdo co i rH O CO co 00 05 l ON CM O lO 1 H r-T co' 1 1 <*> 00 00 oo i < CO t"- CO CM t-H i 1 cococo co 1 1 3 68 46 10 1 23 20 28 33 4 0 l>- lO CO rH G5 lO rH o TH rH o CO 00 CO lO 05 00 O 00 ■ • CO CM »D U- 00 CO ‘OCOTfOOO CM 05 CO CM O 10 05 00 1 1 00 rH 0 § o 3 log ® E- e fl . W O nr» »o B . o|f ^ 00 0. 2 g £.2 «N“S 3.2 - * B«° a a ® ... -3 • a * 3 (H 00,2«S ” S0* c3-g ” Q C« w T3 “'S^Q B O.S O O rg 2 g !h S fe'E o “ _J-fe |£ ,2 * .2 .°»_rc © S^o 03 s,o s *!!»§•! SiSlalel B r/rS 3 .22 3 ^ C 3n „S 3 -S’SaSigP 00 S 3.53 « 03^ o.a ffl •> ej 3 - ^ -O 2 CL, '2-S I-.3 a .. 2 C3 ^ O O o^flC 13 ca 1— ( fc? «= 0,,T+->r- o Q 10P tot* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1932 t Biennial Survey of Education iln the l nited States — 1949-50 SECTION II Statistics of x ' v . ^ to ^ II © CM —MM © II II II cm © © * * in © II cm — CM CM M || © II »-i iO Teachers colleges * 218 I N r i i tO — t- © * © m II * || M II II r-1 IO Universities, colleges, and professional schools CO 601 ‘l u i 04 i i i © © » © © II — * "112 II II II II 86 19 86 223 hioohc II to CO t> CO © (M 00 *— < »— i 65 9 11 7 38 16 IU -1 r-c U II COCO 1»Nhm 89 CO ic rH || rH H O jj 1 ! i " j 1 i r j h .-1 -i 1 1 ! 1 i i i 1 | j i i : : CQ © © j II I-H II II (M co oo r-i rH || TP rH © jj II N i- 00 ® © !D ^ M ^ 53 lO 00 lO o 1 rnrH IU II * II II 1> t~ OS II rH rHCO C II WNHMHN'ei II co | i'¬ ll II II ©co© II rH © jj II II i ] i j ; MOO j(M i* i> co os II n HriHtfl jj CO II II ©lOHOSUJNlOH II h* <30 II II CO lO CO II Tj* rH rH lO jj II II II II rl kO l> r-< 00 l> © CO t OtO 40 to CO CO CO 00 »o » CO* 05 CO CO 05 co* ci ci oo* co* coco o co co 05 CO* CO 00 05 CO 00* (M* 00 ° i o’ i > *> © 05 i> I 00* CO to 05* l> rf o CO 05 CO* C0C CO O O (M to CO CO CO to co O 1> O 05 I'Ol^HO 005HHH HfNtOCOrH I> ^ CO CO O CO co 00 rH CO © CO tO 05 r-XtO NH 40 co 05 00 CO *> ai .2 C « o rt a v'E f P'Z’V a O g’S <- S <3 O-V £.2- p.3 X) C3- -o -a c c 3 e3 V cfi OH « j £•2 <5 §>£ tovs-t; ^ C C C <15 is® .2 s'* J ® c rt.2 o Jg* c° >»§ ’2’S. « cS ■ cS 3 J5T3 s« 'iJ <30 c3 *.£ t- o '* s S'H °"S o g3 2 fl "eS 3i3-o o>r2^ « STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 21.6 4.0 100.0 14.6 37.4 3. 1 16.3 2.4 73.8 .6 .6 75.0 23.7 1.3 100.0 16.0 31.9 1.7 13.7 1.0 64.3 .1 .8 65.2 32.2 2.6 © ©’ © 19.5 49.8 4.2 21.7 3. 1 co os oo 00 © o © © 24.6 48.9 2.6 21.0 1.5 98.7 .1 1.3 : © : ©‘ : © : j i 19.8 50.7 4.2 22. 1 3.2 100.0 25.0 49.6 2.6 21.3 1.5 100.0 i i I 224,060 41,554 1,038,069 1,022 2,615 219 1, 138 165 ©*0 ^ to to 5,248 1,658 88 6,994 7,559 15,015 806 6,449 448 30,277 24 386 30,687 15, 170 1,212 47,069 20.7 1.8 100.0 9.5 44.0 3. 1 14.3 1.9 72.8 4 1.4 74.2 24. 1 1.7 0’00l || coos ©to © 1 © 77,370 21.2 2.9 O © o 9.7 43.7 3. 1 14.4 1.9 72.8 3 1.4 74.2 24. 1 1.7 © ©’ © osososw^ ssrs- II II 79.0 i .5 79.5 18.8 1.7 © ©’ © >— i 05 ^ CO co oo a> ei II 98. 1 2 1.9 100.0 14.9 62.9 2.4 17.8 1.4 99.4 3 .6 © ©’ © ■♦ONBO CO o’ -J-' os ei II - - II ° i i o* i : o : : || ©(N^O-Ji || kCcooioo’S II II 100.0 1 : : f 420, 173 58,410 1,985, 097 13,238 59,486 4, 174 19,600 2,587 99,085 59 1, 898 101,042 32,853 2,229 136, 124 14,761 62, 166 2,328 17,647 1,391 98,293 31 565 98,889 23,374 2, 176 a « > j i Auxiliary enterprises and activities . Other noneducational expenditures . . Total current expenditures . j Teachers colleges Educational and general: Administration and general expense Resident instruction. . . . Libraries . Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities . Subtotal- . . . Organized research . . Extension.- . Total educational and general.. . Auxiliary enterprises and activities..- . Other noneducational expenditures..- . Total current expenditures . . Junior colleges and normal schools Educational and general: Administration and general expense Resident instruction . Libraries . Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities. . . Subtotal- . Organized research . . . Extension . Total educational and general _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities. _ .. Other noneducational expenditures..- . i : 5 j ) - ! ) I ) ! > i > i > a O Q> flg "3 U 31 a More than 0.05 of 1 percent, but less than .1 of 1 percent * Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Auxiliary enterprises and activities. — The auxiliary enterprise and activity group of expenditures totaled $476,400,403, which was 21.2 percent of the total current expenditures for 1949-50. The corres¬ ponding amount for 1947-48 was $438,988,490, and the corresponding percentage was 23.3. Other noneducational expenditures. — Expenditures for scholar¬ ships, fellowships, prizes, student solicitation campaigns, interest on in¬ debtedness (not including repayment of principal), payment to bene¬ ficiaries of annuity funds, and other activities not of an educational Table XII. — Plant fund expenditures , institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution: 1949—50 [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted ] Type of institution Total Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1 2 3 4 AMOUNT All institutions . $416,831 $276,071 $140,760 Universities, colleges, and professional schools1- . 358,260 223,549 134,711 Teachers colleges . - . 33,327 32,370 957 Junior colleges and normal schools- . 25,244 20, 152 5,092 PERCENT* All institutions.- . 100.0 66.2 33.8 Universities, colleges, and professional schools1 . 85.9 53.6 32.3 Teachers colleges . . . 8.0 7.8 .2 Junior colleges and normal schools- 6. 1 4.8 1.3 ‘Except teachers colleges and normal schools. Calculated from rounded figures. nature involved the expenditure of $62,815,663 in 1949-50. This was 2.8 percent of the total of current expenditures for all institutions. This percentage ran higher among publicly controlled institutions than among those under private control and was noticeably higher among univer¬ sities, colleges, and professional schools than in the other groups. The 1949-50 figure is 19.2 percent more than the $52,687,300 reported for this group of expenditures for 1947-48. Plant Fund Expenditures A total of $416,831,001 was spent on increasing the physical prop¬ erty of institutions of higher education in 1949-50. This included the purchase of additional ground for educational or auxiliary purposes; the purchase, construction, and remodeling of buildings; the purchase of new equipment; and other items of this nature. This figure is the highest of its kind on record at the Office of Education; it is almost exactly 5 times the $83,764,961 reported for 1939-40. Institutions under STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 33 public control utilized 66.2 percent of this figure; the remaining 33.8 percent was spent at institutions under private control. Universities, colleges, and professional schools spent 85.9 percent of the total (table XII); teachers colleges used 8.0 percent; junior colleges and normal schools, 6.1 percent. Fund and Plant Values Plant and Plant Funds The total value of physical property and plant funds held by the 1,851 institutions of higher education in continental United States in 1950 was more than five and one-fourth billion dollars, the reported Table XIII. — Value , physical plant and plant funds , institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution: 1950 [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted ] Type of institution Total Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1 2 3 4 All institutions- . . . AMOUNT $5,272,590 $2, 886,409 $2,386, 181 Universities, colleges, and professional schools1 . . . Teachers colleges .. . 4,547,679 406,919 257,992 2,276,407 452, 025 157,977 2,271,272 14, 894 100,015 Junior colleges and normal schools . All institutions- . . . PERCENT* 100.0 54.7 45.3 Universities, colleges, and professional schools1 . Teachers colleges . . . . 86.2 8.9 4.9 43. 1 8.6 3.0 43.1 .3 1.9 Junior colleges and normal schools . . . Except teachers colleges and normal schools. Calculated from rounded numbers. figure being $5,272,590,296. Of this sum, $4,799,964,494 was invested in physical plant (grounds, buildings, improvements, furniture, and equipment) and the remaining $472,625,802 was in the form of funds set aside but not yet utilized for expansion of the physical plant. Of the total of more than five and one-fourth billion dollars, 54.7 percent was held by publicly controlled institutions and 45.3 percent by those under private control. More than six-sevenths (86.2 percent) of it was held by universities, colleges, and professional schools, the remaining 13.8 percent being held by teachers colleges (8.9) and junior colleges and normal schools (4.9). These figures are considered to be somewhat short of the actual amounts invested in plant. Certain institutions, especially those occupying a plant jointly with other organizations 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 (Y.M.C.A.’s, high schools, hospitals, etc.) have difficulty in allocating their plant values equitably. Endowment and Other Nonexpendable Funds Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, including annuity funds, funds temporarily functioning as endowment, and student loan funds, totaled $2,644,322,642 in 1950 (table XIV) which is 5.9 percent more Table XIV. — Endowment and other nonexpendable funds,1 institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution: 1950 [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted ] Type of institution Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled institutions institutions 1 2 3 4 AMOUNT2 All institutions . - . $2,644,323 $413,658 $2,230,665 Universities, colleges, and professional schools2- . 2,607,670 11, 160 403,389 4,987 5,282 2,204,281 6, 173 20,211 Teachers colleges- . . . . .. Junior colleges and normal schools . 25,493 PERCENT* All institutions- . 100.0 15.6 84.4 Universities, colleges, and professional schools2 . 98.6 15.2 83.4 Teachers colleges . . . . . .4 .2 .2 Junior colleges and normal schools . 1.0 .2 .8 ‘Including annuity funds and student loan funds. ‘Except teachers colleges and normal schools. ‘Calculated from rounded numbers. than the $2,497,726,446 reported for 1948 and almost exactly 50 per¬ cent more than the $1,764,603,755 reported for 1940. Endowment funds (including endowment proper, funds function¬ ing as endowment, and annuity funds) totaled $2,601,222,994 in 1950. This was 6.0 percent more than the $2,453,536,644 reported for 1948. Student loan funds dropped from $44,189,802 in 1948 to $43,099,648 in 1950. This decrease of $1,090,154, or 2.5 percent is of special in¬ terest when it is recalled that receipts specifically designated for in¬ crease of student loan funds totaled $684,180 during the year in question. Of the 1950 total of all permanent and quasi-permanent funds, 83.4 percent was held by privately controlled universities, colleges, and professional schools. Privately controlled teachers colleges, junior colleges, and normal schools held another 1.0 percent, so that 84.4 per¬ cent of the entire amount was in the possession of institutions under private control. Table 1. — Historical summary of higher education: 1889-90 to 1949-50 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1949-50 210,349 157,091 52, 658 2,059,021 is 11 432,058 328,841 103,217 58, 183 41,220 10,963 0,033 5,990 043 $1,833,845 1,700,444 5,272,590 2,044,323 1947-48 s 190,300 143,243 53,057 2,010,202 1,830,339 779,923 271,019 175,450 95,503 42,400 28,899 13,501 4, 188 3.087 501 $1,538,070 1,391,594 3,990,000 2,497,727 1945-40 o 130,032 £2 s'? 1,070,851 11 as Cl l> i> o CO is gs 19,209 33 o c; 1,900 1,580 380 $924,958 820,320 (•) (•) I C5 9) 134,451 SI g's 1, 155,272 00 -? c: oo gg ic o § 3 55,805 09,998 13,414 5,711 7,703 2,305 1,880 425 1 1 I £ 1941-42 oo 134, 137 ii CO l> C5 CO 1,403,990 S5 S3 CO s 103,889 81,457 1 s' S3 o* 3,497 IS co" 1 li 5 s ss s’ O iOt> t- c; $172,929 (•) 741,333 509,071 1909-10 I CO $3 r-H CO » 355, 213 11 2S s CO (N t- g“ 3,771 3,091 080 420 370 44 $ 70,053 (•) 460,532 323,601 1899-1900 n 23,808 19, 151 4,717 237,592 SI S3 o 22, 173 5,237 1,583 1, 280 303 § CO 348 21 1 1 1 s' *8 S €£- 1889-90 N » 15,809 ss i> — > I i > i i s * Table 2. — Income , expenditures , and property, institutions of higher education: 1949-50 and 1947-48 [Financial data in thousatids of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted ] 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 O lO OS *00 -7 H© o-p " a 0 V ,► a p p Nacwobi' CM 00 CM CD i>-t> (N LQ C <0 © iO GO OS CO ^ CO CM © co o ^ cm CO © Cl- CO © O-OCOCH 0OCM F-I © »OCM 00 CO 00 (Mf-CUOdTp CM r-. ( N © 00 CO CO CM 00 »-• I-H CCNr-CCOCO (NOCO^MN O SO r-< CMCO !> CO ^ GO lO cc ^ r- CO lO l> CM © «^ »-* GO CO CO CO CO 03 so ««+ «- »0 so ^ SO !-• so O CO CO CO LO i> so CO hOCCOt-CO f-'C.C.MWIM CM t- CO © *—• © r'MCO CM CO i> co CM CM so" CO iO CM l- 00 i> CO t- © CM OS CO CM C5 »0 © CM t-~©* l> CO © © i> © ©CM i- © to © COOCOCO^^CMlO *OCM*--GO^©CC© co©co©t^*^iooo CO CO © ©lO II ^ © OS CO © I COCO © r-« ^ II iO CO © -f CM CM rH CO i> OlOCM H || ^OCOrHH II 1C CO © iO r-< ©CM : i> rx lO © -> o co © © © © © © © '•* ©co i> io CM©CMt^*f-©©^ iO CO © © © *- iO l- CO CM 00 ^ © 00 I &C.C «• X5 £ w r; — w u, Vi rt - c.* C C ^oT-o^o-rjct^s o-^ O c t-4J STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 37 isiiii III gg Is S3 111 S"~ O ■- P g-S *2 5^ •§ KJ 1 1 1 1 1 ci & £ < * P 3 •3 P a be i 3 Table 3. — Current income , institutions of higher education , by State: 1949-50 A.— All Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Total current income 14 $2, 374, 645 33,877 9,795 19,812 216,806 33,080 34,771 3,503 38,929 34,783 9,271 170,978 73,951 53,239 37,180 28,088 35,568 9,664 40,349 120,477 102,047 57,508 21,726 55,260 8,655 1 21,407 Other non- educa- tional income 13 $29, 535 ^ i> *>CM © IN (N CO 00 O lO © CO l> kO © © kO CM tF* 05 © CO ® h X © -^ © © CO (M CM GO (NNNhCO (NCOOHr^ CO CO tJ< rH CM COXrHCO*> lOHCOOH © »Orf rH © © CO CO CM © ^ © © TfC5 (NHIONO) © X © t- i> ©CO© © © CM © CO © ** (N M> C5 W IHHOOIO^ CM © CO rH CO rn* CM Sales and services of related activities a $111, 987 OOINOSIM© ©OINOSCO lO GO GO 00 ^ 00©^©© © CO CM rH © ©©kOCO*> © lO © rH ^ © i> © © kO ^ © 00 i> © © CM © © >-< rh © © CM © i> © CO i> rH 05 CM lO CM CM ^ CM CO © 00 CO CM © l> l> CO CO kO CM © rH co kO to cm" 00 H rH rH* i-H~ r-T r-T rH~ CM itional an Local govern¬ ments CO $61, 700 ©©©COCO l> © CM © © ©©©©© h © CO CM CO CO^l>COOO CM GO CO CO 00 CO ^ © © *-h CO X rH CO © © CM CO CO -* ^ © CM ^ CM r— ' lO »-h CO CM CM lOCMH^O m CO CO i> ©CM© ^ CO rH rH ^ H r-« CM Educi State govern¬ ments in $491, 636 ©CM©©© X © CM © •«* © © CO CM CO © kO CO © © © © CM © ©©COCO© CM r— < CO rH © kO © © CO ©lOtOH© *—» 00 X t> X i> CM l> X i> ^ © rx © CO kOkOCO ©CM Hxiot-H kO kO © CM © X Co" ©' © © *** kO kO COr I> kO kO CM kO (N H l> i> ©r ^ X CO kO kO 1— 1 COHHH 1-h CM i-h Federal Government For other purposes $216, 994 rx CO CM CO © lOCOlOX © ^CC©^H © X © ^ CM CO ^ © U- © CM © X *^kO©XkO X CM kO © © h © CO H CM CM © X ^ © ©^©kOH ©COt^©kO ©©lO©© ^kOkO©X CMl>©kO© H f-T rfT cm" rH rH ©* CM* CO r-T X H xV*^ CO r-T CM* H CM rH For veterans’ educa¬ tion n $307, 325 -J © © LO LQ © X © © * ^ © © kO ^ CM COH^OH kO CM *-h CM Student fees N $394, 610 4, 068 837 2,213 21,464 4,822 7,284 472 4, 464 6,698 706 28,007 10,845 6,942 4,891 4,224 3,878 2,054 5,591 28, 677 14,998 7,256 3,078 12,185 515 3,292 State - Continental United States Alabama . Arizona. . Arkansas- . California . . Colorado. . . Connecticut . Delaware . Florida . Georgia . Idaho. . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . .Kentucky. . Louisiana. . Maine. . Maryland. . Massachusetts . Michigan . . Minnesota . Mississippi . . Missouri . Montana . Nebraska . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION iOOOCO»OiO CO © GO lO 03 CM © © © iOkO^©iO CM CM CO © *> CM i> CO CO © 03 rH © © CO ©*>©^03 COOOCM *>UOCMOOiO O5*>CMC0hJ< rHO © ©*>rH rH CO J> CO *^ © »o © Ci CO *~h OOCOCO CO © ^ © © 03 03 lO 0303 © rH © OOrHCit^iO CO »0 rf< i> rf< © *> tP © CO *>03100300 iO©*>©^ *>00©COi> COCO CM i> rH OHCOHH i> ^ CO *> rH rH t> lO © 00 ^ © © l> CO© ^ rH rH 03 HH © CO © rH 03 © i> co © ^ to rH 00 i> rH T-Z 00* rH* CO 03* ^ l> i> 1> © © 00 ^ GO rH 00 00 C0*0 H ©* i> > rfT co* © io i> © i> CO © coco iO ©lO ©03 © © © 00 © 00 CO © 00 iO 03 rH 00 rH 05 *0 *> ^ rH Tf< CO GO rH rH rH lO i> rH O © ^ © Tp lO 00 05 *0 lO 00 © © 03 rH CO © *> iO 03 *> iO *> LO © i *> 00 © © CM 03 00 » 03 03 © rH rH ©©031003 OOJ>©rHCO © rH lO © CO © 03 © © l> rn03C0^l> ©CO©©© CO © 00 © © CO i> CO ^ rH 03 rH O CO © COCO 00 lO rH © © © © 03 *> CO rH *> © 03 00 © 00 © CO CO © rH i> ^ CO rH rH l> © CO CM © lO 03 rH 03 CO © i> © ^ 03 03 03 CO rH rH t ) © ^ © Tp ) CM 05 l> < 03 CO 03 03 i> © CO © CO rH 05 CM LO rH 03 T3< Tf 03 ^ 03 03 i> lO © 03 03 © © i> 03 CM rH rH lO CO ^ CM 00 © lO iO m © io rH rH © C0*>rHiOO3 0©HH( lO © © rH LO ^-O rH rH ’ t- Tf © co i> CO CM l> < 00 »0 03 ^ 03 -^ © rH l> C5 ^ © ( r-< ^ co 00 © iO©*^COiO i> © ’ rH CO © rH 05 00 00 © 00 © CM ^ ’ )rUOC0i> GO ^ *>03©©© 00 03 © «^ t- rHLOiOOOiO HHOOC3 © CO One i> lO t- CM CO^COOO© 001>©*>00 ©*>03©rH I © 03 l> 00 « 00 i> rH LO ) © Hfl © LO t> © CO rH rH h* rH CO CO hJ< 00 CO 03 03 rH rH CO © i> CO rH CM CO © CO lO 03 rH lO 00 i> © lO i *>* pH* ©* lO HLOCO rfT CM* 03* lO* LO 03* «-h CO CO* rH i> rH rH © LO CO 03 lO rH CO © CM 00 03 tr *> 00 © HjH *> rH 03 rH © CM rH rH t> CO CM CO r-H © rH CM rH © CO CM © H* © 03 CO 00 lO CM © CM © © © 00 CM © CO © *> rH -f< © CO rjH ©rf© ©*>rH © © lO © © oo©co a >> . a gg-a j tS J. « O - is o o o o o a a UQ hOQ > 5'2 ® « CO V •oro a ® Be SH 0 ^^OOO PhP3c«ccH !rSJ« {S— .‘5 S ^ a .2 a a s 39 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 3. — Current income, institutions of higher education, by State: 1949-50 — Continued B.— Publicly Controlled Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] Total current income 14 $1,238,945 25,909 9, 410 16, 274 150,575 23,363 9,962 3,028 26,492 21,783 8,303 60,309 48,822 38,271 31,867 18,298 24,420 5,496 17,962 10, 198 85,806 43,289 18,940 22,487 8, 108 15,525 Other non- educa- tional income CO $12,487 cit-wco'*1 © to 20,081 6,903 12,455 136,537 18,497 7,467 2,372 20,725 14,961 6,343 53,209 33,649 28,396 26,548 14,412 17,297 3,843 15,327 8, 111 66,648 33,014 13,202 18,972 5,738 11,451 Miscel¬ laneous sources © $14, 693 C0 0000 05 rH CD GO CO CM b- © SO © ph i> Tp CO CM Tp 00 CO CO ph © CM iQ © CM © ph CM CO 00 LO © © CM © CM © © t> lO © *—< CO CM lO r-H O CM pH CM CO LO © CM HHHH 05 rH HP Sales and services of related activities © $64, 290 — 'CMCMOOOO iOO^iOCO lOHOt >h CM 05 CO 05 O C5 "P *P LO 00 OO^CilO 05 CO 05 r-H C5 0 05 05 10 00 »0 © Hp CO *0 O CM lO CO Tf CM rH CO C CM C0^PCOO5H np CM CM lO CM CO *0 CO CM CM CM* CM ph hV««H CM* C5* CO pH rH Private gifts and grants 00 Tf co cf CO *«P CO pH CO CM © © CM pH 00 l> © © 00 pH S 00 © © >

ph GO © © 00 © CM HCD r- lO CM CM © IpCOh l> © © CM CO CM pH © © pH r-H lO 05 © CO lO pH : CM © ©pH rH Endow¬ ment earn¬ ings lO TP 00 00*" CM 00 © © lO fO © CJ rn CO © CM hP rP lO CO 1> lO CM i>©pHCMi> CO © Hp © *0 -pHpiOlO ©HplOi>PH pH CO pH pH © t^i>fc^PHCO CM LO CM CM PH 00C5PH Local govern¬ ments © $60, 389 CO © © 00 CO t*- © Hft © 05 © *P © © © pH©iOt^00 co © i> oc oo r-< 00 CO CO 00 CO pH 05 © p- 00 00 ph CO © © i> CM CO np rp Ci CM ^ Tp CM r-H lO pH CM r-H CM CO CM pH Hp © rH CM CO l> ©CM© np CO pH* PH* HfT rH* P-f CM State govern¬ ments in © 00 CO © ** 8,564 3,202 6,726 50,782 6,766 4,408 910 15,132 5,016 3,864 37,541 15,556 15, 897 12,002 5,283 12, 196 1,097 7, 102 4,698 27, 161 16,512 4,583 8,979 3,271 5,086 overnment For other purposes Tp M 00 00* s r-H CO CM pH © HpCOlOt>© 05 © 05 © 05 ©OOOOphCM hP C5 r— CM CO 05 CM LO CO © 00 lO © © LO GO CM CO tO CO p-< © © © CM CM pp lO "*P CO C5 "»P © -P 00 COCOi>cOcO 00 CM LO © © hPiogOcOCO CM t> i> lO © PH PH^H PH CO CM CO pH pH pH Pp CO pH pH PH CO Federal G For veterans’ educa¬ tion on $127, 232 ©IOPH00CM ©©i>t>CO ©©HPt-00 00©i>CM© CO 00 CM © © CO 00 ■'P © GO © iO hP © 00 -*PCO©00tP © CM lO ph © r- CM © CO CM CO © i> CO pH rPCOLO-^LO HpcOG5t^pH ©COCOTh^ 10©00©HP CO pH pH CM CO pH CM CO Pp LO CM CO CM ph CM ph GO COhCMhh Student fees N $102, 163 CM Pp p- »-H CO ©©©CO© © lO © l> CM pH ©© oc CO © CO 'P 00 pH lO CO CO CM t— © 00 © 00 © © CO pH Hp CM LO 00 00 © lO *P ^P 00 © PCOrf LOiO OOCOCMlOhP lO lO h tP © © 00 © 00 CO ph CM Tp CO © CM* ph©” CM* ph CO CM* CO CM* CO CM ph CM ©* CO CM CM ph IB £ State - Continental United States Alabama _ Arizona.- . Arkansas . California. _ Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware . Florida . Georgia . Idaho . Illinois . Indiana. . . . Iowa. . . Kansas . Kentucky . Louisiana. . . Maine _ Maryland.. . Massachusetts Michigan . . Minnesota . Mississippi. Missouri. Montana-.. . Nebraska . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 41 j 3 I > I 1 g. s s "E § > o O 1 Gn s 2 v S S .5 c 1 3 1 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 5 » S «i i £ p ° * & § ivt S - 5 •h Q <2 bg; ifg-s J* z c vO S 0>u § S g« .2 w .S 3 5 2 « fe-8 Hag g ” a a s h a O 'J 3 # v o y .223 Sjg s g. o t- X o Ci O OOlOCO^t- C3tOl>OCO ©©coco© COCOMCOH © l> CO © CO CO CM © rH 03 ©CO*OCMi> CO^^OO COr-KC3COl> 5 CO b- © >-i © CO CO l> CM •COCOl>rf< ^OOt--*fGO l>lOCO CMCMi>,-<03 © © CO *> CO ^OOhh OHOOIN ©©i>©© CO co cm Oio CM HHIOC5 (M CO (NCOOOIOO CiOiOiHCO ©©iOl>00 O CO CO nfi 1> (NCOi>UOlO OlOrf OIO CM CO l> © lO 100300 00 CUN CO H OrHCOiOCO 00 rH © CM CO h H lO CO cocooi>o O-^ClHOO OOOOHOO I CO CO CO coco I COCOCO »OHC5 *-• © to i> co lOCUXNOi C5(NOO(N OCOlOOlO rH COCOiOCO COOHCOH cmoo© H©CM 03 CO ic rH CO Ht-COCOO < »0 © CO *0 1>CM CO h*i CM GO r OOr-4^COiO (NHCOOCO hH i> rH CM CM CM Tf< rH rH © rH © CM OOCM©lOCM !-• O O i CM CM 00 i> © Tp CM © rH J>C0C3rHiO 03 CO O CM CO l> CO C3 CHXrHCl CO CM CO CO O ^ CM CM iOCMtP CO COCO rn Tf CO l> OC © 00 O b- 00 CM 03 ^ CO CO CM rH CO CO CM r? O CO O 03 CM 03 CM 03 i> 03 O CO CM CO Hp b- CM CM CO CO CO CO ^ O rH CO lO CO CO rH 03 rH "ft b- 03 *-h O JCMhhh pH CO b- ' CM O ' rH tP < ) GO ^ 03 b- CO © b* © Ht^COCOiO 03 tO CM i> LO UO ^ CO 03 l> CM i> CO rn CO l> © b- CM © lOCOi>COlO O CM O rniOLO rH CM tP 00 iO idO 00 rH CO CM CO 1-H cm lO O 03 rH co 00 CO rH ^0^03CM 03 CO O OOiOO^CO © CO *0 1> © LOHO iO i> CO H CC^rHCOb- lO LO o CM CM CM < OC3 03 ( CO rH Tf< ( CO CM CO ^rH rH CM Tp CO CO CO CM CO C3 > iO CO H O CO CM > rH rH O H CM © « rH CM bO CO 00 ^ co J>OOiO©iO COIOH^H ©©©CO© © CO ^ CM © C0rHlOl>CO rH 00 b- rH © a g 8 £■« a 9 g o g -2 © ^•S’2’3’0 .a o> ; ‘ ..#c3 g £2j'Sc c oj“»S "-a O cS 53' ® 5 5 a c ^ J i 41 * O. g.S-rf gjj .Sd.3 3.SP |Sg-3 .2 o l^So-3 S ao a t- g'3 a es.a .5.2. 2 o-g ESSE* 1 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 43 COOO- 00 CO 00 © > © CO r-H t- < lO ^ CO CO C^OOOf-'CO ooco^cot^ rH©r-tlO © *—< -hJ< © 00 ^ 1C CO GO CO ) 1-^ © iO © rH ^ CO CO CO ' l> tJi r-( (M CO rHN©lClO ©COlO^^ >-H OOiOt^iO© © i> CO r-H !>©©© iO*^CO©CO CO © © © ©iO(M00 i> © © »-h iO CM © »— < lO iO »^ © T? ^ ^ 00 © CO CO CCrHlN r— ' CO ' CO ^ © cococo »o ^ COCO l> J> © CO h CO iO © © © CO r-t CO CO CO CO lO i-i lO i> r-i h CQ rH I-H « CO «-H CO CO > 00 © © rH (N i> lO © CO H CO r-H r-H 00 00 lO CO^©iO HH ©co io©iocorH CO CO r-^ co »-» coco© ©©©^© 1C CO © CO © iO rH r-H ji} 3 a § P* 2^ C UQ j C ti • 111? j £3<5fi3 e^1 w TO ; O' _ g & £ & ■g’g.^^g3 S’o’i'p § x’S S’S’I S.2 >» » ^OOO £tfcoc«H £££ 5 '3> d bi *o >11 S is£ ® GO *■> In w rt os Cl*-* Sw CO •£® p 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education , by type , control , and State: 1949-50 [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] State Total for all institu¬ tions Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges Junior colleges and normal schools Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly con¬ trolled Pri¬ vately con¬ trolled Publicly con¬ trolled Pri¬ vately con¬ trolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States $528, 747 $298, 143 '$123, 984 $78, 292 $792 $23, 554 S4, 002 4, 121 2,859 840 422 4,859 1, 891 2,957 11 4, 143 2,340 12 1,513 268 10 89, 630 76,733 3, 785 9,024 88 6,853 3, 190 2, 754 490 348 71 14, 208 10,070 1, 138 3,000 '516 516 Florida . 3,533 1,835 1,544 154 3,945 1,881 1,628 375 61 2,364 2,251 73 5 35 Illinois . 45,066 24,467 10,409 9, 105 397 412 276 8,772 5,747 2,579 441 5 5,591 3, 672 1,031 700 3 185 6,938 4,586 753 1,373 226 3| 625 1, 180 1,712 592 141 2,517 1,572 945 576 299 162 6 109 Maryland. . . . 11,964 7,056 3,007 1,863 38 Massachusetts 10, 469 2, 196 8, 219 54 Michigan . . 20,403 11,023 2,838 3,906 2, 606 30 Minnesota .. 15,354 10,301 1,603 3, 100 350 Mississippi . . 5,944 2,762 344 2,525 289 24 Missouri. . . . .. 8,266 2,724 3,234 1, 634 674 Montana... 1,771 916 3 371 481 Nebraska. . . 2,396 1,571 420 344 15 15 31 Nevada. 98 98 New Hampshire.... 465 173 43 140 109 New Jersey.. 3,522 13 3,302 207 New Mexico 858 761 97 New York.._ . 28,877 4,584 13,487 9,006 30 1,523 247 North Carolina. .. . 21,380 8,861 2,384 9,877 258 North Dakota _ 4,791 3,653 759 379 Ohio . 18,415 13, 625 4,790 Oklahoma 14,999 10,679 1,768 2,044 508 Oregon . . 7,669 5,752 315 683 897 22 Pennsylvania _ 25, 243 23,840 1,316 87 Rhode Island _ j . . 1,504 1,000 504 South Carolina 2,210 1,370 803 37 South Dakota . 2, 143 1,348 168 596 . . 31 Tennessee _ 6, 586 3, 819 1, 746 927 94 Texas..- . . . 55,210 32,599 8,673 7,822 5,989 127 TTtnh 1,745 387 1,080 278 Vermont- _ _ 401 331 70 Virginia 7,517 5,540 398 1,395 184 Washington 9, 610 7,803 812 920 75 West Virginia . __ . 6,873 3,250 804 2,819 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ 14,943 7,338 2,025 5,544 36 Wyoming 1,852 1,852 District of Columbia _ 8,012 7,658 354 _ _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States 1, 688 1, 665 23 — Alaska _ 174 174 Hawaii 177 177 Puerto Rico 1,337 1,314 23 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 45 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education , by source and by State: 1949-50 A.— All Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] State Fed¬ eral Gov¬ ern¬ ment State govern¬ ments County or dis¬ trict govern¬ ments Church Found¬ ations and cor¬ pora¬ tions Indi¬ vidu¬ als Trans¬ fers from cur¬ rent funds Other sources Total (all sources) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States $12, 358 $283, 920 $19,373 $8, 088 $22, 741 j $41, 791 $60, 582 $79, 894 $528, 747 Alabama . 48 961 23 38 130 437 1,760 724 4, 121 14 4, 684 11 291 _ 121 4, 859 62 1, 174 8 1, 429 1,470 4, 143 California. . . . 114 74,034 6,505 262 559 1,428 3,536 3, 192 89, 630 Colorado . . 333 1,553 196 40 206 413 731 3,381 6,853 6,210 1 387 611 6,999 14,208 500 1 15 516 232 5 96 421 170 1, 207 1,402 3,533 Georgia. . 51 93 350 70 1, 154 241 1,723 263 3,945 1 1,601 63 9 40 650 2,364 Illinois . 300 30,331 421 1,026 1, 881 1,311 4,554 5,242 45,066 27 1,641 43 294 1, 828 2, 270 2, 669 8, 772 2,497 1 359 61 440 1,417 816 5,591 5,427 27 231 650 210 393 6,938 528 96 33 1, 189 1, 148 631 3, 625 559 311 332 1,297 18 2, 517 135 6 165 4 187 79 576 Marvland 16 6,962 101 899 2,309 1, 677 11,964 Massachusetts _ _ _ 2, 196 25 1, 272 4, 097 1, 691 1, 193 10, 469 Michigan _ 2,516 4, 147 183 l’ 261 l] 476 5[ 016 5| 804 2o\ 403 Minnesota . 410 10,513 738 199 1, 050 1, 023 1,421 15,354 Mississippi _ ... 3,304 103 26 75 314 406 1,716 5, 944 Missouri . 150 3, 180 1, 103 211 1,282 1, 156 1, 184 8, 266 M ont.ana 1,534 4 12 42 179 1,771 Nebraska 1,414 100 129 145 114 487 7 2,396 Nevada 50 48 98 New Hampshire . 140 . 44 268 13 465 New Jersey... .. n 704 15 335 1, 443 664 350 3,522 New Mexico .. 123 44 49 375 267 858 New York.. 2 11,072 4,133 46 2,573 1,757 7,409 1,885 28,877 North Carolina. _ 10 18,459 193 310 1, 240 804 364 21,380 North Dakota . . 3,972 2 817 4, 791 Ohio . 1,084 11,463 282 94 1,038 2,328 1, 196 930 18,415 Oklahoma. _ 208 11,622 222 23 990 894 1, 040 14, 999 Oregon . . . 6,585 5 61 2 300 128 588 7,669 Pennsylvania. 100 4,813 250 1,009 7,219 3,566 8,286 25, 243 Rhode Island. _ 1, 000 389 82 33 1, 504 South Carolina _ 1,263 . 128 . 159 339 258 63 2, 210 South Dakota . 1,944 168 1 20 10 2, 143 Tennessee 3, 746 316 94 916 1, 162 352 6, 586 Texas . . 1,800 12,383 2,963 300 8,007 4, 181 4,872 20,704 55,210 Utah... _. .. 178 283 825 128 140 191 1, 745 Vermont. _ 40 137 224 401 Virginia . 6,214 . 28 . 52 228 475 520 7,517 Washington 1,093 5,210 8 24 1,283 1, 054 938 9, 610 West Virginia _ 5,683 22 2 537 603 26 6,873 Wisconsin . . 395 12,374 585 680 97 783 29 14,943 Wyoming. . . . 1,265 33 554 1,852 District of Columbia _ 5,719 81 157 177 1,283 595 8,012 Outlying parts — of the United States— . . 4 1,314 9 332 29 1, 688 Alaska . 146 28 174 Hawaii _ _ 4 76 . 3 88 6 177 Puerto Rico. _ 1,092 6 216 23 1,337 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 5. — Plant fund receipts, institutions of higher education, by source and by State: 1949-50 — Continued B.— Publicly Controlled Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted ] State Fed¬ eral Gov¬ ern¬ ment State govern¬ ments County or dis¬ trict gov¬ ern¬ ments Church Found¬ ations and cor¬ pora¬ tions Indi¬ vidu¬ als Trans¬ fers from cur¬ rent funds Other sources Total (all sources) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States $5, 907 $279, 224 $19,373 $7 $9, 943 $3, 372 $31,280 $50, 883 $399, 989 48 961 23 11 5 1,509 724 3, 281 14 4, 684 11 29 121 4, 859 62 1,174 1, 419 1,466 4, 121 39 74,033 471 2, 004 2,705 85, 757 333 1,553 196 135 205 188 1, 418 4, 028 6, 210 6 860 13, 070 500 1 15 516 232 5 96 50 250 1, 202 1, 835 93 350 202 3 1,560 48 2, 256 1, 601 40 650 2,291 1 30,327 421 42 2, 179 1,014 33,984 1, 641 41 1,931 2,575 6, 188 2,497 1 1,318 559 4,375 5,427 27 26 87 392 5,959 528 24 917 303 1, 772 559 1,013 1,572 135 6 2 162 305 6,962 1,995 8,957 Massachusetts. ... 2, 196 2, 196 Michigan . 2,516/ 4, 147 550 1,007 4,261 5,054 17,535 Minnesota . 410 10,513 146 921 1,411 13,401 Mississippi . 3,304 103 75 378 1,716 5,576 Missouri 3, 180 336 842 4,358 Montana . 1,534 4 11 40 179 1,768 Nebraska . 1,414 100 11 16 389 1,930 Nevada . 50 48 98 New Hampshire . 140 173 313 New Jersey . . 13 13 New Mexico 123 44 49 375 267 858 New York . 10, 625 4, 133 . 355 15, 113 North Carolina . 10 18,459 50 215 4 18,738 North Dakota . 3,972 2 817 4,791 Ohio . 1,084 11,463 282 376 106 212 102 13,625 Oklahoma. 208 11,622 50 763 588 13,231 Oregon . 6, 585 5 149 67 526 7,332 Pennsylvania 1,273 43 1,316 Rhode Island 1, 000 1,000 South Carolina . 1, 263 107 1,370 South Dakota 1,944 1,944 T ennessee 3,746 915 85 4,746 Texas . 1, 800 12,383 2,963 7,765 767 3,409 17,323 46,410 Utah 178 283 14 140 50 665 Vermont Virginia . 6, 214 7 46 168 500 6,935 Washington _ . „ 1,093 5, 210 1 800 776 918 8,798 West Virginia 5,683 386 6,069 Wisconsin. . 395 12,374 110 3 12,882 Wyoming 1,265 33 554 1,852 District of Columbia _ Outlying parts === ==== ===== === — 1 ===== ===== ===== ==== of the United States _ _ 4 1, 314 — 9 — 332 6 1,665 Alaska. 146 28 174 Hawaii . 4 76 § 88 6 177 Puerto Rico. . . 1,092 _ 6 216 1,314 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 47 Table 5’ — Plant fund receipts , institutions of higher education, by source and by State: 1949-50 — Continued C.— Privately Controlled Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] State Fed¬ eral Gov¬ ern¬ ment State gov¬ ern¬ ments County or dis¬ trict gov¬ ern¬ ments Church Foun¬ dations and cor¬ pora¬ tions Indi¬ vidu¬ als Trans¬ fers from cur¬ rent funds Other sources Total (all sources) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States $6, 451 $4, 696 _ $8, 081 $12,798 $38,419 $29, 302 $29,011 $128, 758 38 119 432 251 840 _ . 10 4 22 75 1 262 . 88 1,428 1,532 487 3,873 40 71 208 543 1,963 2,825 1 387 611 139 1,138 . 371 . 170 . 957 . 200 . 1, 698 51 . 70 952 238 163 215 1, 689 Idaho . 1 63 9 73 Illinois 299 4 1,026 1,839 1,311 2,375 4,228 94 11,082 27 43 294 1, 787 339 2, 584 359 61 440 99 257 1, 216 231 624 123 1 979 96 33 1, 165 231 328 1,853 311 332 284 18 945 163 4 25 79 271 Maryland. _ . . 16 101 899 314 1,677 3,007 Massachusetts _ . 20 1, 272 4, 097 1,691 1, 193 8,273 Michigan . . . 183 711 469 755 750 2,868 Minnesota. _ _ 738 53 1,050 314 102 10 1,953 Mississippi . . 26 28 368 Missouri . . 150 1,103 211 1,282 820 342 3,908 Montana . 1 2 3 Nebraska _ . 129 134 98 98 7 466 Nevada. _ — — New Hampshire.- . 44 . . 95 New Jersey. . - . 704 . i'5 . 1,443 664 337 3,509 New Mexico _ New York. . 2 447 . 46 2, 573 i, 757 7,054 T , 885 so CO North Carolina. _ 193 310 1, 190 589 360 2,642 North Dakota . . . Ohio. _ 94 . ‘662 2,222 . 984 828 Oklahoma _ 222 23 940 131 452 1,768 Oregon 61 2 151 61 62 337 Pennsylvania..... 100 3,540 250 1,009 7,219 3,523 8,286 23,927 Rhode Island— _ _ 389 82 33 504 South Carolina. _ 128 159 339 151 63 840 South Dakota. _ 168 1 20 10 199 Tennessee _ _ _ 316 94 916 247 267 1,840 Texas _ 300 242 3,414 1,463 3,381 141 8,800 Utah. 825 114 1,080 Vermont _ 40 137 224 401 Virginia 21 . ~*52 182 307 20 582 Washington— _ _ 8 23 483 278 20 812 West Virginia _ 22 2 537 217 26 804 Wisconsin _ 585 680 97 673 26 2,061 Wyoming. _ District of Columbia. _ 5,719 81 157 177 1,283 595 8,012 Outlying part of the United States _ _ 23 _ .23 . Puerto Rico _ _ 23 . 23 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowments and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education, by source and State: 1949-50 A.— All Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] State Endowment funds Annuity funds Student loan funds Other nonex¬ pend¬ able funds Pri¬ vate gifts and grants Other sources Total Pri¬ vate gifts and grants Other sources Total Pri¬ vate gifts and grants Other sources Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States $62, 829 $35, 717 $98, 546 $2, 472 $681 $3, 153 $1, 549 $680 $2, 229 $13, 004 164 109 273 13 13 87 87 5 5 10 _ 1 Arkansas... . - . . 71 12 83 10 . 15 26 10 36 4 California... . 3, 118 2,114 5,232 851 1 852 83 24 107 1,267 196 73 269 1 1 10 5 15 2,044 1 2,045 1 19 20 3 3 72 3 75 . . 42 . 60 50 Georgia . . 1,262 3,210 4,472 14 4 18 96 58 154 26 302 303 7 7 10 10 Illinois. _ . . 4,137 2,917 7,054 232 134 366 37 33 70 84 Indiana . . 1,244 84 1,328 164 10 174 267 2 269 127 Iowa _ 301 219 520 51 4 55 24 6 30 135 68 17 85 19 19 8 3 11 8 Kentucky... _ . . 1,946 131 2,077 147 9 156 22 9 31 76 147 81 228 6 6 9 10 19 3 1,702 60 1,762 1 1 — Maryland. . 1,036 120 1, 156 26 7 33 8 1 9 Massachusetts . . 22, 197 1,380 23,577 159 110 269 12 76 88 5,867 Michigan- . 1,018 280 1,298 27 27 97 6 103 72 Minnesota . 784 51 835 7 1 8 52 19 71 15 Mississippi . . 145 1 146 1 1 7 7 43 Missouri. . . 2,276 25 2,301 40 40 172 19 191 35 Montana _ _ 55 55 . _....l Nebraska . 200 200 116 116 . 5 5 10 9 Nevada. . . . 73 13 86 New Hampshire 433 4 437 3 9 . 12 New Jersey. _ 1,424 2,105 3.529 37 1 38 3 13 16 109 New Mexico . . 72 72 1 1 New York. . . 6,926 6,070 12,996 226 287 513 21 126 147 3,581 North Carolina _ _ 1, 198 1,816 3,014 8 8 25 33 58 30 North Dakota . 30 6 36 3 5 8 Ohio . 898 434 1,332 100 100 108 16 124 715 Oklahoma 404 171 575 5 5 3 10 13 3 Oregon.. 76 17 93 5 5 47 11 58 1 Pennsylvania _ 3,377 2,260 5,637 145 10 155 50 61 111 248 Rhode Island _ _ 257 12 269 22 5 27 1 5 6 67 South Carolina 370 39 409 5 5 14 7 21 South Dakota _ _ 15 15 5 5 1 1 2 Tennessee . — . 640 272 912 7 1 8 17 17 34 252 Texas _ _ 639 9,925 10,564 19 6 25 72 35 107 23 Utah. _ 8 6 14 1 3 4 Vermont- . 38 38 1 1 94 Virginia . . . 1,006 544 1,550 21 3 24 7 17 24 34 Washington 53 87 140 22 22 23 23 2 West Virginia _ _ 16 3 19 2 2 1 1 Wisconsin 574 218 792 15 15 28 1 29 6 Wyoming 112 112 2 2 5 District of Columbia- 240 281 521 44 44 _ Outlying parts of the United States.— . . 87 168 255 2 1 3 . . Hawaii 84 2 86 Puerto Rico _ 3 166 169 2 1 3 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 49 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowments and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education: 1949-50 B.— Publicly Controlled Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] State Endc Pri¬ vate gifts and grants iwment 1 Other sources unds Total An Pri¬ vate gifts and grants nuity fui Other sources ads Total Studei Pri¬ vate gifts and grants it loan fi Other sourses inds Total Other nonex¬ pend¬ able funds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States $4, 416 $12, 935 $17, 351 $57 $28 $85 $435 $246 $681 $630 103 103 13 13 87 87 5 5 10 1 1 5 5 7 7 1,054 1,458 2,512 51 51 40 9 49 450 25 21 46 6 5 11 2 2 4 3 7 20 7 27 20 81 101 1 1 62 45 107 1 302 303 7 7 7 3 10 2 2 4 100 77 177 10 10 13 2 15 64 1 58 4 4 4 17 21 6 3 9 410 410 7 5 12 5 5 199 9 208 1 1 Maryland. . 160 36 196 Massachusetts . 12 12 Michigan- . 330 81 411 5 5 45 1 46 Minnesota . 649 13 662 6 14 20 7 Mississippi . 4 4 7 7 Missouri . 50 6 56 6 16 22 Montana. . 54 54 Nebraska . 2 2 1 4 5 7 Nevada 73 13 86 New Hampshire 14 4 18 1 9 10 New Jersev. . New Mexico . 72 72 1 1 New York _ _ 201 6 207 2 2 N orth Carolina 55 6 61 2 27 29 North Dakota . 3 4 7 Ohio _ . 51 83 134 5 5 10 Oklahoma . 2 75 77 1 9 10 Oregon- . 65 15 80 32 7 39 Pennsylvania 1 6 7 Rhode Island _ _ 1 1 South Carolina 128 128 12 i" 13 South Dakota 1 1 Tennessee. . 2 2 10 10 Texas _ _ 105 9,538 9,643 39 18 57 i Utah . 3 5 8 3 3 Vermont. . 7 7 1 1 94 Virginia . . 470 467 937 2 11 13 Washington _ 23 73 96 4 4 2 West Virginia _ Wisconsin . . . 182 . 138 . 320 . 12 . 1 . 13 Wyoming . . 112 112 2 2 5 District of Columbia Outlying parts — — — — - ^ - - of the United States. _ 87 168 255 1 1 2 Hawaii . 84 2 86 Puerto Rico. ... 3 166 169 1 1 2 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 6. — Receipts specifically designated for additions to endowments and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education , by source and State: 1949-50 — Continued C.— Privately Controlled Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] Endowment funds Annuity funds Student loan funds Other State Pri¬ vate gifts and grants Other sources Total Pri¬ vate gifts and grants Other sources Total Pri¬ vate gifts and grants Other sources Total nonex¬ pend¬ able funds 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States $58, 413 $22, 782 $81, 195 $2, 415 $653 $3, 068 $1,114 $434 $1,548 $12, 374 164 6 170 - _ 71 12 83 "io . 10 . 26 29 2,064 171 656 2,720 223 800 1 801 43 15 58 817 52 1 1 4 4 2,044 1 2,045 1 19 20 1 1 Florida . 68 68 22 11 33 50 1,242 3, 129 4,371 13 4 17 34 13 47 26 7 7 3 3 4, 130 1, 144 300 2,914 7 7,044 1, 151 462 232 134 366 35 31 66 84 164 164 254 254 63 162 51 4 55 24 2 26 135 64 64 19 19 2 2 8 1,536 147 131 1,667 228 147 9 156 15 4 19 76 81 6 6 9 5 14 3 Maine ...... 1,503 51 1,554 960 Maryland 876 84 26 7 33 8 1 9 12 Massachusetts 22,185 688 1,380 199 23,565 887 159 110 269 12 76 88 5,867 72 Michigan „ . 22 22 52 5 57 Minnesota. 135 38 173 7 1 8 46 5 51 8 Mississippi. . . 141 1 142 1 1 43 Missouri 2,226 19 2,245 40 40 . . 3 169 35 Montana _ _ 1 1 . 1 Nebraska . 198 198 116 116 4 1 5 2 Nevada. New Hampshire 419 419 2 . :i New Jersey .. . 1,424 2,105 3,529 37 1 38 3 13 16 109 New Mexico New York 6,725 1,143 6,064 1,810 6 12,789 2,953 36 226 287 513 19 126 145 3,581 30 North Carolina™ . 8 8 23 6 29 North Dakota. 30 1 1 Ohio... . . 847 351 1, 198 100 100 103 11 114 715 Oklahoma. 402 96 498 5 5 2 1 3 3 Oregon- . 11 2 13 5 5 15 4 19 1 Pennsylvania. 3,377 257 2,260 12 5,637 269 145 10 155 49 55 104 248 Rhode Island 22 5 27 5 5 67 South Carolina . . 242 39 281 5 5 2 6 8 South Dakota . 15 15 5 5 1 1 Tennessee 640 270 387 910 921 7 1 8 17 7 24 252 Ter as ... . ........ _ 534 19 6 25 33 17 50 22 Utah _ 5 1 6 1 1 Vermont. 31 31 Virginia . . . 536 77 613 21 3 24 5 6 11 34 Washington. _ 30 14 44 22 22 19 19 West Virginia _ _ 16 3 19 2 2 1 1 Wisconsin . . 392 80 472 15 15 16 16 6 Wyoming . . . District of Columbia- 240 281 521 44 44 Outlying part of the United States _ 1 1 . . — — — . . . . Puerto Rico. _ 1 1 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 51 Tables 7-9, which appear on the succeeding pages, are devoted to data on expenditures and property of institutions of higher education. Table 7 presents State and National data on current expenditures of institutions of higher education classified by type of control. Table 8 presents State and National data on plant fund expenditures of institutions of higher education classified by type of control and by nature of organization or curriculum. Table 9 presents State and National data on property of institutions of higher education classified by type of control. Table 7. — Current expenditures , institutions of higher education , by State: 1949-50 A.