FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education Earl James McGrath, Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1946-48 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1951 OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department, July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL. D. March lk, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL. D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L. H. D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL. D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL. D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 PHILANDER PRIESTLEY CLAXTON, Litt. D., LL. D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M. A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL. D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL. D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL. D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 193k John W. Studebaker, LL. D. October 28, 193k, to July 15, 19k8 H Earl James McGrath, Ph. D., Litt. D., LL. D. March 18. 19 k9 CONTENTS Chapter 1. Statistical Summary of Education, 1947-48. 2. Statistics of State School Systems, 1947-48. 3. Statistics of City School Systems, 1947-48. 4. Statistics of Higher Education, 1947-48. 5. Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Chil¬ dren, 1947-48. 6. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1947-48. 7. Statistics of Nonpublic Secondary Schools, 1947-48. 8. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1947-48. in 978343—52 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States— {1946-48 (fohafvte/*' / Statistical Summary of Education 49A-7-M FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Office of Education US. 04-ftc* ^tvcv-hor* * *\ Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1946-48 Prepared by David T. Blose, Specialist in Educational Statisticsy under the direction of EMERY M. FOSTER, Head , Reports and Analysis Branch , Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner Northwestern UnWsity The Joseph 3chaffner Littery UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents CONTENTS 22 £ ■o cr- O ct -4 \y\ o C>0 Text Page Foreword . VI Number of administrative units . 1 Consolidation and transportation . 2 Enrollments . 2 Elementary schools . 2 High schools . 3 Part-time, evening, and summer schools . 3 Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools . 3 Graduates . 3 High school . 3 College . 4 Selected data from statistics of State School Systems . 4 Higher Education . 5 Enrollments . 5 Staff . 6 Finance . 7 Junior colleges . 7 Teachers . 7 Secondary schools . 8 Schools for Negroes . 8 School retention rates . 9 Sources of income for education . 9 Expenditures for public and private education . 10 Expenditures per pupil in State and city school systems . 10 Federal expenditures for education . 11 Cost of physical property and value of funds . 11 Federally aided vocational education . 11 Institutions of higher education in outlying parts . 12 STATISTICS OF LIBRARIES IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1946-47 . 12 Average annual salaries of public-school teachers . 13 Veterans’ training program . 13 School lunch program . 13 Compulsory school attendance . 13 Teachers’ retirement . 14 International educational relations . 14 Tables 1. Number and type of educational units in the United States which are periodically covered by the Office of Education . 2. Number of schools of specified types, by State, 1947-48 . 15 16 8GI9G IV Page 3. Decrease in number of 1 -teacher public schools in continental United States, 1929-30 to 1947-48 . 17 4. Number of ultimate or basic administrative units, number of 1-teacher schools, and transportation data, by State, 1947-48 18 5. Number of pupils transported and expenditures for transporta¬ tion, for continental United States, 1929-30 to 1947-48. ... 20 6. Enrollment in full-time publicly controlled and privately con¬ trolled day schools, by level of instruction and control, 1947-48 2 1 7. Enrollment in full-time publicly and privately controlled day schools, by level of instruction and type of control, 1899-1900 to 1947-48 . 22 8. Percent of civilian population in publicly or privately controlled day schools or colleges, by age, sex, and urban or rural resi¬ dence, October 1947 . 23 9. Total public and nonpublic elementary school enrollment, and population, 5-13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1947-48 . 23 10. Enrollment, by grade, in public elementary and secondary day schools, 1936-37 to 1947-48 . 24 11. Total public and nonpublic secondary school enrollment, and population, 14-17 years of age, 1889-90 to 1947-48 . 25 12. High-school and college graduates from publicly and privately controlled schools, 1927-28 to 1947-48 . 26 13. Number of persons graduated from public and nonpublic high schools, per 100 persons 17 years of age, 1869-70 to 1947-48 27 14. Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 . 28 15. Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 . 30 16. Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1869-70 to 1947-48 . 32 17. Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1939-40, 1945-46, and 1947-48 . 34 18. College enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889-90 to 1947-48 . 36 19. Number of persons graduated from college, per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1947-48 . 36 20. Enrollment in summer-session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1947-48 37 21. Number of junior colleges and enrollment in junior colleges, 1919-20 to 1947-48 . 37 22. Number of teachers in schools and colleges, by type of school, and by sex, 1929-30 to 1947-48 . 38 23. Growth of reorganized public high schools in relation to regular public high schools, for specified years . 39 24. Number of instructional staff, enrollments, and number of high- school graduates in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Colum¬ bia, 1947-48 . 40 V Page 25. Comparative data on attendance and average expenditures for white and Negro schools in 17 Southern Slates and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 . 41 26. Number of staff, enrollment, and graduates in institutions for the higher education of Negroes, by State, and by sex, 1947-48. . . 42 27. Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade of public and nonpublic schools in the years indicated . 42 28. Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade of public and nonpublic schools in the years indicated, by grade or year . 43 29. Number continuing through high school per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in public and nonpublic schools in the year indicated, by high-school year . 43 30. Source of income for publicly and privately controlled education, 1947-48 . 44 31. Biennial increases in income for education, by source, 1936-38 to 1946-48 . 44 32. Percentage distribution of receipts from taxation and appropria¬ tion for the public elementary and secondary school system, by government source, 1931-32 to 1947-48 . 45 33. Expenditures, including capital outlay, for publicly and pri¬ vately controlled education, 1947-48 . 45 34. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 237 city school systems, 1947-48 . 45 35. Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1947-48 . 46 36. Cost of physical property and value of funds for public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools and for institutions of higher education . 47 37. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes operated under State plans, 1947-48 . 48 38. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money for federally aided vocational classes operated under State plans, 1930-31 to 1947-48 . 48 39. Institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States, 1947-48 . 48 40. Distribution of average salary of teachers in 48 States (excluding the District of Columbia), for specified years . 49 41. Number of veterans in training and expenditures for training and for vocational rehabilitation in specified years . 50 42. Statement of retirement funds for staff of public elementary and secondary schools, as of July 1, 1948 . 50 FOREWORD HTHIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education brings together, in summary form, both the historical and the most recent data from statistical studies by the Office of Education. The chapter continues the series of periodic reports prepared by the Office of Education since 1871 to show the “condition and progress of education/’ as required by the organic law establishing the Office. Basic data are presented on the number of school administrative units; the number of schools and col¬ leges; the number of staff members; enrollments and the number of graduates; school-retention rates; educational income, classi¬ fied by source; educational expenditures, classified by major function; the estimated value of school and college property; and several other related subjects. In scope, the Summary ranges from kindergarten through the university, including in most categories both publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions. All in all, the Summary covers about 200,000 organized edu¬ cational units, including elementary and secondary schools, residential schools for exceptional children, libraries, and insti¬ tutions of higher education. The Summary, however, cannot lay claim to completeness, since no data are collected for an unknown number of private vocational and trade schools; for private schools of art, music, dancing, and dramatics; for private Bible schools not granting theological degrees; for the Armed Forces Institute and private correspondence schools; and for a large amount of unorganized individual and adult education. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief, Research and Statistical Service Ralph C. M. Flynt, Director, Division of Special Educational Services VI Statistical Summary of Education 1947-48 HPHE purpose of this chapter of the Biennial Survey of Education is to provide a conspectus of education in the United States, based prin¬ cipally on information presented more fully in the various statistical publications of the Office of Education for the biennium ending June 30, 1948. Certain statistics of the Bureau of the Census are also included, in order to add clarity to the statistics collected by the Office of Education. This summary gives data on the number of schools, enrollment of students, number of graduates, number of instructional personnel, amount and source of financial support, amount and purpose of expenditures, retention of pupils at the various levels of our system, and much historical informa¬ tion useful for purposes of comparison. Number of Administrative Units Table 1 gives the number and classification of approximately 65,000 agencies and institutions to which questionnaires are periodically sent by the Office of Education. Some of the agencies supply information on I many educational units which come under their legal or administrative i authority. The reports from the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and I the outlying parts of the United States represent the combining of approximately 95,000 (table 4) public-school basic administrative units. During the biennium 1946-48 the Office of Education collected informa¬ tion from 14,951 school systems or institutions. Part of the periodic information covering in all some 200,000 schools, libraries, and institutions | of higher education has been collected biennially, but information on school and on college libraries, planned on a 4-year basis, had not been collected for 6 and 7 years, respectively. Data are obtained either by I mailed questionnaires or by personal solicitation. Formerly field work as begun about the first of October of the even-numbered years and was J completed in March, but for the 1947-48 data, personal solicitation was 1 begun in April 1949 and extended through July. The number of schools of a specified type is shown, by State, in table 2. j The greatest variation from past years is the decrease in the number of elementary schools, mostly due to the decreasing number of 1-teacher schools (table 3) and to consolidation of other small organizational units. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Consolidation and Transportation Consolidation of schools has progressed rapidly since 1929-30, when there were 149,000 1-teacher (tables 3 and 4) and many other small schools. The number of 1-teacher schools had decreased to 75,000 in 1947-48; this is a decrease of about 50 percent. During 1917-18, 71 percent of all schools were of the 1-teacher type, while 30 years later in 1947-48, only 44 percent were 1-teacher schools.1 Transportation increased from nearly 2,000,000 pupils transported in 1929-30 to nearly 6,000,000 in 1947-48 (tables 4 and 5), and during the i same period annual expenditures (less the cost of busses) increased from $55,000,000 to $176,000,000 (table 5). The per pupil cost for the con¬ tinental United States was $30 per year for 1947-48. Since World War II, planning for consolidation of schools has progressed rapidly. The present 24.4 percent of public-school pupils transported may be expected to in crease in the future. Enrollments Total enrollment in public and private full-time day schools from kindergarten through college increased from 28,450,000 in 1945-46 to 30,156,000 (table 6) in 1947-48, an increase of 1,706,000, or 6 percent. The increase has been nearly 3,000,000 since the low point in 1943-44. The increases during the 4-year period since 1943-44 were: elementary, 1,000,000; secondary, 300,000; and higher education, 1,700,000 (table 7). j These increases have been brought about in elementary schools by in¬ creased birth rates, in secondary schools by the tendency of a greater j percent of the population to continue in school, and in colleges by the ' number of ex-service men and women finishing their education. According , to the Bureau of the Census, 98.5 percent of those aged 7-13 years were in school, as of October 1947 (table 8) . This does not include those who were in institutional residence or who were receiving their schooling by home instruction. Elementary Schools Enrollments in both elementary public and nonpublic day schools reached their highest point in 1929-30, when 23,718,000 pupils were enrolled (table 7). Elementary enrollments gradually decreased until 1943-44, when there were 19,892,000, a decrease of 3,826,000, or 16.1 percent. The enrollment in 1947^=8 was 20,829,000. This represents an increase of about 1,000,000 both in enrollment and in school population (table 9) . This increase shows the beginning of the effect of higher birth rates, and judging by the birth rates during the 1940’s we may expect 1 The One-Teacher School — Its Midcentury Status. Office of Education Circular No. 318. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 elementary enrollments to be nearly 29,500,000 by 1958. Table 10 shows the change in each grade between 1936-37 and 1947-48. High Schools Enrollments in public and nonpublic high schools (grades 9 to 12 and postgraduates) in the continental United States doubled about every 10 years from 1889-90 to 1929-30 (table 11), when the total was 4,800,000. Between 1929-30 and 1939-40 there was an increase of 2,300,000, or 48 percent. This 10-year increase nearly equaled the entire high-school enrollment in 1919-20. During World War II enrollments decreased 1,100,000, but 300,000 of this number had been regained by 1947-48. When the increasing birth rates of the early 1940’s will be effective, we may expect an increase of 300,000 more by 1953-54; and by 1954-55 we may expect to pass the 1939^0 enrollment and increase at a greatly accelerated rate until 1965, when enrollments will be about 11,000,000 above grade 8. The ratio of high-school population to the enrollment in high school (table 11) increased from 7 percent in 1889-90 to 74 percent in 1947-18. Part-time, Evening, and Summer Schools There were about 2,000,000 pupils in public part-time and evening schools and 126,000 in public summer schools in 1947-48, not included in any of the preceding figures for elementary and high schools. Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools During the past 20 years (1927-28 to 1947-48) the enrollments in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools have tended to increase more rapidly than public schools. Public elementary school enrollments de¬ creased 14 percent, while nonpublic elementary school enrollments in¬ creased 9.7 percent. Enrollments in public high schools for this period increased 44.5 percent, while those in nonpublic high schools increased 76.6 percent. Historical changes in both public and nonpublic schools are shown in table 7. Graduates High School The number of graduates from public and nonpublic high schools is the best measure of the holding power of these institutions. Aside from the large number of veterans entering colleges since the war, from past experience we can assume that about one-third of all high-school graduates i will enter college the fall following their graduation. The combined num- 1 ber of public and nonpublic high-school graduates reached its highest i point in 1941-42, when 1,242,000 pupils were graduated (table 13). The number graduating had decreased until only 1,019,000 were graduated 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 during the year 1943-44. This number increased to 1,190,000 in 1947-48. We can appreciate the rapid increase in the number of high schools when we compare 16,000 graduates in 1869-70, 105,000 in 1903, 528,000 in 1925, and 1,015,000 in 1936 with 1941-42 and 1947-48. The ratio of the number of high-school graduates to the number of persons 17 years of age was 2 percent in 1869-70. This had increased to 6.4 percent by 1899-1900 and to 54 percent in 1947-48. College The increase in the number of college graduates with a baccalaureate degree, like the increase in the number of high-school graduates, leads to the conclusion that education above the elementary level is a modern activity. For 12 years after 1869-70 (the first year for which the Office collected data) the number of baccalaureate degrees averaged 10,000 per year. By 1899-1900 the number of graduates had increased to 25,000 per year, and by 1926-27 there were 104,000 bachelor’s degrees granted. During 1947-48, 271,000 received their bachelor’s degree. It is believed that the number receiving bachelor’s degrees in 1949-50 will be 434,000. As the number of ex-service men in colleges decreases we may expect a marked decrease in the number of graduates. There were 42,400 wdio received their master’s degrees in 1947-48 (table 12). This compares with 2,918 in 1917-18 and 12,387 in 1927-28. There were 4,188 doctor’s degrees in course granted in 1947-48 compared with 562 degrees in 1917-18 and 1,447 in 1927-28. Honorary or unearned degrees are not included in this paragraph. Selected Data From Statistics of State School Systems Because of the wide demand for certain items of public elementary and secondary school statistics for each State by persons who do not need the complete detail given in Statistics of State School Systems, four tables of such data (4, 14, 15, and 16) are included in this summary. Most of the items in these tables have been selected because they indicate the differ¬ ences among the States. While the average length of term for the Nation in 1947-48 was 177.6 days, Illinois showed a term length of 186.6 days, as compared with 165.1 days for Kansas and 152.4 days for Mississippi — a difference of 4 and 7 weeks, respectively, in the length of the school term (table 14). The differences in percentage of the total school enrollment that is enrolled in high school vary greatly. The average for the Nation was 23.6 percent, but 11 States had less than 20 percent of the total school population enrolled in high school. The 3 States with the lowest percentages were: South Carolina, 13.4; Mississippi, 14.5; and Louisiana, 15.0. Seven States had over 27 percent in high school. The 3 highest percentages STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 5 p were, respectively: New York, 29.7; Nebraska, 28.5; and Pennsylvania, 28.4. Thus the 3 highest States show a percentage enrollment in high school that is twice as great as in the 3 lowest States. The number of pupils enrolled per teacher for the Nation in 1947-48 i was 27.8. Of the 15 States having 30 and more pupils enrolled per teacher, f Mississippi had 33.7, North Carolina had 33.6, and New Mexico 32.3. ^ Of the 7 States having less than 23 pupils enrolled per teacher, North Dakota had 17.6; Nebraska, 19.0; and South Dakota, 17.0. Two items with wide variations are (a) teachers’ salaries and (5) p expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance (table 15). These items show about the same trends. The average salary of instructional staff members (supervisors, principals, and teachers) in 1947-48 was $2,639 for the Nation. Average salaries range from below $2,000 in 11 States to above $3,000 in 12 States. The 5 States paying the lowest average salaries were: Mississippi, $1,256; Arkansas, $1,545; North Dakota, $1,665; South Carolina, $1,742; and Georgia, $1,724. The 5 States having the highest average salaries were: Connecticut, $3,249; Maryland, $3,321 ; Washington, $3,325; New York, $3,476; and California, $3,690. A comparison of data for public elementary and secondary education in the continental United States for the 78 years from 1869-70 (when such information was first collected) to 1947-48 shows the following changes (table 16): 1. Number of classroom teachers: from 200,515 to 860,678. 2. Value of school property: from $130,383,008 to $9,212,745,668. A change from $19 to $385 per pupil enrolled. 3. Enrollment in high school: from 1.2 to 23.6 percent of total en¬ rollment. 4. Average number of days attended public school by each child 5-17 years of age in the population : from 44.7 days to 123.1 days. 5. Percentage of State support: from 18.4 percent in 1899-1900 to 38.2 in 1947-48 (48 years). 6. Average annual salaries of teachers: from $189 to $2,639. 7. Average annual total expenditure per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance: from $15.55 to $202.81. Higher Education Enrollments Great changes in total enrollment and the composition of the student body took place during World War II and are continuing to do so. During the war military students composed a large segment of the enrollment; since the war, a large number of ex-service personnel have made up much of the enrollment. The percentages of ex-service personnel 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 in the entire fall enrollments were: 1946, 52 percent; 1947, 48 percent; and 1948, 42 percent. Since the war, enrollments have increased above the prewar high of 1,494,000 during 1939^0 (table 17). In 1947-48 the enrollment of men resident students in the regular session was 1,836,000; women, 780,000; total, 2,616,000 students (table 17). This is the highest enrollment in the history of higher education. Other types of enrollment in 1947-48 in addition to regular session resident college students were: Resident noncollegiate (elementary and secondary) (estimated) _ 72,543 Nonresident collegiate and noncollegiate _ 759,909 Short courses _ 130,497 Individual instruction _ 41,383 Summer session _ 955,429 The sum of the students enrolled in each of the foregoing groups would not represent the exact total number of different students in college since many of the students take more than one short course. The same student may be both a resident and nonresident student during the year. Many summer students register for the regular term. The ratio of college enrollments to the number of persons of college age, 18-21, amounted to 15 per 100 in 1939-40 (table 18). Because the 134 million veterans are almost all over 21 years of age, these have been excluded in calculating the ratio of the number enrolled per 100, aged 18 to 21, in the years following the war. The 15 enrolled (excluding veterans) per 100 within the age group during 1947-48 is equal to the highest in pre-war times. The number graduating with a baccalaureate degree per 100 of the average graduating age reached 7.9 in 1939-40. This number had decreased during the w~ar, but in 1947-48, including an unknown number of ex-service persons, was 11.3 per 100 of the usual graduating age (table 19). The enrollments in institutions of higher education in 1947-48 of nearly one million in the summer session of 1 1947 and three-fourths of a million in extension and correspondence on the collegiate and noncollegiate level were much higher than at any other time in the history of these institutions (table 20). In ordinary times the expectation has been that about one-third of the high-school graduates will go to college the following fall. The immediate prospects are that by 1954 there will be more than 134 million secondary graduates, and about 134 million by 1958. Staff The full-time equivalent of the number of personnel, including all professional, administrative, and regular session instructional staff, in¬ creased from 131,552 in 1939-40 to 196,300 in 1947-48 (table 17). Although there were considerable fluctuations in enrollment, the staff showed an orderly increase. The number of regular session students STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 per staff member as shown above (table 17) was 11.4 in 1939-40 and 13.3 in 1947—48. Finance Receipts of colleges and universities may be classified as follows: 1. Funds especially designated for additions to physical plant. 2. Funds to be used for educational and general purposes. 3. Funds for auxiliary enterprises. Funds designated for additions to physical plant amounted to $66,000,000 in 1939-40, decreased to $23,000,000 in 1943-44, but again increased to $365,000,000 in 1947-48. Receipts for educational and general purposes increased from $571 million in 1939-40 to $1,538 million in 1947-48. The part of these receipts that came from Federal, State, and local governments increased from $214 million in 1939-40 to $926 million in 1947-48. Much of this increase represents Federal payments for tuition and fees of ex-service personnel attending college. Auxiliary enterprises and activities consist largely of the care and support of dormitories, dining halls, and other activities for the comfort and well¬ being of students. Increases in these items are partly due to the higher costs of services. Junior Colleges Enrollment of the junior college has shown a phenomenal growth since 1919-20, as shown in table 21. Public junior colleges, which numbered but 10 institutions with an enrollment of 2,940 pupils in 1919-20, have grown to 242 institutions with an enrollment of 178,000 in 1947-48. Nearly half of this enrollment is in California, where the junior college is sometimes attached to a secondary school as part of the publicly supported educational system from kindergarten through grade 14. In addition to regular college studies, many California institutions offer terminal courses preparing students for their life’s work. While the enrollment of publicly controlled junior colleges increased 60 times in 28 years, that of the privately controlled junior college increased only 12 times during the same period. In 1919-20 there were 42 private junior colleges with an enrollment of 5,162, which increased to 230 junior colleges with an enrollment of 62,000 in 1947-48. The special advantage of the public junior college is that it brings 2 years of college education close to the home of the student. Teachers The total number of teachers in all schools, exclusive of supervisors and principals and administrative officers, in the public-school systems decreased from 1,104,000 in 1939-40 to 1,053,000 in 1943-44, but increased 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 to 1,164,000 in 1947-48 (including about 70,000 with emergency certifi¬ cation only). Since the war, more men have entered the profession (table 22). Increasing birth rates and the resulting increase of enroll¬ ments will necessitate many additional teachers. At present the supply of teachers has not caught up with the demands of the elementary schools. By 1957-58 there will be 10 million more pupils for whom teachers will be needed, in addition to new teachers needed to take the places vacated by the normal turn-over of those leaving the profession. Secondary Schools Statistics of individual secondary schools are collected less often than those for State and city school systems and institutions of higher educa¬ tion. A study of public secondary schools was made in 1937-38 and again in 1945-46. The changes in the plan of organization of public secondary education between 1917-18 and 1945-46 are shown in table 23. Because of changes in the definitions of the various types of reorganized schools in the 1918, 1922, and 1926 studies, valid comparisons can only be made of data since 1926. The number of regular high schools was 14,184 in 1925-26 and 13,625 in 1945-46. During the same period the total number of reorganized high schools changed from 3,526 to 10,322 in 1945-46. Other changes in number of schools in the 20-year period were: junior high schools, from 1,108 to 2,647; junior-senior high schools, from 1,350 to 3,032; undivided high schools, from 653 to 3,326 in 1945-46; and senior high schools, from 415 to 1,317. A study of nonpublic secondary schools was made in 1940-41 and in 1947-48. There were 602,484 pupils enrolled in these schools in 1947-48 (table 6). Schools for Negroes Segregation of white and Negro pupils in public and nonpublic schools and institutions of higher education is practiced in 17 States and the District of Columbia (tables 24, 25, and 26). This practice necessitates separate grounds, buildings, equipment, and instructional personnel. Numerous noteworthy differences are found between schools for whites and Negroes (table 25); a few of these are listed below (data for the 17 States practicing segregation and the District of Columbia, as of 1947-48) : White Negro Item schools schools Average length of school term _ 176.2 171 .6 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled _ 153.4 143.1 Average pupil-teacher load _ 29 34 Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (9 States) _ _ _ $136.73 $74.67 Average salary per member of instructional staff (14 States). . $2,271 $1 ,742 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 9 There were 79,000 students in the 103 institutions of higher education for Negroes. These institutions granted 8,500 baccalaureate and 433 master’s degrees in 1947-48. No doctorates, in course, have been given by Negro institutions of higher education, but doctorates have been earned by Negroes attending nonsegregated institutions. It is, however, interesting to remember that the first doctorate in the United States given to a white person was in 1866, and the first to a Negro was in 1876. In addition to the higher education institutions for Negroes in the 17 States and the District of Columbia, there are 2 institutions for Negroes in Pennsylvania, 2 in Ohio, and 1 in Kansas. School Retention Rates The large number of ex-service students that entered college several years after graduation from high school, with varying amounts of advance credit, makes it impossible to calculate a retention rate extending to college graduation, until the relationship between college and high-school enrollments is normal again. For this reason, no college figure is given in table 27 for 1947 or 1948. In the biennium 1946-48 there seemed to be a great increase in the holding power of the high school through graduation: thus, there were 481 graduates in 1948 from 1,000 who entered the fifth grade, as compared with only 419 graduates in 1946 of 1,000 who entered the fifth grade (tables 28 and 29). This increase, how¬ ever, may be due to ex-service students who were given delayed high- school diplomas in 1948, but who were not included in the fifth grade in 1940-41. No data are available on the number of such diplomas given to veterans. What has happened to the retention rates for the normal group of students will not be apparent until after the special educational programs for veterans is terminated. Sources of Income for Education The total income (table 30) for all organized education during 1947- 48 was $6,493,000,000, an increase of $2,028,000,000 or 45.4 percent over 1945-46. The percentage from each source was: Governmental appropriations and taxations, Federal, State, and local, 82.3; student fees, 4.7; private subsidies, gifts and grants, 1.4; and other sources, 11.6. The extent to which education is both public and free is shown by these figures. The percent of public participation in education continued to increase from 74.2 percent in 1945-46 to 82.3 percent in 1947-48. The expenditures by the students for textbooks, supplies, and other incidental expenses to take advantage of education are not included in these total income data, as they do not pass through the accounts of the institutions. Many States pay for most of these items in public elementary and secondary schools. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 The income for education in 1947-48 was $3,154,000,000 (94.5 percent) more than the income 10 years before in 1937-38. About 82 percent of this increase was from public funds. The increase from each major source for each biennium in the decade is given in table 31. The division of the increase for the last decade, 1937-38 to 1947-48, was as follows: Source Amount Percent Public funds _ $2,573,000,000 81.6 Student fees _ 126, 000 , 000 4 . 0 Gifts _ 34,000,000 1.1 Other sources _ 421, 000 , 000 13.3 Total _ .3,154,000,000 100.0 The States’ share of funds from tax sources for the elementary and secondary public-school system continued to increase (table 32). In 1931-32, the State supplied only 19.5 percent of the funds, while in 1947-48 the State supplied 41.1 percent of a much larger amount. The percentage of State funds tends to increase each biennium, while the proportion from county and local sources decreases. The continued increases in the percentage of school support coming from the State tend toward equalization at the State level of education in the districts least able to support education. Public funds to private institutions of higher education are expended to finance land-grant college activities at certain private institutions, and to finance contracts for specific performance; public funds to nonpublic elementary and secondary schools are for the expense of State wards at private institutions for exceptional children. Expenditures for Public and Private Education The expenditure for education in continental United States in 1947-48 amounted to $6,574,379,000, of which $5,237,568,000, or 79.7 percent, was for publicly controlled education, and $1,336,811,000, or 20.3 percent for privately controlled education (table 33). Expenditures for all forms of education have increased. Using 1939-40 as a base, the increases have been, respectively: 1941-42, 0.1 percent; 1943-44, 10.1 percent; 1945-46, 30.3 percent; and 1947-48, 105.5 percent. In the immediate future, we may expect increases not only for current expenditures but also for buildings and equipment; the latter type of expenditure was, of course, largely curtailed during the war. Increases in expenditures will be greatest in elementary education first, then followed by increases in secondary education. Expenditures Per Pupil in State and City School Systems There is a great variation among the States in current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance (table 15). The State range in 1947-48 was from $71 for the lowest State to $257 for the highest State. City STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 school systems (table 34) show even greater variations. Here the range was from $77 to $345 for current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance. The range in cities of 100,000 population and more (group I) was from $98 to $293 (table 34). In cities of 30,000 to99,999 population (group II) the range was from $110 to $345. In cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population (group III) the range was from $100 to $275. In cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population (group IV) the range was from $77 to $297. The weighted mean increased between 1945-46 and 1947-48 by 35 percent in the largest population group, 45 percent in the second group, and about 50 percent in the third and fourth groups. Federal Expenditures for Education Federal aid for education and allied activities assumes so many forms that it is often difficult to identify the amounts applicable to education (table 35). The amounts of Federal aid have varied in different years. For a certain group of projects the following amounts were recorded for recent years: 1939-40, $178,000,000; 1941-42, $316,000,000; 1943-44, $200,000,000; 1945-46, $175,000,000; and 1947-48, $194,000,000. Much more than the amount shown is being expended. Transfer of surplus war material and construction of new facilities for higher education represent a large sum. “It is estimated that for the fiscal year 1948 funds amounting to considerably more than $2,000,000,000 were made available for education, or closely related purposes by the Federal Govern¬ ment for distribution to the States and Territories, or to individual schools within them.”1 Cost of Physical Property and Value of Funds The value of public property is often difficult to obtain because of the lack of uniform practice in making valuations. For the purpose of report¬ ing to the Office of Education the actual cost of sites, buildings, equipment, alterations, and additions is requested. This is done on the theory that cost, which is a definite obtainable figure, represents the actual investment of public money in the property. These investments in the physical property and funds for public elementary and secondary schools only and for both public and private higher educational institutions are given in table 36. Federally Aided Vocational Education Reports to the Office of Education from the States and outlying parts for 1947-48 indicate the rapid growth of vocational education. Enroll¬ ment in all types of federally aided vocational classes was 3,523,000 in 1947M8 (table 37), as compared with 2,228,000 in 1945-46, an increase of 1,295,000, or 58 percent, in only 2 years. Organizations of youth in vocational agriculture, such as the Future Farmers of America and the 1 Leaflet No. 79, Funds for Education, 1946-47 and 1947-48. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 New Farmers of America, have not only given a great impetus to food production, but also taught boys and young men an understanding of their place in the community as producers and as active citizens of their community and the Nation. Similar organizations exist for girls in vocational home economics. The total educational expenditure for vocational programs, from all funds, was $103,676,000 (table 38), one- fourth of which was furnished by the Federal Government. In view of the greatly increased enrollment, this amount is small. Much of this work is for terminal-course instruction preparing young people to take their places in agriculture and industry. Institutions of Higher Education in Outlying Parts Institutions of higher education in the outlying parts of the United States (table 39) are making continued progress in education and becom¬ ing an integrated part in the Nation. Although the staffs of these institutions increased only 17.4 percent between 1939-40 and 1947-48, the number of regular session students increased from 7,973 to 12,724, or 60 percent, during the same period. Enrollments in summer schools increased 116 percent and in correspondence and extension, 179 percent. ! The number of baccalaureate degrees increased from 892 to 1,224, 37 per- j cent. The apparent discrepancy between enrollment increase and number of graduates is due to the number of veterans enrolled who have not yet had time to graduate. Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education 9 1946-47 Basic library statistics of institutions of higher education in the conti¬ nental United States and its outlying parts for the year 1946-47 show several changes since the previous survey made in 1939-40 as follows: 1939-40 Total number of institutions of higher education. _ 1 ,699 Number of institutions submitting report _ 1,321 Total number of volumes added during year _ 3,194, 578 Total number of volumes at end of year _ 71,666,801 Number of volumes added per student _ 2.6 Number of volumes at end of year per student _ 59.8 Total number of volumes circulated for home use__ 26,441,007 Number of volumes circulated for home use per student _ 21.7 Total number of reserved books circulated _ 36,591 ,088 Number of reserved books circulated per student. _ 30.0 Total operating expenditures (excluding capital outlay) _ $17,976,231 Operating expenditures per student _ $15.31 Total number of library employees (excluding student assistants) _ 1 2 6,760 1946-47 1,700 1,345 3,602,198 94,300,665 1.9 48.3 27,197,348 15.0 30,968,772 18.7 $34,621,588 $18.07 2 10,617 1 Total number of full-time employees, plus full-time equivalent of part-time workers. 2 Includes 2,106 part-time employees not reduced to full-time equivalent. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 13 There were more than 400,000 library volumes added in 1946-47 than in 1939-40. The number of volumes in all libraries totaled 94,300,000, an increase of 22,634,000, or 21.6 percent, during the 7-year period. While the college enrollments increased 31.2 percent during this period the number of books withdrawn decreased 7.7 percent. Expenditures nearly doubled between the two dates. Average Annual Salaries of Public- School Teachers Previous to 1910-11 the Office of Education requested information on monthly rather than yearly salaries of public-school teachers. Data collected in 1910-11, the first year for which annual salaries were com¬ puted for States, show that the lowest-salary State paid less than $200 per year and the highest-salary State between $800 and $899 (table 40). In 1947-48 the lowest-salary State paid between $1,200 and $1,299 and the highest-salary between $3,600 and $3,699. Veterans 9 Training Program The veterans’ training program began in 1943-44 with 922 persons in vocational rehabilitation (Public Law 16). This increased to 237,382 receiving vocational rehabilitation, and 2,213,382 receiving education and training (Public Law 346) in 1947-48. Expenditures during 1943-44 were $664,000 and increased to $2,834,975,000 in 1947-48 for both programs (table 41). This program has probably reached its highest point and will decrease rapidly. School Lunch Program Congres has passed legislation providing assistance in a school lunch program to both public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. During the year 1947-48, the Federal appropriation for this purpose amounted to $54,000,000, of which, according to the Department of Agriculture, $52,255,749 went to public schools and $1,744,251 to private schools. Equal amounts are furnished in money or work by State and local authorities or other approved organizations. The Federal Govern¬ ment, in addition to the money appropriated, supplies surplus farm commodities through the Commodity Credit Corporation. Compulsory School Attendance All States have had some form of compulsory attendance since 1917— 18. Since that time many changes have been made. The ages for 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 compulsory attendance are summarized for 1947-48 as follows: Compulsory Number of ages States 6-16 _ 1 6- 17 _ 1 6-18 _ 1 7- 16 _ 33 7-17 _ 1 7- 18 _ 2 8- 16 _ 7 8-17 _ 1 8-18 _ 1 Names of States Michigan. New Mexico. Ohio. Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massa¬ chusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. North Dakota. Nevada and Oklahoma. .Arizona, California, Colorado, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, and Washington. Pennsylvania. Utah. Teachers 5 Retirement All States provide some form of pension or retirement for the profes¬ sional staff, and in many cases for all school employees. Many States and cities provide for all employees, both school and nonschool (table 42) . International Educational Relations In 1947-48 about 21,000 foreign students from all parts of the world were enrolled in American institutions of higher education, an increase of 4,000 over the figure for the preceding year. This necessitated the evaluation by the Office of Education of 3,138 foreign academic trans¬ cripts, an increase of 900 over the previous year, and approximately 1,200 over the number evaluated in 1945-46. For the school year 1947-48, 126 teachers from the United States exchanged with a similar number from Great Britain. The British teachers were placed in 31 different States; 85 were placed in elementary schools and 41 in secondary schools. A program of exchange teachers with Canada was begun with an exchange of 4 teachers in 1947-48, and plans were made for beginning exchanges with France in 1948-49. A program of international pupil correspondence was administered by the Office of Education involving the distribution to American schools, colleges, and adult groups, of nearly 100,000 letters received from Germany and Austria, an increase of 70,000 over 1946-47. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 Table 1. — Number and type of educational units in the United States which are periodically covered by the Office of Education Type Number Grand Total _ 1 65,858 Total requested to report, 1946-48 _ 14,951 States, the District of Columbia, and outlying parts of the United States. _ 56 City school systems _ 3,204 Institutions of higher education _ 1, 788 School libraries 2 _ 8,203 College libraries _ 1,700 Total not requested to report in 1946-48 _ 50,907 Public secondary schools _ 25,484 Public libraries _ 7,500 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 444 County or other large school systems administering school units in cities 3__ 249 Private and special libraries _ 1 ,500 Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools _ 13,363 Schools of nursing _ _ 1 ,067 Private commercial schools _ 1,300 1 Not all studies are on a biennial basis and for the following types of schools, the number of which is not known, no general or periodic coverage is attempted: Private vocational and trade schools; private schools of art, music, dancing, dramatics (non-degree-granting), including individual instruction; private Bible schools not granting theological degrees; private correspondence schools; the Armed Forces Insti¬ tute; and a large amount of unorganized individual and adult education. 1 City and county school systems. Only one report is requested from each. These reports cover 1 ibrary service of more than 100,000 schools. * Including 335 cities not maintaining separate school systems. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Number of schools of specified types , by State , 1947-48 States by Region Public schools (excluding kindergartens) Nonpublic schools (excluding kindergartens) Colleges, universities, and professional schools Residential schools for exceptional children, 1945-46 Schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary Publicly con¬ trolled Privately con¬ trolled Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S. - 146,760 25,484 10,071 3,292 630 1,158 307 137 1,067 New England _ _ 6,030 990 888 431 36 109 28 16 111 1,645 1538 214 83 60 5 10 4 11 New Hampshire - 182 65 39 3 5 2 12 Vermont _ — — 912 85 29 25 4 9 2 1 8 Massachusetts - .. 1,858 422 414 202 17 58 11 11 58 Rhode Island - 2 322 3 62 101 29 2 7 4 1 6 Connecticut - 755 125 196 76 5 20 5 3 17 Middle Atlantic . -- 14,744 2,631 2,336 707 51 216 28 60 249 New York . . 6,168 3 1,030 1,051 335 26 97 11 31 95 New Jersey - - 1,547 268 382 126 10 25 9 6 42 Pennsylvania - - 7,029 1,333 903 246 15 94 8 23 112 East North Central - 25,219 4,321 2,697 641 104 229 38 17 212 Ohio _ - 3,123 1,233 586 153 9 58 11 1 58 Indiana - - 2,271 867 298 39 6 33 7 1 25 Illinois - - 8,811 735 843 189 17 84 5 5 84 Michigan - 4,793 750 431 169 36 26 9 6 23 Wisconsin - 6,221 736 539 91 36 28 6 4 22 West North Central - 35,425 4,200 1,651 415 104 141 46 8 120 Minnesota - 5,622 646 333 73 16 28 11 3 21 Iowa . . — - 7,061 923 332 137 21 31 6 2 23 Missouri - - 6,910 736 435 89 18 35 11 3 23 North Dakota .. 3,300 3,403 5,052 410 54 52 18 11 2 4 10 South Dakota _ 317 18 7 9 4 7 Nebraska - - 537 216 47 10 13 5 10 Kansas - - 4,077 631 229 33 21 23 5 26 South Atlantic - — 21,085 4,260 546 303 82 194 61 13 168 Delaware _ 190 47 26 11 2 2 4 7 Maryland . 879 228 161 61 11 20 6 9 21 District of Columbia __ 129 35 52 23 3 21 5 2 6 Virginia -- 3,499 556 62 59 12 33 10 1 31 West Virginia - _ _ - 4,146 380 50 15 10 9 9 23 North Carolina 3,741 962 61 31 13 39 9 39 South Carolina _ 3,399 3,506 486 27 19 25 6 16 Georgia - - 793 43 29 19 33 7 1 12 Florida .. — - 1,596 773 64 55 5 12 5 13 East South Central - 18,316 2,457 406 222 44 101 24 3 58 Kentucky... _ ... ._ 5,469 566 196 96 9 31 5 1 12 Tennessee - 4,850 547 70 41 7 39 7 1 12 Alabama.. _ _ . 3,569 664 90 46 9 17 8 1 16 Mississippi _ _ 4,428 680 50 39 19 14 4 19 West South Central _ 13,980 4,131 724 239 87 77 30 6 60 Arkansas . _ 3,027 2,316 691 54 224 21 12 12 4 8 Louisiana - - 524 88 6 12 7 2 13 Oklahoma — 2,668 821 79 38 28 9 8 2 11 Texas _ ----- 5,969 2,095 367 92 41 44 11 2 28 1 Reduction in number from previous years due to change in definition of term “school." 2 Data for 1943-44. 3 Data for 1945-46. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 Table 2. — Number of schools of specified types , by State , 1947-48 — Continued States by Region Public schools (excluding kindergartens) Nonpublic schools (excluding kindergartens) Colleges, universities, and professional schools Residential schools for exceptional children, 1945-46 Schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary Elemen¬ tary Secon¬ dary Publicly con¬ trolled Privately con¬ trolled Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mountain _ _ 6,051 1,197 250 98 47 18 31 1 32 Montana _ 1,389 176 43 18 8 3 5 4 Idaho 789 170 26 6 3 4 8 Wyoming _ 568 89 1 2 3 Colorado. . . 1,668 348 89 30 12 6 6 1 7 New Mexico _ 675 143 46 19 7 1 5 1 Arizona _ . _ 401 90 29 16 5 1 3 5 Utah 362 144 9 6 6 4 4 7 Nevada _ 199 37 1 1 1 1 Pacific. . . . . 5,910 1,297 573 236 71 73 21 13 57 Washington 1,199 367 101 49 14 12 8 16 Oregon . — .. 1,220 229 73 24 6 14 5 1 California ... - 2 3,491 701 399 163 51 47 8 12 34 U. S. Service Academies _ 4 ... _ _ 1 Reduction in number from previous years due to change in definition of term “school”. 2 Data for 1943-44. 3 Data for 1945-46. Table 3. — Decrease in number of 1 -teacher public schools in Continental United States , 1929-30 to 1947-48 Year 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 Number of 1 -teacher schools Percent decrease since 1929-30 149,282 . 143,390 -3.9 . 139,166 -6.8 _ 131,101 -12.2 . 121,178 -18.8 . 113,600 -23.9 . 107,692 -27.9 . 96,302 -35.5 _ 86,563 -42.0 _ 75,096 -49.7 Table 4. — Number of ultimate or basic administrative units , number of 1 -teacher schools, and transportation data, by State, 1947-48 Transportation Percent of pupils enrolled W transported M at public 0 expense § UAL © SL rR\ 00 'EY OF E eoco-^coooco O 00 O CO O *— i COWNhhN IDE © iO CATR rH 00 h}< lO CO CO CO CO CO CO T* lO CO CO CO 38.72 48.07 32.91 33.26 39.07 OOTtlffiimO © © 00 © © lO CD ^ ^ (M CO CO CD 47.67 t- l> CO ID CD 21.27 cc c cc Expenditure of public funds for transportation, excluding capital outlay (thousands) 00 $176,265 7,929 t-rOt^nh©© O©rH©l>C0 ©O0©©COO0 rH (N rH 068 ‘tS 11,280 3,593 9,518 35,310 9,200 9,001 6,317 7,241 3,550 22,267 rH (N CO CO © © © CO rH rH © rH O © (N©rT©t>©© b- ©~tH h©co 28,578 00 rH © tr CO rtf O rH CO (MtrOCO© © rH © 05 H*( O Hf © © O5©CO rHrH(M©OOrtH © O CO .co NXCI^INCIN- £@§32333 § 05 N30N^3 «§>£ N^N PiliiSS ilsssR 3 1113 (N ^(NONCIO -.0 , COCO'O'T , 1 SlSs§li§ Ofl! CO 05 < s§si2!lS 8 SSSSSS SiiS Isis co o co S t — -r 50 C5 co 05 -tr §S1 s-'sssssss — HiOiOONT 1111 %m i •-H HH N >CO> 05 05' IBS688 a-gsggss !2§S gsgi SSSSS s 1S; s - 1 ’SI O 05 1C LO CO GO r & ° §§§ CO >-1 05 ■ CM lO > — cm Ci CM CM iO 83Si§3*8 00 CO —I OHrt rtf-lQ 3 •o' o I * ■fe-i ISIS •ft o fill I : i • ; « I i pi 5 * |j!|l I <8 4111 5 .15 M n $f- .= B PII12J 5 |83| « *§3S 2 II &SS-S3S a w ji* J Q>^ZccOfe >, s- -a ob c 105 05 q .22 .22 .22 .22 -22 8 fa STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 Table 8. — Percent of civilian population in publicly or privately controlled day schools or colleges, by age, sex, and urban or rural residence, October 1947 1 United States total Age in years Urban Rural- Rural nonfarm farm Total Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total _ ... 42.3 45.6 39.2 39.5 42.8 49.4 5 1 _ __ _ 53.4 53.1 53.8 56.1 44.4 56.3 6i _ 96.2 95.9 96.6 96.7 96.9 94.5 7- 9 _ 98.4 98.5 98.4 99.5 99.2 95.9 10-13 _ 98.6 98.7 98.5 99.3 99.3 96.7 14-15 _ 91.6 90.5 92.8 95.6 91.1 84.9 16-17 _ 67.6 67.6 67.5 72.6 64.1 60.2 18-19 _ 24.3 31.4 18.5 28.3 20.2 18.0 20-24 _ 10.2 17.0 3.9 12.0 8.0 6.1 25-29 _ 3.0 5.8 0.4 3.4 2.9 1.6 30-34 _ 1.0 1.7 0.3 1.3 .5 .3 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 19, with adjustments made in 5- and 6-year-olds. Table 9. — Total public and nonpublic elementary school enrollment, and population 5-13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1947-48 Enrollment, grades K to 8, inclusive Population, 5-13 years of age Year Number 1 Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 i 2 3 4 5 1889-90 14,195,143 16,261,846 18,528,535 20,963,722 13,188,548 1899-1900 14.6 15,385,793 16.7 1909-10 _ _ 30.5 17,019,650 29.0 1919-20 _ 47.7 19,992,947 51.6 1929-30 23,717,796 21,106,655 20,418,231 19,891,631 67.1 22,230,101 20,024,827 68.6 1939-40 . 48.7 51.8 1941-42. . _ 43.8 2 19,635,847 48.9 1943-44 _ 40.1 2 19,649,727 49.0 1945-46 20,051,408 20,828,958 41.3 2 20,040,873 52.0 1947-48 _ 46.7 2 21,603,029 63.8 1 Figures revised to include pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. * Population estimated on basis of births, life tables, and U. S. Census data. Table 10 — Enrollment by grade in public elementary and secondary day schools , 1936-37 to 1947-48 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 00 1 o> CO 23,944,532 18,291,227 5,653,305 988,680 2,951,300 2,363,477 2,258,858 2,183,171 2,055,115 1,939,500 1,897,740 1,653,386 1,672,920 1,502,743 1,271,645 3 1,130,805 75,192 100.0 i-j eo q q t-h q i- ; os a> © co eo • co oi oi oi oJ oo oo to rf cd id ■'4* 2 1946-47 23,659,158 17,821,481 5,837,677 872,835 2,896,451 2,319,772 2,204,573 2,119,377 2,012,212 1,907,319 1,850,394 1,638,548 1,761,020 1,583,245 3 1,308,592 1,119,968 64,852 0 001 L. CM 00 CO O O h 00 Oi lO t*. lO CO CO CM 05 05 05 00 00 CO cd *o Tj< 1945-46 3 23,299,941 17,677,744 5,622,197 772,957 2,894,588 2,318,502 2,190,617 2,094,352 2,006,120 1,910,028 1,836,897 1,653,683 1,728,499 3 1,555,302 1,255,907 1,032,420 50,069 100.0 co © ■«; © q « o> «-j ** t* ^ rn_ cs eo' of © oi oi od oo tf cd id ^ iO T 1 05 o 23,225,784 17,665,594 5,560,190 733,974 2,881,849 2,265,796 2,173,078 2,083,552 2,007,988 1,950,624 1,897,743 1,670,990 3 1,742,873 1,529,857 1,236,883 1,015,959 34,618 100.0 05 Tjj tjj o q 05 05 q q eo <-j co‘ of ci oi oi oo oo od tf rf cd id rji 1943-44 03 23,266,616 17,713,096 5,553,520 697,468 2,878,843 2,220,739 2,162,878 2,079,788 2,016,635 1,997,806 1,964,997 3 1,693,942 1,774,593 1,519,638 1,230,168 1,009,611 19,510 100.0 O rfuo co 05 r- co 10 eo q q eo eo «-j co' of ci oi od ad od od K cd id 2 1942-43 00 io CM 18,033,080 6,122,066 664,915 2,919,242 2,228,945 2,179,843 2,148,889 2,101,723 2,071,396 3 2,022,880 1,695,247 1,897,750 1,653,586 1,374,470 1,170,319 25,941 100.0 oq ■-< 05 q q r-. q q o q oo t>. oq •-< of of oi of od od od od t> t-i cd >d ^ 1941-42 l> 24,562,473 18,174,668 6,387,805 625,783 2,930,762 2,215,100 2,175,245 2,196,732 2,166,018 3 2,124,494 2,060,752 1,679,782 1,927,040 1,705,746 1,450,788 1,273,141 31,090 0 001 o q o oi o) oo n Tf oq o) a o) oq h of i-i os od od od od od cd rf cd id id 2 1940-41 50 25,296,138 18,582,225 6,713,913 613,213 2,991,738 2.285.614 2,263,315 2,270,749 32,211,285 2,155,538 2,099,791 1,690,982 2,034,316 1.792.615 1,517,344 1,322,641 46,997 0 001 Tt;oqq®qoqu5MNHHqN« of i-h oi od of od od od co' od t-f cd id 1939-40 IO CM Tf IA CO co T* 1A CM 18,832,098 6,601,444 594,647 3,018,463 2,333,076 2,331,559 3 2,321,867 2,247,692 2,176,133 2,107,667 1,700,994 2,011,341 1,767,312 1,485,603 1,281,735 55,453 100.0 moiNoqHoqqcoNOiqaqqN of r-H oi of 05* od od od id i 1938-39 Tt< 25,704,325 19,290,136 6,414,189 600,841 3,167,803 2,409,813 3 2,387,970 2,362,242 2,295,060 2,214,428 2,140,420 1,711,559 1,995,360 1,718,297 1,432,500 1,216,121 51,911 100.0 coeo^reoo^05qqi>oot>.qi>q oi oi oi oi oi od od od cd K cd id ir 1937-38 CO 25,975,108 19,748,174 6,226,934 607,034 3,317,144 3 2,486,550 2,444,381 2,402,617 2,342,428 2,252,722 2,173,173 1,722,125 1,979,379 1,669,281 1,379,398 1,150,506 48,370 100.0 co oo © ■'T eo o r- co q oq ^ 05 of of os os oi oi od od cd K co’ id CO 1 CD CO a 05 26,171,103 20,070,368 6,100,735 606,893 3 3,423,735 2,522,070 2,484,558 2,450,679 2,387,710 2,286,096 2,177,580 1,731,047 1,974,726 1,644,571 1,314,404 1,107.487 59,547 100.0 co^i>io-*r'-ir'.eocococoq05 0i ofedo5050505ododcdt>cdid'cr' Item - Continental United States Elementary schools _ High schools - — Number in each grade: Kindergarten First _ _ Second Third _ Fourth Fifth _ Sixth Seventh _ Eighth First year high school Second year high school Third year high school Fourth year high school Postgraduate Percent in each grade: Total Kindergarten First _ Second Third _ Fourth. _ Fifth _ Sixth Seventh -_ Eighth First year high school- . _ Second year high school - Third year high school _ Fourth year high school Postgraduate _ _ _ - Estimated. Total elementary and total high-school enrollment taken from a special study. Distribution by grade estimated. The class entering the first grade in 1936-37. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 Table 11. — Total public and nonpublic secondary school enrollment , and population , 14-17 years of age , 1889-90 to 1947-48 Year Enrollment, grades 9-12, and postgraduate Population, 14-17 years of age Number enrolled per 100 population, 14-17 years of age Number 1 Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-1890 _ 359,949 5,354, 653 7 1899-1900 _ 699,403 94.3 6,152,231 14.9 11 1909-1910 _ 1,115,398 209.9 7,220,298 34.8 15 1919-1920 _ 2,500,176 594.6 7,735,841 44.5 32 1929-1930 _ 4,804,255 1,234.7 9,341,221 74.5 51 1939-1940 _ 7,123,009 1,878.9 9,720,419 81.5 73 1941-1942 _ 6,933,265 1,826.2 2 9,547,713 78.3 73 1943-1944 _ 6,030,617 1,575.4 29,280,273 73.3 65 1945-1946 _ 6,237,133 1,632.8 2 8,903,074 66.3 70 1947-1948 _ 6,305,168 1,651.7 2 8,567,971 60.0 74 1 Figures revised to include pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. * Population estimated on basis of births, life tables, and U. S. Census data. Table 12. — High school and college graduates from publicly and privately controlled schools, 1927-28 to 1947-48 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Noioooimuj —i co © © © hf --h OSN>ONOO)N 00 © >-h CO 04 04 CO hF 04 O 00 tF O >— i 04 CO CO 00 CO CO tF hF h* hF tF -F hF hF -F CO -F 00 © CO CO rH I-H 1-H 04 04 04* 04" 04 04 04 04 04 04 04 CO 04 i-h 1— t t-H 04 CO Fh©04C0hF04© OOhNhO'J Fn i-h © CO © F^ 00 ■F F^ © © -F CO ONL0C0H 05 05 05OOC0C0N00 -F 00 04 -F CO F- 00 00 F- 00 © i-h 04 CO tF 05 CO >-( 05 O i-h IH rH 04' 04" 04" 04 04 04 04 04 04 CO CO CO CO 04* 04* 04* hH CO -F* O CO CD 04 l>- l> l> CO © © --H © © F> CD CO O CO t— t 05 t> 00 05 CO 00 CO CO CD ©©CO-F©OOrH 00 © --H 04 04 04 -F CD 00 O hC4h © t> F- IO 04 04 04 CO -F O F> F- l> CD © kO CO CO CO CO C0C0t>0005©O ©05l>00 05- N004hOCOCD 04 00 CO 04 i-H © .-1 04 00 kO 04 00 kO ©CO04©hF00hF --I © kO © © O -F ©©-F-F©©C0 © © —1 00 -F © © F^-F rH ©00© © --H © 4> © -F i-H 00 1> 00 00 © 04 1-H 1-H ,-h hH 04 CO -F © 10 -F ©©!>©©> 00 F> CO 00 CO F^ O CO 00 -F © co © co © CO © 00 -H CO 00 04 00 04 © 00 © -— * O © O © 04 00 CO © 04 CO © © rH F> CO 00 1-1 tF 04 © CO O ^COrl-OrHO ©0-FC0 04 00-F 04 CO -F F- © 00 00 ©J g 0 S o3 .2 ■r c a CQ Jh 0) £' o 05 -o a C3 m 04 F^- © © 04 --H h ©r-H00©©-F© © .-h 00 F- F~ © -F 1-H 04 00 © 00 hH © t-h CO © © © F-- © © CO 04 04 © © O !>O©©O©C0 © © © I-H © ■F © © F~ © -F © © 00 © "F i-l CO tF © © © 00 t> rH © ©©©04 04 CO CO 04 © -F 00 -F © © © 04 © Fh © 04 © ©©i-h©F>00 00 ©04©O-FO© OOOOt-F^©©© 00 r-H 00 04 © 00 -F 1-H ©-F ©WF © © 00 00 tF © © tF 1-HCDhFOO©00 CO 1-H 04 CO 04 © -F ©©©■F 04004 © © -F © Fh © 05 © 04 © © -F O © F © b- 04 l> O —< co©ooOi-hcoo © H © i-H CO CO 1-H 00 © 04 CO CO © Ih PHHH1HHC4 04 O 1-H 00 © 04 r-H CO F © 04 © © © © 00©©FO4©© h©©OCONN ©04 CO©©©© CO l> 00 © CO 1> 04 00 F 04 00 b- O © ©00©040©F © H 04 © i-H o © © 00 © © 04 00 04 CO F © © © © 00 CO CO CO F F F F © © 04 © © 04 F ©04 © © --H © © © © © © © CO ©©©©COi-hF— © CO © --H 1-H CO 04 ©©©©©©© ©Fh © 05 © i-H © •-H In. |> 00 04 t> © CO 04 CO F b- 00 00 ©COON-^CIh ©00©COF^©CO 04 04 CO CO CO F F O0©CO©FO0O0 CO 1-H l> 04 04 ^H iH t" © 00 r-H F F— Fh 4>©i-H©©©C0 hONOCJO© F- 1 — 1 © CO © © 00 00 © F F H 00 F- © 00 © 04 © F> 4> F F © © © © © © F— CO 1 — 1 © 00 04 F^ 04 04 CO©©© © © F F F © © © 00 Tf* 00 i-H 04 CO © b- © F © 04 © © F-- © © © © 00 © © 04 © F- © © ©F i-h F— F- F— 04 OCONONh^© ©FCOFCOO© I>00C0 04C0©O C0 04 04©00© CO r-H © CO CO © TH © CO © F 04 b- 1-H © © © F- 00 00 © ©©NOOhh © i-H © 04 b- 04 CO © O © i-H i-h 04 04 04 04 © © O © © F © rH F 00 00 00 04 h O © O --H H b- go © O h 04 CO 04 04 04 CO CO CO CO ©©©©©©© F © © F- 00 © O co co co co co co F ©©©©©©© r-H 04 CO F © © F— F F F F F F F ©©©©©©© 1 Does not include the M. D. and similar first professional degrees. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OP EDUCATION 27 Table 13. — Number of persons graduated from public and nonpublic high schools , per 100 persons 17 years of age , 1869-70 to 1947-48 Year Number graduated from high school Number 17 years of age 1 Number graduated per 100 persons 17 years of age 1 2 3 4 1869-70 _ 16,000 815,000 2.0 1879-80 _ 23,634 946,026 2.5 1889-90. __ _ 43,731 1,259,177 3.5 1899-1900 _ 94,883 1,489,146 6.4 1909-10. _ 156,429 1,786,240 8.8 1919-20 _ 311,266 1,855,173 16.8 1929-30 _ 666,904 2,295,822 29.0 1939-40 _ 1,221,475 2,403,074 50.8 1941-42.. _ _ 1,242,375 2,425,574 51.2 1943-^4. _ 1,019,233 2,410.389 42.3 1945-46. _ 1,080,033 2,254,738 47.9 1947-48 _ 1,189,909 2,202,927 54.0 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census data, and estimates for the last four periods. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 14. — Length of school term , attendance and enrollment ratios for public elementary and secondary day schools , by State, 1947-48 Average Percent of — States, by Region Average length of school term number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Pupils enrolled attending daily Estimated population 5-17 years of age enrolled in public schools Total enrollment in secondary grades 9-12 and post¬ graduate Number of pupils enrolled per teacher * 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States 177.6 155 . 1 87.3 73.4 23.6 27 New England _ — 178.7 159.7 89.4 71.2 26.1 25.8 Maine - - 179.5 165.8 92.4 77.7 22.0 24.8 New Hampshire- — 175.3 160.0 91.3 67.5 26.8 24.4 Vermont _ 170.2 161.6 95.0 71.3 21.4 23.9 Massachusetts _ 178.7 157.6 88.2 69.7 27.6 26.5 Rhode Island _ 180.0 155.4 86.3 70.2 25.6 25.9 Connecticut - - _ 180.6 162.1 89.8 72.6 26.2 25.8 Middle Atlantic. — 183.2 159.5 87.1 75.8 28.9 25.8 New York _ 183.1 155.1 84.7 77.7 29.7 25.6 New Jersey _ 183.2 160.8 87.8 76.7 27.5 24.4 Pennsylvania- - - 183.2 164.6 89.9 73.1 28.4 26.8 East North Central - 180.3 159.7 88.6 76.5 26.4 27.6 Ohio _ 178.9 162.4 90.8 76.1 25.3 27.8 Indiana _ - 173.7 146.1 84.1 83.2 25.7 29.8 Illinois _ _ 186.6 162.3 87.0 74.8 27.3 26.3 Michigan - 180.0 161.7 89.8 77.0 26.0 29.5 Wisconsin _ _ 178.5 161.5 90.5 72.4 28.2 24.5 West North Central — 175.6 151.1 86.0 84.5 25.2 23.0 Minnesota - - 172.5 148.9 86.3 80.3 26.4 25.2 Iowa _ 177.8 153.8 86.5 92.0 24.4 22.2 Missouri. - 182.2 155.3 85.2 81.0 23.3 27.2 North Dakota _ 170.2 152.4 89.5 78.8 24.0 17.6 South Dakota - - 173.5 153.0 88.2 81.8 25.5 17.0 Nebraska _ — 178.5 158.0 88.5 86.7 28.5 19.0 Kansas - - - -- 165.1 136.7 82.8 89.7 26.4 22.8 South Atlantic - 178.2 155.1 87.0 82.5 19.2 30.7 Delaware. _ _ — __ 178.5 154.9 86.8 75.0 25.2 24.7 Maryland. . - . — 185.7 163.2 87.9 73.0 18.6 31.0 District of Columbia. _ 174.6 151.4 86.7 75.6 25.8 29.3 Virginia _ _ _ __ 180.0 159.3 88.5 80.6 20.6 32.0 West Virginia _ __ 173.0 155.1 89.7 84.8 20.6 30.9 North Carolina - 179.9 159.3 88.5 85.5 19.3 33.6 South Carolina - 174.9 143.0 81.8 82.8 13.4 29.2 Georgia _ — — 176.1 146.6 83.2 85.6 18.8 30.8 Florida - - - 180.1 163.6 90.8 82.0 21.3 26.7 East South Central _ 169.9 145.9 85.9 82.3 16.6 31.3 Kentucky - - 171.5 142.8 83.3 76.4 16.2 30.5 Tennessee. _ __ _ _ 176.5 153.9 87.2 81.5 17.4 30.3 Alabama. _ . _ 176.3 150.4 85.3 83.7 17.8 31.3 Mississippi __ 152.4 133.9 87.8 88.9 14.5 33.7 West South Central _ 173.5 147.9 85.2 77.5 20.4 29.4 Arkansas _ _ 169.7 144.8 85.3 79.8 18.3 32.0 Louisiana . - 174.0 149.7 86.0 70.3 15.0 31.3 Oklahoma _ 175.0 153.5 87.7 85.4 23.3 28.4 Texas. ... 173.9 146.2 84.1 76.9 21.9 28.4 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 Table 14. — Length of school term , attendance and enrollment ratios for public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , 1947-48 — Continued States, by Region Average length of school term Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Pupils enrolled attending daily Percent of — Estimated population 5—17 years of age enrolled in public schools Total enrollment in secondary grades 9-12 and post¬ graduate Number of pupils enrolled per teacher 1 2 3 j 4 5 6 7 Mountain _ 175.0 153.0 87.4 83.2 23.4 26.5 Montana . - 177.1 157.3 88.8 82.6 25.4 20.6 Idaho _ _ 171.9 152.7 88.8 86.2 25.9 29.0 Wyoming - 164.5 144.5 87.8 89.8 23.8 21.8 Colorado _ _ - 177.3 152.1 85.8 84.1 23.6 24.8 New Mexico.. __ 180.0 143.2 79.6 86.1 17.9 32.3 Arizona _ _ _ _ 171.6 154.9 90.3 73.6 21.4 27.6 Utah 175.1 161.6 92.3 85.5 26.6 30.4 Nevada . . 176.7 157.2 88.9 78.7 23.5 24.0 Pacific _ _ _ . 175.9 158.4 90.0 85.0 24.2 30.8 Washington _ 179.1 146.5 81.8 85.4 23.9 30.0 Oregon _ _ _ 177.6 157.5 88.7 78.3 26.8 27.2 California. . ... 175.0 161.5 92.3 86.1 23.9 3.16 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ ... 174.0 137.8 79.2 50.4 18.4 18.7 American Samoa 20.9 Canal Zone _. _ . _ 185.9 172.2 92.6 20.2 26.7 Hawaii _ _ _ 178.0 165.2 92.8 73.8 29.0 26.6 Puerto Rico _ _ _ 190.0 170.1 89.5 53.4 11.6 39.4 Virgin Islands _ 56.8 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 15. — Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , 1947-48 States, bt Region Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental sources Average annual salary of instructional staff (principals, supervisors, and teachers) Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance Cost of school property per pupil in average daily attendance Federal State County Local Current expense Interest Capital outlay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States. _ _ 2.8 38.9 5.3 53.0 $2,639 $179.43 $3.65 $19.73 $441 1 New England _ 1.9 18.2 — 79.9 2,867 200.97 1.70 8.55 573 j 2.3 26.8 70.9 1,767 133.04 .50 4.94 325 I 2.6 17.0 80.4 2,355 187.15 .83 8.92 337 3.6 25.5 70.9 2,066 166.99 .68 10.24 359 i i 1.4 12.6 86.0 3,103 213.98 .24 6.08 668 9 2.1 19.4 78.5 3,105 220.69 9.96 1.90 673 Connecticut - 2.2 24.8 73.0 3,249 217.44 3.28 18.14 546 1 Middle Atlantic _ 1.1 30.8 .2 67.9 3,101 228.07 8.01 14.04 702 1.0 32.6 66.4 3,476 256.90 10.76 16.82 841 New Jersey - - 1.1 16.2 1.2 81.5 3,102 250.59 8.28 15.76 668 Pennsylvania. . 1.1 35.9 63.0 2,597 184.42 4.61 10.03 549 East North Central... 1.8 34.2 .7 63.3 2,927 204.74 3.85 18.71 509 Ohio - - 1.3 39.6 .2 58.9 2,847 191.61 4.42 17.97 399 Indiana - .. 1.5 39.6 .4 58.5 3,073 217.35 2.14 12.33 382 Illinois _ 2.3 15.9 .1 81.7 3,016 223.19 4.28 25.81 652 Michigan _ 1.9 54.5 .6 43.0 3,020 198.47 5.39 19.11 534 Wisconsin _ _ 2.3 19.6 3.6 74.5 2,560 191.47 .61 11.77 560 West North Central... 1.8 23.6 4.0 70.6 2,120 186.73 1.67 12.12 468 Minnesota _ 1.8 37.4 1.1 59.7 2,482 213.06 1.41 11.67 502 Iowa _ _ _ 1.6 13.9 .5 84.0 2,088 188.98 1.57 17.02 420 Missouri ... 2.1 34.4 7.5 56.0 2,099 164.08 1.71 14.24 432 ' North Dakota _ 1.6 26.3 2.8 69.3 1,665 182.07 1.46 6.17 465 South Dakota _ 1.0 17.5 1.7 79.8 1,883 193.65 2.34 8.25 513 Nebraska _ 1.9 5.5 .6 92.0 1.919 180.97 2.65 6.59 458 Kansas _ _ _ 1.6 11.4 9.5 77.5 2,191 190.86 1.28 9.18 545 South Atlantic _ 5.3 54.2 21.2 19.3 2,222 130.72 1.85 20.65 271 Delaware _ _ 3.0 86.4 10.6 2,642 204.19 2.05 28.36 556 Maryland. . ... 2.6 40.7 27.4 29.3 3,321 192.80 4.62 40.41 398 District of Columbia. .7 14.3 85.0 3,411 218.94 108.27 710 Virginia . . _ 4.2 42.8 31.0 22.0 2,062 124.79 .74 17.81 288 West Virginia. _ 4.8 64.0 31.2 2,364 141.82 .93 10.54 323 North Carolina ... _ 9.0 66.2 17.6 7.2 2.114 108.74 2.04 18.56 221 South Carolina — . 8.3 60.7 6.0 25.0 1,742 112.39 1.09 10.30 191 I Georgia _ 5.8 57.9 20.2 16.0 1,724 103.85 .70 8.22 196 Florida - 3.0 52.8 23.8 20.4 2,641 160.50 4.92 34.10 277 East South Central _ 8.7 55.0 20.3 16.0 1,780 100.07 .53 9.47 158 Kentucky . _ 8.3 42.1 25.9 23.7 1,884 112.15 .92 9.26 238 Tennessee . _ 12.8 51.7 26.5 9.0 1,901 107.62 .53 16.70 137 Alabama _ 4.9 72.8 12.1 10.2 1,957 106.28 .54 9.22 121 Mississippi _ 6.9 50.8 12.1 30.2 1,256 71.42 1 .11 11.28 148 West South Central _ 5.8 52.8 4.8 36.6 2,326 146.36 4.47 14.09 299 Arkansas . . 6.5 62.7 2.5 28.3 1,545 92.93 1.97 21.82 202 Louisiana _ 8.8 60.9 25.4 4.9 2,236 144.91 3.46 17.43 285 1 Oklahoma _ 3.2 50.1 2.4 44.3 2,277 144.49 1.74 5.99 244 Texas _ 5.6 | 50.0 .2 44.2 | 2,585 164.70 6.63 13.44 356 1 Incomplete. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 Table 15. — Financial data for public elementary and secondary day schools by State , 1947-48 — Continued - — States, by Region Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental sources Average annual salary of instructional staff (principals, supervisors, and teachers) Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance Cost of school property per pupil in average daily attendance Federal State County Local Current expense Interest Capital outlay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 Mountain _ 2.8 37.1 12.5 47.6 2,663 193.44 2.55 27.84 424 Montana - Idaho - - - Wyoming - Colorado _ New Mexico _ Arizona - Utah - Nevada - - Pacific - - 3.2 2.0 3.9 1.5 2.2 2.8 4.2 7.0 17.8 23.6 29.6 20.8 87.5 46.4 45.5 37.1 39.2 12.8 11.6 12.0 5.4 1.1 39.7 39.8 61.6 54.9 65.7 4.9 49.7 50.3 16.2 2,582 2,239 2,187 2,540 2,741 3,136 2,968 2,988 246.80 168.89 195.44 188.18 186.49 203.62 179.40 230.74 .96 1.93 3.79 3.11 12.12 3.34 2.17 4.66 14.86 21.73 17.63 32.91 24.70 52.70 19.78 24.49 490 336 417 451 357 482 385 619 478 1.4 49.2 1.9 47.5 3,533 216.95 4.29 57.87 Washington . . Oregon - - California - 1.8 1.1 1.3 62.7 35.0 47.5 1.5 1.8 2.0 34.0 62.1 49.2 3,325 2,941 3,690 237.05 217.38 212.38 2.21 2.57 5.01 61.80 57.69 57.01 538 450 468 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ Canal Zone- _ _ 2.1 68.1 29.8 3,588 2,811 3,639 1,499 288.18 141.78 193.18 68.40 32.88 3.57 10.64 3.72 376 509 62 Hawaii-.. _ Puerto Rico _ 1.4 19.3 81.9 76.0 16.7 4.7 Incomplete. Table 16. — Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system , 1869-70 to 1947-48 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 oo T r- 05 s 146,113,000 30,171,000 23,944,532 5,653,305 20,909,739 3,713,333,244 860,678 161,913 698,765 « 209,309 $9,212,745,668 $4,311,534,373 40,404.599 2,359,359,061 1,645,336,379 266,434,334 ©^ tcT 412,467,237 42,80,582,63 1,418,126,143 20.6 16.4 79.4 23.6 T CO 05 o 138,083,449 28,930,000 23,266,616 5,553,520 19,602,772 3,440,876,724 © o> oo 126,672 701,318 209,309 $7,928,129,584 $2,604,322,427 24,984,047 1,646,498,185 831,968,626 100,871,569 © © oo 53,856,462 1,551,275,675 847,448,899 21.0 16.9 80.4 23.9 1939-40 05 131,891,632 29,805,259 25,433,542 6,601,444 22,042,151 3,858,012,335 f'- r- 00 194,725 680,752 762,262 $7,635,112,546 $2,260,527,045 23,104,293 1,490,424,784 658,983,264 88,014,704 $2,344,048,927 257,973,601 1,369,510,172 716,565,154 22.6 19.3 85.3 26.0 1929-30 00 122,775,046 31,571,322 25,878,015 4,399,422 21,264,886 3,672,765,005 854,263 141,771 712,492 247,289 $6,211,327,040 $2,088,556,837 27,516,517 1,645,687,651 329,312,434 86,040,238 $2,316,790,384 370,877,969 1,295,201,424 650,710,991 25.7 20.9 81.3 17.1 1919-20 r- 105,710,620 27,728,788 21,578,316 2,200,389 16,150,035 2,615,161,151 679,302 95,654 583,648 271,319 $2,409,719,120 OO o> N © CNJ © 26,036,098 758,896,551 134,278,753 50,908,896 $1,036,151,209 153,542,852 613,404,578 269,203,779 26.2 20.4 77.8 10.2 O 05 O 05 to 91,972,266 24,239,948 17,813,852 3 519,251 12,827,307 2,011,477,065 523,210 110,481 412,729 265,474 $1,091,007,512 r» $ 2 © « 14,096,555 312,221,582 64,604,701 42,140,859 CO © Lft © «M 69,978,370 253,915,170 102,356,894 26.4 19.4 73.5 5.1 1899-1900 in 75,602,515 21,404,322 15,503,110 5 519,251 10,632,772 1,534,822,633 423,062 126,588 296,474 248,279 $550,069,217 $219,765,989 9,152,274 149,486,845 37,886,740 23,240,130 $214,964,618 | 35,450,820 137,687,746 41,826,052 28.3 20.5 72.4 3.3 1889-90 - 62,622,250 18,543,201 12,722,631 * 202,963 8,153,635 1,098,232,725 363,922 125,525 238,397 224,526 $342,531,791 $143,194,806 7,744,765 97,222,426 26,345,323 11,882,292 $140,506,715 26,207,041 91,836,484 22,463,190 29.6 20.3 68.6 1.6 1879-80 CO 50,155,783 15,065,767 9,867,395 3 110,277 6,144,143 800,719,970 286,593 122,795 163,798 178,122 $209,571,718 $78,094,687 55,942,972 30.1 19.7 65.5 1.1 1869-70 «SJ rHfOfNNNCO t>- ^ CQ CO Tt^lOC^CO ^ OOOfHONCO lO^CNOONiC ICOOOM OO oocico ^ CO 1H CO 1C 200,515 77,529 122,986 116,312 $130,383,008 1 1 1 l 1 1 i l till ■ 1 I 1 l 1 l 1 ■ III l l 1 1 till © © © ©* o> CO w © 37,832,566 31.3 17.8 57.0 1.2 Item A. — General Statistics Total population 1 _ . _ _ Children 5-17 years of age, inclusive 2 _ Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) - Pupils enrolled in public high schools _ Average daily attendance _ Total number of days attended by all pupils Total teachers _ Men - - - . ... Women _ Number of schoolhouses _ _ Value of all school property _ B. — Financial Statistics Total revenue receipts _ Income from permanent funds and lands. Count.v and local taxes and appropriations State taxes and appropriations _ All other sources _ Total expenditures . . Sites, buildings, furniture, libraries and ap¬ paratus _ ... _ _ Salaries of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers _ All other purposes _ C. — Derived Statistics Percent school population is of total popu¬ lation _ _ Percent of total population enrolled _ Percent of children 5-17 years of age (in¬ clusive) enrolled _ _ Percent of pupils in high school _ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 17. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1939-40 , 1945-46 , and 1947-48 Item 1939-40 1945-46 1947-48 1 2 3 4 1,751 1,768 1,788 A. Staff, students, and degrees: 1,708 131.552 1,768 136.032 1,788 196.300 Men _ _ 94.536 37,016 93.876 42,156 143.243 53,057 Resident college enrollment: 21,494,203 1,676,851 2,616,262 Men _ 2 893,250 600,953 927,662 749,189 1,836,339 779,923 456,679 185,277 271,402 515,602 226,421 289,181 955,429 632,086 323,343 Third week of fall term (men and women) _ Students enrolled for first time (men and women) Arts and sciences: Undergraduate 1,364,815 417,550 1,073,629 474,894 2,339,292 609,737 744,827 406,556 338,271 (3) (3) (3) 1,472,333 967,412 504,921 Men _ Women Graduate _ _ _ 54,584 (3) 105,832 Men _ __ _ 33,711 20,873 (3) (3) 65,704 40,128 Women.. _ Professional schools: Undergraduate _ _ 646,999 (3) 962,515 Men _ _ 424,487 222,512 (3) (3) 748,375 214,140 Women _ _ Graduate _ 51,535 (3) 75.582 Men _ 33,917 17,618 (3) (3) 52,455 23,127 Women _ _ Degrees : Bachelor’s (including first professional) _ 186,500 136,174 271,019 Men _ 109,829 76,671 58,664 77,510 175,456 95,563 Women.. _ _ Master’s _ 26,731 19,209 42,400 Men _ _ 16,508 10,223 9,484 9,725 28,899 13,501 Women. _ Doctor’s _ _ _ 3,290 1,966 4,188 Men _ _ _ 2,861 429 1,580 386 3,687 501 Women. _ Honorary (men and women) 1,452 (3) (3) STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 Table 17. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1939-40 , 1945-46, and 1947-48 — Continued [Thousands of dollars] Item 1939-40 1945-46 1947-48 1 2 3 4 B. Receipts 1,609 1,768 1,788 Receipts specifically designated for additions to: $66,209 38,688 2,306 1,043 2,481 $121,837 (1 2 3 4 ) (*) (*) (*) $364 , 901 62,140 9,743 2,731 1,265 571,288 924,958 1,538,076 200,897 71,304 38,860 151,222 24,392 40,453 32,777 11,383 214,344 89,763 197,250 225,161 31,005 77,572 67,084 22,779 304,601 86,680 526,476 352,281 47,521 91,468 92,725 36,324 Private gifts and grants _ _ Sales and services of organized activities Miscellaneous and unitemized sources _ _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ 143,923 244,436 465,155 C. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,609 1,768 1,788 Educational and general: Administration and general expense _ _ _ _ $62,827 280,248 27,266 19,487 69,612 27,225 $104,808 375,122 86,812 26,560 110,947 60,604 $171,829 657,945 159,090 44,208 201,996 85,346 Resident instruction _ _ . Organized research.. . . ... _ Libraries _ . Physical plant operation and maintenance _ Organized activities related to instruction. _ _ _ Subtotal _ _ _ _ 486,665 35,325 764,853 55,473 1,320,414 71,180 Extension _ _ Total educational and general expenditures _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ . 521,990 820,326 1,391,594 124,184 28,514 83,765 242,028 26,068 71,403 438,988 52,687 306,371 Other noneducational expenditures _ _ Capital outlay _ . D. Property: Number reporting property . .. _ _ 1,440 (3) 1,788 Total _ _ $4,518,384 (*) $6,493,727 Endowment funds 5 _ _ _ 1.686,283 49,537 28,784 2,303,302 450,478 (3) ( 3 ) ( 3 ) (3) (3) 2,688,762 69,050 44,190 3,691,725 (*) Annuity funds _ _ _ _ Student loan funds _ _ _ Grounds, buildings, and improvements _ Equipment _ _ _ . _ _ _ 1 Administrative and instructional. 2 Revised since original publication. * Information not available. 4 Excluding receipts specially designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds. 5 Including unexpended plant funds and funds temporarily functioning as endowment. • Included with grounds, buildings, and improvements. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 18. — College enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889-90 to 1947-48 Year Enrollment Population 18-21 years of age Number enrolled per 100 persons 18-21 years of age Number Percent increase since 1889-90 Number Percent increase since 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 _ 156,756 5,151,067 3 1899-1900 _ 237 , 592 51.6 5,930,765 15.1 4 1909-10 _ 355,215 126.6 7.335.453 42.4 5 1919-20 _ 597,880 281.4 7,343,794 42.6 8 1929-30 _ 1,100,737 602.2 9,026,741 75.2 12 1939-40 _ 1,494,203 853.2 9,753,537 89.3 15 1941-42 _ 1,403,990 795.7 i 9,882,518 91.9 14 1943-44 _ 1,155,272 637.0 19,717,930 88.7 12 1945-46 _ 1,676,851 969.7 19,485,071 84.1 2 13 1947-48 _ 2,616,262 1,569.0 19,264,454 79.9 * 15 1 Estimated. 2 The 462,079 veteran students, most of whom were over 21 years of age, have been excluded in calculating this percentage. 3 The estimated 1,266,898 veteran students, most of whom were over 21 years of age, have been excluded in calculating this percentage. Table 19. — Number of persons graduated from college, per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1947-48 Year Number graduated from college 1 Number of persons 21 years of age 2 Number graduated per 100 persons 21 years of age 1 2 3 4 1869-70 _ 9,371 725,000 1.3 1879-80 _ 10,353 998,964 1.0 1889-90 _ 14,306 1,246,876 1.0 1899-1900 _ 25,324 1,426,849 1.8 1909-10 _ 34,178 1,789,404 1.9 1919-20 _ 48,622 1,821,712 2.7 1929-30 _ 122,484 2,211,031 5.5 1939-40 _ 186,500 2,367,661 7.9 1941-42 _ 185,346 *2,566,253 7.2 1943-44 _ 125,875 32,426,456 5.2 1945-46 _ 136,174 * 2,407,509 5.7 1947-48 _ 271,019 *2,390,946 < 11.3 1 Bachelor’s and first professional degrees only. 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. * Estimated. * Includes veterans. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 Table 20. — Enrollment in summer-session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1947-48 Year Enrollment Year Enrollment Summer session 1 Extension and corre¬ spondence work Summer session 1 Extension and correspondence work Collegiate Non- collegiate 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1919-20 _ 132,489 220,311 278,125 340,461 382,776 388,755 414,260 101,662 155,163 194,147 324,819 360,246 354 , 133 440,186 1933-34... 303,754 370,026 429 , 864 456 , 679 426 , 849 479,326 515,602 955,429 208,507 251,469 295,351 292 , 236 278,554 244 , 842 2535,957 2 759,909 45,484 46,452 75,822 70,145 83,833 98,496 (2) (2) 1921-22 . 1935-36 1923-24 _ 1937-38. . 1925-26 _ 1927-28. . 1939-40 _ 1941-42 1929-30 _ 1931-32. 1943-44 _ 1945-46 1947-48 1 For odd years. * Break-down by level not available before 1931-32 or for 1945-46 and 1947-48. Table 21. — Number of junior colleges and enrollment in junior colleges, 1919-20 to 1947-48 Year Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 a 4 5 6 7 1919-20 _ 52 8,102 10 2,940 42 5,162 1921-22 _ 80 12,124 17 4,771 63 7,353 1923-24 _ 132 20,559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ 163 27,095 47 13,859 106 13,236 1927-28 _ 248 44 , 855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30 _ 277 55,616 129 36,501 148 19,115 1931-32 _ 342 85,063 159 58,887 183 26,176 1933-34 _ 322 78,480 152 55,869 170 22,611 1935-36 _ 415 102,453 187 70,557 228 31,896 1937-38 _ 453 121,510 209 82,041 244 39,469 1939-40 _ 456 149,854 217 107,553 239 42,301 1941-42 _ 461 141 ,272 231 100,783 230 40,489 1943-44 _ 413 84,616 210 56,439 203 28,177 1945-46 _ 460 156,456 235 109,640 225 46,816 1947-48 _ 472 240,173 242 178,196 230 61,977 Table 22. — Number of teachers in schools and colleges , by type of school, and by sex, 1929-30 to 1947-48 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 oo n- 04 CO HOM 00 05 05 ^05tJI ert CO *C rH 00 00 X -<4(10 N- I-H CO S*OI>t^rHCO *nco *3 *C co u- 00 00 00 ^05*200*0 4- ■onh osio^^iooo 04*00 I> 00 10 rH *0 to 0500 04*004 *0rt*O 000*0 04 00 00 00!>1-*004 Tt< CO t> 00 o C0*O*ON-©O5 oo co *o 05 00 04 04 00 05 CD CO rH 00 Tt* l> COrHtHT}l©05 05 00 O *-1 *0 05 CO 04 Tl* 05 ON 05 Ti* 05 05 050 04 CO 00 05 co *o *-1*0*0*0 05 04 oo 05 04 00 N- 04 O CO 00 cob- 0 05*0 05 05 rH N. 04 © 04 00 000*0*0 05 04 *0 rH ■'f CO OO COO ooo ococo rf oo *o *OI> N- N» CO 05 N- © CO *0 N- 05 Tt* O N- CO 1-H *0 05 Tj* ON •*}* tJI r-l © t-ooo CO^fCO 00 *0 05 CD *0 CO N- CO O tHCOCOOCOO 05 CO 05 rH Tj* 00 ■ CO lO tr CD 04 00 O 04 rH 04 r-l 00 00 rH CO — I *OOOrH*OrH04 COO N-CO *o 05 CO CO CO 04 -<4< 04tHTjl co*oco *On*0 lOONOONCO r-l 00 05 N- ^41 CO CO CO 04 *C TjH 00 *0 *OH rH a a* g>| 8 "o’o ” ■ f'l-sl iTJ'JS fl (3 T3 fl a cj-S ° O 03 T3 <5 is % .0 g g'-*f -o'o N S 0.5 R P & O c M O O o4hH gV.o 0 >,§^2 * :”2> - 3 N co “ sort 5 o ^3 I* 3 3 ZJ ^ d » li HrH (1 s^s&fsi .l|*s 1 8:1 'll-g I>1 COCO 04 “Tfi r}i CO 5?C5 *0 04 '■Q com 05 c- 05 05 cs.2 3 c3+» m cq .s.° .2.2 pH X O CQ O ^Sd o £.2 go la 3-0 o r g s § 2 3 3,0 a5rdVM o tJ'B g 3 3.2 tBajHH.-S Table 23. — Growth of reorganized public high schools in relation to regular public high schools , foi STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 1945-46® Enrollment 6,919.624 2,694,992 4,224,632 S 1,276,358 26 6,282 1,136,306 76,354 57,390 1,088,581 33,177 361,916 659,083 34,405 700,222 23,121 677,101 1,159,471 1,062,011 ! 97,460 Number of schools 2 23,947 13,625 10,322 3 S CM 1 18 2,139 323 166 1 CO §§§» i i CO 133 3,193 CO 1,207 110 1 1937-38 Enrollment CO 7,420,702 3,227,837 4,192,865 iO g 1,408,584 46,137 57,170 23,423 1,210,695 2,758 68,401 1,079,906 346.385 722.385 is 732,157 130,843 601,314 972,218 9,139 819,584 143,495 Number of schools CM 24,590 15,056 9,534 s s CM 68 219 44 1,774 11 256 s 1,435 1,751 is S CM 401 2,578 I 9 737 213 1933-34 Enrollment - 6,557,936 3,360,440 3,197,496 OO 58 1,220,101 31,967 46,608 17,247 1,071,660 1,251 51,368 816,007 245,312 564,389 is • CO 1 1 70,755 350,084 740,549 6,801 642,846 90,902 N umber of schools o 23,213 16,574 6,639 VO 3 1 42 174 32 1,498 6 196 1 CM 1,035 1,326 • 05 S 146 1,412 “IS 1929-30 Enrollment 5,212,179 2,652,271 2,559.908 05 Tti 1,036,919 19,159 69,908 15,750 901,000 IS 1 CO 545,351 183,568 361,783 433,825 39,090 394,735 543,813 §1 Number of schools oo 22,237 Is vo in o s s il I £1 a 3S I IS 1925-26 Enrollment 3,741,450 2,202,052 1,539,398 TJ4 i 1 20,660 40,597 15,116 541,002 k 426,576 156,067 270,509 193,559 47,916 145,643 290,454 11 §s Number of schools V© 17,710 14,184 3,526 05 05 s 8382 i” I 28 CO 1 158 495 lO §§ 1921-22 Enrollment in a * CM 1,927,746 568,488 OO S3 215,158 s 1C CM 1 1 63,771 Number of schools - 1 Tj* 12,490 1,566 3 1 § 1 05 05 Enrollment CO 14,443 1,735,619 1,578,079 157,540 05 2 CO « 41,343 Number of schools 13,571 872 o £ lO Type of high school - Total high schools _ Total regular high schools _ Total reorganized high schools _ Percent of reorganized schools or enrollment in reorganized schools to total _ _ _ Recognized, high schools Junior high schools - - il ’7 I CN II il ;s -1 i ec 3-year, 3-3 plan. . _ . . . . ii S3 II o 4 Junior -senior high schools _ 5-vear 4 1 T i CM ■I 6-year, 3-3 plan. _ _ u-ycai v _ _ _ _ 7-year, 3-4 plan _ Undivided high schools.-- _ 5- year.. . . . . . . 6- year - Senior high schools— _ _ 1 CM 3- year _ _ _ . . 4- *ear - - 1 Classification does not fully conform with previous years. 4 Division between junior and senior grades not available. 1 Includes the junior part of junior-senior and undivided high schools. 5 Other than 2-4 and 3-3 plans. * Includes undivided high schools. • Includes the senior part of junior-senior and undivided high 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 24. — Number of instructional staff , enrollments , and number of high- school graduates in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia , 1947-48 State Instruc¬ tional Staff Enrollment High-school graduates Total Elementary Secondary i Total Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total _ 70.150 2.306.062 2.006.836 299.226 38.623 15.502 23.121 Alabama - - __ 6,969 230,702 201,221 29,481 4,239 1,680 2,559 Arkansas.. _ 2,630 98,948 88,356 10,592 1,353 557 796 Delaware _ 282 7,693 6,363 1,330 158 75 83 Florida _ — _ 3,914 108,285 91,675 16,610 2,475 1,181 1,294 Georgia _ 7.227 248,360 219,123 29,237 2,865 1,032 1,833 Kentucky _ - _ _ 1,395 36,619 29,967 6,652 999 413 586 Louisiana - _ _ _ _ 4,733 169,031 154,575 14,456 2,525 946 1,579 Maryland 2,115 67,619 57,450 10,169 1,458 579 879 Mississippi _ - _ 6,572 259,988 243,427 16,561 1,733 543 1,190 Missouri. _ _ 1,693 53 , 182 44,404 8,778 757 370 387 North Carolina 7,404 258,740 220,622 38,118 5,120 1,911 3,209 Oklahoma - - 1,499 35,009 27,843 7,166 1,129 544 585 South Carolina. 6,505 207,457 189,168 18,289 371 250 121 Tennessee _ _ 3,126 103,966 87,847 16,119 2.339 980 1,359 Texas _ _ _ 6,950 200,798 167,617 33,181 4,942 1,984 2,958 Virginia _ _ _ - 4,713 150,636 122,906 27.730 4,045 1,584 2,461 West Virginia _ 985 25 , 266 19,339 5,927 1,016 430 586 District of Columbia _ 1,438 43,763 34,933 8,830 1,099 443 656 Last 4 years of school system. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 41 Table 25. — Comparative data on attendance and average expenditures for white and Negro schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia , 1947-48 State Average length of terms in days Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Pupil-teacher ratio in elementary and secondary schools Current expense per pupil in average daily attendance 1 Average salary per member of instructional staff (supervisors, principals and teachers) 2 White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total _ 176.2 171.6 153.4 143.1 29 34 _ Alabama _ _ 176.2 176.5 152.4 146.8 30 34 .122.98 $74.97 $2,123 $1,616 Arkansas _ 170.8 166.1 147.4 137.0 30 39 103.29 59.57 1,637 1,182 Delaware _ _ 178.3 179.3 155.8 150.6 24 29 n. a. 3 n. a. 2,639 2,661 Florida.. . _ _ 180.1 180.1 164.6 160.7 26 29 177.47 112.70 2,777 2,214 Georgia . . 176.7 174.9 151.1 138.5 29 35 126.87 58.73 1,924 1,281 Kentucky - 171.1 176.6 142.4 149.0 31 28 n. a. 3 n. a. n. a. n. a. Louisiana _ _ 178.3 166.8 156.0 139.6 28 39 n. a. n. a. 2,535 1,572 Maryland _ _ . 185.7 185.9 164.5 159.0 30 34 200.51 165.06 3,369 3,137 Mississippi _ _ 162.9 140.9 150.0 117.8 29 40 114.74 23.82 1,703 638 Missouri.. . . 181.1 192.9 154.3 165.8 27 32 n. a. n. a. 2,070 2,475 North Carolina. . .. 179.9 179.9 162.5 151.9 33 36 113.80 96.39 2,109 2,125 Oklahoma _ . . 175.0 175.0 153.5 153.5 28 28 142.55 167.85 2,255 2,522 South Carolina _ 179.2 169.3 152.0 132.2 27 32 146.42 67.62 2,007 1,359 Tennessee _ .. .. 176.3 177.5 153.7 155.0 30 33 n. a. n. a. n. a. n. a. Texas — 174.3 171.5 147.6 139.0 28 30 n. a. n. a. 2,620 2,384 Virginia. _ .. 180.0 180.0 161.0 154.7 30 38 n. a. n. a. 2,080 2,003 West Virginia _ 172.9 175.0 154.7 162.0 31 31 n. a. n. a. n. a. n. a. District of Columbia- 173.3 176.2 148.7 154.7 27 32 n. a. n. a. n. a. n. a. 1 Average for 9 States: White, Si 36.73 ; Negro, $74.67. 2 Average for 14 States: White, $2,271; Negro, $1,742. * Data not available. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 26. — Number of staff, enrollment , and graduates in institutions for the higher education of Negroes , by State , and by sex , 1947-48 State Number of institutions reporting Staff reduced to full-time personnel Enrollment of students of college grade Baccalaureate and first professional graduates Men Women Men Women Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total _ _ _ . 103 3.379 2,472 42.469 36.922 3.062 5.442 Alabama _ 7 251 216 3,674 2,632 170 516 Arkansas _ _ _ 5 135 116 1,019 887 66 129 Delaware - - 1 33 35 207 128 25 24 Florida _ _ -- - - 4 141 146 1,871 1,655 95 161 Georgia. - - 10 228 200 3,213 3,434 262 416 Kentucky - 1 25 21 429 370 23 67 Louisiana _ _ _ 4 147 158 2,226 2,129 139 264 Maryland- _ 4 101 73 1,065 1,052 90 186 Mississippi- _ 7 139 119 1,139 1,133 91 134 Missouri _ 3 86 83 909 969 39 132 North Carolina - _ 11 341 236 4,512 4,173 411 1,015 Ohio.. _ _ 2 86 58 786 635 72 132 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ 1 59 41 473 354 31 78 Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ 2 52 11 711 245 74 25 South Carolina _ - - 9 186 128 2,099 2,369 201 440 Tennessee __ _ _ - 8 247 206 3,619 3,251 250 366 Texas _ _ - 12 300 239 4,941 4,776 245 435 Virginia 6 272 206 3,194 2,662 261 438 West Virginia 3 98 62 1,505 1,158 114 195 District of Columbia _ 3 452 118 4,877 2,910 403 289 If Table 27. — Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade of public and nonpublic schools in the years indicated Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in — Education 1924- 25 1925- 26 1926- 27 1927- 28 1928- 29 1929- 30 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Fifth grade1 _ .. 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 High-school gradua¬ tion _ _ _ 302 316 333 355 378 403 417 432 455 462 467 439 393 College graduation _ 53 56 60 65 69 70 69 69 47 49 51 (?) (2) Year of college gradu¬ ation _ _ - 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1 Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth in 12-grade system. 1 Lack of detailed information regarding veteran students who graduated in 1947 and in 1948 makes impossible the calculation of retention rates. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 43 Table 28. — Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade of public and nonpublic schools in the years indicated, by grade or year Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in — Grade or year 1928- 29 1929- 30 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 1 9 j 10 H 12 13 14 Elementary schools: Fifth i . . 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Sixth _ 939 954 943 929 935 944 953 946 954 954 955 963 968 Seventh . . 847 861 872 884 889 895 892 889 895 901 908 916 910 Eighth _ 805 825 824 818 831 836 842 839 849 850 853 846 886 High schools: I _ _ _ 736 760 770 780 786 792 803 814 839 811 796 781 781 II _ _ 624 647 652 651 664 688 711 725 704 679 655 673 697 III.... . . 498 512 529 546 570 594 610 587 554 519 532 552 566 IV _ _ 432 454 463 481 510 489 512 466 425 428 444 476 507 Graduates _ 378 403 417 432 455 462 467 439 393 398 419 450 481 Year of graduation... 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 Colleges: I . . 137 139 148 154 160 142 129 119 121 (2) (2) (*) (*) Graduates 69 70 69 69 47 49 51 (*) (2) Year of graduation... 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1 Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. * Lack of detailed information regarding veteran students who graduated in 1947 and in 1948 makes impossible the calculation of retention rates. Table 29. — Number continuing through high school per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in public and nonpublic schools in the year indicated, by high-school year Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the first year in high schools in — High-school year 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1943- 44 1944- 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I _ _ _ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 II . . . 848 852 847 835 845 868 885 891 838 837 822 862 892 Ill _ _ _ 677 674 687 700 725 751 760 721 660 640 668 707 725 IV . . . 586 597 601 617 649 618 638 573 506 527 558 609 649 Graduates _ _ _ 513 531 541 554 579 583 582 540 469 490 526 577 616 Year of high-school graduation _ 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 30. — Source of income for publicly and privately controlled education, 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] Source Total Elementary and secondary education Institutions of higher education Residential schools for exceptional children 1 2 3 4 5 Grand total.. _ _ . _ — Publicly controlled _ _ _ Total government _ _ _ _ _ _ Federal- _ __ _ _ State _ _ _ _ __ County, city, or district- _ — Student fees _ _ _ _ 6,492,638 4,841,555 1,538,076 i 113,007 5,221,753 4,311,534 2810,917 99,302 5,042,160 4,311,204 633,341 97,615 386,027 2,094,321 2,561,812 120,270 1,676,362 2,514,572 254,005 332,096 47,240 3 11,752 85,863 84,518 14,886 80,189 84,518 14,556 78,502 (<) (4) 1,687 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants - Other sources _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 330 Privately controlled . - - Total government _ _ __ Federal _ _ « 1,270,885 3530,021 7 727,159 s 13,705 300,225 (8) 292,937 7,288 272,471 27,473 281 (8) (8) (8) 272,471 20,185 281 State _ _ _ County, city, or district _ _ __ _ Student fees _ _ _ Private subsidies, gifts, and grants _ _ Other sources _ _ _ _ 7,288 220,083 76,912 673 , 199 (8) (8) 6530,021 220,083 76,912 137,227 (4) (4) 5,951 1 1939-40 data adjusted for changes in expenditures. 2 Does not include $229,519,000 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $10,930,000 for other noneducational expenditures. 3 Federal Indian schools. 4 Not reported separately. 5 Includes $465,607 undistributed by source. 6 Estimated. 7 Does not include $235,636,000 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $12,891,000 for other noneducational expenditures. 8 Not estimated separately. Table 31. — Biennial increases in income for education, by source, 1936-38 to 1946—48 [Thousands of dollars] Source 1936-38 1938-40 1940-42 1942-44 1944-46 1946-48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total 451,020 103,986 100,384 268,542 653,476 2,027,324 Public funds. _ _ 360,610 20,862 20,464 49,084 62,279 21,900 5,537 14,270 81,470 468 12,284 20,730 264,626 146,880 720 50,076 401,439 59,859 15,979 176,199 1,763,267 90,257 13,972 159,828 Student fees _ _ _ __ Gifts _ _ _ _ Other sources _ 1 Amount of decrease from previous year. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 45 Table 32. — Percentage distribution of receipts from taxation and appropria¬ tions for the public elementary and secondary school systems, by govern¬ ment source, 1931-32 to 1947-48 Year Total (percent) Source Year Total (percent) Source State County Local State County Local 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1931-32 ... 100.0 19.5 8.8 71.7 1941-42 .. 100.0 31.6 6.2 62.2 1933-34 ... 100.0 23.4 9.4 67.2 1943-44 .. 100.0 33.6 5.6 60.8 1935-36 ... 100.0 29.4 7.1 63.5 1945-46 .. 100.0 35.5 6.0 58.5 1937-38 ... 100.0 29.8 6.5 63.7 1947-48 .. 100.0 41.1 5.2 53.7 1939-40 .. . 100.0 30.7 6.7 62.6 Table 33. — Expenditures, including capital outlay, for publicly and privately controlled education, 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] Schools Total Publicly controlled Privately controledl 1 2 3 4 Total continental United States _ Elementary schools _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6,574,379 5,237,568 1,336,811 2,915,469 1,925,728 1,592,308 105,657 7,761 4,127 5,739 5,838 11,752 12,570,911 i 1,740,265 794,751 101,433 7,573 1,678 3,695 5,510 11,752 2 344,558 2 185,463 797,557 4,224 188 2,449 2,044 328 Secondary schools _ _ _ _ . _ Colleges, universities, and professional schools (including noncollegiate departments) 3 _ Teachers colleges and normal schools 4_ _ _ _ Schools for delinquents 5-_ __ _ _ Schools for the blind 5_ _ _ __ Schools for the deaf 5_ ... Schools for the mentally deficient 5 _ __ __ Federal schools for Indians _ _ ... 1 Distribution between elementary and secondary schools estimated on basis of teachers’ salaries. 2 Estimated on basis of cost per pupil in public schools. 3 Does not include $195,529,000 public, $215,922,000 private, and $411,451,000 total expenditure for auxiliair enterprises and activities and $15,491,000 public, $35,515,000 private, and $51,006,000 total expenditure for other noneducational expenditures. 4 Does not include $26,166,000 public, $1,371,000 private, and $27,537,000 total expenditure for auxili¬ ary enterprises and activities: and $1,619,000 public, $62,000 private, and $1,681,000 total expenditure for other noneducational expenditures. 5 1939-40 expenditures for State and private residential schools reporting have been increased by the percentage increase in public elementary and secondary school expenditures. Does not include city public schools. Table 34. — Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 237 city school systems, 1947-48 Number Expenditure per pupil Size of city of cities Median Range Weighted mean • 2 3 4 5 Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, 100,000 population or more _ 30,000 to 99,999 population _ 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 2,500 to 9,999 population _ 50 55 69 63 $198.43 203.63 174.04 170.76 $98.38- 293.35 109.69- 344.66 99.71- 275.06 76.87- 297.13 $220.14 204.69 174.47 168.92 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 35. — Federal funds authorized or expended 1 for educational purposes , 1947-48 Total _ $194,224,180 Nonemergency funds _ 135 . 967 . 182 Office of Education, FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY: Administration, research, and services by the offices in Washing¬ ton, D.C.2 _ 1,796,700 Total appropriation to the States and Territories for land-grant colleges and universities, vocational education, and rehabilitation 84 , 471 , 300 Land-grant colleges and universities _ 41,436,178 Instruction in agriculture and mechanic arts 3 _ 5,030,000 Agricultural extension service 4 * _ 27, 455 , 370 Agricultural experiment station 6 _ 8, 950 , 808 Vocational education at secondary level 3 _ 6 25, 035, 122 Teacher training _ 1 ,114,756 Agricultural education _ 9, 203 , 844 Trade and industry 7 _ 8,141,125 Home economics _ 4,961,031 Distributive education _ 1 ,613,766 Vocational rehabilitation _ 18, 000 , 000 Other nonemergency funds _ 49, 699 , 182 Federal schools for Indians and natives of Alaska _ 811 ,751,539 Federal oil and mineral royalties 9 _ 9, 540,468 National forest funds 10 _ 6,040,470 National grazing funds 11 _ 256,964 U. S. Military Academy 12 _ 7,134,373 U. S. Naval Academy 12 _ 4, 500 , 000 U. S, Marine Schools _ 978,289 Public schools in the Panama Canal Zone _ 973 , 273 Howard University _ 4,287,480 National Training School for Boys _ 493 , 767 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 259 , 500 Public schools of the District of Columbia _ 3,368,059 Books and other supplies for the blind _ 115,000 58,256,998 Emergency operation, and extended school service _ 4,256,998 Expenditure for school lunch program _ 54,000,000 1 Amounts given are actual expenditures when obtainable; otherwise the amount authorized by the Federal Government to be expended is given. 2 Does not include transferred funds for expense of the Inter-American Education work, of the Surplus Property Utilization program, or of the Veterans Education Facilities program. 3 Administered by the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency. 4 Administered by the U. S. Depargment of Agriculture. * Administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Includes cost of administration, research, service of the staff in Washington, D. C., and printing of official experiment station documents. 8 The maximum amount authorized for apportionment to the several States and Territories. 7 A part of this sum may be used for home economics education. 8 Expenditures compiled by Office of Indian affairs. 9 The amount represents 37.5 percent of the receipts from the Mineral Leasing Act, which is paid to the various States receiving such funds for roads or schools. 10 25 percent of the current national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States for public roads and schools in the counties in which the forests are loacted. 11 Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934. 12 In the reports made available to the Office of Education the pay of cadets at the Military Academy is included, but the pay of midshipmen at the Naval Ac ademy is not included. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 47 Table 36. — Cost of physical property and value of funds for public elementary and secondary schools and for institutions of higher education [Thousands of dollars] %tem Amount Public elementary and secondary schools: Land, buildings, and equipment _ 19,212, 746 Permanent funds _ 694 . 1 54 Sinking funds _ 168,716 Institutions of higher education: Land, buildings, and equipment _ 3,691,725 Permanent endowments, including unexpended plant funds _ 2,688,762 Annuity funds _ 69, 050 Student funds _ 44,190 Total _ 16,569,343 1 Does not include State public-school lands, upon which it is difficult to set a value. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 37- Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes operated under State plans , 1947-48 Type of school Total Agriculture Distributive education Home economics Trade and industry • 2 3 4 5 6 Total _ _ . . 3,522,575 640,791 292,905 1,823,132 765,747 Evening __ _ _ 1,213,175 525,034 1,779,844 4,522 297,713 24,293 314,263 4,522 192,238 100,667 479,999 93,775 1,249,358 243,225 306,299 216,223 Part-time _ _ _ _ All-day _ Day-unit _ Table 38. — Expenditure of Federal , State , and local money for federally aided vocational classes operated under State plans , 1930-31 to 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] Year Expenditure 1 Year Expenditure 1 Ttoal From Federal 1 funds From State and local funds Total From Federal funds From State and local funds • 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1930- 31 _ 1931- 32 _ 1932- 33. . 1933- 34. . 1934- 35 _ 1935- 36 . . 1936- 37 _ 1937- 38 _ 1938- 39. . 32,143 32,402 30,127 28,188 29,290 33,428 36,399 44,995 52,668 7,979 8,415 7,728 6,951 9,372 9,749 10,014 17,737 19,435 24,164 24,988 22,399 21,237 19,918 23,679 26,386 27,257 33,234 1939- 40 _ 1940- 41 _ 1941- 42 _ 1942- 43 _ 1943- 44 _ 1944- 45 _ 1945- 46 _ 1946- 47 . 1947- 48 _ 55,081 57,705 59,023 63,488 64,299 65,642 72,807 83,252 103,676 20,004 20,547 20,758 20,307 19,958 20,005 20,628 21,087 26,193 35,077 37,159 38,265 43 , 182 44,341 45,637 52,179 62,165 77,483 1 For agriculture, trade and industry, home economics, teacher-training, and distributive education. Table 39. — Institutions of higher education in outlying parts of the United States , 1947-48 Enrollment Degrees Full-time equivalent Name and location of of in¬ Corre¬ institution structional Regular Summer spondence Short Bachelors Masters staff and extension courses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total, 1939-40 _ 804 7,973 3,816 1,787 41 892 37 1 Total, 1947-48 _ 944 12,724 8,275 4,986 4,147 1,224 20 University of Alaska, College, Alaska _ 61 334 775 79 24 3 Canal Zone Junior College, Balboa Heights, Canal Zone. University of Hawaii, Hono¬ 804 20 834 lulu, Hawaii _ _ 355 4,162 1,971 530 4,068 329 12 j Polytechnic Institute of Puerto Rico, San German, Puerto Rico _ _ _ 30 369 314 55 175 University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico _ 478 7,025 5,186 3,626 796 5 Estimated. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 49 Table 40. — Distribution of average salary of teachers in 48 States ( excluding the District of Columbia) , for specified years Salary range 1910- 11 1 1919- 20 1929- 30 1931- 32 1933- 34 1935- 36 1937- 38 1939- 40 1941- 42 1943- 44 1945- 46 1947- 48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Average salary J. $466 $871 51,420 $1,417 $1,227 1 $1,283 $1,374 $1,441 $1,507 $1,728 $1,995 $2,639 $3, 600-53, 699 .. 1 $3, 500-53, 599 .. $3, 400-53, 499 .. 1 $3,300-53,399.. 2 1 $3,200-$3,299-. 53 , 1 00— S3 , 1 99 _ _ 4 $3 ,000-53,099. . 3 $2,900-52,999.. o 3 1 $2,800-22, 899„ $2,700-52,799.. 1 1 52 , 600—S2 , 699 _ _ 1 1 1 $2,500-52,599.. 3 5 $2,400-52,499.. 1 1 1 1 1 $2,300-52,399.. 1 1 1 1 2 2 $2,200-52,299.. 1 1 3 3 $2,100-52,199.. 2 2 1 3 $2,000-52,099.. 2 2 1 6 3 4 $1 ,900-SI ,999.. 1 2 4 2 3 $1,800-51,899.. 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 $1,700-51,799.. 1 1 2 2 4 3 3 1 $1, 600-Sl, 699.. 5 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 8 $1,500-51,599.. 4 6 2 4 5 4 2 5 1 $1,400-51,499.. 4 3 3 2 1 1 | 4 6 2 51,300-51,399.. 2 3 3 3 3 4 $1,200-51,299.. 6 6 4 2 4 3 2 5 1 3 1 $1,100-11,199-. 2 2 4 5 3 2 5 5 5 1 $1 , 000— $1 ,099.. 3 4 4 2 4 8 7 8 3 2 $900-5999 . 9 7 5 5 5 4 2 1 2 $800-5899 _ 1 6 4 5 6 3 5 6 5 1 1 $700-5799 _ 2 7 2 2 6 8 5 4 2 1 $600-5699. . 6 5 3 3 5 3 1 1 5500-S599 . 7 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 $400-5499 . 13 7 2 1 $300-5399 . 12 1 5200-5299 . 6 Under $200 . 1 1 First year in which average annual salaries of teachers were computed for each State, 1 Including the District of Columbia. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 41. — Number of veterans in training and expenditures for training and for vocational rehabilitation in specified years' [Thousands of dollars] Year Vocational rehabilitation (P.L. 16) Education and training (P.L. 346) Average number of veterans in training Amount of subsistence allowance Amount for tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials Average number of veterans in training Amount of subsistence allowance Amount for tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials 1 2 3 4 5 .. . 6 7 Total 5 years 8501,846 82.5 $106,512 17.5 $3,505,412 70.4 $1,474,511 29.6 Percent 1943-44. _ 922 9,464 44,578 174,465 237,382 $567 7,046 37,993 190,941 265,298 $97 1,302 7.094 30,006 68,013 1944-45 . 11,956 376,750 1,883,551 2,213,382 $7,803 317,905 1.550,796 1,628,908 $1,703 32,113 567,939 872,756 1945-46 _ 1946-47 1947-48 _ 1 Date supplied by Veterans’ Administration. Table 42. — Statement of retirement funds for staff of public elementary and secondary schools , as of July 1 , 1948 [Thousands of dollars] Balance on hand at beginning of year (cash and investments) usually July 1, 1947 _ Amounts added during the year: State _ $98,161,000 Local units _ 59,091,000 Participants _ 122 , 818 , 000 Earnings and other receipts _ 58,075,000 $1,764,571,000 338,145,000 Total balances, earnings, and receipts _ _ _ 2, 102 , 716 , 000 Payments: Losses, retirements, and expense of operation _ 125,792,000 Balance on hand, July 1, 1948 (cash and investments) 1,976,924,000 fa U . S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1951 Biennial Survey of Education iri the United States-\-1946-48 Statistics of State School Systems FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1946-48 Prepared by David T. Blose, Specialist in Educational Statistics , with the assistance of Anne D. Gucwa, Survey Statistician Under the direction of EMERY M. FOSTER, Head , Reports and Analysis Branch , Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 30 cents FOREWORD rjTHIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is one of a long series of periodic statistical reports on elementary and secondary education in the United States. A similar report has been issued for each school year ending in an even number since 1916-17; and an abridged report, published as a circular, has been issued for each school year ending in an odd number since 1939-40. With respect to the topics covered in its field, the present document is perhaps the most comprehensive of any that have been issued by the Office of Education. The present report deals, for the most part, with the local public ele¬ mentary and secondary full-time day schools, but some data are also included for the State and county administration of these schools ; for evening, summer, and part-time schools ; for nonpublic (private and parochial) elementary and second¬ ary schools as a whole; and for the Catholic parochial segment of the nonpublic schools. The present report, like its predecessors, represents the fruit of extensive cooperation. All who find the material in this document of interest or value owe gratitude, first to those persons in more than 156,000 elementary schools and more than 28,000 high schools who reported information to their immediate administrative officials. These officials — about 8,000 in number, and for the most part superintendents in county, city, or independent school districts — in turn assembled and summarized the data from their schools, and reported to their State departments of education (or, in the outlying parts of the United States, to an equivalent body) . In the State departments, a second process of assembly and summarization took place. Finally, the data were reported to the Office of Education, where final assembly, editing, and summarization were completed. in IV FOREWORD It is clear that the geographic distribution of effort devoted to the present report is indeed very wide. The report represents a truly great cooperative undertaking. It aptly illustrates the clearing-house function of the Federal Govern¬ ment in the American educational system of decentralized control and voluntary cooperation. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief, Research and Statistical Service. Ralph C. M. Flynt, Director, Division of Special Educational Services CONTENTS Text page Foreword . hi Administrative organization of public elementary and SECONDARY EDUCATION . 2 State Boards of Education . 2 Intermediate administrative units . 2 Ultimate or basic administrative units . 2 Personnel in State, intermediate, and ultimate or basic units. . 3 Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary EDUCATION . 4 Number and classification . 4 Average annual salaries of instructional staff . 4 Enrollment and attendance in public elementary and sec¬ ondary EDUCATION . 7 Total enrollment . 7 Elementary school enrollment . 7 Uigh-school enrollment (last 4 years of system and postgrad¬ uates) . 9 Ratio of public elementary and secondary enrollment to popu¬ lation and attendance . 11 Children not in school . 12 Average daily attendance . 12 Pupil -teacher ratio . 13 Public high-school graduates . 13 Small schools . 13 School lunch program . 13 Finances of public elementary and secondary education... 15 Receipts . 15 Total expenditures . 17 Current expenditures . 17 Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance . 20 Expenditures for transportation of pupils . 23 Capital outlay . 23 Interest . 24 School property . 24 School indebtedness . 24 Retirement funds . 25 Education a "big business” . 26 Public elementary and secondary schools for negroes. ... 27 Enrollments . 27 Attendance and school term . 27 Teachers and other instructional staff . 28 Finances . 28 Nonpublic elementary and secondary education . 29 v VI CONTENTS Text Tables Page I. Average annual salary per member of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 5 II. Enrollment and average daily attendance in full-time ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, and ratio (percent) of average daily attendance to enrollment, for specified years . 7 III. Enrollment in full-time elementary and secondary day schools and percent of change, by grade, for specified years . 9 IV. Enrollment in public high-school grades (last 4 years of secondary school system) and percent of change, by sex, for specified years . . 9 Y. School attendance of noninstitutional population aged 5—17 years (public and nonpublic schools) October 1947 . 11 VI. Average length of school term in full-time public elemen¬ tary and secondary day schools, for specified years. ... 12 VII. Average number of days attended in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, per pupil enrolled, for specified years . 12 VIII. Number of pupils in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, per classroom teacher, by State, for specified years . 14 IX. Number of 1-room 1-teacher public-school buildings in use, for specified years . 15 X. Revenue receipts of public-school systems, by source, for specified years . . . 16 XI. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation obtained from State, county, and local sources, respec¬ tively, by State, for specified years . 19 XII. Source of revenue receipts of State school systems (ele¬ mentary and secondary education), comparison of revenue receipts, 1945-46 and 1947-48 . 20 XIII. Expenditures of State school systems (elementary and secondary education), excluding debt retirement, by purpose, for specified years . 20 XIV. Current expenditure (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . . 21 XV. Expenditure for transportation pf pupils, excluding pur¬ chase of busses, for 24 States, 1947-48 . 23 XVI. School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years .... 25 XVII. Statement of retirement funds for staff of public elementary and secondary schools, as of July 1, 1948 . 26 XVIII. Resources and receipts, liabilities and disbursements, and net physical assets of State school systems (elementary and secondary education), for the school year ending June 30, 1948 . 