— All Institutions [Financial data in thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted] 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Expen¬ ditures for plant expan¬ sion 13 $416,831 ©©©t-® co © © ■*? iO MCO O '-ci Total current expendi¬ tures 12 $2, 245, 661 29,737 9,379 17,712 203,867 31, 109 34,065 3,309 32,535 33,282 8,315 163,109 69,379 49,999 32,260 27, 257 35, 149 9,411 39,589 113,671 98,369 53,948 21,425 51,362 7,991 20, 639 Other nonedu- cational expenses 11 $62, 816 HOXNCOOJ OOCOCO»OCJ 05 pH CO m © © © © © l> © (N CO t- CO l> ^ t> '•3* CO -«*p-<©©CO 00©© ^C^OOCO© c-*©10 lO-HOH ©00^©© t- © © l> OWNHO CO CO Cl pH in pH pH CO pH pH pH cooi* PH PH Educations Exten¬ sion w $86,674 COr^pHl^CO CO kO © GO pH C5^©HH kO©C0pHpH l^kOt^COOO CO © © CO ©^^-tco 00 © l> © ©©kO©© kO © Cl H © ©«^©iOCO *> kC(M00©OI ©OCUCN Cl l> CJ kO © 00 ^ © U- kOCO©©kO © CO ^ © ci i-ilOCO M MN ©lO-flNM CO IM CO 05 -J'l—lO r-c State - Continental United States Alabama. . . Arizona . . . . Arkansas . . . California . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware. . Florida . Georgia — . . Idaho _ Illinois. . . Indiana . . . Iowa_ . Kansas . Kentucky. . Louisiana . Maine . Maryland. . Massachusetts. . Michigan . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi . Missouri... . Montana . . Nebraska . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 53 81 1,924 2,909 4,990 21,320 15,552 1,705 23,375 12,890 5,921 22,284 1,098 1,935 1,608 8,518 35,889 1,625 430 8,370 10,772 3,954 7,349 2,502 2,301 86 1 5 o : co i 185 1, 196 11I8§ SS8I8 888" sill! Ill s sj 14, 280 1,042 91 4,268 8,879 "2323 23° 8 2 £8383 3*833 IIIs; 35388 Is” 1 ci 00 H N CO »-« rH ,-T r-T 1, 229 00 ss sISsS 1218; sills §1111 338 1 § 8 CO II CO ^ jfj CO <© »-■ OS lO CO O* O* C5 05 »-H iO §8353 83S8§ SSiSS 31585 111 1 1 1 898 91 3,628 6,852 ~*“S®g g50;^ gs^gg a 2 -§!§ Ilsls 88838 S5888 8SS 8 o’ «’ w — ■* ■* -* co -* 5 §3 §1 “SS§5 51112 SSSfii Hill 111 1 1 2 127 12 217 780 ^ *"* £5 ^ o co * r- OJ .-hi- — CO i ft s 151 16 620 928 173 303 3,473 700 24,931 3,222 579 3, 190 1,564 1,653 8,792 603 723 329 1,527 4, 180 1,478 355 1,828 3,276 672 4,044 418 1,249 i c'T iO £ CO o 592 3,569 , 13.465 3,447 96,828 16,436 3,331 36,361 12,085 7,273 46,098 4, 171 6,554 3, 104 13,013 35,609 5,786 2,762 12,011 14,666 6,295 17,608 1,578 9,614 8,019 1 202 48 1,490 2,686 §1115 85i8§ sills 55888 i>el 1 i 1, 407 105 12 319 971 ~ ■'f « CO OMh OJ i— » i— CO CO — < cocsi 1-1 co *o — h a Ulll II: 'Z’Zi Jill j 'll 4 1 11 ■3 s Ci g 3 h “ 8 igl j iiil W II- M lull Hill III I 8 Jail B.— Publicly Controlled Institutions [Financial data in thousantls of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted ] 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Expen¬ ditures for plant expan¬ sion $276,071 5,042 3,000 3,123 32,438 3,392 7,986 360 7,838 2,349 2,963 14,823 8, 185 5,769 3,494 1,025 3,563 1,461 5,743 2,994 13,529 11,215 3,347 5,617 1,404 2,137 Total current expendi¬ tures M $1, 153, 528 22,302 8,977 14,274 140,633 21,977 9,687 2,855 20,849 20,771 7,374 54,600 44,964 35,571 26,971 17,985 24,385 5,320 16,912 9,791 82,929 39,897 18,639 19,561 7,442 14,949 Other nonedu- cational expenses s $19, 961 H l> CO O M O 05 O 00 rH i-H b- © © © © to 1C 00 tO 05©^ ©t>© tJ< CO 00 © rH © ©COO* lOOOtOCOOO kOCO©^^ COCOtOOfN © to to to Tf< CO CO Tjh © COl>rHCOTf< ©C0©00«> ©cot^©rH c^Tf to to i> © ©©■<*©© t}< oi CO ci Tf« tO© Tf< h © © CO CQ CO © rH t* © rH CO t^CO © Tf< (N rH © © © 00 © rH rH © ©Tf© © © © Tj< HHHOH rH (NHH © CO ©rHkO © © t> N H © CO rH CO l> rH © oo © l> 00 00 © ^ 00 © tOOOtOH© ©Tj<©tOCO l> N © 00 tO 00 00©COfr* rH CO © Tf< 00 © tJ< rH tO l> © rH © OHOWC5 C^t^COtO© ©00 00 to 00 t^CO^CO^ ^HCQtOtO CO©©CO© CO © 'rf © © oioco'ft- cseoe-jooi-i SO t- I-H CS 00 OOCOOCOSO HOHt-rH (M^OSt-OS ©(NlOCOOS rH r-Tt-*^r Hri lo'cOeirHrH *$< © rH 00 © l> CM 00 05 rH © rH © © rH i-< © © rH 00 to © (M©CO(M0D CM i> ^ © ©CO © r? iO r- CO CMCM00©iO © © r-* ^ H H CO* r-T to* rH Auxiliary enter¬ prises and activities 10 888 ‘om 2,657 103 1,258 14, 142 2,791 3, 187 154 3,131 3,236 257 17,405 8, 117 4, 657 1,514 3,734 2,908 1,384 2,696 21, 125 3,512 5,250 812 7,525 155 1,740 Total educa¬ tional and general $808, 390 CM LO ^ GO QO©COCOOO ©(N05?0 00 © 05 © CM l> U- •** i> CO ^ 1C 05 J> 00 oo" 05 CO lO O* © l >H oo’ rH CO CO ^ rH 00 rH Hj>H 5 2,783 99 288 © *> 00 to CO CM CO *-• 00 00 00 C0 ^ 00 LO lO l> b» H H (N Ot'HCOOO COCOtOl>© HIOOOO LO CO © CO LO 00 o 00 N 'S> l^LOOOiOOO OOOCOCOOO (Nt^t^^CO r-<^05Tj tO CO»-< ^ r-T rH CM* CM* ducational Exten¬ sion m $11, 697 1 h : CO j ! 388 7 6 9 11 19 1 12 376 E Organ¬ ized research $109, 717 42 5 8,899 293 2,539 © CO ^ to ; ! : h t> :cnrH © l> ^ rH © © 00 tO © CC CO © CO CO tO 00 © 00 LO CC -H H Tf c. O O H Tj( lO l> O 05 c c i> to iO ^lOH COXhOh © ^ © © © ©cooo i> t>* h CM* H H h CM !M* H r-T CO* eral security agency Office of Education Chapter 5 of the Biennial Survey, relating to 1948-49, has been printed in advance of Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4, which will relate to 1949-50. All chapters will be printed in the order in which they are completed. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1948-50 Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects Statistical aspects of study executed by Mabe*l C. Rice, Survey Statistician , under the general direction of Robert C. Story, Head, Technical Services Unit, Research and Statistical Service Text prepared by J. Dan Hull, Assistant Director, and Grace S. Wright, Research Assistant , Division of Elementary and Secondary Schools FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1951 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents FOREWORD is the tenth survey by the Office of Education of offer¬ ings and enrollments in high -school subjects. The first sur¬ vey covered the school year 1889-90; the most recent survey covered the school year 1938-34; the present survey covers the school year 1948-49. Between the present survey and the most recent one lies a gap of 15 years — too wide for comfort, but ex¬ plained by the Great Depression of the 30’s and the dislocation during and after World War II. The present study differs from its predecessors in several respects: (1) In addition to the traditional presentation of data for all public secondary day schools, by State, the present report supplies certain data by type of secondary school (junior high school, regular, etc.). (See tables 1, 2, and 4.) (2) The list of subjects for which data are given has been expanded. This expansion arises, in small part, from somewhat greater detail in the classification of subjects; in this connection, particular attention may be called to the replacement of the single category, "Industrial Subjects,” by the two subject fields, "In¬ dustrial Arts — Non vocational” and "Trade and Industrial Edu¬ cation — Vocational.” Mainly, however, the expansion in the list of subjects arises from the recognition by today’s schools that the more or less standard college-preparatory curriculum of the past is no longer adequate for all pupils; and that a richly varied curricular offering is essential to meet the varied needs of today’s high-school pupils. (3) The present study does not include data for the outlying parts of the United States (Alaska, Canal Zone, Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands). Ill IT FOREWORD (4) On the statistical -methodological side, two innovations have been introduced: (a) Because the number of public second¬ ary day schools, including junior high schools, is now so great (upward of 24,000), it was necessary to make partial use of a sampling procedure. Requests were mailed to each school with a total enrollment of 500 or more (according to Office of Educa¬ tion records as of 1945-46) ; and to a random 50 percent sample of schools with a total enrollment of fewer than 500. The re¬ turns from the latter group of schools were, of course, doubled to take care of the sampling factor. ( b ) Adjustment was made for nonresponse by schools that had been requested to supply data but failed to do so. The method of adjustment is described in the text of this report. The present report on secondary school offerings and enroll¬ ments attempts to preserve whatever historical values may reside in the survey; but the reader is warned that the historical conclusions to be gleaned from the survey are occasionally pre¬ carious. Subjects which have retained the same title over the years may change in content, in emphasis, in method of instruc¬ tion, and in integration with other subjects or with daily living; while a new subject may really differ only slightly from a previous subject of a different name. The main purpose of this survey is to report the present facts, rather than to provide a fully comparable, historical series. The present report will prove useful not only to students of the secondary school curriculum, but also to the segments of commerce and industry concerned with furnishing secondary schools with necessary supplies and equipment. Textbook pub¬ lishers, in particular, have shown great interest in the kind of information provided by the present report. The Office of Education is deeply grateful to the thousands of secondary school principals who supplied the data on which the present report is based. Without their intelligent and willing cooperation, this report could not have been prepared. Ralph C. M. Flynt, Director , Division of Special Educational Services. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief , Research and Statistical Service. Galen Jones, Director , Division of Elementary and Secondary Schools. CONTENTS Text Page FOREWORD . hi SCOPE AND METHOD OF THE STUDY . 1 READING THE TABLES . 3 OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN SUBJECT FIELDS English . 6 Social studies . 8 Core curriculum . 10 Science . 13 Mathematics . 15 Foreign languages . 16 Industrial arts — nonvocational . 18 Trade and industrial education — vocational . 19 Business education . 21 Home economics . 22 Agriculture . 24 Health, safety, and physical education . 24 Music . 25 Art . 25 Other instruction or courses . 26 SUMMARY . 26 APPENDIX . 109 Text Table I. Enrollment in core programs in public secondary day schools, and enrollment in specified subject fields in such programs, by type of organization of high school, and by State, 1948-49 . 12 Basic Tables 1. Total enrollment of pupils in public secondary day schools, by type of organization, and by State, 1948-49 . 29 2. Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States, 1948-49 (public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization) . 30 3. Secondary school enrollment, by State, in subjects offered in 15 or more States, 1948-49 (all public secondary day schools) . 42 V VI CONTENTS Page 4. Enrollment in uncommon subjects in public secondary day schools, by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948-49 . . 86 5. Percentage of pupils, by State, taking subjects taught in last 4 years of public secondary day schools and offered in 15 or more States, 1948-49 . 100 6. Percentage of pupils, by State, enrolled in certain subject fields, 1948-49 (all public secondary day schools) . 106 7. Number and percentage of pupils enrolled in certain subjects in the last 4 years of public secondary day schools, 1889-90 to 1948-49 . 107 Offerings and Enrollments in High- School Subjects 1 Scope and Method of Study r|^HE 19H8-49 SURVEY of offerings and enrollments in high-school subjects was designed to provide information concerning (a) the sub¬ jects offered in public high schools; ( b ) the number of pupils taking each subject; and (c) trends in subject enrollments as compared with the last survey of the kind which was made in 1933-34. Principals were asked to report data for the second semester of the school year 1948-49, as of the date during that semester when they filled out the report. In addition, they were asked to report first-semester data for any half-year courses taught the first semester only, as of the closing date of the first semester. The mailing list used for the inquiry was the same as that used for the study. Statistics of Public High Schools , 1945-46. 2 In 1948-49, the school year covered by the survey, the mailing list was 3 years old, but the number and location of high schools changed but little during that length of time. Ungraded and evening graded high schools were ex¬ cluded from the basic mailing list. Of tbe schools remaining, a question¬ naire was sent to each school reported as enrolling 500 or more pupils (a total of 3,615 schools) and to half of the schools reported as enrolling fewer that 500 pupils (a total of 10,134 schools). Questionnaires were first mailed on February 7 and 8, 1949. Two follow-up mailings were sent to nonrespondent schools on April 6 and 7, 1949, and May 6, 1949, with third and fourth follow-ups only to the large schools (enrollment of 500 or more) on June 7, 1949, and October 18. 1949. The percentage of response may be considered good. Usable returns were obtained from 91.8 percent of the large schools (enrolling 500 or more pupils), from 75.1 percent of the small schools (enrolling fewer 1 Such surveys of offerings and enrollments as were conducted from 1890 to 1915 were published in the Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education, of appropriate date. Subsequent surveys were, like the present one, published in the Biennial Survey of Education, of appropriate date; except that the most recent study in this series was, because of delay in completion, printed separately as Bulletin 1938, No. 6 (U. S. Department of the Interior, Office of Education). 2 This mailing list (with minor exceptions) is given in Directory of Secondary Schools in the United States. U. S. Office of Education Circular 250, January 1949. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 than 500 pupils), and from 79.5 percent of the total number of schools circularized. The schools furnishing usable returns included 91.8 per¬ cent of the enrollment in the large schools (the same as the percentage of large schools responding); 82.1 percent of the enrollment in the small schools; and 89.5 percent of the enrollment in the total number of schools circularized. The data were punched into IBM cards and tabulated, and the result¬ ing figures were enlarged to secure data for all the public secondary schools in the United States. In adjusting for nonresponse, the poorer response rate of the smaller high schools was taken into account by classifying the high schools into 16 different size groups, separately for each State and for the three types of school organization, and making a separate adjustment for each of the groups.3 As in the 1934 investigation, which for the first time collected data concerning subject enrollments in the seventh and eighth grades of junior high schools and undivided high schools, enrollments reported from grades 7 and 8 of systems organized on the 11 -year plan have been classified under " grades 8 and 9.” The questionnaire used in the study included a reasonably complete fist of 118 specifically named courses classified under 13 general subject fields. Space was left so that respondents could record the names of other courses offered in their schools. Only courses recognized definitely as part of the curriculum of the school were to be reported: thus such classes as band and orchestra were not to be reported if they were regarded as extra-classes. Many of the respondents reported courses in addition to those listed on the questionnaire, and it was not feasible to retain the names of all subjects reported. Efforts were made to retain those which represented significant changes, such as the decline of older subjects or the increase of newer ones. Subjects were retained in the areas or fields in which they were reported. For example, when driver training was reported under health, safety, and physical education, it was classified there; when it was reported under industrial arts, it was included in that category (under automobile mechanics). The same procedure was followed when general language was reported under both foreign languages and under English. The data were finally classified under 274 specific subject- headings as indicated in the appendix. Of these specific subjects, 194 were reported by schools in 15 or more States; 80 in fewer that 15 States. The 1934 investigation included a total of 206 individual subjects. It is difficult enough for high -school principals to know the content of subjects in the schools they administer. Obviously there are additional 3 If between 1945-46 and the date of inquiry (1948-49) a school had changed its type of organization, it was classified for this study according to its 1948-49 organization. Similarly, if a school’s size-classifi¬ cation (in terms of total enrollment) changed between 1945—46 and the date of the inquiry, the change in size was correspondingly taken into account. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 3 difficulties involved in drawing valid conclusions from a Nationwide in¬ vestigation of subjects offered and the enrollments in them. Sometimes the name of a subject changes although the content does not; occasionally the content of a subject changes although the name does not. Likewise, one school may draw upon related materials and enrich a course so that it will include several different subjects (although to a lesser degree of intensity) while another school will follow conventional textbook material more closely. However, some types of inference may be made with reasonable assurance. Through the years changes are few in number and of minor nature in many subjects such as typewriting, shorthand, Latin, and algebra. The differences among the subject fields are comparatively stable; for example, the content of industrial arts subjects does not change enough to cause any difficulty in distinguishing that subject field from foreign languages. And when subjects appear for the first time and in many States as did driver training, conservation, and consumer buying, one can be reasonably sure that there has been an increase in systematic efforts to treat these subjects even though incidental attention may have been given to them before. Reading the Tables Table 1 gives enrollment in public secondary day schools by State, and by type of school. The schools have been classified into three groups as follows: (a) junior high schools; (6) regular (4 -year) high schools and senior high schools; and (c) junior-senior and undivided high schools. In table 2 is presented a summary of national data for subjects offered in at least 15 States, by type of secondary school. The table should be read as follows: There are enrolled in junior high schools 1,257,134 pupils (column 2); enrolled in seventh-grade English are 424,672 pupils (also column 2), who constitute 33.8 percent (column 3) of the total enrollment in junior high schools. When percentage enrollment figures are used in connection with 1949 data, in all instances except in trade and industrial education subjects the references are to subjects which were taught in as many as 15 States. Except in trade and industrial education, the enrollments in individual subjects taught in fewer than 15 States were so small that they had a negligible influence on percentages in broad subject fields. At a given time pupils often take more than one subject in a single broad subject field. For example, during the same semester a pupil may take a course in health, a course in safety, a course in driver training, and a course in physical education. As a result, the total enrollments in a subject field often amount to more than 100 percent of the pupils enrolled in the school. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 It is generally true that in a particular subject field the total enroll¬ ment in junior high schools amounts to a larger percentage of all pupils in junior high schools than is the case for regular and senior high schools. For example, in junior high schools the total enrollment in subjects in the field of health, safety, and physical education amounts to 143.8 percent of the total junior high school enrollment; in regular and senior high schools, the total enrollment in subjects in the field of health, safety, and physical education equals 105.1 percent of the pupils. In junior high schools the total enrollment in subjects in the field of social studies amounts to 127.7 percent of the pupils; in regular and senior high schools the corresponding figure is but 88.9 percent. Percentage enrollments in junior high schools exceed those in regular and senior high schools in all subject fields except foreign languages, trade and industrial education, business education, and agriculture. In all public secondary schools together, enrollments total more than 100 percent of the number of pupils enrolled in the schools not only in health, safety, and physical education, but in English and the social studies as well. In each of the fields of mathematics and science enroll¬ ments are more than half the total enrollment of pupils. Subject fields in each of which enrollments amount to 25 to 50 percent of the total enrollment of pupils are business education, music, and industrial arts. In table 3 are presented detailed data, by State, for all public secondary day schools combined, regarding the 194 subjects which in 1949 were reported by schools in 15 or more States. In the report of the subject investigations made by the Office of Education in 1934, similar data were presented concerning 111 subjects which at that time were reported by schools in 15 or more States. In table 4 are presented data, by State and by type of school, for all public secondary day schools, regarding 80 subjects which in 1949 were reported by schools in fewer than 15 States. In the 1934 investigation similar data were shown concerning 95 subjects which at that time were reported by schools in fewer than 15 States. The primary purpose of the present investigation was not historical in nature; it was to find the number of pupils enrolled in each high-school subject for the school year 1948-49. Nevertheless efforts have been made, in tables 5, 6, and 7 to provide data comparable to those in earlier subject investigations made by the Office of Education. In all investigations prior to 1934 data were limited to enrollments in the last 4 years of high school. In tables 5 and 7 are presented comparable data concerning subjects offered during the last 4 years of high school. Table 6 presents data on a 6-year basis for those fields in which enrollments in grades 7 and 8 could not be separated from those in the last 4 years. In tables 5 and 6 are presented, by State, the percentage of pupils taking certain OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 5 subjects offered in 15 or more States in 1948-49. In table 7 are data from eight national investigations made by the Office of Education. For the last four investigations reported in table 7 the data are much more complete than for the first four. As the number of subject offerings has increased, the disposition has been to collect more nearly complete statistics regarding them. However, the data from the present investi¬ gation are in a few cases not sufficiently refined for purposes of compari¬ son. For example, among the current data it was not feasible to separate all the ninth-grade enrollments in community civics from those for the seventh and eighth grades. Although the same difficulties existed in the case of industrial arts subjects, it was possible to make a defensible estimate for the last 4 years of high school in those subjects. Since previous investigations did not distinguish between general industrial arts subjects and trade and industrial education subjects, it was necessary to include them in one category in the historical table. Reference has previously been made to the difficulties involved in making inferences from the data presented in this investigation. Obvi¬ ously special caution should be used in drawing conclusions from the historical table. Because subjects are represented in table 7 only as they have from time to time been judged important in the number of their enrollments, many desirable details are missing. It is possible to do little more than trace the broad outlines of most of the changes which have occurred. Percentage enrollments in the different investigations reported in the historical table are not precisely comparable. Beginning with 1910 and until the present investigation, the percentage of pupils in each subject is based upon the number of pupils in the schools reporting subject enrollments. For example, the subject percentages in the 1934 investiga¬ tion are based upon 80 percent of the total number of pupils attending high school in 1934. The present investigation is based upon data for the total universe of public secondary schools in the United States. If the data for the 1934 investigation had been enlarged as were those for the present investigation some of the subject percentages for 1934 probably would have varied slightly. Table I presents data on subjects included in a special type of curricu¬ lum organization — a core program. Information as to schools offering such programs was gathered for the first time in the present investigation. The table includes data by State and by subject for an estimated 833 schools which use the core. In the appendix is a list of all the subjects for which enrollments were reported by high-school principals. It was not feasible to retain all these subjects and report enrollments for them in the summary tables. In most of them comparatively few pupils were enrolled and all of them 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 have been included in the 274 selected subject -titles presented in the tables. By referring to the appendix the reader can learn the -classification given each subject-title. The broad subject fields are listed in capital letters. The 274 subject-titles included in the subject fields are given to the first indentation. The second indentation indicates the classification of courses not reported in the tables as subject -titles. The 13 broad subject fields under which the 274 selected subject -titles were classified are threads which run through the tables briefly described. The salient facts concerning the present and previous status of each subject field will be presented. Offerings and Enrollments in Subject Fields English In table 2 the reported enrollment in regular seventh- and eighth-grade English classes is the same as the total enrollment in those grades. Since many seventh and eighth grades are a part of an elementary school and are therefore not included in this study, enrollments in each of these grades are considerably less than are those in each of the last 4 years of high school.4 In each of the last 4 years, the enrollment in regular English classes is slightly less than the total enrollment in the respective grades.5 This is accounted for by the fact that in each of the grades some pupils are enrolled in special English subjects, such as remedial English, business English, dramatic art, journalism, public speaking, etc., as well as the fact that in the twelfth grade especially regular English is often not a required subject. The junior high school enrollments in all subjects in the general field of English are 105.8 percent of the total pupil enrollment in the junior high schools. In addition to their regular English courses probably penmanship is the subject junior high school pupils take most. In regular and senior high schools, enrollments in all subjects in the general field of English are 101.3 percent of the total pupil enrollment in these high schools. In junior-senior and undivided high schools, this percentage figure is 102.7; and for all public secondary day schools com¬ bined, it is 102.5. Of the special subjects in the field of English, the largest enrollments are in speech and public speaking, journalism, and dramatic art, in that order. While these are typically upper-grade subjects, they are reported in a few instances in the junior high school, separate from the regular 4 Wherever seventh and eighth grades are mentioned hereafter they will refer to seventh and eighth grades which are a part of a secondary school organization. 5 Total enrollment: seventh grade, 738,224; eighth grade, 770,157; ninth grade, 1,641,406; tenth grade, 1,490,628; eleventh grade, 1,241,505; twelfth grade, 1,025,913. (In schools with an 11-year system, pupils in the eighth year were tabulated under grade 9, the ninth year under grade 10, etc.) These figures will be referred to later in this bulletin. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 7 English class. Some of this is due to the fact that the tenth grade is included in a few junior high schools. Penmanship appears prominently in junior high school and to a lesser degree in other types of schools. Remedial English is taken more often by pupils in regular and senior high schools than in the other types, 0.7 percent of all pupils in these schools being enrolled in remedial English classes. It will be noted that enrollments in other special subjects in the English area are relatively small. In table 3 are shown, by State, the enrollments in subjects offered in 15 or more States in 1949. Since a similar table was presented in the 1934 subject investigation, it is possible to point out the differences in subjects most commonly offered in 1934 and 1949. English subjects listed for the first time in 1949 are radio speaking and broadcasting offered in schools in 24 States, debate offered in 42 States, remedial English in 40 States, and creative writing in 27 States. In 1934 debate was subsumed under speech and public speaking. Doubtless some of the reading reported by schools in 28 States in 1934 was remedial reading, but even so there has been a great increase in the spread of remedial English courses as well as in the total enrollments in them. Probably creative writing is a new name for an old activity; composition was reported as a separately organized course in 29 States in 1934, but only in 14 in 1949. Table 5 which gives enrollments in terms of per¬ centage indicates that special courses in English occur with the greatest relative frequency in schools in Mountain and Pacific Coast States. This is probably because these States tend to require for graduation fewer years of English than most States do.6 Probably special English courses are taken as electives to make up the total units required for graduation. In table 7 it is apparent that since 1900 at least the great majority of high -school pupils have been enrolled in English subjects. In the investi¬ gations of 1900, 1910, and 1915 English enrollments were reported separately in rhetoric and literature; in 1910 and 1915 because most pupils were taking both subjects the percentages of pupils in English classes reached 114. Since 1922, except for extra and minor courses, literature and rhetoric have been subsumed under regular English courses and in subsequent investigations, percentages of enrollments in regular English classes have been less than 100. However, when enrollments are counted in all special subjects such as speech, journalism, and dramatic art the percentage of enrollment in English again exceeds 100. Enroll¬ ments in regular English courses in 1948-49 show a slight percentage increase over those of 1933-34. 8 Requirements and High School Students' Programs. Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Wash¬ ington 25, D. C. (circular No. 300, February 1949), p. 12. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Social Studies In table 2 the total enrollment reported for subjects in the field of social studies in both junior high schools and junior-senior and undivided high schools is greater than the total reported for subjects in the field of English in those two types of schools. In regular and senior high schools, enrollments in the field of social studies are 88.9 percent of the total pupil enrollment for those schools. For all public secondary day schools com¬ bined, this percentage figure is 100.8 percent. Social studies now ranks third among all the subject fields in percentage of pupils enrolled. United States history. — In all types of public secondary day schools combined, the enrollment in United States history reflects the fact that this subject is increasingly required not only in one of the three lower grades of the secondary school, but in one of ihe higher grades as well.7 For many years United States history has been required in most schools, and the percentage gain in enrollment in this subject in 1949 in grades 10 through 12 over 1934 in the last 4 years (from 17.3 to 22.8 percent) is in part a reflection of the increased holding power of the schools. More pupils are persisting in school until the eleventh or twelfth grade where they are ordinarily enrolled in United States history. In part also the increase is due to increasing requirements and to improved enforcement of requirements long in existence. The course is taken for a full year by more than nine-tenths of the pupils who take it in junior high schools, while in grades 10-12 less than 3 percent of the pupils enrolled take it for a half year only. Foreign history. — World history is quite frequently the social studies course offered to tenth -grade pupils, and as such is replacing ancient and medieval history, which were once standard for grades 9 and 10. In regular and senior high schools, enrollments in world history are second in size to those in American history and represent an increase of 4.3 percent since 1934; they constitute 59 percent of the total tenth-grade enrollment and 16.2 percent of the enrollment of all pupils in the last 4 years. Medieval and modern history in 1934 enrolled more than 6 per¬ cent of all pupils, and ancient history as many more; in 1949 less than 4 percent of all pupils were enrolled in all courses in ancient and/or medieval and modern history. Percentagewise they have their largest following in the New England States. Enrollments in these subjects (ancient and/or medieval and modern history) are now less than one- fourth of the enrollment in world history. Some instruction in world history and in ancient and medieval history is given in grades 7 and 8. Latin American history gained in popularity during the War, but it does not show comparatively large enrollments at this time; it has its largest 7 For other pertinent data see Teaching of United States History in Public High Schools, by Howard R. Anderson. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1949. (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Bulletin, 1949, No. 7.) OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SLBJECTS 9 percentage of enrollments in California. The total of all enrollments in foreign history for all grades is slightly more than half of the total of enrollments for United States history. Government. — Community civics, which is usually the ninth -grade subject in the social studies sequence, like American history is taken by one in three pupils in grades 7, 8, and 9. In fact, enrollments in com¬ munity civics are slightly in excess of those in American history. How¬ ever, more pupils have community civics as a half-year subject than is true in American histoty. Advanced civics, or American Government, is taken by slightly less than half as many pupils as take community civics. The advanced course is more often a half-year than a full-year subject. Problems of democracy, on the other hand, which is frequently taken during the twelfth grade as a substitute for American Government is more often a full-year subject. The combined enrollments in the two subjects are approximately 70 percent of the total enrollment in that grade. From 1934 to 1949 the percentage of pupils in the last 4 years of high school enrolled in American Government increased from 6 to 8; in problems of democracy the increase was from 3.5 to 5.2. The increase in American Government has some added significance because the 1934 enrollment figures included a few from the ninth grade while no ninth - grade enrollments were counted in 1949. Geography. — According to the recent publication on teaching of United States history,7 geography is the subject in the social studies field most frequently taught in the seventh grade. While the figures in the present study are not divided as between grades 7 and 8, one finds that the enrollment in geography in the two grades is 40 percent of the total enrollment in those grades. In addition, there are probably other pupils who have units in geography as a part of an English-social studies core and for whom the subject was not reported separately. In the last 4 years of high school, 1 pupil in 18 is enrolled in either American or world geography. Other social studies. — There are proportionately more pupils enrolled in State history in grades 7 and 8 than in the last 4 years of high school. In the seventh and eighth grades the enrollments are about equally divided between half-year and full-year courses, while in the last 4 years 84 percent of the enrollments are for half-year courses. In the last 4 years of high school greater percentages of pupils are enrolled in State history in Washington, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania than in Texas. Occupations enrolls proportionately fewer pupils than in 1933-34. En¬ rollments are not reported separately for grades 7-8 and the last 4 years, but 2.3 percent of pupils in all grades are registered in such a course. Economics, sociology, and psychology, which are usually pursued for only 1 semester, enroll 4.7, 3.4, and 0.9 percent, respectively, of all pupils in the last 4 years. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Social studies which are newcomers to table 2 (commonly offered subjects) include: Latin American history, formerly taught in 9 States and now in 34; consumer education, formerly not mentioned but now along with consumer buying in the home economics field, taught in all but 2 States; and orientation, formerly offered in 7 States and now in 44. Under orientation have been grouped a variety of courses, such as home living, social living, everyday living, problems in living, and English experience. Some of the titles refer to both English and social studies. Although these are all one-period subjects, the titles give some indication that the objectives are similar to those in core courses. Almost 2 percent of all secondary school pupils are enrolled in these single-period orienta¬ tion or social-living courses, which are frequently arranged for pupils during their entering year in a school. Possibly group guidance should have been classified under orientation courses also; it was reported from 21 States as enrolling 1.3 percent of all secondary pupils. Classified under psychology, when they were reported in the upper grades, were a number of similar subjects, such as guidance and personal problems, human relations, and social adjustment. There is evidence of increased em¬ phasis on group guidance and education for social living. The history of the Orient was reported in one school in 1 State in 1934 and in 9 States in 1949. English history was taught in 43 States in 1934 and in 9 States in 1949. Industrial history was taught in 19 States in 1934 and industrial history and geography in 9 States in 1949. In table 7, which deals only with enrollments during the last 4 years of high school, it may be seen that the percentage of pupils taking history doubled between 1890 and 1910 and declined from 1910 to 1922. During the last 25 years, because United States history has more than held its own, and enrollments in world history have increased greatly, the total enrollments in history have shown some increase. Courses in English history and in ancient and medieval history have lost ground. Increased enrollments are shown in problems of democracy and geography. (Ninth-grade community civics which is not shown in table 7 has made a tremendous contribution to increased social studies enrollments during the past 25 years.) Between 1928 and 1934 advanced American Govern¬ ment lost enrollments to problems of democracy, but since 1934 it shows a percentage gain of 2 percent. Sociology, economics, and psychology have maintained relatively stable positions since they first appeared in subject investigations. New to the historical table is consumer education which enrolled almost 1 percent of the pupils in 1948-49. Core Curriculum Basic tables in this publication show enrollments in subjects as though they were all taught separately. There is, and has been for many years, OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 11 however, a type of curriculum organization which correlates or fuses instruction in two or more subjects so that subject-matter lines are not clearly defined. This is referred to as the core curriculum and the course resulting is usually called the core, though other designations, such as common learnings, general education, and unified studies are also used. While there is no one accepted definition of a core, the two major ideas common to the current concept are that it provides experiences needed by all youth and that the experiences cut across subject lines. The core has assigned to it a block of time equivalent to two or more periods of the school day, plus (when scheduling permits) the homeroom period. Sub¬ jects commonly joined in a core are English and social studies (geography, history, civics). Science or mathematics is sometimes included. Fre¬ quently, instruction in health, music, art, and group guidance is correlated or interrelated with the problems studied in the core. Included in the inventory of offerings and enrollments in high -school subjects was an item asking for information about common -learning or core-type courses, as follows: Name of course, area of learning, or core; subjects or subject-matter included, if fixed; grade offered; periods per week; and enrollment. Except for data on enrollments, information compiled from this item has been published separately.8 Table I records all enrollments which were reported as being in a core type of curriculum organization. The enrollments in this table are also included in all other tables. Thus the total enrollment of 6,524,271 pu¬ pils in regular English classes in all high-school grades includes the 240,016 pupils who have their English as part of a core program and who are reported in table I. English is a part of the core for 97.0 percent of all pupils enrolled in such a program; social studies, for 96.8 percent. These are not always the same pupils; that is, in a small percentage of the cases English may be combined with a subject other than social studies, and social studies may be combined with one other than English. Approximately 95 percent of the enrollment in core curricula, however, is in the English-social studies combination, sometimes with other subjects also included. Science is part of the core for 12.5 percent of the pupils enrolled in core curricula, and mathematics for 7.7 percent of the pupils so enrolled. At the present time, at least, the core is typically a junior high-school development. When the junior high schools only are considered, the percentage of pupils enrolled in core classes is 12.4, and 15.8 percent of all junior high schools have a core program. In contrast, 3.6 percent of the nearly 7 million secondary school pupils in all high schools are enrolled in core programs. 8 Core Curriculum in Public High Schools, by Grace S. Wright. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Bulletin 1950, No. 5.) 943949 °— 51 - 2 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 © w ® •> • ► Sjfcl d O c3 •| a IMH d ©co.2 £ 'O O o3n “o^u . £3 ,d d d oT SP 5§2M-S-s oHo.|gl 2 w d c3 >> IlgSiofc d d c3p _ _. wSO-^jf £a©£ .1 c3 © o © >>d PISH ®i§ !.§:*. d S 5 P oJ ots ® ®d o d-d 2^.9 ** 2 £ 2 Sb _, *h Q< cd ^ rr 5 ri o o w.a .2 © d.QS> 1^1 |1| ^ m o “ o> ,d.d o ■*> bjo^j m d O © o3-n fig •S >?© d'|5 .2.9'd 39 d §2| od S a Is •aJ-s dd d «d +a-rt © m w ^ O O 3*5 £•§8 9 “ >> « S-® 5b P d ^d o © o a o'C ® « 2 03 n£ d © to w © a w o °3 2 d feo £°2 o o p, ® g-a gss 3=® d-dr © o ~ • . 4^ c3 ^S2§ **< n cfl p - 9 ^ o 8 So OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 13 Science In 1949 approximately 68. 3 percent of the pupils attending junior high schools were enrolled in science subjects. For other types of schools the percentages of pupils enrolled in science subjects were: regular and senior, 52; junior-senior and undivided high schools, 63; and all public secondary day schools combined, 58.1. Nearly a third of all public secondary day-school pupils were enrolled in a general science course, usually a full-year course, in 1949. General science is typically offered in grades 7-9 and like English and social studies, it is becoming more and more a constant subject at those grade levels. Seventy -two percent of all pupils in grades 7 and 8, and 65 percent of all pupils in grade 9 were registered in general science in 1949. A small per¬ centage took an advanced general science course in 1 of the last 3 years of high school. Biology is usually offered in the tenth grade. As the science subject for tenth-grade pupils it is comparable to general science for the ninth- grade pupils. Reflected against the total enrollment of pupils in the tenth grade, the enrollment in biology was 66 percent. More uniformly than general science, biology is a full -year subject. Other biological sciences offered in secondary schools — botany, physiology, and zoology — enrolled 66,313 pupils. If these are added to the 989,756 pupils enrolled in biology, a total figure is arrived at which is 28 percent of the enrollment in the last 3 years of high school. If we include also the enrollment of pupils in hygiene (included in table 2 under the major heading of health, safety, and physical education) the resulting figure would seem to indicate that the great majority of pupils had a course in a biological science sometime during their high-school years. The dominating sciences of the third and fourth years are chemistry and physics. Taken together, these two subjects attracted slightly less than a third of the combined registrations in these 2 years. Both subjects are, with rare exceptions, pursued for a full year. Small percentages of pupils (less than 34 percent of the total for the third and fourth years) took a course called physical science, which is commonly a reorganization of chemistry and physics often including some earth science or a course called earth science, under which were subsumed geology and physical geography. Likewise small percentages were enrolled in courses in aero¬ nautics, radio, and fundamentals of electricity. Science subjects reported for the first time in 1949 are conservation, reported by schools in 16 States, and fundamentals of electricity (an in¬ novation from World War II) in 23 States. Also in 1949, advanced general science was taught in 42 States, advanced biology in 20 States, and ad¬ vanced chemistry in 18 States. Enrollments in these advanced courses have been counted in the total enrollments for the different subjects in tables 5 and 7. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Aeronautics was reported as a science in 47 States in 1949, and also as an industrial arts subject in 9 of these States; it was reported only as an industrial arts subject in 13 States in 1934. Nature study was reported in 38 States in 1934 and in 3 States in 1949. Astronomy, geology, and physical geography, each of which was taught in more than 15 States in 1934, were subsumed with a number of related subjects under earth science in the 1949 study. However, a decline in enrollment in these subjects may be inferred from the fact that physical geography alone was reported in 47 States in 1934, while all the subjects subsumed under earth science in 1949 were reported in no more than 38 States. Compared with the total enrollment in the last 4 years of high school, the percentage enrolled in biology increased from 14.6 in 1934 to 18.4 in 1949; in general science the increase was from 17.8 percent in 1934 to 20.8 percent in 1949. These percentages are in close agreement with those re¬ ported in a bulletin for 1947-48 8 9 which was based on reports from a repre¬ sentative sampling of schools and in which the number of pupils enrolled in the first term of that school year was used as the basis for determining the percentage enrollments. In the last 35 years physiology, botany, and zoology have experienced substantial declines in enrollment, while the enrollment in biology has increased. The same general change has occurred in geology, physical geography, and astronomy as compared with general science which has absorbed much of the earth science content. Thus in the science fields at the ninth- and tenth -grade levels there appears to have been a strong trend toward a more generalized and less specialized treatment of course content. Since 1900 the percentages enrolled in physics have declined consistently while the percentages of pupils enrolled in chemistry have remained relatively stable. However, along with general increases in the liigh- school enrollment, in the investigations from 1915 through 1934, the actual enrollments in these subjects also showed increases (comparable figures could not be secured earlier than 1915 and, of course, actual enroll¬ ments in physics did decline from 1934 to 1949). This increase in actual enrollments in chemistry and physics from 1915 to 1934, while percentages in chemistry were stable and percentages in physics were declining, suggests that (a) as many youth of high-school age enroll in chemistry as ever before; and ( b ) almost as many youth of high-school age enroll in physics as ever before. However, in addition there are in our schools now boys and girls who do not enroll in these subjects and are not required to study chemistry and physics. Had these youth been in high school in 1915, in most instances they would have found 8 The Teaching of Science in Public High Schools, by Philip G. Johnson. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1950. (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Bulletin 1950, No. 9). OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 15 it necessary to study chemistry and physics whether they wished to or not. The general effect has been to decrease the percentage enrollments in these subjects although the successive investigations indicate that the actual enrollments increased through 1934. The introduction of advanced general science, physical science, and earth science may suggest that a trend toward the generalization of physics and chemistry is beginning to receive attention in many schools. Noticeable variations appear among the States in the emphasis placed upon the different science subjects (table 5). As in 1934, the greatest range occurs in general science where the variation is from 1 to 30 percent; in biology the range is from 13.4 to 26.4 percent; in chemistry from 3.5 to 11.6; and in physics from 1.4 to 8.8. Mathematics In table 2 the total enrollment in subjects in the field of mathematics in junior high schools amounts to 92.8 percent of the total pupils enrolled; similar figures for the other types of schools are: Regular and senior high schools, 52.2 percent; junior-senior and undivided schools, 69.7 percent; and all public secondary day schools combined, 64.5 percent. Arithmetic. — Ninety -nine percent of all pupils in grades 7 and 8 were in 1949 taking elementary arithmetic, generally for a full year. This represents the largest enrollment in these grades in any subject except English. Pupils almost uniformly have arithmetic not only for 1 year of the two grades, but for both. Algebra. — Twenty percent of all high-school pupils are taking first- or second -year algebra. In 9 Southern States the percentage in the last 4 years of high school is 35 or greater; 5 other States widely scattered exceeded 30 percent (table 5). The percentage of pupils taking algebra is greater in regular and senior high schools than in the other tw o types of high schools. Since elementary algebra is usually offered in the ninth grade it is pertinent to observe that the registration is 63.5 percent of the enrollment in that grade. Slightly more than a third of the number taking elementary algebra will later continue into intermediate algebra, judging bv the 1949 figures. In this latter subject the half-year courses are much more numerous, hut even so, more than three-fourths of the pupils taking intermediate algebra study it for a full year. College algebra, which is a half-year course twice as often as it is a full-year one, enrolls about 10 percent as many as does intermediate algebra. General mathematics. — Pupils in the ninth grade who do not elect algebra are usually enrolled in general mathematics. Thus about 40 percent of ninth-grade pupils will be found in this course. That the two together exceed 100 percent of the enrollment for that grade is probably accounted for by the inclusion of some repeaters from the tenth grade and possibly a few who did not elect general mathematics until a grade later than 9. It appears that only 7 percent of those taking the elementary course in 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 general mathematics will continue through an advanced course in general mathematics. Geometry and trigonometry. — Slightly more than half as many pupils elect plane geometry as are registered in elementary algebra. The enroll¬ ment is 40 percent of the potential registration if the tenth grade is re¬ garded as the place for plane geometry study. Only one in six plane geometry pupils will continue with solid geometry or with trigonometry. The only mathematical subject which is new in the 1949 table of sub¬ jects commonly taught is mathematics review, reported for the first time and now taught in 24 States, chiefly in regular and senior high schools. The only mathematical subjects to show percentage increases in enroll¬ ment in 1949 are general mathematics (including arithmetic)10 and trig¬ onometry (table 7). The former increased to 13.1 percent from 7.4 per¬ cent in 1934, and trigonometry was at an all-time high of 2 percent in 1949. However, general mathematics and arithmetic were but slightly higher proportionately than in 1922, when general mathematics first appeared as a high -school subject. From the historical table it may be seen that algebra and geometry (which in this table include advanced courses as well as beginning work) show a rise in percentages to a peak in 1910, with a persistent decline since that time. However, through the years from 1915 to 1934 actual numbers enrolled in these subjects increased along with the total increases in the high-school population. (In 1934 the total pupil enrollment during the last 4 years was slightly more than in 1949.) This situation is under¬ standable in the light of the fact that American high schools are less selective than they were in 1910. Many boys and girls of high-school age have always been interested in algebra and geometry, and about as many are interested in these subjects as ever before. However, there are also in high schools at present many boys and girls who are not interested in algebra and geometry, and requirements have been relaxed so that they are not forced to take these subjects as they would have been 40 years ago. These pupils are responsible for the percentage increase in arithmetic and general mathematics, and for the percentage declines in algebra and geometry. Foreign Languages In the present investigation it was found that in junior high schools, the total number enrolled in foreign languages is 11.4 percent of the total number of pupils enrolled in these schools; in regular and senior high schools, the corresponding percentage is 22.2; in junior-senior and un¬ divided schools the percentage is 12.1; in all public secondary day schools combined, the enrollment in foreign languages is 17.4 percent of the total enrollment. 10 In the ninth grade, arithmetic when reported as a subject, was assumed to be general mathematics. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SLBJECTS 17 In 1949 Spanish surpassed Latin as the foreign language pursued by the largest number of pupils. It enrolled 8.2 percent of all pupils in grades 9 through 12. Latin, however, was a close second, enrolling 7.8 percent. Latin is the more popular language both in junior high school and in junior-senior high school, but Spanish is first in the regular and senior high school, where the great majority of enrollments in foreign languages is to be found. French had only slightly more than half as many regis¬ trants as Spanish, and German had not quite one-tenth as many. The total enrollment in foreign languages is 22 percent of the total enrollment of all pupils in grades 9 through 12. However, as with most broad fields, since some pupils would be registered in more than one foreign language the actual percentage of pupils, excluding duplicates, who pursue a foreign language would be somewhat less. Our statistics do not show the grades in which the first year of a language is taken, and it cannot be determined, therefore, what percentage of the pupils of a given grade are taking a foreign language. The best estimate may be gained possibly by reflecting the total enrollment in the first year of all foreign languages against the total enrollment for one of the high- school grades. Thus, if this is done for the ninth grade, it will be found that 39 percent of such pupils take the first year of a foreign language. Using this same method for each of the languages separately, one finds that the enrollment in first -year Spanish is 15 percent of the total enroll¬ ment for ninth grade; the enrollment for first-year Latin is 14 percent; for French it is 8 percent; and for German it is 1.4 percent. The mortality in foreign languages is high. In each of the four lan¬ guages most frequently offered by the schools, between 62 and 73 percent of pupils enrolled in the first year of the subject continue it for the second year. Of those second-year people, between 15 and 28 percent continue with the third year of the subject, Spanish and Latin having a higher mortality here than French and German. Only a small percentage of pupils take the fourth year of a language. Latin has a slightly higher holding power at this grade than the other languages. From table 5 it may be observed that the States having the highest percentage of enrollments in each of the four foreign languages, group themselves geographically. The States having the largest percentage enrollments in Spanish are those near the Mexican border, namely. New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California in order of size of percents. The largest percentages in order of size in Latin are in Delaware, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and the District of Columbia; in French, in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont; in German, in New Jersey, Rhode Island, New York, the District of Columbia, and Pennsylvania. The foreign languages taught in as many as 15 States were the same in 1934 and 1949. Greek was taught in schools in 8 States in 1934 and in © 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 schools in 5 States in 1949. Languages appearing for the first time in 1949 were Russian, taught in 1 State, and Portuguese taught in 3 States. The percentage of pupils enrolled in Latin in the last 4 years of high school dropped from 16 in 1934 to 7.8 in 1949. Enrollments in French declined from 10.9 percent in 1934 to 4.7 percent in 1949, and those in German from 2.4 percent to 0.8 percent during the same period. Enroll¬ ments in Spanish increased from 6.2 percent in 1934 to 8.2 percent in 1949. Throughout the period covered by the historical table until the present investigation, Latin was the principal foreign language in American high schools. Percentagewise, Latin reached its peak from 1900 to 1910 and since then has declined persistently. However, along with the great increases in total secondary school enrollments, actual numbers of en¬ rollments in Latin increased in each successive investigation between 1915 and 1934. From 1890 until World War I, German was the second language in percentage of enrollments; and afterward until World War II, French was the second language in percentage of enrollments. It should be mentioned that enrollments in German shrank much more after World War I than did enrollments in French after World War II. Enrollments in Italian have grown steadily since they first appeared in 1922, but even in 1949 they amounted to only 0.3 percent of pupils in the last 4 years of high school. Spanish does not appear in the historical table until 1910 and the actual enrollments reported have increased in each successive study. Possibly it is significant that between 1934 and 1949, when enrollments in Spanish and Portuguese were increasing appreciably, there were being carried on many vigorous efforts to improve relationships between the United States and the countries of South and Central America. Industrial Arts — Nonvocational Nonvocational industrial arts enrolls 25 percent of all pupils in all types of schools. It is found in the junior high schools more than twice as often as in the other two types. Since enrollments in industrial arts are not reported separately for seventh and eighth grades it is not possible to differentiate between these two grades and the last four secondary school grades, although it is recognized that industrial arts is usually a prescribed subject for boys in grades 7 and 8. Among the industrial arts subjects the largest enrollments are found in general shop, woodworking, and mechanical drawing, in that order. The three subjects account for three-fourths of the enrollment in the industrial arts field. Next in order of frequency of mention is metal work, which enrolls 2.8 percent of all pupils, and printing, which enrolls 1.2 percent. All other subjects listed report an enrollment of less than 1 percent of the total secondary school enrollment. Industrial arts subjects appearing for the first time among the com- OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 19 monly offered subjects are: Photography, reported in the science category by schools in 5 States in 1934 and in 30 States in 1949; home mechanics, reported as science in 13 States in 1934 and in 32 States in 1949; and handcrafts, in 36 States in 1949. In 1934, handcrafts was not reported as a subject, but leathercraft was reported in 7 States and a few similar crafts were occasionally reported. Almost half the enrollments in hand¬ crafts and photography are in one-semester courses. New courses, reported for the first time in 1949, include: Plastics, in 14 States; and transportation laboratory, in New York and New Jersey. In the present investigation enrollments in industrial arts and trade and industrial education are separated for the first time. Hence it is not possible to determine the percentage increase in enrollments in industrial arts subjects alone. It is estimated that the combined enrollments in industrial arts and trade and industrial education increased in the last 4 years of high school from 21 percent of the total pupil enrollment in 1934 to 26.6 percent of the total pupil enrollment in 1949. Enrollments in industrial arts have shown persistent increases during the past 35 years. In 1949 the enrollments in industrial arts in junior high schools amounted to 48.2 percent of the pupils enrolled. Variations in percentages of pupils enrolled in industrial arts courses in the 48 States and the District of Columbia range from a low of 3.6 to a high of 42.1 (table 6). Eighteen States exceeded the national average, Maryland, California, New Jersey, Connecticut, and the District of Columbia, in that order, having the largest percentages. Trade and Industrial Education — Vocational Vocational trade and industrial education is usually offered in the last 2 years of high school. The programs are federally aided in most instances. Sometimes, however, these programs are organized under the provisions of State plans and receive State aid only. In a few cases, programs receive neither Federal nor State assistance. There are 369,794 registrations, or 6.8 percent of the total number of pupils in grades 9 through 12, in this area. Nearly one-fourth of this group are enrollments in shop mathematics, trade science, and other voca¬ tionally related subjects; another one-fifth are registrations in mechanical drafting which is often taken as a related subject. Subtracting registra¬ tions in related subjects from the total registration and allowing for the fact that mechanical drafting is a related subject for many pupils, the number of pupils enrolled in preparatory trades and industries courses may be estimated at plus or minus 250,000. This figure may be compared with the 214,382 reported in 1949 by the Vocational Division of the Office of Education.11 The larger figure is probably due to the inclusion of enroll- 11 Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education, Fiscal Year ended J une 30,1949. Wash¬ ington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1949. ( Federal Security Agency, Office of Education.) 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 ments in nonfederally aided schools, and perhaps also to the reporting of some industrial arts programs under the heading of vocational industrial education. Generally speaking, there are approximately 46 pupils in every thousand in the last 4 high-school years who are studying a trade. The largest identified enrollments in the separate trade subjects as shown in table 2 are in machine shop, automobile mechanics, electrical work, cabinet making, carpentry, and printing. Although many pupils enrolled in mechanical drafting take it as a shop -related course, some pur¬ sue the subject to prepare for employment in the mechanical drafting occupations. Each of the trade subjects not reported in the above list has an enrollment of fewer than 10,000. A number of trade and industrial education subjects were reported from as many as 15 States for the first time in 1949: (a) General indus¬ trial shops were reported from 26 States (these shops were in existence in 1934 but were subsumed under another category) . (6) The new cooperative part-time program labeled diversified occupations was reported in 1949 from 32 States, (c) In 1934, no vocational radio was reported; reports came from 43 States in 1949. (d) Aviation trades were reported from 24 States in 1949; in 1934, no aviation trade courses were reported, (e) Cosmetology, reported from schools in 5 States in 1934, was reported in 20 States in 1949. The diversified occupations curriculum represents a significant develop¬ ment since the 1934 study of high -school enrollments. It is most fre¬ quently found in communities too small to warrant the organization of a separate vocational program for each of a number of occupations. In such programs, juniors and seniors prepare for specific occupations by spending half of each school day in business or industrial establishments where they receive organized instruction as student-learners. Students are employed in accordance with Federal, State, and local employment regulations. Two periods of the remaining school time pupils are grouped together for supervised and directed study of technical and related subjects. Techni¬ cal subjects are those pertinent to the occupation in which the pupil is engaged; related subjects include such social subjects as economics, civics, health, and safety. Stress is also placed upon the development of good work habits and attitudes. In 1949, 9,000 pupils were enrolled in this cooperative venture, according to the figures in the present study. New York, with enrollments in courses in the field of vocational trade and industrial education amounting to 20.6 percent of all pupils in the last 4 years of high school in that State (table 5), has by far the largest pro¬ portionate enrollment of any State. Next in order are Maryland, Penn¬ sylvania, and Delaware, the enrollment in each of which amounts to ap¬ proximately 13 to 14 percent of the respective State’s total enrollment in grades 9 to 12. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH -SCHOOL SLBJECTS 21 Business Education The total enrollment in subjects in the field of business education in regular and senior high schools is more than 60 percent of the total pupil enrollment in these schools. Business subjects are seldom offered in grades 7 and 8. Since our statistics do not, in general, report enrollments • separately for individual grades, it cannot be determined exactly how many of the pupils taking business subjects in the junior high school are in grades 7 and 8, but it is believed that the percentage is negligible. There¬ fore, for the purposes of this text, seventh and eighth grades will not be considered. More than 1 in every 5 pupils of those enrolled in grades 9 through 12 is taking typing. The enrollment in first-year typing is more than half the total number of pupils enrolled in the ninth grade. The enrollment in second-year typing is approximately one-third the enrollment in first-year typing. The decrease in enrollment in third-year typing is still more pro¬ nounced. The relatively large enrollment in first-year typing is to be expected because of the large number of students who take it for personal use and the relatively few high schools that offer a second and third year of this subject. Shorthand enrollments are one-third of the typing enrollments. Second- year shorthand enrollments are only 44.4 percent of those of the first year. This decrease in enrollment in the second year is due in part to the large number of high schools that offer only 1 year of this subject. It is safe to assume that those who pursue either shorthand or typing for as much as 2 years are taking the subject for a vocational purpose, and that some of those who take these subjects for only 1 year have a vocational purpose also. Bookkeeping is second to typing in the number of pupils, enrolling 8.7 percent of all pupils in grades 9 through 12. Most pupils elect the subject for 1 year only, although 17 percent continue on for a second year, and a few carrv it a third year. Few high schools offer second - year bookkeeping, and the number offering a third year is negligible. General business is fourth in registrations among business subjects, followed in turn by business arithmetic, business law, office practice, economic geography, and business English. Business law is most fre¬ quently a half-year subject, as are courses termed consumer economics. This latter subject attracts less than 1 percent of the enrollment in the last 4 years, as do the other business subjects, such as advertising, sales¬ manship, and retailing, listed in table 2. Among the business-education subjects reported in 1949 for the first time are: Cooperative store training, from 46 States; and cooperative office training, from 48 States. Retailing was reported from 46 States in 1949 and from none in 1934, although it is probable that retailing was subsumed under salesmanship in the former study. Consumer economics 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 appears as a new subject in 1949, but that term is merely a new name for subjects subsumed under business organization in the 1934 investigation. Among the business subjects reported as commonly taught in 1934, the only ones not similarly reported in the 1949 investigation are machine operation and accounting. In the present study, machine operation is subsumed under office practice and accounting under bookkeeping. In table 5, typing is reported in 17 States as enrolling from 25 to 32 percent of the total enrollment in the last 4 years of high school. Only 3 States report enrolling as many as 10 percent of the pupils in grades 9-12 in shorthand, the highest percent enrolled being 10.8 in Maine and the lowest 3.3 percent in Louisiana. Although business-education subjects were not included in national investigations until 1915, since 1922 the total of enrollments in the field has been more than 50 percent of all the pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of high school. Since 1922 the percentage enrollment for the entire field has increased in each successive investigation. This has been so in spite of the continually decreasing percentages in bookkeeping, and chiefly because of the continually increasing percentages of school enrollment in typewriting. In 1949 approximately as many pupils were enrolled in typewriting (which is seldom a required subject) as in advanced United States history (which is almost always a required subject). Most of the remaining business-education subjects have been fairly stable through the last four investigations. In 1949 cooperative office training and cooperative store training appeared for the first time, together en¬ rolling almost 1 percent of the pupils. Both these subjects involve pupils in part-time work experiences during the regular school day with related vocational instruction in school. The work experience is usually supervised by the school with resulting coordination of school training and work experience. Home Economics As in most other subject fields, the percentage of pupils enrolled in home economics is higher in junior high schools than in those of the two other types. Enrollment in home economics amounts to approximately 25 percent of all pupils in all types of schools. This is comparable to nonvocational industrial arts, the counterpart for boys of home economics for girls. Unlike the latter subject, however, the home- economics figures also include vocational federally reimbursed classes. Enrollments in the various home-economics classes in grades 9-12 exceed 1 / millions. By contrast, the all-day school enrollment in home- economics courses for which reimbursement was made from Federal funds, was 614,308 in 1949, 11 or not quite half (47 percent) of the total enrollment in home-economics courses that year. If correction is made 11 Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1949. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1949. (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education.) OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 23 for the fact that the 1 / millions includes some duplications (pupils who were enrolled in more than one course in home economics in a given year) and that the Vocational Division figure does not, the figure would be slightly higher than 47 percent. This is a great increase over the less than 20 percent of home-economics enrollments which was reported for vocational home economics in 1934.12 Because of lack of uniformity of terminology among high schools, subjects reported in this field are not easily differentiated. Many schools with federally reimbursed programs reported their programs as homemaking I, II, III, and IV. Others reported it as Foods first, second, and third year, and Clothing first, second, and third year, plus special subjects. In the 1934 subject investigation, the basic course was called home economics; in the present investigation the basic course is called homemaking. Homemaking I, II, III, and IV accounts for 59.4 percent of the total enrollment in home economics in the four upper high -school grades. The remainder of the enrollment in home economics is reported by subject matter: foods, clothing, home management, health and home nursing, family relationships, child development, the house, consumer buying, homemaking general, and related arts. Many of these courses are 1- semester subjects. In the 1949 investigation are subsumed under the categories of the house and related arts a number of subjects, such as interior decorating and costume design, which were listed separately in the 1934 investigation. New to the list of commonly taught subjects are consumer buying, taught in 36 States in 1949, and home management, taught in 46 States in the same year. Both in actual enrollments and in percentage of all pupils enrolled in the subject, home economics has shown increases in each national inves¬ tigation which has been made since 1910. The percentage rise between 1928 and 1934 is the smallest and the one between 1910 and 1915 is the largest percentage increase. Judging by the names and prevalence of courses there has also been since 1934 increased emphasis on supple¬ menting cooking and sewing skills with attention to broader aspects of homemaking and home relationships. Variations in percentage of enrollments in home economics range from 12.8 percent in the District of Columbia to 36 percent in Delaware. Twenty States enroll more than 25 percent of the pupils in the last 4 years of high school; the West South Central, the East South Central, and the South Atlantic States, in that order, had the highest percentage enrollments. New England ranks the lowest in this respect, with 5 of its 6 States having enrollments under 20 percent. « Offerings and Registrations in High-School Subjects, 1933-34. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1938. (Department of the Interior, Office of Education, Bulletin 1938, No. 6), p. 20. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Agriculture It will be observed that courses in agriculture in the present study are reported as agriculture I, II, III, and IV, rather than according to specific subject-matter content, as was done in the 1934 study. This is due to the influence of the federally reimbursed program which uses the generic terminology. Table 2 reports a total of 364,185 pupils enrolled in agriculture in the last 4 years of high school, or 6.7 percent of the total enrollment for those years. In 1949, the Vocational Division of the Office of Education re¬ ported 334,010 pupils registered in federally reimbursed agricultural courses in all -day schools. According to these figures 91.7 percent of all pupils electing agriculture in grades 9-12 are in federally reimbursed programs. As in home economics, the West South Central, the East South Central, and the South Atlantic States have the highest percentage enrollments. Among the individual States, Connecticut and Mas¬ sachusetts have the lowest percent enrollments, less than 1 percent, and Arkansas has the largest with 19.2 percent. Enrollments in seventh- and eighth-grade courses in agriculture show very little change since 1934, and inasmuch as the earlier figures were based on an 80 -percent return it would seem that fewer pupils in these grades are having work in this area than previously. Health , Safety , and Physical Education It will he noted that six subjects are reported in tables 2 and 3 under the general heading of Health, Safety, and Physical Education. Driver education is not always so classified by the schools. On the other hand, there are subjects in other areas, notably in science and home economics, which have a strong bearing on the health objective. As in English and social studies, if all enrollments in health and physical education are added together they amount to more than 100 percent of the pupils. Phvsical education, next to regular English, has the largest registration of any single subject throughout the six high-school years, enrolling as it does three-fourths of all pupils. Ninety -one percent of pupils in junior high school take physical education, as compared with 69 percent in regular or senior high schools. Except for driver education and military drill, which are reserved for older pupils, all health subjects receive greater emphasis in the junior high school grades than in the last 3 or 4 years. Health enrolls 36 percent of all pupils in junior high schools, while in regular and senior high schools it enrolls but 23 percent. Hygiene and safety have comparatively small total enrollments, but again, the proportion is greater in the junior than in the regular and senior high schools. Much growth and expansion have occurred in this field since the last subject investigation. In 1934 accident prevention was reported by 1 State; in 1949 safety education was reported by 46 States, and almost OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 25 4 percent of all secondary school pupils were enrolled in the subject. No driver education was reported in 1934, but in 1949 it was taught in every State and the District of Columbia, and almost 4 percent of all pupils in regular and senior high schools were receiving driver training. Physical education as an individual subject has grown more remarkably than any other reported in the historical table. It was first reported in 1922 for 5.7 percent of the pupils. In each investigation this percentage figure has grown, and in 1949 it reached approximately 70 percent of all pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of high school. Music In the 1949 investigation vocal music was subdivided into chorus, general or public-school music, and glee club. The enrollment in these subjects together is \}/2 million, or 21.0 percent of the total enrollment in all public secondary day schools. Larger percentages of pupils are registered for vocal music in junior high schools than in regular and senior high schools. Instrumental music has very nearly the same status at the two levels, but has many fewer registrants in 1949 than in 1934, reaching but 0.2 percent of the pupils as against 4 percent at the earlier date. Band and orchestra as special forms of instrumental music show little difference between junior high school and the last 3 or 4 years; orchestra is slightly more popular in the former type of school. Band is more popular than orchestra in all schools. Other music studies, including music apprecia¬ tion, harmony, and theory and practice, show enrollments which are about 6 percent of the total of all pupils. Again, they are more popular in the junior than in the more advanced grades of the secondary school. These three subjects were reported for the first time in 1949, but in 1934 they were doubtless subsumed under the category music studies. Music appears for the first time in the historical table in 1915, when enrollments in music subjects were 31.5 percent of the total of all pupils enrolled in the last 4 years of high school. In subsequent investigations the percentages dropped to about 25 until 1949 when enrollments in this field amounted to 30.1 percent of the pupils. ^4rt Art subjects are pursued much more frequently by junior high school pupils than by pupils in the upper years of the secondary school. Enroll¬ ments in art courses amount to 48 percent of all junior high school pupils as compared with 10 percent in regular and senior schools, and 13 percent in junior -senior and undivided schools. Freehand drawing and art appreciation are the leaders among art subjects, each enrolling approximately 5.5 percent of the pupils in all types of schools combined. General art, which includes crafts when that is a part of the art course, enrolls approximately 12 percent of all junior 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 high school pupils and a much smaller percentage of regular and senior high school pupils. It accounts for 3.7 percent of the total secondary school enrollment. For the first time are reported courses in school service art in which pupils spend their time on projects of importance to some aspect of the entire school program. Enrollments in these courses amount to 0.1 percent of the pupil enrollments in all public secondary schools. Enrollments in art in the last 4 years of high school have been about the same percentage of the total pupil enrollment during the past 20 years. In 1915 and 1922 larger percentage enrollments were reported, but it is possible that they included some enrollments in mechanical drawing. Other Instruction or Courses Group guidance, student service, and instruction to special groups are included in this category in tables 2 and 3. Group guidance possibly should have been included under orientation; discussion of the subject will be found with orientation in the social studies field. A course listed for the first time in 1949 is student service. It is a composite of courses under various labels, such as student leadership, student government, and special interests. Schools in 18 States report such courses. Special classes for exceptional children, including the handicapped and mentally retarded, enroll less than 0.05 percent of all pupils. Such classes were reported by schools in 1 State in 1934 and in 20 States in 1949. Doubtless individual needs of many of these children are being met in regular classes. Summary During the 15 years between the present investigation and the pre¬ ceding one, as for many years prior to 1934, American high schools grew less selective. Approximately the same number of pupils attended the last 4 years of high school in 1949 as in 1934. However, because they were born during depression years when birth rates were low, youth of high-school age were a smaller group in 1949 than in 1934. In 1934 there were graduated from high schools 333 of every 1,000 pupils who had been in the fifth grade in 1926-27.13 In 1948 there were graduated 481 of every 1,000 pupils who had been in the fifth grade in 1940-41.14 American high schools are in the process of becoming common schools. The following summary paragraphs describe briefly the status of subject enrollments in 1949, and some changes which occurred in enrollments between 1934 and 1949. For the most part, the changes are in the direc¬ tion of more functional education. They represent efforts to meet life 13 Statistical Summary of Education 1945—46. (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1944r-46, ch. 1) p. 31. 14 Statistical Summary of Education 1947—48. (Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48, ch. 1) p. 43. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 27 needs of increasingly diverse bodies of pupils. This is not to suggest that high-school pupils were a homogeneous group in 1934. The demo¬ cratization of the high school began long before that, and the changes reported here are largely continuations of trends which were apparent in 1934. 1. The largest enrollments are in health, safety, and physical educa¬ tion; English; and social studies. This is not surprising since these subjects are required in most States. 2. In all broad subject fields except foreign languages, trade and indus¬ trial education, business education, and agriculture, percentage enroll¬ ments are higher in junior than in senior high schools. The total of percentage enrollments in all subjects is considerably higher in junior high schools than in regular and senior high schools. Evidently pupils in junior high schools take more subjects than pupils in senior high schools. This could mean that junior high school pupils have the heavier loads; it could mean that junior high school pupils have comparable total loads but divide their time among a greater number of subjects. In either case it is possible that scheduling practices used in one type of organization might profitably be used in the other. 3. A development investigated nationally for the first time is the core, which uses the time ordinarily given to two or more subjects, e. g., English and social studies. Subject-matter lines are ignored in the consideration of problems common to all youth. Time is provided for group guidance and individual counseling. While less than 4 percent of all public second¬ ary school pupils are enrolled in the core, it is present in more than 15 percent of all junior high schools. 4. Almost 2 percent of all public secondary day school pupils are enrolled in single-period orientation or social living courses which appear to have objectives similar to the core. These courses are most frequent in the first year of regular and senior high schools. In addition, almost as many pupils are enrolled in single-period courses labeled group guid¬ ance, personal problems, human relations, and social adjustment. 5. Enrollments in both mathematics and foreign languages in the last 4 years of high school (see table 7) were smaller percentages of the total pupil bodies in 1949 than in 1934. During the 15 -year period enrollments in art and business education subjects held their own. Per¬ centage enrollments in all other broad subject fields were increased between 1934 and 1949. These percentage figures are given some special signifi¬ cance because the total high-school enrollments in 1949 were approxi¬ mately the same as in 1934. However, it should be remembered that the 1949 percentages are based upon all the pupils enrolled in high schools in that year, while the 1934 percentages are based upon 80 percent of the total pupil enrollment. 943949° — 51 - 3 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 6. Among the broad subject fields (see table 7) home economics and industrial arts had the greatest percentage increases in enrollment from 1934 to 1949. These subjects are seldom required beyond the eighth grade, but apparently working with tools and materials has a great appeal for boys, just as homemaking has for girls. 7. In many instances enrollments in general courses have expanded while enrollments in more specialized courses have declined. Enrollments in biology have grown greatly at the expense of those in zoology and botany. General science has expanded at the expense of other more specific subjects of science. General mathematics has grown at the expense of algebra and geometry. 8. Among individual subjects physical education, typewriting, general mathematics (including arithmetic), and United States history are out¬ standing because of percentage increases in enrollments since 1934. More and more, physical education is being required. Typewriting is seldom a required subject and probably was elected chiefly for personal use. By many pupils general mathematics was probably chosen in place of algebra to meet a mathematics requirement. United States history is increasingly being required of all pupils, and in many States long-standing requirements are being better enforced. In part, also, the increased enrollment in United States history reflects the increased holding power of the school. More pupils are remaining in school until the eleventh grade, where they are generally required to take United States history. 9. Among individual subjects Latin and French show the greatest percentage decreases in enrollments from 1934 to 1949 — a fact which probably reflects the relaxing of college -entrance requirements in foreign languages during the period. 10. In 1949 it was reported for the first time that more high-school pupils were studying Spanish than Latin. Spanish is the only one of the commonly taught foreign languages which gained appreciably during the years 1934-49. Probably this reflects relaxed college -entrance require¬ ments, a concern for activities which seem likely to be of practical use, and the Nation’s Good Neighbor policy. 11. A number of subjects reported for the first time in 1949 were taught in as many as 15 States. Conservation, consumer buying, safety educa¬ tion, driver education, and home management are efforts to meet common needs shared by all pupils. Doubtless some of them have been encouraged by interested citizens or even required by State legislatures. Fundamen¬ tals of electricity, as a separate course, is an innovation from World War II. Remedial English, mathematics review, radio speaking and broadcasting, vocational radio, diversified occupations, cooperative store training, and cooperative office training are taught chiefly in regular and senior high schools and represent efforts to meet individual needs of pupils. The last four subjects are vocational and the last three involve OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 29 the cooperation of employers and school authorities in supervising the work experiences of pupils. Classes in service art and in student service represent efforts to help pupils learn while they are performing useful services for the school. 12. A number of subjects are disappearing as subjects in their own right from the program of studies. Subjects reported by schools in as many as 15 States in 1934, and not reported in 15 States in 1949, include English history, industrial history, nature study, the novel, and the short story (the last two do not appear as separate subjects in 1949). Some of the content of these subjects is being absorbed in other courses. However, this is not true of Greek, which was taught in 8 States, and teacher train¬ ing which was taught in 10 States in 1934. These subjects were reported in only 5 and 4 States, respectively, in 1949. 13. While the actual enrollments in the historical table are not com¬ parable, in a number of subjects it was possible to make defensible esti¬ mates of actual as well as percentage enrollments in all the national investigations carried on since 1915. Percentage enrollments in algebra, geometry, physics, and Latin have shown progressive decreases in all investigations since 1915. However, from 1915 through 1934 the actual enrollments in these subjects were increasing while the percentages were decreasing. During those years enrollment gains in new subjects often obscured the fact that as many youth as ever before were enrolled in a traditional subject. Table 1.— -Total enrollment of pupils in public secondary day schools, by type of organization, and by State, 1948-49 State TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL All public secondary day schools Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided 1 2 3 4 5 United States _ t, 257, 134 3, 694, 124 1, 956, 575 6, 907, 833 Alabama. . . . . 22, 861 29, 424 116, 908 169, 193 Arizona. _ 4, 663 21, 526 3, 919 30, 108 Arkansas _ _ _ _ 11, 169 22, 596 74, 721 108, 486 California _ _ 145, 181 287, 742 59, 313 492, 236 Colorado. _ _ 19, 206 35, 107 15, 450 69,763 Connecticut. _ _ 16, 162 53,009 7, 869 77, 040 Delaware _ _ _ 3, 608 2,001 10, 734 16, 343 Florida _ .. 34, 100 31, 758 70, 305 136, 163 Georgia - - 9,731 102, 051 19, 725 131, 507 Idaho - 6,942 26, 000 2, 896 35, 838 Illinois _ _ _ 21, 926 289, 558 4, 560 316,044 Indiana- _ _ _ 22, 701 92, 901 87, 806 203, 408 Iowa _ _ 27, 147 82, 165 27, 780 137, 092 Kansas.. .. ......... . .. . . 24, 819 64, 731 19, 390 108, 940 Kentucky _ _ _ _ 15, 041 46, 446 55, 028 116, 515 Louisiana... . . . . . 2, 235 50, 015 24, 093 76, 343 Maine. _ _ _ _ 3, 346 26, 138 12, 304 41, 788 Maryland _ _ _ _ _ 25, 356 19,530 55, 717 100, 603 Massachusetts. _ _ _ . ... 68, 589 118, 482 23,152 210, 223 Michigan _ ,, . 68, 963 116, 323 118,834 304,120 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 1. — Total enrollment of pupils in public secondary day schools by type of organization, and by State, 1948-49 — Continued State TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL All public secondary day schools Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided i 2 3 4 5 Minnesota.. - - 20, 208 44, 920 96, 654 161, 782 Mississippi... - - - 2, 969 28, 622 61, 257 92, 848 Missouri _ — . - 15, 481 112, 000 39, 092 166, 573 Montana. _ _ 2, 781 21, 737 4,155 28, 673 Nebraska. - - - - 5,543 51, 294 11, 826 68,663 Nevada _ _ _ _ 1,395 5,055 254 6,704 New Hampshire - - - - 4, 747 11,471 9, 690 25, 908 New Jersey — - - 32, 623 142, 186 18, 176 192, 985 New Mexico .. _ _ 7, 106 15, 487 5, 817 28, 410 New York.. - - 134, 229 377, 049 145, 649 656, 927 North Carolina _ 7,943 138, 779 15, 362 162, 084 North Dakota - - - 2, 322 21, 725 8, 850 32, 897 Ohio... - - 60, 614 145, 491 185, 659 391, 764 Oklahoma _ 32, 503 78, 496 32, 564 143, 563 Oregon - - - 11, 742 51, 184 8, 653 71, 579 Pennsylvania - - 116, 104 216, 271 198, 390 530, 765 Rhode Island . . . 13, 561 15, 947 3, 771 33, 279 South Carolina... - - . 7, 286 38, 277 48, 033 93, 596 South Dakota - - 2, 542 24, 454 5,246 32,242 Tennessee... - - 17, 980 85, 534 25, 302 128, 816 Texas.. - - . . . . 71, 999 214, 902 43, 292 330, 193 Utah... _ _ 22, 050 18, 665 15, 901 56, 616 Vermont _ 237 5, 226 9,807 15, 270 Virginia - - - .. 12, 511 80, 923 36, 701 130, 135 Washington... - - 25, 408 66, 327 19, 632 111,367 West Virginia _ _ 27, 740 35, 535 65, 445 128, 720 Wisconsin - 22, 499 105, 887 26, 181 154, 567 Wyoming . . . 2,600 9, 618 4, 712 16, 930 District of Columbia _ _ 18, 665 13, 559 32, 224 Table 2 .—Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States, 1948—49 {Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Item Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided All public sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total enrollment1 . . English Seventh-grade English _ 1,257, 134 3, 694, 124 1, 956, 575 6, 907, 833 424, 672 423, 522 384, 020 33.8 33.7 30.5 313, 552 346, 635 378, 652 252 337, 911 16.0 17.7 19.4 (2) 17.3 738, 224 770, 157 1, 564, 358 663 1, 397, 234 10.7 11.1 22.6 (3) 20.2 Eighth-grade English. . . Ninth-grade English _ Tenth-grade English: Half year. . _ 801, 686 411 1, 044, 671 21.7 (3) 28.3 Full year.. . . . . . 14, 652 1.2 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Refers to total number of pupils enrolled, not the sum of enrollments in all subjects. 3 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 31 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Item Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided ivii puDnc sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 English— Continued Eleventh-grade English: 7,343 896, 212 15, 059 0.2 2,807 291, 656 4, 075 0.1 10, 150 1, 187, 868 19, 134 836,483 86, 736 0.1 Full year _ 24.3 14.9 17.2 Twelfth-grade English: .4 .2 .3 620, 831 59, 755 104, 810 16.8 215, 652 15, 398 11.0 12. 1 Speech and public speaking: 11, 583 15, 633 5, 411 0.9 1.6 .8 1.3 Full year _ 1.2 2.8 39, 034 2.0 159, 477 2.3 Dramatic art: .4 22,423 .6 5, 433 .3 33, 267 .5 8,063 79 .6 32, 581 5,025 4,599 2,786 .9 9, 046 .5 49, 690 .7 Debate: Half year. _ _ (2) .1 1,446 .1 6, 550 .1 Full year _ ___ ... _ 213 (2) .1 2, 303 .1 7,115 .1 Radio speaking and broadcasting: Half year _ _ _ _ .. _ - _ 22 (2) .1 272 (2) 3, 080 (2) Full year _ _ _ _ 66 (2) 2,378 19,805 .1 355 (2) 2,799 (2) Journalism: Half year _ _ 2,119 4,504 251 .2 .5 5,540 .3 27, 464 .4 Full year _ _ .4 48, 635 2, 282 1.3 19,544 1.0 72,683 1.1 Creative writing: Half year. _ (2) .1 292 (2) 2, 825 (2) Full year _ __ _ 1, 589 (2) 212 (2) 1,801 (2) World literature: Half year 2,462 .1 549 (2) 3, 011 (2) Full year _ 2,261 .1 166 (2) 2, 427 (2) Bible: Half year. „ _ __ _ 1,093 (2) 133 (2) 1,226 (2) Full year. .. _ 780 .1 8,705 .2 1,985 .1 11, 470 .2 Remedial English: Half year _ 2,177 .2 14,844 .4 2,763 .1 19, 784 .3 Full year _ 4,040 1,078 .3 10, 857 .3 1, 942 .1 16, 839 .2 Penmanship: Half year _ _ _ .1 208 (2) 496 (2) 1,782 (2) Full year _ 14, 527 879 1.2 1,544 (2) 2,787 . 1 18, 858 .3 All other English: Half year _ .1 3,390 .1 3,313 .2 7,582 .1 Full year _ 11, 645 .9 4,028 .1 5, 407 .3 21, 080 .3 Social Studies U. S. history (grade 7, 8, or 9): Half year _ _ _ 42, 436 3.4 523 (2) 34, 958 1.8 77, 917 1.1 Full year _ _ 481, 186 38.3 6,531 .2 359, 425 18.4 847, 142 12.3 World history (grade 7 or 8): Half year 8,705 .7 887 (2) 9,592 .1 Full year 14, 244 36, 025 25, 976 3,578 8, 335 61,060 170, 314 55, 672 83,400 1.1 9, 193 .5 23, 437 .3 State history (grade 7 or 8) : Half year 2.9 40. 269 2.1 76, 294 1.1 Full year 2.1 45, 037 2.3 71,013 1.0 Ancient and/or medieval history (grade 7 or 8): Half year .3 623 (2) 4,201 .1 Full year .7 6,574 .3 14, 909 .2 World geography (grade 7 or 8) : Half year 4.9 25,500 1.3 86,560 1.3 Full year 13.5 141, 698 7.2 312,012 4.5 American geography (grade 7 or 8) : Half ypAf 4.4 23, 946 1.2 79, 618 1.2 Full year _ _ - 6.6 1 _ 1 . - 49,068 2.5 132, 468 1.9 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject -title, see the appendix. 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 2 .-—Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] Item TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL All public se c- ondary schools Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Social Studies — Continued Community civics (grade 7, 8, or 9) : Half year. _ 130, 720 10.4 91,916 2.5 74, 739 3.8 297, 375 4.3 Full year _ 210, 992 16.8 236, 703 6.4 194, 963 10.0 642, 658 9.3 Occupations: Half year. _ 38, 270 3.0 46, 488 1.3 20, 865 1.1 105, 623 1.5 Full year _ 20, 844 1.7 15, 163 .4 16, 468 .8 52, 475 .8 Orientation: Half year.. - - 17, 834 1.4 33, 698 .9 10, 115 .5 61,647 .9 Full year _ . . . . . 8, 357 .7 35, 979 1.0 8, 879 .5 53, 215 .8 U. S. history, advanced: Half year.. _ _ 25, 276 .7 6, 612 .3 31, 888 .5 Full year.. _ . 1, 632 .1 910, 636 24.7 287, 538 14.7 1,199, 806 17.4 Latin- American history (grades 9-12): Half year .. .. _ _ 11, 863 .9 6, 756 .2 5,176 .3 23, 795 .3 Full year... ... ... _ 2, 354 .1 479 (2) 2, 833 (2) World history (grades 9-12): Half year _ _ _ _ 5, 165 .4 9, 523 .3 5, 705 .3 20, 393 .3 Full year .. ... . . . . 44, 272 3.5 570, 623 15.4 241, 144 12.3 856, 039 12.4 State history (grades 9-12) : Half year. _ _ _ _ _ 28, 755 2.3 61,254 1.7 33, 145 1.7 123, 154 1.8 Full year ... .. . . _ 4, 515 .4 14, 254 .4 4,808 .2 23, 577 .3 Ancient and/or medieval history (grades 9-12) : Half year.. _ 2,792 .2 6, 729 .2 2,096 .1 11, 617 .2 Full year. . . . _ 10, 934 .9 44, 265 1.2 12, 657 .6 67, 856 1.0 Modern European history (grades 9-12): Half year. _ 1,046 .1 4, 965 .1 989 .1 7,000 .1 Full year .. ... .. _ 3, 663 .3 87, 759 2.4 14, 952 .8 106, 374 1.5 World geography (grades 9-12): Half year _ _ 26, 336 2.0 49, 390 1.3 20, 592 1.1 95, 318 1.4 Fullyear.. .. . . . 37, 998 3.0 95, 933 2.6 42, 720 2.2 176, 651 2.6 American geography (grades 9-12): Half year.. _ _ _ 969 .1 4, 065 .1 880 (2) 5, 914 .1 Full year . . . . 6,045 .5 12, 135 .3 5, 589 .3 23, 769 .3 American government or advanced civics: Half year _ _ _ _ 666 .1 206, 894 5.6 59, 051 3.0 266, 611 3.9 Fullyear . . . 430 (2) 117,894 3.2 46, 981 2.4 165, 305 2.4 Problems of democracy: Half year. _ 44 (2) 48, 552 1.3 20, 291 1.0 68, 887 1.0 Fullyear . . 195 (2) 137, 349 3.7 76,540 3.9 214, 084 3.1 International relations: Half year _ _ _ 6,085 .2 1,209 . 1 7, 294 .1 Full year _ 1,263 (2) 196 (2) 1, 459 (2) Economics: Half year _ 276 (2) 162, 751 4.4 46, 226 2.4 209, 253 3.0 Full year _ 33, 976 .9 11, 541 . 6 45, 517 .7 Sociology: Half year _ 109, 794 3.0 35, 069 1.8 144, 863 2.1 Full year. _ _ 30, 186 .8 10, 852 .6 41, 038 .6 Psychology: Half year _ 26, 847 .7 5,658 .3 32, 505 .5 Fullyear... .. _ 10, 646 .3 3, 396 .2 14, 042 .2 Consumer education: Half year _ _ _ 534 (2) 10, 108 .3 6, 281 .3 16, 923 .2 Full year _ 66 1 (2) 8,606 .2 5,337 .3 14, 009 .2 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 33 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE ■ OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Item Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided aii puunc sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Science Seventh-grade general science: 81, 549 170, 783 83, 223 6. 5 50, 661 170, 908 51, 251 228, 785 3, 834 259, 838 672 2.6 132, 210 341, 691 1.9 Full year _ 13. 6 8.7 4.9 Eighth-grade general science: 6. 6 2.6 134, 474 477, 661 27, 752 1, 046, 182 3, 395 986, 361 1,157 1.9 248; 876 15, 655 19.8 11.7 6.9 Ninth-grade general science: 1.2 8,263 545, 084 0.2 .2 .4 24i; 260 500 19.2 14.8 13.3 15. 1. Biology: ' (2) 1.3 2,223 709, 815 1,157 .1 (2) 13.3 (2) 14.3 Full year _ 16, 193 19.2 260, 353 Botany: Half year. _ (2) .2 (2) .1 Full year _ 5, 898 11, 988 615 (2) 6, 513 Physiology: Half year. _ 27 (2) .3 2, 832 .1 14, 847 .2 Full year _ 31, 412 1,431 3, 274 .9 7,333 .4 38, 745 .6 Zoology: Half year _ (2) 1, 431 (2) Full year _ .1 346 (2) 3,620 .1 Earth science: Half year _ 27 (2) 4, 007 14, 026 1,384 .1 794 (2) 4, 828 .1 Full year _ 320 (2) .4 1, 401 .1 15, 747 .2 Aeronautics: Half year _ (2) 443 (2) 1,827 (2) Full year _ _ .. 128 (2) 10, 088 1, 472 .3 2,916 .1 13, 132 .2 Advanced general science: Half year _ . (2) 348 (2) 1, 820 46, 226 (2) Full year _ 66 (2) 36, 397 192 1.0 9,763 .5 .7 Physical science: Half year _ _ (2) 99 (2) 291 (2> 1 Full year _ 5,645 .2 1, 070 .1 6, 715 Chemistry: Half year _ 1, 005 (2) 526 (2) 1, 531 (2) Full year. _ 302, 505 8.2 102, 626 5.2 405, 131 5.9 Advanced chemistry: Half year . _ 260 (2) 77 (2) 337 (2) Full year _ 1,329 (2) 191 (2) 1, 520 (2) Physics: Half year. _ 860 (2) 424 (2) 1, 284 (2) Full year _ 206, 733 898 5.6 70, 817 3.6 277, 550 4.0 Fundamentals of electricity: Half year _ (2) 121 (2) 1,019 1,398 (2) Full year _ _ _ 1, 214 (2) 184 (2) (?) Radio, including electronics: Half year _ 673 (2) 25 (2) 698 (2) Full year 2,436 .1 114 (2) 2, 550 (2) Advanced biology: Half year 600 (2) 15 (2) 615 (2) Full year 2, 504 .1 457 (2) 2, 961 (2) Conservation: Half year _ 333 (2) 807 (2) 706 (2) 1,846 (2) Full year _ 74 (2) 1,013 (2) 613 (2) 1,700 (2) Related science: Half year 1,829 (2) 289 (2) 2,118 (2) Full vear _ 80 (?) 4, 220 .1 914 (2) 5, 214 .1 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided All public sec¬ ondary schools Item Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mathematics Seventh-grade arithmetic: Half year _ _ Full year _ Eighth-grade arithmetic: Half year _ Full year - - - - Elementary algebra: Half year _ _ .. Full year _ Intermediate algebra: Half year _ Full year _ General mathematics: Half year _ Full year _ Plane geometry: Half year _ Full year _ Solid geometry: Half year.. _ _ _ _ Full year.. - - Trigonometry: Half year _ Full year _ Advanced or college algebra: Half year _ Full year _ Advanced general mathematics: Half year _ Full year _ Mathematics review: Half year _ Full year _ Other mathematics: Half year _ Full year _ 853 0. 1 420, 431 33. 4 8, 877 . 7 408, 320 32. 5 1,177 185, 301 .1 14.7 1, 788 . 1 10, 965 . 9 125, 020 9. 9 3, 309 . 3 315 (3) 5,745 0.2 591, 760 16.0 63, 192 1.7 221, 506 6.0 21, 448 .6 346, 523 9.4 2, 546 .1 451, 532 12.2 60, 392 1.6 8,178 .2 72, 617 2.0 9,651 .3 18,585 .5 9,073 .2 7,485 .2 25, 157 .7 5, 738 .2 4, 718 .1 608 (2) 730 (2) Foreign Languages Spanish (grade 7 or 8) : Half year _ Full year _ Spanish I: Half year _ Full year _ Spanish II: Half year _ Full year _ Spanish III: Half year _ Full year _ Spanish IV : Half year _ Full year _ Latin (grade 7 or 8) : Half year _ Full year.. . . Latin I: Half year - Full year . . 4, 931 . 4 7, 269 . 6 314 36, 870 (2) 2.9 176, 663 4. 8 1, 270 . 1 148 130, 176 125 25, 678 (2) .7 8 4,658 (2) .1 1, 411 . 1 6, 842 . 5 50, 272 4. 0 123, 371 3. 3 276 (2) 1,129 314, 462 16.1 734, 893 649 (2) 9, 526 346, 310 17.7 754, 630 1,289 .1 8, 211 257, 179 13.1 1, 034, 240 16, 175 .8 79,367 69, 491 3.6 292, 785 6,741 .3 39, 154 139, 113 7.1 610, 656 783 (2) 3, 329 141, 166 7.2 596, 007 21, 868 1.1 82, 260 3, 506 .2 11,684 22, 434 1.1 95, 051 3, 849 .2 13, 500 4,195 .2 22, 780 2, 510 .1 11,583 1, 750 .1 9, 235 7, 893 .4 33, 365 1, 106 .1 6, 844 770 (2) 5, 488 105 (2) 713 174 (2) 904 166 (2) 5,097 810 (2) 8, 079 89 (2) 403 39, 591 2.0 253, 124 148 24, 586 1.3 156, 032 125 2,785 .1 28, 463 8 625 (2) 5, 283 289 (2) 1,700 1,407 .1 8,249 84 (2) 84 62, 391 3.2 236, 034 (2) 10.6 .1 10.9 .1 15.0 1.1 4.2 8.8 (2) 8.6 1.2 .2 .3 .2 .1 .5 .1 .1 .1 .1 (2) 3.7 (2) 2.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.4 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 35 Table 2.— Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided All public sec¬ ondary schools Item Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Per¬ cent of total 9 Foreign Languages— Continued Latin II: Halfyear... _ _ ._ _. 154 Full year _ _ 1, 523 0.1 112, 728 Latin III: Half year. _ . . .. 85 Full year . . _ 18, 210 Latin IV: Half year. _ _ _ 8 Full year _ _ _ 5,907 French I: Half year... _. .. ... .. _ 147 00 168 Full year _ _ _ _ 20, 228 1.6 87, 235 French II: Half year ... _ _. -- -. - 16 Full year _ _ _ 282 (2) 72, 692 French III: Half year . . . 23 Full year.. _ _ ..- 21, 758 French IV: Half year _ _ 77 Full year _ _ _ 4,314 German I: Half year _ _ .. _ 49 (2) Full year . . 1,412 .1 18,141 German II: Half year . . . . . . 149 Full year . . . . . 20 (2) 13, 985 German III: Half year 41 Full year 3, 240 General foreign language: Half year _ _ _ _ _ - . . 4, 677 .4 25 Full year _ 5, 498 .4 311 Industrial Arts— Non vocational General shop: Half year . . . . . 40, 977 3.3 12, 242 Full year . . . . 165, 926 13.2 137, 933 Woodworking: Half year _ 54, 958 4.4 23, 662 Full year.. ... .. _ _ _ .. 85, 163 6.8 151,912 Mechanical drawing: Half year.. _ _ _ . 37, 941 3.0 32, 351 Full year _ _ _ _ _ 49.315 3.9 172, 191 Metal work: Half year.. . . . 35, 326 2.8 12, 344 Full year.. . . ... 37, 821 3.0 71,233 Printing: Half year _ _ _ . 20, 173 1.6 5, 376 Full year - - - 23, 474 1.9 24, 472 Electrical work: Half year - - 14, 857 1.2 4,888 Full year.. . . . 12, 739 1.0 20, 532 Handcrafts: Half year. . .. _ 5,832 .5 2, 867 Full year.. . . . . 9, 165 .7 5, 670 Automobile mechanics: Half year. _ _ _ 1,118 .1 4,204 Full year. . 534 (2) 14, 422 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see (2) 31 00 3.1 (2) .5 41, 558 2.1 4,572 .2 (2) 27 00 .2 1,383 .1 (2) 92 (2) 2.4 26,404 1.3 (2) 22 (2) 2.0 17, 672 .9 00 2 00 .6 (2) .1 3,522 .2 629 (2) .5 (2) 3, oii .2 .4 (2) .1 2, 230 .1 359 (2) (2) 1,365 1, 144 .1 (2) .1 .3 18, 636 1.0 3.7 151, 572 7.7 .6 19, 688 1.0 4.1 80, 985 4.1 .9 19, 272 1.0 4.7 53, 619 2.7 .3 7,837 .4 1.9 28, 394 1.5 .1 3, 209 .2 .7 8, 257 .4 .1 4,283 .2 .6 6,547 .3 .1 3,772 .2 .2 4,058 .2 . 1 313 (2) . 4 1, 473 .1 the appendix. 185 00 155, 809 2.3 85 (2) 22, 782 .3 35 (2) 7,290 .1 407 (2) 133, 867 1.9 38 (2) 90, 646 1.3 25 (2) 25, 280 .4 77 (2) 4,943 .1 49 (2) 22, 564 .3 149 (2) 16, 235 .2 41 (2) 3, 599 .1 6,067 .1 6, 953 .1 71, 855 1.0 455, 431 6.6 98, 308 1.4 318, 060 4.6 89, 564 1.3 275, 125 4.0 55, 507 .8 137, 448 2.0 28, 758 .4 56,203 .8 24, 028 .3 39, 818 .6 12, 471 .2 18, 893 .3 5, 635 .1 16, 429 .2 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or few er than 1 pupil in 2,000. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] Item TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Junior Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Regular (4-year) and senior Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Junior-senior and undivided Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total All public sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Industrial Arts— Nonvocational —Continued Home mechanics: Half year.. . Full year . Photography: Half year _ _ _ Full year . Ceramics: Half year . Full year _ Industrial arts I: Half year . . Full year . . Industrial arts II: Half year . . . . Full year . Industrial arts mathematics: Half year.. . . . Full year . 1,356 1,173 137 759 743 .1 5, 636 109 (2) Trade and Industrial Educa¬ tion— V OCATIONAL 2, 770 2, 819 3,179 912 3, 481 197 3, 302 1,107 2,631 1,038 5,703 (2) 0.1 .1 .1 (2) .1 (2) .1 (2) .1 (2) .2 374 1, 638 485 29 701 218 2,126 (2) 0.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) .1 406 604 2, 712 5, 581 3, 425 4,044 1,700 4, 925 415 11, 064 1,107 3,037 1,146 (2) 0.1 (2) i (2) (2) .2 Vocational related subjects: Half year . . Full year.. . Shop mathematics: Half year _ Full year. . Trade science: Half year.. . . Full year . . Diversified occupations: Half year.. . Full year . . General industrial shop: Half year.. . Full year _ Machine shop: Half year.. . Full year . . Automobile mechanics: Half year. . Full year . . Mechanical drafting: Half year. . Full year . Carpentry: Half year . Full year.. . Cabinet making: Half year. . Full year . Radio: Half year.. . Full year . Electrical work: Half year . Full year . . 1,031 '"’367 '”244’ 258 14 '630 (2) "(*)“ ..... 115 (2) 103 374 1,733 (2) 16, 833 .5 2,247 .1 33, 796 .9 2, 938 18, 608 ’.5 80 (2) 6,744 .2 613 (2) 2,821 .1 1,963 .1 35, 005 .9 3, 003 .1 31,377 .8 2, 835 .1 57, 960 1.6 1,743 (2) 10, 205 .3 1,680 (2) 11,663 .3 560 (2) 8, 650 .2 910 (2) 17, 799 .5 659 (2) 1,421 .1 259 (2) 1,671 .1 374 (2) 788 (2) 2,002 .1 500 (2) 739 (2) 6, 453 .3 465 (2) 4, 353 .2 933 (2) 5, 010 .3 158 (2) 2, 508 .1 694 (2) 2, 571 .1 142 (2) 586 (2) 202 (2) 1,368 .1 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. a Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. 2,392 (2) 19, 285 .3 2,506 (2) 35, 834 .5 3, 312 (2) 19,640 .3 80 (2) 8,746 .1 613 (2) 3,321 (2) 2,702 (2) 41,716 .6 3, 468 .1 35, 744 .5 3,768 .1 63, 600 .9 1,901 (2) 12, 713 .2 2, 374 (2) 14, 349 .2 702 (2) 9, 236 .1 1,215 (2) 19, 541 .3 OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 37 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Item Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided aii puDiic sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Trade and Industrial Educa¬ tion— Vocational— Continued Printing: 1,477 10, 347 3,225 (2) 0.3 211 (2) 0. 1 1,688 12, 062 3, 369 4, 778 352 (2) 0. 2 194 (2) 1,521 144 Sheet metal: .1 (2) (2) Q) .1 35 (2) 4, 280 352 . 1 463 Aviation: (2) .1 (2) . 1 5,025 521 142 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 5,167 651 Welding:' (2) .1 130 (2) (2) (2) .1 2, 510 260 158 2,668 266 Cosmetology: Half year _ _ _ _ (2) . 1 6 Full year 4,820 598 5, 418 Business Education General business: Half year 9, 468 60, 623 1,771 21, 475 176 0.8 18, 961 128, 915 .5 8, 386 .4 36, 815 .5 Full year 4.8 3.5 53, 224 2.7 242, 762 3.5 Business arithmetic: Half year- _ _ _ .1 42, 591 1.2 13, 949 .7 58, 311 .8 Full year _ 1.7 121, 124 3.3 48, 780 2.5 191, 379 2.8 Bookkeeping I: Half year _ _ (2) .1 9, 105 284, 331 .2 3, 267 .2 12. 548 .2 Full year 1, 331 7.7 99, 871 5. 1 385, 533 5.6 Bookkeeping II: Half year _ 4,387 .1 846 (2) 5,233 .1 Full year. _ _ 52,299 1.4 12, 105 .6 64,404 .9 Bookkeeping III: Half year _ 465 (2) 86 (2) 551 (2) Full year _ _ 3, 439 . 1 211 (2) 3,650 . 1 Typing I: Half year _ _ _ _ 12, 702 1.0 15,295 588, 064 .4 3, 062 .2 31, 059 .4 Full year 64, 283 5.1 15.9 220, 626 11.3 872, 973 12.6 Typing II: Half year _ _ 363 (2) 12, 023 .3 3, 227 .2 15, 613 .2 Full year _ 525 (2) 209, 317 5.7 77, 848 4.0 287, 690 4.2 Typing III: Half year 506 (2) 16 (2) 522 (2) Full year _ 6,201 .2 1, 337 .1 7, 538 . 1 Shorthand I: Half year _ 217 (2) 3, 859 .1 1, 236 .1 5,312 . 1 Full year . 468 (2) 209, 143 5.7 75, 357 3.9 284, 968 4. 1 Shorthand II: Half year 3, 244 . 1 474 (2) 3, 718 . 1 Full year 91, 988 2.5 33, 145 1.7 125, 133 1.8 Business law: Half year 67, 098 1.8 17, 866 .9 84, 964 1.2 Full year 32, 526 .9 13, 095 .7 45, 621 .7 Business English: Half year _ 116 (2) 16, 996 .5 4, 833 .2 21, 945 .3 Full year.. - . . . 877 .1 24, 847 .7 8, 951 .5 34, 675 .5 Economic geography: Half year _ 397 (2) 25, 373 .7 6,831 .3 32,601 .5 Full year.. . . . 997 .1 45, 168 1.2 11,279 .6 57,444 .8 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or mote States, 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] Item TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL All public sec¬ ondary schools Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Buisness Education— Continued Consumer economics: Half year _ _ _ 15, 705 0.4 4,603 0.2 20, 308 0.3 Full year _ _ _ 326 (2) 13, 452 .4 4,786 .2 18,564 .3 Retailing: Half year. . . . . 60 (2) 9, 880 .3 1, 372 .1 11,312 .2 14, 783 .4 2,075 . 1 16, 858 . 2 Salesmanship: Half year _ _ _ 66 (2) 21, 818 .6 7,966 .4 29,850 .4 16, 871 .5 3, 754 .2 20, 625 .3 Advertising: 3, 867 .1 453 (2) 4, 320 . 1 Full year.. .. . _ _ 1,244 (2) 644 (2) 1, 888 (2) Cooperative office training: Half year.. _ _ 101 (2) 3,440 .1 1, 084 .1 4, 625 .1 Full year . _ 12, 517 .3 4, 310 . 2 16, 827 . 2 Cooperative store training: Half year _ . _ . 1, 554 (2) 463 (2) 2, 017 (2) Full year . . 10, 950 .3 3, 049 .2 13, 999 . 2 Office practice: Half year - - - 524 (2) 14, 412 .4 2,628 .1 17, 564 .3 Full year - - .. _ _ 2, 345 0.2 76, 813 2.1 11.479 .6 90, 637 1.3 Home Economics Junior homemaking (grade 7 or 8) : Half year _ _ _ _ . 44, 576 3.5 19, 786 1.0 64, 362 . 9 Full year _ _ _ . 227, 251 18. 1 88, 937 4. 5 316, 188 4. 6 Junior homemaking for boys (grade 7 or 8): Half year _ _ _ _ 1,830 . 1 125 (2) 1,955 (?) Full year. . .. _ _ . . 5, 343 . 4 1,131 . 1 6,474 . 1 Homemaking, general: Half year _ _ _ ... 115 (2) 6, 810 .2 654 (2) 7, 579 .1 Full year - . .. 1,178 .1 21, 855 .6 13, 256 .7 36, 289 .5 Foods, first year: Half year _ 5,031 .4 26, 991 .7 6, 083 .3 38, 105 .6 Full year _ _ 1,312 .1 59, 407 1.6 12, 148 .6 72, 867 1.1 Foods, second year: Half year _ 470 (2) 13, 071 .4 2, 956 .2 16, 497 .2 Full year . . . . . 174 (2) 21, 213 .6 5, 681 .3 27, 068 .4 Foods, third year: Half year, _ 2,249 .1 297 (2) 2,546 (l) Full year _ _ _ 1,587 (2) 224 (2) 1,811 (2) Clothing, first year: Half year _ 5, 416 .4 26, 736 .7 6, 211 .3 38, 363 .6 Full year.. . 3,136 .2 67, 861 1.8 12, 249 .6 83, 246 1.2 Clothing, second year: Half year _ 97 (2) 16, 979 .5 3, 412 .2 20, 488 .3 Full year... - - 79 (2) 33, 057 .9 6, 608 .3 39,744 .6 Clothing, third year: Half year _ 2,283 .1 420 (2) 2,703 (2) Full year _ _ _ 2, 604 . 1 416 (2) 3, 020 (2) Homemaking I: Half year _ ... ... 1,664 .1 573 (2) 477 (2) 2, 714 (2) Full year. _ _ 99, 343 7.9 205, 286 5.6 125, 547 6.4 430, 176 6.2 Homemaking II: Half year _ 318 (2) 34 (2) 352 (2) Full year - ... .. 3,158 .3 149, 901 4.1 80,664 4.1 233, 723 3.4 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, ; 8 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 39 Table 2.— Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948—49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE ( DF SECONDARY SCHOOL Item Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided ah puDiic sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Home Economics— Continued Homemaking III: Half year.. _ _ _ 624 (2) 1.6 82 0) 1.6 706 (2) 1.3 Full year _ _ _ 59, 079 30,398 89, 477 121 Homemaking IV: 121 (2) .3 (2) .3 11, 855 5, 784 2, 477 .3 17, 639 16,943 24, 369 25, 328 15, 763 22, 074 Home management: Half year _ _ _ 75 (2) (2) (2) (2) 14, 391 19, 451 20, 386 13, 696 18, 094 .4 .1 .2 Full year _ _ _ 269 .5 4, 649 4, 578 1,883 .2 .4 Health and home nursing: 364 .6 .2 .4 Full year... . _ 184 .4 .1 .2 Family relationships: .5 3, 980 2,082 .2 .3 Full year _ 46 (2) 7,107 7, 172 1,904 .2 .1 9,235 .1 Child development: Half year . .2 858 (2) 8,030 .1 Full year _ .1 950 (2) 2, 854 (2) Consumer buying: Half year _ _ _ . 2, 783 .1 1, 179 .1 3, 962 .1 Full year _ _ 734 (2) 396 (2) 1, 130 (2) (2) The house: Half year _ .. ... 1, 475 886 (2) 52 (2) 1,527 Full year _ (2) 292 (2) 1,178 2,248 (2) Related arts: Half year _ 1, 921 4, 781 .1 327 (2) (2) .1 Full year _ _ _ _ 17 (2) .1 173 (2) 4, 971 Agriculture Agriculture (grade 7 or 8): Half year 2,384 251 0.2 1, 771 .1 4, 155 Full year _ (2) 4,804 .2 5, 055 !i Agriculture I: Half year 389 (2) 255 (2) 644 (2) Full year _ _ 4, 756 .4 102, 747 2.8 51, 212 2.6 158, 715 2.3 Agriculture II: Half year _ 127 (2) 110 (2) 237 (*) Full year _ 285 (2) 67, 321 1.8 32, 870 1.7 100, 476 1.5 Agriculture III: Half year _ _ 103 (2) 17 (2) 120 (2) Full year .. 49, 321 1.3 23,098 1.2 72, 419 1.0 Agriculture IV: Half year 47 (2) 77 (2) 124 (2) Full year 22, 422 .6 9, 028 .5 31, 450 .5 Health, Safety, and Physical Education Physical education: Half year _ 36, 511 1, 112, 086 2.9 39, 019 1.1 33, 664 1.7 109, 194 1.6 Full year _ 88.5 2, 526, 544 68.4 1, 367, 828 69.9 5, 006, 458 72.5 Health: Half year _ .. 