27 CONTENTS VII Page XIX. Total expenditures in Negro elementary and secondary public schools in 8 Southern States for 1941-42, 1945-46, and 1947-48 . 28 XX. Teachers and enrollments in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools, for specified years . 29 Detail Tables 1. Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1870—1948 . 30 2. Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and ultimate or basic administrative units, by State, 1947-48 . 32 3. Number of ultimate or basic administrative units, by level of instruction offered, by State, 1947-48 . 34 4. Number of personnel in State offices of education, by State, 1947-48 . 36 5. Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 . 38 6. Number of health, transportation, and custodial employees in public schools, by State, 1947-48 . 40 7. Percentage of men teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 42 8. Number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 44 9. Population, and number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 ... 46 10. Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public day schools, for speci¬ fied years . 49 11. Enrollment, by grade, in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 . 50 12. Number of public high-school graduates and data pertaining to summer schools and adult education classes, by State, 1947-48 . 52 13. Percent of total population and percent of population aged 5—17 enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 54 14. Average daily attendance, aggregate days attended, and average membership in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 . 56 15. Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, for specified years . 58 16. Average length of school term and school attendance in full¬ time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years . 60 17. Number of, and enrollment in, 1-, 2-, and 3 -teacher schools for States reporting, 1947-48 . 62 18. Number of public schools and transportation data, by State, 1947-48 . 64 19. Number of ultimate or basic administrative units and number of teaching positions, by State, 1947-48 . 66 VIII CONTENTS Page 20. Current expenditure for administration (general control), by each taxing unit (State, county, and local), 1947-48 . 68 21. Balance on hand from school year 1946-47 and receipts from per¬ manent school funds and leases of school lands, by State, 1947-48 . 70 22. Income from appropriation and taxation, by State, 1947-48. . 71 23. Income from miscellaneous revenue sources, and total revenue receipts, by State, 1947-48 . 72 24. Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts, by State, 1947-48. 74 25. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts, by State, 1947-48. ... 76 26. Current expenditure for administration (general control) and for instruction, by State, 1947-48 . 78 27. Current expenditure for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary services, by State, 1947-48 . 80 28. Current expenditure for fixed charges and total current expendi¬ tures, by State, 1947-48 . 82 29. Expenditure for capital outlay, by State, 1947-48 . 84 30. Summary of expenditures and detail on debt retirement, by State, 1947-48 . 86 31. Expenditure for public elementary and secondary education per capita of population and per pupil in average daily at- tendence, by State, 1947-48 . . 88 32. Cost value of public property used for public elementary and secondary school purposes, by State, 1947-48 . 90 33. Permanent school funds, school lands, and debt funds, by State, 1947-48 . 92 34. School bonds and other forms of school indebtedness, by State, 1947-48 . 94 35. Status of retirement funds for employees of public elementary and secondary schools, by State, 1947-48 . 96 36. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1919-20 to 1947-48 . 98 37. Instructional staff and number of clerical assistants in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 . 99 38. Percent of men teachers in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years . 100 39. Employees in health, transportation, and custodial services in Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 12 South¬ ern States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 . 101 40. Number of basic or ultimate administrative units containing Negro schools, and number of Negro teaching positions in 11 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48. . . 102 41. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia, for specified years . 103 42. Number of pupils enrolled, by grade, in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia, 1947-48 . 104 CONTENTS IX Page 43. Number of pupils enrolled, number of higb-school graduates, and enrollment in 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 . 105 44. School attendance and average length of school term, for Negro public day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 . 106 45. White and Negro enrollment, instructional staff, teacher load, length of school term, attendance, and unit costs in 17 South¬ ern States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 . 107 46. Current expenditure for administration, instruction, operation and maintenance of plant, and auxiliary services in Negro public schools in 14 Southern States keeping separate records, 1947-48 . 108 47. Expenditure for fixed charges, capital outlay, interest, and debt retirement, and annual and daily expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in Negro public schools in 9 Southern States keeping separate records, 1947—48 . 109 48. Number of Negro public elementary and secondary schools, value of Negro school property, and transportation data for Negro schools in 15 Southern States and the District of Co¬ lumbia, 1947-48 . 110 49. Number of teachers employed in nonpublic (private and paro¬ chial) schools, by State, 1947-48 . Ill 50. Number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic (private and parochial) schools, by State, 1947-48 . 113 51. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and secondary schools, 1947-48 . 115 Figures 1. Average annual salary of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 .... 6 2. Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, of full-time public day schools, 1918-20 to 1946-48. . 8 3. Percent of total public -school enrollment in public high schools, by State, last 4 years of system, 1947-48 . 10 4. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by State, 1947-48 . 18 5. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools (exclu¬ sive of community services), by State, 1947-48 . 22 Statistics of State School Systems, 1947-48 rpHIS CHAPTER presents data on public elementary and secondary education in 1 947-48, 1 together with comparisons extending over a 78-year period. Three tables at the end of the chapter give some statistics for nonpublic (private and parochial) elementary and second¬ ary schools.2 In general, the data relate to the 48 States and the District of Columbia; to some extent, however, the outlying parts of the United States are also covered. Total figures for the continental United States include the District of Columbia. Comparisons, however, between individual States and the District of Columbia should not be made, since the school system of the District of Columbia is more comparable to the school systems in other large cities, rather than to the system of an entire State, where both rural and city systems are included. Over a period of several years the Office of Education, together with cooperating agencies (especially the State Departments of Education and the Association of School Business Officials), has placed emphasis on the development of uniform terminology in school records, ac¬ counts, and reports. As a result, the comparability of the data from the States has been improved and the presentation of the data facilitated. Data for this chapter were supplied by State Departments of Education to the Federal Security Agency, Office of Education. The State reports were based on data furnished by 95,000 ultimate or basic administrative units, and represent the cooperative effort of more than 1 % million persons, including superintendents, supervisors, principals, teachers, and other instructional and nonins tructional staff. Together with data from the Bureau of the Census for July 1948, this report makes available perhaps the most comprehensive summary of statistics on elementary and secondary education in the United 1 Not including public residential schools for exceptional children, nor Federal schools for Indians and Alaskan aborigines. Data for the former category, for 1947-48, are available in ch. 5 of the Biennial Survey of Education, Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children (Washington, U. S. Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1950). Data for the latter category are published by the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. * Not including private residential schools for exceptional children, nor private vocational and trade schools. Data for the former category for 1947-48, are available in ch. 5 of the Biennial Survey (see foot¬ note 1 above). No data are available for the latter category. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 States ever presented. The report furnishes basic information for the formulation of educational policies and procedures. A summary of much of this information is presented in table l.3 Much additional detailed information pertaining to school activities is available for inspection and use in the files of the Office of Educa¬ tion and the library of the Federal Security Agency. This material consists of annual or biennial reports, circulars, laws, and other publications of most of the States. Administrative Organization of Public Elementary and Secondary Education State Boards of Education Forty States have State boards of education, six have vocational boards, and two States have both State boards of education and vocational boards (table 2). The authority of these boards ranges from that of serving in an advisory capacity to that of formulating policies and exercising administrative responsibilities. In many States the State boards are assisted by professional and clerical staffs. The tendency at present is for one State board to have con¬ trol of all elementary and secondary education, including vocational. Intermediate Administrative Units Intermediate units for public-school administration include counties, parts of counties, townships, and supervisory unions set up between the State and the ultimate or basic units. Although the responsibili¬ ties of intermediate units vary widely, their primary purpose is to provide administrative and supervisory services to the smaller units composing them. There were approximately 1,000 intermediate units in 1947-48 (table 3). Ultimate or Basic Administrative Units Each of the 95,000 ultimate or basic administrative units is directly responsible for the functioning of its own schools (table 3). The geo¬ graphic area served by the ultimate administrative unit is principally the local school district , of which there were approximately 94,000 in 1947-48. In some States, however (such as West Virginia and Florida), the ultimate administrative unit serves an entire county. In such cases, the county superintendent has both administrative and operating responsibilities for all the schools in the county; no subor¬ dinate school authority reports directly to the State Department of * Roman numerals indicate text tables; Arabic numerals indicate detail tables presented in the latter part of this chapter. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Education; and no intermediate administrative unit is needed. Finally, a few ultimate units (such as the unorganized territories of Maine and Wisconsin, and the State unit in Delaware) are operated directly by the State Department of Education. Each of the 95,000 ultimate or basic administrative units typically has a board, usually of 3 to 9 members, vested with policy-making and supervisory authority. There were approximately 320,000 school board members and 18,000 local school trustees in 1947-48. These officials hold their positions as a result of statutory provisions for the administration of school systems. There were, in 1947-48, 5,000 fewer ultimate or basic administrative units, and 30,000 fewer school board members, than in 1945-46. This shows the continuing tendency for two or more administrative units to consolidate into one unit. Personnel in State, Intermediate, and Ultimate or Basic Units State offices of education reported 2,712 professional staff members, 3,672 clerical assistants, and 149 operation and maintenance employees in 1947-48, or a total of 6,533 persons (table 4). This represents an increase of 1,130 persons, or 21 percent, since 1945-46. Part of this increase is due to such newer activities as the school lunch and nutri¬ tion program, surplus property distribution, veterans’ activity, etc. This professional staff includes superintendents or commissioners, deputy or assistant superintendents or commissioners, directors of divisions and chiefs of organized services, and supervisory personnel functioning at the State level. The intermediate links between the State and local operating units had the services of 5,000 superintendents and other professional per¬ sonnel and 1,500 clerical employees (table 2). The administrative offices of the ultimate or basic administrative units employed 18,500 superintendents and professional staff, 6,200 attendance officers, and 13,100 clerical assistants — a total of 37,800, which is an increase of 7,600 persons, or 25 percent more than the number in 1945-46. In addition, the ultimate or basic units employed approximately 9,200 supervisors, 37,100 principals, 860,700 teachers (table 5), and more than 250,000 clerical and miscellaneous employees. The increase in number of attendance officers is reflected in better attendance in the schools. Personnel other than instructional in the ultimate or basic units are reported in tables 5 and 6. These persons are engaged in clerical, health, dental, recreational, transportation, cafeteria, and operation and maintenance duties. Many of these employees are part time. Not all States collect information for noninstructional personnel, but estimates for States failing to report are included in the total of 250,000. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Instructional Staff in Public Elementary and Secondary Education Number and Classification The instructional staff in 1947-48 consisted of 861,000 teachers, 9,000 supervisors, and 37,000 principals, a total of 907,000 persons (table 5) as compared with 867,000 in 1945-46. These figures signify increases, especially in supervisors and principals. The duty of supervisors is to direct the teaching plans and procedures of teachers at a particular level or in a particular subject. Principals usually administer a building or group of buildings under a superintendent, with or without the aid of supervisors. The instructional staff, in addition to the usual classroom teacher, includes all other persons who supply services supplemental to instruction, such as library work, study hall, and guidance. The percentage of men teachers decreased from 41 in 1870-71 to 14 in 1919-20. Following this time there was a gradual increase in the percentage of men teachers until 1939-40, when it was 22.2. During World War II, in 1943-44, men teachers constituted only 15 percent of the total. Since then the percentage has risen to 16.6 per¬ cent in 1945-46 and 18.8 percent in 1947-48 (table 7). Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff The Office of Education collected information on salaries of teachers from 1869-70 until 1917-18, and on salaries of total instructional staff from 1919-20 to the present (table 1). It was 1912-13 before the average salary of teachers in public elementary and secondary educa¬ tion reached $500 per year. The period since 1929-30 has — except for the depression period 1933-34 to 1937-38 — been characterized by a steady increase, until the average, for the continental United States was $2,639 in 1947-48 for teachers, principals, and supervisors. (See table I and fig. 1). Due to the greatly increased cost of living, however, the 1947-48 average salary had less purchasing power than the lower average salary in 1929-30. Salaries vary greatly among States. The five States paying the highest average salaries are California, $3,690; New York, $3,476; Washington, $3,325; Maryland, $3,321; and Connecticut, $3,249. The five States paying the lowest average salaries are South Carolina, $1,742; Georgia, $1,724; North Dakota, $1,665; Arkansas, $1,545; and Mississippi, $1,256. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 Table I. — Average annual salary per member of instructional staff 1 in full¬ time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State, for specified years State 1929-30 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ Alabama _ Arizona _ _ .. - Arkansas.. - - - $1,420 $1,227 $1,283 $1,374 $1,441 $1, 507 $1, 728 $1,995 $2, 639 792 1, 637 673 2, 123 625 1,309 465 1,899 606 1,399 504 1,776 707 1,535 571 2,201 744 1,544 584 2, 351 787 1, 653 678 1,009 1,903 845 2, 616 1,276 2, 167 1,068 2, 987 1, 957 3, 136 1, 545 Colorado _ ... lj 453 l’ 172 1,248 1,294 1,393 1, 417 1,600 1, 822 2, 540 Connecticut- _ ... 1,812 1,607 1,679 1,862 1,861 1,932 2.019 2, 393 3, 249 Delaware. .. . . - 1,570 1,484 1,555 1,623 1,684 1,741 1,932 2, 202 2,642 Florida. .. _ 876 806 905 1,003 1,012 1,130 1,390 1,719 2, 641 Georgia _ _ _ 684 640 587 715 770 806 923 1,081 1,724 Idaho. _ - 1,200 794 943 1,087 1,057 1, 115 1, 379 1,672 2,239 Illinois _ 1,630 1,397 1,369 1, 608 1,700 1,807 2,018 2,280 3, 016 Indiana _ .. . - 1,466 1, 127 1,294 1,375 1,433 1,505 1,833 2, 143 3, 073 Iowa _ _ 1,094 834 875 932 1, 017 1,061 1,289 1,676 2, 088 Kansas - - 1,159 858 855 903 1,014 1, 021 1, 313 1,666 2, 191 Kentucky. . .. . - 896 676 787 835 826 936 1, 158 1, 295 1,884 Louisiana.. - - 941 725 793 982 1,006 1,086 1,427 1,537 2,236 Maine _ ... ... .. 942 803 798 860 894 1,000 1,158 1,409 1,767 Maryland _ _ _ . 1, 518 1,409 1, 455 1,564 1,642 1,713 2, 069 2,262 3, 321 Massachusetts - 1,875 1,730 1,834 2,009 2, 037 2, 049 2,219 2, 512 3, 103 Michigan _ 1,534 1, 162 1,499 1, 586 1,576 1, 671 2,013 2, 337 3, 020 Minnesota - - 1, 251 1,006 1,120 1, 185 1,276 1,288 1, 567 1, 878 2, 482 Mississippi.. . . .. 620 474 671 479 559 517 790 856 1,256 Missouri _ _ . . - 1,235 1, 175 1,048 1,134 1, 159 1,223 1,410 1,793 2, 099 Montana... - - - 1,215 957 1, 073 1,077 1, 184 1,224 1, 453 1,838 2, 582 Nebraska.. . . ... _ 1,077 749 772 813 829 854 1,159 1,514 1,919 Nevada _ 1,483 1,317 1, 521 1,465 1,557 1,644 1,876 1,992 2, 988 New Hampshire _ . 1,254 1,182 1,207 1,258 1,258 1,293 1,366 1,530 2,355 New Jersey _ ... .. 2,113 1,873 1,864 2,006 2, 093 2,157 2, 353 2, 561 3, 102 New Mexico _ _ 1,113 994 984 1,090 1, 144 1,190 1,456 1,970 2, 741 New York _ _ .. 2,493 2, 361 2, 414 2, 322 2,604 2,618 2, 726 2, 946 3, 476 North Carolina _ 873 576 735 897 946 1, 019 1,342 1,602 2,114 North Dakota - 900 621 648 684 745 750 1,059 1,469 1,665 Ohio - - 1,665 1, 420 1, 522 1,506 1,587 1,747 1,912 2,165 2, 847 Oklahoma _ 1,070 815 783 1,027 1,014 1, 120 1,429 1,796 2, 277 Oregon - - 1,612 921 1,154 1,286 1,333 1, 430 1,809 2, 164 2, 941 Pennsylvania _ _ ... 1,620 1,531 1, 549 1,593 1,640 1,724 1, 972 2,124 2,597 Rhode Island _ 1,437 1,509 1, 664 1,756 1,809 1,830 2, 042 2, 098 3, 105 South Carolina.. .... ... 788 599 637 734 743 820 973 1,152 1,742 South Dakota _ 956 614 711 752 807 844 1, 158 1,530 1,883 Tennessee _ 902 725 718 726 862 880 1,062 1,287 1,901 Texas - 924 849 941 1,013 1,079 1,091 1,329 1,640 2,585 Utah _ 1,330 1,094 1,177 1, 324 1,394 1,454 1,792 2,016 2, 968 Vermont - - - - 963 770 917 952 981 1,001 1,165 1,692 2, 066 Virginia _ _ _ 861 779 810 864 899 1,047 1,308 1,574 2, 062 Washington . . . .. 1, 556 1,217 1,369 1,746 1,706 1,920 2,099 2,547 3, 325 West Virginia . . 1,023 913 1, 091 1,096 1, 170 1,265 1,508 1,676 2,364 Wisconsin _ _ _ 1, 399 1,211 1,280 1,307 1,379 1,428 1, 705 2, 002 2,560 Wyoming . . . . . 1,239 967 1,023 1,053 1,169 1,145 1,471 1,654 2, 187 District of Columbia.. . 2,269 2,004 2,376 2, 339 2,350 1, 329 2,610 2,637 3, 411 Instructional staff consists of supervisors, principals, and teachers. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 46-48 Dollars State Calif. $3,690 N.Y. 3,476 D.C. 3,411 Wash. 3,325 Kd. 3,321 Conn. 3,249 Ariz. 3,136 R.I. 3,105 Mass. 3,103 N.J. 3,102 Ind. 3,073 Mich. 3,020 Ill. 3,016' Nev. 2,988 Utah 2,968 Oreg. 2,941 Ohio 2,847 M.Kex. 2,741 Del. 2,642 Fla. 2,641 Pa. 2,597 Tex* 2,585 Mont. 2,582 Vis... 2,560 Colo. 2,540 Minn. 2,482' W. 7a. 2,364 N.H. 2,355 Okla. 2,277 Idaho 2,239 La. 2,236 Kans. 2,191 Wyo. 2,187 N.C. 2,114 Mo. 2,099 Iowa 2,088 Vt. 2,066 Va. 2,062 Ala. 1,957 Nebr. 1,919 Tenn. 1,901 Ky. 1,884 S.Dak. 1,883 Maine 1,767 S.C. 1,742 Ga. 1,724 N.Dak. 1,665 Ark. 1,545 Miss. 1,256 U.S. $2,639 4,000 Figure 1. — Average annual salary of instructional staff in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, 1947-48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 Enrollment and Attendance in Public Elementary and Secondary Education Total Enrollment Over a long period of years, elementary and secondary enrollments in the Nation are governed principally by two factors, namely, (1) birth rates, and (2) the tendency of an increasing percentage of children to attend school and to stay in school longer. There were 7% million pupils in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools in 1870-71. This increased to 25% million in 1929-30 (fig. 2, and table 8), and to almost 26 % million in 1933-34. Enrollments decreased for the next 11 years (table II). Only since 1944-45 have total enrollments increased again (tables II, III, and IV). Table II. — Enrollment and average daily attendance in full-time elementary and secondary day schools, and ratio ( percent ) of average daily attendance to enrollment, for specified years Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment Year Enroll¬ ment (thou¬ sands) Average daily attend¬ ance (thou¬ sands) Percent average daily attend¬ ance is of enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 1 3 3 4 1909-10 _ 17,814 21, 578 25, 678 26, 275 26. 434 26, 367 25, 975 25. 434 12, 827 16, 150 21, 265 22, 245 72.0 1940-41.... 25, 296 24, 562 24, 155 23, 267 23, 226 23, 300 23, 657 23, 945 21, 547 85.2 1919-20... 74.8 1941-42 21, 031 20, 293 19,603 19, 671 19, 849 85.6 1929-30 _ 82.8 1942-43. .. 84.0 1931-32 _ 84.7 1943-44 _ 84.3 1933-34 _ 22, 458 22, 299 85.0 1944-45 . 84.7 1935-36 _ 84.6 1945-46 _ 85.2 1937-38 _ 22, 298 85.8 1946-47 20, 449 20, 910 86.4 1939-40 _ 22, 042 86.7 1947-48 _ 87.3 Both the Second World War and the lessening birthrates of the 1930’s affected enrollments during the first half of the present decade. Since then, recovery from war conditions and the increase in birth rates are causing increases in enrollments. Table 9 gives population and enrollment, by level and sex, by State; table 10 gives enrollment, by grade, for specified years; table 11 gives enrollment by grade and by State; and table 12 gives enrollments in summer schools and in adult education classes. Elementary School Enrollment The enrollment in full-time public elementary day schools was highest in 1929-30, when it reached 21,300,000 (table 1). From that time, enrollment continued to decrease until 1944-45 to 17,700,000 889235—50 - 2 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Tear -10 Hundreds of Thousands -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6' 8 10 1918-20 1920-22 1922-24 1924-26 1926-28 1928-30 1930-32 1932-34 1934-36 1936-38 1938-40 1940-42 1942-44 1944-46 '1946-48 1918-20 1920-22 1922-24 1924-26 1926-28 1928-30 1930-32 1932-34 1934-36 1936-38 193&-40 1940-42 1942-44 1944-46 1946-48 Figure 2. — Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, of full-time public day schools, 1918-20 to 1946-48 pupils (table 10). Due to the increasing number of births in the past few years, enrollments have increased since 1944-45 in kindergarten through the seventh grade (table III and 10). These increases are small compared with what we may expect in the near future. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Table III. — Enrollment in full-time elementary and secondary day schools and percent of change, by grade, for specified years Grade Enrollment (thousands) Percent increase or decrease 1939-40 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1939-40 to 1943-44 1943-44 to 1945-46 1945-46 to 1947-48 1939-40 to 1947-48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total elementary and high- school pupils _ 25,434 23,267 23, 300 23,945 -8.5 +.1 +2.8 -5.9 Total elementary school pupils _ Kindergarten. .. . _ _ First grade.. . _ . _ Second grade _ _ Third grade... ... _ _ ... _ _ Fourth grade. . . _ ... _ Fifth grade.. .. . . .. . . _ Sixth grade.. . . .. _ Seventh grade.. . . . _ ... Eighth grade.. . ... _ . Total high-school pupils _ First year _ _ .. Second year . _ _ ... Third year.. .. .. . ... . _ Fourth year _ Postgraduate _ _ . _ _ 18,832 17,713 17,678 18, 291 -5.9 -.2 +3.5 -2.9 595 3,018 2, 333 2, 332 2, 322 2,248 2, 176 2, 108 1,701 697 2, 879 2, 221 2, 163 2, 080 2,017 1,998 1,965 1,694 773 2, 895 2,319 2, 191 2,094 2, 006 1,910 1,837 1, 654 989 2, 951 2, 363 2, 259 2, 183 2, 055 1,940 1,898 1,653 +17.3 -4.6 -4.8 -7.2 -10.4 -10.3 -8.2 -6.8 -.4 +10.8 +.5 +4.4 +1.3 +.7 -.5 -4.4 -6.5 -2.4 +27.9 +2.0 +1.9 +3.1 +4.2 +2.4 +1.5 +3.3 -.02 +66.3 -2.2 +1.3 -3.1 -6.0 -8.6 -10.9 -10.0 -2.8 6, 601 5, 554 5, 622 5, 653 -15.9 +1.2 +.6 -14.4 2,011 1,767 1,486 1,282 55 1, 775 1,520 1,230 1,010 20 1,728 1, 555 1, 256 1, 032 50 1, 673 1,503 1, 272 1,131 75 -11.8 -14.0 -17.2 -21.2 -64.8 -2.6 +2.3 +2.1 +2.3 +156. 6 -3.2 -3.4 +1.3 +9.5 +50.2 -16.8 -15.0 -14.4 -11.8 +35.6 Table IV. — Enrollment in public high-school grades ( last 4 years of secondary school system ) 1 and percent of change, by sex, for specified years Enrollments (thousands) Percent Percent of change Year Total Boys Girls Boys Girls over previous enrollment given 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1909-10 _ 915 398 517 43.6 56.4 1919-20 _ 2, 200 4, 399 992 1,208 2,284 2,609 2, 867 45.1 54.9 140.4 1929-30 _ 2,115 2, 531 2,802 48. 1 51.9 99.9 1931-32 _ 5, 140 49.2 50.8 16.8 1933-34 _ 49.4 50.6 10.3 1935-36 _ 5) 975 6, 227 2,949 3, 026 49.4 50.6 5.4 1937-38 _ 3,033 3, 194 48.7 51.3 4.2 1939-40 _ 6,601 3, 251 3,274 3, 090 3, 350 49. 2 50.8 6.0 1940-41 _ 6,714 3, 440 3, 298 3,230 3,000 48.8 51.2 1.7 1941-42 _ 6, 388 48.4 51.6 -4.9 1942-43 _ 6, 122 2, 892 47.2 52.8 -4.2 1943-44 _ 5, 554 2, 554 46.0 54.0 -9.3 1944-45 _ 5, 560 5, 622 2, 566 2,633 2, 823 2,747 2, 994 46.1 53.9 .1 1945-46 _ 2, 989 46.8 53.2 1.1 1946-47 _ 5, 838 3,015 48.4 51.6 3.8 1947-48 _ 5, 653 2,906 48.6 51.4 —3.2 1 Including 9 to 12 and postgraduate grades. High-School Enrollment ( Last 4 Years of System and Post¬ graduates) The enrollment in full-time public secondary day schools reached the highest point of 6,700,000 in 1940-41 (table IV). Since then it has decreased 16 percent, and was even lower during the war. These 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-4 8 State N.Y. 29.7 Nebr. 28.5 Pa. 28.4 Wis. 28.2 Mass. 27.6 N.J. 27.5 Ill. 27.3 Oreg. 26.8 N.H. . 26.8 Utah 26.6 Minn. 26.4 Kans. 26.4 Conn. 26.2 Mich. 26.0 Idaho 25-9 D.C. 25.8 Ind. 25.7 R.I. 25.6 S.Dak. 25-5 Mont. 25.4 Ohio 25.3 Del. 25.2 Iowa 24.4 N.Dak. 24.0 Calif. 23.9 Wash. 23.9 Wyo. 23.8 Colo. 23.6 Nev. 23.5 Mo. 23.3 Okla. 23.3 Maine 22.0 Tex. 21.9 Vt. 21.4 Ariz. 21.4 Fla. 21.3 Va. 20.6 W.Va. 20.6 N.C. 19.3 Ga. 18.8 Md. 18.6 Ark. 18.3 N.Mex. 17.9 Ala. 17.8 Tenn. 17.4 Ky. 16.2 La. 15.0 Miss. 14-5 S.C. 13.4 U.S. 23.6 Percent 0 20 40 60 80 100 i i i i High School □ Elementary School Figure 3. — Percent of total public school enrollment in public high schools, by State, last 4 years of system, 1947—48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 decreases are due to the low birth rates in the 1930’s. The enrollment is still over a million less than just before the war, but the greatly increased birth rates of the past 10 years will be reflected later in much greater enrollments. There is a continuing tendency for a greater percentage of children of high-school ages to attend high school. The percentage of the total public elementary and secondary school enrollment that attends high school varies greatly among the States (fig. 3). The five States having the highest percentage are New York, 29.7; Nebraska, 28.5; Pennsylvania, 28.4; Wisconsin, 28.2; and Massachusetts, 27.6 percent. The five lowest are Tennessee, 17.4; Kentucky, 16.2; Louisiana, 15.0; Mississippi, 14.5; and South Carolina, 13.4 percent (fig. 3). Ratio of Public Elementary and Secondary Enrollment to Popula¬ tion and Attendance The ratio of the number of children enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools to the total number of children aged 5-17 was 85.3 percent in 1939-40, while in 1947-48 (table 13) it was only 79.4 percent. This decline was due to an increase in non¬ public school enrollment; to reduced retardation in school; and to better pupil accounting procedure. The percentage of enrollment in daily attendance increased from 86.7 to 87.3 percent during the same period (table 13). This percentage had gone down to 84.3 percent in 1943-44, during the war. Table Y gives figures on school attendance (in public and nonpublic schools together) taken from a report of the Bureau of the Census for October 1947.4 Table V. — School attendance of noninstitutional population aged 5-17 years ( public and nonpublic schools ), October 1947 Age i Total population (thousands) Enrollment in school Number (thousands) Percent 5 years _ . _ __ _ _ _ 2,766 1,477 53.4 6 years _ _ _ _ 2, 522 6, 959 8, 570 2, 427 6, 851 8, 451 96.2 98.4 98.6 7 to 9 years... _ _ _ 10 to 13 years _ Total 6 to 13 years. _ 18,051 17, 729 98.2 14 to 15 years _ _ _ _ _ _ . . 4, 158 4, 334 3,809 2, 928 91.6 67.6 16 to 17 years . . . . . . . Total 14 to 17 years _ 8, 492 6, 737 79.3 Total 5 to 17 years . . . 29,309 25, 943 88.5 1 5-year-olds correspond roughly to kindergarten, 6-13-year-olds to elementary grades, and 14-17-year olds to high school. 4 Current Population Reports, Population Characteristics, Series P-20, No. 19 — July 30, 1948. School Enrollment of the Civilian Population: October 1947. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Children Not in School The statistics indicate a total of 3,366,000 children 5 to 17 years of age, not in school: 1,289,000 of kindergarten age; 322,000 of elementary school age; 349,000 normally in the first 2 years of high school; and 1,406,000 normally in the last 2 years of high school.5 Of these, the only two large groups not in school are the 5-year-olds, for whom in¬ sufficient kindergarten facilities are available, and the 16- and 17- year-olds who would normally be in the last 2 years of high school (table V) . Average Daily Attendance The average daily attendance for 1947-48 (table 14) was 20,910,000; this was 87.3 percent of the total enrollment, and the highest such percentage for any year since 1870. Table 15, a historical table, gives the average daily attendance beginning in 1870-71 and for specified years to date. The length of term has continued to increase (table 16) and has reached the highest point to date. The average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled reached the highest to date, 155 days. Tables VI and VII show that a smaller number of States have a short term and that the average number of days attended per pupil enrolled has increased. Table VI. — Average length of school term in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, for specified years Days Number of States, by year 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total _ 48 48 48 48 48 48 140 to 149.9 _ 1 1 1 1 150 to 159.9 _ 4 3 2 2 1 160 to 169.9 _ 6 7 9 9 8 3 170 to 179.9 _ 26 25 25 24 28 32 180 or more _ ... .. 11 12 11 12 12 12 Table VII. — Average number of days attended in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, per pupil enrolled, for specified years Days Number of States, by year 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total _ 48 48 48 48 48 48 100-109. 9 1 110-119.9. . 1 1 120-129. 9 4 4 3 3 130-139. 9 _ 8 4 9 10 8 2 140-149. 9 _ 7 9 8 16 17 11 150-159. 9 _ 19 18 18 14 17 21 160-169. 9 _ 9 12 9 5 6 14 8 For a more detailed presentation and discussion of these data, see the article by E. M. Foster, Children Not in School, in the American School Board Journal, vol. 120, No. 4, April 1950. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 Pupil-Teacher RatioJ Table VIII gives the number of pupils in average daily attendance per classroom teacher. In continental United States the pupil- teacher load, based on average daily attendance, increased from 23.9 to 24.3 between 1945-46 and 1947-48; based on enrollments, it de¬ creased from 28.1 to 27.8. States with small rural schools hold down the average load. Among the States the pupil- teacher load in 1947- 48, in terms of average daily attendance, ranged from 13.2 in South Dakota to 29.8 in North Carolina; in terms of enrollment, these figures are, respectively, 17.0 and 33.6. Public High-School Graduates During the year 1947-48, 1,073,178 pupils graduated from public high schools. This was 61.6 percent of the class entering in 1944-45, and 94.9 percent of those enrolled in the twelfth grade in 1947-48 (table 12). These percentages are the largest to date. With the in¬ creasing holding power of the schools and the increasing birthrate, we may expect nearly 2,000,000 high-school graduates in another 15 years. Small Schools Although there has been considerable consolidation, small public schools still remain (table IX) which, because of their size, are not only limited in their offerings to the community, but are expensive. There are 75,000 1 -teacher schools (tables 17 and 18), with an average enrollment of 16.3 pupils; and, estimating for States unable to report, there are 17,500 2-teacher schools with an average enrollment of 53.3 pupils, and 7,000 3-teacher schools with an average enrollment of 85 pupils (table 17). If these schools were consolidated so that each teacher had a load of 30 pupils, and if there were no increase in educa¬ tional services, there would be a saving of 40,000 teachers (or the 40,000 teachers could care for 1,200,000 more pupils). Small schools are related to small school districts. A total of 67,000 ultimate or basic administrative units in 35 States (out of the 95,000 units in the Nation) reported on the number of teachers per unit. Of this 67,000, 13,000 reported no teachers (all pupils presumably are transported to other districts); 34,000 reported 1 teacher; and 12,000 reported at least 2 but fewer than 10 teachers — many of these doing their teaching in 1-room schools. Assuming that the 67,000 units are a fair sample, it appears that 88 percent of the ultimate or basic administrative units of the Nation have fewer than 10 teachers (table 19). 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table VIII. — Number of pupils in average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , per classroom teacher, by State, for specified years 1 State 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 » 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States _ _ 25.2 34.5 23.7 23.9 24.3 Alabama - 29.2 28.8 27.1 27.2 26.7 Arizona - - - - - 26.1 26.0 25.4 24.4 25.0 Arkansas. - 29.1 27.8 26.0 26.2 27.3 California ... - .. - - ... 27.6 25.9 26.2 27.9 29.2 Colorado - 22.3 21.0 20.5 21.0 21.3 Connecticut - 26.6 24.0 20.8 22.9 23.2 Delaware - - ... - - - - - - --- 24.1 23.1 22.3 22.2 21.5 Florida _ _ _ _ _ 24.8 24.3 24.5 24.4 24.2 Georgia - 25.6 26.4 23.9 24.9 25.6 Idaho - - 23.5 22.2 22.9 24.6 25.8 Illinois - - 23.8 23.2 22.3 22.5 22.8 Indiana.. - - - - - 27.5 26.6 27.3 25.0 25.0 Iowa. - - - 19.5 18.8 18.1 19.2 19.2 Kansas _ 19.6 19.3 18.1 19.0 18.9 Kentucky - 26.2 26.2 24.7 24.7 25.4 Louisiana . . ........... 26.8 26.0 25.1 26.9 26.9 Maine. .. ------- -------- .. 24.1 23.1 23.9 22.1 22.9 Maryland - - -- - - 29.8 29.2 28.9 28.3 27.3 Massachusetts - - . . ....... . ... 25.4 23.9 21.6 21.9 23.4 Michigan _ ... ... . .. - 26.3 26.6 26.0 26.2 26.5 Minnesota - ... . — - - ----- 21.5 21.1 20.4 20.9 21.7 Mississippi - - - . ... _. .. - - 32.1 29.7 28.9 30.1 29.6 Missouri... - ... . . ... — - 22.7 22.8 22.4 23.1 23.2 Montana - - 18.9 17.5 16.5 17.2 18.3 Nebraska - - 17.6 16.5 16.0 16.4 16.8 Nevada _ --------- ... .. 20.1 21.0 20.9 20.5 21.3 New Hampshire - - ... .. 22.9 21.9 19.6 19.3 22.3 New Jersey - - 23.5 22.4 21.1 21.0 21.4 New Mexico _ _ . ... .... ... ... ..- 28.0 27.0 25.9 25.9 25.7 New York . . . ... . . 23.8 23.4 23.0 21.2 21.7 North Carolina _ _ 32.2 31.2 29.7 29.3 29.8 North Dakota _ _ 17.2 15.6 15.0 15.5 15.8 Ohio _ _ _ 25.7 26.4 25.5 25.3 25.3 Oklahoma.. . ... ... - -. ... 24.0 24.8 24.1 24.8 24.9 Oregon _ ... - — — .... - - ... . 22.8 22.4 23.2 24.3 24.1 Pennsylvania . .. — .. . . ... — . 27.4 26.5 24.5 24.7 24. 1 Rhode Island _ 26.4 22.9 21.8 21.2 22.4 South Carolina _ _ 25.6 25.2 24.1 23.5 23.9 South Dakota - - - 15.3 14.6 13.7 14.4 15.0 Tennessee _ _ _ 26.6 25.9 25.3 25.5 26.4 Texas _ _ 24.7 23.1 23.4 23.8 23.9 Utah _ 28.0 27.4 27.2 28.9 28.0 Vermont.. _ _ _ _ .... _ _ 21.3 20.2 19.1 22.0 22.7 Virginia _ 27.9 27.8 26.5 28.5 28.3 Washington _ _. . .. ... - - - 25.9 25.9 24.8 24.4 24.6 West Virginia _ ... ... ... ... _ _ ... . 28.9 25.3 23.5 24.4 27.7 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ 23.7 23.1 22.3 21.9 22.2 Wyoming _ 18.5 16.8 17.8 17.9 19.1 District of Columbia _ 27.1 26.1 24.6 24.4 25.4 Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska _ _ Canal Zone _ Guam... _ _ _ .... _ 36.5 38.7 35.4 32.1 35.2 17.4 27.6 32.2 28.4 42.1 18.5 24.6 17.9 25.2 18.9 20.1 18.7 26.7 Hawaii _ _ _ _ .... . . 27.6 39.8 23.9 24.3 36.9 26.6 39.4 Puerto Rico . . . . . Virgin Islands 40.3 27.8 ° | 1 These figures are based on actual attendance. The national average number of pupils enrolled per teacher would be 27.8 for 1947-48. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 Table IX. — Number of 1 -room 1-teacher public-school buildings in use, for specified years Year All build¬ ings in use 1-room 1-teacher buildings Year All build¬ ings in use 1-room 1-teacher buildings Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 1 2 3 4 > 2 3 4 1909-10 265, 474 271, 319 263, 280 255, 551 248, 117 245, 951 242, 929 212, 448 187, 948 165, 417 153, 306 148, 712 143, 445 138, 542 80.0 69.3 62.8 60.0 59.9 58.3 57.0 1935-36 _ 237, 816 229, 394 226, 762 222, 660 209, 309 130, 708 121, 178 113,600 107, 692 96, 302 86, 563 75, 096 55.0 52.8 50. 1 48.4 46.0 1919-20 . 1937-38 _ 1923-24 1939-40 _ 1927-28 .. 1941-42 _ 1929-30 1943-44 _ 1931-32 1945-46 _ 1933-34 1947-48 _ School Lunch Program On June 4, 1946, Congress passed the School Lunch Act, under which the Department of Agriculture subsidizes the purchase of certain food items and provides certain surpluses free for school-lunch purposes. During 1947-48, the Federal Government appropriated $54,000,000 for the school-lunch program, of which about $2,000,000 went to private schools and the remainder to the public schools. In addition, the schools were given as much as they could use of the available surplus farm commodities. Nearly all States have provided staffs to supervise this school-lunch program (table 20). Forty thousand schools served school lunches each day to an average of 5}{ million children. The largest number served at any one time was about 5% million. The value of this program for the health of the Nation can scarcely be overestimated, particularly if the educa¬ tional possibilities of the program in teaching children to choose healthful and nutritious food are realized. Finances of Public Elementary and Secondary Education With public-school property worth more than $9,000,000,000, and with an expenditure by the schools of more than $4,300,000,000 annually, finance has become a major factor in school administration. The coming years will bring increasing expenditures, especially in view of increasing enrollments and the large building program which has been started. Receipts Revenue receipts increased from $3,060,000,000 in 1945-46 to $4,312,000,000 in 1947-48 (table X). During the same period ex¬ penditures increased $1,404,000,000, or 48 percent. The increase in Table X. — Revenue receipts of public-school systems , by source, for specified years 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 1947-48 Percent CS 100.0 00 05 CO O c4 oo us co CO US Amount (thousands) N $4,311,534 120, 270 1, 676, 362 229, 761 2, 285, 141 1945-46 Percent S 100.0 ^NOC5 H 50 N CO US Amount (thousands) 2 us GO as MS O eo 41, 378 1, 062, 057 185, 097 1, 771, 312 1943-44 Percent as 100.0 ^OCOO Amount (thousands) GO DS N co o CD w 35, 886 859, 183 146, 243 1, 563, 010 1941-42 Percent r* 100.0 ^USNOS HHOO CO CO Amount (thousands) CD o GO US CD W 34, 305 759, 993 150, 223 1, 472, 058 1939-40 Percent US 0 '001 1> CO CO HOCOH CO CO Amount (thousands) *<* S CD N €«■ | 39,810 684, 354 151, 097 1, 385, 266 1929-30 Percent w 100.0 05 ^ CO #cdo!§ d d ^ a .8,3 bn i ® td-'d MflOO81 goftfjd ^ 03 S .2 l^dd 03 sSllifs ggSilrs “Isa %* a 'laaa^a Ord d d > O ^ EhOPhPh^H W fH O rd CD O +J si d m ?i rq rd to rr) . „ d H W CD piEP i-a s | aS 2 ^Soco „ ®alagas§ 3 PS P S'PG 2 d ^ d a g>p.( 3 q. 35 03 t rd S , t> d ^5 d °r |* w STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS > CD iO 05 82 r-H (M » O eo r-4 co '00 00 rti »o CO ^ 05 CO id oo oo co 05 in co . 00 CO 05 03 o S >5 3 ^ a a a> ^ O 2 <■ §•8 8 §8- PhPh Ph jo • id io%na 3«S^S 1 8« 2 w > u oj a) a ■> © ® > -a Ph < t3 a ■SgJU a^a^ a ft3a A 3flfl ® ft® « CUD _ 60 _ 03.C 03rP t- O Sh o ® 03 ® C3 > a> t> 25 <1 o i'CJ^ ' S!^ > a as i£ >sa L 15 wj t> p^^ c a a J o <3 co b i_ ?S .SI CO « ojfl p, "e*-"= a ® ' a oa p.„ OQO-< gCQ 3 i&s lilt a i5.S % ip o. g« a> t- ft-p> Sa-o, h'CJJ a ofl^oQ 5 aS' EH Cd ^ O a g,H »h no ® >>2 e <5 ® « a a ft a M •O ® Co 03 ^ -id 0> S aa Kg'S O Q> * © o OQ g ^ TS'S C3 -§ g * ® g.-g a wg o^j P S P o o _ o d C (- d>.S? 5 is o T3-3 W' OJ >i CO p Q.CI fl 3 ^*.3 O a.'O a -43 rt Cl 3 03 o 03 'Sog °Snsi ® co «- a a ,^*3 ® o © D 2g 0) >5 2 5 .52 si ON® _ I CA Sop ,05 C3 l - u, i-* 1 2 o ?5 . 3m&coo M o 8 GQ^glS pa£I! 31 Table 2. — Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and ultimate or basic administrative units , by State, 1947-48 GO ADMINISTRATIVE STAFFS tG Ultimate or basic units Clerical assistants td ENNL 4^ URV] 5 EY § OF El ^ ©1 00 i 05 • DU £ c :at CO IC )N, SSI 19 05 46-48 *0 1 Tf< 1 W3 i » 3,355 1, 556 600 1,199 527 © ©1 i© i CO wo rH 1 rH CO 1 1 1 1 Superin¬ tendents fessional staffs 18,473 g CO HHlQgON 2, 063 N00 05 4,757 337 224 2,810 631 755 3,001 414 869 663 158 287 307 303 Total CD 05 CO r» r*» eo 2,107 CO 00 CO IN TjH CO 7, 396 1,777 2, 140 3, 479 9,659 1 05 i-H i© (NOOOCOO 05 *01 N CON CO 3, 179 414 1, 047 663 158 287 307 303 Intermediate units W 11 Part- time N CO IO iO s CO u- g CO ! ' rJH i i 1 i i > CD CO a 736 CO R i l l 330 1 O MO 1 CO rH ICO 00 0*0 * O as ;& i i i 1,644 495 684 • wo I CO 1 1 1 1 State boards or commissions of education, including vocational Clerical assist¬ ants 1 co N CO 1 1 1 1 H pH pH 3 WMOONNOOl | Total N CO QO § O 00 l> O O O) N- CO 23 S S | 1© C© pH GO N- CO ^ CO 05 05 STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States _ New England _ Maine New Hampshire _ - - V ermont _ Massachusetts - Khode island _ _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic _ New York New Jersey _ Pennsylvania . . East North Central. ._ Ohio _ Indiana _ _ _ Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin West North Central.. Minnesota _ Iowa . . . -LVJLJLOGUUA 1 - North Dakota.. _ . ©uum ua&vitt, _ Nebraska. . _ ... Kansas _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 IC^-^ CD ( CM rH CO i-H CM •®88i53 :sa as;1 iOOMOHOO ) O 00 CO *o CO « CM r-< CM TJ1 ,-H I 05 Is* ) fO >H I CO CM CO CO to c ^ r-H OC COHN( uo CO O) 00 l>- CO *0 fc OCJNHOOiiOO^ OiOcONOW^OON C0i-H^»O»OC0CM^ hOCJOO oo co 05 r- NiHCOCO O CM IO CM Tf CO O H to co t>- co IO CO IO »C M (N CO rH cgt^osoor-ooio CM CM CM to T-H CM S8> S CO ^ 00 CO O 00 IO CO CO CO CO ^ CO 00 38 ICCOO^JOOOOO^O COO ONO'tNCO I-H CO CM O O O CO OiiONOi co tn ^ co CMOOTf COO o ^ §888 rt< ^ CM 00 *0 CO CO CM co oo Tf ^ IO oo o o o »o IOCOCONOOOO • CO»OOJOOO '§3' WiOCOW^TfOO j la :o ©T) O S§S-2>°O.g,0a g>2 Q2Q>££§o5 >> ® « % 2 -a 3 © gw ®«5a (- o M « •9 T? 5 03 ] 03 | g _J E ae^gjl j |§| ssMUHI s % isoo O a 2* u ««Q0 ft-O £g 3 © « :3 ° M gu “2 tf « 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mountain.. . . . .. 290 116 12 16 140 5 1 Montana... . . . 65 23 7 35 Idaho.. .. .. 23 10 13 Wyoming _ _ . .. 39 17 17 5 Colorado _ 30 11 19 New Mexico 41 20 3 18 Arizona _ _ .. _ 20 7 1 11 1 Utah . 52 21 12 19 Nevada _ 20 7 5 8 Pacific . . 873 383 490 Washington. _ ... .. 50 22 28 Oregon _ _ _ 58 22 36 California _ _ _ 765 339 426 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ . .. 8 3 5 American Samoa. . 2 2 Canal Zone.. . . .. _ _ 11 5 6 Guam _ _ _ . _ 5 5 Hawaii _ 110 40 70 Puerto Rico _ _ _ . 386 80 155 139 12 1 Full-time only. * Statistics, 1945-46. Table 5. — Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , 1947-48 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 46-48 <1 z « <1 iCjBpuooag ® N GO lO 1 Ol 07 04 CO i rH GO 1 to 1 1 00 i i T*H i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l Aiequauraig 07 i 00 t>- • ooo 1 CO to . O i i 00 1 1 CO 1 1 < smaqi paqnqiiq -sipun Smpnpux ‘qeqox OO ® CO 567 co oi 1 04 in CO ^ ^ l r-H CO 00 04 of 1 to CO 1 CO to 1 00 CO | i i i i i Teachers Secondary U9UI0AV 183,481 10, 868 ^10010 10 05 HH05NN05 07 O CO CO o H to" r-T 04" 34,457 14,795 5, 526 14, 136 33, 537 OOHt^OOCO CO CO CO O CO ^COCOOH crTto tCiCcd' 20, 439) 4,308 4, 945 3, 822 860 837 uoiat CO GO to Oi w N 7,487 848 504 233 3, 875 640 1,387 26,719 12,642 4, 196 9,881 00 04 O 00 CO 04 00 C7 05 TJH 07 04 00 -^co toco" 12,206 CO T* CO CO 07 N- O O CO O O O ^ CO CO cocfef i^qox 305, 739 18, 355 1,762 1,119 623 9, 550 1,715 3, 586 61, 176 27, 437 9, 722 24, 017 61,688 OOOJNO^ to to O O co 07 00 rH CO in' 07" Ttj" co ccT 32, 645 rH 07 tO CO CO 00 ^ 04 C4 TJH CO 07 C4 to TJH t>COCOrH"rH" Elementary UOTUOAi CO w to »o OO 1 CO 04 1 ^(NOOCOOKN tF 07 OO 04 iO 07 o to CO H 00 o TtT r-T t-T 04" r-T CO 88, 004 42, 790 15, 111 30, 103 91,395 00 04 0 04 CO Tf 07 04 co co to CO CO ho’* c£TcT04" 04 tH 04 04 tH 66, 003 11, 370 13, 841 14, 974 4, 230 4,930 U9J\[ eo 39, 655 CO rtt rHNCOT^(NCO HN’tHlOH CO CO CO 8, 178 4, 798 1,068 2, 312 7,557 1,957 1,574 2, 630 89 1, 307 3, 861 305 112 1, 723 632 350 TO<>x o* ©7 co ©7 to to 28, 811 4, 355 1,669 1,731 12, 737 1,911 6,408 96, 182 47, 588 16, 179 32, 415 98, 952 23, 405 12, 266 29, 200 20, 411 13, 670 69, 864 11, 675 13, 953 16, 697 4, 862 5, 280 Total ugraoAi - to CO r» GO ©7 CO 38, 266 OONOOOO^rH ICO NOCOO 0(N0N0 CO 00 O 07 CO • OOCONiOH l 00 T-t CO 5, 168 2, 988 844 1,336 7, 053 1,230 1,471 2, 230 1,651 471 3, 763 O H 00 07 IN CO 07 CO TfH £ Supervisors jSjepuooog to 04^10 04 07 O 04 rH CO TtH 1 CO | 1 10 is i i 30 220 23 iSjequouioia CO ^ H H ^ CO CO to l i 1 200 1, 194 62 04 04 04 cO In In CO suraqi poqnqijqsipun 3uipn[bui ‘[eqox co 9, 191 905 CONOCO O Tf O00N07 i-H to 2, 012 i—i co oo 00 07 CO CO 00 2,331 rt1 GO N* 04 1 tO rH 07 CO l 04 CO CO 1 CO 00 00 07 07 07 to S^s [euoiq.onjq.sui peqox N 907,013 49, 777 NOOCOOON CO 07 lO 00 CO CO of of co" CO © 04 rH 164, 538 78, 794 27, 138 58, 606 170,024 42, 847 23, 914 47, 234 35, 524 20, 505 107, 155 19, 538 22, 465 23, 365 6, 388 6, 950 i a k. o “*3 o H > 3 g ,2 ® ® S « 5 § « ® S oSSISis Z w O I 2 .9 £ 5 «s £ c3 W 4-3^ III Nebn STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 Z6I 09 ZH If- to 1 i 183 1, 071 05 1 1 1 05 1 If CM i i i rt< i i : i : i I CO 1 1 05 Tt< CO i 05 * 1 » • pH i pH 1 i • i CO II CO i i O 00 ' « CM i i tO to 1 1 1 00 • 1 CM i i i 00 • i iii ii ! Mil 1 1 1 1 1,350 OhOOcDh i i CO lO C o CD H H | 1 CM pH itfl CM pH 1 IH 1 1 172 o . CM i CO 096 ‘I 05 o IrHl O O 1 05 CM r-H i tO 437 1 1 1 N- CO 1 to i i i CO ^ i 1 1 1 CM rH l i iii CO 168 19 2,004 3, 663 28,029 476 2, 759 1, 196 4, 434 1 3, 317 4,117 2, 956 4, 167 4,607 15,061 3,181 3, 439 5,588 2, 853 19,819 2, 924 2, 646 3,606 10, 643 6,108 CD CO N- O CO CO ^ CM c 00 CM 00 O CO ^ to to Ci ONTf05NtO00H p i— r ti O CM ^ II O pH 05 tO H 00 co CO II O cm" ph" o" I to CO 856 2,398 1,241 2, 210 13, 297 PDC005NCDNW>00 NCDOCDO^COiOCD COtF^cOcOOOCM^OO t— T rH i-T rH PH of rH 7,341 1,878 1,752 2,282 1,429 9, 852 1,573 1,207 1,719 5, 353 5, 505 CO 05 CO N- O CM c N- CO 1-H pH CO CO CM Tf< C CO CO CO CO N- CM r-H t § II - CO CM pH h CM"rH oo" to CO 397 1, 038 3, 245 5,873 41, 326 849 4, 222 1,695 6, 101 4, 923 5, 959 4,188 6, 922 6, 467 22, 402 5,059 5, 191 7,870 4, 282 29, 671 4, 497 3, 853 5, 325 15, 996 11,613 1,359 1,392 804 3, 214 1,196 1,280 2, 074 294 0 o 05 || 0 co CO co O 1 — 1 05 t — 1 1 D to" cm" 00 ^ - || I 1,253 3,436 8,282 8, 376 79, 820 862 5, 172 1,568 11, 144 i 8, 538 17, 934 10, 826 15, 221 8, 555 1 CM 11, 289 13, 601 12, 353 10, 184 53,621 7, 295 9, 773 9, 361 27, 192 20, 422 O 00 CO r-H 00 CO CM T N rH CM 05 to CM CM rH c OCOCOOtONCON i- co" cm" r-T to" cm" cm" cm" p £ || H C-l rH ■T io" oo H « II CM CO 1,586 4, 470 00 pH CM pH CO Tf< 3, 804 50 346 66 287 i 220 1,323 711 557 244 4, 854 i-H CO O CO ^ CO Tf »0 05 rji 05 4,499 806 509 1,364 1,820 8 cm" C0 05NC0TjHTf ON C pH CO X CO CO 05 CO N 0 CO CM CO ^ CO C c T5 TfOtO || 0 O CM co 0 CO 00 0 pT|| 00 129 668 8,610 8,787 83,624 912 5, 518 1,634 11,431 8, 758 19, 257 11, 537 15, 778 8, 799 52, 281 12, 820 15,547 12, 783 11,131 58,120 8, 101 10,282 10,725 29,012 CM CM 30 Sf ICONONCMOt^O 0 GO 00 i-H iO CM CM tO CO 0 COtON^OWCON C I co" cm" ph" to" co" co" cm" t •art, AO o 8,031 5, 614 30, 638 051 1,715 5, 138 10,286 12, 039 107, 849 OOrH^QOtOrHCMOOCM 1 CO CO CO N 1C »o 00 CO CD CO O) N lO X^O N CO H rfi^T cm" to" ^ of co" of ro" 62, 488 14, 470 17,040 17, 941 13,037 73, 440 10, 219 12,419 12, 967 37, 835 8 cOhOhhOjoO^ t tO ^ rH 05 CM CD N- CO tz O r-H 05 CO CM i-H GO C co" co" cm" co" co" co" CO Ci u OU, OOt 10, 044 6, 886 i 39,427 340 05 2,442 6, 868 1,569 2, 621 17, 101 423 1,809 565 1,954 i 1, 826 3, 165 1,943 3,312 2,104 12, 195 05 00 CM CO 1 OOiHN Tf CO CO I CO CO CM" CM* 14, 351 2, 379 1,716 3,083 7,173 to r 05 986 938 404 1,680 897 1,231 1, 550 219 8 S|| II | r C OrHOf S3 526 1,706 11,855 14, 660 II CM S§o5cooo2cno§ I r^r^cotococMr^r^cM p-T of C»f C iTji ^ CO pH CO CO 1 CM i i 251 O 84 1,108 35 209 86 1,444 497 85 284 160 i i CM O i i i co pH CM to 00 IN 05 CO CO pH CO 1 pH rH CO pH 1 1 440 to 200 1,630 6,981 NHHNOOHONTf< 1 NNCOOOIOX^N ^HOiOO^fHCOO 1,368 632 | tO CM 5, 365 »OCONO CM N» N- 05 CO 05 to rf r-T cf o CM N» 05 N» 00 pH c COCO^OOCOO^ I' pH CM CO CM pH T D pH CO CO O - 05 ^ CO rH h CO CO pH to O 00 ■ TP pH i pH i si'l II 7 66 34 CO CO i i i ICO l ^ CO l i 1 1 CO CM 1 1 1 Mil 00 to ! | 00 CM CO 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 CSOH i i i | 1 i I 00 8 ; 1 1 1 CO [ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pH 1 CM to 1 CM 1 pH 1 CO to 1 pH 1 1 1 l • i l l 1 ■ || l III . Ill 1 1,1 ! III 1 1 1 l || CO 1 1 1 Tt< 1 I ° ! 955 ‘OOONO i • 1 05 CD 1 CO JO o 1 j 1 JO 00 220 i-H lO 1 l> CO 401 Tt< 05 to CO cm co co 00 CO CO N- i CO 00 05 CM C£ HH 1 05 N to pH c 5 CO ^ 05 || H S 2 00 CM 00 i CM CO > I 12, 159 16, 290 132, 886 00O5l^"^O5t^lOi-HCO 1 CDWCOOOh OOOl OOCO»CN»0 0 05 01h rf O CO of to CO tO co" CD 1 r-H HHOiHOiH 1 76, 271 18, 625 20, 738 21, 248 15, 660 93, 557 12, 947 15, 247 17, 702 47, 661 co" CO 4, 742 4,232 2,595 8, 920 4, 698 4, 785 4, 975 1,136 14, 039 9,311 53, 372 459 105 306 212 3, 130 9, 060 170 X) a 3 o O 'G o •pi •asp 5 St 3|£OSJ § -3,^55 ’3<322.£3*rQ 1 Number of men and women estimated. 3 Statistics, 1948-49. 2 Distribution between elementary and secondary estimated. * Statistics, 1946-47. Table 6.— Number of health, transportation, and custodial employees in public schools, by State, 1947-48 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Other Part- time eo N N l l 1 1 1 m o m 00 215 1 N- i to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 i i CD i i ii ii II ii ii ii ii ii II ^ l 1 1 II III II III II ill ii ill i • ill Full¬ time N W 3,471 • 1 D • ^ i 343 1 ^ l I i 0 1 l l l l l 1 1 1 l l 1 0 i CD i < i i i i i i i i i CM I N ICO • i to I i 00 i ii i I i i i I I i i Carpenters, painters, etc. Part- time N 1,164 i I C 1 1 r D i co to ^ rH 1 N- .1 1 1 1 2 71 i CD i i i t> i i i to i i i CM 00 i i i ICO N» 1 1 1 i ill i ill i ill Full¬ time o e* 896 ‘f l 1 1 1 O i to os o OS Tf< tO ^ N- ^ 1 T* IS 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 O CD CM CO i 1 : i : i i i i i i rH O H 1 1 1 O os os i i i to CM III I i I i i i Janitors, engineers, etc. Part- time a s 11,571 rH Tt< It CD CO It CO N- I 1 00 168 832 2,466 650 i CO IS i ^ CM l to to I N* l 00 to i i j ; ! cm" ! is i CM CM CO CO i i Full¬ time ao 59,983 272 161 3, 070 718 3,981 6,696 4, 250 3, 390 6, 839 4, 415 158 985 842 1.259 1,917 2.259 1,497 1, 172 1, 254 1, 196 1,229 1 738 Cafeteria and lunch¬ room employees Part- time 1,675 149 1 1 CO H ! ! 00 3 i 00 1 i os i i OS i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 N- 1 N- 1 CM i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i Full¬ time CD 13,543 00 n- t i !>• 1 ICO I i i CO i 1 CD i ii I ICO I II 1 l r-T 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 TJ4 1 of 2, 167 • i CM i CO 1 1 1 1 Tf 1 i l i to 1 i i i CD 1 i l I - i i i iCM i i i i 3, 292 Transpor¬ tation employees Part- ime US QO <30 i i i i N i to i 00 i H 1 CO 1 CO O 1 D i i i-HO i 1 N- 1 to ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 168 . 1 00 CD IH i 00 OS I t>. i to i iH l l I t 1 HJ4 | | 8 ; j Full¬ time 46,358 ! i i i i CDN i C o ICOH CD OS It i OS i t l l t § 2 oo §S !f^ O CO to to O 1 rH o" ih cm" of CO i to CM IN i OS CM i to 1 rH CO 1 O ! CM' r-T ! iH 1,867 1, 169 1,499 2, 132 3, 315 Recrea¬ tional workers Part- time eo 996 i i i i i i i i 1 os 1 1 1 30 279 580 35 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i O i i 1 to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 00 1 1 II II II II Full¬ time N 00 US 00 i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o CM 00 1-1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i CM i ^ i to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i 1 i O i i i OS i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 l rH CO l 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 I Nurses Part- time 3 o eo CD § i CO to i CO i to 1 360 1 CM i ® l rH CD 1 1 1 1 rH 00 1 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 a*- : i i i i i i i i Full¬ time O 1,404 1 1 1 1 1 1 445 OS i ^ 1 1 i i i>» 1 (NtNNCDCO i i cm co co cd to i i i i i i to CM CM CD 1 rH CM CM Dental hygienists Part- time OS 1 N- o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i iii i iii i iii i iii Full¬ time <30 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l 18 127 i i i i i i i i CD i i i i i i i I i i i i I i i i i iii i iii i iii Dentists Part- time r* OS eo N CO CD CD HHCO OS OS 1 M iS j 1 174 i i CM i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii rH l rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Full¬ time CD - to i i 1 l 1 l i N- 1 rH CD | 1 l i CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i rjH tH i i i i i i i i i i i 1 rH III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III Physicians Part- time US 2,617 00 ^ 00 N- 00 CM US CD to 683 582 • Os i 1 CO 127 : i i i i i i i i i O CD i 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • ^ 00 CO I I i i Full¬ time h* ao g i 1 1 1 I i 47 163 to i cm i 1 CO rH 1 1 l i to O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i co CD to i I i I i 1 I 1 i i i Total Part- time *s us ao us CM 648 1,405 1,204 260 17 2, 763 6, 296 730 2,256 301 1 tO H i CM to i CM 00 I i 1 ^ CD » r- 1 rH OS IN 1 ^ 00 lr ! r-T CM* ! ■» 1 o CM 00 O rH - i 00 CO ^ H i to CD CO CO I Full¬ time 131, 178 SHO^O) COCO OOOH 03 O lONCOrHOOO'iOJN C3 03 0 10 03 MC4000M NOMO (MO (M CO 00 00 «<3 (M b- 05 CO 05 03 W b- oo' _r iocT tjT ai of b-T io'co i-T coVo cfos'bfM of of -if [ississippi. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 OCO ^ 00 O CO o § CO S8 88 a 05 •*!< » O CO O CO O* CO 00 00 o o Tf 1-1 Tf< hnnV S3 8 CO CO CO 05 Oj ' *0 05 -«f i-H I CO CO l CO : H ed c4 c4 H ed HNHMHH 05 05 05 05 05 05 i-H 05 1-H I— 1 I-l 05 I-H 1— 1 i-H NHHHHHHHH 1945-46 16.6 00 00 1-H 00 00 00 03 C OCO COOOOOOOO if i-H O i-H to Tf CO HNMOOHOCOO >o od os cd cd dodo ed ed od 03 os H od id id os" os H cdididooedooi-n© HH HHH (M I— 1 (M NIMHHH 1-H HH i-H HHH 05 t-H i-H i-H i-H 1943-44 a eo r-H 00 CO 05 if ®OH ONIOH’’# t'- 03 03 05 00 05 05 0 CO CO CO O 1—1 03 03 UO eojdt^oo^jo tjdo ^ ^ £h “swSoiocooioiood 1941-42 o eo CM i-H O CO if O i-l 05 00 O 03 00 05 CO O 00 O lO H 05 uo i-l O- CO 05 05 03 05 CO Hf od H 05 os od cd H © id 03 03 oi cd 05 00 cd H i-h 03' H os' oi cd id od os' H id H H r- iNHHr ( H CM CM CM CM CM CM CM CM HHlMOlHHH 1939-40 05 CM CM CM 19.1 20.6 11.7 18.8 19.2 16.5 20.9 19.6 26.3 29.2 30.3 23.7 22.5 21.6 18.0 14.2 26.1 23.5 21.2 15.3 20.3 21.1 19.2 15.0 17.1 26.9 16.0 17.6 17.9 15.5 1929-30 QO 16.6 05 CO CO t-- 00 i-H O O if OCOOCOCO 03 05 00 O 00 i-H N COOS M 03 0 00 03 «5 H o4 oo H i-H os' cd 05' © id os' c-i id 05’ 06 00 cd id 0 06 cd H i-i H od cd H cd cd 1-H T-l i-H i-H 1-H i-H i-H 05 05 i-H rH i-H i-H HHHHH HHHH05HHHH 1919-20 14.1 iOCOI>COOOCO CONOCO 00501005 00 CM CM CO lO CO rH 00 *0 05 05 I>- 00 I>» rH 00 odo6co’ooi>t> o o cd oo co jo t-h od oo od o c4 o cm 2 2 25* ^h 1909-10 CO CM 05 1-H 03 1-H 03 05 t^COCO HNIOOOO O 00 if if CO 03 O NH10 03010H1CN i-it^odosoocd i— i oi 05 i-HidooHi-i oi oi cd t-i cd i—i od cdt^i-iosododcdHid i-H i-H i-H 05 CO CO 1-H 1-H 1-H i-H NrtHHH i-H i-l r-H rH 05 05 05 05 1899-1900 29.9 •^1 03 CO 00 lO O 03 03 0 1*1 05 TP CO if if 05 CO 00 ^ 00 C- MNHiOOHJHOOOl cd od cd od os oi H 05 05 © cd cd © od oi i>: i>: od H i-i oi idi-Hcdi-Ht^oicdHcd 1-H 1-H _ 1-H 1-H CO ->C1 05 05 1-H 1-H r-H CO 05 05 05 CO 05 05 1-H CO lO Hfi -^1 CO 1889-90 U5 CO OOOOOOO^ 05 CM HHIOCOOO OSCD^COOHOO OOOO^O^HCDCOO cd o> cm’ o>* cm* cd cd od cd r4 cm’ cm’ 05* cd o od a> o t-h* cd h cd oi o* cd od rH i-H rH rH H H CO Tf *0 CO CM rH CM CM ^ CM CM CM ^ CO CM H T}i CO lO lO ^ 1879-80 eo GO CM 05 00 00 05 05 00 0>0»0 0010 5^05 03 03 CO i-H 00 t> i-H CO CO 00 00 05 CO »0 05 SO c-i cd cd cd © 05' cdooid J^t^os'os'oo id ed od o cdid cd05t>Hidi-HO3'idi-H 05 i— t i-H H 05 05 05 05 if if >0 CO 05 05 05 CO iO if if if ->f CO t> t- >0 ® © So N 41.0 ^O^ON^H 05 10 00 CMiOUOCOOO NOWN 05 CM id cd cm o cm cm’ cm’ cm’ cd © cd cd od cd 05’ id ^ rH 05’ id od ^ 05’ cd cm* i-h* »d CM H H H CM CM CM CO ^ TtHCO^CMCM CO CO CO CM ^iO ^ CM ^ CO l>- CO 1> CO STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States nTew England: Maine _ _ ...... New Hampshire _ . . . . Vermont _ ... _. _ ... Massachusetts _ ... ... _ Rhode Island _ _ Connecticut _ _ _ _ Middle Atlantic: New York _ _ . .. New Jersey _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ Cast North Central: Ohio _ _ _ Indiana _ . . .... .... Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ _ . . .. Vest North Central: Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ Iowa _ _ _ _ Missouri. _ _ .. North Dakota _ _ . _ _ _ _ South Dakota _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ South Atlantic: Delaware . . . . . . Maryland _ _ _ _ District of Columbia _ Virginia _ _ _ _ _ _ West Virginia _ _ _ North Carolina _ _ _ South Carolina _ _ Georgia _ .... _ _ _ Florida _ ... STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 HOOHT^ OJHtNOJ OOOHTtCO^OOlN oi^co^i «3c4S-«j 222 OIO^OO CD 00 - ^ CO CD 2 g§£^'22££2 £28 CO cococooot^ £ 8S233 1 s J Hill ill © ^ © t^© g£ £££ ££ £2: 232 £2 22 £ Table 8 . — Number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State, for specified years 4 00 3 © w BIE 3 05 CO W N3S3 8 ocf cm IAL SUR\ CMCOONNN 00 Tf O CM CD CD OHCOOOON rf oo © cf Tf" tf ID CD ID 05 05 iD rH id CM T'E'i CD O' CD O OF O 05 CD cm" o" Ttf CM CO rH 05 CD ID ED 00 ID CM CD S UCATIOIs CO 00 »D ID rH CO CD t*< 05 05 CM CM o th"oo r>foo"cf id ID CO 05 05 rH CD rH 05 TjH r, : 3 00 Tf" ID CO cm" 1946-48 CD 05 05 O ID ID CM 05 ID CM rH CM rH HTf NCDiDiDOO o Tf" co" cm" Tf" io"co" 00 CD CM rH rH CM CO Tf Tf CD rH rH CM CO 8 00 Tf 00 co" 43, 523 302, 416 97, 514 560, 975 CD T IO Tf 05 cm 05 of 05 N sf 00 00 05 OWNCDCDO O t» 05 CO Tf CO 05 05 05 05 CO id" © CM" © Tf" cf Tf CD iD 00 05 id rH ID CM CO 8 o" o rH 00 CD ^ rH th" id" co" 00 rH rH 00 CD ID CM CM 00 CO Tt< CD CD IH CD O CM O CM ID ID CD l> CD CO 00 CD uf CCf Ttf rH Tt< rH Tt^ 00 rH CD rH 05 Tf oo s Tf" Tf CO cm" DOOiDHHNN CO CO CO 05 CO Tf CM ID ID CM ID 00 H CD CM" Cf ID" Tf" co" o" tf CD CD CM rH rH CO CO Tf Tf CD rH H CM CO t^ 8 cm" t^ CO §0 05 00 CO cot- 05 Tf I Tf 05 - CD CD CD* CD N eo N Tf cm o cf Tf CM Tf Tf 05 id CD CD CM Tf 05 05 CO CM iD Tf © © <© Tf 00 ©* id" tf © iD* r^CDOHDiO i-l CD CM 05 rX) CM 00 CO ^f CM CM ID CD CD CD O CO 00 CO CO S 05 CD ID TtH r>- Ttf CM •^f O 00 rH 05 CD CO CO CM 00 05 CD 00 05 ID Iff Ttf Ttf 00 O rH Tf CM 05 05 HCDHOO^ § ccf CD CO cm" CM rH 00 Tf oo 05 00 CD Tf rH o rH 00 00 t> 00 Tf co ID Tf Cf Of th" tf CD tf CM" CD *D CO rH rH CO Tf Tf Tf CD rH rH CM CO CM © © ©" © co CM t^ t^ 00 rf CM" CM" Tf" TfQOOg CM I Tf 05 o eo r* N CD *D CM ID 00 O CM CO HiOH^CDOO CDHHhrf O O »D ID 05 05 00 00 CM" O CD uf CD ONOiOOCD rH CD H CM 8 CD of s ^f CO 00 CM 05 CM Tf rH CD 00 CD"oo"rtf CM t- CO HCDN CM" th" CO t> CO T^ Ttf O 00 O ID o CDHNOCO HHNCMrt ; ^f Of *D Ttf CO" CD CD 05 rH 05 rH CD rH 05 Tf 8 CD id" CD ID cm" CD Tf 05 CO O Tf CM CM CO t*» O CO 05 rH O D N CM CD H 00 tf o" Tf" co" of tf cm" 05 05 05 CO CM ID CD Tf Tf CD rH rH CM CO 00 00 Tf" IO 00 co" iDTf ©t^ ONWN ID © ID CO cm" © ©" ©" Tf GO © ID CM ID o 1 1 © w s eo 3 *D N CD Tf oT 05 CO ONHiOHN Tf 05 H O CD CO CD CD 05 CO t— I O co" id" Tf" cf Tf" rf CD CD O H 00 rH rH CM CD 05 ^f 00 ID W ^-"cd'th" CM rH ID CM 00 CM" i-f 8 cf CD Hjf 8S&88 05 CO 00 TH oo C*f 1-f oo" cf iff w eo ^ oi 8 ID iD id" Tf CD cm" Tf H o CD !>• 00 05 CM 00 Tf CM Tf 00 Tf CM Tf CD rH Tf rH CO cm" co" O cf CD ccf ccf HOO^CONN IDIDNHHCMCO 8 00 8 © co" © ID © rH SS53S Tf"tf © 00 ^00 05 0 CM 05 GO iD 1 s oo r» CD If© N o cm CO CM" C5 Tf iO O CD CM ^ CO iOTf N05010 Tf CM © Tf Tf Tf%f" id" Of 00 Of lONCDiOHH rH rH CO 05 S 00 05 CM CO rH CO r-T CM" t>." rH t>- 05 CM" rH CD CM ID iff 00 Tt< CD 05 00 CM CO O CM CM CD CO 05 ID O l> l>f Iff cf Ttf cd 05 cd CM CD CO 05 ID CM ID co" iD 00 cm" rH id CO t» Tf CD CD Tt iDNNCMHCD t> CD O CM CD CM H rf Tf' CD of id" id" rf ID ID ID CD CD CM CO ID »D CD rH rH CO Tf 8 id" ID t^ co" © © ID © © ID © ID CO Tf © © cm" tf cf cm" Tf t-00© CM ID 8 8 05 r» CD eo GO N cm CM of Tf CM rH ID ID CD H CO 00 O 00 00 O CD CD CM r>. ID id Tf tf ^ rf ttf co" H CO CD CD CM 05 CD rH CD CM o o Iff S3 05 co" H 005 T* 00 ID 00 ^ of Ttf o" rH 05 rH ID CD 8 TtH 00 co" CO 00 O Tf CO cd oo cd Tf CD CM ID CD CM cf CD 1>T r-f Iff CM CD CM 05 CD O »D H CD Tf o s Tf" CM !>• cm" NHCOCOIDHO 05 CM 00 00 ID CM 00 ID ID Tf CM 05 00 00 co" Tf" cm" oo" ccf rf cd" OHNCOTf HO id ID CD H H CO Tf cm" GO CM co" CO 00 00 © 00 1H © © Tf ©CM rH ocf rf Iff icf w^§ o ck 1 CD N 1® OO co oo 00 Tf 00 o 00 CM ID 05 rH CO t-- t^ rH CD CD O CM 05 CD 00 O CO rtf co" CO" id" Cf O" Tf CD CD CO 00 © CO id" CO co" 05 ID CD 05 CD 05 l> 05 cm" of cm" CM CM 00 Tj-1 Tf CM 1 oo" r- CO ©cf 005NHH 00 ID 00 O H O Tf CD iD CO C§ CO O Tf CD 00 ID O ID Tf Jg 05 ccf 8 cm" CO H rH CM CO ID CD 00 CD CO O ID Tf OCDOOOCMCON o cf tf of ccf rf ocf Tf rH o CO CM 00 05 Tf IDNHHCMCO 8 CO co" ID cm" © CO Tf © ID © © ©COt^rH id" ocf id" cm" CO CO ID © o 8 2 05 00 »D o to ID 8 05 of io 05 2 00 SS CO CM 05 CD 05 00 CM CM cf Iff id" Ttf Iff CO © © t'- © ID rH Tf rH 05 CM o Ttf 8 cm" Tt< ID O !>■ !>■ GO ID ID 00 of CM" th" O CM ID CM CO rH ID o o ccf o CO ccf ONHiDCM CD O rH 00 Tf rH 00 05 05 rH Of Ttf OO* Tf" Iff CM CD ID O Tf 00 »D 05 ID Tf 8 ID of 8 cm" t- CO t- CD CM t^ CM 8838888 of cd" of tf oo" oo" of 05 CD rH t*» 05 00 00 CO ID CM CO ID © cm" 00 cm" ID CO © ID © rH © 00 CO ID ID © CM"©*cf CO CM Tf t''. CM CO 8 8 00 oo - eo CD sC r» N 00 CD 00 Iff 00 CD CO 00 CM Tf ID NH005NO CD GO CD ^ t*» ID of of id" r-f cm" ccf CO ID CD ID CM rH CO rH rfi ID 8 CM cm" O CM CM CD CM rH O ID CM" Ttf o ^ CO CM O CM o 00 ID CD 00 cm" 05 ID 05 CM CO 00 ID rH CO CM COCOON r^fcM"oo r>Tr-f 05 rH CM ID t^iDt^^CO 05 l>f Tf cm" O Tf CO CO O CM CD CD rH Tf Tf o CM 05 CM CO ID O CO CO cf co" cf id" oo cf of 00 05 CM CO t*» Tf 05 CM Tf CD CM CO © 9 id" GO t^ Tf rH © © CO ID © © Tf CM © CM rf Tf" © CM" CO 00 CO Tf rH CO o 8 00 eo ID S CD GO of Jo 8 t- rH 00 t- Tf Tf CM ^ CM O 05 00 CO CO CD CD of Tf" id" CD O of TjH CD O ^ rH rH CO rH rfH CD 00 co" cm" CO rH o 05 CD rH ID 05 CO rf Ttf t>f CO O CO O CM 05 CD 88 cm" 05 CO rH CD 05 00 Tf ID ID Tf CM O ID Tf of th" Tf" cm" of CM rH o CD 05 ID l> CO CM CM 05 05 cd" CM Tf 00 t» CD 00 05 Tf Tf ID 00 rH Tf CO CM © 05 t*- *D Tf ©" cd" cm" co" C" cm" rf 00^^^^© C^ 00 cm" Tf CM CO rH © © CM CO CO CO oo Tf Tf CM~© rH CM 8 00 N N S CD ID tf 8 ON^HOOO O ID 00 CD o 00 CD 05 CO CD O »D cm" th" id" co" rjf co" DNCONCOH ID cm" o cm" OO^ 00 of Ttf CM CD CO O rH 00 8 S CO cm" CM CD iD ID 00 CD 00 COONTtN 28888 N ^ CD CN CM eg 05 CD cf 8 COOOO© go co cd cp t- 05 © © © CM t~ CO" rf ©" rf CO ©" rH Tf CO wCM 00 rH COCO © © CO* 8 8S8fegg © © rH © 82 S3 rH rH STATE, BY REGION - i •a i « £ ! c : & : « ! 1 j z « .S-w S“ i i i i i i i i iii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iii > i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i iii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iii 1 i i i i i i 1 III 1 i i i i i i_3 i i i i I i l 1 I'D' i i i i i i i i iii H i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iii iiiii -a iiiiiii i '• • 2 » i i u i ' i i y iii f* iiiii cd i i i i i i i i i i p i i ii '4iJ i i ii s iiiii ° i • ,;ii i i | • jg i § i|Jo-Sl a -a a g S i i ijj § i L!3«g ■ I J'g"3 ! 5 ifilll 1 itl 1 Jlifi ! iiiiiii | It H t | gg£ % sllsg a ilsilia § ois> £ S W £ OQ 423,250 848, 271 458, 810 699, 464 407, 605 2, 340, 796 546, 077 628, 439 646, 874 519, 406 2, 581, 233 ST.A ^ © © 83‘ggf ^ o* lTE g c* co~ © SCHOOL S'! ©t^©©I^COt^© © © to © ^ © © ^r^i^co©^©© t-T ir$ io' ©* co~ ©* ©i— iiO»— iCOCS'tFC* »-4 NHHH if SI © © ©~ QC csf 'EMS Sgg © ^ CO ©~ T r-T i-H r-4 © t-H CO 340,974 55,964 63,254 221, 756 142, 850 252, 612 134, 072 236, 533 39,315 992, 361 i 276, 000 300, 217 179, 490 236, 654 379, 614 T i © OO t'- 1 H Pnprt.o Rif»o c r. TZ Si i « : c Si . ■ : | f 1 Estimated. * Included in North Dakota. Table 9. — Population , and number of pupils enrolled in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , 1947-48 [Thousands] 46 Secondary pupils (9th grade- Postgraduate, inclusive) BIE w 3 © NNL o* o N j - U-l 166 cj RVEY OF 05 cd 04 to rH 00 vH CO ED 00 S UCAT 05 to CO NXN 04 04 10* o s J, 1946- NtOOMN xJJ 00 CD CO N- -4? o CO i S8KSSS3! j Boys e* 04 to CD 05 CD CD 04 CO T-l l> rH CO 586 291 88 207 569 tO to O CO CD ^ 00 to 04 CD 290 rH CD rH 04 04 ^ CD O N H H CO ^ Total s eo to co to 00 CO CO 00 04 CO 00 CO H H CO 04 CO 1,174 0^0 1> CO tOHTf 1, 170 04 05 O O 00 05 CD rH CD CO 04 rH CO 04 iH 594 P— CO tO N- 05 00 04 tH rh 04 04 CD 00 Elementary pupils (K-8th grade, inclusive) Girls o w CD GO GO 434 tONNOCOOJ 1,401 CM 005 CD 04 rH CD . CD 04 ^ tp 04 oo oo Tfi 04 ^ CO TH 910 CO H N to rJH N OO 00 ^ ^ 00 04 Total r- 18,291 006 ooo^oooo rH to ^ CSj t^05 2,894 1, 352 457 1,085 3,267 O 05 00 04 CD 00 04 CO tO 00 ^ 00 l> CO 1, 761 CO rH 00 CD tO rH CD to to l>- 00 00 CD Tf* CO CO ^ rH 04 Total pupils Girls CD GO CO 009 CO U- to CO t^CO 04 05 ^ 04 05 00 05 04 CO 04 ^ o ^ 05 CO l> 2,177 to CO to Tji 04 1,155 CD 00 CD CD O CO CO 04 O tO to ^ CD Boys tO CO O* 619 N- to 05 05 04 NCCMNO^CO 2,078 05 CO 2,259 00 !>* I> 05 05 00 CO I>- O H"1 to CO to to 04 1,200 ^ N- 00 !>* 00 tO rH TJH CO rH tO tO H 04 04 CO HH Total tO 05 CO O* as 04 04 00 CO H 00 to CO to Gfo 05 tO 4, 068 1, 922 631 1,515 4, 436 1,152 658 1, 137 998 491 2,355 © ^ CO tO CD ^ 00 CD 04 rH rH 04 CO TH ^ CD tH rH 04 CO Estimated 1 population 5-17 years inclusive eo ^ CO to HH 00 rH CO 5, 367 2,473 823 2, 072 5,799 1, 513 791 1,520 1, 296 678 2,788 00 tO O CO O O 04 DON^t^CON to to l> H H 04 CO Estimated 1 population, excluding armed forces overseas July 1, 1948 o* eo c© 9, 156 898 523 363 4,638 745 1,989 29, 476 14, 231 4, 768 10, 478 29, 623 00 05 CO 04 CO CO 00 CD CO 13, 811 2,934 2,612 3, 892 582 611 1, 283 1,895 STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States. ... New England _ _ Maine _ _ .... _ _ New Hampshire _ ... _ Vermont.. _ _ ... ... Massachusetts _ .. _ Rhode Island _ _ _ Connecticut _ _ ... Middle Atlantic _ _ New York.. . .... _ _ New Jersey _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania _ _ East North Central _ Ohio _ _ _ Indiana.. . . ... ... .. _ _ Illinois .. _ Michigan _ _ . _ Wisconsin.. ... _ _ _ West North Central _ _ Minnesota _ ... _ Iowa _ .. Missouri _ . ... North Dakota ... _ South Dakota. . _ _ Nebraska _ _ _ Kansas.. . _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 © 3 05 8 NONO ^OCO^ kO cm 05 f- 00 CM co co »o ^ 00 © COkOt^.COCOC005CO hh CMhhh kO •o CM N^co ^ CO 00 00 CO ONCO^HCO^OCl CMiHkO^t^COCO^ 05 I - HOCOlO Tt< io m co kO CM 10005 00 CO CO ^ co CO £ CUO N H Tt< 05 CO HH CMhhh CO CO CM NHN ^ CO 00 05 co £3§cn2ooo3moo 05 X CO CO P i io Tt* CO CO o NOCOO rH CM CM OOCOH^NOOO CM CO rH io CM CM CO CO kO kO CM rt» 05 CO CO *o ss”Illiss 00 Tji 05 isasi ^ ; cfe 05 OCOOOfN co 00 co 00 »-H r-t 1— ( TJH r^- CO co »CHO00WNH05 CO ^ CM »0 ^ 1C co § CO CM 00 ^ OON »-H kO 8 o o 1ISS CO o OCO Cl N £22S co -~ co N^(NC0 050^0 CO ^ CM 00 kO kO kO rH S3 00 CO 00 05 »O0GO T-t CO CO o CO COCOCMkOCOkOt^OOrH CO^N^COOOOCCl CM ^ CO co CO lO CO CM *' 05 05 CM ^ Tji kQ »C 1C 1C o of 82S383 CO CO CO 05 05 8 COCOCMT^CMOOCOO NCO^COtHOCCM 05 kO CO egg" I i-HOOOOOOOOHt-( C4 i— l i— l i— 1 CO kO cm" ^ Tf CO 05 H ^ CM GO co ■ ' CO oT Islsssisl T 8 CO HC0k0 05HTf H00X05NONO kOkONHkONCOH co kO CO 05 CO CO kO Tf CO CO CM" rH © See footnotes at end of table. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 2 CQ * 0 0 u co I b O "3 e e h c 0) s ,3 w ss’-o ■c « s 2 a.g to |§ A si 1 2 si a s a * & nO g 3 si *3 3 e sf o 3 a £ I Os A 1? Q.+3 3 2 0.3 . ^3 >» <53 <0 53 w 0.0 0'S S'! *2 © 33 O (h 3 > C3 g. 55 I *2 3 §3* w ■O§«om S-S'S’1-1 W ! i-'s s 3&s§~ >» o 3 ( CO GO 00 lONkO CO »0 Is* MOON §!• 'C i—h : m c3 2 k». Sh s JS as| Isa 21 S2 Jg w co Table 10. — Enrollment , by grade , in full-time public day schools, for sj STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1947-48 e* w e* us a> e*s e* 18, 291, 227 5, 653, 305 988, 680 2, 951, 300 2, 363, 477 2, 258,858 2, 183, 171 2, 055, 115 1, 939, 500 1, 897, 740 1, 653, 386 1, 672, 920 1, 502, 743 1,271,645 3 1, 130, 805 75, 192 100.0 HMOS^HCOHOiOJOMMNCO ^ ci o> o> oo oo oio6odt^«5t^td>OT»i * 194.5-46 3 i i 17, 677, 744 5, 622, 197 SllSISlIilll mmmmz r^co*oeo a> oo od od od ^ * 21942-43 00 3 s 3f 18, 033,080 6, 122, 066 664, 915 2, 919, 242 2, 228,945 2, 179, 843 2, 148, 889 2, 101, 723 2, 071, 396 3 2,022, 880 1 fiQ* 947 1,897,750 1,653,586 1,374,470 1, 170, 319 25, 941 ® I t^i-4C^©O5I>CO^©O500t^O5r-H * © oo oo* oo* oo t-* ^ * 1941-42 £ 1 85 18, 174, 668 6, 387, 805 625, 783 2,930, 762 2, 215, 100 2, 175, 245 2, 196, 732 2, 166, 018 3 2, 124, 494 2,060,752 1, 679, 782 1, 927, 040 1, 705, 746 1, 450, 788 1, 273, 141 31, 090 100.0 «aoaoi«iN^oo®aaNH c4 .-j os ori od od od od cd cd >d ' 2 1940-41 - I 1 rf 18, 582, 225 6, 713, 913 613, 213 2, 991, 738 2, 285, 614 2, 263, 315 2, 270, 749 3 9 91 1 985 2, 155, 538 2,099,791 1, 690, 982 2, 034, 316 1, 792, 615 1, 517, 344 1, 322, 641 46, 997 o 1 TfOOOaOOOiOMNHHONN a> od oo oo © © © » 1938-39 I 5 s 19, 290, 136 6,414, 189 600, 841 3, 167, 803 2, 409, 813 3 2. 387. 970 2,362,242 2,295,060 2, 214, 428 2, 140, 420 1,711, 559 1,995,360 1, 718, 297 1, 432, 500 1, 216, 121 51,911 100.0 COCO^COC^O>©COr^OOt^©t>CSl csi ai oi os oo od od co ©' © ^ ’ 1937-38 e*s 25,975, 108 19, 748, 174 6,226,934 607,034 3,317, 144 3 2, 486, 550 O AAA OOI lit, OOI 2, 402, 617 2,342,428 2, 252, 722 2, 173, 173 1, 722, 125 1, 979, 379 1, 669, 281 1, 379, 398 1, 150, 506 48, 370 100.0 cooocoTreoot^'^coeOTrco^iN o> a> a> oo od © <6 © ^ Item - Total enrollment _ Elementary schools . . High schools . . Number in each grade: Kindergarten - First _ _ Second _ J. liJLi U _ Fourth - rum . . Sixth _ Seventh _ _ WirrVl+ll First year high school _ Second year high school - Third vpar high school- _ Fourth year high school _ Postgraduate _ _ Percent in each grade: Total _ Kindergarten _ _ First _ Second _ _ Third _ _ - Fourth _ _ Fifth _ Sixth _ Seventh - Eighth _ First year high school _ Second year high school _ Third year high school . . Fourth year high school _ Postgraduate _ _ 49 1 >» .fi 1 3 I 5 1 I I Table 11.— Enrollment, by grade , in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools by State , 1947-48 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 SECONDARY SCHOOL PUPILS Post¬ grad¬ uate 00 N A® 2,970 00 o Oi *o i 00 CO CO CO 05 1 o i-H i-H CO 1 05 5, 453 4,167 516 770 63, 076 3,015 17, 903 142,099 59 1,589 1,281 42 266 1,097 i Oi 00 1 Hf CO 1 Fourth year 1,130,805 66,733 N»OiOHCO(N COON^fNiO N 05 ^ CO N O co co* of rjT ao" CO i-H 232, 141 108, 877 37, 062 86, 202 240, 295 62, 000 35, 988 63, 959 46, 636 31,712 129, 340 CO Oi e* Oi CO rH CUO (N Cl N AO N o ^ oo ao ao 00 ao" of ao" CO Th" Oi" CM CM T rf" T COHHCOtNCO 1,173,713 570, 078 173, 535 430, 100 1,169,716 291, 831 169, 446 310, 176 259, 942 138, 321 593, 981 Oi Oi t-H Oi Oi Oi CO H O rH CM Th CM Tf O T i>T oT rH i-H 314, 112 141, 746 47, 057 125, 309 354, 654 ^ OCONN CO 00 AO Oi AO TF O^f 00 o' ao* of ao" i>T Oi AO 00 l> CO 199, 772 CO CO Oi "f AO CO • 05 2, 893, 993 1, 352, 006 457, 415 1, 084, 572 3, 266, 542 860, 082 488, 791 827, 092 738, 103 352, 474 1,760,880 353, 329 351, 230 478, 340 85, 620 85, 299 161, 296 245, 766 3, 103, 248 32, 556 246, 118 72, 383 Total N N ©o ao 3 05 eo O* 1, 218, 681 151, 582 68, 143 56, 300 590, 827 94, 062 257, 767 CO o iv co o ^f" 1, 922, 084 630, 950 1, 514, 672 4, 436, 258 1,151,913 658, 237 1, 137, 268 998, 045 490, 795 2, 354, 861 480, 126 464, 499 623, 757 112, 629 114, 510 225, 525 333, 815 8 00 Th 00 co" 43, 523 302, 416 97, 514 STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States. ... .... New England _ Maine _ _ New Hampshire Vermont _ Massachusetts _ _ . _ Rhode Island .... Connecticut _ _ .. .... Middle Atlantic _ New York _ _ _ _ ... New Jersey _ . ... Pennsylvania _ . . . East North Central _ _ Ohio _ Indiana . .. . ._ _ Illinois . ... Michigan _ _ ... .... Wisconsin _ _ _ _ . West North Central _ Minnesota ... . . .. . Iowa.. _ . . . ... Missouri _ _ . _ North Dakota _ _ South Dakota . ... Nebraska . . ... _ Kansas.. .. South Atlantic _ Delaware _ _ __ ... Maryland _ District of Columbia _ 500 337 116 57 521 STATE IHHOS II OO i 05 OO ^ O 1 .-H C OO | NOhhOUOiOCO OSHOO^CDOJCO 125,445 22, 324 14, 963 88, 158 430 426 1 5,648 9, 027 31,837 23, 219 44, 947 19,795 35, 858 24, 141 105,934 24,968 28, 801 31,643 20, 522 142,439 19, 949 19, 808 28, 417 74, 265 55, 115 6,357 7, 821 3, 375 13, 678 6, 709 7, 141 8, 366 1, 668 143,239 25, 365 16, 687 101187 516 472 6, 576 12, 208 38, 754 27, 761 55, 160 24, 056 44, 833 26, 173 129,062 28, 205 37, 627 38, 067 25, 163 165, 580 24, 137 25, 806 32, 076 83, 561 63, 111 0005(MCM05COr- i NOOO^ MOOOOOONN O O CD CD 00 40 00 CD O ££888£ £88 8S?8££ 8§'o38o388 88888S8S8 i* O 00 40 CO CO 05 l>^CO g88 NIOOOH^ 0600^40^ 00 05 00 H o 05 O H MOO^O^OCONN Is CO CM CM CD 00 S88888 0(N(N 8SS3 co^^o^ cS 8 §8 08 8 OiOMfflHTtiN SS8S38S8 oooot>iMeoeot~.-H. CD CM $8S ^ co co *o 58888 COTf (NiHHOIN 85888&8 OOHN(NfN-^CONiO 585588£gg tJH O CM CM 00 40 558885 <0 10 05 rjl, 55888 tOHOMioiocq 58838&S CO © 00 CM CD CO t>» CO CD 8fc88'88§8'8 55 CD !>• O NCUO 8S8 888 lOWOiOOO 8888S CDiO^COO^CD 55555888 (N^hiOCOt(hh»OH 88S85Sij85 OOMNOOtOO HOO'C 855588 5S5 N^CDHOO 85588 883£30g8 00 CD tH 05 ^COCOCOTt? ^ 00 O CO I> CD CD 2J5SSSi5Si lOOMHiHMHHOO SSSSSSSSSSS h NOOOONOO S S3 SPSS'S* l> CO t-H S3S 05 (M 05 CD CO CO J3 JfJ ^HCDCOOOOH SSSS3833S 40CMCMrto oo co ed cd S S S 8 23 CD CD 00 Tjn i-i £ S3 2355 CO 00 fcO 05 CO o 05 sss’s’ss's’s »ON^(NOOOf)COCDCO SS338588S is ^ O CO 05 CO 05 S 3 23 55 55 3 OCDH 8S8 CM CD CO O CM S 8 S 8 S lO TJH t-H 05 05 CD 05 5'8'S5'888 ) O CD CM 05 CO O 40 CD ;SS88'8858 s8 © iO lOCM 40© ssss’ss CD CO »0 sss ■C0.^O5t>- • 05* l> 00 H^OOOHHO 55S'8858 C0t^C3505l^O'^05t^Ot^C0054O00CD SSS88SS88 rH 40 CD CM CM g’SS'SS’S CO H 05 8S8 00 05 05 CM 00 8'8'8'8’8 hnmn »o - CO CD CO ^oooooJSo^ 00 CD CM 40 05 40 r-H r— I CM 333222°’^ ^■| i §, i Illl-dill i S UiU 1 1 fi i Ifillsftl m I elf Ill! STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 00CC<*O5 ONOOHHOION Tt«COH SSSSSB £ste£ steateotetes sigte 50.4 73.8 53.4 56.8 (OrtMO rtHNO N«ffl®0' sste’atestes sste 32.5 © S 74.9 49.9 58.2 iQ CO 40C04040 CO COCDNO»OO^^rHCO 00 CO 00 CO 40 £- 00 i 02 C2 CO CC 02 t- oi »o HO^lO CO 02 o Tf(N020 oo co oTr^~ WCOHIOONHC CO - COH _ COCOOit^^OlOl© joVnw' of aT 40 00 oi oi co OCOH C0NrHT}H(NN02C0C0 NN»Ot^OO004O^ rH CO Ol CO Ol ^ Ol HCOCON 40 40 CO 00 CO CO CO > CO °0 ,•;: .3 ^5 ,3 eh '3«.2d®oSaj<2 § Q^O>^^cgOfe CQ "^2 "C o >>® ■aig-s' 3 " S.22 ■sa-ga ,® 342 a 3 a Q ||o ■9 1 rtfl I O & S-S iztdZZB'z s t^oo .SdS X! O O I :« >d O 03 FT «H ShSoj £ a « 3 ^joWpl, i Elementary and secondary break-down estimated on basis of enrollment. * Pupils counted present when sick. Table 15.— Average daily attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, for specified years [Thousands] 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 1947-48 20,910 680 ‘I ONMHHH Th CO to (N 00 3, 543 1, 628 554 1, 361 3, 929 CD CO 05 1 o to 05 oo 2,026 ^(NNhhOCD 3, 343 00 CD tO U- CO © 00 05 1943-44 ® 19, 603 1, 061 OOOOOOOHN ^iQ^hOOh rH *0 3,499 1,587 540 1, 372 3, 785 1,001 569 951 831 433 1,983 00 CO H o 00 oco 3,131 36 246 78 458 1939-40 o ® w 1, 258 05NOOOO CO to eg o JO 4,222 1, 920 635 1,668 4, 154 1, 122 590 1, 093 862 487 2,309 ^ I> 05 to O CO rH tOCOC5NNHCO tO rH rH O* CO 3,370 05 CO T* CO to 00 05 QO to CD N W 1, 315 00 CO 00 CD CO ^ CO CO O N O N rH COHN 061 ‘f 1, 866 663 1,661 4,260 1, 141 596 1,204 845 473 2,410 to CD 05 05 05 to to CD co to CD lOHHNCO 2,969 CD CD 00 CO CO CO CD to 1919-20 16, 150 810 ‘I CD CO © O CO tO 3, 104 | (M CD CD CD N- CD CO ^ CM 3,112 05NCDH05 OiQiQNCO 00 ^ 05 tO CO 2,101 to CD rH 00 05 CO O 05 O CO N D CO h CO ^ to h . OOIO^JCO^ 2,448 1,123 324 1,001 2, 612 05 rH 05 CO O CD rfi rjn CO CO CO 1,632 CO CO O Tt< 00 CD rH 00 rH 00 05 00 CD Tfl lO 1,394 CS to ) 1 Approximate. 4 Statistics, 1918-19. 2 High-school attendance not reported. * Fewer than 500. * Included with North Dakota. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 16. — Average length of school term , and school attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State, for specified years STATE, BY REGION AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE IN SESSION Average number of days at¬ tended by each pupil enrolled, 1947-48 Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily, 1947-48 1929-30 1939-40 1947-48 Total Elemen¬ tary Second¬ ary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States. . 172.7 175.0 177.6 176.8 179.7 155.1 87.3 New England _ _ _ ... 178.7 178.2 179.7 159.7 89.4 Maine _ .. 179.0 177.7 179.5 179.1 180.8 165.8 92.4 New Hampshire _ ... _ 179.0 176.2 175.3 174.8 176.4 160.0 91.3 Vermont _ _ _ 172.1 179.2 170.2 169.0 173.0 161.6 95.0 Massachusetts .. ..... . 183.3 179.7 178.7 177.9 180.0 157.6 88.2 Rhode Island _ 175.3 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 155.4 86.3 Connecticut _ 183.7 183.1 180.6 180.6 180.8 162.1 89.8 Middle Atlantic _ 183.2 181.7 186.1 159.5 87.1 New York _ _ 187.5 184.3 183.1 180.2 190.6 155.1 84.7 New Jersey _ _ _ 188.4 185.2 183.2 183.2 183.2 160.8 87.8 Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ _ 181.2 181.6 183.2 183.3 183.1 164. 6 89.9 East North Central _ 180.3 179.9 181.4 159.7 88.6 Ohio _ 179.2 180.5 178.9 178.1 181.2 162.4 90.8 Indiana _ _ _ . 173.4 170.0 173.7 173.5 174.2 146.1 84.1 Illinois... _ _ _ _ . 188.4 186.4 186.6 186.1 188.0 162.3 87.0 Michigan. _ .. . ..... 185.6 183.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 161.7 89.8 Wisconsin . . ... .. . 179.2 180.3 178.5 177.9 179.8 161.5 90.5 West North Central _ 175.6 174.8 177.7 151.1 86.0 Minnesota _ _ 180.1 172.8 172.5 171.9 173.7 148.9 86.3 Iowa _ _ 175.9 176.6 177.8 178.1 177.1 153.8 86.5 Missouri . . . .. .. ... 180.5 179.1 182.2 181.1 185.5 155.3 85.2 North Dakota _ _ .. 165.7 172.7 170.2 170.2 170.2 152.4 89.5 South Dakota _ 178.5 174.9 173.5 173.0 175.0 153.0 88.2 Nebraska . . . .. 175.2 176.0 178.5 178.1 179.6 158.0 88.5 Kansas _ ...... .. 169.8 172.4 165.1 160.7 175.2 136.7 82.8 South Atlantic _ _ 178.2 177.8 179.5 155.1 87.0 Delaware. _ _ _ _ _ 183.0 182.1 178.5 179.0 177.6 154.9 86.8 Maryland _ _ 186.1 187.6 185.7 185.8 185.7 163.2 87.9 District of Columbia.. 173.6 178.8 174.6 172.3 178.2 151.4 86.7 Virginia _ ... _ 164.1 180.2 180.0 180.0 180.0 159.3 88.5 West Virginia _ _ ... 165.7 176.1 173.0 172.8 173.3 155.1 89.7 North Carolina. ... _ .. . .. 154.3 164.3 179.9 179.9 179.9 159.3 88.5 South Carolina _ ... ... 147.0 163.0 174.9 173.6 179.1 143.0 81.8 Georgia _ _ . . 148.0 162.2 176.1 175.0 180.0 146.6 83.2 Florida _ _ 154.4 167.5 180.1 180.0 180.4 163.6 90.8 East South Central _ 169.9 168.4 175.0 145.9 85.9 Kentucky _ 165.0 159.1 171.5 169.9 176.8 142.8 83.3 Tennessee . . ... _ _ 163.2 166.3 176.5 176.5 176.5 153.9 87.2 Alabama _ _ _ 150.0 153.5 176.3 176.3 176.5 150.4 85.3 Mississippi _ _ 133.4 145.7 152.4 150.0 166.4 133.9 87.8 West South Central _ 173.5 173.2 174.5 147.9 85.2 Arkansas _ 149.4 158.6 169.7 168.3 173.0 144.8 85.3 Louisiana. . . . 151.0 169.0 174.0 173.4 177.8 149.7 86.0 Oklahoma _ _ _ ... 173.3 175.6 175.0 175.0 175.0 153.5 87.7 Texas _ _ _ _ _ _ 146.0 171.9 173.9 173.9 174.1 146. 2 84.1 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 Table 16. — Average length of school terms , and school attendance in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools , by State , for specified years — Continued STATE, BY REGION AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE IN SESSION Average number of days at¬ tended by each pupil 1947-48 Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily, 1947-48 1929-30 1939-40 1947-48 Total Elemen¬ tary Second¬ ary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain _ ... _ 175.0 174.8 175.5 153.0 87.4 Montana _ __ __ 173.5 162.6 161.3 180.0 172.2 175.1 172.5 178.9 171.8 174.5 176.7 171.9 175.0 168.9 174.8 174.1 177.1 171.9 164.5 177.3 180.0 171.6 175.1 176.7 177.0 172.1 162.6 177.3 180.0 171.0 175.1 176.5 177.5 171.5 170.6 177.3 180.0 174.0 175.0 177.5 157.3 152.7 144.5 152.1 143.2 154.9 161.6 157.2 88.8 88.8 87.8 85.8 79.6 90.3 92.3 88.9 Idaho _ -- _ Wyoming _ _ ... _ Colorado _ _ _ _ New Mexico. Arizona _ _ _ . . Utah.. _ _ Nevada _ .. _ _ Pacific _ . _ ... .. . _ 175.9 176.0 175.0 158.4 90.0 Washington. 179.4 182.9 178.3 178.7 174.3 176.6 179.1 177.6 175.0 179.4 177.3 175.0 178.5 178.2 175.0 146.5 157.5 161.5 81.8 88.7 92.3 Oregon _ .. _ .. California _ _ .. Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ 176.2 142.0 207.6 203.0 169.0 191.2 190.0 186.4 174.0 174.0 174.3 137.8 79.2 American Samoa Canal Zone _ 204.2 189.0 180.0 192.0 185.9 185.9 185.8 172.2 92.6 Guam Hawaii _ _ 178.0 190.0 178.0 190.0 178.0 190.0 165.2 170.1 92.8 89.5 Puerto Rico . Virgin Islands 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 17. — Number of, and enrollment in, 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools for States reporting, 1947-48 1-teacher schools 2-teacher schools 3-teacher schools STATE, BY REGION Number Total enroll¬ ment Number Total enroll¬ ment Number Total enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 5 6 : Continental United States _ 75, 096 New England _ 1,700 Maine _ _ . __ ______ 728 New Hampshire _ _ 133 2,914 10, 363 99 4, 991 26 2,020 571 127 128 169 65 Rhode Island _ 25 25 18 115 101 539 Middle Atlantic. _____ . __ _ _ _ 4, 327 1,209 17,487 431 New York... _ _ 1, 494 89 27, 282 2, 865 284 11, 159 6, 328 106 7, 746 5, 935 New Jersey _ _ _ _ 105 67 Pennsylvania _ . __ _ _ 2,744 820 258 East North Central 15, 235 Ohio _ 446 11, 325 248 14, 395 Indiana _ _ _ _ _ 375 259 Illinois 7, 126 2, 952 4, 336 80, 301 69, 560 84, 687 Michigan _ .. 299 18, 809 111 13, 505 Wisconsin. _ _ _ 380 West North Central. . _____ __ 28, 578 Minnesota _ _ . 4, 418 5, 631 5, 125 2,677 3, 203 4,434 3, 090 74, 812 78, 353 257 12, 224 157 13, 110 Iowa. .. _ _. _. _. _ 207 12, 243 Missouri _ _ _ _ _ _ 473 148 North Dakota _ . . _. _ __ 29, 769 33, 952 44, 538 37, 996 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 93 1, 395 3,115 28 840 Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 75 9 767 Kansas 340 151 South Atlantic. _. _ _ _ _ _ 7,708 4, 018 Delaware _ _ 48 1,267 4, 417 19 1,044 11, 852 8 635 Maryland _ _ _ _ _ 161 198 62 6, 355 District of Columbia.. _ _ 1 1 Virginia. 1, 178 2, 528 595 657 239 West Virginia _ _ 54, 565 19, 459 24, 807 609 33, 891 38, 075 54, 123 North Carolina _ _. _. ._ _ 564 308 32, 052 South Carolina _ _ 1,019 1,758 420 1,021 703 401 38, 671 Georgia _ __ _ 268 Florida _ _ _ _ 9, 825 247 12, 597 137 10, 774 East South Central _ 8,495 3, 640 Kentucky. _ 3, 462 2, 095 1,088 1,850 851 189 Tennessee 1,174 684 Alabama 32, 059 41, 021 234 21, 536 Mississippi _ _ 931 302 West South Central _ ________ __ 4, 751 112, 880 2,555 119, 524 886 63. 765 Arkansas 1,450 778 41, 348 24,118 29, 428 17, 986 570 35, 929 29, 469 30, 502 23, 624 243 25, 592 17, 313 9, 012 Louisiana... .. __ _ _ _ 462 191 Oklahoma. ... _ . __ . . . 1,323 1,200 672 114 Texas.. _ ._ . . . __ . __ 851 338 11, 848 See footnotes at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 63 Table 17. — Number of, and enrollment in, 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools for States reporting, 1947-48 — Continued 1-teacher schools 2-teacher schools 3-teacher schools STATE, BY REGION Number Total enroll¬ ment Number Total enroll¬ ment Number Total enroll¬ ment i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mountain _ _ 2,908 Montana . _ . . . . . . 915 8, 519 116 4, 502 31 1,610 Idaho _ . _ _ 270 Wyoming 385 i 183 Colorado _ _ __ _ __ _ 872 8, 537 241 6, 322 200 New Mexico 2 263 238 135 Arizona _ ... . _ _ _ 87 oo s 48 2, 261 2, 450 1, 346 24 1,711 2, 760 217 Utah 28 60 38 Nevada _ __ __ . _ . _ _ _ _ 88 1,052 30 4 Pacific 1,394 688 398 Washington _ _ __ . 155 2, 470 67 2,906 42 3, 425 Oregon . . . . 399 230 101 California. _ _ 840 391 255 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ __ . __ . __ - 40 537 6 208 6 305 Canal Zone _ _ _ . . - _ _ _ 1 23 1 114 Hawaii.. _ _ _ _ . .. 12 213 11 478 11 679 Puerto Rico 969 60, 374 291 35, 226 114 19, 397 1 Includes 3-teacher schools. * Statistics, 1945-46. Table 18. — Number of public schools,1 and transportation data , by State , 1947-48 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-4 8 8 StJ 3 o *?ft ft 2 . co o « s > ftg •< 4* MOiO^iOO 05 O 00 05 *0 »o cd £ o 3sl^s|’S 5’£wh'Oo§ a § o.- g s 2 H 2 R* • ON^»0«0 JOhONCO 5 00 CO CO CO 00 O CO 00 CO 05 CM lO »o O T-4 1-H O OOHrfiO CM O CO CM *0 o*o>*ot^'co i-H CM CO CO 05 < CM O 05 C 0 w © S'd .2 co s fl •2-2-S.q S 0.0 g 3 ft 3SSft!‘ fc §• OCOHOO^ •ONOOO^M NNCOHHO NOOOCOOO HiOOOO^ CO*CO»ON ccT *o" tjT cm* i-T COOOCOOHIO o *o 00 10 co 05 ocMco^cor- CMcd'CSfrH~eo tH oSpflw •s2*ft1 •s « ® s 2 S a ■£ « 2 ^ ft IHHNHIQ uo 05 CO 8S8 »0 05 *o »o iO rH *>» CM IO < p«3a- rt tn 9 O §2§g OrQ tJra 05 00 CO co CM • lO CO 1 CO 00 rH CM 05 ^ 05 CO Th r c3 CsJ §3 5 ^ CO C U to sa a ■a go g £ 3 I OOWHOOl CM CO CM C TJH CO H 05 eo t^cM\*r HCOCMNO( Tf CO rH CO CM ’ *o" 10 cm" Co"’ ^ CM 10 CM CM 10 COCOCOONNH TfCMCOrHHCOCO CO 05 t>- Tt< CO »C CO 2 >> Ic3 kO 00 CM 00 CM 10 rH CM 00 CM co" cm" 00" co" CM H O O CO CM (NCDHOO^N co O 05 CO o o io"i>Tcd' cd'co"^’^" 00 CO 05 cm co 00 00 iO CM 05 H CO t-H GO CO co 00 co co 10 co ^ ^ »o 000^0*0 05 CO 05" 10" CO GO ^ CO O O 05 GO CO CO H CM 00 O CM05C0NN10N co" !>•" CO co" ft ciwll®! •i ^ § is g »2 <» O (h — L. t» K>» rh 1/1 b. b. 0 B 2 t» _Sj Pi Q ^ Ofl O •2:0.0 .2.23 -2J dglcfli IlSlISw OS [aryland . . . . 1, 107 I 879 I 228 I 161 I 1. 7 I 9jjJ _ 1. 217 ►istrict of Columbia. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 162. 10 20. 27 18.98 18. 36 21.87 24. 73 24. 48 19. 86 17. 88 18. 72 17.80 25. 89 23.22 21.29 27. 64 32. 35 18. 82 42.01 72.99 37.28 64. 05 40. 14 52. 42 24. 77 26. 18 59. 13 32. 46 27. 81 42.80 27. 78 75.20 00 CM CM »0 05 iC CO CO CO •*r of co of io of 16, 329 3,274 3, 751 4, 517 4, 787 18, 821 2,863 4, 569 4, 256 » 7, 134 9,266 1,712 1,346 861 1,591 1,726 802 1,028 201 14, 368 3, 588 2, 724 8, 056 05 141 26 h* 05 CO CO OQ HOrHOOOOJ CO W 04 00 05 O of rH lO 1-H of 1-f 11, 167 2,004 2, 088 3, 475 3, 600 14, 769 2,379 2, 767 3, 106 6,517 5,281 r} o »o* cm 5.4 iO«OC4N i-J 40 00 04 1 8.4 CO00COrHCMO5CD»H 05 CD 40 o CD ?H * 00 2.0 NNN h'^h 05 00 ^ ^ CO i 1,178 2, 628 595 1,019 1,758 420 8, 495 3, 462 2, 095 1,088 1,850 4, 751 1,450 778 1,323 1,200 2,908 4004CNCONWOO iHNCONOOONCO 05 CM CO 00 CM 1,394 40 05 O 40 05 ^ tH co 00 o rH CM 05 H CO 05 CO OC4 CO COCO CO 00 O CO 05 N »OC0 05^NN 2,457 o o O^CDOO 40 40 D D 4, 131 691 524 821 2, 095 1, 197 COODOOCOO^N 1,297 05 *-h o ^ P< CO *C O II o lOCOCOOOW T-H CO 05 r-f 0 c ce rn J. ©,S ■Sf O fH ^ Kj «0 K>> H-a co £ § ® ® s ££Ph S-Ss o§5 a .gp.2 M w w (-1 c3 S CO f§s STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 c5 WOhO^hhN rH CO CM ^ i-H "1 40 CO i-H CO CO 40 i 1 i 05 S NCJ ^C0»O 00 J o i i i l i 1 r-H CM 1 1 l 40 00 00 co r>- CM O CM o CM i-H CO t-h "1 1 Z i-H CO CO CM CM ! i 05 Tt< CO co ^ r- 05 ^h CO ^ CM Tf< CM CO 40 00 40 CM 05 I-H I-H 8 1 37 to CO 00 CO CO 40 30 CM CO CO 40 CM rH 05 CO 39 Tf HHC5 46 05 CO CM CO CO i-h CM CM 00 CM CO rH 50 | " CM ^ O CO Tt< to CO CO CM 00 t*'- 00 I-H CM rH 43 £ 40 CM CM i> 201 I-H o CO CO CO CM 40 CO l> CM i-H 5S 05 CO 40 40 40 1 40 1 159 359 C5 05rftl ) > i| 1 u 5> .2 p Is Dt/ j J ic ic ,4= 3 t > c South Carolina - - Florida _ _ _ _ _ West South Central: Arkansas - - - - - Mountain... _ _ _ Montana _ Wyoming _ _ _ _ . Colorado.. ... . _ .. .. _ _ Arizona _ ... _ _ ... - TTtah Nevada _ _ — Pacific: Washington _ .. Outlying parts of the United States A laclra j £ £ i t is ) - J 1 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 20. — Current expenditure for administration ( general control ) by each taxing unit (State, county , and local ) and lunch program statistics, by State, 1947-48 Expenditures for administration (in thousands of dollars) School lunch program STATE, BY REGION Total State County Local Number of schools serving lunches Average number of pupils served per day Peak num¬ ber served anytime during year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States _ 169, 999 25, 342 15,880 128, 777 39, 344 4,860, 684 5,320,875 New England _ _ __ 8, 771 1,689 7, 082 2,891 405, 294 466, 843 822 384 438 252 26, 550 32, 328 698 143 555 248 21, 345 24, 465 V ermont— _ 476 107 369 341 19, 698 31, 512 Massachusetts _ .. __ _ 4, 178 232 3,947 1,680 278, 526 306, 864 ' 641 98 543 73 9, 827 13, 879 1, 956 724 1, 232 297 49, 348 57, 795 Middle Atlantic _ 36, 420 5,606 1, 152 29, 661 3, 545 410, 403 398, 804 New York _ __ 15, 947 4, 182 11, 765 2,047 244, 566 260, 280 New Jersey _ 7; 270 534 460 6,276 454 43, 947 49, 199 Pennsylvania _ _. 13, 203 890 693 11, 620 1,044 1 121, 890 1 89, 325 East North Central _ ... 31, 355 2,406 4,404 24, 545 5, 369 759, 972 871,462 Ohio _ _ . 7,272 677 1,118 5, 477 1 1, 270 1 208, 219 1 220, 567 Indiana _ _ 2, 625 228 500 1,898 765 134, 971 143, 762 Illinois _ 9,524 686 1, 187 7, 651 1, 360 133,268 191, 638 Michigan _ _ _ ... 8, 415 523 867 7, 025 831 200, 044 213, 198 Wisconsin _ _ _ 3, 520 293 732 2,494 1 1, 143 83, 470 102, 297 West North Central _ 19, 755 1,639 2,230 15, 886 4, 314 270, 787 561, 119 Minnesota _ . .. . 4, 457 321 447 3,688 761 101, 879 121, 721 Iowa _ _ _ 4, 067 240 2 375 3, 451 851 116, 740 118, 893 Missouri _ . 5,700 623 668 4,409 1, 347 183, 415 North Dakota .. 532 85 447 826 18, 273 25, 028 South Dakota. _ 1, 150 44 309 797 Nebraska. _ 2, 220 156 207 1,858 353 33, 895 40, 446 Kansas _ .. 1, 629 169 225 1,235 8 176 3 71, 616 South Atlantic. _ _ _ 15, 842 4, 101 1,875 9, 866 7, 624 1, 129, 562 1, 071, 119 Delaware _ _ 547 268 279 73 12, 362 15, 667 Maryland .. 1,793 404 1, 389 389 62, 516 62, 516 District of Columbia _ _ 434 434 29 44,670 77,231 Virginia _ _ _ 2,377 1, 116 1,261 971 179, 581 200, 000 West Virginia _ _ 1,732 221 1, 511 1, 278 85, 000 86, 828 North Carolina _ _ . 2,363 327 2,036 1,364 300, 000 350, 000 South Carolina _ 2,185 539 364 1,282 1,453 142, 860 154, 896 Georgia _ 2, 170 602 1, 567 1, 375 188, 900 Florida _ 2,240 624 1, 617 692 113, 673 123, 981 East South Central _ 8,253 1,373 620 6, 260 5,008 525, 947 500, 225 Kentucky 2,515 272 2, 243 1, 131 208, 124 Tennessee _ 2,702 523 2, 179 1,524 148, 753 Alabama _ 1,564 351 1, 213 1,200 179, 411 190, 060 Mississippi _ 1, 472 227 620 625 1, 153 138, 412 161, 412 West South Central _ 18,315 2,039 2,417 13,858 5, 972 736, 664 790, 605 Arkansas . . . 2, 316 303 452 1, 560 870 90, 071 117, 424 Louisiana _ 2, 554 824 1,731 1, 164 112, 593 161, 473 Oklahoma _ . _ _ 2, 325 113 350 1,862 1,590 149, 000 116, 708 Texas _ _ _ 11, 120 799 1, 615 8, 706 2, 348 385, 000 395, 000 See footnotes at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 Table 20. — Current expenditure for administration ( general control ) by each taxing unit (State, county , and school ) and lunch program statistics , by State , 1947-48 — Continued STATE, BY REGION Expenditures for administration (in thousands of dollars) School lunch program Total State County Local Number of schools serving lunches Average number of pupils served per day Peak num¬ ber served anytime during year i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain _ __ _ _ 8, 577 1,004 1,431 6, 141 1,729 193, 735 188, 978 Montana _ - 1,885 834 735 1,246 1,052 1, 492 942 391 206 77 95 188 100 74 169 95 4 600 2 150 106 2 200 1,079 607 534 858 952 1,043 773 296 1 184 246 172 310 412 86 271 48 i 22,000 24, 722 10, 983 35,010 26, 213 28,500 42, 054 4,253 Idaho _ _ _ 30, 133 11,505 39, 251 26, 213 31,075 46, 244 4, 557 Wyoming. _ Colorado - New Mexico _ .. _ _ - Arizona 375 Utah _ Nevada _ _ Pacific _ J _ _ - .. 22, 712 5,485 1,750 15, 477 2, 892 428, 320 471, 720 Washington _ _ _ ___ 3, 552 1,917 17, 243 401 253 4,831 296 175 1,279 2,855 1,489 11, 133 710 1 1 * 3 499 85, 614 69, 000 i 273, 706 94, 582 75, 032 4 302, 106 Oregon _ - California _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . 117 73 450 1,335 39 78 7 1 140 1,416 33 780 350 54, 671 158, 044 3, 356 Canal Zone.. __ _ __ 400 55, 499 176, 493 Hawaii. Puerto Rico .. 1,009 325 Virgin Islands 1 Federally supported only, s Estimated. 3 Information from Department of Agriculture. 4 Statistics, 1945-46. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 21. — Balance on hand from school year 1946-47 , and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands , by State , 1947-48 STATE, BY REGION Balance on hand from school year, 1946-47, (thou¬ sands) Reoeipts (thou¬ sands of dollars) from— Total Source of receipts (thousands of dollars) from — Per¬ ma¬ nent funds Leases of school lands Amount (thou¬ sands of dollars) Per pupil enrolled (dol¬ lars) State County Local 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ $915, 570 $29, 974 $10,431 $40,405 $1. 69 $29, 503 $8, 912 $1,990 New England _ 8, 151 542 144 685 .56 296 389 471 108 144 252 1. 66 77 175 New Hampshire.. . ... 620 46 46 .68 46 Vermont _ _ _ _ .. 284 1 57 1 57 1. 01 1 57 Massachusetts _ .. _ 2 2, 785 153 153 . 26 153 Rhode Island. _ _ .. ... 3^ 991 43 43 .46 10 34 Connecticut _ . . 134 134 .52 134 Middle Atlantic.. . ...... 95, 427 1,003 1,003 . 25 ~M)03 New York _ 47, 492 1 460 1 460 . 24 1 460 20' 221 468 468 . 74 468 Pennsylvania _ . 27', 714 75 75 .05 75 East North Central _ 238, 960 279 2, 493 2, 772 .62 1,174 1,598 Ohio .. 67, 321 2 229 3 229 . 20 3 229 37, 856 119 119 . 18 119 72, 535 57 1,598 1,655 1.45 57 1, 598 3l' 775 666 666 .67 666 Wisconsin _ . .. 29', 473. 103 103 .21 103 West North Central .. . 129, 314 13, 083 1, 130 14, 213 6. 04 7, 216 6, 997 Minnesota _ .. .. 18, 559 3, 930 3, 930 8. 19 3, 930 Iowa _ . . 30, 801 129 129 .28 129 Missouri _ . . 36, 780 6, 997 6, 997 11.22 6, 997 North Dakota 9, 254 486 510 996 8. 84 996 South Dakota 9, 693 817 817 7. 14 817 Nebraska. _ .. 8, 716 318 620 937 4. 15 937 Kansas _ . 15, 510 407 407 1.22 407 South Atlantic _ 71, 022 592 592 592 Delaware _ _ 2, 207 92 92 2. 12 92 Maryland _ _ .. 5, 540 District of Columbia. ... . 6,351 Virginia 4,896 West Virginia 4,481 North Carolina 11, 266 South Carolina.. _. _ 7, 523 Georgia _ _ _ .. 9, 836 Florida _ _ . . 18, 923 500 500 1.23 500 East South Central _ 12, 201 568 1 569 .24 569 Kentucky _ . .. 3, 011 139 139 .25 139 Tennessee . 2, 994 151 151 .24 151 Alabama. _ _ _ 6, 196 216 1 217 .34 217 Mississippi _ . 62 62 .12 62 West South Central .. . 60, 710 5, 452 1,353 6, 805 4,988 1, 818 Arkansas 4, 076 Louisiana _ . 12, 792 121 1, 318 1, 439 3.25 121 1,318 Oklahoma 3, 761 1,437 1,437 3.15 1,437 Texas _ _ 40, 080 3, 894 35 3, 929 3. 07 3, 429 500 Mountain _ _ 53, 158 6, 501 3, 270 9, 772 10.70 9, 672 97 3 Montana 8, 296 1, 452 1,452 14. 89 1, 452 Idaho _ . 4, 723 236 236 2. 04 236 Wyoming 1,833 928 1, 083 2,011 36. 72 2,011 Colorado 16, 087 930 930 4. 32 930 New Mexien 4, 865 2, 251 2,251 16. 54 2,251 Arizona _ . .... 10, 178 400 100 500 4. 02 400 97 3 Utah 1,803 4 210 70 280 1.95 280 Nevada _ . . _ . 5, 373 95 2, 018 2,113 81.38 2,113 Pacific _ 246, 628 1, 953 2, 040 3, 993 1.82 3, 993 Washington _ _ 42, 385 1,078 266 1, 345 3. 39 1, 345 Oregon 10, 421 249 249 1.07 249 California. .. .. .. ... ... 193, 822 625 1,774 2,399 1.54 2, 399 1 Statistics, 1945-46. 2 Cities only. s Includes permanent funds. * Statistics, 1941-42. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 Table 22. — Income from appropriation and taxation , by State , 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] STATE, BY REGION Total TAXING UNIT State i County 2 Local 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States _ _ New England. . .. . 4,004, 695 1, 645, 336 210,016 2, 149, 343 218, 402 40, 878 177, 524 18, 076 12, 276 8, 715 108, 485 18, 383 52, 467 5, 181 2, 158 2,405 13, 880 3, 694 13, 560 12, 895 10, 118 6, 310 94, 605 14, 689 38, 907 Rhode Island _ . . .... . ..... Connecticut _ _ _ _ _ . . Middle Atlantic _ .. _ _ _ New York.. _ .... .. _ . _ 876, 274 279, 427 1,581 595, 266 464, 840 151,579 259, 854 155, 615 24, 723 99, 089 309, 225 125, 276 160, 765 1, 581 Pennsylvania _ . . .. . _ East North Central _ Ohio. . . . .. _ . .. ... . _ _ . . 843, 438 309, 223 6, 070 528, 144 214, 045 121, 838 225, 010 192, 950 89, 594 91, 879 49, 429 39, 075 109, 022 19, 818 512 3 500 277 1,119 3,662 121, 654 71,909 185, 658 82, 809 66, 114 Wisconsin . . . . ......... West North Central. . . . . _ _ 360, 130 87, 515 8, 400 264, 215 75, 398 76, 178 81, 807 16, 048 19,118 31, 838 59, 742 28, 295 10, 893 34, 225 3, 730 2, 729 792 6, 850 553 390 471 496 233 207 6, 051 46, 550 64, 895 47, 111 11,822 16, 157 30, 839 46, 841 Iowa. _ _ ... ._ .. . ... North Dakota _ .... ... _ ... Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ ... Kansas.. _ _ _ ... South Atlantic .. _ _ _ .... ... Delaware _ . . . . 464, 914 273, 725 98, 265 92, 924 8,244 58, 165 23, 418 62, 966 56, 845 85, 682 41, 735 57, 240 70, 619 7, 380 24, 400 4 3, 368 28, 104 38, 226 66, 995 29, 072 36, 251 39, 931 864 17, 473 20, 050 14,461 Maryland.. . . . .. _ _ ... _ _ 16, 292 District of Columbia... Virginia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. 20, 402 18, 619 13, 803 2, 075 11,777 15, 297 West Virginia _ North Carolina . . ... .... 4,885 10, 588 9, 213 15, 391 South Carolina . Georgia _ . .. _ . _ _ _ Florida _ . . . . . ... ... East South Central. _ ... .. . ... ... Kentucky _ 212, 043 128, 358 46, 775 36, 909 52, 833 66, 995 60, 228 31, 986 24, 282 39, 941 46, 707 17, 429 15, 017 20, 242 7, 365 4,151 13, 534 6,813 6,157 10, 406 Tennessee _ _ . .. . . . Alabama _ ._ _ .. ... Mississippi _ _ _ _ .. . _ _ ... West South Central _ _ Arkansas _ 364, 346 203, 346 16, 750 144, 250 32, 517 55, 469 55, 639 220, 721 21, 788 38,010 28, 092 115, 456 879 14, 408 1,438 25 9,850 3, 051 26, 109 105, 240 Louisiana. _ _ . .. .. ... _ Oklahoma.. . _ _ _ . _ Texas _ Mountain.-. 155, 721 55, 580 21, 926 78, 215 Montana.. . . .... _ .... . .. .. _ 20, 418 17, 007 8, 022 38, 535 17, 442 24, 579 25, 934 3, 785 2, 754 4, 241 1,130 8, 024 15, 369 11, 529 12, 295 239 9,315 2, 421 1,229 5,180 1,074 188 8, 348 10, 345 5, 662 25, 331 1,000 12, 861 13, 639 1,028 Idaho 6 Wyoming _ . .... _ _ .. _ _ Colorado New Mexico .. . Arizona _ ..... ... .. _ _ . Utah... . Nevada... . _ _ ... . . _ _ _ 2,519 Pacific _ 509, 429 267, 283 10, 250 231, 896 Washington. _ _ .. _ .. .. .. .. 91, 928 44, 705 372, 797 63, 666 17, 918 185, 699 1,627 900 7, 723 26, 634 25, 887 179, 375 Oregon _ California _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska 2,638 15, 942 25, 998 1,836 13,313 24, 498 802 Hawaii . . . 2,629 Puerto Rico ....... 1,500 1 Includes receipts for State office, cost of free textbooks when furnished by State, and the amounts paid by the State towards teacher retirement and the lunch program. 2 Includes county appropriation for county superintendent’s office, 3 Estimated. 4 Federal funds. s Total distributed on basis of printed report. 889235—50 - 6 Table 23.— Income from miscellaneous revenue sources and total revenue receipts , by State , 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 a g °K'Op, O cJ •d ca ® 3 8*3 8 > jgasis GO cm o i-H o r>- io 05 CO 40 CM 40 oo cm oo co 05 © wpooVo GO GO CM CO 05 40 40 CO CO © 05 uo csT csT tjT co~ co~ > Jo S CM S $ (HHIOHC1 05 CM cO CO l>* ^ IONCOOOOOO oT csT oT o 05* tjT (MNHiOlO' (NNH»OIOCO (NO^HIOIO 00 U5NNO 05 40 Tt< ^ H CO 40 Tfl 05 O CO ) 05 CO 00 rH )ON»0 05 > CO CM CO 40 CO H CO 40 CO ^ g 00 OON05N C^ONHCD 40 40 CM rH CO OJNNHt © 40 22 S c HCON CO 05 O CM CO 05 ?£ § £h © So rHrHCsTr-T OONNCO W1NOHIN 40 CM CO ^ 40 (N 4o" CO* rH rH tI^Oh^N CO CO O GO Tf 40* r-T t*T CO" Of 00 CO t>- »0HH4O05 COTf oco^ 40* r-T Tjf co of ONOON CO ^ 05 40 rH MOOOCON 00 05 CO 05 CO 05 CO ^ CO oo cm oo co cotH(N(N»o (NONN4C I0 40NHH CO 05 05 o CO 00 05 GO CO rH rH IQ CO 05 CO co^qft^o oor^c ONiOCOi GO ^ QO CM C 00 05 ^ CO a a, W2 vu M IG CO C5 3 g ■is s-i co t> ££>» **!-» OT a»«d Js ® <3 Js ,§ 8 g § « §> h.9 OT Sfl o|q 8 5 2 a 15 4.S oS 855 .2 fe 3 31,988 49, 575 97, 909 924 17, 611 20, 050 14, 461 7,236 12, 002 10,008 15, 618 37. 668 STA1 O CO CONOO 05 40 co" co" co" o" "E CO 1C CM Tf SCHOO O 00 05 o io »o o ^ 00 © »—i CM 05" co" © io" CM © L ; CM £ SYSTEMS ©^©©©lO-^OO t^t^CM©©CO»OCM ^ © 00 CM © 00 © © ©" r-T *c" 0^ f-T CM co" f-T 262, 574 35, 289 32, 199 195, 085 802 1, 500 207 6, 051 107,104 i 05 i i ecT i 1 r—i l 1 ■ 2U, 4UZ 18, 676 17, 805 2, 888 12, 647 18, 267 47, 609 15, 045 20, 563 7, 841 4, 160 18,769 coco^o OC CM CO CM 00© ^ io iO"r-T 22,037 iO *— < © © 00 iO i 05 i— « CM CM 00 OC OO 1 r-H CO ^ CM © CM 1 to ©" CM" r-T to" r-T i cm" 1 10, 421 1,627 900 7,895 CM ! i cm" I 1,912 7, 272 274,364 | 7, 483 24, 400 3, 368 28, 104 38, 232 66, 995 29, 078 36, 251 40, 454 129, 076 24, 421 40, 124 47, 040 17, 491 208,350 21, 803 38, 131 29, 531 118, 885 65, 509 4, 227 4, 476 3, 143 8, 964 17, 731 12, 003 12, 611 2, 353 271, 451 65, 091 18, 169 118, 191 1,836 CO 00 »-< © CO Tf 2S 1 i i 12,331 | 12 659 695 1,384 5, 727 1,882 840 1,133 10, 396 2, 433 7, 490 331 142 11,899 291 2, 823 136 8,649 1,722 439 CM © 00 CM TJ4 *0 CM Tf 1C ^ Tf i-H CM iQ CM 3,248 1, 061 7 2,181 © »o © co” © co n £ 10,297 100 618 90 1, 472 1, 056 2, 530 1,589 2, 044 798 7,233 co r^05 ^ CC^rH »-< co 8,247 1,439 2,201 1,217 3, 390 1,943 COCMlO©rHrHrf C CM O CM CO rH Tf Tfl f-H CM H CM CO ^ 2,894 478 363 2. 052 © 75 2, 618 295 381 3,986 NNNCDOOO'H^iH ^OOOOhC5 00(NCO t-H CO CO^GO^t^CO 2,684 NOOON CO CO CO 2, 899 523 518 504 1, 355 1,331 lOiOiOHrfiNOiO 22i2cM2J22t2 1,552 315 211 1,025 iO CM iO © 1 ^ • l 05 GO i ! i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 >. ! ! co 87 05 ^ 38 CO t''* CO CM CM 47 1 1 u- 34, 761 63, 924 506,079 | 8, 666 60, 007 23, 595 65, 746 59, 766 101, 184 47, 935 62, 566 76, 614 234,754 58, 032 77, 651 64, 635 34, 435 394, 459 34, 797 62, 657 58, 938 238, 066 176, 663 23, 790 18, 956 10, 613 43, 089 20, 261 25, 879 27, 731 6, 344 552, 186 103, 862 51, 849 396, 475 2,694 1, 150 16, 265 32, 213 1,149 1 2, 733 00 05 • O t'- 1 coco » 2, 352 1,414 795 227 05 203 157 398 • i 5, 903 1,130 1,326 167 2, 964 315 30, 678 8, 655 6, 313 15, 710 i l 1 l i 1 1 1 o 00 00 I 1 • • i CM i i i i iONMOC 1 iO O H N 1 O GO GO 05 j V of i 59 0° CO ^ 201 7 194 kO it iii 172 l i i i CM i i U- i i Z6 CO *o OC ^ ! ! • CO ICO ICO • 1 IN 149 1 i i 1 CO CO 1 l CO r—i 1 I SI 256 CM I-H © CM Tt< © CM HHI-CO © CM CO 00 © 1,332 2, 748 o 00 co" 71 264 63 6, 354 2, 233 1,665 3, 221 1,742 H H CS CO CO T-H 05 cm »o 05 224 CM © t-I 6,174 1,152 1,326 168 2, 974 126 74 352 2 31,024 8,735 6,314 15, 975 CM I © i Nebraska _ I Kansas _ _ South Atlantic _ _ _ Delaware _ _ _ Maryland _ _ _ District of Columbia _ v lrgrnia _ West Virginia. _ _ North Carolina _ _ South Carolina _ _ Georgia _ _ _ _ Florida . . . . East South Central _ Kentucky _ _ _ Tennessee _ _ Alabama _ _ _ Mississippi . . .. West South Central _ Arkansas _ _ Louisiana _ Oklahoma _ _ Texas _ _ Mountain _ _ Montana. _ _ Idaho . . _ _ Wyoming _ _ _ Colorado _ _ . New Mexico _ Arizona _ _ Utah _ Nevada _ _ _ _ .. Pacific.. . . Washington _ _ _ _ Oregon _ _ _ __ _ California. . Outlying parts of the United States Alaska... .. . _ Canal Zone _ Hawaii _ _ Puerto Rico _ 1 Less than $500. * Estimated. Table 24. — Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts , by State , 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] TOTAL REVENUE AND NONREVENUE RECEIPTS, INCLUDING BALANCE ON HAND Taxing unit 3IENNI *03 o o AL eo sUR cc CO CD QO r- N VE' 05 CO cT 00 r OF EDI 05 CO 00 *0 O CO lO CO CO 05 CO OJ(NCOH(NCO co' t-T i> ecT io“ ko HH 05 t-H Th 701, 471 O lTION 00 00 ^COIO *0 05 CO <*0000 co co 05 CO H H 710, 231 946-48 (Nt^hcOO 00 05 O • 1 1 LQ Lunch program c* N wa o 2,196 CO 05 05 COrJONHH(NCO Subsidies from educa¬ tional founda¬ tions r* 330 62 Z9 1 1 05 i I't i i Total CO eo 05 CO QO 235,075 19, 654 13, 729 10, 453 111, 694 19, 390 60, 155 993, 990 525, 948 167, 095 300, 946 1, 043, 398 277, 614 147, 735 298, 634 213, 180 106, 235 432, 807 100, 407 84, 464 102, 709 19, 814 22, 979 35, 531 66, 902 NONREVENUE RECEIPTS FROM Other 47,010 376 05 U- CO CO CO 396 05 T* 1 lO 1 CO 1 20, 274 lO IHCO t-H IN^I OH t 00 05 co icd* i i 11,228 6,739 1,635 594 2,066 195 Sales of property and insurance adjust¬ ments 05 QO GO 05 i-h UO CO Tfi 1,281 1 CO i CO 1— i 1 00 i 1 1 1 3, 162 *0 *0 CO 05 OOiQOJO CO CO CO 544 302 242 Loans and bond sales eo 496, 058 7, 787 05 05 lO CO o (NOIMHH CO 00 CO CO to 80, 826 45, 233 10, 861 24, 732 112, 962 05 05 CO CO IOCONOCO rh O 00 to o of tjT cT tjT tjT CO t-H 18, 902 7, 482 3, 230 3, 320 1, 261 298 333 2,978 Total es 557, 897 8, 300 05 iON»OCOO iOOOOINhh o oo co co t-T io 82, 503 46, 151 11, 620 24, 732 136, 398 45, 079 22, 515 52, 328 11, 768 4, 708 30, 674 0^0010 0000 (N CD(N lOONN 05 00 CO 00 CO U- 05 Tjf co" t-T Of 05" STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States. New England - New Hampshire - - V ermont _ 1 > c 3 c b 3 t: Connecticut _ _ Middle Atlantic - New York .. ... - - New Jersey _ - Pennsylvania - ... - East North Central.- ... Ohio - Indiana... --. - Illinois _ _ _ - Michigan - - — . _ Wisconsin _ -. West North Central... _ Minnesota. _ .. ... Missouri. . -.. _ .. ... .. North Dakota. . .. . South Dakota.. . . . Nebraska. _ .. i i ! | STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 117, 114 2, 096 17, 630 20, 050 16, 290 7, 568 15, 052 15, 355 23, 073 43, 836 COtOCMCO O 1-1 if 00 co 05 to" 05" t>T 0" 238, 875 20, 059 3,058 29, 615 186, 144 102, 918 I if if H Tf to to O to CMtCHN ifCMOX TtitOOCtOOOCOtOtO H co" co" cm" t-T N 1-T 367, 832 41, 192 38, 761 287, 879 1 !• tO IO CO 1 05 l t"- 00 CO 05 CM if 1 CM iNINCINON 1 t>- 1 CO CO CO O 1-4 05 ico 1 oT i-T t-T co" 0 1 CM 1 CM CM CM rH CM 1 1 1 1 CO CO 0 to tO^NO if CO if CO © O rH | to" 05" 00 if" 1-H CM CM -H 00 CO CO 00 to OC 05 Ct CM 00 05 ^f to to' 1— r CM CM O cm" CM 1 to rH C5 0 00 to Ilf 1-H CM CM 00 00 00 1 00 CO if CM i-H O CM 1 to 05" cm" 1-H to" 1-4" ! cm" CM if O NOtO Cl Q O- CO 05 00 CM cm" Tf CO CO cm COOOO^CMiOOOHTf XOOOCC05N1C10 Tf TTCO^CM050CMTf if" ccT acf oc" crT 05" co" o CM CM CO CO CM CO if CO 0 1 i-H if O i-H CM CM if 05 f HO^ n-ToVT*-" CM^-tH 1 s CO 00" ~ CM COHHIO 0 CO CO 00 00 rH to 00 1-4 00 05 co CM CO CM rH 05 O to to" CO NCOCO^HCOHCO CMNrf CXOHtO CM if rH C5 0 co CO if" If" co" 00 1^-" cm" cm" cm" tO CM rH 05 r-i 05 CO 05 O ^4 ^H to" 00 00" CO rH 00 CO 8 CO OC IH 05 CO If co" If rH CM CO CO CM 05 T-i »0 CO to if t>- cm © co 05 00 CM 00 if co COCONXOOH CO 05 CO 0" CO O i-H CM co 05 co ^f TP^COH cm"l-" 05 35 00 HC0COO5 05 CM CO ’if CM 00 rH CO cm" 00 CM CM t>- 05 1 CM O Is* 00 CM if CO 1 to CM if to CO if if 1 rH CM to CM 1 00 Si co" hNh co 00 O rH ih" CM" to 2 co" 05 CM O oooocmcooo5^qo C rHjJb-lOCC X^05 rH co TjiO>C*OON rH rH CM" i-H CM" CO CO CM l> CO 05 H O CO if H NNHCO HH cm" rH CM 00" 05HNO CO O H C5 if CM CM CO 1-T CM" rH CO CO if 05 COCMtoOHHrfif OCMOCMCOHTfrf 1-4 CM 1-H if CM CO if if 05 00 cm" 00 CO CM CO to If CO 0 cm" CO to 00 rH CO cm" CO 00 0 co" NNNCOXOh^h ^OOOOr-.C500CMCO h co coifooifr-co s CO cm" N CM H 00 0 cm CO CO N CO 1 05 05 00 cm" CO QO if tO CM rH O tO to to to CO CO CO tOtOtOHif N0»0 SSScmSSSS CM to to to rH to rH H CM CO CM 0 to CM to 05 rH if 05 00 1 1 D- 1 1 tO if CO 1 1 rH to t-H 1 1 00 05 if 00 CO CO CO CM CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 If 1 1 1 1 l> 1 1 if 1 1 to 05 CO s to C30 N 10 H 00 CO CO 05 10 COCCO»OH^NCN COCO IOX CO HCON 05" 0" co" co" cm" th" cm" 00 co" NCMNCHiOcOOO 00 CO 8 CM rH co 00 CM O NC05N to 00^01 rH © 05 © if" 05 CO 00 CO CO II 05 CO O if O O CO if L- Otl4f 05 to" cm" cm" 00" CO to 01 to to" 05 tOOOtOG5COC5l^O COCOC5COCONO NOOtOCOHCOCMO to" 0" 1-4" 1--" H 0" t-h" co" CM CM rH Tf CM CO CO If If to CO Tf H05 CO H CO if CM 05 00 05 O to 00 rH >rf If 0 »o CO 05 to CO rH CO H CM CM cm" ih" CO cm' rH CO CM co 00 to" CO 00 co to 1 to 00 CM 1 05 TpNCON ICO CO cm" 1 If s; cm" 238 : I s? CO rH l t>. th" | if" ' Q co ! l CO 05 1 1 CM -f . ! co" h ! CO a 1 111 1 CO 00 1 1 1 to nf H 1 1 1 to CO 1 05 1 1 1 CM 1 111 05 to 1 1 05 1 1 to 1 1 1 1 8 co" CO if rH CO 00 ^ ©£ 0 rH CO H CO CO cm" CM © O OtON ! O D- CO to 1 II i-H CO CO CO 1 || to O CM 00 1 CO to CM 1 00 CO CO 1 s 00 CM if 00 tO 1 i-H O 1 OCOrHG5 lOOCO | 1 1 CM CO cm" CM rH 05 If 05 05 CO CM If D- 05 to* if 00 CM 0 i-h CM t-h"o" co co t>* 0 10 CO © 05 to if 00 CO 00 if CO oT co' co" 05" to CM cm" CO 0005 D- I 00 to Tf rH co CM OOO 00 to if r-ToT co" 05 H to If NCOXO CO if CO 05 CO 3 co" cocMr^totoososr^ if h-r^Xif NtOtO 00t^050500c00t0 i-T co" rf" co" to ! a cm" 0 05 rH tO CO I- 05 05 CM 05 co" co" i-h" 05 CO s to »o co 0 r- co 1-H CO HO if CM CM 0 CO rH 0*0*0^00 rH CO rH CM 00 1-H H cm" 0 Tf" 10" O if 03 iO to" 05 CO CM D- ^4 CO »o CO CO II 05 O CO CO to II co NHH« g" 05 CO co if SoSS 0" 0" co" 0 HH 00 CM co 00 00" to CO CM O to O CO CM ifODOOOOifCOifCM C500C5CMOOt^tOCO 1-H i-h" Tf^ if" co" 00 to CM tcf 0 CM CM if O co 05 05 to Is- to" co cm" 05 South Atlantic . . Delaware _ _ _ _ Maryland _ _ - ... . . District of Columbia _ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II . . 1 III zj . 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' £rn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 III (/} 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll,l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III '•H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 0 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11,1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 iiiiii 1 11,1 ^ 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 ri rr iiiiii >_4 11,1 1111 1 . . 1 111 iiiiii <1 11,1 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 2 tjj iiiiii a* 11,1 K 1111 1 . . 1 111 ro 1 1 ; 1 1 1 gf ii,i H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !ii 0,13 llc3'll CH 11,1 Z llll 1 Ill'll'' ' ill : .2 .g a : ; g ; : i : 8 : : i : : : ! ; : \ : : i : : : : tfs •flr-J^llr^ lli'O llll 1 IIIlQlll 1 ' 1 1 E H 1 .13 O Q 1 1 W , , , -rH llll 1 1 1 1 1 O 1 « 1 ' O ' ' I g*3 S3 i : n &S i§ E : : J :«i ifl i : : ; S l J Jb S |l|f g gg| i 5 | !|€|d id 1 gjf a O O q-Sflw H S^Sg^g ■'S A 2 § O © 00 alls h sis 3 l Ills *3:1* g s ^ w H r5 0 Eh 0 % ^OO 3 H £ S Pn << a i N 1 O !:s ! « K | j 0 :2 1 Less than $500. 2 Cities only. 3 Estimated. Table 25. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts, by State, 1947-48 76 3 o Eh Sub¬ sidies from educa- tional 2 foun- td dations ^ ^IAL 05 SUE .V E Y 1 0] F El - d - o N L 9 4 6-48 £ s 0 0 Taxing unit Local QD 53.0 79.9 05^050*00 o © o cd cd cd oo oo t>- 67.9 66.4 81.5 63.0 63.3 OliONOiO 00 00 h CO* rtf iCiOOO^N 70.6 NOOCOOCOiG 05* Tt<* CO* 05* 05* CM* lO 00 lO CO 05 County CO U5 CM 1.2 CM ^ tH CO CO cd 4.0 r-4 1C lO 00 !>• CO lO rH l> CM rH 05 State CO 38.9 18.2 GO O ‘O CO ^ 00 cd id CM* 05 CM H CM H H CM 30.8 32.6 16.2 35.9 34.2 CO CO 05 lO CO 05 05* id 05 CO CO H lO H 23.6 | Tf< 05 h* CO lO lO ^ t-: cd cd t-* id rH* CO rH CO CM rH rH Federal QO 05 CO CD CO rH e 00 CO t- 00 CO From all other sources except sub¬ sidies from educa¬ tional foundations and the Federal Government Local ® w lO cm co co co oc ^ 'id ‘hh 2.6 05 o 00 rH* rH ^* 4.9 C0HN05^ cd rH id |H 05* 4.9 TjH lO lO CO CO CO id cm* oo cd * cd ^* County 05 h 0 £ lO i lO • State CO 0 & i £ £ :££ £££ rH lO From permanent school funds and leases of school funds Local r* £ 0.2 05 CM CM II i II i CM ® j I County CD © 1.7 O State US 0.7 COHH |“ rH CO d 00 CO CM HOONCO 1 id Tfi CM From taxation and appropriation Local - 49.9 CO GO 00 1C CO o c id 05 id id r-l CO CO QO I> 65.3 64.5 80.6 58.2 58.2 CO ^ TjH rH CM* t"-* id rH* id ic lO ^ CO 65.7 O lO 00 lO t>- CO Tf? rH* id 05* 00 cd »o oo ^ co oo County eo 05 1 ^ o N CM rH CO CO ‘cd CM* CO »0 lO 00 rH CO »0 * CM* rH * 05* State w 38.2 o 00 C005 10MN g SPSS’S 30.7 32.4 15.9 35.9 34.1 ic lO 05 H lO 05* 05* id ^* 05* CO CO H lO H 21.8 1 00 ^ oo CO t>- CM* CO* rfi © CO* CM* © CO rH CO CM rH rH STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States.. . . New England l8 1 £ a >- £ K c E CS tc ! Es \i Vermont Massachusetts _ Rhode Island . . . Connecticut . . . Middle Atlantic _ New York New Jersey... . . East North Central _ Ohio _ _ Indiana Illinois . . . . Michigan . . Wisconsin . . West North Central _ Minnesota _ Iowa Missouri . . . . . . North Dakota.. _ _ South Dakota Nebraska . . . . . Kansas. _ _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 OMOO 005»ON H CM 00 CM CM©©t}- Niodo NONM CO 05 o o CM *-H CO CO 05 CO CM co 05 05 co cm j r-j rt<‘ to tJ< 05* O CO OMOONOO ^ h' n d o w CO CO rH CM CM 05 to »-• i-« id cd cm* cm* 1C ^ CM CM* id CM* NOOCCO^H «3 000 i-4 1-4 cm* ^NCOOOOCMNC i-H b- 00 00 CM* i-4 cm* © Tj' io io !g§g OO CD O 00 lO rf iO H ddcN o’ id r-tCMCMCMOO^^CO HOJO 8So'£ ©©t^CMOO©COOO© CO* CM* * ^* ^* 05 00 id cd CO 00 © © 00 CM* ^* cd iO 00 CM © cd oo cd »d CMO051OCM00CM© cd CM* CO* 1-4 CM* CM* Tt<‘ t>4 t CO 05 CO iO I cm* id cd i-4 1-4 00 I ^ CM © © C CMO^CMOOIOCOCO© i-4 f-4 * cm* i-4 cm* cd cd i-i CM CM* cd ” CM IO H ' ^ cd CM i t^io^©r^©©CM^ © iO iO 00 © © , CO ©CO CO cm* cd i-4 © © © I ' CM CO CM © 00 CM* ^* i-h CM © CM i-h © © CO ©* i-4 ©* cm* i-4 1-4 1-4 cd ©1-1© © © 05* ^* CM* 1-sCMOOCM I rH ids 00 00 IO CM i-< © CO 00 © CM CM id cd oo ^ 05 ©’ cd CO IO IO IO ^ T}1 r-H © © CO id p5* id © ©»--*©cooo© ©*H^rH id cd i-4 cm* © © -^ CM’gJCMj CM 00 © ©CO 1 ©* CM* 1-4 CM* id CM t*- CO 00 © CM t>- © 1 id © -^ cm ^* cd © < OO^iHif©©©»Oi © ^ CO © i-4 »"4 cm’ © 10N»0 ©Tt<©©©©CMOO 1-4 cm* © oo id 3* cd CO © 00 1H ^* cd ©CO o 3Cq b£> >m 2 , H co s • •2>o3«' !J UoJOr|?> u«cJ e •Ss«“8s3§i § QgQ>£fc«8o5 5 !§. 0 fl •g i|l 7> ,3 ^b-2 a (H 0^4 a> E 22 og ©« « « 19 « a tic a k h O UOO <33 :3 O id gat* £f a> ,2 03 3 -*JWPh 1 Totals are rounded separately and are not necessarily the sum of the component rounded percentages. * Less than 0.05 percent. Table 26. — Current expenditure for administration ( general control ) and for instruction , by State , 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] INSTRUCTION Other supplies and S expense M g _g AL £ tO 3URV CO 05 to N EY 00 tO OF E 00 to CO NOCO !DU( CM CO CM to' 'ION, CO to o cm" cm" 19 K to' 4 6-48 8^828 CM 05 O ^ 5, 752 3,639 NON 05 to to to 1-H CO Teaching supplies 3 90,213 5,690 CM Tt< 00 00 CO CM ICIOOCOCO’H »0 w slags o u a w •2.2 £-3 3 a X3 £ -S ^ -2 |I s i 3 o > O 03 (H OIh > > w M h h O 3 5 a .2 .a a kH Ch^SWh S r* ’3 C. CD 333 GO Q, 2232 i CO 00 CO CO CO 00 OONOOH^ NiOiOOOMN OCOClOONO 05 to 00 t'- 00 to NCO^^iOO > tO CO 'HfeONO IWOSHHH Pi-T oocfto O 05 § co to co csT of > CO 00 ) 05 1-H I to to rrfoT CO tO CO iO CO CO CO CO oooot^ i-H t'- I-H ^ CO o lO'cfrjT GO ^ CO 00 CO CO co ) H 05 to CO r of tjp co" to" 00 Tt< co 00 05 CO to to lO 00 05 H to So5 ; £23 s »o co t- CO ©GOV-ToT r-T - INW II TtH 318 2, 015 1,437 122 = g$; 1 OHO i i i 1 1 CO ' 1 i CD i i 631 III 1 i i i i 1 1 1 CD < III 1 146 126 86 295 141 ■jf || | | CO O 2, 076 1, 018 1, lit 1,078 1,054 i i i i CD i ' i CD i ■ 1,279 3,241 ! r>- ! 03 ! 1 iO 1 *0 1 1 1 1 03 00 ID C5 00 *D CO ^ 1,629 849 till iiii iiii liil ilil !C P 00 ? NMON OC ccmV'# oc 2, 863 4, 569 4, 256 7, 134 9, 266 nchhdnooh a HTjHfflOSMOSJO « NMOO'Ot'OOON cr 3,588 2, 724 8,056 94 141 26 349 1 11,106 ohomnmdn® OOtt«IN'D© 1 H t- CO ^© © 995 03 05 00 03 00 COCT'IO i 03 TJ4 05 ! 03 CO i ^ CD i iQiOH i 00 CO i 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 03 i i i i i i i i i • ' • CO • 1 CD • • 03 i 1 i O O 00 o3 1 1 llOH(N •*« l • co 05 co *-h • i 03 03 03 1 363 CO • © 03 i ^ 03 i CT'r-i i i 586 ! 03 rH H IHHO i CO 03 i iO ^ IH 03 IHH : 3S i CD CO i It- 01 f| ! CO CT> ! I i»OD 237 1,278 1,557 1,449 1,576 1,066 1,088 917 4, 293 1,457 1,488 1,285 64 1,199 810 CD 993 612 304 1,057 405 553 206 2, 334 1, 272 85 91 1 ‘ i CD CO : 1 05 o : i • oo *o 1 1 T-Tco 1 1 ■ j 384 2, 092 1 CO 00 o JO ! 2 03 05 rH 05 i 03 03' rH rH rH 5, 256 1,665 1,923 1,057 611 868 1,509 iO Tt4 1,139 857 475 1,723 1,290 1,100 288 4, 403 2, 504 1 Tt< ICO 1^ 1 rH i i iO i • I 2, 3U2 I . 3,814 5. 502 ! CO 1 f ~ . 03 r {£ ©"-cr^coi— ©eot-e 03 00 CD r i g'S § - p cz 1'C .9 ^ jg ’£Lrd PS o CrC O G3 §S noa POO (M CO °-S <« s« S3® a-o U>£ C ft e p 3 O H I S3 £ S3 « 3 0 >CpTt<® nmn Rent CO eo eo N 05 CM CO 05 729 CO CM iOcDH CO CO 566 112 129 115 211 to 00 • ! cc i 1 cc 1 1 > 1 w- J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > ! O * * i ® ® ® fl-S 1 a. 22 2P « o .S 2 rd § .2 S3 d o «3 o33i^ w ! 03 ^ aj fln^i ^ ^ M w „„ O rQ ci o3 wpS *h CO "‘■■s-s-g STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 lONMNWOO' i pi 06 gj i-i co pi eg < iNOCDHOJTfOSH IphCiOOO(NN^OO .CO^OWOCOrHCDiO r^r 00 of © oT iOHO»OOO^OiO cocoeowH’ CDCDONO' TJH Tf 00 CO © » HCO^OI CO O 05 1 HC0 05 0 OHNO oSno C^GOC^COCD^O^OO COOOlOQCOOW CO t>- ^ i-h 00 co OOONCOO^CO( >NrHCX)05C0 Ol h CO C^l 885' O O O CO CO ?5 ?5 S CO rH CO C 00TfO5: Cl H H O 05 cc O © IO S 3 ?5 © ^0C03H' iONCON*OW< 05 O 00 co 00 c i CO 00 2 « |1 | bo w ' .ia ,2 ca ■g.2>^o os w w ^ago ► — £ >» 3®g» £ 3.2 g i s .2 o Wrfl | S5£3fc-fc .9 a fi ja o o W gMH 5 S'eS ?ou pH Nd o 'g § Is .2 a oo co t-h 01*0*0 CO ,Q o a* co co *o § oj rH H^io (NOW 00 o o 05 iO CO O CO CO of 40s *0~ csr CO O CO ^ CO *0 05 C COO^C >H rrt Q Tt< rH of CO • CO Tft I CO i r>- ^ c3 pa? e• CO ^ 00 05 lO ^ CO lO 05 OkOOHHH 00 Ol rt< CO CO *0 05 Ol CO *0 1 NOO^OHCl (v a tj w 03 3 S^-2 0-9M'K ■ -3 M © I fH CO P> o *h kj >i r* h-j co * * i a) o) S gm|)g , , cs'ori § •sS-SSJ 'sQfi sas^ « §lsi! *h W rQ d <0 03 69, 01 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 1 Included with laboratory equipment, furniture, and fixtures. a Cities only. Table 30 .—Summary of expenditures, and detail on debt retirements , by State , 1947-48 [Thousands of dollars] DEBT RETIREMENT Other debt H retire- ^ ment > L ST JRV eo to os co EY 0 F ] EDU CAl 1 532 g . 459 $ 19 CM 46—48 is ;§§ 1 ^ os 1 1 1 s ; to ^ be *2 fl,2 as|l 2 -2 <2 S w o to w CO § *■ > ca fl 03 >> 2 ra ft o3^q gPv, P-i wh* fl o C3 *h OS co GO o § 1 c m ! i i i i CO i i CM i i CM co co" O O CM ©NN cm" CM" CO Os t> 00 oo II iife mV jr-T j CO to 00 to" co CO cm" II HH | °9 h o fl bo „ fl£ 1=1 3 fl,2 &gg|-3~ PL,^ -H GO o CO © CO OS co CO iO CTco CM rH to CO lilll Cq •«*< t>T O0 rH 1 ^ CM CO 1 slisllS Nefco HN Total all schools r* CO r» eo co CO CO CM os co *h oo »o H^T^HCON CO CM to Tt< os to of c^f os' to* ocT tcT HH HHIO CM CM CM 00 Os 00 os in to HCOCO CO os CO r-T r-T NON Tf H CM s§ CO to" CM OS IS1IS 8gisl»' II s CO o TjH gseSlll sa'g'ssss Expenditure for summer, evening, and adult schools © CO r» CO w 00 05 o | i i i i ( 1 l c 1 1 ( 1 1 30 H H o to O O CO 05 ss i IN 00 i to'i— T ! i £ CM to" 1 l 1 to i i 1 CM rH 1 1 1 lO In i i i to i i i i i i Total © H > H . •« _ _ -fH illni s! M © tO © to eo GO N OS s CM CM CO rH OS CO r-H r>. 00 tO CM to N- 00 ca ofcM"of^"oo to" HH HHIO in CM CO o os 00 os CO to Os co co 00 O co to" co" r-T 1 8“ OS BSISl i§¥i* 00 to rH CO 8 glsSlll SSSSSfeg Interest ■"# 8 CO r» s GO ONNCOOSO N tO CO N OCO CO 8 o co oo CM 00 co to to CM intjTco to tcf 05fflH(OM 3SS3SS& os 00 CO co" lllSill Outlays for new building sites and new equipment CO © CM CO os' CM to N- CO ^ 00 os to Tf CO to os COtOtOHHH CO t*T to to sf CO to 00 CM TH CO In CO n-"ooco" CM T-H CO to 12 elsSS 5V§6“ 00 Tf< to CM IsllllS N o' N' r-Tc^T Total current expenditure for full-time day schools N g * « s os' s Slllls aa»3ss‘ 1 § Iss l'l¥ 1 l lilll §W In r SliliSS 888S2S88 STATE, BY REGION - i ! 1 s & | | j i’ | i i i ; S i i s! 11 Ij o IS, Z>X i i i i j i i i i ■ i i i i i i i : sJj III ! i j j j Ml i i w ^ 2 | III | j i o z 1 i i iii | j :jc 1 1 i i o « ^ p 1 1 1 1 ! | j 1 ;^ia j !5z i i ; ; j ; | i i i j | 1 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 r>- co co CM O oSoSSS CNCOHtNN H COi-TrHCsT )COWNiO»OCO- 05 co 40 »-h I^hXC^^(NNGO(M iho^coinowco iCHO^OilNOO CO 00 CM 00 CO 40 co co cm cm co oo co oco'cToo NOOHWC 05 1001 OC 05 — ( (OON! co oo cm \\ WIOGOH “ »-t T-H o NNC^CC5 05^^< ) CM CM ) CO 1-H « CO CM CM CO 40 40 CO 05 CM 05 CM 05 O i-H CO 05 c 05 00 c 00 00 00 ' CO O H < 05 05 ^ CO NHOCO CO CO CO r-H r-T t>r CO OC CM 40 O 40 l'- C 00 05 00 CO 00 < r-i 1-H 40 CM CO CM T (lO^iHN^T^OO '40^0COCOOOrH •fH00O 05 00NC0 40 CO CO ' NO(N> || CM i CM CO CM 40 CM OM CM 05 • OOO 1 8S“{ CO 40 CM O CO i r- i-T oo" cm" «*T t>T cm" o" < »o eft »ft 'Y~\ cn » r}H CM O 1-H H Tt< 05 05 OCONO CM"40~r^t>T co ^ thCMN CM 00 40 r-HC005^OCMC0»0 ^ o CO CO cm" r-T to co" o o o C3.S" .5 s c ‘5c 8 2 .3^55’ g||l OpR -a slgl ag-gs S3 H 3 r/. rr* S 12 o3 o Yi ^ q o « t>> I-SS a 27 .3bC ^ O O o« « « eve §1 3 © N — i O ©3 o T"! O K C3 H 'Tl O S5£o£«cP5z; % ^oo jgl & a! .33 03 «2 3 <50WfM 889235-50- 1 Cities only. a Estimated. 3 Excludes junior colleges. 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 31. — Expenditure for public elementary and secondary education per capita of population and per pupil in average daily attendance , by State , 1947-48 STATE, BY REGION ANNUAL EXPENDITURE FOR EDUCATION Per pupil in average daily attendance for— Per capita of popula¬ tion Total Current expendi¬ ture Qess com¬ munity services) In¬ terest Capi¬ tal outlay in average daily attend¬ ance pupil 5-17 years of age 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $29. 32 $202.81 $179.43 $3.65 $19. 73 $1. 14 $141. 97 25. 15 211. 22 200. 97 1.70 8. 55 1. 18 134. 49 21.73 138. 48 133. 04 .50 4. 94 .77 100. 06 23. 42 196. 90 187. 15 .83 8. 92 1.12 121. 25 26.28 177. 91 166. 99 .68 10.24 1.05 120. 78 24. 75 220. 30 213. 98 .24 6.08 1.23 135. 35 25. 35 232. 55 220. 69 9. 96 1.90 1.29 140. 95 27. 79 238. 86 217. 44 3.28 18. 14 1.32 155. 70 30.22 250. 12 228. 07 8. 01 14. 04 1.37 165. 95 32.74 284.48 256. 90 10.76 16. 82 1. 55 188. 39 32. 10 274. 63 250. 59 8.28 15. 76 1.50 185. 98 25. 93 199. 06 184. 42 4. 61 10. 03 1. 09 131. 11 31.06 227. 30 204. 74 3. 85 18. 71 1.26 158. 66 28. 66 214. 00 191. 61 4. 42 17. 97 1.20 148. 54 32. 75 231. 82 217. 35 2. 14 12. 33 1. 33 162. 18 32. 99 253.28 223. 19 4.28 25. 81 1. 36 181. 21 32. 31 222. 97 198. 47 5. 39 19.11 1.24 154. 96 27. 52 203. 85 191. 47 .61 11.77 1.14 133. 94 29. 41 200. 52 186. 73 1.67 12. 12 1. 13 145. 68 31. 94 226. 14 213. 06 1.41 11. 67 1. 31 156. 70 31. 92 207. 57 188. 98 1.57 17. 02 1.17 165. 09 24.59 180. 03 164. 08 1. 71 14.24 .99 124. 29 32. 86 189. 70 182. 07 1.46 6.17 1.11 133. 74 33. 75 204.24 193. 65 2. 34 8.25 1. 18 147. 30 29. 59 190. 21 180. 97 2. 65 6.59 1.07 146. 03 29. 37 201. 32 190. 86 1.28 9. 18 1. 22 149. 62 26. 40 153. 22 130. 72 1. 85 20. 65 .86 111. 42 29. 57 234. 60 204. 19 2.05 28. 36 1.31 152. 94 29. 36 237. 83 192. 80 4. 62 40.41 1.28 152. 85 32. 12 327. 21 218. 94 108. 27 1.87 214. 89 23. 42 143. 34 124. 79 .74 17. 81 .80 102. 69 30. 58 153. 29 141. 82 .93 10. 54 .89 117. 10 27. 07 129. 34 108. 74 2. 04 18. 56 .72 103. 63 23. 44 123. 78 112. 39 1. 09 10. 30 .71 83. 84 20. 79 112. 77 103. 85 .70 8. 22 .64 80. 59 30. 46 199. 52 160. 50 4. 92 34. 10 1.11 148. 93 20. 10 110. 07 100. 07 .53 9. 47 .65 78. 11 19. 62 122. 33 112. 15 .92 9.26 .71 78. 35 21.54 124. 85 107. 62 .53 16.70 .71 88. 83 22. 18 116. 04 106. 28 .54 9. 22 .66 83. 22 15. 71 72. 81 71. 42 Ml i 1.28 .48 56. 87 Daily ex¬ penditure Expendi- Continental States _ United New England. Maine - New Hampshire . Vermont _ Massachusetts— . Rhode Island - Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic. New York _ New Jersey. .. Pennsylvania. East North Central. Ohio.. . Indiana _ Illinois _ Michigan. . Wisconsin. West North Central. Minnesota . Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota.. South Dakota. Nebraska - Kansas - South Atlantic. Delaware _ Maryland _ District of Columbia. Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina - South Carolina - Georgia _ Florida - East South Central. Kentucky _ Alabama - Mississippi. See footnotes at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 Table 31. — Expenditure for public elementary and secondary educatioa per capita of population and per pupil in average daily attendance , by State , 1947—48 — Continued annual expenditure for education Per pupil in average daily attendance for — Daily ex¬ penditure per pupil Expendi¬ ture per STATE, BY REGION Per capita of popula¬ tion Total Current expendi¬ ture fless com¬ munity services) In¬ terest Capi¬ tal outlay in average daily attend¬ ance pupil 5-17 years of age • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 West South Central _ $25. 60 $164. 92 $146. 36 $4. 47 $14. 09 $0. 95 $109. 05 Arkansas _ 20. 76 116. 72 92. 93 1.97 21.82 .69 79. 47 Louisiana. _ _ 24. 54 165.80 144. 91 3. 46 17. 43 .95 101. 11 Oklahoma _ _ _ 26. 53 152. 22 144. 49 1. 74 5. 99 .87 114. 01 Texas _ 26. 95 184. 77 164. 70 6.63 13. 44 1.06 119. 47 Mountain _ 38. 16 223. 83 193. 44 2. 55 27. 84 1.28 162. 98 Montana _ 44. 52 262. 62 246. 80 .96 14. 86 1.48 192. 79 Idaho _ 32. 65 186. 55 162. 89 1.93 21.73 1.09 142. 80 Wyoming.. _ _ _ 37. 04 216. 86 195. 44 3. 79 17.63 1.32 173. 08 Colorado. . .. .. ... _ 34. 53 224.20 188. 18 3.11 32. 91 1.26 161. 74 New Mexico . _ 40. 46 213. 31 186. 49 2 2.12 24. 70 1.19 146. 21 Arizona _ _ _ 41.42 259. 66 203. 63 3. 34 52. 70 1.51 172. 53 Utah _ 40. 06 201. 35 179. 40 2. 17 19. 78 1.15 159. 77 Nevada _ _ 36. 59 259. 89 230. 74 4. 66 24. 49 1.47 181. 85 Pacific _ 38.26 279. 11 216. 95 4.29 57. 87 1.59 214. 73 Washington.. _ . .. 39. 77 301. 06 237. 05 2. 21 61.80 1.68 211. 10 Oregon _ 34.93 277.64 217. 38 2. 57 57.69 1.56 192. 77 California _ ... _ _ 38. 43 274. 40 212. 38 5.01 57. 01 1.57 219. 37 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ _ _ 2 33. 20 321. 06 288. 18 32.88 1.85 128. 07 Canal Zone... 3 22. 98 145. 35 141.78 3. 57 .78 135. 99 Hawaii _ . _ .. _ 30. 36 203. 82 193. 18 10.64 1. 15 140. 71 Puerto Rico. 11.28 72.12 68. 40 3. 72 .38 34. 86 1 Based on expenditures by cities reporting. Total State expenditure per pupil is higher than shown. 2 Estimated. 2 Based on 1944-45 data. 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 46-48 Table 32. — Cost value of public property used for public elementary and secondary school purposes, by State, 1947-48 value of (thousands of dollars)— AVERAGE VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY PER— STATE, BY REGION Total, in¬ cluding undi¬ vided items Sites, when re¬ ported sepa¬ rately Budd¬ ings Equipment: furniture, libraries, apparatus, etc. Pupil enrolled Pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Unit of popula¬ tion 5-17 years, in¬ clusive 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States _ New England _ Maine _ New Hampshire _ Vermont _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic _ New York _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ East North Central.. Ohio _ Indiana 1 _ Illinois _ Michigan _ Wisconsin _ West North Central. Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri - North Dakota _ South Dakota _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ South Atlantic - Delaware _ Maryland - District of Columbia.. Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ South Carolina _ Georgia _ Florida _ East South Central. . Kentucky _ Tennessee _ Alabama 4 _ _ Mississippi _ West South Central.. Arkansas - Louisiana _ Oklahoma 6 _ Texas 6 _ 9, 213, 746 $385 $441 $306 614, 896 512 573 364 45, 575 40, 784 4,791 301 325 234 20, 931 18, 954 1, 977 307 337 207 19, 196 341 359 243 348^ 150 589 660 411 5< 650 50, 160 4, 490 581 673 408 126,394 117, 357 9, 037 490 546 356 2, 487, 242 2, 071, 281 219, 012 611 702 463 1, 369, 539 158, 890 1, 088, 372 122, 276 713 841 554 370, 035 38, 058 305, 185 26, 791 586 668 450 747, 668 677, 723 69, 945 494 549 361 2, 000, 215 1, 652, 687 207, 370 451 509 345 416, 863 52, 952 318, 335 45, 576 362 399 276 211, 289 47, 205 147, 408 16, 677 321 382 267 644, 637 590, 533 54, 104 567 652 424 478, 776 40, 000 379, 305 59, 471 480 534 369 248, 649 217, 106 31, 542 507 560 367 947, 355 402 468 340 208, 065 14, 637 168, 325 1 25, 103 433 602 348 168, 858 168, 858 364 420 334 229,900 200, 684 29, 216 369 432 299 46,836 416 465 328 51,748 45, 399 6, 350 452 513 370 91,336 83, 080 8, 256 405 458 351 150, 611 134, 320 16, 292 451 545 405 906, 524 752, 292 95, 197 236 271 195 21, 000 19, 135 1, 866 483 556 362 105,713 11, 560 90, 265 3, 887 350 398 255 2 60, 000 8, 000 47, 000 5, 000 615 710 465 143, 149 128, 838 14, 311 255 288 206 122, 669 11, 843 91, 784 19, 043 290 323 246 166, 067 147, 479 18, 588 196 221 167 71, 521 4, 799 60, 471 6, 251 156 191 129 113, 860 7, 344 91, 920 14, 596 163 196 139 102, 543 15, 489 75, 399 11, 656 252 277 206 317, 256 136 158 112 108, 237 96, 916 11, 322 198 238 151 3 75, 000 119 137 97 66, 711 7,189 52, 808 6,714 103 121 86 67, 308 130 148 115 658, 982 255 299 198 69, 432 4,111 57, 362 7, 959 172 202 137 108, 490 6,287 88, 941 13, 262 245 285 172 97, 731 214 244 183 383, 330 29, 154 279, 861 74, 314 300 356 231 See footnotes at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 Table 32. — Cost value of public property used for public elementary and secondary school purposes , by State , 1947-48 — Continued value of (thousands of dollars)— AVERAGE VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY PER— STATE, BY REGION Total, in¬ cluding undi¬ vided items Sites, when re¬ ported sepa¬ rately Build¬ ings Equipment: furniture, libraries, apparatus, etc. Pupil enrolled Pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Unit of popula¬ tion 5-17 years, in¬ clusive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain 338, 324 370 424 308 Montana 42, 413 34, 437 20, 074 83, 209 38, 696 54, 170 51, 039 14, 286 36, 481 29, 763 20, 074 5, 932 4, 674 435 490 359 Idaho ------ _ _ 298 336 257 Wyoming _ C) 9,763 366 417 329 Colorado. . _ 73, 445 386 451 325 New Mexico.. - . . 284 357 245 Arizona 2, 934 43, 503 46, 022 7,733 5, 017 - 1, 803 435 482 321 Utah. _ _ 355 385 304 Nevada 12, 483 550 619 433 Pacific _ .. 941, 953 430 478 366 Washington _ _ _ 174, 211 92, 742 675, 000 155, 656 72, 319 18, 555 11, 946 440 538 375 Oregon _ 8, 476 399 450 312 California1 2 3 _ . _ 432 468 372 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska. . .. _ _ 3, 147 3, 808 21, 112 297 376 150 Canal Zone... . _ _ 471 509 476 Puerto Rico _ _ 1, 937 16, 858 2, 317 56 62 30 1 Statistics, 1945-46. 2 Estimated by D. C. s Estimated. * Statistics, 1943-44. » Statistics, 1939-40. 6 Statistics, 1946-47. 7 Not available. 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 33. — Permanent school funds, school lands, and debt funds, by State, 1947-48 [All amounts in thousands] STATE, BY REGION VALUE OF PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDS Num¬ ber of acres of school land Esti¬ mated value of school lands Amount in interest and bond accounts for serial bonds Amount in sink¬ ing funds for term bonds Total State County Local ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total for 43 States. New England $694, 154 $654, 980 $12,253 $26, 921 30, 113 $465, 109 $84,956 $83, 759 6, 622 5, 496 1,127 392 1, 177 6, 856 Maine _ 3, 016 1,423 i 41 2,143 1,890 1,423 141 2,143 1, 127 392 1,177 207 V ermont.. _ Rhode Island _ 6, 649 Connecticut _ _ Middle Atlantic.. 24, 307 24, 307 39, 929 36, 145 i 5, 832 15, 479 2, 997 i 5,832 15, 479 2, 997 39, 869 60 6, 719 * 29, 426 East North Central _ Ohio _ 71, 622 45, 828 25, 795 27 16, 822 17, 593 14, 064 374 24, 294 26, 745 6, 955 13, 255 374 24,294 950 6,955 13, 255 10, 332 5,159 Indiana _ Illinois _ 25, 795 10 7 10 16, 715 7 100 666 4, 839 3,401 Michigan _ 7, 261 Wisconsin _ West North Central.... Minnesota _ 210, 468 210, 468 6, 313 44, 541 11, 384 8, 887 128, 556 4, 854 3, 373 25, 258 24, 658 12, 747 11, 023 128, 556 4, 854 3,373 25, 258 24, 658 12, 747 11, 023 31,036 3 5, 182 Iowa _ _ 7, 585 1,653 Missouri 2, 928 2 1. 134 748 4,078 North Dakota 1,220 2, 434 1,622 South Dakota 24, 342 15, 017 2,146 Nebraska. . _ Kansas 1 _ South Atlantic 27, 080 27, 080 120 1,200 9,684 8, 923 Delaware _ 2, 354 2, 354 255 383 Maryland _ .. 2,311 Virginia _ 15, 636 15, 636 West Virginia _ 2,698 963 1,208 North Carolina 2,500 2,500 South Carolina.. 3, 023 3, 326 Florida _ 6, 590 6, 590 120 1,200 4, 442 East South Central _ Kentucky. _ 4, 880 4, 880 2, 368 2, 512 2,368 2, 512 Tennessee 4 _ West South Central _ Arkansas _ _ _ 186, 865 174, 612 12, 253 2,118 17, 307 6, 072 3, 547 2,200 46, 349 134, 769 3, 547 2,200 46, 349 122, 516 9 164 422 i 1,524 2, 515 3, 801 7, 026 3, 964 Louisiana _ _ Oklahoma 1 Texas 6 _ . 12, 253 6, 072 See footnotes at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 Table 33. — Permanent school funds, school lands, and debt funds, by State, 1947-48 STATE, BY REGION VALUE OF PERMANENT S6HOOL FUNDS Num¬ ber of acres of school land Esti¬ mated value of school lands Amount in interest and bond accoun ts for serial bonds Amount in sink¬ ing funds for term bonds Total State County Local > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mountain . . _ _ $91, 896 $91, 896 17, 813 $133, 282 $3, 395 $2, 812 Montana 18, 000 10, 273 23, 506 14, 083 • 15, 092 421 6,910 3, 612 18,000 10, 273 23,506 14, 083 « 15, 092 421 6, 910 3, 612 4, 409 47, 000 i 848 30,922 1,266 2 714 Idaho Wyoming _ .. ... 3, 092 Colorado.. ... _ New Mexico 7 24, 000 24, 718 5,000 794 854 1,010 1,941 390 8 93 738 Arizona _ ... 8,239 2,000 72 Utah Nevada Pacific _ . 70, 413 70, 413 3, 330 250, 780 2, 972 Washington. . _ .. 48, 242 10,273 11,899 48, 242 10, 273 11,899 1, 750 780 1 800 250, 000 780 2, 972 Oregon. _ . _ California.... Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 13 13 1 Statistics, 1945-46. 8 Statistics, 1941-42. « Statistics, 1946-47. 7 Estimated. 2 Includes serial bonds. 4 Exists only as a debt. * Statistics, 1943-44. 8 Albuquerque only. Table 34. — School bonds and other forms of school indebtedness , by State, 1947-48 [In thousands of dollars] 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 S-2 & O r ® E“> Td 03 ta o M(N»ONO^ COWiOHCO as; ^ 05 T g&! a ® « 5*§S .a CQ CO 05 00 CM lOiOiO^Oi 05TJHC0005 'O £ .9 co 00 A d ^ ® SJ OoflfiS PQ 03 S i CO O N CD H ^ 00 00 CD CO 'd q) d ^ d c3 ss S & CM T* CO 05 CM CO O^hhcDN ,, _ CM CM CO 05 O ''f to 05 tJH CO CO 00 tJ- CO o ‘O' 05 00 CM tO ^ CO CO 00 CM O rf CM 00 ^ cm" rtT TjT cm" CM 00 05 CM iO cooV lO^CCCOC CM O ^ CM C CM CO C 981 O CM 1-1 05 05 CM 00 CO I gg? to CO CO 00 05 ^^CDCOH 00Tt< CO CM o SHIS CO to o CO rH 00 ^ 05 CO Tj^rfto' ^ CM CO s-as ,!gg'S>„o •§ & 1 1 o § 03 [2 <3 * * i ® ffl s STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 Cities only. 4 Statistics from Bureau of the Census. Estimated "for New York City and Buffalo. 5 Statistics, 1945-46. Estimated. 'Statistics, 194&-47. Table 35. — Status of retirement funds for employees of public elementary and secondary schools , by State , 1947-48 [In thousands of dollars] 96 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 oo o r>- i io io t^- ' t'- Tf< )DNiOONO»0 t^TfcD^cDTt^t^C^FH CO 00 CO IN W CO 05 W Tf *Ot»00r^COa0COO5 NOOO HNWO © CD CD 05 *o H050 1C t— 00 CD CN S ) CN 00 CD 5 iO 05 05 CD »C 5 rt< iO 00 CD CD CONCOf^N CDCMNN OiOND DCONtH 05 CO 05 OhhhN hcon^ rt< *-h 005 CO lO 05 io HiONO CO 00 H IO i-T co" i-T 5 iO CO CD csTtC O ^ a co ■§!£ a o7? J-n'" ' ' c3 § o J> C5 O g uj1 te 'S.'C .3 ,■> a x3 ’St3 ~ Huso’S is II 1|Ijs |ll 3 C/5rC V2 u OM cu «WOH T3 go o *J 2 12, o^g as as^SSijSiS b<)« •-> .S i=i £ x: o o % t*:= ?oo 1 Includes teachers in comprehensive city and State plans where they could be 2 Incomplete, identified from other employees. 3 None reported. 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 46-48 Table 36. — Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1919-20 to 1947-48 ITEM 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1943-44 1947-48 < 2 3 4 5 6 9, 090, 532 2, 899, 246 9, 585, 417 2, 902, 657 10, 275, 347 2, 827, 565 Negro" children 5-17 years of age, in- Enrollment of pupils: Elementary grades: Boys _ . ------- 992, 401 1, 077, 973 1, 039, 227 1, 130, 765 1, 072, 281 1, 101, 981 1, 004, 789 1, 024, 579 1, Oil, 476 995, 360 Girls _ Total _ __ . _ . . . 2, 070, 374 2, 169, 992 2, 174, 262 2, 029, 368 2, 006, 836 High-school grades: 12, 392 20, 949 40, 533 72, 053 102, 678 151, 902 84, 886 162, 488 124, 082 175, 144 Girls _ _ Total _ _ - -- _ _ 33, 341 112, 586 254, 580 247, 374 299, 226 Total enrolled in elementary and high -school grades: Boys _ _ -- -- - _ _ 1, 004, 793 1, 098, 922 1, 079, 760 1, 202, 818 1, 174, 959 1, 253, 883 1, 089, 675 1, 187, 067 1, 135, 558 1, 170, 504 Girls _ _ Total _ _ _ 2, 103, 715 2, 282, 578 2, 428, 842 2, 276, 742 2, 306, 062 Average daily attendance _ 1, 416, 206 168, 414, 206 80 119 67.3 1.6 72.6 1, 645, 518 217, 754, 344 97 132 72.1 4.9 78.6 1, 953, 401 305, 344, 350 126 156 80.4 10.5 85.6 1, 852, 950 303, 802, 159 133 164 81.4 10.9 1, 922, 381 329, 914, 879 143 172 83.4 13.0 Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled.. _ _ _ .. . . Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled during the year _ Average length of school term in days _ _ Percent of enrolled pupils in daily at¬ tendance _ _ _ _ _ Percent of pupils in secondary grades - Percent of school population enrolled Instructional staff: Elementary schools: Supervisors _ _ _ .. _ _ 0 (2) 6,398 31, 227 (2) (2) 457 478 (2) (2) 6,246 39, 801 (2) (2) 2,395 2,836 198 365 7,883 46, 098 34 599 4,575 4, 724 264 516 4,489 49, 954 34 789 3, 658 6, 849 261 1,536 3,846 48, 037 94 1, 147 5,722 9,507 Principals _ _ _ ... ----- Men teachers _ _ . _____ Women teachers High schools: Supervisors _ .. . . . Principals.. _ - - Men teachers _ Women teachers _ Total number of instructional staff. . Average salary per member of instruc¬ tional staff (for States reporting) _ 38, 560 51, 278 64, 476 $601 66, 553 $895 70, 150 3 $1, 738 High-school graduates: Boys _ - . . . 11, 014 18, 995 8, 338 22, 842 15, 502 23, 121 Girls _ _ Total _ _ _ 30, 009 31, 180 38, 623 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Included with teachers. 3 States listed in table 46. States and the District of Columbia, 1947-48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 £ 0 V} I £• *1 £ 0 U Q> V) *8 £ 8 h 3 £ £ 8 Includes supervisors. 2 Statistics, 1945-46. 3 Sex distribution estimated. Table 38. — Percent of men teachers in Negro public elementary and secondary day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 1947-48 eo 11.6 17.1 23.1 11.9 11.2 17.9 10.2 18.9 11.2 20.3 15.4 20.0 13.4 18.7 18.1 11.3 22.0 20.2 1945-46 - oqo*©co© co^co^ih ©coco^oo »oo © ©iooooo cd oi id h h (N oh n © © cd HHWH rH HHN HHHHH rH 1943-44 ® lO^XNO CO t- CO 1-H rH CO 1C5 Ct^00CO OJOOU5© HH t» 0^ 05 05^ t^oo(>co'(N .ooi HNNrlH CIHHHN HNHNN i-I * co ei oi cd 06 H -rti oot^t^oio to co 06 HNHHH NHrlNN hNi-IWW rH(M T-l 1931-32 - w t'-OOOOO© 0*00001^"* ©t*I>©^ ©00 ^ O JO CD © CO © CO © © © c4 © Tjj 1929-30 eo 16.4 WHCOWN CO CO CO ^ CO NNCO^IN rH CO *D cd*p^OiOO l t-H t-H CO CO t-H 5-9 GO 289 O kO H kO i l INH t-H 1 CO < i UO i t-H < i i ' i i 132 13 7 159 ! GO 1 1 t-H t-H t-H IT^I i oo co • rH 1 CO o GO T}H 00 Ci CO No. teaching positions eo CD CO CD ! o 1 o 1 O t"- conoooo 05 05 05 *d rA cd id 05 rtf ^CO*OCOCO Tt^COiOHCD to lO CO lO CO *C CO *0 Average length of school term, for specified years 1947-48 Sec¬ ond¬ ary CD 178. 6 176. 8 170. 5 177. 5 180. 5 180. 0 180.3 175.9 185.7 168.0 191.7 179. 9 175.0 177.9 i 176. 6 176.8 180.0 175.0 177.2 Ele¬ men¬ tary *0 © Tt»T-HO>©® COOiOOH 0000*010 OO co cdddo^ *d *o cd o cd oonno ©*d *d t''- CO GO L— NCOOOCOO t^t^COt^t'- 00 L- Total 2 171.6 176.5 166.1 179.3 180.1 174.9 176.6 166.8 185.9 140.9 192. 9 179. 9 175.0 169.3 177. 5 171. 5 180. 0 175. 0 176. 2 1945-46 CO 170.1 167.2 151.3 183.1 176.3 179.0 173.1 160.0 186.0 140.7 192.3 179.9 175.0 164.2 171.5 169.0 180.0 175.7 177.3 1943-44 OS 164.0 166. 1 141.8 181.7 168. 2 165.0 171.6 156. 7 186. 5 130. 0 193. 9 179. 9 175. 8 160.4 169. 0 166.2 180. 0 173. 7 177. 0 1941-42 2 156.8 CCO^OO COOiOHN tOOMOCO 0*0 i-i t— ; cd cd cd Th © • 00 *0 O T-H 1>- TJ4 !>. tONN(N O CO 05 ^ L- CO JO L- *0 GO 00 CO L-j CO CO 00 1929-30 OS N CO i O H CO co O CO 00 © 1 H O N COCO Tf 03 to CO CO 00 CO CO *OONO) 1 TfcOHiOCO *GN 1919-20 QO ® os i ii iii *0(NHH(N i rH ll i^ 1 1 00 HHOOHCO IHCO 1 1 CO © tH 03 Total N OS OS at (N(NCONN HH00NCO 00 rH 03 rH CO 05 CO 00 O 00 05 05 CO ^ to rH ^ HC0COO5CO 03 03 CO rH i-i rH 03 03 rH rH t-l STATE - 17 States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia _ Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ __ Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ South Carolina. _. _ Tennessee. _ _ Texas . . . . Virginia . . . West Virginia . . District of Columbia _ Distribution between elementary and secondary levels estimated on basis of enrollment. 107 .5 2 1 +4 1 1 8 = ■w CO *© ? s ?l ■8(3 £ •- "8 8 8 « te I STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance 2 Negro 2 ; £5 ; i§§3 : 8SS : : : : : 1 c4 06 1 loco 1 I ! II 10 IHIO 1 1 CD 1 05 CO CO 11 11 1 1 1— 1 1 1 1— 1 1 r—i II 11 1 White 2 $122. 98 103. 29 177." 38* 126. 87 200. 51 114. 74 113. 80 142. 55 146. 42 Average annual salary per unit of instructional staff 1 Negro r* is! ss issIS §11 ll 1 ! i jH^T(NCN^r jrneo (N c3 r3 .2 o Table 48. — Number of Negro public elementary and secondary schools , value of Negro school property , and transportation data for Negro schools in 15 Southern States 1 and the District of Columbia , 1947-48 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-4 8 TRANSPORTATION Expendi¬ ture per pupil trans¬ ported eo $17. 66 17.40 27. 01 17. 14 27. 61 13. 96 14. 76 67. 28 8. 07 Expenditure of public funds for transpor¬ tation (exclusive of capital outlay) W $586, 284 332, 131 276, 007 258, 506 1 CO CO 1 05 1 T-H 00 1 o'tC 1 5 c3 1,069, 273 355, 665 214, 511 Number of vehicles operated at public expense - tO o TT CO leg i o i - U- - tOrH 8, 714, 214 9, 383, 000 20, 429, 811 8, 980, 881 19, 224, 248 Sites, when separately reported o $1, 013, 901 420, 382 tO tO CO C g 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 n 3 1 Many States having separate white and Negro schools do not keep separate records 3 Statistics for 1943- for all items. 3 Statistics for 1945- Table 49. — Number of teachers employed in nonpublic ( private and parochial ) schools, by State, 1947-48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 111 SECONDARY SCHOOLS Women ® © 05 05 3, 357 265 160 195 1,852 222 663 7, 535 3, 842 1, 148 2,545 5,703 05 CO 03 O C5 O TH C5 N Tt< CO 00 ^ o 2,593 ^ © CD CO -H 00 CO 03 CD O 05 rr ^ CD CD CD H 03 03 Men C5 15, 578 2, 770 247 265 113 1, 135 244 766 4,232 2,052 647 1,533 2, 975 729 225 1, 211 424 386 1, 321 OOOS^CDOCOH H CO O »D lO H H CO 03 TT Total QO 41,568 6, 127 512 425 308 2,987 466 1,429 11,767 5, 894 1,795 4, 078 8, 678 2,138 538 3, 023 1,914 1,065 3,914 03t^005HHN CO O N iO ^ CD iO 05 00 O t-i H CO CO ELEMENTARY AND KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS Women 63,677 7, 682 io oo 05 us oo r. o o ^ oo OOW005W 18,983 9,000 3, 072 6, 911 17, 275 3,704 1.612 5, 963 2, 937 3, 059 6,904 © 05 00 03 t-h CO rt lO'f OOCOrHCH 00 03 00 CO CO US t>. Men CO CO us eo 287 Tf CD © GO Tt* 03 ^ 03 GO © s OOON *0 rP GO 1,043 CO »-H 03 CO © CO ©CD CO 05 CO CO © i-H © © 03 03 O- © CO CO »D Total US 67, 430 05 © © © Cl CO ^ CO 03 C2C5NC5^N IOIONHO5C0 19,668 9, 450 3, 120 7, 098 18, 318 00 © ^ © 03 iO rr C3 05 Oi NOO^Oh CO~ H CD CO CO~ 7, 373 CO © © t*- © CO 03 GO © ^ CO © © CO © CO CO © t'- 1 TOTAL IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Women 89, 667 11, 039 860 728 462 5, 901 1, 137 1, 951 26,518 12, 842 4, 220 9, 456 22, 978 co © © r>- oo 1-H 03 03 CO hOSN^N ©~ i-T ^ CO 9,497 rt< Tt< © 03 r-4 U- ©N»OCO©^»0 ^ 00 © Tf T}< 00 © Of»HOf Men eo 19, 331 3, 057 N05 050INO ^ GO OO iO C4 04 iH (N GO 4,917 2,502 695 1,720 00 o CO 00 03 CD 05 OOIONOO^H © © © 1,790 391 409 465 91 86 185 163 2 o w 108, 998 960 ‘H 1, 107 1, 017 581 7, 181 1,409 2, 801 31,435 15, 344 4, 915 11, 176 26, 996 5, 896 2,383 9,447 5,013 4, 257 11,287 2,855 2,283 3, 019 526 488 996 1, 120 STATE, BY REGION | 1 Continental United States _ New England _ _ _ _ New Hampshire... _ . - .. Vermont.. _ _ _ _ _ _ ... - .. Massachusetts _ ... _ _ _ _ _ Rhode Island . _ .. .. . .... Connecticut... . . . . . . . . Middle Atlantic _ _ _ _ _ New York . . . . . . . ... New Jersey.. _ _ _ _ _ ... . _ _ _ _ ... Pennsylvania - - .. East North Central _ _ _ _ _ Ohio _ _ _ Indiana. _ .. . . . _ _ ... . . . - Illinois. . .. ...... d J jl i!§ Wisconsin _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ West North Central _ Minnesota - - - - - - Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ... . .. Missouri _ _ _ _ _ .. . .... . North Dakota _ South Dakota _ . _ _ _ _ ... . . . ... Nebraska.. _ ... _ _ _ _ .. - - Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Table 49. — Number of teachers employed in nonpublic ( private and parochial ) schools , by State, 1947-48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 113 Table 50. — Number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic ( private and parochial ) schools , by State , 1947—48 — Continued l—l SECONDARY SCHOOLS ^ Girls B O IEN *o CO 8‘ NIAL SURVEY OCD»CiO^COONOO rnOOOCMiDCOCMOOCM NOONINOINhNOJ CO Cfco'rH I-Ti-Ti-Tf-T 0 3 cm" F EDUi CM CM OS ^ HDCD^ H CO 00 H cm" t-T th" 13, 528 >. noN, ] OOHOO CO rH CM to oo m cm os lOrHiO L9 4 O CO = 6-48 OS 00 OS CM CO 00 CO GO N 00 ^ rH T}H O rH OS CO CO r-H rH CO CM" rH rH 20, 103 3, 163 1, 792 15, 148 Boys OS 19, 566 OOOINiO^iONNN 05rHcOOOOOOOt^OOt> OSt^OST^COOSt^rHt^ ioV-Tco'i-T of t-T 12, 562 5,401 4, 230 1,670 1,261 12,594 726 5,786 989 5, 093 00 CMrH^COOSCOOSI> TfHDNCONHH CO CM O 00 CM cm" 15, 814 2, 374 1, 417 12, 023 Total GO 40, 217 00(NNOOOHNO)»C ClN^HCOWOiCOO r-H CM ^ CD CM CM~ h CO CO 25,079 12,513 6, 622 3, 539 2,405 26, 122 1, 565 11, 296 2, 210 11, 051 co r-HC5COOOtOOOI>0 COOOOOHIOHHCO CO lO rH TJ4 05 os CO 35, 917 5, 537 3, 209 27, 171 ELEMENTARY AND KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS Girls r- 57, 992 r-iOSt^CCOOrHOSIOTtH O^O^DHCDCOCOCO cooOT*HTtooi-hi^05oo*oco CO cm" CM" rn" CO CO CO H IOHH r-H 63,533 CM tH OS 00 000*0 OOQHCO co" oo" cm" 00 CO I-H 146,038 5,762 68, 894 7, 660 63, 722 961 ‘Lf HCOtHt-HOUOIOtF Tf* 000*0 00 05 05^ OOOSCOHOSHCOCO !>•" cm" 1-h" CO 1-h" icT t-h" 132, 952 18, 648 11, 194 103, 110 TOTAL IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Girls 78, 643 1-HiOCMCOCMt^OSCMCM rH CO CO CM N 05 CM CD OCOCMNCONOON CM" aT O0" CO' CO" id" !>■" CO 44, 303 co CO CO 05 00 OS lO coco tCio 87, 843 05 lO 05 O CO CM 00 05 NHOOO co" o' *o" oo" CO 30, 817 4, 903 1, 848 772 10, 613 7, 480 3, 836 1, 187 178 87, 567 12, 490 7, 461 67, 616 Boys eo 78, 613 CMN0510C0C0OC0H ■^NOOOJCONOOO CO^O^HOCOCO^O tf" cm" oo oT icT co' cm" to j>" CO 44, 309 OOCON CONlOH co co cm" oo" t»" o" CM 84, 317 3, 588 40, 065 4,781 35, 883 27, 720 051>.IOCOIOI>’UOCO C0^05t0i0t^CMG5 lO CO N OS ^ W 00 rH tp"t-h" os" CO co' 81, 302 11, 695 6, 942 62, 665 Total N 157, 256 CO CM H OQ O OS lO CO iO-^-^CSNCOCMh^ COCMCOOO^i-lt^wOCO od^"i> t^'os't^T»o"o'»o CO r-H H rH rH 88, 612 46, 315 15, 586 15, 648 11, 063 172, 160 7, 327 80, 190 9, 870 74, 773 58, 537 CMiOt^OSiOCOCM^ NC5COOCOHHN 't^lO*OOSHOW oT co' th" o' co' t>T cm" S oc 1 ) ) ) r 24, 185 14, 403 130, 281 STATE, BY REGION - South Atlantic. .. ... .. ... ... .. ... _ Delaware _ ... .. _ _ Maryland.. _ _ _ . _ . _ _ District of Columbia.. . . ... ... ... ... ... . . Virginia West Virginia _ ... . .. _ .. . ... . North Carolina... _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ South Carolina _ _ ... .. .. . .. .. ... ... _. ._ Georgia - Florida _ _ _. _ . ... .. .... _ .. East South Central _ Kentucky _ .. ... _ _ ... _ . . Tennessee _ ............... ..... _ ... Alabama.. _ _ ... ... ... _ .. ........ Mississippi. . . . . .. . _ _ ... . ... West South Central _ Arkansas _ . _ .. _ _ _ _ _ ... Louisiana _ ..... ... ... .. .. .......... Oklahoma.. ..... ...... Texas _ _ . .. . . . . _ ... Mountain... _ .. ... . ._ _ Montana _ ... .. . . _ _ _ . _ _ . Idaho _ .... Wyoming.. _ ...... Colorado _ . ....... .. ..... New Mexico _ _ _ . _ _ _ ._ .. ._ .. Arizona _ .... ... _ Utah _ ... Nevada. _ ... .. . . ... .. _. ... Pacific _ Washington _ _ _ Oregon _ _ .. ... _ . California.. _ _ . .. .. .. .. .... Table 51. — Number of schools , teachers , and pupils in Catholic elementary and secondary schools , 1947-48 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 115 GRAND TOTAL sndnj O w 2, 787, 637 40 *■“ 30 50 5 CO 25, 078 21, 298 10, 814 165, 102 32, 468 52, 095 878, 342 435, 650 139, 671 303, 021 772, 641 173, 864 57, 293 266, 499 154, 236 120, 749 siaqoBOj, os 89,011 10, 094 U- lO CO 50 40 00 00N^OO»O lO*HH 25, 978 12, 453 4, 145 9, 380 23, 677 5,363 1,704 8, 341 4, 411 3, 858 SECONDARY SCHOOLS Enrollment sSijjo GO •O 1 O — e* 27, 647 ic ^ co 50 40 as oo 40 cm co CM 50 CM 40 00 O i-T t-T r-T tC cm" co" 80, 994 40, 957 11,195 28, 842 50 as as 40 00 O 50 II o 50 as 40 co 50 ^ 40 as 50" uJ' 00 !>-" rH CM rH zs^og; - 50 OS o cm 20, 706 I ^05 OONOOO 40 c: -f f :::* rfOOOCMOO i-Tr-T co"cm"cm" 65,038 31, 683 9, 216 24, 139 58, 672 CM 40 40 U- CO || cm o 05 40 as CO O rH 50 pojnquj -stptm gut -pniomqejbj, 50 O? I r* 50 N 48,865 2, 711 2, 747 2, 211 30, 840 4, 864 5, 492 149, 679 74, 411 22, 287 52, 981 136, 551 31, 953 7, 913 48, 291 33, 228 15, 166 Teachers Lay uetuoAV »0 2, 164 172 t>- eo oo co 659 40 ^ O CM U- 50 CO rH rH 469 00 P- P- CO II 40 l— I 00 CO Tf uojM «H< 40 1 o of | 188 as CM CM O CM CO H 00 Tf Tf 678 CM CM Tf &2S 495 O ^ 00 O CO II COCMON50 Religious uotuoAV a 16, 041 1,661 1^ © CO CM CO 50 00HH4OCMN hhOhh 4,311 1,921 694 1,696 CO CO oo as oo cm || O O N 40 CM O CM CO h 40 || U8J\[ O* I o 50 l ^ U- ^ ^ U- 40 50 r-t H CO OS GO CO 1,832 1,025 223 584 1, 659 as as co o oo | CM 00 CM CM as t'- cm i— i imi - O? I CO GO 50 O? 1 2,632 O CO CM CO N N u- co ^ o Tf HHH4CCMCO O 00 3, 643 1,193 2,644 6,957 40 as »o cm 50 | CM ©05 rH CM CO ^ »o 00 H CMr-H siooqos jo joqranjq o ® I »0 of 217 NNO^NCM H H H CO H CM 474 Ol ^ CM rH 509 O rH CM 40 i-H | CM CO Tji rf ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Enrollment l SI-HQ OS 1, 088, 450 128, 855 1 11,351 9, 123 4, 335 66, 991 14, 012 23, 043 362, 185 180, 520 58, 134 123, 531 272, 534 26, 520 24, 673 110, 199 59, 487 51, 655 zs^og GO 1,094, 197 129, 135| 50 00 00 rH CM © rH CM 50 U- OS 50 O ^ CM CM 40 40 i-h" as u-" co' co" iH 50 r-t CM 366, 478 180, 719 59, 250 126, 509 274, 779 26, 614 24, 707 108, 009 61, 521 53, 928 pojnqtjj -stpun gut -phput ‘I'Bjoj, r* 40 1 50 OS ® CO of 257,990 22,367 18, 551 8,603 134, 262 27, 604 46, 603 728, 663 361, 239 117,384 250, 040 636, 090 141,911 49, 380 218, 208 121, 008 105, 583 Teachers 50 CO I CO o* CO | 272 O 1 I r-t o rH U- 1 INCOO l I i « 1,280 800 236 244 563 00 CO CO CO 50 | CM rH rf CO CM HH Religious uamoAV 40 57, 353 7,068 00 CO 50 50 40 o 40 50 50 CM 40 O 40 CM 00 N H CO rH 16, 902 7, 715 2,703 6, 484 15, 830 3, 378 1,279 5, 593 2, 674 2, 906 U0K CO OS IPS CM CM as as 40 50 co i CM 50 rH l 316 40 CO 00 as t— i CM 327 CM CO O CM O | rH Tf 00 © imi eo OS of 50 7,462 657 572 271 3, 963 798 1, 201 18, 498 8, 810 2, 952 6, 736 16, 720 oo 40 50 as cm | CO O rf 05 CO 50 CO 00 00 o CO"rH-4o"CM"co" sjooqos jo jaqmn^q N >« GO o* GO 739 Os Os 00 l''- CM Tf4 t'- 40 CM 40 as CM CO rH 2, 049 NOCM 00 CO CO 00 CO 00 2,228 as U- CO 50 CO | ?l ?l I-TflO 40 CM 50 CO STATE, BY REGION - Continental United States - New England _ Maine _ _ _ New Hampshire _ ... .. Vermont. . . .. ... . . Massachusetts _ _ . ... Rhode Island _ _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic _ New York.. _ _ New Jersey _ . .. Pennsylvania. . . .. East North Central _ Ohio _ _ _ _ Indiana _ ... . Illinois _ _ ...... . Michigan _ _ _ . Wisconsin _ _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. Table 51. — Number of schools , teachers , and pipils in Catholic elementary and secondary schools , 1947-48 1 — Continued j - 05 GRAND TOTAL BIENNIAI siidna; , SC § RVI 00 o csT 04 1Y OF EDC 1 H 00 CO ‘0 0*0 CD O CO O CD iO (N CO OOCDNOONH r-T ocT ^ r-T oT r-T OOrH 04 04 CA’ 1 CO CO g riON, 1946—4 CDdCDH-^ODOO^ 1 (X)O^NHCOC4^ O CO O CD T* CD 05 CO CO tC 04~ TtT r-T 00s Co" CD IDHH i— 1 : 8 1 ^ S oT 41,883 9, 619 11,892 9, 251 SJ3qOB9X a> 10, 255 2,539 2, 210 2,700 479 444 851 1,032 4,200 CDiDh NCOO^DOCO 1 COt^t^COrt4rHr e*vr 9, 617 (NOCDDOOHONH 1 ^(MOOCDOCOOOiD ^ CO 00 05 04 CO ID 04 COH r-T 6, 754 3, 925 1, 270 1, 098 461 pajnqiij -sipun Shi -prqom'pqbx GO rH 48, 889 COCOOOSNOiO O H tO 00 CO CO to 04 00 00 CD rH 00 CO H o ^ H H rP 22,651 O 05 l>« CD CD 04 CD 04 CO 1 CO 00 05 CD CD 05 CD 04 04 COCO*D05 05tDt^04 00 i-HOOCO'i-Tt-T r-T of 14, 957 9, 280 2, 394 2,227 1, 056 Teachers & uamoAV 194 ^04 04 CD^ rH 04 tD 04 1> r— ( 04 151 j 1 00 05 tO rH rH | ^ rH 04 now CO 245 NMMODNCO NWCOH CO 04 127 ■>*< OO OS CO O iO r CD 05 CD TjH 1 Religious uaraoM 2,147 O0NHDDHCD IOHHNCOHO ^ CD ID 04 04 822 ^‘DOdCDNCD'HOO I mnhooo^wcoh ClHH rH 1 574 05 ID ^ CD 1 ID 00 t'- to CO U9p\[ - 772 HOCOOCDiON 1 CO 05 CD CO 04 CD CD HHW 399 00 CO 00 00 H CO ^ 1 NWD^NCOHW^ 274 TtH 05 1 CD TfH ^ rH mox 3,358 CO CD 00 ID Tt< 00 1 (NiOONONH 00 05 rH rH CO CO 1, 499 ODOONHHHtNO I CD^CIOOCOH^NO 979 H CO to © 05 to to 00 IDHH sjooqos jo jeqranjsi s 337 05 © tD ^ 05 04 00 I D(NCDH 04 1 138 CD CD CD rH T* O 05 04 1 cohnhh 04 100 CD ^ CO tD rH rH rH ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Enrollment z spio 00 107, 773 29, 818 18, 574 34, 291 2,283 4,248 8, 281 10, 278 1 1 1 2, 992 18, 254 (6) 4, 719 3,275 2,251 1,259 2,707 5, 031 28, 780 16, 229 3, 554 4, 831 4, 166 t sitoa 111, 133 NHCOOiO^CO | CD ID tO 00 CD H O 00 04 ID CO 05 CD ID o' oT to" cf co" 00 O CO rH CO TH l 1 1 : Tt< CD 05 CO Tt< 05 O 1 CDN OONOOOHCD O CO NCOOCOOO^ co~ ocT ^ co~ 04~ i—T of to" 28, 908 | i> CO 04 CO CD 00 O ZD CO th" ^ pejnquT -sipun 2ui -ptqout ‘[Bjbx c* 223, 819 DD^CDCODH 1 00 04 I>- rH 05 00 CD 00 00 CO ^ 00 O 05^ cT 00 CD o CD CO CD rH CM 1 100, 782 CD CO 05 00 00 00 CO CD i— 1 1 IDHT^O^COCDINOO OCDODCDCODD^ CD'co'Vh'oTcD ^C^'iO'rH' tJHt-H rH 57, 688 32, 603 7, 225 9, 665 8, 195 Teachers 281 COCONWN^iO 1 00 CO ^ , 132 rjHHCDCD»DH^CDD I rH CO rH 04 04 8 1 Religious ueraoAV 6, 428 CO ID 00 CO ID I DOOCOtNOON CD - | 05 N O CO iNH XO N- CO i §> 00 cm" © © co CM N © r-H rH © CMV-ToT r>- N © S3 00*00 IOC5NO ■^000*0 f-T © 1-4 05" 18 CO 00 ©©©©©00©© 1 Lococooo^r^t^co lO CO rH o lO CO CO 1-4 CO" 1-4 II CO © 8 ^ H 00 ssa ^ CM ^ |3 «5MO>N i T). lO i ^7 CM rH CO N H © N- 00 1 CM co OSNHJO^ 1 1 re rH © © 05 to 00 N^tfOO N O CO O CO !-» CO 1 22 rH CO(NCOOCO^CO 00 CO ^ 00 ^ cm © £0^00 © rH © HH© CO TT *— 1 00 © 05 ^ 05 CO CO 1 ^ HIOHNM i xo 1 CO rH 1 i i i i i 00 © CM CO rH ^ CM rH CO © Cl © 0>OCON 01HO5C5 HCOHIO 8 ©©co©©©©co CM ^ i— i CO 05 xo co 1-4 CM 8 05 00 «c^e3 s NOON rH CM © s »C»Oh(N(N^^h I i-« CM r-H | s 00 © CM rH 00 X cm 5S O CO 05 CO n- © CO CO cm ©coVT CM CO lOiOCOO1^ CO xo 1 iO 05 rf iO N CM CO I xO CO CO CM 05 i-4 1 ° 00 co" © COCMh © oo © CO 00 oo ©"©" 05 s © cm co O (N N (N CO CO xo CO ! H O © iO C O © © 1 © © © ^ GO »ON XO CO © © CO © r-H l-4i-4 CO^"^ 1 *>" © © CM © © CM CM © © CM © oo"©"oo © 05 of re 100H03 CO »-H © © ^ 05 rH CO xo 00 t> © xo co 1 40 05 CM©©©©©COtT I (NXO©©©N^ 00 CO rH CO 00 CM CO 1 t>7 CST 1—4 1-4 8 N- XO CM ©HN 1—4 rH CO CM © © 5©Sf 05 s? CO 00 CO 05 1 10 co i-4 l H CO © © 1 III 1 CO Wh i i 8 r-H CM CM a 8 I o> cm" 8 HrHdTji 1 00 i re ©©HO0©r-iO0© II © © CO CM 05 CM CM CO CM rH § © cm" © © © CO co ©CO © cm" CM co N CO N N N 1 ° 1 1 rH CM XO 0s* 1 1 || 1 1 H 1 l 1 1 1 CO CO © CM CM CM © CO 00 CO CO XO Tfl rH NHtOr^ »H Tt< CM © 1 00 CO n- © co co rH co oo © || C©^hhOW CM ^ CO CM 1 °0 a co" © © © © ^ © CO CO cm" 8 ^CjCOrH T*,?l'0co 1 00 05 H W^NO©lOrH || ^ CM ©CO 1-4 © co ^ co © © CO Vest South Central . _ Arkansas . . . Louisiana _ . _ Oklahoma . _ ... Texas _ _ Fountain _ Montana _ _ _ .. Idaho _ Wyoming _ _ _ Colorado.. _ _ _ New Mexico _ . _ Arizona _ _ _ _ _ Utah _ _ _ Nevada. _ _ 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III i C 1 i : 2 I to 1 i e ^ H 5 S'* 3 POO a-o 3 S 0 S £tJ. flTf. ■OS jj g SnoA s-i"l “mod m .2 +j ^ ■c ft-S S Oco£ § 3(3m W “ a °sl § d o. I i b. 1 8 u Q-Sa a as -O' S “ V- 2 i> o Pi P u s J?,s . 02 ~ ** 3 O oo o FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United Stales , 1946-48 Prepared by Lester B. Herlihy, Specialist in Educational Statistics , assisted by Clarence G. Lind, under the direction of Emery M. Foster Head , Reports and Analysis Branch, Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents CONTENTS Text Page Foreword . VI Introduction . 1 Classification of City Systems . 1 Coverage . 2 Enrollments . 2 School Attendance . 3 Pupil-Teacher Ratio . 4 Length of School Year and Days Attended . 5 Supervisory and Teaching Staff . 6 Salary Expenditure . 7 Sources of Revenue for City School Systems . 9 Distribution of City School Expenditures . 11 Current Expenditure Per Pupil . 13 Value of School Property . 14 City School District Bonded Indebtedness and Capital Outlay . 14 Expenditures for Capital Outlay . 15 Adult Education: Americanization, Night, and Part-Time Schools . 16 Summer Schools . 17 Text Tables I. Percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance in full¬ time day schools in city systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 3 II. Number of pupils enrolled and number in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 4 III. Number of days schools were in session and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city school systems, by population group, 1939-40 to 1947-48 . 5 IV. Distribution of city school systems according to number of days the public schools were in session, 1947-48 . 6 V. Percentage of men teachers in full-time day schools, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 6 VI. Number of teachers per supervisor and per principal in city school systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 7 III IV CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued Page VII. Average annual salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers in city public day schools, and percentage increase, by population group, 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1947-48 . 8 VIII. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems, by population group, 1947-48 . 10 IX. Percentage analysis of current and total expenditure in city school systems, by population group, 1947-48 . 11 X. Range in percentage of amounts devoted to each of the six major current expenditure accounts for 237 cities, by population group, 1947-48 . 12 XI. Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in full-time day schools in city systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 13 XII. Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 14 XIII. Bonds outstanding, less amount in bond reserves and sinking funds per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 15 XIV. Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for capital outlay in city school systems, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 16 XV. Adult and part-time education: Americanization, night, and continuation schools in city school systems, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 16 XVI. Summer schools in city school systems, 1937-38 to 1947-48 . 17 Summary and Detail Tables 1. Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data, by school level, for five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 popu¬ lation or more, 1947-48 . 18 2. Personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 . 24 FOREWORD Y^ITH THE INCREASE in urbanization and the consolida- T tion of school administrative units, more and more chil¬ dren are receiving their basic education in city school systems. Half (50.1 percent) of all children in the entire public elementary school and secondary school system in 1947-48 were enrolled in the separately organized city school systems dealt with in this bulletin. In some States (especially Florida, Louisiana, Mary¬ land, and West Virginia), city schools are part of a county-unit system; such schools are not included in this report. If all the children who attend such county-administered urban schools were included in the present study, considerably more than half of all children would be found to be attending urban schools. The problems of city schools are sufficiently unique to require the separate publication of data regarding such schools. The Office of Education published such a report annually from 1871 through 1917, and has published a similar report biennially since 1918. By subtracting the data for separately organized city school systems of a State from the data for each State as a whole, it is possible to make a rough estimate for the rural school systems of the State. This is another reason why accurate and com¬ plete data for the city school systems of the Nation have always been regarded of prime importance. A new feature of the present report is the inclusion of detailed data for a sample of cities of Group IV (population 5,000-9,999) and of Group V (population 2,500-4,999). This is the first time that such data have been given in the report on Statistics of City School Systems. Herbert S. Conrad Chief, Research and Statistical Service. Ralph C. M. Flynt Director, Special Educational Services v Statistics of City School Systems, 1947-48 Introduction rpms CHAPTER on city school systems of the Biennial Survey of -*• Education continues the regular series of periodic reports published by the Office of Education since 1871. The primary purpose of the report is to present statistically the status of city school systems in 1947- 48. It also reviews the more important trends and changes which have occurred during the past decade in school systems of cities with population of 2,500 or more. This report does not include statistics on urban schools which are administered as part of a larger unit (such as a county1), because separate reports for such schools, apart from the total administrative unit, are not obtainable. It is to be noted, therefore, that while the statistics presented in this report are for city school systems, they do not cover the schools in all cities. Excluded also, as a class, are the statistics on schools in incorporated places of less than 2,500 population. Classification of City Systems For purposes of analysis, the city school systems are classified into five groups according to the population reported in the United States Census of 1940. The number of cities in each group and the number of independent school systems in these cities are as follows: Number of Number of Group Size cities in city school 1 940 census systems Total all groups (2,500 population and more) . 3, 464 8,304. Group I (100,000 population and more) . 92 89 Group II (30,000 to 99,999 population) . 257 254 Group III (10,000 to 29,999 population) . 728 742 Group IV (5,000 to 9,999 population) . 1,016 917 Group V (2,500 to 4,999 population) . 1,371 1,202 In a number of instances there are two or more school systems, or school districts2 within a city, and in the case of the two cities of May- wood-Melrose, Ill., the schools in these adjoining towns constitute elementary and high-school districts administered to serve in common both cities. 1 The county unit system prevails in the States of Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, West Virginia, and to some extent is found in Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, and a few other States. 2 The boundaries of a city school district may or may not be coterminous with those of a municipality; whether this is true or not, the school district organization in most cases is an independent governmental unit not to be confused with the unit of government for the municipality. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 The Office does not collect statistics on the rural schools as such, but, ^ with proper adjustments for cities in the larger administrative units, it is possible to use the material in this study for estimating the data for rural schools in any given year for which the survey is made. The subtraction of the adjusted figures of city school systems from the total for the j States, as reported by each of the State departments of education, 3 permits one to make a rough estimate of the rural school figures for the i Nation. Detailed statistics are presented for each of the city school systems in cities of 30,000 population and more. For the cities in Group III (popu¬ lation 10,000 to 29,999), data are reported in detail for 435 school systems J in 415 cities (constituting a sample of the total 728 cities in this Group). , Heretofore, in this series, each of the Group III cities had been reported 1 in detail. The number of Group III city school systems reported in detail has been reduced in order to make possible the inclusion of the ; detailed statistics for a sample of Group IV and Group Y city school I systems (218 cities being included in the sample of Group IV and 210 ' in the samples of Group V). This is the first biennial chapter in which j statistics have been given in detail for individual school systems in cities j of 2,500 to 9,999 population. Coverage The basic data used for this report are derived from reports made by ] the city school systems or the State departments of education. In a few | cases where returns were not received direct, or via the State depart- j ments of education, it was necessary to use data for a previous biennium —usually 1945-46. In all such cases footnotes indicate this usage. The detailed data for the individual cities of Groups III, IV, and V I have been augmented by the totals for the city school systems not i reported in detail, in order to give the State totals for each of these city groups for the various items involved (table 2) . Enrollments During the regular school session of 1947-48 there were 12,188,845 pupils enrolled in the public day schools of city systems in places of 2,500 population and more. Of this number, 6,208,545 were boys, and 5,980,300 were girls. Of this same total enrollment, the nursery and kindergarten schools reported 775,171 pupils; the elementary schools, 6,924,841; the secondary schools, 4,298,433; and the institutions of post-secondary level which were directly administered by the city board of education and city school superintendent reported enrollments of 190,427 men and women students. In addition to the above, the city school systems reported 1,177,282 pupils enrolled in part-time school activities (adult, American¬ ization, night, and continuation schools), and 264,651 pupils enrolled in summer schools. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 The regular full-time day enrollments in city public-school systems excluding junior college students constituted 50 percent of the com¬ parable total regular full-time day public-school enrollment in the United States for 1947-48. More than half of all public-school pupils are attending urban schools, if cities in county-unit school systems are included. The nursery, kindergarten, and elementary school enrollment in city school systems (7,699,985), including as elementary only the enrollments in the grades preceding the junior high school in reorganized systems , was 46 percent of the estimated total of 16,618,000 pupils for the Nation on the same basis. The secondary school enrollment of 4,298,433, including all junior high schools hut excluding any junior colleges in city school systems, was 59 percent of the estimated 7,327,000 pupils for the Nation on the same basis. This high percentage of secondary pupils in city schools is due partly to the transportation at public-school expense of rural pupils to city high schools. School Attendance The percentage of enrolled pupils in average daily attendance in 1937-38 was 86.7 as compared with 85.8 percent reported for 1947-48 (table I) showing a decrease of approximately 1 pupil in each 100. There has been, however, an upward trend in the relationship betwen enroll¬ ment and attendance since the World War II period, from 1941-42 to 1945-46, as evidenced by the 1943-44 low ratio of 83.2 pupils for all groups combined. Table I. — Percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems , by population group , 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V * 2 3 4 5 6 1937-38 86.7 86.1 86.5 87.5 87.3 1939-40 ... .. _ 86.6 85.2 87.2 88.4 87.8 1941-42 _ 84.1 82.2 85.3 86.0 85.9 1943-44 83.2 80.8 84.4 86.3 85.1 1945-46 _ 83.9 82.3 84.9 85.4 85.3 1947-48 _ 85.8 83.9 87.3 87.8 87.1 From the trends registered by the individual groups of city school systems, (table I) it seems that the more populous the city the greater was the percentage decline (from 1937-38 to 1943-44) in average daily attendance as related to enrollments. This inverse movement between size of city and the percentage of enrollment in attendance is particularly evident in the data for the Group I and II city systems. Group I cities reached a low in attendance of 80.8 pupils per each 100 enrolled in 1943-44, a drop of 5.3 pupils per each 100 enrolled as reported 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 in 1937-38. Group II cities registered a smaller reduction of 2.8 pupils per 100 between 1937-38 and 1943-44; the cities in Groups III, IV, and V maintained larger percentages of attendance to enrollment during the war years than did the cities in Groups I and II. The 1947-48 ratio of enrollment in average daily attendance is still smaller by 2.2 pupils per hundred in the group of largest cities than it was in 1937-38, although since 1943-44 the attendance increased by 3.1 pupils for each 100 en¬ rolled. The percentages for each of the other three groups in 1947-48 approximated the high marks of prewar years. The average daily attendance in 1947-48 was 10,455,100 for all levels of education from kindergarten through elementary, secondary, and college grades (under the city public-school system administration), or 85.8 percent of the total enrollment for city school systems. The total attendance figure reported for the city school systems was 50.1 percent of the total reported nationally for all full-time public elementary and secondary day schools. The 87.3 pupils in attendance reported nation¬ ally for each 100 enrolled in public schools was greater by 1.5 pupils per each 100 enrolled than that reported for all city public-school systems. Here again is additional evidence of attendance being better generally in the smaller school districts over the country than in the large city school systems. Pupil-Teacher Ratio By dividing the total number of pupils by the total number of teaching positions one may obtain a quotient which is technically known as the “teaching load,,, or “the pupil-teacher ratio. ” Only the classroom teachers (in terms of number of positions) are included in this ratio. The average teaching load in all city school systems combined was 29.1 pupils enrolled and 25.0 pupils in average daily attendance for the 1947-48 school year. The average number of pupils per teacher in 1937-38 was greater by four pupils enrolled and by three pupils in average daily attendance Table II. — Number of pupils enrolled and number in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems , by population group , 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V En¬ rolled Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ rolled Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ rolled Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ rolled Average daily attend¬ ance En¬ rolled Average daily attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1937-38 _ 33 28 34 29 32 27 32 28 32 28 1939-40 _ 32 28 33 29 30 27 31 27 31 27 1941-42 _ 31 26 33 27 29 24 29 25 29 25 1943-44 _ 31 25 33 27 29 24 29 25 29 25 1945-46 _ 30 25 32 27 28 24 29 25 29 25 1947-48 _ 29 25 31 26 27 24 28 24 28 24 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 than reported for all groups of cities in 1947-48 (table II). Contrary to the general expectation, the teaching load in each group of cities for 1947-48 has not only maintained the trend started in 1943-44 of fewer pupils per teacher than in previous bienniums, but, in the case of the Group I and III cities averaged less in 1947-48 than reported for 1945-46. Length of School 1 ear and Days Attended The average length of the city school year in actual days devoted to instruction has remained practically the same, between 180 to 182 days, over the last decade (table III). There is much more variation in the lengths of school year for individual school systems. It was found (table IV) that 1,681 city school systems, or 52.9 percent of the total, had a school year varying from 176 to 180 days in length. A school year of 176 days, or longer, was supported by 82.8 percent of the cities enumer¬ ated. The average length of the school year for a combination of tw^o or more systems is determined by dividing the aggregate attendance (the total number of days attended by all pupils) by the average daily attendance. Using this formula, the average length of the school year for all the city school systems combined in 1947-48 was 181.9 days. The average for all public elementary and secondary schools m the Nation was 177.6 days for the school year in 1947-48. Only 549 city school systems had a school year of less than 176 days, while 949 systems had school years of 181 days or more. More than 50 percent of the city school systems in Groups I and II had a school year of more than 180 days. The average length of school year of 184 days in Group I cities exceeded that of Group II by 3 days, and that of the Groups III, IV, and V cities by 4 days (table III). Table III.— Number of days schools were in days attended by each pupil enrolled in ci group , 1939-40 to 1947—48 session and average number of ty school systems , by population Population group 1939- 40 Days in session 1941- 1943- 42 44 1945- 46 1947- 48 1939- 40 Days attended 1941- 1943- 42 44 1945- 1947- 46 48 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All groups combined. . 182 182 180 181 182 158 153 150 152 Group I--. Group II.. Group III. Group IV 185 181 180 179 186 179 179 177 185 181 177 175 184 181 179 178 184 181 180 180 158 153 149 158 153 152 159 154 152 157 152 149 151 L54 153 152 156 154 158 158 157 1 Groups IV and V combined. The average pupil enrolled in a city public-school system attended only 156 (table III) of the approximately 182 days provided in 1947-48. Absence from classes by pupils during the school year represented an average loss per enrolled pupil of 26 days, or 14.3 percent of the school 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 term. For the Nation as a whole, the similar loss was 22.5 days, or 12.7 percent of the school term. Table IV. — Distribution of city school systems according to number of days the public schools were in session, 1947-48 Length of term in days All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent Num¬ ber Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total _ 3,179 100.0 89 100.0 241 100.0 730 100.0 2,119 100.0 161—165 2 (!) 0 0 0 2 0.1 166-170 29 0.9 1 1.1 0 9 1.2 19 1.0 171-175 _ 518 16.3 9 10.1 27 11.3 114 15.6 368 17.4 176-180 _ 1,681 52.9 34 38.2 86 35.7 350 47.9 1,211 57.1 181-185 _ 550 17.3 26 29.2 74 30.7 143 19.6 307 14.5 186-190 _ 293 9.2 16 18.0 36 14.9 86 11.8 155 7.3 191-195 _ 53 1.7 1 1.1 9 3.7 15 2.1 28 1.3 196-200 . 53 1.7 2 2.3 9 3.7 13 1.8 29 1.3 i Less than 0.1 percent. Supervisory and Teaching Staff The public day school systems in cities having a population of 2,500 and more reported for 1947-48 the following professional personnel (see Table 1, Comparative Summary) : 5,666 superintendents, assistant super¬ intendents, and other administration staff members; 5,129 supervisors; 18,847 principals; and 418,580 teachers and other instructional staff, counting but 1 person to a teaching position. The men numbered 88,395, or 21.1 percent of the total number of teacher and other instructional staff reported in 1947-48 (table V). In the 10-year period (1937-38 to 1947-48), the percentage of men teachers employed for all groups com¬ bined was highest in 1941-42, the prewar school year. Of the five city groups, the largest percentages of men employed as teachers were re¬ ported for the Group III, IV, and Y cities, populations 2,500 to 29,999. In 1947-48, these three groups reported percentages that were still lower than in 1939-40 or 1941-42, although they were appreciably higher than the percentages shown for the war years of 1943 to 1946 (table V). Table V. — Percentage of men teachers in full-time day schools, by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V 1 2 3 4 5 6 1937-38 _ _ 19.1 18.3 18.1 18.7 21.9 1939-40 _ _ 20.6 19.7 19.4 21.0 23.5 1941-42 _ --- - - 21.5 20.1 20.6 22.4 24.1 1943-44 _ 17.6 18.0 17.5 18.2 16.5 1945-46 _ _ 19.1 19.3 18.4 18.6 19.6 1947-48 . . . 21.1 20.8 20.3 21.7 21.8 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 Until 1943-44, the proportion of men to women teachers employed by the city school systems had steadily increased through the prewar years. The demands of the military and war services reversed this trend, and in 1943-44 the percentage of men employed was lower than that of 1937-38 in each of the five city groups. The trend since 194o-46 has been upward, and nearly equals the high percentage for 1941-42. The ratio of women teachers to men teachers in 1947-48 averaged 3 7 to 1 ; the highest ratio of 3.9 women to each man teacher occurred in the Group II cities, 30,000 to 99,999 population, while the Groups IV and V cities (population 2,500 to 9,999) reported the lowest ratio of 3.6 women to a man teacher. Thus, the groups of smaller city school systems employed the largest proportion of men in teaching positions. The ratio of 82 teachers to a supervisor reported in 1947-48 for all groups was the lowest in city school systems since 1937-38. The pro¬ portion of teachers employed to principals did not vary greatly from the 1945-46 school year, except in the Group IV and V cities, which reported in 1947-48 only 21 teachers as compared to 24 teachers per principal for 1945-46. There has been a steady downward trend since 1937-38 in the number of teachers per principal employed for each of the groups of city school systems (table VI). The number of teachers averaged 82 to a supervisor, and 22 to a principal in 1947-48, 3 fewer in each case than in 1937-38. Table VI. — Number of teachers per supervisor an systems , by population grojip, 19j (l per principal in city 7-38 to 1947-48 school Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal Per super¬ visor Per prin¬ cipal l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1937-38 85 91 92 95 90 82 25 24 24 22 23 22 107 119 117 112 93 94 24 24 24 23 23 23 64 66 62 63 61 55 24 24 23 22 22 22 60 61 62 64 76 65 23 22 23 21 22 22 125 119 150 196 174 127 36 27 28 22 24 21 1939-40 ______ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 _ - _ 1945-46 _ __ _ 1947-48 Salary Expenditure In 1947-48 the average salary of principals in the city public-school systems over the Nation was $170 higher than that of supervisors, and $1,292 higher than that paid teachers (table VII). Salaries of supervisors had increased an average of $1,786, or 72.8 percent in 1947-48 over 1937-38; those of principals, $1,432, or 48.1 percent; and the teacher salary increase averaged $1,224, or 64.7 percent, in the 10-year period. The 10-year salary increases not only have failed to maintain parity Table VII. — Average annual salaries of supervisors , principals , and teachers in city public day schools , and percentage increase, by population group , 1937-38 , 1939-40 , one? 1947-48 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 in amount with the general rise in living costs for the decade, but also have been greatly affected by State and Federal Government taxes on personal income.3 Prior to 1939-40 the salary income of the teaching profession paid from State and local funds was exempt from Federal and State personal income taxation. Thus, since 1939-40, the applica¬ tion of these Federal and State taxes to the salary income of public- school personnel has operated to reduce materially the full economic gains which salary increases otherwise would have produced for the teaching profession. The imposition of the income tax and, in addition, the effects of the inflation on the purchasing power of the dollar have served to cancel in large measure the highly publicized salary increases given to public-school teachers since 1937-38. Incidentally, the average salary increase of #1,236 reported for the total instructional staff of city school systems between 1937-38 and 1947-48 was only $38 greater than that reported as an average ($1,198) for the schools of the Nation for the same period. . . The Group II cities reported the largest average monetary gam m the amount of salaries paid, while the Group IV and V cities had the largest proportional gain (94.4 percent) for the 10-year period (table VII). Similarly, for teachers’ salaries, the larger systems averaged the greater monetary gains, while the two groups of smaller city systems made proportionately larger average salary increases for the decade. The average salary paid the instructional staff, e. g., supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers by city school systems, in 1947-48 was $3,184, as compared to $2,639 for the country as a whole. The difference is $545, or 20.7 percent Sources of Revenue for City School Systems A percentage distribution of revenues by source in 1947-48 for all city school systems (i. e., those having populations of 2,500 and more) shows that they were derived as follows: 60.5 percent from local sources; 28.4 percent from State Governments;4 6.9 percent from county governments; 1.8 percent from such miscellaneous sources as proceeds from fines, gifts, etc.; and 2.4 percent directly from the Federal Government (table VIII). A corresponding distribution made for the 1937-38 school year shows that the major changes in the percentages have occurred in the revenue derived from State and county sources, both of which increased in 1947-48 * Between 1939-40 and 1947-48, the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Price I»te ™e from 100 to 170. Multiplying $2,071 million, the total current expenditure in 1947-48, by 100/170 yields $1 218 which is approximately the total current expenditure for 1939-40 in the city school systems of the Nation. Thus, since the greater part (70 to 85 percent) of the total current expenditure consists of the amount paid in salaries, the teacher salary, in terms of uniform purchasing power, was no better in 1947-48 than in 1939-40. In fact, the imposing of State and Federal personal income taxes (which average around 15 percent) on teachers’ salaries in 1939-40 and the inflationary price spiral of the postwar years have acted to decrease the purchasing power of the teacher below that of 1939 40. 4 Includes funds provided by the Federal Government for vocational education and distributed to city school districts by the respective States along with State funds for vocational education. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 over 1937-38, with corresponding percentage reductions in revenues derived from local sources. There is considerable variation in the percentage distribution of revenue receipts by source for the same year for city school systems of different groups. One of the most significant of these variations and one which can be explained, at least in part, relates to the percentages from State sources. The school systems in Group IV and V cities, those having populations of 2,500 to 9,999, received much larger percentages of their funds from the State governments than did those of other groups (table VIII). The distribution of State funds is made on the principle that such help should be apportioned to local school districts in accordance with their needs. Consequently, small city school sj^stems, being less able, generally, to support schools, receive a proportionately larger share of State funds than do the school systems in the large cities. For ex¬ ample, Group I and II cities each received less than 30 percent of their financial support from State funds, while the Group IV and V cities received 34 and 37 percent, respectively, of their school funds from this source. The Group III cities, which are of intermediate size (popula¬ tions 10,000 to 29,999), received 30 percent of their total school revenues from the State governments. Table VIII. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city school systems , by population group , 1947-48 Population group Total Federal Gov¬ ern¬ ment (direct) State govern¬ ment, including Federal aid for voca¬ tional educa¬ tion County govern¬ ment Local sources All other sources Total from local sources From taxation and municipal appropri¬ ations for current expense From taxa¬ tion for debt service From other districts for tuition and transfers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1948 All groups combined _ 100.0 2.4 28.4 6.9 60.5 54.6 3.9 2.0 1.8 I . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3.5 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.7 26.1 25.6 30.0 34.2 37.1 5.4 6.2 8.5 9.4 10.6 63.7 64.5 57.7 52.3 48.0 60.6 56.9 50.1 42.9 39.1 2.7 5.7 4.5 4.9 4.1 0.4 1.9 3.1 4.5 4.8 1.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.6 II _ _ Ill _ IV . . V . . . . 1938 All groups combined _ 100.0 1.3 23.0 2.2 71.8 61.5 8.9 1.4 1.7 Percent of change 1938 to 1948 . . . . + 1.1 +5.4 +4.7 -11.3 -6.9 -5.0 +0.6 +0.1 The total funds for school purposes distributed by the county govern¬ ments were likewise apportioned so that the largest proportion of funds from this source went to the smaller cities. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 The percentages of the total amount received from local sources of taxation declined considerably between 1937-38 and 1947-48. Particu¬ larly is this true of the percentages representative of the amounts derived from taxation for debt service (table VIII column 8) which in 1937-38 were 8.9 percent of the total as compared with 3.9 percent in 1947-48. The decline may be explained by the fact that during the war years the local school districts continued liquidating outstanding indebtedness; while the floating of new bond issues was held to a minimum, thus reducing the percentages of the total revenue receipts necessary to meet debt service charges. Of the $2,336,827,908 reported as revenue receipts for 1947-48 by the 3,204 city school systems, the 89 Group I cities accounted for 46.7 percent; the 254 Group II cities, for 17.6 percent; the 742 Group III cities, for 17.5 percent; the 917 Group IV cities, for 10.0 percent; and the 1,202 Group V cities, for 8.2 percent of the total for all cities reported. Of the national total of $4.3 billion revenue receipts available in 1947-48 for public-school purposes, $2.3 billion, or 53 percent of the total, was the share available to city public-school systems for use during the 1947-48 school year. Distribution of City School Expenditures An analysis of that part of the total expenditure which was used for current expenditures of all city school systems combined shows that 3.6 percent went for Administration (General Control); 71.9 percent for Instruction; 10.4 percent for Operation; 4.9 percent for Maintenance; 3.9 percent for Auxiliary School Services; 3.6 percent for Fixed Charges; Table IX. — Percentage analysis of current and total expenditure in city school systemsy by population groupf 1947-48 Purpose AU groups combined I II III IV V • 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current expenditures _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 General control _ 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.8 4.6 5.0 Instruction _ 71.9 71.9 73.3 72.3 71.1 69.6 Operation _ 10.4 9.9 11.1 11.2 10.6 10.1 Maintenance _ 4.9 4.9 5.2 4.7 4.6 4.3 Auxiliary services: Allocable to pupil cost _ 3.2 2.3 2.8 3.7 5.0 6.4 Nonallocable to pupil cost _ .7 .7 .6 .5 .4 .7 Fixed charges: Allocable to pupil cost _ 3.2 4.6 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.2 Nonallocable to pupil cost _ .4 .1 .7 .7 .7 .9 Part-time schools _ 1.5 2.0 1.2 .9 1.0 .8 Summer schools .2 .3 .2 .2 Total expenditures _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditure _ 83.0 82.7 83.8 83.9 82.4 82.0 Capital outlay _ 8.1 6.8 7.9 9.1 10.7 11.6 Debt service (excluding interest) _ 7.1 8.3 6.8 5.6 5.5 5.1 Interest payments _ _ 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 and 1.7 percent was allocated to Part-time and Summer School activities. Of the total expenditure, considering all city school systems again, 83.0 percent was used for Current Expenditures; 8.1, for Capital Outlay; 7.1 percent, for Debt Service, excluding interest; and 1.8 percent, for Interest during 1947-48. A comparison of the percentages of funds used for these various pur¬ poses shows that Group I and II cities used the largest proportion of their total current expense funds, 74.2 and 74.7 percent, respectively, for Instruction when the amounts used for part-time and summer school instruction are included with the expenditure reported for full-time day school instruction. The same groups of cities used the smallest percent¬ ages (3.3 and 3.1) for Administration (General Control). As the size of the city school system decreases, it would appear from the percentage analysis that the proportion of the total amount expended for Adminis¬ tration or General Control increases (table IX). The same thing is also true of the percentages of expenditure made for Auxiliary Services, in which the item of transportation increases greatly the total amounts expended by the small city school system as compared with that expended by the larger city systems in Groups I and II. The expenditures for Fixed Charges on the other hand, varies only in respect to the Group I cities, where the percentage of the total funds used is much greater than that of any of the other groups. This striking varia¬ tion reflects in great measure the amount expended by the Group I cities for retirement and pension systems. Expenditures for Operation and Maintenance vary but slightly for the several groups of cities of 30,000 and more population. Although the percentage distribution of the total expenditure for the six major current expenditure accounts appears to be fairly uniform among the different city-sized groups, the percentage analysis of the distribution made for individual cities within groups discloses wide varia¬ tions. For example, in a sample of 237 cities,5 the proportions of the Table X. — Range in percentage of amounts devoted to each of the six major current expenditure accounts for 237 cities , by population group , 1947-48 Purpose All groups combined (237 cities) Group I (50 cities) Group II (55 cities) Group III (69 cities) Groups IV and V (63 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Administration (general control) Instruction _ _ 1.4-10.2 59.9-86.8 5.1-18.8 .2-15.3 .1-21.6 .0-11.1 1.4- 6.9 65.2-85.4 6.3-16.4 2.9- 8.1 .1- 8.5 .0-11.1 1.8- 6.0 59.9-86.3 6.1- 17.3 1.1- 15.3 .1- 7.9 .0- 6.7 1.6- 6.4 66.0-86.8 6.4-18.8 .2-12.6 .1-11.3 .0- 8.4 2.2-10.2 61.7-86.2 5.1-17.0 .2- 9.5 .0-21.5 .0- 9.2 Operation school plant _ Maintenance school plant - Auxiliary services _ _ Fixed charges _ * See Expenditure Per Pupil in City School Systems, 1947-48. Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Circular No. 260. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 total current expenditures ranged from 1.4 to 10.2 percent for Adminis¬ tration; 59.9 to 86.8 percent for Instruction; 5.1 to 18.8 for Operation of School Plant; 0.2 to 15.3 percent for Maintenance of School Plant; from 0.1 to 21.6 percent for Auxiliary School Services; and from 0.0 to 11.1 percent for Fixed Charges (table X). Current Expenditure Per Pupil The total current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance was $198.99 in full-time city public day schools in 1947-48. This was $19.56, or 10.9 percent greater than the similar expenditure of $179.43 for all public schools, city and rural. For all city groups combined, the average expenditure per pupil increased in 1947-48 by 95.9 percent over the 1937-38 expenditure. The expenditure per pupil in the Group I city school systems showed an average increase of $100.81 per pupil, or 84.4 percent, from 1937-38 to 1947-48. For Group II, the increase for the 10-year period averaged $107.42, or 108.8 percent, per pupil; for Group III, it was $96.39, or 113.8 percent; and for Groups IV and V combined, the expenditure increase per pupil was $91.52, or 121.6 percent greater than in 1937-38. Although the groups of larger cities had mone¬ tary increases in the expenditure per pupil greater than the groups of smaller city school systems, the proportion of increase was much larger for the groups of less populous cities (table XI). During the decade each biennium showed an increase in the amount of expenditure per pupil reported, and this increase gained momentum in 1943-44 with a 12.6 percent rise over the 1941-42 biennium for all groups of city school systems, 14.3 percent increase in 1945-46 over the Table XI. — Annual current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city systems , by population group , 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year All groups combined Group Group II Group III Groups IV and V • 2 3 4 5 6 Amount of expenditure: 1937-38 _ $101.60 $119.50 $98.72 $84.69 $75.23 1939-40 . . _ 106.63 127.22 101.80 87.32 80.00 1941-42 _ 116.90 137.44 113.62 99.98 89.70 1943-44 _ 131.64 153.80 131.10 112.58 103.14 1945-46 _ _ 150.47 174.01 152.63 132.79 123.97 1947-48 _ 198.99 220.31 206.14 181.08 166.75 Percentage increase: 1937-38 to 1939-40 4.9 6.4 3.1 3.1 6.3 1939-40 to 1941-42 _ 9.6 8.0 11.6 14.5 12.1 1941-42 to 1943-44 _ 12.6 11.9 15.4 12.6 14.9 1943-44 to 1945-46 _ 14.3 13.1 16.4 17.9 20.2 1945-46 to 1947-48 __ 32.2 26.6 35.1 36.3 34.5 Changes from 1937-38 to 1947-48: Amount of increase _ $97.39 $100.81 $107.42 $96.39 $91 .52 Percentage increase _ 95.9 84.4 108.8 113.8 121.6 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 previous biennium, and a 32.2 percent increase between 1945-46 and 1947-48. Value of School Property The value of school property (original cost plus cost of additions and improvements) per pupil in average daily attendance in 1947-48, for all city school systems combined, was $623. For the schools of the Nation as a whole, the value of school property per pupil was $385, or 61.8 percent of the average amount shown for the city school systems. With the exception of Group I for the 1945-46 biennium, there was a consistent increase reported each biennium in the value of school property per pupil for all groups of city school systems for the decade from 1937-38 to 1947-48 (table XII). The differences in the amount of these property values per pupil over the years is partly due to changes in the proportion of pupils in average daily attendance and to reporting readjustments in appraisals to conform to increased replacement costs in school property instead of reporting original cost as requested. At best, this is a difficult figure to collect because of the various bases on which value may be reported. Thus, these value figures should be used with caution. For all groups of city school systems combined the increase in the value of the school plant during the decade from 1937-38 to 1947-48 was $183, or 41.2 percent per pupil in average daily attendance. By groups of cities, the increase for Group I, was $184, or 37.9 percent per pupil for the decade; for Group II, $180, or 37.5 percent per pupil; for Group III, $194, or 48.4 percent; for Groups IV and V cities, $200, or 60.4 percent increase per pupil over the amounts in value reported in 1937-38. The total value of city school property was $6,511,175,000 in 1947-48 (table 1). Table XII. — Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems , by population group , 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V 1 2 3 4 5 6 1937-38 _ $440 $486 $480 $401 $331 1939-40 _ 474 539 485 430 355 1941-42 _ _ _ 520 592 536 475 388 1943-44 _ _ _ _ 637 657 578 506 457 1945-46 ... . . . . . 555 657 601 529 501 1947-48 623 670 660 595 531 City School District Bonded Indebtedness and Capital Outlay The bonded indebtedness in 1947-48, less amounts in school sinking funds and bond and interest accounts, for all city school systems of 2,500 population or more, was $1,181,209,000, or $112.98 per pupil in average CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 daily attendance (table XIII). Other forms of school debt outstanding in 1947-48, such as unpaid teachers’ warrants, short-term loans, and current obligations amounted to $31,620,000 for all groups of cities (table 1). Table XIII. — Bonds outstanding , less amount in bond reserves and sinking funds per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems , by population group, 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Groups IV and V Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. Total (in thou¬ sands) Per pupil in A.D.A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1937-38 _ 1,761,374 196.56 1,146,742 217.00 321,601 183.15 293,031 152.58 0) 0) 1939-40 _ 1,596,510 179.12 1,015,882 199.35 304,290 161.93 276,338 142.59 0) 0) 1941-42 _ 1,646,429 194.56 1,073,457 226.41 302,351 167.50 270,621 141.25 0) (») 1943-44 _ 1,403,057 176.07 923,920 210.60 255,621 150.68 223,516 118.56 0) 0) 1945-46 _ 958,442 94.48 417,774 95.87 203,419 119.16 184,625 98.16 152,624 72.73 1947-48 _ 1,181,209 112.98 447,993 100.32 247,215 139.33 234,646 118.76 251,355 112.24 1 Data not available. The total amount reserved in school sinking funds ($71,080,000) and in interest and bond accounts ($99,483,000) to meet interest and pay¬ ments on maturing term and serial bond obligations for all city school systems in 1947-48 has been deducted from the total bonded indebtedness of $1,351,772,000 reported for all groups of cities to get the net indebted¬ ness of $1,181,209,000 in 1947-48 (table XIII). The amount of bonds outstanding, less school bond reserves and sinking funds, per pupil in average daily attendance in 1947-48 was greater by $18.50 per pupil than the total reported for 1945-46 of $94.48 per pupil. This increase of 19.6 percent reflects, no doubt, the additional bond flo¬ tations made to meet the greater expenditure reported in 1947-48 for schoolhouse construction and purchases of equipment, as compared with that of 1945^6. Expenditures for Capital Outlay The 1947-48 Capital Outlay expenditure of $19.71 per pupil in average daily attendance for all city school systems was more than 8 times as great as that reported for 1943-44 of $2.41, and 4 times the $4.98 expended per pupil in 1945-46. (table XIV). The city school systems expenditure in 1947-48 for sites, new buildings, additions, improvements plus new equipment was $206,117,821, or $19.71 per pupil in average daily attend- 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 ance. In 1945-46 this capital outlay expenditure was only $49,976,245. or $4.98 per pupil in average daily attendance. Table XIV. — Total amount and expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for capital outlay in city school systems , by population group , 1937-38 to 1947-48 All groups combined Group Group II Group III Groups IV and V Year Total Total Total Total Total (in Per (in Per (in Per (in Per (in Per thou¬ sands) pupil thou¬ sands) pupil thou¬ sands) pupil thou¬ sands) pupil thou¬ sands) pupil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1937-38 _ $126,519 $11.37 $77,151 $14.60 $15,557 $8.86 $16,519 $8.60 $17,292 $7.99 1939-40 _ 130,263 11.73 66,725 13.09 24,103 12.83 19,536 10.08 19,899 9.07 1941-42 _ 61,725 5.80 24,663 5.20 10,490 5.81 12,071 6.30 14,501 6.68 1943-44 _ 24,269 2.41 10,107 2.30 3,488 2.06 5,004 2.65 5,670 2.28 1945-46 _ 49,976 4.98 17,622 4.04 8,915 5.22 9,777 5.20 13,662 6.51 1947-48 _ 206,118 19.71 81,923 18.35 34,221 19.29 38,989 19.73 50,985 22.77 Adult Education: Americanization , Night 9 and Part-Time Schools The last decade has seen a consistent increase in the number of cities maintaining adult education facilities (night, Americanization, part-time, and continuation schools) as a responsibility of the public-school board of education (table XV). The number of city school systems reporting such schools increased from 412 in 1937-38 to 876 in 1947-48. The expenditure for these adult education schools increased from $8,631,445 to $31,008,034 in the 10-year period; this is almost quadruple the 1937-38 total. Enrollments increased only 15.8 percent from 1937-38 to 1947-48; the cost per pupil rose from $8.49 in 1937-38 to $26.34 in 1947-48. The number of personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) increased 10.8 percent during the same period. Table XV. — Adult and part-time education: Americanization , night , and continuation schools in city school systems , 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year Number Expenditure for systems reporting Systems reporting Supervisors, principals, and teachers Enrolled Pupils to a teacher Total Per pupil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1937-38... . 412 18,617 1,016,435 54.6 $8,631,445 $8.49 1939-40 _ 482 20,495 1,099,343 53.6 8,441,447 7.68 1945-46 _ 532 18,607 956,154 51.4 15,268,980 15.97 1947-48 _ 876 20,625 1,177,282 59,7 31,008,034 26.34 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Summer Schools In 1947-48 the total number of city school systems that reported summer schools was 278, more than double the numb erfor 1937-38. Personnel (supervisors, principals, and teachers) increased in the same 10-year period by 120 percent; enrollment expanded from 106,270 to 264 651, or 149 percent; and expenditures increased from $771,305 in 1937-38 to $3,977,809 in 1947-48, an increase of 416 percent. The expen¬ diture per pupil enrolled in these schools, however, only slightly more than doubled during the decade. Table XVI— Summer schools in city school systems , 1937-38 to 1947-48 Year Number of systems reporting Number of supervisors, principals, and teachers Enrollment Pupil- instructional staff ratio Expenditure for systems reporting Total Per pupil 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1937-38 _ 135 170 173 278 3,661 3,938 5,402 8,042 106,270 127,452 215,254 264,651 29:1 32:1 40:1 33:1 $771,305 847,428 2,062,677 3,977,809 $7.26 6.65 9.58 15.03 1939-40 _ 1945-46 _ 1947-48 _ 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data, by school level, for the five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1947-48 Population grouping: based on U. S. Census of 1940 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 population Group III 10,000 to 29,999 population Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 population Group V 2,500 to 4,999 population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. — Attendance and personnel in public day schools Number of city school systems 3,204 89 254 742 917 1,202 Number of superintendents and other administrative staff _ 5,666 1,526 768 1,054 1,003 1,315 N umber of supervisors _ 5,129 1,815 1,342 1,249 486 237 Number of principals _ 18,847 7,440 3,335 3,765 2,300 2,007 Number of teachers and other instructional staff: Men _ _ 88,395 35,661 15,102 17,651 10,627 9,354 Women _ 330,185 135,607 59,361 63,659 39,108 32,450 Total . . . 418,580 171,268 74,463 81,310 49,735 41,804 Number of clerks (instruction) 15,572 9,224 2,584 2,153 1,020 591 Enrollment: Boys... _ _ _ 6,208,545 2,732,449 1,037,620 1,141,706 704,497 592,273 Girls _ 5,980,300 2,597,042 1,001,825 1,107,449 692,759 581,225 Total _ 12,188,845 5,329,491 2,039,445 2,249,155 1,397,256 1,173,498 Average daily attendance _ 10,455,160 4,465,625 1,774,352 1,975,837 1,220,446 1,018,900 Aggregate days attended _ 1,901,531,550 822,443,693 321,772,141 355,392,611 219,819,016 182,104,089 Length of school year (actual days in session). _ _ _ 181.9 184.2 181.3 179.9 180.1 178.7 Average number of days at¬ tended _ _ _ 156.1 154.4 157.7 158.0 157.2 155.1 Percent of enrollment in aver¬ age daily attendance _ 85.8 83.8 87.0 87.8 87.3 86.8 II. — Distribution of personnel and attendance in public day schools Nursery and kindergarten schools: Number of city systems— 1,629 72 162 389 456 550 Number of supervisors _ 55 25 12 9 6 3 Number of teachers: Women _ 13,060 7,066 2,367 1,864 977 786 Enrollment: Boys _ 395,700 225,423 62,211 55,746 29,579 22,741 Girls . . 379,471 218,497 56,758 53,561 28,922 21,733 Total. _ 775,171 443,920 118,969 109,307 58,501 44,474 Average daily attendance. 539,764 286,489 92,562 85,218 43,109 32,386 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ _ 59.4 62.6 50.3 58.6 59.9 56.6 Number of pupils in aver¬ age daily attendance per teacher _ 41.3 40.5 39.1 45.7 44.1 41.2 Number of schools _ 7,952 3,803 1,424 1,433 742 550 Elementary schools: 697 Number of city systems... 3,065 89 244 876 1,159 Number of supervisors _ 2,844 890 789 796 248 121 Number of principals _ 11,879 5,097 2,263 2,345 1,254 920 Number of teachers: Men _ 13,635 5,495 1,979 2,756 1,864 1,541 Women _ 207,842 85,803 36,672 39,881 24,804 20,682 Total . . . 221,477 91,298 38,651 42,637 26,668 22,223 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data , by school level , for the five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1947-48 — Continued Population grouping: based on U. S. Census of 1940 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 population Group III 10,000 to 29,999 population Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 population Group V 2,500 to 4,999 population ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 Enrollment: Boys . . . 3,549,489 1,499,302 587,003 658,847 434,276 370,061 Girls _ _ 3,375,325 1,418,997 560,235 629,418 415,507 351,168 Total _ _ 6,924,814 2,918,299 1,147,238 1,288,265 849,783 721,229 Average daily attendance - 6,034,577 2,521,948 1,008,885 1,135,462 740,179 628,103 Number of pupils enrolled 31.3 32.0 29.7 30.2 31.9 32.5 Number of pupils in aver¬ age daily attendance per teacher _ — 27.2 27.6 26.1 26.6 27.8 28.3 Number of schools - 19,376 5,941 3,192 4,399 3,084 2,760 Secondary schools: 89 239 687 Number of city systems.. _ 2,915 826 1,074 Number of supervisors - 2,184 874 528 439 231 112 Number of principals _ 6,813 2,281 1,032 1,385 1,035 1,080 Number of teachers: Men . . . 71,714 28,401 12,567 14,374 8,673 7,699 Women. . 107,005 41,522 19,796 21,547 13,236 10,904 Total _ 178,719 69,923 32,363 35,921 21,909 18,603 Enrollment: Boys . . . 2,141,358 929,445 366,281 409,235 238,429 197,968 Girls. . . . . 2,157,075 915,641 369,866 416,586 247,370 207,612 Total . . . 4,298,433 1,845,086 736,147 825,821 485,799 405,580 Average daily attendance . 3,756,011 1,584,024 646,760 734,076 434,577 356,574 Number of pupils enrolled 22.7 per teacher.. . . 24.1 26.4 23.0 22.2 21.8 Number of pupils in aver¬ age daily attendance per teacher... - 21.0 22.7 20.0 20.4 19.8 19.2 Number of schools _ 6,097 1,420 862 1,295 1,164 1,356 City universities, colleges, and normal schools: Number of city systems reporting - 140 21 27 43 24 25 Number of supervisors _ 46 26 13 5 1 1 Number of principals _ 155 62 40 35 11 7 Number of teachers: Men _ 3,046 1,765 556 521 90 114 Women . 2,278 1,216 526 367 91 78 Total _ 5,324 2,981 1,082 888 181 192 Enrollment: Men _ 121,998 78,279 22,125 17,878 2,213 1,503 Women _ 68,429 43,907 14,966 7,884 960 712 Total _ _ _ 190,427 122,186 37,091 25,762 3,173 2,215 Average daily attendance . 124,808 73,164 26,145 21 ,081 2,581 1,837 Number of schools _ 161 45 31 45 20 20 I 1 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data , by school level , for the five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1947-48 — Continued Population grouping: based on U. S. Census of 1940 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 population Group III 10,000 to 29,999 population Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 population Group V 2,500 to 4,999 population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 III. — Adult education, Ameri¬ canization, night, and con¬ tinuation schools Number _ of city systems reporting _ _ 876 76 148 248 215 189 Supervisors and principals. 904 459 155 172 86 32 Teachers _ 19,721 11,541 3,366 2,811 1,149 854 Total supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers.. 20,625 12,000 3,521 2,983 1,235 886 Enrollment _ ... 1,177,282 813,308 161,807 133,553 42,985 25,629 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ 59.7 70.5 48.1 47.5 37.4 30.0 IV. — Summer schools Number of city systems reporting. — - - 278 51 73 96 37 21 Supervisors and principals 397 241 62 66 13 15 Teachers _ 7,645 5,041 1,475 918 151 60 Total supervisors, prin- pals, and teachers _ 8,042 5,282 1,537 984 164 75 Enrollment _ 264,651 190,879 44,596 22,400 3,969 2,807 Number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ 34.6 37.9 30.2 24.4 26.3 46.8 V. — Receipts and balances Revenue receipts: From the Federal Govern¬ ment for veter ans’edu- cation - - $23,200,024 $12,131,466 $4,003,558 $3,084,417 $2,216,596 $1,763,987 From the Federal Govern¬ ment for purposes other than veterans’ education 34,253,119 25,641,067 1,656,071 3,198,170 2,201,116 1,556,695 From the State _ _ 663,220,441 284,306,145 105,499,104 122,661,575 79,548,764 71,204,853 From the county (taxes and appropriations) - 161,819,421 59,164,223 25,641,760 34,738,235 21,980,150 20,295,053 From local taxation - 1,200,745,379 617,380,123 217,644,334 196,944,430 95,752,849 73,023,643 From separate tax levy by district, city, or county, for debt service. .. .. 90,365,465 29,353,329 23,347,795 18,325,982 11,461,593 7,876,766 From appropriations from local civil divisions _ 74,773,993 43,081,318 17,232,558 8,098,587 4,290,296 2,071,234 From other school districts for tuition and transfers 45,352,106 5,061,272 7,756,324 12,763,126 10,599,219 9,172,165 All other local revenue receipts _ 43,097,960 14,303,830 9,377,024 9,436,542 5,067,234 4,913,330 Total revenue receipts.. 2,336,827,908 1,090,422,773 412,158,528 409,251,064 233,117,817 191,877,726 N onr evenue r eceipts : From loans and bond sales 271,118,719 132,402,403 35,924,963 50,367,688 32,433,586 19,990,079 All other nonrevenue re¬ ceipts _ 27,113,458 11,579,787 4,622,519 4,648,614 3,259,705 3,002,733 Total nonrevenue re¬ ceipts _ _ . 298,232,177 143,982,190 40,547,582 55,016,302 35,693,291 22,992,812 Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts 2,635,060,085 1,234,404,963 452,706,110 464,267,366 268,811,108 214,870,538 Balances from previous school year: For current operations _ 218,617,110 68,367,276 48,842,262 48,102,790 28,233,048 25,071,734 For building reserve _ _ 250,277,048 131,976,015 40,610,315 34,260,609 23,929,387 19,500,722 For serial bond interest and redemption _ 46,320,389 18,900,642 7,700,934 8,782,276 6,290,223 4,646,314 Grand total, all re¬ ceipts and balances 3,150,274,632 1,453,648,896 549,859,621 555,413,041 327,263,766 264,089,308 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data , by school level, for the five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1947—48 — Continued Population grouping: based on U. S. Census of 1940 Item Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V All groups 100,000 30,000 to 10,000 to 5,000 to 2,500 to combined population 99,999 29,999 9,999 4,999 and more population population population population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 VI. — Expenditures for full- time day schools General control: 32,055,178 14,346,351 5,616,913 5,851,247 3,453,670 2,786,997 43,606,956 18,170,236 5,794,557 7,823,669 6,126,556 5,691,938 75,662,134 32,516,587 11,411,470 13,674,916 9,580,226 8,478,935 Expenditure for instruction (full-time day schools) Salaries: 21 ,734,698 8,994,623 38,668,216 5,530,291 4,660,896 14,908,407 1,746,674 8,139,192 802,214 6,776,069 83 ^077 ,919 14,586,035 Teachers and other in- 1,304,127,589 31,690,639 625,734,625 20,017,144 227,670,372 5,290,925 222,376,644 4,140,446 126,556,852 1,511,406 101,789,096 1,000,718 1,506,233 Cost of free textbooks. ... Cost of supplies, school li- 15,445,151 6,306,128 2,403,542 3,295,590 1,933,658 braries, and other in¬ structional expenditure . 58,903,237 21,096,373 12,378,897 12,109,941 7,188,738 6,129,288 Total expenditure for instruction (full¬ time day schools).. 1,515,249,233 720,817,109 267,860,062 261,491,924 147,076,520 118,003,618 Operation of plant (janitors’ wages, fuel, light, etc.) - Maintenance of plant (repairs 218,923,214 99,057,489 40,451,467 40,405,770 21,988,034 17,020,454 and replacements) _ 102,331,213 49,367,395 19,147,714 17,142,427 9,407,039 7,266,638 Auxiliary services: Promotion of health _ 20,817,077 13,080,605 9,609,541 3,972,503 2,516,036 3,913,447 3,089,907 2,020,182 2,176,632 1,301,404 1,878,595 School lunch programs.... Extracurricular activities 3,419,435 allocated to pupil costs. 12,992,020 6,010,680 1,864,759 2,235,532 1,720,702 1,070,347 Transportation of pupils.. Community services: (not allocated to pupil costs) 21,217,369 4,403,808 1,709,408 4,174,055 4,357,988 6,572,110 Publiclibraries not de¬ voted to school use only _ 3,179,534 1,536,519 879,156 506,608 121,080 136,171 Other community services (public rec¬ reation, etc.) _ 8,599,238 5,095,647 1,189,387 1,097,614 497,579 719,011 Services to nonpublic schools (not allocated to pupil costs) _ 2,025,705 825,418 229,973 339,793 274,704 355,817 Fixed charges: Allocated to pupil costs. .. N ot allocated to pupil costs 68,205,967 46,489,273 6,644,447 7,117,102 4,177,738 3,777,407 (transfers between dis¬ tricts for tuition, etc.).. 9,207,895 1,397,991 2,420,672 2,514,071 1,375,881 1,499,280 Current expenditure allocated to pupil costs (full-time day schools) _ _ 2,048,478,832 971,691,317 355,577,866 353,335,080 202,505,061 165,369,508 Current expenditure not allocated to pupil costs (full¬ time day schools) . . 23,012,372 8,855,575 4,719,188 4,458,086 2,269,244 2,710,279 Total current ex¬ penditure, full¬ time day schools. 2,071,491,204 980,546,892 360,297,054 357,793,166 204,774,305 168,079,787 1 1 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data , by school level , for the five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1947-48 — Continued Population grouping: based on U. S. Census of 1940 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 population Group III 10,000 to 29,999 population Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 population Group V 2,500 to 4,999 population 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 VII. — Part-time schooling: adult education; Americani¬ zation, night, and continua¬ tion schools Expenditure for instruction _ 27,321,307 17,835,462 3,576,298 2,805,104 1,812,358 1,292,085 All other expenditure _ 3,686,727 2,321,158 723,099 401,913 134,909 105,648 Total expenditure _ 31,008,034 20,156,620 4,299,397 3,207,017 1,947,267 1,397,733 Expenditure per pupil enrolled 26.34 24.78 26.57 24.01 45.30 54.54 VIII. — Summer schools (con¬ ducted at public expense) Expenditure for instruction _ 2,936,788 2,128,723 443,434 292,092 47,376 25,163 All other expenditure _ 1,041,021 520,721 117,911 375,447 7,433 19,509 Total expenditure _ 3,977,809 2,649,444 561,345 667,539 54,809 44,672 Expenditure per pupil enrolled 15.03 13.88 12.59 29.80 13.81 15.91 Total current expendi¬ ture for day, part- time, and summer schools _ _ 2,106,477,047 1,003,352,956 365,157,796 361,667,722 206,776,381 169,522,192 IX. — Expenditure for capital outlay For sites, new buildings, addi¬ tions, and improvements _ 171,173,739 74,534,678 27,149,243 31,295,777 20,351,888 17,842,153 For new equipment _ 34,944,082 7,388,797 7,071,285 7,693,061 6,608,072 6,182,867 Total expenditure for capital outlay .... 205,117,821 81,923,475 34,220,528 38,988,838 26,959,960 24,025,020 X. — Expenditure for debt service For redemption of short term loans _ _ 64,945,932 52,465,415 6,212,310 3,184,872 1,988,545 1,094,790 F or redemption of school bonds : Paid from current funds. _ 93,429,906 43,426,788 18,397,467 15,625,384 8,678,564 7,301,703 Paid from sinking funds. . 12,919,123 5,113,067 3,082,619 2,968,732 1,057,632 697,073 Paid by issue of new bonds 1,049,095 604,000 216,000 64,000 165,095 For interest paid on indebted¬ ness: Paid from current funds.. 46,058,777 27,277,387 6,563,671 6,171,809 3,396,611 2,649,299 Paid from sinking funds. . 2,994,084 114,828 1,204,324 1,029,413 435,459 210,060 For payment into school sink¬ ing funds _ . .. 17,970,566 4,681,660 4,251,153 4,808,951 2,423,782 1,805,020 For all other items of debt service _ 2,975,378 270,136 944,970 681,370 648,732 430,170 Total expenditure from current funds for debt service _ 225,380,559 128,121,386 36,369,571 30,472,386 17,136,234 13,280,982 XI. — Balances carried to following school year For current operations _ _ 242,260,102 67,966,963 54,395,959 58,367,163 33,373,143 28,156,874 For building reserves _ 323,450,217 151,737,359 52,510,009 57,850,649 36,907,310 24,444,890 For serial bond interest and redemption _ _ 46,588,886 20,546,757 7,205,758 8,066,283 6,110,738 4,659,350 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal data , by school level , for the five groups of school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1947-48 — Continued Population grouping: based on U. S. Census of 1940 Item All groups combined Group I 100,000 population and more Group II 30,000 to 99,999 population Group III 10,000 to 29,999 population Group IV 5,000 to 9,999 population Group V 2,500 to 4,999 population i 2 3 4 5 6 7 XII. — Grand total expenditures Total current expendi¬ ture, all schools, cap¬ ital outlay, debt serv¬ ice, and balances _ 3,150,274,632 1,453,648,896 549,859,621 555,413,041 327,263,766 264,089,203 XIII. — Bonds and sinking funds School bonds outstanding at close of school year . . . 1,351,772,000 516,936,000 279,513,000 271,598,000 162,714,000 121,011,000 Other forms of school debt at close of school year . . 31,620,000 7,627,000 8,042,000 6,930,000 5,470,000 3,551,000 Total amount in school sinking funds at close of school year . . 71,080,000 37,391,000 10,301,000 9,673,000 6,147,000 7,568,000 Total amount in interest and bond accounts at close of school year 99,483,000 31,552,000 21,997,000 27,279,000 11,803,000 6,852,000 XIV. — Value of school property Total value _ 6,511,175,000 2,990,581,000 1,171,537,000 1,174,682,000 682,669,000 505,706 000 Value per pupil in average daily attendance . . 622.77 669.68 660.26 594.72 559.36 496.33 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group I. — Cities of 100,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Continental United States.. 1,815 7,440 35,681 135,607 2,732,449 2,597,042 4,465,625 26.1 822,443 2 3 Birmingham _ _ 10 51 178 1,280 24,409 24,507 41,228 28.3 7,424 4 243 927 4,141 14,357 316,421 287,371 499,391 89,257 5 Long Beach _ _ 23 41 377 1,020 28,090 23,704 36,325 26.0 6,466 6 Los Angeles _ _ 140 540 2,388 8,113 181,490 165,866 291,570 27.8 52,186 7 Oakland _ _ 24 108 172 1,398 24,158 23,687 45,804 29.2 8,153 8 Sacramento _ .. 16 34 228 510 10,609 10,379 17,908 24.3 3,062 9 San Diego _ 16 61 356 1,167 31,841 29,040 42,223 27.7 7,558 10 San Francisco _ _ 24 143 3 620 3 2,149 40,233 34,695 65,561 23.7 11,832 11 12 Denver _ _ 24 94 362 1,220 27,562 26,625 43,416 27.4 7,757 13 Connecticut _ 49 110 354 2,137 31,165 30,582 54,345 9,816 14 Bridgeport _ 9 45 74 658 10,062 9,986 17,549 24.0 3,184 15 Hartford _ 8 23 3 136 3 702 10,528 10,177 17,663 21.1 3,188 16 New Haven _ _ 32 42 144 777 10,575 10,419 19,133 20.8 3,444 17 Delaware 18 Wilmington _ 11 20 110 409 7,164 6,619 11,819 22.8 2,092 19 District op _ Columbia 20 Washington _ 45 163 585 2,810 49,687 49,058 85,558 25.2 14,945 21 Georgia 22 Atlanta - - - ... 13 67 272 1,279 26,407 25,919 43,581 28.1 7,890 23 Illinois _ 68 398 2,975 10,009 219,512 202,437 347,171 69,258 24 Chicago _ 55 367 3 2,846 3 9,528 210,667 193,591 333,594 29.3 66,719 25 Peoria _ _ _ 13 31 129 481 8,845 8,846 13,577 22.3 2,539 26 Indiana. _ 57 188 850 2,824 54,736 53,850 93,379 16,644 27 Fort Wayne .. _ 8 24 155 400 7,731 7,679 13,239 23.9 2,437 28 Gary _ 10 20 125 531 10,754 10,493 18,411 28.1 3,456 29 Indianapolis _ 26 121 430 1,542 28,581 28,368 48,899 24.8 8,506 30 South Bend _ 13 23 140 351 7,670 7,310 12,830 26.1 2,245 31 Iowa. _ 32 Des Moines . . . 10 27 200 828 15,422 14,948 25,501 24.8 4,585 33 Kansas _ 18 80 232 1,096 24,641 23,073 40,982 7,236 34 Kansas City - - - 8 33 118 478 11,942 11,117 19,781 33.2 3,462 35 Wichita _ _ 10 47 114 618 12,699 11,956 21,201 29.0 3,774 36 Kentucky _ 37 Louisville _ _ 11 59 275 1,192 20,616 20,243 34,740 23.7 6,522 38 Louisiana _ 39 New Orleans - 20 90 261 1,463 28,995 30,104 46,065 26.7 8,292 40 Maryland _ 41 Baltimore _ 60 132 712 2,900 60,109 57,431 95,745 26.5 18,024 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 Population or More Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Bonds out¬ Total standing Salaries and wages Supplies, school libraries, current Capital and all expenditures2 outlay for other Textbooks for full-time plant and forms of Teachers free to all and other day schools equipment school Supervisors Principals and other instructional staff Clerks pupils instructional expenses (in thousands) debts (in thou¬ sands) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 $8,994,623 $38,668,216 $625,734,625 $20,017,144 $6,306,128 $21,096,373 $980,550 $81,923,475 $524,567 1 2 42,068 200,262 3,791,779 102,479 10,000 89,228 5,058 52,462 8,704 3 1,304,635 4,972,647 69,916,776 3,573,660 523,386 3,496,660 115,166 17,453,541 121,664 4 111,855 218,773 5,556,542 421 ,432 42,927 303,762 8,692 723,308 11,638 5 709,941 2,950,090 39,109,863 1,979,401 310,692 1,808,340 64,707 12,148,280 68,951 6 130,961 444,691 6,100,275 302,003 32,765 265,579 9,675 1,156,154 19,811 7 56,924 177,963 2,534,514 152,758 14,365 184,421 4,182 678,948 7,277 8 96,481 302,311 5,339,315 339,105 19,231 323,941 8,422 1,944,489 8,007 9 198,473 878,819 11,276,267 378,961 103,400 1,610,617 19,488 802,362 5,980 10 11 108,504 454,399 5,253,177 233,271 41,527 256,130 8,748 906,053 1,858 12 191,136 510,319 8,048,489 211,206 59,076 211,184 12,013 112,073 5,227 13 49,003 200,410 2,171,169 28,347 19,071 62,606 3,071 16,780 1,385 14 42,789 164,317 3,043,687 147,039 27,371 90,126 4,827 13,170 3,797 15 99,344 145,592 2,833,633 35,820 12,634 58,452 4,115 82,123 45 16 17 60,500 102,000 1,628,049 50,655 24,657 71,626 2,369 37,702 40 18 19 204,362 767,148 11,297,709 333,565 132,056 357,239 18,965 9,155,048 (4) 20 21 35,931 276,352 3,926,370 125,424 50,586 88,886 5,768 1,012,679 165 22 432,946 2,386,098 51,382,162 1,960,256 965,970 2,017,952 81,674 6,850,502 16,081 23 382,166 2,257,010 49,540,462 1,922,907 965,970 1,132,922 78,771 6,593,792 13,336 24 50,780 129,088 1,841,700 37,349 (4) 84,986 2,903 256,710 2,745 25 277,158 886,976 13,554,960 300,462 349,389 20,857 868,181 10,725 26 40,996 111,094 2,137,061 39,295 (4) 59,124 3,027 46,531 115 27 59,789 114,602 2,303,243 94,824 (4) 93,392 3,513 236,955 2,920 28 126,155 543,571 7,181,393 123,747 (4) 158,111 11,210 158,823 6,594 29 50,218 117,709 1,933,263 42,596 (4) 38,762 3,107 425,872 1,096 30 31 78,499 136,158 2,852,087 84,451 27,068 172,412 4,592 415,474 5,520 32 80,256 356,671 3,779,894 21,609 (4) 214,949 5,838 590,654 3,421 33 32,706 166,321 1,537,040 21,609 (4) 72,505 2,527 27,319 1,366 34 47,550 190,350 2,242,854 0 (4) 142,444 3,311 563,335 2,055 35 36 59,015 316,548 5,422,082 123,524 (4) 182,208 7,447 77,053 325 37 38 100,820 468,000 5,356,661 83,691 (4) 110,689 8,052 109,342 5,978 39 40 391,974 634,026 12,772,521 168,781 127,037 403,027 19,532 431,652 21,027 41 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance, and fiscal data for Group I. — Cities of 100,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City CO o Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average Pupil- teacher Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 » 10 42 Massachusetts _ 71 293 1,701 5,396 105,459 98,006 172,687 30,570 43 Boston . . . . 0 103 952 2,289 52,332 47,435 82,825 25.6 14,555 44 Cambridge _ 11 20 142 355 6,092 5,377 9,543 19.2 1,628 45 Fall River . . 14 23 43 371 6,085 5,550 10,127 24.5 1,788 46 Lowell . . . 0 15 59 331 4,231 4,194 7,670 19.7 1,372 47 New Bedford . . 17 29 45 403 5,726 5,704 10,137 22.6 1,827 48 Somerville _ 4 12 141 387 7,524 7,066 12,262 23.2 2,140 49 Springfield _ 16 30 120 599 10,103 9,821 17,137 23.8 3,100 50 Worcester . . . 9 61 199 661 13,366 12,859 22,986 26.7 4,160 51 Michigan _ .. 98 453 2,298 6,635 168,978 142,837 151,759 127,488 263,503 219,454 49,585 41,477 52 Detroit (Includes WayneU.) 78 388 1,961 5,342 30.0 53 Flint . . . . - 9 33 177 696 14,804 14,008 24,554 28.1 4,545 54 Grand Rapids _ 11 32 160 597 11,337 10,263 19,495 25.8 3,563 55 Minnesota _ 54 173 702 3,133 459 61,280 8,507 58,386 7,498 103,484 13,692 18,138 2,444 56 Duluth _ 12 23 116 23.8 57 Minneapolis- _ _ 24 81 386 1,758 34,614 33,416 58,518 27.3 10,065 58 St. Paul. _ _ _ 18 69 200 916 18,159 17,472 31,274 28.0 5,629 59 Missouri. _ 23 245 800 3,728 1,481 80,692 78,238 28,740 131,360 50,106 25,378 10,021 60 Kansas City _ 2 113 331 30,456 27.7 61 62 St. Louis _ Nebraska _ 21 132 469 2,247 50,236 49,498 81,254 29.9 15,357 63 Omaha _ 12 49 126 894 17,166 15,976 28,521 28.0 5,305 64 New Jersey . . 127 189 1,346 90 4,589 506 79,048 8,623 75,161 8,031 128,573 14,192 23,627 2,569 65 Camden . . . . 2 28 23.8 66 Elizabeth _ _ _ 13 20 157 472 6,464 6,191 11,139 17.7 2,049 67 Jersey City — - 24 46 249 957 16,843 15,330 26,502 22.0 4,874 68 Newark . . . 75 42 490 1,632 29,625 29,478 48,611 22.9 9,086 69 Paterson _ 7 26 189 605 10,093 8,882 15,779 19.9 2,801 70 Trenton . . . 6 27 171 417 7,400 7,249 12,350 21.0 2,248 71 New York . . 189 1,493 25 8,370 75 29,029 548 551,455 6,824 525,897 907,651 10,888 168,757 1,979 72 Albany _ _ _ 27 6,236 17.5 73 Buffalo _ 19 102 571 2,332 38,629 34,061 62,475 21.5 11,355 74 New York _ _ _ 66 1,223 7,066 23,090 456,146 440,130 752,381 24.9 140,265 75 Rochester _ _ 14 46 3 314 3 1 ,090 18,166 16,773 30,075 21.4 5,597 76 Syracuse - - 29 52 160 910 15,062 13,491 24,109 22.5 4,532 77 Utica.. . . 12 16 74 463 6,876 6,248 11,226 23.5 2,079 78 79 Yonkers - - North Carolina ... 22 29 110 596 9,752 8,958 16,497 23.4 2,950 80 Charlotte . . . 1 23 54 521 9,055 8,911 16,105 28.0 2,899 81 Ohio . 123 584 2,299 9,080 1,099 454 184,633 179,289 20,697 314,742 36,083 57,870 6,603 82 Akron _ 8 54 223 21,484 8,730 27.3 83 Canton _ _ 4 26 139 8,546 15,474 26.1 2,801 84 Cincinnati _ _ 22 93 3 381 3 1,501 30,251 29,506 50,460 26.8 9,541 85 Cleveland . . 42 204 685 2,519 55,096 53,053 93,851 29.3 17,269 86 Columbus. _ _ 13 66 306 1,143 21,960 21,653 37,801 26.1 6,933 87 Dayton _ 5 54 180 642 16,207 16,023 28,295 34.4 5,054 88 Toledo . 18 52 207 1,018 19,258 18,163 31,843 26.0 5,859 89 j Youngstown . . 