66, 871 5.3 117, 231 3.2 88, 895 4.5 272, 997 4.0 Full year _ 386, 768 23, 012 30.8 732, 978 19.8 423, 826 21.7 1, 543, 572 22.3 Hygiene: Half year _ _ _ 1.8 52, 355 1.4 23, 946 1.2 99,313 1.4 Full year - 102, 487 8.2 90, 696 2.5 41, 826 2.1 235,009 3.4 Note. — For list of courses included uuder each subject-title, see the appendix. * Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 2. — Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] Item TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL All public sec¬ ondary schools Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Health Safety, and Physical E ducation — C ontinued Safety: Half year . . . 14, 049 1.1 74, 329 2.0 27, 945 1.4 116, 323 1.7 Full year. . 48, 949 3.9 55, 039 1.5 33, 645 1.7 137, 633 2.0 Driver education: Half year . . . . . . 12,011 1.0 103,826 2.8 42, 091 2.2 157, 928 2.3 Full year . . . 1,090 .1 33, 111 .9 14, 342 .7 48,543 .7 Military drill: Half year.. . . . . 276 (2) 1, 392 (2) 89 (2) 1,757 (2) Full year . . . 3, 225 .3 55, 170 1.5 7, 549 .4 65, 944 1.0 Music Chorus: Half year - - - - - 20, 257 1.6 21, 947 .6 9, 699 .5 51, 903 .8 Full year . . . . 164. 245 13.1 310, 685 8.4 167, 205 8.5 642, 135 9.3 Band: Half year . . . 3,739 .3 12, 085 .3 5, 399 .3 21, 223 .3 Full year . . 68, 860 5.5 264, 100 7.1 153,917 7.9 486, 877 7.0 Glee club: Half year . . . 8,539 .7 22, 238 .6 7, 666 .4 38, 443 .6 Full year . . . 81, 698 6.5 244, 523 6.6 137, 355 7.0 463, 576 6.7 Music appreciation: Half year _ _ _ 36, 039 2.9 20, 319 .6 10, 425 .5 66, 783 1.0 Full year - - - - 114,249 9.1 83, 017 2.2 75, 502 3.9 272, 768 3.9 General or public school music: Half year.. - - 21,383 1.7 2, 900 .1 10,326 .5 34, 609 .5 Full year _ _ _ 126, 943 10.1 28, 703 .8 51, 335 2.6 206, 981 3.0 Orchestra: Half year . . . . 2,155 .2 7,180 .2 1,392 .1 10, 727 .2 Full year. . . . 37, 438 3.0 54, 364 1.5 29, 605 1.5 121, 407 1.8 Harmony: Half year . 3,633 .3 2, 667 .1 1,916 .1 8, 216 .1 Full year - - - - - 6,706 .5 16, 878 .5 6, 705 .3 30, 289 .4 Instrumental music: Half year . . . 232 (2) 867 (2) 78 (2) 1,177 (2) Full year - - 2,512 .2 9,048 .2 2,892 . 1 14, 452 .2 Theory and practice: Half year _ _ _ _ 286 (2) 959 (2) 217 (2)1 1,462 (2) Full year . . 1, 576 .1 7, 685 .2 1,912 11,173 .2 Art Art I: Half year . . . 1,514 .1 2, 228 .1 2, 645 .1 6, 387 . 1 Full year . . . 4, 244 .3 16, 712 .5 5,887 .3 26, 843 .4 Art II: Half year.. . 28 (2) 1,035 (2) 513 (2) 1,576 (2) Full year . . 23 (2) 8. 927 .2 2,182 .1 11, 132 .2 Art III: Half year _ _ _ 491 (2) 125 (2) 616 (2) Full year _ _ 3, 389 .1 135 (2) 3, 524 .1 Art IV: Half year _ _ _ 1,365 (2)1 22 (2) 1,387 (2) Full year _ _ 2, 402 177 (2) 2, 579 (2) Freehand drawing: Half year . . . 57, 267 4.6 15,319 .4 12, 486 .6 85, 072 1.2 Full year . 153, 319 12.2 83, 259 2.3 61, 301 3.1 297, 879 4.3 Art appreciation: Half year . . 63,786 5.1 17, 557 .5 14, 840 .8 96,183 1.4 Full year - - - - - 138, 503 11.0 76, 076 2.1 59, 179 3.0 273, 758 4.0 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. * Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 41 Table 2 .—Secondary school enrollment in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49— Continued [Public secondary day schools, classified by type of organization] TYPE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL Item Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided ah puuiiu sec¬ ondary schools Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total Subject enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent of total i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Art— Continued General art: Half year . . 40, 880 3.3 5,082 0.1 11,916 0.6 57, 878 0.8 Full year . .. . 105, 894 8.4 36, 448 1.0 53, 517 2.7 195, 859 2.8 Applied art: Half year.. . . . 11,634 .9 9, 957 .3 4, 345 .2 25, 936 .4 Full year - - - 26, 768 2.1 41,641 1.1 20, 428 1.0 88, 837 1.3 Commercial art: Half year... . 303 (2) 5,692 .2 1,688 .1 7,683 .1 Full year . . . . 3,485 .3 22, 834 .6 4, 027 .2 30, 346 .4 School service art: Half year _ _ 1,051 .1 2, 123 .1 364 (2) 3, 538 .1 Full year . . . . . 177 (2) 2,353 .1 150 (2) 2,680 (2) Other Instruction or Courses Group guidance: Half year - - 2,997 .2 1,152 (2) 2,598 .1 6,747 .1 Full year... . . . . 67, 368 5.4 11,428 .3 6, 421 .3 85, 217 1.2 Student service: Half year. _ _ 2, 426 .2 571 (2) 84 (2) 3,081 (2) Full year - - 2, 557 .2 2,664 .1 503 (2) 5, 724 .1 Instruction to special groups: Full year - - - 979 .1 1, 076 (2) 231 (2) 2,286 (2) Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the append! j 2 Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State Total en¬ rollment English Grade 7 Grade 8 1 Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Half year Full year Half year Full year i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States. 6, 907, 833 738, 224 770, 157 1, 564, 358 663 1, 397, 234 10, 150 1, 187, 868 169, 193 31, 299 29, 753 31, 797 27, 667 24, 094 30, 108 2, 455 2, 432 7,408 6, 314 808 4. 248 108, 486 19, 596 18, 103 22, 535 18, 133 15, 338 492, 236 58, 391 57, 098 106, 532 100, 968 7, 894 64, 436 69, 763 10, 410 9, 868 14, 164 12, 156 164 9, 093 77 040 6, 551 6, 466 17, 695 16, 191 15, 464 16, 343 3^ 110 2, 834 2, 939 2, 644 1, 960 136, 163 26, 621 24, 302 25, 596 22, 459 18, 870 131, 507 3, 798 9, 529 34, 555 31, 846 28, 275 35' 838 3, 214 3, 251 8, 051 7,573 7, 242 316, 044 8. 288 8, 806 86, 526 122 74, 961 65, 020 Indiana _ 203, 408 22, 440 23, 604 45, 902 39, 379 704 35, 466 137, 092 13, 942 14, 935 30,001 27, 429 20 25, 269 108, 940 12, 014 11,690 23, 483 22, 273 20, 058 Kentucky _ _ 116,515 15, 562 14, 512 28, 883 21, 950 18, 844 Louisiana . . . 76, 343 3,267 7, 140 23, 339 18, 924 15, 740 Maine _ _ 41, 788 2,770 3,317 10, 881 8, 868 8, 264 Maryland . _ 100, 603 20, 717 20, 199 20, 608 16, 632 11, 712 Massachusetts _ 210, 223 27, 408 27, 131 43, 441 38, 518 37, 096 Michigan . . 304, 120 40,246 42, 627 63, 270 58, 168 48, 454 Minnesota _ 161, 782 19, 678 19, 629 33, 855 30, 992 28, 855 Mississippi _ 92, 848 12, 363 12, 966 20, 628 17, 894 15, 292 Missouri _ 166, 573 8, 729 12, 725 42, 534 39, 481 30, 910 Montana _ _ 28, 673 1, 682 1, 747 7,678 6, 128 30 5, 646 Nebraska _ 68, 663 3,821 3, 729 16, 912 15, 545 162 13, 141 Nevada _ 6,704 441 508 1,780 1, 530 1, 380 New Hampshire _ 25, 908 3,411 3, 105 5, 760 4, 862 4, 374 New Jersey _ 192, 985 12, 812 12, 901 46, 044 289 42, 960 39, 179 New Mexico _ 28, 410 3, 467 3, 338 6, 586 5,898 4,800 New York _ 656, 927 68, 119 68, 020 146, 971 129,412 110, 704 North Carolina . 162. 084 5,231 6,019 50, 227 39, 537 31,916 North Dakota __ 32, 897 1, 998 1,959 7, 994 7, 616 16 6, 762 Ohio _ _ 391, 764 53, 347 52, 300 82, 116 73, 291 255 63, 470 Oklahoma _ 143, 563 17, 265 16, 432 31, 543 29, 041 24, 649 Oregon _ 71, 579 5,393 6, 147 17, 101 15, 388 13, 740 Pennsylvania _ 530, 765 62, 949 65, 720 110, 592 252 105, 208 94. 315 Rhode Island _ 33, 279 5, 488 5, 396 6, 216 6, 186 5,089 South Carolina _ 93, 596 8, 115 15, 014 21, 548 19, 456 16, 371 South Dakota _ 32, 242 1, 748 1,576 8, 265 7, 176 6, 740 Tennessee _ 128, 816 11, 464 10, 903 35, 811 27, 726 22, 653 Texas _ 330, 193 32, 262 34, 792 68, 612 68. 484 61,201 Utah. . . 56, 616 8,833 10, 388 10, 921 9, 690 7,512 Vermont _ 15, 270 1, 595 1, 596 3,578 3, 079 2, 713 Virginia . . 130, 135 4,831 14, 722 34, 127 28, 805 24, 368 Washington _ _ 111, 367 10, 791 12, 297 24, 195 23, 907 20, 575 West Virginia _ 128, 720 22. 621 20, 756 27,792 22, 111 18, 147 Wisconsin. _ 154, 567 9, 444 9, 904 37, 098 34, 364 97 31, 366 Wyoming _ 16, 930 1, 930 1,722 3, 986 3, 480 2,683 District of Colum¬ 32,224 6,297 6,249 6, 282 4,934 4, 874 bia. Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 In schools with an 11-year system, the eighth year has been tabulated under Grade 9, the ninth year under Grade 10, etc. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 43 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 ary day schools] English— Con. Speech and Public Speaking Dramatic Art Debate Radio Speak¬ ing and Broadcasting State Grade 12 Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 30 19, 134 836, 483 86, 736 159, 477 33, 267 49, 690 6, 550 7, 115 3, 080 3, 799 United States. 19, 576 956 2,411 141 465 40 367 Alabama. 2, 406 789 816 226 558 14 Arizona. 38 lb 668 816 2, 549 280 258 157 Arkansas. 7,809 23; 102 7,519 9| 063 4,284 10, 824 71 358 254 559 California. 181 6, 110 836 4, 101 334 1, 055 35 109 Colorado. 14, 172 84 1,449 16 153 147 Connecticut. 2, 016 167 319 165 Delaware. 14, 221 1, 471 3, 647 105 810 62 92 Florida. 131 21, 106 '367 709 234 200 88 12 172 77 Georgia. 282 3, 806 132 1, 896 693 93 50 Idaho. 694 35,499 6,035 8,057 2, 171 2,101 126 199 96 99 Illinois. 2,610 13, 711 3, 208 3,048 955 1, 303 237 147 89 107 Indiana. 1, 390 13, 520 4,169 3,060 778 637 115 111 44 63 Iowa. 204 2, 810 1, 369 3,144 771 890 472 321 90 Kansas. 14, 001 1, 473 914 434 576 60 107 Kentucky. 4, 890 750 1, 637 192 138 32 87 Louisiana. 7, 443 288 749 68 60 49 Maine. 9, 465 139 1. 100 46 263 27 Maryland. 34, 212 1, 141 4, 775 349 956 614 360 22 36 Massachusetts. 446 29, 403 4,209 7, 682 3,057 1,689 698 435 304 249 Michigan. 26, 594 1, 543 4, 173 675 470 78 22 47 114 Minnesota. 12, 676 240 903 179 135 170 Mississippi. 619 16, 991 2, 843 8, 880 1, 551 1,364 218 152 183 81 Missouri. 75 2, 746 545 334 338 82 177 45 44 Montana. 918 6,974 1. 620 1, 456 893 1, 074 86 177 35 Nebraska. 532 198 356 80 178 15 Nevada. 4, 244 275 22 New Hampshire. 36, 183 1, 537 4,833 268 1, 189 81 84 150 New Jersey. 2, 788 246 655 118 191 New Mexico. 841 101, 911 17, 814 8, 898 5,788 2,070 251 54 1,056 245 New York. 67 25,983 666 1, 529 657 1,496 535 313 52 North Carolina. 36 5, 815 859 251 91 61 52 52 North Dakota. 675 37,220 5,271 11, 665 1, 673 3, 857 186 585 233 336 Ohio. 19, 898 1, 967 9, 270 210 582 241 314 Oklahoma. 19 9,356 1,052 1,746 466 1, 199 58 72 62 25 Oregon. 53 82,545 1, 629 11, 502 957 3, 390 597 291 19 87 Pennsylvania. 4, 623 600 149 96 90 Rhode Island. 11, 944 624 745 82 1, 149 8 114 South Carolina. 52 5, 326 788 351 470 124 123 122 South Dakota. 18’ 937 222 2, 285 35 246 43 19 Tennessee. 194 44,830 5, 187 13, 833 1,938 1, 621 393 466 179 59 Texas. 4, 884 515 1. 945 527 829 237 384 99 Utah. 2, 559 22 146 375 Vermont. 20 137 552 1 719 90 1, 437 16 80 Virginia. 1, 561 8l 818 1,947 1, 989 852 1, 135 171 278 146 26 Washington. 117 13, 002 150 2, 171 532 12 62 West Virginia. 2o] 036 1, 809 5, 794 713 732 319 239 59 Wisconsin. 122 1, 686 186 346 99 114 35 27 Wyoming. 4,108 186 152 80 152 District of Colum¬ bia. 943949° — 51 4 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State Journalism Creative Writing World Litera¬ ture Bible Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 United States. 27,464 72, 683 2,825 1, 801 3, 011 2, 427 1,226 11,470 164 477 82 Arizona _ 310 613 53 326 Arkansas . . . 374 1, 995 39 251 2,701 9,963 417 75 1,272 1,695 Colorado . 259 1,483 14 Connecticut _ 10 328 8 26 34 Delaware. _ 242 123 1, 443 73 337 322 880 69 40 777 Idaho . . . 136 1, 066 43 119 416 Illinois . . 1,721 3, 151 276 94 125 102 Indiana _ 1,425 1,970 55 159 36 ' 801 1, 693 33 51 18 21 260 2, 548 102 497 524 54 115 220 Louisiana _ 21 260 Maine _ 40 Maryland _ 41 1, 323 35 Massachusetts _ 173 625 23 18 571 Michigan . . 2,284 3,037 40 64 74 69 15 Minnesota . . 510 1,434 22 19 Mississippi- _ 116 320 259 Missouri.. 904 2,039 18 35 219 Montana _ 685 998 21 Nebraska _ 855 1, 024 45 51 48 Nevada _ 82 104 New Hampshire _ 15 "New Jersey 467 1, 195 42 219 24 New Mexico _ _ 138 366 40 New York _ 4, 107 2,067 942 289 526 45 North Carolina . 216 1,035 54 1,967 North Dakota _ 733 500 Ohio.. . . 1, 931 5, 467 282 127 114 40 21 405 Oklahoma _ 186 2,090 52 25 65 Oregon _ 317 1, 974 47 45 31 Pennsylvania .... 578 2,365 61 92 75 1,254 Rhode Island. . 303 South Carolina . _ 15 678 South Dakota _ 1, 245 922 71 Tennessee 61 148 123 626 Texas _ 507 4, 965 35 301 639 Utah . 165 661 2,877 Vermont.. _ 157 Virginia _ 91 1,030 157 102 Washington ... 953 3,003 267 43 31 West Virginia _ 234 2, 554 38 770 Wisconsin 479 996 41 450 32 Wyoming 140 346 District of Colum¬ 127 266 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 45 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] Remedial ENGLISH Penmanship All other English U. S. History (grade 7,8, OR 9) World History (grade 7 OR 8) State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 20 19, 784 16, 839 1, 782 18,858 7,582 21,080 77,917 847, 142 9, 592 23,437 United States. 81 144 190 14, 562 16, 352 677 1, 305 Alabama. 243 54 4, 235 Arizona. 264 70 1, 267 20, 862 147 Arkansas. 6, 523 1,821 253 642 1,450 2, 862 59, 175 579 321 California. 60 52 23 204 2,362 9, 269 506 1,855 Colorado. 48 91 34 7,960 104 Connecticut. 140 3, 978 90 Delaware. 225 243 65 241 26, 052 Florida. 140 47 1,845 4, 122 54 Georgia. 242 50 59 3, 518 Idaho. 842 2, 614 512 7 672 1,225 10, 615 234 936 niinois. 478 15 117 2, 964 35, 705 564 45 Indiana. 145 131 845 943 1,332 16, 715 19 Iowa. 55 266 1,228 18 5 1,334 13, 565 1,484 288 Kansas. 64 53 14 3, 074 14, 408 361 586 Kentucky. 3, 343 Louisiana. 24 454 4, 575 Maine. 274 237 20, 131 892 Maryland. 15 1, 124 8, 534 688 2, 301 5,242 38, 319 144 345 Massachusetts. 330 327 416 844 240 296 5, 493 44, 414 1,571 475 Michigan. 125 45 348 24, 304 39 Minnesota. 473 13, 794 Mississippi. 574 898 15 466 16, 560 Missouri. 20 288 474 1,451 Montana. 76 1, 210 34 367 4, 296 Nebraska. 1,185 64 Nevada. 70 6,157 New Hampshire. 193 1,088 17 930 20, 299 441 New Jersey. 17 15 858 3, 575 New Mexico. 7, 321 2,058 488 632 172 96, 479 New York. 68 647 4, 825 55 North Carolina. 4 605 2, 016 North Dakota. 313 927 175 898 71 4, 865 61, 673 463 108 Ohio. 73 429 37 908 2, 943 16, 196 60 Oklahoma. 319 509 232 42 1,302 5, 499 18 Oregon. 753 1,833 3,286 3,675 12, 169 2, 807 73,885 928 14, 124 Pennsylvania. 92 405 1, 874 7,550 Rhode Island. 274 510 14, 991 100 111 South Carolina. 256 1,341 South Dakota. 20 38 294 11, 427 Tennessee. 276 161 50 1,008 32 6,750 29, 960 100 355 Texas. 182 336 35 376 512 298 9,444 Utah. 38 22 494 1,978 117 Vermont. 53 338 960 6,341 82 104 Virginia. 212 341 321 12 158 14, 560 Washington. 178 1,317 21, 666 West Virginia. 127 164 88 45 11,809 360 Wisconsin. 9 32 172 2,022 Wyoming. 126 147 32 1,941 5,667 1,695 187 District of Colum¬ bia. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Secondary school enrollment , by State, [All public second State State History (grade 7 OR 8) Ancient and/or Medieval History (grade 7 OR 8) World Geography (GRADE 7 OR 8) American Geog- graphy (GRADE 7 OR 8) Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 United States. 76, 294, 71,013 4, 201 14, 909 86, 560 312, 012 79, 618 133, 468 Alabama. . . 14, 247 1,739 1,054 569 4,099 19, 221 3,680 5, 777 Arizona.. _ 240 1,136 400 153 1,362 1,689 55 1,285 6, 890 838 4, 082 3, 976 919 453 8, 110 19, 914 20, 279 502 l' 307 518 450 1,030 4, 140 518 514 789 86 448 4, 531 260 1, 213 40 160 539 152 780 266 52 1, 160 19, 745 594 4, 382 1,459 806 1, 448 763 437 1, 258 l' 425 92 254 1, 445 254 330 500 721 4, 727 336 1, 718 2,847 882 2, 350 4, 198 2, 410 3, 450 l' 159 19 336 1,070 5,785 1,398 3,020 Kansas . . 1, 431 150 50 180 1,877 4, 969 196 1,373 7, 043 2,253 2,230 4,792 3, 579 1,381 Louisiana _ _ 135 6,051 139 Maine _ 137 83 397 920 113 1,041 Maryland _ 411 1, 063 3, 137 9, 387 333 3, 588 Massachusetts _ 612 429 7,308 13, 458 4, 555 12, 115 Michigan - - 2, 433 519 613 65 4,382 15, 765 2,496 5, 009 Minnesota _ _ 2, 621 3, 162 1, 886 12, 598 249 1,738 Mississippi _ 3, 842 6,410 231 Missouri _ 228 1, 731 390 166 3, 141 248 1, 579 Montana _ 66 153 831 366 454 Nebraska _ 586 220 2,432 192 380 Nevada _ 1 185 405 36 405 New Hampshire _ 37 587 2, 382 568 591 New Jersey _ _ 222 389 1,680 7, 784 554 2, 408 New Mexico _ _ 594 741 336 2, 115 532 1, 502 New York _ 2, 491 13, 320 2, 763 3, 339 13, 260 3, 427 14, 743 North Carolina _ 552 4, 144 1,058 570 500 796 North Dakota _ 289 292 1,044 115 Ohio _ 2,505 109 189 265 4, 094 30, 640 2, 602 9, 047 Oklahoma _ _ 1, 740 330 2,508 6, 471 716 364 Oregon _ _ 621 705 30 2, 170 544 Pennsylvania _ 766 400 799 8, 727 13, 409 43, 132 9, 566 22, 027 Rhode Island _ 80 358 688 2, 098 559 1,796 South Carolina - 1,284 2, 814 162 189 640 3, 969 901 1,343 South Dakota _ 634 959 Tennessee _ _ 1, 788 5, 090 767 1, 652 827 3, 029 Texas 8, 272 9,890 28 4,739 3, 919 7, 233 4, 524 Utah . . 4, 158 2, 085 2, 969 1,235 344 1, 109 Vermont _ _ 434 50 298 735 88 151 Virginia _ 80 500 2, 166 460 1,097 Washington . . 158 293 2,278 3, 102 2,239 3, 853 West Virginia _ 1, 823 398 360 16, 261 4, 978 Wisconsin _ _ 116 241 640 4, 286 1, 144 1,195 Wyoming . . . 172 251 604 885 604 460 District of Colum¬ 507 2,466 bia. Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 47 in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] Community Civics (grade 7, 8, or 9) Occupations Orientation U. S. History, Advanced Latin Ameri¬ can History (grades 9-12) State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 20 297, 375 642, 658 105, 623 52,475 61, 647 53,215 31, 888 1,199,806 23, 795 2, 833 United States. 1, 195 27, 542 852 3,003 91 315 172 20, 216 Alabama. 1,054 2, 360 724 697 1, 385 66 5, 155 90 130 Arizona. 2, 886 16, 113 2,016 1,612 332 193 358 14, 767 45 Arkansas. 27, 099 23,890 5, 626 1, 154 19, 390 17, 638 3,857 84, 028 17,649 103 California. 2, 931 6, 549 2, 587 141 3, 152 1,271 637 10, 826 Colorado. 1 039 6, 558 1,067 977 353 17, 748 81 72 Connecticut 104 2, 903 ’ 140 221 2, 210 Delaware. 3,012 19, 302 1,589 64 754 807 17, 988 227 63 Florida. 6, 937 16, 909 8, 430 1,540 1,370 144 2, 385 23, 035 Georgia. 2, 769 I] 394 1, 291 144 226 946 1,088 5, 954 80 Idaho. 5, 979 15, 602 5, 801 381 1, 546 2,089 957 63, 484 942 300 Illinois. 4,290 6, 412 4, 147 715 1,095 946 686 35, 601 85 62 Indiana. 8, 346 6,597 4,411 1, 336 749 531 1, 072 25, 081 56 Iowa. S 747 4, 905 5,019 56 1, 613 202 19, 886 Kansas. 4, 995 18,662 628 809 177 222 331 17, 088 267 Kentucky. 140 15,884 404 1, 414 86 133 10, 648 Louisiana. 562 5, 801 1, 247 458 479 8, 698 146 Maine. 3, 931 13, 654 582 861 964 11,741 Maryland. 6, 023 21,228 2, 524 3,487 1,664 1,541 585 36, 248 418 17 Massachusetts. 16,061 25,600 9, 721 1,426 4,804 2, 656 1,216 47, 972 330 Michigan. 2 240 11, 956 3, 184 2, 555 783 1, 547 28, 826 Minnesota. 8] 436 10, 903 1, 291 101 381 148 15,104 Mississippi. 2, 663 34, 029 916 304 1,610 1, 281 31,754 34 Missouri. 1,464 1,734 446 148 916 921 564 5,141 22 26 Montana. 2, 560 1, 278 1, 581 337 1, 332 589 772 13,443 Nebraska. 352 310 877 Nevada. 496 3, 257 323 538 4, 382 20 New Hampshire. 3, 211 13, 358 3,845 2,084 587 692 423 62, 113 472 237 New Jersey. 171 3,025 148 33 40 516 3, 663 New Mexico. 37, 196 44,580 4, 167 2, 605 2, 587 1,891 757 114, 630 21 227 New York. 663 28, 936 711 983 121 132 30, 789 31 North Carolina. 2 554 617 584 44 2, 124 385 7, 076 North Dakota. 8] 933 33, 356 1, 896 380 3’, 644 4, 983 4, 235 62, 455 585 253 Ohio. 21,358 11, 309 1, 523 634 561 188 23, 224 367 93 Oklahoma. 2 388 3, 056 600 24 1, 791 1,943 2, 155 11,624 Oregon. 60, 551 44, 865 6, 994 12, 157 1,678 3, 577 200 98,903 124 485 Pennsylvania. 560 3, 182 278 5, 435 279 680 4, 372 36 Rhode Island. 633 ll] 417 466 484 42 15, 126 49 South Carolina. 556 1, 408 607 184 452 204 922 6,001 190 South Dakota. 357 18, 132 651 18 66 19, 477 29 Tennessee. 12, 713 13, 087 6,159 1,395 477 530 469 55, 789 275 91 Texas. 1, 132 8, 685 614 450 7, 617 386 Utah. 491 2 384 136 13 247 111 3, 109 Vermont. 3 419 26' 180 3, 007 1, 146 855 1, 943 23, 865 16 Virginia. 8] 334 2, 183 2, 250 2,061 600 4, 445 15, 979 573 52 Washington. 1 653 24, 546 1, 781 773 123 64 17, 711 349 West Virginia. 4] 604 24] 610 1, 812 444 315 370 31,640 93 92 Wisconsin. 438 2, 368 229 78 250 37 202 2, 529 75 Wyoming. 2, 501 618 4, 213 162 District of Co¬ lumbia. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State, in [All public second State World History (grades 9-12) State History (grades 9-12) Ancient and/or Medieval History (grades 9-12) Modern European History (grades 9-12) Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Full year year year year year year year year 1 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 United States. 20, 393 856, 039 123, 154 23, 577 11,617 67,856 7, 000 106, 374 Alabama _ 700 17, 060 1, 523 985 336 2,512 125 1, 854 2,607 836 65 61 Arkansas - 230 13, 487 301 132 72 575 7 391 California _ 5. 263 38, 148 3, 729 1, 658 1.433 2, 088 1,408 3, 155 Colorado. . . 111 6,360 1,936 250 253 166 143 276 6,147 43 155 3,830 2,836 1, 150 38 118 69 381 476 16, 511 1, 003 63 922 Georgia _ 1,410 21, 698 1, 999 1, 267 245 751 414 810 Idaho _ 5, 138 91 303 328 Illinois _ 630 33, 907 315 132 248 3,903 700 9,614 640 22, 456 184 129 430 265 Iowa _ 537 22; 414 170 57 372 634 343 341 9, 973 118 74 97 12 317 Kentucky - - 477 li 615 14 92 945 2,541 157 1, 635 Louisiana.. _ 7,531 250 66 802 43 1, 819 Maine 4, 739 155 361 266 Maryland _ 18, 924 128 86 371 903 Massachusetts _ 184 13, 789 16 855 9, 844 321 6, 476 Michigan . 770 40, 175 761 90 100 2,276 277 2,550 Minnesota _ 23, 823 65 213 140 2,489 Mississippi _ 138 14. 929 296 57 226 301 929 Missouri.. _ 166 36, 613 5, 176 645 733 483 172 Montana _ _ 4, 470 207 139 77 58 109 Nebraska 754 12, 075 271 44 111 44 30 Nevada _ 765 21 92 New Hampshire _ 46 2, 172 91 120 798 26 733 New Jersey _ 565 14, 933 152 422 7,429 245 5,688 New Mexico . . 3, 776 74 162 485 54 48 New York . . 495 101, 278 561 376 2,531 2, 298 1, 516 28, 499 North Carolina . 22 16, 074 224 1, 065 357 2, 108 82 1,687 North Dakota _ 36 7, 419 157 140 320 Ohio 277 55, 330 704 358 1, 542 104 2, 816 Oklahoma _ 686 12, 859 17, 865 1, 211 159 878 5, 427 Oregon _ 196 8, 854 50 47 Pennsylvania - 1, 399 77, 937 58, 587 4, 963 857 3,811 331 8,867 Rhode Island _ 230 1. 192 330 1,916 1, 749 South Carolina _ 73 12, 566 28 901 387 South Dakota _ 5, 522 69 19 96 Tennessee 8, 173 35 4, 127 2,849 Texas . . 1,497 53, 118 10, 856 4. 186 181 1, 554 27 1, 998 Utah... 6,019 Vermont _ 1. 279 97 20 545 Virginia _ 254 13, 128 96 500 541 2,673 80 1, 563 Washington- . . . 814 10, 499 13, 669 3,487 44 173 222 222 West Virginia. _ 128 12, 378 128 444 128 110 210 Wisconsin _ 509 18, 244 375 191 1,543 32 2,760 Wyoming- _ 339 2,484 358 300 94 District of Colum¬ 1,301 589 1,788 885 bia. Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 49 subjects offered in 15 or more States, 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] World Geography (grades 9-12) American Geography (GRADES 9-12) American Gov’t or Ad¬ vanced Civics Problems of Democracy International Relations State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 20 95, 318 176, 651 5,914 23, 769 266, 611 165, 305 68, 887 214, 084 7,294 1, 459 United States. 325 859 261 367 3, 559 4,775 6, 127 3, 620 Alabama. 112 3, 120 735 1, 210 41 105 Arizona. 872 1,745 209 251 1, 822 4,651 736 1, 614 Arkansas. 25, 432 11, 838 509 560 34, 056 6, 825 16, 431 11, 901 605 534 California. 204 963 86 1, 168 1, 949 466 766 49 Colorado. 262 1, 144 115 263 1, 338 1,278 1, 241 4,362 Connecticut. ' 641 ' 210 334 136 668 Delaware. 1, 048 1, 039 157 3, 589 2. 567 437 2, 510 38 Florida. 2 399 3, 277 149 508 5, 320 7, 748 982 2,639 Georgia. 321 ' 649 3', 187 582 465 38 Idaho. 3, 634 6, 193 342 1, 107 22, 374 4, 966 2,437 2,398 165 30 Illinois. 1,908 2,914 120 240 16, 999 10, 531 3, 275 1,118 425 Indiana. 2, 365 2, 329 226 89 15, 174 3, 851 1, 726 1, 420 12 Iowa. 806 2,296 177 12, 202 6, 241 1, 582 166 1,462 70 Kansas. 1, 352 2,047 112 167 3, 049 5, 095 493 1, 437 87 21 Kentucky. 72 1, 436 43 166 172 7, 599 593 1, 300 Louisiana. 571 1, 026 276 210 94 981 74 2, 239 Maine. 551 4, 660 888 945 214 5, 258 Maryland. 1, 304 5,538 100 697 1, 841 3, 300 857 11, 691 75 Massachusetts. 4, 125 4,696 351 187 31, 971 3,308 1, 992 1, 276 522 Michigan. 1,006 927 14 2,037 4. 679 459 15, 191 6 Minnesota. 5, 891 1, 002 257 404 6, 069 1,384 807 360 502 64 Mississippi. 1,680 5, 894 71 551 5, 082 3, 749 1,445 5, 928 457 81 Missouri. 311 203 1, 494 569 54 693 127 Montana. 2,575 4, 245 237 456 5,589 2, 275 1,693 2, 066 109 29 Nebraska. 63 663 10 8 Nevada. 68 102 88 136 32 1, 490 New Hampshire. 1, 123 1, 832 371 472 1,363 2, 020 10, 242 553 239 New Jersey. 95 167 1,294 488 170 274 13 New Mexico. 12, 703 55, 451 461 5, 329 4, 629 1, 746 1, 568 22, 296 New York. 352 5, 830 1,054 198 7,636 166 1, 584 North Carolina. 578 1, 873 1, 667 686 422 3, 954 329 North Dakota. 2, 286 7, 004 263 1, 468 21, 222 14, 087 6, 768 10, 219 159 101 Ohio. 1, 268 5,521 252 607 1,951 1, 448 1,068 7, 196 131 Oklahoma. 1,933 3, 854 82 421 3,868 2,884 197 1, 277 27 Oregon. 977 4,288 191 1, 793 3,800 5,545 5,740 50, 378 60 Pennsylvania. 563 876 160 762 721 25 513 Rhode Island. 123 1, 384 495 677 136 6, 018 South Carolina. 1, 492 ’ 507 26 5, 116 156 47 369 337 South Dakota. 903 4, 172 123 474 438 2,704 767 1,031 31 Tennessee. 3 085 2 017 408 1, 881 23, 961 12, 705 748 38 Texas. ’ 317 l[ 017 2, 092 ’ 287 1, 506 762 3, 130 Utah. 30 ’ 403 462 Vermont. 943 3, 334 129 277 3, 475 13, 205 715 847 631 22 Virginia. 2,470 393 100 7, 623 540 535 645 245 88 Washington. 279 2, 591 36 182 943 1, 493 486 5, 654 West Virginia. 2 891 6’ 017 331 642 1, 437 4, 444 833 5, 072 Wisconsin. ’ 181 30 ’ 236 208 135 268 121 Wyoming. 1, 575 252 77 80 45 District of Colum¬ bia. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State Economics Sociology Psychology Consumer Education Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 United States. 209,253 45, 517 144, 863 41, 038 32,505 14,042 16, 923 14, 009 Alabama... . . 5,480 2, 875 872 880 38 316 2, 056 892 1,034 35 888 42 Arkansas _ 1,947 401 2, 042 713 367 506 166 55 California... . . 6, 139 1, 566 6, 412 2,886 2, 210 429 926 540 Colorado _ _ 700 783 2, 163 855 1,496 456 580 173 1,495 966 475 484 108 223 350 Delaware _ ' 514 210 182 121 13 147 Florida . . 1,854 342 2, 666 1, 106 1,390 333 158 218 5, 018 1,878 4,617 1,444 729 93 47 Idaho . . R929 146 L842 514 256 222 208 41 Illinois. . . 12, 495 1, 205 7, 858 3, 153 1, 715 548 289 216 Indiana. . 9, 195 207 7,842 137 2, 217 192 369 109 Iowa _ 11,031 352 10, 122 1,053 1,320 113 1,091 100 Kansas _ _ 2, 247 164 5, 321 85 3,382 239 62 130 Kentucky . . 3, 024 705 3, 753 1, 189 574 74 376 149 Louisiana _ 1, 146 608 537 282 22 Maine . . 572 698 416 655 27 156 26 119 Maryland _ 540 338 78 156 300 246 266 Massachusetts _ 2, 300 3, 131 1,268 375 203 565 1, 011 1, 140 Michigan. _ 19, 888 1, 140 6, 553 1,096 1,810 876 1,116 175 Minnesota. . 1,698 1,018 1, 676 1,865 35 136 111 120 Mississippi _ 3,837 3,648 258 128 248 Missouri _ 2, 517 438 4, 620 904 1,574 646 214 Montana _ 1,863 75 2, 035 84 275 66 51 92 Nebraska . . 2,239 739 3, 195 427 584 306 329 223 Nevada _ _ 256 52 220 143 New Hampshire _ 709 675 513 1,162 108 150 201 182 New Jersey. . 2, 050 2, 168 275 1,609 249 1,283 897 1,205 New Mexico 616 878 264 144 37 22 New York - 36, 991 923 598 703 289 232 287 33 North Carolina . 11, 073 969 10, 748 1,562 94 195 167 118 North Dakota _ 1, 196 879 1,076 93 68 Ohio.. _ 11,215 1,148 12, 281 1,674 3,289 977 2,009 660 Oklahoma. . . 2, 030 73 1,593 201 883 462 221 266 Oregon 3, 637 4,117 4, 471 1, 275 138 32 52 Pennsylvania _ 8,047 3,398 5,080 1, 924 653 2, 099 1,761 5, 170 Rhode Island _ 251 84 78 84 South Carolina _ 725 2, 061 299 236 286 391 64 152 South Dakota.. _ 3, 962 3, 840 76 399 63 31 Tennessee 2, 323 3,993 3, 071 597 37 8 Texas... . . 10, 386 1,240 4, 134 361 63 268 23 47 Utah _ _ 385 100 1,062 563 1,306 126 33 Vermont _ 167 546 250 433 48 34 54 Virginia _ _ 1,036 1, 218 553 517 115 321 280 315 Washington _ 2, 576 174 3, 638 186 1,890 181 538 West Virginia _ 2, 338 315 2, 965 1,425 178 187 89 217 Wisconsin . . 5, 949 2, 053 5, 804 4, 519 709 110 270 36 Wyoming _ _ 414 190 424 27 2 80 District of Colum¬ 219 206 960 218 bia. Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 See footnote 1 on first page of table. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 51 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] General science grade 7 GRADE 8 1 GRADE 9 Half Full Half Full Half Full year year year year year year 83 84 85 86 87 88 132,210 341,691 134,474 477,661 27, 752 1,046,182 1,535 28, 974 1,436 27,583 1, 546 24, 650 710 66 60 1. 838 2,355 2, 522 11, 978 1,878 12,844 38 17, 463 9, 951 9, 812 8,767 40, 645 2,522 48, 560 2,814 3,482 3,343 4, 327 38 6, 353 850 5, 059 1, 145 5, 187 743 11,047 853 1,925 720 1,701 1,627 4,135 16, 556 3, 071 15, 676 15, 514 107 928 1,131 3, 583 104 29, 679 600 2,173 2,220 5, 549 1,301 4,080 1,118 6,888 2,473 69, 005 3, 599 5, 754 4,356 16, 514 278 1, 127 5, 532 4, 443 4, 728 5,626 254 22, 910 2, 228 2, 554 3, 182 4, 550 851 12, 614 2,947 6,960 1, 893 10,582 640 17, 440 3,259 6,030 18, 009 261 1,779 448 2,280 455 5, 206 11, 551 1, 813 17, 256 251 16, 682 1,394 17,200 2, 219 20, 661 863 30, 568 6, 194 13, 901 7,308 24,756 4,309 17, 393 8,805 8,810 5,897 13, 310 28, 906 1,164 11.119 1,239 10, 642 11,909 1,167 5, 413 1, 050 9, 807 29, 931 297 1,385 267 1,478 3.705 1, 378 440 1, 335 608 2, 213 8,745 508 1,116 316 2, 961 226 2,774 2, 556 2, 363 6,836 1,785 7,902 1, 096 33, 690 342 656 280 708 3, 761 22,101 39, 670 22, 645 41, 972 2,295 140, 895 620 463 994 3,539 27, 045 314 1,046 285 1, 130 7,172 8,803 23, 180 8, 423 28,176 278 58, 117 2, 584 6, 272 1, 564 10, 812 245 21, 943 580 4,113 825 4,655 1, 340 11, 460 10, 216 15, 547 11, 776 27, 894 1,094 96, 071 334 4, 874 323 5,027 5, 014 649 7, 104 305 14, 233 17, 365 651 715 674 1,020 6, 569 366 5,231 626 5,801 24, 488 9,158 6, 561 6, 827 11, 970 346 44, 667 3, 330 4,118 2,303 5, 340 729 4,176 157 707 108 791 2,380 293 1, 319 1,837 10, 977 75 28, 029 3, 292 2, 363 4, 891 2,921 1,161 10, 034 1, 264 18, 582 1,004 17, 149 180 13,889 4,133 2, 810 4, 917 4, 222 1,129 25,099 652 714 1,853 6.310 3,452 834 206 1,846 Biology Half year Full year Botany Half year Full year State 89 91 92 20 3, 395 986, 361 1,018 86 658 47 70 106 112 280 495 22, 382 5, 686 12, 696 60, 455 7, 472 11, 243 2, 033 19, 221 23, 166 6, 053 51,007 37, 264 19, 674 15, 560 14, 752 13, 389 6.540 15, 048 24, 192 42, 096 21,660 13, 439 21, 478 4,161 11, 141 770 2, 965 29, 508 4, 916 70, 839 38. 501 7, 331 52, 596 18, 156 13, 047 80, 243 3, 540 14, 502 5, 542 18, 958 41, 484 6, 437 2,109 21, 085 15, 901 22,564 27, 411 2.541 3, 607 ,157 6, 513 1,254 227 112 97 179 915 196 102 64 ’§22 1,262 86 United States. Alabama. Arizona. Arkansas. California. Colorado. Connecticut. Delaware. Florida. Georgia. Idaho. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Kansas. Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine. Maryland. Massachusetts. Michigan. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri. Montana. Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire. New Jersey. New Mexico. New York. North Carolina. North Dakota. Ohio. Oklahoma. Oregon. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. South Carolina. South Dakota. Tennessee. Texas. Utah. Vermont. Virginia. Washington. West Virginia. Wisconsin. Wyoming. District of lumbia. Co- 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment, by State, in [All public second State Physiology Zoology Earth Science Aeronautics Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 United States. 14, 847 38, 745 1,431 3, 620 4,828 15, 747 1, 827 13, 132 82 80 100 81 11 71 200 421 91 California . . 94 12, 204 112 411 11 514 109 1, 787 241 246 105 110 93 69 76 88 352 241 19 335 18 17 75 26 17 343 65 171 21 90 50 Illinois . . . 2,626 1,286 40 1,086 213 1,027 111 882 1,146 458 457 28 521 84 275 842 416 142 62 50 83 1, 169 1, 465 183 8 64 260 969 1, 122 165 57 324 43 52 Maine 61 16 18 Maryland... _ 39 228 213 Massachusetts _ 99 2,914 133 694 27 781 Michigan . . 952 873 465 256 73 321 Minnesota _ _ 522 18 56 62 177 Mississippi 64 358 35 Missouri 351 1,719 66 1, 174 35 622 Montana _ 59 183 99 Nebraska 242 490 97 15 Nevada.. _ 38 9 New Hampshire _ 61 96 12 203 New Jersey 257 3, 959 145 301 190 64 297 New Mexico _ _ 88 54 71 23 72 New York _ 24 917 303 520 7, 851 76 1, 712 North Carolina _ 111 38 112 North Dakota _ 404 69 90 60 112 Ohio . . . . 1,372 1,888 383 622 250 183 156 564 Oklahoma _ 580 483 53 359 799 371 Oregon _ 30 229 32 Pennsylvania _ 240 531 249 27 336 518 110 880 Rhode Island _ 3 82 South Carolina _ 450 South Dakota _ 35 94 42 26 218 Tennessee _ 67 435 82 421 Texas _ 1,228 1,248 35 176 31 73 408 Utah . 404 2, 734 202 277 91 120 229 Vermont _ 58 11 40 58 Virginia _ 60 335 47 Washington _ 317 147 315 81 24 46 249 West Virginia _ 35 558 61 21 90 Wisconsin _ 21 25 :::::::::: 203 477 131 94 Wyoming _ 70 15 36 District of Columbia. . .187 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 53 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] Advanced General Science Physical Science Chemistry Advanced Chemistry Physics State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 20 1, 820 46,226 291 6, 715 1, 531 405, 131 337 1,520 1,284 277, 550 United States. 1,564 8, 029 6, 347 Alabama. 1, 748 985 Arizona. 91 721 26 2, 436 969 Arkansas. 285 4,683 239 2, 429 25, 358 37 38 13, 454 California. 208 92 5, 122 19 2,658 Colorado. 1,127 29 5, 822 4, 127 Connecticut. 79 961 587 Delaware. 349 255 7, 360 37 3, 518 Florida. 973 348 8, 698 141 4, 120 Georgia. 2, 773 2 1, 758 Idaho. 490 407 144 20, 155 9 152 18, 661 Illinois. 201 30 715 9, 267 63 115 40 8, 632 Indiana. 97 375 38 3, 858 77 8, 996 Iowa. 82 436 5 4, 399 33 4, 377 Kansas. 32 301 3; 862 105 2, 532 Kentucky. 191 3,883 1,736 Louisiana. 16 491 59 3, 054 2, 044 Maine. 1,102 5, 711 68 4.079 Maryland. 1,645 55 53 16, 475 283 53 11, 236 Massachusetts. 76 2, 141 22 802 36 19, 250 6 19 12, 068 Michigan. 320 18 11,247 51 8, 078 Minnesota. 60 553 5, 404 2, 139 Mississippi. 94 1, 723 522 72 5,695 60 4, 543 Missouri. 85 2, 050 1,358 Montana. 23 214 57 3,113 3, 896 Nebraska. 484 228 Nevada. 58 1,832 1,582 New Hampshire. 48 2, 084 159 44 14, 821 51 41 11, 464 New Jersey. 1,276 773 New Mexico. 291 8, 081 119 38, 874 620 167 26,830 New York. 278 11,034 7,658 North Carolina. 2, 629 1,506 North Dakota. 54 2, 980 218 69 21, 428 34 53 39 16, 513 Ohio. 1, 249 260 3, 817 8 1,982 Oklahoma. 217 183 25 3, 477 20 2, 383 Oregon. 228 6,355 127 27 41,418 20 273 35 32, 996 Pennsylvania. 2, 198 1,767 Rhode Island. 366 273 6, 701 279 2, 260 South Carolina. 97 2, 259 1,865 South Dakota. 367 8, 751 3, 406 Tennessee. 136 1, 146 50 17, 147 8, 064 Texas. 2, 463 1,367 Utah. 38 1, 176 712 Vermont. 60 1, 556 7, 766 2, 450 Virginia. 75 40 131 5, 938 4, 269 Washington. 72 184 112 24 6, 139 24 2, 531 West Virginia. 830 47 216 15, 222 12 49 10, 332 Wisconsin. 64 1, 132 758 Wyoming. 264 1, 419 8 956 District of Colum¬ bia. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3 . — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State Fundamentals of Electricity Radio, Including Electronics Advanced Biology Conservation Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year • 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 United States. 1,019 1,398 698 2, 550 615 2,961 1,846 1, 700 36 179 19 247 46 235 155 240 48 484 35 49 16 16 23 61 111 403 16 206 101 208 35 23 122 311 136 262 46 92 12 23 350 52 15 33 52 24 Louisiana _ Maine _ 51 Maryland _ .. 148 24 19 Massachusetts _ 51 258 310 10 Michigan _ _ 152 80 309 70 5 76 313 Minnesota _ 15 29 244 Mississippi _ Missouri _ 46 51 20 156 Montana _ 10 Nebraska 18 52 42 Nevada.. _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ 229 184 39 171 62 113 New Mexico _ _ 37 36 119 New York. _ 26 303 183 496 48 130 North Carolina _ 60 North Dakota . Ohio . _ 91 84 26 122 212 265 93 Oklahoma _ 20 297 131 Oregon _ _ 60 95 Pennsylvania _ 121 75 54 89 336 36 146 Rhode Island _ 50 105 South Carolina _ South Dakota _ 22 Tennessee _ 64 Texas _ _ _ 15 Utah . . Vermont _ 20 Virginia _ Washington _ 22 51 10 87 West Virginia _ _ 11 Wisconsin _ _ 30 11 81 23 55 352 30 Wyoming _ District of Colum¬ 78 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 55 subjects offered in 15 or more States, 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] Related Science Arith GRADE 7 METIC GRADE 8 Elementary Algebra Intermediate Algebra State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 137 128 20 2,118 5,214, 1, 129 734, 893 9,526 754, 630 8,211 1,034,240 79,367 292, 785 United States. 31, 178 7,895 21, 240 557 20, 114 518 6,743 Alabama. 2, 452 2, 437 4,416 631 168 Arizona. 19, 671 17^ 941 129 19, 914 199 4, 923 Arkansas. 1,310 917 58, 260 56' 730 111 50, 967 1, 192 12, 215 California. 20 10; 374 9, 841 9, 527 760 1,695 Colorado. 89 6, 558 6, 388 9,244 107 5, 684 Connecticut. 3! 105 2, 839 1,855 129 827 Delaware. 26, 694 24, 381 17, 221 204 6, 184 Florida. 3' 807 9; 301 30, 245 74 16, 327 Georgia. 3, 214 3, 251 6,976 395 365 Idaho. 312 7, 944 8, 306 500 56, 158 7, 340 6, 181 Illinois. 125 25 22', 541 22 23; 663 34 32, 507 3, 688 2, 923 Indiana. 24 14, 076 14, 607 45 24, 093 3, 856 2, 178 Iowa. 47 21 102 ll', 697 80 li; 381 17, 322 1,704 2,291 Kansas. 15, 617 14, 548 24, 422 1,679 6, 449 Kentucky. 3, 262 7, 266 87 22, 754 655 7, 289 Louisiana. 2, 668 3, 230 5, 562 2, 605 Maine. 20, 719 20, 199 10, 902 1,270 3, 618 Maryland. 101 27, 374 26, 714 27, C95 1,226 11, 779 Massachusetts. 22 202 38, 408 150 40, 786 543 36, 627 3, 511 5, 224 Michigan. 11 76 19, 710 19, 625 23, 210 463 4, 469 Minnesota. 12, 528 12, 972 233 18, 703 216 7, 863 Mississippi. 595 8, 693 12, 683 22 25, 153 1, 784 2, 350 Missouri. 1,678 1,749 342 5, 813 554 838 Montana. 52 38 3, 859 62 3, 732 341 12, 438 779 1,694 Nebraska. 441 508 1,447 71 234 Nevada. 3, 439 3, 078 3,160 122 1,206 New Hampshire 47 12, 831 12, 887 24, 254 943 14, 380 New Jersey. 3, 475 3,354 5, 082 135 848 New Mexico. 127 243 68, 062 67, 992 76, 538 27, 711 10, 368 New York. 5, 365 6, 050 191 36, 759 149 19, 065 North Carolina. 163 386 2, 006 2, 009 6, 599 398 524 North Dakota. 154 667 54,641 53, 243 72 47, 361 4, 821 6, 040 Ohio. 120 17,317 16, 295 102 26, 262 1,034 4, 774 Oklahoma. 5, 439 5, 750 18 10, 108 738 2, 026 Oregon. 13 982 1,002 61, 626 1,065 63, 664 224 68,302 3,111 32, 468 Pennsylvania. 152 5, 494 5, 386 2 3, 779 80 2, 384 Rhode Island. 8, 225 14, 981 1, 193 16, 585 88 9,019 South Carolina. 1,734 1, 574 7, 995 685 418 South Dakota. 11,417 10, 947 28, 973 105 15, 057 Tennessee. 31, 587 100 34, 469 653 61, 171 1, 652 32, 630 Texas. 8,844 10, 427 28 9, 136 631 573 Utah. 1, 596 1,547 1,790 795 Vermont. 67 22 4, 945 152 14, 016 2,698 20, 571 177 9, 377 Virginia. 39 110 10, 837 12, 356 17, 158 1,037 1,380 Washington. 22, 514 20, 863 17, 949 498 2, 452 West Virginia. 8, 743 9,451 86 22, 960 2, 133 2, 300 Wisconsin. 1, 930 1,722 3, 268 97 410 Wyoming. 78 6, 298 6,251 3, 795 17 1, 175 District of Co¬ lumbia. 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State General Mathematics Plane Geometry Solid Geometry Trigonometry Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year i 129 130 131 133 133 134 135 136 United States. 39, 154 610, 656 3, 329 596, 007 82, 260 11,684 95, 051 13,500 Alabama _ 372 15, 149 116 9, 676 873 286 834 173 45 3, 620 2, 654 520 43 309 13 Arkansas _ 344 5; 867 52 10, 508 407 138 505 94 California _ 13, 754 47, 507 29 35, 404 3, 871 523 5,539 767 145 5,556 6,623 821 105 763 108 Connecticut _ 256 5, 627 107 6,670 1,396 332 1,594 131 567 1,333 359 82 225 14, 314 6, 785 1, 115 144 1, 195 226 64 22’ 216 191 11,719 864 589 40 Idaho _ _ 203 2,391 32 4,806 478 48 361 67 Illinois - 986 29, 852 55 37, 823 7,022 500 5,449 723 Indiana - 831 13, 372 170 16, 838 4,121 845 2,116 364 Iowa _ . . 984 7, 824 91 15, 656 1,550 197 1,628 50 Kansas _ 44 8, 511 62 10, 052 1, 513 348 695 177 912 10, 974 12, 443 908 760 96 Louisiana _ 282 3, 630 12, 239 578 93 551 16 Maine _ _ 165 5, 319 2, 948 528 26 728 29 Maryland - - 112 8, 523 24 6,648 1,168 195 2,087 188 Massachusetts - 168 11,861 237 16, 999 2, 886 962 3, 794 688 Michigan _ 986 23, 731 18 23, 130 3, 990 447 3, 877 655 Minnesota _ 9, 153 11, 935 1, 924 83 1, 823 46 Mississippi - 92 9,175 86 12, 357 718 69 631 57 Missouri _ 141 28, 325 101 11,836 1, 384 108 2, 019 246 Montana _ _ 424 1, 677 3, 471 476 24 558 44 Nebraska . . 