11 35 3 178 3 704 6 11,647 6 11,648 20,935 23.7 3,810 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued Population or More — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures2 for full-time day schools (in thousandls) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 280,605 1,296,981 23,866,204 297,328 295,391 981,352 37,453 1,162,044 2,261 42 (4) 579,26-1 12,124,951 227 , 65£ 95,219 494,972 19,348 (4) 1,371 43 55,000 90.00C 1,670,000 10.00C 24,591 49,514 2,600 9,647 (4) 44 49,000 80.50C 1,200,227 10.00C 16,797 37,962 1,888 10,504 (4) 45 (4) 52.50C 1,123,204 (4) 17,958 (4) 1,550 32,267 (4) 46 52,680 120,227 1,297,765 12,369 14,671 29,263 1,972 23,875 20 47 15,925 55,990 1,606,387 12,300 20,748 58,311 2,304 794,436 870 48 72,000 105,000 2,475,084 15,000 50,645 172,288 4,018 242,220 (4) 49 36,000 213,500 2,368,586 10,000 54,762 139,042 3,773 49,095 (4) 50 387,241 2,513,376 38,522,475 1,084,455 230,924 908,822 60,646 5,252,149 2,020 51 295,996 2,198,574 33,497,801 935,514 199,947 673,223 52,087 5,164,068 (4) 52 43,330 186,392 2,714,443 82,365 30,977 75,261 4,739 38,584 1,254 53 47,915 128,410 2,310,231 66,576 (4) 160,338 3,820 49,497 768 54 272,640 795,666 13,078,910 396,377 349,987 454,219 21,123 319,895 19,814 55 40,494 109,891 1,939,308 62,212 18,281 87,759 3,223 166,838 529 56 159,018 369,575 7,498,849 245,723 244,578 190,969 11,859 88,756 10,665 57 73,128 316,200 3,640,753 88,442 87,128 175,491 6,041 64,301 8,620 58 110,253 1,138,265 15,744,557 381,586 207,770 444,433 26,597 505,161 8,150 59 8,715 492,299 6,639,431 182,167 85,667 189,606 10,486 60,860 7,165 60 101,538 645,966 9,105,126 199,419 122,103 254,827 16,111 444,301 985 61 62 54,066 221,325 2,983,355 67,653 88,242 60,853 4,728 182,830 5,000 63 644,130 1,052,994 21,069,023 800,394 242,740 877,060 35,357 1,708,192 30,117 64 17,980 98,579 1,520,625 43,654 23,872 64,530 2,620 7,361 1,974 65 60,416 126,946 2,015,017 84,560 24,629 97,271 3,215 636,270 3,959 66 132,981 262,840 4,563,858 231,278 57,546 153,822 8,876 82,423 6,713 67 376,739 314,190 8,640,474 310,524 88,022 459,198 14,135 968,714 9,605 68 27,990 110,500 2,249,817 49,857 28,810 46,159 3,266 8,185 3,317 69 28,024 139,939 2,079,232 80,521 19,861 56,080 3,245 5,239 4,549 70 1 ,041 ,004 9,196,241 157,250,500 5,329,244 1,320,316 4,141,733 239,135 13,247,573 21,707 71 91,026 96,432 1,672,750 61,799 17,053 74,101 2,688 9,355 2,890 72 103,229 488,025 9,241,464 189,437 58,652 238,856 14,506 389,550 2,528 73 411,245 7,954,701 134,256,026 4,666,637 1,142,650 3,485,917 202,862 12,380,109 (4) 74 134,829 231,740 4,622,668 187,558 1,273 153,953 7,399 114,182 7,596 75 143,480 206,825 3,166,773 99,803 82,429 62,613 5,279 24,649 1,107 76 46,073 72,039 1,548,876 30,347 5,374 46,313 2,310 1,673 1,556 77 111,122 146,479 2,741,943 93,663 12,885 79,980 4,091 328,055 6,030 78 79 3,450 101,812 1,582,643 23,207 (*) 24,370 2,089 509,319 4,053 80 582,822 2,826,138 40,943,218 1,148,850 401,127 1,409,574 65,402 2,856,865 52,022 81 34,870 251 ,758 4,635,815 118,084 50,748 123,447 6,968 157,586 4,533 82 17,063 107,991 1,844,791 20.035 27,080 86,215 2,768 8,756 6,000 83 110,230 482,493 7,075,794 204,859 46,944 239,603 11,225 1,142,037 15,991 84 236,900 1,025,848 11,913,223 517,755 127,150 302,859 20,826 854,795 2,982 85 37,437 321,862! 4,561,503 48,216 48,955 189,653 7,160 154,258 6,357 86 25,998 222,639 3,878,314 50,126 15,974 172,340 5,613 393,838 3,349 87 77,974 264,950 4,196,168 126,878 51 ,596 162,715 6,537 116,353 6,947 88 42,350 148,597 2,837,610 62,897 32,680 132,742 4,305 29,242 5,863 89 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group I. — Cities of 100,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City 2 o Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average Pupil- teacher Aggre¬ gate CD cx m ‘o .s £ Men Women Boys Girls daily attendance ratio (a.d.a. basis) days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) 1 i 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 90 34 110 324 1,901 37,510 20,310 35,888 19,305 63,453 34,792 11,250 6,263 91 Oklahoma City _ 18 71 150 1,136 27.1 92 93 Tulsa . . Oregon _ 16 39 174 765 17,200 16,583 28,661 30.5 4,987 94 Portland _ 15 66 311 1,480 s 26,777 * 26,778 43,431 24.2 8,035 95 234 425 2,630 109 8,732 463 180,671 173,984 6 7,923 292,662 13,815 55,369 2,625 96 Erie... _ 16 22 8 7,921 24.2 97 Philadelphia _ _ 151 268 1,790 5,521 121,334 115,818 187,137 25.6 34,820 98 Pittsburgh - 36 99 473 1,830 36,470 35,293 64,136 27.8 12,699 99 Reading - 16 11 140 395 « 7,284 6 7,286 13,268 24.8 2,521 100 101 Scranton _ Rhode Island _ 15 25 118 523 8 7,662 6 7,664 14,306 22.3 2,704 102 Providence _ 13 50 216 910 15,802 14,513 25,545 22.7 4,292 103 Tennessee _ 24 179 455 2,980 634 56,221 56,669 98,827 19,551 17,733 104 Chattanooga _ 7 44 79 10,846 10,932 27.4 3,441 105 Knoxville. _ 5 36 118 579 10,613 10,385 18,054 25.9 3,250 106 Memphis _ 4 53 116 1,028 22,427 22,996 39,177 34.2 7,051 107 Nashville _ _ 8 8 8 46 142 739 12,335 12,356 22,045 25.0 3,991 108 Texas _ 38 303 816 5,839 1,522 113,893 28,885 111,712 183,826 46,380 32,573 8,070 109 Dallas _ 11 64 256 27,921 26.1 110 Fort Worth... - - 10 81 177 1,056 19,131 18,875 31,333 25.4 5,546 111 Houston _ 17 103 249 2,178 43,899 44,136 70,242 28.9 12,644 112 113 San Antonio . . _ Utah _ 0 55 134 1,083 21,978 20,780 35,871 29.5 6,313 114 Salt Lake City _ 9 41 166 782 16,287 15,800 28,442 30.0 5,006 115 Virginia _ _ 33 88 230 1,808 800 28,363 27,713 11,911 47,441 8,540 116 Norfolk _ 17 43 81 12,238 20,308 23.1 3,656 117 Richmond . . 16 45 149 1,008 16,125 15,802 27,133 23.5 4,884 118 Washington 64 175 691 2,681 1,550 54,484 32,169 52,376 88,414 51,262 15,925 9,238 119 Seattle _ 44 88 392 30,568 26.4 120 Spokane _ 8 47 162 576 11,414 11,293 19,334 26.2 3,480 121 122 Tacoma _ _ Wisconsin 12 40 137 555 10,901 10,515 17,818 25.7 3,207 123 Milwaukee _ _ _ 14 95 619 1,685 37,829 37,219 64,037 27.8 11,847 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued Population or More — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Bonds out¬ Total standing, Salaries and wages Supplies, current Capital and all school expenditures 2 outlay for other Textbooks libraries, for full-time plant and forms of Teachers, free to all and other day schools equipment school Supervisors Principals and other Clerks pupils instructional (in thousands) debts instructional expenses (in thou¬ staff sands) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 128,195 434,025 6,145,047 138,585 9,603 158,560 9,095 1,652,227 13,071 90 7 63,000 7 248,500 7 3,256,544 7 75,000 («) 87,520 4,710 70,265 5,651 91 65,195 185,525 2,888,503 63,585 9,603 71,040 4,385 1,581,962 7,420 92 93 99,213 415,693 5,686,061 150,454 72,092 180,282 9,158 2,331,957 326 94 1,053,766 1,897,644 35,967,597 1,265,159 615,360 1,344,750 58,229 2,973,079 75,754 95 91,214 100,166 1,586,678 48,620 24,308 92,577 2,908 49,589 3,011 96 682,713 1,157,673 23,486,227 865,221 341,272 700,412 36,766 2,180,011 51,135 97 183,404 480,207 7,392,029 286,385 155,941 370,743 12,931 638,570 13,223 98 52,778 56,530 1,727,008 43,787 49,908 89,167 2,814 30,266 4,189 99 43,657 103,068 1,775,655 21,146 43,931 91,851 2,810 74,643 4,196 100 101 63,900 228,053 3,917,181 133,116 28,379 149,691 6,131 24,006 12,745 102 125,968 681,428 8,462,245 110,502 69,295 408,110 12,362 1,984,338 8,591 103 34,271 169,368 1,713,803 40,696 19,487 49,584 2,358 200,000 (4) 104 36,962 162,000 1,763,323 (4) 12,446 99,805 2,696 9,615 1,319 105 26,735 189,060 2,706,944 2,278,175 30,469 30,960 67,165 3,854 1,653,411 7,272 106 *28,000 *161,000 39,337 6,402 191,556 3,454 121,312 (4) 107 177,916 1,449,328 23,623,163 371,430 47,293 289,756 32,120 4,848,127 47,791 108 44,450 328,667 5,861,775 125,544 36,793 66,969 8,226 1,290,281 7,952 109 49,424 353,937 3,548,687 108,158 (<) 123,374 5,398 110,897 5,421 110 84,042 473,763 10,097,724 21,509 10,500 35,000 12,781 2,585,434 28,124 111 0 292,961 4,114,977 116,219 (4) 64,413 5,715 861,515 6,294 112 113 88,164 197,567 2,955,183 95,054 70,702 286,210 4,703 237,532 3,761 114 139,955 417,104 5,678,733 146,269 91,233 241,071 8,583 217,252 263 115 69,891 184,125 2,416,185 58,239 44,993 66,919 3,705 2,334 (4) 116 70,064 232,979 3,262,548 88,030 46,240 174,152 4,878 214,918 263 117 279,360 838,644 11,398,000 441,818 204,317 439,636 18,783 3,563,874 15,783 118 186,780 439,080 6,395,920 291,884 99,981 50,864 207,976 10,912 2,060,199 10,916 119 40,880 211,354 2,474,267 65,224 105,003 3,830 760,424 2,955 120 51 ,700 188,210 2,527,813 84,710 53,472 126,657 4,041 743,251 1,912 121 122 94,171 498,328 7,877,814 262,629 w 274,312; 12,777 274,641 601 1123 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group II. — Cities of 30,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Continental United States. 1,342 3,335 15,102 59,361 1,037,620 1,001,825 1,774,352 23.8 321,772 2 3 Gadsden _ 3 11 23 223 4,521 4,494 7,875 32.0 1,386 4 16 57 317 933 20,783 19,896 31,612 5,474 Phoenix: 5 Elementary District. . 9 19 49 372 6,811 7,115 10,610 25.2 1,804 6 High-School District.. 2 10 142 128 5,345 4,670 7,680 28.4 1,352 7 Tucson _ 5 28 126 433 8,627 8,111 13,322 23.8 2,318 8 8 36 88 637 11,271 11,194 19,076 3,350 9 Fort Smith _ _ 2 9 27 204 3,984 3,865 6,589 28.5 1,150 10 Little Rock. _ 6 27 61 433 7,287 7,329 12,487 25.3 2,200 11 98 365 1,792 5,301 109,579 102,555 181,850 32,423 12 Alameda _ _ 5 14 90 197 4,511 4,623 8,765 30.5 1,534 13 Alhambra. _ _ 9 10 90 253 5,054 5,033 9,336 27.2 1,634 14 Berkeley - 8 21 80 333 5,872 5,642 10,303 24.9 1,803 15 Burbank _ _ _ 10 25 72 322 5,741 5,709 10,341 26.2 1,841 16 Fresno _ _ 8 27 165 501 9,826 9,827 17,015 25.5 2,961 17 Glendale - 6 25 172 390 9,072 7,790 14,332 25.5 2,508 Inglewood: 18 Elementary District... 0 8 15 136 2,187 2,115 4,012 26.6 711 19 High-School District. . 5 2 72 81 1,991 1,995 3,965 25.9 667 20 Montebello. - - 8 29 74 270 5,510 5,186 8,075 23.5 1,443 21 Pasadena .. - 17 50 212 604 16,455 14,042 22,755 27.9 3,982 22 Riverside - - 0 25 95 249 5,302 4,595 8,381 24.4 1,467 23 San Bernardino - 5 29 124 422 « 7,559 * 7,560 12,500 22.9 2,647 24 San Jose. - - - 5 22 170 451 7,712 7,751 14,320 23.1 2,544 25 Santa Ana _ _ 2 18 72 203 4,505 4,285 7,633 27.8 1,331 26 Santa Barbara. - 8 18 72 177 3,086 2,877 5,648 22.7 1,068 27 Santa Monica - 2 12 *107 *253 5,299 4,391 7,668 21.3 1,342 28 Stockton - 0 30 *110 *459 9,897 9,134 16,801 29.5 2,940 29 Colorado 8 35 122 573 10,021 9,953 17,216 3,095 30 Colorado Springs - 0 17 67 232 3,688 3,728 6,934 23.2 1,248 31 Pueblo .. - - 8 18 55 341 6,333 6,225 10,282 26.0 1,847 32 CnNNErTTrTTT 28 116 440 2,079 33,995 32,101 58,667 10,609 33 Bristol _ _ 0 10 30 183 2,525 2,518 4,515 21.2 813 34 Meriden.. _ _ 5 12 35 139 2,246 2,185 3,968 22.8 714 35 New Britain _ _ 0 16 83 233 4,896 4,703 8,797 27.8 1,592 36 New London.. - - 3 6 10 108 1,476 1,410 2,592 22.0 464 37 Norwalk.. - - - 4 8 45 216 3,419 3,362 5,978 22.9 1,076 38 Norwich 10. _ 2 3 2 123 1,815 1,664 2,952 23.6 528 39 Stamford _ _ 5 14 81 332 5,211 5,050 8,876 21.5 1,624 40 Waterbury.. _ 4 24 90 436 6,924 5,914 11,382 21.6 2,054 41 West Hartford _ _ 1 12 44 150 2,846 2,879 4,930 25.4 902 42 West Haven - - 4 11 20 159 2,637 2,416 4,677 26.1 842 Georgia _ fro 44 Columbus - - 7 21 41 299 5,749 5,719 9,317 27.4 1,638 45 Tlttnots 94 249 1,152 4,485 76,168 73,814 128,041 23,829 46 Alton - 2 15 44 195 3,395 3,480 6,302 26.4 1,178 Aurora: 47 East Side _ 1 8 35 122 2,320 2,263 3,831 24.4 730 48 West Side - 0 6 25 90 1,478 1,394 2,357 20.5 443 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 99,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Supplies, Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils libraries, and other instructional expenses for full-time day schools (in thousands) plant and equipment forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 $5,530,291 $14,586,035 $227,670,372 $5,290,925 $2,403,542 $12,378,897 $360,297 $34,220,528 $287,555 1 2 8,177 39,536 523,087 (4) (4) 11,170 716 24,787 (4) 3 77,589 276,597 4,728,142 133,030 4,856 332,558 6,880 1,070,248 8,154 4 44,268 99,872 1,668,524 21,846 (4) * 67,313 2,300 209,567 1,762 5 11,136 63,167 1,248,955 74,116 158,297 2,018 652,078 4,195 6 22,185 113,558 1,810,663 37,068 4,856 106,948 2,562 208,603 2,197 7 30,631 111,528 1,540,017 56,635 57,066 2,507 137,261 4,045 8 6,950 29,550 497,743 21,325 (4) 33,433 723 58,952 1,324 9 23,681 81,978 1,042,274 35,310 (4) 23,633 1,784 78,309 2,721 10 445,880 2,021,912 27,494,058 1,048,970 125,846 2,656,166 46,020 11,383,930 44,700 11 20,000 70,000 1,054,730 (4) (4) 99,707 1,691 51,731 580 12 29,500 54,950 1,333,767 87,122 9,983 49,750 2,082 536,894 2,501 13 40,000 105,000 1,827,500 (4) (4) 270,394 3,594 187,495 720 14 50,840 134,627 1,431,340 82,077 13,107 109,516 2,326 2,879,287 4,934 15 27,835 151,494 2,200,236 68,510 33,838 129,456 3,537 209,677 6,748 16 36,000 150,000 2,584,447 (4) (4) 287,512 3,950 1,353,272 4,917 17 0 42,750 507,225 26,488 23,759 771 643,801 965 18 31,360 12,920 553,340 51,946 6,340 34,500 985 40,838 2,073 19 21,750 131,943 1,085,915 55,442 15,824 88,989 1,876 1,311,128 5,086 20 96,140 242,513 4,055,442 398,461 (4) 257,928 7,262 803,770 2,797 21 0 9 125,000 1,238,136 (4) (4) 160,632 2,069 380,452 2,309 22 9 21,112 9 127,470 9 1,600,919 84,082 15,154 119,327 2,605 113,095 2,500 23 24,760 194,774 2,074,983 90,699 14,224 301,712 3,450 326,317 145 24 9 15,235 9 137,095 963,967 66,053 11,273 110,320 1,917 123,391 1,597 25 19,348 89,376 922,502 38,090 6,103 28,394 1,503 85,436 498 26 ‘12,000 9 72,000 9 1,788,028 (4) (4) 250,251 2,891 540,235 4,310 27 0 9 180,000 9 2,271,581 (4) (4) 334,019 3,511 1,797,111 2,020 28 23,999 131,944 1,763,350 67,611 41,310 91,385 2,982 279,369 3,031 29 0 9 68,000 819,940 33,447 27,296 48,670 1,430 43,754 1,680 30 23,999 63,944 943,410 34,164 14,014 42,715 1,552 235,615 1,351 31 125,291 503,420 8,720,709 164,309 124,756 309,229 12,831 148,853 5,847 32 0 41,950 628,610 22,161 9,221 36,823 988 5,055 (4) 33 19,004 45,149 577,917 12,185 10,080 36,230 920 5,890 324 34 0 63,400 1,353,937 24,806 15,531 75,462 1,997 61,989 1,247 35 11,765 24,055 332,606 9,058 2,144 8,962 470 7,140 14 36 17,117 25,393 791,538 13,606 8,642 38,380 1,157 11,313 1,577 37 8,930 13,746 333,424 (4) 5,448 12,396 472 (4) 135 38 28,894 80,777 1,664,441 37,529 18,897 34,598 2,404 14,304 1,204 39 17,581 105,576 1,845,126 20,292 14,487 51,301 2,629 10,223 235 40 5,100 51,274 651,631 14,236 19,534 12,415 950 27,829 584 41 16,900 52,100 541,479 10,436 20,772 2,662 844 5,110 527 42 43 21,494 71,323 748,378 4,203 0 92,338 1,236 18,636 (4) 44 354,112 1,025,863 16,988,204 260,134 153,512 995,513 27,965 1,414,856 18,459 45 14,844 48,880 548,757 18,430 11,257 41,197 1,009 13,072 1,305 46 3,881 32,820 501,999 9,426 2,661 27,262 816 32,259 365 47 0 29,132 336,179 9,064 0 24,286 531 10,936 (4) 48 Total current Capital Bonds out¬ standing and all 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for Group II. — Cities of 30,000 Pehsonnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City o CO CO n Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average Pupil- teacher Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 148 149 Butte _ _ . 0 20 24 186 2,594 2,433 4,476 21.3 842 150 151 Lincoln _ _ 8 25 56 396 6,635 6,453 11,433 25.3 2,047 152 New Hampshire.. 3 4 90 349 5,209 4,938 9,100 1,637 153 Manchester _ _ .. . 2 0 60 220 3,391 3,314 5,925 21.2 1,066 154 Nashua. _ _ _ 1 4 36 129 1,818 1,624 3,175 19.2 571 155 New Jersey _ 116 192 940 3,925 57,923 55,547 96,553 17,997 156 Atlantic City. _ _ _. 10 16 80 260 4,254 4,048 6,849 20.1 1,350 157 Bayonne _ ... _ 16 12 84 377 4,432 4,284 7,378 16.0 1,373 158 Bloomfield _ _ 5 12 56 197 3,243 3,056 5,475 21.6 1,013 159 Clifton ... . _. ... 9 13 36 244 4,187 3,835 6,734 24.1 1,219 160 East Orange. . ... . 5 11 86 234 3,847 3,840 6,606 20.6 1,229 161 Hoboken. _ _ _ . 8 8 38 226 3,014 2,753 4,809 18.2 890 162 Irvington _ _ 2 11 67 220 3,770 3,598 6,284 21.9 1,194 163 Kearny __ _ _ 4 9 32 172 2,491 2,142 4,006 19.6 738 164 Montclair. _ _ _ 7 14 66 204 3,099 2,904 5,164 19.1 1,035 165 New Brunswick ... 4 8 31 156 2,412 2,313 4,141 22.1 754 166 North Bergen _ 6 7 13 161 2,342 2,237 3,850 22.1 712 167 Orange. _ _ _ 4 9 30 156 2,394 2,388 4,234 22.8 757 168 Passaic ... _ 11 14 48 282 3,776 3,766 6,271 19.0 1,149 169 Perth Amboy _ 8 11 44 182 2,556 2,567 4,448 19.7 814 170 Plainfield ... .... 2 7 51 206 3,014 3,019 5,218 20.3 962 171 South Orange-Maple wood _ 5 15 58 201 2,915 2,838 5,085: 19.6 941 172 Union City . . _ 8 8 76 241 3,580 3,518 5,826! 18.4 1,078 173 West New York.. _ _ 2 7 44 206 2,597 2,441 4,175 16.7 771 174 New Mexico 175 Albuquerque - 8 18 62 303 6,220 6,077 10,070 27.6 1,813 176 New York _ 138 209 890 3,968 61,373 58,543 102,418 18,689 177 Amsterdam _ _ _ ! _ 8 11 38 183 2,244 2,075 3,737 16.9 682 178 Auburn _ _ _ 6 8 33 161 2,441 2,301 4,099 21.1 753 179 Binghamton _ _ 16 19 95 449 6,908 7,585 11,676 21.5 2,050 180 Elmira _ _ _ _. _ _ 10 13 51 236 3,834 3,784 6,618 23.1 1,228 181 Jamestown . _ 19 13 45 249 3,509 3,391 6,121 20.8 1,124 182 Mount Vernon _ _ _ 4 15 87 353 5,526 5,239 9,094 20.7 1,675 183 Newburgh _ 4 10 45 153 2,569 2,353 4,282 21.6 797 184 New Rochelle _ . 4 16 75 257 3,955 3,820 6,801 20.5 1,209 185 Niagara Falls _ .. 18 27 116 479 7,790 7,355 13,153 22.1 2,415 186 Poughkeepsie . _ 16 12 46 185 2.811 2,704 4,762 20.6 877 187 Rome . . _ 3 11 22 171 2,939 2,536 4,633 24.0 861 188 Schenectady _ _ 5 21 95 451 6,646 6,080 11,062 20.3 2,047 Troy: 189 Lansingburg District. . 4 5 9 61 931 909 1,594 22.8 288 190 Union District _ 7 11 39 179 2,920 2,523 4,355 20.0 796 191 Watertown _ 8 9 27 184 2,884 2,739 4,682 22.2 845 192 White Plains _ 6 8 67 217 3,475 3,149 5,749 20.2 1,042 193 North Carolina.. _ 1 105 232 1,673 29,718 29,582 53,035 9,633 194 Asheville _ 0 15 28 208 3,628 3,602 6,482 27.5 1,167 195 Durham _ _ 1 21 47 298 5,173 5,180 8,925 25.9 1,607 196 Greensboro... - 0 19 44 351 5,874 5,765 10,663 27.0 1,919 197 High Point - - 0 13 27 205 4,083 3,930 6,950 30.0 1,251 198 Raleigh .. - 0 17 25 250 4,105 4,179 7,455 27.1 1,428 199 Winston-Salem - .. 0 20 61 361 6,855 6,926 12,560 29.8 2,261 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 99,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 148 0 81,812 695,199 0 8,150 19,600 1,030 158,471 433 149 150 31,242 98,904 1,149,452 31,851 33,163 55,755 1,941 49,302 2,416 151 11,200 16,000 1,396,384 0 24,567 14,701 1,918 0 251 152 7,200 0 939,500 0 9,000 12,000 1,187 0 80 153 9 4,000 9 16,000 456,884 0 15,567 2,701 731 0 171 154 527,545 978,803 16,136,370 525,531 221,256 631,995 25,885 1,112,791 23,289 155 50,100 65,902 1,057,450 40,905 17,052 60,896 1,773 (4) (4) 156 74,116 76,754 1,586,666 43,201 17,438 69,268 2,648 184,376 2,567 157 24,215 64,202 935,243 42,542 11,785 57,816 1,473 2,979 1,407 158 43,582 64,450 909,277 13,381 13,914 40,353 1,417 296,897 2,453 159 22,900 67,913 1,217,180 37,955 19,035 4,696 1,769 11,378 2,066 160 41,669 39,439 825,556 30,905 13,496 24,876 1,328 1,987 958 161 11,159 55,918 971,227 36,280 11,813 39,622 1,538 34,613 2,954 162 17,153 42,900 682,148 6,864 9,793 25,398 1,070 75,216 1,160 163 26,100 67,700 1,060,503 52,243 17,415 35,806 1,705 104,769 1,100 164 26,572 39,189 551,046 16,735 10,350 2,047 846 5,665 673 165 22,056 34,400 481,368 26,150 8,517 14,113 1,022 1,085 0 166 17,900 47,194 547,125 18,016 8,092 19,019 887 1,437 878 167 49,442 65,546 1,063,364 32,364 11,668 650 1,695 22,146 915 168 24,650 45,939 737,193 19,934 10,708 35,062 1,141 25,579 1,065 169 9,200 39,600 801,316 31,682 9,091 55,271 1,261 43,369 784 170 23,983 84,585 989,788 15,496 10,792 65,752 1,556 9,829 2,231 171 35,238 42,232 963,232 32,894 12,266 32,814 1,510 291,466 1,018 172 7,510 34,940 756,688 27,984 8,031 48,536 1,246 (4) 1,060 173 174 34,689 84,454 1,115,849 22,448 0 30,480 1,600 660,930 2,565 175 610,130 1,011,991 15,988,215 387,182 163,956 841 ,038 26,500 659,186 21,263 176 31 ,087 42,351 622,925 9,608 5,413 22,238 1,104 18,316 1,183 177 •35,000 •45,018 551,157 10,889 4,163 20,737 899 33,495 945 178 56,000 103,387 1,685,900 45,606 10,493 47,280 2,638 20,954 1,602 179 47,121 50,800 878,410 9,785 5,965 49,316 1,338 18,956 367 180 73,081 52,460 864,965 20,478 11,454 70,966 1,584 47,168 271 181 23,779 88,014 1,739,518 47,142 25,295 98,090 2,895 30,900 1,350 182 13,750 40,861 600,787 7,094 15,067 34,641 1,009 22,576 1,114 183 21,813 93,216 1,390,184 49,434 16,596 80,553 2,332 48,469 2,999 184 72,792 130,513 2,086,724 38,481 25,210 84,255 3,390 46,015 4,997 185 69,058 43,772 589,491 25,494 4,613 52,254 1,120 72,284 599 1 Ml 12,858 47,168 624,832 7,937 3,156 27,105 931 112,718 208 187 23,965 121,452 1,735,912 51,658 14,961 110,514 2,896 31,574 118 188 13,644 21,554 173,895 3,298 2,695 13,682 318 4,121 359 1S9 26,719 41,984 618,348 2,472 0 3,840 991 75,069 284 190 55,114 39,680 610,409 14,411 6,887 42,822 1,071 19,871 268 191 34,349 49,761 1,214,758 43,395 11,988 82,745 1,984 56,700 4,599 192 4,200 421 ,627 4,451,731 76,014 19,980 100,759 6,733 705,570 7,869 193 0 67,613 534,257 2,836 (18) 13,830 834 83,179 2,136 194 4,200 66,454 811,310 13,920 (18) 20,914 1,210 139,819 644 195 0 74,117 954,4(3 19,045 (18) 17,366 1,361 145,766 1,434 196 0 50,681 560,793 3,630 (18) 15,695 791 64,922 (4) 197 0 64,205 612,007 4,377 7,290 19,484 887 193,356 905 198 0 98,557 978,901 32,206 12,690 13,470 1,650 78,528 2,750 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group II. — Cities of 30,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Dat Schools City 1 Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 North Dakota _ Fargo _ 0 14 54 140 2,220 2,245 3,847 19.8 693 52 156 888 2,953 52,627 51,634 94,586 17,158 Cleveland Heights 16 . 5 15 72 222 4,311 4,393 7,517 25.6 1,368 East Cleveland ... _ 0 10 37 153 2,549 2,472 4,502 23.9 801 Hamilton _ 4 5 64 207 4,074 3,922 7,109 26.2 1,287 Lakewood -- - _ 8 17 68 241 3,470 3,426 6,399 20.7 1,152 Lima_ _ 4 8 62 186 2,866 2,873 5,332 21.5 986 Lorain _ 4 9 48 169 3,374 3,141 6,019 27.7 1,081 Mansfield _ 3 7 62 189 3,470 3,347 6,108 24.3 1,082 Marion _ 3 8 37 160 2,983 2,826 5,281 26.8 950 Middletown _ _ 5 8 46 167 2,708 2,724 5,108 24.0 935 Newark _ _ 4 20 43 115 2,555 2,429 4,537 28.7 820 Norwood _ _ _ 0 5 42 101 1,765 1,788 3,208 22.4 600 Portsmouth... . . 2 2 58 176 3,288 3,222 5,907 25.2 1,053 Springfield - 6 14 103 313 5,802 5,863 10,196 24.5 1,876 Steubenville . . 0 10 29 156 2,227 2,213 4,298 23.2 782 Warren _ _ 2 15 51 233 3,862 3,671 6,958 24.5 1,259 Zanesville- - _ 2 3 66 165 3,323 3,324 6,107 26.4 1,126 Oklahoma _ Muskogee _ _ 3 18 40 194 3,934 3,818 6,391 27.3 1,150 Oregon _ Salem _ 11 16 50 209 3,785 3,787 5,790 22,4 1,013 Pennsylvania. . 99 193 1,516 4,091 71,772 69,704 129,793 24,067 Allentown _ 15 9 176 337 7,246 6,875 13,202 25.7 2,468 Altoona. _ 5 5 86 326 5,362 5,356 9,844 23.9 1,772 Bethlehem _ 7 10 107 223 4,803 4,360 8,994 27.3 1,664 Chester _ 6 9 34 356 4,402 4,456 7,913i 20.3 1,495 Easton _ _ 4 15 56 126 2,560 2,603 5,030 27.6 891 Harrisburg.. _ 4 9 138 300 5,097 5,292 9,767 22.3 1,846 Hazleton _ 7 6 68 158 2,748 2,635 4,794: 21.2 902 Johnstown 16 _ 8 17 71 297 4,800 4,820 8,653 23.5 1,683 Lancaster _ 7 5 85 223 4,083 4,074 7,297 23.7 1,357 Lower Merion (P. O. Ard¬ 0 14 96 187 2,925 2,773 5,092 18.0 921 more). McKeesport _ 4 15 68 220 4,033 3,829 7,242 25.1 1,304 New Castle . . . 5 11 55 238 « 3,888 « 3,889 6,925 23.6 1,247 Norristown - 0 3 60 140 2,517 2,427 4,504 22.5 838 Upper Darby _ 6 12 95 231 3,974 3,995 7,046 21.6 1,332 Wilkes-Barre _ 9 31 99 311 5,231 4,788 9,098 22.1 1,674 Williamsport _ _ 3 15 99 189 3,482 3,293 6,200 21.5 1,178 York _ 9 7 123 229 4,621 4,239 8,192 23.3 1,495 RrrrmE Tsr.Ai'in 23 44 277 981 15,404 14,551 26,023 4,638 Cranston.. - 2 9 50 224 3,843 3,684 7,109 25.9 1,196 East Providence - 5 10 49 154 2,608 2,482 4,491 22.1 823 Newport _ 1 6 37 132 2,316 2,179 3,439 20.3 629 Pawtucket _ 12 17 119 326 4,566 4,301 7,502 16.9 1,350 Woonsocket- _ 3 2 22 145 2,071 1,905 3,482 20.9 640 South Carolina... 21 57 195 1,222 29,718 20,497 36,076 6,488 Charleston _ 6 14 73 294 5,502 5,381 9,222 25.1 1,661 Columbia _ 3 16 68 448 7,312 7,614 13,897 26.9 2,501 Greenville - - 7 17 25 249 3,952 4,004 6,910 25.2 1,244 Spartanburg - - 5 10 29 231 3,383 3,498 6,047 23.3 1,082 footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 99,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Supervisors Salaries Principals and wages Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 56,000 552,861 9,894 7,150 10,600 826 66,651 68 247,062 747,410 11,215,338 209,205 202,568 520,790 18,823 1,042,020 28,004 18,757 84,476 951,269 32,452 11,428 22,554 1,738 8,915 2,665 0 49,798 636,436 25,095 6,658 16,344 1,191 808 20,177 28,359 852,166 10,415 16,677 39,249 1,289 121,516 4,571 35,368 56,640 1,010,802 40,268 14,640 72,573 2,103 53,370 2,382 16,316 36,000 700,341 12,677 19,037 26,646 1,100 12,261 2,870 13,090 38,509 629,687 11,853 8,939 44,855 1,026 45,855 7 17,876 48,276 711,239 9,093 17,468 30,475 1,119 510,698 2,464 13,563 35,042 513,922 7,473 13,121 18,727 872 31,630 2,154 29,484 34,886 575,792 5,436 6,893 19,728 1,015 1,823 276 9 18,000 9 80,000 9397,435 *10,000 14,945 72,756 737 (4) 562 0 31,600 517,443 3,953 3,355 13,867 889 18,638 1,368 7,231 8,830 600,760 4,677 8,477 21,812 863 14,710 662 38,561 101,851 1,118,793 2,510 24,141 16,103 1,640 26,791 3,915 0 33,605 532,907 7,296 4,627 24,253 882 7,097 338 7,837 63,435 834,953 15,789 11,445 45,191 1,336 174,735 2,841 10,802 16,103 631,393 10,218 20,717 35,657 1,032 13,981 121 14,790 48,281 516,334 *10,000 (4) 11 ,400 796 4,930 597 36,705 66,123 748,463 17,787 13,807 45,873 1,266 347,998 387 391,867 642,531 16,315,158 255,816 331,168 903,734 26,068 1,299,324 31,543 62,064 31,975 1,567,146 19,547 30,988 74,026 2,432 77,632 5,623 18,020 16,840 1,094,381 13,813 14,343 29,562 1,691 87,425 1,402 27,920 46,296 958,102 12,309 25,828 54,754 1,586 327,916 1,689 28,450 46,950 1,098,075 12,420 51 ,000 49,780 1,681 22,050 1,930 18,887 30,428 636,691 10,660 20,374 34,898 1,052 27,847 452 18,337 36,100 1,272,570 19,240 5,341 61,572 1,989 10,522 718 22,866 27,588 646,510 9,159 9,340 32,851 1,074 21,809 505 23,017 42,154 840,797 6,205 18,939 25,823 1,297 52,375 2,738 29,224 22,800 876,593 7,626 11,297 31,531 1,389 28,855 1,830 0 69,863 987,062 23,689 10,171 70,030 1,623 144,978 2,048 11,510 60,276 821 ,075 7,088 18,897 57,243 1,329 67,650 1,005 12,969 40,160 775,784 20,886 22,627 40,215 1,265 150,368 1,076 0 14,350 635,991 6,456 9,611 24,317 1,006 2,952 500 30,185 48,290 1,057,479 28,315 15,199 54,703 1,590 166,250 4,204 49,235 28,133 1,260,601 13,197 32,765 56,724 2,002 36,241 393 8,489 51,528 797,573 12,676 17,787 55,111 1,290 28,841 2,270 30,694 28,800 988,728 32,530 16,661 150,594 1,772 45,613 3,160 91 ,494 183,680 3,643,304 58,651 63,320 113,272 5,328 26,451 5,878 6,506 38,435 838,658 10,826 12,340 32,706 1,163 6,567 1,462 19,275 39,222 550,270 7,377 12,588 27,854 862 0 688 6,700 24,900 483,595 15,355 8,050 13,729 716 19,884 419 46,516 70,506 1,254,474 21,085 10,691 35,687 1,831 0 2,732 12,497 10,617 516,307 4,008 19,651 1*3,296 756 0 577 73,726 223,172 3,236,821 51,002 18,145 76,880 4,531 841,181 4,000 17,929 61,114 920,971 19,350 0 26,865 1,325 196,511 1,365 9,800 63,000 1,129,000 24,000 9,000 5,000 1,503 559,500 1,921 34,425 55,900 579,213 7,652 9,145 38.687 908 50,043 411 11,572 43,158 607,637 0 6,328 795 35,127 303 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 ! 245 ’ 246 I 247 i 248 249 250 I 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group II. — Cities of 30,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sioux Falls _ 0 2 44 255 3,963 3,984 6,650 22.2 1,190 60 186 628 4,102 70,294 67,957 116,741 20,478 Amarillo _ _ 6 18 47 332 5,726 5,591 9,680 25.5 1,704 Austin _ _ 11 20 72 514 8,447 7,998 13,187 22.5 2,313 Beaumont: Independent School 8 22 38 300 4,770 4,775 8,396 24.8 1,426 District 20. South Park Distirct .. 3 7 31 102 1,829 1,739 3,245 24.4 562 Corpus Christi _ 7 27 84 621 8,672 8,227 14,483 20.5 2,549 El Paso. _ 6 22 93 590 11,667 10,968 18,880 27.6 3,380 Galveston _ 3 14 52 306 4,662 4,469 7,486 20.9 1,310 Laredo . . 6 1 21 199 3,926 3,977 7,291 33.1 1,251 Lubbock... . . 2 15 44 261 4,813 4,710 8,046 26.4 1,408 Port Arthur _ 2 9 55 .303 5,601 5,401 9,029 25.2 1,599 Waco _ 4 18 52 342 5,711 5,955 9,652 24.5 1,680 Wichita Falls _ 2 13 39 232 4,470 4,147 7,366 27.2 1,296 Utah Ogden _ 6 15 93 243 5,061 5,155 9,350 27.8 1,646 VIRGINIA 50 120 301 2,022 33,613 32,865 58,600 10,651 Alexandria _ 0 11 19 221 3,564 3,379 6,268 26.1 1,128 Arlington County (P. 0. 6 31 24 325 5,775 5,717 10,626 30.4 1,987 Arlington). Danville _ 4 11 41 194 3,096 2,862 5,186 22.1 933 Lynchburg _ 9 13 38 232 3,978 3,940 6,934 25.7 1,255 Newport News.. . . 9 11 52 195 3,697 3,781 6,411 26.0 1,154 Petersburg _ 7 12 39 170 2,851 2,768 4,978 23.8 901 Portsmouth _ 6 13 23 285 5,143 4,913 8,505 27.6 1,548 Roanoke _ _ 9 18 65 400 5,509 5,505 9,692 20.8 1,745 Washington Everett . . . 5 12 82 224 5,472 4,643 7,043 23.0 1,268 Wisconsin 45 121 607 2,037 34,869 34,344 62,787 11,323 Eau Claire _ 4 8 57 126 2,688 2,706 5,113 27.9 905 Green Bay _ 4 13 56 202 3,179 3,267 5,934 23.0 1,044 Kenosha _ 3 14 60 216 3,682 3,531 6,886 24.9 1,246 La Crosse _ 5 13 53 171 3,160 3,033 5,400 24.1 1,042 Madison 16 _ 7 21 67 348 5,695 5,715 9,997 24.1 1,716 Oshkosh _ 5 8 60 189 2,841 2,788 5,332 21.4 970 Racine _ 4 14 74 273 4,948 4,825 8,831 25.4 1,616 Sheboygan _ 3 11 80 184 3,165 3,180 5,826 22.1 1,072 Superior _ 4 9 40 152 2,685 2,592 4,488 23.4 785 West Allis . . . 6 10 60 176 2,826 2,707 4,980 21.1 927 footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 99,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Supervisors Salaries Principals and wages Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 252 0 ® 7,666 739,366 (4) 9,044 33,300 1,018 27,231 315 253 258,707 775,373 12,659,370 319,715 22,184 527,926 17,902 5,386,073 28,628 254 24,200 87,900 1,177,835 15,555 (4) 25,380 1,606 947,937 3,917 255 42,313 85,944 1,581,665 80,916 1,425 74,085 2,196 71,385 (") 256 28,602 86,445 1,036,154 12,890 (4) 63,719 1,519 130,467 4,808 257 12,000 22,200 366,485 7,800 38 19,713 570 33,133 823 258 30,495 109,320 1,530,722 14,942 12,173 49,680 2,171 2,124,798 7,787 259 39,727 112,883 1,761,336 89,644 8,548 69,185 2,606 704,980 1,185 260 11,100 50,746 903,251 26,750 (4) 26,677 1,295 44,047 (4) 261 24,526 5,496 604,353 10,843 (4) 10,100 823 33,434 (4) 262 12,298 59,666 838,280 5,713 (4) 44,005 1,184 1,145,447 3,986 263 7,000 38,300 1,042,592 32,099 (4) 100,997 1,538 29,842 4,861 264 18,766 63,993 1,031,588 14,929 (4) 24,287 1,337 19,103 (4) 265 7,680 52,480 785,109 7,634 (4) 20,098 1,057 101,500 1,261 266 267 34,200 62,875 1,011,059 19,176 12,695 49,608 1,510 169,414 426 268 180,857 466,381 5,817,267 146,563 48,232 246,579 8,830 1,482,891 3,602 269 0 46,728 762,828 31,612 (4) 17,339 1,042 13,512 (4) 270 24,000 127,438 1,064,544 9,249 19,363 30,185 1,634 409,295 1,332 271 12,950 38,725 530,697 16,546 243 37,690 771 75,925 (4) 272 31,699 48,481 656,495 17,667 (4) 22,343 959 93,519 884 273 33,075 46,451 638,936 17,504 9,610 25,432 1,003 292,165 1,291 274 25,970 37,672 429,990 7,715 709 20,225 665 44,801 (4) 275 20,450 52,998 690,706 17,490 14,259 33,826 1,017 166,666 95 276 32,713 67,888 1,043,071 28,780 4,048 59,539 1,739 387,008 (4) 277 278 20,993 50,676 993,256 23,909 15,437 78,939 1,523 40,863 820 279 196,853 485,916 8,018,513 223,607 78,150 390,813 12,833 677,396 4,853 280 13,800 31 ,456 530,143 10,085 11,250 18,000 913 56,633 864 281 27,589 49,318 758,508 22,419 181 35,836 1,231 58,661 615 282 16,102 52,028 922,562 24,901 12,896 54,270 1,472 51 ,363 25 283 16,688 48,427 636,740 7,367 7,894 26,582 1,064 (4) 450 284 24,273 71,174 1,144,412 49,613 18,619 46,509 1,783 13,928 1,217 285 15,587 35,923 748,996 17,475 12,255 41,154 1,211 40,214 (4) 286 20,135 66,023 1,163,458 31,907 4,361 63,056 1,742 53,684 90 287 9,216 39,532 711,206 29,246 (4) 46,741 1,101 74,176 (4) 288 23,040 36,275 523,027 9,970 9,836 29,562 894 116,715 981 289 30,423 55,760 879,461 20,624 858 37,103 1,422 212,022 611 290 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group III. — Cities of 10,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Continental United States 1,249 3,765 17,651 63,659 1,141,706 1,107,449 1,975,837 24.3 355,393 2 Alabama. _ 9 50 127 1,078 20,701 20,853 35,946 29.8 6,362 3 Anniston _ _ — _ 2 8 17 141 3,094 2,886 4,743 30.0 844 4 Dothan - - 2 3 9 92 1,823 1,923 3,450 34.2 607 5 5 6 95 1,403 1,403 2,548! 25.2 473 6 2 16 114 2,376 2,475 4,069 31.3 712 7 6 11 114 2,145 2,261 3,841 30.7 672 8 Other cities _ 5 26 68 522 9,860 9,905 17,295 29.3 3,054 9 Abkansas _ 9 45 114 772 15,496 15,400 26,800 30.2 4,670 10 Blytheville. _ _ 1 3 17 70 1,766 1,730 2,686 30.9 471 11 8 16 120 2,348 2,253 4,121 30.3 718 12 Hot Springs - 3 13 12 147 2,640 2,649 4,524 28.4 786 13 2 18 55 1,203 1,192 2,186 29.9 389 14 North Little Rock - 2 3 27 146 3,323 3,205 5,436 31.4 953 15 Pine Bluff _ -- 3 9 18 144 2,557 2,697 4,957 30.6 853 16 Texarkana _ 7 6 90 1,659 1,674 2,890 30.1 500 17 California - 92 333 2,084 5,050 111,633 103,611 191,414 26.8 33,458 18 Albany - 1 4 28 96 6 1,809 6 1,809 3,257 26.3 570 Anaheim: 19 Elementary District . 7 7 50 834 825 1,550 27.2 267 20 High-School District.. 2 * 20 3 25 509 469 968 21.5 169 Bakersfield: 21 Elementary District. „ 7 16 24 329 6,188 6,411 9,939 28.2 1,749 22 High-School District.. 6: 7 187 139 5,023 4,082 7,264 22.3 1,286 23 Beverly Hills - 4 5 39 119 1,538 1,568 3,100 19.6 548 Brawley: 24 Elementary District. . 2 3 3 3 59 1,323 1,276 2,303 37.1 403 25 High-School District.. 1 10 19 349 332 567 19.6 93 26 Burlingame - 3 6 3 62 837 752 1,430 22.0 257 Compton: 27 Elementary District— . 4 10 4 173 3,202 3,068 5,825 32.9 1,019 28 High-School District - . 27 168 185 6,968 5,003 10,656 30.2 1,870 El Monte: 29 Elementary District.. _ 12 7 20 134 2,527 2,249 4,741 30.8 834 3C High-School District- 1 51 65 1,577 1,360 2,636 22.7 472 31 Eureka - ... 4 6 25 110 1,824 1,775 3,340 24.7 568 32 Modesto - 3 11 98 244 5,493 4,628 9,484 27.7 1,622 National City: 33 Elementary District. . 5 75 1,460 1,375 2,181 29.1 371 34 High-School District.. 8 53 82 1,809 1,774 3,067 22.7 521 Ontario: 35 Elementary District... 223 22 10 18 103 6 2,055 62,055 3,797 31.4 664 36 High-School District.. 2 65 69 2,156 1,756 3,624 27.0 634 37 Palo Alto _ 1 8 27 130 2,046 1,949 3,549 22.6 618 38 Pomona. . _ 5 9 55 138 2,731 2,904 5,416 28.1 959 Redondo Beach: 39 Elementary District. .. 5 7 100 1,533 1,609 2,992 28.0 518 40 High-School District - . 2 53 55 1,095 1,076 1,808 16.7 322 Redwood City: 41 Elementary District.. . 1 8 27 110 1,910 1,806 3,494 25.5 625 42 High-School District. . 3 3 50 47 1,272 1,279 2,124 21.9 370 43 San Gabriel 5 5 87 6 1,442 6 1,443 2,736 29.7 487 44 Santa Cruz _ 2 7 35 84 22 1,926 22 1,926 3,274 27.5 576 45 Other cities . . 33 149 1,002 2,161 50,197 47,052 86,292 27.3 15,066 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and ail other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Supervisors Salaries Principals and wages Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4,660,896 14,908,407 222,376,644 4,140,446 3,295,590 12,109,941 357,793 38,988,838 278,528 25,603 165,327 2,629,191 18,194 8,803 51,102 3,552 371 ,495 515 5,945 25,331 343,704 1,699 6,508 480 54,534 4| 645 9,612 217^930 2,238 269 194,596 20 18,300 203,668 4,000 6,571 293 16,542 197 6,384 244,767 2,000 288 10,377 144 19,380 246,743 2,500 1,840 330 2,357 15,013 86,320 1,372,379 9; 995 8,803 31,945 1,892 93,089 154 29,808 113,454 1,618,238 30,507 12,407 28,666 2,449 352,594 4,129 2,671 7,404 156,961 885 2,129 212 10,223 346 17,587 264,294 7,832 4,029 369 67,677 333 12,000 28 ; 096 284; 682 6^48 3,880 441 13,262 351 6,700 139,556 0 1,800 1,150 189 370 7,319 10,499 316 ;292 7,685 5,636 13,678 597 76,762 1,351 7,738 26,568 292,221 4,084 4,971 1,800 413 158,392 924 16,600 164,232 3,773 2,000 228 26,278 454 404,664 1,683,208 25,261,405 934,614 198,193 2,447,556 43,033 11,811,740 42,849 6,000 21,800 378,913 9,634 10,306 565 111,128 (4) 28,800 180,078 2,600 3,376 2,203 281 30,398 90 10,000 203,612 40,965 379 23,279 145 36,301 85,853 1,136,057 40,417 6,394 970 1,753 68,516 2,500 35,545 46,457 1,251,378 82,017 18,650 223,325 2,455 1,112,399 5,070 18,240 46,560 589,936 25,358 5,380 51 ,079 1,026 199,737 1,094 9,000 231 ,025 14,858 385 186,508 314 « 5,000 91,626 244,969 8,802 163 5,634 390 15,540 18,540 13,165 381 33,440 16 17,190 44,191 524,357 22,557 35,181 1,017 99,158 956 161,213 1,322,995 164,594 21,274 223,849 2,556 124,339 1,600 37,283 30,100 456,907 15,778 8,000 19,773 789 211,747 1,051 7,000 545,208 36,610 19,536 68,461 951 1,635,000 2,395 12,616 28,432 412,056 13,813 4,300 22,522 655 30,897 775 9,039 73,501 1,265,884 64,984 14,988 106,117 2,025 766,856 1,945 17,520 247,153 5,804 13,493 420 48,373 77 36,663 429,685 21,938 9,099 41,183 725 15,184 1,088 13,600 44,400 404,350 14,250 7,450 650 95,275 73 10,000 331,276 49,544 532 78,018 114 5,620 47,145 495,247 33,143 5,365 37,904 864 322,781 416 21 ,034 40,664 613,797 32,671 8,286 54,445 1,007 180,822 1,777 21 ,050 278,231 6,033 17,183 425 10,756 370 10,500 407,137 20,420 12,463 39,902 715 359,071 1,400 4,170 31,740 314,967 7,130 28,574 479 409,019 1,150 15,380 14,643 396,306 22,516 5,319 26,251 621 29,076 50 17,700 256,075 9,125 5,858 14,385 391 89,363 (4) 7,300 24,060 390,420 6,380 7,385 29,521 725 78,570 1,652 149,806 750,676 11,861,760 276,842 42,520 1 1,246,145 20,098 5,456,396 16,341 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 •-'5 26 07 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for. Group III. — Cities of 10,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 46 Colorado - _ 7 27 106 454 6,778 6,868 12,906 23.0 2,337 47 Boulder _ 1 8 19 98 1,328 1,314 2,451 20.9 436 48 Fort Collins. - - 2 2 23 82 1,304 1,337 2,510 23.9 449 49 Grand Junction - 2 5 26 100 1,618 1,611 3,048 24.2 552 50 Greeley. - -- 2 5 24 97 1,515 1,601 2,950 24.4 534 51 7 14 77 1,013 1,005 1,947 21.4 366 52 Connecticut _ 20 68 194 1,041 17,509 17,068 30,678 24.8 5,545 53 Danbury. . - - 4 5 22 117 1,893 1,939 3,306 23.8 599 54 Derby.. . - - - 1 5 8 39 460 456 818 17.4 147 55 East Hartford. - 225 22 7 23 133 2,417 2,192 3,939 25.3 705 56 Naugatuck - 3 6 11 85 1,059 1,138 1,971 20.5 355 57 5 5 45 802 740 1,355 27.1 243 58 Torrington - 2 11 28 116 1,933 2,060 3,650 25.3 657 59 Wallingford . — 5 4 15 76 1,141 1,195 2,049 22.5 369 60 3 14 67 1,050 1,135 1,985 24.5 358 61 22 68 363 6,754 6,213 11,605 26.9 2,112 62 Georgia.. _ 2 47 136 1,202 22,382 23,010 37,857 28.3 6,697 63 3 16 131 2,576 2,591 4,226 28.7 760 64 Athens - _ _ 7 20 120 2,098 2,132 3,558 25.4 655 65 Dalton _ _ 21 1 7 85 1,638 1,614 2,684 29.2 479 66 Decatur _ 8 11 98 1,424 1,347 2,427 22.3 429 67 Griffin _ 3 10 77 1,394 1,361 2,267 26.1 404 68 La Grange _ _ 12 10 139 2,478 2,679 4,285 28.8 771 69 Thomasville.-- - - 1 4 10 80 1,618 1,637 2,750 30.6 481 70 Other cities - - 1 9 52 472 9,156 9,649 15,660 29.9 2,718 71 Idaho - 7 44 212 767 14,865 14,472 25,570 26.1 4,458 72 Boise _ 21 2 13 54 204 3,413 3,581 5,889 22.8 1,025 73 Coeur d’Alene. _ 21 1 14 54 1,198 1,090 1,888 27.8 327 74 Lewiston _ 3 8 22 73 1,242 1,194 2,191 23.1 394 75 Pocatello - 1 11 41 176 3,236 3,144 5,524 25.5 956 76 Twin Falls. _ _ .. 1 5 19 88 1,863 1,767 3,313 31.0 586 77 Other cities _ _ 6 62 172 3,913 3,696 6,765 28.9 1,170 78 Illinois ... 38 189 1,004 3,156 53,861 52,645 92,259 22.2 17,206 79 Brookfield, District No. 95.. 21 1 4 26 438 416 770 25.7 146 80 Canton.. _ _ 1 2 17 67 1,254 1,188 2,204 26.2 408 81 Champaign _ _ 14 30 124 6 1,827 e 1,827 3,022 19.6 559 East Moline: 82 Elementary District. .. 4 5 4 41 756 736 1,283 28.5 241 83 High-School District . 21 1 18 26 541 535 951 21.6 178 Elmhurst: 84 Elementary District 5 7 76 1,147 1,060 1,807 21.8 338 85 High-School District 2 36 29 849 782 1,453 22.4 270 86 Forest Park _ 2 1 37 453 425 818 21.5 157 87 Galesburg . . . 3 4 58 138 2,360 2,240 4,096 20.9 778 Highland Park: 88 Elementary District 21 2 6 29 352 359 569 16.3 105 89 No. 107. Elementary District 21 2 7 11 45 552 505 926 16.5 171 90 No. 108. Jacksonville _ 215 19 96 6 1,219 M,222 2,135 18.6 387 91 Kankakee. _ 4 10 11 92 1,511 1,468 2,630 25.5 492 92 Kewan ee _ - - 3 20 73 1,133 1,129 1,999 21.5 370 93 La Grange: Elementary District. .. 2 3 6 78 974 957 1,565 18.6 293 94 High-School District.. 8 1 41 45 1,216 921 1,960 22.8 365 Lincoln : 95 Elementary District al 1 4 40 636 588 1,083 24.6 205 96 No. 27. High-School District 1 15 14 321 319 589 20.3 108 97 Park Ridge District No. 64. 4 5 70 932 933 1,510 20.1 282 98 Wilmette _ 3 9 74 1,020 955 1,637 19.7 294 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 27,369 86,909 1,337,997 8,117 22,329 69,165 2,144 392,656 5,825 22,507 245,724 6,280 10,073 16,941 434 14,853 7 210 7,210 263,520 8,172 381 50,385 7! 000 15,033 313,129 11,798 12,708 503 257,577 7,334 18,333 303,424 458 21,605 490 27,593 23,826 212,200 1,837 9,739 336 42,248 72,098 268,761 3,664,243 48,720 82,684 177,646 5,763 278,228 13,241 22,950 486,765 3,956 2,977 17,141 698 2,904 3,592 16,671 139,030 2,625 6,308 3,331 227 300 15,545 30,246 430,578 7,506 9,789 22,034 677 21,357 13,350 27 108 220,506 1,926 12,550 3,582 427 16,650 143,362 2,611 8,809 3,213 249 3,041 11,200 40,333 459,425 5,425 8,226 11,950 717 25,376 15,170 17,275 276,520 3,934 5,768 19,229 456 39,501 8,488 175,414 5,973 5,068 13,235 286 985 89,040 1,332,643 14,764 23,189 83,931 2,026 184,764 5,100 143,502 2,609,554 5,286 8,067 74,215 3,668 90,773 10,230 314,492 2,386 15,274 463 22,231 21,439 284,395 1,720 7,867 5,188 430 31,698 21 3,500 191,657 7,967 245 6,252 27,134 238,778 6,570 370 10,790 9,538 191,486 2,803 297 803 29,280 299,921 931 394 8,689 2,100 13,411 162,960 5,841 226 4,868 3^000 28,970 925,865 1,180 200 29,641 1,243 5,442 24,016 154,093 2,216,978 44,185 49,784 96,827 3,851 734,991 8,850 39,764 574,972 21,160 10,345 17,382 1,051 545,499 213,500 167,659 2,970 961 6,196 246 590 8,570 26,940 268,000 2,400 5,000 6,800 560 3^946 33 *711 381 ,048 1,677 27,769 28,072 742 127,987 2,650 21 ,087 256,674 2,504 898 12,631 402 8,866 29,091 568,625 13,474 4,811 25,746 850 52,049 139,383 753,310 11,905,487 153,058 93,511 639,266 19,244 2,219,346 21 3,000 61,645 1,000 93 20,957 2,529 8,810 218,120 375 13,036 353 9,210 51,058 432,656 9,002 23,609 11,308 685 139,554 10,000 16,600 95,698 2,599 6,592 185 12,187 6,650 159,325 3,000 7,600 245 69,410 21,836 205,068 6,675 9,011 351 38,309 8,000 227,950 1,970 350 40,721 7,750 119,369 14,879 223 398 13,305 18,520 586,964 12,112 1,337 26,672 855 62,720 21 8,000 113,642 4,326 193 75,615 8,000 27,215 186,846 1,261 7,441 307 6,114 17,450 260,226 5,596 3,876 374 6,244 11,850 32,400 295,460 5,086 9,419 496 90,690 12,300 225,226 4,635 400 20,332 347 4,991 8,755 12,320 231,433 1,495 13,034 351 23,471 28,800 4,500 337,471 17,649 561 292,698 21 3,500 99,360 157 213,475 89,996 1,740 165 14,516 151 4,519 12,800 195,800 4,100 1,200 9,143 313 52 14,387 260,215 5,566 4,727 23,473 440 22 Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 2,049 128 221 363 752 585 4,691 336 55 1,707 15 350 0 2,209 381 256 125 2,922 1,197 140 695 38 852 21,133 112 30 193 151 145 633 421 155 290 275 224 320 2,125 87 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance, and fiscal data for _ Group III. — Cities of 10,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Winnetka: 4 12 67 783 735 1,263 16.0 227 7 66 65 1,216 1,113 2,105 16.1 362 Other cities. . . 14 102 604 1,804 32,371 32,232 55,884 23.2 10,470 Indiana _ 48 120 654 1,794 34,344 33,591 58,151 23.8 10,284 Bedford.. _ 2 6 15 66 1,079 1,067 1,919 23.7 279 Bloomington _ 2 8 44 108 1,817 1,786 3,150 20.7 548 Columbus. _ 1 3 34 64 6 1,285 6 1,287 2,355 24.0 424 4 25 53 1,066 1,082 1,874 24.0 334 Frankfort _ 1 5 31 83 1,526 1,550 2,710 23.8 480 Goshen. ... _ 1 4 26 48 1,158 1,197 2,100 28.4 370 Huntington- _ 3 7 20 66 1,098 1,156 1,978 23.0 356 1 29 55 1,150 1,146 1,729 20.6 300 La Fayette . - 5 10 49 121 2,490 2,294 4,023 23.7 708 Logansport. _ 4 9 26 109 1,815 1,711 3,076 22.8 554 Michigan City - 2 5 34 91 1,986 2,020 3,436 27.5 632 Other cities — - 27 58 321 930 17,874' 17,295 29,801 23.8 5,299 Iowa _ 41 76 331 1,330 21,590 20,954 37,632 22.7 6,745 Boone _ 1 1 17 80 1,332 1,256 2,238 23.1 403 Clinton _ 3 9 28 143 2,244 2,253 3,935 23.0 724 Fort Madison - - 1 2 16 55 1,017 1,019 1,859 26.2 296 Keokuk - 6 3 23 87 1,298 1,342 2,284 20.8 413 Marshalltown - 3 8 19 109 1,778 1,673 3,042 23.8 548 Mason City - 5 13 42 162 2,661 2,459 4,529 22.2 815 M uscatine 11 23 100 1,744 1,761 3,200 26.0 578 Newton 6 18 74 1,238 1,347 2,216 24.1 399 Other cities - 22 23 145 520 8,278 7,844 14,329 21.5 2,569 Kansas . . 26 81 404 1,179 22,581 21,477 38,140 24.1 6,709 Chanute - 2 8 25 59 1,265 1,138 2,257 26.9 395 Fort Scott - _ 2 21 53 1,061 907 1,666 22.5 297 Independence _ _ 225 25 61 1,475 1,227 2,283 26.5 402 Leavenworth - 2 7 20 90 1,390 1,423 2,386 21.7 430 Manhattan _ _ 2 24 61 1,124 1,099 1,985 23.4 324 Newton - — - 21 3 21 g 18 59 1,155 1,217 2,174 28.2 391 Ottawa _ _ 1 2 16 59 1,014 972 1,696 22.6 299 Parsons _ _ _ 8 34 71 1,571 1,538 2,730 26.0 478 Pittsburg - 1 8 22 84 1,482 1,473 2,560 24.2 444 Other cities - 17 31 199 582 11,044 10,483 18,403 23.6 3,249 Kentucky. _ 14 45 91 532 9,449 9,391 16,465 26.4 2,916 Ashland _ 17 17 171 3,034 2,993 5,164 27.5 904 Bowling Green. - 4 2 11 64 1,201 1,201 2,108 28.1 367 Fort Thomas _ 1 4 14 37 603 545 1,020 20.0 196 Frankfort _ 7 7 62 765 784 1,399 20.3 259 Hopkinsville 6 14 73 1,077 1,105 1,929 22.2 344 Other cities - 9 9 28 125 2,769 2,763 4,845 31.6 846 Louisiana _ 2 18 35 285 5,399 5,593 9,756 30.5 1.756 Bogalusa - 1 4 16 109 1,875 1,955 3,567 28.5 642 Lake Charles _ 8 10 88 1,867 1,852 3,226 32.9 581 Monroe 16 - 1 6 9 88 1,657 1,786 2,963 30.5 533 Maine _ 12 32 164 746 12,542 12,092 21,966 24.1 3,953 Auburn _ _ 1 5 22 108 1,891 1,822 3,370 25.9 599 Augusta - 3 1 19 83 1,377 1,386 2,490 24.4 443 Bath - - - 1 2 14 71 1,409 1,307 2,256 26.5 404 Biddeford - 6 5 4 34 556 569 935 24.6 169 Rumford _ _ 1 19 52 804 729 1,407 19.8 253 Other cities - - - 1 18 86 398 6,505 6,279 11,508 23.8 2,085 Massachusetts - 154 219 1,005 3,890 61,124 58,690 108,692 22.2 19,304 Amesbury _ _ 2 16 34 606 609 1,107 22.1 198 Andover . _ 214 13 53 751 750 1,479 22.4 249 Athol.. .. — - 1 7 11 51 1,009 926 1,690 27.3 297 Attleboro _ 7 8 24 110 1,665 1,702 3,058 22.8 546 Beverly . . 5 10 41 132 2,110 1,789 3,444 19.9 626 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 99 23,519 280,942 8,768 2,487 11,072 451 12,973 500 100 21 55,000 525,344 41,885 40,322 954 42,236 220 101 56,144 384,220 6,696,731 47,893 50,856 372,595 10,809 1,266,255 12,254 102 196,151 489,852 7,260,194 85,842 84,665 275,739 10,873 300,202 1,697 103 7,500 22,674 236,078 1,485 3,445 338 104 21 6 ,000 24,425 389,206 3,417 73,760 20,194 679 12,662 105 4,400 2il6,962 302,703 3,712 8,924 422 10,133 97 106 13,054 234,658 4,665 8,671 330 7,469 70 107 4,220 20,674 328,576 15,347 463 6,886 107 108 3; 686 151780 243,886 1,434 7,532 353 17,202 65 109 14,221 30,637 265,865 2,500 12,107 431 6,000 15 110 4 431 263,693 3,661 343 5,271 42 111 18,271 44,200 533,872 7,130 16,214 785 16,780 16 112 22 14,000 2131,500 387,597 5,934 6,356 565 14,340 143 113 5,719 18,300 414,681 4,547 18,077 614 1,971 173 114 118,134 247,215 3,659,379 51,018 10,905 155,211 5,550 201 ,488 969 115 146,556 279,936 3,884,964 40,062 47,735 237,563 6,355 940,590 4,068 116 3,675 4,729 220,606 8,197 12,058 347 18,272 158 117 10,481 30,679 434,357 9,597 6,907 20,228 686 24,264 1,032 118 3,000 7,400 162,385 2,680 12,140 250 21,307 73 119 16,690 9,323 245,170 6,844 18,993 396 24,660 120 8,100 24,805 306,150 1,350 11,254 13,018 470 19,809 500 121 18,610 46,164 511,584 5,394 7,804 19,479 844 31,361 460 122 42,336 289,259 4,786 1,861 463 3,339 123 23 24 ,000 23 200,291 23 6,000 2,310 23 22,856 324 13,663 26 124 86,000 90,500 1,515,162 14,674 116,930 2,575 783,915 1,819 125 89,050 284,975 3,708,847 64,676 1,188 245,885 5,640 254,410 2,629 126 4,800 18,821 197,584 5,389 8,317 306 6,214 84 127 7,207 166,132 3,188 12,308 255 75 128 17,229 205,208 3,679 9,895 302 251 61 129 9,693 21,576 221 ,743 5,398 13,439 354 7,347 84 130 8,220 217,255 3,764 77 12,934 310 9,166 131 11,834 30,884 194,227 2,814 926 14,221 317 8,885 120 132 2,400 7,300 174,220 2,594 10,709 250 4,389 51 133 24,250 232,016 4,633 11 ,996 344 57,481 134 2,900 24,800 259,455 4,025 16,178 398 14,549 171 135 57,423 124,688 1,841,007 29,192 185 135,888 2,804 146,128 1,983 136 32,949 122,803 1,285,390 12,157 872 43,462 1,921 75,975 304 137 50,089 434,634 7,426 17,989 622 9,821 76 138 23 14 178 23 7,088 23 146,112 23 4,841 215 7,389 30 139 3,297 14,052 138,398 2,091 4,824 216 8,671 80 140 23 14,000 23 118,700 23 4 , 500 187 6,921 141 14,366 146,028 872 4,208 224 4,520 142 15,474 23,208 301,518 2,640 7,100 457 38,653 118 143 5,945 50,881 694,017 3,015 7,188 13,727 1,010 60,354 483 144 3,500 13,101 271,138 825 7,188 8,674 384 7,770 145 22,945 265,055 750 2,973 377 38,203 146 2,445 14,835 157,834 1,440 2,080 249 14,381 483 147 35,965 96,622 1,850,560 35,055 48,200 5,983 2,926 63,144 1,092 148 3,300 16,700 213,195 5,300 6,284 0 386 39,247 219 149 14,127 4,553 238,238 3 284 6,930 8,887 365 6,839 25 150 3,400 7,300 172,802 3,000 6,243 9,576 271 150 151 9,838 10,902 59,667 779 113 152 3,760 151,984 3,200 5,488 273 6,927 104 153 5,300 53,407 1,014,674 20,271 22,476 i 33,520 1,518 10,131 594 154 533,961 844,540 13,303,548 187,203 313,372 567,259 20,856 567,749 1,304 155 6,989 132,936 1,683 2,916 5,703 205 2,118 156 ii 14,000 180,933 4,718 4,100 4,500 285 157 5,547 27,209 153,319 2,548 5,666 2,932 269 362 50 158 24,126 28,580 317,412 1,724 8,679 11,747 528 1,936 159 21 ,580 37,453 457,313 9,636 8,340 11,608 740 48 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group III. — Cities of 10,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Clinton _ _ 1 17 41 673 744 1,299 22.4 232 Danvers _ _ 4 4 15 66 1,021 1,060 1,844 22.8 337 Easthampton _ 2 11 35 467 552 929 20.2 168 Fairhaven _ _ 3 5 11 55 886 888 1,604 24.3 293 Framingham _ _ 6 11 32 108 1,805 1,760 3,232 23.1 571 Gardner . _ 2 1 16 69 1,048 986 1,962 23.1 334 Greenfield - - 1 2 20 80 1,146 1,154 2,099 21.0 371 4 19 80 1,239 1,198 2,261 22.8 401 4 18 66 1,040 991 1,869 22.3 325 Marlboro _ 5 3 12 58 904 800 1,553 22.2 277 Melrose _ - 3 5 33 120 1,876 1,811 3,371 22.0 603 Methuen _ 9 7 13 89 1,380 1,316 2,489 24.4 438 Milton. _ 4 6 22 102 1,577 1,410 2,711 21.9 485 Natick - - 2 2 65 35 1,395 1,247 2,385 23.9 411 Newburyport .. - 2 5 9 61 902 892 1,611 23.0 287 7 29 103 1,620 1,540 2,814 21.3 503 Northbridge - 1 1 17 41 828 736 1,428 24.6 256 Peabody. _ 6 10 25 91 1,401 1,330 2,557 22.0 442 Plymouth _ _ 4 4 14 69 1,227 1,092 2,129 25.7 379 Saugus - 3 2 24 72 1,532 1,437 2,702 28.1 473 Southbridge - 2 6 30 53 1,000 811 1,669 20.1 297 Stoneham _ 2 2 14 50 844 800 1,505 23.5 267 Other cities _ _ 82 94 434 1,966 29,172 28,359 51,891 21.6 9,864 Michigan _ 38 124 773 2,609 47,516 46,544 84,468 25.0 16,249 Adrian _ 1 6 23 84 1,530 1,471 2,853 27.0 542 Alpena _ _ 21 i 27 55 1,132 1,097 1,992 24.3 378 Ann Arbor _ 10 72 127 2,531 2,340 4,300 21.6 817 Birmingham _ _ 227 17 101 • 1,408 e 1,409 2,614 22.2 497 Calumet _ _ 3 0 58 932 929 1,582 27.3 292 Escanaba _ 1 2 21 82 1,490 1,403 2,562 24.9 454 Ferndale 22 8 28 155 3,043 3,261 5,483 30.0 1,097 Grosse Pointe _ 22 1 8 58 171 2,753 2,491 4,626 20.2 874 Holland - - - 1 2 29 82 1,374 1,357 2,515 22.7 463 Iron Mountain.. _ 22 4 222 13 61 993 999 1,866 25.2 333 Ironwood _ 1 1 19 57 1,085 1,051 1,926 25.3 347 Menominee _ 1 2 23 51 1,034 1,054 1,982 26.8 377 Midland _ _ _ 2 7 41 100 1,738 1,803 3,367 23.9 659 Monroe.. - - 3 5 34 106 2,012 1,869 3,371 24.1 612 Mount Clemens _ 4 1 17 87 1,545 1,524 2,613 25.1 523 Muskegon Heights. _ _ 8 34 90 1,912 1,909 3,559 28.7 641 Other cities _ _ 19 51 317 1,142 21,004 20,577 37,257 25.5 7,343 Minnesota _ 30 60 356 1,128 18,811 17,970 32,787 22.1 5,727 Albert Lea.. - 1 3 21 82 1,741 1.759 3,045 29.6 527 Brainerd _ 2 8 23 83 1,564 1,416 2,591 24.4 450 Faribault _ 2 1 22 52 928 937 1,630 22.0 282 Fergus Falls . - 1 2 15 69 1,046 1,167 1,972 23.5 319 Rochester _ _ 2 12 53 129 2,340 2,151 3,937 21.6 705 South St. Paul _ _ 9 8 20 77 1,458 1,376 2,747 28.3 473 Virginia.. _ 3 3 42 101 1,322 1,064 2,138 15.0 382 Other cities _ 10 23 160 535 8,412 8,100 14,727 21.2 2,589 Mississippi _ 10 75 101 899 18,254 18,872 31,802 31.8 5,716 Biloxi _ _ _ 3 8 6 82 1,604 1,543 2,598 29.5 468 Greenwood _ 8 13 81 1,726 1,851 2,923 31.1 526 Hattiesburg _ 2 10 13 117 2,350 2,408 3,844 29.6 711 Laurel _ 12 8 125 2,411 2,503 4,189 31.5 754 Natchez _ 1 6 8 74 1,495 1,516 2,637 32.2 475 Vicksburg _ 8 14 88 1,581 1,736 3,055 30.0 522 Other cities _ 4 23 39 332 7,087 7,315 12,556 33.8 2,260 footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instkuctional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Supervisors Salaries Principals and wages Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4,470 154,733 1,707 1,760 3,516 2,416 227 4,611 161 12,000 12,000 215,346 2,000 9,788 331 4,596 45 162 6,250 109,090 2,100 855 5,013 179 208 37 163 8,413 12,822 162,200 1,607 4,353 9,143 274 5,461 10 164 25,359 48,365 364,917 8,869 8,269 9,168 588 574 165 9,900 5,000 235,439 2,115 14,073 750 377 12,068 166 3,058 6,604 305,095 7,390 16,674 3,054 426 167 23,392 282,727 (U) 5,142 15,128 426 6,196 168 20,946 233,661 3,301 6,889 7)782 351 52,796 169 o o o 9,500 149,475 1,900 1,808 7,023 244 698 170 9,974 20,450 468,675 4,100 8,288 21,694 687 12,066 171 29,862 33,950 294,192 3,800 12,576 379 489 214 172 15,924 27,440 369,058 6,557 6,047 14,297 572 5,305 97 173 8,825 8,775 264,521 4,600 14,045 6,245 405 93,614 62 174 7,705 19,321 157,931 2,898 3,784 6,865 254 83 175 23,500 301 ,308 3,958 4,660 15,045 459 6,699 73 176 2,761 4,600 139,287 1,655 2,692 5,257 214 18 177 23 24,000 23 40,000 289,535 5,116 15,119 519 496 (4) 178 10,858 16,384 229,700 9,306 4,730 12,676 382 7,571 36 179 8,700 7,800 249,095 1,840 4,449 6,791 363 1,096 180 7,692 23,675 244,422 5,800 5,080 13,655 381 2,311 88 181 11,130 9,200 169,536 3,500 3,315 7,311 258 2,678 182 275,847 345,865 6,671,692 87,891 145,550 336,170 10,423 344,027 705 183 154,379 561,175 10,339,900 196,041 124,179 658,149 16,843 1,836,671 12,622 184 4,200 23,400 325,975 4,295 8,270 25,915 513 18,108 120 185 21 4 ,000 232,873 3,937 847 14,797 348 26,470 115 186 43,864 623,747 19,793 33,244 1,057 44,977 183 187 30,219 422,607 12,978 3,867 22,848 696 147,243 466 188 10,215 141,181 1,505 5,895 7,402 235 5,519 189 4,100 8,850 276,003 5,516 20,894 414 3,200 225 190 45,277 627,520 15,049 22,209 21,181 997 110,624 1,011 191 6,480 62,378 840,319 38,780 3,347 53,163 1,428 388,334 3,225 192 2,067 11,833 308,063 3,781 2,206 11,224 462 17,279 116 193 14,618 7,305 151,682 1,613 4,101 10,940 279 2,219 194 3,600 4,560 192,842 7,084 3,271 14,438 341 19,539 42 195 2,000 4,925 191,034 3,000 3,894 14,041 296 8,120 196 8,650 27,035 429,489 2,818 6,941 35,907 682 482,357 450 ,197 15,766 23,842 448,059 10,856 0 27,864 719 22,375 235 198 12,200 4,320 302,172 2,622 8,619 11,642 509 3,726 208 199 12,755 15,309 359,396 5,740 4,698 20,324 585 24,044 297 200 67,943 233,843 4,466,938 56,674 46,014 312,325 7,282 512,537 5,929 201 125,626 307,426 4,279,719 31,436 135,015 260,759 7,440 474,439 6,891 202 3,750 11,521 202,251 5,499 21,227 340 30,933 220 203 23 8,000 23 32,000 23 240,989 23 2,000 6,201 23 25,598 440 30,033 229 204 11,324 6,247 199,821 3,537 4,300 16,110 341 60,6881 12 205 2,880 6,560 182,233 2,467 4,661 20,904 289 12,956 210 206 15,000 72,000 660,902 7,668 35,518 1,088 26,961 1 ,925 207 39,635 27,825 264,391 3,612 5,402 15,671 519 36,064 208 23 9,000 23 13, 500 23 432,879 23 8,000 (25) 54,862 830 6,225 209 36,037 137,773 2,096,253 11,820 101 ,284 70,869 3,593 270,579 4,295 210 25,806 189,145 1,837,022 25,056 3,300 65,131 2,764 87,420' 1,729 211 9,900 23,400 170,440 5,400 3,300 6,950 295 10,000 212 19,793 178, 119 4,244 265 12 213 2,745 25,012 249,302 952 11,488 359 214 29,430 236,912! 1,311 3,953 328 215 _ 3.5001 13,956 132,440 2,322 7,316 211 75 774, 216 . 1 14,784 169,555 2,746 4,686 225 217 9,661 62,770 700,254 12,325 26,494 1,081 77,345 943 1 218 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance, and fiscal data for Group III. — Cities of 10,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 219 Missouri _ 31 109 302 1,438 25,221 23,816 42,183 24.2 7,722 220 Cape Girardeau _ 1 7 24 89 1,500 1,420 2,425 21.5 429 221 Clayton, - 22 2 7 28 94 1,182 1,153 1,977 16.2 372 222 Hannibal _ 2 7 22 103 1,720 1,681 2,850 22.8 513 223 Kirksville. _ 22 1 223 12 63 956 977 1,649 22.0 302 224 Kirkwood, _ _ 5 10 27 98 2,047 1,876 3,359 26.9 628 225 Maplewood _ _ 4 7 21 88 1,404 1,327 2,370 21.7 438 226 Moberly. _ _ 1 2 18 74 1,014 972 1,845 20.1 332 227 St. Charles _ - . - 22 4 5 10 50 847 801 1,374 22.9 267 228 Webster Groves _ _ 3 11 29 125 2,145 1,960 3,583 23.3 681 229 Other cities. _ _ 8 50 111 654 12,406 11,649 20,751 27.1 3,760 230 Montana _ 13 39 133 570 10,088 10,100 17,962 25.6 3,249 231 4 13 55 776 737 1,368 20.1 241 232 Billings.. _ 2 8 35 159 2,869 2,984 5,’ 211 26.9 949 233 Great Falls . . - 3 12 32 173 3,104 3,128 5,471 26.7 984 234 Helena __ _ -- 6 6 21 74 1,267 1,252 2,273 23.9 423 235 Missoula: 236 Elementary District _ 2 8 11 83 1,452 1,385 2,545 27.1 461 237 High-School District _ 1 21 26 620 614 1,094 23.3 191 238 Nebraska,. _ 10 22 165 580 10,814 10,488 18,205 24.4 3,263 239 Beatrice _ _ 1 2 13 68 970 998 1,666 20.6 300 240 Fremont, _ _ 2 3 21 65 1,236 1,259 2,182 25.4 384 241 Grand Island _ _ 1 4 27 117 2,074 2,095 3,649 25.3 657 242 Hastings _ _ 3 8 22 102 1,933 1,813 3,238 26.1 586 243 Norfolk _ 2 1 18 57 1,064 959 1,556 20.7 272 244 Other cities _ 1 4 64 171 3,537 3,364 5,914 25.2 1,064 245 Nevada 8 34 122 2,592 2,424 3,970 25.4 702 246 Reno _ _ 8 34 122 2,592 2,424 3,970 25.4 702 247 New Hampshire _ 17 31 177 537 9,083 8,663 15,326 21.5 2,723 248 Berlin _ _ _ 1 20 40 672 615 1,170 19.5 211 249 Claremont _ 4 1 17 47 870 788 1,548 24.2 273 250 Concord _ 5 6 32 115 1,658 1,521 2,838 19.3 525 251 Dover _ 1 9 20 60 e 978 6 979 1,957 24.5 254 252 Keene _ _ _ _ 2 1 28 66 1,305 1,338 2,457 26.1 429 253 Laconia _ _ 1 2 24 56 904 870 1,621 20.3 289 254 Other cities _ 4 11 36 153 2,696 2,552 3,735 19.8 742 255 New Jersey _ 99 240 1,169 4,217 67,070 65,105 114,703 21.3 20,856 256 Asbury Park _ 6 31 89 1,578 1,576 2,619 21.8 477 257 Bergenfield _ - 2 2 20 61 1,016 977 1,865 23.0 336 25S Bridgeton.-. _ _ _ 1 6 34 116 1,678 1,806 3,287 21.9 601 259 Cliffside Park . .. 5 27 73 1,152 1,088 1,977 19.8 360 260 Collingswood _ 3 4 24 73 1,183 1,129 2,035 21.0 370 261 Dover _ 1 4 22 66 1,166 1,133 1,875 21.3 351 262 Englewood- _ _ _ 6 6 26 106 1,689 1,544 2,779 21.1 509 263 Garfield _ 9 21 131 1,879 1,856 3,318 21.8 611 264 Gloucester City,. _ 1 1 20 54 961 940 1,600 21.6 291 265 Hackensack _ 3 6 39 154 2,344 2,203 3,926 20.3 726 266 Hillside _ 6 25 116 1,703 1,595 2,910 20.6 534 267 Lodi _ 4 7 29 85 1,727 1,652 2,939 25.8 539 268 Long Branch _ _ 1 10 29 98 1,694 1,684 2,851 22.4 522 269 Millburn _ 4 29 72 1,094 1,084 1,928 19.1 350 270 Neptune (P.O. Ocean Grove) 3 5 21 64 1,096 1,026 1,728 20.3 311 271 Nutley _ 2 6 39 145 2,027 1,954 3,433 18.7 635 272 Phillipsburg - - - 22 2 1 30 89 1,475 1,426 2,555 21.5 475 273 Rahway - 2 4 29 85 1,403 1,286 2,364 20.7 430 274 Ridgefield Park. _ ,, 4 15 63 935 882 1,556 19.9 283 275 Roselle. _ _ .. 2 4 26 67 1,196 1,127 2,023 21.8 375 276 South River.. . . 4 22 53 900 904 1,678 22.4 305 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils libraries, and other instructional expenses for full-time day schools (in thousands) plant and equipment forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 103,063 363,374 4,050,312 76,088 122,491 245,457 6,732 749,027 7,398 219 3,330 16,196 234,127 1,800 9,809 5,942 344 20,819 30 220 10,460 36,914 356,102 14,060 7,735 29,305 662 52,320 1,426 221 4,365 20,677 258,924 6,571 5,887 15,295 431 7,821 192 222 3,104 11,585 127,292 1,211 8,949 5,381 209 2,289 111 223 12,355 34,739 334,902 4,432 12,042 26,856 599 202,512 754 224 14,291 28,050 292,993 2,749 4,843 21,275 503 34,036 771 225 3,300 9,700 156,471 2,349 4,160 7,024 258 7,739 117 226 13,257 15,653 127,580 1,990 5,913 230 6,991 121 227 16,814 35,222 492,612 13,868 15,199 35,417 828 316,366 1,284 228 21,787 154,638 1,669,309 27,058 53,867 93,049 2,668 98,134 2,592 229 53,569 165,451 2,199,804 9,478 44,645 117,984 3,452 352,948 2,706 230 16,505 233,175 2,250 2,975 12,532 361 34,233 825 231 7,260 37,812 606,042 7,228 13,395 21,444 867 195,705 918 232 13,110 48,519 665,768 9,048 39,150 1,025 36,732 76 233 26,099 29,515 294,436 5,010 22,256 532 54,988 632i 234 235 7,100 28,900 251,637 12,325 13,643 415 11,760 55 j 236 4,200 148,746 1,892 8,959 252 19,530 200 237 29,454 72,021 1,609,574 17,482 29,952 99,638 2,430 154,062 2,273 238 2,414 6,820 213,252 2,390 4,388 15,611 313 5,763 123 239 4,555 9,689 188,993 2,969 3,318 7,808 275 94,028 550! 240 3,856 13,700 347,443 3,560 4,943 25,294 499 13,596 - ! 241 8,205 22,936 284,188 1,470 2,648 20,009 435 2,994 70 242 7,194 5,263 115,757 2,237 3,308 9,207 197 6,525 243 3,230 13,613 459,941 5,216 11,797 21,709 711 31,156 1,530 244 41,308 500,292 15,700 2,340 729 52,237 4,008 245 41,308 500,292 15,700 2,340 729 52,237 4,008 246 64,927 113,927 1,701,241 22,188 36,397 80,074 2,966 131,691 638 247 5,550 150,424 3,901 2,647 6,079 256 5,884 30 248 11,846 5,110 133,478 1,300 2,184 10,021 244 7,529 34 249 28,096 26,367 326,867 5,760 7,483 15,833 582 17,084 257 250 23 3,500 23 31 , 500 23 169,500 23 2,500 7,298 23 6,000 300 50,000 251 5,000 4,200 257,328 5,152 11,751 448 6,707 147: 252 3,880 8,800 209,288 2,257 2,601 14,063 356 13,094 30 253 12,605 32,400 454,356 6,470 9,032 16,327 780 31,393 140, 254 415,535 1,029,606 15,721,583 417,849 331,590 778,781 25,383 1,028,650 26,335 255 23,320 335,687 6,600 6,216 1,334 518 256 7,440 8,500 222,117 3,400 6,015 21,702 360 454 257 3,275 24,100 382,820 10,692 6,869 5,738 549 1,552 304 258 16,600 280,732 12,677 6,263 7,920 443 592 259 16,700 17,850 225,043 17,832 5,105 379 4,097 430 260 5,750 16,800 246,940 5,265 2,772 14,511 367 239! 261 24,255 30,000 437,515 15,734 4,899 23,795 727 989 262 33,350 407,522 5,271 7,073 22,126 641 16,626 314i 263 4,050 3,850 193,231 2,750 3,305 6,090 295 74,059 70 264 10,000 31 ,200 626,961 15,383 5,668 9,847 950 13,487 234 265 24,292 402,909 12,629 8,908 21 ,704 641 10,596 522 266 18,775 37,185 313,299 12,189 6,042 9,730 557 462 267 4,100 32,925 396,995 7,840 6,994 18,201 683 823 334 268 21,820 344,102 11,123 7,951 21,332 548 119,904 1,116 269 14,170 19,558 232,408 8,484 8,483 17,229 426 28,109 210 270 7,406 25,266 553,905 12,643 7,445 25,694 794 250 866,271 7,090 4,175 290,597 2,800 10,160 18,555 430 10,200 531 272 8,074 16,250 321 ,282 8,200 3,514 21 ,604 486 4,586 583 273 16,000 238,260 5,570 3,406 10,448 329 274 7,000 16,400 275,434 8,622 5,005 12,188 413 464 275 16,300 206,075 1,600 6,500 6,800 375 165j276 Supplies, Total current Capital Bonds out¬ standing, and all 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group III.— Cities of 10,000 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 F City Supervisors Principals > 2 3 Union,. _ _ 5 8 Weehawken _ 2 4 West* eld _ _ 5 5 Woodbridge. _ 4 8 Other cities.. - 50 111 New Mexico _ 11 24 1 5 Santa Fe _ 4 6 6 13 New York _ _ 173 273 Batavia _ _ 3 8 Corning: 4 2 5 4 5 8 Freeport. _ _ _ 2 8 Garden City _ _ 4 3 Geneva. . _ 3 6 Glen Cove _ _ _ 14 3 Glens Falls _ _ 2 6 Hempstead _ _ _ 1 7 Hudson 1 3 Ithaca _ _ 6 6 Johnstown _ _ 223 223 Kingston - 10 8 Lackawanna _ 7 12 Lockport . _ _ 6 22 7 Mamaroneck. _ 3 7 North Tonawanda _ 4 8 Ogdensburg _ _ _ 1 3 Oneida _ _ _ _ 2 5 Peekskill 4 3 Pelham _ 22 1 225 Plattsburg _ 2 Rensselaer .. . . _ _ 4 3 Saratoga Springs. _ 22 7 6 Tonawanda 225 Valley Stream: Elementary District 1 No. 13 Elementary District 1 No. 24. Elementary District 1 No. 30. High-School District 1 2 No. 1. Watervliet _ _ 1 6 Other cities _ 73 117 North Carolina . 118 Concord _ _ 6 Fayetteville _ _ 8 Gastonia 10 Kingston 5 Rocky Mount _ _ Salisbury _ _ 10 8 Shelby _ _ _ 8 Thomasville 5 Wilson 6 Other cities _ 52 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Men 1,335 3 40 11 604 252 9 15 28 15 17 17 6 15 13 1171 tional U Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio i (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Yomen Boys Girls 5 6 7 8 9 10 140 2,600 2,585 4,507 25.0 816 58 873 881 1,523 20.3 279 116 1,819 1,832 3,191 21.3 578 165 2,578 2,513 4,447 23.5 818 1,878 29,304 28,422 49,789 21.0 8,974 358 7,600 7,605 12,087 27.0 2,149 66 1,621 1,603 2,338 26.6 421 104 2,219 2,126 3,378 26.4 581 188 3,760 3,876 6,371 27.5 1,147 4,764 78,351 73,932 131,348 21.5 24,037 98 1,556 1,427 2,647 21.3 484 32 690 704 1,209 17.5 229 42 932 896 1,589 27.4 299 86 1,346 1,184 2,177 22.7 420 172 2,660 2,521 4,647 22.7 863 116 2.003 1,984 3,422 23.9 611 75 1,064 1,040 1,848 17.3 327 82 1,096 1,020 1,826 18.3 335 58 1,101 993 1,816 27.9 327 88 1,427 1,359 2,400 21.2 431 128 2,419 2,312 4,027 22.0 737 64 1,023 976 1,730 21.6 307 123 2,066 1,892 3,352 21.1 625 66 877 899 1,547 19.8 288 131 2,654 2,393 4,296 24.4 777 131 2,086 2,015 3,612 20.2 656 134 2,145 1,984 3,637 21.0 669 127 1,882 1,771 3,134 19.7 563 111 2,088 1,792 3,430 24.7 645 63 1,048 935 1,729 20.6 327 61 934 888 1,573 22.5 301 69 1,323 1,269 2,284 23.3 411 78 973 880 1,611 16.3 287 49 926 921 1,543 25.7 284 62 769 827 1,369 21.1 254 81 1,154 1,068 1,902 19.8 345 73 1,210 1,189 2,122 22.6 391 24 6 483 6 485 779 30.0 141 23 381 378 601 21.5 109 27 384 326 578 20.6 105 3 44 921 833 1,499 17.8 286 72 1,002 925 1,633 19.7 294 2,174 35,728 33,846 59,779 21.5 10,909 1,766 34,051 34,529 61 ,251 30.4 11 ,094 81 1,562 1,665 2,868 31.8 519 108 2,249 2,190 3,908 31.8 703 151 3,165 3,135 5,536 30.9 996 99 1,801 1,841 2,900 25.4 522 134 2,695 2,697 4,749 31.5 855 99 1,740 1,735 3,182 27.4 573 84 1,499 1,594 2,830 31.4 509 70 1,256 1,217 2,314 27.2 417 113 2,245 2,319 4,009 31.8 722 827 15,839 16,136 28,955 30.7 5,278 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Supervisors Salaries Principals and wages Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 29,173 41 ,900 572,498 22,784 11,369 24,959 915 147,932 2,794 277 8,127 18,350 254,989 11,674 5,712 14,984 458 41 ,290 902 278 16,900 28,750 482,747 22,362 7,275 30,024 784 3,074 958 279 16,000 31,992 499,088 12,825 6,913 28,646 858 93,116 964 280 207,250 472,873 6,978,427 178,732 159,001 378,515 11,457 458,949 11,838 281 39,130 85,738 1,224,926 12,987 8,400 37,209 1,771 587,157 923 282 4,800 20,188 251,705 8,187 13,121 412 301,109 437 283 15,780 21 ,000 381,523 4,800 8,400 2,770 539 106,764 486 284 18,550 44,550 591,698 21,318 820 179,284 285 559,377 1,295,772 19,176,132 433,509 308,615 1,088,184 33,014 1,042,882 25,814 286 14,319 31,265 392,790 7,123 4,162 14,639 670 15,860 162 287 13,550 155,052 1,500 3,195 12,578 260 1,701 162 288 8,000 160,059 3,240 2,084 6,661 251 4,386 266 289 15,196 15,657 272,330 2,445 4,220 9,918 455 8,093 204 290 25,600 28,575 593,918 10,152 8,678 29,147 918 21,383 257 291 6,755 36,800 487,385 22,267 10,931 24,377 872 48,375 2,584 292 21,100 19,400 454,221 12,761 16,272 21,600 777 10,651 1293 14,552 21,459 257,408 0 6,198 16,274 443 2,102 332 294 60,882 13,905 219,267 2,696 15,507 460 507 295 8,950 28,400 371 ,342 3,447 3,487 14,752 597 28,528 623 296 5,400 38,900 675,431 19,600 13,163 38,273 1,121 14,973 720 297 4,000 9,700 210,517 3,716 6,266 21,290 353 15,583 215 298 27,390 26,972 447,000 10,229 6,096 30,168 786 9,635 138 299 12,867 10,200 203,573 3,853 2,306 5,134 365 9,116 236 300 33,263 30,950 544,969 8,864 15,521 30,163 906 80,606 301 43,334 44,612 587,084 22,915 7,451 43,071 1,106 19,942 124 302 22,654 30,844 506,679 6,118 13,956 13,436 888 36,246 584 303 10,810 40,220 651,651 19,662 8,768 32,790 1,161 81 ,343 2,130 304 11,575 35,175 439,379 3,976 8,689 22,677 812 22,076 307 305 4,000 12,025 247,660 2,375 3,771 12,695 409 5,113 96 306 21 5,800 15,125 200,538 3,280 704 4,198 350 4,693 178 307 14,600 12,105 330,235 8,208 6,640 18,940 581 3,966 441:308 5,700 23,300 387,343 8,420 14,013 7,598 670 3,534 1,526,309 7,200 166,642 1,136 11,071 268 6,216 47 310 15,681 12,801 169,036 115 5,133 15,097 327 1,936 164 311 30,556 24,700 276,461 5,450 12,697 8,345 492 5,656 80 312 25,192 295,288 934 3,568 2,332 494 7,424 250,313 6,500 94,091 2,331 1 ,850 3,440 306 3,916 314 6,200 87,803 2,992 1,258 4,708 143 1,484 92 315 5,200 75,270 2,500 1,474 3,309 223 2,279 142 316 6,900 12,500 319,516 19,586 4,697 23,215 491 28,254 550 317 3,590 20,287 216,976 2,909 12,149 357 1,145 288 318 133,903 628,053 8,679,218 212,541 107,535 558,632 14,702 536,667 12,409:319 455,069 4,418,944 35,600 47,741 102,046 6,293 1,095,111 2,621 320 20,280 207,312 855 1,727 4,611 268 124,503 321 28,048 281 ,285 2,126 7,473 388 105,599 158 322 35,551 398,195 2,672 10,642 505 22,745 323 18,408 223,759 1,755 8,467 4,481 373 258,866 149 324 34,502 342,190 2,475 6,988 474 81 ,062 208 325 37,470 262,081 8,075 3,013 7,701 411 30,806 409 326 24,729 194,193 719 9,151 283 32,327 219 327 17,564 168,869 382 2,292 2,373 238 17,083 89 328 27,335 283,672 2,880 4,191 9,481 407 66,609 329 211,182 2,057,388 16,333 25,379 39,145 2,946 355,511 1,389 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel, attendance , andfi Group III.— Cit Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Sci City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 13 78 222 4,166 4,187 7,556 8 26 55 1,235 1,246 2,109 3 35 84 1,677 1,627 2,941 2 17 83 1,254 1,314 2,506 Ohio _ _. _ 45 153 990 2,971 54,088 52,698 97,905 Alliance _ _ 4 3 26 140 2,397 2,439 4,242 Ashland - - 1 6 25 69 1,342 1,299 2,517 4 29 97 1,496 1,528 2,574 Barberton _ 5 11 42 118 2,114 2,032 3,774 Cambridge - 2 7 16 77 1,271 1,220 2,227 8 40 42 1,008 1,051 2,021 Chillicothe - 1 6 28 107 1,985 1,912 3,585 22 7 13 59 987 1,008 1,810 Elyria _ 5 5 41 129 2,398 2,192 4,125 Findlay _ 6 10 37 98 1,728 1,683 3,210 Garfield Heights - 3 5 16 67 1,024 1,059 1,940 Lancaster _ 3 7 28 105 2,168 1,935 3,755 Marietta _ . _ _ 1 30 65 1,403 1,371 2,577 Martins Ferry _ 1 22 72 1,064 1,127 1,933 New Philadelphia. _ 1 2 26 53 1,173 1,103 2,068 Painesville _ __ _ 3 31 66 1,060 1,135 2,072 Piqua _ 3 4 25 70 1,345 1,266 2,434 Salem _ 2 3 24 84 1,182 1,214 2,206 Tiffin . 2 13 58 897 907 1,686 Wooster - 2 3 20 54 1,032 1,069 1,909 Xenia _ 2 21 48 1,203 1,080 2,186 Other cities - 7 53 437 1,293 23,811 23,068 43,054 Oklahoma _ 13 138 329 1,579 29,743 28,212 50,386 Ada - - - 3 9 21 87 ! 1,726 1,656 2,764 Enid _ 12 38 149 2,689 2,617 4,676 Lawton _ _ 1 13 19 153 3,310 3,015 4,936 Me A Jester 9 18 85 1,799 1,753 2,792 Okmulgee _ 3 20 78 1,690 1,529 2,741 Stillwater 6 22 58 1,189 1,185 2,042 Other cities - 9 86 191 969 17,340 16,457 30,435 Oregon _ 12 32 126 486 8,631 8,452 13,800 Bend _ 1 5 28 70 « 1,208 6 1,210 2,024 Eugene. _ 3 14 46 182 3,393 3,264 5,291 Medford _ 3 4 29 87 1,939 1,885 3,066 Other cities - 5 9 23 147 2,091 2,093 3,419 Pennsylvania - 115 310 2,120 6,084 102,264 100,002 185,836 Aliquippa - 2 6 49 121 2,264 2,275 4,076 Arnold _ 1 3 17 40 759 761 1,336 Bellevue 2 13 37 622 606 1,127 Bradford _ _ 5 2 37 103 « 1,966 s 1,967 3,484 Bristol _ 1 17 50 898 864 1,598 Canonsburg. - 1 4 14 68 1,092 1,101 2,067 Carlisle. _ _ - 5 2 31 71 1,360 1,380 2,472 Chambersburg - 1 1 34 77 6 1,410 e 1,410 2,747 Charleroi _ 1 6 30 66 1,131 1,071 2,018 Cheltenham (P. O. Elkins 1 9 37 104 1,424 1,367 2,526 Park). Coatesville. _ 1 6 40 95 1,620 1,588 2,870 Columbia _ 3 1 12 49 831 785 1,533 Connellsville - 2 3 20 77 1,207 1,262 2,220 Conshohocken _ M 2 2 57 753 686 1,385 4 19 46 749 725 1,289 Dormont _ 3 12 58 844 785 1,485 Du Bois - 2 4 18 55 894 791 1,567 >e footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 42,857 754,047 14,125 4,086 17,524 1,111 41,796 1,218 331 20,000 197,000 7,000 308 17,981 366 332 14,007 314,715 3,325 3,318 11,347 451 5,858 771 333 8,850 242,332 3,800 768 6,177 352 17,957 81 334 183,442 594,709 10,904,241 174,966 233,110 477,375 17,723 2,603,861 16,600 335 14,535 12,975 494,264 6,924 11,851 15,158 701 41,469 1,100 336 3,147 19,892 256,069 3,055 5,700 12,691 475 34,811 228 337 15,500 321,357 5,354 4,915 11,674 509 100,733 162 338 17,362 37,284 408,559 9,486 35,670 8,057 710 76,686 928 339 7,390 18,650 214,637 1,466 9,751 356 1,152 340 30,786 239,221 1,540 3,284 11,842 381 28,217 490 341 2,316 19,853 343,490 4,235 6,694 13,135 494 36,938 86 342 22,807 171,169 1,875 2,442 8,562 271 32,500 343 28,120 31,885 475,134 3,706 4,454 22,246 896 20,752 250 344 24,656 38,728 343,188 3,069 6,671 29,100 590 49,964 1,141 345 24,166 22,804 231,986 10,275 4,889 12,641 466 1,962 258 346 9,275 23,320 368,200 3,544 6,872 3,220 660 21,335 299 347 4,568 256,004 4,925 3,867 10,594 369 601 118 348 4,333 217,508 1,455 0 10,576 316 24,325 739 349 1,750 9,058 217,338 2,150 5,318 6,541 328 5,555 105 350 11,323 234,591 5,963 4,317 26,992 387 25,331 690 351 7,863 10,149 236,006 1,635 3,899 15,754 377 6,692 813 352 6,000 8,000 267,699 1,321 5,975 853 396 186,517 750 353 7,740 170,466 0 4,603 3,804 261 4,420 70 354 8,050 9,700 222,989 5,625 3,493 648 322 37,283 695 355 9,437 199,905 2,880 6,923 8,779 334 14,930 28 356 28,812 225,917 5,014,461 94,483 101,273 234,757 8,124 1,851,688 7,650 357 42,946 438,165 4,249,992 71,638 4,425 128,736 6,254 1,442,887 4,299 358 9,536 28,342 227,820 3,630 5,716 333 7,931 92 359 41,338 421,556 5,008 4,425 21,473 658 825,889 1,211 360 2,400 34,827 426,499 2,500 7,324 593 70 297 361 25,658 218,706 403 311 60,424 240 362 13,500 232,277 7,500 20,150 341 320,000 175 363 21 18,000 152,390 5,390 226 3,443 201 364 31,010 276,500 2,570,744 53,000 68,280 3,792 225,130 2,083 365 56,867 137,980 1,889,348 28,064 30,979 103,820 3,019 306,751 799 366 3,500 18,551 270,849 2,283 300 13,882 399 48,385 367 19,705 67,924 739,931 14,594 9,987 45,752 1,190 159,111 139 368 13,757 16,707 372,962 4,382 7,034 26,489 594 10,311 548 369 19,905 34,798 505,606 6,805 13,658 17,697 836 88,944 112 370 428,382 1,205,838 21,563,497 309,886 530,568 1,097,037 35,905 2,129,378 36,021 371 8,012 27,958 495,415 12,421 8,225 30,113 851 54,461 721 372 4,076 10,690 151,948 2,025 4,709 8,433 261 17,884 73 373 7,500 138,656 4,320 2,414 9,982 247 87,991 173 374 15,200 9,300 369,966 7,368 8,881 36,789 637 21,167 369 375 3,941 174,620 1,400 6,075 1,294 279 5,715 58 376 3,000 14,000 201,000 3,000 6,000 9,000 327 46,000 272 377 12,669 6,726 222,672 1,483 9,787 13,574 350 25,402 232 378 3,400 4,250 265,895 3,867 5,870 13,146 379 12,749 194 379 3,629 18,266 256,638 2,898 4,504 18,460 426 12,907 228 380 9,400 37,999 448,809 7,555 7,270 1,455 769 26,917 1,288 381 3,438 20,998 332,470 7,346 7,294 16,423 569 34,200 318 382 10,800 3,600 126,468 2,500 3,000 7,000 257 1,678 250 383 7,507 11,500 249,895 6,665 5,902 0 411 26,114 384 6,817 132,946 965 4,046 4,582 199 88 385 14,491 170,450 4,859 10,947 304 73 386 11,817 196,017 5,975 10,249 1,255 344 5,512 561 387 6,240 13,750 184,181 3,200 3,898 10,418 308 4,168 53 388 56 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and j Group III. — Cn Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Sci City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff i Enrollment Average daily attendance Men Women Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dunmore. - 1 8 24 77 1,485 1,405 2,657 2 25 74 1,440 1,459 2,639 Greensburg - - 3 5 30 97 1,710 1,736 3,135 2 28 53 1,034 1,017 1,925 Indiana _ 2 3 24 48 951 985 1,782 Jeannette _ 2 1 23 95 1,277 1,228 2,279 1 35 106 1,551 1,498 2,786 Lansdowne _ _ 1 3 21 78 841 837 1,496 3 23 53 935 927 1,782 Lebanon _ _ 1 3 43 117 6 2,252 6 2,252 4,057 22 2 32 51 6 1 , 150 6 1,151 2,034 4 57 610 565 1,093 4 13 57 »924 8 863 8 1,555 8 25 92 1,393 1,375 2,352 Mount Carmel _ 1 2 21 59 887 763 1,539 Mt. Lebanon _ _ 3 6 39 132 2,005 1,958 3,963 Muhlenberg (P. 0. Laurel- 2 1 19 53 930 913 1,719 dale). 5 27 81 6 1,260 6 1,261 2,292 Oil City - - 3 4 66 52 1,446 1,500 2,722 Old Forge _ 7 25 39 889 837 1,576 Phoenix ville _ 1 2 18 52 909 776 1,547 Pottstown _ 7 4 36 103 6 1,743 «1,743 3,122 Shamokin _ _ 1 31 75 1,142 1 ,055 2,044 Shenandoah _ 3 11 66 783 798 1,455 fiteelt.nn 2 27 55 821 888 1,548 Tamaqua _ 2 2 20 42 1,012 971 1,857 Uniontown _ 2 3 39 98 1,531 1,609 2,981 Vandergrift - 1 12 67 946 992 1,891 W arren 2 32 72 1,422 1,381 2,498 Washington _ 3 7 18 118 2,159 2,122 3,799 Waynesboro _ 22 2 2 19 45 811 799 1,513 West Chester 4 25 70 1,139 1,141 2,222 Wilkinsburg _ i 8 38 128 2,307 2,250 3,919 Other cities _ 53 136 849 2,448 40,745 39,523 74,257 Rhode Island _ 18 37 150 589 9,781 9,171 16,725 Bristol _ 4 5 14 47 6 868 6 868 1,558 Central Falls _ 3 7 12 59 868 745 1,372 Cumberland (P. O. Valley 1 9 48 772 721 1,334 Falls). Warwick (P. O. Apponaug).. 1 4 42 179 3,147 3,014 5,552 Westerly _ _ 3 2 22 53 947 846 1,556 West Warwick _ 22 2 13 57 953 912 1,556 Other cities _ 7 16 38 146 2,226 2,065 3,797 South Carolina _ 3 20 129 854 14,041 14,728 24,669 Florence _ 2 6 3 20 3 190 2,438 2,428 4,082 Greenwood _ 4 20 129 2,173 2,287 3,868 Orangeburg - 1 6 16 91 1,708 1,800 2,929 Sumter 4 15 114 1,863 2,123 3,394 Other cities 58 330 5,859 6,090 10,396 South Dakota _ 10 23 103 355 6,330 6,401 11,350 Aberdeen - 2 4 24 86 1,525 1,524 2,726 Huron _ 1 4 18 57 899 980 1,776 Mitchell _ 3 6 18 57 896 944 1,756 Rapid City — . . 3 7 26 92 1,883 1,840 3,095 Watertown . 1 2 17 63 1,127 1,113 1,997 Tennessee _ _ 4 37 113 713 12,036 12,194 21,878 Bristol _ 1 7 17 100 1,607 1,521 2,915 Cleveland _ 2 4 4 74 1,255 1,297 2,345 Jackson _ 3 30 120 2,314 2,348 4,193 footnotes at end of table CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 2,650 22,638 240,333 6,466 1 13,453 9.74C 291,212 3,953 7,648 11,554 10,092 18.87C 343,790 3,424 7,147 28,570 6,544 198,290 2,623 6,514 905 7,722 10,628 196,234 3,965 4,514 11,977 8,028 4,685 250,028 3,655 3,632 21,171 4,108 359,333 1,080 6,865 18,467 3,908 12,590 220,239 4,133 5,602 1,478 12,017 209,699 1,700 5,638 16,140 2,664 11,404 372,217 4,902 9,873 19,936 6,858 188,683 1,550 4,600 22,200 2,604 11,158 136,138 1,200 1,929 8,074 12,995 177,664 4,014 3,642 28 j 640 351,168 4,461 14,286 23,657 2,058 7,616 152,807 2,766 3,321 1,131 11,844 28,700 556,687 15,916 8,208 21,845 4,850 3,600 179,386 1,700 2,400 11,198 19,544 287,039 8,203 4,763 1,030 13,450 16,156 306,236 1,704 8,775 2,047 21 ,050 130,164 4,511 3,616 3,278 7,304 181,057 2,941 4,132 14,683 16,800 17,265 364,323 3,200 9,301 17,076 3,507 244,368 1,365 7,841 10,821 9,408 176,005 1,147 3,104 2,570 7,650 196,487 1,490 2,961 13,215 7,500 7,700 154,000 1,800 10,300 0 7,865 13,399 368,285 7,376 6,054 23,641 3,781 171,381 1,084 3,390 10,618 8,929 286,829 3,638 5,315 12,289 10,266 24,500 336,678 6,100 6,005 16,937 8,009 9,779 157,910 2,433 11,135 1,951 14,277 250,904 4,055 6,009 23,925 3,399 34,442 493,814 4,126 9,511 24,239 214,024 550,753 8,916,063 129,208 221,821 490,110 68,690 140,598 2,015,384 16,358 43,698 83,027 23 20,000 23 25,000 23 174,838 23 5,000 2,579 7,942 10,236 22,500 182,548 3,049 8,214 3,386 3,750 166,298 2,616 3,704 4,117 17,968 648,186 3,474 12,166 30,869 6,420 8,583 207,275 3,213 3,143 8,609 8,789 207,433 7,791 10,000 27,917 54,008 428,806 1,622 7,189 18,816 12,263 66,892 1,828,318 8,510 55,383 8,763 19,432 302,608 18,025 9,700 294,677 2,100 6,109 3,500 19,673 211,351 2,625 6,265 18,087 297,996 3,785 8,246 721,686 16,738 37,842 74,583 1,107,755 10,749 21,354 41,383 7,000 14,000 285,841 6,129 13,698 3,500 14,000 181,021 3,436 5,880 10,825 19,484 187,322 1,914 2,820 11,127 10,842 18,257 271,626 6,327 5,785 3,193 5,675 8,842 181,945 2,508 3,184 7,485 13,572 135,341 1,621,603 21,227 20,318 63,604 2,000 30,225 271,979 5,570 3,500 4,100 8,572 18,700 135,907 1,125 4,340 1,816 8,183 288,917 2,444 9,768 3,270 Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 427 16,371 162 419 10,069 49 575 45,936 340 283 5,678 188 ; 316 14,034 170 : 407 16,626 65 : 582 69,260 65 : 350 1,694 409 ; 329 22,045 127 : 567 27,915 718 ; 316 10,024 35 ; 230 2,610 145 < 286 14,555 371 4 594 7,297 265 4 237 2,726 165 4 887 166,615 1,496 4 278 7,588 186 4 465 6,555 440 4 514 5,249 450 4 226 49,942 94 4 283 62,841 215 4 573 10,053 437 4 366 41,819 185 4 283 1,720 312 4 322 21,320 115 4 272 750 169 4 667 225,725 633 4 317 49 4 430 10,670 311 4 555 12,962 719 4 254 3,471 192 4 447 50,222 158 4 803 13,390 881 4 ,127 788,781 20,754 4 ,201 58,062 2,154 4 293 949 . 4 296 2,632 393 4 241 2,606 10 4 923 42,570 931 4 327 3,742 441 4 304 4,265 161 4 817 1,298 218 4: ,608 478,144 1 ,394 4i 476 103,928 567 4i 430 27,416 92 4i 320 8,808 228 4: 405 258,275 113 4; 977 79,717 394 4! ,825 56,183 325 4: 462 11,597 140 4: 2 Ml 5,994 25 4: 319 6,450 70 4' 163 21,734 90 4' 292 10,408 . 4' ,315 1,070,820 2,434 4' 380 11,610 254 4' 186 135 4- 366 136,832 831 4' 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group III. — Cities of 10,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City o m Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average Pupil- teacher Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 447 12 25 137 2,324 2,368 4,262 26.3 750 448 6 4 135 1,895 1,850 3,373 24.3 597 449 Other cities _ 1 5 33 147 2,641 2,810 4,790 26.6 826 450 Texas _ 22 203 552 3,140 56,590 54,849 92,919 25.2 16,294 451 Abilene _ 1 12 34 174 4,183 3,867 5,414 26.2 956 452 6 14 85 1,288 1,672 1,303 1,585 2,385 24.1 417 453 Corsicana. _ 1 6 11 91 2,783 27.3 487 454 5 16 65 1,324 2,308 1,291 2,315 3,578 28.6 424 455 10 7 24 128 2,137 26.5 633 456 Highland Park - 22 1 7 24 149 2,181 2,061 3,779 21.8 662 457 Longview - - 1 22 10 34 124 6 2,650 6 2,650 4,100 25.9 738 458 7 13 154 1,843 1,919 3,208 19.2 565 459 11 18 120 2,288 2,285 4,345 31.5 778 460 3 18 62 1,223 1,244 2,091 26.1 366 461 San Angelo - — 22 3 11 32 169 2,640 2,623 4,679 23.3 783 462 6 16 68 1,272 995 1,226 1,048 2,123 1,507 25.3 371 463 4 6 44 30.1 261 464 Texarkana _ _ _ 8 27 114 2,606 2,304 3,913 27.8 689 465 Tyler - 4 10 27 170 3,044 2,993 5,027 25.5 880 466 Other cities - 11 87 255 1,423 25,073 24,313 41,672 24.8 7,284 467 Utah _ _ 4 15 80 155 4,434 4,137 7,699 32.8 1,349 468 Logan _ 2 7 32 59 1,635 1,401 2,624 28.8 451 469 Provo _ 2 8 48 96 2,799 2,736 5,075 35.2 898 470 Vermont _ 4 8 67 253 4,525 4,379 7,797 24.4 1,383 471 Barre 16 _ 1 14 58 1,024 1,033 1,887 26.2 331 472 Brattleboro _ 1 13 50 834 882 1,474 23.4 259 473 Burlington _ 4 4 20 85 1,731 1,607 2,847 27.1 512 474 Rutland _ 2 20 60 936 857 1,589 19.9 281 475 Virginia _ 13 27 73 440 6,916 1,625 7,135 12,763 24.9 2,318 476 Charlottesville _ 3 6 22 100 1,655 3,122 25.6 562 477 Fredericksburg _ - 1 3 10 60 876 937 1,617 23.1 291 478 Martinsville _ _ 2 6 6 99 1,513 1,510 2,693 25.6 485 479 Staunton . _ _ 4 3 11 53 863 938 1,591 24.9 287 480 Suffolk _ 1 6 10 63 924 961 1,712 23.5 322 481 Winchester . - - 2 3 14 65 1,115 1,134 2,028 25.7 371 482 Washington _ 35 98 470 1,371 29,462 27,315 45,890 24.9 8,252 483 Aberdeen - 2 5 51 92 2,183 1,903 3,331 23.3 600 484 Bellingham.. _ _ _ 3 10 46 157 3,051 3,004 5,199 25.6 936 485 Bremerton _ 9 16 69 223 4,438 4,018 6,725 23.0 1,210 486 Hoquiam _ _ _ 1 7 13 60 1,189 1,177 1,974 27.0 356 487 Longview _ 3 8 45 104 2,835 2,561 4,191 28.1 743 488 Olympia _ 2 6 39 89 1,937 2,012 3,326 26.0 585 489 Vancouver _ _ 8 17 76 268 5,355 4,735 8,070 23.5 1,456 490 Walla Walla - - 222 229 26 93 1,778 1,723 2,842 23.9 512 491 Wenatchee. _ _ 7 30 105 2,328 2,029 3,443 25.5 619 492 Yakima.. _ _ . __ 5 13 75 180 4,368 4,153 6,789 26.6 1,235 493 Wisconsin _ 35 104 630 1,735 30,894 30,062 55,017 23.3 10,050 494 Appleton _ _ _ 5 225 47 135 2,445 2,384 4,310 23.7 750 495 Beaver Dam. - - - 22 2 1 18 46 780 786 1,497 23.4 277 496 Beloit _ 22 18 65 147 3,012 2,941 5,319 25.1 1,011 497 Cudahy - - - 1 4 17 41 759 768 1,314 22.7 248 498 Janesville _ _ 6 7 25 103 2,066 2,137 3,649 28.5 671 499 Manitowoc _ _ 1 5 47 104 1,970 1,876 3,609 23.9 660 500 Marinette. _ 1 1 16 66 1,109 1,048 2,020 24.6 372 501 Marshfield _ 22 2 19 41 754 698 1,335 22.3 234 502 Menasha.. - 1 15 41 669 601 1,066 19.0 197 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Total current expenditures * for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 3,000 42,000 18,733 17,500 332,704 270,278 321,818 2,991 7,809 1,288 2,710 19,933 18,345 16,140 483 424 476 7,071 908,669 6,638 1,214 74,960 23 3,200 2,591 3,540 3,500 10,301 13,322 38,506 726,185 9,476,708 23 43,200 23 595,682 23 18,500 23 241 ,000 19,099 243,033 20,350 189,577 23,538 309,166 32,200 627,785 35,600 352,378 20,270 408,822 32,368 325,178 10,200 194,002 34,633 518,881 17,200 209,852 12,089 126,671 41,396 361,503 30,611 524,475 334,931 4,248,703 132,160 9,833 23 5,000 2,700 3,000 2,833 900 18,045 372 1,624 5,295 3,038 7,133 3,675 3,210 10,784 1,177 17,368 54,230 1,609 333,547 23 31,473 1,000 4,070 3.650 7,936 38,923 4,017 10,980 12,768 14,498 23,479 6,847 7.651 9,287 24,846 132,122 13,282 797 312 330 247 447 867 481 513 438 270 694 319 178 582 748 6,060 2,566,319 14,920 17,000 10,740 1,000 190,972 326,304 6,592 511,085 235,437 2,687 215,036 120,251 17,276 365,599 253,172 278,248 20,595 1,050 445 1,142 1,112 956 892 218 1,861 657 1,566 1,313 9,383 15,324 6,955 8,369 57,007 21,935 35,072 714,508 254,424 460,084 14,690 3,425 11,265 5,473 5,473 87,921 20,036 67,885 1,198 416 782 262,468 16,012 246,456 18,075 18,075 31,576 3,600 4,966 14,490 8,520 759,186 128.296 161.297 271,376 198,217 14,513 1,551 2,132 7,448 3,382 16,047 3,159 5,729 4,556 2,603 43,093 9,914 12,275 11,628 9,276 1,203 203 251 420 329 35,876 1,841 29,010 2,871 2,154 38,710 9,640 4,000 3,485 10,330 2,500 8,755 86,865 20,155 7,266 19,000 13,153 17,593 9,698 1,099,475 253,749 160,334 261,419 21,757 6,299 1,538 6,775 124,704 146,115 4,888 251 153,154 3,795 1,287 71,846 24,424 10,986 16,462 4,681 6,679 8,614 1,712 385 236 428 226 208 229 405,806 52,673 107,000 211,102 22,957 5,421 6,653 164,324 423,658 6,023,333 10,965 25,788 473,493 20,926 39,302 651,098 46,450 77,326 951,636 5,224 28,273 227,534 13,012 39,304 498,674 7,212 31,449 411,249 29,885 70,261 1,104,301 7,475 32,783 357,657 24,700 457,845 23,175 54,472 889,846 185,366 90,190 457,971 16,113 4,619 38,861 13,079 10,624 24,972 33,160 13,810 96,915 3,287 4,916 15,119 20,975 8,331 34,303 11,624 4,846 27,493 53,013 10,482 131,703 2,069 11,779 24,184 9,526 7,278 27,434 22,520 14,225 36,987 10,233 782 1,001 1,810 394 880 651 2,070 585 671 1,389 770,342 103,412 7,703 135,233 13,000 72,647 80,214 120,099 35,190 25,023 177,821 3,166 437 374 153,675 24,447 7,501 4,416 17,655 4,031 7,475 408,388 20,966 4,942 58,643 16,382 26,490 21,786 4,305 7,441 4,000 6,581,485 431 ,207 162,524 690,127 173,423 404,028 451 ,660 193,157 150,091 145,418 157,321 6,905 4,957 20,704 2,208 5,843 9,966 1,896 4,638 4,560 62,282 3,956 6,699 4,687 5,231 4,509 876 427,317 44,544 13,351 33,576 15,822 27,446 24,122 8,657 19,428 6,162 10,658 745 263 1,092 307 605 719 283 269 226 570,815 43,827 7,174 91,891 1,490 27,070 11,437 1,000 10,364 3,761 1,391 265 64 493 494 495 496 497 498 1561499 ...500 3 501 _ 502 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance, and fiscal data for Group III. — Cities of 10,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 503 Two Rivers _ 1 20 32 572 569 1,109 21.3 206 504 Watertown. _ ._ 2 1 13 43 809 833 1,458 26.0 265 505 Waukesha _ _ 1 9 39 - 107 2,048 2,103 3,571 24.5 664 506 Wausau _ 11 52 151 2,414 2,426 4,614 22.7 817 507 Wauwatosa.. _ _ 3 9 51 146 2,454 2,384 2* 4,067 20.6 744 508 Wisconsin Rapids _ __ 1 1 23 63 1,091 1,051 1,861 21.6 329 509 Other cities - - 12 28 163 469 7,942 7,457 14,218 22.5 2,605 510 Wyoming _ 3 30 93 448 8,100 7,764 13,323 24.6 2,366 51 1 Cheyenne _ . 2 11 27 164 3,323 3,161 5,363 28.1 944 512 Laramie 22 4 20 55 1,130 1,071 1,822 24.3 322 513 Other cities _ 1 15 46 229 3,647 3,532 6,138 22.3 1,100 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 29,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools (in thousands) Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Supervisors Salaries Principals and wages Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 4,420 154,008 2,226 2,400 9,629 247 9,226 22 503 8,570 3,913 155,562 2,836 2,049 8,265 228 185,525 257 504 3,900 34,381 427,655 14,446 23,590 660 53,593 20 505 38,941 482,821 10,212 6,273 25,877 730 15,410 506 12,934 40,972 634,591 26,700 15,262 986 10,871 507 2,350 4,950 205,693 4,239 2,655 11,977 405 4,813 450 508 60,396 115,856 1,719,520 34,985 22,947 139,609 2,893 92,363 157 509 12,340 119,580 1,497,702 10,351 33,946 64,544 2,443 82,788 2,078 510 9,382 32,236 520,009 10,351 9,777 27,471 820 45,105 1,482 511 17,810 209,538 3,766 7,938 305 17,382 320 512 2,958 69,534 768,155 20,403 29,135 1,318 20,301 276 513 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group IV. — Cities of 5,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States 486 2,300 10,627 39,108 704,497 692,759 1,220,446 24.5 219,819 28 72 673 11,821 11,789 20,484 27.5 3,678 5 7 72 1,215 1,117 1,652 20.9 261 22 2 2 38 565 608 1,080 27.0 189 2 7 65 1,238 1,199 2,069 28.7 372 Sheffield _ 4 4 62 991 1,008 1,760 26.7 310 3 2 50 715 705 1,325 25.5 232 12 50 386 7,097 7,152 12,598 28.9 2,314 Arizona _ 10 36 180 486 11,281 11,121 18,530 27.8 3,262 6 15 63 1,030 1,030 1,733 22.2 307 Douglas.. _ I 8 26 69 1,517 1,440 2,485 26.2 445 3 9 46 1,205 1,190 1,845 33.5 327 Mesa _ _ 22 l 8 38 74 2,122 1,971 3,543 31.6 627 Nogales . . - - l 1 13 37 740 737 1,208 24.2 217 Other cities - - 7 10 79 197 4,667 4,753 7,716 28.0 1,339 Arkansas.. _ 1 42 109 676 13,827 13,646 21,785 27.8 4,723 Camden (Secondary) _ 2 4 51 472 473 822 14.9 148 Forrest City 4 18 103 2,591 2,596 3,575 29.5 593 Paragould _ 21 i 5 40 834 763 1,306 29.0 235 Stuttgart - 1 1 7 34 489 475 880 21.5 155 Van Buren _ 21 i 10 45 1,099 1,098 22 1,566 28.5 282 Other cities _ 33 65 403 8,342 8,241 13,636 29.1 3,310 California _ 27 180 911 2,857 54,055 51,952 98,350 26.1 16,902 Antioch _ 5 15 59 1,134 1,227 2,192 29.6 388 Arcadia _ _ _ 4 15 58 1,127 1,028 2,022 27.7 354 1 Coronado _ _ 2 10 66 793 787 1,422 18.7 249 Grass Valley 2 1 57 946 841 1,763 30.4 309 Watsonville _ 4 22 68 1,493 1,477 2,570 28.6 455 1 Other cities. . - 27 163 848 2,549 48,562 46,592 88,381 26.0 15,147 i Colorado _ 29 136 431 7,535 7,329 13,895 24.5 2,460 Alamosa _ _ 2 9 41 696 705 1,340 26.8 241 ! Durango _ _ 2 17 38 735 706 1,400 25.5 253 ! La Junta. . ._ _ _ 3 24 67 1,215 1,097 2,224 24.4 400 Longmont _ _ _ 6 21 49 1,067 1,064 1,788 25.5 322 i Sterling _ _ 3 4 39 449 424 820 19.1 147 i Other cities _ _ 13 61 197 3,373 3,333 6,323 24.5 1,097 Connecticut. . 3 19 58 262 4,325 4,234 7,684 24.0 1,382 1 Griswold (P.O. Jewett City) 21 i 8 24 312 340 557 17.4 100 l Putnam - 1 3 6 29 487 506 864 24.7 149 l Stafford Springs - - 22 l 22 1 4 31 408 431 761 21.7 138 Vernon (P. 0. Rockville). 3 13 40 720 657 1,299 24.5 237 ! Winchester (P. 0. Winsted) 21 2 2 48 578 564 1,040 20.8 188 1 Other cities _ l 9 25 90 1,820 1,736 3,163 27.5 570 Delaware _ _ 3 21 46 563 591 1,087 16.2 196 i Dover _ 3 21 46 563 591 1,087 16.2 196 1 Georgia _ ... 2 33 103 753 13,529 13,891 23,085 27.0 4,062 ' Americus _ . 1 14 62 1,039 1,242 1,882 24.8 332 1 Carrollton _ 5 2 44 747 881 1,407 30.6 247 1 Cedartown _ 7 9 66 1,238 1,244 2,084 27.8 365 1 Fitzgerald _ ; _ 21 1 3 53 790 844 1,506 26.9 264 Thomaston _ _ 7 14 89 1,584 1,634 2,801 27.2 484 1 Other cities _ 2 12 61 439 8,131 8,046 13,405 26.8 2,370 ! Idaho _ 6 20 87 1,749 1,658 2,980 27.9 503 l Caldwell . . . 3 10 47 1,131 1,087 1,867 32.7 310 i Moscow. - 3 10 40 618 571 1,113 22.3 193 55 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 63 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 9,999 Population Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1,746,674 8,139,192 126,556,852 1,511,406 1,933,658 7,188,738 204,774,305 26,959,960 168,184 93,273 1,568,170 7,310 1,263 40,702 2,135,119 376,650 196 17,012 133,014 1,263 4,041 204,724 6,451 o’ooo 60,000 854 93,791 2,780 7,200 146,861 7,581 206,268 22,113 14 J80 149,058 3,010 2,532 244,557 2,501 6,600 101,637 1,600 1,129 141,233 32,170 125 41,681 977,600 2,700 24,565 1,244,546 310,635 71 38,829 143,580 2,082,763 23,020 3,790 154,308 3,418,905 431,367 1,587 20,307 213,903 5,722 341,862 17,296 3,520 32,479 308,195 1,473 9,625 461,105 10,536 13,000 203,528 4,315 424 9,026 399,967 3,152 220 4,865 30,916 314,754 3,990 15,362 504,227 26,691 103 4,339 4,144 168,557 1 ,800 35 4,347 248,529 26,105 42,734 873,826 9,657 3,331 110,226 1,463,215 373,692 1,264 5,049 101 ,701 1,314,094 11,991 8,274 19,901 2,069,303 509,883 2,333 7,434 115,653 375 1,498 148,894 22,194 42 10,182 188,335 1,664 5,000 4,000 379,267 17,892 182 2i 3,000 72,696 3,588 1,000 96,804 3,400 266 5,049 4,425 68,583 1,742 1,326 105,170 5,451 101 21 3,000 97,000 1,200 3,000 141 ,020 24,800 90 73,660 771,827 3,422 1,948 10,403 1,198,148 436,146 1,652 104,980 847,518 12,183,530 157,923 90,851 1,259,292 20,189,977 4,296,446 22,335 16,540 231,511 16,138 3,494 32,427 400,789 48,456 490 16,000 241 ,102 18,152 406,478 447,353 1,048 10,000 245,770 28,608 373,104 3,856 131 7,000 84,201 9,853 168,968 34,426 79 14,075 344,868 13,634 8,733 44,271 586,092 52,212 1,145 104,980 783,903 11,036,078 128,151 78,624 1,125,981 18,254,546 3,710,143 19,442 85,207 1,303,040 11,892 23,650 48,146 1,962,126 144,634 1,765 6,850 114,884 1,600 3,700 164,948 5,223 97 7,728 121,581 8,726 192,826 1,914 80 10,527 203,768 1,250 2,933 305,404 1,378 529 15,573 177,341 2,654 7,826 264,738 5,517 696 9,084 107,333 779 5,264 162,211 2,438 89 35,445 578,133 6,388 14,145 28,423 871,999 128,164 274 8,636 62,604 801 ,626 8,500 32,984 31,781 1,347,816 153,093 386 21 3,500 80,665 3,247 5,022 136,331 3,538 3,000 10,307 92,409 1,558 2,675 5,541 162,587 5,758 2,686 3,636 81,686 2,173 2,084 4,032 142,098 2,030 45 10,617 147,456 1,450 9,782 524 222,495 1,500 166 21 6,065 114,262 4,024 4,846 175,159 6,052 103 2,950 28,479 285,148 3,319 11,172 11,816 509,146 134,215 72 10,450 178,712 2,525 6,705 256,796 5,765 160 10,450 178,712 2,525 6,705 256,796 5,765 160 5,430 85,468 1,484,927 5,220 47,037 2,147,312 350,697 592 2,000 119,728 776 154,865 2,066 10,000 78,389 1,620 1,526 119,585 1,155 14,424 135,659 900 1,588 201 ,336 286,183 303 21 2,500 93,359 3,657 117,936 20,415 189,693 1,800 6,355 312,786 13,582 5,430 36,129 868,099 900 33,135 1,240,804 47,711 289 13,364 185,853 1,460 3,193 9,541 335,324 26,715 286 8,279 128,861 1,460 3,193 6,051 204,093 12,224 286 5,085 56,992 3,490 131,231 14,491 (<) 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group IV. — Cities of 5,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 56 Illinois _ 22 143 771 2,416 42,452 42,016 73,425 23.0 13,674 57 1 9 38 610 591 1,093 23.3 205 58 Charleston _ 6 12 38 611 542 1,026 20.5 194 59 1 16 58 833 790 1,600 21.6 299 60 Flora.. _ _ 1 1 7 22 402 339 668 23.0 130 61 5 15 47 1,049 1,149 1,961 31.6 367 62 6 16 51 816 843 1,473 22.0 270 63 Other cities - 21 123 696 2,162 38,131 37,762 65,604 23.0 12,209 64 Indiana. . 23 84 430 1,048 22,360 22,367 39,010 26.4 6,901 65 2 12 30 540 533 944 22.5 168 66 5 14 38 779 833 1,434 27.6 254 67 Clinton _ 1 2 11 28 631 609 1,097 28.1 194 68 Franklin _ 3 2 17 32 654 597 1,059 21.6 186 69 Valparaiso - 2 3 15 42 929 907 1,598 23.9 279 70 2 18 49 906 960 1,595 23.8 284 71 Other cities.. _ _ 17 68 343 829 17,921 17,928 31,283 26.7 5,536 72 Iowa _ __ 6 50 243 915 15,056 14,567 25,972 22.4 4,622 73 Albia _ 5 8 32 696 569 1,063 26.6 187 74 Cedar Falls... . 224 14 57 915 901 1,571 22.1 278 75 Knoxville _ 221 22 1 9 34 655 707 1,224 28.5 219 76 Oelwein.. _ 22 2 2 12 39 624 616 1,109 21.7 120 77 Perry - - 22 1 2 10 36 571 592 1,024 22.3 183 78 Washington _ 5 14 34 557 573 1,005 20.9 182 79 Other cities - 2 31 176 683 11,038 10,609 18,976 22.1 3,453 80 Kansas ... _ 5 49 201 621 11,480 11,075 19,734 24.0 3,493 81 Concordia... _ 1 13 36 622 628 1,099 22.4 194 82 Dodge City - 1 8 33 70 1,377 1,270 2,379 23.1 416 83 Garden City - 2 1 17 54 1,113 1,002 1,771 24.9 315 84 Great Bend. _ 1 5 21 57 1,189 1,144 2,002 25.7 360 85 Junction City _ 225 11 57 1,134 1,128 1,806 26.6 313 86 Pratt _ 4 23 37 894 783 1,468 24.5 259 87 Other cities - 1 25 83 310 5,151 5,120 9,209 23.4 1,636 88 Kentucky _ 58 125 693 12,345 12,350 21,397 26.2 3,926 89 Bellevue _ _ 2 10 26 458 396 770 21.4 154 90 Corbin _ _ 4 7 32 721 747 1,357 34.8 239 91 Glasgow _ 1 6 37 6 794 6 795 1,286 29.9 224 92 Jenkins _ 7 11 37 1,115 1,157 1,957 40.8 346 93 Ludlow _ 2 6 24 333 349 605 20.2 111 94 Mayfield .. _ 6 8 47 740 770 1,356 24.7 235 95 Other cities _ 36 77 490 8,184 8,136 14,066 24.8 2,617 96 Maine _ 2 24 99 423 7,578 7,626 13,735 26.3 2,449 97 Belfast. _ 1 8 29 596 589 1,089 29.4 185 98 Brewer _ 1 15 39 694 738 1,293 23.9 232 99 Gardiner _ 8 5 42 « 741 « 741 1,334 28.4 240 100 Old Town _ _ 2 2 11 38 765 762 1,343 27.4 241 101 Rockland _ 1 14 48 872 860 1,500 24.2 274 102 Saco _ _ 21 1 42 637 521 1,062 25.3 179 103 Other cities _ 10 46 185 3,273 3,415 6,114 26.5 1,098 104 Massachusetts _ 62 95 264 1,234 20,016 19,370 35,996 24.0 6,377 105 Abington _ 3 7 30 487 490 912 24.6 161 106 Concord _ 1 3 18 44 684 664 1,180 19.0 213 107 Hudson _ _ 3 1 8 32 559 425 927 23.2 166 108 Ipswich _ _ 2 2 4 36 504 481 902 22.6 159 109 Mansfield _ 2 7 37 532 581 1,031 23.4 181 110 Middleboro _ 2 4 16 49 909 891 1,655 25.5 285 111 Other cities _ _ 54 80 204 1,006 16,341 15,838 29,389 24.3 5,212 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 9,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Dat Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 113,277 520,212 8,603,896 64,210 93,938 462,561 14,382,416 2,871,938 20,874 56 3,525 121,738 966 3,751 5,291 182,966 12,489 730 57 16,950 121,983 300 14,396 191 ,287 58 5,000 215,000 3,500 100 8,700 327,300 8,000 65 59 2,100 2,400 60,730 1,200 225 8,143 107,102 30 eo 17,640 148,890 3,300 7,964 1,242 283,000 59,038 960 61 16,812 150,219 2,100 720 9,493 245,587 23,466 86 62 111,177 457,885 7,785,336 53,144 80,878 415,296 13,045,174 2,768,945 19,003 63 80,303 345,269 4,381,341 41,519 3,841 178,137 6,495,308 363,683 958 64 21 6,911 131,404 1,029 3,126 187,260 1 ,473 65 21,846 125,666 5,756 213,823 137,229 88 66 2,935 9,278 119,118 810 2,256 172,705 816 11 67 10,389 8,212 126,042 3,000 21,965 210,779 1,015 63 68 6,146 15,838 175,503 2,043 6,230 258,723 7,561 2 69 7,765 177,250 6,125 255,107 579 20 70 60,833 275,419 3,526,088 34,637 3,841 132,679 5,196,911 215,010 774 71 21,469 172,961 2,719,594 23,045 14,993 156,098 4,344,671 288,995 3,022 72 13,431 84,449 875 4,038 146,061 3,239 26 73 14,946 158,403 1,175 3,246 9,105 255,345 33,448 118 74 3,000 3,065 113,291 8,239 169,691 19,392 139 75 8,693 7,600 140,162 1 ,580 4,915 224,399 10,412 71 76 3,976 7,859 109,730 1,420 10,728 198,786 18,964 203 77 13,932 118,948 4,058 9,041 201,836 3,504 78 5,800 112,128 1,994,611 13,937 11,747 110,032 3,148,553 200,036 2,465 79 15,448 155,024 1,836,094 25,498 125 162,224 2,841,618 186,558 1,808 80 1,528 114,055 12,146 169,627 1,365 28 81 3,400 18,350 265,008 4,401 16,076 381,835 38,718 606 82 5,372 4,442 170,142 8,018 259,290 49,396 83 2,600 18,590 182,830 3,147 11,246 275,404 6,115 632 84 16,743 150,065 1,777 15 9,406 234,385 25,000 364 85 14,108 152,354 3,685 8,643 230,226 4,796 58 86 4,076 81,263 801,640 12,488 110 96,689 1,290,851 61,168 120 87 149,004 1,538,951 4,896 52,212 2,428,093 85,458 738 88 7,842 84,239 80 4,199 148,989 60 89 9,399 72,101 2,010 107,624 1,504 32 90 3,180 70,992 1,335 92,352 1,375 22 91 18,636 91,560 1,133 153,590 7,311 8 92 5,500 63,938 1,038 101,704 1,558 1,735 30 93 11,864 90,712 2,026 151,481 45 94 92,583 1,065,409 4,816 40,471 1,672,353 71,975 541 95 6,550 65,243 1,026,614 4,398 40,979 49,185 1,678,846 386 96 3,500 65,068 1,898 2,740 101,278 97 3,900 98,095 3,249 3,622 164,623 98 16,000 76,319 7,518 122,138 99 6,550 7,400 107,220 500 3,754 174,567 135 100 2,300 148,141 1,800 3,410 178,471 101 21 3,000 81,621 2,098 2,377 140,658 5 102 29,143 450,150 18,773 42,823 797,111 246 103 209,726 337,458 3,794,521 40,173 110,524 176,033 6,639,557 405,673 284 104 9,300 87,700 714 1,896 2,256 142,508 1,803 107 105 2,133 11,370 149,171 4,488 3,807 8,756 258,582 6,584 106 9,649 3,645 111 ,176 3,740 7,060 178,147 107 4,830 6,213 87,835 2,003 3,166 154,794 3,328 42 108 6,770 105,125 150 1 ,632 6,746 163,748 365 109 6,100 13,050 151,762 4,012 3,605 4,572 248,297 720 110 187,014 287,110 3,101,752 27,069 90,521 150,537 5,493,481 392,873 135 111 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group IV. — Cities of 5,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 112 Michigan . _ 22 82 509 1,519 29,337 30,172 52,106 25.7 9,893 113 Albion _ 221 3 14 55 1,005 1,025 1,896 27.5 360 114 4 11 63 1,505 1,538 2,694 36.4 512 115 2 12 34 688 688 1,260 27.4 228 116 1 17 51 794 737 1,378 20.3 254 117 22 1 18 42 841 797 1,413 23.6 281 118 4 23 37 859 863 1,408 23.5 281 119 Other cities _ _ 21 67 414 1,237 23,645 24,524 42,057 25.5 7,977 120 Minnesota _ 15 52 376 1,330 23,452 23,085 40,974 24.0 7,095 121 22 i 13 48 800 866 1,460 23.9 250 122 3 23 60 1,041 1,089 1,801 21.7 312 123 Chisholm _ 1 4 9 63 766 728 1,317 18.3 233 124 22 1 10 38 620 621 1,067 22.2 184 125 2 13 54 925 997 1,684 25.1 292 126 1 9 26 510 449 857 24.5 148 127 Other cities _ 14 40 299 1,041 18,790 18,335 32,788 24.5 5,676 128 Mississippi _ 3 50 78 637 12,520 12,547 21,452 30.0 3,867 129 Brookhaven 3 7 54 1,253 1,358 2,031 33.3 366 130 Columbia _ _ 3 8 40 826 865 1,407 29.3 252 131 Grenada - - 2 1 2 47 903 932 1,618 33.0 301 132 McComb 6 2 53 872 868 1,357 24.7 242 133 6 15 92 1,600 1,542 2,680 25.0 482 134 Tupelo 6 7 78 1,504 1,270 2^556 30.1 460 135 Other cities _ 1 25 37 273 5,562 5,712 9,803 31.6 1,764 136 Missouri _ 13 64 196 868 17,112 16,714 28,302 26.6 5,140 137 Charleston. - 22 2 3 8 34 649 705 1,247 29.7 225 138 Ferguson .. - 1 4 18 51 1,123 994 1,751 25.4 402 139 Lexington _ _ 1 8 28 478 476 863 24.0 156 140 Marshall _ _ 225 12 42 686 650 1,227 22.7 221 141 Mexico _ 4 5 7 53 905 915 1,626 27.1 293 142 Trenton _ 4 2 8 45 630 625 1,061 20.0 191 143 Other cities - 2 44 135 615 12,641 12,349 20,527 27.4 3,652 144 Montana _ 7 19 88 283 4,774 4,709 8,633 23.3 1,537 Bozeman: 145 Elementary District... 3 5 4 41 694 645 1,208 26.8 217 146 High-School District . 1 15 13 278 287 516 18.4 93 147 Havre _ 22 2 22 4 15 46 737 717 1,321 21.7 235 Kalispell: 148 Elementary District .. 22 2 6 47 789 715 1,392 26.3 245 149 High-School District - . 21 1 21 13 408 470 786 23.1 135 Miles City: 150 Elementary District 21 1 2 35 514 441 868 23.5 154 151 High-School District 1 10 14 211 279 458 19.1 8C 152 Other cities - 2 4 15 74 1,143 1,155 2,084 23.4 378 153 Nebraska _ 5 13 75 340 5,760 5,667 10,006 24.1 1,782 154 Columbus _ 1 9 40 660 665 1,175 24.0 212 155 Falls City 22 1 11 39 624 575 1,127 22.5 198 156 Fairhnry 22 1 45 620 615 1,103 24.5 198 157 Kearney _ _ 3 15 57 1,019 1,012 1,657 23.0 298 158 Nebraska City - 3 1 8 41 655 639 1,166 23.8 210 159 York 8 36 558 544 963 21.9 173 160 Other cities. - 2 6 24 82 1,624 1,617 2,815 26.6 493 161 Nevada _ _ . 3 9 45 144 3,563 3,336 5,392 28.5 960 162 Las Vegas (Union District) 3 6 32 107 2,603 2,463 4,105 29.5 731 163 Sparks. . _ _ — 3 13 37 960 873 1,287 25.7 229 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 9,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 67,673 2,605 65,068 64,223 3,532 7,220 "47666 3,220 32,752 6,532 1,500 10,283 9,417 5,020 24,797 10,279 ”7*217 7,301 14,123 8,123 'moo 14,190 14,190 302,172 11,818 16,250 7,000 4,266 4.500 18,723 239,615 209,289 3,304 14,496 15,110 4,381 10,040 3,506 158,452 114,745 7,000 7,050 2.500 14,975 15,778 15,700 51,742 188,456 9,840 12,850 3,600 13,855 13,800 7,769 126,742 61,970 3,500 15,215 6,087 21 3,490 21 3,000 2,678 11,200 46,133 3,904 3,900 4,745 8,865 3,863 5,856 15,000 36.100 26.100 10,000 5,389,785 183,922 225,185 116,606 149,647 170,925 203,67 4,339,823 4,557,579 130,318 196,594 208,284 84,475 189,650 72,594 3,675,664 1,072,172 93,000 73,046 65,530 88,587 175,781 147,000 429,228 2,169,904 65,099 204,800 72,525 93,095 120,699 79,067 1,534,619 980,174 108,495 88,872 151,847 137,737 100,000 93,859 61,322 238,042 969,583 118,004 120,025 115,247 160,710 107,076 107,957 240,564 589,107 464,033' 125,074 54,796 1,500 1,939 2,051 1,200 1,686 4,476 41,944 72,078 3,465 3,870 16,405 48,338 13,698 1,950 1,000 345 9,644 759 25,678 5,700 1,162 2,830 1,648 14,338 3,240 3,240 81,675 2,235 5,955 1,895 1,037 2,722 67,831 175,142 4,580 6,007 2,082 27,531 5,418 5,534 123,990 96,263 5,128 12,700 2,227 2,700 6.941 3,410 63,157 19,266 1,869 2,587 2,533 2,849 2,659 1,276 1,551 3.942 21,179 2,070 3,278 956 4,026 2,925 1,607 6,317 18,938 16,098 2,840 342,604 2,416 8,245 11,212 6,866 4,398 12,809 296,658 361,313 13,657 20,854 16,848 16,834 8.646 284,474 41,960 555 4,029 2,300 3,131 7,240 10,700 14,005 132,548 3,068 9,700 4,361 9,615 7,618 4,119 94,067 34 ,054 4.647 4,311 1,483 3,318 5,419 1,370 5,816 7,690 60,069 10,049 500 10,808 8,479 10,935 6,022 13.276 38,658 27,938 10,720 8,717,175 273,047 333,276 219,235 230,351 259,092 374,817 7,027,357 8,118,129 219,872 356.711 500,647 179,129 331,605 125,469 6,404,696 1,636,795 137,535 101,733 95,781 155,438 281,973 213,350 650,985 3,756,577 135,361 247,250 118,524 172,123 235,780 139,185 2,708,354 1,595,614 190,836 148,790 234,395 213,785 185,294 134,221 100,582 387.711 1,487,238 179,832 153,425 178,980 247,440 185,355 166,933 375,273 946,177 734,148 212,029 523,605 11,642 129,874 19,275 4,681 3,174 21,000 333,959 1 ,081 ,258 20,448 3,971 1,219 71 ,408 6,797 977,415 1,044,031 33,500 1,200 600,000 3,102 8,900 397,329 409,002 2,625 140.279 3,171 1,000 4,562 722 256,643 150,244 6,566 12,928 9,720 2,130 1,354 782 4,463 112,301 64,944 697 9,707 3,985 3,241 1,009 46,305 94,914 81,763 13,151 50 2,312 7,069 306 707 1,711 353 1,178 628 354 1,466 166 40 289 68 100 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 127 159 676 160 1, 9481161 1,5481162 400 ! 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel, attendance, andfi , Group IV.— Ci Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New Hampshire.-. 2 11 53 154 2,692 2,731 4,804 Derry - - 1 3 2 18 341 361 658 1 12 31 388 387 689 2 12 27 540 523 890 Lebanon _ _ 1 1 14 36 635 668 1,145 3 8 26 530 532 955 1 5 16 258 260 467 New Jersey _ 48 102 704 2,403 38,396 36,587 65,192 1 18 51 901 917 1,611 1 14 42 589 584 1,021 2 17 46 784 795 1,361 4 28 67 1,206 1,120 2,002 1 9 35 509 434 813 Secaucus . - - 3 1 5 29 488 471 808 Other cities _ 45 92 613 2,133 33,919 32,266 57,576 New Mexico _ _ 13 38 113 498 9,835 9,430 16,659 1 6 55 1,227 1,194 1,914 Portales _ _ 1 5 20 61 1,401 1,398 2,154 1 7 29 557 514 891 West Las Vegas.. . . 1 3 7 32 718 522 1,146 Other cities - 11 28 73 321 5,932 5,802 10,554 New York _ 26 125 622 2,354 36,417 34,921 61,383 Bronxville _ _ 224 19 54 582 629 1,068 Hudson Falls _ 22 1 222 11 42 690 663 1,176 Ilion - 22 1 3 9 48 671 719 1,217 Lancaster _ 1 22 4 18 49 778; 699 1,257 Rye - 3 3 18 54 698 650 1,162 Scotia _ 5 12 74 928 936 1,635 Other cities _ 20 104 535 2,033 32,070 30,625 53,868 North Carolina ... 5 69 132 1,072 20,335 20,272 35,830 Asheboro _ _ 5 4 70 1,379 1,389 2,435 Mooresville. _ 4 7 53 997 1,018 1,786 Roanoke Rapids.. . . . 3 2 11 75 1,358 1,312 2,399 Washington _ 4 4 « 96 1,646 1,618 2,768 Other cities - 2 54 106 778 14,955 14,935 26,442 North Dakota.... 2 13 49 207 3,434 3,521 6,254 Devils Lake _ 3 9 31 572 574 1,031 Dickinson _ 2 1 7 23 378 381 672 Manden _ 3 7 28 427 445 812 Williston . _ 7 46 710 761 1,368 Other cities _ 6 19 79 1,347 1,360 2,371 Ohio _ 25 129 759 2,116 39,352 38,416 69,929 Athens _ _ 2 16 33 641 593 1,148 Barnesville. _ 2 12 24 497 447 873 Dover. .. . - - 3 5 27 42 916 807 1,604 Gallipolis . _ 1 2 15 35 820 756 1,436 Girard. - 223 22 1 16 53 827 817 1,517 Jackson 1 14 35 821 779 1,368 Troy - 22 1 3 23 45 892 872 1,711 Other cities _ _ _ 17 113 636 1,849 33,938 33,345 60,272 Oklahoma _ 5 109 225 985 17,882 17,647 30,907 Altus _ _ 7 10 57 1,185 1,169 1,784 Alva _ _ _ 3 3 12 3 38 588 520 1,013 Duncan _ _ _ 5 10 78 1,271 1,283 2,410 Pauls Valley _ 223 9 48 834 849 1,325 Other cities _ 5 91 184 764 14,004 13,826 24,375 Oregon _ _ 11 36 153 393 7,833 7,625 13,105 Corvallis _ 1 5 21 57 957 1,013 1,716 Grants Pass.. - 3 5 24 60 8 1,566 8 1,568 2,436 Pendleton _ 3 5 18 54 912 870 1,529 The Dalles _ 1 4 17 40 683 575 1,114 Other cities 3 17 73 182 3,715 3,599 6,310 footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 9,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 4,825 30,293 417,817 3,494 9,214 16,915 2,275 7,000 39,828 1,501 3^800 65,750 863 5,893 95,131 1,237 1,677 5,863 2,550 4,200 113,491 1,347 2,550 5,602 5,900 56,275 1,307 3,852 31500 47,342 910 1,316 1,598 184,189 398,561 8,393,326 204,997 206,997 521 ,069 3,950 180,454 4,719 3,916 21,128 4,300 157,721 2,773 3,662 10,643 8,350 190,956 4,932 4,990 19,889 16,110 298,941 11,517 8,788 25,720 4,120 127,730 5,190 2,953 11,979 8,379 4,700 90,390 1,391 7,829 175,810 357,031 7,347,134 175,866 181,297 423,881 45,306 143,921 1,695,284 15,956 17,285 39,381 3,060 183,296 2,903 3,670 4,666 18,757 224,355 2,815 5,850 2i3,500 93,149 1,830 3,300 10,700 90,222 1,000 2,285 830 38,006 107,904 1,104,262 9,238 15,000 27,201 120,404 541,717 9,128,288 194,386 109,136 619,899 23,373 333,951 9,996 2,446 25,076 4,100 7,357 149,249 4,061 1,748 8,988 3,395 11,775 150,700 1,850 873 9,105 3,200 18,400 195,735 3,461 10,019 15,639 17,600 257,540 8,807 3,481 27,341 20,400 239,424 5,994 2,784 9,477 94,070 442,812 7,801,689 160,217 97,804 529,893 15,025 219,495 2,555,277 19,911 25,704 54,150 13,080 154,986 3,342 13,843 130,012 781 3,000 2,498 8,000 8,000 192,317 3,000 1,200 14,840 199,542 3,477 7,025 169,732 1,878,420 16,130 22,704 43,633 5,400 44,902 614,332 960 853 47,856 10,500 119,860 15 8,637 5,400 3,600 60,784 960 23 11,000 23 65,000 2,242 130,503 344 2,667 19,802 238,185 494 34,310 76,794 434,676 7,601,712 89,949 152,414 352,313 7,367 121,149 2,452 1,824 5,526 7,500 99,671 2,150 3,797 9,877 15,184 180,883 4,491 9,076 3,000 7,150 123,087 1,100 2,110 4,672 11,800 4,200 188,202 3,500 3,558 4,296 3,702 131,178 2,085 1,991 5,662 4,683 12,740 175,200 1,894 3,888 11,172 47,434 376,833 6,582,342 78,918 132,402 308,112 15,500 327,905 2,660,806 3,220 75,436 18,212 129,916 6,500 9,000 95,344 1,844 15,000 216,357 3,960 9,400 100,825 8,800 15,500 276,293 2,118,364 3,220 54,332 45,857 134,863 1,520,485 25,082 36,582 121,735 3,800 1C ,325 205,043 835 3,185 14,147 11,652 17,580 235,966 9,290 11,879 17,855 12,786 19,300 194,824 2,803 3,963 19,135 5,662 17,271 134,272 1,158 2,238 10,278 11,957 65,387 750,380 10,996 15,317 60,320 Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools 762,704 108,995 112,220 161 ,763 199,203 94,834 85,689 14,390,699 296,061 251,231 300,413 495,988 245,394 208,460 12,593,152 2,478,812 223,324 359,124 127,643 139,186 1,629,535 15,701,763 556,669 252,108 256,081 317,871 494,986 401,183 13,422,865 3,710,126 202,082 189,074 290,683 253,490 2,774,797 919,482 175,306 112,880 107,951 165,912 357,433 12,627,819 203,580 165,489 337,685 212,673 295,621 188,555 283,568 10,940,648 3,881,318 188,389 136,977 274,057 163,735 3,118,160 2,719,562 389,167 455,294 353,675 237,772 1,283,654 Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 23,832 679 9,529 2,779 7,184 261 3,400 1,548,541 4,200 7,203 2,512 6,773 1,527,853 1,014,979 8,405 64.782 710 53,200 887,882 1,203,562 8,143 5,919 9,726 9,972 2,809 8,896 1,158,097 607,144 56,992 21 ,500 35,985 27,880 464,787 24.782 10,327 2,397 12,058 1,462,230 2,173 5,929 47,146 238 13,303 3,534 1,389,907 797,066 22,966 32,032 150,000 592,068 290,804 1,465 36,076 16,317 7,252 229,694 19 13,962 214 120 198 1,326 122 188 11,794 1,071 179 _ 180 272 181 46 182 13 183 740 184 15,168 185 683 186 26 187 58 188 71 189 676 190 184 13,470 191 2,203 193 100 194 53 195 196 197 173 80 1,797 957|199 88 ; 200 311 201 _ |202 36 203 522 204 13,490 205 138 206 60 207 144 208 283 209 166 210 99 975 11,625 2,393 85 115 156 200 1,837 1,221 277 242 72 223 1 63 | 224 ■167 725 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946~48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group IV. — Cities of 5,000 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools CO O '> m .& *3 _c & Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pennsylvania _ . __ 53 138 1,289 3,299 58,347 57,956 102,971 22.4 18,766 Blairsville.. _ — 1 1 13 27 452 500 889 22.2 160 Glassport _ 3 1 10 29 588 563 1,079 27.7 194 1 15 33 636 620 1,202 25.0 208 2 10 40 557 607 1,026 20.5 187 1 13 39 588 549 1,043 20.1 187 1 19 38 704 732 1,360 23 9 245 Other cities _ 49 131 1,209 3,093 54,822 54,385 96,372 22.4 17,585 Rhode Island _ 2 8 20 116 1,760 1,687 2,962 21.8 533 3 9 40 583 564 1,014 20.7 183 Burrillville (P 0. Pascoag) 1 1 3 39 594 601 1,084 25.8 194 Warren... _ _ 1 4 8 37 583 522 864 19.2 156 19 150 977 17,291 17,911 30,245 26.8 5,438 4 10 71 1,262 1,246 2,152 26.6 385 1 14 76 1,356 1,416 2,460 27.3 442 3 9 54 1,016 1,046 1,843 29.3 332 21 1 12 49 1,030 1,032 1,741 28.5 313 21 1 12 68 1,070 1,160 1,886 23.6 338 Union _ 21 1 13 81 1,593 1,555 2,773 29.5 498 Other cities _ 8 80 578 9,964 10,456 17,390 26.4 3,130 South Dakota _ 3 9 49 148 2,368 2,384 4,099 20.8 729 Brookings _ _ 2 2 11 38 584 607 1,102 22.5 195 Lead _ _ 5 13 40 606 666 1,015 19.2 179 Madison _ 1 8 30 469 443 767 20.2 138 Yankton _ 1 1 17 40 709 668 1,215 21.3 217 Tennessee _ 12 71 541 9,411 9,314 16,631 27.2 2,938 Alcoa . _ _ 2 7 44 799 802 1,418 27.8 252 Athens _ _ 2 4 45 747 711 1,285 26.2 231 Morristown _ _ 21 i 14 63 1.226 1,285 2,160 28.1 382 Paris _ _ 3 1 43 668 651 1,148 26.1 202 Shelbyville.. _ 3 2 38 765 761 1,268 31.7 228 Union City _ 21 1 7 42 570 565 1,022 20.9 182 Other cities _ 36 266 4,636 4,539 8,330 27.6 1,461 Texas _ 22 216 586 3,227 58,836 57,325 97,046 25.5 16,917 Alice _ 5 17 85 1,702 1,521 2,661 26.1 472 Beeville.. _ 4 9 48 999 1,001 1,459 25.6 257 Colorado City. _ 3 7 36 640 623 1,072 24.9 188 Rusk -. _ _ _ 3 7 26 499 531 874 26.5 155 San Marcos _ 4 14 59 1,092 1,107 1,536 21.0 269 Seguin ... _ 4 16 52 1,011 935 1,522 22.4 268 Vernon. _ 6 12 68 1,172 1,121 2,054 25.7 357 Other cities _ 22 187 504 2,853 51,721 50,486 85,868 25.6 14,951 Utah _ _ 1 5 19 45 1,064 1,027 1,778 27.8 317 Murray . . 1 5 19 45 1,064 1,027 1,778 27.8 317 Vermont _ 19 11 74 212 3,996 3,786 7,035 24.6 1,287 Bellows Falls.. _ 5 5 8 28 517 474 843 23.4 151 Bennington _ 5 2 12 33 610 620 1,053 23.4 185 Springfield - - 4 1 22 68 971 857 1,630 18.1 285 Other cities _ 5 3 32 83 1,898 1,835 3,509 30.5 666 Virginia . . 8 26 67 412 6,243 6,123 10,788 22.5 1,944 Bristol _ _ 1 7 14 92 1,460 1,551 2,607 24.6 469 Clifton Forge .. _ 1 3 7 39 562 536 982 21.3 177 Hampton _ 2 10 38 607 570 1,041 21.7 187 Harrisonburg.. _ 4 8 57 810 746 1,380 21.2 249 Hopewell _ 4 3 17 75 1,055 1,027 1,796 19.5 325 Radford - „ - 1 4 5 55 822 815 1,437 24.0 259 South Norfolk _ 1 3 6 56 927 878 1,545 24.9 278 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 9,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 183,007 474,439 11,182,347 144,757 379,525 631,825 18,536,723 1,360,684 10,068 226 4,731 3,450 86,374 2,500 2,794 9,622 160,056 3,073 183 227 14,375 4,612 92,104 1,948 7,233 1,637 171,943 2,908 313 228 2,000 109,000 4,200 178,000 5,000 229 7,550 126,747 2,450 2,068 13,660 235,706 5,810 145 230 3,082 117,306 1,440 3,117 6,154 195,607 22,689 305 231 4,200 154,998 2,007 2,260 8,288 236,054 2,177 220 232 163,901 449,545 10,495,818 134,412 362,053 588,264 17,359,357 1,319,027 8,902 233 10,484 31,303 379,835 3,219 8,004 12,511 588,725 5,660 185 234 11,903 141,239 2,086 4,349 5,876 218,786 4,374 145 235 5,584 4,700 125,787 200 1,908 2,707 189,215 236 4,900 14,700 112,809 933 1,747 3,928 180,724 1,286 40 237 60,530 2,284,921 3,515 52,142 3,072,624 311,145 2,035 238 12 584 155^209 1,608 211,341 6,664 70 239 4,500 199,083 1,940 2,989 295,839 28,234 152 240 7,781 101 ,116 2,130 153,881 56 241 21 3,339 112,000 170 152,349 136 242 21 3,392 156,000 3,598 210,955 5,538 269 243 21 3,340 210,500 3,714 262,170 3,662 165 244 25,594 1,351,013 1,575 37,933 1,786,089 267,047 1,187 245 10,059 27,077 470,692 6,933 7,236 33,074 766,097 47,628 204 246 5,542 6,867 110,627 2,809 1,921 8,210 180,677 19,153 73 247 13,960 128,659 2,050 2,736 9,584 221,845 4,085 100 248 3,400 86,182 574 1,514 7,083 139,478 21,614 31 249 4,517 2,850 145,224 1,500 1,065 8,197 224,097 2,776 250 31,963 1,087,780 2,806 11,869 42,789 1,564,085 49,532 105 251 5,904 104,457 400 7,513 149,546 11 ,751 252 5,167 83,123 8,131 805 131,859 3,407 253 21 2,944 117,000 1,800 700 155,758 105 254 6,974 76,029 588 3,398 122,5331 . 255 8,112 66,962 2,750 500 106,754 2,500 256 22 2,862 89,000 3,996 121,786 1 .421 257 551,209 1,006 25,877 775,849 30,453 258 73,233 726,745 9,586,384 83,355 32,121 319,610 14,028,891 3,700,792 25,549 259 18,578 253,655 5,136 89 6,555 361,739 325,217 811 260 9,808 139,157 8,609 213,014 131,168 697 261 9,757 108,116 607 3,593 171,317 14,576 195 262 8,962 83,496 1,277 112,812 5,748 182 263 11,850 162,797 5,960 4,851 211,194 33,675 168 264 12,700 152,979 2,718 192,414 126,703 336 265 21,300 199,135 490 4,101 257,777 10,743 623 266 73,233 633,790 8,487,049 71,162 32,032 287,906 12,508,624 3,052,962 22,537 267 3,760 19,933 152,409 1,613 4,014 6,209 298,831 22,982 113 268 3,760 19,933 152,409 1,613 4,014 6,209 298,831 22,982 113 269 57,651 37,516 698,109 9,406 11,125 34,643 1,134,268 27,307 691 270 12,704 12,789 83,410 1,340 2,543 6,825 173,257 4,884 51 271 15,502 9,000 94,660 1,164 2,796 7,072 174,571 7,237 56 272 12,165 4,483 170,746 4,083 2,452 10,863 306,421 7,002 168 273 17,280 11,244 349,293 2,819 3,334 10,383 480,019 8,184 416 274 22,678 78,802 994,575 10,873 3,221 37,537 1,523,102 31,782 706 275 23 2,400 23 17,500 23 219, 387 23 1,000 11,177 317,586 3,000 441 276 2,550 10,753 94,869 1,754 106 1,791 135,224 2,848 277 5,255 99,423 1,632 641 8,749 147,940 1,864 172 278 12,995 129,708 650 3,816 193,166 4,435 45 279 12,328 9,296 188,069 4,415 1,374 5,955 318,701 124 280 2,500 11,723 126,476 1,422 791 204,440 7,966 48 281 2,900 11,280 136,643 1,100 5,258 206,045 11,545 282 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group IV. — Cities of 5,000 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 283 Washington _ 4 25 121 381 7,989 7,643 12,702 25.3 2,287 284 Anacortes 3 15 36 774 725 1,265 24.8 228 285 Centralia _ 5 28 66 1,491 1,315 2,292 24.4 413 286 Kelso _ 3 5 27 81 1,604 1,555 2,608 24.1 470 287 Port Angeles _ 1 5 23 58 1,436 1,516 2,255 27.8 387 288 Other cities _ 7 28 140 2,684 2,532 4,282 25.5 789 289 Wisconsin . . 6 27 239 712 12,268 12,427 22,331 23.5 3,997 290 Antigo _ 2 2 18 49 896 1,025 1,684 25.1 298 291 Kaukauna _ 1 12 28 494 431 900 22.5 158 292 Sparta 1 10 33 617 622 1,053 24.5 274 293 Sturgeon Bay _ _ 22 1 15 31 577 629 1,062 23.1 189 294 Whitefish Bay _ 1 4 32 72 1,183 1,136 2,082 19.8 381 295 Other cities _ 3 18 152 499 8,501 8,584 15,550 23.9 2,697 296 Wyoming _ 4 22 114 2,258 2,214 3,781 27.8 666 297 Rawlins _ 21 i 10 46 1,025 977 1,701 30.4 298 298 Rock Springs. _ 3 12 68 1,233 1,237 2,080 26.0 368 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 public -school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 9,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19,554 103,391 1,561,371 29,278 29,985 73,010 2,572,905 389,038 1,303 283 11,600 153,000 3,850 3,567 1,900 246,442 20,000 133 284 18,885 303,266 7,175 4,955 23,720 515,232 25,014 201 285 13,307 20,960 322,493 7,228 5,542 12,425 501,449 99,515 147 286 6,247 18,842 257,020 3,490 6,920 5,807 423,792 204,500 319 287 33,104 525,592 7,535 9,001 29,158 885,990 40,009 503 288 18,273 111,116 2,470,362 45,649 35,857 213,488 4,015,583 158,255 1,757 289 4,954 6,900 164,955 4,221 2,798 16,410 277,286 327 290 4,100 105,820 1,685 1,789 6,839 184,743 1,170 37 291 3,500 96,609 1,816 8,437 159,779 12,317 292 3,545 114,916 1,225 1,555 4,397 175,752 4,424 293 3,748 21,577 391,171 16,455 2,105 32,377 657,036 36,215 1,413 294 9,571 71 ,494 1,596,891 22,063 25,794 145,028 2,560,987 103,802 307 295 12,843 368,710 9,123 18,077 549,294 16,662 725 296 *» 3,500 146,825 4,659 6,231 220,842 685 297 9,343 221,885 4,464 11,846 328,452 16,662 40|298 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group V. — Cities of 2,500 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors i Principals 1 Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States.. 237 2,007 9,354 32,450 592,273 581,225 1,018,900 24.4 182,104 18 57 456 8,043 8,182 14,427 28.1 2,551 1 13 208 232 401 30.8 70 2 27 460 515 825 30.6 145 3 6 34 520 588 1,040 26.0 198 21 1 4 29 594 653 1,044 31.6 184 11 47 353 6,261 6,194 11,117 27.8 1,954 Arizona _ 4 10 89 218 4,983 4,687 8,192 26.7 1,421 22 1 11 23 519 445 830 24.4 147 Temper Elementary District... 1 1 10 27 553 469 803 21.7 128 1 12 6 203 244 365 20.3 63 Williams. . . . . . 1 2 7 18 300 288 494 19.8 85 2 10 46 1,022 965 1,778 31.8 319 Other cities _ 2 3 39 98 2,386 2,276 3,922 28.6 679 Arkansas _ _ 9 80 179 1,082 24,158 23,535 38,693 30.7 6,466 De Queen . - - 3 5 3 25 634 618 1,010 36.1 178 Mena 2 5 28 510 625 1,027 31.1 183 Monticello _ 3 4 38 770 849 1,253 29.8 206 Nashville _ _ _ 1 8 27 664 630 1,074 30.7 185 Trumann _ _ 3 9 39 1,149 1,084 1,626 33.9 293 Other cities - 6 66 150 925 20,431 19,729 32,703 30.4 5,421 California _ 24 117 813 2,152 41,927 39,887 71,626 24.2 12,530 Carmel _ _ 2 11 23 383 411 633 18.6 110 Gilroy _ _ 1 2 14 48 807 788 1,308 21.1 224 Lindsay 4 14 42 800 793 1,290 23.0 223 Nppd^s _ 2 13 41 699 666 1,165 21.6 204 Paso Robles _ 2 11 36 855 829 1,327 28.2 229 Other cities _ 23 105 750 1,962 38,383 36,400 65,903 24.3 11,540 Colorado _ 37 143 430 7,731 7,494 13,898 24.3 2,466 Brighton _ 3 11 35 874 585 1,172 25.5 211 Florence _ 4 8 20 359 349 637 22.8 115 Lamar _ 5 13 33 669 623 1,129 24.5 198 T /pfldvillp 2 8 19 368 347 632 23.4 114 Salida _ 1 15 24 456 492 834 21.4 150 Other cities 22 88 299 5,005 5,098 9,494 24.5 1,678 Delaware . .... 2 33 138 2,217 2,249 4,035 23.6 729 Milford _ 8 39 603 620 1,067 22.7 192 Newark _ _ 21 i 12 44 728 730 1,355 29.5 245 Other cities _ 1 13 55 886 899 1,613 23.7 512 Georgia 12 61 256 4,980 5,018 8,468 26.7 1,516 Barnesville _ 1 15 29 620 601 1,033 23.5 181 Calhoun _ - - _ 21 1 4 22 395 358 645 24.8 113 Hogansville _ 21 1 9 28 650 690 1,096 29.6 192 Trion 2 1 30 507 477 864 27.9 151 West Point _ _ 2 2 21 407 430 2* 750 32.6 136 Other cities _ - _ 5 30 126 2,401 2,462 4,080 26.2 743 Idaho.. . . 2 43 187 557 11,453 11,202 19,911 26.8 3,446 Plar-kfoot, _ _ 4 12 42 808 827 1,428 26.4 253 Emmett _ 2 9 34 722 766 1,259 29.3 214 Jerome 3 17 42 1,023 1,022 1,614 27.4 279 St Anthony _ . 2 22 61 1,073 1,023 1,885 22.7 324 Other cities. - - 2 32 127 378 7,827 7,564 13,725 27.2 2,376 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 4,999 Population Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 802,214 6,776,069 101,789,096 1.000,718 1,506,233 6,129,288 168,079,787 24,025,020 124,562 1 52,863 999,348 1,800 1,989 27,161 1,308,762 47,281 11 2 21 3,00C 20,097 221 39,933 8,151 3 23 6,000 23 44,480 793 300 63,698 228 4 4 6,600 86,000 1,800 1,000 1,000 96,400 5 21 3,000 60,544 1,689 80,182 3,117 6 34,263 788,227 196 23,951 1,028,549 35,785 7 7 17,889 48,724 986,079 14,947 10,925 53,671 1,478,873 151,443 701 8 4,205 96,253 3,016 5,460 130,118 1,675 9 4,180 4,300 92,480 3,600 3,243 151,873 11,700 82 10 5,000 63,070 2,000 7,935 94,815 10,197 13 11 4,469 10,160 77,255 4,175 2,310 142,037 10,332 13 12 9,300 204,994 1,575 5,956 281,499 17,788 391 13 9,240 15,759 452,027 4,756 6,750 28,767 678,531 99,751 202 14 20,664 180,102 2,121,260 16,701 4,382 30,571 3,123,418 1,120,813 3,455 15 6,836 12,000 50,310 600 1,391 2,075 96,948 40 16 3,500 56,045 300 908 84,438 43,800 100 17 6,750 65,340 1,700 90,286 40,640 62 18 2,062 60,160 207 84,942 21,620 211 19 5,300 79,410 600 2,400 109,590 272,500 91 20 13,828 150,490 1,809,995 15,201 2,991 23,281 2,657,214 742,253 2,951 21 100,421 544,096 9,460,236 117,199 126,185 1,170,873 16,660,910 5,115,188 14,975 22 12,100 121,267 3,821 2,029 17,457 217,707 171,824 660 23 3,861 8,700 170,598 7,818 2,006 22,511 288,164 17,511 345 24 19,854 200,177 4,350 800 11,950 329,553 7,900 25 10,000 168,936 27,238 306,058 10,145 26 8,820 156,107 2,325 3,414 6,713 245,478 10,437 441 27 96,560 484,622 8,643,151 98,885 117,936 1,085,004 15,273,950 4,897,371 13,529 28 110,470 1,262,839 7,885 20,403 72,530 2,153,832 108,311 1,748 29 8,725 98,953 3,559 1,058 181,531 53 30 10,000 50,468 854 170 99,681 125 31 13,346 99,851 5,782 170,613 11,336 332 32 5,558 63,621 409 3,437 101,324 4,374 33 3,000 97,000 900 2,031 126,666 2,461 31 34 69,841 852,946 6,985 15,581 60,052 1,474,017 90,140 1,207 35 4,998 377,779 11,267 12,408 571,368 72,481 790 36 105,000 3,000 3,000 142,430 800 114 37 21 3,000 121,758 3,763 4,448 200,528 42,706 360 38 1 ,998 151,021 4,504 4,960 228,410 28,975 316 39 42,984 659,706 6,914 6,044 9,299 958,427 8,715 214 40 3,000 98,764 2,700 850 128,242 41 2i 3, 000 50,382 2,717 66,765 s CM CO 42 21 3,000 62,740 2,540 96,301 43 8,880 80 ! 331 1,465 858 145,564 2,000 44 5,404 50,833 627 69,661 45 19,700 316,656 2,749 6,044 1,707 451,894 3,465 214 46 7,000 137,364 1,566,154 5,538 38,465 171,675 2,812,620 164,815 728 47 12,811 110,841 4,234 6,996 134,882 4,558 67 48 5,073 74,220 1,740 1,071 141,711 49 14,156 119,098 1 ,906 5,889 203,421 10,486 53 50 6,975 170,689 4,145 9,576 290,439 35,430 58 51 7,000 98,349 1,091,306 5,538 26,440 148,143 2 ,042,167 114,341 550 52 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group V. — Cities of 2,500 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre gate- days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Illinois _ 9 134 620 1,912 33,221 32,680 57,853 22.8 10,788 Barrington: 21 1 3 19 348 316 592 26.9 110 High-School District 21 1 8 9 154 153 272 16.0 51 No. 224. 1 4 17 392 310 620 29.5 116 4 1 27 434 402 788 28.1 158 2 7 20 290 320 531 19.7 98 1 7 22 302 291 532 18.3 99 2 6 17 278 256 509 22.1 96 Other cities - 9 122 584 1,781 31,023 30,632 54,009 22.8 10,060 Indiana . - 12 48 257 561 12,744 12,618 22,061 27.0 3,895 2 8 26 555 558 965 28.4 171 2 5 19 24 407 24 407 708 29.5 127 East Gary _ -- -- 1 3 5 24 482 509 861 29.7 150 223 7 19 474 450 828 31.8 146 Union City _ 1 6 17 323 325 581 25.3 102 Other cities - -- 11 37 226 456 10,503 10,369 18,118 26.6 3,199 Iowa _ _ _ 7 54 368 1,160 18,436 18,232 32,492 21.3 5,754 i Anamosa _ - 1 6 23 308 324 530 18.3 95 Belle Plaine _ _ _ 22 1 6 23 335 301 567 19.6 101 ! Eagle Grove _ _ _ 5 11 28 523 492 865 22.2 153 Pella _ 22 2 8 20 306 324 565 20.2 102 : Sac City - 22 1 1 10 23 385 367 638 19.3 112 i Tipton _ _ _ 2 7 27 436 452 767 22.6 138 i Vinton _ _ 223 9 37 687 627 1,131 24.6 199 ’ Other cities. - 6 39 311 979 15,456 15,345 27,429 21.3 4,854 [ Kansas - - 4 86 280 831 14,575 14,247 25,357 22.8 4,482 l Belleville _ 21 2 8 17 308 281 557 22.3 95 l Cherryvale _ - 2 8 20 369 341 613 21.9 111 Galena _ 4 3 28 532 480 915 29.5 159 | Herington _ 1 7 20 334 350 588 21.8 105 ! Kingman _ _ _ _ 21 1 10 20 385 368 711 23.7 122 [ Russell _ 2 10 38 648 651 1,214 25.3 219 > Other cities - - - 4 74 234 688 11,999 11,776 20,759 22.5 3,671 i Kentucky _ _ 50 129 627 10,747 10,863 18,766 24.8 3,379 7 Dawson Springs _ 21 1 3 12 288 269 495 33.0 87 1 Fulton _ _ 2 2 24 341 349 643 24.7 112 ) Georgetown __ _ 2 8 23 377 389 692 22.3 122 ) Harrodsburg. -- _ _ 2 4 30 466 493 802 23.6 142 l Mount Sterling _ - 1 6 31 501 545 855 23.1 161 l Murray _ _ _ 3 32 450 450 822 21.1 144 5 Russellville _ 2 2 26 406 430 762 27.2 133 1 Other cities _ _ 37 97 449 7,918 7,938 13,695 25.1 2,478 5 Maine _ _ 6 25 89 1,508 1,526 2,657 23.3 478 3 Eastport _ _ 1 2 23 338 309 491 19.6 88 1 Ellsworth _ - - - -- 1 9 24 395 453 772 23.4 139 3 Hallowell (P.0. Winthrop). 2 4 16 320 300 557 27.9 100 3 Madison __ _ _ 2 10 26 455 464 837 22.6 151 3 Massachusetts - 3 10 68 177 3,051 2,985 5,359 21.9 946 1 Blackstone _ 1 7 14 201 229 393 18.7 71 2 Hopedale _ 21 1 6 19 246 233 444 17.8 80 3 Lee _ -- - | 21 1 10 15 1 344 342 535 21.4 97 4 Nantucket _ _ _ | 3 5 17 323 262 515 23.5 91 5 Rockport _ - _ | 21 1 7 17 297 313 547 22.8 93 6 Other cities - 1 3 3 33 95 1 1,640 1,606 2,924 22.8 514 85 87 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 4,999 Population — Continued FOR FULL-Tl me Day Sci Textbooks free to all pupils IOOLS Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Clerks 14 15 16 17 18 19 46,777 73,141 336,403 10,868,994 2,068,836 13,191 53 300 2,471 113,050 5,382 29 54 232 3,927 72,568 68,722 90 55 1,808 100 1,300 71,064 56 1,929 118,031 1,254 76 57 1,900 1,750 750 104,322 30 58 1,012 1,802 132,630 9,317 30 59 1,177 1,552 76,412 6,485 39 60 43,069 68,570 322,672 10,180,917 1,977,676 12,897 61 12,962 8,121 76,779 3,564,428 78,938 360 62 1,498 1,397 4,310 162,553 27 63 1,864 95,856 764 37 64 641 116,826 1,286 18 65 1,798 1,634 110,022 66 2,015 93,480 3,700 67 11,464 4,926 66,315 2,985,691 73,188 278 68 28,624 14,771 231,633 5,728,558 613,517 2,912 69 875 350 3,210 95,654 7,183 53 70 1,792 1,070 2,298 94,444 1,703 24 71 1,277 3,638 149,549 5,722 140 72 646 1,639 93,426 7,234 73 3,121 600 129,937 12,939 40 74 4,953 158,636 5,127 425 75 4,818 160,589 38,765 345 76 21,559 12,705 210,477 4,846,323 534,844 1,885 77 16,763 5,549 172,789 3,673,941 241 ,504 872 78 5,799 2,374 80,218 7,712 150 79 1,075 2,708 84,456 3,545 20 80 1,680 80,658 19 81 3,876 93,400 4,600 2 82 1,346 3,136 105,794 6,918 83 15,800 198,550 21,500 84 8,543 5,549 143,215 3,030,865 197,229 681 85 1,669 39,037 2,049,424 119,792 670 86 518 36,103 801 12 87 72,039 1,662 56 88 1,500 81,317 1,931 45 89 1,365 80,035 3,274 28 90 5,377 100,099 4,530 91 1,000 79,000 2,500 18 92 545 73,164 1 ,300 23 93 1,669 28,732 1,527,667 103,794 488 94 8,852 11,435 355,959 19,150 95 1,773 130 85,861 96 3,485 2,753 96,977 97 1,022 1,562 49,669 17,750 98 2,572 6,990 123,452 1,400 99 6,570 17,879 35,960 1,044,783 21,559 139 100 1,837 1,152 71,700 101 684 2,256 90,298 10,187 102 1,988 3,693 104,037 1,765 103 1,670 1,769 72 109,385 104 933 3,044 87,365 1,706 10 105 4,900 10,668 25,743 581,998 7,901 129 106 Salaries and wages Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff 33,140 33,140 45,569 3,500 42,069 23,597 2,562 21,035 12,930 12,930 8,792 8,792 469,295 21 3 ,500 21 3,500 5,125 2M2,000 4.500 3.500 6,000 431,170 192,633 8,800 8,140 10,500 10,205 4.100 150,888 172,400 3,600 3,313 15,089 8,232 3,383 22 8,416 10,000 120,367 235,605 215,725 5,400 8,107 3.100 213,500 7,750 202,023 116,250 213,927 23 5,000 4,772 4,016 2,105 23 6,000 4,944 85,486 19,650 3,656 3,500 6,280 6,214 35,113 3,500 213,500 213,500 2110,500 213,500 10,613 6,285,701 63,415 51,293 46,561 58,625 63,194 82,397 42,000 5,878,216 2,373,026 107,488 66,610 73,704 75,689 61,977 1,987,558 3,438,502 63,560 63,086 96,742 50,245 82,053 23 89,774 94,438 2,898,604 2,287,059 44,381 52,567 47,664 57,908 74,198 134,830 1,875,511 1,297,269 25,148 23 43,498 52,073 56,645 64,182 23 54,000 45,527 956,196 204,836 52,110 53,088 27,189 72,449 627,770 39,985 55,963 66,409 66,580 50,531 348,302 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 121) 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2, , — Personnel , attendance , andfi Group V Ci Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Sci City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michigan _ ... 5 59 442 1,292 25,674 24,925 46,049 21 i 17 30 617 564 1,101 1 9 19 326 329 608 21 1 9 17 343 310 607 1 9 39 802 710 1,366 1 11 27 555 567 973 2 8 30 504 485 874 1 8 31 652 616 1,156 Other cities - 5 51 371 1,099 21,875 21,344 39,364 Minnesota _ 11 42 292 973 16,307 16,482 28,827 1 12 24 479 488 897 2 8 33 439 467 828 2 8 20 260 277 523 1 7 25 392 373 687 1 13 35 640 597 1,070 2 6 13 271 265 424 Sleepy Fye . _ _ _ 1 5 13 170 191 325 Other cities. . . . 11 32 233 810 13,656 13,824 24,073 Mississippi. _ 39 91 601 12,034 12,860 21,820 Aberdeen _ 4 8 62 1,213 1,264 2,047 Holly Springs _ _ _ 22 1 4 28 497 556 901 Moss Point _ _ _ 4 7, 42 819 847, 1,466 Oxford _ 2 6 26 605 645 1,148 Starkville _ 21 1 3 26 540 503 917 Other cities _ _ _ _ 27 63 417 8,360 9,045 15,341 Missouri _ 10 74 248 868 17,294 17,270 29,942 Aurora _ _ _ 1 2 8 23 492 501 895 Berkeley _ 3 4 16 285 238 453 Crystal City _ 223 9 23 414 405 737 F estus _ - 3 8 26 507 522 937 Lamar _ 1 6 19 303 378 609 Liberty _ 2 8 28 527 491 913 West Plains _ _ 22 1 15 29 716 783 1,247 Other cities _ 9 59 190 704 14,050 13,952 24,151 Montana _ 1 7 72 267 4,222 4,280 7,569 Cut Bank _ 2 10 29 520 521 831 Deer Lodge: Elementary District 21 1 2 17 289 261 479 Laurel _ - 1 8 26 495 495 871 Roundup _ 1 3 19 227 232 421 Whitefish _ _ 21 1 7 26 518 481 878 Other cities _ 1 1 42 150 2,173 2,290 4,089 Nebraska .. _ 5 27 111 425 7,399 7,295 13,151 Broken Bow _ _ 22 1 6 26 389 422 720 Holdrege _ 3 7 23 421 398 776 Schuyler _ _ 22 2 223 26 297 318 592 Seward _ _ 222 7 15 305 282 530 Sidney _ _ 4 9 26 439 468 827 West Point _ 1 4 16 156 185 314 Other cities _ 3 13 78 293 5,392 5,222 9,392 Nevada _ _ 6 24 39 808 802 1,393 Elko (County High-School 2 12 10 168 190 339 Dist.) Ely: Elementary District 3 1 19 364 339 557 High-School District.. 1 11 10 276 273 497 footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1947—48 — Continued to 4,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13,825 217,627 4,617,118 50,147 56,774 331,537 7,662,495 446,598 2,013 2i 3,500 120,881 1,616 3,045 3,570 179,521 6,912 23 3,500 23 68,505 2,336 94 2,249 113,280 268 213,500 58,394 1,277 1,395 8,247 122,137 1,037 4,000 149,308 2,168 660 6,171 230,561 11,474 103 3,800 94,619 1,676 4,572 173,756 644 7,375 99,312 2,765 547 6,154 160,698 6,658 20 4,000 92,541 9,443 152,450 3,559 13,825 187; 952 3,933,558 39,985 49,357 291,131 6,530,092 416,046 1,890 34,927 165,648 3,134,208 20,464 89,405 283,450 5,598,124 360,965 4,535 4,200 105,076 1,924 3,786 171,815 45,570 6,600 92,766 300 3,326 14,064 183,036 6,955 329 7,822 68,779 3,080 2,177 15,139 210,565 11,730 230 3,625 83,824 953 7,900 128,283 3,829 100 5,129 119,315 13,634 184,982 13,022 325 5; 739 42,823 930 69 72,038 2,513 2,595 45,445 1,680 1,028 3,855 78,961 832 285 34,927 129,938 2,576,180 14,474 79,997 225,003 4,568,444 276,514 3,266 89,462 953,533 5,032 36,579 1,514,977 163,828 1,500 8,680 68,429 1,352 158,467 31 1 ,540 35,934 1,275 57,865 10,900 76,767 3,390 137,118 305 7,050 69,175 1 ,650 6,700 3,613 107,244 8,330 213,000 55,760 74,662 3,000 30 58,292 647,468 3,382 20,249 979,621 152,498 1,134 25,749 216,158 2,159,645 12,239 81,188 147,553 3,944,039 567,624 2,473 2,240 5,340 66,512 641 2,223 1,686 101,197 18,581 9,047 42,813 1,200 2,313 1,435 82,851 62,651 271 9,800 75,152 2,410 4,897 129,694 36,902 50 7,432 55,165 1,153 1,289 92,523 15,587 32 3,000 51,507 1,767 3,887 102,403 18,715 24 5,766 73,320 2,580 5,265 120,181 8,911 62 3,600 82,836 436 2,070 4,592 137,565 19,515 152 23,509 172,173 1,712,340 9,962 66,672 124,502 3,177,625 386,762 1,882 3,167 23,582 830,753 6,011 18,254 42,328 1,336,295 61,132 733 9,083 101,502 4,555 7,395 179,314 14,243 1,786 325 212,600 49,380 761 1,919 85,567 2,532 95,410 1,713 6,155 137,726 8,724 2,750 64,745 1,800 1,800 2,950 110,166 2,300 30 212,750 51,373 942 2,131 78,400 3,166 35 3,167 3,867 468,343 4,211 8,483 21,778 745,122 30,913 343 13,650 83,781 1,147,469 3,145 33,853 61,410 1,822,910 78,212 1,147 2,725 67,736 1,159 8,791 67,736 231 44 8,808 71 ,784 1,650 1,903 5,311 121,700 1,484 48 4,950 9,369 43,107 238 3,072 1,432 92,157 250 7,400 45,300 3,795 356 71,689 2,100 11,360 81,977 902 250 135,184 467 42 2,895 42,537 974 527 62,700 4,611 8,700 41,224 795,028 355 22,950 44,743 1,271,744 69,319 763 19,000 180,303 5,929 16,314 343,872 20,452 347 22 7,000 63,553 1,469 7,104 124,734 14,925 295 9,000 54,315 1 ,196 1,189 87,935 1 ,843 7 3,000 62 ,435| 3,264 8,021 131,203 3,684 45 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 1 29 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 1 39 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 1 52 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 SO BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for. Group V. — Cities of 2,500 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City 1 1 | Supervisors 1 Principals I Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 160 2 12 43 629 689 1,223 22.2 209 161 1 6 18 283 310 539 22.5 94 162 Milford _ _ 1 6 25 346 379 684 22.1 115 163 New Jersey. _ 13 51 269 1,295 19,892 19,515 33,594 21.5 6,170 164 Belmar _ _ _ 22 1 1 1 23 315 304 493 20.5 89 16r> 21 1 7 20 292 301 485 18.0 84 166 21 1 3 17 270 228 424 21.2 77 167 21 1 5 18 374 339 619 26.9 112 100 21 1 2 18 242 221 409 20.5 76 169 Other cities - - -- 12 46 251 1,199 18,399 18,122 31,164 21.5 5,732 170 New Mexico. _ . 1 21 92 303 6,873 6,627 10,670 27.0 1,903 171 3 12 44 1,006 1,037 1,492 26.6 269 172 2 8 27 24 722 24 722 939 26.8 169 173 2 5 25 497 500 803 26.8 145 174 2 8 25 533 456 820 24.8 148 175 Other cities. . - 1 12 59 182 4,115 3,912 6,616 27.5 1,172 176 New York _ _ 18 145 766 2,529 42,121 40,148 70,157 21.3 12,774 177 Albion _ _ - 22 1 9 43 641 567 984 18.9 180 178 Fort Plain 1 6 22 319 326 545 19.5 98 179 Gowanda _ - 22 1 9 30 521 483 866 22.2 167 180 Homer _ - - 2 5 41 692 618 1,097 23.8 203 181 Palmyra _ - - 1 8 28 452 394 773 21.5 143 182 Pau^rtios _ _ _ 1 14 28 467 428 790 18.8 144 183 Suffern _ 21 1 24 50 882 787 1,391 18.8 249 184 Other cities - - - 18 137 691 2,287 38,147 36,545 63,711 21.4 11,590 185 North Carolina 37 85 575 11,382 11,461 20,275 30.7 3,721 186 Marion - _ - 6 5 65 1,286 1,262 2,367 33.8 445 187 North Wilkesboro _ __ _ 1 5 30 571 565 995 28.4 179 188 Southern Pines _ _ 1 4 29 492 470 801 24.3 144 189 Wadesboro _ _ _ _ 4 6 46 882 912 1,520 29.2 274 190 Other cities - - _ 25 65 405 8,151 8,252 14,592 31.0 2,679 191 North Dakota 5 10 37 731 743 1,308 27.8 236 192 Grafton _ _ _ 3 5 20 6 392 6 394 686 27.4 124 193 Wahpeton _ 2 5 17 6 339 6 349 622 28.3 112 194 Ohio ._ _ _ 7 95 576 1,601 31,738 30,834 56,542 26.0 10,039 195 Bay Village. - - - . 2 3 7 27 508 435 873 25.7 156 196 Cadiz _ 1 8 24 415 389 777 24.3 137 197 Geneva 22! 33 24 549 24 549 988 29.9 163 198 Pomeroy 2 11 16 372 359 663 24.6 111 199 Rittman - - 1 2 6 22 447 470 840 30.0 150 200 Sebring _ _ 21 i 6 27 466 504 795 24.1 152 201 Westerville 1 11 25 573 566 1,042 28.9 183 202 Other cities - - . 4 84 527 1,427 28,408 27,562 50,564 25.9 8,987 203 Oklahoma _ _ 2 106 193 870 15,512 15,173 27,663 26.0 4,979 204 Drumright _ 1 3 5 38 713 724 1,185 27.6 214 205 Mangum 2 3 32 502 589 842 24.1 152 206 M arlow 3 6 23 459 485 779 26.9 140 207 Pawnee 3 7 22 441 395 752 25.9 135 208 Other cities - - 1 95 172 755 13,397 12,980 24,105 26.0 4,338 209 Oregon. _ ... 5 50 187 649 12,438 12,212 20,831 24.9 3,687 210 Ashland 22 4 13 37 6 871 6 873 1,387 27.7 244 211 Coquille _ - 1 2 7 26 439 459 790 23.9 141 212 Dallas _ _ - - 3 12 35 649 590 1,083 23.0 185 213 Lebanon _ — 1 3 14 39 863 879 1,386 26.2 247 214 Ontario _ - _ - _ 3 11 34 781 768 1,171 26.0 206 215 Silverton _ - _ 3 12 28 526 527 897 22.4 162 216 Other cities - 3 32 118 450 8,309 8,116 14,117 24.9 2,502 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 4,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Day Schools Salaries and wages Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 18 4,400 11,694 8,200 4.200 4,000 191,804 4.500 21 3,726 214.500 21 4 ,000 214,000 171,078 83,454 12,294 6,645 7,700 227,000 49,815 560,122 4,000 4,300 5,136 9,550 5,000 4,000 215,525 522,611 117,196 18,181 2.500 3,465 11,877 81,173 16,000 9,000 7,000 287,095 11,891 3,708 3.200 6,800 6.200 213.500 3.500 248,296 319,576 9,064 7,350 9,000 8,000 286,162 184,027 15,296 7,467 9,800 10,288 10,255 11,384 119,597 124,716 54,619 70,097 3,839,281 59,940 67,679 55,196 61,731 44,270 3,550,465 1,146,917 172,786 93.969 94,765 86,160 699,237 9,095,829 115,396 69,878 121,279 114,545 94,362 104,884 225,627 8,249,858 1.401.266 138,902 69,155 76,734 103,965 1,012,510 110,554 55.606 54,948 5,324,892 87,147 78,314 85,049 68,041 66,778 88,560 90.606 4,760,497 2,311,012 88,780 108,000 70,000 64,171 1,980,061 2,317,157 134,144 88.970 123,290 139,020 121,550 111,916 1.598.267 975 3,003 975 955 2,048 68,629 108,735 2,680 2,124 1,400 2,728 990 796 808 986 63,559 101,293 6,981 9,172 4,312 2,150 2,700 1,079 2,160 3,752 172,026 123,044 1,222 3,057 2,402 580 973 2,030 2,400 100 1,120 8,580 3,181 156,449 112,976 10,360 11,160 2,547 1,549 92 8,811 8,521 2,039 2,039 37,252 129,913 3,887 1,475 1,320 2,629 2,853 548 1,550 2,385 1,165 3,025 30,495 115,833 2,800 1,200 1,800 1,200 1,000 29,293 46,625 3,652 2,192 900 1,620 1,059 1,900 2,680 2,254 2,001 21,002 36,658 8,363 4,180 4,183 285,599 3,753 4,950 1,656 2,467 2,751 270,022 26,541 4,276 2,082 2,177 18,006 607,605 3,746 3,064 5,367 8,505 6,523 7,006 22,654 550,740 35,485 2,424 834 1,777 3,685 26,765 8,839 4,406 4,433 175,138 6,939 2,278 3,991 1,220 437 4,152 1,929 154,192 66,500 4,198 3,800 7,500 7,364 43,638 89,670 5,712 5,100 2,740 4,664 5,682 3,289 62,483 204,740 96,811 107,929 7,309,931 142,234 140,163 86,446 132,519 91,320 6,717,249 1,752,140 252,911 131,421 133,789 127,858 1,106,161 15,806,323 186,611 106,075 170,121 205,918 157,345 169,182 437,625 14,373,446 1,980,907 195,248 86,309 105,739 152,771 1,440,840 182,161 92,932 89,229 9,024,230 214,541 122,485 146,295 109,299 104,376 136,246 154,522 3,466,343 147,206 154,300 120,050 119,000 2,925,787 3,826,558 222,747 150,750 188,982 219,789 189,496 171,436 2,683,358 4,245 1,910 2,335 580,982 1,321 2,212 441 577,008 278,557 69,500 20,103 188,954 829,666 3,962 3,506 4,213 33,668 13,500 5,008 14,436 751 ,373 430,509 14,664 118,299 1,661 295,885 5,822 3,111 2,711 1,458,054 56,999 4,986 32,500 3,222 725 136,725 272,425 950,472 284,428 3,806 45,285 235,337 544,424 6,300 11,100 11,340 143,070 1,950 7,298 363,366 4,702 4,382 476 18 134 11, f 295 916 10,247 650 4 41 605 662 465 197 7,839 90 414 180 291 6,508 1,185 14 58 3 34 1 ,076 208 3,552 315 213 21 214 44 215 3,112|216 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel , attendance , and fiscal data for Group V. — Cities of 2,500 City Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools Supervisors Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 217 Pennsylvania ... 39 88 806 2,205 36,618 36,270 63,586 21.1 11,553 218 AspinwalL. .... 2 9 26 400 406 775 22.1 142 219 Birdsboro _ .. ... 211 7 23 275 300 521 17.4 94 220 Lemoyne . . .. 1 1 12 20 382 385 728 22.8 131 221 1 1 15 159 136 276 17.3 51 222 1 6 22 366 338 673 24.0 123 223 4 14 30 419 398 742 16.9 137 224 21 1 11 28 539 532 953 24.4 172 225 Other cities _ 38 77 746 2,041 34,078 33,775 58,918 21.1 10,703 226 Rhode Island _ 1 8 24 414 355 683 21.3 123 227 East Greenwich _ _ 1 8 24 414 355 683 21.3 123 228 South Carolina. . 13 178 1,036 18,226 18,965 30,498 25.1 5,466 229 Abbeville _ .. 2 7 37 724 692 1,268 28.8 228 230 Batesburg-Leesville (P.O. 1 9 43 710 693 1,136 21.8 199 Batesburg). 231 Clover _ _ 1 2 30 482 479 823 25.7 144 232 Mullins _ _ 21 1 11 42 871 874 1,388 26.2 248 233 North Augusta _ 23 1 4 28 467 481 804 25.1 144 234 Woodruff _ 21 1 9 44 869 818 1,411 26.6 252 235 Other cities _ 6 136 812 14,103 14,928 23,668 25.0 4,251 236 South Dakota _ 1 12 70 177 3,217 3,309 5,590 22.6 1,002 237 Canton _ _ _ .. 21 1 9 17 240 246 434 16.7 77 238 Pierre _ 22 1 1 10 25 2*456 2* 462 806 23.0 154 239 Sturgis _ 2 7 21 368 430 685 24.5 122 240 Vermillion 4 9 21 378 391 680 22.7 122 241 Other cities 4 35 93 1,775 1,780 2,985 23.3 527 242 Tennessee.. . 8 39 331 6,064 6,145 11,130 30.1 1,967 243 Clinton . 1 4 21 336 353 623 24.9 111 244 McMinnville.. _ 2 4 28 558 575 1,000 31.3 175 245 Sparta _ _ 1 1 18 333 345 620 32.6 112 246 Sweetwater _ _ 21 i 22 399 367 674 30.6 119 247 Tullahoma. _ _ _ . 21 1 3 31 808 813 1,496 44.0 263 248 Other cities _ _ 2 27 211 3,630 3,692 6,717 28.2 1,187 249 Texas _ _ _ 17 280 783 3,582 63,911 61,583 105,615 24.2 18,520 250 Ballinger. . 3 8 41 484 459 785 16.0 137 251 Comanche . . 1 6 27 490 443 824 25.0 145 252 Stephenville.. _ _ . 3 13 37 709 733 1,215 24.3 213 253 Wharton _ _ _ 3 8 37 779 776 1,287 28.6 227 254 Other cities __ . _ 17 270 748 3,440 61,449 59,172 101,504 24.2 17,798 255 Vermont _ _ 5 5 14 70 1,051 1,132 1,902 22.6 335 256 Newport.. _ 2 4 25 367 350 615 21.2 105 257 Waterbury _ 2 1 4 22 314 338 590 22.7 101 258 Windsor . _ 3 2 6 23 370 444 697 24.0 129 259 Virginia. _ _ 1 3 15 73 1,300 1,221 2,212 25.1 398 260 Buena Vista 22 1 4 26 505 470 862 28.7 155 261 Williamsburg. ... _ 1 2 11 47 795 751 1,350 23.3 243 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1947-48 — Continued to 4,999 Population — Continued Salaries and wages Supervisors 115,709 4,000 Principals 59,870 13,300 4,900 8,400 2,100 ’2‘ioo 307,307 5,500 213,575 3,350 213,749 2,458 15,541 213,500 269,634 3,720 3,720 42,419 216,000 3,596 3,603 213,500 213,500 213,500 18,720 34,594 213,000 3,208 6,366 11,620 10,400 20,938 3,598 4,000 2,790 213,000 213,500 4,050 913,410 14,127 3,080 8,953 10,425 876,825 20,010 9,710 3,700 6,600 9.300 2,000 7.300 Teachers, and other instructional staff 64,141 70,304 299,431 642,054 37,814 56,000 32,129 30,213 102,657 383,241 11,127,980 113,944 85,671 119,258 118,660 10,690,447 164,792 52,326 52,271 60,195 169,661 51 ,352 118,309 for Full-Time Day Schools Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Clerks 14 15 16 17 18 19 94,930 238,124 385,523 11,080,154 344,864 5,499 217 ' 2,200 3,000 13,000 160,500 7,000 60 218 . . 1,510 4,284 99,650 2,036 114 219 2,000 3,511 2,848 128,120 2,303 91 220 800 1,054 1,441 100,590 6,030 64 221 2,028 5,637 95,002 8,879 26 222 7,395 2,264 7,554 233,718 5,610 155 223 1,535 1,901 4,118 135,172 623 32 224 81,000 222,856 346,641 10,127,402 312,383 4,957 225 1,560 1,780 3,031 127,838 2,049 134 226 1,560 1,780 3,031 127,838 2,049 134 227 i 2,820 313 56,235 2,948,941 108,450 749 228 1 . . 2,500 113,600 2,500 40 229 1 45 4,741 142,141 3,639 78 230 i 1,200 1 . . 2,281 117,189 10,800 231 2,506 122,042 2,518 9 232 1 534 67,895 3,074 19 233 4,939 132,317 1,791 33 234 i 1,575 313 38,734 2,253,757 84,128 570,235 i 5,922 17,529 24,052 896,833 91,972 312 236 135 1,666 2,697 93,309 2,545 237 3,401 1,549 1,374 123,839 55,309 24 238 2,428 379 91,841 3,853 20 239 1,804 2,460 731 120,366 582 240 582 9,426 18,871 467,478; 29,683 268 241 3,847 3,630 31,117 902,341 29,285 205 242 300 1,403 62,571 7,845 5 243 1,500 1,300 3,750 81,850 200 244 500 1,008 44,094 1245 1 ,391 46,002 652 246 3,211 143,269 247 2,347 1,530 20,354 524,555 20,788 248 83,349 13,472 436,678 16,944,697 5,639,182 26,742 249 1,225 5,665 160,837 1 161250 1,399 133,839 21,496 70 251 3,260 167,000 13,160 133 252 1,500 4,491 164,949 14,517 75 253 80,624 13,472 421,863 16,318,072 5,590,009 26,348 254 1,319 8,248 17,750 326,852 1,693 223 255 28 4,124 422 100,370 84 256 1,832 1,423 90,439 1,693 54 257 1,291 2,292 15,905 136,043 85 258 3,379 1,370 11,679 252,456 70,299 74 259 2,959 70,769 65,536 74 260 3,379 1,370 8,720 181,687 4,763 261 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 2. — Personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for Group V. — Cities of 2,500 Personnel and Attendance in Full-Time Day Schools City Supervisors • Principals Instructional staff1 Enrollment Average daily attendance Pupil- teacher ratio (a.d.a. basis) Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thou¬ sands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 262 Washington _ 15 72 280 867 18,170 16,927 28,995 25.3 5,192 263 Auburn _ _ 1 5 24 66 1,355 1,283 2,160 24.0 383 264 Colfax _ 3 14 22 430 366 759 21.1 129 265 Chehalis _ 1 4 13 35 783 726 1,280 26.7 231 266 Dayton _ . 2 10 19 379 350 639 22.0 115 267 Kent _ 22 e 85 1,120 1,094 1,949 22.9 351 268 Mt. Vernon.. . . 3 22 49 1,009 827 1,532 25.1 276 269 Omak _ 4 14 29 651 671 1,116 26.0 201 270 Other cities . . . 13 45 183 562 12,443 11,610 19,560 26.3 3,506 271 Wisconsin . 7 40 343 906 15,442 15,636 28,803 23.1 5,111 272 Algoma _ 21 1 8 12 232 253 446 22.3 81 273 Burlington _ 21 1 9 24 366 332 618 18.7 110 274 Greendale _ 21 1 7 29 392 361 731 20.3 135 276 Hurley. . 224 7 14 35 599 625 1,055 21.5 184 276 Kewaunee _ 21 1 7 12 203 225 416 21.9 76 277 Spooner _ 1 12 22 470 470 833 24.5 145 278 Tomah _ 1 11 27 470 525 974 25.6 172 279 Other cities . . 3 27 275 745 12,710 12,845 23,730 23.3 4,208 280 Wyoming... . . 12 39 166 3,032 2,961 5,077 24.8 889 281 Cody _ _ 1 6 36 589 551 940 22.4 167 282 Evanston _ 5 5 30 459 472 817 23.3 144 283 Green River _ 3 7 21 415 389 696 24.9 122 Lander: 284 Elementary District . 21 1 2 15 308 287 498 29.3 87 285 High-School District.. 1 6 5 139 132 258 23.5 44 286 Riverton _ 1 6 31 554 578 921 24.9 161 287 Worland _ 7 28 568 552 947 27.1 164 1 Includes persons rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, and psychological work, etc., provided more than half their time is given to such instruction. 2 Includes the following six major accounts: (1) General Control (Administration); (2) Instruction; (3) Operation of school plant; (4) Maintenance of school plant; (5) Auxiliary Services; (6) Fixed Charges. Does not include interest nor any expenditures for adult education, summer, part-time, night, and other types of school work extraneous to the full¬ time day school program. See Table 1. — Comparative Summary for Part-time and Summer Schools. * Separation by sex not reported, or reported as unavailable. Distributed on the basis of the prevailing relationship computed for each State in which instances of this kind occur. 4 Not reported. 6 Reported as “furnished by the State.” 6 Not reported by sex. Distributed arbitrarily. 7 Total amount, only, reported for Instruction item. Distributed on basis of salary schedules prevailing in Oklahoma City. Data secured from Oklahoma State Department of Education. 8 Not reported. Used 1945-46 data. 9 Not reported, separately. Estimated on basis of 1945-46 figures, and deducted from total reported for Instruction salaries. 10 Elementary data, only. Public high schools privately endowed, hence not reported for this survey of publicly supported education. 11 “None” reported for amount of school bonds outstanding. Amount reported represents anticipation warrants $1,225,341, plus Education building fund, $280,844. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 public-school systems , by State and by city , 1947-48 — Continued to 4,999 Population — Continued Instructional Expenditures for Full-Time Dat Schools Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instructional expenses Supervisors Principals Teachers, and other instructional staff Clerks 11 12 13 14 15 16 66,049 298,770 3,645,689 47,335 64,771 226,172 3,400 20,610 269,219 6,898 16,630 16,208 104,206 35 1,993 720 3,180 14,280 147,210 150 2,727 11,882 7,567 91,417 3,014 7,302 25,403 265,225 1,639 3,045 16,452 12,000 223,196 3,705 4,597 16,551 15,900 137,000 3,000 13,000 59,469 186,802 2,408,216 41,806 39,497 143,635 22,391 143,063 3,118,307 46,554 73,357 232,635 « 3,500 44,033 863 903 2,649 213,500 78,440 1,850 1,700 1,588 34 3,576 93,445 1,800 1,691 8,493 13,086 21,611 93,401 1,948 10,961 3i3,357 49,401 636 3,515 3,768 84,400 1,610 2,702 4,943 4,837 89,035 2,561 9,901 9,305 98,924 2,586,152 40,431 61,216 191,035 37,259 482,432 15,372 29,281 4,102 105,685 4,017 4,150 15,803 83,560 1,972 4,697 9,129 67,373 2,155 5,493 213,000 30,690 2,104 1,074 2,144 24,234 460 2,784 3,081 84,059 2,283 2,464 86,831 2,381 8,619 Total current expenditures 2 for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing, and all other forms of school debts (in thou¬ sands) 17 18 19 6,447,477 1,354,683 3,945 262 485,630 73,593 233 263 186,155 8,645 272 264 285,865 8,214 275 265 166,302 24,573 220 266 468,146 56,686 2441267 370,340 49,008 424 268 252,080 300,000 80 269 4,232,959 833,964 2,197 270 5,166,353 193,959 1,097 271 68,788 760 7 272 145,939 998 273 149,116 274 240,387 2,258 276 73,282 3,659 10 276 157,934 13,233 277 175,674 5,837 80 278 ' 4,155,233 167,214 1,000 279 855,503 120,743 1,104 280 ' 175,015 26,444 452 281 152,535 5,779 33 282 123,975 5,323 88 283 52,844 13,019 36 284 55,646 10,505 23 285 134,853 38,324 92 286 i 160,635 21,349 380 287 12 Includes 4 junior high schools in the elementary district. 13 Includes the city-maintained junior college in Joliet, Ill. 14 Included with teachers’ salary amount. 18 Clerks’ salaries charged to Administration, thus not shown as separate amount for Instruction account. 18 No response to requests for 1947-48 report. Used 1945-46 data. 17 School districts in Massachusetts are fiscally dependent on the municipality. Having no taxing authority, school districts make no separate accounting of any indebtedness incurred for school plant. Data are available at the city treasurers’ office, but are not readily secured nor easy to separate from the city general debt service accounts. 18 North Carolina operates on a rental system in furnishing textbooks. 19 School library expense. None reported for instruction supply expense. 10 Combined for the two former independent city school districts of Beaumont, viz. City District and French District. These were merged September 13, 1948, and operate now under title of Beaumont Independent School District. 31 Not reported. Shifted from administration, teacher, or supervisor. 33 Not reported, estimated on basis of expenditure and on previous reports. » Totals only were reported. Breakdown estimated. 34 Estimated on basis of 1945-46 data. 38 Included with supplies. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1950—903977 FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oflicc of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1946—48 Text and text tables prepared by Henry G. Badger, Specialist in Educational Statistics , under the direction of Emery M. Foster, Head , Reports and Analysis Branch. Editing and preparation of basic tables by Margaret J. S. Carr and Maude Farr. Survey Statisticians , under the direction of Robert C. Story, Head , Technical Services Unit. FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 30 cents CONTENTS Foreword . Number and Distribution of Institutions . General Trends . Population and student enrollment • Institutions for the higher education of Negroes Staff . Students . Sex of students . . Enrollments by control and level of institution . Regional distribution of enrollment Enrollment third week of fall term . First-time students . Students by level of work . Veterans of World War II . Special types of students . Degrees . Income . Current income . Educational and general fund income Per capita income . Percentage analysis of current income Student fees . Public sources . Endowment earnings . Private gifts and grants . Sales and services . Miscellaneous income . Total educational and general income Auxiliary enterprises and activities Other noneducational income . Plant fund income . Private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds Expenditures . Grand total of expenditures . Educational and general expenditures . Percentage analysis of current expenditures Administration and general expense Resident instruction . Libraries . Plant operation and maintenance Related activities . Total educational and general, campus Page vii 4 4 5 7 9 11 11 12 14 15 15 19 20 23 23 26 27 27 30 33 39 40 41 41 42 42 43 43 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 47 48 48 iii Page Organized research . 48 Extension . 48 Total educational and general expenditures . 48 Auxiliary enterprises and activities . 48 Other noneducational expenditures . 49 Expenditures for plant expansion . 49 Fund and Plant Values . 49 Text Tables I. Number of institutions of higher education, by control, type, division, and State, 1948 . 2 II. Population and student enrollment in higher education, 1900 to 1948 . 5 III. Junior colleges and their enrollment, 1917-18 to 1947-48 . 6 IV. Summary of statistics of institutions for the higher educa¬ tion of Negroes, 1947-48 . 7 V. Staff, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, and by sex of staff member, 1947-48 .... 10 VI. Resident instructional staff, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, 1929-30 to 1947-48 . 10 VII. Resident instructional staff in noncollegiate work, exclud¬ ing critic teachers, in institutions of higher education, 1939-40 to 1947-48 . 11 VIII. Summary of resident college enrollment, institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1947-48 . 12 IX. Resident college enrollments, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by control and type of institution, and by sex of student, 1947-48 . 13 X. Resident college enrollment in higher education, by con¬ trol of institution and by classification and sex of stu¬ dent, 1939-40 and 1947-48 . 14 XI. Resident college enrollment, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by division and State, 1929-30 and 1939-40 to 1947-48 . 16 XII. Resident college enrollment, regular session, and enroll ment third week of fall term, institutions of higher edu¬ cation, 1931-32 to 1947-48 . 18 XIII. Resident college enrollment and number of students regis¬ tered for the first time in any college, institutions of higher education, 1931-32 to 1947-48 . 19 XIV. Special students in arts and sciences and certain pro¬ fessional schools, institutions of higher education, 1947- 48 . 20 XV. Population and student enrollment in non-Federal insti¬ tutions of higher education, by military status of student and by location of institution, 1947-48 . 21 XVI. Student enrollment, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, and by type of enroll¬ ment, 1947—48 . 24 iv Page XVII. Historical summary of earned degrees, institutions of higher education, by level of degree, 1899-1900 to 1947-48 . 26 XVIII. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by sex of recipient, level of degree, and geographic division, 1939-40 to 1947-48 . 28 XIX. Educational and general income of non-Federal institu¬ tions of higher education, by geographic division, 1939- 40 to 1947-48 . 30 XX. Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants, non-Federal institutions of higher education, 1947-48 . 32 XXI. Educational and general, and noneducational income, non- Federal institutions of higher education, by source, 1927-28, 1937-38, and 1947-48 . . . 35 XXII. Percentage analysis of current income, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, and by fund and source of income, 1947-48 . 36 XX III. Receipts for plant expansion, non-Federal institutions of higher education, by geographic division, 1939-40 and 1947-48 . 44 XXIV. Educational and general expenditures, non-Federal insti¬ tutions of higher education, by geographic division, 1939-40 to 1947-48 . 46 XXV. Percentage analysis of current expenditures, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, and by fund and purpose of expenditure, 1947-48 . 50 XXVI. Expenditure for plant expansion, institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution, 1947-48 . . 52 XXVII. Fund and plant values, institutions of higher education, 1940 and 1948 . 53 National Summary Tables 1. Historical summary of institutions of higher education, 1899- 1900 to 1947-48 . 55 2. Staff, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, 1947-48 and 1945-46 . 56 3. Income, expenditures, and property, institutions of higher edu¬ cation, 1947-48 and 1945-46 . 58 State Summary Tables 4. Staff, students, and degrees, institutions of higher education, by State, 1947-48: A. All institutions . 60 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 62 C. Privately controlled institutions . 64 5. Staff, institutions of higher education, by type of work and State, 1947-48: A. All institutions . 66 v Page B. Publicly controlled institutions . 68 C. Privately controlled institutions . 70 6. Students by classification and sex, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by State, 1947-48: A. All institutions . 72 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 74 C. Privately controlled institutions . 76 7. Students in arts and sciences and in professional schools, by level of training, by sex, and by State, 1947-48 . 78 8. Current income, institutions of higher education, by State, 1947-48: A. All institutions . 82 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 84 C. Privately controlled institutions . 86 9. Private gifts and grants to endowment and other nonexpendable funds, institutions of higher education, by control and State, 1947-48 . 88 10. Receipts specifically designated for plant extension, institutions of higher education, by type, control, and State, 1947-48 ... 91 11. Current expenditures, institutions of higher education, by State, 1947-48: A. All institutions . 92 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 94 C. Privately controlled institutions . 96 12. Expenditures for plant extension, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by type, control, and State, 1947-48 . 99 13. Property, institutions of higher education, by State, 1947-48: A. All institutions . 100 B. Publicly controlled institutions . 102 C. Privately controlled institutions . 104 VI FOREWORD TTIGHER EDUCATION is playing an ever-increasing part in American life. More persons are going to college and more are graduating than ever before. In con¬ sequence, more college training is expected of candidates for positions of trust in our economic, social, and com¬ munity life than at any other period in the history of the Nation. This chapter brings down to 1947-48 the series of sta¬ tistical reports on higher education begun in 1870, carried on annually to 1916, and continued on a biennial basis since that date. It consists in large measure of a compila¬ tion of reports from the 1,788 higher educational institu¬ tions located in the 48 States and the District of Columbia and the 5 located in the outlying parts of the United States. For the first time since 1939-40, the report pre¬ sents data on physical property and permanent funds. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief Research and Statistical Service Ralph C. M. Flynt, Director Division of Special Educational Services VII ■ STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1947-48 AMONG the outstanding characteristics of higher education in the United States are its wide diffusion and its accessibility to the general public. Every State has within its borders at least one university offering education in the liberal arts and professional training of one or more types ; practically every State has at least one teacher-education institution (not necessarily under the con¬ trol of the State, but located within its borders) ; almost every State includes at least one junior college. Furthermore, hardly a city of 100,000 population or more is without higher educational facilities of some sort. The number and type of institutions vary widely according to local conditions or local aspirations. Thus, in the East and South privately controlled institutions tend to outnumber those under public control, whereas west of the Mississippi River the tendency is toward public control of higher education. Another factor in determining the number of institutions is that of definition of the term “institution of higher education.” The present compilations include all institutions meeting the following criteria, as set up in the Higher Education section of the Educa¬ tional Directory of the Office of Education for 1947-481 : A. Universities, Colleges, and Teachers Colleges : 1. Accredited by the following agencies: (a) Association of American Universities. (b) American Association of Teachers Colleges. ( c) Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. (d) North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. ( e ) Northwest Association of Secondary and Higher Schools. (f) Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. (g) State universities and State departments of education. 2. All State-supported institutions. 3. Four-year institutions which are not accredited by any agency but which enroll 100 or more resident college students in regular session and graduate at least 10 students annually. 1 Educational Directory, 1947-48, Part 8, Higher Education. Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1948. p. 6-7. 1 Table /. — Number of institutions of higher education , by control , type , division , and State, 1948 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Privately controlled institutions Junior colleges CO 230 oo — 1 e*; Th t'- | 26 05 CM CM O —4 t* 1 |81 nt'O < T— 1 1 — | Teachers colleges and normal schools e* S3 | OO j j jmi-KM I CO i 1 to t*h I 1 © CM ' *<* 'CO i i i i till 1 Universities, colleges, and professional schools ▼H 897 CM t>- ^ CO 05 to CO 1-H 184 hhrf!ja S.-g -5 tj'S'K'CS o ® rt.jH ® o 5 30 CS>^z:cBOfe x> a 3 3 K 3 I ■s o &8 a — a o $ S'm 2 e 5.2 C C’g cn >2 3 W O 8 C2=5 a § 1 1 -2 cj « ^ «JOKo< 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 B. Independent Professional and Technological Schools: 1. Accredited by professional associations or approved by State universi¬ ties or State departments of education. 2. Not accredited by any agency but which enroll 25 or more resident students of college grade in regular session and graduate at least 5 students annually. C. Junior Colleges and Normal Schools : 1. Accredited by the agencies listed under A-l (above) . 2. Not accredited by any agency but which — (a) Require high-school graduation for entrance. (b) Offer 2 years of work of college grade. (c) Enroll 50 or more resident students of college grade in regular session. Also included in the present compilations are the county normal schools in Michigan and Wisconsin, although some of these schools offer only 1 year of work above the secondary level of difficulty. Excluded are branch institutions, in spite of the fact that some of these branch institutions are themselves large and complex organi¬ zations. Institutions located in the outlying parts of the United States are not included in the continental United States totals, but are tabulated separately below the larger group. Number and Distribution of Institutions Applying the above-mentioned limitations to the present inquiry yields a continental United States total of 1,788 institutions as of the school year 1947-48. Of this group 1,056, or 59.1 percent, were of the university, college, and professional school type; 260, or 14.5 percent, were teachers colleges or normal schools ; and 472, or 26.4 percent, were junior colleges. General Trends I. The expansion of American higher education, which has been persistent and virtually uninterrupted for at least 50 or 60 years, continued into 1947-48. The number of institutions rose to 1,788 during 1947-48, marking an increase of 1.1 percent over the 1945- 46 total of 1,763, and a gain of 83.0 percent, or 811 institutions, over the 977 reported in 1900. The number of staff members also rose sharply. Whereas in 1900 1 person in every 3,184 of the total population of the United States was a member of a college or university faculty, in 1948, 1 in every 653 was so employed. The increase in employment of women as college teachers2 was more striking than that of men. During the 2 Throughout this chapter the term “college” is used to include not only 4-year colleges proper, but also junior colleges, technical institutions offering work of college grade, universities, and institutions for the education of teachers. The term “institutions of higher education,” “institu¬ tions,” and “colleges” are synonymous, unless otherwise specified. HIGHER EDUCATION D 48-year period, the number of men on college faculties was multi¬ plied by 19.8, but that of women was multiplied by 27.0 (table 1) .3 Population and student enrollment The tremendous growth of higher education is further shown by comparison of student enrollment with total population. Thus, although between 1900 and 1948, the total population of the United States nearly doubled (table II), student enrollment in higher Table II.— Population and student enrollment in higher education, 1900 to 1948 Year Population1 Student enrollment in higher education2 Total Ages 18 to 21, inclusive Number Percent of— Total pop¬ ulation Population, ages 18 to 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 1900.... . 75,994,575 5,930,765 237,592 0.31 4.01 1905 . . . . 84,219,378 6,583,109 264,345 .31 4.02 1910 . . . 91,972,266 7,335,453 355,213 .38 4.84 1915 . 99,342,625 7,339,624 403,558 .41 5.50 1918 . . . . 103,587,955 7,342,126 440,742 .43 6.00 1920 . . . 105,710,620 7,343,794 597,880 .57 8.14 1922 . 109,872,675 7,680,383 681,076 .62 8.87 1924 . 113,202,319 8,016,972 823,063 .73 10.27 1926 . . . 116,531,963 8,353,561 917,462 .79 10.98 1928 . 119,861,607 8,690,150 1,053,955 .88 12.13 1930 . . . . 123,076,685 9,033,000 1,100,737 .89 12.19 1932 . . . . 124,839,982 9,128,000 1,154,117 .92 12.64 1934 . 126,372.877 9,211,000 1,055,260 .84 11.46 1936 . . . . . 128,051,867 9,260,000 1,208,227 .94 13.05 1938 . . . 129,823,200 9,395,000 1,350,905 1.04 14.38 1940 . . . . . 131,669,275 9,753,537 1,494,203 1.13 15.32 1942 . . . . 134,407,385 9,853,000 1,403,990 1.04 14.25 1944 _ _ 138,083,449 9,776,000 1,155,272 .84 11.82 1946 . . . 143,414,000 9,537,000 1,676,851 1.17| 17.58 1948 . 146,114,000 9,273,000 2,616,262 1.79 28.21 Increase, 1900 to 1948 Number . . . 70,119,425 3,342,235 2,378,670 Percent . . . . 92.27 56.35 1,001.16 1 Estimates as of July 1, from the U.S. Bureau of the Census, including armed forces overseas. Estimates for 1942 and later years subject to revision upon completion of 1950 census. 2 Resident college enrollments, for regular session only, ended in June of years shown (excludes correspondence, extension, and off-campus students). education increased more than tenfold. The total higher education enrollment for 1947-48 included more than a million veterans of World War II, whose education was partially paid for by the Fed¬ eral Government. Nevertheless, even if it be assumed that none of these veterans would be in college without this Federal subvention, 3 Throughout this chapter, tables with Roman numerals are derivative tables and will be found in various places in the textual discussion. Tables with Arabic numerals present National and State summaries and will be found in serial order following the text. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 it still appears that the number of non-veterans in 1947-48 was something like 5 or 6 times the total number of students in 1899- 1900. The sharp increase in student enrollment was accompanied by an increase in the number of degrees conferred. Thus, whereas from 1900 to 1948 the total enrollment in higher education was multi¬ plied by 10.0, the number of bachelor’s degrees conferred was mul¬ tiplied by 9.9, that of doctor’s by 11.4, and that of master’s by 26.8 (table XVII). The amount of money received and spent for higher education, the investment in plant and physical facilities, and the amount of permanent or quasi-permanent endowment funds likewise in¬ creased, although as a rule these increases were not as spectacular as those in the various personnel fields. II. Changing times and changing conditions are normally ac¬ companied or followed by changes in organization. The rise of the junior college — a peculiarly American institution — has been men¬ tioned in previous Biennial Surveys of Education and is a case in point (table III). Table III.— Junior colleges and their enrollment , 1917—18 to 1947-48 Year All junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled N umber Enrollment N umber Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18 . . 46 4,504 14 1,367 32 3,137 1919-20 . . 52 8,102 10 2,940 42 5,162 1921-22. _ _ 80 12,124 17 4,771 63 7,353 1923-24 . 132 20,559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26.. . . 153 27,095 47 13,859 106 13,236 1927-28 . 248 44,855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30 . . . 277 55,616 129 36,501 148 19,115 1931-32 . 342 85,063 159 58,887 183 26,176 1933-34 . 322 78,480 152 55,869 170 22,611 1935-36 _ _ 415 102,453 187 70,557 228 31,896 1937-38.... . 453 121,510 209 82,041 244 39,469 1939-40. . . . 456 149,854 217 107,553 239 42,301 1941-42.. . . . 461 141,272 231 100,783 230 40,489 1943-44 . . 413 89,208 210 60,884 203 28,324 1945-46.. . . 464 156,456 242 109,640 222 46,816 1947-48 . . 472 240, 193 242 178,196 230 61,977 Percent of all higher I education. - 26.4 9.2 38.4 1 13.4 19.9 4.8 Average enrollment per institution . 509 736 269 1 . Another example of this evolutionary process is seen in the growth and decline of the county normal school movement. Always small, highly localized institutions, the county normal schools of the Nation once enrolled more than 4,200 students in nearly 100 institutions scattered over 8 States. By 1947-48, however, only 43 HIGHER EDUCATION 7 institutions of this type were reported, from only 2 States. The total 1947-48 enrollment of these schools was set at 1,066, an aver¬ age of just under 25 per school. Institutions for the higher edueation ojISegroes There are 103 institutions attended entirely or predominantly by Negroes, or 5.8 percent of the total number of institutions listed in 1947_48 (table IV). For the most part, these institutions are lo¬ cated in the Southern States, but 2 each are reported from Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. In general, these institutions enroll fewer students per school than institutions attended entirely or predominantly by white per¬ sons. The average number of students in the Negro institutions in 1947_48 was 771, as contrasted with an average of 1,506 for the 1,685 other institutions. The comparative smallness of the institutions attended entirely or predominantly by Negroes is also shown by the fact that they had only 3.0 percent of the Nation's teaching and administrative staff (full-time equivalent), 3.0 percent of the student enrollment, Table IV.— Summary of Statistics of Institutions for the Higher Education of Negroes , 1947—48 Item All higher education Institutions for higher education of Negroes1 Number or amount Percent of all higher education2 1 2 3 4 j Number of institutions _ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ -------- — 1,788 103 5.8 XI Staff (full-time ecjui valent) ------------------- _ ------------- _ 1 STAFF, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES 196,300 5,851 3.0 Men _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ — - 143,243 53,057 3,379 2,472 2.4 4.7 III. Resident college enrollment A Regular session • Total _ - _ ...... _ _ ... 2,616,262 79,391 3.0 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ „ _ 1,836,339 779,923 42,469 36,922 2.3 4.7 Women . 1 First time in any college i Total _ _ 609,737 24,129 4.0 Men - - _ 410,685 199,052 13,260 10,869 3.2 5.5 Women . 2 Graduate students. Total - . , ^ _ _ _ 174,432 1,984 1.1 Men _ 120,177 54,255 863 1,121 0.7 2.1 Women _ B. Summer session, 1947: Total . 955,429 39,507 4.1 Mpn _ 632,086 323,343 16,340 23,167 2.6 7.2 Women _ _ _ - _ See footnotes on page 8. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table IV.— Summary of Statistics of Institutions for the Higher Education of Negroes, 1947—48 — Continued All Institutions for higher education of Negroes1 Item higher education Number or amount Percent of all higher education1 1 2 3 4 IV. Degrees 271,019 8,504 3.1 175,456 95,563 3,062 5,442 1.7 5.7 B. Master’s: Total . . . 42,400 433 1.0 28,899 13,501 184 0.6 Women _ __ 249 1.8 FINANCES (amounts in thousands of dollars, i.e., $000 omitted) V. Educational and general income: Total.. _ _ _ _ _ $1,538,076 $ 38,320 2.5 A. From student fees 3 _ 304,601 926,298 86,680 7,312 22,791 2,160 3,716 2,341 1,522 2.5 B. From public sources 3 _ .. . . . _ . 2.5 C. From endowment earnings _ 2.5 D. From private benefactions _ 91,468 129,049 75,879 4.1 E. From other sources _ _ 1.8 VI. Receipts (gifts and grants) for nonexpendable funds . . . 2.0 VII. Educational and general expenditures: Total4 . . . . 1,391,594 36,216 2.6 A. For resident instruction _ 657,945 44,208 159,090 18,234 1,218 1,521 2.8 B. For libraries _ _ 2.8 C. For research _ _ 1.0 VIII. Property A. Value of physical plant* . . . . . 3,691,725 110,650 3.0 B. Amount of endowment and other nonexpendable funds: Total 2,497,727 53,230 2.1 Endowment funds _ 2,252,813 131,674 69,050 44,190 49,904 2,986 79 2.2 Funds temporarily functioning as endowment _ 2.3 Annuity funds _ _ _ _ _ 0.1 Student loan funds _ _ _ 261 0.6 1 Columns 3 and 4 do not include institutions of higher education attended entirely or predomi¬ nantly by white persons. 2 Percents of financial data based on rounded numbers given in columns 2 and 3. 3 Student fees of veterans paid by Veterans’ Administration are included under public sources and not under student fees. 4 Includes some items not listed below. 6 Not including unexpended plant funds. conferred only 3.1 percent of the bachelor’s degrees, received only 2.5 percent of the educational and general income, and had only 3.0 percent of the total educational plant and 2.1 percent of the permanent funds of all higher education. Of special interest, however, is the increase in advanced work offered at these institutions. Whereas in 1939-40 they had only 671 graduate students,4 in 1947-48 they enrolled 1,984 — nearly three times the earlier number. In like manner, the number of master’s 4 Blose, David T. and Caliver, Ambrose. Statistics of the Education of Negroes, Part II. Higher Education. Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Circular No. 215. HIGHER EDUCATION 9 degrees conferred by these institutions nearly tripled in 8 years, increasing from 152 in 1989-40 to 433 in 1947-48. The doctorate was not conferred at any institution in this group. It should be borne in mind that the figures given in this section do not include all institutions that are attended by Negroes. In many instances Negroes are enrolled in institutions attended predomi¬ nantly by white persons. The present report does not include data on the attendance of Negroes at these institutions. Staff A total of 223,660 persons were employed on the administrative or instructional staffs of institutions of higher education in 1947- 48 (table 2). This number exceeded the 165,324 reported for 1945- 46 by 58,336, or 35.3 percent. An increase in instructional activities is seen in the fact that the resident instructional staff increased from 125,811 in 1945-46 to 174,204 in 1947-48 (table VI). This is an increase of 38.5 percent, more than twice the percentage in¬ crease reported for the previous biennium. Although, as has been noted, the total number of staff members increased by 35.3 percent from 1945-46 to 1947-48, the total full¬ time equivalent* I. 2 3 4 5 of these persons increased 44.3 percent (from 136,032 to 196,300). This suggests either a decrease in the use of part-time teachers or an increase in the amount of time these per¬ sons were employed. Of the 196,300 professional positions (full-time equivalent) in 1947-48, 143,243, or 73.0 percent, were filled by men and 53,057, or 27.0 percent, by women (table V). These figures show a reversal, or at least a temporary discontinuance, of the trend, observable since the turn of the century, for the percentage of women staff members in higher education to increase. In 1899-1900 only 19.8 percent of all staff members were women. This percent rose to 20.1 in 1909-10, to 26.3 in 1919-20, to 27.2 in 1929-30, to 28.1 in 1939- 6 The expression "full-time equivalent,” as here used, means the total number of teachers or other officers who would be needed to carry on the work of an institution of higher education if no persons were employed on a part-time basis, but all work distributed among a staff employed for full service. This full-time equivalent is calculated as follows : I. For an institution of simple organization: 1. By inspection of salary contracts, work schedules, or other pertinent and easily applicable means, determine the standard amount of service or time expected of a full-time teacher or other officer. This is usually, but not necessarily, stated in terms of hours of employment per week, quarter, or semester. 2. List the amount of service or time rendered by or expected from each officer employed on a part-time basis. 3. Make a total of this part-time service for the institution. 4. Divide the total amount of part-time service, as shown in step 3, by the standard amount of service expected of a full-time employee, as shown in step 1. This quotient is the full-time equivalent of part-time employees in the institution. B. To the quotient obtained in step 4 add the total number of full-time teachers and officers to obtain a full-time equivalent for the institution. II. For an institution which includes two or more professional schools or other administrative units with varying standards as respects full-time service, it may be advisable to calcu¬ late the full-time equivalent for each unit independently, as in steps 1 to 6 above, and then summarize for the entire institution. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table V. — Staff , institutions of higher education , by control and type of institu¬ tion , and by sex of staff member , 1947—48 Staff members Item All institutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions Number Percent Number Percent N umber Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total staff members1 _ 196,300 100.0 98,973 50.4 97,327 49.6 Men _ 143,243 73.0 i 71,007 36.2 72,236 36.8 Women _ _ _ 53,057 27.0 | 27,966 14.2 25,091 12.8 Universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools _ 167,397 85.3 76,719 39.1 90,678 46.2 Men _ _ _ 127,021 64.8 57,975 29.6 69,046 35.2 Women _ _ _ 40,376 20.5 18,744 9.5 21,632 11.0 Teachers colleges and normal schools 14,296 7.3 13,325 6.8 971 0.5 Men. . . . . . . 7,453 i 3.8 7,085 3.6 368 .2 Women _ . _ _ _ i 6,843 3.5 6,240 3.2 603 .3 Junior colleges _ _ 14,607 7.4 8,929 4.5 5,678 2.9 Men _ _ . . . . . . 8,769 4.4 5,947 3.0 2,822 1.4 Women _ _ _ 5,838 3.0 2,982 1.5 2,856 1.5 1 Full-time equivalent. 40, and continued to rise to 28.2 in 1941-42, to 80.2 in 1943-44, and reached a peak of 31.0 in 1945-46. In 1947-48 it dropped back to 27.0. In the last 10 years a notable change has taken place in the dis¬ tribution of administrative and instructional officers. In 1937-38, of the 123,677 full-time equivalent positions of this type, 58,490, or 47.3 percent, were in institutions under public control, and 65,187, or 52.7 percent, were in institutions under private control. By 1947- 48 these percentages were : Public 50.4 and private 49.6 (table V) . The 1947-48 staff is divided by type of institution as follows: Uni- Table VI. — Resident instructional staffs institutions of higher education , 1929—30 to 1947-48 Year Biennial increase2 Year Biennial increase3 Number1 Number Percent Number1 Number Percent 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1929-30 . . 1931-32.. . . 1933-34 . . 1935-36 _ _ 1937-38 . . 82,386 88,172 86,914 92,580 102,895 6,306 5,786 -1,258 5,666 10,315 8.3 7.0 -1.4 6.5 11.1 1939-40... . . 1941-42 . . 1943-44 . . 1945-46 . . 1947—48 . . 110,885 114,693 105,841 125,811 174,204 7,990 3,808 -8,852 19,970 48,393 7.8 3.4 -7.7 18.9 38.5 1 Collegiate, professional, and graduate, not including critic teachers or subcollegiate teachers, 1943-44 and earlier years ; including critic teachers but not subcollegiate teachers, 1945-46 and 1947-48. 2 Decrease shown by a minus sign ( — ). HIGHER EDUCATION 11 Table VII.— Resident instructional staff in noncollegiate work, excluding critic teachers , in institutions of higher education, 1939-^40 to 1947—48 Item 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 1 2 3 4 5 6 All institutions _ _ _ . . . . 3,721 3,472 3,457 4,275 5,111 Universities, colleges, and professional schools. .. 2,225 2,135 2,225 2,293 3,010 Teachers colleges and normal schools _ 267 328 340 970 957 Junior colleges . . .. _ 1,229 1,009 892 1,012 1,144 Publicly controlled institutions . . . 893 791 1,076 1,809 2,420 Universities, colleges, and professional schools... 549 528 728 725 1,139 Teachers colleges and normal schools . . 157 182 266 889 837 Junior colleges _ _ _ ... _ 187 81 82 195 444 Privately controlled institutions.. . . . 2,828 2,681 2,381 2,466 2,691 Universities, colleges, and professional schools.. . 1,676 1,607 1,497 1,568 1,871 Teachers colleges and normal schools... . . 110 146 74 81 120 Junior colleges . . . . . . 1,042 928 810 817 700 versities, colleges, and professional schools, 85.3 percent ; teachers colleges and normal schools, 7.3 percent; and junior colleges, 7.4 percent. The number of persons conducting classes of less-than-college grade reported in 1947-48 was 5,111 (table VII) , which represents an increase of 836, or 19.6 percent, over the 4,275 reported in 1945- 46. The 1947-48 figure was 2.9 percent of the total of 179,315 per¬ sons engaged in resident instructional work of all levels (174,204 collegiate and 5,111 subcollegiate) . Students More than 2,600,000 persons above the secondary level were en¬ rolled as resident students in various higher educational institu¬ tions in continental United States in 1947-48 (table VIII). The exact figure of 2,616,262 represents an increase of 939,411, or 56.0 percent, over the enrollment of 1,676,851 reported for 1945-46. The 1947-48 figure is the largest in the history of American higher education ; it represents the greatest numerical and proportionate biennial increase reported to date. More than 950,000 students of college grade were registered for the summer sessions of 1947. Again, this is the largest enrollment reported to date; again, it represents the largest numerical and proportionate increase reported to date. Sex of Students Of the 2,616,262 resident students of college grade enrolled in the 1947-48 regular session, 1,836,339, or 70.2 percent, were men, and 779,923, or 29.8 percent, were women (tables IX and 2). A 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table VIII.— Summary of resident college enrollment , institutions of higher education , 1929—30 to 1947—48 Year Regular session Summer session1 Enroll¬ ment Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Enroll¬ ment Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1929-30... . 1,100,737 +46,782 +4.4 388,755 +4,900 +1.3 1931-32 . 1,154,117 +53,380 +4.9 414,260 +25,505 +6.6 1933-34 _ _ _ 1,055,360 -98,757 -8.6 303,754 -110,506 -26.7 1935-36 . . . . 1,208,227 +152,867 +14.5 370,026 +66,272 +21.8 1937-38 . 1,350,905 +142,678 +11.8 429,864 +59,838 +16.2 1939-40 . . . 1,494,203 +143,298 +10.6 456,679 [+26,815 +6.2 1941-42 _ _ _ _ _ 1,403,990 -90,213 -6.0 426,849 -29,830 -6.5 1943-44 . . . . 1,155,272 -248,718 -17.7 376,334 -50,515 -11.8 1945-46 . . . . 1,676,851 +521,579 +45.1 515,602 +139,268 +37.0 1947-48 _ _ 2,616,262 +939,411 +56.0 955,429 +439,827 +85.3 INCREASE 1930-48 _ 1,515,525 137.7 566,674 145.8 1938-48 . . 1,265,357 93.7 525,565 122.3 1940-48... . . . . 1,122,059 75.1 498,750 109.2 ! i Preceding the regular session, i.e., summer session for 1929 preceding the regular session 1929-30, etc. similar sex-ratio was observed for the college faculty : 73.0 percent men and 27.0 percent women. The unusually large percentage of men in the total student en¬ rollment is undoubtedly a reflection of the large enrollment of vet¬ erans of World War II. Although data are not available on total enrollment of veterans for the year, figures on enrollments for the fall of 1947 show that of the 2,339,292 students registered at that time, 1,122,738, or 48.0 percent, were veterans. Since 1,098,647 of these veterans were men, it is clear that men veterans constituted nearly half of the student registration at that time (the exact percentage was 47.0). Enrollments by Control and Level of Institution Over the years, there has been an increasing tendency for stu¬ dents to attend publicly controlled institutions of higher education rather than those under private control. Thus, in 1929-30, the first year for which definitive data are available, 48.8 percent of all regular session, resident college students were enrolled at institu¬ tions under public control. In 1931-32, only 48.1 percent were en¬ rolled at publicly controlled institutions, but from then on the percentage rose slowly to a peak of 53.3 in 1939-40. It then dropped to 48.1 in 1943-44, but has been moving up slowly since that date. In 1945-46 it stood at 49.7, and in 1947-48 at 50.7 (table IX) . HIGHER EDUCATION 13 Privately controlled universities, colleges, and professional schools showed a slightly larger enrollment than was shown by those under public control. In the junior college group, however, the proportions were reversed : there were nearly three times as many in public as in private institutions ; and in the teachers college and normal school group for every student in a privately controlled institution there were 17 in institutions under public control.6 In the 1947 summer sessions 53.5 percent of the entire enrollment was in publicly controlled institutions. As in the regular session, the university, college, and professional school group enrolled a Table IX.— Resident college enrollments , institutions of higher education , by- control and type of institution , and by sex of student , 2947-4# Item All institu¬ tions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions Enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent Enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent Enroll¬ ment Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. Regular session, 1947-48: Total enrollments . 2,616,262 100.0 1,326,147 50.7 1,290,115 49.3 Men . 1,836,339 70.2 930,665 35.6 905,674 34.6 Women . . 779,923 29.8 395,482 15.1 384,441 14.7 Universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools . . . 2,185,747 83.5 968,152 37.0 1,217,595 46.5 Men . 1,570,924 60.0 702,223 26.8 868,701 33.2 Women . 614,823 23.5 265,929 10.2 348,894 13.3 Teachers colleges and normal schools . . . 190,342 7.3 179,799 6.9 10,543 0.4 Men . . . 104,141 4.0 100,606 3.9 3,535 .1 Women . . 86,201 3.3 79,193 3.0 7,008 .3 Junior colleges - - 240,173 9.2 178,196 6.8 61,977 2.4 Men . . . . 161,274 6.2 127,836 4.9 33,438 1.3 Women... _ _ 78,899 3.0 50,360 1.9 28,539 1.1 II. Summer session, 1947: Total enrollments . 955,429 100.0 511,342 53.5 444,087 46.5 Men . . . 632,086 66.1 334,709 35.0 297,377 31.1 Women . . 323,343 33.9 176,633 18.5 146,710 15.4 Universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools . . 800,457 83.8 375,079 39.3 425,378 44.5 Men . 554,428 58.0 265,897 27.8 288,531 30.2 Women . . . 246,029 25.8 109,182 11.5 136,847 14.3 Teachers colleges and normal schools . . . 113,909 11.9 106,229 11.1 7,680 0.8 Men . 48,987 5.1 46,753 4.9 2,234 .2 Women . 64,922 6.8 59,476 6.2 5,446 .6 Junior colleges... . . . 41,063 IT 30,034 3.1 11,029 1~2 Men... . . . 28,671 3.0 22,059 2.3 6,612 .7 Women . . 12,392 1.3 7,975 .8 4,417 .5 6 The organizational classification of institutions used here is administrative rather than cur¬ ricular. As a rule, only about 50 percent of the Nation’s teachers are trained in teachers colleges and normal schools. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 larger number of students in privately controlled than in publicly controlled institutions, but the opposite was shown by the junior college and the teacher education groups. In this last-named group almost 14 times as many students were in publicly controlled schools as in those under private control.6 The 75.1 percent increase in total student registration from 1939-40 to 1947-48 was matched by one of 75.4 percent in under¬ graduate enrollments for the same period. It was somewhat larger than the increase of 64.4 percent in graduate enrollments. This increase in graduate enrollments was much greater among men than women, and slightly greater among publicly controlled institutions than among privately controlled. The percent of gradu¬ ate enrollment to total enrollment dropped from 7.1 in 1939-40 to 6.7 in 1947-48 (table X). Table X.— Resident college enrollment in higher education , by control of institu¬ tion and by classification and sex of students, 1939—40 and 1947—48 Item 1939-40 1947-48 Number1 Percent N umber Percent Of all students By control Of all students By control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I. All institutions _ . . . 1,497,945 100.0 2,616,262 100.0 Graduate students: Men _ _ . _ 67,628 38,491 831,043 560,783 4.5 2.6 55.5 37.4 120,177 54,255 1,716,162 725,668 4.6 2.1 65.6 27.7 Women... _ . _ _ _ Undergraduate students: Men _ . _ _ _ Women _ - _ II. Publicly controlled institu¬ tions _ . . 797,399 53.2 100.0 1,326,147 50.7 100.0 Graduate students: Men _ . _ _ _ . 30,106 14,588 442,656 310,049 2.0 1.0 29.5 20.7 3.8 1.8 55.5 38.9 51,004 22,591 879,661 372,891 2.0 .9 33.6 14.2 3.9 1.7 66.3 28.1 Women, _ _ _ .. Unergraduate students: Men _ Women _ _ _ . _ . III. Privately controlled institu- TIONS _ - -- - 700,546 46.8 100.0 1,290,115 49.3 100.0 Graduate students: Men _ . _ _ 37,522 23,903 388,387 250,734 2.5 1.6 26.0 16.7 5.4 3.4 55.4 35.8 69, 173 31,664 836,501 352,777 2.6 1.2 32.0 13.5 5.4 2.5 64.8 27.3 Women... Undergraduate students: Men... .. .. .. _ _ _ Women _ . _ _ _ _ 1 Includes some duplication ; the actual total enrollment reported for 1939-40 was 1,494,208. Regional Distribution of Enrollment The phenomenal increase in college enrollment, already noted in the present report, was observable all over the Nation (table XI). 6 The organizational classification of institutions used here is administrative rather than cur¬ ricular. As a rule, only about 50 percent of the Nation’s teachers are trained in teachers colleges and normal schools. HIGHER EDUCATION 15 Naturally it was not even ; it varied widely from State to State and from region to region. Thus, whereas the 1947-48 enrollment was more than twice that for 1929-30 for the Nation as a whole, it was more than three times the earlier figure in the Mountain States, and rose to a fivefold increase in Florida. On the other hand, the Dakotas showed only about a 50 percent increase. For the 10-year period from 1937-38 to 1947-48 increases were again reported in every State, although not, of course, to the same degree as was noted in the longer period. The 1947-48 total was nearly twice that of 1937-38 for the Nation at large, the exact percentage being 193.7. In the South Atlantic division the 1947-48 average was 207.9 percent of that for 1937-38, with Delaware reporting a 1947-48 enrollment 336.3 percent of its 1937-38 report. The West North Central States showed the least increase, North Dakota showing for 1947-48 only 132.0 percent of its report 10 years earlier. In the appraisal of these data, sight should not be lost of the non¬ local character of higher education; college students often cross State and regional lines. Enrollment Third Week of Fall Term Of the 2,616,262 students registered at institutions of higher education in 1947-48, it appears that 2,339,292, or 89.4 percent, were in residence the third week of the fall term (table XII) . This percentage is within two points of the peak of 91.3 percent re¬ ported for this item in 1939-40. This percentage may be looked upon as a more or less rough index of the stability of the higher- education population. The high percentage for 1947-48, coming as it did just after the lowest percentage on record up to that time, is evidence of the rapidity with which institutions of higher educa¬ tion and World War veterans enrolled in them adjusted to a vir¬ tually normal schedule of activity. First-Time Students Students enrolled for the first time in any college numbered 619,232 in 1947-48 (table XIII) . This was 23.7 percent of the total enrollment of 2,616,262, the lowest percentage reported up to the present. Information on the number of students enrolled for the first time in any college is valuable from several standpoints. First, as an absolute figure, it affords an opportunity for a rough guess as to the number who will graduate. Over the years from 35 to 50 per¬ cent of the students who enter college at a given date are likely to take their bachelor’s degrees in regular course 4 years later. Since this percentage fluctuates, however, any estimates based on it are tentative. Second, the figure affords a measure of the attracting Table XI. — Resident college enrollments , institutions of higher education , by division and State , 1929—30 and 1937—38 to 1947—48 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Percent 1947-48 is of — 1937-38 o 193.7 GO 00 NONOOCOOl 1 O H 00 » CO ^ _ ,-H ,-h ,-H oq • CO co cm co cm CM CO 00 00 1,168 17,109 27,122 CO 05 05 CD inT go 53,667 O OO 00 ^ ^ CO Cl CO N 00 O iO O 40 TtH ^ t- CO CO C- CO ^ l^- CO r^co co 05 to 05 OCDtJ^CD ^(NCOCO^ 82,863 4000*00000*^ Tt<0500^*OH CO O^NCOCOCO oo 40 40 CM** CM** H GO o 551 12,730 17,718 LC 1,403,990 90,491 40 CO 00 40 00 05 o CO a; 00 CO 00 40 40 40 CO T* 40 40 rH 283,155 183,166 21,692 78,297 304,462 81,674 34,156 97,861 61,831 28,940 146,663 31,522 27,489 37,046 7,032 6,206 14,168 23,200 164,072 1,116 17,441 25,881 1939-40 - 1,494,203 92,021 04 IN- 40 04 »0 O 05 05 t'** IN* 04 CO OOOON^OO CO 40 CO N 40 Ol 40 299,512 1 195,596 20,515 83,401 322,602 CO CO t>- CO CO CO O 05 t>T r-T o co ooco ©coco 163,531 t>- CO CO CM co 05 ^ t^iOC5COOON^ co *>• CO CO 40 40 CM cT o oo co co co cm ^ 4-hm 165,328 1,118 18,557 26,156 1929-30 | 1937-38 CO 1,350,905 87,611 CO 04 ^ co H 04 OOhhOOO CO 40 40 05 O 04 40 40 CO CO 40 40 290,797 193,473 19,706 77,618 287,271 o 00 CO Tt* CO t>» 40 CO CS| 40 t^40riHco^ iOOOOt^OO CO 05 40 ■3 a 3 ft c3 1 M >> £ 8 CS XI H Continental United States - - - ew England _ _ . _ _ Maine . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . Vermont... _ _ Massachusetts _ Rhode Island . . . . Connecticut _ _ _ _ _ tiDDLE Atlantic _ _ New York _ _ _ _ _ New Jersey _ Pennsylvania . . . . Iast North Central . . . . Ohio . . . . Indiana.. _ _ _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ _ Michigan . . . . . Wisconsin . . . . . . Zest North Central.. . . . . . Minnesota . . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ Missouri . . . . North Dakota . . . . South Dakota _ _ _ Nebraska _ Kansas _ _ _ outh Atlantic . . . . . . Delaware _ _ _ Maryland . Virginia . . . . OOOiONOS MNOO *>• 00 cO OJM ^ rc — — — cm co cm 00 00 166.5 197.1 207.6 177.7 197.2 HIG © oi t'd to £ j 2 ^ £? HE CO »o CM R EDUCATIi CO OO ’-h CO O 05 — ’ N i.O O N (M O CD — — CMCMCMCMCM — ON oo* o CM 188.3 197.6 214.9 t'991 180.8 153.9 583.2 168.0 176.1 MhOOM • O to © •<* GO GO oocoo>a — CO 219.9 197.3 226.8 241.9 210.3 283.9 OOOSNOO CO oo o od 04-0 — 00 CO CO 04 04 315.9 tDMOOOJHCON GO 05 O CM O 05* O GO tO CO tO CO CM CM CO 00 CMCMCOCO^COCO — 289.4 255.6 238.7 306.8 198.1 494.1 388.4 1 CO ! ^ od i — 05 1 T*« — t ^-05*0 zO 00 - M — OO’N^^OO t>- CO °0 ^ 50 tO © 137,946 33,293 46,480 36,991 21,182 247,249 21,061 41,248 50,083 134,857 109,708 10,072 9,121 4,119 7,480 11,091 12,314 23,537 1,974 oo 00 to 00 CM 45, 753 28,153 211,972 6,736 12,724 334 834 4,162 7,394 © rt< CO CM O •O ^ OO to CO r» o GT. 00 oo © t^co co jo 84,154 22,000 28,933 20,490 12,731 153,028 10,288 28,251 28,390 86,099 65,662 C0^T^05OC0»0 — O CO to CO CO CM tO CO CM tJ* CO O CO 00 — CM »C iO CM »C »C to »C — CM — 172,870 27,980 17,383 127,507 5,465 73,144 9,589 151 588 3,748 5,102 7,263 22,076 10,919 15,536 6,728 17,560 CO QG o lO 12,019 15,074 11,569 6,421 79,157 O 05 to CO CO — — O T* CM CO oo »C to 04 lO 28,864 2,923 2,596 763 10,514 1,961 3,187 6,448 472 90,341 13,014 7,539 69,788 5,851 6,805 289 118 2,014 4,384 14,444 12,935 32,118 32,079 15,914 16,696 23,229 : 23,826 11,473 j 11,384 22,319 22,714 73,632 19,561 23,430 18,628 12,013 132,427 05 t>- CO tO N©Oh —* ^ CO oTcOI>TcM* C4C4N 1 090 ‘£9 6,191 5,656 2,001 16,563 4,219 5,316 11,042 1,072 151,929 22,624 15,230 114,075 5,099 7,520 00*0 00 05 TJ4 CO CM CM — * CO T'- CM** 81,673 22,414 25,253 19,987 14,019 144,384 10,928 25,996 32,908 74,552 58,169 | »OW3tJ- r>- 05 ^ CO cri cr. oc NOl KOTfOO 03 03 lO 00 O O 03 03 05 O O 05 03 l"'* •o I O — r-MW if *8 S 03^2 ° « = S3 « S.g C bf .. 1 ©— ! S 0 to b A*: *s..gr§ 3 S 8 f 8.*g £§£sjTl |b coH ~ r- ^ tfi 2 £.9 J x •J cr. C © fl c ty fl) O 0OT3TJ sis ? I 5 « .2 S ■ M -5 oa s | 8 -g oo t>T c3 *-.!£ © crt ^ o *-« a • oo |g ll-2 £ o c 3liii| ^S^c2g 3. SO® ,5 | a CO w 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table XVII.— Historical summary of earned degrees , institutions of higher education , by level of degree , 1899—1900 to 1947-48 Year 1 1899-1900 _ 1909-10 . 1919-20 . 1929-30 . 1931-32. . 1933-34 . 1935-36 . 1937-38 . . 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44 . . 1945-46 _ 1947-48: Total. Men _ Women. Degrees conferred, by level Percent of total Total Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 29,362 27,410 1,583 369 93.3 5.4 1.3 41,399 37,199 3,771 429 89.9 9.1 1.0 53,455 48,622 4,143 690 91.0 7.7 1.3 139,752 122,484 14,969 2,299 87.6 10.7 1.7 160,084 138,063 19,367 2,654 86.2 12.1 1.7 157,279 136,156 18,293 2,830 86.6 11.6 1.8 164,197 143,125 18,302 2,770 87.2 11.1 1.7 189,503 164,943 21,628 2,932 87.0 11.4 1.6 216,521 186,500 26,731 3,290 86.1 12.4 1.5 213,491 185,346 24,648 3,497 86.8 11.6 1.6 141,582 125,863 13,414 2,305 88.9 9.5 1.6 157,349 136,174 19,209 1,966 86.5 12.2 1.3 317,607 271,019 42,400 4,188 85.3 13.4 1.3 208,042 175,456 28,899 3,687 84.3 13.9 1.8 109,565 95,563 13,501 501 87.2 12.3 .5 from 1.26 percent of the 1899-1900 total to 1.82 percent of that for 1947-48. Men outnumbered women in conferral of earned degrees at every level and in every geographic division of the Nation. Although data have not been assembled to establish the point conclusively, it appears that conferral of bachelor’s degrees by sex was roughly in proportion to enrollment of students by sex in the various States. In 1947-48 the number of bachelor’s degrees conferred on men was 160.2 percent of the number conferred in 1939-40; the cor¬ responding percent for women was 124.2. Percentages for the mas¬ ter’s degree for the same period were : men 175.1 and women 130.1. At the level of the doctorate the corresponding percentages were : men 128.9 and women 116.8 (table XVIII). Thus, considering the Nation as a whole, from 1939-40 to 1947-48, conferral of degrees on men increased more rapidly than conferral on women. This was true at each of the three levels. It is only fair to repeat the caution already given that many per¬ sons cross State lines in search of a college education. The figures given in table XVIII represent conferrals by location of institution, not by residence of persons taking degrees. Income Receipts collected at the business office of a modern institution of higher education are commonly classified into five groups, accord¬ ing to the purpose for which they are collected. These groups, known technically as funds, are : current funds, loan funds, endow- HIGHER EDUCATION 27 ment and other nonexpendable funds, plant funds, and agency funds. Current Income Current funds are those which are available for the immediate or recurrent purposes of the institution, such as salaries, travel of employees, purchase of supplies or materials for immediate use in classrooms, libraries, or offices, purchase of food for dining halls, and similar items, whether for educational or other purposes. These current funds are usually subdivided into (1) educational and gen¬ eral funds, (2) auxiliary enterprises and activities funds, and (3) other noneducational funds. Loan funds are those funds the principal of which may be lent to students to assist them in defraying their expenses while in school. Endowment and other nonexpendable funds are those funds the principal of which is to be invested, the income of which alone being available for the current purposes of the institution. Endow¬ ment funds may be restricted in their purpose (interest usable only for certain specified purposes) or unrestricted (interest usable for any legitimate activity of the institution). Under normal condi¬ tions, the total of these funds does not decrease from year to year. Plant funds are those funds which have been or are to be in¬ vested in buildings, grounds, library books, equipment, and other elements making up the physical plant of an institution. Agency funds are those funds left in the custody of the institu¬ tion by various persons or organizations, but not expendable by the institution except on written authority from the person or organi¬ zation concerned. In other words, they are funds on deposit with the institution’s treasurer. Since they are really not the property of the institution, it has never been the policy of the Office of Edu¬ cation to collect data on them. The present report therefore includes no analysis of these funds. Educational and General Fund Income Educational and general income is that income which is available for those regular and customary activities of an institution which are part of, contributory to, and/or necessary to its instructional or research program. These activities, usually spoken of as functions, are discussed in some detail in the section on educational expendi¬ tures. The income of institutions of higher education available for edu¬ cational and general purposes and for other noneducational pur¬ poses amounted to $1,538,076,513 in 1947-48. Of this amount, $18,624,000 was reported for the four United States service academies. The net for the 1,784 non-Federal institutions was 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 HIGHER EDUCATION 29 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 $1,519,452,513 (table XIX), which exceeded the 1945-46 total of $923,800,533 by $595,651,980, or 64.5 percent. This may be com¬ pared with the 56.0 percent increase in student enrollment, already noted, for the 2-year period. When the educational and general income for 1947-48 is com¬ pared regionally with that for 1939-40 (table XIX), sizable in¬ creases are apparent in every division. The lowest percent of increase is reported from New England, where the 1947-48 total is only 2 y3 times that for 1939-40. The greatest proportionate in¬ crease occurred in the 3 Pacific Coast States. Here the 1947-48 total was nearly 3% times that for 1939-40. Table XIX.— Educational and general income of non-Federal institutions of higher education , by geographic division , 1939-40 to 1947—48 Geographic division 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 Amount Percent of 1939-40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States _ $563,098,683 $618,106,388 $863,653,882 $923,800,533 $1,519,452,513 269.8 New England . - __ _ 57,508,119 120,784,544 114,465,551 61,777,852 61,399,505 29,282,101 45,552,253 20,162,087 52,166,671 61,881,286 129,404,957 128,017,117 65,626,646 69,271,459 31,860,357 49,094,927 22,603,501 60,346,138 72,670,268 160,368,732 180,467,631 92,944,231 94,929,782 43,987,598 66,966,369 34,221,831 117,097,440 76,344,784 168,018,951 172,301,244 81,998,246 99,800,122 40,621,023 69,459,319 30,543,094 105,942,360 78,771,390 134,430,519 300,085,192 326,587,939 154,824,675 172,595,125 74,378,539 118,855,270 56,992,698 180,702,556 233.8 248.4 285.3 250.6 281.1 254.0 260.9 282.7 346.4 Middle Atlantic East North Central _ West North Central _ South Atlantic _ _ East South Central _ West South Central _ _ - Mountain _ Pacific _ _ Institutions not reporting (estimated) Per capita income . — One measure of the comparative support received by higher education in the various States is the receipts per capita from current sources. In the selection of data for a com¬ parison of this nature, certain arbitrary measures are necessary. Thus, per capita may be measured in terms of students enrolled or in terms of total population, as well as in various modifications of either of these criteria. Each of these criteria has its faults as well as its merits. In the present report, two measures are used : ( 1 ) Total civilian population as of July 1, 1947, by division and State; and (2) total resident college enrollments for the regular session 1947-48, also by division and State. When these are used as divi¬ sors against such items as public funds and private gifts and grants, certain facts develop (table XX) . In 1947-48 the total contribution of all types of government (Federal, State, and local) to non-federally controlled institutions of higher education amounted to $6.33 for each civilian person HIGHER EDUCATION 31 resident in the United States on July 1, 1947. This amount was nearly double that reported for 1945-46 and is the highest figure of its kind to date. Total governmental contributions ranged in amount from $3.52 per capita in New Jersey to $11.17 in Utah, with a median of $6.42. Quartiles 1 and 3 (not shown in the table) were $8.13 and $4.78, respectively. Of the $6.33 reported for the year under review, $3.54 came from the Federal Government. This amount included $2.54 for veterans’ educational fees under the so-called G.I. laws, but did not include payment of veterans’ sub¬ sistence allowances, which did not pass through the college business officers’ hands. The other $1 per capita from the Federal Govern¬ ment was contribution of a general type, such as land-grant college subvention and payment for special research projects. This amount was only a few cents more than the corresponding figure of 94 cents for 1945-46. State governments increased their per capita contributions from $1.61 in 1945-46 to $2.46 in 1947-48. The 1947-48 contributions ranged from nothing in the District of Columbia (which is not organized as a State) and 79 cents in Massachusetts to $7.21 in Utah. The median contribution was $2.85 with quartiles 1 and 3 at $1.71 and $3.90, respectively. Contributions of local governments increased from 21 cents per capita in 1945-46 to 33 cents in 1948. The largest contribution from this source was $1.28 in California, a State in which locally con¬ trolled junior colleges are numerous. No contributions at all from this source were reported from Rhode Island, South Dakota, or Nevada. The smallest actual contribution was reported from North Carolina : less than one-half cent. Private gifts and grants per capita ranged from nothing in Ari¬ zona and Nevada to $1.62 in Utah and $2.09 in the District of Columbia. The average for the Nation was 64 cents and the median 48 cents. A somewhat more defensible measure of private philan¬ thropy, however, is obtained by comparing private gifts and grants with students enrolled. Column 8 of table XX shows that for every student registered at an institution of higher education in 1947-48, private gifts and grants amounting to $35.05 were received. This was somewhat less than the average of $43.49 reported from this source in 1945-46. The 1947-48 figures for individual regions showed a wide range: from $18.97 in the West South Central divi¬ sion to $62.10 in New England. Among the States these per capita contributions ranged from nothing in Arizona and Nevada and $2.20 in North Dakota to $94.68 in Connecticut. The median was $28.85 and the 1st and 3d quartiles $18.93 and $39.77, respectively. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Ttible XX,— Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants, non~Federal institutions of higher education , 1947—48 Current receipts per capita of total population Publio sources State, by geographic division Federal Govern¬ ment Private gifts and grants Private gifts and grants per Total Veterans' educa¬ tional student fees Other ourrent purposes State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments student enrolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States . . $6.33 $2.54 $1.00 $2.46 $0.33 $0.64 $35.05 New England . 6.78 3.57 1.95 1.19 0.07 1.10 62.10 Maine _ _ 4.30 2.26 .50 1.50 .04 .15 13.98 New Hampshire. . 6.73 3.86 .70 2.08 .09 1.29 79.48 Vermont . . 5.83 3.10 .94 1.59 .20 1.01 52.68 Massachusetts . __ 8.20 4.00 3.37 .79 .04 1.26 60.55 Rhode Island . 6.06 3.77 .80 1.49 .00 .58 33.32 Connecticut . . 5.04 3.10 .22 1.67 .15 1.31 94.68 Middle Atlantic. . . . 5.62 3.06 0.89 1.08 0.49 0.66 35.37 New York.... . 6.05 3.74 1.24 .99 .98 .84 35.49 New Jersey . 3.52 1.73 .61 1.11 .07 .23 21.19 Pennsylvania . 4.43 2.69 .54 1.19 .01 .59 39.54 East North Central _ 6.49 2.46 0.79 2.93 0.31 0.81 42.47 Ohio . 4.40 2.04 .24 1.87 .25 .80 41.19 Indiana . 6.18 2.46 .52 3.13 .07 .61 33.50 Illinois . . 8.63 2.79 2.03 3.47 .34 1.20 55.81 Michigan . 6.57 2.54 .27 3.12 .64 .45 25.17 Wisconsin _ 6.33 2.46 .34 3.50 .03 .81 49.91 West North Central . 7.05 2.61 0.68 3.53 0.23 0.69 36.78 Minnesota . . 7.14 2.33 .77 3.84 .20 1.04 52.23 Iowa. . 8.20 2.99 .77 4.38 .06 .65 35.05 Missouri... . . 5.71 2.96 .50 2.00 .25 .69 39.67 North Dakota. . 9.63 1.31 1.09 7.19 .04 2.20 8outh Dakota . 6.56 2.16 1.13 3.27 .00 .31 18.38 Nebraska . 7.17 2.97 .65 3.24 .31 47 25.08 Kansas . 7.42 2.08 .57 4.21 .56 .66 31.58 South Atlantic... . . 4.86 1.97 0.74 2.08 0.07 0.52 32.57 Delaware . 4.89 1.16 1.05 2.66 .02 .24 21.22 Maryland . 6.11 1.85 1.70 2.48 .08 1.10 72.07 Virginia . 3.89 1.46 .51 1.91 .01 .30 22.80 West Virginia . 4.41 1.41 .42 2.57 .01 .14 11.98 North Carolina . 3.96 1.76 .60 1.60 0) .44 33.94 South Carolina . 4.82 1.79 .61 2.37 .05 .59 40.76 Georgia . 3.69 1.93 .48 1.21 .07 .43 29.82 Florida . 6.73 2.48 .25 3.91 .09 .18 12.62 District of Columbia . 9.12 5.47 3.00 .00 .65 2.09 35.43 East South Central . 4.21 1.70 0.57 1.75 0.19 0.46 35.80 Kentucky . . 3.71 1.48 .52 1.57 .14 .57 47.76 Tennessee . 4.04 1.89 .52 1.61 .02 .55 36.16 Alabama . 5.27 2.10 .60 2.39 .18 .44 33.32 Mississippi . 3.67 1.14 .68 1.33 .52 .21 20.53 West South Central. . 6.04 2.24 0.56 3.06 o7l8~ 0.34 18.97 Arkansas . 4.04 1.04 .72 2.26 .02 .20 17.98 Louisiana . 6.47 1.78 .55 4.09 .05 .38 23.76 Oklahoma . 6.80 2.82 .51 3.46 .01 .16 7.39 Texas . 6,18 2.53 .54 . 2.79 . .32 .42 21.96 1 Lees than half of 1 cent. HIGHER EDUCATION 33 Table XX.— Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants , non-Federal institutions of higher education , 1947—48—cont’d Current receipts per capita of total population Public sources State, by geographic division Total Federal Govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Private gifts and grants per student enrolled Veterans’ educa¬ tional student fees Other current purposes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mountain . 9.01 3.12 0.99 4.62 0.28 0.48 19.08 Montana . . . 8.27 3.13 .91 4.20 03 .32 15.73 Idaho . . 7.87 1.64 .96 4.79 .28 .47 24.98 Wyoming _ 9.38 2.45 1.51 5.21 .21 .32 21.48 Colorado _ _ 10.23 4.99 1.06 3.74 .44 .46 14.11 New Mexico _ _ 8.15 2.76 .82 4.21 .36 .10 4.94 Arizona . . . 6.56 2.03 .56 3.52 .45 .00 .00 Utah . . . 11.17 2.84 1.07 7.21 .05 1.62 43.99 Nevada . . . 10.67 1.84 ( 2.17 6.66 .00 .00 .00 Pacific . . . 9.86 2.49 2.48 3.91 0.98 0.53 25.05 Washington . 8.70 1.65 .48 6.40 .17 .51 24.79 Oregon... . 5.79 2.31 .46 2.86 .16 .18 9.69 California _ _ 10.74 2.71 3.24 3.51 1.28 .58 27.15 Range: Highest . . . 11.17 5.47 3.37 7.21 1.28 2.09 94.68 Lowest . . . 3.52 1.04 .24 .00 .00 .00 .00 Median . . . 6.42 2.33 .80 2.85 .09 .48 28.85 i Less than half of 1 cent. Percentage analysis of current income. — The income of higher educational institutions for educational and general purposes and for noneducational purposes comes from three main types of sources: internal, philanthropic, and public or governmental. In¬ ternal sources include student fees for educational and similar pur¬ poses, sales and services of instructional departments and related activities, and miscellaneous sources (such as rent of auditoriums, interest on current funds, etc.). Philanthropic sources include gifts, grants, donations, etc., from individuals or organizations of a voluntary or nonpublic type ; bequests ; and other contributions of this type intended for current use (present philanthropy) ; and earnings of endowment and other nonexpendable funds (the out¬ come of past philanthropy). Public sources include appropriations, tax levies, and other contributions from the United States Govern¬ ment, State governments, and from city, county, district, or other local governments. When the current educational and general and noneducational income for 1947-48 is analyzed alongside those for 1937-38 and 1927-28, certain facts develop (table XXI) : 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 (1) Internal sources. Dependence of higher education on in¬ ternal sources (student fees, sales and services, and miscellaneous sources) seems to be either increasing or decreasing, according to one’s individual interpretation of certain of the data. As the figures stand in table XXI, these sources yielded 46.5 percent of the 1927- 28 total and 42.6 percent of that for 1937-38, but only 29.3 percent of that for 1947-48. These figures, however, do not tell the entire story, particularly in connection with the student fees item. This item includes only receipts from or on behalf of students not eligible for or not claiming the benefits of the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (P. L. 346, 79th Congress, commonly known as the G.I. Bill) and its companion Act (P. L. 16, same Congress) . Collections or accruals from the Federal Government under those acts are reported under the heading of ‘‘public sources,” below. They amounted to $364,726,967 in 1947-48, which consti¬ tuted 23.3 percent of the total of educational and general and non- educational income for that year. If these collections are deducted from the public sources total and added to that of student fees in the internal sources group, the student fees percentage changes from 19.5 to 42.8. The 1947-48 percentage for internal sources likewise changes from 29.3 to 52.6 and that for public sources drops from 59.3 to 36.0. Sales and services and other miscellaneous sources accounted for 15.9 percent of the total for 1927-28, dropped to 8.2 percent for 1937-38, and increased only slightly, to 9.8 percent for 1947-48. Although it is probably true that some of this irregularity of trend is attributable to changes in accounting procedures during the 20-year interval, it is also quite possible that there has actually been an increasing stress on other sources of income. (2) Philanthropy. At best a minor source of income, philan¬ thropy has pursued a rather indefinite course during the two dec¬ ades under review. Private gifts and grants increased somewhat in importance from 1927-28 to 1937-38, then dropped back in 1947-48 to a portion of the total only slightly larger than was shown 20 years earlier. Endowment earnings increased slightly the first decade, then dropped sharply in 1947-48. ( 3 ) Public sources. The possibility of differences in interpret¬ ing these items has already been mentioned Nevertheless, even after the sum paid for veterans’ tuition and fees by the Federal Government is moved to the student fees item, the Federal Govern¬ ment’s contribution still stands at 10.4 percent of the total — as compared with 4.1 percent of that for 1927-28 and 5.6 percent of that for 1937-38. It is noticeable, however, that although institu¬ tions are dependent on public sources for more than one-third of HIGHER EDUCATION 35 their income (even when veterans’ tuition and fees are disre¬ garded), their dependence on State and local sources, although increasing noticeably in amount, is decreasing in comparative im¬ portance. These sources together yielded 30.2 percent of the total 20 years ago, 31.2 percent in 1937-38, but only 25.6 percent in 1947-48. Table XXI.— Educational and general , and noneducational income , institutions of higher education , by source , 1927—28 , 1937—38 , and 1947-48 Item 1927-28 1937-38 1947-48 1 2 3 4 Number of institutions _ 1,216 1,586 1 1,788 Amount1 $421,893 $522,108 $1,561,897 Internal sources - - - . 196,093 222,151 457,471 Student fees - - - - - 129,107 178,996 304,601 Sales and services - - - - - - — 27,947 92,725 Miscellaneous sources . . . . - - - - - - - uu, you \ 15,208 60, 145 Philanthropic sources _ _ _ _ . - 81,003 107,562 178,148 Private gifts and grants . . . . . . 22,218 36,908 91,468 Endowment earnings - - - - 58,785 70, 654 86,680 Public sources _ _ _ _ - - - 144,797 192,395 * 926,278 Federal Government... - - - - - - - 17,387 29,345 3 526,476 State governments . . . . . . > 127 4 ml 140,959 352,281 Local governments _ _ _ i t , 1 vS 22,091 47,521 Percent* Total income _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 Internal sources - - - - - - - 46.5 42.6 29.3 Student fees . . . . . ... . 30.6 34.3 19.5 Sales and services . . . . . 1 15 9/ 5.4 5.9 Miscellaneous sources _ _ _ _ 1°'9\ 2.9 3.9 Philanthropic sources - - - - - 19.2 20.6 11.4 Private gifts and grants _ 5.3 7.1 5.9 Endowment earnings _ _ _ ... . . . _ 13.9 13.5 5.5 Public sources... . . . . . _ _ _ 34.3 36.8 3 59.3 Federal Government . . . . 4. 1 5.6 3 33.7 State governments.. . . . . . \ 30 2! 27.0 22.6 Local governments . . . . 30. 2^ 4.2 3.0 1 In thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted. 2 Includes $364,727,000 (23.3 percent of total) payments by Federal Government for tuition and fees of veterans of World War II ; no comparable item in 1927-28 or 1937-38. 3 Calculated from rounded figures. When the 1947-48 income of all institutions (including $18,624,000 in Federal funds for the U. S. Service academies) is tabulated by control of institutions and when these different tabu¬ lations are analyzed percentage-wise, certain other facts develop (table XXII) : Table XXII.— Percentage analysis of current income , institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution , and by fund and source of income , 1947-48 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 3 g a s2|J o ® 2 ■E a a I as 3^ 9 ^3 fl 030—1 O kO 00 00 0^0 00 05 cd © O id -* T* o’ co 03 r^. 03 ©05© 03 05»003c0 rH M (N N N ^ CO N > lO t>- CO © - rcqcoc 03 05 CO 03 ZZ TO ^ ® a h i.a OO^MCOOfflC OO 00 t'- © IS- CO Is* tJH ^HHndddci T-H 03 i-h 03 i 00 03 I— co 03 o > > § m-o a g g.g ®- s - - “ H>~ 3-5 "** j3 <5 QJ ^ U w co ■g g'S.Eijj.l H f 8>S ® ■gsi St3 ® fl.S § $ a •■g.a § cS >H-r3 -d ® § ® "and 3 ® § o >>o H 3 « — <3 ° > fl'a o o §> -g ® 3^ ■§ 03^0 S «OQfe 02 OS 0*0 WW p»S®g S S«-2 8 fl O 05 > 03 +5 M ^ 3 | gs 8 8 al.gg.3 3 O ?5 ji ® g’g.^8 Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ 408,358 | 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 (1) Although only 35.2 percent of the institutions were under public control in 1947-48, they enrolled 50.7 percent of the students, employed 50.4 percent of the staff, and received 52.7 percent of the income for educational and general purposes. (2) Almost one-third (30.8 percent) of the educational and general income of privately controlled institutions was paid in by students as fees for matriculation, tuition, etc.; only one-tenth (10.4 percent) of the corresponding income of publicly controlled institutions was from students. If, however, payment of veterans’ tuition and fees by the Federal Government is added to the pay¬ ment by nonveteran students, these percentages become 58.3 for private and 30.3 for public institutions. In like manner, for every dollar paid in as educational fees by students themselves at public institutions, $2.60 was paid in at private institutions ; adding in the payments by the Federal Gov¬ ernment on behalf of veterans, this ratio becomes $1 at public in¬ stitutions to $1.73 at those under private control. (3) For every dollar of endowment earnings received at public institutions, $9.95 was received at private institutions. Of this $9.95, nearly all — $9.81 — was collected by private universities, col¬ leges, and professional schools. (4) The increasing importance of contributions by the Federal Government to higher education has already been noted. This con¬ tribution amounted to more than $526,000,000 and was divided among institutions in nearly the same ratio as staff and enroll¬ ment: 48.2 percent to public institutions and 51.8 percent to those under private control. Division of this income by purpose, however, varied with the control of institutions. Of the approximately $254,000,000 con¬ tributed to institutions under public control, nearly three-eighths (36.6 percent) was for purposes other than veterans’ education; but of the approximately $272,500,000 contributed to privately controlled institutions, only about one-fourth (25.3 percent) was for general purposes. In 1927-28 privately controlled institutions received 5.0 percent of all Federal funds contributed to higher education; in 1937-38 their share was 7.3 percent; and in 1947-48 they received 42.6 percent of the Federal funds available for general purposes, not counting contributions for tuition of veterans of World War II. If payments of this sort are included, the private institutions’ share of the augmented total for 1947-48 becomes 51.8. (5) In 1927-28 privately controlled institutions received 3.2 percent of all State and local funds going to higher education ; in 1937-38 this percent was 4.7 ; and in 1947-48 it was 5.1. HIGHER EDUCATION 39 (6) Private gifts and grants for current purposes followed the opposite trend: in 1927-28 privately controlled institutions re¬ ceived 90.1 percent of the total; in 1937-38, 87.7 percent; and in 1947-48, 84.1. (7) Thus it appears that the fading line between control and support of higher education, first remarked on by this Office in 1940, 8 is becoming less and less distinct, with publicly controlled in¬ stitutions receiving a constantly increasing share of private gifts and privately controlled institutions receiving an ever-increasing share of public funds. A comparison of institutions by level or type brings out other differences in sources of income. Public sources accounted for three-fifths (60.2 percent) of the educational and general income of all institutions of higher education for 1947-48. This contribu¬ tion was highest among teachers colleges and normal schools, where it reached 79.3 percent, this high percent being a reflection of the fact that 19 out of every 20 (94.5 percent) of all students in these institutions are in those under public control. J unior colleges received 64.9 percent of their income from public sources, and degree-granting universities, colleges, and professional schools (exclusive of teachers colleges) received 58.6 percent of their income from these sources. These figures included payments by the Federal Government for veterans’ tuition and fees. Excluding these payments, which under previously normal conditions would have come from students, the percentages for other payments from all public sources would be¬ come : all institutions, 36.5 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, 60.9; junior colleges, 40.9; and universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools, 34.6. Analysis of the total public contributions by governmental level reveals some striking differences : local governments supplied 22.4 percent of the educational and general income of junior colleges, but only 1.7 percent of that of all other institutions as a whole. There is reason to believe that other elements (size of student body or geographic region, for example) may bear some relation to distribution of income by source. In some localities the publicly controlled junior colleges charge moderate student fees or none at all ; in others the privately controlled institutions of all types re¬ ceive public appropriations as a matter of tradition. The present report, however, does not include detailed analyses of any of these other elements. Student fees. — Income from students for fees (including matric- 8 Badger, Henry G., and Kelly, Frederick J. College Income and Expenditures 1939-40. Federal Security Agency, Office of Education Circular No. 188 (November 1940) , p. 7. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 illation, tuition, laboratory, library, health, and other fees, but not room or meal charges) amounted to $304,600,958 in 1947-48. This represents an increase of $90,256,764, or 42.1 percent, over the $214,344,194 reported for 1945-46. Of the 1947-48 total for student fees, $84,517,687, or 27.7 percent, was received by publicly controlled institutions, and $220,083,271, or 72.3 percent, by institutions under the control of churches and other nongovernmental organizations. Universities, colleges, and professional schools received 87.3 percent of the total ; junior colleges 7.9 percent; and teachers colleges and normal schools 4.8 percent. The figures on student fees just given do not include $364,726,967 paid by the Federal Government for tuition and fees (not subsist¬ ence) of World War II veterans. Of this amount $161,082,216 was paid in at publicly controlled institutions and $203,644,751 at those under private control. If these figures are added to the tuition and fees paid by the students themselves, the resulting totals of tuition and fees paid by or for students become: public institutions $245,599,903, or 36.7 percent, and private institutions $423,728,022, or 63.3 percent, making a total of $669,327,925. Public sources. — The total amount of contributions by the Fed¬ eral Government, the several States, and counties, cities, or school districts toward the support of higher education amounted to $926,276,942 in 1947-48. This is a little more than twice the $453,416,207 reported for these items in 1945-46. Of the $926,276,942 just mentioned, payments by the Federal Government for educational fees (not subsistence) of veterans of World War II amounting to $364,726,967, or 23.7 percent of the total of educational and general income, have already been noted. Since these payments were conditioned on the rendering of a specific service by higher educational institutions to persons to whom the Government recognizes an obligation, they are not a subsidy to higher education in the commonly accepted sense. It is therefore not surprising to find these payments distributed among the various types of institutions largely on the basis of availability of instruction of various types and for the various professions. Contributions of the Federal Government for research and other current purposes amounted to $161,748,355 in 1947-48. This is 18.9 percent more than the $136,075,854 reported for 1945-46, but only a little more than half (52.5 percent) of the $308,163,199 for 1943-44. The 1947-48 figure included $95,231,598 for research and $66,516,757 for other purposes. Corresponding details of the 1945- 46 figures are not available. Income from State governments increased from $225,161,280 in HIGHER EDUCATION 41 1945-46 to $352,280,249 in 1947-48. This increase of 56.5 percent may be compared with the increase of 57.9 percent in enrollment in publicly controlled universities, colleges, and professional schools, and that of 62.0 percent in publicly controlled teachers colleges and normal schools. The total increase in attendance for these two groups of institutions was 58.5 percent. If publicly controlled junior colleges, with an increase of 62.5 percent in enrollment, are included in these figures, the percent of increase in enrollment at all publicly controlled institutions of higher education becomes 59.0. State contributions to junior colleges in 1947-48 amounted to $16,938,803, or 4.8 percent of the total of contributions from this source. Contributions of local governments (counties, cities, school dis¬ tricts, etc.) amounted to $47,521,371, or 3.1 percent of the total of educational and general income for 1947-48. The $47,521,371 just referred to represents an increase of 53.3 percent over the $31,004,711 reported for 1945-46 and 79.7 percent over the $26,448,656 reported for 1943-44. Of the 1947-48 figure given above, $47,239,838, or 99.4 percent, was received by institutions under public control. The remaining $281,533, or 0.6 of 1 percent, was reported by institutions under private control. Of the total of $47,521,371, more than $23,500,000 was reported by universities, colleges, and professional schools, including nearly $14,000,000 for the city colleges in New York City. Nearly $21,000,000 was received by junior colleges, and a little more than $3,000,000 by teachers colleges and normal schools. Endowment earnings. — Earnings of endowment and other non¬ expendable funds totaled $86,679,165 in 1947-48, representing a decrease of $3,083,678, or 3.4 percent from the $89,762,843 re¬ ported for this item in 1945-46. It is noteworthy that this decrease was proportionately greater in the publicly controlled institutions (10.4 percent) than in those under private control (2.7 percent). In similar fashion, whereas privately controlled institutions re¬ ceived 88.5 percent of the total of endowment earnings of all higher education in 1943-44, they received 90.2 percent of the total for 1945-46 and 90.9 percent of that for 1947-48. Private gifts and grants. — Contributions of individuals, church¬ es, and philanthropic organizations to higher education amounted to $91,467,072, which was just 6.0 percent of the total educational and general income in 1947-48. This represents an increase of $13,894,872, or 17.9 percent, over the $77,572,200 reported for 1945-46, and an increase of $41,017,840, or 81.3 percent, over the corresponding figure for 1943-44. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Publicly controlled institutions reported 15.9 percent of the total of private gifts and grants for 1947-48, as contrasted with 16.4 percent for 1945-46 and 17.4 percent for 1943-44. For earlier years, corresponding percentages were : for 1937-38, 12.3 ; and for 1927-28, 9.9. Thus, whereas 20 years ago a little less than 1 in every $10 given to higher education in private philanthropy went to pub¬ licly controlled institutions, 10 years ago the ratio was approxi¬ mately 1 in 8, and in 1947-48, it was 1 in 6. Of special interest is another 20-year comparison : From 1927-28 to 1947-48 private gifts to public institutions increased from $2,198,110 to $14,555,872. Gifts from these same sources to private institutions increased from $20,019,905 to $76,911,200. Total gifts to institutions of both types increased from $22,218,015 to $91,467,072. Thus, gifts to public institutions increased more than fivefold, those to private institutions a little less than threefold, and the total of all gifts a little more than threefold. Data have not been tabulated to show the total estimated value of nonsalaried service rendered by religious or philanthropically minded personnel at institutions of higher education in 1947-48. If the same relation existed between this type and other types of private gifts as in past years, it is safe to assume that this service was worth not less than $14,500,000 during 1947-48, and may have been worth more. Sales and services. — Sales and services of instructional depart¬ ments and of organized activities related to them are frequently referred to briefly as Sales and Services of Related Activities. The term includes all the incidental earnings of an institution, such as sales of livestock or dairy products of an agricultural school, charges for transcripts of credits from the registrar’s office, income of a laboratory school, demonstration school, museum, etc. The item is a comparatively new one in higher education accounting. Its first appearance in a report of this Office was in the one for 1931-32. Prior to that time, income belonging under this heading was classified under the heading “Miscellaneous Receipts From All Other Sources.” Income from sales and services amounted to $92,725,064 and accounted for 6.0 percent of the total educational and general in¬ come of the 1,788 institutions under review. The amount reported for the institutions under public control was $53,281,218, or 6.6 percent of the educational and general total for those institutions, for the privately controlled group the total was $39,443,846 and the percent was 5.4. The total for all institutions represents an increase of 38.2 percent over the corresponding figure for 1945-46. Miscellaneous income.— The miscellaneous income account of an HIGHER EDUCATION 43 institution of higher education includes that income which is either so incidental in its nature, so irregular in its frequency, or so minor in its amount as to make its classification difficult or impractical. The two most common sources are probably interest on current funds (not interest on funds which are regularly or usually in¬ vested) and rent of institutional property for noninstitutional pur¬ poses (as, for example, the rent of a college dormitory or audito¬ rium for a conference on religious, social, or other matters not specifically included in the institution’s instructional program). This miscellaneous income amounted to $36,326,456 in 1948. This is nearly 60 percent more than the $22,779,116 reported in 1945-46. Although the 1947-48 figure, running as it does more than $36,000,000, may look rather large as an absolute figure, it actually represented only 2.4 percent of the total of all educational and general income for the year. Total educational and general income— The $1,538,075,657 re¬ ported as income for educational and general and for noneduca¬ tional purposes amounted to 75.9 percent of the total current in¬ come for 1947-48, which came to $2,027,050,985. Auxiliary enterprises and activities. — The auxiliary enterprises and activities of an institution include those activities which are important to its program but not absolutely indispensable to that program and which are usually, although not necessarily, specula¬ tive or quasi-commercial. In many instances these enterprises offer services to the noncollege public of their respective communities when they can do so without impairing their usefulness to the col¬ lege community and when they do not compete with the regular business activities of the noncollege community in which they are located. Residence and dining hall accommodations, college book¬ stores, industrial plants (woodworking, printing, etc.) are exam¬ ples of this type of activity. Intercollegiate athletics and concert courses also fall within this category. Total income from this type of activity amounted to a little more than $465,000,000 for the year ; details by activity are not available. Other noneducational income. — The National Committee on Standard Reports for Institutions of Higher Education defines other noneducational income as “items other than auxiliary enter¬ prises and activities which do not relate to the educational work of the institution. ”9 Examples as listed by the National Committee are: (1) scholarships, fellowships, prizes, and other student aid; (2) annuities; (3) financial campaigns and promotion; and (4) interest on loans. 9 National Committee on Standard Reports for Institutions of Higher Education. Financial Reports for Colleges and Universities, the University of Chicago Press, 1936. p. 47. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 The total amount of this noneducational income, as reported by the 1,788 institutions, was $23,821,176. Data of this type of income were not collected in 1945-46. Plant Fund Income In 1947-48 a total of $364,901,512 was paid to institutions of higher education for the purpose of purchasing new sites, construc¬ tion or major remodeling of buildings, purchase of equipment, and other items tending to increase the physical plant. Of this amount 81.5 percent was contributed to universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools, 11.3 percent to teachers colleges and normal schools, and 7.2 percent to junior colleges. Institutions under public control received 68.0 percent of the grand total, those under private control receiving the remaining 32.0 percent. The 1947-48 total of $364,901,512 is almost exactly three times the $121,836,778 reported for 1945-46 and nearly six times that for 1939-40 (table XXIII). This increase, like many others noted in this report, was far from uniform throughout the country. In the East South Central States the 1947-48 total was nearly 13 times that for 1939-40; in New England the later figure was not quite four times the earlier. These figures, it should be noted, show nothing as to the need for plant expansion either prior to 1939-40 or at the present time ; they record only the activity between those dates. Table XXIII.— Receipts for plant expansion , non-Federal institutions of higher education, by geographic division, 1939^10 and 1947-48 Geographic division Receipts1 Percent* 1947-48 of 1939-40 1939-40 1947-48 1 2 3 4 Continental United States . . . . $62,703 $364,901 582.0 New England _ 5,377 5,535 13,824 6,449 14,331 1,891 5,314 3,243 6,739 21,319 37,209 79,821 31,635 61,385 24,070 43,365 13,397 52,700 396.5 672.2 577.4 490.5 428.3 1,272.9 816.1 413.1 782.0 Middle Atlantic _ East North Central _ West North Central _ _ South Atlantic _ _ _ _ _ East South Central _ _ _ _ _ West South'Central . . . . . Mountain _ _ _ _ _ Pacific _ _ _ _ _ 1 In thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted. 2 Calculated from rounded figures. Private Gifts and Grants for Nonexpendable Funds Total receipts from private gifts and grants to be used for in¬ crease of permanent and quasi-permanent funds amounted to nearly $76,000,000 in 1947-48 (table 3). Of this amount 14.0 per- HIGHER EDUCATION 45 cent went to publicly controlled institutions and 86.0 percent to institutions under private control. As might be expected, the great bulk of these receipts was an¬ nounced by universities, colleges, and professional schools: 97.8 percent of the total. This amount was divided in turn by control, 13.4 percent of the total going to publicly controlled institutions of this type and the remaining 84.4 percent to those under private control. Teachers colleges and normal schools received a compara¬ tively small amount for this purpose: $481,000, or about one-half of 1 percent of the total. The remaining 1.6 percent was received by junior colleges. The greater portion of these gifts (by amount, not necessarily by number) were for the purpose of increasing the regular endow¬ ment funds of the institutions reporting. Gifts for this purpose amounted to $62,140,000, or 81.9 percent of the total. Gifts in¬ tended or used to increase the amount of funds temporarily func¬ tioning as endowment amounted to $9,743,000, or 12.8 percent of the total. Funds donated subject to annuity agreements totaled $2,731,000, or 3.6 percent of the total. Student loan funds were increased by $1,265,000. Data have not been assembled on increase of these funds from sources other than private gifts. It is believed that these other sources were comparatively minor in amount. Expenditures Grand Total of Expenditures A total of $1,883,270,683 was spent for current purposes by the 1,788 institutions of higher education in 1947-48. Adding to this total the $306,369,830 spent for expansion of the physical plant brings the total amount of money passing through the hands of college business officers during the year to $2,189,640,513. The grand total of expenditures for current and plant purposes for 1947-48, $2,189,640,513, exceeds the corresponding total of $1,159,824,218 for 1945-46 by $1,029,816,295, or 88.8 percent. Neither of these figures, it will be noted, includes payments to reduce indebtedness. Of the current fund expenditures for 1947-4810 50.5 percent was spent by institutions under public control and 49.5 percent by those under the control of religious or other philanthropic organizations. Analysis of the grand total of $2,189,640,513 by level of institu¬ tion gives: Universities, colleges, and professional schools, 88.4 percent; teachers colleges and normal schools, 5.8 percent; and junior colleges, 5.8 percent. 10 Using rounded figures in table 2 of this chapter. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Analysis of the plant fund expenditures only by control of in¬ stitution shows 59.8 percent of the total spent by publicly controlled institutions and 40.2 percent by those under private control. By level, these figures show the following : Universities, colleges, and professional schools, 85.3 percent; teachers colleges and normal schools, 8.3 percent ; and junior colleges, 6.4 percent. Educational and General Expenditures When the educational and general expenditures of higher educa¬ tion for the past 8 years are analyzed by geographic regions (table XXIV), an increase is discernible in every region for every bien¬ nial period compared. The total for 1947-48 is more than 2% times that for 1939-40, reaching 3 V2 times the 1939-40 total in the Pacific States (California, Oregon, and Washington). Table XXIV .—Educational and general expenditures , non-Federal institutions of higher education , by geographic division , 1939^40 to 1947-48 Geographic division Expenditures1 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1947- Amount 48 Percent2 of 1939-40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States _ New England . Middle Atlantic.. _ $517,043 $567,519 $656,802 $819,169 $1,377,918 265.5 52,748 112,018 107,022 56,938 57,679 26,807 39,271 18,528 46,032 55,624 120,616 117,551 59,864 66,650 29,601 42,799 20,422 54,392 59,532 131,057 141,533 66,814 78,489 32,648 45,906 22,672 78,151 73,484 155,444 155,347 74,570 92,375 36,826 58,676 26,439 74,377 71,631 126,825 280,446 297,865 133,560 158,437 67,156 99,583 52,300 161,746 240.4 250.4 278.3 234.6 274.7 250.5 253.6 282.3 351.4 East North Central . . . . West North Central . . South Atlantic _ _ East South Central . . West South Central . . . . Mountain _ _ _ Pacific . . . . . . Institutions not reporting (estimated) . . 1 In thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted. 3 Based on rounded numbers. Percentage Analysis of Current Expenditures Table XXV presents analyses of three types of current expendi¬ ture: educational and general, campus only; all educational and general ; and all current expenditures. Administration and general expense. — Administrative expenses constituted 14.8 percent of the educational and general total (cam¬ pus activities only) , 12.4 percent of the entire educational and gen¬ eral group, and 9.1 percent of all current expenditures. These percentages, it will be noted, run considerably higher among pri¬ vately controlled institutions than among those under public con¬ trol. Analyses by type, however, show irregular tendencies, sug¬ gesting that administrative costs are not influenced so much by HIGHER EDUCATION 47 type or control of institutions as by size of student body or other factors not measured in these figures. Resident instruction. — The regular classroom instruction and laboratory work of institutions of higher education cost a total of $657,946,017 in 1947-48. This was 56.7 percent of the educational and general campus costs and 47.3 percent of the total of all educa¬ tional and general costs. The fact that actual instructional activities accounted for less than half of the educational and general costs is not surprising when it is recalled that the modern institution of higher education carries on a broad and ramified program, includ¬ ing not only the transmission of knowledge (instruction), but also the preservation of knowledge (libraries), the extension of the bounds of human knowledge (research), the implementation of knowledge through service to the community (related activities), and the carrying of the instructional and service community to off- campus areas (extension). Libraries. — The maintaining of libraries, including the salaries of librarians and their aides, the purchase of books and supplies, binding of periodicals, and similar items (not including the operation and maintenance of library buildings) cost a total of $44,207,294. This amount was 3.8 percent of the campus costs, 3.2 percent of all educational and general costs, and 2.4 percent of all current expenses. This item ran a bit higher among teacher-prep¬ aration institutions than among the university, college, profes¬ sional school, and junior college groups. In the junior college group it was only 2.3 percent of educational and general costs, both cam¬ pus and total, and 1.8 percent of all current costs. Plant operation and maintenance. — Wages of janitors and other caretakers, cost of fuel, light, trucking of materials about the cam¬ puses, repairs to buildings, and other costs associated with the keeping of the physical plant in operation involved a total expendi¬ ture of $201,996,291. In comparison with the total of all expendi¬ tures, this item was slightly higher among privately controlled institutions than among those under public control. It also consti¬ tuted a higher percentage of the total among junior colleges and teacher-preparation institutions than among the universities, col¬ leges, and professional schools. A constantly increasing emphasis on operation and maintenance since 1943-44 is evident from the following comparison : Basis Percent 1943-44 1945-46 1947-48 Educational and general, campus only _ 13.3 12.4 9.3 14.5 13.5 10.1 17.4 14.5 10.7 Educational and general, all activities _ All current expenditures _ _ 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Related activities. — The conducting of museums, practice or demonstration schools, and other activities, not integral parts of the instructional program but closely connected with it, entailed a total expenditure of $85,346,011 and constituted 7.3, 6.1, and 4.5 percent, respectively, of the three groups of expenditures listed above. Of the total just quoted, universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools spent $82,084,884, teachers colleges and normal schools spent $1,507,049, and junior colleges spent $1,754,128. Total educational and general, campus. — A total of $1,161,324,- 066 was spent by higher educational institutions for the campus activities of an educational and general nature. This was 83.5 per¬ cent of the total educational and general costs and 61.6 percent of the total current costs. Of the $1,161,324,066 just mentioned, $999,368,094 was spent by the universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools, $78,880,215 by teachers colleges and normal schools, and the remaining $83,075,757 by junior colleges. Organized research. — The research programs connected with higher education which were so organized that they could be identified and accounted for in the institutional budgets, cost $159,090,200. This was 11.4 percent of all educational and general costs, and 8.5 percent of all current costs. Of the total of nearly 160 million dollars, just quoted, $111,743 was spent at teacher-prepara¬ tion institutions and $31,616 at junior colleges. The remaining $158,946,841 was used at universities, colleges, and professional schools. Extension. — Extension, including both formal and informal in¬ struction of a noncurricular or noncampus character, involved a total expenditure of $71,180,627 during the school year under re¬ view. Of this total amount, 98.0 percent was spent by universities, colleges, and professional schools, 85.7 by those under public con¬ trol, and the remaining 12.3 percent by privately controlled insti¬ tutions of this type. A total of $1,401,929 was spent for this activity by teachers colleges and normal schools ($1,161,439) and junior colleges ($240,490) combined; this constituted just 2.0 percent of the national total. Total educational and general expenditures. — The grand total of all educational and general expenditures for 1947-48 was $1,391,594,893. Of this amount 51.2 percent was spent by publicly controlled institutions and 48.8 percent by institutions under the control of private organizations. The total amount came to 73.9 per¬ cent of the total current expenditures for the year. The correspond¬ ing percentage for 1945-46 was 70.3 ; that for 1943-44 was 74.9. Auxiliary enterprises and activities. — The auxiliary enterprise and activity group of expenditures totaled $438,988,490, which was HIGHER EDUCATION 49 23.3 percent of the total current expenditures for 1947-48. The corresponding amount for 1945-46 was $242,027,526, and the cor¬ responding percentage was 22.3. Other noneducational expenditures. — Expenditures for scholar¬ ships, fellowships, prizes, student solicitation campaigns, interest on indebtedness (not including repayment of principal), payments to donors of annuity funds, and other activities not of an educa¬ tional nature involved the expenditure of $52,687,300 in 1947-48. This was 2.8 percent of the total of current expenditures for all institutions. This percentage ran higher among publicly controlled institutions than among those under private control and was notice¬ ably higher among universities, colleges, and professional schools than in the other groups. The 1947-48 figure is a little more than twice the $26,067,866 reported for this group of expenditures for 1945-46. Expenditures for Plant Expansion A total of $306,369,830 was spent on increasing the physical property of institutions of higher education in 1947-48. This in¬ cluded the purchase of additional ground for educational or auxil¬ iary purposes, the purchase, construction, and remodeling of build¬ ings, the purchase of new equipment, and other items of this nature. This figure is the highest of its kind on record at the Office of Education; it is more than 4 times the $71,402,530 reported for 1945-46. Institutions under public control utilized $183,194,623, or 59.8 percent of this figure; the remaining $123,175,207, or 40.2 percent, was spent at institutions under private control. Universities, col¬ leges, and professional schools spent 85.3 percent of the total (table XXVI) ; teachers colleges and normal schools used 8.3 percent; and junior colleges used 6.4 percent. Fund and Plant Values Data on the value of physical property and permanent funds held by institutions of higher education were collected at the close of fiscal year 1948. This was the first time such data had been col¬ lected and summarized since 1939-40. A comparison is therefore possible with the latest year of collecting statistics prior to World Warll (table XXVII). The total value of physical property and capital funds held by the 1,788 institutions of higher education in continental United States in 1948 was but little short of six and one-half billion dollars, the exact figure being $6,493,726,943. Of this sum $3,691,724,511 was invested in physical plant (grounds, buildings, improvements, Table XXV, — Percentage analysis of current expenditures, institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution , and by fund and purpose of expenditure , 1947—48 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Privately controlled institutions Percent2 of — Total current expendi¬ tures CO 11.4 34.1 2.5 11.5 4.2 NOJO co oo co 72.9 23.3 3.8 100.0 III 9Z ZTl Educational and general expenditures Total N CO 00 to 00 00 to CO CO to to* 1-H 87.5 11.2 1.3 © ©* o 1 CM 00 tO CM to cd co to Total, except research and exten¬ sion 00 to O *-H CO t^.* CO 00 CO HIO 1-H _ _ O' 001 1 1 1 17.6 54.0 4.0 17.5 Amount1 10 $105,714 317,918 23,586 107,317 39,067 593,602 76,049 8,955 678,606 217,293 35,577 931,476 97,650 300,094 22,481 97,414 Publicly controlled institutions Percent2 of — Total current expendi¬ tures 05 ONNOOJ O to » ^ to r-H 0 001 1 © 05 00 td cd cd cd Amount1 cm $171,82 657,946 44,207 201,996 85,346 1,161,324 159,090 71,181 1,391,595 438,988 52,687 CO oo 00 149,177 561,138 39,032 167,934 Item - I. All institutions Educational and general: Administration and general expense.. Resident instruction _ Libraries _ ... _ Plant operation and maintenance _ Related activities _ _ Subtotal . . . . . Organized research _ _ _ Extension _ _ Total educational and general _ Auxiliarv pntprnrispH and activities 1 GC | o. 1 £ !*-c I § |i II ?1 !-5 i a e ■> c i c ! i 1 !C Total current expenditures _ II. Universities, colleges, and profession¬ al schools Educational and general: Administration and general expense.. Resident instruction . . Libraries. . . Plant operation and maintenance .... HIGHER EDUCATION 51 I 05 00 • ' o — ’ c ■^ONOOO -h CO cm CM CO 05 < t'- 05 C © © c 050N © © © © ^ < © © <* ^ © co CO CM © CM 05 © - CD CO* CM* ^ , > © © © © I 00 ^ © CM © CM CM © OO © CM 00 ^ to © CO © 00 05 CM* OO 00 © © CM to 05 © © OO > © co > CO i CM © © © to © © T* © © CM to © T* CO LO T-H oo cm © to T-( nc:o CO CO CO CM © © © **f ©coco^f^ CO CM tO CO to H CM © © oo c 00 <* © * CM © — ’CM © © t* © wH co © co © ’— • CO © CM* H CM CMNH © r>- © © © CM . 40 © 00 ) © CO © © i © CM 00 © rtCwio th © CM l t* © co CO CO c3 oq f- © © ass sis ■o«a g S3 © M la® Isa ■3.8 o 3.8-S -q ci a 3 S3 4> § g-rt •O jg § ^ CT3 J ? a r° H 2 hafl w g a o M o oa S :1| o T3 * s fl-r3 !§g 'TJ & Cl g 1 03 ill a §*§.§ § 03 o © d to o *-< crt « w s , © J3 a o > *t2 to-^ T3 g C d ^ © & 111 OW 3 $3 <50 hj'-p co 1 g g.S 2-S !§-a|-n °3 i.2 isg^-s [■JjTj $:2j3 ® Subtotal... rganized ref xtension. __ HI JU fl’3 V § © 3 WT3+3 « !-g.5 Oflg.B > g-g a. 2 S'ts o §.5 42 £ ° « «.g 0- 2ad «-§-£ 8-2 §”1 Subtotal— rganized ref xtension _ o ats a tTg ■o»2 : ® a-is 3 £a o ?o H a a oa ;d t-. •r« © 2 « <50 1 In thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted. Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding. 2 Based on unrounded figures. 3 Less than 0.Q5 of 1 percent. 4 More than 0.06 of 1 percent, but less than 1 percent. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table XXVI. — Expenditures for plant expansion, institutions of higher education , by control and type of institution , 1947—48 Type of institution All institutions Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1 2 3 4 AMOUNT1 AH institutions _ $306,370 $183,195 $123,175 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ 261,218 148,210 113,008 Teachers colleges and normal schools... _ _ 25,503 25,162 341 Junior colleges _ _ . 19,649 9,823 9,826 PERCENT2 All institutions _ 100.0 59.8 40.2 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ ... 85.3 48.4 36.9 Teachers colleges and normal schools _ _ 8.3 8.2 .1 Junior colleges _ 6.4 3.2 3.2 1 In thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted. 2 Calculated from rounded figures. furniture, and equipment) and an additional $304,275,986 had been set aside but not yet used for plant expansion. Endowment funds of various types totaled $2,252,813,160 and funds temporarily func¬ tioning as endowment amounted to $131,673,957. Funds subject to annuity agreements, most of them destined for eventual transfer to endowment funds, totaled $69,049,527. Funds available for loan to students for their personal expenses came to a total of $44,189,802. The proportions of these various forms of property held by in¬ stitutions under public control were quite different from those held by privately controlled institutions. Thus, analyzing the data in table 13, we find that the value of buildings, grounds, and equip¬ ment of public institutions plus unexpended plant funds, amounted to 85.8 percent of the total holdings; endowment funds, including both permanent and temporary funds and those subject to annuity agreements, amounted to 13.7 percent; and student loan funds accounted for 0.5 of 1 percent. Privately controlled institutions had physical property (buildings, grounds, and equipment, plus funds set aside but not yet spent for plant expansion) amounting to only 46.5 percent of their total holdings. Endowment (permanent and temporary, plus annuity funds) accounted for another 52.7 per¬ cent. The remaining 0.8 of 1 percent was in the form of student loan funds. Each of these figures represents a substantial increase over the corresponding amount reported for 1940, the increase for the total HIGHER EDUCATION 53 of all institutions being 43.7 percent (table XXVII). The 1940 report, however, covered only 1,440 of the 1,751 institutions in existence that year. The fact that data are not available on the holdings of the 311 nonrespondent institutions for 1940 will there¬ fore condition any appraisal of the actual increase during the 8- year period. Table XXVII.— Fund and plant values , institutions of higher education , 1940 and 1948 Item 1940 Amount1 1948 Amount1 Percent2 of 1940 1 2 3 4 Number of institutions. . . . . .. . . . 1,440 1,778 124.2 Total fund and plant values. . _ _ _ _ _ _ $4, 518, 384 $6,493,727 143.7 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds... _ _ 1,764,604 2,497,727 141.5 Endowment funds3 _ ... . . . . . 1,686,283 2,384,487 141.4 Annuity funds . . . . . . . . 49,537 69,050 139.4 Student loan funds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28,784 44,190 153.5 Physical plant values4 - .. . . . . . . 2,753,780’ 3,996,000 145.1 1 In thousands of dollars, i.e., 000 omitted. 2 Calculated on rounded numbers. 3 Including funds temporarily functioning as endowment ; see text for details. 4 Including grounds, buildings, improvements other than buildings, equipment, and unexpended plant funds ; details not available in comparable form. . . Table 1.— Historical summary of institutions of higher education , 1899—1900 to 1947—48 HIGHER EDUCATION oo T t'*. C5 a 196,300 143,243 53,057 2,616,262 1,836,339 779,923 271 ,019 175,456 95,563 42,400 28,899 13,501 00 00 3,687 501 $1,538,076 1,391,595 3,996,000 2,497,726 CO 1 05 © 136,032 93,876 42,156 1,676,851 927,662 749,189 136,174 58,664 77,510 19,209 9,484 9,725 1,966 1,580 386 00 CO *0 CM 05 CO CM CM 05 OO 1943-44 <7> 134,451 93,794 40,657 1,155,272 578,948 576,324 125,863 55,865 69,998 13,414 5,711 7,703 2,305 1,880 425 $863,654 656,802 (6) (6) 1941-42 oo 134 , 137 96,251 37,886 1,403,990 818,559 585,431 185,346 103,889 81,457 24,648 14,179 10,469 3,497 3,036 461 CO 05 CO CM t*4 CO CM ££ CM ww CO 1939-40 i> 131,552 94,536 37,016 1,494,203 893,250 600,953 186,500 109,546 76,954 26,731 16,508 10,223 3,290 2,861 429 $571,288 521,990 2,753,780 1,764,604 1937-38 CO 123,677 87,990 35,687 1,350,905 803,893 547,012 164,943 97,678 67,265 21,628 13,400 8,228 2,932 2,502 430 $522,108 475, 192 2,556,075 1,721,841 1929-30 CO 82,386 60,017 22,369 1,100,737 619,935 480,802 122,484 73,615 48,869 14,969 8,925 6,044 2,299 1,946 353 $483,065 377,903 1,925,095 1,512,023 1909-10 1919-20 ** 48,615 35.807 12.808 597,880 314,938 282,942 CM cm © 00 31,980 16,642 3 ** 2,860 1,283 069 597 93 $172,929 («) 747,333 569,071 CO 36,480 29,132 7,348 * 355,213 214,648 140,565 *37,199 28,762 8,437 3,771 3,091 680 429 CO CO iO CO $ 76,053 (6) 460,532 323,661 1899-1900 N 23,868 19,151 4,717 237,592 152,254 85,338 *27,410 22, 173 5,237 1,583 1,280 303 369 348 21 $ 35,084 (•) 253,599 194,998 Item - Staff1 Total _ Men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Women _ _ _ _ Resident college enrollments8 Total _ Men . . ... _ _ _ _ . Women. _ _ _ _ _ ... . Degrees4 Bachelor’s, including first professional: Total _ Men _ _ Women _ ... _ _ Master ’si Total _ Men _ _ _ _ _ Women . . . . . . Doctor’s: Total _ _ _ Men . . . Women . . Finances * Educational and general income . . . Educational and general expenditures _ _ _ Value of physical property7 _ _ _ Endowment and other nonexpendable funds . . 55 © 04 © S> 3 H n co ^ w to Table 2.— Faculty, students , and degrees , institutions of higher education , 1947—48 and 1945—46 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Analysis of total for 1947-48 Junior colleges Privately controlled CD o CO 6,390 3,319 3,071 5,678 2,822 2,856 61,977 OO CD CO CO co c5 59,040 31,505 27,535 17,612 O 04 »— < O co co 33,633 16,853 16,780 59,115 a, err C£ o ci <£. wj Publicly controlled 00 242 10,041 6,654 3,387 8,929 5,947 2,982 178,196 127,836 50,360 163,005 120,498 42,507 65,740 65,151 589 OO 55,049 22,099 9,577 170,290 Teachers colleges and normal schools Privately controlled c- CO 1,116 O CO 04 CD CO 971 oo co CO O CO co 10,543 3,535 7,008 9,645 3,522 6,123 co co CD CN 2,738 195 of 6SS‘I ZLL Publicly controlled tO 229 13,970 00 04 00 00 t-r CO 13,325 7,085 6,240 179,799 100,606 79,193 160,971 92,506 68,465 62,190 61,147 1,043 59,851 33,799 26,052 171,941 ?! C£l c£ I o 1 Universities, colleges, and professional schools Privately controlled in 897 105,979 81,355 24,624 90,678 69,046 21,632 1,217,595 868,701 348,894 1,117,068 800,176 316,892 545,973 532,116 13,857 265,219 184,892 80,327 1,018,041 t' a c- H Publicly controlled CD iO 86,164 65,380 20,784 76,719 57,975 18,744 968,152 702,223 265,929 829,563 611,209 218,354 428,290 420,185 8,105 o o 00 125,753 55,317 831,539 J i\ ur , £ Gross total, 1945-46 co 1,768 165,324 116,134 49,190 136,032 93,876 42,156 1,676,851 927,662 749, 189 1,073,629 473,682 599,947 462,079 450,605 11,474 474,894 269,701 205, 193 1,411,557 cr ■ o| c, ot Gross total,1 1947-48 cs oo 00 099 ‘2ZZ 164,616 59,044 196,300 143,243 53,057 2,616,262 1,836,339 779,923 2,339,292 1,659,416 679,876 1,122,738 1,098,647 24,091 619,232 417,118 202,114 2,260,503 c r* i c C£ Item - NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS _ _ _ Facui/ty . . . . . . . . . Total different individuals . _ Men _ _ Women _ _ _ Full-time equivalent _ _ Men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Women. _ _ _ Resident college enrollments Regular session _ _ . _ _ _ Men _ . _ _ ... . _ Women _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Third week of fall term . . . . ... Men _ _ _ Women _ . _ ... . . . . . .. ... Veterans of World War II1.. . _ _ _ Men _ _ _ _ _ _ Women.. _ ... _. . . . . .. First time in any college . . . . . . ... Men . . . . . . . _ Women _ _ _ _ Undergraduate . . . . . . _ 630,623 I 216,336 I 279,594 | 75,313 I 6,401 I 47,725 HIGHER EDUCATION 57 1 Data for 1947-48 are for veterans enrolled at the third week of the fall term only ; the 1945-46 data are for the total enrollment of veterans during the entire year, 2 Estimated. Table 3.— Income, expenditures , and property , institutions of higher education , 1947—48 and 1945—46 Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (000 Omitted ) 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Analysis of total for 1947-48 Junior colleges Publicly Privately controlled controlled 230 $ 47,394 28,772 CO N CO (N CO iH rt< Oi 1 CM N CO C5 iO 05 CO CO 05 CM O 00 CM lO *0 kC 18,350 272 7,870 CO »o uo ^ »o CM ^ CO CM 05 i-H 00 242 $ 74,191 64,290 ^ NCONOCOOJOIO 00 CO ^ CO O CO CM 05 CM CM 00 P'- T—i COCO CO CO © rH rHCM 9,672 229 CO 00 44 42 :::::::::::::: CM Teachers colleges and normal schools Privately controlled c- CO $ 5,638 4,070 2,027 746 1 178 1,042 8 68 1,543 25 00 00 CO CO 00 52 33 Publicly controlled vo 229 $ 114,509 85,851 CM iOOOOOOiOOOt^ O COrHrHONTt- 1 T— < CO ■ Universities, colleges, and professional schools Privately controlled 897 $ 922,654 694,317 200,833 197,822 68,790 20,092 225 77,692 71,606 38,901 18,356 CO *0 CM 12,594 108,640 o O CO 51,454 9,276 2,628 682 Publicly controlled 159 1 862,666 660,776 CM ONOCMX»CON CO N CO CO N N CO CO 00 05 05 iO N CO 1C h0 I>T cm" CO~ CO r-4 CO CM 05 CO CM HiCH r-H CM 192,615 9,275 188,667 10,158 9,292 289 39 538 Gross total, 1945-46 00 1,768 $1,169,394 924,958 214,344 61,174 136,076 225,161 31,005 89,763 77,572 67,084 22,779 244,436 0 121,837 0 0000 Gross total,1 1947-48 cm 00 oo $2,027,051 1,538,076 304,601 364,727 161,748 352,280 47,521 86,679 91,467 92,725 36,326 465,154 23,821 364,902 75,881 O CO 05 05 tJH tJ* CM CO T-t CM CM 05 CM t-h CO Item 1 TOTAL NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS _ Current income _ _ _ ... . . . . Educational and general income, by source _ _ _ Student fees _ _ . . . ... Federal government: For veterans’ education . . . For other purposes . . . . . . State governments . . . . . . . Local governments _ ... . . . ... . Endowment earnings. _ _ _ _ Private benefactions.. . . . ... Sales and services . . ... _ _ Miscellaneous sources _ . . _ Auxiliary enterprises _ _ _ _ .... _ _ _ Other noneducational income .. _ _ _ _ ._ Receipts for plant expansion (all purposes) _ _ _ Private gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds. Endowment funds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Funds temporarily functioning as endowment . . . Student loan funds _ _ _ _ _ _ _ HIGHER EDUCATION 59 Table 4 . — Faculty , students , and degrees 9 institutions of higher education , by State , 1947—48 A. — All institutions 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Degbees Doctor’s Wom¬ en © 501 1 tH 05 05 1 '05 • CO-^COhh 1 1 1 'CO t-h 1 1 1 1—4 || ' 1 III I 1 I 1 III II II III II I 1 III II II III II 8 47 12 11 8 i 1 j Men I j Men Oi 3,687 I T-H ■*-!*>. 1^ 05 rH CO 1 T-H 00 O 00 CO t-H . I 1 *>• Tt* CO T-H 1 H O CO T-H CO 03 1 | |CO | lO H T-H I II i ! 1 1 I 1 ' 1 1 1 76 443 144 97 . 43 Master’s and second 1 professional 00 13,501 OlHOOON CTi 00 00 03 IN 05 05 CO ^ . t* lO -H -0500i-l lOOOON^ »0 CC ^ O- 05 CC>0 05NN HNO (NNHMH *0 05" IN CO CO CO IN 00 WHH00O O O 00 T-H ^h©t-h ^h COINHH 05 C5 t-h - © CO © csT 2,172 1,055 606 1,610 467 246 501 1,085 704 5,940 2,282 2,865 1,045 2,652 2,337 196 389 2,043 3,139 2,512 1,002 2,218 Resident college enrollments Summer session 1947 i a © CO s CO s? oo to CO CO CO 00000050 COCOOHN tON(N(NCO OHIO OXX03N OOMNO i^NONO 0000*00 In O- *C CiiOCOiOTf CCuO^OiH rf 00 CO N- 05 CO Cl O X h COC0*O •OHIOXN T-H CONH CNMOIO tO H 05 *0 CO t>- 00 05 05 tH Men o O* So ONOJNCO CO t-h 00 O CO OO CO 00 *0 (M^rHiOCO NcO^f t-h O O t-h NOHCOH CDONHOJ COCOOON H H CO ^ 00 IN O COOOOt>T to t>. cO H to CO co o o o CO 05 CQ *Q 05 NHHHH OOOHQX (M H Tf ^ uo COCON Veterans of World War II GO 1,122,738 T-H Oi lO 00 to NtOtOHTt rf CO»ONCO NX 2,339,282 COOO*OCOC2 COOOIO-^T-H IOCONHO HC3HNN CO CO rf OOCOO Ol 05 t-h CO 00 0500*000 *0 IN O 00 t-h CO t-h In OOINOOO IN IN 05 O CO IN CO IN 05 IN t-h 05 O O 05 0 05 05 05 O IN 00 05 O 05 t-h 02 00 Co" 05* CO IN t-h 00 02 05 CO 02 05* 02 05 COt-HtHINCO 05 COCO OcOt^COCO CO CO 02 02 to T-H CO Regular session 1947-48 Men Wo“- en 779,923 05^X002 htHOON C2INT-HOOO IN t-h to Tf IN 0 0 05 lOHtOTf O 05 O *0 IN to CO *0 CO O nf ^ O N rf Tf 02 IN CO OOOIO-^HCO O IN 05 t-h tO 02 00 T-H 00 C2 02 In *0 t— i C2 CO t— ' *0 0N®U50 to O to (M >— 1 1— 1 O rtIMOSOOiH t-t—o rH ®H -H 1-1 1-1 CO CC i-l CO - 1,836,339 02 o CO O T-H o to 02 o Tf IN O 02 O IN HO'tHO H 04 N CO O O 05 T-H O CO OO (X) CO Tf 00 C2 02 ^H 000*00200 to T-H IN HNIOIOH 00 to IN CO to T-H CO OO CO CO CO 00 TH T-h 00 Tt* O OO CO 00 TjH CO IN Hci-^HCO T* 05 COr 00 05* 02 CO tH O OO © CO 05 T-H HH 05 05 05 CO 05 tO CO 05 05 05 05 IN IN ^ t-h Faculty (reduced to full-time basis) Ss O - 53,057 1,039 180 625 3,377 533 840 104 855 1,117 204 3,197 1,298 1,257 1,249 973 1,070 272 851 1,826 1,542 1,319 847 1,617 Men 05 143,243 1,838 461 1,333 12,234 1,547 2,247 325 1,861 2,209 563 8,788 3,852 3,112 2,184 1,542 2,140 635 3,004 7,757 4,566 2,867 1,292 3,425 State 1 Continental United States _ Alabama _ _ Arizona _ _ Arkansas _ _ California _ _ _ Colorado _ ... Connecticut.. _. _ _ Delaware _ Florida. _ _ Georgia... _ _ Idaho . . . . Illinois _ _ .. _. Indiana . . . . . Iowa _ _ Kansas _ _ Kentucky _ . ... Louisiana _ Maine _ ! 1 !! jl 111 ass Minnesota _ _ SJISSffh::::;;::::: . HIGHER EDUCATION 61 ; ; : ;§ 10 ; :r,5° ;s | S j :S : :ssM§ SS'*' :2 S j 2S — §8g S~2SS |SS2| SSSgS §§- I : co ; cn • to ss -sssg Pigs fssss ggs&g ffs? = ; r 1 »— < 11 sslll nils sills iSias SSS 1 i i-H »-H CC CO ‘ t 001 1,064 2,674 SS sills SI11S SS18I SSSSS all a 1 ^ CO 2 ** eS £2 ^ CO ^ Jlj ^ *-* 00 00 ^ S3 4,180 j t sil CM ss sssss Bssaa sisss assss sss s ; 0 S^Sg SSH 2 : 0000 II iSBls IliBi Sills 11112 ISI 1 3 1 179 643 1,281 1,595 CM *"• CM CO CM CO CO JO CM OO t* CO CO CO *-J CO tO CM OJ CM CO CO O CM co IS isiis SSSSI 8S3I3 sslss sis 3 1 0 00 3 -00s:00f: SSM § ° 0000 il IssSI lsll§ sails S8S3S ill s i CM CO CM ^ CO ^ tO CM CO °0 C& CO 05 CM lO 03 !>• CM Ttj CO N N Ttj* 5,034 90 357 1,692 2,895 ss lllis alas! Isili II12S IIS 1 S 7,690 244 477 2,470 4,499 ^ ® si -Ills pSsI 3SSB3 iSSSS sis 1 " lO r-i CM* O-l *— < CM *“H rH 8 21 7 13 220 560 1,370 153 724 2,950 615 18,354 2,988 569 7,174 2,061 1,448 9,111 904 1,489 637 3,070 6,156 956 512 2,452 2,103 1,019 2,735 324 2,072 955 i mi j i« ill Iiiii il oS 13 j i 1: 1 J I <3 S SL. 1 1 1- J S i. II i Data not Publicly controlled institutions 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 HIGHER EDUCATION 63 ;s : ; 5*- a** 3 § r p ; ; 13 64 1 9 20 33 156 119 8 291 182 71 • 69 7 87 10 60 457 41 9 42 82 109 268 7 5 1 lO 50 159 8 37 58 269 230 27 798 319 169 253 8 60 32 108 906 141 29 171 241 240 626 53 4 — 3 CO 246 798 69 301 855 285 4,460 1,510 263 2,832 1,361 743 1,427 229 620 220 631 2,727 523 240 1,452 1,245 797 1,699 125 55 ' 1 CD :S2 ' II sSISS HISS Ills! lisll Sis ” s i-h H 10«H N H ICH CM »H(M § OO ill -l i ; ; i ; “g r i » in i 1 i i°s i r : ; i i i i i it i i ii ii ii i i i I i ii i i ii ii ii i i i i i ii i i ii ii ii i i i i i ii i i ii ii ii 125 312 23 670 252 5,735 6,923 5 4,485 3,590 188 221 856 128 2,739 5,076 1,122 139 396 1,226 149 12,608 172 4,147 £ in 1 TJ4 1 1,302 7,542 157 411 2,263 1,558 5,557 13,290 1,685 4.870 7,761 1,268 2,734 5,075 1,060 8,371 17,558 8.870 413 7,106 13,918 5,897 42,143 1,634 277 4,931 g ill • CO SI j jSSS sills 83S38 11 j|" Is j j i a ii i 1,301 3,481 361 541 806 1,113 8,577 4,985 1,523 6,888 4,809 2,045 3,440 524 2,011 1,843 3,269 14,803 1,818 628 3,669 4,600 4,369 6,646 546 318 1 t- a do t 1,064 2,526 11 Sllil llill gSSii Ipli Sal i 1 *-< »-< t-H CM* CJ ^ cm cm* cb O CO ICO iboT TJ< o TjT ill CM* ss issls nils 88813 sills 888 I i 0 0000 2s ISIS! 88888 SsSli ilils SSI I 3 § CO Sill CM Tt- H N (M OO lb CO 05 05 O r* CO CM 80 CO OO 00 CM T— * « CM Is IlsSI nil” nisi SUSS Iss s 1 *-3 K^S^S S82”SS SSS” “ “ 0 T esee 'sill t-H CM 2,536 4,301 570 1,343 3,840 3,053 45,874 6,972 2,450 23,269 9,798 5,651 5,390 994 3,673 1,565 6,916 26,504 4,669 1,063 8,199 9,492 5,190 10,461 986 987 SI SSSli SISSs 38881 SSSI8 sis I s a to 244 477 2,470 4,327 CO j-h T-4 CO CO t^-Jg NOON CO CM t-H lb JO CM CO t-H jo CO CM »O CO cb §5 «SB5S 88883 ISIS! 88838 Sls e " § 21 7 13 211 Is 81811 piss IS III 18311 SIS 5 i CC COr-(»H t-l *-H T-H t-H cm 40 13 342 267 Montana _ _ _ _ Nebraska . . . Nevada . . . . New Hampshire . _ New Jersey . _. New Mexico _ _ _ New York . . . . . North Carolina . . North Dakota . . Ohio _ _ _ Oklahoma .... . . Oregon... . . . . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island... .. . . South Carolina . . South Dakota _ Tennessee . Utah - - - Vermont _ . _ Virginia.. . . Washington _ _ _ West Virginia. _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ District of Columbia _ U. S. service academies _ Outlying parts of the United States. Alaska. . . . . zjviiv _ Hawaii _ Puerto Rico . _ 02 P i Data not Table 4.— Faculty, students , and degrees , institutions of higher education, by State, 1947-48— Continued 64 u BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Degrees Doctor’s Wom¬ en 20 to m oo ft ; 61 61 i CM i 57 8 46 l © Men © 2,252 1 i N» tH N* i i CM H CO I i CM t-h i i CO 1 1 OOOO IN-© T* 1 rH -rH © T-H IN- 1 CM i © CO i CO i i t* i i i • © l Master’s and second professional Wom¬ en 00 8,706 i OO OO © i J OO N- © I t>* r*H T-H OO i © © © CM CM © CM t-h CM © N- ' © N- CM OO CO r-H CM i © © ' CO l N- Men 5 16,015 03 i-rH ^ CM OO ^ i CM © © i-H © 1 © T-H ^H i hhC3©N © CO t-h © © © i OOOO© © N» CM N- CM ' © t-h CM © ' t-h" Cm" i OO •© Bachelor’s and first professional Wom¬ en to to © 00 © 433 © ^H © ^GOtHt-h© CM N- © © OO HHCOHOO ©CMrH ©OON © CM CM ^ ©©©^tiN- ©©t-h©© ©00© CM^^ CO © OO ©CMOOtH^ © tH OO OO ©CM© CM COrH CO T-H Men 15 89,158 373 Tt^oo^ CM © OO CO OOTjHCOOO© © 00 H N- N- © N- CM TH © lOHrH^kO © OO © © CO © N» © © N. © © t*h CM N © t-i N- CO^ ©t^-CMCO© "^ © CM CM 00 CM hH © CM** NNH rH © t-h cm" Other enrollments Indi¬ vidual in¬ struc¬ tion vH 33,093 523 CM CO i OO i © OO i © i 1 t-h CM ' © i 162 467 6,447 2,892 456 86 182 2 433 3,070 151 1,738 2,491 208 1,666 Short courses 00 13,794 62 963 357 rf 00 N* © CM ©CM CO rH • i i© OO I © © © © © i l i CO CM I CM i i i © t-h i t* i i i t-h t l © i N- Non¬ resi¬ dent (colle¬ giate and non- colle- giate) N ■H 203,407 00 N- CM 92 11,673 1,581 2,265 rH © © OO CC © CM rH ©©CM©© t-h © O0 rH ^ t-h kO © OO T-H © H©r^HQ © © © rH CM T-H tH CM © CO ©©!>• CM © t-h “H~ CM" t-h" Cm" ©t-h" i-TnT CM Resi¬ dent non- colle- giate 00 tjT CO © O T*4 287 1,610 246 i © t-h OON-©©© i© iN»CM © CM -rH i tH t-H CO OO © r-H N- IT* l t-H © © ^H © iNCM CO©©©© ' i CO CO ©©CO i i i Resident college enrollments Summer session 1947 Wom¬ en © r-i 146,710 1,619 1,061 9,116 2,225 652 >- tH © CMtH©00© OO CM © N- t-h ©t^© X) © © © © t— < o © © © N- © © OO tH OtHCM tH tH © © © OOt-hcO^© © © N- nT cm" th" th" Co" cm" cm" t-h" t-h©"co~ t-h co" Men © 297,377 3,784 1,289 18,141 4,416 849 0,80/ 3,790 425 35, 175 7,389 4,728 1,052 2,205 4,093 678 1,773 12,993 5,348 1,923 i boa 0 © 0 CO 0 CO H © D © DO H © Veterans of World War II 00 566,520 4,305 240 1,779 30,001 7,678 9,236 67 8,569 5,4771 496 52,533 14,751 8,735 2,082 3,482 6,329 972 8,511 42,096 13,247 6,189 1 First time in any college N* 301,163 3,278 _ 1,921 11,272 3,718 4,097 150 4,370 4,333 655 22,382 7,669 6,676 3,210 4,258 3,147 1,387 3,853 18,619 8,130 5,996 1,396 9,416 Third week of fall term 1947 to © rH 00 © 00 9,789 247 4,531 53,869 12,997 17,124 244 16,119 14,434 1,484 112,321 28,874 19,311 7,669; 10,260 15,810 3,812 18,018 84,557 26,962 17,500 1 979 4 CO - © 4 N- H TH CO >co 4 CO 1 © 1 T-H Regular session 1947-48 Wom¬ en lO 384,441 3,737 10 2,019 15,381 4,436 3,150 91 5.209 5,574 679 38,017 8,466 6,658 3,826 5,292 5,361 1,386 5.210 24,929 7,238 7,218 9 91 3 Men tH 905,674 7,520 268 3,584 45,038 11,534 14,406 154 12,882 9,548 965 82,220 23,611 14,120 4,530 6,702 12,141 2,653 12,808 64,508 21,032 11,484 2,299 24,619 Faculty (reduced to full-time basis) Wom¬ en 00 25,091 ONWH® OO © © © CM OO OO *rH CM © OO1^ CO tH CO CM COCON COOOOCON CO CM ©© CM CM CM CO hOOh © CM tH N- © tH CO ^ CO t-h ^ >h*H TtfH © CM © Men cm 72,236 © t-h © iO © OOtHtJ^CO t— i © © © N- CO © OO © CM hNO CO CM -rH ^ © C THOOOO© h IO LO © © CMOOr-^rH N- © OO tH CM © CO © © © N- ■**< © CO t*i GO CM N © O OO t-h © Co" r-T kO t-h" t— i N- CM State - Continental United States _ Alabama . _ Arizona _ _ _ Arkansas.. .. _ _ _ California _ _ _ Colorado _. .. Connecticut.. . ... ... . Delaware.. ... .. ... . -pwiric. Georgia _ ..... Idaho _ ... Illinois. _ _ _ _ Indiana _ _ _ Iowa . . . _ _ Kansas _ ... . . Kentucky.. ... _ Louisiana . . ... Maine _ Maryland . Massachusetts _ Michigan . . Minnesota... . _ _ Mississippi _ _ Missouri ... HIGHER EDUCATION 65 S" ;co ; ;0 - ; ;co ; j j j j | j - » i °° |S ;s ; sM : ;s ; ; *- 2 ;£ :S gs :as-g SS :§§ ISSS ; 8 s CO • ;® |3 jgs®g 32 :|S SSSS ; 2 § U0 t *-h sg sgsgg sgseg g|2|g ssg|| s g 1-1 1 s si slssl easli Hills §SlsS s S 8 -t'* rtcrh Ojh ®0»N ^ CO <0 0 co ® Jg 11 sSSls 11111 ISSSS 8SSI3 s 1 ®* N g° *< ® 0 MOM t-i COM C5 ->S< Tf >0 CO HOICO 400|4f M Men CM 45,100 ClOOOOiO O O 05 O CO Tt< OIICONM CDtH-^COiO O CT> CO (N Ca ^ COCOOlO r-uo (M OOCON^HOS © CM © CM CO OOh^OC CM CO CO r— 1 I>- CO O 05 l>- r-H CM O T-H CM tO Tfl rH Tf CO rH (NrH-H h CM 1— 1 rH Regular Session Other faculty (research, extension, etc.) Women IT 1 10,415 CO CO OO 00 CO © CO OO ^ N CO to Oi CO ©©>©00© CM CO CO CO CO CO CO O CM 05 CM CO © CM OCOh^tH CO ^ © © 00 rH CM 00 CM CM CM CO CM CM CO CM CM rH rH Tt* CM CO rH Men 10 30,505 CO 05 - 40 OirHCONN HCONrHCC Noncollegiate instructional Women 05 2,493 rH rH © © CO 00 Tft 05 00 00 OhNhO COCO©t>»CM O 05 CM o Th ^ CO rH CO Th CO 05 00 to 00 CM HCONH CO H CM TH rH Men 00 2,618 ©tr©|©oo H-^OCOCM to CM 05 00 rH COCOCMOOO © rH H*< OO CM TfH rH © rH CO CM CM 00 CM CO hCMNO O CM 00 CO CM CO CM rH Collegiate instructional, including critic teachers Women 43,506 CM CM CM CO OOrHCOrtl O tO tO CM CO CO rH 00 O tO CMrHCOtO^ rH CO 00 CO to ~ 00 D- CM CO OOOOCOOO O0r-a>T^Ttl CM CO rH CO CO OO rH CO CO to to OO rH NOOOcO 00 CM N tO CO CMiO^H-^ Men © 130,698 to OO 05 CO OO 00 Tt< CO o Tit CM TH CO CO to l>- ^ CO CO CO ^ l>- TP CO © 05 ^ CO Th to CM Tt< 05 rH N OO OO O tO to CM C5HN to O CO 05 o CO CO 05 o CO CO CM CO O NCMIOCMH rH tO 00 CO rH CO 05 00 O rH O rH rH rH CM 00 CO CM CM rH CM CM ^ CM CO rH Administrative Women u© 6,493 05 o 05 rH CM tO 05 CM rH rH OC5^^^ HCMONCO rH CM CM ^ CM OO rH © CO ^ CO tO tO CO i>0»0 05H Th ^ rH !>- 00 CM CO CO 05 CO rH r CM rH rH rH H CO H HHH Men 13,061 © © © CM to 05 OO CO !>• to tO CO CM 05 tO rH CO CO tO CO 00 05 rH CM 00 to to ^ O 05 CM CO CO Nr^iOHiO HNC0 05»0 NhCOOO rH rH rH H rH CM 00 Hfl CO CM rH CM H CO CM CM CO rH Total (excluding those employed in summer school only) Women CO 59,044 NOOOON |H 00 40 40 r(l (0fflN05 40 00 05 t- CO 05 i-l CO 05 Cd f~ t-» 00 T# 00 CO COOC-C-t-i H40 00Mt|I OOOONOO COOOH-cooooqt'- Men CM 164,616 CM CO 00 rH CO rHOOOtOrH ^©HNN 05 © rH CO CO ©t-tO^t^ OO OO to © 05 CO -rt* CM 05 05 CM © 05 OO © CM l>- CM rH CM iO O O Cl Cl 00 CO TjH to © CO 05 © © TjH !>• to I>» l>- © CO CO Tin © 00 CO © © © H rHCOrH CM rH CM © rf CO CM H CM CO OO to CO rH rH State - Continental United States _ ... Alabama _ _ _ _ _ Arizona.. _ _ Arkansas - - - . - - California _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Colorado _ _ _ ... _ _ _ _ Connecticut - - - - - - Delaware... - - .... - . Florida. . - - - ...... .. . Georgia — . - - - Idaho .. - . . - ---- - Illinois _ ... Indiana. . . .. ...... Iowa _ _ _ .. _ _ _ Kansas ... .... ._ _ _ . Kentucky Louisiana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . .. Maine _ _ _ ... _ Maryland _ _ _ . . . . ... _ _ Massachusetts.. _ _ _ Michigan.. . ... _ _ . _ _ Minnesota _ _ .. . . _ Mississippi _ . . _ Missouri . . . . . . Montana . . . . .. _ _ .... . Nebraska.. . ._ ... .. HIGHER EDUCATION 67 2SS3J SSSSS 8SSSJ §gS S j 00 CO »0 “Bile llsll 3*311 lIBli Sis § 2 r-« c7 H (N T— s i 88 £3|S£ |g£S2 |S3|S SSSS 2! 5 CO • gg sUss sssll §3121 28213 SS5 ’ 2 oi* csT ^ 12 2 170 41 17 27 9 148 86 14 70 9 9 75 30 40 13 96 88 23 1 72 6 31 101 36 s is issss 5® 32 *- i CO • CO *8128 SSSS9 8S932 S8S58 sls § ! t-h t-h 1 s 11 15 98 203 23232 39383 BsSls 83332 SsS 3 1 MOO^C^'*-H»-<^H C-l C* 1 33 1 21 197 329 ^SS8§ SSgSS |S22| SSSSg S22 g « *■' »o ' CO co k8 299 72 1,402 324 75 573 196 121 866 96 197 86 277 601 153 77 257 175 137 262 27 135 142 g COWNN lO *3888 8.3888 58838 38828 9ES i " ^ H (M CO ^ * OO IS- O iONCOiOCO l>» CM t''- t''- tO t-h rf* CM tO t-h 0 00 00 05^ OOC5COHCO CM CO CM t''- CO tO 05 05 to CO to CO ^ CM to CM CO O lOiHCOOON t-h tO to h OOOcONtO tO hhN O^cOhcO Regular Session Other faculty (research, extension, etc.) Women H 7,916 CO CO CO o 00 t>-tOC500rt« CO © tO 05 H 05 CM CM CO NtOO^^t CO CO O 05 CO CO CM tO to CM COCMNCOrH CM CO to tO N CM N >0 N t-h CM CM CM CM CM t-h CO CM CM t-h CO CM t-h t-h Men 10 21,118 05 05 CO OO 05 CO CO 00 CO totooocooo 00 05 05 CO OO CO to 00 ^ OrJiOcOiO T^NOHH to 05 C5 CO O tOCOOO^H^ C0^ 00 05N CO t-h ^ CO HHtOlOH OOCMCO-^tO ^ t-h t-h 1— ( !>. t-h CO CO CO CM T-H r-T Noncollegia te instructional Women - CO CM CM OO CO CO tOONN^ ^ t* tO »0 ^ C0 05N i CO ICM^VH CM O to CO CM CO CM th t', 00 CO CM » i i T* Men CO 1,109 I i i 00 CO CM O 00 t^^tOGM T-H O to CO CO CO ■ CM 00 tO ONO » ^ to • t-h CM tO CO CM < i CM CM t-h CM i » i 1 tO Collegiate instructional, including critic teachers Women F- 20,864 CO CM U- t* CM t-h 00 O 00 tOMOOOH t^cONN^ CO^H-^CO O CO CO H 05 05 05 CM ^COCOrt«C5 00 vH 05 o CO ^h rJH CO CO Tt* to T-H CM OO CO CM CM CO T-H O t* »0 l>- CM Tt* t-h CO CM 05 t>- CO tO *h CM Men V© 58,198 05 CM 00 ^ CO HtOCMN^ CO 05 CM CO CO tO t-h OO CO tJH CM tO CM ^4 O OO CUO N NOht^iO 05 05 CM CO t— r CM 00 t-h 05 OOcOcOt^OO OCONthO tHCMN^CO CO CO 00 GO O CM CO to O 05 ^ ^ CO T-H WHHH t-H t— T CO* T-H Administrative Women 2,1% T-h 05 to to 05 tH.i005C0T* NCOCOCMN O O L- U- Is- CO CM tO 00 05 CO CO CO T-H cm ^ CM 05 CM CM CM NtHCOCOOO to CO CM CO Men T* 5,233 rjH t-h O tO HrttHOtO CM ^ O CM O CO !>- 00 CO NCOiHCOtH C5 to 00 Q CO COCMI^^CO NiOOOtHCO hn^cDh OOtH^OO t-H CM CM T-H t-H t-H CM hhh Total (excluding those employed in summer school only) Women - 30,653 05 00 ^ O 00 00 00 t-h t-h CO t-h o 05 CO ICOOC5N 05 to to O CM CM OO CD CM N COOJtOtON 05 CM TtU>- CO tO CO O CM CM tO CM CO 05 O t'— T-H TtH U- CO CO to CO T-H tOOOOOOtO NtHIOCOCM rHCONHlO CM T-H T-H T-H Men N : 79,522 NlOMN-l ONOlttN OOOONOO O 03 t>. O tH CO 05 t-i NtDOOOS 55 03 00 00 03 J'COOOOiN -rJIOOt^COlO NOOmiOtO Tfl *01 *-l Cl — i tDMiHtOliS HOU3MIN CO 1*5 O- 00 MiHtHiOO r* HOOrt" —7—7 co'm'wh —7 --T CO 03~ -H -H — < State H Continental United States Alabama . . . Arizona _ _ Arkansas... _ _ California _ _ Colorado . . . . . Connecticut . . . . . Delaware. _ _ Florida _ .. Georgia _ .. ... . . ... _ Idaho _ _ Illinois _ _ _ ... Indiana.. _ _ Iowa _ _ Kansas.. . Kentucky _ _ Louisiana _ _ _ Maine _ _ Maryland.. . ... _ Massachusetts _ _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ _ Montana _ i s a D HIGHER EDUCATION 69 O co co o o* « iC N N W Oi^^ON »-* rc ci n o* co 5 05 tS S ?5 S* SSi : cr: »C 1C •<* 'X C O »o o ^ ^ oa^c r» r- ;CO»QcOCJ MNN CO O CO *— • t- *t* CO CM as ► CM M CO CO CO »Q »D CM t* * CM CO CD t*< »C i'ON ^ CO CM O O 00 M CM CO 00 00 »D ©COiOMiH Oil tQCOCOOO CM 00 MOO O CM (M ^ 00 (MWNiON SQlM^O OcOOCJOO MMNhcO Nt^hN CM CM - *-h CO & * ® ^ZZZZ - a . Jg O tfssS a 2 s 3 J o E £-p £ o ® £5000 AnrtcccBEH £3 S.S1 hP» C£ £ a m s a Ml •£:£ 2 M 3 p c o CSJ.-J & J I S ! <5OW0h 0 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 co e <55 •o "W CC S z o 2 r. 2 •S § i i ^3 a, § -c i .S« I ■3 u I Regular Session Summer Session, 1947 total teaching staff Women CO s oo !>• ICO . »-h co» T-H Men o 9,387 to 1 CO co co CO o H 1 1 H to 05 Oq 1 1 CO CO l 1 1 03 t— © t— 00 -^1 eo ID © © OHNcom C— 00 ID HH HNHH CO 1-H © CO Noncollegiate instructional Women o* 1,182 2Hhh^ CO 1-H ID ID lDi-H©-tlCO 03 05 © 03 i-H © © 03 © C3 CO Cl -O 03 03 hJH IDCO-^I 03 CO 03 — Men 00 1,509 NHCOlO 1 t-H t-h CO i to CO 00 Hjl 03 Hjl 03 00 1 CO © 03 CO HOlHiKX) r-»lD 03 ID i i-H 03 © t— 00 © 1-H 03 ' Collegiate instructional, including critic teachers Women t- 22,642 © ID ID ID 03 00 05 CO CD CO ID 03 ID T* 03 05 ID i-H CD h* CON«c-IOO O CO 05 ■'cH 05 CO CO ID ID i-H 05 05 05 00 CO 00 OCOOOCOH CO Ht'H 03 03 itfl CO ID Hfl CO CO CO CO CO CO ID i— 1 00 03 Men 72,500 CD CO H 05 ID t- 05 CO © © ID T* © 03 03 CO CO 05 CO 03 03 03 03 03 DTHOaNt- 00 1-1 CO CO CO OS 00 Jo ^ 03 CO 03 00 CO 1-H CO 05 CO ID 00 CO CO HC3IDNO 00 H 00 ID CO 1-4 W1H 1—1 1-H CO i-l 03 Administrative Women tO 4,297 OO 1— 1 CO CO 00 if CO 00 t— CO CO 00 03 C-i 1—1 03 CO O CO 00 O t— CO CO ID CO CO 03 O -tfl © t— OOt—tH-OO NCONiHW 03 ID 05 ID i-H 1-H !-H 03 CO i-H Men -* 7,828 03 I# H -cjl O- t)UONCOC3 CO iH CO O 05 05 T* ID 05 05 CO ID CO OO — < 05 t- Hd CO CO 05 id 1-H 005t-005 05 hH i-H 03 CO CO ID ID H 00 CO 1-H i-H CO 1-H i-l i-H i-H hJH 1-H i-H 03 Total (excluding those employed in summer school only) Women CO 28,391 00 !>• CS1 CO CSJ MONACO CO >0 N 0 .05 COOlNr}<(N C4 00 -0 O'. cDr-dH(Nrh MCOt^cOO iO M O rt< cO CUOH ^ CO CO H05H tO 00 tO OOnOCOiO r^HiON^ CONH Ol C 00^0 fcsTjj? C O fl — oS«8 1 Men VO 442,330 5,332 979 3,971 138,227 6,464 2,517 1.416 2,334 8,047 119 18,583 14,590 7,135 8,157 4,537 2,123 271 1,734 3,789 10,508 11,249 1,137 7,425 912 3,096 ill Wom¬ en 2 1 s 1,196 537 270 324 258 00 260 409 210 1,822 984 1,573 665 1,534 1,165 90 232 645 1,103 918 633 787 210 3571 1 g“ Men 42,039 976 518 336 1,286 209 238 241 676 494 4.118 1,298 1,292 380 1.118 1,172 106 157 1,398 2,036 1,594 369 1,431 251 901 cgoo to CP CO CM 32222 co co in*' cm' oo Men 00 1,659,416 22,764 7,551 12,375 125,910 23,963 21,061 2,067 22,215 25,990 6,138 114,571 47,431 30,881 26,534 21,573 26,371 6,617 22,979 65,619 71,664 36,478 12,729 44,279 6,533 14,595 Ch cQ Wom¬ en t- 72,768 252 211 625 2,842 569 189 18 241 325 213 9,190 1,133 548 722 265 f"iSi t-h eo co 379 159 1,200 90 387 •|J a a CO 3 Men © 108,559 11 £§8 sss§i Islls ® s 2,501 125 2,598 4,953 4,269 256 88 1,521 163 849 © 3 3 Wom¬ en LO 54,255 325 275 119 3,708 726 313 33 451 510 47 3,576 998 640 553 339 365 25 605 2,214 4,224 SSggs ”3 o Men 120,177 507 292 269 10,349 2,257 1,430 279 830 815 127 8,298 2,802 2,297 1,079 898 1,338 106 2,056 6,194 7,113 2,983 237 2,237 231 726 -2 a0 1 MMO o> CC ills Sells Isisl S2ES3 § T3 3 8 OWWOOOi to CT- T* CM 2e,e*83! co' co’ oo cm" co 60 i gs > OS h* ssese nisi mu SSSgg -3 a P £> JS N 8 t-H cn> cs I HIGHER EDUCATION 3 Tioo 501 151 873 481 261 687 1 544 163 218 667 212 342 45 1,881 2 i i" ig S : :S2 N2 ; ; : i i i i i i : : i i ! rip rip § ii*i ssk§§ sss s : V N NN | CC [ 1,992 *o is i :2isl 1 iigS ” ilsS iSs!l sl” s i ■<* ■<* ! CO j » 180*2 Iscsl Bills IB1S1 SSSIs IE1 § ; W~g3 00' W ^0**0 <« “5N j 8 N o CM jsl • CM 2=s=” II1IS sslsl slSSa sll 3 i OJ g -9 g“» S« CC'° 2,022 8 ill 432 415 2,656 1,029 364 311 984 405 1,485 300 714 314 1,224 1,434 428 831 72 268 648 146 B i j jssi ilsp i£S3S 13 jg| S3 j j j s ;s ; —Sal 1*211 §S2'-I gsSss Is- S j CO i-» CM~ 0 0000 978 1 4,592 24,106 4,209 124,571 20,099 4.347 68,392 23,496 12,914 70,064 6,899 10,142 4,453 16.966 59,535 9,269 2,915 15,261 20,540 11,092 23.966 1,972 17,336 0 0000 Sills 8§ii§“ 12211 sslll III 3 i 1,345 28 281 423 613 ilpi Basil sslsR alsia 111 § 2 HONW 00- JO O j 1,369 6,823 35,175 6,418 193,295 30,496 6,585 102,422 33,194 18,369 104,712 9,383 16,678 6,408 25,128 87,532 14,235 4,247 23,384 27,930 16,231 34,771 2,872 26,218 6,653 0 0000 asSsl 88258 P8SS s!sf! IS2 1 i a “ *> “ : § 16 293 230 28 “Iasi §1115 Sspg Il”ll 5gs I " ~ g ^ ~ ~ ~ * s 18 332 190 31 -slaS S-Irs ssrs 35*81 si* 1 i CO y—4 CM* CM* ^ CM* s **638 lllas 538*3 slsli las 3 ! 7 os' eo o> c<7 CO wcocf^ci f7iO O j 4,249 74 64 1,265 2,846 IHIs lEass SIIS2 88E88 IIS 1 8 -"s'-g glass’ s“‘s“s ss^aa ss" s » 7,001 226 145 2,170 4,460 Nevada . . . New Hampshire . . New Jersey . . New Mexico . . New York . . North Carolina . North Dakota . . Ohio. _ _ _ Oklahoma. Oregon . . . Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island . . South Carolina . South Dakota . . . Tennessee . . . Utah.. . . . . . Vermont _ Virginia . Washington . . West Virginia . . . Wisconsin . . Wyoming . . . District of Columbia . U. S. service academies . Outlying parts of the United States. Alaska oanai ^one . . . . Hawaii _ Puerto Rico . 1 I 73 Publicly controlled institutions 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 £ 1 I 'O I a 1 ss o I 00 © H I 1 1 Individual instruction Wom¬ en £ 3,668 5 is :s R i : :s :s§is ! is ! i -3^=5 II III 1 1 1 1 1 II lit 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 I 1 1 Men 8 4,622 So ;g 8§ ; : issss ; |g ; ; - • • ■ • 1-1 ! 1^! ! 1°° • I iii i ill! ! Short courses Wom¬ en 3 48,219 ilsl2 SilSI s ;§S| gS|SR . - us CO 5© ■«* « iO CCrHCo'cod 05 ^ CO CQ 3 00 e- 3 s 83313 81838 81131 sSlil gills 50^05^3 £££££ SSg1005 Special and unclassified Wom¬ en **■> ! 33,517 Sips -aSI5 81888 sa3sl a§sss co" a a> s VO 45,265 lisp sssss ssgss ssssg ssssg JO CO Graduate Wom¬ en to 22,591 jfgpg S”I=S eslll SPSS §SSgS c7 Men 51,004 467 292 199 5,078 1,286 87 275 630 412 119 2,541 2,140 2,217 1,030 711 635 96 1,180 274 6,981 2,923 237 796 231 694 Undergraduate Wom¬ en 00 339,374 SSilS elSIs 33188 3E813 33881 CO CO T* JO 1C CM Ttc 05 rH CNj OO CO t-lO CO rH CO) CO 05 ^ 00 M CO Men N 834,396 17,806 7, 914 10,555 90,844 14,053 7,305 2,081 11,237 21,274 5,414 38,920 26,769 17,085 22,544 14,834 16,446 4,076 9,946 5,377 47,019 25,961 11,412 21,244 6,062 10,973 -2 $ rH Continental United States _ Alabama - - - Arizona _ — - - Arkansas - - - _ California _ Colorado _ ... Connecticut . . _ Delaware . . . Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho _ Illinois _ ... ... . . Indiana. _ _ Iowa.. ... Kansas _ ... . . Kentucky . ... _ Louisiana. .... Maine _ Maryland .. . .. ... ... Massachusetts _ _ Michigan _ __ . ... Minnesota _ ... .. Montana _ _ _ .. Nebraska _ HIGHER EDUCATION 75 ; ; ; ; ; s$s p ; s ;gs : §3 ; i050 ; ;M ; ; ; ; ; : : ; ; : 5 :ss ; 2 ; ; ;*• ; ; ; : : 5 136 148 4,014 2,309 5 935 2,121 9 174 358 716 417 250 71 23 391 59 3,654 124 1,992 is i ia8SB 3 Ills - jiSI IS»Si I i H <# ICOH 1 T r-H IONH r-i Cs| C^J H fQ 3 ■sas sail! sllsl Sslii Sails las 1 3 cv co (M ^ o T*«r oi 226 145 2,170 4,297 mu 2:2:00 g rS Privately controlled institutions 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 "e s o I 20 o M sn « S .0 <1 e «e V 33 Individual instruction Wom¬ en CS| 21,771 368 03 03 ' c3 T-H 1 l N- 04 i O3kOO 00 CO CO rH © CO rH CO CM © rH 00" rH CO rH Men ! ° ! 63,294 516 268 156 847 195 459 4 126 57 43 19,574 658 162 111 57 2,422 64 2,378 4,921 421 173 24 1.303 104 549 Graduate Wom¬ en - 1 h* ' 8 i s | 24 OO © IN Tf IC003-^ OOtncMOO • © iOhOJ N- • rf • *— itN^ 1-H 8 r* 03 03 CO CO • CO I In ^ 00 CO Iih • ^ CO Tf CM 1 1—8 co N- M * 1—8 1 rH 1-H t IN • Men -1 1 " 8 40 ©rHrH CO^OCOOO NC3003N COOCOON O • rH i CM N» N- IN rH OO ©©00^00 O rH IN M CO CO ' T* ICO - 03 CO 1 ; 100 i T* 00 1 Tf 1 1 1 | | Engineering Graduate Wom¬ en 21 142 i i i i i i CO 1 CO Ir^vo CO • 03 CO 1-H Men 20 13,497 CO oo a co oc 05 t~ ) COOCOVOC5 co 05 05 Cl N Or^vOOOvO CO ) rHCl^NiH 03 03 00 vO 03 • HH 1-H 05 VO 03 T-H v-4 VO O 05 ^ 287 47 20 Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en 19 1,191 OCJCOCDrH H T* CO ' ^ ^ vO ' i Tt* t>* CO VO 03 H 03 05 CO 03COCOCOOO CO COH i-t ^00 VO 03 Men 18 g VO co 03 4,054 809 1,215 8,161 5,727 1,492 713 1,113 4,448 746 11,923 13,048 4,222 4,823 2,096 3,940 1,582 2,772 10,269 14,966 5,746 1,256 6,417 1,521 1,776 Dentistry Grad¬ uate Wom¬ en 17 00 03 1 1 Men 16 355 00 VO CO i i 05 00 1 • CO T* » 1 1 Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en 15 262 1 CO 00 CO 03 CO VO 1*1 00 05 T* 03 'CO Men, 14 8,816 00 C 1 ihn co oo ' 00 03 vO O rf • 03 00 04H i O 05 05 03 co vo ^ cnciH oo 03 03 00 • 05 CO 1 ^ i o i Architecture Grad¬ uate Wom¬ en CO H § co i co 1 ' 03 CO • i I i i i Men N i— I 233 C3 CO 03 CO CO 44 1* '■*03 • ^ ! Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en — H 798 73 1* 03 ' Tf 03 i i CO CO 11 175 00 co CO Men 10 8,845 534 03 co CO 05 H 05 VO T— i 05 H T* 00 252 CO 1 H CO • 1 o 05 1 11*10 1 1 1 00 o- Agriculture Graduate Wom¬ en o 150 C5 VO 03 H T* 03 ^h CO ' ' CO • i 03 1 1 Men CO 3,956 r* co 03 CO O CO 03 !>■ CO iH CO N CO 05 O 03 OOO’-'NO CO t>« co *-• oooonu: oho^co 01 1-H 03 CO i-l i-4 CO 163 18 68 ■ 5 S § Tl Wom¬ en 03 Oi 00 21 19 1 12 24 CO CO 03 OOvOCOt^O 00 O ^ 03 COH ICO ' 03 CO H h CO 03 03 VO ' i-< ' 00 00*0^ OiNrHCON CO CO o o o QiOONiO 03 co co co t'** t-T i-7 03 t-T 03 CO 05 CO CO CO 05 CO 03 T* vo co *>■ ^ o t-h co oo * 03 i-H OO C COOOO* § CC 5 W <3 o fa £ o a §e 9 a o. to co co CO 00 COONOTtl iH o CO OHHTfOO OC0HTf05 O H O CO CO 03 CO CO i-» 03 CO 00 00 hhMt^N rt> t-H 00 03 VO ^ t-H ,_H VO r*H lO T-H 05 03 ^ OO 03 03 00 03 VO <54 O ^ CO CO HHCOCO 05 vO !>• 03 00 VO 00 O 05 ^ 00 VO CO CO ga £ 0 03 O 03 vO -rH CO 03 03 00 r* CO 03 CO 03 t-h CO i-7 CO ^ t>7 vONO-^N 03 t>- 00 03 t-H CO CO CO t^oTrH O VO CO 1— < CO O^^iON VO T-Tot^OO CO co O 03 C3COiHCOrH VO 00 OO VO cDhVvOvo' t^Tt< ^ VO 05 03 CO i-H CO -nf VO CO rH VO Co" 1-7 CO* 05 CO t-H 05 Th* ^ 05 05 00 03 CO 05 O t-h 03 vO 00 03 00!>-03C01— t C003t^gm 03 tH CO »0 03 O 05 05 00 03 CO VO 03 IH tH 03 CO 03 O 00 00 00 03 O 05 CO co 03 rH 03 rH OO CC WNOOlV ts © © -p Cl e? 93 Sfl 1 O 33 ea z m . fiji Ja < .2 © !?■ §®°8: OQfeOh - ^ISS MM a •5 a 5 >> on O 8'" W 2 a o3 a ^> »> *<*■ ^ ^ S.g i'g* co 55 15 a g.a 8-2 2 m ® h •S.2.! o a a a. a .3.2.2 c HIGHER EDUCATION 79 ! ! ! «co j^SS 3 : • CO CM O i [CM ; i ; j i III || III || | | | i i : • $ ; ! is ills! 31881 sl§3§ IIs s |38 • i "456 "“I 1 47 i cm r- ■ > i i • ® ;{: : : CM CM i i-H • i i i CM • i i . i CM *-H »— < i i 1 ;sj 3§| ss-sss | ; ■H CO SU5S g&^§§ §532 g : ;a: 10 13 164 9 1 74 60 6 32 8 5 4 9 139 4 3 13 16 210 22 j i 1 CM Hill Si?S§ gslSi 3E889 §§§ S 1 X5^w -i c«f oo i-4 (M* .-i c<7 r-T oo -^Tro* H^' CO CO E 3 |li 1 1 l l i ■ j ;g i | ill i 05 - i i i i 7 223 55 1 ! ° ! ico oo - c 1 M CO • 1 1 ; :g sesss sg 682 414 is2 1 c • s s ; j 1 It *•11 CM H lO 1 CO 11 II 1 II • CO 3 i ;0OC Mil lOCON i OO I i & 1 1 *— 1 i— 1 1 05 II it i ii ‘i 33 87 212 56 7 47 105 78 457 15 to i o i i 100 4 183 9 1 49 18 35 84 3 • CM CM JO Tt< O CM 2- CO * ' c 1 1 o *8858 11 SSI 1SSIS IssSI ill ’-t C^T CO~ CM »-< S |si -«§§! l-sls is«s§ life | : \o th c7 — t i— r j s *B88S 88388 !326I 38SIS SI8 8 ! 1-H CO* t-T CO CM 1-HCMCMi s :g°° SSS38 iSlsI sills §1112 ill I i o-oot^^ «<» *- ; 2 "1 CM 74 64 730 1,351 617 4,920 19,067 2,645 84,766 19,928 3,596 60,757 15,187 10,164 63,455 4,998 9,013 3,914 13,029 45,937 10,357 2,818 14,204 21,725 11,821 14,761 1,386 16,003 170 145 1,694 2,802 Je*» - -Bd , — iiiii mu mu id ii| |j ZZOOO Cl,«c»cbH hp»^ ££ ini I .H M I I Table 7.— Students in arts and sciences and in professional schools , by level of training , by sex , and by State , 1947-481— Continued Professional schools of — Pharmacy Other professional schools BIE cS 1 0 NNIA1 1 e | ® . SURVE1 »j § CM r OF EDUC4 sgsss s :s lTION, 1946-48 IIs 3*115 gsass c\T O IS 5 * s SSRsl 1-ip gsgsi Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en 3 § 3 Iglil BPS Ills" ISI1S 3I1S1 1-H HP5 CM Cm" esfr-H CO T-I 1C CO rt< TJH . © 3 2 CO IsSSi HESIi IlSIs ISiis II1SI corficoowj ® 0®IN10^ jo c<5 <© co i-l *~T Tt< Graduate Wom¬ en 1 9 -i i i ti¬ ll 1 o 1 1 1 q e © js § ^ l I C$Th°* . 1 1 1 2 Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en ,1 * 00 CSI 5N,°§S? 2g !“ 21 27 56 107 35 22 19 64 338 32833 S © 38 17,788 535 80 230 638 275 178 107 4 1 356 440 594 361 242 197 445 227 358 1,414 356 281 611 130 339 Nursing Graduate HR Wom¬ en 5 $ I r j j j | © IS 8 Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en $ 18,155 S j 557 463 281 7n 88833 §s§sg g isg§ a CD 2 ▼H I t | 00 • CM i i i 1 1 jg-.* 1 1 1 1 Medicine Graduate Wom¬ en 3 § i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 l 05 i i • 1 00 t>- 1 1 1 1— < 1 ^ ^ « • d a> £ 3 3,675 ! I il i " i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 1 1 20 14 3 355 LI 186 \Zl Q Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en 2 2,510 3 IS j 131 26 44 8™ S \i \8 a © § s 24,138 S jl 1,083 220 233 I* 3SS88 g ji CM sSS 3*3 js c3 Graduate Wom¬ en s 3 S : ! a © s 3 : ; : 0 i10 ; 00 il"' 5S ; :§ ; Under¬ graduate Wom¬ en | 5 2,486 26 5 4 153 24 39 39 8S3223 3 IS s|s: ^r00 c ai 3 2 60,391 3,645 166 212 3,350 631 722 1.374 1,253 81 3 242 845 709 442 713 828 901 ooi 4,672 6,150 1,188 244 1,399 163 436 State - 1 jl Alabama _ Arizona . . . . California... . .. _ Colorado _ . _ _ Connecticut . . .. Delaware _ _ Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho . . Illinois.... Indiana . . ill Louisiana. _ Maine Massachusetts . . Michigan Minnesota _ _ $S=T . -- Montana _ Nebraska _ HIGHER EDUCATION 81 285 173 10,922 31 ”“259 18 73 117 23 229 450 928 62 3 108 42 65 91 2 349 II 2 2 596 156 12,933 57 16 254 15 206 949 I j 568 897 66 55 109 105 255 6 753 II 8 8 SSI ISISI iiSSS Sills 11 110 1,493 1,087 34 1,053 CO »H O CO 00 00 *h t'- ^ f'- CO sisal Ilill glssl SI5S1 g£3 1 1 co > j ; : li o oo > i S o <3 i : i | : : ill a a-s- li g i | j i IUJ id -s a i ill ill Outlying parts of the United States tvaii . . . i E*P>: Table 8.— Current income , institutions of higher education , by State , 1947—48 A. — All institutions Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (000 Omitted ) 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-43 s 5 S o o co o o ONNQCO TfN»0005 OOr-OOC^CO WOOO' O 00 1C 05 CO 0 NOO^tH C5 l>- c T* CO CM CM ! i l! ! °a»lI HHON iOCOrHCXJri ) T* 1-H lO CD 00 05 ' ' 0 00 (MN^05iH »OCOCOOrH 0^w»0^ N^-^OOO ► 05 r-< lOHCQ* CM CM CM in CO Ow’iO' " I 1-H CM 1-» S a o 00 CO 05 CM HNOOOO 00 CO 05 co »o © io © co oT CO COhh CO CO CO CO 00 CO 05C0C0NO ^ CM TH tjT IO OO^CMOOO < 1-H o r^ortT log .lg 3 15 S ’>*0,5 £ 05 CM O O CO CM CO ^ O 05 C0 1C05ON 05 to 00 CO 05 1-H Ttl 00 CO CM »h OO • OOOCOCO 05 © Tt* CM CO t^Ol^c i io i-H co TtC CO ^ cm" r-T _2 to ■£'So § 2 Ph m O O CM 00 00 CO ^ CO CM CM r-H CM CO 00 l>- 05 > CO lO 00 i Tf 05 I>* cm" *o cm" (NCONlOO H a § H s CM ^ CO 05 CO 05C0ONH 05 OO «-0 ^ CO XC0HC0 05 C000t^c005 CCC005000 05 L- 1>- CM CM ^C0^0>0 is 2fl hi | a uco»o < OO rH 00 rH CM 05 CO i-H cq § a tW O ‘O CO hH CO 1-H 05 CO co CO CM CO CO co cm" rjT tjT tjT WOrjcOCO HNNOCM 05 CO CM 00 CM i CO CO CO 05 CM ^•^lOOOO CM CO CM rf ^ CM 05 Tf 00 CO CM CM H H r-H CO«5H g § s g-§ § ^NOOc )HHTt- CO -Th 00 ICHHCOIO < 00 1C CO CM i iCN iO 05 t < r-H CM»ONc (M rH rH CM C5 a g o Go 3 . O ■££ oo3 AJ N B O ChS U S' -S’E’h 03 Q k' c — ' s CO =sSI2 82888 Sills 8*888 S3§ = of CO* CO CO »c of of *-* s i is isgsg ^sssg 5 is is? s£K??£ ssr; s CO* — * • of iSiss slsll 88511 IlSsI Sis i 5,619 I ;IS * ^ CO* *— of co *o co **r oo ^ of ^ ^ ^ oi ^ rfl ^ — » *-* :i04 | 380 2.701 450 17.461 2,241 600 1.891 1,171 701 5,558 609 1,167 640 1,592 3,819 681 343 1,545 1,070 769 1,112 417 2,577 18,624 1,162 *s ;ss SSisl SSlii cipS I1SII IIS g m m to ie®ro t«NMrt>o oo ^ ~ •*£ co moo* V 1 ^ c SlsSi sells Igfll Hill §38 s to tCMM NNM .ft ^ - t- M - CD *C N Cl i 0^*0 t* ^ ^ CO ^ i^t-h Oi CO CO ^ I CO • 1 • 1 1 1 I • • 1 Auxiliary enter¬ prises and activities $ 22,951 o CO uo to to CO CO 00 ^ CO to 05 CO 07 t-h 00 tO r-tNiO^O OO CO CO tp COiONfHN OiHOCOCO T* U** L- 05 l>- QOWhO ONCOO^ 05 CO 00 to tO COCCh*OiH O^CO^iO O^OHOl COMMON 07 ^>Oh OO CO 07 CO t^T t-h 07 CO 05* tJH* C- C^7 tH 05 OOOOOOCO 05 CO OO CO O ONNCO COONCOO COiH^OiN 1— • O 00 to OO 00 to 00 CO CO i— 1 CO 05 00 tO 00 i— i to 05 07 07 Tf 07 t-— OTfrHQiOO t* C7 O t-h CO CO t-i CO i-» C7 t-h 1-H HCOH 07^ 07 00 CO t-* t- Private gifts and grants 00 $ 14,556 • ill 07 1 CO 07 CO hhOOh i CJir-iH 1 CO tO 1 00 00 1—1 NNOcDO to 1 CO 00 07 CO COCO 1 OOOH ICO 00 1 CO CO to N CQCO 0 07 1 007 -h 1 tJ11 1 ill 1 111 i ill Endow¬ ment earnings t- $ 7,919 HrfiNOOO to CO CO OiOONN lOCOcONr^ t-i 00 CO CO 00 CO CO CO 05 CO !>• 07 COtOCOcOtO HCOCOHO T-I CO 05 CO 07 07 1— 07 00 00 Local govern¬ ment $ 47,240 05 to 1—1 ^ O Tt* CO CO CO tO Tf* O 00 07 05 05 T-I (05 l>- to 07 00 CO ^ 00 c0 05^C0iH 0 HC1CO OOt^rt^l^t^ 07^10 000 NNTfiHC Tf* 07 COtO CO — - t-i t-* NCQHOCO 1-1 07 05 10005 ^ 07 07 — - CO h State govern¬ ment $332,096 CO 0 to to 1— 1 COOOlHN *0^05C0t0 00 07 07 ^ CO t>* CD 00 00 © ^ T-I 05 1-1 CO »0 00 tO 07 CO tO 00 O tO CO 0— <100707 HOOhNth O CO 07 CD CO ^ CO 05 CO lOO^OCO T^cOCQNtO HNNON CO 07 Tt'i Tf Tf CO 05 CO 07 00 07 t— i 00 tP O-hOWO 1— • C7 07 -Hp CO 07 T-I 1— 1 1-1 .T-I T-H Federal Government For other purposes $ 92,923 0007t-i07 Tt«00O5Tt*T-i iCihCOOth OQ O 0*0 OO O CO 00 © cr. N cO CO 07 rJlOOOON 00 O O OO ^ lO^OCON ^ 07 05 tP ^ CO CO CO CO 07 tP CO »D 07 «*P t-i 0 © "'P "P -ip CD © -

CO OO 3 oo 422 76 3,077 5,010 §5SS8 *-'*g§3S |SS|S °S32 j 8 is? «3 ial S33SS '“-111 11111 S33 ’ ! csT ** CO ^ l O iss 13 5 29 401 3 2,389 80 104 164 3 193 524 257 109 240 478 17 1,121 88 1 8 CO i SS2SSS &83|2 ° i 2 ! !o 50 305 198 13,860 5 23 1,918 20 243 20 93 23 2,299 37 73 24 375 20 113 57 562 i is 111 SISSS 1=111 3SSES BIS | i CO CO OO T* <»•<* ^ ^ s 1 1,908 3,447 II-II if SB I lists |ll|l SIS 1 | s s5Ss 11115 IsilS sills S5ISI 111 “ i E 14 2 227 135 lilts SISSS SBSSS SSS3S IIS * ! *4 C* ^ ^ ^ *© *4 HH I 10 27 337 556 : : : : : ; ; j ; : : ; ; ; ; : : : ; : : ; : : : o| : I .2 I I c l S ! s I ft V £ I 1 I t ! .5 1 •s I I 1 1 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total current income $975,686 7,871 423 2,723 56,181 7,593 23,819 218 11,145 14,263 855 92,860 21,474 13,320 5,293 8,844 10,337 4,629 16,197 96,423 13,949 13,137 2,541 28,872 576 4,791 Other non- educa- tional purposes CO o* 00 ©rH-^WOO ©©CO©© » 00 ^ »-h cm© »hootj<- 00 00 U- 00 © © 05 T-H © lO 05 CO © © CM 00©COt^t"- CM 00 OO CO © lOOO^HOO CM i— 1 1-H © COCO © CO CO i-T CM © ^ © 05 r-< Table ft.— Current income , institutions of higher education , by State , 1947— 48— Con tin C. — Privately controlled institutions Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (OOO Omitted ) Educational and general income Total educa¬ tional and general income 3 $727,159 © 05 00 © Tt< CM 05 Jp- CM OOCO©t>«05 CM 1 CM 00 fHiOPOCON CM © © CO CO CO © 00 © ©©05©© !>©iO»CO r-iONOON 00 CM CO © COfH»CiOtO CM © t* © ON^hOOCM © © CO © ^ © 00 © jOCOOOCOrf © CM CO © t'- *-i © CM Miscel¬ laneous sources O $ 19,023 142 © © CM ?H 00 © 00 © CM © © i— 1 -^^NCOH COt>-©©t^» *>■©©©© Tt*©CM © © CM 00 CM OO ^ 05 t>- © t-1 CO T-H © ^ 1-H T-I >© © CM CM H CM Sales and services of related activities CT> $ 39,443 164 33 2,858 104 77 CM © OO © CO ©t^-t^CO^t* CO » © 00 © t1-* CM 00 00 co CM rf« © ''t* © i © © CO t>- © T-* i© t'- ^ i CM CM CM © ' Private gifts and grants 00 $ 76,912 © 00 © CO CC CO 0501>0t-00 00 04 N t— 1C 00 CO 00 Tfl O) -<*1 CO 00 T}< f- o OtDNNIM — H OO t— t— !M C&eCCO'-HTO W©f5 C<5 -*ll tl©COI » III i ill i i CM ' 1 ill i til ii i l lit i ill it ) i ill i ill ii i I ill i ill ii t i ill i ill it i i ill i ill ii l i ill I iii ii » • ill i t i it i » iii State govern¬ ment © © 00 cm © OO • oo i » © 1 i • » CM i-H ’ y-> i © CM © COCOTt**-* » i l © CO CO ' i i CM » i i ' i i i i i • i i > i l 1 i l ' t i » Federal Government For other purposes - $ 68,826 1 OO ^ • © »*H » co • © t oo r>- © CM©© i i CM ihh i © ^ © i ' OO © ’— i i i© i 05 00 ' 00 t— 1 CM i i CO II ! CM © I i i i i i> ii l i » » ii l i • > For Veterans’ education « $203,645 1,356 220 420 11,027 3,224 4,181 22 3,801 1,604 114 17,057 5,093 3,018 543 876 2,283 838 2,100 17,007 3,632 2,106 380 5,590 100 854 Student fees cm £ © © M *0- 1,513 9 684 12,315 1,632 5,376 43 2,931 2,284 219 19,433 4,926 3,624 1,183 1,183 1,987 969 3,006 21,646 3,693 3,015 737 7,520 82 1,134 © e3 m - Continental United States' _ Alabama . - Arkansas _ .. ... ... California _ _ Colorado _ _ _ Connecticut _ _ Florida . . . Georgia . . _ _ Idaho _ .. Illinois . . _. . Indiana . - .. _ Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas.. _ . . . Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ _ Maine _ .. _ Maryland _ ......... Massachusetts _ _ Michigan. .. _ _ Minnesota _ _ Mississippi . . . . Missouri _ _ Montana _ _ Nebraska.. . _ ... HIGHER EDUCATION 87 iil«8 85155 =111= Sills II 20,865 1 3 S §»oc-oo ««««• 9f-E‘l 2,319 115 8 800 34 10 982 104 98 14 154 93 1 80 183 70 124 1 ill , *-4 29,004 6,774 156 11,564 1,590 1,487 20,265 2,446 3,190 420 6,479 8,137 1,111 1,602 4,803 2,099 1,516 3,322 1 i 3,954 22,244 78 150,298 13,839 248 28,682 3,092 3,619 83,970 6,273 4,805 1,206 11,686 15,044 1,557 2,306 7,843 3,912 2,502 8,403 15,894 S3 152 576 3 4,606 279 5 334 196 27 2,510 55 139 3 175 408 24 44 189 33 39 491 1 1 is is ri i» 9 l*=i g^s* ss N W 00 i 189 ‘ X llss !sils HjslSI mu IS ^ ^ co" co ^ cm *-• 1,797 co » < cm i gsiss sisss r§is m CO CM CO 40 CM ^ CM CM s ; : i i $ i i is w i i i i 1 40 1 - r 3s I ja s js | | a- co • ' ' oT • * 15 2,648 S 1 is r SS" is ■- i i”~ CO < • 40 2,318 1,163 6,415 5 44,221 2,721 51 9,559 1,461 1,713 26,273 2,497 1,070 355 2,581 4,535 357 426 1,478 1,301 772 2,544 4,701 CO i§ssl Bills Bliss 2§ ^ 2’"'~ S"" ^ -w 4,837 o Table 9.— Private gifts and grants to endowment and other nonexpendable funds , institutions of higher education , by control and State , 1947-48 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 HIGHER EDUCATION 89 HIGHER EDUCATION 91 Table 10. — Receipts specifically designated for plant expansion , institutions of higher education , by type , control , and State , 1947—48 Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (000 Omitted) State Total for all institutions Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges 1 Junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States1. $364,902 $188,667 $108,640 $ 40,904 $388 $ 18,432 $ 7,870 5,586 4,414 687 440 45 2,172 917 918 337 5,036 1,853 1,844 691 641 7 31,601 12,351 7,671 11,416 163 4,267 2,196 1,174 401 387 109 5,481 4,455 712 253 61 39 5 34 8,529 6,352 2,153 24 5,780 4 '396 1,017 5 190 172 1,349 930 242 107 70 Illinois . . 27,764 9,128 9,185 9,027 82 124 218 13,786 10,795 2,345 511 135 4,175 2,025 1,206 610 185 150 3,967 2,158 1,075 625 11 98 6,164 3,775 1,711 578 100 4,651 2,749 1,174 727 1,428 784 263 381 Maryland _ _ 9,600 8,017 1,540 43 Massachusetts _ 10,532 3,359 6,908 45 126 94 Michigan _ 20,362 12,833 2,494 5,006 29 Minnesota _ 7,282 2,446 2,761 2,056 6 13 Mississippi _ _ 3,380 2,445 400 289 107 138 Missouri _ 7,924 3,167 2,531 1,297 19 909 Montana _ 2,243 l',899 345 Nebraska— . 2,635 1,542 723 165 106 20 79 Nevada _ 337 337 New Hampshire _ 2,340 2.287 18 6 29 New Jersey _ 5,591 464 4,915 91 121 New Mexico _ 1,045 1,003 42 New York . . . 20,317 880 13,613 3,290 331 2,203 North Carolina. _ 16,791 12,110 2,968 1,110 604 North Dakota _ 3,106 2,255 57 509 285 Ohio _ _ 16,169 11,086 5,083 Oklahoma _ 10,524 6,628 1,400 1,795 701 Oregon 6,030 4,446 803 679 74 28 Pennsylvania .. 11,300 10,711 151 438 Rhode Island _ 925 925 South Carolina _ 1,734 1,025 613 96 South Dakota _ 2,546 1,890 129 493 34 Tennessee _ 8,941 3,964 2,958 1,816 203 Texas 23,155 11,109 4,795 3,277 3,302 672 Utah.. 1,895 1,483 247 165 Vermont . . 613 67 480 50 16 Virginia . . . 9,263 8,188 812 88 175 Washington . 15,070 11,395 939 2,736 West Virginia . 4,323 2,859 970 494 Wisconsin . 1,740 99 1,500 108 33 Wyoming. . . 88 88 District of Columbia... 5,325 13 4,888 30 . 394 Outlying parts ! of the United States _ 967 909 58 Hawaii . . 187 187 Puerto Rico . 780 722 58 1 National total figures do not in every instance represent totals of individual State entries, as each entry in this table is independently rounded. Table 1 1.— Current expenditures , institutions of higher education , by State , 1947—48 A. — All institutions Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (OOO Omitted ) 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total current expendi¬ tures $1,883,271 eiNeooia ■<*< a> co oo on^usm onnoo-# to oo oo 10 ro N0U30N aootowo oouscq^ lO C3 03 lO ®112 00M O O 'f'ONrtN OlOONrt u- 1— t cst 00 HOtMt-O - ©3 CONNt- 1 lO 00030 10 0 •" c<3 Oi N CD 03 NCOD3N® 00 03 CO r* CO UO-HOOt-iO lOcM-^OCO >0 oo Ol *-» CM — < ©3 -COCNHrt 03 (NNK3 CO t— CO — < Related activities 00 $ 85,346 CilNHWiO 0 N CO O OO Tf ^ 05-htHt^(N (NOOCO^iO IN 00NWO05 OiNNiOiO (MhNWtI* COOCONN — < CM HHH t* C4 CO ^ CO ON C5 W 00 N 05 © 03 t-h CO CO O h C5 ^ C5) N» 05) C5> tC CM <T tJ 3,492 135 45 1,186 2,126 1383 isssS SlisE ISIS! III 3 1 CO CO CO »C1 i-H CO OS © ,-h — i Cl C-7 r-T — * Auxiliary enterprises and activities o $221,695 5,145 2,280 3,132 10,677 4,378 2,499 326 4,597 5,456 1,394 8,035 11,821 7,468 2,888 3,155 6,580 1,514 2,257 1,119 12,814 17,322 4,520 2,790 1,920 2,663 597 Educational and general Total educa¬ tional and general cn $712,988 13,547 5,107 7,655 89,591 13,819 5,529 2,027 11,053 13,595 3,908 40, 159 26,270 21,491 15,946 11,076 14,769 3,458 10,726 7,063 49,028 24,832 10,034 14,268 4,222 9,570 1,365 Related activities - ^ i-h • 04 © NOJHINOO UO lO lO CO t"- CO 04 CO © © 04 CO OCOOO 1 OO CO W H t>. H o tONH COCOlNOSrH © CO 04 CO CO ^ © »© CO 03* i t-i © 1-? N O N H I ) t i : Physical plant operation and main¬ tenance $ 94,679 CO©^©© ^ O O 00 CO NiONDtO CONDOS © iO OO OO N O OiNONCJ N^COtOH rH^CONr^ t'- OODCO^t CD CO CO 05 CD lOCOiHDN 04 © t— I © © © CO © © i-H oi *-» i-h cd ei • 00 © © © © © CO © © ^irHHCOW i-» CO^V-J CO © © CO © hhco OO CDO (N of ~-T Extension - $ 62,225 ^ C5 ■»-( CD OO rHCONWO b'.CO©r-<04 -«*t}*©©© iODIONCO © CO ’-i © © CD 00 D- OO © © NNONN *hhD00 00 t^^GOCON © 04 ^ © © TH © i— < CO ^ iOr^iOOCD OO CO © CO © © 00 © i-h —« 04 HCCH 04 WCOTHfH^ i~t *-• O^ i— — v-H Organized research $ 83,041 © © 04 © © © CO i— i i— : r-H © CO 05 CO © © © © t- tONr^OOCO T^DCOiON CO CO © © © 00 QO v—; CO 04 t"— © !>• CO CO IQ OO ^ D D © 04 -rF © CO 04 04 © 04 (Ni-i©^D CO © CO © — - ▼-» CO t- © © » t-4 © CO 04* ^ CO i-T — ~ CO Resident instruction OQ $340,027 04 i-t v-1 © 00 © 04 Ttt (MkONCOrh CO CD 04 CO 00 04 © © © 04 04 CO 00 04 00 © © © 00 ^ H O OO © © © O 04 — < © 00 ^ 04 0400©©© ^ ^ © © i-i -^©04^i-» ^ © i— ! © t-h © © 04 C4 W © CO © © — * ©COOOOO© © i— i Tt* CO ^ © CO © 04 CO — 1 ^-1 04 1— Adminis¬ tration and general expense 04 © tH © i-h 00 © 04 ^ ©©t^-©© 00 © © © © 00 © © ^ ©CO^fH©© 04 OOt'-CO©-*f 1—1 © CO © ©*^04 00© t>» © C>- !>«> © 04 I>- CO CO ^ t-h © 00 © ^ ©04 ©CO© i-h t-h ^ © © I^t^I^©© ©OOt^COt^ — ' i-T © i-H ^ 04^ i-4 i-T © 04 f-T & W w - Continental United States* _ Alabama- _ .. _ Arizona.. _ _ _ _ _ Arkansas _ _ _ _ _ _ California . . . Colorado - - Connecticut _ . . . Delaware _ _ _ _ Florida _ _ _ _ _ _ Georgia _ _ _ _ _ Idaho _ _ _ _ _ _ Illinois . . . Indiana.. _ _ _ _ _ Iowa _ _ _ Kansas . . . . _ _ _ Kentucky _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ _ _ _ _ Maine _ . . . . Maryland . . . . . Massachusetts _ _ _ Michigan. . . . Minnesota . . ... _ Mississippi . . . . . Missouri _ _ _ Montana _ _ _ _ _ Nebraska . . . . . . . Nevada . . . . . HIGHER EDUCATION §111 §Ii§! S1S11 Ills! Ill 1 1 -■-''•-'s a«sas “”3”s “s-* s 10,798 608 84 3,588 6,518 “SiS ssgss |£&gg «5® - § »o j2i mi pill um mu iii b i csTV csTr^Tco cs co ci jo *-« 213 8 566 514 lias II;1§ SISSI SSS83 IIS 8 8 WW.OOO ^^.rojooo lON®f)2 oooocs.r-2 2 8 i °® 380 76 3,003 5,375 1 8*88 gSISI sss=s 12981 S3S * i 8 CO SSS1 S8B83 SSsll 83388 =ss 1 i w h »deJ CC Oh 3,397 135 45 1,186 2,031 8883. 88888 Isils 18838. Ill » 1 1,021 s»ss New Hampshire. - - - New Jersey . . . . . New Mexico _ _ _ _ New York _ _ _ _ North Carolina . North Dakota . . Ohio _ _ _ _ Oklahoma _ _ Oregon . . Pennsylvania. . . Rhode Island . . . . . South Carolina.. . . . South Dakota . . Utah . . . Vermont . . . Virginia. . . . Washington . . . . . West Virginia . . . . . Wisconsin. . . . . . Wyoming.. . . . District of Columbia . . . U. S. service academies . Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska . . . . oanai zione . . . . Hawaii _ _ _ _ _ Puerto Rico . . 1 National total figures do not in eveiT instance represent totals of individual State entries, as each entry in this table is independently rounded. Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (000 Omitted ) 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total current expendi¬ tures Hi 12 $931,476 LOOCimOffi «0 lO O CO ^ CC CO T* CO ^ O^OOB ROCOCO Tf C CO CO *0 ^iCNr-OO ©ONOOC OX OX t'- O (MOCN NNNiHCO OhiC ^ ri lO n I>- OX OX CO CO O'- Tt' O O OX to 00 oT co ox* ex* OX* OX* CO* tJ-* >e* to OX 05 OX 1 C5 1 «—* ox Other noneduca- tional expenses XT $ 35,577 ox CO CO »-h MOWOO CO CO OX OO t"* NOONOO O CO »0 O CC "Tf to co f— CO OX CO -^NOCOCO Tf05^HC0C0 to 00 CX CO N 05 ^ i-h OO ^ CO 00 to OX ox ^ CO oo CO 00 Auxiliary enterprises and activities o $217,293 tO C5 00 OX cO O: OX CO CO ^00 00 05 to to ot 1— I CO OOtOcOOCO o to to h o; o r- tt ^ co cootooxct ooo^cco »ho*oo ohonoo r- co co ox oo »— ( f— i to -tf o co to coco f—i t>» ox ox »-» ^ co co to ^ ^ co co ^- ox co to’ t'-’ — Educational and general Total educa¬ tional and general $678,606 4.458 276 1,648 38,296 4,888 17,924 159 6,154 10,432 502 70,638 12,733 8,102 3,371 4,417 6,300 2,567 13,109 70,824 8,060 6,925 1,606 17,592 403 2,924 3,848 Related activities CO $ 39,067 87 to ^ OX to co CO ox" to 05 . »-• OitOt^t^cO O: CO 00 CO t- hOOOMh !>• OX i— » tO tO rx ox to oo 05 0 t-h to to oo o co co co to cccot^^-co to T* CO oToX*^H* 1— ’ r* TH t-4 OX Libraries *£> $ 23,586 CO OX CO CO to ^lONNN CON1OCX1H CO O OX CD O hNh^N 00 oiHOto^ r- coto^-i co^^ntooo cooxooooo 05 co ox ^ o t ' ON 05 OX CO C5tOCO»-H^- CX^HCOOiCX OX CO v-H ox ox" ^ Extension LO to m d OO 00 1 hH i 00 05 OX *-i 05 05 1 i CO I.^f.co i i 05 i i N iii i Organized research T* $ 76,049 28 1 6,301 2,257 120 371 3 16,209 341 3 1 7 409 3,048 15,351 7 14 5 138 6 Resident instruction eo $317,918 2,643 106 899 16,851 2,709 7,795 73 3,018 3,896 220 30,142 7,204 4,047 1,905 2,074 3,830 1,297 6,153 29,615 4,645 3,910 818 10,304 163 1,475 2,139 Adminis¬ tration and general expense cs $105,714 690 100 386 6,053 1,300 2,935 50 1,625 1,463 189 9,257 2,493 1,801 645 885 715 412 1,796 11,182 1,365 1,276 339 2,624 76 527 743 1 50 i Continental United States ' _ Alabama . . . . . Arizona . . . .. __ Arkansas _ _ . _ _ California . . . . . Colorado . . . . ... Connecticut . . Delaware . . . .. Florida . . . . . Georgia _ _ _ _ _ Idaho . . . . _ _ Illinois . . ... _ _ Indiana . . . . Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas . . . . Kentucky . . . . Louisiana.. . _. . . Maine. _ _ _ _ _ Maryland.. _ _ _ Massachusetts . . . ... Michigan . . . . . . Minnesota. . . . . Mississippi . . . Missouri _ _ _ _ _ Montana _ _ _ _ _ ... Nebraska _ _ _ . . ... . New Hampshire . . . HIGHER EDUCATION 97 £ I i .2 ! 1 p ! ! S 1 o 2 I I -M I S 6 t p 1 1 i HIGHER EDUCATION 99 | I Table 12. — Expenditures for plant expansion , institutions of higher education, by type , control , and State, 1947—48 Financial Data in Thousands of Dollars (000 Omitted) Total for all institutions Universities, colleges, and professional schools ) Teachers s colleges Junior colleges Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States1 $306,369 $148,211 $113,008 $ 25,162 $341 $9,823 $9,826 4,195 2,732 845 565 52 846 209 564 73 3,239 1,862 771 364 231 11 23,384 11,766 6,536 4,895 187 4*237 2,227 960 331 437 282 2,538 1,136 584 392 426 535 502 33 9,213 7,831 1,357 7 18 51610 3,650 1,558 31 207 164 1,166 618 285 106 68 89 Illinois - - 18,292 8,716 7,981 979 102 124 390 11,350 7,360 3,716 269 5 3,606 1,268 1,206 660 177 295 3,351 2,031 1,126 108 24 62 3,911 2,006 1,210 416 53 226 7,504 6,043 1,442 19 1,219 321 495 403 Maryland _ _ 6,679 4,783 1,878 18 Massachusetts. _ 12,176 1,084 10,598 105 389 Michigan _ 29,976 22,775 1,570 5,535 29 67 Minnesota . . 8,004 2,733 3,814 1,434 2 21 Mississippi _ _ 3,777 2,969 180 380 153 95 Missouri _ 5,981 1,487 2,928 1,105 42 419 Montana . . 1,095 649 79 345 22 Nebraska . . 3,285 2,412 651 116 87 9 10 i Nevada _ 129 129 New Hampshire _ 478 283 171 9 15 New Jersey . . 7,985 349 7,454 106 15 5 56 New Mexico _ .. .. 1,082 983 42 57 | New York . . 15,759 870 11,484 343 5 235 2,822 North Carolina . . 5,860 2,133 2,224 595 4 904 North Dakota 794 506 64 134 90 Ohio _ _ _ 10,425 5,758 4,590 77 Oklahoma 8,099 4,699 2,125 932 342 1 Oregon _ _ _ 4,693 3,194 1,139 310 13 22 15 Pennsylvania .. 13,557 13,056 198 303 Rhode Tsla.nd 1,838 17 1,817 4 South Carolina . 1,476 798 546 132 i South Dakota. . 781 551 156 44 30 Tennessee _ _ 8,402 4,502 2,085 1,615 200 Texas . 23,463 10,786 5,628 3,748 2,281 1,020 Utah... . 1,402 540 651 211 Vermont . . 622 67 460 50 45 Virginia . . 2,466 1,330 797 87 252 Washington . 13,633 9,725 1,223 2,666 19 1 West Virginia 1,977 585 1,059 333 Wisconsin . 1,711 553 959 175 14 10 Wyoming 669 669 District of Columbia. . . 3,902 13 3,552 32 305 Outlying parts of the United States 2,546 2,485 61 Alaska . 19 19 Hawaii. . 292 292 Puerto Rico _ 2,235 2,174 61 1 National total figures do not in every instance represent totals of individual State entries, as each entry in this table is independently rounded. Table 13 - — Property of institutions of higher education , by State , 1947^48 A. — All institutions 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 HIGHER EDUCATION 101 l-g |spg SSSSS iSSIS g ; s ; ! i i j 1,216 7,715 2,343 5,210 164 238 1,624 542 10 47 1,670 748 4 673 344 61 13 181 134 i • s"s sill" S3§8S il2 8 i © CO COCVHQOO© COtHOOiQO iQHQiQN OCtHCOiHI (Nhhw^ ■©©00 COCOCOtHCO < © (M © 00 1-H rt< < >H CO © © © © - C CO © © « oo © Tt< 00 00^ © 0^ 00 00^ CO © © © ,-H i-H © CO © © T-H CO © © T* CO CO 1-H CO OQ © © t-H © © 00 00 • • • 03 I 2-3 O "rt gj • • Sams'S « g 03. s i sScog s^ad "5.2 j$Sj2 o— fa 0'S 3^66 qqsoh HIGHER EDUCATION 105 S i*3*3 3333S 10 CO t>- CO ;SS Is3*! <(NNh CO « CO 04 CO — < c s ISIS® §sass s' I 1ISS1 Sills SSiSS SI 5^ ^ i-H jg co “C c^T ^ ‘CQO co" cc~ j 1 Sllll sssli Hill il 3 g-3-“ s: CO II CO *-H lO lOOCO 04 1 1 III III8S SS»j CO o> ^ o 04 O CO t*- 04 T* § sssii Hill lii » »o »o 00 §~sc owocc® ^.ooo~ 04 vh 04 ssise mis s S-fe’’ S=B“9 tJC^IOOCO *0 00 kO 04 t-« 04 gill! SIsSl 111 S~S2S Kg8"g S”= O CO 04 iH 10 04 <3>0> O i il us Ill'll ZZiZ ZZOOO *8 p i h 43 a 04 5 5 co 1 •o ’> O co 3 3 5 c 1 s I .s 1 •8 1 I I £ ■fru. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: l#BO— *04872 Biennial Survey of Education in th<\ United States — 194b-48 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oflire of Kiliication Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1946-48 Prepared by ELISE H. MARTENS, Chief, Exceptional Children and Youth. Statistical Tables Prepared by Catherine Harris, under the Direction of Robert C. STORY, Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY . Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education . Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. O. - Price 25 cents CONTENTS Foreword . The picture as a whole . City school systems . Residential schools . The grand total . Explanatory comments on the tables pre¬ sented . Analysis of findings for city school systems. Special class enrollments in relation to total enrollment . Decreases for specific groups . Major increases . Exceptional children in secondary schools. Home and hospital instruction . Summary . Tables 1. Historical summary of statistics reported for special schools and classes in city school systems . 2. Historical summary of statistics for public and private residential schools for excep¬ tional schildren . 3. Distribution, by grade level and by type, of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1947-48 . 4. Summary for public and private residential schools for exceptional children and for special schools and classes in city school systems, 1947-48 . 5. Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1947-48, by State and type of children . 6. Children enrolled for home and hospital in¬ struction in city school systems, 1947-48, by State and type of handicap . 7. Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1947-48, by city and type of children . 8. Children enrolled for home and hospital in¬ struction in cities of 30,000 or more popula¬ tion, 1947-48 . FOREWORD fjpHIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is one of a series of periodic reports depicting the status of public education. The last previous chapter dealing with special schools and classes for exceptional children presented data for the year 1939-40. War and postwar emergencies have prevented such a study in the intervening years. The present report deals for the most part with special schools and classes in city school systems. Data for residen¬ tial schools are not given in detail, but are included in the totals, previous reports on such institutions issued in mime¬ ographed form having given figures for individual schools. The information herein furnished for city school systems is for the year 1947-48; the data used for public and private residential schools are based on the year 1946-^7. For the sake of securing wider and prompter coverage, only the most essential data for city school systems were gathered. No information was requested in this study in the areas of administration and finance. It is expected that these will be explored in a future investigation. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief, Research and Statistical Service. IV Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children 1947-48 The Picture as a Whole CPECIAL EDUCATION for exceptional children is an accepted part of the public-school system. As of 1948, 41 States had written on their statute books laws authorizing or requiring "hool systems to provide special educational services for one or more types of children deviating seriously from what is suppo e be normal in physical, mental, or emotional characteristics^ A the same year 34S bates included in such laws provisionsforfiimnm assistance on the part of the State to help local school dis ncts meet the extra cost of ranking special educational services possible. In 34 S,L2“rw». persons on the st.ffs of SUM .duo.lion d.p.rim.tt. .. responsible for the goirl.nc. end .np.m.on of the State-wide program of special education.1 City School Systems Such figures as those given above point to defimte cxpansions ^ special education over recent years. Expansions on the part of ^ State are bound to be reflected in the programs of ^^“hooisystem. The statistics herein given for city school systems for the year 1947-48 are evidence of the development that has P 1940, when the last statistical report of this « "d ^ Office of Education.2 In that year there were 313,722 except ona children of various types reported as enrolled for special educat services 3°in city schoo" systems. In 1948 the total number so reported WuS’c°»T'i«.~... do not, of conn.. ctar*.*™, of special education. “Exceptional children me u e SDeech- the partially seeing, the deaf and the hard-of-hearing the ^spee 1 defective, the crippled, the delicate, the epileptic, the J ” TseTofficeoIEducation. Slate ^«on-=on and others. Washington, U. S. Government Printing , d gt£t i938-40, vol. 2, ch. 5. Statistics . office of Education. BtcnnialSurdcyof EducaUon nthe Umte^SU^™^ ^ Foster. of Special Schools and Classes for ExcepUonal ChOdren^by El.sc H. Washington, U. 8. Government Printing Office, 1942. 199 p. 1 Including home and hospital instruction. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 deficient, the socially maladjusted, and also the extraordinarily gifted. The increases for some of these groups are larger than for others. For a few of them there appear to be actual decreases, and these will be discussed later in the interpretation of the data. But, as a whole, enrollments for special education of exceptional children in local school systems have increased during the past 10 years by more than 20 percent. Even greater has been the increase in the number of city school systems reporting special educational services. In 1940 this number was 729. In 1948 it was 1,459, an increase of 100 percent over the 1940 figure. About a third of these cities, however, reported only home and hospital instruction, and only a few children were cared for in this way. Many cities, of course, particularly the smaller ones, find it necessary to make special provision for but a small number of children out of the total school population. The important point is that more and more school authorities are conscious of the needs of exceptional children and are doing what they can to make adjust¬ ment for them. Residential Schools The statistical data on educational services through residential schools do not show any such increase as that reported for local school systems. Wartime demands for the labor of handicapped persons were probably responsible for withdrawing from school many deaf, blind, and otherwise handicapped young people who might in normal times be enrolled in residential schools. Other factors may have contributed to the situation. In any event, the statistics gathered by the Office of Education, as well as those on record with the American Printing House for the Blind 4 and the Conference of Executives of American Schools for the Deaf,5 show that fewer pupils with handicaps were being educated in residential schools in 1947 than in 1940. However, the figures of the last two agencies also show a slight upward trend for both the blind and the deaf during the years 1947 and 1948. Other types of residential institutions for the handicapped include those for the mentally deficient, the epileptic, and the delinquent. All of these reported fewer pupils participating in educational pro¬ grams in 1947 than in 1940. The Grand Total The total enrollment of exceptional children in both residential schools and special day schools and classes, as herein reported, is 441,820. This is the largest figure ever reported to the Office of Education. In 1940 it was 385,180. 4 Figures furnished by courtesy of the American Foundation for the Blind. 8 Figures printed annually in the January issue of the American Annals of the Deaf. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 3 If the estimated number of exceptional children of school age, usually quoted as about 4,000,000, is correct, then we may conclude that about 11 percent of those requiring special educational services are receiving them through the medium of special schools and classes. No doubt many of the others are being adequately cared for in regular classes by capable and understanding teachers. But there is no doubt, either, that many exceptional children are still going without the special instruction they should have. Despite the growth that has taken place, special education needs to be developed much further before all who require it will be served. Explanatory Comments on the Tables Presented The tables included in this statistical report are designed to show (1) a historical summary of statistics of special schools and classes for exceptional children (tables 1 and 2); (2) summary data for the United States as a whole for day schools and for residential schools (tables 3 and 4); (3) data for each State by type of exceptional children (tables 5 and 6) ; (4) data for each type of exceptional children for whom special schools and classes in city school systems 6 are in operation (tables 1, 3, 4, 5, 7) ; (5) data on home and hospital instruction (tables 6 and 8). The following items should be kept in mind in the study and use of the data presented: 1 . The cities asked to report comprise all those with a population of 2,500 or more. Data for villages of less than 2,500 are not included except in the case of localities which were reported as constituent parts of a county unit system or were otherwise included in the report of an entire county. 2. Of all the cities in the Federal census with a population of 2,500 or more, reports were received for 3,203, or 89 percent. Of cities with a population of 30,000 or more, data were received from 98 percent. It can be said, therefore, that this report represents a comprehensive coverage of the cities invited to participate. 3. The purpose of the study was twofold: (1) to find out how many exceptional children are receiving special educational services through either full-time or part-time instruction of a specialized nature; (2) to find out how many city school systems and residential school systems are offering such special instruction. All types of exceptional children are included as defined on pages 1 and 2. 4. All special classes and other types of special educational services are reported as belonging to the school district in which the instruction • Data for individual residential schools are available in mimeographed form upon request, addressed to the Office of Education, Washington 25, D. C. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 is offered. Other neighboring districts may send pupils to these classes, but the names of such districts do not appear in the tables. 5. The teachers reported include both full-time and part-time teachers. Each such teacher is counted as one teacher, when so re¬ ported by the city school system.7 Only a few cities reported frac¬ tional teacher time. 6. Private organizations sometimes furnish a teacher who, while carrying on a day school program, is not working under public-school auspices or supervision. The enrollments of exceptional children in such classes do not appear in the figures given. The report for day schools is limited to the statistics of special schools and classes which are under the supervision of local boards of education and can there¬ fore be reported by them, even though some other agency may meet the cost. 7. Remedial classes for the purpose of helping children who have special difficulties in a particular subject are not included. Neither are classes that are designed to help children make up work after they have been out of school; or clinical cases referred for child guidance or visiting teacher assistance. All these are important school services. They do not, however, come under the category of special instruction for exceptional children. 8. It has not been possible to specify in the summary tables the total number of partially seeing children as distinct from the number of blind children^inj day] | schools, since separation was not made in all cases by the school systems reporting. For the same reason, the total number of deaf pupils cannot be indicated separately from the number of hard of hearing. In the detailed table, however (table 7), classifica¬ tion is made wherever it appeared in the reports submitted. 9. The terms “crippled” and “delicate” are not always defined in the same way. For purposes of this report, the former includes all types of crippling conditions affecting the bones or joints. The cerebral-palsied are also considered as belonging to this category. “Delicate” children include those with heart ailments, tuberculosis, asthma, malnutrition, chorea, and other special health problems, unless they are covered in some other category by the reporting city. The varying practices in classification among local school systems are bound to affect the way in which such children are reported. 10. No distinction has been made in this report between special classes within a school and special schools organized as separate units. 7 No attempt 'was made to compute the number of teachers on the basis of the percentage of time devoted to special education. The figures on this item in this report, therefore, are not strictly comparable to those appearing in the 1940 report, in which decimal fractions of teacher time were considered more generally. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 5 Both types of programs are used. The former is more likely to be the prevailing practice in small cities. In large cities one finds both special classes and special schools. In requesting data, the center of interest was the number of children served rather than the type of organization followed. 11. In every statistical report, possible errors and omissions in data as submitted must be taken into account. The Office of Educa¬ tion can compile only the data which are submitted to it by local school systems. Interpretation of the data must be made in terms of all the information available. Local school systems and residential schools have been most cooperative, but there may still be gaps or mistakes which have not been discovered. On the whole, however, the coverage is the most nearly complete that has yet been attained, and it is believed that the data are a reasonably accurate representa¬ tion of present conditions. Analysis of Findings for City School Systems Special Class Enrollments in Relation to Total Enrollment Every statistical development with reference to a particular seg¬ ment of the school population must be studied in relation to develop¬ ments in the school population as a whole. The total population of public elementary and secondary day schools in the United States actually decreased from 25,433,542 in 1940 to 23,659,158 in 1947.8 This is a decrease of practically 7 percent. Yet in the same period of time the total number of exceptional children in special schools and classes increased by more than 20 percent. Decreases for Specific Groups One should, however, consider not only the total enrollment in all types of special classes, but also the trends for specific groups. Here some interesting facts are revealed. There are three groups for which, according to table 1, there is an apparent decrease in enrollment since 1940: The visually handicapped, the delicate, and the mentally deficient. Yet, when one takes into consideration the decrease in the total school population, one of these decreases (for the visually 8Fbom Statistics of State School Systems, 1946-47, by David T. Blose. Washington, D. C., Office of Education, 1949. (Circular No. 256,.) This is the latest year for which total school population figures are as yet available. Since that time there seems to have been an upward swing, due to the influx of children bom during the war. 849853—50 - 2 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 handicapped) disappears entirely,9 and the other two are materially lessened.10 However, even these decreases should be interpreted, and this can be done without much difficulty. With regard to so-called “delicate” children, as well as epileptic children, much emphasis has been placed in recent years upon the importance of meeting the requirements of most children with special health problems through the adjustment of the regular classroom program. Special classes are reserved only for extreme cases. It is also possible that the varying local practices in classifying “crippled” and “delicate” children, and in some cases of including “delicate” children among the “crippled,” would result in some questionable totals. When one combines “crippled” and “deli¬ cate,” one finds an enrollment of 52,576 in 1940 and 49,736 in 1948. The difference is 2,840, representing a decrease of only 5 percent. Compared with a decrease of 7 percent in the total school population, this is still in effect an increaseHorT thesqtwo groups combined. It remains, therefore, only to explain the decrease in the enrollment in special classes for the mentally deficient. As indicated above, when one considers developments in total school enrollment, this decrease has been reduced considerably and might easily be caused by a com¬ bination of extraneous factors. The acute shortage of teachers in the postwar years w~ould perhaps first of all affect special classes for the mentally retarded, since, by assigning a group of 15 or 18 children of different ages to various regular classroom teachers, the class could be eliminated.11 Coupled with this factor is the educational philosophy held by some that in the modern school program the capable classroom teacher should be able to care for children of varying levels of ability, including even the mentally retarded, and that special classes should be min¬ imized from the point of view of child growth and development. 8 1940 enrollment =8,875 1948 enrollment =8,276 Decrease =599, or 6.7 percent. But the school population as a whole has decreased 7.0 percent; therefore a corresponding decrease in any one of the groups of exceptional children might be expected. io For delicate children: For mentally deficient: 1940 enrollment _ 1948 enrollment - . . _ 26,792 . . 19,189 1940 enrollment . . . 1948 enrollment _ _ 98,416 _ 87,179 Decrease _ _ Expected decrease. . . _ 7,603 . . 1,869 Decrease _ Expected decrease _ _ . . . . 11,237 . . - 6,866 Net decrease _ . . . 5,734 Net decrease _ _ _ _ 4,371 In each case, the “expected decrease” is the decrease to be expected on the basis of the decrease in total en¬ rollment of all public-school children from 1940 to 1947; this decrease, as previously noted, amounted to 7.0 percent of the 1940 enrollment. In respect to total public-school enrollment, the year 1947 is used instead of 1948, because 1947 is the latest year for which data were available at the time of the present report. Cf. p. 5. 11 A number of reports indicated that plans were under way to restore classes once organized or to establish new ones. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 7 This philosophy may have influenced some administrators (1) to re¬ strict enrollments in special classes to the most serious cases or (2) to discontinue the program altogether. The very fact that there has been a substantial increase in the number of cities reporting special classes for mentally retarded children (from 565 in 1940 to 730 in 1948) would support the former of these two theses. Apparently many more school systems are recognizing the value of such classes for seriously retarded children who cannot possibly make progress in large unse¬ lected groups, but for slow-leaming children with a less serious degree of retardation appropriate adjustments are being made as far as pos¬ sible in regular classes. A recent report of the National Education Association 12 would give further support to this thesis. In a study of trends in city school organ¬ ization it was found that 44 percent of the cities studied reported that “ungraded” classes were “on the way IN” ; only 6 percent reported that they were “on the way OUT.” “Ungraded” classes in city school practice are predominantly classes for slow-learning or mentally re¬ tarded pupils. In the report referred to, they are differentiated from “remedial” classes and from classes formed on the basis of ability grouping. Major Increases The largest increases in enrollment occurring since 1940 are with the speech handicapped, the socially maladjusted, and the gifted. Speech correction has had growing emphasis in teacher-education institutions and in clinics, as well as in public-school systems. It is not surprising that the total number of children being given speech- correction services has grown by more than 40 percent, and that 3 times as many cities reported services of this kind in 1948 as in 1940. Classes for socially maladjusted have also grown in number, per¬ haps owing to increasing attention to problems of early delinquent behavior. The increase in enrollment since 1940 is 50 percent, and the number of cities reporting such classes has increased from 50 to 93. Upon first appearance, the increase in the enrollment in special classes for gifted children (as given in table 1) is startling, but an examination of table 7 will reveal immediately what the situation is. In 1940, 12 cities reported 3,255 children enrolled in special schools and classes for gifted children. New York City was not in the group reporting. In 1948, 15 cities, including New York, reported 20,712 children enrolled in such schools and classes. Of these, 18,043 were in New York, and more than 16,000 of them were reported as enrolled in secondary schools. New York City has recently established several 12 Trends in City School Organization, 1938 to 1948. Washington, D. C.f National Education Association 1949. 39 p. (Research Bulletin, vol. 27, No. 1, February 1949.) 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 high schools for those who are specially gifted in particular areas, and all of them have large enrollments. These raise the totals to a very great extent. Exceptional Children in Secondary Schools There has been a consistent growth in the provisions made by secondary schools for exceptional children. In 1938, there were 20,935 mentally and physically handicapped pupils reported as en¬ rolled in special groups on this level. In 1940 a corresponding figure was 24,017. By 1948, it had become 33,854.13 The greatest developments in this direction have been with the crippled, the mentally deficient, and speech-defectives. All handi¬ capped children become handicapped adolescents unless they are affected by a condition which is curable. Whatever can be done dur¬ ing the elementary school years to eliminate or alleviate the handicap is, of course, of utmost importance, but there will still be many whose handicap continues into the high school The high school is becoming more sensitive to its responsibility to serve this group according to their needs. Home and Hospital Instruction Another striking increase is found in the number of pupils receiving instruction in their own homes or in the hospital because of a physical condition which prevents them from going to school. From 14,304 in 1936 and 16,909 in 1940, the number has grown to 24,326 in 1948. Both elementary and secondary fields are included. This speaks well for the increasing acceptance of responsibility on the part of city school systems for all educable children, whether or not they are able to attend school. Whether some of those now being instructed at home could attend school if transportation and other suitable facilities were provided is another question. Home instruction, however excellent, can never quite take the place of group experiences in the classroom and, it is conceded, should be used only as a last resort. 13 Excluding the gifted. See table 3. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES - EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 9 Summary In 1948, 378,059 children needing special attention because of a marked deviation from normal were receiving instruction in special day schools or classes, in the hospital, or at home. The children were reported by 1,459 different cities located in 47 States, the District of Columbia, and the Territory of Hawaii. When to these are added 63,761 children in 454 public and private residential schools (as of 1947), the total becomes 441,820. This is the largest number of children in such schools and classes that has ever been reported. Yet it represents only about 11 percent of the estimated number of ex¬ ceptional children for whom some special educational adjustment should be made. These 441,820 children were served by 16,234 teachers, 10,308 of whom were in day schools and 5,926 in residential schools. In ad¬ dition to these teachers of special classes, many regular classroom teachers are no doubt doing excellent work in adjusting the school program and the curriculum to meet the needs of exceptional children. What their actual number is or how many children they serve cannot be easily determined. In interpreting this statistical summary, one must keep in mind that special education for exceptional children is not a watertight compartment of the school program. Special classes for the handi¬ capped are not isolated or even separated groups. Opportunities are deliberately planned for work and play with normal children to the extent to which both groups can profit by such association. One group of exceptional children may meet only a half day (or only a half hour per day) for special instructional services, and join with other children in regular classroom activities the rest of the day. Another group may need to be with a special teacher all day long. Under existing school organization, adjustment in special groups may thus take a variety of forms. Local conditions determine local programs, and no situation in a particular city or State can arbitrarily set the pattern for every other city or State. The essential thing is that each city or State determine its own problem, appraise its own needs, and set about discharging its responsibility toward ex¬ ceptional children. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-4 8 Table 1. — Historical summary of statistics reported for special schools and classes in city school systems 1 1932 4 1936.. 1940- 1948- 1930 « 1932- 1936- 1940- Number of — Year States re¬ porting Cities re¬ porting Pupils reported 1 2 3 4 BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING 1922— . — - 12 44 - (2) 1927 _ 18 80 4, 465 1932 _ _ 20 95 5, 308 1936 _ 27 161 7, 251 1940 . . 28 181 8, 875 1948 _ * 34 265 8, 276 DEAF AND HARD-OF- HEARING 1922 _ 16 74 2, 911 1927 _ 22 83 3, 515 1932 _ 24 116 4, 434 1936 _ 31 168 9, 318 1940 _ _ 30 168 13, 478 1948 _ _ *40 288 14, 082 SPEECH-DEFECTIVE (2) (2) 22, 735 22 123 116, 770 29 144 126, 146 40 455 182, 344 CRIPPLED 22 81 13, 120 24 145 16, 166 30 301 24, 865 31 356 25, 784 *48 960 30, 547 Number of- Year States re¬ Cities re¬ Pupils porting porting reported 1 2 3 4 DELICATE 1930 < _ 27 81 19, 153 1932. _ - 28 135 24, 020 1936 _ _ - 1 ft/lA 30 150 23, 517 mu _ _ 27 166 26, 792 ms _ : _ *43 550 19, 189 EPILEPTIC 1940 4 _ 13 33 499 1948 _ _ 21 65 390 MENTALLY DEFICIENT 1922 _ 23 133 23, 252 1927 _ 32 218 51, 814 1932 _ 39 483 75, 099 1936 _ _ 43 643 99, 621 1940 _ 42 565 98, 416 1948 _ *47 730 87, 179 SOCIALLY MAL¬ ADJUSTED 1930 * * . . 20 44 9, 543 1932 . . . . 24 58 14, 354 1936 _ 20 45 12, 653 1940 . . 25 50 10, 477 1948— . . 25 90 15, 340 MENTALLY GIFTED 1932< . . . (2) (2) 1, 834 1936 _ _ 9 14 3,009 1940 _ _ 9 12 3,255 1948 . . . 11 15 20, 712 » Figures include home and hospital instruction . * Data not available. * Includes the Territory of Hawaii. * Previous data not available. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 11 Table 2. — Historical summary of statistics for public and private residential schools for exceptional children Number oi Number of- Year States report¬ ing 1 Schools report¬ ing 2 Pupils reported 3 Year States report¬ ing 1 Schools report¬ ing 3 Publis reported 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 BLIND MENTALLY DEFICIENT 1922 . 40 49 4, 666 5,283 5, 530 5,921 1936 . 47 130 21,889 21,883 21, 562 1927 42 52 1940 . 47 105 1931 41 55 1947 . 47 140 1936 . 43 57 1940 . . 42 62 5, 947 5, 235 1947 . 43 56 EPILEPTIC DEAF 1940 - («) 10 (4) 10 1,117 1,096 1947 1922 . . 44 76 11, 454 DELINQUENT 1927 . 45 77 13, 966 1931 . . 46 84 14, 890 1936 47 81 15, 505 14, 815 1936. . . . 50 155 31, 418 29, 384 22, 745 1940- — 47 81 1940 . . 51 144 1947 47 81 13, 123 1947 . . 51 167 Total number of children (all types), 1946-47: Continental United States 63,137; outlying parts of the United States, 624. i Includes the District of Columbia, Territory of Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. 3 If departments for Negroes were reported as separate schools, they were so treated in this column. * Includes only children enrolled for school work, not the total number of children in residence. 4 Data not available. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 3. — Distribution , by grade level and by type , of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1947-48 Enrollment Type In schools or classes Home instruction Hospital instruc¬ tion Total Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Total Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Total Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Total Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Total i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Blind and partially seeing - Deaf and hard-of-hear¬ ing. _ _ 6, 924 11, 893 173, 246 13, 298 10. 