750 6,582 116 8,036 317 15 642 39 Nevada _ _ 640 921 117 12 157 New Hampshire _ 29 2,541 17 1,811 484 73 464 45 New Jersey _ 203 14, 944 41 19, 090 3,992 146 4,888 647 New Mexico _ _ 41 2, 848 2, 749 332 11 447 30 New York. . . 5, 996 33, 441 894 61, 251 6, 731 669 16, 049 1,439 North Carolina - 263 20, 964 56 13, 648 544 107 677 74 North Dakota _ 136 2,444 28 2, 506 269 233 31 Ohio _ 1,197 28, 277 200 25, 444 5, 324 891 4, 587 675 Oklahoma _ 771 12, 291 74 13, 672 1, 092 272 1,108 230 Oregon _ 764 10, 761 22 3,560 328 126 761 245 Pennsylvania _ 447 55, 832 170 41, 175 10, 660 1, 638 13,074 2,845 Rhode Island.. _ 22 2, 359 2, 427 351 94 391 42 South Carolina _ 1, 193 9,182 24 8,267 625 105 1,006 634 South Dakota _ _ 158 1, 132 3,861 738 7 417 62 Tennessee _ _ 164 13, 464 9, 890 1, 319 86 1, 331 126 Texas _ 1,233 35, 656 227 36, 407 3, 422 795 3,685 585 Utah _ _ 615 3, 656 3, 056 299 474 10 Vermont _ 78 1, 646 ], 254 206 247 31 Virginia _ _ 2, 556 22,764 65 9,114 965 373 940 187 Washington _ 117 7,100 10, 537 1, 376 247 1, 320 123 West Virginia. _ _ 245 13, 684 7,017 1,054 81 981 96 Wisconsin _ 788 10, 934 12 15, 046 1, 734 332 2,163 282 Wyoming - - 12 1,323 12 1,893 246 6 178 24 District of Colum¬ 66 1,450 2,822 265 201 bia. Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 57 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] Advanced oe College Algebra Advanced General Mathematics Mathematics Review Other Math¬ ematics Spanish (grade 7 OR 8) State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 20 22, 780 11, 583 9,235 33,365 6,844 5, 488 713 904 5, 097 8,079 United States. 253 37 107 Alabama. 38 41 54 45 Arizona. 10 43 92 57 Arkansas. 304 968 1,300 4, 190 1, 322 288 77 2,053 791 California. 134 125 182 14 50 Colorado. 100 274 165 460 72 611 58 Connecticut. 78 28 Delaware. 87 49 96 922 95 Florida. 564 513 148 1,279 23 51 Georgia. 96 32 16 Idaho. 2 286 426 266 1, 828 498 143 Illinois. 1,056 313 460 ' 309 544 89 9 Indiana. ' 394 13 191 58 Iowa. 339 112 24 142 24 18 Kansas. 212 71 30 151 58 Kentucky. 192 80 115 379 210 Louisiana. 146 172 231 495 72 58 42 56 Maine. 244 18 195 117 53 31 Maryland. 244 1,486 32 1, 491 344 695 39 127 563 Massachusetts. 653 703 930 911 380 293 102 Michigan. 131 303 123 441 33 Minnesota. Mississippi. 392 206 436 196 139 38 97 Missouri. 151 25 56 Montana. 50 95 17 465 44 22 Nebraska. 68 Nevada. 130 210 New Hampshire. 1, 046 390 535 2,270 177 435 207 212 New Jersey. 6 19 28 204 127 New Mexico. 6,672 473 1,500 3,652 619 326 87 108 1,126 3,537 New York. 229 564 27 139 North Carolina. North Dakota. 1, 834 561 776 1, 382 13 1, 372 Ohio. ’ 177 261 ’ 177 42 25 Oklahoma. 260 59 108 288 68 Oregon. 1, 365 1,270 398 7,113 1,458 884 85 86 52 Pennsylvania. 100 468 378 3 Rhode Island. 858 298 37 311 67 South Carolina. 43 g 65 South Dakota. 18 250 22 23 Tennessee. 244 141 216 428 68 1,513 1, 417 Texas. 131 86 111 92 Utah. 15 111 18 Vermont. 364 228 204 1,484 Virginia. 375 93 86 29 70 150 Washington. 85 644 West Virginia. 807 358 272 1,110 90 140 Wisconsin. 25 Wyoming. 91 149 642 District of Colum¬ 1 bia. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , [All public second State Spanish I Spanish II Spanish III Spanish IV Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year i 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 United States. 403 253, 124 148 156, 032 125 28, 463 8 5, 283 2, 060 1,272 48 15 3, 670 2, 423 41 130 8 14 '976 441 10 41, 741 23, 465 5,703 1, 570 4[ 526 2, 695 238 64 2,794 1,815 380 33 '445 409 6,432 4, 096 340 80 3', 338 2,116 128 80 1, 325 849 25 18, 365 11 11, 433 31 2, 138 482 6 4, 857 2, 704 23 151 73 2, 178 1,042 34 2, 860 1,276 130 1, 598 952 151 5 2, 587 1,233 345 202 Maine. _ 477 278 33 Maryland _ 3,090 2, 081 76 60 Massachusetts _ 7, 128 4, 430 905 138 Michigan _ _ 6,894 3, 995 187 65 Minnesota _ 1,805 1, 528 204 Mississippi _ 1, 112 505 24 12 Missouri.. _ -- 4, 031 2, 167 312 Montana. _ _ 1,008 647 Nebraska _ _ 22 1,431 745 28 Nevada _ 849 469 22 New Hampshire _ 338 231 23 New Jersey _ 12, 920 8, 863 2, 066 69 New Mexico _ 3, 745 2, 320 353 29 New York _ 33, 227 22, 512 9, 853 990 North Carolina _ 3, 087 1,827 12 North Dakota _ 285 112 Ohio . . . 9, 813 137 6, 181 30 515 185 Oklahoma. . 3, 826 2, 539 258 29 Oregon _ _ 1,735 909 98 Pennsylvania _ 345 17, 306 11, 148 1, 180 362 Rhode Island _ 1, 103 648 105 South Carolina . 1,461 593 26 South Dakota _ _ 672 252 67 Tennessee 3, 432 2, 358 124 167 Texas _ 30 17, 262 11, 079 1, 452 421 Utah... 1, 088 329 41 Vermont 74 58 Virginia _ 2, 663 1,692 171 38 Washington _ 4,113 2, 711 61 33 West Virginia _ _ 1,413 793 6 Wisconsin _ 3, 074 1, 805 127 43 Wyoming _ _ 1,105 965 52 District of Colum¬ 1,805 1,041 131 24 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 59 in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] Latin (Grade 7 or 8) Latin I Latin II Latin III Latin IV State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 20 1, 700 8, 249 84 236, 034 185 155, 809 85 22, 782 35 7, 290 United States. 42 1,983 1,434 67 56 Alabama. 678 '459 6 20 Arizona. 1, 204 749 33 16 Arkansas. 197 83 11, 775 6, 968 1,259 279 California. 42 2, 325 1,452 194 26 Colorado. 5, 181 3, 637 1, 107 358 Connecticut. 985 '730 44 29 Delaware. 82 3, 606 2,803 118 61 Florida. 123 3,043 2, 256 175 34 Georgia. 1,028 ' 633 17 Idaho. 13, 597 9, 579 6 1,176 341 Hlinois. 10, 969 6, 401 22 488 193 Indiana. 4, 153 l' 747 69 32 Iowa. 3, 353 i; 457 87 Kansas. 10 3,500 1, 854 218 138 Kentucky. 1,334 555 111 44 Louisiana. 244 2, 521 1, 398 199 42 Maine. 3, 952 2, 693 310 110 Maryland. 221 2,706 12, 857 8, 283 8 2,300 8 1, 085 Massachusetts. 12, 426 7, 390 535 132 Michigan. 2, 501 2, 042 43 2 Minnesota. 1,992 1,082 110 Mississippi. 47 3, 275 2, 102 110 43 Missouri. 1, 139 591 28 Montana. 42 2, 425 1,376 44 20 Nebraska. 200 92 Nevada. 74 1, 016 815 106 66 New Hampshire. 370 525 11, 119 7, 783 1,203 413 New Jersey. 465 273 18 10 New Mexico. 978 20, 260 15, 821 6, 066 27 752 New York. 4, 599 3, 510 138 73 North Carolina. 640 473 15 North Dakota. 46 687 19, 001 154 13, 427 43 1, 132 424 Ohio. 2, 311 1,571 135 50 Oklahoma. 1, 509 835 58 11 Oregon. 371 990 42 29, 320 31 19, 276 3, 021 1,588 Pennsylvania. 116 382 2, 089 1,127 351 171 Rhode Island. 2, 421 2, 136 120 9 South Carolina. 1,018 440 South Dakota. 3, 640 2, 732 211 147 Tennessee. 29 3,881 2, 713 295 199 Texas. 62 415 201 Utah. 1,125 606 34 16 Vermont. 81 5, 538 3, 248 232 126 Virginia. 3, 420 1, 967 133 5 Washington. 3, 112 2,003 110 21 West Virginia. 4,736 3, 544 424 93 Wisconsin. 691 486 27 Wyoming. 96 1,345 1,706 1,059 126 40 District of Colum¬ bia. 943949 - 5 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , [All public second State French I French II French III French IV Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year < 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 United States. 407 133,867 38 90, 646 25 25, 280 77 4, 943 92 959 727 44 16 91 50 25 389 110 7 5, 885 3, 849 1, 048 321 ' 562 312 72 3, 759 856 49 '431 2’ 392 67 497 488 55 12 2, 290 1, 255 623 512 165 28 4, 206 2,665 23 738 200 46 1, 331 16 931 70 15 435 284 319 77 10 1, 075 486 37 19 2,223 906 232 145 Maine _ 3, 626 1, 764 526 66 Maryland. _ 2,621 2,052 67 28 Massachusetts ... . 15, 315 10, 430 4,678 912 Michigan _ _ 107 3,775 2, 199 202 87 Minnesota _ 408 331 28 Mississippi _ 622 275 Missouri _ 1, 034 529 27 4 Montana _ 66 77 Nebraska _ 329 183 10 Nevada _ _ 113 42 15 New Hampshire _ 1, 537 1, 163 262 53 New Jersey- _ 6,908 5, 323 1, 523 51 New Mexico .. _ 80 28 New York. _ .. 26, 853 21, 003 2 10, 392 37 1, 013 North Carolina _ 11, 767 7,847 337 236 North Dakota . . 116 71 Ohio 4, 584 2,884 678 40 317 Oklahoma _ 297 152 12 5 Oregon _ 419 174 20 Pennsylvania _ 147 12, 577 22 9, 193 1, 397 624 Rhode Island _ 2,015 1, 379 413 14 South Carolina _ 3, 906 1, 952 43 38 South Dakota . 49 Tennessee _ 768 531 37 Texas. _ 384 228 20 Utah.. . . 405 90 2 Vermont _ 1, 007 628 116 42 Virginia _ 3, 298 2, 100 424 142 Washington _ 1, 049 671 22 11 West Virginia _ 990 652 4 Wisconsin _ 773 519 17 Wyoming- _ _ 68 19 District of Colum¬ 1,491 728 124 26 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 61 in subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948—49 — Continued ary day schools] German I German II German III General Foreign Language State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 20 49 23, 564 149 16,235 41 3, 599 6, 067 6,953 United States. Alabama. Arizona. 20 Arkansas. 1,213 741 110 374 413 California. 160 ’ 55 Colorado. 508 338 112 360 33 Connecitcut. 39 Delaware. 52 Florida. 54 Georgia. 20 Idaho. 2,245 28 1, 551 265 366 Illinois. ' 260 191 18 58 Indiana. 115 86 95 Iowa. 56 13 10 Kansas. 71 30 19 Kentucky. Louisiana. 10 13 37 Maine. 485 383 Maryland. 1, 094 780 221 790 468 Massachusetts. 586 273 651 589 Michigan. 605 518 42 104 Minnesota. Mississippi. 265 216 14 Missouri. Montana. 191 54 Nebraska. 21 6 Nevada. 73 62 New Hampshire. 2,133 1, 654 456 848 390 New Jersey. New Mexico. 4,960 3, 796 1,664 958 970 New York. North Carolina. 13 15 North Dakota. 1, 415 95 1, 162 9 186 214 428 Ohio. 25 20 Oklahoma. 105 51 Oregon. 49 3,578 2,656 257 1, 316 2,389 Pennsylvania. 182 232 95 128 118 Rhode Island. South Carolina. 78 75 South Dakota. 6 9 Tennessee. 17 40 9 223 302 Texas. 168 29 Utah. Vermont. 205 34 Virginia. 389 26 278 60 Washington. West Virginia. 1, 267 752 32 70 Wisconsin. Wyoming. 211 156 24 District of Colum¬ bia. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State INDUSTRIAL ARTS- — NONVOCATIONAL General Shop Woodworking Mechanical Drawing Metal Work Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 United States. 71,855 455,431 98,308 318,060 89,564 275,125 55,507 137,448 Alabama _ 2,792 45 2, 483 45 1, 181 521 Arizona _ 330 1,514 220 2,379 101 426 43 158 94 1, 683 1,690 703 400 California _ 6, 713 22, 677 8, 370 37, 638 6,047 36, 814 5,924 25, 901 Colorado _ 944 4, 892 996 6,050 335 2, 255 430 1, 421 Connecticut - 1, 339 8,202 648 4, 329 989 6,680 451 2,925 549 2, 086 104 1, 388 722 733 Florida - _ 1, 696 6; 754 1, 151 3, 213 1, 062 2, 619 28 559 Georgia. _ 570 6, 172 522 2, 614 1,291 877 236 167 2, 170 614 1, 608 798 336 21 139 Illinois _ 981 16, 274 2, 186 16, 002 4, 769 26, 898 1,706 7,228 Indiana _ 2, 619 16, 744 2,467 9,687 1,983 8,765 1, 198 5, 163 Iowa _ 1,756 10, 158 2,872 9, 024 3, 041 4, 189 650 2, 211 Kansas - 2, 399 7, 893 969 12, 650 1, 152 4, 546 481 2,281 Kentucky - ... 663 3, 716 1, 006 4,662 389 1, 616 2,007 597 Louisiana _ 47 1,945 342 1, 073 417 1, 212 134 Maine . . 54 3, 066 476 1, 512 540 455 35 512 Maryland _ 3, 174 13, 466 5, 690 2. 251 3, 196 2,899 2,819 2,741 Massachusetts ... . 243 12, 943 1, 974 17, 142 2,163 16, 399 1, 095 7,266 Michigan _ _ 3, 607 25, 616 5. 219 13, 728 5, 729 17, 280 2,595 10,280 Minnesota _ _ 2,691 14, 045 7,226 5,543 6,211 3, 239 3, 901 3, 811 Mississippi 533 1, 667 146 455 486 65 Missouri _ 371 8,056 784 5,686 342 5,154 348 2,079 Montana _ 2, 307 388 1, 475 30 971 34 131 Nebraska _ 784 4,203 1, 118 2,982 994 1, 547 727 299 Nevada _ 104 116 977 217 222 33 New Hampshire _ 288 1, 380 602 1, 888 566 771 225 272 New Jersey _ _. 2,889 17, 287 3, 555 9, 658 3, 433 19, 099 2,752 5,258 New Mexico _ 220 1, 115 278 1,894 206 353 18 New York _ 10, 079 45, 968 8,066 19, 555 9,569 15, 127 6,212 13, 643 North Carolina _ 1, 275 5, 463 909 2,797 395 905 474 North Dakota. _ 607 778 247 638 124 404 70 165 Ohio. . . 3, 064 32, 020 7,075 22,623 6,906 20, 144 3, 621 11, 594 Oklahoma _ 1, 121 9, 060 1,361 9, 915 898 3,493 694 1,873 Oregon _ _ 1, 665 4, 570 182 5, 011 597 2,082 1, 000 Pennsylvania _ 6,769 71, 484 10,783 21, 394 8,678 28,703 6,203 11, 376 Rhode Island. _ 308 3, 948 901 2,008 201 1, 967 864 661 South Carolina _ 133 5, 169 279 1, 253 175 1, 905 157 South Dakota _ 501 1, 351 546 1, 766 883 737 72 166 Tennessee - 182 5,009 1, 578 4,316 1, 198 2,363 98 665 Texas _ 2,409 13, 985 3, 022 16,277 3, 524 9, 478 1,295 2,513 Utah... . . 2, 002 7,259 1, 034 2,214 249 1,115 838 952 Vermont... _ 458 934 15 189 13 Virginia _ 1, 187 7,050 744 3,047 420 2, 499 473 931 Washington _ . 1, 859 4, 388 4, 569 8, 405 4,814 5,084 3,205 2,475 West Virginia _ 1, 544 7,304 784 5, 440 565 2,705 148 742 Wisconsin _ 1, 298 7,594 4,834 6,409 3,585 5,640 2,245 3,473 Wyoming _ _ 298 1, 013 955 299 311 32 442 District of Colum¬ 633 1, 310 1,422 423 1, 560 863 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 63 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] INDUSTRIAL ARTS — NON VOCATIONAL — Continued Printing Electrical Work Handcrafts Automobile Mechanics Home Me¬ chanics State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 20 28, 758 56, 203 24, 028 39, 818 12,471 18,893 5, 635 16, 429 2,712 5, 581 United States. 281 134 103 17 169 42 Alabama. 273 76 19 284 73 Arizona. 184 182 35 Arkansas. 2, 769 11, 310 3.385 10, 331 545 3, 025 2,656 6,039 496 1, 131 California. 209 764 12 49 247 681 189 18 Colorado. 219 1,852 439 119 75 Connecticut. 20 122 150 Delaware. 202 362 Florida. 451 145 589 48 12 131 Georgia. 21 45 Idaho. 1, 056 4, 637 563 3,842 697 113 663 1, 497 266 34 Hlinois. 596 1,970 756 1, 033 70 459 120 770 51 Indiana. 620 436 544 469 152 54 89 79 Iowa. 97 793 296 619 43 357 50 489 158 Kansas. 1,465 470 63 22 17 227 Kentucky. 33 54 43 78 Louisiana. 33 300 60 160 20 18 Maine. 1, 318 110 1, 041 419 2,862 322 Maryland. 2,060 6, 334 586 1, 924 200 151 44 57 Massachusetts. 2,179 4, 412 566 1, 292 139 422 295 626 426 1, 323 Michigan. 2,158 333 2,640 441 60 113 57 8 106 Minnesota. 23 Mississippi. 302 84 155 136 469 129 18 23 Missouri. 48 46 127 30 68 Montana. 168 521 40 339 29 175 130 Nebraska. Nevada. 365 37 456 189 52 New Hampshire. 2, 123 3, 705 781 1, 068 201 161 517 1, 152 156 176 New Jersey. 290 604 52 New Mexico. 4,516 4,859 3,798 7,321 6,373 4,486 334 1,072 65 103 New York. 27 134 74 North Carolina. 152 North Dakota. 1, 632 4,053 527 1, 972 281 130 17 700 114 471 Ohio. 183 402 111 483 63 702 47 33 84 Oklahoma. 96 246 302 Oregon. 1, 627 3, 237 3, 717 3,178 813 732 31 1,351 97 213 Pennsylvania. 205 324 138 144 Rhode Island. 79 33 436 South Carolina. 116 67 20 21 20 South Dakota. 59 60 61 158 90 119 28 Tennessee. 48 608 211 483 699 595 218 208 286 Texas. 43 412 340 801 94 766 372 Utah. 20 Vermont. 290 236 387 117 129 38 Virginia. 569 583 574 492 410 542 83 149 101 28 Washington. 100 504 141 227 14 20 69 23 21 West Virginia. 387 1, 513 635 522 167 93 83 66 95 Wisconsin. 33 378 31 Wyoming. 1,393 1, 251 253 592 73 101 174 District of Colum¬ bia. 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State IND UST RIAL A RTS— NONVOCATIONAL— Continued Photography Ceramics Industrial Arts I Industrial Arts II Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 United States. 3,425 4, 044 1, 700 4, 925 415 11,064 1, 107 3, 037 24 15 124 17 76 44 1,485 2, 041 715 2,020 20 120 79 125 48 29 133 30 151 35 14 14 944 274 64 108 62 39 52 44 Kansas _ 42 52 19 Kentucky. _ Louisiana _ Maine _ 66 36 Maryland _ 19 Massachusetts _ 34 153 78 Michigan _ _ 135 54 256 168 60 Minnesota _ 74 156 275 158 Mississippi _ Missouri _ 71 52 Montana _ Nebraska _ 18 26 14 Nevada . . 8 New Hampshire.... New Jersey _ 60 52 New Mexico _ New York _ 316 305 811 980 510 192 North Carolina.... 18 38 North Dakota _ Ohio. . . 340 153 196 1,043 159 Oklahoma _ 117 64 27 34 Oregon _ 42 83 135 81 64 Pennsylvania _ 36 529 6, 630 1, 107 1, 613 Rhode Island . 118 South Carolina _ 20 44 23 South Dakota _ Tennessee _ _ 42 Texas _ 35 241 148 Utah.. . . . 82 87 Vermont _ Virginia _ 110 131 74 80 Washington _ 318 265 57 West Virginia . 90 Wisconsin _ 141 18 32 92 22 613 89 Wyoming . . . District of Colum¬ 40 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 65 subjects offered in 15 or more States, 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] IND. ARTS— NONVOC. (Continued) TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION— VOCATIONAL State Industrial Arts Mathe¬ matics Vocational Related Sub¬ jects Shop Mathe¬ matics Trade Science Diversified Occupations Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 20 1, 146 6,416 2, 392 19, 285 2, 506 35, 834 3, 312 19, 640 80 8, 746 United States. 100 507 86 629 Alabama. Arizona. 139 347 Arkansas. 446 2, 116 16 174 98 1, 413 67 147 993 California. 46 28 Colorado. 28 40 62 573 Connecticut. 76 273 176 Delaware. 107 105 468 384 Florida. 173 238 Georgia. 22 Idaho. 1,403 156 700 118 767 20 157 Illinois. 37 304 52 1, 156 210 62 Indiana. 459 25 110 116 Iowa. 166 40 34 Kansas. 246 538 307 Kentucky. 40 Louisiana. 104 30 162 60 Maine. 165 46 99 1, 103 20 46 Maryland. 312 641 68 1, 022 58 1, 794 76 1,206 Massachusetts. 388 451 88 445 132 1, 620 12 380 Michigan. 52 57 18 671 10 310 215 Minnesota. 49 292 Mississippi. 165 38 331 258 1,363 Missouri. 53 Montana. 347 98 34 40 20 82 Nebraska. 36 20 Nevada. 110 54 110 10 6 New Hampshire. 1, 439 1, 472 1, 971 195 1, 328 408 New Jersey. 33 43 New Mexico. 95 713 916 1, 143 13, 851 637 9, 870 744 New York. 379 ....322 North Carolina. North Dakota. 79 74 1, 499 47 1,606 47 193 16 Ohio. 138 287 458 Oklahoma. 57 15 12 Oregon. 1, 128 532 8,429 267 7,803 469 4,147 6 Pennsylvania. 169 Rhode Island. 16 35 304 South Carolina. 60 66 South Dakota. 25 122 2 25 478 Tennessee. 171 76 292 Texas. 25 Utah. 30 65 33 Vermont. 69 99 253 Virginia. 33 161 16 17 Washington. 34 171 315 326 West Virginia. 245 Wisconsin. 9 Wyoming. 70 District of Colum¬ bia. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— -Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION- -VOCATIONAL— Continued State General Industrial Shop Machine Shop Automobile Mechanics Mechanical Drafting Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 United States- 613 3, 321 2, 702 41, 716 3, 468 35, 744 3, 768 63, 600 106 97 113 150 276 102 88 20 216 2,481 239 5,503 203 1, 720 182 40 81 67 215 637 38 144 354 552 310 331 462 169 126 13 68 54 259 20 36 670 119 1,995 98 1,960 35 4, 008 2, 015 293 248 67 23 1,975 569 67 889 19 19 51 370 338 172 672 211 Kentucky _ 20 19 431 6 303 49 1, 075 21 T.nnisiana 108 192 Maine 52 354 127 58 Maryland _ 108 995 535 110 42 170 1,984 Massachusetts _ 91 144 1, 441 3, 484 94 1, 108 123 3, 296 Michigan _ _ 115 341 717 1, 620 118 3, 876 Minnesota _ _ 21 842 18 904 43 784 Mississippi _ 22 115 22 168 22 Missouri _ 13 52 23 306 50 611 111 1, 567 Montana _ 19 47 558 78 Nebraska. 60 29 292 33 Nevada 18 130 62 106 New Hampshire _ 52 130 315 173 71 177 42 New Jersey 1,486 133 577 67 4, 575 30 New Mexico . . 12 25 246 New York _ 208 914 173 9,706 424 673 6, 788 1,342 18, 050 North Carolina. . 75 160 166 358 North Dakota. . 185 Ohio 133 1,904 761 486 1,609 37 1,333 Oklahoma. . 125 403 191 Oregon _ _ 67 480 12 587 948 Pennsylvania _ 338 84 5, 334 125 93 3, 838 807 10, 407 Rhode Island 221 197 South Carolina _ 68 364 385 32 173 South Dakota _ 40 7 78 45 Tennessee 210 279 235 983 Texas 85 67 946 73 986 1,153 Utah . 67 82 436 Vermont 140 112 234 Virginia _ _ _ 70 141 56 425 45 571 Washington _ 14 315 141 870 105 West Virginia 937 253 512 Wisconsin _ _ 151 720 75 151 486 656 Wyoming- .. . .. 10 34 115 138 District of Colum¬ bia Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 67 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION- -VOCATIONAL— Continued State Carpentry Cabinet Making Radio Electrical Work Printing Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 20 1, 901 12, 713 2, 374 14, 349 702 9, 236 1,215 19, 541 1, 688 12, 062 United States. 24 265 29 128 94 Alabama. 72 17 55 50 Arizona. 183 26 46 15 98 Arkansas. 759 687 715 18 593 822 California. 27 11 12 50 16 24 Colorado. 118 158 8 48 8 139 167 Connecticut. 82 63 64 28 Delaware. 153 266 385 165 233 Florida. 20 104 72 53 44 Georgia. 38 16 20 35 Idaho. 107 197 8 1, 203 547 694 98 1,066 Illinois. 60 221 60 480 20 167 453 821 Indiana. 20 95 125 22 46 37 145 Iowa. 66 182 100 20 43 271 Kansas. 16 132 50 386 68 57 140 173 125 Kentucky. 88 15 22 39 22 Louisiana 178 26 30 40 30 Maine. 550 110 170 140 44 46 136 Maryland. 85 109 72 495 685 59 619 495 Massachusetts. 100 398 310 591 402 359 140 1, 049 Michigan. 331 63 583 40 52 31 141 237 Minnesota. 388 84 47 Mississippi. 197 229 9 107 167 191 Missouri. 76 16 36 Montana. 69 10 43 25 12 18 Nebraska. 36 Nevada. 43 128 300 36 64 60 93 New Hampshire. 375 656 317 140 976 217 New Jersey. 45 20 15 New Mexico. 242 2,524 77 2,890 179 2,881 165 8,340 740 3, 047 New York. 307 538 168 432 19 21 19 19 128 92 North Carolina. 33 38 3 North Dakota. 114 295 786 82 221 207 588 330 Ohio. 48 207 114 53 73 Oklahoma. 482 63 241 238 110 Oregon. 23 1, 772 23 1,500 16 764 67 4,042 899 Pennsylvania. 65 154 50 35 Rhode Island. 33 857 201 23 23 South Carolina. 35 34 36 South Dakota. 25 164 25 401 309 207 96 Tennessee. 136 335 375 258 34 491 412 Texas. 4 143 16 144 16 5 Utah. 60 2 Vermont. 143 178 12 27 251 27 87 Virginia. 167 52 22 168 129 20 104 Washington. 259 85 221 115 West Virginia. 129 378 183 322 167 21 291 444 Wisconsin. 76 18 Wyoming. District of Colum¬ bia. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State, in [All public second TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION- -VOCATIONAL— Continued State Sheet Metal Aviation Welding Cosmetology Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year > 235 .. 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 United States. 3, 369 4, 778 352 5, 167 651 2,668 266 5,418 107 8 54 239 211 498 76 711 61 49 97 175 34 80 20 163 261 258 408 344 140 91 20 177 126 78 9 67 58 22 76 14 Kentucky _ _ 222 26 38 Louisiana _ 19 Maine ... _ Maryland _ 678 74 Massachusetts _ 240 59 140 Michigan _ _ 350 246 316 59 409 Minnesota _ 142 225 25 23 31 Mississippi _ Missouri.. _ 2 69 15 34 157 63 Montana _ 34 24 Nebraska _ 8 Nevada _ 22 New Hampshire.... 20 29 New Jersey . 437 102 126 New Mexico _ 25 8 18 New York _ 1, 622 1, 027 3, 564 69 139 23 2, 181 North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio.. . . . 82 184 185 102 6 168 Oklahoma _ 38 25 52 72 Oregon _ 164 81 Pennsylvania _ 51 118 35 464 Rhode Island _ 31 South Carolina _ 105 South Dakota _ Tennessee _ _ 48 469 Texas _ 142 74 63 303 Utah . . 10 Vermont _ 58 Virginia _ 35 96 5 5 113 Washington _ 18 7 12 West Virginia _ 135 42 100 Wisconsin _ 334 21 33 Wyoming. _ 16 District of Colum¬ bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 69 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] BUSINESS EDUCATION General Business Half year Full year Business Arithmetic Half year Full year Bookkeeping I Half year Full year Bookkeeping II Half year Full year Bookkeeping III Half year Full year State 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 20 36, 815 242, 762 8, 311 191, 379 12, 548 385, 533 68 266 72 689 568 1,098 45 17 1,354 25 2,178 788 2,030 848 923 34 2, 842 2,654 114 776 255 1,444 34 852 54 4,313 118 1,315 811 20 2,505 159 149 134 1,204 338 28 521 586 741 1,846 372 42 1,229 1,773 753 14, 472 1,075 2,953 561 627 4,401 1,338 14, 599 8, 773 3,316 2,595 3, 107 962 3, 011 4,105 8. 126 12, 715 11, 559 734 1,258 208 1,294 13, 734 398 23, 379 5,339 2,640 17, 165 4,162 490 25, 526 1,525 1,136 2, 098 2,065 10, 126 847 708 5,505 2,154 2,129 5,124 71 3, 249 2,167 288 1,370 1,586 237 1,312 76 169 1, 710 91 1,773 1,924 3, 554 693 1, 211 139 71 224 309 3, 748 211 605 1,926 263 1, 426 22 96 928 71 4, 827 258 869 3,055 2,233 100 272 139 1,153 9,505 150 46 546 417 436 1,913 223 5,229 549 2,792 7, 934 1,372 2,745 636 4,322 7, 972 1,164 3, 011 3, 219 1,375 3, 612 3, 808 11, 195 11,301 786 1.259 1.260 290 1,051 188 848 8,798 35 23, 507 5,121 511 14, 729 810 420 21,200 1,107 2,439 227 1,245 5,390 402 648 4, 831 1,558 5,060 2, 727 2, 188 174 194 275 100 372 1,317 822 2, 599 251 64 30 252 429 449 1,132 299 271 104 134 321 406 112 679 189 5, 622 I, 656 4, 102 20. 726 3,295 5,151 847 5, 312 4, 715 2,658 21,520 13, 435 10, 560 8,066 4.279 2,654 3,415 3,898 13.040 19, 182 12, 354 6. 895 II, 485 2, 522 4,176 407 1,535 15, 078 1,599 33, 152 5,735 2, 755 23, 779 8,638 4, 168 32, 410 2,116 5,484 3, 902 4, 140 17, 223 1,749 1,175 4. 420 5, 547 5,077 11. 279 1,050 1, 550 5, 233 64, 404 26 1,273 454 328 208 37 204 150 20 458 93 374 3,247 194 I, 623 58 486 621 237 2,648 1,083 585 347 550 222 1,063 706 6, 991 2, 784 658 169 734 78 264 14 366 4,339 45 II, 667 338 56 3, 022 312 126 10, 689 896 1,110 ”'*331 995 70 262 606 826 805 1,067 30 159 551 3, 650 56 151 111 32 23 24 136 26 1,490 515 218 1,071 83 United States. Alabama. Arizona. Arkansas. California. Colorado. Connecticut. Delaware. Florida. Georgia. Idaho. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Kansas. Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine. Maryland. Massachusetts. Michigan. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri. Montana. Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire. New Jersey. New Mexico. New York. North Carolina. North Dakota. Ohio. Oklahoma. Oregon. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. South Carolina. South Dakota. Tennessee. Texas. Utah. Vermont. Virginia. Washington. West Virginia. Wisconsin. Wyoming. District of Colum- 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment, by State, in [All public second State t BUSINESS EDUCATION— Continued Typing I Half year Full year Typing II Half year Full year Typing III Half year Full year Shorthand I Half year Full year 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 United States Alabama. . Arizona _ Arkansas.. California. Colorado. . Connecticut. Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho - Illinois . Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas - Kentucky. Louisiana . Maine.. . . Maryland - Massachusetts . Michigan _ Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri — Montana... Nebraska. . Nevada . . New Hampshire. New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York - North Carolina. North Dakota. . Ohio . . Oklahoma. . Oregon - Pennsylvania. .. Rhode Island... South Carolina . South Dakota. . Texas _ Utah . Vermont - Virginia . Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin . Wyoming . District of Colum¬ bia . . 31,059 212 276 1,616 1,404 120 55 210 32 2,700 227 26 510 303 2,065 685 169 1,555 738 284 57 2, 084 3, 810 617 2, 723 285 545 1,143 271 337 2,157 228 171 775 1,658 872, 973 15, 613 287, 690 522 7, 538 14, 550 5,027 12, 299 72, 029 10, 043 11, 658 1,076 12, 932 13, 873 5, 561 42, 850 26, 383 21,049 17, 872 12, 800 9. 096 4. 543 8, 288 22, 212 36, 889 22, 641 11,121 23, 876 4, 846 12, 964 816 1,943 23, 543 3,729 85, 901 19, 754 4, 685 42, 818 21.319 11, 548 54, 657 4, 002 10, 297 6, 490 14, 904 46, 287 8, 655 2, 014 13, 373 16, 431 14, 814 23, 579 2,338 2, 598 286 179 79 260 215 65 209 49 189 78 2, 142 1,019 1,192 63 345 19 16 817 164 114 1.286 256 84 1,219 18 220 1,194 264 289 1,015 120 217 960 73 312 35 396 55 100 7, 468 1.669 4, 520 20, 580 3, 291 4,038 411 4, 005 5, 737 2,044 14, 153 9, 482 6,135 5, 586 4, 045 750 2, 236 4, 763 11,467 14, 219 1,737 1,736 7,265 1,575 4,066 326 917 9,743 1,365 12. 916 8,048 1.244 18, 797 9,088 2,872 27. 916 1,503 4, 902 1,565 5, 553 9. 558 3, 019 750 6,320 4, 327 5,336 6,158 931 1,558 223 44 138 35 33 23 674 13 203 266 218 52 287 964 2, 335 57 26 184 302 322 978 240 102 131 5,312 139 169 127 100 224 347 867 124 86 617 368 210 49 40 785 65 16 73 251 29 284,968 5, 106 1,372 3, 928 12, 442 2, 732 3, 183 552 4, 542 4, 575 1,686 18, 107 9, 387 6, 130 5,309 3,701 1, 900 2, 534 1,943 8, 258 11, 847 6, 474 5, 487 8, 500 1,644 3, 640 344 1,025 9, 579 1,241 30,375 4, 660 1,291 16, 710 6,560 3, 206 24, 754 1,393 3, 837 1, 533 4,791 11,513 1,837 832 4,371 4,190 4, 810 9,640 813 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 71 subjects offered, in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] BUSINESS EDUCATION- —Continued State Shorthand II Business Law Business Eng¬ lish Economic Ge¬ ography Consumer Economics Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 20 3,718 125, 133 84, 964 45, 621 21,945 34,675 32,601 57,444 20, 308 18,564 United States. 88 1, 831 2,952 1,059 102 95 1,197 147 637 1,118 Alabama. 49 386 639 62 184 180 56 196 161 68 Arizona. 65 1,039 292 505 207 303 376 678 259 101 Arkansas. 179 5,664 2, 488 1,724 4, 803 4,209 707 701 778 1,930 California. 99 840 664 112 287 676 181 50 99 123 Colorado. 38 1,806 1,398 1,067 20 809 781 1,334 638 602 Connecticut. 444 14 154 343 217 110 66 Delaware. 26 1,157 1,326 560 139 898 756 275 192 142 Florida. 60 2,207 531 449 153 536 1,196 307 330 Georgia. 40 488 62 58 76 26 72 46 Idaho. 422 8, 165 6, 555 726 978 627 1,859 7,423 1,469 750 Illinois. 456 2,749 2, 479 399 1,583 576 754 644 794 142 Indiana. 110 2,174 4,740 847 614 171 1,258 672 303 253 Iowa. 78 1,095 1,253 241 215 176 359 66 183 43 Kansas. 1,294 1,430 582 145 502 940 334 181 227 Kentucky. 298 208 122 47 225 28 378 Louisiana. 14 1,300 707 523 34 737 271 591 140 144 Maine. 1,845 498 751 182 828 282 622 Maryland. 5, 434 3, 713 2, 624 87 2,300 1,043 7,386 1,117 1,667 Massachusetts. 123 5, 637 4, 479 1,161 2,048 1, 090 2,178 918 755 311 Michigan. 4, 910 1,106 2,039 70 23 88 3, 666 533 298 Minnesota. 24 707 909 277 246 303 197 372 Mississippi. 13 2,304 1,893 756 827 243 34 499 117 219 Missouri. 760 210 75 123 41 168 33 38 Montana. 79 1,182 1,313 468 663 327 330 78 290 Nebraska. 119 70 14 80 Nevada. 480 449 58 40 808 171 New Hampshire. 5,832 4, 777 2, 345 42 1,535 2,361 6,185 2,066 2, 092 New Jersey. 286 214 53 68 149 116 New Mexico. 409 19, 659 7, 446 12, 866 623 578 1,371 3, 924 3,002 320 New York. 18 1,324 404 339 164 599 101 649 33 118 North Carolina. 22 300 1,656 30 101 58 406 98 81 29 North Dakota. 275 8, 386 7,339 2,348 2, 620 4,308 3,808 4,363 1,704 1,182 Ohio. 817 1,463 515 1,091 1,123 466 46 263 185 Oklahoma. 1,223 792 1,028 16 108 52 120 197 Oregon. 260 15,400 6,204 4, 563 1,137 7, 272 3, 524 7,625 2,182 3,109 Pennsylvania. 739 382 477 195 206 490 95 222 Rhode Island. 1, 685 122 532 89 442 30 42 434 South Carolina. 40 378 1,335 94 125 135 194 109 170 21 South Dakota. 1,126 660 112 39 34 844 435 220 420 Tennessee. 255 1,218 4, 681 736 650 375 2,116 388 374 121 Texas. 709 382 358 337 91 35 Utah. 392 261 184 194 46 326 40 23 Vermont. 35 2,023 780 216 234 317 352 1,334 159 Virginia. 121 1 304 878 316 635 74 357 101 Washington. 1, 441 837 297 135 847 460 429 148 169 West Virginia. 283 3, 996 1,379 188 314 397 866 2,244 380 383 Wisconsin. 37 310 230 16 131 220 72 Wyoming. 270 364 595 34 20 District of Colum¬ bia. 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. “-“Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State BUSINESS EDUCATION— Continued Retailing Salesmanship Advertising Cooperative Of¬ fice Training Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 271 273 273 274 275 276 277 278 United States 11,313 16, 858 29,850 20,625 4,320 1,888 4,625 16,827 115 26 67 197 25 371 71 99 48 100 151 184 7 67 California . -- 375 697 1,175 2,307 259 142 245 1, 210 19 34 162 10 16 156 170 76 1,223 300 164 21 65 14 35 7 105 7 11 146 16 570 162 40 178 Georgia - 103 61 332 289 33 289 16 104 142 246 2,260 1, 880 528 255 665 Indiana _ 503 77 1,073 321 62 25 341 375 168 181 508 182 64 165 429 90 46 339 71 16 32 180 Kentucky _ 72 403 370 580 106 62 Louisiana _ 30 49 44 30 Maine _ 23 216 55 19 61 Maryland _ 55 75 74 37 Massachusetts . 68 756 1,072 1,656 247 36 99 681 Michigan _ _ 1,507 1,696 1, 100 476 129 458 1, 141 Minnesota _ 72 190 210 90 222 Mississippi _ 35 31 Missouri _ 276 205 323 190 45 451 Montana _ 34 74 142 116 Nebraska _ 90 50 239 192 106 79 170 Nevada _ 30 New Hampshire _ 23 196 107 68 10 82 New Jersey. . 309 771 2,740 1,488 483 250 30 598 New Mexico _ _ 25 47 41 New York. . 4,633 5,225 3,748 4, 119 386 179 321 1,941 North Carolina _ 72 30 184 59 104 North Dakota _ 54 92 165 35 126 Ohio . . 839 695 3,230 968 491 650 314 1,095 Oklahoma _ 118 188 51 69 258 Oregon _ - _ 13 91 44 449 Pennsylvania _ 728 2,706 4,202 3, 238 625 1,077 2,982 Rhode Island _ 22 396 39 South Carolina _ 104 62 279 171 19 86 South Dakota _ 26 8 6 Tennessee _ 43 168 42 237 Texas . 60 388 982 61 72 22 163 292 Utah . 118 219 178 142 153 Vermont _ 20 132 224 32 46 94 Virginia _ 89 276 61 22 31 238 Washington . 102 377 83 93 44 55 294 752 West Virginia _ 199 297 212 23 26 122 Wisconsin _ 106 97 940 93 185 210 258 Wyoming _ 24 21 District of Colum¬ 209 197 21 214 47 42 bia. Note— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 73 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] BUSINESS EDUCATION— Continued HOME ECONOMICS State Cooperative Store Training Office Prac¬ tice Junior Home¬ making (GRADE 7 OR 8) JR. HOMEM’G for Boys (GRADE 7 OR 8) Homemaking, General Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 20 2,017 13,999 17,564 90, 637 64, 362 316, 188 1, 955 6,474 7, 579 36, 289 United States. 281 85 297 1, 510 1,111 Alabama. 77 300 '829 18 17 Arizona. 38 341 159 223 2, 980 48 131 823 Arkansas. 595 2,148 10, 500 9, 236 32, 803 87 2,278 3. 051 California. 35 74 58 '273 2,018 3, 572 209 Colorado. 75 463 3,060 4,759 918 413 Connecticut. 76 25 278 523 1,920 63 248 Delaware. 119 243 733 1,580 4, 722 170 20 390 Florida. 37 349 300 238 ' 133 2, 697 1,170 Georgia. 31 30 124 ' 714 466 Idaho. 115 424 1,668 5, 595 460 6,149 717 566 1,448 Illinois. 62 372 750 1,434 1,725 10, 356 574 112 202 Indiana. 84 254 465 422 488 4, 873 375 47 846 Iowa. 188 103 442 2,523 4, 877 295 408 261 Kansas. 248 187 3,657 253 Kentucky. 119 64 300 1, 733 347 Louisiana. 23 123 654 255 619 501 Maine. 145 1,611 169 13, 045 322 115 1,610 Maryland. 253 162 10, 689 217 19, 794 877 22 358 Massachusetts. 89 714 1,504 2,002 6,377 17, 239 156 236 1,023 Michigan. 186 49 1, 608 2,609 13, 270 40 31 103 294 Minnesota. 124 10 374 62 1,068 414 Mississippi. 45 257 219 1,953 1,085 2,777 23 983 Missouri. 108 376 48 267 903 82 Montana. 109 151 164 567 1,257 762 92 Nebraska. 2 420 Nevada. g 147 35 229 495 1, 108 New Hampshire. 78 158 841 8, 023 555 8, 397 228 103 1,569 New Jersey. 67 152 21 43 300 663 65 64 New Mexico. 291 962 790 17, 973 12,083 26, 038 47 620 180 2,175 New York. 311 30 211 1,366 761 North Carolina. 57 64 102 N orth Dakota. 27 590 1, 137 3, 619 4, 085 16, 767 184 2,748 1,701 Ohio. 433 90 877 465 5,969 30 190 42 516 Oklahoma. 13 115 120 224 556 2, 171 74 221 Oregon. 216 1,639 2,378 9,748 1,368 52, 041 92 974 59 5, 303 Pennsylvania. 22 27 1, 366 230 4, 094 270 Rhode Island. 19 476 ’ 106 2, 341 562 South Carolina. 30 61 35 355 1,062 271 South Dakota. 337 49 142 337 4, 074 556 Tennessee. 136 1,789 498 617 2. 629 3,923 515 213 692 Texas. 143 286 102 1, 293 3, 739 75 118 Utah. 60 32 107 1, 075 124 Vermont. 152 276 854 3, 608 45 2,737 Virginia. \Y± 97 ZOo 199 130 653 2,150 4) 453 168 460 63 148 Washington. ao 414 314 1 252 8, 120 923 West Virginia. oo 137 loo 1 115 1, 156 1, 729 3’, 540 81 807 Wisconsin. 18 70 ’ ig * 136 806 159 Wyoming. iU 100 674 830 2,325 2, 683 District of Colum¬ bia. 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3.— Secondary school enrollment , by Statey in [All public second State HOME ECONOMICS— Continued Foods, 1st year Foods, 2d year Foods, 3d year Clothing, 1st year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 United States. 38, 105 72,867 16,497 27,068 2,546 1,811 38,363 83,246 Alabama 706 676 435 561 704 579 Arizona _ 1,105 34 281 1, 133 44 Arkansas _ 40 278 74 54 274 California . 7,438 9, 488 1,926 2,775 1,443 206 9,140 12, 977 Colorado _ 116 700 163 166 218 928 113 1,704 61 260 H 82 1, 655 141 17 131 141 26 565 751 121 667 503 841 680 586 335 665 623 214 252 80 137 252 137 Illinois _ 1,975 9,014 1,081 1,434 71 1,701 10, 176 Indiana _ 1,726 3, 038 948 1, 551 190 12 1,415 3, 371 175 683 164 267 35 126 950 499 1,776 173 651 391 2,113 173 637 116 283 261 516 Louisiana _ 263 240 152 254 266 455 Maine _ _ ... _ 24 17 29 Maryland _ 379 1,195 215 257 257 1,627 Massachusetts _ 436 2, 979 85 1,391 14 282 642 3,118 Michigan _ 1.680 4, 340 842 1, 623 124 54 2,652 5,142 Minnesota _ 844 822 441 237 27 1,055 679 Mississippi _ 56 484 50 109 60 169 Missouri _ 557 2. 352 109 755 41 523 3, 376 Montana Nebraska _ 419 259 60 122 144 426 Nevada _ _ New Hampshire.... 10 New Jersey. . 1,765 4, 495 320 1,692 84 300 1, 567 5, 045 New Mexico 208 61 174 New York _ 1, 555 8,383 363 2,681 258 1,103 9,604 North Carolina _ 72 199 75 70 45 355 North Dakota 74 117 76 Ohio . . . 2,824 2,546 1,294 984 165 240 2,958 2,808 Oklahoma _ 187 736 163 415 31 204 952 Oregon 36 484 116 118 26 43 697 Pennsylvania - 2.721 3,684 877 2,121 170 124 2,045 4, 512 Rhode Island _ 566 127 671 South Carolina _ 190 404 277 253 165 265 South Dakota 65 210 21 221 239 Tflnn pssftft 301 509 100 343 159 580 Texas... . 3. 729 4,408 3, 316 2,173 175 55 3, 138 3,836 Utah . 355 46 95 110 214 Vp.rmnnt 19 19 26 20 Virginia _ 329 624 227 239 195 551 Washington. . 1,892 1,129 672 587 19 16 2, 231 1,066 West Virginia _ 126 246 18 182 24 126 270 Wisconsin. . 1,292 1,396 618 410 74 29 1,259 1,378 Wyoming _ 145 18 40 22 144 51 District of Colum¬ 85 424 51 53 31 98 369 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 75 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] HOME ECONOMICS— Continued Clothing, 2d teak Clothing, 3d yeab Homemaking I Homemaking II Homemaking III State Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 20 20, 488 39, 744 2, 703 3, 020 2,714 430, 176 352 233, 723 706 89, 477 United States. 649 432 27 10, 274 7, 170 2,608 Alabama. 662 l' 371 523 186 Arizona. 76 225 8, 520 5, 626 1,829 Arkansas. 2,786 6,437 1,530 561 13, 566 4, 122 1,911 California. '184 '243 3, 422 1, 472 377 Colorado. 53 446 59 12 5,000 1,878 82 770 Connecticut. 539 63 138 l ' 065 387 183 Delaware. 193 568 ll’ 079 4, 947 1,508 Florida. 373 588 64 12; 589 9, 796 3,350 Georgia. 170 40 2'. 724 1,600 619 Idaho. 1,018 2, 556 67 79 11, 865 7,467 3,939 Illinois. l] 102 1,480 15 27 12] 168 8, 374 129 4,161 Indiana. '182 '408 12! 989 7,016 47 1, 578 Iowa. 217 1,229 99 8, 850 4, 705 1, 798 Kansas. 107 '226 9', 105 5, 383 23 1,655 Kentucky; 165 385 8, 925 6,180 3, 153 Louisiana. 12 2,850 1.561 698 Maine. 278 418 78 5, 760 2, 856 1,472 Maryland. 183 2,478 14 471 10, 100 1,665 1,075 Massachusetts. 1,501 2,540 79 111 555 15, 134 6, 375 2,921 Michigan. 514 426 115 91 52 10, 052 34 5, 691 2,160 Minnesota. 30 90 7,957 5, 919 2,036 Mississippi. 130 1,307 43 9, 036 5,311 1.924 Missouri. 2,543 1,556 548 Montana. 50 245 362 4, 878 2,275 1,008 Nebraska. 686 253 98 Nevada. 1, 532 919 849 New Hampshire. 891 2,572 56 322 100 6, 277 1,783 919 New Jersey. 95 2, 265 1,182 348 New Mexico. 224 3, 426 52 536 173 18, 341 111 6.443 207 5, 167 New York. 52 119 20, 829 15, 395 5,128 North Carolina. 92 22 2, 088 1,681 295 North Dakota. 1,922 1,375 12 46 176 22, 967 130 12, 632 139 4, 730 Ohio. 87 456 19 12, 996 8, 019 2,336 Oklahoma. 48 358 150 179 5, 103 2,554 712 Oregon. 1,174 2. 754 51 102 409 40, 082 16, 910 4,420 Pennsylvania. 261 22 1,716 233 101 Rhode Island. 196 250 7. 568 5, 421 1, 183 South Carolina. 77 75 2, 717 1,414 21 477 South Dakota. 83 460 16,063 10, 335 3, 579 Tennessee. 2,793 2,216 202 81 102 22, 931 77 15, 051 40 4. 477 Texas. 272 24 5, 034 2,514 1,504 Utah. 18 1, 077 559 246 Vermont. 137 265 64 8, 172 6.314 2, 863 Virginia. 1,156 756 12 23 160 7,845 3,866 18 1,469 Washington. 10 242 10,894 4,847 1,324 West Virginia. 709 530 194 48 328 9, 785 5, 072 3, 587 Wisconsin. 36 876 471 198 Wyoming. 76 68 20 510 District of Colum¬ bia. 943949°— 51- 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State HOME ECONOMICS— Continued Homemaking IV Home Manage¬ ment Health and Home Nursing Family Relation¬ ships Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year l 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 United States 121 17, 639 16, 943 24, 369 25, 328 15, 763 22, 074 9,235 Alabama _ 519 135 57 115 16 316 43 Arizona _ 38 367 63 308 284 179 51 68 434 2, 884 3, 105 1, 463 593 1,831 1,283 119 229 300 666 448 48 150 225 654 245 409 244 123 80 174 198 282 145 932 37 175 42 774 114 478 82 1, 069 35 Idaho. _ 239 110 255 30 Illinois _ 657 1,509 4,348 1, 142 122 214 460 874 1, 543 369 2, 616 589 1,437 265 269 444 62 377 261 46 309 391 548 274 62 628 282 196 149 34 280 189 94 Louisiana _ 662 383 357 32 88 96 Maine 144 52 17 31 Maryland _ 422 316 733 65 228 30 Massachusetts _ _ 360 210 1, 369 944 719 30 754 Michigan . . 420 1, 561 522 1,260 99 3, 570 747 Minnesota _ _ 31 100 11 219 216 316 96 Mississippi _ _ 92 40 323 Missouri _ 226 82 267 60 160 446 588 Montana _ 57 280 27 Nebraska . 39 358 965 460 245 93 Nevada New Hampshire _ 318 27 New Jersey _ 183 219 954 3, 181 5, 640 367 493 New Mexico. . 42 38 20 190 78 38 New York _ . 60 780 1,396 3, 961 3, 778 2,803 1, 641 North Carolina _ 546 45 177 37 179 246 North Dakota _ 58 54 55 Ohio _ 1, 475 1, 167 1, 010 1, 151 380 933 372 Oklahoma _ 455 69 150 1, 369 34 Oregon _ . 116 362 860 195 59 67 Pennsylvania _ 1, 480 880 1, 668 1,608 1,540 472 232 Rhode Island _ 9 70 24 50 47 South Carolina _ 57 172 South Dakota _ 40 116 148 95 16 Tennessee _ 560 37 85 109 34 Texas _ 421 780 414 1, 399 176 1, 400 167 Utah.. . . 1, 015 502 70 Vermont _ 170 12 Virginia _ 641 249 107 267 149 252 113 Washington _ 5 175 615 753 511 657 320 West Virginia _ 68 207 25 164 60 54 Wisconsin _ 1,821 328 452 1, 128 160 800 330 Wyoming _ 128 101 204 25 District of Colum¬ 112 162 105 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 77 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49— Continued ary day schools] HOME ECONOMICS-Continued State Child Develop¬ ment Consumer Buying The House Related Arts Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 20 8,030 2, 854 3, 962 1,130 1, 527 1, 178 2, 248 4, 971 United States. 161 172 Alabama. 334 60 Arizona. 37 Arkansas. 1,278 434 219 178 147 155 1,848 1, 157 California. 34 72 Colorado. 36 48 58 Connecticut. 31 Delaware. 220 485 84 70 Florida. 19 Georgia. 85 Idaho. 91 97 158 68 97 Illinois. 493 99 196 98 68 66 60 Indiana. 188 43 89 Iowa. 32 43 136 34 Kansas. 180 25 Kentucky. 60 89 Louisiana. 12 Maine. 137 60 25 Maryland. 126 86 29 19 22 32 Massachusetts. 819 89 74 149 16 Michigan. 7 43 31 Minnesota. 48 46 Mississippi. 56 29 43 143 Missouri. Montana. 187 178 36 Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire.. 1,049 300 341 113 209 52 New Jersey. 19 26 New Mexico. 641 783 277 99 130 398 33 2,433 New York. North Carolina. 38 North Dakota. 492 67 451 162 58 27 75 Ohio. 54 24 34 34 33 Oklahoma. 100 Oregon. 243 61 767 104 12 146 28 918 Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. 46 South Carolina. 35 32 South Dakota. 54 43 57 Tennessee. 451 126 21 31 36 Texas. 38 Utah. 25 Vermont. 159 35 121 124 24 Virginia. 123 39 118 Washington. 71 57 53 West Virginia. 50 38 30 23 53 Wisconsin. 28 20 Wyoming. 327 41 District of Colum¬ bia. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second State AGRICULTURE Agriculture (GRADE 7 OR 8) Agriculture I Agriculture II Agriculture III Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year i 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 United States 4, 155 5, 055 644 158, 715 237 100,476 120 72, 419 283 6,017 4, 110 3,035 564 350 274 215 709 71 5,846 4, 288 2,787 3, 076 155 7,059 3,993 2,650 1,233 799 458 299 38 123 164 141 112 344 997 4, 131 2,697 1,093 206 5, 467 4, 119 3, 520 1, 151 689 424 35 6,735 4, 839 4, 190 542 27 5, 171 2,361 2, 413 123 5, 617 59 2, 001 62 1,393 13 3, 117 20 1, 820 1,341 Kentucky _ 76 4, 276 2,292 2,041 Louisiana _ 32 3, 710 2,588 1, 997 Maine _ - 438 326 335 Maryland _ 493 1, 661 868 565 Massachusetts _ 463 297 304 Michigan _ _ 71 34 4,983 90 3, 223 17 1,893 Minnesota _ 146 2,675 1, 773 1, 653 Mississippi _ 38 210 4, 300 3, 216 1, 757 Missouri _ 5, 738 3, 042 2,203 Montana _ 1,052 491 433 TCphraslca 9 69 1 896 26 1, 231 913 Nevada.. _ _ 74 61 40 New Hampshire _ 194 157 110 New Jersey _ 753 569 505 New Mexico _ _ 20 526 436 334 New York . . 324 192 127 2, 477 2, 529 1,525 North Carolina _ 8,231 5,932 3, 653 North Dakota _ 1, 203 489 557 Ohio _ ... _ 61 133 5, 113 2, 023 15 2, 174 Oklahoma _ 82 7, 449 3, 839 2,330 Oregon _ _ 1,390 891 564 Pennsylvania _ 4, 619 3, 109 2,722 Rhode Island _ 96 81 72 South Carolina _ 28 4, 672 3, 592 1, 462 South Dakota _ 530 406 222 Tennessee . 298 6,997 3, 957 2,691 Texas . . 92 13, 733 9,801 6,583 Utah . . 30 1,914 1,076 869 Vermont _ _ 204 291 163 166 Virginia . . 129 15 4, 529 2,894 2,400 Washington _ 2, 358 1, 864 1,443 West Virginia _ 98 2, 630 1,482 991 Wisconsin _ _ 47 4, 581 42 3, 288 26 2,872 Wyoming. . . ’ 592 245 227 District of Colum¬ bia. Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 79 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] AGRICUL¬ TURE— Con. HEALTH, SAFETY, AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION Agriculture IV Physical Edu¬ cation Health Hygiene Safety Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Full year year year year year year year year year year 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 124 31, 450 109, 194 5,006,458 272, 997 1,543,572 99,313 235, 009 116, 323 137, 633 135 772 116, 925 5, 404 37,683 584 2, 470 3,491 4,674 42 20, 184 412 2, 553 26 362 346 250 596 1,367 79, 975 3, 470 10, 867 1,727 2, 665 1,081 3, 802 1,319 479, 712 10, 124 60,706 2, 979 2, 460 4,118 3,030 ' 115 850 42, 027 3, 841 7,592 1,763 1,840 754 430 12 62, 479 1,292 11, 038 269 3, 861 2, 040 1,788 58 419 14, 781 872 4,642 114 359 114, 292 6, 004 19, 755 1, 324 526 1, 542 523 1,503 2,340 48, 027 5, 438 14, 657 2,238 1,653 1,292 ' 314 18, 393 1,325 10,204 208 1,760 3, 587 278, 687 3, 295 127, 367 491 2, 916 5, 098 12, 152 984 6,288 113, 382 28, 247 18, 209 2, 633 2, 190 23, 122 8, 645 1,115 2, 653 104, 075 7, 824 10, 930 3, 346 895. 1,219 1,208 312 3, 869 58, 802 3,640 11,398 638 1,261 329 288 658 169 58, 074 10, 052 23, 910 3, 570 1, 378 921 931 187 64, 962 188 25, 643 120 1, 023 6,894 191 21, 348 456 1,522 227 277 183 305 94, 989 31, 331 5, 648 3,033 120 137 193 969 170, 485 3,326 50, 119 505 10, 392 4,246 2, 730 77 812 2, 527 161, 640 8,975 37, 688 2, 748 5,568 1,436 1,865 974 5,291 107, 806 7,031 28, 937 11 131 1,788 2,221 126 1, 270 26, 329 4,600 7, 125 878 76 2, 181 933 1, 517 2, 107 132, 212 6,736 13,008 1,595 1, 933 304 304 191 338 15, 823 37 4,737 53 66 77 17 286 2,651 23, 428 1,601 536 612 575 810 5, 030 1, 724 522 1, 395 76 575 10, 417 382 1, 571 90 286 273 526 18l| 121 14, 138 70* 407 2, 608 12, 373 12. 867 19, 606 966 16, 878 792 3,703 22 300 306 743 1,403 14, 068 534, 196 27, 349 83, 566 48, 712 115, 525 9, 197 17, 965 2, 329 6, 719 58, 346 7,311 47, 208 949 640 1, 285 1,363 353 27, 336 594 1,514 154 93 545 1,023 17 1,112 4,178 313, 710 14, 901 66, 620 3, 897 10, 090 3, 366 4, 092 1,862 1,065 50, 117 2, 186 8, 439 205 97 232 187 389 3, 431 57, 556 6,501 42, 348 846 220 1,751 1,928 489, 219 12, 860 366, 285 2,708 37,783 4, 089 8, 699 60 28, 822 11, 055 504 1,067 201 1, 631 45, 267 3, 433 15, 621 1, 303 6,386 3,663 69 139 9, 861 612 65 38 1,544 1, 811 7, 494 9l’ 292 9, 463 46, 094 96 1,650 3,440 1,014 170 220, 535 13,800 68,940 2,525 1,172 11,628 11,283 394 14, 060 34, 023 14, 380 19, 889 487 411 1,654 1,544 75 9, 452 94 410 29 400 1,105 1,268 97, 545 2,785 42, 260 897 1,050 1,008 2, 404 728 5,783 68,986 10, 691 21, 491 263 237 1,639 117 261 5, 397 78, 614 3,907 25, 987 92 460 68 375 13 2, 070 2, 329 108, 020 2, 453 12, 569 2,284 4, 184 918 86 50 9,448 1, 820 18 30 755 31,830 175 11, 829 130 1,089 3, 109 State 20 United States. Alabama. Arizona. Arkansas. California. Colorado. Connecticut. Delaware. Florida. Georgia. Idaho. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa. Kansas. Kentucky. Louisiana. Maine. Maryland. Massachusetts. Michigan. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri. Montana. Nebraska. Nevada. New Hampshire. New Jersey. New Mexico. New York. North Carolina. North Dakota. Ohio. Oklahoma. Oregon. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. South Carolina. South Dakota. Tennessee. Texas. Utah. Vermont. Virginia. Washington. West Virginia. Wisconsin. Wyoming. District of Colum¬ bia. 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 State United States. Alabama _ Arizona _ Arkansas . . California _ Colorado . . . Connecticut - Delaware - Florida - Georgia . . . Idaho _ Illinois _ Indiana.. _ _ Iowa . . . Kansas. . . Kentucky. . . . Louisiana _ Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts . Michigan _ Minnesota - Mississippi - Missouri _ Montana _ Nebraska - - Nevada - New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York - North Carolina - North Dakota _ Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Oregon... . . Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island . . South Carolina . South Dakota _ Tennessee . Texas _ Utah _ Vermont _ Virginia . . . Washington - West Virginia _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ District of Colum¬ bia. Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second HEALTH, SAFETY, & PHYSICAL E D UC A TIO N— Continued MUSIC Driver Educa¬ tion Military Drill Chorus Band Half Full Half Full Half Full Half Full year year year year year year year year 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 157, 928 48, 543 1, 757 65, 944 51,903 642, 135 21,223 486, 877 1,336 179 1, 066 602 6,122 153 7,157 1, 636 617 551 1, 816 2, 941 '663 311 40 4, 248 5, 019 12, 873 3,513 185 7,296 3, 259 25, 505 1, 776 29, 760 1, 239 155 1, 333 788 8,043 88 7,262 1,930 473 897 8,359 84 1,881 109 622 177 1,908 102 627 2, 950 525 1, 441 1, 142 6,241 898 10, 671 703 436 177 5,935 721 4, 141 369 3, 830 668 36 325 93 4,967 5, 146 9,139 1, 661 7, 905 2,276 31, 526 1,318 25, 183 6, 994 1,203 1, 428 2, 777 21, 889 803 19, 586 3,804 1,026 1,030 1, 784 13, 485 473 13, 716 1, 835 181 334 534 13, 805 277 17, 260 999 558 679 410 6,905 360 6,224 457 907 1, 841 313 4, 785 6,955 607 326 1,316 81 2,526 1, 907 1,835 1, 872 5, 769 225 1, 866 5, 279 2,361 371 11, 192 2,234 41, 762 81 7, 779 6,078 1,340 299 2,854 1,305 25, 488 787 23,749 3, 684 1,504 1, 165 18, 576 326 11, 112 1, 655 343 357 337 3, 487 5, 669 4,006 1, 004 2,021 1, 528 26, 601 1,036 16, 633 1,092 434 2,756 3,837 2,497 299 438 514 1, 187 9,360 296 7,328 177 341 241 102 1,069 937 24 1, 652 1, 141 4, 482 3,937 254 1,117 15, 269 481 7,436 930 69 182 239 2, 956 2,653 7,390 1, 395 82 5, 932 48, 494 3,701 26, 446 1, 749 1, 173 265 523 5,225 164 7,744 3,634 525 4,020 5, 353 8,656 872 3, 978 60, 618 1, 790 36,208 4, 230 1,114 425 167 12,209 113 12, 369 2,137 411 147 6,330 111 7,400 8,291 6,330 1, 370 88, 564 1,000 31, 000 310 232 140 81 3,519 52 1, 126 1, 358 1, 225 1, 193 4,084 3,847 616 122 497 3, 812 4,031 168 147 194 3, 573 711 6,340 475 6,556 13, 763 1, 925 5,761 2,211 26, 144 261 35,805 2,815 420 823 3, 081 10, 057 270 6, 959 445 211 1,533 1, 002 2, 183 950 1,295 1,660 6,227 183 5,002 5, 945 930 303 1, 289 10, 134 1, 576 8,886 2, 887 1,271 1,308 5,067 518 10, 389 10, 372 3, 148 11 237 2,575 16, 611 861 18, 887 346 226 750 1, 563 113 2,340 39 2,177 174 1, 396 230 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 81 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] MU SIC — Continued State Glee Club Music Appre¬ ciation General or Public School Music Orchestra Harmony Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 20 38,443 463, 576 66, 783 272, 768 34, 609 206,981 10, 727 121,407 8,216 30, 289 United States. 1, 222 10, 493 194 5, 583 399 811 313 1, 169 Alabama. 3, 380 20 315 10 24 567 10 36 Arizona. 1 120 7 041 60 1, 662 278 52 45 282 Arkansas. 3, 940 28. 392 9,484 6, 543 5, 975 26, 658 1. 239 14, 967 381 2,005 California. 240 7,273 528 199 2,424 187 2,143 295 132 Colorado. 90 5, 445 9 8,353 204 2,657 87 1, 401 251 Connecticut. 44 825 324 1, 064 1, 557 194 24 Delaware. 1,235 10, 058 1, 226 2, 147 2,397 2,083 126 723 850 261 Florida. 1,975 6 002 614 3 490 916 620 236 28 Georgia. 3’ 931 15 633 200 1, 065 45 13 Idaho. 939 18, 258 684 9,655 28 7,496 35 5,787 163 1, 500 Hlinois. 1, 566 14, 030 1,603 2,738 743 2,881 344 4. 380 221 1, 512 Indiana. 865 14, 465 82 2,176 2,247 274 2, 944 5 71 Iowa. 280 23. 398 521 954 219 72 190 4, 404 86 231 Kansas. 686 8,870 582 1, 303 163 2,229 67 1, 092 133 142 Kentucky. 5, 007 174 338 491 517 126 359 Louisiana. 81 4, 531 768 81 1, 130 6 Maine. 450 5, 477 5 570 23, 965 2,462 21, 765 1,055 155 Maryland. 297 13! 942 ’636 17, 331 3.967 35 4,539 120 974 Massachusetts. 2,240 21, 170 3, 459 3, 267 1,539 6, 320 250 5,006 275 885 Michigan. 619 7,566 1, 542 2,769 1, 208 5, 487 173 1, 978 47 553 Minnesota. 4, 700 120 624 1, 228 82 20 288 Mississippi. 2,273 24,088 23 2,026 102 2,287 204 3, 140 23 426 Missouri. 170 2, 086 363 575 50 Montana. 8^857 152 1, 124 10 1, 579 162 1, 228 106 Nebraska. 87 980 405 42 172 18 Nevada. 36 2, 468 2, 606 90 640 1, 141 New Hampshire. 781 lo! 584 3,124 10] 895 3, 054 7,311 417 4, 905 140 1, 055 New Jersey. 164 2, 348 468 386 147 New Mexico. 4,475 21,’ 201 12, 152 46, 841 2,433 38,228 4,044 12, 152 621 4, 611 New York. 1, 177 14, 606 735 2, 626 16 732 27 175 North Carolina. 58 6, 856 73 289 579 37 North Dakota. 1,692 35! 631 761 7,328 927 9,767 675 11, 069 317 1, 979 Ohio. 491 10, 706 1, 343 2,839 528 441 1, 418 188 692 Oklahoma. 169 5, 956 913 160 2,633 651 34 1,264 112 107 Oregon. 835 19, 994 4,208 66, 947 4,375 42, 668 511 12,240 2,332 5,193 Pennsylvania. 55 2,036 630 2,077 265 24 739 663 79 Rhode Island. 57 5, 517 1, 256 1, 447 45 174 135 South Carolina. 453 5] 210 ’ 5 1, 120 715 9 South Dakota. 160 4^ 180 695 2,490 328 30 567 153 694 Tennessee. 1,490 11,206 4,790 7,504 791 1, 804 100 4, 295 308 1,483 Texas. 883 6,095 540 741 490 96 53 1, 995 346 42 Utah. 2, 509 251 349 Vermont. 362 6] 134 2,390 1, 829 156 359 56 616 220 Virginia. 2,063 6,350 1, 831 140 1, 364 689 2,258 75 71 Washington. 836 7,921 1, 685 7,177 1, 213 2,756 151 502 44 759 West Virginia. 1, 160 11, 563 1, 047 2,736 190 1, 347 218 3,268 75 111 Wisconsin. 80 3, 785 15 342 11 Wyoming 647 455 983 4,462 5, 713 77 519 15 61 District of Colum¬ bia. 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3. — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second MUSIC— Continued ART State Instrumental Music Theory and Prac¬ tice Art I Art II Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year * 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 United States. 1, 177 14,452 1,462 11, 173 6, 387 26, 843 1, 576 11, 132 Alabama. . . . 119 18 36 81 63 40 295 4, 414 190 876 527 7,336 217 407 2,363 156 30 43 18 121 781 52 649 389 68 184 183 70 86 39 98 60 37 378 3 618 276 2,346 78 524 163 194 15 656 403 167 115 20 66 80 38 408 121 20 14 234 83 Louisiana _ 368 5 144 52 14 Maine .. _ Maryland. _ 852 15 915 906 Massachusetts _ 67 411 462 77 Michigan _ _ _ 70 341 522 190 664 287 80 Minnesota _ 121 22 100 179 946 336 Mississippi _ 304 21 Missouri _ . 6 884 198 Montana _ 106 40 Nebraska _ 151 135 142 Nevada _ _ New Hampshire _ 53 54 New Jersey. . . 607 19 933 185 1, 332 121 433 New Mexico _ _ .. 35 96 New York .. 340 2,508 210 1, 108 3,323 4,972 805 1, 506 North Carolina . North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ _ 62 189 423 495 350 847 308 Oklahoma _ 37 523 864 200 144 45 Oregon _ 18 121 358 208 Pennsylvania _ 2,652 2,271 21 2,349 16 2,232 Rhode Island. . South Carolina . 22 South Dakota _ 58 28 Tennessee _ 72 Texas 84 107 76 32 Utah.. . . 20 32 104 125 92 Vermont _ Virginia _ 389 283 67 Washington _ 14 18 321 205 West Virginia _ 11 136 63 12 49 Wisconsin _ 102 32 573 28 280 Wyoming. 16 16 22 District of Colum¬ 24 106 12 bia. Note.— For list of courses included under each subject- title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 83 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] ART- Continued State Art III Art IV Freehand Drawing Art Apprecia¬ tion General Art Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 20 616 3, m 1,387 2,579 85,072 297, 879 96, 183 273, 758 57,878 195, 859 United States. 246 851 153 1. 392 1,666 Alabama. 25 50 32 302 305 1,753 610 Arizona. 16 83 690 14 1, 726 14 560 Arkansas. 196 609 95 87 8,521 16, 835 14, 695 3, 811 7,151 24, 455 California. 21 22 1, 097 1,537 2,713 2,290 2,423 3, 052 Colorado. 186 112 560 8,655 1,692 2,964 472 2,068 Connecticut. 76 780 76 457 284 2,755 Delaware. 2,840 1,779 1, 764 1, 228 1, 235 1,749 Florida. ' 597 1, 924 1,383 995 472 723 Georgia. 24 180 375 115 169 1, 467 Idaho. 767 22 576 761 15, 845 656 12, 732 916 4,004 Illinois. 36 11 42 1,939 8, 344 2,089 3, 948 2, 698 5,211 Indiana. 71 20 1, 420 2, 881 1, 838 5,309 405 3, 827 Iowa. 2 20 203 1, 171 1, 177 1,737 489 1,651 Kansas. 641 2,944 681 1,654 375 1, 450 Kentucky. 77 732 264 410 Louisiana. 65 1, 459 166 241 Maine. 121 114 4, 687 3, 666 1, 333 7, 829 892 19, 700 Maryland. 12 19 269 3, 499 43, 666 2, 548 12, 584 13 7, 012 Massachusetts. 118 43 4,259 9,425 3, 639 4, 727 4, 924 8,023 Michigan. 113 16 951 2,372 2,683 2,427 3, 923 5, 197 Minnesota. 474 110 483 115 Mississippi. 97 22 562 5,038 1,404 2, 187 217 1, 818 Missouri. 22 315 471 315 706 123 Montana. 62 124 17 1,306 1, 015 638 812 79 953 Nebraska. 45 34 45 525 39 Nevada. 8 159 2,098 89 1, 963 439 New Hampshire. 97 42 3, 694 14, 089 2,810 7, 871 2,022 10,279 New Jersey. 14 428 108 119 183 New Mexico. 292 779 792 237 19, 532 35, 345 20,557 60,066 9,402 19, 043 New York. 23 613 2, 413 455 551 520 North Carolina. 260 52 631 130 20 677 North Dakota. 138 130 863 13, 249 1, 462 11, 896 4,738 6, 854 Ohio. 47 45 10 89 1,701 582 2,314 2,355 1,278 Oklahoma. 21 16 80 396 1, 956 833 761 1, 649 895 Oregon. 322 301 10, 393 55, 564 6,633 87,066 2,331 30, 864 Pennsylvania. 57 1, 195 4, 380 1, 082 1,485 955 Rhode Island. 489 837 2,372 South Carolina. 856 100 984 South Dakota. 477 1,314 743 2,335 3,914 Tennessee. 10 16 1, 558 3, 915 6,015 7,348 987 5, 778 Texas. 24 1, 563 2,371 2,568 2,479 558 1,831 Utah. 1, 131 235 78 Vermont. 708 1,066 564 1,354 41 1,443 Virginia. 13 34 4,287 1, 275 4,333 1,402 3, 923 1, 274 Washington. 60 1, 319 4, 230 1,747 2,492 1, 159 3, 382 West Virginia. 55 240 1, 503 4,476 2,244 1, 865 1,711 2,267 Wisconsin. 312 24 131 Wyoming. 3 31 171 13, 024 771 3,306 2,523 District of Colum¬ bia. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 3 . — Secondary school enrollment , by State , in [All public second A RT— Continued State Applied Art Commercial Art School Service Art Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 377 378 379 380 381 382 United States _ 25, 936 88, 837 7, 683 30, 346 3, 538 2, 680 469 298 41 311 146 13 36 43 185 185 California _ 4, 320 9,264 2,267 3, 371 2,126 667 800 245 282 289 140 558 1, 391 707 15 22 72 635 125 74 663 181 38 33 82 281 80 107 Illinois _ 25 2,892 402 1,837 118 57 Indiana . . . 1,233 2,377 126 722 21 60 473 1,358 128 72 176 1, 536 247 Kentucky 1,890 213 135 Louisiana. _ 543 64 Maine _ _ 208 Maryland 467 63 Massachusetts _ _ 2, 602 221 1, 339 141 Michigan _ 1, 656 1, 555 646 1, 391 149 20 Minnesota _ _ 435 1, 864 124 579 92 Mississippi _ 174 9 40 Missouri. _ 372 1, 773 29 1,122 338 Montana _ 293 15 94 102 Nebraska _ _ 11 608 85 88 65 Nevada. __ _ _ 68 121 39 New Hampshire. . . . 325 14 New Jersey - - - 488 1, 611 279 2, 199 17 45 New Mexico _ 104 54 New York - 5,516 14, 944 1,050 6,730 632 312 North Carolina _ 1,499 143 174 North Dakota _ 272 102 Ohio... _ _ 2,458 9,714 245 1,451 324 92 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ 450 1, 151 132 217 58 Oregon _ 267 1,317 70 359 18 Pennsylvania _ 990 13, 027 370 2,112 106 Rhode Island _ 911 158 26 20 South Carolina _ 165 13 South Dakota _ 156 155 Tennessee _ 1, 448 385 Texas _ _ 1, 482 3,238 101 1, 445 Utah.... . . 49 627 244 522 122 Vermont _ 283 Virginia _ 14 1,047 148 166 Washington . . . 973 1,254 161 235 42 130 West Virginia _ 121 1, 403 23 Wisconsin. _ _ 84 2,764 76 287 22 44 Wyoming . . 135 72 District of Columbia _ 20 105 441 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject title, see the appendix. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SLBJECTS 85 subjects offered in 15 or more States , 1948-49 — Continued ary day schools] OTHER INSTRUCTION OR COURSES Group Guidance Student Service Instruction to Special Groups State Half year Full year Half year Full year Full year 383 384 385 386 387 20 6, 747 85, 217 3, 081 5, 724 2, 286 United States. 210 Alabama. Arizona. 58 9 1, 031 Arkansas. 1, 512 1,793 2,768 3,080 764 California. 470 8,971 21 Colorado. 826 Connecticut. Delaware. 45 33 Florida. 26 Georgia. Idaho. 10 Illinois. 14 61 Indiana. 900 135 Iowa. 136 15 Kansas. 1, 308 1, 956 11 Kentucky. Louisiana. 271 23 Maine. 278 Maryland. 11, 276 120 Massachusetts. 154 454 12 75 21 Michigan. 80 363 38 15 Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri. Montana. 38 20 Neraska. Nevada. 37 1, 355 40 New Hampshire. 151 1,812 1,068 44 New Jersey. New Mexico. 853 11, 801 583 New York. 608 North Carolina. North Dakota. 128 692 36 30 26 Ohio. 180 55 20 Oklahoma. 122 Oregon. 724 39, 594 10 250 Pennsylvania. 405 2,119 29 Rhode Island. South Carolina. South Dakota. 16 Tennessee. 36 Texas. 47 Utah. Vermont. Virginia. 53 Washington. 467 232 West Virginia. 21 Wisconsin. io Wyoming. District of Columbia. 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State , 1948-49 Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ENGLISH: Advanced composition . . 2, 536 1,392 211 405 2,747 1,797 California _ 1, 021 93 1, 098 63 405 1,084 93 1,503 Idaho _ _ _ _ _ 250 250 247 55 302 52 52 35 35 Michigan. _ _ _ 264 27 291 338 338 North Carolina _ 26 26 19 50 31 50 50 102 237 102 237 77 77 39 39 District of Columbia . 15 15 American literature . . 2,453 361 174 73 2, 627 434 California . . . 429 174 603 Illinois _ _ 543 36 543 36 Indiana _ _ 411 411 Iowa _ _ 17 36 17 36 Kansas _ 32 32 Michigan . . . 91 91 Missouri _ 430 74 430 74 Nebraska _ _ . 90 90 New York 183 183 Ohio . . . . 318 73 73 318 146 Wyoming _ _ 51 51 English literature . . . 997 1, 405 90 222 1, 087 1,627 California _ 120 574 114 120 688 Illinois _ _ 121 121 Indiana _ _ _ _ 128 24 37 108 165 132 Iowa _ _ 201 201 Kansas 50 50 Missouri 143 57 143 57 Nebraska _ 82 82 New York _ 226 233 226 233 Ohio _ _ _ 298 93 53 351 93 Pennsylvania _ _ 19 19 Wyoming . . 33 33 Current literature . 185 234 62 57 247 291 California _ 26 26 26 26 Illinois _ 24 64 24 64 Michigan. _ 25 25 Missouri _ _ _ 73 37 57 37 130 Nebraska 106 106 New Jersey _ _ 25 25 Ohio 31 31 Texas _ _ 29 29 Wisconsin.. . . . 15 15 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 87 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State , 1948-49 — Con. Subject and State Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Junior Eegular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ENGLISH— Continued College preparatory English. 372 989 63 36 435 1,025 208 80 208 80 Illinois _ _ _ 97 97 58 58 Kansas _ 468 468 34 34 102 49 49 102 71 31 71 31 Pennsylvania _ 36 36 South Dakota . . . 93 93 14 14 119 119 Grammar . . . 1,349 696 517 64 1,866 760 Florida _ _ _ 58 58 452 182 452 182 109 109 126 60 186 Michigan _ 102 89 126 228 89 Missouri _ 33 212 212 33 Montana _ 50 50 Nebraska _ _ _ 47 47 New York _ _ 12 69 81 Ohio _ 275 284 275 284 Oklahoma 58 64 58 64 Pennsylvania _ _ 38 38 Virginia 25 50 75 District of Columbia. . . . 105 105 Foreign adjustment English. .. 900 93 108 853 56 1,064 946 California _ _ 900 93 56 956 93 New York 108 815 108 815 Ohio 38 38 SOCIAL STUDIES: Laten-American history (Grade 7 or 8) 311 1,987 122 270 433 2, 257 Illinois 768 768 Indiana 340 340 Iowa 382 382 Miphigan 235 82 82 235 Ohio 188 188 Pennsylvania 262 262 Tennessee 40 40 W isconsin 311 82 311 82 Modern European history — — • - — — - - — (Grade 7 or 8) - - 995 2,411 427 1, 612 1, 422 4, 023 Alabama _ 240 342 240 342 California 812 812 Florida 136 136 Illinois 409 409 Indiana _ _ _ _ 230 230 Kansas 50 50 Maryland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 164 164 Michigan 298 130 298 130 New Jersey - - - — — - — 649 649 Oklahoma 286 286 Pennsylvania 104 610 714 South Carolina 238 187 425 Washington 560 560 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State, 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SOCIAL STUDIES— Continued Industrial history and geog¬ raphy (Grade 7 or 8): 277 277 1, 130 1, 259 823 495 1,953 1, 754 698 42 104 42 802 252 228 252 228 34 18 52 61 61 131 131 149 149 96 96 137 209 137 209 164 85 249 121 • 121 290 140 57 12 347 152 265 31 55 64 320 95 143 26 26 48 169 74 West Virginia 21 21 English history (Grades 9-1 2)_._ 297 179 567 476 567 Alabama . . . 132 132 Illinois _ 34 96 34 96 Kentucky.. _ 98 98 Maine _ _ 9 9 Massachusetts _ 208 208 Oklahoma . _ 18 18 Pennsylvania _ _ 297 80 297 80 Texas _ _ _ 24 24 Wisconsin _ _ .. 47 47 History of the Orient (Grades 9-12) _ _ 507 395 395 507 California _ 37 37 Colorado _ _ _ _ 30 30 Illinois _ _ 92 92 Massachusetts 59 59 Michigan. _ 507 507 Missouri _ _ 34 34 New Jersey. . _ 34 34 Washington _ _ _ _ 19 19 Wyoming _ .. 90 90 Industrial history and geog¬ raphy (Grades 9-12) _ 278 228 841 144 188 372 1,307 Arkansas . . . 61 61 Illinois _ _ 173? 173 Louisiana _ 58 58 Massachusetts 65 29 29 65 New York _ _ _ 129 43 129 43 North Carolina _ 37 37 Ohio _ _ 31 31 Oklahoma _ _ 33 103 83 116 103 Pennsylvania _ 182 565 87 834 At.t, other social studies _ 256 51 256 51 Missouri _ 225 225 North Carolina _ _ 51 51 Ohio _ _ _ _ 31 31 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject- title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 89 Table 4.— Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State, 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year * 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SCIENCE: Nature study _ 1,111 140 123 1, 251 123 140 140 773 123 773 338 123 Texas _ _ 338 Applied chemistry . . 666 2,969 55 192 721 3, 161 248 15 263 25 35 60 36 36 37 37 20 4 20 4 New Hampshire _ . - 28 28 86 305 34 86 339 177 2,261 29 38 177 2, 299 Ohio _ 119 55 174 29 Pennsylvania - _ 73 30 103 Wisconsin _ _ 198 198 District of Columbia. _ _ _ 29 29 Applied physics. _ _ _ 853 3, 319 77 150 930 3, 469 Arizona _ _ • 119 119 California _ _ _ _ 579 45 624 Connecticut _ 31 31 Delaware 42 42 Illinois 28 28 Massachusetts. _ _ 37 177 37 177 Michigan 69 69 New Jersey 81 326 81 326 New York 382 1,531 382 1,531 18 " Ohio 52 77 18 129 Pennsylvania 37 258 45 37 303 Rhode Island _ _ 48 48 Wisconsin 168 222 168 222 District of Columbia _ 27 27 Fmm awektat.s rnr MAnrrvita 963 523 47 1,010 523 California 231 129 231 129 Connecticut 30 30 Indiana 22 22 Massachusetts 58 58 Michigan 146 146 T'Jftw Jersey 212 212 New York 182 110 30 212 110 Pennsylvania 83 226 17 100 226 Wpst Virginia 11 11 Wisconsin 30 30 District of Columbia. _ _ _ 16 16 A nVANTF.D PTTVSTOS 456 586 456 586 Massaeh n sp t.t_s 204 204 Michigan 40 40 Tprsoy 20 20 'M pw "V nrk 456 456 Pennsylvania 286 286 Virginia... . . . . . 36 _____ . 36 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4.— Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided secondary day schools Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SCIENCE— Continued Applied biology including SOCIAL BIOLOGY _ 749 1,624 63 162 812 1, 786 30 30 300 300 279 279 275 275 767 767 303 303 22 22 Utah _ 386 63 140 449 140 33 33 685 554 685 554 California _ 6 6 New York _ 679 554 679 554 Metallurgy _ 430 321 430 321 Massachusetts 63 63 109 Michigan. _ 18 109 18 New Jersey _ 94 94 New York _ 316 316 Ohio _ 96 55 96 55 Other science: Indiana.. _ 129 129 MATHEMATICS: Analytics _ 278 168 22 300 168 Colorado _ 62 62 Indiana _ _ 31 31 Maryland _ 14 74 14 74 Massachusetts 91 91 22 New Jersey _ _ 25 22 25 Ohio .. _ 45 45 Pennsylvania _ 10 10 Washington _ _ 25 59 25 59 District of Columbia _ 10 10 Calculus _ 115 66 4 119 66 Maryland _ 14 66 14 66 New York _ 81 4 85 Ohio _ 20 20 FOREIGN LANGUAGES: Conversational Spanish. _ _ 54 26 323 6 80 329 California _ 54 260 6 54 266 Idaho 22 22 New York _ 9 9 Pennsylvania _ 32 32 Washington 26 26 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 91 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State , 1948-49 — Con. Type of se ondary s HOOL All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FOREIGN LANGUAGES— Con. French (Grade 7 or 8) _ _ 1,265 9, 481 108 511 1,373 9, 992 California _ _ 148 78 16 148 94 205 44 44 205 4, 583 137 4,583 137 New Jersey ... . _ _ __ 177 155 110 177 265 200 2, 253 64 301 264 2, 554 766 Ohio _ _ 154 688 78 154 6 6 104 117 104 117 Rhode Island _ 92 236 92 236 5 5 385 1,029 385 1, 029 Conversational French . . 25 67 25 67 30 30 New York _ 25 25 Pennsylvania 37 37 German (Grade 7 or 8) _ _ 171 96 64 171 160 New Jersey 127 64 127 64 New York 96 96 Ohio 44 44 German IV _ 31 339 18 31 357 California _ 19 19 Illinois. . 27 27 Maine 7 7 Massachusetts 10 10 New Jersey 36 36 New York 18 85 4 18 89 Ohio 28 13 41 Pennsylvania 102 1 103 Rhode Island 6 6 Washington 13 13 Wisconsin . . 19 19 Italian _ 102 2, 720 15 13, 297 131 117 16, 148 California 119 119 Connecticut 1, 106 1, 106 Illinois 955 955 Massachusetts 270 1, 161 32 1,431 Missouri 32 blew Jprsey 72 15 2,525 15 2,597 New York 102 1,786 6, 223 120 102 8,129 Pprmsylvfvnia 395 645 1,040 Rhode Island . . 197 531 11 739 Hebrew: New York . . 141 315 = 2, 814 . 141 3. 129 Gwir.w.Tr T ===== " 227 ===== ===== 227 TUinnis 143 143 Indiana 14 14 Massachusetts 35 35 Pennsylvania _ _ 35 35 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. 943949'— 51 - 7 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948—49 — Con. Type OF SE ONDARY S HOOL All public Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided secondary day schools Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FOREIGN LANGUAGES— Con. 31 152 40 31 192 132 132 31 31 20 40 60 8 12 67 8 79 8 8 67 67 12 12 _ _ _ 6 6 33 1,023 33 1,023 33 610 33 610 115 115 66 66 Ohio 55 55 Wisconsin _ - _ _ 177 177 Portuguese _ _ - 13 307 320 California. _ _ 13 40 53 Massachusetts . _ 256 256 Rhode Island 11 11 _ _ Swedish _ _ _ 310 310 Illinois _ _ _ 48 48 Massachusetts. _ _ _ 55 55 Minnesota _ 180 180 New York 27 27 Norse _ _ _ 172 172 Minnesota _ _ _ 146 146 Washington.. _ 26 26 Bohemian: Illinois _ . 54 54 Russian: Washington _ _ 14 14 INDUSTRIAL ARTS— NONVO- CATIONAL: Industrial arts III . . 564 1, 408 272 564 1,680 Connecticut _ 32 32 Illinois _ _ _ 56 56 Iowa _ _ _ 40 40 Kansas _ _ _ _ 12 12 Maine _ _ _ _ _ . .. 42 42 Massachusetts _ _ _ _ 22 22 Michigan . _ 45 45 Minnesota _ _ _ 164 164 Nebraska. _ _ _ 37 37 Ohio _ _ _ _ 100 100 Oregon _ _ _ 13 13 Pennsylvania _ 564 1,044 10 564 1, 054 16 South Carolina _ 16 Wisconsin.. . _ _ 47 47 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 93 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools, by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 INDUSTRIAL ARTS— NONVO- CATIONAL— Continued Industrial arts IV _ 428 636 67 428 703 30 30 61 61 Pennsylvania _ _ 428 578 6 428 584 28 28 Industrial arts (Year unspeci¬ fied) . . 324 532 281 324 813 243 414 93 243 507 Indiana _ _ 38 38 Ohio _ _ _ _ _ 25 25 81 55 188 81 243 Plastics . . . 69 760 261 792 86 165 416 1,717 California _ - 148 333 481 Connecticut __ . 462 462 Idaho _ 60 60 Illinois _ _ _ - 20 20 Maryland _ _ _ 34 34 Michigan. _ _ .. 120 120 Minnesota 36 53 36 53 Missouri . . 33 33 New Jersey. _ _ _ 122 231 32 49 154 280 New York 41 41 Ohio 116 116 Pennsylvania 99 54 54 99 Tennessee 30 30 Washington _ _ 38 22 38 22 Industrial arts aviation 508 356 476 1,057 288 984 1,701 California _ 310 124 140 456 35 450 615 Florida _ 232 76 308 Illinois 30 66 203 96 203 Indiana 5 128 133 Michigan 24 15 39 New York 144 255 239 125 399 364 Pennsyl vania 36 36 Tennessee 13 13 W ashington 29 29 _ Textiles . . 168 264 36 485 57 204 806 Alabama 29 29 Massachusetts 152 25 177 New Mexico 21 21 New York 168 112 439 168 551 North Carolina 28 28 Washington _ _ _ 36 36 Transportation laboratory 196 115 26 196 141 New Jersey 115 115 New York 196 26 196 26 _ .. ■ : Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools, by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948—49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 INDUSTRIAL ARTS— NONVO¬ CATION AL— Continued Other industrial arts educa¬ tion _ _ _ 344 573 141 1,100 128 174 613 1, 847 301 55 356 Florida _ _ _ ... 160 160 91 91 451 451 29 29 573 86 142 14 86 729 Ohio - _ _ - 37 37 218 218 43 43 District of Columbia _ 260 260 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION— VOCA¬ TIONAL: Foundry and Forging 3,250 752 3, 250 752 California _ 17 17 Florida _ 49 49 Illinois _ _ _ 462 36 462 36 Indiana _ _ __ 67 95 67 95 Kentucky. _ 13 13 Maryland 642 642 Michigan. _ _ 176 176 Minnesota _ _ _ 43 43 New Jersey.. 15 15 New York _ 1,961 1, 961 Ohio . _ _ _ 42 42 Oregon _ 280 280 Pennsylvania _ 44 44 Wisconsin _ 60 60 Shoe repair _ 723 118 841 Alabama _ 44 3 47 Illinois _ _ 121 121 Indiana .. _ 148 148 Louisiana 52 52 Michigan ... 24 24 Minnesota _ _ _ 19 19 Mississippi _ _ 79 79 Missouri. _ 42 75 117 Nebraska. . 18 18 New York 89 89 North Carolina _ 29 29 Oklahoma _ 16 16 Oregon _ 22 22 Tennessee .. 60 60 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 95 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects * in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State , 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION — VOCA¬ TIONAL— Continued Painting and decorating _ 121 492 156 121 648 California.. . . 15 15 40 Florida. . . . . . . 40 Illinois _ . .. 121 121 Indiana _ _ 25 25 48 Iowa _ _ _ 48 Louisiana _ _ . 11 11 Michigan.. . . . . 34 15 49 New Jersey.. _ _ 90 90 New York _ _ 115 115 41 Pennsylvania. . . 41 Rhode Island . _ 34 34 66 66 Texas. _ _ _ 75 75 Washington. _ _ _ 39 39 TATT.OTjXNrO _ _ 72 5, 177 319 72 5,496 California _ _ _ _ 169 169 Florida _ 30 30 Illinois _ _ 22 453 22 453 Indiana _ 165 165 Iowa _ 9 9 Kentucky _ . 177 177 Michigan 70 70 Minnesota 29 29 Missouri _ 188 167 355 New York _ _ _ _ 50 3, 529 22 50 3, 551 363 Ohio _ _ .. 358 5 South Carolina _ 49 49 Texas 76 76 Photography 1,043 134 1, 177 California _ _ _ 248 248 Florida 45 45 Illinois 12 12 Kansas _ _ _ 13 13 Mississippi 19 19 New Jersey 46 46 New York 546 11 557 Ohio 63 63 Oregon _ 32 32 Texas 123 123 Washington. _ _ 19 19 Pattern making _ 317 1, 270 91 =^=== 408 1,270 Illinois 190 109 190 109 Indiana 37 37 Maine 39 39 Michigan 176 176 Minnesota 55 31 55 31 New Hampshire 10 10 Yaw York 359 359 Ohio 62 126 91 153 126 Oregon 80 80 PPTiTisylvRnift 299 299 West Virginia _ 14 1 14 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State , 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided secondary day schools Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 'RADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION — VOCA¬ TIONAL — Continued 497 259 756 69 69 38 38 54 Missouri _ 54 New Jersey _ _ 32 32 73 73 192 North Carolina _ 123 69 Pennsylvania _ 67 67 107 107 40 40 Virginia _ 55 29 84 Refrigeration and air condi- 526 14 540 Delaware.— _ _ 15 16 Florida _ .. .. 89 89 Iowa _ _ 11 11 Louisiana _ 4 14 18 Michigan. _ 46 46 New Jersey _ 37 37 New York _ 190 190 Tennessee _ _ 56 56 Texas . . .. _ 78 78 Plumbing _ _ _ .. 830 18 848 Delaware _ _ _ _ 23 23 Indiana _ _ _ _ _ 75 75 Kentucky _ .. 24 24 Maine.. _ _ 18 18 New Jersey _ 42 42 New York _ 425 425 Oregon _ _ ... 84 84 Pennsylvania. _ _ 113 113 Virginia _ _ _ _ 44 44 Textiles _ _ _ .. 55 988 37 55 1, 025 Georgia _ _ 72 72 Illinois _ _ . 66 66 Minnesota _ _ 67 67 New Jersey _. ._ 79 79 New York _ 82 82 Pennsylvania _ 10 194 10 194 South Carolina _ 428 37 465 Wisconsin 45 45 Ihef’s trade and baking. 423 193 616 Florida _ 22 22 Kansas _ _ 5 5 Michigan 101 101 Missouri _ _ _ _ 20 35 55 New Hampshire _ 7 6 13 New York 369 369 Tennessee 50 50 Virginia 1 1 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 97 Table 4.— Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school , and by State , 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public secondary day schools Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year < 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION— VOCA¬ TIONAL— Continued Power serving machine oper¬ ating _ _ _ _ 24 1, 114 154 24 1,268 California . . . . 211 154 365 29 837 37 Missouri _ 29 New York _ _ _ _ 837 Ohio . . . . 37 Wisconsin _ _ __ 24 24 Barbering _ 280 88 36 Indiana _ _ 50 50 10 Minnesota . . . . 10 Oklahoma . _ . 54 54 220 220 West Virginia... _ 34 34 Upholstery _ _ 110 69 179 California _ _ _ _ _ 69 69 Michigan _ . 13 13 Minnesota _ 40 40 New York . . . . . 57 57 Plastics . . 32 188 32 188 Illinois _ _ _ 65 65 Massachusetts . . 33 33 Missouri _ 32 32 Texas . . . . . 90 90 Watch and jewelry repair .. 431 431 Florida _ _ _ 11 11 Minnesota _ 32 32 New York _ _ 388 388 Sign painting . . . 60 291 60 291 Florida .. 107 107 Kentucky _ 62 62 New York _ 60 122 60 122 Surveying _ _ _ _ 434 82 434 82 Maryland _ 434 434 New York 82 82 Commercial fisheries.. 92 _ 1 92 Maine. . _ 64 64 Washington 28 28 Millinery. . _ 121 202 121 202 Illinois . . 121 56 121 56 New York 146 146 Note.— For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 98 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools, by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided secondary day schools Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full ryea ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION — VOCA¬ TIONAL — Continued Other trade and industrial EDUCATION _ _ 568 2,293 4 105 572. 2,398 108 108 55 55 80 80 59 6 65 68 68 370 1,954 21 370 1, 975 Ohio _ _ _ 4 4 10 87 10 87 35 58 93 35 35 20 20 BUSINESS EDUCATION: 244 244 Typing IV. . . . . 616 131 747 Indiana _ _ _ _ 46 46 Maryland _ _ 437 131 568 Michigan. _ 17 17 Pennsylvania. _ _ 99 99 Wisconsin _ _ _ 17 17 Shorthand III.. . . 466 1,554 27 390 493 1,944 California. _ _ 102 27 18 27 120 Georgia _ _ 4 4 Illinois _ _ _ 116 116 Indiana _ _ 29 29 Massachusetts . 111 440 43 111 483 Michigan _ _ _ 17 17 Nebraska. _ _ _ 18 18 New Jersey.. 119 119 New York _ _ 326 408 326 408 Ohio . . . . . 38 107 145 Pennsylvania _ 250 218 468 Washington _ _ 17 17 District of Columbia _ _ 29 29 Shorthand IV _ _ _ _ 52 15 67 Georgia _ _ 16 15 Illinois _ _ 35 35 New York _ _ _ 17 17 Other business education 356 356 Indiana _ 36 36 New York _ _ _ 320 320 Other instruction or courses: Teacher training . . . 9 1,127 70 9 1,197 Missouri. _ _ _ 93 10 103 Nebraska _ 1,016 60 1,076 Washington _ _ _ 9 12 9 12 Wyoming _ _ _ 6 6 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 99 Table 4. — Enrollment in uncommon subjects 1 in public secondary day schools , by type of organization of school, and by State, 1948-49 — Con. Type of secondary school All public Subject and State Junior Regular (4-year) and senior Junior-senior and undivided secondary day schools Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full year Half year Full ryea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 BUSINESS EDUCATION— Con. A UDITORIUM - . . . 453 3, 320 1,971 293 746 5,291 Alabama _ _ _ _ 37 37 Illinois _ __ _ _ _ 453 453 Indiana _ _ _ 1,892 1,892 Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 900 900 Michigan __ _ __ 1,565 1,565 New Hampshire _ _ _ 855 855 Oklahoma _ _ . - 293 293 Washington _ _ _ _ 42 42 Correspondence courses _ __ 29 655 21 50 50 705 Michigan. 251 251 Nebraska 159 159 New Hampshire 3 3 New Jersey 71 71 New York 21 21 North Dakota . ________ 29 100 29 100 Pennsylvania 50 50 South Dfllrnta 19 19 Wisconsin 52 52 Note. — For list of courses included under each subject-title, see the appendix. 1 Subjects offered in fewer than 15 States. 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 5.— Percentage of pupils , by State , taking subjects taught in last 4 1948- [Note. — In computing percentages, the enrollments in all levels of a subject (elementary, applied, or advanced) the enrollment in elementary algebra, intermediate algebra, and advanced or college algebra; the en- of machines, radio including electronics, and advanced physics; etc.] State Total enrollment (Grades 9-12) English Debate Radio speaking and broadcasting a .22 *3 g o Creative writing and advanced composi¬ tion Literature •o § § > ■s o GO 2 GQ P Latin-American his¬ tory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States _ 5, 399, 452 92.9 0.3 0.1 L9 0.2 0.2 22.8 0.5 108, 141 95.4 .4 .6 18.9 25’ 221 84.0 . 1 3.7 0.2 1. 3 20. 7 . 9 70, 787 95. 7 .2 3.3 21.4 1 California _ _ 376' 717 82.5 .1 .2 3.4 .8 1.2 23.3 4.7 49, 485 84.6 .3 3.5 (4) 23.2 64, 023 99.2 .2 .5 .1 .1 28.3 . 2 10' 399 91. 9 2.3 21.3 86, 240 95.2 . 2 1.8 .1 22.0 .3 118' 180 98.1 .1 .2 1.0 .1 21.5 Idaho _ _ _ 29i 373 91.8 .3 .2 4.1 .5 .4 24.0 .3 Illinois . . . 