616 319 74, 624 12, 151 4, 080 1,321 2,171 9, 062 1,224 599 5 12, 518 3,150 16, 632 8,245 14, 064 182, 308 14, 522 11,115 324 87, 142 15, 301 20, 712 25 16 27 6, 003 4, 385 48 36 33 4 2 6 1,581 804 18 6 29 18 33 7, 584 5, 189 66 36 39 2 2 6, 951 11, 909 173, 276 26, 822 17, 323 367 74, 661 12, 184 4,080 1, 325 2,173 9,068 3, 725 1, 866 23 12, 518 3, 156 16, 632 8, 276 14, 082 182, 344 30, 547 19, 189 390 87, 179 15, 340 20, 712 Speech-defective _ Crippled - Delicate _ Epileptic. _ Mentally deficient _ Truants or behavior problems _ Mentally gifted _ 3 7, 521 2, 422 1 920 463 3 8, 441 2, 885 1 Total _ 307, 051 46, 682 353, 733 10, 573 2,421 12,994 9,949 1,383 11,332 1 327,573 50,486 378, 059 SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 13 Table 4. — Summary for public and private residential schools for exceptional children and for special schools and classes in city school systems , 1947-48 1 Item Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard-of- hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ lep¬ tic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 \r umber of public and private residential schools 3 4 56 81 10 140 167 454 Number of city school systems reporting en¬ rollment in special classes 3 4-_ . . 265 288 455 960 550 65 730 90 15 1, 459 Teachers: Public and private residential schools1 2. 8 935 2,030 54 1,208 4, 970. 3 1,699 609.5 5, 926 10,307.9 City school systems 3.. 659.1 703.6 1, 255. 6 1, 018. 8 454 15 628 Total . 1,594.1 2, 733. 6 1,255.6 1,018.8 454 69 6,178,3 2,308.5 628 16,233,9 Enrollment: Public and private residential schools *. . 5,235 8, 276 13, 123 14, 082 1,096] 390 21,562 87,179 22, 745 15, 340 63, 761 378, 059 City school systems 3 4 182, 344 30, 547 19, 189 20, 712 Total _ _ 13,511 27, 205 182, 344 30, 547 19, 189 1.486 108. 741 38, 085 20,712 441,820 1 ' 1 Figures for residential schools are for 1946-47. 1 Includes District of Columbia, Territory of Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. 3 Includes District of Columbia and Territory of Hawaii. 4 Includes home and hospital statistics. 8 Twelve teachers for both blind and deaf children appear only in the total for the blind. 849853—50 - 3 Table 5. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems , 1947-48 , by State and type of children [Where no teachers are indicated, children were reported taught by teachers listed for another group. See table 7 for details] 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 CD 0) E-< MHHNO CO i i 00 CO i CO-^OOCOT-I cdK © d a i mo®3 (NNiOhh O >Oh CO GO CM CM 28K i-i o co o i 00 00 CO t"- TCI CO CO m s 03 2 h a-2 i OCMON H O CM rH OOhCM CM »0 O GO i|Il m § 53 2 bD J^fcf H QB 2 I 8^1 .9 | 1 iSai P4 «as6 lag jg.S o p g § ^ P 'So O H fn rt ^ ETh c 3 0 .a a O 03 rS jg£8£ ®-af '.9 o.&' IS B1 d a .a .a s ssissIslISS ai§^ febraska SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 15 Table 5. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems , 1947-48 , by State and type of children — Continued 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total cols. 2-34 Teach¬ ers w e> o ec 22 8 2 1,137.5 11 90 11 100 26 8 1,039.5 177 125.5 28 41 49 13 200 544. 4 626 234.1 2 201 2 24 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 36 w QO CD CD 90 15 1 6,512 US us Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 30 o us eo 1, 394 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades as N us 8 1, 651 8 7, 044 05 177 00 i Mentally deficient Teach¬ ers QO N 4,970.3 CO CO H 05 H t^I>O5C000 Tf* OOCOIVOOt- H^NHCO t-H 00 CO COH 05 00 »-H 0* rH US CO 05 CO C5 rH Tfl rHCOO* rH Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades w QO us N § CO g 050NOJ 05 kO co 80 479 96 8 CO 436 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades co w St CD 190 46 6 7, 287 30 987 81 361 151 102 4,265 1, 457 921 201 617 286 58 3, 056 4, 954 5,683 1, 545 49 1, 788 16 245 Epileptic Teach¬ ers ■ N us ! c^ Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N us Ele¬ men¬ tary grades - N 319 rH i us ■ O* 1 Delicate Teach¬ ers £ us s US 14 1 2 US Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades _ N 699 CO CO CO 8 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades O N 10,616 8 3,734 140 357 102 23 US US 00 05 © CO State or outlying part t - Total i _ Arizona c r. 5 js \% California ._ . ... . . . Colorado Oonneetient Delaware _ Florida. «8 1 bi U !S 0 Idaho Illinois. Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas . > ■8 3 1 M Louisiana Maine _ X) 9 > 03 § Massachusetts _ . _ . Michigan... ... . _ Minnesota.. . .... _ *3 .2 S § Missouri. _ _ Montana _ Nebraska . . . _ _ SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES - EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 17 < D 00 OOHONh NhOMI H COCO O lO H 110 05 00 IO lO » cO >0 W h h ^ CO *0 ^ O OOO^rf rf m N MXNCCiO N ^ iC X C5 Oi*-« hhn o e* oo ^ oo oc^co o o oT nhh ow i-T tjT N H iO lO •OWH OCSIC^COOO WN O »-H rH O CO CS CO^C^lOi ON-^IOOO *o co co cohno o C5 co ic oo oo ^ SO »H 00 O * * & * ® ® © Si 03 of OQ £3£l t? t* ° 03 M o ©sr " > 7n «3 5 © q'S5'5 cl Mill (NO OH^ CO NOh co 00 »-H oo *o CS| CS O 00 - Ida ZZooc) ( .9 £?d bo £r§ g >ga s.H£ £££ <2.2 3 ~,o o 2tJ « ^go ^o'f3 o§ £ gefS « . tuo ** fc CO ® a y o 3 a ;o£ c n a) II •£ cC !& a 5 a o P- _ _ -4~» •©■§& t2-p w *11 »• s t- •— s - ill «* g £ || H §§!„. ISIS ■gs &i2 Ii!~ o«J3 a 3 § © I '-3 •2? 5l Q H slabs’ a c« b§ #«s •a ® ® a A .t3g S -gSM* -w g ® g-3 a d.g ax: §-t5 Sg|ss|® g .-Saifs *>*§”,§.9 C3 o f3 i* • g p ® - o ^ b o sip l-gjfsj* x3 ® ."S 9 g. 2 d 9 a* a& g 9 2“SS>.o _ S^lgl^l ® g aw a 92 « .9 t, y t- o «q •§s.2|a*| twill's - O c5 fl ^ v-i J-! Sla-sli ^ C3 c/D •S-do'S’C - ■°-S£?&S ■slslc^ I V5 7? *3. i z: ^ Ev O -T'i O M.-S ® >3 1 3-9 ^5 S'© 'd g ® -f-5'2 d © g^s o ^ca ca *Q _ Q, ^ M h tx ^ P CJ -Ia|i"| •♦j o*53 w Kh Table 6.— Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in city school systems , 1947—48 , by State and type of handicap 18 ;ss”8< 1 r-H O O CO !*°S§33 T) 0 >> O I-. q o3 a Sb 8 c3 00 §b GO d IS INOH00 (NCChM ) ^ 00 CO Cs| CO CO rH 00 (NNiONH »OOCO ONOOJW O* *0 CO r-H CN CO »0 O O 05 »ON > CS t>» CO o o a II s >> O j-i o 03 d ab a os OM( CO 1-H t>. § =? NNH r-t as CQ ,-s 5 "Jh rS s? a *.a a o c sN'Si d-S’So' Jt_l CS r*i © rti rO s «JS w O 1-1 !ss d bis a i-ca b 2 o d 'g|^ «8 S « S'® S-S-SS'i g-gogs geiss §3||s a®®®® oflhOS KtStSMM 0,5 > is «2 * o !I|1S HSSi-g SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 3 = 8** 05 I o j I 19 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 g * *** Z Z 4* « -2 a O Ob Oi S°i o 05 |A 3 o o.10- OCS o<«« AS • ••2 o 3 K a <2 0 if »>> W 05 05 O O a? oT CS3 CS Crippled Teach¬ ers 1 Oi 1, 018. 8 l 1 cs 1 1 1— i IH 1 1 ' 1 1 1 rH CS l 1 1 1H 1 Ok 1 l 1 1 • l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ** 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades ao es es ' ' G > 1 ! i 1 1 Ele- men- tary grades GC O* eo 1 1 rj is js i ! ! ! !hco ! i ! co ! * 1 1 1 1 00 0 1 1 1 1 Speech-defective Teach¬ ers 2 1,255.6 1 J j CO ! ^ HMNHHH iNHHH Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Mb O O a> 1 1 OO 1 iCO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CS 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 Ele- men- tary grades 1 = 1 1 173,246 ! 0 1 10 246 1 CO M3 H CO O CO OO HDCNNO ' CO 05 O 00 CO CO 1 CS CO ' HM5H N IHHW05 Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers eo s 0 - ! ! l-e i~ !er Pupils in - Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades w 1 00 CD ao 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 i 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 l l l l l 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 l l l l 1 l 1 1 1 1 l l l l 1 l 1 1 l l 1 1 l 1 1 l l 1 1 l Ele- men- tary grades 1 ** 1 N ▼H C © 1 00 1 «o III 1 1 00 1 1 1 05 00 ICO 1 CO 0 rH 1 1 1 CO CO 1 iOH Deaf Teach¬ ers 10 269.1 0 j I 1 1 h II0 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades as eo 0 eo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 1 00 *>• es co 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO Partially seeing Teach¬ ers 1 1 0 CD - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary © d 1 1 1 - 1 CS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 1 10 1 e* & us CD i ! C<3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Blind Teach¬ ers 1 54.7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary CO 0 d C3 feo eo 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades w Mi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 City t 1 Total _ . Alabama Athens IV _ __ Birmingham I . . Homewood IV. . _ Mobile II _ Arizona Phoenix II... Tucson II. . . . . Arkansas California Alameda II . . . Albany III... _ _ Alhambra II. _ Arcadia IV. ... _ . Bakersfield III . . . Berkeley II _ Burbank II. . _ . Burlingame III _ _ Chico IV _ Chula Vista IV _ Compton III _ SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 21 tFor other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 22-23 See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems, 1947 ■ 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total (cols. 2-34) Teach- crs £ 10,307.9 2 17 2 1 4 4 2 4 i 1 5 7 5 4 1 2 6 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades S 1 a 5 ! 40 i ^ 2 jg 1 ■ . 5 i is ' ' 3s j i j i i i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 3 307,051 sgsa gs a gi§g§gss^g| TH Mentally gifted Teach¬ ers 3 § 8 I! si cuo 3 K5 i j i i ! i ii I J I 1 1 I Ele¬ men¬ tary grades S3 3 . i i i j | | ; i ; H ; Delicate Teach¬ ers £ 3 1 ' I I . j © 1 i • i i ! ! cn i i i j j jS i i i i i i Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 1 i l i ! ! ! ! i ! i • » • Ele¬ men¬ tary grades § S © j j j ! oo i is iiii s • i i i i City t - Total . . . . Alabama Athens IV - Birmingham I jiomewoou iv . . . Mobile II _ _ _ _ Arizona Phoenix II . . . . Tucson n... _ _ Arkansas Little Rock II . . California Alameda II. . . . . Albany III - - - ! i i jjj Berkeley 11 _ Burbank II _ Burlingame III . Chico IV . . . Chula Vista IV _ Compton III - SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 10 to -§ QO _g -§sl 'S 3 P4 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades r* W H I I 'CM end >>-0 © a £ i g w 02 2 OlONM Tti 00 >-3 “°C3§) O'CJ £gS0 i § k'f © OT g © OT3 >ar3 © Cj >3 o3 00 © 53 fc. i g W 0.2 s o cn © © OT3 >»n £g*i ,2 g w 02 2 >dS 3 w 3 03 o 03 a P-. P5 co § >>'5 gg CO CQ CO CD 2>f?^ gn.O« (3 g’Ba Enp>| P Q EH O i i i i • « , i i i i ■ fV] I I i i i i.l i ^ i 1 1 — XZ lit! I 2 >hH ' t{^ 1 m !> ; ij.sagjjgyB - ° gH o^K ad* g^.a g,’2’g I |=l.l^l""^lllfl S ■n'E**©2i®®®o0o2i2 a wwflon^^^^^^cgmcB SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 29 www: : PuSboo: hwwhh££« 849853—50 - 5 3: S: : o^: : : «p?«: • Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 ■ 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 O c n m g ^ g £ c Kg w gg 2 NNNHH00HHHHHHWH^CO©H00O5HMMNf MM CO COWiHHIMi o w g g o2 w 2 03 g & S a> w a-g 2 M CO iO CO CO S3 ® a> E-< o'd >1^-1 *gb§ w a-g g OT3 >-r^ SgSg ±S&J h g. Fg 3 cs3 , >K §! c,ukhh ©! mAhSHs © . CD 1-1 T3 -S cc CD L. I rSH gc : relSpu'g ©§ O.CD 03 e) c ^ :h g.a Fs- sss § g fl lip-? sgfc* I IfcOrfeg CD'C 5 S »! ? ®M ® O t D ro g S § c§ O c IS <|pqpqpqpQWWOOOOOOQ* Ofl* QS AOfr SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 31 OiHOOOSH^NHHNWHMHHCONHNNrtHCCWHlCCCCONONHH^H WOrtrHNWHNWH^H»OOOrtH»0 ScONdi-OJNoOXXWt-COINOOC co ' co c* CO tT< HHhN( 5 10 r- ■aN 5gHiooo‘ogco(»(»oww®0'>c^'#HoiNio P-I ^ Jh S ■ M S’ w c SH .w -«2SS ;B E’ “wc 1 ^ r— . . . r— . >~§§3« fc£r^ - 11 iimiifiiiiid! iiiiiiti jipiiiisiMf iifisip ®i Skw 2 £-3 SAO 3 ^.SP“.3’|a « * «£ «§ps §■§?££ 8j3f f j=f 4: : fefeooo; wwwww^^ws St S: S: ; o^; : ahp.: : £: tFor other groups of exceptional children in these cities see pages 28-29. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Crippled Teach¬ ers at i 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 to i pH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i • i i i Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades GO CO 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 -O i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 38 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! rH CO t ! 00 CO H j i 1 1 1 ■ i i i i i i ■ i i i i i i i i i i i i ■ i i i i i i i i :> iH i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i M ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i Hg 11J - In Is.'. i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i » • i i i i i i i i i i i > i :> Iowa [V-__ . . S3 SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 33 2288 t v> ftH K " O.a SMnO I W !?o g || |q g |5 flW O 3 V 5 „ 30d' S8> >*HohSls52fl OOOQQQfcOfltSt’MgSfcoOra s-a V)'-' ess o& rf cs-w-a P||2S,| wWWm^ ggSI~i 4jg-a c/3 \Z n &fw>>.2 ©a ► •3 '3*0 Ef g o®o2.®^ 1—1 botii— i a ©’"■’ cs sSh s a-g 32 *££ a o Tj^ wjj 0 Q C _ 3 a>0 2 ® es 9r= >>7 P > x 2 §>.2 Ef cr a> .2 a o « «*J3 ^pqpq^£d■ CM O »C CO 05 o 00 o oo OH 05 rH CO CO *C CM rH 05 CO H CM H CM CM CM rH Mentally gifted Teach¬ ers CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CO CO i i i i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades N CO Truants or behavior problems Teach¬ ers CO i i I I i i i i i i i i Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades & CO Ele¬ men¬ tary grades C5 N i i i i Mentally deficient Teach¬ ers CO N CM lO ' i i I I O 00 05 H CM w i rH rH lO ! ^ rH Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N i ^ i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades CD ** 05 CM i ( rH CM 1 ' TO CM ^ 05 go j : £2 CO 14 85 1 00 Epileptic Teach¬ ers HO C* ,S Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N Ele¬ men¬ tary grades CO CM Ith Delicate Teach¬ ers N D* CM ! i i i l i I CM 1 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CM i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades O CM c ! i 1 1 i 70 i !>> £ \ i i ■ i • i ■ i i i I i i i i i 1 i i i 1 1 • 1 1 . • i ' i :> 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; i 1 ' i i ■ i • i h ■ i ■i'l g.S q J ill s g I §| rtlaa III! ss § §.a||g * C3 o “lEgO a 1-1 T3 +3 t-l g ^ fl 3 “wS OfS^ §-C “ c< "cm P ^3 (D ^ c3 ^o1 .a a ”13 a 2 1 »►> 2, <» a b- 1 1 § K>MSr!SHflft0 S°s 3 13 O t®Soo“oog5 a c.° ^SfigWo -oa o3 ©’£ I g g > w2tJ.S^ o § § ^^3 3 © ©J3.3 A O £ £ 03 © 3 o ooooouooflQQ&Ho5£!TM<^^oo A o-g ’>‘^’3,2 tt £ o © Oh£ > ttfM HH C .2 c« 5 £ to C8 «Aa o ■OR <«S h O ft a - s ©o £ © A rt ot3 ©AJ3 ^meq^^pkra fFor other groups of exceptional children In these cities see pages 32-33. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 - 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Crippled Teach¬ ers O* t-H vH rH rH N « IIII l< IIII I IIII 1 IIII 1 IIII 1 IIII 1 IIII 1 IIII 1 00 » * i i i i ll 1 1 i I 1 ll l i 1 i i Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CO till lilt 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 till IIII 1 IIII 1 i i CO 1 i to i 1 1 1 1 1 iiii I i i i i i i II l 1 1 i 1 ll 1 i 1 i t ll i 1 1 i i ll l i 1 i 1 it l 1 i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades IIII 1 IIII 1 IIII 1 274 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll *iiii ii l i i 1 l ll 1 i ♦ i 1 ii 1 1 i i i ll l 1 i 1 1 it i i i i 1 Speech-defective Teach¬ ers CD 1 1 1 1 1 1 III II III II III II « ' 1 rH HO 1 • III ll III ll jr i i 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades ID 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIII IIII IIII IIII • ill l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 ii i i i i ll I lit ll i ill it i til ii l ill ii I ill Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 1 1 rH 1 I Tji » l 1 l l 1 l l III ll 1 1 1 T— 1 WN 1 1 ill NN » i ill CO • i ill y-4 i i ill ll ill ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii I ill ii i ill ii l ill ii I ill ii I ill ii i ill Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers e* H i l l i till l l 1 l till fill till till 1 1 H 1 l rH rH l 1 Tfr< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I jc j n Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N i l 1 l till l 1 I l till till till till i i r i ! IrH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i l i i ( l i i iiii N i i tF i i i i iiii Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 3 i i i i iiii i i l I iiii iiii iiii 20 1 4 _ OS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii i iii ii i iii ii i iii ii i iii Deaf Teach¬ ers O iiii iiii i t l i IIII l I i l l l i l l l l l 1 1 Tt* 1 | 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 ii i iii ii i iii ii i iii it i iii ii i iii ii i iii Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades o> IIII IIII IIII ill* lill llll till llll llll 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii i i i i i ii i i i i i ii i i i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades CO IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII i i i i i CO i i i i i i i i i i i i i t-H 1 1 | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll l rH l l l ll 1 III ll l ill ii 1 III ll 1 ill ll 1 ill Partially seeing Teach¬ ers £ i is 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 i i l i l l ii i i i l i ll i i l i l ii i i l i i Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CD iiii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades US i i rH i i 1 i i i i 1 > i i i 50 I l i i i i oo ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii l l l l i ll » l I l l ll 1 l l l l Blind Teach¬ ers 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii i i : i i Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades es iiii iiii till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii i i i i i ii i i i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades N iiii iiii iiii : : : : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i i i Cityt - Maine Auburn III. . . . Bangor III . . Bath'III _ _ _ _ Brunswick IV . . . Portland II _ _ South Portland III - - Waterville III. . . Westbrook III - - Maryland Baltimore I- . . . Cambridge III _ _ Crisfield IV _ _ — - Cumberland . _ Elkton IV _ _ Frost burg IV - - Hagerstown II. . - *Pocomoke IV . . . Salisbury III _ Takoma Park IV . . . Westminster IV . . . Massachusetts Adams III . . . . Amherst IV... . . Andover III _ _ Attleboro III _ Barnstable IV . . Belmont III _ SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 37 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i l l 1 1 1 1 l i i l i i . . I l i i l 1 1 1 i l 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i l l l l l 1 1 1 l l l 1 l 1 1 i 1 1 i l i 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lllllll-tlll 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 l i i i i i i i t i l i i i i l i l 1 1 i l l i l i i i i i i i l l l i l 1 1 III . I i i l i 1 1 i i i i i i i l l l l 1 l l l l l 1 l l i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i l l l 1 1 1 1 co 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i l 1 l i l l i i i i i i i i i 1 i 1 1 i i i i i i i l l i l 1 l i 1 l 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 l l i 1 i i i i i l 1 i 1 1 l 1 i i i i i i 1 1 i 1 1 i l i l 1 i i l l l 1 l 1 l l i i i i i l i i l i l 1 1 CO Cl CO 1 23 1 2 ‘.4 1 1 ! • * i ! co ! :s : 8 8 CO 01 »o oc ^ Cl ■ •*3* i l 1 1 1 1 iH i»- H!,'! ! i ’-' ! ! ! ! ^ ' CO f-H rH rH rH r"H i l • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i O') ' l i I I I l • I ■ CO 1 V- 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III . 1 3iiiCO'I*Oiiiii ! ' i i • i • i 20 2 1 CO Tt< 105 l l 1 1 1 I 1 N Ilf i iO i i i i i i i Cl 1 05 CO • • 1^ 1 Tf i lO i iii if— i i i i i 1 1 1 1 i i <11111111111 LO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i l i l 1 l l l 1 1 ! o 1 3 : c2 05 o . . . i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i i i • i i 1 i i i i i 1 l i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1*1111111111 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I 1 l i 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i I i i I i i i i I i 1 i i i i i i i i i i l • i i i i i i I i i l i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i i i i i i i I i i i i iiiiii!iiii i i i i i l l l l 1 i 1 i i l l 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l l l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l • 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 l I l I 1 I I l 1 I l I 1 l l I l 1 1 , 1 i I i i i • • i i ; i i i * i i i i i t 1 i > > i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i t i t • i i i i i i i i l i i i l i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i l l i 1 i l 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l l l l 1 l l l i l i i i i i i i • i » Beverly III... . . Boston I _ _ _ Brockton II _ _ _ Brookline II . . . Chelsea II . . . Chicopee II . . . . Danvers III... . Dracut IV - Easthampton III _ Everett II _ Fairhaven III.. _ _ Fall River I_ Fitchburg II _ Franklin IV _ Gloucester III. . . Greenfield III . Haverhill II. . . . Hingham IV . . Holyoke II . Lawrence II . . . Lee IV . . . Leominster III . Lexington III. . . Lowell I _ _ _ juuaiow j. v . . . . . Lynn II . Malden II . . TTT DM sg 11 3 e3 5S Medford II... . . . Melrose III _ _ _ lviumueii in - - Middleboro IV _ _ Milford III... . . . Milton III Montague IV New Bedford I Newburyport III - - - Newton II . . . . North Adams in . North Andover IV _ a z D S 63 — £ o z Norwood III... Peabody III.. . . CP CO Quincy II.. . . Revere II . . . . Salem II . . . . . Saugus III Somerville I . South Hadley IV . . . . 849853—50 - 6 tFor other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 38-39. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 ■ 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total (cols. 2-34) Teach¬ ers 37 HHHrtOHHH NNrtH(DHNMHHNrtN i-< i-l Dl Dl rH D4 CD rH Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 36 1 t>- IT 1 1 56 ! - i i 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 ji 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 < 1 i i • I » i !>> iwt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 05 1 ' H ' i | ! ; P • > g i 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i ^Pt3 ■ ■ P O ; 1 O g V 2 3 £P,a sS-gESg,*,® K lrd 1 a> p; 'gsa-ol^esKlbgi s|lai^»g8S|i 5« a> S 03 _ ‘ -q. lllliS T3 S Cl c3 OH(N. 1 1 1 1 >050 • i < i 05 ■ i— 1 i i i 05 iMOH ■ ^ CO >OONrH»OCO(NH * rH IN HHN • ^ CO ; !ub ! i i N iON»0 I^H ! i > r» cs i 1 1 1 00 • ^ ' III 1 1 . i 1 r- 4 • i • iO i i i 1 T}< 1 Tt*ONrJ<0>iCOHpH05- ^ n- (M Tt< 10 imoinoocoh»o»oooh05N>oo^ NCOHICiHCDhOSCO ' O* C<\ C* 1-i r-l rH i-H C^HHHHH o a~ 8 a~ >> S-a-s*^ S ® § ! Qi 2 2 -S3 § 2 3 2° 2 a.9o % $ gg I'g £§|| gSgSSS s||| | ° jqmooPQwWfchfehOOWWHiJi-liJHi-ihWSSSSSSSSSSfcfcfcfciz; TJ bfi> C3 flf O. >'£ s ;«gji= i«SiS«gSBE||K35|g,Sat!: _J 8 “S g,a jSJjiM-SS I O s-as^'l °^S n-SSS-S I A no o|ra-“"S3£ J of “ « o-o ca s-gsg.-.j} g go >5?£te ..s-afe-o a >3 b St & fr-e-e-e £6.2.3 03 ►> 03 -“ >_ 2 > a a o o '®®®ooooj S 53 3 S, ® ”►330 South Hadley IV - 1 - L- . I - 1 - 1 . 1 - 1 1- fFor other groups of exceptional children in these cities see pages 36 37. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children, in city school systems, 1947-48 — Con. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Crippled Teach¬ ers o> i i i 1 1 i i ( ON i i • TJ4 00 7-H 1 1 CM CO 1 ! CO CO CO C4 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades QO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 5 1 o 00 Si _ »85 608 13 1 N- 1 CO ! 00 CO 1 *0 ^ 00 CO ^ rH Speech-defective Teach¬ ers C© rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 io »o i !M ’rH * I r H CO rH t-H ! SI Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades lO CO (M 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i l l l l l l 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades v* 1C CO 00 00 CO O SI SI SI 05 SI CO ■ - 05 SI SI CO ''tf' GO CO CO 00 05 •! • 05 CO IN H SI H tH 1 CO 1 Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers eo CO r h i i 1 1 i 1 i CO 00 i 1 ^ CO 1 ! rH ,-H SI i lO ! ^si Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N 1 1 ( 1 1 ( 1 1 3? ! ro i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 1 1 1 1 1 1 3> ! ro i i 58 SI ! CO 1 1 1*0*0 1 1 *0 SI 1 i CO SI O JO 1 ! SI 05 i SI Deaf Teach¬ ers ’ O rH - CO £ ! ! *o ££ £ :££ Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades e* i i i i till 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades QO 1 > i i ■ i i i i i 24 CO 1 i N- 05 • O CO |£n00 :££ £ • »o Partially seeing Teach¬ ers r» SI - | ! co si ! 1 ■© 1 1 1 H SI SI CO ! *o Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CO i 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades CO SI ! 1 1 1 SI 05 i I si *o i js ^ | !o5*osit^ ■ ^ sico*o ! ~ 22 i CO Blind Teach¬ ers 1 i i ■ i i i 1-1 j£S i i£ i££ i i i i i i Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CO Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Si 05 ! oi 1 i Is' j— fc) fid cr a -c'SlS j$£ca s g o O C3 « CD O P<-*n CGCE02C£t>!>p- >£ Td-Sw o3 03 O SJr tf A ?s.a.as ■s6^|d^«S5a «1 a>5 o g’fiA § 'O K^’S’S riS-SP*MOTo8«C3 C aJ d © 0) O ® o 03 c3 co ffiS I- , MM a a s I iu SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 41 fFor other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 42-43. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-4 8 i a >>£ •—> © b lOO^WNHCOOXOSO OOCONCDWNOOHNOIOMCOINOI W00OC000C0^05(N050>^C0thNt NCOlNNHOO'tHlN © Eh O 73 >iT-t © rj (-1 CO o 03 2 wa- fe-OnH ^1a . ^I"H> «► _ o gfigo s^ooso®® ©ia.a.a o *My. ^ bD— I ,. s-s-asa ^»S3 gh4.2 +» ^ UJ o-.a Pn SSI's Sul a © S-g-S U O OX! O caWH mt'3 H+i 1>VC| f) S-P ^ M M o £ C C3 O I t( fl c3 e3 © © ® ® ° 03 03 m ©b ^pqpqpqoQOQwpiqwfe^oOWW SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 43 : 88 I fFor other groups of exceptional children in these cities see See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems, 1947-48 — Con. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Crippled Teach¬ ers 05 i- r-H CN • rH 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades GO 1C i l 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades OO i-H lO 00 05 CO H CO H CO CO Speech-defective Teach¬ ers c© . . o c~; xn .3 M Kirkwood III _ Mexico IV . i Nevada IV _ hH P Q P •§ CD M o Hi 09 St. Louis I J 2 tfl ti .5 u ■ O CO > O > +a ) <3 > ‘3 Webster Groves III Montana Butte II _ > HH P c 1 ’> Nebraska Alliance IV Crete IV . . . Hastings III . . T .* - 1— TT 1 HUUU1U J.JL _ Omaha I _ _ _ 1 SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 45 I 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 i 1 CO CM 1 1 1 1 iCO 11-^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 *H . . rH ^ 11111 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . . 3 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 it— 1 1 1 iCM 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO CM 1 1 1 1 1 N 1 H 1 1 1 1 1—4 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 CM I 1 0 1 1 1 1 i i—i 1 1 1 1 l 1 i-4 1 l l 1 1 II 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • l 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 - - - r *o 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 l l l l 1 1 l 1 ll 1 1 1 1 l ll 1 1 l l 1 l 1 t 1 1 ll l l l l 1 I 1 CM 1 l l l 1 l Ci 1 l l 1 rH l 1 l 1 1 l CO l II 1 1 l 1 1 1 till 11 till 1 II 1 1 1 1 l 1 fill ll till l 11 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 l l ll 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 l l l l l 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 £>• 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 » 1 1 1 1 CO 1 iiiiiiiiiCOiiiiCMiiiiitiOi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 126 40 CM CO oc 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 40 1 1 1 1 l 1 O l Ill40lll0lliirrf4| 1 I CO 1 1 1 I 1 1 r— 1 lilt 00 ■ 1 l 1 1 1 1— « 1 I 1 4Q 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 rH 1 1 till CO 1 II 1 l l l l 1 CO l 1 1 1 II 1 l 1 l rH 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 till It till 1 ll 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll 1 1 1 • 1 rr rr 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l l 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 iirHiiiillTtlililiiCM'iiiiirH ll llll’l 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 l l l 1 II t 1 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 | II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I ll lllisi 1 1 l l l l 1 1 1 l l l II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 l l II 1 l 1 1 I I 1 l l l | 1 1 l l l 1 I CM rH CO CO II 1 l 1 1 1 * l 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 I 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 t» 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll l 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 COtj< 00 CM TjiiO 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 Oi II 1 1 1 1 l 1 CO 1 l 1 1 l 1 ^34 1 1 1 l l 1 rH 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 rH 1 l 1 l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l l 1 1 1 1 1 CM l 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 l l 1 rH iiiiiiiii 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH I 1 1 1 1 1 l l l 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiiiiiiii 1 l l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiiiiiiii 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiiiiiiii 1 l l l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIIII 1 1 l l l l l l l l 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 . . Ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lO IIIIIIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIIII l 1 1 1 1 1 05 Ill'll IIIIIIIII rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ l IIIIIIIII 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiiiiiiii 1 l 1 1 1 1 l 1 | l 1 | 1-1 cm ! I ICO 1 1 rH 1 1 l CM 1 1 1 1 rH 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM II ll III till 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 ll ll 111 till l l 1 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 • till l l 1 l 1 | 1 1 1 ll 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 IIIIIIIII I 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH l 1 1 l 1 l l 1 1 II 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l IIIIIIIII 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l iiiiiiiii II 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l IIIIIIIII II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIIII 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 IIIIIIIII GO CM 1 CM 1 II II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 CO 1 ■ CO 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 CO 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO II 11 lllCMilll iT^iiiiiirH II II III till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II III | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II III | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 j 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 11 illiiirHllll l 1 1 l 1 l 1 rH 11 1 1 1 1 l l till 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 11 11111:11 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 l 1 1 l l 1 1 l I l 1 l 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 O 1 1 l l 1 1 CO 1 • 1 1 rH ' O l 1 l 1 1 lTj< lirHIlllll till iCM'llllli—i II 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 l 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | ll l l l l > l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l II l l 1 1 » l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 Nevada ■Donr. TTT New Hampshire it 1 i] 5 pi 4 C 2l 21 lj r. St y an: 5S i c 2i 3 c is y 0 1 u > 3 f 1} ll >< w « w ■ K-i 1- 3 + ; « j > * p n t l : ! 3 y y H c >v- Ij 0 + c< *> )*- i c i! J c tjp D H 3 < -j'c 3P K z ►*E ^ T 2 • 3 l PP gH Zt 3 4 II D C 3P M N 2 S PP is 3 1 M 3'i ;p Camden I . . - . Clifton II . . . Dover III - - - . East Orange II - - - Elizabeth I _ _ Freehold IV - Garfield III _ _ Hackensack III - - - Hawthorne HI— - - Hoboken H — . Irvington II . . - . Jersey City I . - Kearny II - - Linden III . . Long Branch III . . . Lyndhurst III . . Montclair II _ - New Brunswick II . . Newark I . . Newton IV — . . North Bergen II . . North Plainfield III - Orange II _ - Palisades Park IV _ Passaic II _ Paterson I . . . . |For other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 46-47. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total (cols. 2-34) Teach¬ ers r- co HH HH H H N V Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades o co rH 00 Tfl >Q Ele¬ men¬ tary grades eo lO Q‘ONOO‘C^ONN»OhMOOH 05 C* • lO CO CO S8I 09 Epileptic Teach¬ ers I/O N Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades W Ele¬ men¬ tary grades CO w Delicate Teach¬ ers w N CO «M Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N Ele¬ men¬ tary grades N o CO CO City - Mississippi Aberdeen IV Greenville III _ . ... _ . Missouri Eldon IV _ Hannibal III _ g 1 1-5 HH > 6 m c3 in .§ Kirkwood III . Mexico IV _ _ _ Nevada IV . Ritenour III _ xi p a> o: O m St. Louis I _ Springfield II _ > Q >, '55 1 <5 > 1 Webster Groves III 1 Montana Butte II _ Livingston IV _ . Nebraska Alliance IV _ Crete IV _ _ _ Hastings III _ Lincoln II . . Omaha I | SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 47 ihINoOhhhhoON' COCOtNt^CO < 23 S5Z fFor other groups of exceptional children in these cities see pages 44-45. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children, in city school systems, 1947-48 — Con. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Crippled Teach¬ ers 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiii iiii IIII 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIII i 1 I l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades r» i i i i i i i i i t t i i i i ! ! ! ! I50 ! IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII CO '• 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Speech-defective Teach¬ ers CD l i IHH l ill i ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades US 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ i i i i ! ! i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades n 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 IHH O i CO Oi i i i o O 1 CO I 1 IH rH I rH l 1 1 CO 1 III 1 III 1 1 1 1 IN 1 i iO i 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 i i l i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers vs 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII > r”\ 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'S ! ! ! : ! 1 ® i i i i i 1 9 i i i i i 1 p] . i ’■§ i i i i i I o i i i i i O ! i ! ! ! I l aJ ii-j i 1*0 1 1 1 | | i O i i i i i 1 t> 1 1 1 1 1 I > 1 1 I 1 1 i m : : MO - ^ : : CO . ] | SV-iw i I'T P 3 gi^mXh iasi|§12il|ia||||g iH * §Bi3 & o “ 2 -alOnJiJ £3 III ££ a SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 49 -Hk. ' ' 1 ,hH So ' '2 • ! 2 ^ 2 2 SHnaa 8 t-J i— i i a is i ■ • ^«>§£|jd| or"1 t> O d ^ n u n,^ fFor other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 50-51, See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. Total (cols. 2-34) BIEN N Jk O CO © <3 IAL eo SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 N(NtO(NiOHCO(NHMHM^CDCCH^HHH HHHH (NH W Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CO CO ooco tu II 1 Cl— Ik: I’a | !! is 1 a 15 1 1 j> is II ^ * *,* ! P i a SPC i t: I'E : c it: II > p c c Es a 1 i fail i! Summit, TTT Teaneek TTT > !> >tP IS » c ?! II i— > !c :p 1 c it c 1 p 1 c 1 c 1 c Vinp.land-Landis TIT Weehawken ITT I *- \> '1 llz > CA > 1C ) 777. 1 > 1 03 > C > l! ' c II o: . d £ New Mexico Clovis TTT Las Crimes TV > hH 5 . 02 'E ) cc 1 02 1 bi i c >> 1 CA 1 02 w New York Alban v I _ Albion TV Amity ville IV _ _ _ SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 51 IO •OTf ' ^ t2 ~ § gJ ► > (S'2* ^£'u: > £2^:2 JJP: ls.2 is S.S ■§.§.* o o g« SIlp-S II Jg«£s 8= IS" S£g“i IgS Si p || | g* ao ! S§|.ssaa£ J ■§1 1.S? il §1 S &SllIis g ill g § ! I? J pS ill 1 111! !!! sa jl mi *« t>- l 40 I 1 T-l T-t rH I CO ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 653 167 11 NHINNHOO ! AO rH O rH CM CM CO • ;>« 1-1 a >££ HflCS p-gw 2 $ '“’.I A 2~ > ^>'2®fl3^Ss>25a>«aS ;s '■« § >*a •§ s5=«I,§.2n«£ •S.Sqhh g-^omx) bc*-'cS^HH|w^.-s^ e^*c p pr 3 > 3”S^ 2 5 ® S'33a2 S’S’S^’S Sgg : _ — „ w _ ... woflp rfeOHWH*^ ^rSoOPi PuCl.mgqE-'E-'S Winter Haven IV . I . I . I . I . I . I . I . fFor other groups of exceptional children in these cities see pages 24-25. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947—48 — Con. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 46-48 O CO E-i 6 -a >>-3 £gfe2 I A >1® ® 8 G-O HHtOHHH MhONNhNNhhNhh, $g^2 | ^ © fl >»4 f-5 © u ^ w a ^ j )MONM )‘O^OOH fH i»OMOO^HOOOHOeON ”§sl is&l HSS| Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades C* i CN Ele¬ men¬ tary grades QO S' S3 Teach¬ ers r* 1-1 rH ! ^ ! ! 1 !HH • ^3 i i IHH i i l ig&§ wa^e Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades e* Ele¬ men¬ tary grades N IS *3 o >-s H-l © w{> •sfl H~> O c§ a o r> _ om SHttflL'O — c3 ^ . '©’“ '"O-Si c5« o n O ' ' i-,’— i1-1 © •2 2 S'&afljsS o §2 life gift q §£ T* © *2 O G3 TJ O 9 *2 O § .2 w ^ M O o > -w ^ J3cs Omm >ho3co a>X3pC3^1^ay >- ;a> 2>.S 'O.S m ^ ellsville IV. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 53 .£ * £ “ ® a «*§l dt&i g > ®~ 0-9 3 s a & o & *3 »Q § Phc2 •g w 11 a % H cj hH ^ S’0” OQOWJ^ 849853-50- -> t3 >- : o &£ i '-2 « > y>:2®~gS o ^ o t- 1 £ g s >bh >taa _ a o .g ® 'S ® S © g o i-5 g 3 ^ 3 *■' - 33-g’S § § g § g.s.g ® ®-§ ssiisl! g I »-§ >,2 S§i§g OrtNMHHNHCOHT-ICO igbf iOOOiOOMHCOWOOHCOW^^^ON' HN^HHNWHHHHHNWNOONt 'OOOMNW 38; o> Eh CG g 03 g £gb§ wgS2 02 g <3 2 iS&| SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 55 00 CO © ■§ a 8 sPh 2 a HhH o> O M’S g o Sj «P-< q ® S g « M 3 .3 OQOWi-P^ ihhhh “ n'd’3M 2.73 fl d S 'd-r > w M M ► «• • ad> J q 2^ M'2 0W fld O P n1^ g » Wh >.g H O 2 « p as| 1 Instil s-i-ill Is-3 .22^3 |si 1111 111 1 1 1 mill! Si a sill 1 1 1| <-<<<- ^pqpqpqpppqoooooooofiQHWWWPm^f^WW ^ k. O 0) i §~§!~ sm33 Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 ■ Crippled BIEN1N riAL os SURV] EY ( )F E DUCj ATI< 3N, 1946 - | - ^ - 00 2.5 1 1 8 ) 1 ! rH 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades a© i t* i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades CO ! t* ! ! oo ! 11(11 i i i i i lO 03 CO ^ 1 i i i I CO H H i i 1 * 1 1 i > 1 1 T— 1 | ’ 1 1 c* 1 Speech-defective Teach¬ ers CD b -- j i i i i i i i i cs i i i 1 l l fH i Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 1 i i ! o ! 1 !!!!!!! ^ III! >1111 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades i CD 1 Tft 176 ! i ! i ! !r;Ij!§ 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 > i i CD i 1 | | Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers eo ! csi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 • i i 1 l i c 1 1 1 o ! ! i i 1 l i 1 1 i II i i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades I® ' os 1 CD 9 12 ■H 1 1 C o ! OS i i i i 03 ! 1 IT* 1 1 CO CO I'¬ ll 1 rH 1 i hO iii ii i i oo ! i i 03 i Blind Teach¬ ers - Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades eo | 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades w >> O - 0 hio — C ontinued London IV . . Lorainll. _ _ _ Mansfield II _ Maple Heights IV _ _ Marietta III . . Marion II. _ _ Martins Ferry III _ Massillon III . . . l 1 l i i af * 1 tx&i x^iuwain. li _ _ _ _ Niles III _ North Canton IV _ Norwalk IV _ Norwood II. _ _ . . Oberlin IV _ Painesville III _ Port Clinton IV. _. . Portsmouth II . . . J-4.C* v xx _i > M o >>> ^ o3 o .i; 3o'2£ = rt CO J> "3 M ^ I— ( >— I CSC^fe _®4So‘g§o „„ agc^ q ‘'C.osxin .► S?3i2 §0 Sx3« g g > Td'd £?*-! oo,Lw>E~J3'~'F5rgt;o6o 5o-»OOODf5«- o3 Ch O ST! ►j ►« 00 i5 z » Ch t For other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 58-59. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total (cols. 2-34) Teach¬ ers r* 09 iO h^^hh^hMCONhcOWhmNNHh^hhNMhNXcOOhhOh Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CD 09 (M UO O 1 4 35 1 1 1 1 ZZ £Z Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 09 OOOWCOCOWlNcOiOOOiO’^OOM^OiO'^COCO^WOiCNiCfNNMNcO'O O) csl Mentally gifted Teach¬ ers 09 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 09 09 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 09 Truants or behavior problems o w <3 Eh. 09 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades O 09 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades e* N i l l l i Mentally deficient Teach¬ ers QO W y-i CO - COMHHHMHNNNHrtHHHNNH 1 -* i^shhOh W Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades S so m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 09 w Delicate Teach¬ ers N N 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 Pupils in — ; Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades a5* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades O e* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 City f - uo — Continued V _ .. ! nri > *SH Ferry III _ _ b] rl : ! w H £ -* o if 1 — 1 os 3 a 1 j£ H anton IV . IV _ _ 1 TT i is fez 1 1 1 §5 Pi 3 iiv _ ardIV . . I _ y III _ leights III _ uclid-Lyndhurst IV sldll _ i i i i i§ i i i i i S3 i i i i i o : ; ; j ;w • i i ‘ 1 ! i i ■ i O a : : : :o ® .V ! -3 ib> I ,» O 5 i i Lj I CO CG GO CO CO GO CO SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 59 CO o lO'f CN ^t-H HHHMHiOHINMHHOi i-t 'h NH cicO H H M N H N t M> ri if 'eo'' III 1 1 1 1 1 *-« I 1 WNw*- III l 1 1 1 1 ^ II III 1 1 1 1 1 II III l l 1 1 1 p p 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 II III ill ii i i i CO i » • II III III II III III II III III II III III 1 l l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i i i i i i i i i i i i CO i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III ii i i i i i i i cs II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iitH iii i i i i i O *0 i i iii i i i i i ii iii i i i i i ii iii :iiii iCO Oh 1 Tf *0 1 111 1 *0 CS ICOH 1 III 1 1 1 III — II II II II II II II II II II II II 'lO H C'CS |H H i l CT' 1 i CTS 1 ✓ CS 1 1 ■«, • • i i i i i i !gs * ! !» 1111111CO 1 O 05 CS 1 l l 1 l 1 1 1 ! ! 00 *0 CO i i 00 i N i CO t"H r- <0*0*00 1 O *0 i i O i i 05 i ico !»o 00 ! ! ! co 00 co co ^ t^. 1 1 111 MhCShhhh 1 1 111 ii 1111111s" ii i i i i I i i ii i i i i i i i II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 « till 1 1 1 1 1 1 c* ii i i i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111*111 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • i i*iiiii 111 1111 111 1 1 1 rH 1 1 1 1 111 ill 1111 111 111 1111 111 ill 1111 111 111 1111 111 111 1111 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii i i i ■ i i t i i i S i i rH i i i i i i i i i i ?H ii i i i i i i i i i i ii iiii i i i i i i ii iiii i i i i i i ii iiii i i i i i i ii iiii i i i i i i 1 CS 1 1 CS 1 1 1 111 iii iii i i i i i i iii iii i i i i i i • iii « iii i i i i i i e* ill iii l i i i i i iii iii i i i i i i 1 1 1 co 1 1 1 cs 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • i i 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 III III IIII III III IIII III III IIII III III 1 1 1 1 III III IIII III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II i i i i i i i c ill iii i i i i i i 0 i i i iii i i i i i i CO i i i iii i i i i i i iii iii i i i i i i iii ii* i i i i i i 5 33 47 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 51 i i i i i i i i 2 iiiii.i i O iiiii.i -1 : 3 Bp i : : i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii,i : : ! : : : : ; g i ' i • i i i O i i • i i i i^i'iii o • • • • • >k i£ iri i ! ! ; S i i ii ! i * 1 l 1 l l 1 l l 111 l 1 1 1 l l 1 1 III 1 l l 1 l 1 1 1 ill 1 1 1 l 1 l l 1 III l l 1 1 l l 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 l l l 1 111 l l l 1 l 1 l 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 111 l 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 III 1 J l l l 1 1 1 ^ III 1 ' l 1 1 1 1 1 -f* 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III » LJ 1 1 1 1 1 • ^ 111 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 • H 111 > l ^ J 1 • 1 1 1 PH 111 H 1 C0. ' 1 • 1 1 1 GQ 'll ^ .=> ! • • ' 5Z •>- 1 1 1 1 1 • i :> ! be >■ ||s is iB> al§alll&S£;l5„ S3 3_aS||3ggE;ifg NoShhjSS 2 " fe 9 3w Sw4)ooo3r*iana<»Hoo^ ^«CWOOOW* WMPPgp4«ra boPi-Hp T3 _ _ „ o s-d Ofi>f " (h _ 3 (3 2 X3 O bO > S»Ba a a a n^os® *<<;^«5pqpq t For other groups of exceptional children In these cities see pages 56-57. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children, in city school systems, 1947-48 — Con. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Teach¬ ers as CO g’S >>-§ ® a b os GO 03 o 03 t- 60 Ele¬ men¬ tary rades " 60 o5 o w a j 2 M hn Eh O'O >>-§ ,8 g b os ox) >1,2 60 O co S S3 O Tj >>*§ sgal 60 i, ri >i ® ,2; g t- t3 w g 3 2 bxt ?®B,5 m ®x2'gBB-sxi'o S® 3 “ - ^SS 3 o Is « =!!lf lll^ s tif *§iis E! Hill Il^llls Sil la | § I mpqpqpqpqfqOOOOOOUOOOUDfiPQQflQfiQWHWW^OW B . . . ,P>n : : :d> . 'a U>a~3> i JrtflJS p,jSwo®aS 'BS§H boS^-1 ® 1—1 X) * g ^ %'S ,3 fl3 M g § HMT3 a§ra§§ 601—1 o st! Pn XJ a> Old¬ s' rlH o £.2*® S SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 61 fFor other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 62-63. See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 63 NP|»OOOMOh^hOhMhhhMhhNNhhWNO}hhhiOOhWhhNhhmhhwhhhhhNhhWhcO OOrHlOOO 828 II 1 III i 1 00 'pH i i i i i i-H ICO i i i ■ j j i > ! j j i igfe ;3 i i ; ! .8 ■ i i i i i i i i i i i cD i i i i i i i i i n • CO » i i i i i i » i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 NOCCOOOC^iCNiOCCCDWiOOOOOJO »C »0 (N pH C »C CS ~ ' 28 lOHCSTp CO 1 C^OOC^l^C^OOT-H^^Oi-HCOi-trH^COi-ii-HC^C^ (MWHfCHHW. iNHHWHW 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 00*0 i ' oo i»-h i i i 'Ohm 1 ' 1— 1 ICO 1 1 1 i i i i CD i i 1 1 1 1 C* 1 1 i jg : 1 III irfeo i th i i 1 O CD 1 CS 1 1 i i i i i O i i i i i i i »o i ' CO 1 ' » ' j j j | ;gi 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 II 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lilt II i W i ii ^ ^ Pf Tf CO H^WQrl WWW t For other groups of exceptional children in these cities see pages 60-61 See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems, 1947-48 — Con. rr— Crippled BIENN "o OT 63 fe E-1 riAL 05 SURVEY o: F EDUCATION, 1946-48 ii ii ii ii Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Q© j ; | Ele¬ men¬ tary grades r* i'.ii ii ! I10 ! 1 j is Speech-defective Teach¬ ers o r 1-1 i 1— 1 1 Cl 111- II It ihhtj- l l " ST Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades CO O 1 II rH O 1 I' 1 1 1 ii i rf i i i i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades : i i Is II II ^ 1 0 1 Tt< 1 1 c CD i O i 05 i i O H iN i>G i i > o - Pennsylvania— Continued Waynesboro III _ Wellsboro IV _ Wesley ville IV _ _ West Chester III _ West Reading IV _ ty uaco'Daiic ii _ _ _ Wilkinsburg III _ _ Williamsport II. .. ..... Windber IV _ _ York II _ Rhode Island Barrington IV . . . .. . Central Falls III _ East Providence II _ jonnstoniii _ _ _ . . Pawtucket II _ Providence I _ South Carolina Charleston II _ Columbian. ... _ Hartsville IV _ South Dakota Lead IV _ _ _ _ _ Rapid City III... _ _ Watertown III _ SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 65 «C^WC0 05^0»0 05TfH co ior^oic^ c* i » to OOCOi-H^C^COtOOS CCONOiO lOCONNN §5^0 cn © £ 0 a323 ~°ggg<> 2-gJg 2 1 0 Tf T-IIO »0 to c w .s a ® « CO ® £ Wilkes-Barre II _ ttt ijo'S i! 3 1 33 Windber IV . . . York II ! Rhode Island Barrington IV _ Central Falls III _ East Providence II _ Johnston III . ! Pawtucket II . . Providence I _ _ _ South Carolina Charleston II _ _ Columbia II _ Greenville II i Hartsville IV. . . . South Dakota Lead IV _ > o 3 3 cS tf Watertown III_ 1 SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 67 »o »o 00 H H CO Q, ►> x a jj IsM g o C’ts A «>» 03 1_H HH ' o K r— » O ^ K0al>>^go *3' 08^.2 ■£ S^-5 3S SmmH. §23S * OPmAh( gSSa, ■§.0^1- s s ccEH^Pf t For other groups of exceptional children in these cities see pages 64-65, See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947-48 — Con. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Crippled Teach¬ ers 2.5 HHH Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades OD " oo ! Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Oi ift 1 CS 1 • 1 00 t'- 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades h< 26 CO CO O^NCCO eo ! CO rH h i Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers Cft (9 •ft £ ' CO Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades ft* Ele¬ men¬ tary grades QO (M 00 Partially seeing Teach¬ ers rH T}H CO 1 c5 tH i £ .3 (21) Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 1 •ft CO C4 . Ele¬ men¬ tary grades •ft ^ rH ! o Port Angeles IV. _ Renton IV_ I SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN J-g S3 _ 03 3 .is 3 is X! 3 3 oQpuHZ 69 t For other groups of exceptional children and totals for these cities see pages 70-71, See footnotes at end of table, page 75. Table 7 .—Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947—48 — Con. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 o> >•$ 2 g b| m O CO d h © WS. -O cn .2 a -2 o3 “ 2 "3 » b'S «a- OONN ®NNHCO>OH< U5 ©4 rH ©4 i-H - oxJ >173 m 2 ®gb| w g.2 a |(N© ».§ 2 S bX) 2 g bj w g« a c6 a 'S ■SflH CCrQ 'C M'S PQOm ■c„Jafc’3U 'C m S 2 — . §5 w a* go 03 P S-, cn »P « o gt«it5-§ a AO « o B- o m >• a c 3 “i r1 bn r; 03 *—< t* o.' ' a ’S S.S gj5 a £*§, o S 0} 0; o CiG k! § t- a ^^«woSwMM3oo(2rt li SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 71 »o MHHH('NHWH(OH'®OHrHO'0 00 OS CO CO n n CO 04 n rl r-. 04 r»< ij< CO 04 JP n < 04 04 Tf CO T OS t' lO N ® 00 CO Table 7. — - Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems , 1947—48 — Con. 72 Crippled BIENN A O W 2 <3 b* IAL 05 SURV E IT ’ 0 CM F E D 8 *. \r. n :o 1< 14 te -4 00 Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades GO Ele¬ men¬ tary grades se 05 Speech-defective Teach¬ ers zo i-l CM CO " j Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades Ele¬ men¬ tary grades s ' O i US o US CM 005 CO £>- O O CM 00 CO 05 CO CO CM us CO » Hard-of-hearing Teach¬ ers eo - CM - Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades N Ele¬ men¬ tary grades s 98 §5 05 CO Deaf Teach¬ ers 1 Pupils in — Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 05 | Ele¬ men¬ tary grades GO Partially seeing Teach¬ ers ! - - Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades zo 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades US CM o Blind Teach¬ ers Pupils in— Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades eo Ele¬ men¬ tary grades I 1 1 Cityf - W isconsin— Continued Rhinelander IV _ . _ _ Rice Lake IV _ Shawano IV _ a ? s § o m Stevens Point III. . _ .. Stoughton IV _ t- .2 s 3 CO Two Rivers III _ . Viroaua IV _ _ ... Watertown III _ Waukesha III _ *Waupun IV _ Wausau III . . . . Wauwatosa III _ _ West Allis II _ West Bend IV _ .... West Milwaukee IV _ _ Whitefish Bay IV _ M ’S a '03 .3 1 o CO Wyoming Sheridan III _ Territory of Hawaii SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 73 Table 7. — Enrollment and teachers in special schools and classes for exceptional children , in city school systems, 1947-48 — Con. 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 $ 0) Sec¬ ond¬ ary grades 36 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades eo NOOOlNOHOMffiWNiOOOOiOOINNOfflNOiQ 2 £ % 03 > C3 ■C M s a ^ ® a £ 0X3 >>^S DQ O ^ 2 2 S fa’s h a -2 a uohMhn, 0X3 >irrt tc igb| o © 6x3 >>,§ S fc * «s- ® ® H ox3 igb3 sa-ss Kg is- > |K '™,K> 60 BJEii&I Iill2| £ ~ S SSrtf 3t? j§ & 3 g ►~iy> !3iSS*»teil!lsl 21-1 S o S,a g S So{-w 0*0^ s ReW^pOkrt ®ooH ’ Po«oo39^o9«fe2 :^)X3^3 o Qw, P^PhCQCOCCUQCQOICCCQ OC!303®O®-a-S District of Columbia SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 75 «8GO m® u 2 a a S3 £ £ -5'og n2-£ a a Saftoo 2 °3aa 9l®88d g>§ ° 8 © 2 ■§■■« S's'52 ,§ ®£® g,© *S .4> <3 r? r^"a a Cd 5 o / o I Ofi' 50'S * O >Soo S2 13 bfl a. a rOx3 ® ®ua £J w &.a - CO bJD q .a a 8 5 2 © 2 > 2 o W a! §2 3:1s^ o g-d 1 a E « a a 2 ; o a a ^.a&«2 ® a ®2 a © 3 a o-a «_ to “•s o a ®ro aa Ilgg IS 5s 'O ci a © •-5X3 a I-SrfSa§S to 2 C d 2 ©2’^ ©’ I « r ^ (O s £ 0*2 o '•£ >».£? Ou- <2^: j3 ^ WH »rt c3 'is Jx c §3 03 'm 3^0,3' SV B-g ■9®*!: -a as §'2*s 2.2* a^& .w^S ^03, ^ (D 03 1» o W * o O o O" :•■? s s a a « , ©'§ ©faSl m® a-c^£ « a 2 £ a, ■S^itoa g>^S? t* o © g? “2 2 & glacis 5|2|ae ||1 0 t, a>x3J3^;-ara ^'fr^bd.ydjc3-a wq»-'0000023w3D cJS cd k ^ Lri Cl|Oo3c3c3c3c3bJD?3bij &J0*£P W Q,a g S3$SSS2s£SEK*H£fl.9 iSsSSSlsS “PhOP^OcoOhI isasssasss 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 Table 8. — Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population, 1947-48 Oity Home instruction Hospital instruction Crippled Delicate Epileptic Total Crippled Delicate Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total _ 6, 140 1, 599 4, 385 804 48 18 12, 994 7, 527 920 2,422 463 11,332 ALABAMA Birmingham.. _ 125 125 15 10 25 i 1 1 123 31 154 Arizona 16 1 24 41 2 2 Arkansas Little Rock _ 7 1 2 10 i 9 2 4 15 3 3 California Alameda . . — 20 6 26 Alhambra _ _ 3 4 10 8 25 Berkeley _ _ 25 28 2 55 Burbank _ - 9 9 Fresno _ 4 4 12 12 Glendale _ - 4 8 12 Long Beach... _ _ 37 16 3 56 **Los Angeles _ _ i 564 i 189 2 755 1 264 1 103 367 Montebello. _ _ . 8 7 15 Oakland _ 12 103 1 2 9I 194 Pasadena _ 7 40 47 4 4 Riverside _ .. 2 8 2 12 3 3 6 4 16 Sacramento 13 13 San Diego _ 10 1 45 4 60 8 g San Francisco _ i 280 280 84 75 159 San Jose. _ ... 31 28 59 Santa Ana _ . _ _ 1 2 12 11 26 15 32 47 Santa Barbara ... _ 6 7 6 5 24 Santa Monica _ 2 7 9 Stockton... _ . 20 5 25 64 other cities _ i 161 i 41 199 33 12 7 453 86 7 4 18 115 Colorado Colorado Springs _ . 18 14 32 Denver _ _ 14 14 Pueblo _ 16 16 32 8 other cities _ 130 25 55 2 2 Connecticut Bridgeport .. _ i 14 13 17 4 9 13 Bristol _ _ 2 4 6 Hartford _ _ 2 19 1 22 Meriden _ _ _ 5 5 1 1 New Britain. 6 1 7 New Haven _ _ i 20 1 7 27 1 253 253 New London _ ... 10 10 Nnrwalk 4 4 Norwich _ 3 3 Stamford _ 5 16 4 25 Water bury 13 4 8 1 26 West Hartford 9 3 4 16 West Haven _ 5 5 15 other cities _ i 16 2 19 37 I 3 4 •♦More than one independent school district in the city, i Includes various types of handicapped children. 8 Includes some children in the hospital. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 77 Table 8. — Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population, 1947-48 — Continued Home instruction Hospital instruction City Crippled Delicate Epileptic Crippled Delicate Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Delaware Wilmington . 5 12 17 Florida i 70 i 27 97 1 109 166 28 28 2 2 18 8 26 10 2 12 5 1 6 32 10 42 Georgia 223 45 268 Columbus _ _ ... 3 5 8 Trion _ 1 1 1 1 Idaho Jerome . . . . . 1 1 2 1 1 Illinois ** Alton . . 17 17 Aurora . 1 1 Bloomington _ 7 7 Chicago . 41 38 79 Danville. ... ._ 6 6 1 1 **Decatur _ _ _ 5 5 2 2 East St. Louis. .. 2 2 4 6 10 **Evanston _ _ 6 4 10 3 3 Joliet.. _ 4 4 3 3 Moline _ 16 16 2 2 **Oak Park _ 4 4 **Peoria . . . ... 13 13 42 42 **Quincy _ 5 5 3 3 Rock Island _ _ 26 26 **Rockford . . . 16 16 17 13 30 **Springfield . . 1 1 8 8 ** Waukegan . . 1 1 1 5 6 79 other cities _ 170 8 178 11 3 14 Indiana East Chicago _ 6 1 7 6 20 Elkhart _ _ _ 2 4 6 Gary . . . i 111 i 29 140 Hammond... . . 36 12 48 Indianapolis _ _ _ 34 7 41 260 230 17 507 Kokomo _ _ _ 15 15 Muncie. _ 1 1 2 Richmond _ . .. 1 1 2 Terre Haute _ 7 3 10 21 other cities _ i 40 1 5 4 2 51 6 3 9 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ _ 4 6 10 Davenport _ .. i 24 HI 35 Des Moines . . 16 5 7 6 4 38 i 41 • 2 43 Dubuque _ _ . 6 3 4 4 17 1 1 2 Ottumwa . 1 1 1 1 Sioux City.. . . 15 8 10 7 40 31 other cities _ » J 69 15 22 3 i 110 • Report for whole county or district in which city is located. ** More than one independent school district in city. 1 Includes various types of handicapped children. * Includes some children in secondary grades. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 8. — Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population, 1947-48 — Continued City Home instruction Hospital instruction Crippled Delicate Epileptic Total Crippled Delicate Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kansas Hutchinson _ . _ 3 1 4 2 other cities _ __ 3 3 1 6 6 Kentucky Ashland. _ 15 15 Covington _ 12 12 Lexington _ 5 5 31 8 39 Louisville—. . . . 41 15 56 100 100 Newport _ .. 11 1 Owensboro _ ... .. 15 15 Paducah.. - -- --- _ 15 15 Louisiana Baton Rouge . . . . 2 2 New Orleans _ 57 3 528 585 Shreveport _ i 14 14 27 27 6 other cities _ 14 1 15 2 2 Maine Portland _ _ 11 13 2 26 36 7 43 13 other cities. _ 19 13 1 33 6 2 8 Maryland Baltimore. _ _ 42 87 129 79 23 102 Cumberland _ 18 5 23 Hagerstown _ _ _ 4 4 16 other cities _ 28 9 3 4 44 1 2 3 Massachusetts Arlington _ 9 1 14 24 Boston 600 89 689 90 17 107 Brocton 6 2 17 1 26 3 2 5 Brookline.. _ 3 2 4 5 14 Cambridge _ _ 9 1 14 24 Chelsea _ . 2 1 1 4 Chicopee 1 8 9 Everett _ _ 16 9 19 Fall River _ 18 18 24 24 Fitchburg _ _ 5 5 Haverhill 11 11 Holyoke _ _ _ 2 1 8 9 20 Lawrence _ 10 10 Lowell 25 5 30 Lynn i 41 1 21 62 Malden _ _ _ . 18 8 10 11 47 Medford _ _ _ 2 18 20 19 59 New Bedford 12 27 39 7 10 17 Newton . 27 11 38 1 1 2 Pittsfield _ 2 2 2 6 Quincy 1 11 1 2 13 Revere 13 1 4 Salem . _ _ _ 6 6 SnmPrville 8 1 20 17 46 Springfield 20 5 10 3 38 15 5 20 Waltham _ 1 15 15 Worcester _ 7 30 37 15 10 25 59 other cities _ 12 128 9 100 8 i 246 20 3 12 35 1 Includes various types of handicapped cildren. s Includes some children in the hospital. 3 Includes some children in secondary grades. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 79 Table 8. — Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population , 1941—48 — Continued Home instruction Hospital instruction City Crippled Delicate Epileptic Crippled Delicate Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Michigan 1 3 32 32 3 373 373 i 3362 362 Flint i 3 23 23 13 138 138 3 8 8 3 12 12 4 3 30 30 3 4 3 25 25 *3 3 i329 29 3 16 16 i 3 37 3 33 70 131,428 3 53 1, 481 Minnesota Duluth... 1 2 3 Minneapolis _ i 9 1 11 20 >32 i 19 51 i 25 2 7 34 1 1 Missouri Kansas City _ 199 1 17 116 St. Louis _ _ 46 15 61 5 other cities 5 4 1 10 67 77 144 Montana 4 cities _ _ 4 2 2 1 9 11 11 Nebraska Alliance.. . . 2 2 Lincoln _ _ 20 4 24 61 61 Omaha _ _ 37 37 21 21 Nevada 3 cities _ _ 21 21 New Hampshire Manchester... ... _ 11 11 1 1 Nashua.. _ _ 4 1 5 1 1 9 other cities . . . 152 5 3 60 New Jersey , Atlantic City . . 12 3 15 Bayonne. . 1 4 2 7 ! Bloomfield . . . . 5 3 12 6 26 1 1 2 Camden _ 10 1 20 1 32 3 2 5 Clifton . . 15 22 37 1 1 1 3 East Orange _ 8 1 7 1 17 Elizabeth . . ... 125 i 25 50 i 2 2 Hoboken _ 2 2 1 3 4 Irvington.. _ _ 2 2 7 4 11 I Jersey City . 43 5 48 1 4 5 1 Kearny . . . . 3 5 3 11 3 3 I Montclair. . . . 8 3 11 New Brunswick _ 2 2 Newark. _ 21 20 41 28 4 32 1 Orange. . . . 4 2 6 9 9 ' Passaic. . 15 7 22 4 3 7 Paterson _ 10 10 5 8 13 Perth Amboy... . . 2 2 4 4 | Plainfield _ ... 4 2 6 3 3 [ South Orange-Maplewood [ Trenton _ _ _ 4 4 6 1 4 6 17 10 7 17 Union City. . 4 1 3 8 ' West New York. _ 5 14 19 94 other cities _ _ i 129 4 28 4 89 25 3 274 23 ii 27 3 64 1 Includes various types of handicapped children. 8 Includes some children in secondary grades. 4 1948-49 data for one city. 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 8. -—Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population, 1947-48— Continued Home instruction Hospital instruction City Crippled Delicate Epileptic Crippled Delicate Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 New Mexico Albuquerque _ __ _ _ 4 1 1 2 8 26 5 1 9 1 42 35 16 16 67 New York 10 7 15 2 34 5 14 2 21 3 20 3 26 Binghamton _ _ 30 5 1 36 i 42 148 90 81 300 381 18 13 31 New York. . _ _ .. 427 236 685 225 1, 573 747 64 132 97 1, 040 32 Poughkeepsie. _ _ 32 8 5 19 5 37 5 1 6 16 13 29 10 9 8 27 2 26 15 43 Utica. _ _ _ 1 3 i 5 14 13 6 3 1 10 Watertown .... _ 4 6 1 11 White Plains _ _ _ 2 3 5 Yonkers . .. _ 12 1 7 3 23 North Dakota 3 cities .. _ _ _ 4 2 6 1 2 3 Ohio Akron 67 67 5 5 Canton . .. _ 21 8 29 Cincinnati . . . 25 11 36 180 14 194 Cleveland .. . . _ 36 8 44 Cleveland Heights 3 3 Columbus 67 20 87 47 16 63 Dayton 120 18 138 43 6 49 East Cleveland . _ _ 1 1 Hamilton _ _ _ _ 17 20 37 5 2 7 Lakewood _ _ 5 7 2 3 17 Lima 43 *3 * 9 15 20 Lorain _ _ _ _ 7 7 Mansfield- _ _ _ 3 3 Marion. _ . _ 5 1 6 Middletown . 7 7 Newark .. _ 8 7 15 1 1 Norwood .. . _ _ _ 1 1 2 1 1 Springfield _ .. . 3 2 2 7 2 3 1 6 Steubenville 1 1 Toledo _ 20 3 23 45 45 Warren .. _ _ _ 11 2 13 Youngstown .. ... ... 24 14 38 6 5 11 Zanesville 2 2 92 other cities. .. _ 130 27 78 11 1 1 248 125 1 11 137 Oklahoma Oklahoma City _ 6 2 8 1 1 Tulsa 13 13 2 other cities 2 1 3 Oregon Portland . . i 123 i 48 171 168 145 313 Salem _ _ 3 5 8 7 2 2 27 23 other cities _ i 36 10 40 1 13 99 2 10 81 20 1 Includes various types of handicapped children. < 1948-49 data for one city. SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES — EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 81 Table 8.— Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population, 1947-48 — Continued Home instruction Hospital instruction City Crippled Delicate Epileptic Crippled Delicate Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total 1 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Pennsylvania 4 41 3 48 Easton. . 1 1 4 6 Erie . . . 1 1 3 3 8 4 2 8 2 16 2 4 2 4 12 Johnstown. _ _ 3 12 5 20 1 1 2 Lower Merion Township. 2 2 4 3 2 3 1 9 57 302 359 Pittsburgh _ 68 68 17 17 Upper Darby 4 3 8 15 Wilkes-Barre . . ... 1 1 1 3 4 York _ _ _ 2 5 8 3 18 69 29 124 35 257 1 4 2 7 Rhode Island Cranston _ _ 10 1 11 East Providence _ i 20 20 Newport _ _ _ 8 4 12 Pawtucket . _ 10 21 2 33 Providence _ _ i 31 i 21 52 1 40 i 4 44 Woonsocket . . . 15 15 9 other cities. _ 15 28 2 45 1 1 South Carolina Charleston.. . . . 24 24 Greenville. . 2 1 3 Sumter _ _ _ . 5 5 2 4 16 South Dakota Sioux Falls . 17 17 1 3 other cities . . 1 1 4 2 2 Tennessee Chattanooga _ 42 42 35 15 50 1 Elnoxville _ _ 5 4 9 40 10 50 | Memphis . . . 10 5 15 31 31 r, Nashville 10 10 35 5 40 6 other cities . 90 4 94 Texas i Austin _ _ 19 4 23 13 1 14 •‘Beaumont.. . 3 3 Corpus Christi.. . 5 5 20 5 25 : Dallas _ .. 35 35 I El Paso _ _ _ 10 25 35 5 3 8 | Galveston . . . . 6 2 8 i Houston. . . . 12 12 43 43 Port Arthur. . . 1 1 Wichita Falls... . 17 14 31 ' 19 other cities... . 1 36 2 11 1 50 17 8 25 Utah i Ogden . . . . 1 8 2 10 2 22 r Salt Lake City. . 1 42 l 24 66 l 44 i 4 48 p 13 other cities . 14 1 33 9 . 1 57 i 8 i 2 5 15 ** More than one independent school district in city. 1 Includes varios types of handicapped children. 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 8. — Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction in cities of 30,000 or more population , 1947-48 — Continued Home instruction Hospital instruction City Crippled Delicate Epileptic Crippled Delicate Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Virginia Alexandria _ 4 1 5 Lynchburg _ 3 1 4 Norfolk. _ _ 7 1 l 27 1 36 3 3 9 15 Petersburg _ 2 2 Portsmouth _ 4 7 2 13 Richmond _ 22 2 J 64 3 91 168 20 i 43 1 232 Roanoke .. 12 1 i 52 2 67 15 other cities . 16 25 1 42 52 5 i 55 112 Washington Everett.. _ _ 15 15 ••Seattle . . . i 111 i 51 162 i 397 i 301 698 Spokane _ 5 12 17 12 12 24 Tacoma _ 23 18 10 9 60 55 105 160 15 other cities _ _ * 2 57 l J 26 2 73 3 26 2 184 27 6 12 45 West Virginia Clarksburg _ 4 4 Huntington _ 13 13 103 103 •Parkersburg 36 4 40 •Piedmont _ 2 2 •Wheeling _ _ _ 10 8 18 4 4 16 other cities _ i 57 5 14 76 8 7 15 Wisconsin Kenosha _ _ 4 1 18 1 23 Madison _ 20 1 21 Milwaukee _ 147 46 193 256 6 64 1 327 Racine 6 5 11 Wyoming 2 cities _ _ 6 6 District of Columbia W ashington 1*84 12 71 140 >38 2 3 238 Outlying Part of the United States Territory of Hawaii •Honolulu . . 5 4 1 10 21 7 20 83 131 * Report for whole county or district in which city is located. 1 Includes various types of handicapped children. * Includes some children in the hospital. O Biennial Survey of Education in Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education 49M-47 FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Ollice of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1946-48 Prepared by WILLARD O. MlSHOFF, Specialist for College and Research Libraries , and EMERY M. FOSTER, Head , Reports and Analysis Branchy Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner The statistical reports in this study were edited and the data tabulated by Mary M. Willhoite, statistician, and the text was prepared by Willard O. Mishoff, specialist for college and research libraries, under the direction of Ralph M. Dunbar, chief, Service to Libraries Section, and Emery M. Foster, head, Reports and Analysis Branch, Research and Statistical Service. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1949 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents CONTENTS Page Foreword . v Introduction . 1 Number and distribution of institutions of higher education . 3 Book stock . 4 Book circulation . 6 Number of hours open per week for circula¬ tion . 8 Library expenditures . 9 Library personnel . II Basic statistics of libraries of institutions of higher education, 1946-47 . 13 Summary of library statistics of institu¬ tions of higher education, 1939—40 and 1946-47 . 13 Unpublished library data from institutions of higher education, 1946-47 . 13 Appendix: Library statistics of institutions of higher education (Form 8-072 Rev. 1947) . 16 Tables 1. Number and distribution of institu¬ tions of higher education, and student enrollment, 1946-47 . 14 2. Book stock of libraries in institutions of higher education, 1946-47 . 14 3. Number of institutions of higher edu¬ cation, distributed by number of vol¬ umes added to library, 1946-47 . 15 4. Number of institutions of higher edu¬ cation, distributed by number of vol¬ umes in library at end of year, 1946-47. 15 5. Library book circulation of institutions of higher education, 1946-47 . 16 6. Number of institutions of higher edu¬ cation, distributed by number of hours open per week for library book circula¬ tion, 1946-47 . 16 in Page 7. Library expenditures of institutions of higher education, 1946-47 . 17 8. Number of institutions of higher educa¬ tion, distributed by amount of library operating expenditures, 1946-47 . 18 9. Library personnel and student library assistants of institutions of higher edu¬ cation, 1946-47 . 18 10. Number of institutions of higher edu¬ cation, distributed by size of full-time library staff, 1946-47 . 19 11. Statistics of book stock, student en¬ rollment (regular session), book circu¬ lation, expenditures, and library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education, by State, 1946-47 . 20 12. Statistics of book stock, student en¬ rollment (regular session), book circu¬ lation, number of hours open per week for circulation (regular session), expenditures, and library staff of librar¬ ies of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 1,000 students or more, by institution, 1946-47 . 22 IV FOREWORD fjp HIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is the second in a new series of statistical reports on libraries in institutions of higher education. The previous study, for 1939-40, was chapter VI of volume II of the Biennial Survey for 1938-40. Formerly statistics from all types of libraries had been combined in one study entitled Statistics of Public, Society , and School Libraries , for which the first collection of data was made in 1870. Herbert S. Conrad Chief , Research and Statistical Service v . Statistics of Libraries in Institu¬ tions of Higher Education, 1946-47 T IBRARY STATISTICS have come to be widely regarded as essen- tial aids in the planning and measurement of library service in institutions of higher education. With the stimulus of grants from foundations and the Government in the decade preceding World War II, many library book collections and building facilities were modern¬ ized. College authorities needed facts with which to develop stand¬ ards of library administration. Motivated by the need for Nation¬ wide library data, the American Library Association encouraged the establishment within the Office of Education of a section, one of whose major functions was to be the collection and publication of library statistics from higher educational institutions as well as from public and school libraries. This function has been performed with the technical assistance of the statistical service of the Office. The purpose of this study is to present for the use of those especially concerned with library administration basic statistical data on the resources, use, finance, and personnel of libraries in institutions of higher education in the United States and its outlying parts. Spe¬ cifically, this report is designed (1) to present State and National summaries of basic library data on the Nation-wide status of library service in higher educational institutions; (2) to provide detailed sta¬ tistics on the libraries of the larger universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools; and (3) to offer such interpretation of the data in the tables as may facilitate their application to problems of library administration. The compilation for these institutions covers the fiscal year which closed any time during the period from July 1, 1946, to June 30, 1947. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Library data for 1946-47 were obtained by the Office of Education through the use of its form, “Library Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education” (Form 8-072 Rev. 1947), a copy of which is re¬ produced on pages 46-49. With some additions, deletions, and refine¬ ments (based on suggestions from the Higher Education Division of the Office of Education, the Bureau of the Budget, the Association of College and Research Libraries, and various library authorities) , this blank called for information similar to that in the questionnaire (Form 8-072) used in the preceding survey of 1939-40.1 The current blank was distributed to the institutions of higher education listed in the Educational Directory , Wlfi-lfl, Part 3, 2 through the president, who was requested to have the librarian supply as much of the data indicated as possible. All returns from libraries of institutions of higher education were edited in the Office of Education for possible discrepancies, omissions, and misinterpretations, and inquiries were addressed to respondents when necessary. A relatively small proportion of defective returns on Form 8-072 Revised for 1946-47 was received as the respondents had had previous experience with a similar questionnaire (Form 8-072), which had been used by the American Library Association, the Asso¬ ciation of College and Research Libraries, and some State library agencies for their collections of college and university library statis¬ tics since 1939 and by the Office in its 1939^0 collection. On the basis of the edited reports, summary tables and detailed tabulations were compiled and are presented in the following pages. Data on corresponding items from the survey of 1939-40 are included in the text wherever possible. The library statistics of institutions of higher education for 1946-47 included in this compilation cover book stock, student enrollment served, library book circulation, hours of service, expenditures, and library personnel. These data were reported by librarians or other responsible higher educational officials and may be regarded as au¬ thoritative. Summary tabulations of library data, by type of institu¬ tion (tables 1-10) are similar, except for State totals, to those pub¬ lished by the Office of Education in its study, College and University Library Statistics , 1939-10. Basic library data by States are sum¬ marized in a separate table (table 11). Library statistics are pre¬ sented in detail (table 12) for individual institutions serving a total enrollment of 1,000 students or more during the regular session of 1 U. S. Office of Education. College and University Library Statistics, 1989-40, by Ralph M. Dunbar and Emery M. Foster. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1943. 105 p. (Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1938-40.) 2 U. S. Office of Education. Educational Directory, 1946-4 7, Part 3: Colleges and Uni¬ versities Including All Institutions of Higher Education. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1947. 132 p. LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 3 the year reported. In the text and summary tables (tables 1-10), however, library data are included from all reporting institutions of higher education in the United States and outlying parts, regardless of the size of enrollment, for the fiscal year ended in 1947. Number and Distribution of Institutions of Higher Education The Nation-wide scope of this study is indicated by the number and distribution of institutions of higher education to which questionnaires were sent (table 1) . This list was taken from the Educational Direc¬ tory, 19If6-i7, and shows that there was a total of 1,700 institutions 3 of higher education in the United States and its outlying parts in 1946- 47, of which 1,695 were in continental United States (table 1, column 2) . A total of 1,345 institutions of higher education in continental United States and its outlying parts submitted library reports for 1946-47 to the Office of Education (table 1, column 3), while 1,321 sent in returns in the survey of 1939-40. The returns for 1946-47 therefore represent an over-all coverage of 79.1 percent of the higher educational institutions in continental United States and its outlying parts, slightly exceeding the coverage of 77.7 percent in the survey of 1939-40. The 1,340 institutions of higher education in continental United States which sent library reports for 1946-47 to the Office included 680, or 87.3 percent, of the 779 colleges and universities; 175, or 66.0 percent, of the 265 professional and technological schools ; 178, or 82.4 percent, of the 216 teachers colleges and normal schools ; and 307, or 70.6 percent of the 435 junior colleges (table 1, columns 2-4). An analysis of the 355 nonrespondents to the library questionnaire (Form 8-072 Rev. 1947) shows that, of the 364 State or federally con¬ trolled institutions of higher education in continental United States only 32, or 8.8 percent, did not send library data for 1946-47 to the Office of Education. Of the 199 colleges and universities under district or city control 59, or 29.6 percent, did not reply. Of the 445 institu¬ tions under private control 125, or 28.1 percent, did not respond. Finally, of the 692 schools under denominational control 139, or 20.1 percent, did not send in returns. In general, those institutions of higher education that did not report library statistics to the Office of Education in the Nation-wide survey of 1946-47 enrolled fewer than 500 students each. Some of the higher educational institutions did not include data on all the items in the library report form. Some of these institutions * Ibid., p. 7. 848523 — 49- 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 reported that they did not keep library records corresponding to some of the items on the questionnaire. For example, statistics of acquisi¬ tion, circulation, and reference service were often either incompletely reported or omitted. Not infrequently institutions failed to report data on finance. No returns were used from institutions of higher education that did not report their total library book stock. Wherever statistics of student enrollment were reported inadequately by respond¬ ents, data available in the Office of Education were used. Throughout this study, the library statistics reported by higher edu¬ cational institutions included, as a rule, the central library and all its agencies, such as school and college libraries, departmental libraries, dormitory or fraternity libraries, and any other organized collections which, as integral parts of a college or university library system, dis¬ tributed books or otherwise rendered library service to faculty, stu¬ dents, and others. All library agencies presumably were included, whether on the campus or elsewhere, provided that they were under the general direction and control of the college or university librarian. In the use of library data from junior colleges it should be noted that their library facilities were sometimes combined with those of the high school, and occasionally with those of a 4-year college. Book Stock For the fiscal year ended in 1947, 1,311 institutions of higher edu¬ cation in continental United States reported to the Office of Education additions to their libraries totaling 3,602,198 volumes (table 2, column 4). In 1939-40, higher educational institutions in continental United States reported total acquisitions of 3,194,578 volumes. The term “volume,” as defined in the report form (Form 8-072 Eev. 1947), is “any printed, typewritten, mimeographed, or processed work, bound or unbound, which has been cataloged or fully prepared for use.” Kespondents were requested not to count as a volume a single issue of a periodical unless it was cataloged as a separate item. Of the total number of volumes added to the libraries in 1946-47 by institutions of higher education in continental United States reporting this item to the Office of Education, colleges and universities accounted for 80.5 percent; professional and technological schools, 7.2 percent; teachers colleges and normal schools, 7.5 percent; and junior colleges, 4.8 percent (table 2, columns 2 and 4). In 1946-47 these institutions enrolled a total of 1,903,342 undergraduate and graduate students. The additions to their libraries therefore averaged in that year 1.9 books per student. In 1939-40 higher educational institutions added 2.6 books per student. The decline in the number of books per student added to these libraries in 1946-47 may be accounted for in part by LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 5 a marked increase in postwar student enrollments and by a serious shortage of printed educational materials in the market. According to the data for 1946-47, colleges and universities with an enrollment of 1,455,178 students added 2.0 books per student; profes¬ sional and technological schools enrolling 140,537 students added 1.8 books per student; teachers colleges and normal schools with an en¬ rollment of 148,264 added 1.8 books per student; and junior colleges with an enrollment of 159,363 students added 1.1 books per student. If competence in the book selection is assumed, one indication of the current value of the library in a school or college is the number of volumes added annually to the collection. In 1946-47, the 11311 insti¬ tutions of higher education reporting this item (table 3), 591, or 45.1 percent, added fewer than 1,000 volumes; 594, or 45.3 percent, 1,000 to 4,999 volumes; 107 or 8.2 percent, 5,000 to 24,999 volumes; and 19, or 1.4 percent, acquired 25,000 volumes or more. Nearly half of these institutions added in 1946-47 fewer than 1,000 volumes (table 3, column 3) . In this category were 178, or 26.5 percent of the reporting colleges and universities ; 89, or 53.6 percent, of the professional and technological schools; 65, or 36.9 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools ; and 259, or 87.0 percent, of the junior colleges. In contrast with the meager acquisitions of many institutions of higher education were the extensive additions to relatively large libra¬ ries. Of the colleges and universities in continental United States reporting library additions in 1946^47 to the Office of Education 6, or 1.0 percent, acquired 50,000 volumes or more (table 3, colmn 9) ; 1, or 0.6 percent, of the professional and technological schools added from 10,000 to 14,999 volumes (table 3, column 6) ; 2, or 1.1 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools added from 5,000 to 9,999 volumes (table 3, column 5) ; and 39, or 13.1 percent, of the junior colleges acquired from 1,000 to 4,999 volumes (table 3, column 4). Although the number of volumes in a library is not an entirely adequate measure of its usefulness in an educational program, expe¬ rience has shown that the larger the library collection the more likely is its inclusion of significant titles. The 1,340 institutions of higher education in continental United States reporting their library hold¬ ings at the end of the fiscal year 1947 owned 94,300,665 volumes (table 2, column 7) . Of these total holdings, colleges and universities con¬ tained 83.3 percent; professional and technological schools, 6.7 per¬ cent; teachers colleges and normal schools, 6.8 percent; and junior colleges, 3.2 percent. In 1946-47 the 1,340 reporting institutions of higher education in continental United States enrolled a total of 1,952,935 students 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 and owned 48.3 books per student. Colleges and universities with a total enrollment of 1,487,318 students owned 52.8 books per student; professional and technological schools enrolling 152,046 students owned 41.4 books per student; teachers colleges and normal schools with an enrollment of 148,932 owned 43.3 books per student ; and jun¬ ior colleges with an enrollment of 164,639 students owned 18.4 books per student. According to data reported for 1946-47 (table 4), 287, or 21.4 per¬ cent, of the higher educational institutions owned fewer than 10,000 volumes each ; 720, or 53.7 percent, owned from 10,000 to 49,999 ; 246, or 18.4 percent, owned from 50,000 to 199,999 ; 76, or 5.7 percent, owned from 200,000 to 999,999 ; and 11, or 0.8 percent, owned 1,000,000 vol¬ umes or more each. From the distribution table it may be seen that about one-fifth of the institutions of higher education in continental United States reported library holdings in 1946-47 of fewer than 10,000 volumes each (table 4, column 3 ) . These small libraries were to be found in 28, or 4.1 percent, of the reporting colleges and universities; 48, or 27.4 percent, of the professional and technological schools; 9, or 5.1 percent, of the teach¬ ers colleges and normal schools ; and 202, or 65.8 percent, of the junior colleges. In contrast with these small collections were the extensive holdings of relatively large libraries. Eleven, or 1.6 percent, of the reporting colleges and universities owned 1,000,000 volumes or more at the end of the fiscal year 1947 (table 4, column 10) ; 3, or 1.7 percent, of the professional and technological schools, from 200,000 to 499,999 volumes (table 4, column 8) ; 5, or 2.8 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools, from 100,000 to 199,999 volumes (table 4, column 7) ; and 1, or 0.3 percent, of the junior colleges owned from 50,000 to 99,999 volumes (table 4, column 6) at the end of that fiscal year. Book Circulation Since library collections in schools and colleges exist primarily for service to their students and faculty, the measurement of their use is important. This use includes the consultation of library materials both inside and outside the library building. At present, the circu¬ lation of books for home use and the loan of reserved books are re¬ corded separately by institutions of higher education with sufficient comparability to warrant the inclusion of these statistics in a Nation¬ wide summary. To facilitate comparison of the reports on circulation of library books, respondents were requested to submit data according to the following practice : LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 7 Number of volumes lent should include pamphlets and periodicals as well as books, counting one for each lending by the library. Renewal of a book under library rules should also be counted as a loan. If it is found necessary to depart from these rules, this fact should be reported. If audio-visual aids were included in the statistics of number of vol¬ umes lent, this fact was to be indicated on the report blank. For the fiscal year 1947, 1,177 institutions of higher education in continental United States reported a total circulation for home use of 27,197,348 volumes (table 5, column 4). Of this total the colleges and universities accounted for 72.5 percent; professional and tech¬ nological schools, 5.4 percent; teachers colleges and normal schools, 14.3 percent; and junior colleges, 7.8 percent. In 1939-40, higher educational institutions reported to the Office a total circulation for home use of 26,441,007 volumes. These 1,177 institutions of higher education reported a total enroll¬ ment in 1946-47 of 1,817,893 undergraduate and graduate students and circulated for home use 15.0 books per student (table 5) . Colleges and universities with an enrollment of 1,410,017 students circulated for home use 14.0 books per student ; professional and technological schools enrolling 120,995 students, 12.1 per student; teachers colleges and nor¬ mal schools with an enrollment of 138,713 students, 28.1 per student; and junior colleges with an enrollment of 148,168 students circulated for home use 14.4 books per student. For the fiscal year 1947, 977 institutions of higher education in con¬ tinental United States reported to the Office of Education a total cir¬ culation of 30,968,772 reserved books (table 5, column 7). Of this total, libraries in colleges and universities lent 81.5 percent; profes¬ sional and technological schools, 2.7 percent; teachers colleges and normal schools, 10.8 percent; and junior colleges, 5.0 percent. In 1939-40, higher educational institutions reported to the Office a total reserved book circulation of 36,591,088 volumes. These 977 institutions of higher education reported a total enroll¬ ment in 1946-47 of 1,657,979 undergraduate and graduate students and circulated 18.7 reserved books per student (table 5). Colleges and universities with an enrollment of 1,337,833 students circulated 18.9 reserved books per student; professional and technological schools enrolling 73,871 students, 11.5 per student; teachers colleges and nor¬ mal schools with an enrollment of 125,536, 26.7 per student ; and junior colleges wfith an enrollment of 120,739 students, circulated 12.6 reserved books per student. The above-mentioned statistics of book loans are presented on a Nation-wide basis only as a general index of library use in higher educational institutions. The following qualifications, made by the 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Office of Education in its preceding statistical survey of college and university libraries, remain applicable to the present study. Interpretation of circulation for home use and of reserved books must be made with extreme caution, because the figures are affected by such factors as method of instruction, type of subjects taught, lay-out of building, regu¬ lations for the use of books, and living arrangements for the students.4 Interlibrary loan transactions are evidence of cooperation between institutions of higher education in the interest of broader scholarship and greater economy. In this way the specialized library resources of one campus are made available to students elsewhere, and unnecessary duplication of titles is avoided. The libraries of institutions of higher education in continental United States reporting these data to the Office of Education borrowed from other libraries during 1946-47 a total of 93,093 volumes (table 5, column 8) and lent 101,866 volumes (table 5, column 9). In 1939-40 higher educational institutions bor¬ rowed from other libraries 89,880 volumes and lent 65,896. Number of Hours Open per Week for Circulation The usefulness of a library serving an institution of higher educa¬ tion depends to a large extent upon the number of hours it is open weekly for circulation. In 1946-47, a total of 1,283 of these institutions in continental United States reported to the Office of Education that they were open for circulation service on schedules ranging from less than 30 to more than 80 hours per week (table 6) . From this tabula¬ tion it may be seen that these libraries were distributed by number of weekly hours of service as follows : 77, or 6.0 percent, were open less than 40 hours per week; 490, or 38.2 percent, 40 to 59 hours; 555, or 43.3 percent, 60 to 79 hours; and 161, or 12.5 percent, were open 80 hours or more per week. According to the distribution table about 1 in every 16 of the insti¬ tutions of higher education in continental United States reported that it opened its library for circulation during 1946-47 less than 40 hours per week (table 6, columns 3-4). In this group were 14, or 2.1 percent, of the colleges and universities; 13, or 8.5 percent, of the professional and technological schools ; 3, or 1.7 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools; and 47, or 16.1 percent, of the junior colleges. In contrast with this limited service, 161 higher educational insti¬ tutions opened their libraries for circulation of materials 80 or more hours weekly (table 6, column 9). In this group were 130, or 19.5 percent, of the colleges and universities ; 13, or 8.5 percent, of the pro- 4 College and University Library Statistics , 1989-^0, p. 9. LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 9 fessional and technological schools; 9, or 5.2 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools; and 9, or 3.1 percent, of the junior colleges. It should be noted that local conditions of enrollment, instruction, residence, and financial support largely determine the number of hours daily and weekly during which the library of a higher educational institution may be open for the circulation of its materials. Experi¬ ence has shown that the larger the student enrollment served, the longer the schedule of classes held, and the less adequate the study facilities provided in student residences, the greater is the number of hours school and college libraries find it necessary to be open. Library Expenditures In 1946-47 the total library operating expenditures (excluding capital outlay) reported to the Office of Education by 1,279 institutions of higher education in continental United States amounted to $34,621,- 588 (table 7, column 4). These expenditures were made for salaries of the library staff and for student service, for books and periodicals, binding, audio-visual materials, and for other purposes (excluding building maintenance and capital outlay) . In 1939-40, higher educa¬ tional institutions reported total library operating expenditures of $17,976,231. Of the total operating expenditures reported for 1946-47 by institu¬ tions of higher education, the sum of $17,887,213, or 51.7 percent, was used for salaries of the library staff; $3,050,791, or 8.8 percent, for student service; $10,671,202, or 30.8 percent, for books and periodicals; $1,273,418, or 3.7 percent, for binding; $131,818, or 0.4 percent, for audio-visual materials ; and $1,595,637, or 4.6 percent, for other operat¬ ing expenses (excluding building maintenance) ; and the relatively small sum of $11,509 was undistributed (table 7). The 1,279 institutions of higher education reporting library expend¬ itures and enrolling 1,916,405 students averaged in 1946-47 $18.07 per student (table 7, columns 2-4). Colleges and universities with an enrollment of 1,473,889 students spent for library operations in that year $39.21 per student ; professional and technological schools enrol¬ ling 135,840 students, $15.70 per student; teachers colleges and normal schools with an enrollment of 147,734, $17.51 per student; and junior colleges with an enrollment of 158,942 students spent for library oper¬ ations $10.04 per student. In 1939^40, the 1,241 higher educational institutions reporting library expenditures enrolled 1,174,214 students, and spent for library operations $15.31 per student. Although double the amount of money was expended for library operation in 1940-47, the expenditure per student increased only 18 percent. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 These data on operating expenditures per student assume special significance in the light of the following statement made in 1946 by the College and University Postwar Planning Committee of the American Library Association and Association of College and Reference Libraries : The most generally accepted standard in college library circles has perhaps been that set up by the American Library Association Committee on the Classification of Library Personnel. This committee, on the basis of careful study in 1928 of the budgets of 100 colleges and universities, recom¬ mended an annual expenditure of $25 per student enrolled, dropping to $20 per student for those institutions with enrollments above 8,000.5 6 The above quoted standard has been generally recognized for more than 20 years by library authorities of institutions of higher education. Its ultimate modification is likely, however, as a result of current deliberations by a committee representing both the American Library Association and the Association of College and Reference Libraries. The adequacy of library service to schools and colleges in a final analysis, depends largely upon the size of the annual operating budget. It may be of value, therefore, to note the distribution, by amount of operating expenditures, of the 1,279 institutions of higher education reporting these data to the Office of Education for 1946-47 (table 8). From this tabulation it may be seen that these institutions were dis¬ tributed by size of annual library operating budget as follows : 350, or 27.4 percent, spent less than $5,000 ; 675, or 52.7 percent, from $5,000 to $24,999; 184, or 14.4 percent, from $25,000, to $99,999; and 70, or 5.5 percent, spent $100,000 or more for current operations. According to the distribution table about one-eighth of the reporting higher educational institutions spent for library operations in 1946-47 less than $3,000 (table 8, column 3). In this group were 38, or 5.7 percent, of the colleges and universities; 26, or 17.3 percent, of the professional and technological schools ; 7, or 4.4 percent, of the teach¬ ers colleges and normal schools ; and 89, or 30.6 percent, of the junior colleges. In contrast with the meager library operating budgets of many in¬ stitutions of higher education throughout the Nation were those of the relatively large establishments. In 1946-47, 19, or 2.9 percent, of the colleges and universities spent $300,000 or more for library oper¬ ations (table 8, column 10) ; 9, or 6.0 percent, of the professional and technological schools spent from $50,000 to $299,999 (table 8, columns 8-9) ; 24, or 13.9 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools ; 5 College and University Postwar Planning Committee of the American Library Associa¬ tion and the Association of College and Reference Libraries. College and University Libraries and Librarianship. Chicago, American Library Association, 1946. p. 19. LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 11 and 6, or 2.1 percent, of the junior colleges spent from $25,000 to $99,- 999 (table 8, columns 7-8). The total capital outlay for library purposes reported to the Office of Education by institutions of higher education in continental United States amounted in 1946-47 to $3,324,786 (table 7, column 11). This figure included expenditures for such items as library buildings, sites, and additions. Of this total, colleges and universities reported $2,551,131, or 76.7 percent; professional and technological schools, $63,225, or 2.0 percent ; teachers colleges and normal schools, $506,621, or 15.2 percent ; and junior colleges, $203,809, or 6.1 percent. In 1939- 40, higher educational institutions reported a total capital outlay of $4,270,470. Library Personnel A total of 10,617 persons were employed in 1946-47 to operate the libraries of 1,340 institutions of higher education in continental United States as reported to the Office of Education. Of this number, 8,511 were full-time and 2,106 were part-time workers (table 9, columns 3-4). Of the total personnel, furthermore, 56.2 percent were pro¬ fessional librarians ; 12.2 percent were subprofessional assistants ; 27.9 percent were clerical and other library employees ; and 3.7 percent were undistributed (table 9, columns 5-10). In 1939-40, higher educa¬ tional institutions reported the employment of the full-time equiva¬ lent of 6,760 library workers, of whom 69.8 percent were professional ; 8.7 percent, subprofessional; and 21.5 percent, clerical and other em¬ ployees. The building maintenance force and student assistants paid on an hourly basis were not included in the data on library personnel in either of these surveys. To provide an over-all view of the library personnel in higher edu¬ cational institutions in 1946-47, a distribution is presented by size of full-time library staff (table 10), excluding students paid an hourly wage and the maintenance staff. Of the 1,262 institutions of higher education in continental United States reporting full-time library staff data for 1946-47, 817, or 64.7 percent, employed a library staff of 1 to 3 workers ; 362, or 28.7 percent, from 4 to 20 employees ; 67, or 5.3 percent, from 21 to 75 employees; and 16, or 1.3 percent, employed on the library staff more than 75 persons. According to the distribution table about one-third of the reporting higher educational institutions employed on the library staff in 1946-47 only 1 full-time worker (table 10, column 3). In this group were 121, or 18.1 percent, of the colleges and universities; 58, or 38.4 percent, of the professional and technological schools ; 36, or 20.6 percent, of the 848523—49 - 3 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 teachers colleges and normal schools ; and 179, or 66.8 percent, of the junior colleges. In relating the number of library personnel to the salary budget of many colleges under denominational control, it should be noted that services are frequently contributed to the library by members of religious orders. Kelatively few higher educational institutions employed large full¬ time library staffs. In this group were 9, or 1.3 percent, of the colleges and universities, which employed more than 100 library workers (table 10, columns 10-11) ; 2, or 1.3 percent, of the professional and tech¬ nological schools with 21 to 50 library employees (table 10, column 7) ; 1, or 0.6 percent, of the teachers colleges and normal schools, with 21 to 50 library workers (table 10, column 7) ; and 4, or 1.5 percent, of the junior colleges which employed from 11 to 20 on the library staff (table 10, column 6). The distinctions in library personnel between professional, sub¬ professional, and clerical workers called for by the Office of Education in its report form for library statistics of institutions of higher edu¬ cation represented, both in 1939-40 and in 1946-47, a classification recognized in general by the library prof ession. (Seep. 49.) A need still exists for further clarification and understanding of personnel terms used for reporting library statistics. The enumeration of library employees in higher educational institutions by type of workers in terms of full-time personnel and full-time equivalents of part-time personnel likewise remains a problem. Unless the number of part-time workers is expressed in terms of their equivalents in full-time workers, it is impossible to present figures which show the actual manpower available for carrying the service load of a given library. The importance of part-time workers may be seen in the fact that schools and colleges for many years have relied heavily on student assistants to perform many manual or clerical services in the operation of their libraries. In 1946-47, institutions of higher education in con¬ tinental United States reported to the Office of Education a total of 15,290 student assistants employed on an hourly basis (table 9, column 11). These students served a total of 5,190,390 hours paid for from the library budget (table 9, column 12). In that year colleges and universities employed 11,425 student assistants for a total of 4,197,972 hours ; professional and technological schools, 808 students for 205,471 hours ; teachers colleges and normal schools, 1,915 students for 598,014 hours ; and junior colleges employed 1,142 student assistants for a total of 188,933 hours. The full-time equivalent of these part-time workers added to the number of full-time employees would give a more accurate Nation-wide presentation of the personnel utilized in institutions of higher education than is shown by the foregoing data. LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 13 Basic Statistics of Libraries of Institutions of Higher Education 9 1946—47 Basic library statistics of institutions of higher education in the United States and its outlying parts are presented (tables 11-12) cov¬ ering book resources, use, expenditures and personnel as of 1946-47. In addition to total figures by State (table 11), detailed library data are presented for individual institutions of higher education in con¬ tinental United States in three groups (table 12) by size of student en¬ rollment as of the third week, fall term of 1946: (1) Group A, 5,000 and over;6 (2) Group B, 2,000 o 4,999; and (3) Group C, 1,000 to 1,999. The data in tables 11 and 12 are included in the summaries by type of institution (table 1-10) . Summary of Library Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education 9 1939—40 and 1946—47 For convenience of reference, summary statistics of libraries of institutions of higher education, based on reports to the Office of Education for 1939-40 and 1946-47, are presented below: 1959-40 1946-47 Total number of institutions of higher education. _ Number of institutions submitting report _ Total number of volumes added during year _ Total number of volumes at end of year _ Number of volumes added per student _ Number of volumes at end of year per student _ Total number of volumes circulated for home use.. Number of volumes circulated for home use per student _ Total number of reserved books circulated _ Number of reserved books circulated per student. Total operating expenditures (excluding capital outlay) _ Operating expenditures per student _ Total number of library employees (excluding student assistants) _ 1,699 1,700 1, 321 1, 345 3, 194, 578 3, 602, 198 71, 666, 801 94, 300, 665 2. 6 1.9 59. 8 48. 3 26, 441, 007 27, 197, 348 21. 7 15.0 36, 591, 088 30, 968, 772 30. 0 18. 7 $17, 976, 231 $34, 621, 588 $15. 31 $18. 07 7 6, 760 10, 617 7 Total number of full-time employees, plus full-time equivalent of part-time workers. Unpublished Library Data From Institutions of Higher Education9 1946—47 The Office of Education has received returns from 1,345 institutions of higher education in continental United States and its outlying parts in response to its request for library statistical data covering the fiscal • Preliminary data were issued by the Research and Statistical Service, Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, as follows : Library Statistics of Colleges and Universities with Enrollments of 5,000 Students or More, 1946-4 7. (Circular No. 243, June 1948.) 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 year ended in 1947. Budgetary limitations have permitted the publi¬ cation only of the State summaries and limited tabulations of data pertaining to individual institutions of higher education as contained in this report. On file in the Office and available to investigators are facts reported on Form 8-072 (Rev. 1947) by the libraries of these institutions for 1946-47 on such items as : Miscellaneous stock (uncata¬ loged pamphlets ; manuscripts ; photos, pictures, prints ; maps ; slides, film slides ; microfilms ; films ; sound recordings) ; newspapers and periodicals ; reference questions ; hours open per week for reading and study ; and personnel classification. These data are available for con¬ sultation at the Federal Security Agency, Office of Education, Wash¬ ington, D. C., and, within the limits of the available staff, may be used to answer individual inquiries by mail. Table 1. — Number and distribution of institutions' of higher education , and student enrollment, 194&-47 Type of institution Total number of institutions of higher education 1 Number of institutions Percent Student enrollment (regular session) 2 submitting report reporting Under¬ graduate Graduate 1 3 3 4 5 6 Continental United States. . . __ 1,695 1,340 79.1 1,805,364 147,571 Colleges and universities _ 779 680 87.3 1,354, 036 140, 251 146, 438 164, 639 133, 282 11, 795 2,494 Professional and technological schools _ _ _ 265 175 66.0 Teachers colleges and normal schools _ 216 178 82.4 Junior colleges _ _ _ 435 307 70.6 Outlying parts of the United States... 5 5 100.0 11,894 263 Colleges and universities _ 4 4 100.0 11, 689 205 263 Junior colleges _ _ _ 1 1 100.0 i Number listed in Educational Directory, 19^6^7. 2 Third week, fall term, 1946-47. Table 2 . — Book stock of libraries in institutions of higher education, 194&-47 Type of institution Book stock added during year Book stock at end of year Total number of insti¬ tutions reporting Total stu¬ dent enroll¬ ment of institutions reporting Number of volumes Total number of insti¬ tutions reporting Total stu¬ dent enroll¬ ment of institutions reporting Number of volumes i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States... Colleges and universities _ Professional and technological schools. Teachers colleges and normal schools.. Junior colleges . Outlying parts of the United States . . . Colleges and universities . . . Junior colleges . . . . 1,311 1,903, 343 3, 602, 198 1,340 1, 952,935 94,300,665 671 166 176 298 1,455,178 140, 537 148, 264 159, 363 2,898,335 258, 652 271, 505 173, 706 680 175 178 307 1,487, 318 152,046 148, 932 164,639 78, 514, 794 6, 297, 154 6, 456,484 3,032,233 5 13, 157 21,268 5 12, 157 325,798 4 1 11,952 205 20,406 862 4 1 11,952 205 316,007 9, 791 LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 15 Table 3. — Number[of institutions of higher education , distributed by number of volumes added to library , 1946-47 Type (^institution Num¬ ber of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Number of volumes added Fewer than 1,000 1,000- 4,999 5,000- 9,999 10, GOO- 14, 999 15, GOO- 24, 999 25, GOO- 49, 999 50,000 or more * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States. Colleges and universities.- . . 1,311 591 591 59 26 22 13 6 671 166 176 298 178 89 65 259 379 67 109 39 48 9 2 25 1 22 13 6 Professional and technological schools . . . Teachers colleges and normal schools . Junior colleges _ Outlying parts of the United States . . 5 2 1 , 1 Colleges^and universities . . . 4 1 1 1 1 1 Junior colleges . . . . Table 4. — Number of institutions of higher education, distributed by number of volumes in library at end of year, 1946-47 Total number Number of volumes in library Type of institution of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Fewer than 10,000 10, GOO- 24 ,999 25,000- 49,999 50,000- 99,999 100, GOO- 199 ,999 200, GOO- 499, 999 500, GOO- 999, 999 1,000,000 or more i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . 1, 340 287 402 318 161 85 59 17 11 Colleges and universities _ 680 28 200 190 108 70 56 17 11 Professional and technological schools _ _ 175 48 52 37 25 10 3 Teachers colleges and normal schools _ _ 178 9 58 79 27 5 Junior colleges . . . 307 202 92 12 1 Outlying parts of the United States . 5 1 2 2 Colleges and universities _ 4 2 2 Junior colleges. _ _ _ 1 1 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 5. — Library book circulation of institutions of higher education , 1946-47 Book circulation Type of institution Home use Reserved books Interlibrary loans Total num¬ ber of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Total student enroll¬ ment of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Number of volumes Total num¬ ber of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Total student enroll¬ ment of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Number of volumes Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes bor¬ rowed Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes lent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 1, 177 1,817,893 37, 197,348 977 1,657,979 30,968, 772 93,093 191,866 Colleges and universities . . _ 635 126 159 257 1, 410,017 120,995 138, 713 148, 168 19, 709, 525 1, 460, 227 3,897,258 2,130,338 560 74 138 205 1,337,833 73,871 125, 536 120, 739 25, 236, 114 851, 592 3, 355,365 1, 525, 701 71, 736 7,930 7,537 5, 890 86, 595 11, 291 3, 219 761 Professional and technological schools _ Teachers colleges and normal schools _ _ _ _ Junior colleges . . . . Outlying parts of the United States _ 5 12, 157 162,928 3 11, 582 203, 634 492 128 Colleges and universities . . Junior colleges _ 4 1 11, 952 205 141,873 21, 055 3 11, 582 203, 634 492 128 Table 6. — Number of institutions of higher education , distributed by number of hours open per week for library book circulation , 1946—47 Type of institution 1 Continental United States. Colleges and universities _ Professional and technological schools _ Teachers colleges and normal schools . Junior colleges . . . Outlying parts of the United States _ Colleges and universities . Junior colleges . . . Total num¬ ber of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Number of hours open per week for circulation (regular session) Less than 30 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80 and more 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1,283 30 47 221 269 310 245 161 666 152 173 292 7 5 7 8 3 29 44 41 30 106 127 20 58 64 170 36 59 45 181 29 14 21 130 13 y 9 I§ 5 1 2 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 Table 7. — Library expenditures of institutions of higher education , 1946-47 LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Capital outlay 3 CO QO N e* & 2, 551, 131 63, 225 506, 621 203, 809 6,035 6,035 Operating expenditures Other (ex¬ cluding building mainte¬ nance) O $1, 595, 637 1, 359,033 136, 971 56, 851 42, 782 w QO CO US 5,282 100 Audio¬ visual materials - GO GO eo S- 71, 609 16, 379 25, 606 18, 224 O r- !o> Binding QO GO e* «©■ 1, 058, 543 100, 741 76, 734 37, 400 N o' 10, 247 Books and periodicals r* w o N CO o' 8, 984, 126 598, 257 672, 711 416, 108 89,201 87,357 1, 844 Salaries Student service C© o 1 ► 1 17 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 8.— Number of institutions of higher education , distributed by amount of library operating expenditures , 1946-47 Total number Amount of operating expenditures Type of institution of insti¬ tutions report¬ ing Less than $3,000 $3,000- $5, 000- $10,000- $25, 000- $50, 000- $100, 000- $300,000 $4,999 $9,999 $24,999 $49,999 $99,999 $299,999 or more 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . . . 1,279 160 190 324 351 132 52 51 19 Colleges and universities _ 665 38 58 167 199 94 40 50 19 Professional and technological P* schools _ 150 26 22 41 40 12 8 1 Teachers colleges and normal schools _ _ 173 7 10 46 86 21 3 Junior colleges _ 291 89 100 70 26 5 1 Outlying parts of the United States . 5 3 1 1 Colleges and universities . _ 4 2 1 1 Junior colleges . . 1 1 *• Table 9. — Library personnel and student library assistants of institutions of higher education , 1946-47 Number of library personnel Number of student library assistants Type of institution Total number of in reporting Total Profes¬ sional Subpro¬ fessional Clerical and others Number employed on hourly basis Total number of hours paid for from library budget Full-time Part-time Full-time | Part-time Full-time Part-time j Full-time Part-time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Continental United States 1,340 i 8, 511 2 2,106 5,254 709 987 314 2,013 949 15,290 5,190,390 Colleges and universities _ 680 16,833 2 1, 560 3,971 451 825 227 1, 780 748 11, 425 4, 197, 972 Professional and technological schools _ _ _ _ _ 175 569 221 398 97 60 32 111 92 808 205, 471 Teachers colleges and normal schools.. . . . 178 616 113 510 52 49 12 57 49 1,915 598, 014 Junior colleges . . 307 493 212 375 109 53 43 65 60 1,142 188, 933 Outlying parts of the United States _ _ 5 46 4 29 _ 5 4 12 _ 94 32,654 Colleges and universities . . 4 44 4 27 5 4 12 94 32, 654 Junior colleges 1 2 2 i Includes 257 undistributed, * Includes 134 undistributed, LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 19 Table 10. — Number of institutions of higher education , distributed by size of full-time library staff , 1946-47 Type of institution Total number _ of insti¬ tutions report- 1 2-3 ing Size of full-time library staff 4-10 11-20 21-50 51-75 76-100 101-150 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 150 or more 11 Continental United States. Colleges and universities _ Professional and technological schools _ Teachers colleges and normal schools. Junior colleges _ _ Outlying parts of the United States _ _ Colleges and universities _ Junior colleges _ 1,262 668 151 175 268 394 121 68 36 179 423 239 47 74 63 297 182 33 60 22 15 15 11 2 4 1 4 _ 7 5 7 5 4 4 5 1 2 _ 1 1 4 1 1 _ 1 1 1 _ 1 _ _ 848523—40 - 4 Table 11.— Statistics of book stock , student enrollment ( regular session ), book circulationy expenditures , and library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education , by State, 1946-47 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 Library staff c P- time CD © O CO 00O5rtit^Tt< NOSCOlOO) 0- ! 00 rH 4, 824 85, 070 266, 894 71, 018 941, 273 356, 205 32,553 518,111 146, 032 93, 623 558,086 84, 815 148, 162. 40, 403 209, 018 439, 196 76, 687 33, 543 199, 252 164, 851 65, 749 116,516 12, 510 125, 238 © ** © cc 1,680 1,844 52, 872 32, 805 2,557 17, 996 37, 156 19, 536 153, 178 91,312 8, 296 176, 216 58, 954 44, 636 147, 118 11,004 34, 340 19, 493 85, 411 193, 066 30, 982 6, 337 56, 624 105,672 46, 508 18, 338 5, 195 27, 956 15, 033 1 O CO 1 oo 1 © © ! 11, 9971 159, 584 507, 661 82, 804 2, 375, 645 487, 436 50, 072 823, 527 136, 819 228, 817 1, 001, 092 141,451 188, 935 57, 889 337, 129 626, 215 96, 575 63, 439 449, 237 319, 128 120, 702 204, 744 27, 316 202, 857 109, 827 3,000 6, 242 65, 747 34, 838 20, 202 292, 681 913, 927 193, 031 3, 725, 290 1,013, 465 98, 370 1, 644, 314 369, 291 403, 400 1,843,047 269, 077 412, 555 129, 311 681, 013 1,361,358 217, 289 112, 853 769, 901 643, 587 264, 566 369, 975 52, 733 400, 219 © eo eo w 5,154 8, 935 140, 800 75, 550 39, 805 257, 240 354, 235 103, 039 2,903,266 1,139,391 87, 388 2, 102, 584 408, 686 515, 798 1, 244, 527 123, 944 210, 781 93, 776 746, 353 1, 793, 516 147,115 43, 353 407, 215 513, 768 413, 084 512, 190 55, 597 238, 821 99 © © • » PhWcocqH MS c G “ « 8* g N.J •« 3 gt! " 3 ^otHP4 E*S *5 ja g 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 k » •2,1 §> & £ ■»» 3 0 k a si a eo « s e s o e O* 2 k* 11 a *> ft *» a .So 2 £ U £ *2 I .2 | » k $:2 «5 —» 2^ t® a 2 | 53 55 a*avi a ®2; III all &■ o* a > w ^ h' a ^ S •“ o » ^ «# a*3 ■«-2 g 5 S s k-, k j. O'.B 0 w fecti « Jj § .2>b"§ B g2 Hz J;l§ SJ wh -0 t2 £ w Hi PS d a P S «&a« O — o — S 2 m2 m.S • 3 So fl‘SOcS“fl or^a s 111- 5>a- 2 b .s s= PT ^<(ON *TS 03 CO T— I H t>. T-< CO 50 tO %£ cm oo O 00 lO O C5CSN O 05 t C CM 2 T 03 <2 c3 a3.S m a d a > o S-SS* ogsgs^gsg^is eh^ ©ft^ -s^*13 "■a O 03 sb; d ® CO ► j* ® g 3.3 « H O 00 y—< 05 05 CO WO O 05 O CO H-t 888 S PSS ;g s 88 eo* t>r CO lO CO o CO O » co ^ 05 o o i-h c Tf« CO O CO 00 T Tt^ 1C O CCt^H ^10*0 °gfl®og pSoog'dCS ^ 3 c3t-j CO rH t-H lOHN to to H H O CO 00 CM r- u- to CM O CO 04 CO CM £8 §g 05 CO 00 i> cm CM CM 05 TF co < o ) rH O < 05 to CM CO CO wo c3 0 0), CD U1 1 ° i§®& >» i'o'o'w !