298, 927 87.9 .1 .1 1.6 .2 .3 21.6 .4 Indiana. - - - 157, 364 87.5 .2 .1 2.2 .2 .5 23.1 .1 Iowa. . . . . 108, 215 90.2 .2 . 1 2.3 .1 .2 24.2 .1 Kansas _ 85, 236 80. 7 .9 . 1 3.3 . 1 . 2 23.6 Kentucky _ 86,441 96.8 .2 1.2 . 1 . 1 20. 2 .3 Louisiana. 65, 936 95.4 .2 .4 16. 1 Maine _ _ 35, 701 99.3 . 1 . 1 24.4 . 4 Maryland .. _ 59, 687 97. 9 (4) 2.3 . 1 19. 7 Massachusetts _ _ 155, 684 98.4 .6 (4) .5 (4) (4) 23.7 .3 Michigan _ _ _ 221, 247 90.3 .5 .2 2.4 .1 .1 22.2 .1 Minnesota. .. _ _ _ 122,475 98.2 . 1 .1 1.6 (4) 23.5 Mississippi _ 67, 519 98. 5 .3 .6 22. 6 Missouri - - - 145, 119 90.0 .3 .2 2. 0 .3 .8 21.9 (4) Montana _ 25, 244 88.3 .9 .2 6.7 . 1 22.6 .2 Nebraska _ _ _ _ 61, 113 87.8 .4 . 1 3. 1 .2 . 5 23.3 Nevada. _ 5, 755 90.7 .3 3.2 20.6 New Hampshire _ 19. 392 99. 2 .1 22. 6 . 1 New Jersey - 167, 272 98.4 (4) .1 1.0 .2 (4) 37.4 .4 New Mexico _ _ .. _ 21, 605 92. 9 2.3 .2 19.3 New York... - - 520, 747 94.1 .1 .2 1.2 .2 .2 22.2 (4) North Carolina _ 150. 834 97.9 .6 (4) .8 (4) 20.4 (4) North Dakota 28, 940 97. 6 . 4 4.3 24. 5 Ohio _ _ _ 286, 095 89.8 .3 .2 2.6 .2 .4 23.3 .3 Oklahoma _ _ _ 109, 866 95. 7 . 5 2. 1 (4) 21.3 .4 Oregon 60, 039 92.6 . 2 . 1 3.8 . 1 . 1 23.0 Pennsylvania - - 402, 064 97.7 .2 (4) .7 .1 (4) 24.6 .2 Rhode Island _ 22, 395 98. 7 1.4 22.6 .2 South Carolina _ _ 70, 467 98.4 . 2 1.0 21.5 . 1 South Dakota _ _ 28, 918 95.3 . 8 7.5 .2 23. 9 .7 T'p.nnfissep. 106, 449 98.8 . 1 .2 18.4 (<) Texas.. . . 263, 118 92.5 .3 .1 2.1 (4) (4) 21.4 .1 Utah _ 37, 395 88.3 1.7 .3 2.2 20.4 1.0 Vermont __ _ _ 12, 079 98.8 1.3 25. 7 Virginia _ _ 110, 582 97. 2 . 1 1.0 .1 21.6 (4) Washington - 88, 279 89.6 .5 .2 4.5 .4 (4) 23.1 .7 West Virginia _ __ 85, 343 95. 1 3.3 (4) 20. 8 .4 Wisconsin _ _ 135, 219 90.9 'a (4) 1.1 .4 (4) 23.4 .1 Wyoming _ 13, 278 90.1 . 5 3.7 .6 20.6 .6 District of Ooliimhia 19,847 99.2 2.0 .1 21.2 .8 See footnotes at end of table. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 101 years of public secondary day schools 1 and offered in 15 or more States ,2 49 have been combined with the enrollment in the basic subject. Thus, the enrollment in "algebra” includes rollment in "physics” includes the enrollment in applied physics, fundamentals of electricity, fundamentals W a." c « > c3 o a a* O o § & s“~ O O a 2 0 1 3 t>> o •S3 2 2 o o 2 ® 2 2“ 03 03 a > .2 '3 A bdern Eure tory A 2 be O o O ZJ X G > o c3 cS a 2 H Ow x> o GO a > W) 0 0 *8 bo 0 0 x: 0 CO ■3 I 3 GO a 0 State £ OQ o Ph M m Ph O 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 16.3 3.7 L5 3.1 5.6 8.0 5.2 0.2 4.7 3.4 0.9 0.7 United States. 16.4 10.3 2.3 3.6 2.6 1.8 1. 7 7. 7 9.0 7.7 1.6 .3 2.9 Alabama. .2 .4 15.3 5.0 .4 4.2 3.7 .2 Arizona. 19.4 11.5 .6 1.4 9 .6 4 3 9 1 3.3 3.3 3.9 1.2 .3 Arkansas. .9 1.2 10.2 10.9 7.5 .3 2.0 2.5 .7 .5 California. 13.1 4.4 .8 .8 2.5 6.3 2.5 .1 3.0 6.1 3.9 1.7 Colorado. 9.6 .3 6.0 4.4 2.8 4.1 8.8 3.8 1.5 .2 1.0 Connecticut. 11.1 .4 1.1 4.3 6.8 5.2 7.7 7.0 2.9 .1 1.4 Delaware. 19.9 1.2 .1 1.1 2.6 7.2 3.5 (4) 2.6 4.4 2.0 .6 Florida. 19.6 17.5 2.8 .3 .8 1.0 1 0 5.4 3.3 11 1 3. 1 5.8 5. 1 .7 (4) .8 Georgia. Idaho. 1.1 12.8 1.6 .1 7.1 8.0 1.6 11.6 .1 1.4 3.5 3.8 9.1 1.6 .1 4.6 3.7 .8 • 2 Illinois. 14.7 .2 .3 .2 3.3 17.5 2.8 .3 6.0 5.1 1.5 .5 Indiana. 21. 2 .2 .9 .3 4.6 17.6 2.9 (4) 10.5 10.3 1.3 1.1 Iowa. 12.1 .2 .1 .4 3.8 21.6 2.1 1.8 2.8 6.3 4.2 .3 Kansas. 17.5 .1 4.0 2.1 4.3 9.4 2.2 .1 4.3 5.7 .7 .8 Kentucky. 11.4 .5 1.2 2.8 2.6 11.8 2.9 2.7 1.2 .2 Louisiana. 13.3 31.7 9.0 # 4 1.0 8 .7 5 8 3.0 6.5 3.6 3.0 ’"’.’5" .4 Maine. 2 1. 5 8.7 4.9 3 1 9.2 1.5 .4 .5 1.0 Maryland. (4) 6'. 9 4.4 3.3 8.1 (4) 3.5 1.1 .5 1.4 Massachusetts. 18.5 .4 1.1 1.3 4.2 15.9 1.5 .2 9.5 3.5 1.2 .6 Michigan. 19.5 .1 .3 2.0 1.6 5.5 12.8 (4) 2.2 2.9 .1 .2 Minnesota. 22.3 .5 .8 1.4 11.2 11.0 1.7 .8 5.7 5.8 .2 .4 Mississippi. 25.3 4.0 .5 .5 5.6 6.1 5.1 .4 2.0 3.8 1.5 .2 Missouri. 17.7 1.4 .3 .7 2.0 8.2 3.0 .5 7.7 8.4 1.4 .6 Montana. 21.0 .4 .3 .1 12.3 12.9 6.2 .2 4.9 5.9 1.5 1.2 Nebraska. 13.3 11.4 .4 1.6 1.1 11.7 .1 5.4 3.8 2.5 Nevada. ! 5 4.7 “ST .9 1.2 7.1 8.6 1.3 To" New Hampshire, 9.3 .1 4.7 3.5 2.0 1.1 7.3 "’’."s' 2.5 1.1 .9 1.5 New Jersey. 17.5 1.1 2.2 .5 1.2 8.2 2.1 .1 2.9 5.3 .7 .4 New Mexico. 19.5 10.7 25.8 # 2 .9 1.6 .5 5.8 1.2 1.1 14.2 4.8 8.5 1.2 5.2 8.1 4.6 7.3 .2 .1 .1 New York. . 9 1.2 8.0 8.2 .2 .2 North Carolina. .5 15.1 1.1 4.1 3.0 3.7 .7 North Dakota. 19.4 .4 .5 1.0 3.9 12.3 5.9 .1 4.3 4.9 1.5 1.1 Ohio. 12.3 17.4 .9 4.9 7.0 3.1 7.5 .1 1.9 1.6 1.2 .5 Oklahoma. 15.1 19.7 .1 .1 10.5 11.2 2.5 (4) 12.9 9.6 .2 .1 Oregon. 15.8 1.2 2.3 1.8 2.3 14.0 (4) 2.8 1.7 .7 1.9 Pennsylvania. 6.3 1.5 8.6 7.8 7.1 6.6 2.4 1.5 _ .7 _ Rhode Island. 17. 9 (4) 1.3 .5 2.8 1.0 8.7 4.0 .8 1.0 .4 South Carolina. 19. 1 .3 .3 7.0 18.2 1.4 "i: 2 13.7 13.5 1.6 .2 South Dakota. 7.7 w 3.9 2.7 5.3 3.0 1.7 o) 5.9 3.4 (4) (4) Tennessee. 20.8 16. 1 5.7 # 7 .8 2.8 9.2 13.9 4.8 .3 4.4 1.7 .1 (4) Texas. 10.4 1.3 4.3 3.8 .1 Utah. 10.6 12. 1 ~~5 .8 2.9 4.7 1.5 3.6 4. 2 15.1" 3.8 1.4 "".T 5.9 2.0 5.7 1.0 .4 .4 .7 .8 Vermont. Virginia. 12.8 19.4 .2 .5 3.4 9.2 1.3 .4 3.1 4.3 2.3 .7 Washington. 14.7 13.9 # 7 .3 . 2 3.6 7.3 2.9 4.3 7.2 . 3.1 5.1 .4 .4 West Virginia. !3 1.3 2.1 4.4 . 5.9 7.6 .6 .3 Wisconsin. 21.3 2.7 2.3 .7 1.6 3.3 3.0 "".’9 4.5 3.4 (4) .8 Wyoming. 6.6 . 12.0 4.5 9.2 .4 .4 .2 1.1 5.9 1.1 .2 District of Columbia. 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 5. — Percentage of pupils , by State , taking subjects taught in the last 1948-49— [See headnote on State General science Biology Botany Physiology | Zoology Earth sci¬ ence Aeronautics Physical science Chemistry 1 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 United States _ 20.8 18.4 0.1 to 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.1 7.6 25. 7 20. 7 . 1 . 1 7. 4 9.3 22.5 .3 .3 6.9 25.9 17.9 .9 .1 3 5 California. . . . . 14.9 16.2 .4 3.3 .1 .1 .5 .7 6.8 Colorado. . . . 13.3 16.1 .1 1.0 .2 .4 .3 .2 10.4 20.2 18.2 .7 .4 .6 (9 9.2 16.4 19.5 .2 .2 9. 2 Florida _ _ 18.6 22.9 .1 (9 (9 .3 8. 7 26.0 19.9 .3 7.7 18.9 20.6 .8 .1 .3 .2 9.4 Illinois . . . 24. 1 17.6 .2 1.3 .4 .4 .3 .1 6.8 Indiana _ _ 1.0 24.0 .7 1.0 .3 .3 .2 .5 6.0 24.6 18.8 1.2 .1 .1 . 1 (9 3.6 16.4 18.3 .3 3. 1 .2 .4 5. 2 21.3 17. 1 2. 4 .2 .4 4. 6 Louisiana _ 27.6 20.3 .1 .1 5.9 Maine. _ _ 17.3 18.3 .2 . 1 .2 8. 6 Maryland _ 30.2 25.3 .4 .4 9. 7 Massachusetts _ 21. 2 15. 7 1.9 .5 .5 (9 10.8 Michigan. _ 10.8 19. 1 .8 .3 .2 .4 8.7 Minnesota _ 23.9 17.7 .3 .4 (9 .2 (9 9.2 Mississippi _ 18.5 19.9 .6 .1 8.0 Missouri _ 21.9 15.3 .2 1.4 (9 .8 .5 .4 4.0 Montana _ 15.0 16.5 .2 .7 .4 8. 1 Nebraska _ 18.3 18.2 1.2 .2 # 1 5. 1 Nevada. _ 19.4 13.4 .8 8. 4 New Hampshire _ _ 13. 5 15.3 .3 .5 1.1 9. 6 New Jersey. . _ 22.1 18.0 (9 2.5 .1 .3 .2 .1 9.2 New Mexico... _ 17.4 22.9 .7 .3 .4 5.9 New York _ 29. 1 13.6 (4) .2 .1 1.6 .3 8. 1 North Carolina . . 18.1 25.6 (9 .1 (9 .1 7.3 North Dakota _ 24. 8 25.3 1.4 .5 .6 9. 1 Ohio.. . . . 21.5 18.5 .4 1. 1 .4 .2 .3 . i 7.6 Oklahoma _ 21.3 16. 5 1.0 (9 1.1 .3 .2 3.5 Oregon _ 21.7 21.9 .4 .1 .3 5.9 Pennsylvania . . 25.8 20.1 .1 .2 .1 .2 .2 (9 10.4 Rhode Island _ 22. 4 15.8 (9 .4 9.8 South Carolina _ _ 25. 2 20. 6 .6 9.9 South Dakota.. . . 23. 1 19.2 .4 .1 .8 7.8 Tennessee _ 23.3 17.8 .1 .1 .5 .4 8.2 Texas _ _ _ 17.6 15.8 .1 .9 (9 .1 .2 6.5 Utah . . 13. 1 19.5 1.2 8.4 1.3 .6 .6 6. 6 Vermont _ 20.0 17.5 .5 .1 .8 9.7 Virginia _ 26.9 19. 1 .1 .3 (9 7.0 Washington . 12.8 18.0 1.4 .5 .4 .1 .3 .1 6.7 West Virginia _ 16.8 26.4 .1 .7 .1 .1 .1 7.2 Wisconsin _ 20.0 20. 7 (9 .5 .2 (9 11. 6 Wyoming _ 14.4 19. 1 .5 .4 8. 6 District of Columbia _ 11.7 18. 2 .9 7.3 See footnotes at end of table. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 103 4 years of public secondary day schools 1 and offered in 15 or more States , 2 Continued first page of table] Physics Conserva¬ tion Related science Algebra uenerai mathe¬ matics Plane ge¬ ometry Solid ge¬ ometry Trigonom¬ etry Spanish Latin French German State 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 23 5.4 0.1 0.1 26.8 13.1 11.1 L7 2.0 8.3 7.8 4.7 0.8 United States. 5.9 .2 26.1 14.5 9.1 1.1 .9 3.1 3.3 1.7 Alabama. 4 5 21.0 14.7 10.5 2.2 1.3 24.9 4.6 .7 Arizona. 1.4 .4 35.6 9.0 14.9 .8 .8 2.0 2.8 .7 Arkansas. 4.0 .6 17.5 18.1 9.4 1.2 1.7 19.3 5.4 2.9 “”.T California. 5.6 (<) 24.7 11.9 13.4 1.9 1.8 15.2 8.1 1.9 .4 Colorado. 6.8 .1 24.1 11.2 10.6 2.7 2.7 7.8 16.1 11.8 1.5 Connecticut. 6.0 27.8 5.7 12.8 4.2 2.2 8.2 17.2 8.6 .4 Delaware 4. 2 27.9 18.0 8.0 1.5 1.7 12.8 7.7 1.2 Florida. 3 8 . 2 40. 4 20. 1 10. 1 .7 .5 4.8 4.7 4.0 Georgia. 6.0 26.8 8.9 16.5 1.8 1.5 7.6 5.7 .7 .1 Idaho. 6.3 .1 .1 24.4 11.2 12.7 2.5 2.1 10.9 8.3 2.6 1.4 Illinois. 5.6 .1 25.7 9.9 10.8 3.2 1.6 5.0 11.5 1.5 .3 Indiana. 8.4 (4) 28.3 8.4 14.6 1.6 1.6 3.0 5.5 .7 .2 Iowa. 5.3 .1 25.5 10.3 11.9 2.2 1.0 5.0 5.7 .5 .1 Kansas. 3.0 38.0 14.0 14.4 1.1 1.0 3.1 6.6 1.9 .1 Kentucky. 2. 6 47.1 6.7 18.6 1.0 .9 6.6 3.1 5.3 Louisiana. 5.9 23.8 17.8 8.3 1.6 2.1 2.2 11.7 16.8 .2 Maine. 7.1 26.9 15.1 11.2 2.3 3.8 8.9 11.8 8.0 1.5 Maryland. 7.8 (*) .1 26.9 9.4 11.1 2.5 2.9 8.1 15.8 20. 1 1.4 Massachusetts. 5.8 .2 .1 21.4 12.3 10.5 2.0 2.0 5.0 9.3 2.9 .4 Michigan. 6.6 .2 .1 23.3 8.0 9.7 1.6 1.5 2.9 3.7 .6 1.0 Minnesota. 3.2 ...... 40.0 13.7 18.4 1.2 1.0 2.4 4.7 1.3 _ Mississippi. 3.2 ...... 20.6 20.2 8.2 1.0 1.6 4.5 3.8 1.1 .3 Missouri. 5.4 30.6 8.5 13.7 2.0 2.4 6.6 7.0 .6 _ Montana. 6.4 '”.Y "”.T 25.2 12.9 13.3 .5 1.1 3.6 6.4 .9 .4 Nebraska. 4.0 30.4 12.3 16.0 2.2 2.7 23.3 5.1 3.0 .5 Nevada. 8. 2 23.8 14.3 9.4 2.9 2.6 3.1 10.3 15.5 .7 New Hampshire. 7.6 ■'(*)’ 24.5 11.1 11.4 2.5 3.3 14.3 12.3 8.3 2.6 New Jersey. 3 7 .6 28. 1 13. 5 12.7 1.6 2.2 29.8 3.5 .5 New Mexico. 5.9 .i 23.4 8.7 11.9 1.4 3.4 12.8 8.2 11.4 2.0 New York. 5.1 37.8 14.2 9.1 .4 .5 3.3 5.5 13.4 _ North Carolina. 5.2 26.0 8.9 8.8 .9 .9 1.4 3.9 .6 .1 North Dakota. 5.9 .1 .3 21.2 11.5 9.0 2.2 1.8 5.9 11.9 3.0 1.0 Ohio. 1.8 .4 .1 29.4 12.3 12.5 1.2 1.2 6.1 3.7 .4 (4) Oklahoma. 4.1 22.0 19.9 6.0 .8 1.7 4.6 4.0 1.0 .3 Oregon. 8. 5 (4) .2 26.5 16.4 10.3 3.1 4.0 7.6 13.3 6.0 1.7 Pennsylvania. 8.8 .7 30.4 12.3 10.8 2.0 1.9 8.3 16.7 17.1 2.3 Rhode Island. 3.6 39.8 15.3 11.8 1.0 2.3 3.0 6.6 8.4 _ South Carolina. 6. 5 31.6 4.7 13.4 2.6 1.7 3.4 5.0 .2 .5 South Dakota. 3. 3 . 41.7 12.8 9.3 1.3 1.4 5.7 6.3 1.3 (4) Tennessee. 3.1 36.7 14.3 13.9 1.6 1.6 11.5 2.7 .2 (4) Texas. 3.7 28. 1 11.9 8.2 .8 1.3 3.9 1.6 1.3 . 5 Utah. 6. 1 ...... 22.4 14.4 10.4 1.7 2.3 1.1 14.7 14.8 _ Vermont. 2 2 30. 2 24.4 8.3 1.2 1.0 4.1 8.3 5.4 _ Virginia. 4.9 .2 22.7 8.3 11.9 1.8 1.6 7.9 6.3 2.0 .8 Washington. 3.0 24. 6 17.1 8.2 1.3 1.3 2.6 6.1 1.9 West Virginia. 8.1 ‘”."3 ...... 21.2 9.9 11.1 1.5 1.8 3.7 6.5 1.0 1.6 Wisconsin. 5.7 . 28.6 10.1 14.3 1.9 1.5 16.0 9.1 .7 — Wyoming. 6.4 . .4 25.6 7.6 14.2 1.3 1.0 15.1 14.8 11.9 2.0 District of Columbia. 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 5. — Percentage of pupils , by State , taking subjects taught in last 4 1948-49 — • [See headnote on State Trade and in¬ dustrial educa¬ tion-vo¬ cational General business education Business arith¬ metic Book¬ keeping Type¬ writing Short¬ hand Business law Business English i 45 46 47 48 49 59 51 52 United States. .. 6.8 5.2 4.6 8.7 23.5 7.8 2.4 1.0 Alabama. _ 2.2 1.2 6.8 6.3 20.8 6.6 3.7 0.2 Arizona... . . 2.9 8.1 3.3 7.1 27.3 7.2 2.8 1.4 Arkansas . . 1.7 1.2 5.9 6.6 24.3 7.3 1.1 .7 California _ 5.0 4.0 2.5 6.5 25.3 4.9 1.1 2.4 Colorado _ 1.7 3.3 3.3 7.9 30.2 7.6 1.6 1.9 Connecticut _ 3.8 6.3 6.3 10.9 25.1 8.0 3.9 1.3 Delaware _ 12.6 5.8 6.8 8.9 16.3 9.6 1.6 3.3 Florida... . . 5.0 .8 5.3 7.0 20.0 6.8 2.2 1.2 Georgia . . . 1.3 4.9 6.6 4.9 16.9 5.9 .8 .6 Idaho... . . 1.8 4.6 2.2 9.9 26.3 7.5 .4 .3 Illinois _ 6.5 5.6 1.8 9.0 20.8 9.1 2.4 .5 Indiana _ 6.8 6.1 6.3 10.3 24.0 8.2 1.8 1.4 Iowa . . . 2.6 4.9 4.4 13.0 26.5 7.8 5.2 .7 Kansas.. . 2.9 4.0 4.3 10.4 27.6 7.7 1.8 .5 Kentucky _ 5.4 4.7 5.1 5.8 20.5 5.8 2.3 .7 Louisiana _ 1.1 1.5 2.3 4.4 14.9 3.3 .5 .4 Maine .. . . . 3.6 8.4 10.3 12.6 19.9 10.8 3.4 2.2 Maryland . . 14.2 8.2 6.8 8.2 24.4 6.3 2.1 .3 Massachusetts - 8.8 5.7 7.4 14.3 23.3 9.7 4.1 1.5 Michigan . . 8.3 7.0 6.8 10.3 24.5 8.0 2.5 1.4 Minnesota . . 5.1 11.6 .8 10.6 20.6 9.3 2.6 .1 Mississippi. . . 2.1 1.3 2.8 10.6 19.5 9.2 1.8 .8 Missouri . . 4.7 5.3 2.2 8.6 23.4 7.5 1.8 .7 Montana _ _ 3.7 3.7 2.2 10.3 25.4 9.5 1.1 .6 Nebraska. . . 2.0 4.4 4.1 9.4 29.6 8.2 2.9 1.6 Nevada... . . 7.5 3.6 3.6 7.3 26.2 8.0 1.5 1.4 New Hampshire _ 10.6 6.8 4.9 10.2 15.2 7.8 2.6 New Jersey . . 9.4 8.7 5.8 11.7 21.3 9.7 4.3 .9 New Mexico _ 3.0 2.1 .5 7.6 23.6 7.1 1.2 1.0 New York . . 20.6 6.3 5.4 8.8 20.0 9.9 3.9 .2 North Carolina _ 2.6 3.5 3.6 4.0 18.4 4.0 .5 .5 North Dakota . .9 9.5 4.8 10.7 23.4 5.6 5.8 .5 Ohio _ _ _ 4.6 6.5 6.2 9.5 23.0 9.0 3.4 2.4 Oklahoma _ 2.8 4.5 2.8 8.3 28.2 6.8 1.8 2.0 Oregon . 6.9 .8 .9 7.7 25.4 7.4 3.0 .2 Pennsylvania _ 13.4 7.0 6.2 11.3 21.3 10.4 2.7 2.1 Rhode Islad . . 4.8 7.5 6.2 14.3 27.0 9.5 3.8 .9 South Carolina _ 4.7 1.6 3.7 9.4 21.6 7.9 .9 .8 South Dakota... . 1.4 7.8 4.8 13.9 28.3 6.8 4.9 .9 Tennessee _ 4.0 2.1 1.5 4.2 19.7 5.6 .7 .1 Texas... _ _ 2.7 4.3 5.7 7.3 22.4 5.0 2.1 .4 Utah . . 2.5 3.2 1.5 4.9 32.2 6.8 2.0 .9 Vermont . 6.1 6.1 5.7 11.9 22.9 10. 1 3.7 1.6 Virginia. _ 2.7 5.4 4.9 4.6 18.0 5.8 .9 .5 Washington - 2.8 3.1 2.2 7.7 24.3 6.5 1.4 .8 West Virginia _ 4.1 3.4 6.4 6.9 23.7 7.3 1.3 1.2 Wisconsin _ 3.7 5.2 3.4 9.7 22.9 10.4 1.2 .5 Wyoming - 3.1 3.3 3.4 8.4 25.0 8.7 1.9 1.0 District of Colum¬ bia. 16.6 11.0 8.7 30.5 5.1 4.8 1 All subjects or subject-fields are included for which data regarding enrollment in the last 4 years were available. For percentage data on other subject-fields or subjects, see table 6. 2 Exception: In some instances, the advanced courses included with a basic subject (see headnote) were not offered in as many as 15 States. 3 Includes 5,092 pupils enrolled in Consumer Buying who are also included in Home Economics (column 69). * Less than 0.05 percent, or fewer than 1 pupil in 2,000. OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 105 years of public secondary day schools 1 and offered in 15 or more States ,2 Continued first page of table] Coop. Economic Con- Retail- Sales¬ manship store training Office Home Agricul¬ phy economics ing and ad¬ vertising and Coop, office practice eco¬ nomics ture State training 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 23 L7 0.7 0.5 L0 0.7 2.0 24.2 6.7 United States. 1.2 1.6 .1 (4) .5 .4 25.4 12.3 Alabama. 1.0 .9 .3 1.8 .4 1.5 26.2 4.9 Arizona. 1.5 .5 .2 .5 .6 .2 26.0 19.2 Arkansas. .4 .7 .3 1.0 .5 3.4 26.2 4.0 California. .5 .4 .1 .3 .6 .7 20.3 5.3 Colorado. 3.3 1.9 .4 2.7 .2 5.5 23.0 .7 Connecticut. 2.1 1.7 .5 1.3 2.1 2.9 36.0 4.6 Delaware. 1.2 .4 (4) .9 .4 1.1 28.9 9.7 Florida. 1.3 .3 .1 .8 .4 .5 28.4 12.4 Georgia. . 2 .2 .1 .5 24.5 8.8 Idaho. 3.1 .7 .1 1.6 .5 2.4 21.2 5.9 Illinois. .9 .6 .4 .9 .7 1.4 31.0 7.0 Indiana. 1. 8 .5 .3 .7 .9 .8 25.2 9.6 Iowa. .5 .3 .2 .5 .5 .6 30.4 7.8 Kansas. 1.6 .5 .5 1.2 .1 .5 23.0 10.7 Kentucky. .6 .1 .1 .2 .6 34.2 12.9 Louisiana. 2.4 .8 .1 .8 .2 2.2 16.7 3.6 Maine. 1. 4 1.5 .2 .4 2.7 30.9 5.7 Maryland. 5.4 1.8 .5 1.9 .7 7.0 19.3 .8 Massachusetts. 1.4 .5 1.4 .8 1.1 1.6 25.4 5.0 Michigan. 3.1 .7 .2 .2 .3 1.4 20.2 5.8 Minnesota. .8 .1 .2 .6 26.5 13.9 Mississippi. .4 .2 .3 .4 .5 1.5 19.7 8.6 Missouri. .8 .2 .1 .3 2.9 .2 20.2 8.6 Montana. .7 .5 .2 .9 .8 1.2 21.1 7.3 Nebraska. .5 (4) 18.0 3.0 Nevada. 4.4 .9 .1 1.9 1.3 1.4 18.8 2.8 New Hampshire. 5. 1 2.5 .6 3.0 .5 5.3 25.7 1.3 New Jersey. .5 .1 .2 1.2 .3 22.7 6.0 New Mexico. 1.0 .6 1.9 1.6 .7 3.6 15.4 1.5 New York. 5 .1 (4) . 5 .2 .3 .2 29.4 13.4 North Carolina. 1.7 2.9 4 . 7 .6 16. 1 9.0 North Dakota. i!o [ 5 1.9 .7 1.7 24.5 3.7 Ohio. . 5 .4 .1 .3 .6 .9 26.8 14.1 Oklahoma. .1 .5 .2 .1 1.0 .6 21.1 5.4 Oregon. 2. 8 1.3 .9 2.0 1.5 3.0 24.3 3.0 Pennsylvania. 3 1 1. 4 . 1 1.8 .3 6.2 18.6 1.4 Rhode Island. (4) 1. 0 . 7 . 2 .6 .9 .2 24.1 14. 1 South Carolina. .7 . 1 (4) .3 .1 21.8 4.2 South Dakota. 1.2 .6 (4) .2 .5 .2 32.0 14.5 Tennessee. 1.0 .2 .2 .4 .9 .4 28.6 11.8 Texas. .3 .9 .9 .8 1.0 32.1 11.4 Utah. 3. 1 .5 .2 3.6 1.3 1.2 19.2 5.8 Vermont. 1. 5 .1 .3 . 1 .5 .4 22.6 9.9 Virginia. ! 4 .1 .5 .3 1.5 .9 30.0 7.2 Washington. 1.0 2 3 .4 .2 .7 .7 .6 23.4 6.3 West Virginia. .6 .2 .9 .4 1.7 24.3 9.6 Wisconsin. 1.7 .2 .5 . 2 .8 1.2 20.1 8.4 Wyoming. .1 2.0 1.4 # 7 7.6 12.8 District of Colum¬ bia. 106 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 Table 6. — Percentage of pupils , by State, enrolled in certain subject-fields,1 1948-49 [All public secondary day schools] State Industrial arts— non- vocational Health, s£ physical ( Physical education ifety, and ;ducation Other1 2 Music Art i 2 3 4 5 6 United States _ 25.5 74.1 38.8 36.0 17.7 Alabama _ 4.7 69.6 33.6 20.3 3.0 Arizona.. _ _ _ _ _ 20.0 67.0 22.4 30.5 12.5 Arkansas _ _ _ _ _ 4.6 75.0 22.7 18.3 3.2 California _ _ _ _ _ _ 41.1 97.5 18.8 33.7 22.2 Colorado _ _ _ 28.1 61.5 48.6 42.6 21.9 Connecticut.. . . . . 37.7 81.1 29.5 39.7 26.6 Delaware _ _ _ 36.4 93.0 38.9 41.9 28.1 Florida. . . . . . . 13.3 83.9 25.4 29.3 8.7 Georgia . . . . 10.6 38.3 24.7 17.5 5.3 Idaho . . . . . . .. 16.3 51.3 35.6 45.1 8.5 Illinois . . . . . 29.1 89.3 53.8 33.5 14.2 Indiana. _ _ _ _ _ _ 27.0 58.8 45.6 37.4 14.5 Iowa _ _ _ _ 26.6 77.9 22.8 38.5 13.0 Kansas . . . ... . . . . 32.5 57.5 18.3 57.6 7.8 Kentucky . . . . . . 14.6 50.0 36.9 25.0 8.8 Louisiana . . . . 7.0 85.1 48.6 25.7 2.8 Maine _ _ _ _ 17.9 51. 1 11.8 26.6 5.1 Maryland . . . 42. 1 94.4 43.6 69.2 40.4 Massachusetts _ _ _ _ 34.0 81.6 43. 1 44.8 35.4 Michigan.. . . . 32.0 54.0 22.6 31.8 13.7 Minnesota. . . . . . . 33.1 69.9 28.0 33.0 13.7 Mississippi - - - - 3.6 29.7 19.5 18.2 1.5 Missouri. . . 14.6 80.6 18.6 48.3 9.6 Montana . . . . 19.7 56.4 22.7 34.3 9.1 Nebraska . . . . . 20.6 38.0 11.5 46.1 8.7 Nevada _ _ _ 25.0 75.0 62.0 46.5 13.7 New Hampshire.. _ _ . 27. 4 42.4 12.7 37.7 20.1 New Jersey . . . . ... 39.4 94. 1 72.9 35.3 24.6 New Mexico. _ _ _ _ 17.8 62.8 24.8 33. 1 4.3 New York _ _ _ . ... 25.4 83.5 47.4 35.8 31.3 North Carolina.. . . . . . 7.7 40. 1 38.2 20.8 3.9 North Dakota . . . . 9.7 83. 1 24.6 52.5 6.5 Ohio. _ _ _ _ _ 30.4 81. 1 28.7 44.4 14.1 Oklahoma. _ _ _ . _ 21.4 35.7 11.9 31.3 7.6 Oregon.. . . . . . . 22.9 85.2 73.3 36.2 13.0 Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ 36.7 92.5 84.2 53.9 40.4 Rhode Island. . . . . . . ... 35.4 86.6 40.0 34.1 30.9 South Carolina _ _ _ 10.4 50. 1 35.2 19.0 4.1 South Dakota . . . . . . 19.4 31.0 9.3 49.2 7.2 Tennessee . . . . . 12.5 76.7 50.3 18.2 8.2 Texas . . . . . . . 17.1 66.8 39.6 29.8 9.7 Utah _ _ _ _ 33.0 84.9 74.9 56.0 23.5 Vermont. . . . . . . . .. 10.7 61.9 10.4 37.0 11.3 Virginia _ _ . _ _ 13.8 75.9 42.1 19.9 5.1 Washington . . ... . . 35.1 67.1 37.4 33.0 17.8 West Virginia _ _ _ _ 15.9 65.3 27.2 31.4 12.5 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ 25.7 71.4 23.5 39.3 12.0 Wyoming... . . . . . 22.4 55.8 23.3 48.9 4.1 District of Columbia _ _ _ 37.6 98.8 57.6 45.8 63.3 1 Viz, subject-fields for which data on specific grade-level within secondary school were not available. 2 Includes Health, Hygiene, Safety, Driver education, and Military drill. Table 7. — Number and percentage of pupils enrolled in certain subjects in the last 4 years of public secondary day schoolsy 1889-90 to 1948-49 OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 107 M'fHOi 82 )r-QOO 5 co cm cm *0 0*0 t-h r 32 a ■0*00 '»OcCCD O O O CM t-h iO t 00 CC N Ci O N ( 0 0 0*00*0’ HiONWio'dl 1*0*0 (NC MN*cSi CO O *0 CO 'WCH > ^ oc *o CM *C • good co cm »o co *o _> o ~ - - • • o ^OOO ^ CM *0 ^ r-H Si W*OOO^HiOO*CCO ‘hOONW^IN coooooor^oco t^^t-hc sis NOO^ CM CO CO O CM OCOXOC^hN- t^co*ocM*oooo CMor^cor^*ooo CM O O O CM *0 00 * u- *o © 00 t— • r’^'N CM CO »-• *-7 rC oc oT cm t>7co~ r^aT ©V7 OOCMt^COOO ccoc *o oc CM CO CM CO CO t'- CM CONO' (O^COOiHNO > CO CO * r-4 lO* CM r-5 *0 CO CO l> 00 00 t-h 00 CM O 00 CO TfOC Is* CO i-h CM ’ CM CO *d cs t-h 05 CM*’- ICOXNOOO>ON05 iccmc: — © o co -< © >CMC0^05t^.CMO^-»C0 NO*ON' o *o CO *— • c CO t-h 00 *C Tf CM CM O CM OCOOCrHOC Nc:CNCMr-Tf x goococo CO CO CO CO CM O 05 Tr CM 00 O 05 g CM r- co ncco*o *0 CO (NtH R>CM*0 CM O ^ CO 05 *0 CM CO 00 00 rH *o *0 ’ 00 GO CO *C t-h I cm rr *o co *o *o co *C X »— 05 < oo 00 ^ I 00 CM CM *C C *0 00*0 0 *0 CO CM 00 05 T-H H CM CO T— . 00 W T— < lO *0050005 o t-h 05 co ~coco~co~ C005CM05CMt^05CM *0 CO 00 CM 05 00 00 O CO 05 *0 05 C C X co o> co CO »-H T-H T-H t-h CO CM CM *0 CO S a > t-h iO CM CO CM 00 '*0*0 l^COOO’ ) 05 05 co *o‘ o6 icdiH cmi^oO’ CO O T-H w CO T-H ^ O CM rr *0 05 co *o rf lO lO T}« c O X CO O CO *0 O Tf OC CM Tf CMhC5 CO CM 05 *0 CM oV t-h cm ^ > 05 CO 05 | cd tjj eg 05 05 NOOiN OH * C5 05* co’ CO ^ CM S h s* co cm o t-h co oo 00 05 *o O CM 00 I>- CO CO t-h *0 ; C CM C 00 *h CO r-H cm Tf< cc oo r- 00 05*0^0 > © CO :t}- oo *o 3^2 g$2 2 cr - ?> X X OG 00 c3 b£ 12 6 3 js "3 M .S2 2 o rf !3 >> ^ s»o£«>,o ■Sis Si II in 1 sx.o co?® > 5 S P O 3 >» P £2 >>o -I .§ S >>g C C. o ® w o ^3^: rP O O OfQCQfetsjKOPH cd o> co * ^ r-5 (N 00 CO O N (N (N 00 So 28 CO C4 CO S COOCOO' r>- cs ^ c CS 0* * ^ rH C7i05» a ft A cd k, jfg o £ G ft*r2 2.2 co a> $ s «S -t5 £P G & .9 G _J c3 M ^ W “-S B g1 Stats ■3 g a g S S S £ ft-S g 2 2 1- -.id CSX3 2 2 o B* U- aT tC 2 £ 8 S S 2 Sf S S3 is .a .a 2-jjjJ t £ 05 ^ 8s 03 $3 2 a © w •3 ® « •9 > > a ® S3 S3 3 f2 2 00 >h to r-H ss s 5 Hi H OCfH W laS 3.^1 . ® c a3 ® a 5 a^a § y >. o 7 o |o o|a cc *T d rH © SgJ^f GO S3 g «S S • aa^a PjO^Tlgj '■i ®0 O ® O 75 - c; <2,0 m ^5 *&■§.§ « s3 S 03 g 03 o 2 O QpQog g - •» ® - «° 8 H tjx3 -0"3 © 'CJ ,2 ,3 g73 P. +3 <£a£ . X> 3 c© s ag'© co *_ .2 w ® W. 5fea >. dr5‘-3'Q •g||l ill! go .2 ® 42 ® 60 S O . csia o >» cogs 2^3 >>% ®.2 o3 S 5 * S3 3 ® Jgo 42-g g d 1 S»S O OT5 a b b£ 0> st a g. ® s g.gZ .7 ^a§b^ ®^3 d > < fc ® C3 t- I ^asi g|£Jj 3 "3 'O S ^ m o d < •r- C3 fl ®^ > b « H | o c3 ,, h hags! a® gP« ; •S -ca < 'g® o-- b-afcgi 5 a a sf | £!■§•§! a|;^ s -ga S+5 > “•sa^ Appendix Classification of High-School Subjects The 13 broad subject fields (English, Social Studies, etc.) are printed in full capitals. In addition to the 118 specifically named courses printed on the '' 'Inven¬ tory of Offerings and Enrollments in High-School Subjects” and classified under the 13 subject fields, space was provided on the questionnaire for writing in other course titles. Each write-in was included under the subject field in which it was reported by the respondent. If the write-in designated a subject which was taken by a fairly large number of students, and if this subject could not be properly identified with a subject -title printed on the questionnaire, the write-in was counted as an additional subject -title, and included as such in the tables of this report. Such write-ins account for 156 of the subject -titles in the tables. In all, then, 274 specific subject -titles (118 printed on the questionnaire and 156 write-ins) were employed; in the list below, these subject -titles are printed in small capitals and indented. Some write-ins designated subjects which were taken by only few students; other write-ins designated subjects which seemed to differ from an established subject -title primarily in name rather than content. Such write-ins have been subsumed under the subject -title to which they seemed most nearly related and have been listed below in ordinary print, with double indention. The subject-titles in the following list are arranged in the same sequence as in table 2 (which is also the same sequence as in table 3), except that the titles of the "uncommon subjects” of table 4 have been incorporated into the list at appropriate intervals. Thus "advanced composition” (from table 4) is listed immediately after "creative writing”; "German IV” (from table 4) is listed immediately after "German III”; etc. ENGLISH Seventh-grade English Reading (grade 7) Spelling (grade 7) Eighth-grade English Reading (grade 8) Spelling (grade 8) Ninth-grade English Tenth -grade English Eleventh-grade English ENGLISH — Continued Twelfth-grade English Speech and public speaking Oral English Dramatic art Drama School plays Debate Discussion 109 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 EN GLISH — Continued Radio speaking and broadcasting Journalism Annual School Publications Creative writing Creative and contemporary litera¬ ture Advanced composition World literature Literature Classics Fiction Free Reading History of Literature American literature English literature Current literature Bible Old Testament New Testament Church history Junior seminary College preparatory English English V (Fifth year when not post¬ graduate) Grammar Review of grammar Rhetoric Remedial English Developmental or remedial general English Corrective English Language skills Practical English Problems in oral and written ex¬ pression General language English review Scholarship review Remedial reading Remedial speech Speech clinic Penmanship Foreign adjustment English English to foreigners All other English Library training Word study SOCIAL STUDIES U. S. HISTORY (grade 7, 8, OR 9) World history (grade 7 or 8) State history (grade 7 or 8) Ancient and/or medieval history (grade 7 or 8) Latin-American history (grade 7 or 8) Lands to the south Southern lands Modern European history (grade 7 or 8) Industrial history and geography (grade 7 or 8) World geography (grade 7 or 8) American geography (grade 7 or 8) Community civics (grade 7, 8, or 9) Social studies, local course Citizenship Democratic living in ninth grade Human relations (grade 7 or 8) Social studies (grade 7 or 8) Social science (grade 7, 8, or 9) Occupations Vocational occupations Vocations Careers Orientation General training English-social studies (unless 2 peri¬ ods when it belongs in core pro¬ gram) English experience course Home living (grade 7, 8, or 9) Everyday living (grade 7, 8, or 9) Problems in living (grade 7, 8, or 9) Social living (grade 7, 8, or 9) U. S. HISTORY, ADVANCED American history Latin-American history (grades 9-12) Lands to the south Southern lands South American history Pan-American history Western hemisphere World history (grades 9-12) Old world history and geography State and world background Economic world history Academic world history OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 111 SOCIAL STUDIES — Continued World history (grades 9-12) — Con. General history State history (grades 9-12) New England life Pacific history [in western States] Pacific rim [in western States] English history (grades 9-12) History of the orient (grades 9-12) Ancient and/or medieval history (grades 9-12) Early European history Modern European history (grades 9-12) Continental affairs Medieval and modern history Negro history (grades 9-12) Industrial history and geography (grades 9-12) World geography (grades 9-12) World geography and economic citi¬ zenship Man in his environment Transport ation Map reading Foreign trade Economic world (grade 9) Air age American geography (grades 9-12) American government or advanced civics U. S. Government Parliamentary law Constitution Problems of democracy American problems Problems of American democracy World problems World governments American institutions American life Current history Current events Race relations International relations World citizenship Economics Economic problems Commercial problems Sociology Sociology problems Social problems Senior social science SOCIAL STUDIES — Continued Psychology Psychology and mental hygiene Human relations Guidance and personal problems Practical psychology Ethics Social adjustment Consumer education All other social studies Comparative religion SCIENCE Seventh-grade general science Eighth-grade general science Ninth-grade general science Nature study Biology Essential biology Natural science Botany Physiology Zoology Earth science Geology Astronomy Agronomy Physical geography Physiography Meteorology Mineralogy Agricultural science Mining (when reported in science) Aeronautics Preflight Science of aeronautics Fundamentals of aviation Aviation physics Aviation mathematics Advanced general science Generalized science Consumer science Senior science Science survey Applied science Basic science Practical science Modern science Industrial science Girls’ science Descriptive science Popular science 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 SCIEN CE — Continued Physicial science Chemistry Applied chemistry Descriptive chemistry Advanced chemistry College chemistry Qualitative analysis Quantitative chemistry Physics Applied physics Advanced physics College physics Fundamentals of electricity Fundamentals of machines Power plants Radio including electronics Radio physics Advanced biology Bacteriology Applied biology including social BIOLOGY Prenatal education (when not in home economics) Genetics Eugenics Laboratory techniques Metallurgy Metallurgical chemistry Conservation Related science Related chemistry Related biology Home science Home mechanics Household chemistry Horticulture Forestry Greenhouse practice Other science MATHEMATICS Seventh-grade arithmetic Eighth-grade arithmetic Elementary algebra (1st year) Intermediate algebra (2nd year) General mathematics Mathematics essentials Basic mathematics Mathematics 9 A and 9B Developmental mathematics High-school mathematics M ATHE M ATIC S — Continued General Mathematics — Continued Everyday mathematics Arithmetic Practical mathematics Plane geometry Solid geometry Trigonometry Advanced or college algebra Advanced general mathematics Mathematics 10A and 10B College board mathematics Senior mathematics Gamma mathematics Mathematics review Review of academic mathematics Algebra review Geometry review Arithmetic review Socialized high -school arithmetic Remedial mathematics Analytics Analytical geometry Calculus Other mathematics Navigation Slide rule Surveying Civil engineering General or applied geometry Mathematics unspecified FOREIGN LANGUAGES Spanish (grade 7 or 8) Introductory or elementary Spanish Spanish i Spanish ii Spanish iii Spanish iv Conversational Spanish Latin (grade 7 or 8) Introductory or elementary Latin Latin i Latin ii Latin m Latin iv French (grade 7 or 8) Introductory or elementary French French i French ii French hi French iv Conversational French OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 113 FOREIGN LANGUAGES— Continued German (grade 7 or 8) Introductory or elementary German German i German ii German hi German iv Conversational German Italian Introductory or elementary Italian (grade 7 or 8) Italian I Italian II Italian III Italian IV Hebrew Introductory or elementary Hebrew (grade 7 or 8) Hebrew I Hebrew II Hebrew III Hebrew IV Greek i Greek ii Greek iii Greek iv Polish Polish I Polish II Polish III Polish IV Portuguese Portuguese I Portuguese II Swedish Swedish I Swedish II Swedish III Swedish IV Norse Norse I Norse II Bohemian Bohemian I Bohemian II Russian Russian I General foreign language Introduction to language Comparative language Exploratory language Orientation Language background INDUSTRIAL ARTS— NONVOCA- TIONAL General shop Laboratory of industries Exploratory shops Rotating shops W OOD WORKING General woodwork Woodshop Furniture making Elements of carpentry Woodturning Cabinet making Woodcarving Pattern making Model building Mechanical drawing Drawing and planning General drawing Elements of drawing Drafting Architectural drawing Machine drawing Sheet metal drawing Aircraft drawing Stage design Blueprint reading Metal work General metal work Art metal Jewelry making Sheet metal work Welding F orging Foundry Machine shop Metal shop Printing Printing and graphic arts Graphic arts Bookbinding Silk screen printing Electrical work General electricity Essentials of electricity Elements of electricity Applied electricity Radio theory and practice Radio code Handcrafts Arts and crafts Crafts Leathercraft 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 INDUSTRIAL ARTS— NONVOCA- TIONAL — Continued Handcrafts — Continued T axidermy Fly tying Automobile mechanics Automotives Automobile shop Driver education Home mechanics Household mechanics General mechanics Farm mechanics or farm shop (when not in agriculture) Upholstery Plumbing Shoe repair Pressing Photography Motion picture production Art photography Ceramics Pottery Clay modeling Industrial arts l Shop I Manual arts I Manual training I Mechanic arts I Industrial arts ii Industrial arts iii Industrial arts iv Industrial arts, year unspecified Plastics Industrial arts aviation Junior aviation Model aviation or model airplane construction Aviation engines Aircraft maintenance and repair Aircraft sheet metal Aircraft radio and communications Aircraft drawing and blue print reading Textiles Weaving Transportation laboratory Industrial arts mathematics Other industrial arts education Housing Communica tions Gardening (grade 7 or 8) Millinery Beauty culture Boat building TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCA¬ TION-VOCATIONAL Vocational related subjects Trade theory Trade relations Vocational related English Vocational related social studies Vocational related problems Shop mathematics Vocational mathematics Applied mathematics — shop Practical mathematics (in a voca¬ tional high school when general mathematics reported) Trade mathematics Laboratory mathematics (unless in a science high school) Industrial mathematics Trade science Vocational chemistry, shop Physics, vocational science Metallurgy, applied Mechanics, strength of materials Industrial chemistry Diversified occupations Manufacturer’s technician Cooperative industrial training Mortician, cooperative training General industrial shop Building trades General vocational industrial Industrial management Plastering Machine shop Tool and die making Diesel and power maintenance Automobile mechanics Mechanical drafting Cam design Architectural drawing Blue print reading Machine drafting Sheet metal drafting Carpentry Cabinet making Joinery Wood shop Mill work Radio Electrical work Printing Sheet metal OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 115 TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCA¬ TION— VOCATIONAL— Con. Aviation Aircraft engines Aviation motors Aircraft repair Aircraft instruments Aircraft sheet metal Aircraft hydraulics Aircraft trades Miscellaneous aircraft Welding Cosmetology Beauty culture Foundry and forging Shoe repair Painting and decorating Painting Paper hanging Tailoring Fashion tailoring Photography Pattern making Masonry General masonry Brick and stone masonry Refrigeration and air conditioning Plumbing Textiles Weaving Chef’s trade and baking Power sewing machine operating Barbering Upholstery Plastics Watch and jewelry repair Jewelry making Optical mechanics Sign painting Surveying Commercial fisheries Millinery Other trade and industrial educa¬ tion Leather craft Lapidary work Laundry Bookbinding Boat building Cleaning and pressing Coal mining Dental mechanics Modeling BUSINESS EDUCATION General business General business training Commercial exploratory Elementary business training Junior business Junior business training Fundamentals of business Business practice Junior business practice Introduction to business Business arithmetic Consumer mathematics Economic mathematics Secretarial mathematics Secretarial accounting Bookkeeping i (1st year) General record keeping Bookkeeping ii (2d year) Bookkeeping, 3d semester Accountancy Accounting Bookkeeping m (3d year) Bookkeeping rv (4th year) Typing i (1st year) Personal use typing General typing Typing ii (2d year) Varitype Typing m (3d year) Typing iv (4th year) Shorthand i (1st year) Shorthand A Shorthand ii (2d year) Shorthand, 3d semester Stenography, 3d semester Transcription Shorthand m (3d year) Shorthand iv (4th year) Business law Commercial law Business English Economic geography Commercial geography Consumer economics Business administration Business organization Advanced business information Business principles Business methods Investments Banking 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 BUSINESS EDUCATION— Con. Consumer economics — Continued Office management Business science, commerce, and in¬ dustry commerce Personal business Retailing Merchandising Marketing Textiles and nontextiles Window trimming Salesmanship Advertising Cooperative office training Cooperative store training Vocational selling Cooperative on-the-job training Distributive education Office practice Secretarial training Secretarial practice Office training Clerical training Clerical practice Office and social practice Calculation Machine calculation Machine practice Duplicating Business skills Penmanship and spelling Filing Model office Other business education Student placement HOME ECONOMICS Junior homemaking (grade 7 or 8) Junior homemaking for boys (grade 7 or 8) Homemaking, general [when no year is specified] General home arts Vocational home arts Vocational home economics Girls’ home economics Boys’ home economics Survey course Home arts Personal regimen HOME ECONOMICS— Continued Homemaking, general — Continued General home economics Prevocational homemaking Foods, 1st year Foods, 2d year Cafeteria management Foods, 3d year Advanced foods (when 1st and 2d years reported) Clothing, 1st year Sewing 1 and 2 Clothing, 2d year Sewing 3 and 4 Clothing, 3d year Advanced clothing (when 1st and 2d years reported) Homemaking i Home economics I Homemaking ii Home economics II Homemaking iii Home economics III Homemaking iv Home economics IV Home management Home and home care Girl and her home Family economics Health and home nursing Home hygiene Nursing Cooperative prenursing Family relationships Family and problems Personality and etiquette Marriage and family living Child development Child care Child management Consumer Buying The house House planning Interior decora Ling Home furnishing Home decora Lions Related art Arts and crafts Home crafts Design Personal art Home decorations OFFERINGS AND ENROLLMENTS IN HIGH-SCHOOL SUBJECTS 117 AGRICULTURE Agriculture (grade 7 OR 8) Agriculture i Agriculture ii Agriculture iii Agriculture iv HEALTH, SAFETY, AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical education Recreational leadership Games Swimming Dancing Tumbling Health Narcotics Hygiene Safety Safely and personality First-aid Traffic control Driver education Military drill MUSIC Chorus Choir Junior choir Band Field music Drum corps Glee club Vocal ensemble Music appreciation History of music General or public school music Music Rudiments of music Music orientation Orchestra Triple trio String ensemble Harmony Creative music Instrumental music Piano Woodwind String Bass MU SIC — Continued Theory and practice Theory and voice Voice ART Art i Fine art I Representation I Design I Art ii Fine art II Representation II Design II Still life Art iii Fine art III Representation III Design III Special art Life drawing Figure drawing Art iv Fine art IV Representation IV Advanced representation Costume design Design IV Freehand drawing Art appreciation General art General and creative art General art shop Home art Basic and general art Related art Social forms Crafts (when reported under arl) Applied art Commercial art School service art Poster club School service art class Murals Stagecraft Art craft for school paper Graphic art Cartoon Visual aids 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1948-50 OTHER INSTRUCTION OR COURSES Group guidance Group conference Exploratory junior guidance Student service News circulation Student leadership Student government Special interests Audio-visual education Instruction to special groups Lip reading OTHER INSTRUCTION OR COURSES — Continued Instructions to special groups — Con. Sight -saving classes Special groups including mentally retarded Auditorium Teacher training Professional teacher training Teacher -training review Teacher orientation Correspondence courses 1 1 The data under this subject-title report the number of pupils taking correspondence courses, by State* and by type of public secondary day school. Enrollments reported for individual courses taught by corre¬ spondence are included under the appropriate subject-titles in the tables. U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1951 — NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSN. LIBRARY DEo 1 3 i960