°og k*> q) .*1 co a a a aF 2 & ’a < p P pGGGG P sgaa <2 o3 agog o|j| £Sl« :s o wo 00 to S CO CO o 05 Is- to CM S8 CO CM 2 d > o a Vi x) P OP o o t>^>> £2 qj > d d pp LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 88 38 io co *o «-h cp ^ oo c* »o !8 :S N‘8 co ®> cTid' I gi of CO s" 81811 C^ NWO> CO ^ N cdoo s s FH CO 88 S- 40 *-TcO 88 0 CO ^ s. CO N s 88 >C O 1 88 40 ^ gs Si 40 cdoT ■^sT I CO 2 r ► H 03 g |W S 11 w o oS U o’g w a ©p > „ H,a PS a-g > cs §s •Hg « o Oo of._T II o o p>>s*> c a PP JS co 2 ^ O £■» © 'll > M P^S 5-2 g 2 o^® J Oji'2 73 a)^ a -JO P : >> i i be i ' ,2 ' '■ o ! :.§ : §> S ; o w 8P ■ ^ SO£ o .. - 60 « > 55 o Uo ;g B ■ fi \§m ®s3 ie^oB > +-> . goo *T6§*** *'e'e - > > .3® 0« «p && Eg sl fl 3 Pp J I Cf ^'S^o: ®^o|*Sc'3 fln pispp tX I o 2 :£> 6 :’e ® ® , > « '.'3 m SP «S" £<< CO ® M U 19 U tfl C 60fl ® :sJ. m § 2 A ® « ’o '® 3 U“M OJ lit <2^E S’g £ n 3-- as o a W P "Sia £ h 5 O pp M 3 > g'3 Wp O O >. >. EE 0 © > > '3 '3 PP 23 See footnotes at end of table. Table 12. — Statistics of book stock , student enrollment ( regular session ), book circulation , number of hours open per week for circulation ( regular session ), expenditures , ami library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 1,000 students or more, by institution, 1946-47— Continued A. LIBRARIES SERVING 5,000 STUDENTS OR MORE— Continued 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 N (V+3 3 S S c3 bo2 bfi.9 i § 5^3 0'3Pce®fl or^s g •2 2 © W ^ t> S ^ 3 g.s pp o’S.S'i <§ss-§ S fl > CP CO »oo> rHlO § s !3 8 100* gf 2 O » eo »*-T 1 rH N CO CO(NH (N*CN ► CO CO JO PiO OOt-H SS?8fg ■*<© iO O 1-1 O CO CP CO ^ 00 00 Tt< CO 1-H t-h CO O ©,Q P5 IM O Tt< (M J-I ioo-co oo i-i m (M 5 s s§ of oo' oo oo o oo oo «o cc ■**3 &4 < p 03 2 Ha a| •s a £H. 1 a ® © bJO 05 H HflO I “m® ” w°3 9 tflli oo CO g 'O Hi Si g-stljQ S gSii ptjaO 8 9jg PPH^ w P hSH’S „ s 1 o n a .a H -tP S22© S2 sill | LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 25 co . o> •<* o 8 :S 8 £ 3 ci- jgf eo » O 3 3,652 till l ' 5,524 9, 092 8,543 680 24, 846 3, 189 34, 479 1, 393 7 23, 026 © © 39, 383 1,751 5, 156 3, 850 1, 294 19,647 1 o 05 CO • i»Dt) 3 B S 311 t o o I O 05 • 05 O I CM~© ©CM O CO N N 00 CO CO t'- CO © 00 CO 05 00 ^ © CM t'- & 3 o 8 ■a mj It M © o^1 |1 fcgi © 3 . t> ; * I V :fc 1 \4 ; 3 I « s J m i5£ to ail*! O 5> P * ^ O fe£ So c ora > fl ,® p> >■».« O^nS-St.OuiC opm ^ g t- a > s_, ?• t- ’p O K *■2 §3 g CD O n* ft £22* £>> -o ’5s -rt P •S > «pQ °‘S tZl a o §S2 £2«s;-p nn do 3 S • 3 55 £o2gq£> 9 ■ a 03 . 03 1.CJ ® iQ 5 \ OS 3 ;5 .g ,o M,d <3 r- © fl >rd |w3W oo P CM CM © © 00 Tf 05 05 CO Tf O rH Of CO CO ^ © © CM rH C0 05MIOH O ^ -H 05 CO 00 rH 005 00 »CiCN 442 582 1,776 1, 941 © © 00 1^. c• © 00 CM 8 © coco o rH CM -H 3 1 iO cf © cm" © CO © CO CM CO co" cf t-f CO 1-H CM co rtf t}T id > •Jo • © - :.g >» SO- ,MOg-S Jj £•£.§ P'S ® 4> © = 5£ ► - d O Q S^s-w p ® ® > >*« a Sfl.2.2^; « S S ®jaa3 ®J9 See footnotes at end of table. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 L. 3 o 2 a* a R. t* « .5 « eHV 1«J ■pi a «§ :n 2 2 0 « « •« all «c Oi « * a. 2 •gs-s S-f-o' .*•2 g § 8 o 5 S 2 •■S i. (* ^-S 0 «8 3 « .« ^ g 2 .2v-J 8 82 «•!« i-5! *£ 3^, Ji-S'o' -C sS IS O 3 ow ® 3 MO ® be *se oo So $b Si> 03) •C.S .S-Ph " >» - tn j^S •a S P 03 n-: >» > ® P *j 03 3! Q. © 3 ® g © 3 >2 > go §3 as £ fnt> £ Library staff Part- time CD : §3$ ^ : 50 t i i i « i i i i Full¬ time «*• 3 $3 £3 i 8 Cap¬ ital out¬ lay «© 1 1 ^ (MO CO 1 i iH o o* O O* i 1 1 »oo h 1 « i-H coco th io • Operating expenditures Other (exclud¬ ing build¬ ing main¬ te¬ nance) 1 to 5, 417 6, 145 7,860 7,806 8,377 5, 501 5,326 3, 473 Audio¬ visual mate¬ rials s i l lO i i i i i-H ( ( l CO iiii M i i i O* (ill i Bind¬ ing n 5,430 6,036 5,800 3,104 18,064 5, 764 Books and period¬ icals s 63,000 19,553 33, 370 42,010 38, 279 76,891 89, 880 51, 152 44, 715 Salaries Stu¬ dent serv¬ ice = 20,000 26,597 31,086 8,841 22,883 10,000 17,018 3, 592 Li¬ brary staff o 40,679 67,661 96, 198 92,840 77, 820 203,812 74, 762 86, 399 52, 974 Total a* 123.679 124, 658 142,684 179, 596 135, 850 330, 027 180, 143 165.680 104, 754 Total hours open per week for circu¬ lation (reg¬ ular ses¬ sion) ao CS Doi* OOCO Oh in CO 00 00® OOt'. 00t> 00 OO Circulation Reserved books r» 87,905 121, 710 259, 749 162, 487 102,300 246,018 81,055 151,639 81, 932 Home use - 83,491 66,354 272,646 90,541 63, 615 167, 570 124,600 101,777 62, 275 Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) i Grad¬ uate HZ 952 272 322 695 1,023 3,085 1,396 612 301 Under¬ grad¬ uate ** 8,894 6,856 5, 661 ' 8,240 5,407 14,280 11,260 7, 793 8,350 Book stock Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes at end of year M 279,335 221,808 391,884 280, 237 222,766 1,132,465 482,000 275,381 130,651 Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year r* 12,482 9,627 10, 772 13,493 14, 610 29,365 25,000 13, 928 10,066 3 S g £ §| ■§B i” fcL •d © fi 2W- Sg §£ be 9 ◄ LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 27 See footnotes at end of table. Table 12. — Statistics of book stock , student enrollment ( regular session ), book circulation , number of hours open per week for circulation ( regular session ), expenditures , and library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 1,000 students or more , by institution, 1946-47—- Continued B. LIBRARIES SERVING 2,000 TO 4,999 STUDENTS— Continued 28 Library staff W i— < M NNIAL SURVI ■£ ® 03 0 Pm 5 :y c ao )F EDUCATION, 1946-48 i-H 1 • *0 i—l 1 i 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 ■ 1 1 Full¬ time O CO t-h CD Circulation Reserved books 41, 671 8, 867 27, 048 113, 016 29, 646 31, 279 Home use CO 69, 221 41, 049 11, 513 34, 576 70, 016 6,425 29, 327 Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) 1 Grad¬ uate 85 61 74 110 Under¬ grad¬ uate 3, 077 3, 594 2, 421 2,602 3, 457 3, 875 4 221 3,451 Book stock Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes at end of year e* 69, 051 38, 967 63, 392 46, 900 121, 963 112, 071 20, 250 118, 243 Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year N 2,731 1, 873 4, 853 2,549 3, 912 4, 815 3, 474 5, 447 Name of institution and location - California — C ontinued Fresno State College, Fresno... _ Long Beach City College, Long Beach. San Francisco State College, San Francisco. . . ... . _ _ University of San Francisco, San Francisco _ _ Colorado Colorado Agricultural and Mechanical College, Fort Collins.. . . . Florida Florida State University, Tallahassee. Georgia University System of Georgia Cen¬ ter. Atlanta . Idaho University of Idaho, Moscow _ LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 29 '(NOi O CM 1 1 1 3, 769 1,423 450 4,349 1,830 tO O 05 CM rt« r}< CO t> CO 1, 055 4,174 3,991 1,000 3, 254 1,416 1, 560 835 1, 172 1,498 4, 635 585 400 2, 652 252 1,202 200 468 200 1,211 3, 377 1,614 2, 500 1,269 1, 598 5, 183 1,065 1,473 1,951 2,755 1,423 2,000 7,055 10, 362 2,006 5, 942 18, 400 12, 787 23, 525 10, 175 12, 200 6, 076 »* 8, 331 39, 788 11, 518 9, 355 7,205 27, 072 14, 182 8,000 3, 223 rf OS CO r>- to os tO Tf CO th\-T t>T 9, 819 14, 798 5,200 2, 273 10, 800 7, 212 4, 149 3,744 6,486 3,555 10,342 26, 030 1,888 16, 766 36, 664 22, 198 22, 801 36, 913 22, 980 17, 614 1 25, 922 41, 072 21, 299 13, 755 18, 480 33,215 16, 825 29, 864 23, 652 36, 592 5, 793 25,381 65, 206 37, 251 63, 696 70, 143 43,880 30, 486 37, 267 96, 843 42, 654 29, 567 32, 552 71, 026 40, 872 40, 449 i-H O CO O 00 CM 00 ^ OCOO tOi-t i-H CM OS 00 0 co 00 ncoo t>* co r^. aotcoo 00 co as co to O 1 OS CM CO rH • t''- O Tt« OS • CO ^ 0 tcT 1 r-T oT CM | i-H to 28, 301 72, 685 65, 194 16, 902 110, 814 15, 574 51, 666 129, 499 23, 078 17, 572 28, 961 41, 583 20, 780 46, 837 9, 716 21, 335 84, 419 18, 082 86, 584 71, 877 24, 181 26, 076 50, 459 57, 016 58, 066 37,321 39,303 38, 578 31, 153 37, 450 CM • to 1 00 CM *00 1 CO 1 1 • O 00 ^ to OO CM CO • 1 CO CO 1 »a 00 CM CO CM OS 11 rH CO CM CM II rH ■«< tO O N CO CO to 0 8 CO CM 8 8 to OS t— tO rH 00 a lao-f o? t£© In >> os a a1 o.2 > 2 ‘3 □ Ot> Sis ^od02 H Sj0— < m ^ > >,X3 ioo*> d.5o3S2 ® S> a S S.2 s 922S8§o ssnsa^s? «o uo o i oO 2 Oj* S'S §> 2 '3 l UU O 20»r] S C3 03 a|OH X3 O So-ss-s © » > © *rJ 5 b"5 3 o ® o 15 «M 3 „ ^ _ ^ O o a&s| £.250 0x3^ “ s^g| © >> £ o3 •C +5 © r© § £>& © ® a ® flit" = «2'-- - tagrtflaSa " A pn .2 =3 > 03 2 3 ®'2W’SQ m«Q>S & TO a «2 r I ® See footnotes at end of table. Table 12. — Statistics of book stock , student enrollment ( regular session ), book circulation , number of hours open per week for circulation ( regular session ), expenditures , and library staff of libraiies of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 1,000 students or more, by institution, 1946-47— -Continued B. LIBRARIES SERVING 2,000 TO 4,999 STUDENTS— Continued 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 if NS O— o'-* m2 mS . ”8 5«.g s.9 * ® g os a § .2 *3 © m 'O S M'S <1 > .3 a m > Tf < I 00 < o w eg-ci o3 a).; a >ooo< > lO O c > CO CO < s 8 g O CO s s al- CO 00 ^ CO rH iO iHOf CO CO CO r-T - ©to to NH n rH OT tO > CO 13 S II I II T3 © CO >44 CO »C 00 I 05 00 tH > t>- oo 'ti ' § 2 Is s s S c 005 lO rH 00 00 W cS loo MN CO oo£h s“ III tO rH CO 88S3 00 © 00 © co rH to 00 00 l> 00 CM o oo 88 a° l| o 3 o ° Oh CO.tn §2 8 “.6 ■a ®*g s P *4 Cr> o.-d’S > gofg taP City . I 9,4741 176,9031 3, 1731 LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHE C» i to 1 WU3H CS 1 • 1 (N R ED CO J UCATION • »o * l I i i ( i i i (M 40 Ol *0 tF © 40 00 CO CO 05 tF Ol *- rH 2,200 316 i i I 1 i i 1 1 j 1,241 449 8, 425 1,830 103 16, 659 5, 421 547 1,391 1, 573 707 2,239 i i i i i i 350 12, 299 2, 552 1 1 II III 1 1 1 t «— 4 l 1 1 II III 1 ill i l 1 II ill l ill i i l li ill i iii i I lo j j j 4,060 1, 050 14, 611 2,924 180 25, 035 1,200 4, 312 500 3, 214 583 1, 000, 567 600 724 10, 652 350 1,883 14, 927 6,068 58, 771 11, 631 2, 836 84, 064 15, 650 36, 715 » 9, 272 4, 784 2, 542 6,600 8, 907 2,470 8, 581 6,232 55, 113 5, 427 18144,465 I* 16, 197 8,341 3, 960 9,381 6,328 7, 228 675 10, 000 2,504 264 7,356 1,633 717 3,000 997 21, 774 4,070 24, 139 8,892 115, 554 31,112 6, 468 154, 509 12, 325 39, 967 13, 208 8,533 4, 917 40, 883 16, 417 3,117 11,314 31,378 7,618 153, 665 27,549 ! 52, 708 } 20, 419 1 206, 742 J 53, 825 ) 9, 587 l 287, 495 > 29, 850 5 96, 415 [ 26, 031 ) 17, 922 l 9, 879 > 57, 546 j 29, 763 7 6,304 l 23, 495 L 38, 339 7 65, 765 l 14, 742 ) 332, 203 J 52, 251 CO CO 00 00 ©rFOl CO 40 I*** t HN © 00 CO CO 00 00 NOO t>» CO CO CO *o COCOt^ COOO 00 oi o • TF 40 I t^C5 I 83 3 4qn a> »o 05 s CO 8 o OOOIO O CO CO *-H o O o N CO ‘O Cl NNOOO CO C5 © rH i Q rH 05 ogw 00 ^ o CO CO CO CO lO ■'f CO 00 of »o iO oo of CO 00 00 HH *C Ol 8*1 tC rF 176 CO 1 143 o o • oo co i rH tF j 175 ■ Ol 1 Ol 1 00 • CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : is; ! ! ^ l l l l i i 8S8 CO oo 00 £ Ol 0* lO Ol CO N N © t» o fHCOOlCO 8233 o 05 cp §ss S8 s rF 00 00 N CO CO tF o Ol CO TF CO csf of CO of CO CO CO of of tF~ of rf CO of of CO of CO of oi rF Ol 8 iO o 111 05 iO o3 oi cS © £2 lO pH O Ol IQ O O 00 80 rF rF rF o rF CO 00 CO CS S co CO rF CO rff i cT 00 of s r*r TF o' CD o' Ol CO CO o §f of of o co rF r* rH c o * of 00 00 Vs HCIO of 00 g" £ s '•F CO 8 627 040 lO © CO ££88 OUOXH CO CO 844 ONOI O 80 o 80 H o 8 : 00 • I eo of oi CO 8 ; Ofi-H CO of CO CO 80" ic &3 O C3 9 S 1° > to o a §1 Wfi © K. tx £ © © 0*8 3* g~ 111 03 a-P ot> ® a m fcJs t|2 Ifcl *=s O 9 «9 m 3 td •*3 ©" « « cl ^.S ° ©‘C "m 5 ;• floTtmo • i o«||| : © ® -3 ' BO M - © tv ' © © , 0,55" 3 to o 37.3 m«toP © 3 5 ® Or“ TJ © © 3 ©t3 HOPnC?# •S J V ® ■ss KJ a ° s >* Jlfepl tf 5 P£> O o : > ! l-gag'i •gg^! ©OQ °C .. ^ • 1 CO II I 1 ' CO 1 1 1 ICO i 04 II II 1 I 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II Bind¬ ing co 300 1, 521 3,660 1,404 5, 600 1,087 2,478 832 2,487 139 2, 771 Books and period¬ icals « 9,439 8,080 17, 772 5,600 12, 464 io 21, 250 is 23, 044 11, 342 11, 216 11,010 8,226 10, 299 15, 650 Salaries Stu¬ dent serv¬ ice - 739 2,780 9, 066 231 4, 000 7, 422 11, 755 5, 098 3, 600 4, 815 5, 505 Li¬ brary staff 13, 143 11, 887 22, 200 3, 300 8, 129 19, 100 69, 994 12, 103 21, 522 19, 775 8, 450 15, 406 Total «5 ^ 05 OOOOOCOIOOONN O - 05 00 CO co 00 00 00 CO t'- CO COt» Circulation Reserved books 1,149 21, 702 71, 499 3, 850 129, 673 31,973 76, 414 56, 246 39, 659 25, 948 4, 342 44, 706 Home use CD 8,232 23, 757 74,089 9, 651 15, 980 119, 429 107, 335 31, 612 18, 600 55, 189 14, 692 16, 932 24,442 M$a| Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) * Grad¬ uate ID 1 CO 00 1 *0 05 CO h 04 CO 1 1 *0 1 04 ' CO CO 04 *0 CO 1 1 05 l 1 04 i i > i ii i i it Under¬ grad¬ uate i-H CO HiOOXCO^Orfi05 OO CO to (NNIO(NCOOOOCOIO CO ^ C4 ^ 05 05 04 *0 O H rH 04 *0 0 05 co 04~ co' 04* oT of 04" co" ^ ^ oToT Book stock Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes at end of year ©O 60, 659 130, 453 85,347 22, 150 42, 104 200, 032 464, 459 180, 102 76, 152 131,219 40, 745 24, 791 91,064 Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year o* CO 04 C0 0*0^*0000404*0 04 rH Hi 04 COONWC5 04 00 0^od»oco *0'-^' t^ccT 3 3 o E C3 © 4-3 O oj o c3 O >> PO.-S & > fs & P a® io-d o ^ . pi S' >>o © g -go © > -to® I? © "E 9 'd w> ■53 t> >o5 S d a 2 -a £ -P ^ o ’s II! a iEs ££§ Oho :§oopp>h ■H go.§ § 03 M -2 S g « o.> 44-0 fl O p LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 33 18,442 2,275 7,873 111,706 10, 919 17, 857 42,624 187, 265 68, 522 63, 588 1, 408 8, 665 9,727 10,300 63,234 71, 658 29, 033 47, 518 24, 901 37, 079 78, 468 13, 171 29, 450 36, 463 222, 056 11,838 O of 18, 404 132, 370 45, 582 49, 422 1 41,503 r- co co io co © o ^ e* hh co © o CO Tfl 5 548 662 37 00 OO CO i 192 129 54 96 164l ■5 ?PQ 2 3 £.2 a £ 0 3,3 m3f3 > 5HMfl a -3 -O ^ co _ S§ls3g.-2f §3^ £o< 3"g pqQ Q >?.9 •a« h)o aO to *3 >> ■g S i »3 S _© tj3 3 > oJ ja -a 2£ bCQ 3 oS« fe:*-3 So 30 3 3.2 So tuoOi-H 1 1 1 1 « 1 Full¬ time 8 60 15 3 8 9 6 32 11 31 Cap¬ ital out¬ lay O 234 1,071 308 Operating expenditures Other (exclud¬ ing build¬ ing main¬ te¬ nance) ift 1,030 18, 296 1, 997 795 4, 163 597 11,310 801 3, 254 Audio¬ visual mate¬ rials iii i i i O i • i III 1 1 1 o » » 1 III 1 1 ■ IQ i . i ill i i i iii ill i i . ii iii i i l iii Bind¬ ing e* 228 10, 492 2, 350 2, 872 3,549 636 4, 333 4, 390 646 Books and period¬ icals N 7, 114 47,355 9,710 10 5, 386 6,831 10, 655 6,277 28, 805 16, 593 46,693 Salaries Stu¬ dent serv¬ ice *4 1,420 21,436 60 4,626 3, 514 5,195 5, 446 4,500 3,044 6,315 Li¬ brary staff © 13, 850 126,015 34, 923 6, 635 13, 940 27,316 14,414 52, 533 32, 087 53, 312 Total © 23,642 223, 594 49,040 16,647 27, 952 50, 878 27, 870 101, 481 56, 915 110,220 Total hours open Per week for circu¬ lation (reg¬ ular ses¬ sion) oo 65 92 78 74 72 79 84 73 06 84 Circulation Reserved books 10,080 85, 276 10, 084 23,603 24,262 55, 597 25, 692 14, 468 16, 989 77,353 Home use © 34, 012 62, 836 31, 756 11, 246 50, 087 73, 797 16, 383 39, 738 19, 201 78, 924 Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) i Grad¬ uate US 36 292 311 14 137 139 1,785 1, 597 521 Under¬ grad¬ uate 3,020 4, 051 4, 660 2, 659 3, 196 2,823 2,193 2, 430 2, 679 4,202 Book stock Num- Der of vol¬ umes at end of year eo 115,000 484, 826 118, 853 34,291 59, 481 133, 224 88,308 329,092 389, 208 237, 252 Num- Der of vol¬ umes added during year N 3,220 23, 135 2, 912 I, 557 2,461 5,402 2, 343 6, 318 4,934 II, 366 r » g 1 o 03 PI O g CO fl O ® i 3 Virginia University of Richmond, Richmond- . University of Virginia, Charlottes¬ ville _ _ Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacks¬ burg — Washington 1 Seattle College, Seattle . . West Virginia Marshall College, Huntington _ Wyoming University of Wyoming, Laramie _ District of Columbia American University, Washington _ Catholic University of America, Washington _ _ _ Georgetown University, Washington.. Howard University, Washington _ !. LIBRARIES SERVING 1,000 TO 1,999 STUDENTS LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 35 C* rH rH 1 Cl I rH 0 » Tt N CO 00 rH il :0-00 of 111 i 1 §§ 1 582 450 007 369 157 335 350 489 745 228 il i 1 1 1 1 t 711 10, 461 378 15, 785 i 1,200 300 500 202 1, 222 296 280 277 526 i 1 CM ^ O 00 -0 oo Tfioc ^ i 4Q 00 © *0 IQ t CO 252 1 i 1 1 l 1 1 i : : ; :8 i i i i i CM i i i i i i III! 1 • i i i ■ i 651 1 718 So CO t'- 275 1, 394 110 676 662 1,000 1, 215 340 356 436 1,424 504 148 539 1,447 374 150 122 9, 610 5,500 6,545 3,006 4,873 3, 861 3,948 1,837 6,525 9,224 8.197 3,882 2,834 6,104 3,483 6,445 3.197 6,052 7,721 5,566 750 4,203 3, 600 1,280 2,164 4,742 1, 622 1, 723 1, 102 2,298 4, 418 4, 535 460 3, 060 2,504 2,127 52 6,895 5,322 1,987 i * ! ^ CO O HN* 11,580. 9, 000 19, 416 6,713 7,977 7,680 16, 707 16, 805 12, 899 5,571 2,400 7, 120 3, 440 7,600 4,200 199 'fZ 10, 687 8 oT 2, 000 38 8 OO 40 40 r— 4 00 iQ S N- 3 o (N ^ rH S8S S O CM 40 88 Orrci HCOO 40 CM CO OOON CD CO CD CO CD O 40 CD O 00 CM 00 8 O o 8 8 O oo y_^ r-T TjT r-T— . hV oVn hV^00 o CM 40 5 s 40 Tf Is oT co tCco CM CM cm' CO 89 o • • CO • 1 8 § 35 46 i l i 00 CM O CO H CO ’ J8; CO O 1 © 32§ r-H g CM 05 O ~*o'r-T CM »-» HHIN “ Sp ,2 41 h ^3 o O £ i-g ! ® , bX) la ; b ] o ;o j j | | a t: ! 52 ! « :u 3^ 1 o ! o o , o iS .3 :o :o : : 1 S o ' M 1 ' i i.i H is !‘l j « g ;•§ s :s 8° r:^1 o a P >>3 P5 0 S5-- ! a ® «8.S ^8 1st :e* gO“ ii _ o’S '.S3 .a fco •§fl§Slfla ^ 53.9 O O dS § SA sS § “ouj;- HnSoSSgSsSgj ‘E C3 W3> in 9 ' O Pi ;xS i O c3 O' ~ * r-1 O C> Q? O W .oo tL O O ,25 o O? cn °.aa nl^tfl 3 ® . 6 03 Z3 S-sSb^g, S o 2 s «j,p 03 P.03.O *>3 M M £ > Js) fl 2 20 « Ojfc tUO.S _ ill i«l m w College, Richmond . . . . 1 1,920' 75,661 See footnotes at end of table. Table 12. — Statistics of book stock , student enrollment (regular session ), book circulation , number of hours open per week for circulation (regular session ), expenditures , and library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 13000 students or more , by institution , 1946-47 — Continued C. LIBRARIES SERVING 1,000 TO 1,999 STUDENTS— Continued 38 BIENNIAL SUBVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 as cj a Ph +3 A 03 3S CO *Q L- 50 Tft O'-1 5- • t ® s mS wj.S So g-g a os os ^ a ® A ^ o3 a .2 03 03 CO ■§11? > a ^ *2 M .3 o PQ"" fits? PQ ”$r ■p © ^.2 «i-or M ^ l> o CO CO o o o CM O O !>• CO }>- o CO CO r-T r-TcO o co co o u- o a> co oo co oo aT 05 tjh cm t-T rjToo CO Tt< 1-H 1 8 o || ©H s ? » »0 OC CM §1 8 88 id O 05 !>• coo" ^o" CO' CM* HN 'O C3 'd a BS 02 H T3 03 O 3 3 s s s t— i 3 b°°> a a COH O 05 oo id 2 3S cm" co" CO cm" o W 5 § m 2 .O 3 ! O ,,2$ _ o S 03 ,18 1?° „ 03 .MB >» 5 S £ M t> lip- la!, O PJ 03 O o a as '43 c3 ■3« B gT £ 5 3 £p © o t* la cT bjO'-j is co U co to 03W ^3 >> IS 21, 6471 21, 1351 LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 39 I i-H i~l MM CO • CM <© tN.QO©. t^cot^ - © 28, 475 53, 613 34, 548 4,073 3,274 4, 146 4,200 24, 814 746 *» 59, 899 [28,080 11,824 £27, 771 11, 292 45, 594 40, 685 57, 352 36, 907 3, 583 45, 969 4, 158 23, 652 46, 914 23, 006 27, 945 26, 759 54, 694 38,353 17, 923 1,046 38, 127 9,564 10, 363 4, 654 6,717 24, 561 10,859 9, 347 10, 187 12, 054 25, 718 25, 788 48,893 17,344 26, 732 15,144 11,090 22, 316 13, 514 32, 818 3883^ CO CM IQ 3 1 © 1 III 1 CO 1 III • 1 III III 1 III 1 III I III 1 III 1 5 26 GO © © tJ< O CM S3 ^ 1-H © © © 05 © M o MO © C0N»OTfG0 05 00 05* go" ©~ t-T i-H O 05 O C 05 o 05 CM < 05fH 00 oo o^o2‘a°.2 0“2^fe3 fl °'3 o ® 2 £ a ® g.i lIHllsl SooifiSS' :o 2 -t-5 2.S O a ;2H IO S ;3 w _. o E O w •H o S2 OQOQ 1 ® :§?| Sts! :£ 'Pm ;o B '* gan !•( o \usaa :£ O 1.22 co CO © rr-J u, CO CO bJ ggilfljJ 5 a as a? a 2 o ® ® Jjsa So> > 5 .a ■a*M Q (0 Si H O) © ° o tf ° .9 oO See footnotes at end of table. Table 12. — Statistics of book stock, student enrollment ( regular session), book circulation, number of hours open per week for circulation (regular session), expenditures, and library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 1,000 students or more, by institution, 1946-47 — Continued 0. LIBRARIES SERVING 1,000 TO 1,999 STUDENTS— Continued 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 3” Si fV+3 ptiS 04 CO 00 ' | s : i i i to • Tin O i to ! 00 i ! I ! of §*£ § O- 5- ® p cuo2 to g , 3 S'o b-2 a’ce ® a og'rt^rtS S .9 a pq CO o 00 05 00 to i a > 39- oo oo CO 05 to o O 00 CO o' oo CO o 00 to CO CO to rH 05 Eh -a 3 ,£2 w 3 S 9 ° o 3 ws O o oT 'o a sS’ a ® 3 § 02 ® T3 ® S3 O s a g S Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes at end of year eo Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year N lO C4 CON 02 •a 1 U 5|*g ■SSI'S ® ® £ a 3§sH C0 02 I! ! £ i ta £2 j O ® i So ^ :S -> CsJ 0XJ h 3 rrJ oco»o rH o o h ICIOMHINCO Sr-* co oi oo co io oo^ojo^ Ol 05 lO lO (N O C »0 CO rH O Ol ^ Tj< Ol IO CO HiON ICOIO OWH IHW t>» CO 05 IH05 Cl O Ol O 00 Ol CiOiOOrf 05 iO H H Tf CO o 8 O HOOHIOON 00 Tt^ rH Ol O 00 ‘OCONCOO^1 8 85 rH io rH IO IO IO OOOHIOOCOIOO 050»0t^00i0c0c005 00 »OHI0 05N^COO O IO 05 oogo ofofofo^of »d id idf-fco"oft>ftd td coco cdoo tCrjTidtdid ededof 10^%* s S 2S • ooco O 1 1 CO ^ 00 • 1 Tf CO ^ 05 1 ^ o OOO • s ° 88 : 1 o »o . o ^ 1 o ‘O s rH U- 5^ O 1 OOON^OOCOb* 1 Ol 1 lOOrH'OlOOOrHlO 1 05 1 OONCOOON^OO 1 • co" cd rn" ! hn" 1 ! co"cd cdof td ! rf cd rf of HH ! 05 CO o Ol rH CO of of of O Ol 05 o o o ONOOOl^ r-t CO O CO H CO cfooof»o\H 00 05 o co O Ol t-« o o r>- o • Ol © rt< 00 © 00 cd cf of of o' Jg > Ol HO>OW00^010 . rH lOONrfOOOONn ICO CO^OOIOHO^ (NO " cf Nof of cf r-T of rH* H td > oo © 183 ) o: O oo CO H !8£c Ol 10000505001 co ^oinooo t'- 'tCDO’tOOl oo" td of tsf of TfT td* rH HNNHOO) 00 ©OCO^HOO^O CO »0 OOH^COCOOCDO Ol Ol CONCOOdNNNH i-TcT co odofcdrdco"cd cfcd »0 Ol ^ sssi I'd of co" 00 00 CO oo *o iO ’t'f hOCO( 00 t'- 00 »0 05 l oi hco rH io co »o oi Tt» *o oo © *>• noco t>« COO C5t>- C£UONCOOO»QCOh^ *0 CO CO 1 1 O CO 1 1 1 O CO 1 1 1 CO rH l Ol CO co oo O 05 io O »0 05 OHM 1 00 Ol 1 IO T* ICO IO CO tH o rH rf 00 o CO CO CO Ol CO ! ! oo oo o ! ! 1 1 05 rH oi 1 1 1 1 co" 1 1 1 Cl 1 cd CO cd o" of of oo *o isft? id 88 ldr-T 1 IcfcdrH ! ! 1 1 CO rH Ol ' ' as ouf 005 Ol OOHT^ Ol CO T* asss 00 CO c N 01 - 05 Ol C iO 05 CO Ol O Ol SO 05 o O CO 05 05 oi oi IHCOdH^ T* o Ol CO rH r}i 8 MH 88 oof CO Ol I 00 c_ _ _ . ) Ol CO Ol cot f§f 322 1 CO 1 1 Ol 1 1 1 IO t^ i 1 rH i § w j ; i 1 1 DOOlO ICO - 1 O l 1 OOHH l rH I 1 IO IO 1 1 Ol 1 1 • | CO II rH Ol I II 5 CO O 05 O C OOIC 1 CO t^ 05 CO ' I^OOCOO > CO CO t"» 00 TT* loioo^co co »o CO § 23 05 U- ^00005c00^00»0 CO IO H-fCC00 000^^05 © lO IO 00 Ol rH rH oi 00 Ol O- 05 CO 05 rH » r< CO O n Ol ( NhhNOK ofco"cd ofofc rn IO Ol Ol COOlHH^CO IOOONHHOO cf oo" o of *-T ocT 05 00 co Ol CO HTfOCO^W^OOO iCTfiOMOCNOO OrHOlCOlOOlt^OlCO rHOO WN»CC0 05T}tlOI 'tdo CO *0 Tt< co"of»d 'lOCO' t>fcdi 885 io I Ol CO CO 05 Tf rH 05 i Ol CO ^ CO Tf Ol CO 05 I CO CO co H H oi 05 Ol CO Ol Ol Ol CO > Ol 00 • 05 "of of £ i ; § i •9 : 3 © "o 4 *3x3 w Eh ;== I - £ O ^ C3 £ S) :«£tn w © ,®i-h ^ ‘ferfaz® •|.2a ft© g«Ppo=° ’SoS g-OT © 1 «An'3§og^] o oow^s: B co ' a O c3 §£«§ w £ .3 l§*p g,§«£jS Sm * < m £ i 1 i • Springs. Berea, ogy, Cl 1 . “5 © •O' < ! ©I CO .4d £ Sod al® «o# iSoa flj'S'o Sf3© ' i 03 ® "Sj fl Q 'C o •<) C5 >-I 3 »,S4-S ^ «>>* “5 g 2 X CO i wj ;.9fe£*lQ& i O +* ^ © - <« isgiis pt3 d © ©45 D CD l>- 05 d 00 03 *D t'- © i IQ CD tO hNW*ODCOh 01*0 00 i d l l Books and period¬ icals w 00 CO d OOOOOONCOOhOh CO coo *Od o onnnohhw®no OS *o OS f— 1 CO COOOOOOOt>»COI>*r-H*OOSCO CO d COTjT CD 00“ io" of H N N N >«' os' CO '^'od' Salaries Stu¬ dent serv¬ ice s 1,820 1,476 2, 890 4,095 1,646 1,156 1,106 408 1, 428 2, 241 2,441 291 1, 468 720 Li¬ brary staff s GOO OS ^00500(0000 CO GO i CO OO (MO r-H CO O O CO o CO O CM COO 1 os OO ThO rH ^COOCOO^OHlOai 1 CM CM rH OO O 1-T 1 OS get Total as 1 H 00 rH COOIG)N(NNIOCDCCCOCD rf t^O ^ U- O »C OS (M rH CM CO OS CM t>. CM COO CM O H OS SO rH t>. tH coco' CsT ^CO cTocTorO tCrfTcM'cO SO COr-T HH CM CMr-lrH H CO rH CM rH rH rH Total hours open per week for circu¬ lation (reg¬ ular ses¬ sion) GO 40^ 00 COOJt^t^COrtHGOcO^t^O Ttto CO CO 00 O IO 00 so CO CO 00 CO 00 t>- Tti Circulation Reserved books 3, 750 7,557 9,976 15, 978 662 2, 187 6, 712 12, 437 2, 354 19, 972 101, 473 7,395 3,422 35, 169 1,440 Home use CD 7,486 14, 995 20,221 18, 796 4, 505 12, 821 8,540 11, 859 5,720 29, 936 44, 265 25,341 12,014 8,547 19, 759 8, 251 Student enroll¬ ment (regular session) i Grad¬ uate so 11 10 2 i i 1 O 1 • • 1 rH 1 CO os 1 iiirHiiii I CO rHi Under¬ grad¬ uate hH 1, 646 1, 100 1,054 1, 275 1, 260 1,454 1,364 1, 447 1, 207 1,195 1,449 1,612 1, 021 1,908 1,018 1, 315 1, 815 Book stock Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes at end of year eo O os os OOt^COt^CONCOCOCCI o t>- o O so O *C CO OS GO rH os CM CM rH O CM OS CM OCMiOCMOOJOHNNCO »0 rH 00 nn'cM*' tj? co CM^eo'tsTeo o'‘oVco‘ r-T cc *oos CO ^ rH OrH^Tfr-Ht^CMCO^^CM CO CO Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year N 2,424 2,880 4, 046 3, 000 905 1,177 76o 2, 893 3,300 945 770 2, 565 3,361 1,622 1,926 2,014 1,075 Name of institution and location - Obegon University of Portland, Portland _ Willamette University, Salem . . Pennsylvania Allegheny College, Meadville _ Franklin and Marshall College, Lan¬ caster _ _ _ cannon renege, Bine. . . . Geneva College, Beaver Falls _ Grove City College, Grove City. . Lafayette College, Easton _ Muhlenberg College, Allentown _ St. Joseph’s College, Philadelphia . State Teachers College, Indiana . . State Teachers College, West Chester. Swarthmore College, Swarthmore . University of Scranton, Scranton ... Washington and Jefferson College, Washington _ Westminster College, New Wilming¬ ton _ _ Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre . . I00Z ‘I LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 43 CM 05 *0<ON CO CM CD *0 CO O 1 446 2,987 1, 679 22, 004 181, 090 1 1 1 l i i 1 1 1 i i 1 cm ggS 1,194 1, 988 gsi § 36 70 99 OhO 05 0 00 0*0 o O O 05 CO IOHH CO 1 CD t*— CO rH o ^ 2,652 • 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 316 009 320 1,331 179 715 1,656 P S3 r-T CO 152 307 779 1,423 670 1, 320 34 1,000 408 1 1 1,903 12, 881 7, 151 20, 619 6,574 5, 402 14, 136 2, 970 4,067 6, 648 4, 878 4, 697 4,500 690 2, 345 3,800 20, 727 io 18, 500 2, 254 3,460 6,261 5,170 2, 4521 240 3, 568 1,268 1,966 5,143 o CO 00 2, 361 1,850 3,817 1, 500 619 ‘fc 5,481 i CD . o 1 ^ 2, 314 3,622 468 4,920 5,696 2,028 900 1 12, 103 5, 631 7, 252 18, 978 13,890 12, 999 8,263 8,819 6, 018 13, 546 4, 399 12, 975 2,286 10,340 5, 500 ^ 1 i 05 05 . CM of ! cm" 12, 500 11, 187 9,266 1 15,054 *o r>. »o £3 *0 0*00 (N tO N t^CM § § cm CM CD 05 O CM 05 CO CO 8 CD CD O0 g CO CO g4 CM lO ^ *o o 05 *o co C5 CD 8 of S3 <*oocT I-H 04 CO £ So CO *o* N CM *cT CO't-T »o'cm’'*0' ^ CM CM* CM CO* CM § 3 05 N CD 05 *0 *0 CD CD §3 s 65 57 S S *o CD *C CO 00 o t>- *o s CD t>- CO 787 28,400 20, 019 1,702 23,223 23,067 54, 856 27, 381 22, 776 12, 359 63, 042 17, 000 36, 090 1,465 30, 048 600 118, 870 5, 565 2,742 24, 077 41,682 15, 268 49, 516 5,855 30,834 25, 078 14, 129 25,441 25, 582 26, 778 11,010 23, 489 24, 688 11, 755 6, 064. 60, 480 37, 046 38,847 32,170 • CD 00 i O r-H CO i , i rH i i-H CO i »C CO '*V ii. i i ill 0500 i i 05 CD r-i ^ 00 CM ^ COO . i CO CO ^ ^ *o CO CO ocoo cWcD 8 $ S® 8S8! S S28 *^T _Teo~ cm gill § "SStf P §f I a g ll°i § ra &••§& < g>S3 S *o.§£ 2 e-<£ .e . rl c« © 5g,>g se II 0.2 o >? es-aiisa §s|go-3§ W ^E-> P ® q S'© So otOT So 8 O o w° O 5 fell 0, p £.2 o Si ■£<5 o cd "S *§1 i|o 03 fT* | M F— _ ! p) © 2so||h ◄ w W£ SS‘3 cl -05 0^2°^ ii^s-a© «||wS| !S6?sSS„ •a |o dp 2^ I 'o kT ■— < 1 .tn i° co •£ :o>g££g£ ll'Slf-lw ra g-S2 2 a; CO C3 <$i I h \& -dl O co - oo E-1 S flp © . ' 03 H „ bo ' CG © t^OjS g ©“g So^ | & 5S5SS.2 gog^SM See footnotes at end of table. Table 12. — Statistics of book stock , student enrollment ( regular session ), book circulation , number of hours open per week for circulation ( regular session) , expenditures, and library staff of libraries of institutions of higher education serving enrollments of 1,000 students or more, by institution, 1946-47 — Continued C. LIBRARIES SERVING 1,000 TO 1,999 STUDENTS— Continued 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 £3 CO si fV+3 30 fe'-P 3 -2 3 jg O'- o~ 2 3 ■ § fi'o 3'3 3 ’3 ® 3 ® 3 •2 3 if? -a 'S WJ £.0 n l-o'S. |SS1- l!6- 3 0- rO 1 t^05 cfcsT gg coco COO t^oo oTr-T o N(NO 00 05 CO COr-Tcf 00 CO CO»OH C5NCO fcf) d CO »0^05 x d K Q o ■§|o 3^ ,q-S 'CPQ ^ 3 &i ® c 33 ® °> g-a 3 r-J ® o 3 ® <- ■+■© bf&j aBo" 0 2 "o os' fS'g°:a M os be ®-W3.3 P3 > S bi.-§ 8>a>* io ® 3 o i „ 3 m 3 ci L i Pc *_,0 £ © “ j? | 03 I s icQ ms o. “ (>>•§ s O > LIBRARIES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 45 g 1 S 3 1* 1| #5 >» p Si a* o a a a gSS bfi 60 .2 a a III S CO CD ^ O ■ t>» 00 i-H t> 00 CO 00*0 lO »ONH CD ^OOD r-t lOON Ci 000*0 ^ Q — (v'3 ca *2 hf) ►** W.S ^ 08 > 1. ^ ^ % »^cq e”. 3S oo^ af B iHa •s *og 111 °o2 Oq a 5 £.2 «)Gg +j5 M aW.a §.s> 111 iC CO ^CD 00 o iO »0 CD t^CO* « co *o t-h . (N tto ) ^ ON g £ C S Pi ® &6 82 £ ° <- rn © © QlA o2 © © SN V, s a • c a m.s~® ® 3.2^ 8 ©a ° ■> •r'o®bfica§0 o iO‘Scri'2>. ^ .2 u, a« ©^’o • 2 tJo 320 2^“ a ‘S ’c3 os 2 a >2 S ts « 3 aP-. 3 M© £ p g3*?5^tia 2 o h® §b a.a pj 53 -3 ° t$ O P 5 co co go .2 co co w.a OT Tt’S'OO’O'd'O^'S 5°55 3a 33 © O © © O ©*© oJ o 555m£5 §> « :ss:ss5,s; <1 'o n O .2 a ©*s Sqj-hO 3=28^5^ _r~ © co co 5^ ! o a lo Si , . §5 I'd 03’° - 'O'd ^ cs 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total.. _ _ Denominational. . . Baptist _ Lutheran _ Methodist _ Presbyterian. . Protestant Episcopal - Roman Catholic. _ _ Seventh Day Adventist. .. Others.. .. .. _ Nonsectarian . NONPUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS— CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES 3. 053 41, 180 594, 236 278, 807 315, 429 162, 551 152, 528 140, 364 129, 276 116, 731 2,479 31, 760 515, 908 230, 384 285, 524 146, 781 134, 951 120, 846 108, 800 95, 840 20 18 21 22 94 2,177 51 76 304 226 287 305 1,595 27, 333 516 1,194 3,297 3,433 2, 974 2, 956 10, 938 474, 666 5, 535 12, 109 2, 419 1,634 1, 596 1,705 7,803 206, 365 2, 439 6, 423 878 1, 799 1,378 1,251 3, 135 268, 301 3, 096 5, 686 714 890 568 690 2, 335 137, 804 1,392 2, 388 742 893 653 725 2,620 124, 995 1,481 2, 842 743 850 736 721 2, 858 110, 644 1,352 2, 942 1, 011 757 840 714 2, 825 98, 458 1, 252 2, 943 1,002 687 861 651 2,662 85, 879 1,201 2,897 574 9, 420 78,328 48, 423 29, 905 15, 770 17, 577 19, 518 20, 476 20, 891 NEGRO NONPUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS (INCLUDED ABOVE) Total... . . 86 732 9,087 3,419 5, 668 2, 879 2, 329 1, 967 1,687 1, 586 Denominational . 76 631 8,013 2,907 5, 106 2,537 2, 029 1, 756 1,566 1,389 Baptist . . . 4 39 345 117 228 100 88 77 78 76 Lutheran . . . 2 13 126 55 71 36 26 34 28 28 Methodist ... _ 6 72 988 335 653 246 269 254 183 161 Presbyterian... .. _ 2 29 424 171 253 115 123 90 96 83, Protestant Episcopal _ 3 16 241 105 136 80 63 61 30 57 Roman Catholic . . 57 436 5,502 1,952 3,550 1, 849 1,370 1,150 1,067 895 Others . . . 2 26 387 172 215 111 90 90 84 89 Nonsectarian . 10 101 1,074 512 562 342 300 211 121 197 NONPUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS— OUTLYING PARTS OF THE UNITED STATES Total.... _ _ 15 239 3,515 1,971 1,544 856 944 802 801 825 Denominational. . . 12 176 2, 908 1,656 1,252 703 780 669 644 702 Protestant Episcopal _ 2 50 506 334 172 138 127 119 122 135 Roman Catholic _ _ 8 85 1,759 1,022 737 464 492 404 383 408 Seventh Day Adventist... 1 20 376 160 216 54 86 68 79 76 Others . . 1 21 267 140 127 47 75 78 60 83 Nonsectarian.- . 3 63 607 315 292 153 164 133 157 123 1 Includes pupils in grades 9-12 and postgraduate and special pupils; also pupils in grades 6, 7, and 8 when these grades are part of a secondary school organization. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Table 5. — Number of schools and pupils enrolled in nonpublic secondary schools , by religious affiliation or control , 1894-95 to 1947-48 Religious affiliation or control 1894-95 1899- 1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929- 301 1932-33 1940-41 1947-48 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total: Schools . . 2,180 1,978 1,791 2,092 2. 813 2, 600 2,997 3. 053 Pupils . 118, 347 110, 797 117. 400 184. 154 334, 593 270, 128 457, 768 3 589, 065 Denominational: Schools . . . 910 945 1,153 1,526 2. 166 2.088 2, 461 2,479 Pupils... . . 52, 441 53, 624 71, 147 130, 020 254, 086 224, 479 396, 214 512, 727 Baptist: Schools . . . 109 96 74 107 66 38 24 20 Pupils . . . 7,424 7,173 6,983 10. 903 7. 300 3, 674 3, 063 3,275 Lutheran: Schools . . 36 32 42 47 33 35 25 18 Pupils . 1, 908 2,032 3,339 4, 005 3. 381 2.081 2,362 3,394 Methodist: Schools . . . . . . 60 65 67 71 62 34 28 21 Pupils . 5,958 5.522 6,007 7,902 7,632 3,474 2,951 2. 924 Presbyterian: Schools . . 102 93 67 64 71 46 27 22 Pupils . . . 4, 654 4,574 3,570 5,267 8,016 4, 534 3,232 2,859 Protestant Episcopal: Schools . 119 98 71 91 97 89 101 94 Pupils . 5,552 5, 145 4,788 7,761 7. 968 6,903 8,523 10, 727 Roman Catholic: Schools . . . 280 361 630 976 1.648 1,698 2,105 2, 177 Pupils . . 12, 777 15, 872 30, 124 76,054 201, 495 192, 579 361, 123 472, 625 Seventh-day Adventist: Schools _ 22 74 70 70 51 Pupils . . . . 1, 992 4,866 3,346 4, 712 5,532 Other: Schools . 204 200 202 148 115 78 81 76 Pupils . . 14, 168 13, 306 16,336 16, 136 13, 428 7, 888 10, 248 11. 391 Nonsectarian: Schools . 1,270 1,033 638 566 647 512 536 574 Pupils . . 65, 906 57, 173 46, 253 54, 134 80, 507 45, 649 61, 554 76, 338 i Includes outlying parts. 3 To preserve historical comparability, the figures for 1947-48 in this table include only the last 4 years of the secondary school system, special pupils, and postgraduates. Table 6. — Number of schools , teachers , and pupils in Catholic secondary schools , 1947-48 1 State, by region Num ber of schools Teachers Enrollment Total Religious Lay Total, includ¬ ing un¬ distrib¬ uted * Boys Girls Men 3 Wo¬ men Men Wo¬ men 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 Continental United States . 2, 150 26, 832 6, 602 16, 041 2, 025 2, 164 482, 672 200, 624 264, 605 New England . . 217 2,632 611 1,661 188 172 48, 865 20, 706 27, 647 Maine . . . 17 170 67 87 9 7 2, 711 1,454 1, 257 New Hampshire . 17 133 14 110 2 7 2,747 1,009 1,695 Vermont . . 10 142 14 113 12 3 2, 211 888 1,281 Massachusetts . 134 1,563 337 1,052 80 94 30, 840 13, 287 17, 553 Rhode Island.. . 17 277 94 123 42 18 4,864 2,038 2, 826 Connecticut . . 22 347 85 176 43 43 5,492 2,030 3,035 See footnotes at end of table. NONPUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS 11 Table 6.— Number of schools , teachers , and pupils in Catholic secondary schools , 1947-48 1— Continued State, by region Num¬ ber of schools Teachers Enrollment Total Religious Lay Total, includ¬ ing un¬ distrib¬ uted s Boys Girls Men * Wo¬ men Men Wo¬ men 1 ! 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Middle Atlantic . 474 7, 480 1,832 4, 311 678 659 149, 679 65, 038 80,994 New York.. . 229 3,643 1,025 1,921 372 325 74, 411 31,683 40, 957 New Jersey. . . 74 1,193 223 694 102 174 22, 287 9, 216 11,195 Pennsylvania . 171 2, 644 584 1,696 204 160 52, 981 24, 139 28, 842 East North Central . 509 6, 957 1,659 4,334 495 469 136, 551 58,672 74,996 Ohio. . 120 1,725 429 1,008 130 158 31,953 14, 422 16,375 Indiana . 31 399 89 269 24 17 7, 913 3, 305 4,608 Illinois . . 142 2, 495 723 1,377 208 187 48, 291 20, 095 27, 467 Michigan . . 145 1,512 220 1,158 70 64 33, 228 14, 157 18,590 Wisconsin . 71 826 198 522 63 43 15, 166 6,693 7,956 West North Central.... 337 3, 358 772 2, 147 245 194 48, 889 22, 049 26, 445 Minnesota . . 59 723 131 458 77 57 11,206 4, 960 6, 246 Iowa . . 120 856 190 617 27 22 10, 813 4, 832 5,883 Missouri . 65 908 263 511 62 72 14, 859 7,083 7,601 North Dakota . . 14 125 30 79 10 6 1,689 720 880 South Dakota . . 9 104 26 65 9 4 1,137 409 728 Nebraska . 42 324 65 211 37 11 4,830 2,172 2, 658 Kansas . 28 318 67 206 23 22 4,355 1,873 2, 449 South Atlantic . 138 1,499 399 822 127 151 22,651 9, 617 12, 949 Delaware . 6 60 38 24 4 4 1,330 742 688 Maryland . 36 469 123 275 38 33 8,389 3, 426 4,963 District of Columbia.... 16 228 58 110 19 41 3,597 1,386 2, 211 Virginia . . . 21 187 47 102 23 15 1,966 866 1, 100 West Virginia _ 14 131 27 86 10 8 1,966 908 1,048 North Carolina . . 10 111 38 47 5 21 592 231 331 South Carolina . . 4 41 11 26 4 766 300 421 Georgia... . 9 72 23 34 10 5 1,222 507 715 Florida . . . 22 200 44 118 18 20 2,823 1,251 1,572 East South Central . 100 979 274 574 45 86 14, 957 6,754 8, 133 Kentucky . 57 591 167 359 16 49 9,280 3, 925 5, 285 Tennessee . . . 16 153 44 85 9 15 2, 394 1,270 1,124 Alabama . 14 155 44 74 16 21 2, 227 1,098 1,129 Mississippi . . . 13 80 19 56 4 1 1,056 461 595 West South Central . 180 1,525 443 859 84 139 22,927 10,750 12,023 Arkansas . 17 120 41 72 3 4 1,456 663 789 Louisiana . 70 615 198 304 52 61 10,096 5,071 4,938 Oklahoma . 26 193 35 133 4 21 1,875 855 1,020 Texas . 67 597 169 350 26 53 9,500 4, 161 5,276 Mountain . 64 634 131 418 32 53 8, 360 3,144 4,844 Montana . 15 126 31 81 9 6 1,556 547 853 Idaho . 5 46 5 36 2 3 335 96 239 Wyoming . l 13 1 2 1 9 160 71 89 Colorado . 22 265 77 146 15 27 3,680 1,700 1,980 New Mexico.. _ 12 96 12 80 4 1,545 634 911 Arizona _ 4 50 46 4 678 695 Utah . 4 35 5 24 1 6 376 79 164 Nevada .. 1 3 3 30 17 13 Pacific . 131 1,768 481 915 131 241 29, 793 12, 894 16, 574 Washington . 28 331 116 193 11 11 4, 794 2,125 2,669 Oregon.. . 17 219 42 114 10 53 2,711 1,176 1,535 California. . 86 1,218 323 608 110 177 22, 288 9,593 12,370 1 Prepared by Department of Education, National Catholic Welfare Conference. * Includes 4,248 priests and 2,364 brothers. * Includes 8,443 secondary pupils undistributed by sex. O .» : ’ ? ->"/v /t I ' - • : -V »• ”C '' , ' ■ 1 * iennial Survey of Education wi the United States — f 946-48 • • tatistics f Public-School Marth western U niversity AUG 1 ■ 1951 m Sehaffost &brftiy DERAL SECURITY AGENCY OfTice of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1946-48 Prepared by NORA E. BEUST, Specialist in School and Children’s Libraries , with the assistance of MARY M. WlLLIIOITE, Survey- Statistician Under the direction of EMERY M. FOSTER, Head , Reports and Analysis Branch , Research and Statistical Service , and RALPH M. DUNBAR, Chief , Service to Libraries FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education • Earl James McGrath, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1951 For sale by tbe Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents CONTENTS Text Page Foreword . v Program for library statistics . 1 Classification of Libraries, by size of place . 2 Extent of coverage . 2 Centralized libraries . 3 Total expenditures for all types of library service . 6 Books, periodicals, newspapers, binding and rebinding . 6 Comparison of some 1941-42 and 1947-48 data . 7 Data on summary tables, 1947-48 . 9 Tables 1. Percent of schools served by centralized libraries, by educational level of school and by population group, 1947-48 . 4 2. Percent of total volumes in centralized libraries, by educational level of school and by population group, 1947-48 . 4 3. Percent of centralized libraries, by size of library and by popula¬ tion group, 1947-48 . 4 4. Percent of all volumes added to centralized libraries, by educa¬ tional level of school and by population group, 1947-48 . 5 5. Percent of librarians, full-time and half-time or less, by popula¬ tion group, 1947-48 . 5 6. Percent of expenditures for school libraries, by purpose and per pupil enrolled, by population group, 1947-48 . 6 7. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries, by educational level of school, by population group, 1941-42 and 1947-43. . . 7 8. Percentage distribution of volumes in centralized libraries, by educational level of school, by population group, 1941-42 and 1947-48 . 8 9. Percent of increase in total number of volumes in centralized libraries, by population group, from 1941-42 to 1947-48 . 8 10. Percent of librarians employed on full-time and on part-time bases, by population group, 1941-42 and 1947-48 . 9 11. Percent of increase in expenditures for library service in city public schools, by population group, from 1941-42 to 1947-48 . 9 12. Number of centralized libraries, books, and librarians, and ex¬ penditures for books and periodicals in 424 schools reporting, by population group, 1941-42 and 1947-48 . 10 13. Enrollment, total number of schools and number with centralized libraries, and expenditures for books and periodicals, 1947-48 . 28 III FOREWORD rPHIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is one of a series of periodic statistical reports on public- school libraries in the United States. Previous reports have covered the school year 1934-35 and the school year 1941-42. The questionnaire employed in the current survey was prepared in cooperation with a group of State Supervisors of School Libraries and members of statistical committees of the American Library Association. This questionnaire, though longer than those employed in the past, confines itself to information considered necessary as a basis for im¬ proving the administration and service of public-school libraries. The questionnaire was sent to 3,204 superintend¬ ents of city school systems, 1,451 superintendents of inde¬ pendent school systems, and 3,442 superintendents of county (mostly rural) schools — a total of 8,097 superintendents. Of this number, many failed to return usable reports, pre¬ sumably because the necessary data were not on file in their offices. For this reason, the present report is incomplete and no attempt has been made to estimate State or national totals from the reports that were received. Percentages and other statistical measures were calculated on the basis of all usable reports, or on samples of such reports. Adequate statistical reports on public-school libraries depend upon the availability of adequate information in the school superintendents’ offices, since it is impractical for the Office of Education to deal directly with approximately 175,000 separate schools. Constructive steps are needed to improve statistical reporting of the facts about public- school libraries. There is urgent need ( a ) to define a body of useful, basic, statistical information about public-school libraries; (6) to establish a uniform system of recording in the libraries, with a view to comparable statistics; (c) to establish v VI FOREWORD a uniform system of reporting by the libraries to school administrators; and ( d ) to publish a Manual of School- Library Records and Reports for the use of school librarians. These developments can best be accomplished by a continu¬ ing, cooperative effort by the Office of Education and responsible library and school officials. Herbert S. Conrad, Chief, Research and Statistical Service. Ralph M. Dunbar, Chief , Service to Libraries. Ralph C. M. Flynt, Director , Division of Special Educational Services. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1947-48 Program for Library Statistics HP HE PURPOSE OF this statistical compilation is to present some illustrative material about public-school libraries for the school year 1947-48. The study is one in a series of separate compilations of library statistics, by type of library, begun by the Office of Educa¬ tion with Statistics of Public-School Libraries , 1934.-85. 1 Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1941~4% was the second report in the series. School library data for 1947-48 were obtained by the Office of Edu- j cation through the use of the report blank, “School Library Statistics” (Form RSS-070).2 This questionnaire was devised by the Research and Statistical Service and the Service to Libraries Section with the assistance of members in various sections of the Division of Elementary and Secondary Schools. The Statistical Committee of the American Association of School Libraries of the American Library Association and other outside specialists in the field of school libraries also assisted with their counsel. The form was sent to 8,097 superintendents of schools of city and independent school districts and to county superintendents for all school districts under their jurisdiction. The small number of usable returns of the questionnaire received by the office, is insufficient for a study comparable to the 1934-35 and 1941-42 studies. This indicates that the data requested are not available in the offices of the super¬ intendents of schools. Data may be available in the office of the principal of each elementary and secondary school, but a study based on forms sent to each school would have involved the mailing of about 175,000 forms. A project of such magnitude could not be undertaken by the staff and the facilities now available. The experience of the Office of Education seems to indicate that Nation-wide statistical studies on the status of libraries in public schools should be limited in scope until school systems are able to provide more adequate means for recording and reporting library data to the superintendent’s office. 1 Sec p. 74 for a list of publications of the Office of Education containing statistics on school libraries. * See p. 71. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 In the interim, the following items are suggested for consideration in National statistical studies, and should be made available through the offices of superintendents of schools: (1) Number of centralized libraries; (2) number of books added annually; (3) number of trained school librarians; (4) number of clerical assistants; (5) expenditures for books, periodicals, binding, and rebinding; and (6) expenditures for librarians’ salaries. Classification of Libraries 9 by Size of Place The school libraries included in the present study are grouped ac¬ cording to the population of cities into four classifications, as reported in the United States Census of 1940, and independent school districts. All other libraries are classified as existing in counties. Some of these counties include both city and rural territory in the school system, others include rural territory only. Number of school Mailing list superintendents Group I cities (100,000 population and more) _ 89 Group II cities (30,000 to 99,999 population) _ 254 Group III cities (10,000 to 29,999 population) _ 742 Group IV cities (2,500 to 9,999 population) _ 2, 119 Independent school districts _ 1, 451 Counties _ 1 3, 442 Total _ 8, 097 1 A consolidated report was requested from each county superintendent regardless of how many school districts are under his jurisdiction. Extent of Coverage The basic data used for this report are derived from reports made by superintendents of school systems except for Minnesota, in which | State the assistant commissioner of education requested that data be received through the State department of education. The number of school systems from which data are included in the tables for this study for 1947-48 were distributed as follows: Number of systems used Size of place in tabulation Group I cities _ 75 Group II cities _ 146 Group III cities _ 402 Group IV cities _ 307 Independent districts _ 0 Counties _ 107 Total _ 1, 037 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 3 From these 1,037 school systems, no attempt was made to estimate State or national totals. Because of the inadequacy of the returns, no data are included for the independent school districts. These are districts that have their own superintendents but report directly to the State, not through any county or city superintendent. School systems included in the tables for group I, group II, and group III cities are the entire number of systems reporting usable data for the items tabulated in the tables. The number of school systems included in group IV cities is approximately 15 percent of the number of cities in this population group, on the 1940 census basis. The systems used were selected at random from usable returns except in States in which the usable returns were less than 15 percent of the total number of school systems. In this latter case, the number reported was used. Reports from five county superintendents were used in each State, except for States from which fewer than five county superintendents reported usable returns, in which case the number reported was used. Centralized Libraries Trends in centralized libraries from 1941-42 to 1947-48 are shown by the comparisons of school libraries in identical school systems for these two periods. The status of libraries in specific school systems in 1947-48 is shown in the detailed data given from the school systems submitting usable returns. Complete data were not available for State and national totals. The questionnaire carried the following definition of the centralized library: A centralized library is one administered as a unit and usually located in one place. It makes books available to all the pupils and teachers of the school. (Include here schools served by centralized libraries but which have kinder¬ gartens and lower elementary grades served by classroom collections only.) It is of interest to look at the percent of high schools and com¬ bination elementary-high schools served by centralized libraries in systems reporting this type of service (table 1). More than 9 in every 10 high schools in each of the 4 city groups and in counties were served by centralized libraries, and more than 8 in every 10 in the combination elementary and high schools were so served. Fewer than 1 in every 2 of the elementary schools in group I cities had centralized libraries and fewer than 1 in every 6 of the elementary schools under county superintendents had centralized libraries. Group I city systems have centralized libraries in almost half of their elementary schools; group II city systems, in two-fifths of their elementary schools; group III city systems, in approximately one- third of their elementary schools; group IV city systems, in more 639503—51 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 than two-fifths of their elementary schools; while the county group has centralized libraries in only about three-twentieths of their elementary schools. The percentage of centralized libraries in high schools, regardless of size of place, is more than 90. Table 1. — Percent of schools served by centralized libraries , by educational level of school and by population group , 1947-48 Group Total Elemen¬ tary schools High schools Combina¬ tion schools i 2 3 4 5 I _ _ _ _ 54. 5 45. 1 95. 5 87.0 88. 7 II _ 49.5 38.7 91.9 III . . . _ _ _ _ 45.2 31.8 90. 4 90.3 84 0 IV . _ 58. 1 40.5 96.3 County . _ 25.5 15.1 94.3 93.4 Table 2. — Percent of total volumes in centralized libraries , by educational level of school and by population group , 1947—48 Group Total Elemen¬ tary schools High schools Combina¬ tion schools 1 2 3 4 5 I _ _ _ 100.0 35.6 60.2 4. 2 II __ .. _ _ _ 100.0 38.3 56. 0 5. 7 III _ _ _ 100.0 32.3 62. 6 5. 1 IV.. _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 28.8 63.9 7. 3 County _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 22.7 34.1 43.2 Table 3.— Percent of centralized libraries , by size of library and by population group , 1947-48 Group Total Fewer than 1,000 volumes 1,000- 2,999 volumes 3,000- 4,999 volumes 5,000 volumes or more i 2 3 4 5 6 I _ 100.0 23.0 39. 7 15. 1 22. 2 II _ 100.0 13. 0 42. 5 23.6 20. 9 III _ _ _ _ _ 100.0 23.4 33.4 21. 2 22. 0 IV... _ _ _ 100.0 18.2 43. 9 25. 2 12. 7 County _ _ _ _ 100.0 59.1 30.3 7.6 3.0 The comparatively small number of combination elementary-high schools in city systems reporting centralized libraries probably ac¬ counts for the low percentage of the total number of volumes in these systems that are in combination schools in cities (table 2). There were approximately twice as many volumes available to pupils in high schools as were available to pupils in the elementary schools in city school systems. The fact that 43 percent of the centralized library books in schools under county superintendents are in the 12- PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 5 year combined elementary-high schools, makes it possible for the elementary pupils in these schools to have good library service, if elementary books are included in the library and are made easily accessible to the elementary pupils. Approximately 1 out of 5 centralized libraries in group I, group II, and group III cities, respectively, reported 5,000 or more volumes (table 3). County systems, however, reported approximately 1 out of 33 centralized libraries with a book stock of 5,000 or more volumes. County systems reported almost 3 out of 5 centralized libraries as having fewer than 1,000 volumes. City systems average fewer than 1 out of 5 centralized libraries with book stocks of fewer than 1,000 volumes. In all sizes of city school systems the largest proportion of new books added during the year were added to high-school libraries (table 4). In county (rural) school systems a little over one-fourth of all new books went to elementary school libraries; one-fourth to high-school libraries; and a little less than half to the combined elementary and high-school libraries, which serve many small communities. City school systems in group I cities employed approximately three out of four librarians full time while county systems employed fewer than one out of five librarians full time (table 5). Only one librarian out of four was employed half time or less in group I systems, while more than four out of five were employed half time or less in county systems. In the small group IV cities the percent of librarians on full time or half time or less was almost the same. Table 4. — Percent of all volumes added to centralized libraries, by educational level of school and by population group, 1947-48 Group Total Elemen¬ tary schools High schools Combina¬ tion schools 1 2 3 4 5 I . . . 100.0 38.3 59.0 2. 7 II.. . 100.0 44.4 49. 2 6. 4 Ill . 100.0 40.0 54. 6 5.4 IV . . . . 100.0 35. 4 55.0 9.6 County . . . . 100.0 26.5 26.8 46.7 Table 5. — Percent of librarians, full time and half time or less, by population group , 1947-48 Group Full time Half time or less I . . . 72.5 67.9 67. 1 49.0 16.6 27.5 32. 1 32.9 51.0 83.4 II . . . . . Ill . . . . IV... . . . County . . . . . . 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Total Expenditures for all Types of Library Service Table 6.— Percent of expenditures for school libraries , by purpose at pupil enrolled , by population group , 1947-48 Total Salaries Books, periodicals, pamphlets, newspapers binding, and re¬ binding Audio¬ visual aids Equip¬ ment Other 2 3 4 5 6 7 100.0 69.2 26.0 2.7 1.1 1.0 $2.35 $1.62 $0.61 $0. 07 $0. 03 $0. 02 100.0 67.7 22.7 3.9 2.3 3.4 $2. 85 $1.93 $0. 65 $0.11 $0. 06 $0.10 100.0 65.7 26.9 2.5 2.0 2.9 $2. 48 $1.63 $0. 67 $0. 06 $0. 05 $0. 07 100.0 65.0 27.9 2.5 1.7 2.9 $2. 91 $1.89 $0. 81 $0. 07 $0. 05 $0. 09 100.0 45.5 41.6 6.4 3.3 3.2 $1.41 $0. 64 $0. 59 $0. 09 $0. 05 $0. 04 Total expenditures per pupil enrolled for all types of library service in all types of city school systems reporting usable forms are approxi- ! mately twice as much as such expenditures in school systems in ! counties (table 6). All population groups reported the highest j percentage of the total spent for salaries. City systems used 65 ] percent or more for this item while county systems used 45.5 per- 1 cent. City school systems spent from $1.62 to $1.93 on the average per pupil enrolled for library salaries but county (rural) school sys¬ tems spent only $0.64 per pupil for this purpose. Book stock, including books, periodicals, newspapers, binding, and rebinding, accounted for approximately 25 percent of the expendi¬ tures in city school libraries. The county (rural) systems used more than 41 percent for this item. Group IV city systems spent $0.81, the largest amount, per pupil enrolled for this book stock item per Group I Percent . . . Per pupil _ II Percent - Per pupil . . . III Percent . . . Per pupil . . . IV Percent _ _ Per pupil _ County Percent— . . Per pupil . . It is of interest to note that library budgets report the following percentages spent for audio-visual materials in each of the population groups: Group I, 2.7; group II, 3.9; group III, 2.5; group IV, 2.5; and counties, 6.4. In 1941-42 3 the percentage reported for all city systems was 0.95 and for rural districts 1.47. Though the increase in percentage of expenditure for audio-visual materials is not great yet, the increases indicate a trend in library budgets. In general, 3 Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1941-42, p. 29. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 7 there is an increase in the school libraries that spend part of their budgets for these media of instruction. The library expenditures for audio-visual materials are only a portion of the funds spent for this purpose, as many schools still have separate budget items for the various types of instructional materials. Comparisons of Some 1941-42 and 1947-48 Data Comparison of the data for 1941-42 and 1947-48 give some indica¬ tion of the growth of school libraries during the period. Because these comparisons are confined to city school systems which have relatively few combined elementary and high-school libraries, these few have been added to the high-school libraries. As a basis for comparing the progress of school libraries during this period only those city school systems which reported comparable data on the following items for both periods were included: 1. Number of centralized libraries, by educational level. 2. Number of volumes in centralized libraries, by educational level. 3. Number of full-time and part-time librarians. 4. Expenditure for books and periodicals. The total number of city school systems included in the tables used for the 1941-42 and 1947-48 comparisons was 424, distributed as follows: Group I, 40; group II, 68; group III, 178; group IV, 138; total, 424. The proportion of all centralized libraries that were in elementary schools increased in groups I, III, and IV city school systems, respec¬ tively, but decreased slightly in group II city systems (table 7). Table 7. — Percentage distribution of centralized libraries, by educational level of school, by population group, 1941—42 and 1947-48 Group 1941-42 1947-48 Elemen¬ tary schools Secon¬ dary schools 1 Elemen¬ tary schools Secon¬ dary schools i 1 2 3 4 5 I.. . . . . . 65.2 34.8 67.9 32.1 II _ _ _ _ _ _ 62.6 37.4 60.1 39.9 III _ 55.5 44.5 56.4 43.6 IV . . . . . . 47.5 52.5 50.7 49.3 1 Includes combination elementary-high-school libraries. The percentage distribution of volumes in centralized libraries between elementary and secondary schools in 1941-42 and 1947-48 remained fairly constant with a slight tendency for a larger proportion 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 of the volumes to be in high-school libraries in all except the largest cities (table 8). This may be due, however, to the increase in the number of junior high schools. There was a substantial percentage increase in the total number of volumes in centralized libraries in all groups and both educational levels from 1941-42 to 1947-48. The greatest percent of increase was approximately 26 percent in the elementary schools of group I cities (table 9). Table 8. — Percentage distribution of volumes in centralized libraries , by educational level of school , by population group , 1941-42 and 1947-48 1941-42 1947-48 Group Elemen¬ tary schools Secon¬ dary schools 1 Elemen¬ tary schools Secon¬ dary schools 1 1 2 3 4 5 I.... _ _ _ 34.2 65. 8 35.0 65.0 II _ _ _ 41. 4 58.6 40.1 59.9 III _ _ _ _ _ _ 34.7 65.3 34.4 65.6 IV _ _ _ _ 29.7 70.3 29.4 70.6 1 Includes combination elementary-high-school libraries. Table 9. — Percent of increase in total number of volumes in centralized libraries , by population group, from 1941-42 to 1947-48 Group Total Elemen¬ tary schools 1 Secon¬ dary schools 1 • 2 3 4 I . . . 22. 89 19. 81 19. 61 20. 79 25. 67 16. 00 18. 44 19. 58 21.45 22. 49 20.23 21.30 II _ _ _ _ _ Ill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ IV _ _ _ _ _ 1 Includes combination elementary-high-school libraries. The percent of school librarians that are employed full time in city school systems reporting comparable data for 1941-42 and 1947-48 increased in each of the four population groups (table 10). The greatest increase from 63.7 to 87.2 percent was found in group I systems. The next largest increase was in group III systems, from 62.8 to 72.9 percent. The expenditures for library services increased from 1941-42 to 1947-48 in all groups, from 35.4 percent in group IV cities to 109.5 percent in group I cities (table 11), in schools reporting comparable data. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 9 Table 10. — Percent of librarians employed on full-time and on part-time bases , by population group , 1941-42 and 1947—48 1941-42 1947-48 Group Full time Part time Full time Part time 1 2 3 4 5 63.7 36.3 87.2 12.8 64.3 35.7 70.5 29.5 62.8 37.2 72.9 27.1 50.0 50.0 55.5 44.5 Table 11. — Percent of increase in expenditures for library service in city public schools, by population group, from 1941-42 to 1947-48 Group Percent of increase Group Percent of increase . 2 > 2 T 109.5 65.8 III_ . . . . 38.5 35.4 JJ IV _ _ _ Data are given for each of 424 cities in table 12, for 1941-42 and 1947-48 to show changes that have taken place in centralized school libraries during this period. Data on Summary Tables 9 1947-48 The summary table 13 gives details for 1947-48 for each school system reporting usable data on centralized school libraries by city population groups I through III, according to the 1940 census, and for approximately 15 percent of the school systems in group IV cities. Data are given for five county rural systems, in each State, except for States reporting fewer than five, in which case the number reported was used. Table 12. — Number of centralized libraries , books , and librarians; and expenditures for books and periodicals in 424 school systems reporting , by population group , 1941-42 and 1947-48 Group I. — Cities of 100,000 Population or More 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1946-48 CO T 05 All School Libraries Librarians Part- time OS CD CO H CO I I *0 i i 40 i CM CO CO 1 • 1 N iH r-i ^ 1 1 ti l l ll i i i i i i 1 i i l Full¬ time OO GO CO CO -6* 4-- loomioe 00 CO to CD d CO CO CO CO CO i-f 1-1 rH i-H C4 1— ( Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for books and period¬ icals r* $14, 340 10, 983 8, 334 178, 433 47, 522 15, 240 33, 429 18, 346 51, 100 6, 566 2,904 10, 570 6,165 32,729 760, 593 7, 780 33,000 19, 000 871 37, 086 Centralized Libraries Number of books Secon¬ dary schools <0 50,282 59,746 31,000 403, 467 259, 266 98,294 114, 319 26,640 174, 761 34,657 37,681 59,116 40,659 106, 412 760, 000 55, 504 233, 631 49, 389 14, 652 57, 540 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools O O 00 CO 1 O IIOCO It^oot^ 1 i O I-H 1 00 ^ 00 05 CO LO 1 D- iOOh iNhN i i o CM i CO (NO^OCO IH 1 05 I-H 1 CO CO O i 1 O D- 1 00 cc t-t no • © i cm" co i i i co" CO »OCO 1^ iCOCM 1 NN i 1 CO CO i *0 !>• i I CM i II l I-H Total HH 88, 531 64, 833 35, 490 1,158, 505 290, 922 98, 294 159.489 26, 640 405, 746 61, 770 37, 681 61, 793 64, 277 183. 489 760, 000 55, 504 267, 631 114,110 14, 652 211, 408 Number of libraries Secon¬ dary schools e* ONCO^-^ 00 lO 00 CO CO ^ CO (M CO CO CM CM CO ^ rH H Tt< CO i-H r-H CO rH HN iH CM rH rH Ele¬ men¬ tary schools cm li 1 III 05 CO r-H co ^ ICO 105 0 ih05N I 1 05 I-H IH CS| IO I-H rH |N IH W 1 CM 1 1 ^ CO ICO II 1 III II 1 III II 1 III Total a 05001^000 HIONCO 0040 40 05© CO i-H CO co *o CONhCOCO i-H ^ *0 CM HHCON 1>- CO I-H CM Ttl "St< 05 All School Libraries Librarians Part- time o i i l l i 1 l III CO CO 00 L- 1 III IN 1 rH 00 CO 1 CM i 1> i i O 1 1 1 1 1 iH 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III Full¬ time as OOHWIOOO t^O^COCO 05 40 CM CM COOOiHCOCM rH lO rH CM rH WN rH CO rH rH Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for books and period¬ icals GO 05 05 00 05CD WOW OOOHH^ LO 05 00 hH O lO O 05 CO rH CM CM 00 O W CO CO 05 co »o CO CO W CO 00 N O CO ^ ^ 05 CC W W W N iOCOWCO W rtT 00 o ^h" © 05" cm~ co" co" I> 4o" 05" tC ONh lO ^e- O rfl rH CO CO IH O rH rH iH CM iH CM Centralized Libraries Number of books Secon¬ dary schools 39, 021 58, 167 15,851 369, 866 238, 570 85, 368 107, 713 18,537 188, 030 32,445 23,373 24,645 35,000 88,471 520, 700 28,952 175, 335 39, 487 12,176 52, 007 Ele^ men- tary schools o WN00 W>0 105 1 co o H05WIC i 050N i 40 WQ0NO5 W i LO i iCCO Nh WTf i CO O O i 00 CO CO CO CO *0 ICO 1 05 lOHCO W i 05005 1 o ccT cdT oT co" i co" i co" c^T cT cm" 40s i o' oo" ifC COCO 05 CO ICO 1 IH » eo »C OH OilOHHM r-HNH -*t< 50 1941-42 All School Libraries Librarians Part- time ® 50*° i ^ i ^ i10 i i ,-L, as 3 5 +3 05 ‘ rH to ^ Tt< CO r i i— r cd CO 1 1 rH Total to 20, 895 12, 275 13, 843 29, 006 16, 792 19, 566 5, 378 12, 964 36, 156 17, 409 19, 757 11,874 14, 224 31,717 Number of libraries Secon¬ dary schools - HHH l i rH rH CO 1 rH rH CO Tfl Ele¬ men¬ tary schools eo to to i 00 to i i H ! CO CO i > • i GO CO CO ' i • 'CO itsl 1 : S ill § ill ini il il -r C3 05 1 l l IH sfs- oT : 8 iss isss js gfsf 1 lililil 112 g 3 §121 1 ssiisggsl ss 1C — lO CS lO OO S£2 S? * ssu-'sf $ “SSSSSS"'^ S3 “ hhNhhhh CO »-H N 2 3 4 1 4 4 ©> ,f to co eo oo ©« tc o ^ m< o^*v-r - ^co-Tof of 1 li^llli i^i 1 ills i liSsiiiSi II © nc^m’kcin 2SS £ V oToiaoj to ^rS”d'32*’tJ'w“5'0® ss 1 1 © 1 © 1 1 CO i O i O i i CO i CO i O 1 ' co 4S ; CO O 1 § : 11 il 1 igs ill! il Is \~ p i p ; CO ! lus co“ IcoaT IscoV !^r onV • 'CIlHN 'W CO 1-H i iisilll Sii 1 1 SS&S 1 8885SS8SS IS = oo ^ c>5 eo ® ^ SS2 s - SS-S S3 ^'s'ss's'as'^g s's 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 C* COO* 1-i ^ ^ W^^cOMiHOOWH CO ^ 1 ^ ^ 00 • MO IH 05 • (M «-H '000^0 <00 05 CO 1 2 2 2 1 4 2 05 gj 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II igSS iwEW II 1^ 22ft. j S a 2 ilfilli! I isti&i :4222ft. Table 12.— Number of centralized libraries , books , and librarians; and expenditures for books and periodicals in 424 school systems reporting , by population group, 1941—42 and 1947—48 — Continued Group II. — Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 Population — Continued 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 00 a All School Libraries Librarians Part- time 05 eo t-i i-H its ! Full¬ time GO *OHCO CO Cft lO 03 of 43, 298 Total 2 35, 437 10, 372 15, 598 34, 692 35, 907 23,118 10, 963 27, 593 9, 500 80, 281 Number of libraries Secon¬ dary schools eo CVS OOCVSC^CO i-H 00 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools N 1 1 CO 1 1 lO CO Is- 1 1 lO Total - 00 H O 03 tH CO 03 T 1 All School Libraries Librarians Part- time ' o CO C003 tH ' 03 Full¬ time 05 NHH TfH t^C003^ T-I Ex- pendi- tures for books and period¬ icals GO $1, 525 1,393 2, 964 2,645 1,889 2, 100 2, 285 2, 395 129 4, 350 Centralized Libraries Number of books Secon¬ dary schools r* 21, 807 9, 108 15, 712 13, 631 14,080 19, 192 11,573 17, 707 8, 685 30,390 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools o N ICO T-H © O 03 i rH CO © O 03 i 05 CO O t-i of no ^ of t-T 1 03 § 76,469 Total i© 24, 034 9,108 21, 628 17, 992 23,080 20, 292 11, 573 23, 209 8,685 106, 859 Number of libraries Secon¬ dary schools CO THCOfN-^ 00 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools e* t-i ! o Tfi go co 14 Total w eOTjv^n t- I-I 04 City - Ohio East Cleveland _ Marion.. . . . Warren . . . . . Oregon Salem _ _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania Allentown _ _ _ _ _. Lancaster _ _ _ McKeesDort _ _ _ New Castle _ Rhode Island Newport South Carolina Columbia . . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 15 »ONCON IO Tt < ^ 7, 106 2, 337 2, 500 6,766 10, 951 7, 093 4,130 25, 549 7, 221 10, 035 31, 397 35, 934 16, 717 21, 275 3, 831 5, 530 8,150 34, 284 46,835 a JO 29, 380 12, 751 18, 185 65, 681 82, 769 16, 717 36, 500 CO (M CO NN(NN - 00 0^=03 N- CN 1 ^ 2 6 1 T gg o'er ss oT^r ii i ^CSCSC^CSCNCOi-H ,-t hhhhNhN. t-H CO cs llgslgfl § III 10rH'rH~^'«'rt .5 •£ Z o a ■sa .y Vi § g a, H »o « © b o ft i§ b§ ft fifS-S 80 CO CO t'** C00*0 0 05HC aoocsrH oscio cso5(N- hOooio om(N r^r^t^c CO t» 04 ONO S8Z CGCNI O t- O 1 OOOM CO 00 CO (0(0 05IN C4 H H 00 00 CO T-H COHN 05H005 O'wfN CO CO o CO ONO CO 80 H 04 04 H cS S ft ft © n'o'ft Oft Wo='-2o3Sj.2 ft ^ ft S 8 omus o o o s§; 05 0 0 ®HO!N no 00)N ffiijtcc® CC 00 00 1-1 00 N CO N CO 00 05 INOON 04 CO 1 I 04 t>- IO CO 04 < I CO 00 04 o 04 < O CO 00 HNOi 80 CO* CO s 1 XNOON ) cq r- to I 05 00 04 o co oo 00 ^ ^ T-i 04 05 hNhh t-h • O o £3 12-s is* 5^ ©, w c-a 6ft c3 Q !C^Q Q} bjQ M © C cS fi c3 + ^a-s-a 15“ oo^«’§ a Oftftffi ! « gft W O 2 L. ft ftgft£ £ b£ 0.2? © 2 C3 fflftft 11,456 I _ i 11,456 i 2,372 I 2 _ 1 2 1 _ I 2 I 12,834 I _ I 12,834 I 3,103 Iowa PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 17 00 NW 1 • '1-4 1 i ill • 1 1 • 1 1 1 ym* 1 1 1 1 1 1 • ' CJ 1-4 CO - 00 j jrH —4 co 1-1 CO iM i-i 2. 100 5, 250 632 1,459 295 50 400 692 117 435 3, 300 199 600 599 313 500 381 921 1,233 1,344 2,931 oO'-'’-i«D CO Oi r-l i • C I .11 . ill l ill . ill ' ; ! ! • i • - • • ■ *-» ; i-4 CO • i ; ; -1 ^ ’H hNWCO c0_,^Tf iO 1 1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 CS 1 ' CO 1 1 1 1 II 1111 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 II < i * , Tt< ' IH 1 I 1 II II I ... CO 1 1 ' 1*0 1 ^ CO Tt< c ^ N H HHHd USHNM tOOO^NmNNtCN® r- O CN 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 19 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 H till |H t 1 1 1 1 1 1 CM 1 1 • l t i i i ■ i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l i l 1 i 1 l 1 1 i l i 1 i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 l i 1 l l 1 1 1 l i i i i i i i 1 l 1 l l t l l l l i 1 i l i i i i i i l ICO » l t .-1 i-t M l l i j i jjj | ijj i-H ^ hh^hCMWCOCMCOCMCOCMCMCMhhCMhNCMhCMh CM i-H HHHOJCOHHHCOCM 1 ^H 05 1-H i-H ss IsgllliiiilSigiSlIsifell II © ilSfellilSIilsl ^'co‘co‘m co'^^^T rf os* oT co i> eo ©* c5' ;1 §SIS i»§ !S !3Ss il il ill ill !©©* !«o“ ! oo*o~ L SURVEY -g © 03 S P-i ^3 f 01 ' EDUCATION, 1946—' 1 " : : ^ ~ : ■ i i i i i 18 - : : CO rH 1 Full¬ time QO i-H 1-t 1-1 HN iNhhhhhNh CO C4 C4 ICO 1 1 Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for books and period¬ icals S OOO nt* O CD r- O 10 O O CO O O D4 O 00 o o ICON COO OONOOPIODOO'JICOCOOOO D4 O ■— l i— l O U3O“3OS«OOO^®00OK5 « r-T i-T CO* T CO Number of libraries Secon¬ dary schools CO HHN HN HNhhNHH CO NNNhh CO Ele¬ men¬ tary schools 1-H 1 CO CO ^ 11 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ICO 1 1 1 1 04 1 Total a CM H 10 ^ CO HdHONHHCOWlOWCOHCO All School Libraries Librarians Part- time o 1 rH 04 CO 1-H ! 1 i1-* Full¬ time 05 HH l HCO HNHHN IHHHCONH ICO 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for books and period¬ icals GO iOOt-h rH t-h TticDOCOOO^iOOT|UOOiOCO O O rH CO 04 COHOtOO»CWXOCOHON05 LOIOCO 05 IN OH^WCl^ONiONHOOHO of 1-T H rH T-f xjTcf Centralized Libraries Number of books Secon¬ dary schools 00 O rH f 1 of 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 In 1 1 In 1 1 co 1 1 oo 1,703 2, 400 1,000 Total OOOH 05 CO NOOONOOOOOOH^NOO 0 0 04 *0 05 lOCNNNOOOOO^NOOW CO O CO Tfiio 00 05 05 05 CO O 00 ^ O CO O 04 04 CO rH 04 OOCO 05 CO CO IN ^'OCO *0 CO N^*0 CO i-H 04 i-H H rH Number of libraries Secon¬ dary schools 04 (M C4 HN NNhhNhhhNNNhhM Ele¬ men¬ tary schools CO 1 1 1 1^1 CO '■f ICO 1 1 1 1 1 10 IO CO 04 Total o* 04 CO 04 -^4 CD 04 00 "—I rH 04 I-H I-I »H 04 !>. 04 CO 40 City - Oklahoma McAlester _ _ Okmulgee . . . Stillwater.. .. _ _ _ _ Oregon Astoria _ _ _ _ Medford _ _ _ _ . Pennsylvania Aliquippa. _ _ _ _ .. Bradford _ _ Bristol _ _ Carlisle _ _ Charleroi . . . . Ellwood City _ _ _ Jeannette _ . _ _ Lebanon.. . . . . Mount Carmel _ _ Mount Lebanon _ _ New Kensington. ... _ Oil City _ Shamokin . . . . Uniontown . . . . .. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 21 II ICO » II 1 t II 1 1 CM rH Tt< ii ill 1-1 ‘ co «mon‘ joco 3‘2'S “>"S'"‘8S‘2"g‘5 CM CM i-i 9 9 I 8 II CM CM WO rji CMr-HOOCM CM t-h CO CO CO ^ WO CM CO rHTt4CM^CM00OirH ' rH ICO 1-H 1 1 Tf4 CO O I • CM CO CM rH 1 1 II ll il II CM i-i ii CO i i l l l l l l 3 1 1 1 1 i-H CM rH rH rH ' HCMCMNrH 050 459 800 326 830 406 150 305 637 614 322 000 500 636 775 918 ns 1111811! -r-' r Nh -T of ^ of^'co h‘nhhhWN - 418 785 000 842 322 ls»l 1 sill SE !ls illSSSSi | COO CO CO ^'tC^Tco' US MOOWN co'of t-'io'co co'wf^'o'ofH'-fo' j i i | i 5 i CD i i 00 ' O ' ' O i i i Oi ' O ' ' O 00 i N i i Oi i o 1 1 C* ^ in is ills! i !co* ! 1 co' !oo ! ! -h't*' OOVV ia is^a ! 418 785 000 842 466 IsSI 1 Sill 51 ns gSlslill co" o «o r-7 <#V-*co of weW cot-' S"“S‘ “s-'s's's's's CM CM rH CM CO 1-H CM 1-H CM rH rnCMrHCO CM CM rH rH CO rH CO CM H rH CM CM H 1 1 1 ■ ' Tt- 1 — 1 1 1 1 III III 1 rJ4 1 1 *0 1 CM 1 ' 1-H CO III III III III TJ4 00 l l i ' rH i CO rH CD CD ' 1 1 i l l 1 CM CM lO CM Tt< rH CD i-H CM CD rHTt l f| i I KBOOal^ Table 12. — Number of centralized libraries , books , and librarians; and expenditures for books and periodicals in 424 school systems reporting , by population group , 1941-42 and 1947-48 — Continued Group IV. — Cities of 2,500 to 9,999 Population 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 ® « c6 9 HCS r-H < O 3 I Or* OCM OOOO CM CO O T-H ICIOH ^ to CM to CM H O tO CO § oo to I to CM rH IP to 00 o CO rH ^ co co CO co'to' to to CM CO 05 cm" CM* to to CO 05 tOO^N rH tO tO rH wa- 8 9 ! igbl oo to co Tf O 00 NOO © to" 00 CM 05 ccTcm" to CO CO OhCO tH t-H rH O O to ^ rH ©T*< tH 005 CO CO' to" to to* cm" oo" co" CO ^ CM IS s o o a W 03 5 ® « s 9 9 38 OWN O CO O OC 00 O to O to CM ^ 05 to l>- to CM 05 00 05 CO 00 *> to CO O O O ' o o o » CO O to c igbg w a*-s > O O 05 © 05 CO !8Si2 sss r to" co" co cm"oo tJh" g >* o m igbg rH l ICO rH CM rH rH ^ HH' to to CM 00 to CM rH rH CM r ggs-s ffl to O ^2 bp M .52 ,2 2 fflfep-l as*, 9 03. OOQfci >CQ b3 03 i s’> a^ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 23 CM CM • • J h i i i i i i i i i i i i " Nh 1 1 HHH r- lii— 1 v— I 1 1 1 III l if-H^i 1 III III 1 • • 1 III III 1 • • 1 III III l 1 * 1 ill III l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i - i i :^h ; I-- j NHHH 11 1 IgiislSiii §<3131 121 133 ills S33 1 31|S 2,153 2, 644 5,981 ”4, "135* 1,927 1 is i of | of ; 1 co- 11 ii 111 §§§ 1121 111 I iSsS -dcd !-* ->jr -d of cod' of idededed edcdd" of Odd coo i i i 1 in ii « : : :« till 1 1 1 1 si co- 520 350 8, 505 1, 031 i i i i iss iig g § is i : : j i co >o : cd :>o- : il 8 S3S1S13SSS lllll 111 SSI HIS 131 8 1SSS iocs >d ^ded'defcdefed ed ^coc6^ V *0 L SURVE7 3 S { 01 at i' EDUCATION, 19 46-48 Full¬ time GO i i i ■ i i i i i i i i Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for books and period¬ icals $1,130 845 1,217 914 1,555 1,474 325 1, 170 750 1,408 330 1,500 Centralized Libraries Number of books Secon¬ dary schools s 3,972 5,164 3,692 4, 496 5, 104 3,607 1, 959 2,705 2. 300 5,198 5, 305 5. 300 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools 05 iNWNO ^ i 00 ilO GO CO O iQO^COO l TjT rH CO' C-i 00 -H 1-H o'eoeocoo>'^'ofeo''od>ot^'of »o of rf CO CO of eo" eo —i If 11 i i§ ill i 1 i i il ill is isil s sin SSISS ! of-i : ! -T j eo r-T CO j 1 | CO jcoof j CO !r-fufcf CO- t*r*r*~ rf rf 1 lllillll 1 IlSslsIilisSsiS l iisl ISSSSg a OO lO ^ (N lo N N CC of oco-oeo-oeo^-cdofco'odcoofuf of ofeo-to'^ CO-^-T«%H-lO~- if . HrtrtHHHHHHHHHMH Ol Nhhh hhhhNh CM CM ! ! ! CM IcOrH 1 CM !hcOo co ^ COCO CO CO CM CO CM CM CO H (N CO ' H ■ «— i »-i i I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IO CM |' ■hhN • HH(NHHHTtlHHH(NHCO(N CM ; -1 1 ^ §8111111 8 RGiiiisslllSl§ 6 Of iH i— f 850 1, 550 723 501 llslsR 1 813S81E8 1 ISSS^Sllssilis i IIII ISlill 1 ‘O'coco'ofco'eo'tf'iaf of CO tjT «5 Hjf of CO Iff TP of of lO T|f to' CO- r-T CO- nfrtT r-T co co i-f i-f of oi SI i is i is ■ Tf< io no i oo i noeot-oiqo : £ :a :s :s : g| il j ofoi j ; j jr-r i ~ is” i is i ^-r^cf lif H If 1 1 1 1 SSsaiSIES 1 E1151S§|glglll 1 3811 ISiiil 1 I'--' o" 1-1 of of -of in' ofeo r-Tof of ,-1 f—\ (NhhIN hhhhINh CO II II W CO 1 1 1—1 • IH II II II II T~i IrH ! CM ! CO l irHlOHCON r-< i i iii i CM i H i i i i i iii i i—i eo i— i oi i— t co h ^ h h oi co o^ »o eo oi CO IO H CO CO H CM H CM h co 7,712 Table 12. — Number of centralized libraries, books, and librarians; and expenditures for books and periodicals in 424 school systems reporting, by population group, 1941—42 and 1947—48— Continued Group IV. — Cities of 2,500 to 9,999 Population — Continued 26 1947-48 All School Libraries t?4 _ . _ 2 Librarians m ► L SURVEY 4L © cl § PM -3 OF at EDUCATION, COCO*OCOCO 769 675 453 374 360 So S3 CO 00 co c^r 8 O 500 OMCOOJOINTfOO iOO*Or-HOt^ COCOOOiOr-i^OC O c^io'io'cmco'cm'co'co'cm 10, 165 3, 400 3.900 4,327 1,400 780 099 1,500 10,400 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 I 0 1 00 O 1 *0 CO 1 O 1 CM CO 1 O 00 ' 0 1 rfT 1 CM rH • HjT 1 1 1 1 1 4, 828 360 8, 056 3,603 4, 660 2,000 10, 400 ocoooooo^oo •^COhOiOhhON ecoooooTf 00 co~ o7 cm~ «T rt*' co © cm 14, 993 3, 400 3,900 4,327 C* r-H rH 1 rH r-H Tf 1 CO IHH 1 1 1 cm 1 CO 0 Tf | 5,157 2, 000 3,600 3,700 2, 000 2,390 5, 974 6, 273 7, 381 5, 500 3,429 1,000 2,600 3,396 4, 486 2, 633 1, 335 1,852 2,285 1,000 O O O cf 2, 050 3, 500 1 11 1 1 Tf< 1 ICO 1 O O 1 05 1 l 03 1 O O iN 1 1 W 1 CO O JcsT 1 IH 1 CO CM 1 11 * 1 11 1 i : s is 0 1 ! ! w ih 1 1 ■ t" >o io'io' o«owrt®oooo a®NOONMOOO> MNNMN'tMNM 50 lO ?0 388 e4~ 00“ 5© <0 00 *© CO T^r-TcO MNMhIMhMW < cq *3 j5 O ?* ^oB .0X3 go«'22^|°e OWOWPiPHajai^ ssS 939503-51- 03 Ph Ip wo« Table 13. — Enrollment, total number of schools and number with centralized libraries, and expenditures for books and pei 1947-48 Group I. — Cities of 100,000 Population or More 28 BIENNIAL SUJ RVE'! 5 OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 iisii usii issei sms mu i-toco rti'rji'oo io'co' i cc tcT eooo T^co-of loViood' Librarians Half- time or less 3 CO W(NNN j J-H 1 1 C* j HStl 3 22NNS i iss i ; « iNs i i is i j Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 3 Hiss Ss eo i- ; !sl 1 ! ill isill S9SS8 r j C< ! ill i i ig i S ill i ilia! f 5 j j | j McO CM- | jifCO M utco-rH- CO CO CO 00* Number of volumes at end of year 3 2 Isigl nils nils glBSS llils 8 S3 §8 » SSSS3S ”’|S|S a&g'SS' SS'^SS' Ele- men- tar y schools © 38, 249 10, 154 26, 066 5,087 76, 420 Ifi 4, 490 23, 786 52, 345 2, 400 755, 038 33, 678 31, 656 45, 170 230, 985 27,113 14. 250 15, 000 91,965 2,677 Total o Silll 8S11S Slill 11S1S tills 88'S'S'SV S3SSS cSSgg'g gSgSS' s's'sgs Number of schools with centralized libraries QO ©‘Or-.t-OO OfflCO^N S'0*'000 N®Mh2 Ele¬ men¬ tary r* 32283 is °°2g^ j 8 iss i Schools - S10^^00 22*00® Ele¬ men¬ tary us $8338 S8883 83|82 28832 Enrollment i 10,453 3,896 20,911 33,897 11,618 41, 507 17, 600 5,107 5,191 8, 588 102, 384 14, 628 37, 401 14, 818 20,141 10, 024 60, 870 5, 608 5,838 6, 863 9,725 5, 000 13, 293 15,351 Ele- men- iary school eo ssliS IsiS I Iasi! iSisi Hiss s'sss'a j a'sVs'sf s£a'g“'" “>'sa'a'“ Total N SSSIS Hall SlSSi Isisl 11121 ss'a'g'aa s's'ss's' sg'sgsC ssas's s'ss'gs City Akron, Ohio. . .. . Albany, N. Y _ Atlanta, Ga _ Baltimore, Md _ Birmingham, Ala. . Boston, Mass _ _ BnfFaln. NT Y Camden, N. J. . Canton, Ohio . . Charlotte, N. C . . Chattanooga, Tenn _ Chicago, Ill _ Cincinnati, Ohio _ Cleveland, Ohio _ Columbus, Ohio _ Denver, Colo. Des Moines, Iowa . _ Detroit, Mich. _ _ Duluth, Minn . . Elizabeth, N. J _ Erie, Pa _ _ Flint, Mich _ _ _ Fort Wayne, Ind _ Fort Worth, Tex.. . Gary, Ind . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES! 29 1 is i i sign lilll £1111 slsll i§§lg Islll §131§ is" i i *ra§?3‘‘8‘ sssTs'sF o5‘sws'$ sSs^'sTs sss”r | ; jjhm co ! S ! co ! l- ! 1 1 58 22 52 55 1 1 i1" i SSS^S e«*§ 13 18 46 16 39 3 13 3 187 37 17 11 17 3 13 43 52 11 16 6 15 12 9 11 13 30 18 17 28 5 1 19 i-H co 10 76 13 3 cj co oo i-iooe^TfiM po»oc<»eog> honiooo ooo-^co t- 20 2 9 s i O iO o c- oo HCON o ^ 1 CO CO 388 $88°° is^ss 8^ i-s s o j | 25 6 20 j^co^cg ;®~co j . co ! o ssii I 1 1 !8S s in 686 739 ill Sill! SsSII S i ill 38188 CO i-l OO' ^ 1 i i is® ^ ; us co co »o S38SS eo^jcgtooo 14 5 4 4 43 27 12 12 5 8 T-H 00 rH rH CO r-H rH - i CO O 1 - 1 US I 1 H US' 1 co" 1 1 co' (N 1 i ICO 1 1 1 26, 853 34,979 | Total 05 6,430 51, 265 96, 340 49, 706 85, 354 71, 654 35, 931 155, 984 23, 233 55, 609 62, 200 66, 479 17, 000 26, 853 44, 229 55, 481 Number of schools with centralized libraries JbO a GO ^^USUSOO C5-H ! jo ^ i i'" o NhND co j co | • 1 1 1 '* rH ; • ^ i 1 > CO ' 1-H 1 1 1 n ' i i II ICO'1 th 1 1 1 II III III ** i i II III III • • il ii illl ssll § i SIS i IllSi j i 1 rtO i cfFf NNhh ,-f i co | ; cf : i § i i ii 1 1 l iO i i ' N i i i CD i i i i i i i i i i 1 is i i iss i : :32 is II 1 rH 1 1 1 CO rH 1 rH s i i ! | \~ : : : iotC OHNM oo>®V i i 2 g j il ill ill 00 i 1 ' ^ « ' 1 ^ 1 ; : : : :§ Il ig ii IS1 il 1 s i io ; |s © i : iw ! : i-r i-H l 1 l »-H 1 1 • CO ill III III ill li.- !a>- !«r jn 1 IN | 1-H | rH M | s' a" j ig 11 ieslsllsl Is ssli isais 1 2 2 23 SS£'S8S'!§S‘S' S53 SS‘-‘a SSS’S" S Sf 2 co >o *0 i'ot^t^oo» ! • ij q Ch « <* S- || pQ O 2=3 |1 xj'S s ■18 il 3 Ifllljl-M? lit" i.. Ph Table 13. — Enrollment, total number of schools and number with centralized libraries, and expenditures for books and periodicals , 1 947—48 — Con tinned Group II. — Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 Population — Continued 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 m O M 9 P.3- w; I CO LOCXNO 05 CO(N CO CO CM CO iO lO o o co*' co" *q" co" Sooo)§ t^t^ccco "3 a W-S • CO CO CO r-T t-T cm' r-T Is rC3 O bJDO rj & I O CO CM IIOIOCO iNiOlO Tf rH 05 CO H»ONN^ CM CO 05 00 r-T i> cm' cooT iSb§ 05 05 o CO cm"w*o i>T CO 05 CO Is* H »0 COH o' rH TtT HH ^ CM CO rH CM CM O O iO H to CO rtl CO ^ »0 ^ 00 00 CM rH CO CO CO 000*0*0 r-T rH CM" Tf 00 CO CM HCOlOCO CO O CM Ha- rH rH CO * rH »C Tfl CM CM »0 Tf* CO a h «a- •Sf-3 W M oo to O 05 *0 CM i IQ CM I CO rH CO ! cm" »o" cm" CM CO H O *0 SonSo cm" rH »o cm" co' B0' *0 00 000*0 co CO 05 co CM 05 05 05 t'* rH COCOOOCOIG 1C u- CO iO ^ CM 05 HNCOCO CO co 05 oo GO 05 CM TH CO *o" co" ocT 00 co *0 CM co cm" th" cm" CO O 00 CM co 05 cm rH CM rH CM co icT cm" ONIOCO rf CO 05 CO 05 CO CO to M 5 Jz;p^ _ § o cQ’S’o ■§31 w> QP ho • SS >r3 I o i CO 1,3 I bo Jw a^p- s | GrH JW-I'S $ o " sHos OH t-1 " hS o o 3/-\ i w co o o o3t-l go 3 Qjj} flo® 3 3 COrW £ as c3 ^3 coPQ PSraS* llfl OOflO PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 33 m is -r lillslllS rH Co" Co“ ISSlIfillS : : cfeo eo Z I Z\ i i 13 iNOON i'C i ' CO •# ,-H Cq i-l HJH iHrtrHrtrHWUJHrH 1(5 M N © CO CO H O) rt IQ ,-H IQ — I I z I HHN ! ! r-H 1 NCOtOHCC^ i i 1-H 1 only. 700 2,361 125 Si 472 200 165 100 139 2, 567 1, 457 200 422 2,123 838 877 2, 207 7, 300 2, 852 7, 543 2, 221 2,000 2,471 492 3,762 igh schoc ivailable, 6,486 20, 214 4,231 17, 570 8, 967 8, 075 1,264 5,380 7,200 2, 406 2, 400 5, 508 17, 289 24, 142 2,110 6,581 6, 509 17, 660 12,336 18, 495 15, 823 10, 021 30, 014 14, 007 5,606 58, 661 28, 346 Data for h Data not e 23,095 1,575 2,700 2, 669- 9,366 i 00 i i i HM S$ 1 isSSSsll i i I ■* s' :ss's's?355'f ; j I Is 1311I1I11S1I CO U5 O J-H r-T iO t'T CsT o *o c© i> co c- co -h S3 glSialllgsll §g£*ii2!§ I § i-T of oi'eo'rtcd'Wr-T TJ1- ^ IS t-h oT lilsllglsggg co'^NcvsMeoeNr^co'co-'cNM SigsiSSRs g i oco'csM^tCtCui^ uS eo §£ wV IssUgglilll oow Vco'^^TtroTo-rco^-' SsisSSsli S I t'Tod-^Tio'oo os c*5 ocTecT o' uT a § i y iiiiiiii pq«owHiWtqS^;o>t»EH £ >>5^ : s : g ^ Illllllll £ r 1 S 3 Group II. — Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 Population — Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-48 ^ m 60 rrj<** S 2 b-g’goa NOCO®iHOKOMOiOC5 OONHOdOiOrtHWiON ON^OONNfflONOn ps ps ps'^ r-T i-T c-Hoo cm cm 05 CM 1* CO CO OOCOCO «0* <*«*.*. t^ooooo coo® 332 ®3S323,°:32 2 2 223 °522233 2,188 3,190 1,482 5, 481 956 1,396 3, 821 8 ®* 8,303 2,017 3, 734 3,024 2, 661 2, 340 2, 323 1,018 1,120 7,427 3, 269 3, 124 8, 815 4,000 3, 109 2, 611 3,466 3, 872 3, 324 3,550 1 4,178 2. 414 4, 585 3, 529 6,039 984 3,569 2,432 1 I llllssll i s a IIS ISS3II cm* tj? co eo 'i'* co* cm" co ; CO* M^ico^eo^ nil ill •** NT >0* i-T r-T TtT CO* ISil oT-h t^oo ||g§IIsS§ V 00*®* ®* ®* CO* eo“ -cjT t ^ CON CONNNOO 35 Includes combined elementary high school libraries. Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 e *3 .2 fi¬ ns jg 8 o 0 .o hi cc V. 3 C a- £ ns s s ns ^ 3 « .3 8 *■£ S g V 0 *eV |JL 5 ^ Q) N ♦©S' o © *3 S V. Sj *0 S 3 3 fcl Ov CO Expend¬ itures for books and period¬ icals 3 $807 160 5,008 7, 106 12, 806 2, 337 O CO CO O OCON N(NO O N (N CM CD to* CM' 00 CO* Librarians Half¬ time or less ® CM ! CM i ill • 00 t-H III 1 rH t-H III 1 III 1 III 1 III Full¬ time rH lO CO CO »0 CO CMlNCOlN^O CO CO CM Number of Central¬ ized Libraries, by Size 5,000 vol¬ umes or more GO rH i-l ' CO t-H CM ^ rH CO CO CM CM rH rH 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes < 1 t-H »o • CO CO ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 00 CM t-H rH rH 1, 000- 2,999 vol¬ umes CM CM ' CO CO ICON i Oi i Fewer than 1,000 vol¬ umes ‘ft : i i ^ ill i ill i ill i ill Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 High 1 schools Oi CM OO L- i-H CO 500 6, 115 2,815 410 500 1,521 4, 365 1,955 1, 042 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools 1,000 450 6, 253 664 i l i O CM 1 1 00 1 O os 1 i CO i CM CO 1 i O l t-T i i ccT • 1 1 1 Total ** O CM OO N- rH CO 1,500 6, 565 9, 068 1,074 2,626 700 3, 213 4, 365 4, 993 1,042 Number of volumes at end of year High i schools s 9,500 11, 438 36, 983 10, 500 25, 549 27, 846 7, 221 10, 035 31, 397 23, 247 18, 620 15, 637 13, 745 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools s 1 OO O rH t-H O 10^0 1 TH 1 * ® O CO CO 1*0 00*0 ICO 1 1 CM o oo oo *o irH(N^ 1 ^ 1 i CO CO C0*0 to 1 CG'rf'O' l CO » l Ttl t-H to I CO T-H 1 rH 1 Total as 9, 500 11, 438 80, 281 23, 500 29, 380 83, 687 12,751 20, 825 18, 185 65, 681 39, 697 18, 620 29, 101 13, 745 Number of schools with centralized libraries s bo S GO t-H lO OO rH lO co^cm Ele¬ men¬ tary r» 5 12 2 23 2 1 2 17 8 7 Schools s bp w co r-H CO O0 t-H lO IQ >° :a 111 t3w!l§rfl!il pq^&H • pq pqpq h hph W a i ! ! is Ml ! II I 2[ £ SS 1 Includes combined elementary high school libraries. n 2 schools served by 1 library. 2 Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. m includes binding. Table 13. — Enrollment , total number of schools and number with centralized libraries , and expenditures for books and periodicals 1 947-48 — Continued Group III. — Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 Population — Continued 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Expend¬ itures for books and period¬ icals 2 w $4,740 3,835 4, 229 3, 080 3,086 5, 000 1,960 300 1, 100 931 1, 019 1, 273 Librarians Half¬ time or less e* woo ! ! 1 1 1 1 • ! co l 1 »• Total 05 14, 520 40, 676 24, 844 9, 519 17, 681 5,700 7, 515 10, 779 5,818 200 4, 150 9, 211 3, 793 5,315 Number of schools with centralized libraries High1 GO 40 (N » 1 1 1 CO O CO © CO High1 school 3, 583 1,049 2, 083 1, 985 2, 624 1,375 1, 351 535 1,484 385 1,010 788 1,289 815 Enrollmer Ele¬ men¬ tary school eo i i 1 05 O 1 i 05 aT fs 5 eo~ «Q r «o- O CO CO CM rH CM CM CM ! ^ ! cm ! rtrH rH CM |rH^ r 1 ! ! CM CO ^ 1 CM 1 1 rH I CO 1 0 Tt< CO CO CO rH CM CO CM i'- CM ! rH rtH rH CM r 1 l rH ^ 1 r rH 11 12 5 CO CO - | • 1 Oi co ! 0 CO 0 OO OO £352 8118 is 1 i 10 ^ 11 g g iss s 780 g J g HH HNH !rH H ! rHrH hT li-Tof H of IIS sis! 1 i s i ii 500 ; ii J J J 2 i§ • I H‘H‘eo‘c4‘ ef ! r^ r j !rH e.' jc' 1 1 H III 8111 Is s ill 500 975 656 11 g 1 ssl a 780 B s § »o“« eo" ofeooV tin HH of HH *■* rH H of rf rH 1 Includes combined elementary high school libraries. « Junior high school only; senior high school combined with junior college. 3 Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. Table 13. — Enrollment , total number of schools and number with centralized libraries, and expenditures for books and periodicals , 1947-48 — Continued Group III. — Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 Population — Continued BIENNIAL STJ] tsU.S-d'g* p ^ 03 g,2 IVEl N f OF EDUCATION, 194' OOIO OrH CO OOJH O CD CMC5 OO OOC1 O CM CM l>CO CM »OTjiN CM" rH rH r-T t-h" rH 6-48 O O 05 00 1,055 746 1, 817 2, 907 2,203 Librarians Half¬ time or less W ^ i i i ! CM CM rH ! I I i i i i • i Full¬ time CS HHH TJH CM CM TH^ NrtH HHN eseo Number of Central¬ ized Libraries, by Size 5,000 vol¬ umes or more GO i H l i i • rH rH i rH rH i H l l l l l l • l l • l 1 TjH rH 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes rH y-< ! CS i i ■ i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 000- 2,999 vol¬ umes o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 l 1 i i i rH' ! CM Fewer than 1,000 vol¬ umes If* i i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 j | tp ! co Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 High 1 schools ^ ICO i 00 CO CM i O i OO CO CM i CM i CO 05 C5 (Tji co 00 05 1 CO CM rH CM 1 CO I o • o i CO - 00 CO * r-T cm" CO 05 O 1 to 05 1 o 00 CO CM i 00 CO i O rH CO ^ I CM rH l O co" ccT gz 1 t>T ocT > o" CM CM Ele¬ men¬ tary schools s 348 16, 986 3, 600 ___ _ CM ! 05 1 CO j CO 1 CO *0 i rH 1 CO" i 00" Total OS 3, 662 5,118 7, 216 16, 986 11, 788 o 12, 838 3,600 3, 186 6, 669 10, 420 3, 912 7,285 8,139 6, 556 10, 000 8,418 24, 512 14, 422 Number of schools with centralized libraries s W) a QO TH _ j_ ^ irH Ele¬ men¬ tary 1 l l rH l TJ4 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 i i ^ i »0 nC CO i i i Schools ’h bo a CO jrH 1“ * 1 1 1 1 1 1 TH^ Ele¬ men¬ tary 10 05 0 i l 1 lO 1 1 1 ! to 1 CO CO 1 1 1 a 'o 3 High i school ■<# CM 35 i o CM O CO 1 05 rH 00 05 co 1 lO rH 1 O 00 ! rH o ICO CM L- CO 1 OO co 1 O CO 00 rH 1 rH *0 1 00 rH I vH/ » l l 365 2,200 Ele¬ men¬ tary school eo 1,400 1,991 1, 395 1, 890 1 1 1 00 1 oo I CO 1 co » CM 1 CO ! rH ! cm" JO • 05 i !>. i i 1, 430 1,721 1,153 Total 2, 227 2,893 2,064 1, 890 1, 597 1,110 1, 238 627 3,208 1,168 1, 795 1, 181 560 1,430 806 1, 721 1,518 2,200 City - Illinois— Continued Jacksonville _ _ _ Kankakee . . Kewanee . . La Orange: Elementary Dist _ Hisrh School Dist.. La Salle: High School Dist _ Lincoln: Elementarv Dist High School Dist _ Mattoon _ . Mount Vernon: High School Dist Park Ridge _ Pekin: High School Dist. Sterling: High School Dist. No. 300 _ West Frankfort: Elementary Dist _ High School Dist--_. Wilmette _ Winnetka: Elementarv Dist High School Dist_._.l PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 41 IsliS! - ? ? r r r ~~r_r g§38 Nrt 1 i i 1 rH ' 1 •o J — - icon • ; rHrH j 1 • I " j j- HNHHHHrHHCOrtT(lNCOi-lrtNH (NrtCOHHlQ rH rH rH rH rH rH rH ! - 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i * rtrH i | ~ j i i I s ! "■ j ! S o co- H* CO 14 11 4 7 ISslIllSsIlSlIlll rtn rH rH* iH rH* r"t r-7 iH rH* 1,135 800 1,050 670 2, 000 1,081 936 1,081 550 1,147 1,100 799 Isis rH S£888§Eg8i3SSfS38 rHCiHHHNHWHfiWHHHHCi 1, 325 950 1,550 2, 635 2, 500 1,309 1,387 1,112 900 1,400 1,724 967 1 2,121 2,048 1,000 832 llslllIslISSEISsl cieoNVNcoNVctwiowwciHraH 2, 460 1,750 2,600 3, 305 4, 500 2,390 2, 323 2,193 1,450 2, 547 2,824 1, 766 III ‘I 3,777 2,959 1,300 1,544 1 1 Includes combined elementary high school libraries. 3 Data for high school only. 3 Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. » Includes junior college. Table 13. — Enrollment , total number of schools and number with centralized libraries, and expenditures for books and 1 947-48 — Continued Group III. — Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 Population — Continued 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 PUBLIC- SCHOOL LIBRARIES 43 Ills i-icieor-T giimigsi i m TjfeO rH^‘ro«-HrH j j p- j- | ' co 03 rH TH • 03 •O rH 1-1 i ; ^ ; rH T* 1 10 i \ j CO rH ! 1 1 1 j -H ^-IrH 03 CO Tf« • © 1 1 1 i i i i i i 1 1 CO ' ' ' © © 1 1 1 i i © i 1 1 1 I 1 1 j j 03 ! 1 i§ §§ iSISISslS 1 IIS SSSSSSSSSSSS 111 as r-? : ,-T ^ r-T §§ igg i i i 1 SI 3 296 754 820 310 742 SSI i is ef ; ; ! g i -r ! 945 919 517 593 2, 029 637 1, 188 550 113 870 519 615 588 994 4003 : *% 300 190 1, 070 1,356 864 1,219 556 1, 841 631 994 4,050 1,262 1,188 225 1, 171 580 486 185 2,008 443 g jSSli jlSISSlii 1 lil o jiotdioco jjgH\*Vro%*Vrei' r-T cot^ao IgllslglsISS o>ot^'>ct^'ooodj4'orooroo isg sag “ l> 50* £*00 0 j i ii 1 J^r g ill! ilel i is o> jtoei'eo joH'Vf | l*T ill 10, 350 sSlSISSlIISlIIS I BBS SIsIllsIllSl = SR gsi -r o »o oo jo gs »o oof of a'”3 HINN 03 03 CO 1 © • 1 00 00 Tt* ^ © i i l i I rH 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 l 1 > i r ^ i ^ © © ■ CO t'- © • 1 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 II i i i Tf< i 1 1 2 1 NHNHHNNNNHHW 03 CO 03 03 03 CO u5oooioc30oo>0'«r«o»ot^Tj0 CD CO N r^LO CO 05 CO rH 00 03 10 05* © © rH co oT CO 16, 426 5,911 5,200 3, 245 5, 080 4. 325 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools ® s is t> 1 CO rtT ! co l " i tOOO © 05 00 rH t>- tH^ CO 00 CO 03 (NO OCO CO to r-i" oT CO CO CO ^ Total 05 24, 346 7, 977 14, 356 10,368 2, 354 35, 922 16, 805 9,935 3,669 22, 904 10,012 5, 727 3, 245 5, 080 4.325 Number of schools with centralized libraries S bfl s G© O3rHO3COCOC0 03 rH CO rH HHNH Ele¬ men¬ tary 00 ' ^ to ^ rH O t-H C in 8 c o n High1 CO NrtNMMCO F hhcoh City - Missouri— Con. Hannibal, . . . Kirkwood _ ... _ Maplewood _ .. *5 5 c. il ip. Webster Groves,,. . . Montana Billings, . _ _ _ Helena _ _ _ _ Missoula: Elementary Nerraska Grand Island.. . Hastings _ _ New Hampshire Berlin _ _ _ Concord, _ . .. . Laconia _ _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES §II§sllilillIs2 SlSlIlsSisl ^r^-^r«N ^t« i i - II I* II II II 1 ' II I' II I' II 1 1 - — !H(qHMHHHHHeiH rtNrtr,rtHH(SHN-HNrtH(NH CM CO II II II II II II II II II II II II I 1 r-H I I r- II II HH | ' - i- 1-”- - : : ^ -1 -1 ^ ^ ^ ^ hi -ho: ■ i l i i 1 « - II II r-H l 1 1-H 1 1 II II II II II 1 1 1 • II ! oNeiN(0 0»oN>o ■o-c nmf of of of r-T EBSasSSSSBSSSil 888B18g§8!ISSS8i IBS 1 llsl PiVMNHNNeCHHCoVMCC of N « N (NCiH H M N N H NO MW O ^ O o d ' ££ ! lisf SOOS: OO OP I 1 Includes combined elementary high school libraries. . 2 Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 47 ^roi-eo^-r0 ; ' 1 O ^ rH r i *oo iSssgftS m SSSSSSS § 899 209 490 985 672 392 317 983 564 953 800 000 382 700 950 931 244 977 699 142 rH r-T rH~ r7 ^ rH-rJ HH rH' rHrHrH HHINH HrH* rH rH- SSSS383 1 : is ssassss 1 lisississ 271 600 125 429 600 330 263 998 038 048 545 rHrHrHrHrH-rH Ncfeoec efetf * ■ — 1 Nhht-ihNh ^h IM hN^Nhh Number of' Central¬ ized Libraries, by Size 5,000 vol¬ umes or more <30 1-H | InlNr 1 1 H H CM ! ! rH ! ! •I II ' '1 II II II 1 ' II 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes IH i-H 1 l 1 l l III1 l 1 l 1 l , 1 l 1 1 , l l 1 1 , 1 l 1 1 , CM rH rH 1, 000- 2,999 vol¬ umes ! *° • i-i CM l CO r- 1 1 H l CO 1 CO Tt* ! I ,-H '' II 'I II I' II 1 ' II 1 1 l Fewer than 1,000 vol¬ umes »o M* H 1 l 1 ' It II ''ll 11 11 I'll II 11 ' 1 1 1 II 11 i:il II l l ' 1 l 1 II || 1 1 to | Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 Highi schools 1,108 260 186 200 148 215 ?lll ! Ele¬ men¬ tary schools e* 1,676 200 ' 1 1 1 O O 1 if 1 O O l : O ICO CO 1 1 1 1 1 3 ill il i i ' ' II ' 1 II ' ' ll 009 Total ** sill isi-lii ii «s“gsi i 15, 621 11,893 3, 878 3, 300 12, 226 4, 209 12, 500 1,849 8,134 4, 278 3, 473 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools ® 41, 338 4, 500 ! § Jo 1 ' <£ 1 cm 0 1 1 a 1 CM CM~ 1 lr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! ill §1 Mi r 1 cTr-T III • III ' III i ii t 1 • *-H i rH CO *C f lggsillslslslgl8SllSSII55sl$8iill lag I . o I CN I nco • • 1 O i i O i N > i h O • i 1 CS §1 °S» 1 IggsllSslslIIISgsillSSisSgllssgii Sis« |lg 9 NH >» ISsisIlllslRsalasIsSSlIslsIllsisl § Sis 1 to t-r o' CO oT •* CO t-~ to u$ 05- 00 r-~ of - *Q 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 i 11 i j , ; ; icct>rrtcfco c4'c'fso-»j<'t'-ftd'»o cfofao t-f®rT^',4'Tj'''oi of'cTto ofTjTtXcfctf wt-fs 1 Sis 111 io t-To^)oooceo«o®50t-cot-^'^<» hVh rf nh -r-r-r^r * ~~ j; sSal§llilslllls»SllsslS§g2gl3s5g| I 111 SSSs llsSilSillsRlsslIEIllIslilllsilll I IIS 111 ^ HH rt o ft”" IVET2 W OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 sssia §s is8i si rH rH Nrt rH rH NH H i rH rH j 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes rH S’"1 ^ ^ S i rH i (NHH ! ! - 1 CO t »— I 1 ' C^l 1 1 1 III 1 Ol III 1 III ^ i i Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 High i schools assag i8 sssssis linn Ele¬ men¬ tary schools e© II O O l 1 l 05 O j ; ss ; ; 827 1,000 125 562 Total w asaas ii sssssgs asggss rH rHrH rH* Number of volumes at end of year High i schools 10, 121 4, 986 4,231 5, 741 4, 675 6, 276 2, 740 10, 965 5,029 5, 728 8, 439 7,991 6,626 913 12,903 12, 500 4,659 7,837 7,907 8, 880 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools o 969 2, 249 4, 029 4, 161 5,200 15, 627 9, 000 3, 034 7, 488 Total 05 10, 121 4,986 4,231 6, 710 4, 675 8, 525 6, 769 10, 965 5,029 5, 728 12, 600 13, 191 6, 626 913 28,530 21, 500 4, 659 10, 871 15, 395 8,880 Number of schools with centralized libraries s to a oo CO rH NMHNNN Ele¬ men¬ tary l ill i CO H i i iWN i iii i iii i iii i iii • ' CO rH *i -<*i r- to co»o c» to o co »o cocot^oo*®-^ Enrollment High 1 school ISsSl SI ilSslll liSssI rH- rH- rH- N HH if 11 11 J.t 12 Rapid City.. . . . Watertown _ Tennessee Bristol . Cleveland . . Texas Abilene.. . Borger _ _ _ Cleburne.. . Corsicana . . . Denison . . Denton . Greenville . . Highland Park (P. 0. Dallas) . . . Longview _ McAllen . Palestine . Sherman Sweetwater _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES! 51 ii § i g$g assssss ssssiasisiissi a NH of rfofrH OfofwCOOfrHtC h^HHM-hV NrHVNCOH rH* i i i i : i 03 2 li l 4 1 4 8 hh ® ! rH eo*co'®'®*03'^f®^ CO coco C* NNN NCOHHCOH^ iHCCMhmhhhhhNNmh -* 1^ >o hhN 8 4 2 11 1 9 II III II I rH i CO CO 1 1 I H CO CO ICO 1 I H 1 III i 1 II III II II III II CO CO NNN 2 3 1 3 1 4 HCONHMHNHHHMNCOH 03 hJ oo CO tH iO 8 12 4 4 11 7 9 •"^rHTrco®®Trco©oo©o:®co CO 11 1 § 111 SsSllls iigiisii§ssni 1 rfrH* rH HH r-T of r-f CO r-f CO* of Of rH* Of of Of i§ § 8 8s§ ialllll BsIsSsIlISlSIl »o CO fin of rH“ rH Of ofTjrrHMioofeo CO HH rH* rHOfofrH rH §s i 1 SSI SIsIIls sissSiliSslils § TX*©f eo* CO eO'rHCO ec®ofHf03'co(C HH*®-rH-rHC0*0frHrH'0f^*Hirnfrr*Of of dudes combined elementaty high school libraries. 16 Volumes for 1 combined elementary-high were not reported, dudes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. Table 13. — Enrollment , total number of schools and number with centralized libraries , and expenditures for hooks and periodicals, 1947-48— Continued Group IV. — Cities of 2,500 to 9,999 Population 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 6-4 8 0*00® 0^0*0 H o < CM ^ TP ^ lO » its i M-3 3. 3 'S' 03 :§oa 03 CIO (S 3 P’ - w 3C O be o Hi . _ & ogbo Ma-’S 3 cS •75 e >> N*OiO^»C lONC^iOCO 0005NH *C CM CM CO CM igb§ ws3-g co o o ® t- CO co CO tjTt-TcO . Tf ® *> I ® CO oo *o co ^ co 00 ® 05 ® »o" oo" ® *0 lO *0 *C CM *0 CO »0(N0)INH of co" of co" of to to to 00 CO CO rH CO HIOOO to H to co *o CO tONtOOO co COHHH r-H ® rH r-H O ® Tt< CO to co" to" of to'co' fe^.2 ^ Cd c3 B 2-b n g h wa- «a- §85 000*00 010^(N*0 05 TH CO co wa< CO to o to CO CO ^ !>• £8888 CONtOO lO ® CO oo OC5H 05 H 00 rH of CM" CM O CO ® o CO nhooo Tf CO HCON^ 00 ^ CO CO ® oo co CO ^ CM CM CO CM ® ® CO o CO 00 ^ CO rH CO CM CO 00 O >> 5 _ o 03 g &o g all’s 3 03 w .S CQ -a >> jg 2 S 83 fa l§ o K X) — H O ClW'^ ^ c« a 3 § >v3 g £ os 2 offlHa PQOOQfl o PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES !§s I is: S s 1 111 IS II IS csi' -i IN 1 Is S od V-o V 1 S ad V « o' ic of scci ; i i i i «»H — 1 HHN CM «-H CO - -rf CM r-H CO 1 CO CM it II • ii ii • ii ii • ii II 1 ~ !• <-< **i-l IMCC--I *-l hN'H CM Tj' r-H CO CO tO j-H • CO -9< NNM *1 O0»CCa°a Acs , “ i§ o | o§4! ^-IM ► rj o d o , ss I |g1 1 a^ 5 8 o ° o.tJ ,£} co’ S'o Is £5 > co CO o I t>- CO CO Soo igb§ w g5-g igbg wa^-g © a h W§5 l CO 1-H IH ocooo ooowoos *o ONN^OO CO IQ CO H CO H (M 05 ‘Q *0 C* CO i-H iQ »Q 05 CO TjT CsT^t-Tuo :: ioo • *■ W Q O *0 igg1 k a^ i>gb§ wg-’S rH lO 00 t>- 05 CO oo O CO lOtNOl iQ O O O iQ (M (M ^ O lOOOQOQ - *o 00 CO 00 00 i OQ i O co ! o ! 1 CO ^ 1 00 CO 1 1 CO ; 3 s ; > CO 00 O Tff 00 I H 00 OO N « CO ^ CO Ol , o , o OT .2 O 5qS >jo.Sf 3SW .SP ; -3 S M © ; g Wg-uSfiS . Cj © W p* 2oEw.s * i© iS!§ :w is . © .. 1 .. feg o ; +a g.2 > o - 3 g j>-£ 3 © c3 “T1£.0 ©Q-.2 £.2 g § a g^.2 | .2 30^^? o aPSQ'S g^£3P Ip O OQOPP H OOOOS P pa >>'o .S-a §m >> l.w) X P PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 55 8g 18888 883 883188888588 838888188 8358888 -T t— T rH~ r4V4W rH -T H CO ! CM r- • • CO HH iHr i ; -,^-1 j-h 1 1 1 2 1 2 i*-1 CO H I ’"‘tH -1 i^*-1 -1 ! 1 1 CM H ; i i ■ ■ i i i i i i i -1 ; H ; j ’-• > ■H HH H H H CM * -< CM CM CO • rH J hhh ; ; i-1 1m i rH I C O H ^ ; ; ^ ! ! cm «' 1 j^Hr-HrH j rtr- CM 63 15 325 inn is s§ aflisssisas 511§S1S !“®§Sgs 70 200 25 50 i i i § i{ 2 i i i £ : is Is is 58 isgssi 88515 S3 BlisslIllS H n't 650 231 150 145 1,068 100 1SII11S r s§ in csfcq ; ii 11 SllsialisSSl illsllssl sgslsls ig|§ ^Tec^-T si §iiii in sssssssssasi gasssssss imsii Tf*HHNMC«o> coNFeot>.NF<» o flfI S 3 0b 3 East Detroit . Grand Haven _ East Grand Rapids. . Manistee _ Marshall _ IIS SisslSS ,-T -T ~r-7 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 98311 888888888 SSS t-T ?-H t>» 57 8S§ SI SSS SSS18I3 58888 lOioV 00 U5'oO»o'l»od'o »i- iii i • ii i iii * i i i ' i i i i 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i l • l -h ; i 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Nhoco^ !h(N ,-H (N i-H > -1 : : : : 1 1 1 ' CO l H CO N i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • i i i i . 1 > 1 < 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiii ill) IIII 1 CO rH i i i i i i i i * i i • i i i «3 (N o' SI II ISO ISO isiiii, min hhhhhhin t-H i— i r-H i-H HHHH— HHH ; h -l HHH "" r ! CO CS '(NhCICON c^^H^HCOcocoeoeocc HCN cq-itora i i 1 i i !1 ill is issill i ; j jeo ;eoCict< 0 © CM © CM HfOOOO^O CO O 00 CO ^ IO (N CO CO rH H^COO CM CM rH rH CO rH CM Ele¬ men¬ tary schools 5 ICO 1 O O 1 i O i CO O 1 CM rH I l 00 CO CM i i © rH CO ' ' 1 1 CM i i S3 ; ; ! ! o i 1 ° Total w i-h co o cm o o cm in © ^ © ©co©©oooo t^o© ©CM©©©©© © T* © CM 00 CO rH 00 ^ © ©©GO © © © T* t* CO rH WNCO© CM IOHHCO H(NH Number of volumes at end of year High i schools 3 WOOO^OIOH © y*< In © © © © © N- © ©©© H CO © CO H 00 © 00 00 rH rH©©© CO CM © ^ CO © CM 00 © © rH CM TtiN^HOON i-h © © t^TTfooseNic^c^ r-i !>■' o cscotT'Ococo mcoh Ele¬ men¬ tary schools ® 1 1 • it* 1 rH © 1 1 CM 1 CO © 1 » rH 1 © rH 1 i © i ©t i— r i 1 1 1 3,622 1,015 1,793 © ! ! N- 1 1 T* l l . i © i i CO i i CM Total © CM CM ©©©© rH CM © N- © CM © © © N- © © © © rH © © © 00 rH 00 N©Q0H © T* 00 © © © CO CM T* © T* T* o CM 00 rH © T-H CM CMN00H00N rH © GO © CO CO T*" csT cm' © CM" IN ©" t*" co ^" <£> co" co" co co" cm" Number of schools with centralized libraries XI bfl 0 GO CM H CM H CM H H H H CM CM H H H CM H H HHH Ele¬ men¬ tary - i10 ^ ; CM CM i ! rH 1 1 CM ' i 1 1 . ' CO Schools s 0 CD CM rH CM iH CM rH rH H H CM CM H rH H CM H H rH rH rH Ele¬ men¬ tary © cq Tfl CO «£> rH rH CC Enrollment 1 High 1 school - © rH © © © © © © r* © © © iH © © CO CO © © © rH CM © 00 C © T* 00 00 © IN rH © © 00 H CO T* GO © IN In © CO t* © CM CO © CM T* rH CO © © © CM©© Ele¬ men¬ tary school eo ©^OCMHO© © © © T* lNY*rH©©rH IN © © © © © © t* © © © t* © CO GO Yf^ NO 02 H CO uO © © IN © T* T* 00 ''f 00 T* © H CO rH CO CO CO © T* iH © Total ©©©t^©©© © © © CO © © © CM t* ©©© rH CM © CO © © © CO CM H © C©CONH^ 00©© © T* rH 00 00 T* IN CM H GO T* 00 CM IN © © © © N- r— HHH H r-T co" rH CM" rH H rH City - Oklahoma Altus-_- _ - Cushing _ Frederick.. . . . Madill _ Mangum _ _ ... - Pauls Valley _ Oregon Dallas _ _ _ Grants Pass . ... - Pendleton _ _ Roseburg . . Pennsylvania Bridgeville _ _ East Pittsburgh _ East Stroudsburg. _ ... . Elizabethtown _ Fountain Hill (P. 0. Bethlehem).. _ Freeport. . . . Glassport.. _ .. .. §»RSsiSiiiisiii PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES § 111 ISil I lllil -T ~ ~ ~ §2sS§ll;glllllllS •O «5 rf c6 03 »C i-T CO U5 tC ro' ‘^N^Me o jy ft"-1 IVE1 O* OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 88SK£88;t8ggg2 38 ^NOOCONCOOONNOQCO CO ~ ~ i rH 03 • rH Librarians Half¬ time or less O N iHCOHH i 1 1 1 1 ! o^ • 1 03 rH 03 ! rH 1 1 ji-H rH CO j| -H j Full¬ time as WHHH !h !h ! rH ! 1 till t 11)1 1 till Numrer of Central¬ ized Libraries, by Size 5,000 vol¬ umes or more QO II II II II II II II II 1 J II H H 03 ! rH 1 1 1 II II II II II II 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes 1th ; 1^^^ i i till II till II 1, 000- 2,999 vol¬ umes 1th I i CO 1 l 1 1 l 1 1 rH 03 03 ! rH rH ! Fewer than 1,000 vol¬ umes rH i 03 i i i 1 III 1 ill 1th rH i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 High 1 schools 2 88S£8gg&2288KS!!28£8 :S?g 88 O 00 O CO rH 00 r- T rH* rf 1— f rHOfiH HH rH rHOf H City - Texas Ballinger _ _ Beeville _ _ Bonham _ ... Cisco _ _ Comanche. _ Commerce _ _ Electra ... _ Gatesville _ _ Kermit _ Look-hart. Marfa Navasota . . . Olney _ j i : i i li III Sonora.— . _ Sulphur Springs . __ Vernon. . Vermont Bennington Windsor . 05 Cl 05 CD tH d 10 *o OC CD OO Cl X' CD Cl Cl GO < Y 5 g a > X5 , g-S .g o fc'S > 00 *o DGOiO ocfr^ O o oo i-H 25 25 *o CO Cl *D CO C Q CO 05 CO c ip to »— I to ' PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES *00000 r- ci < -O CD ' 'rHCOD(N Cl HH(NH < CO OCCOOCC'O'f 0000*0— .0050 H H H d CO *0 r* 005CD*OX0050 o*or^oxr-o^H 0^050CDC10*0 TfH»C5rHCO^CO CO~ CO CO co~ oT '*f cT gg£gK£8g ■^COiODDCOr^oO CO rjT O CO" O TjT C5^iO(NC5NNN O^t^OJNOCOCl TfCOCDcO^^-^CO . 05 Cl CO CD CD *-H ) O^TfCC^ — < )TfN00»0ClO ^ w« ! 5.2 ^ o a CCS E o B ^ o a a S OWgq >» I c3 ism O 05 Cl ^ CO Cl *o CD X oo O CD o *o cTcf — < CO CO t- oo ^ >> ce^s s ms o tH £ - & - !D = rtS05o 83«fe .SuOrtg^S a ® a ^ s % g g 8 >».£ 3 o SS PQJSoStfOT^^ oo X C IhN CO 05 O -H cfiOOOO g2£S 'NCp !o8£2 r-TcsTd O — < Cl . SS3< *000 ‘ 388 443 400 800 30 200 i i i O ' O ' ' 00 i O i i i i i i i i 500 00 co O O O c^too CO ^ -*< *C 00 700 1, 982 15, 926 9. 264 8, 175 417 9,500 700 00 05--^ CCC1HO I-Tco cfco o o CO ^ cTcf >» >>q o£|3« o o «n = ea°. «3got G O 50 Si« j3,2 £<2 £ w © > £3 C3 Oc3 W^HCQC/J^ >» r 3 c s ^ O §o|i boo sissg 1^8 8 J?5 S <5 ft ^o a fc d , 2 P-i P o h5 C8 ft <8,® "S1? - O c >.2 ° c3 CQ d 03 >. If o | °o 0'S II S3 O tfSgg b|i° c«U s o nil 1 Includes combined elementary high school libraries. 2 Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. Table 13. — Enrollment , total number of schools and number with centralized libraries, and expenditures f or books and periodicals, 1947-48 — Continued County Systems — Continued 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 Expend¬ itures for books and period¬ icals 2 N rH h* CO T—t tO to OO rH oo GO OO O CO to 05 CD to h H OCOOCOO ^005 to rH ^ CO 00 ^ (n^coc^Tcn csfco' t-T cTn Librarians Half time or less ® N CO CO ^ CO C* CO O ^ i rH ! ! rH ! ! i ! i ! Number of Central¬ ized Libraries, by Size 5,000 vol¬ umes or more QO ^ j 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes - i i i 1 l rH 1 • HN-^OCO O CO co co OO 05 co 05 00 o 00 CO ^ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES < M 00 CO > iO Tt< tO > t*< co cm r co" of g?5 £gsgs CO CO 00 tO 1-H x tO i-i CO CO TfOOOCO OOCN ©Orf 00 of nSoSS OiO^NiO **t<" 00 of CO CO* CO r-H ^ ll OW £>, >>gd^ coi§^ §<0o o s 0.2 T)U o 'X 4>0 S 3 ^ S I x; o ■s * b o OOOfeP will isll “ifc2 « a * § OWSca § 3 S § ° SO oqO OOqO^ ^ a _, X3 o &S.S %-r "013 > ® O a « Ort PfeWMS >. si§ foS o-§3 flow; O O 53 includes combined elementary high school libraries. n'2 schools served by 1 library. * Includes expenditures for centralized and all other types of school libraries. 14 Includes binding. Table 13. — Enrollment , total number of schools and number with centralized libraries , and expenditures for books and periodicals , 1947-48 — Continued County Systems — Continued 68 BIENNIAL SUI 'S i irH i- - i i i i I 3, 000- 4,999 vol¬ umes CO i ii i i i CO CO 1 II 1 1 1 - 1,000- 2,999 vol¬ umes CD 1 1 N ICO rH to V— ( to to 1 to 1 1 1 1 I 1 ' 1 - Fewer than 1,000 vol¬ umes II II 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 CO 1 1 ft 1 1 1 1 l Book Stock in Centralized Libraries Added in 1947-48 High i schools a 2, 925 1,245 2, 415 159 1,768 1,050 300 355 491 2,000 1,100 400 312 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools to 1 CO ii i O i CO 1 1 1 ii i S lOO ' I Total d* 3,000 1,245 2, 531 159 1,768 1,050 800 355 1,327 2, 000 1,100 400 312 Number of volumes at end of year High 1 schools - 24, 034 8, 595 25, 231 1, 662 22, 299 9, 800 11,212 10, 015 16, 395 16, 993 18, 136 5, 310 10, 186 Ele¬ men¬ tary schools ® to i i-h i i i 05 i O i i N IrH ll 1 00 1 CO 1 1 tO i t'* i i i N i (N i i rH 1 Ol l» l CO 1 CO 1 l Total a* 25, 609 8, 595 37, 942 1,662 22, 299 9,800 18, 001 10, 015 22, 655 16, 993 18, 136 5, 310 10, 186 Number of schools with centralized libraries s fafl S QO 05 CO CO H CO 00 COtOCDtOOO toco Ele¬ men¬ tary 1 1 " r— 4 l 05 II 1 ^ l to l 1 l 3 a High1 CO a> cc o«oiooo »ccc 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary (NOOS C4 05 05 00 O tO rf* GO CO 1—1 CS ... , . IV. Number of schools with: (A) Centralized libraries only 3 (in individual schools) .. (B) Classroom collections only 7 . ... . . (C) Library materials borrowed only from nonschool agencies (such as public library 8 or State library) . (D) Library materials borrowed only from a central school library agency 9 of city or county school system . (. ...... . (E) Any combination of A, B, C, D . . . . . ...... . . (F) No library books from any source . c. ,.j .. ,. ... . „ . . (G) Total (number of schools in system) . . ... <*. ....... V. Total enrollment in schools with: (A) Centralized libraries only (in individual schools) . „> . . (B) Classroom collections only . (C) Library materials borrowed only from nonschool agencies (such as public library or State library) . (D) Library materials borrowed only from a central school library agency of city or county school system . . . (E) Any combination of A, B, C, D . (F) No library books from any source . . . . . (G) Total (enrollment of schools in system) . . . VI. Number of volumes:“ (A) Centralized libraries (in individual schools) : (1) As of June 30, 1947 . . . (2) Added in 1947-18 . ........ . (3) Withdrawn in 1947-48 (discarded and lost) . . .. . . (4) Total number of volumes (add lines 1 and 2 minus line 3) . . . 16 — W590-1 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 73 (B) Classroom collections only: (1) As of June 30, 1047 . (2) Added in 1947-48 . . . . (3) Withdrawn in 1947-48 (discarded and lost) . (4) Total number of volumes (add lines 1 and 2 minus line 3) . . . (C) Central school library agency collections for the school system not counted in (A) or (B) : (1) As of June 30, 1947 . (2) Added in 1947-48 . . • . (3) Withdrawn in 1947-48 (discarded and lost) . (4) Total number of volumes (add lines 1 and 2 minus line 3) . . . (D) Total (should be the sum total of VI (A) + (B) + (C)) . VII. Number of centralized libraries by size (in individual schools) : (A) Less than 999 volumes . (B) 1,000-2,999 volumes . (C) 3,000-4,999 volumes . (D) 5,000 volumes or more . (E) Total (should check with IV (A)) . . VIII. Number of schools offering group instruction body . . . n library usage to the student Audio-Visual aids stock: (A) Total number of the following audio-visual aids administered by centralized libraries in individual schools: (1) Mounted still pictures and photographs . (2) Slides and/or filmstrips . (3) Motion picture films . . (4) Phonograph records (78 r. p. m.) . . . . . .(5) Transcription-type recordings (33)4 r. p. m.) . (B) Total number of the following audio-visual aids in central school library agency collections of the city or county school system not counted in IX (A) above: Mounted still pictures and photographs Slides and/or filmstrips . Motion picture films . . . . Phonograph records (78 r. p. m.) . . . (5) Transcription-type recordings (33)4 r. p. m.) X. Control (Item IV (A) — Centralized libraries only) : (A) Number controlled by a school board (or other group of school officials) . . . (B) Number, controlled by a public library board . . „ . JC) N umber controlled by a combination of school board (or group of school officials) and public library board (D) Total (should check with Item IV (A)) . XI. Number of centralized libraries reported in Item IV (A) which are used by the community as public libraries for adults and/or children . - . - _ XTT. Number of centralized libraries reported in Item IV (A) which are open to children for summer vacation reading . ' _ _ FOOTNOTES ■ Junior high school housed with elementary school Indudod here, r AU types, Including separate Junior high school. > Enter librarians serving in more than one school under one school type only. Do not Include library supervisors and assistant supervisors or library directors and assistant directors here. Enter at top of form. Enter number of schools served by librarians in III (B). • A full-time librarian Is one who devotes all of the time during a school day to library service. • A semester hour Is defined as the equivalent of one recitation per week for a semester (18 weeks). If credits are In term or quarter hours, transpose them to semester hours by multiplying by %. • Centralised library Is one administered as a unit and usually located in one place. It makes books available to all the pupils and- teachers of the school. (Include here schools served by centralized libraries but which have kindergartens and lower elementary grades served by classroom collections only.) *A classroom collection Is a group of library books permanently housed in a single classroom and not administered from a centralised library. •A public library Is one which provides free library service of a general nature to the people of Its community. • A central school library agency Is one administered as a unit and usually located in one place. It is designed to make books available to all the pupils and teachers of the school system, city, or county. Materials centers and curriculum laboratories administered through the library should be Included here. » A volume Is any printed work, bound or unbound, which has been recorded or cataloged and made available for library use. Do not count sets of textbooks and sets of supplementary readers. 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1946-48 List of Other Publications of the Office of Education Containing Statistics on School Libraries Commissioner of education. Annual reports, 1870 to 1886-87; 1892-93; 1895- 96; 1899-1900; 1903. 21 v. Data for school libraries are contained in the tables for libraries in the following annual reports: 1870, Table XVII; 1871, Table XIV; 1872, Table XIV; 1873, Tables XV and XVI; 1874, Tables XVI and XVII; 1875, Table XVI; 1876, Table XVI; 1877, Table XVI; 1878, Table XVI; 1879, Table XVI; 1880, Table XVI; 1881, Table XVI; 1882-83, Table XVI; 1883-84, Table XVI; 1884-85, Table XVI (Reprinted with additions, 1886); 1885-86, Table 88; 1886-87, Tables 101 and 102; 1892-93, V. I., Table, p. 756-63; 1895-96, V. I., Table, p. 370-521 (Reprinted 1897); 1899-1900, V. I., Table, p. 946-1165 (Reprinted 1901 and 1903); 1903, V. I., Table p. 780-1017 (Reprinted 1904). General statistics of all public libraries in the United States. In Public libraries i in the United States of America. Special report, Chap. XXXIX, p. 1110-1174. 1876. Statistics of public libraries in the United States and Canada [1891]. Western Flint. Circular of information, 1893, No. 7. 213 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1908. (Bulletin 1909, No. 5.) 214 p. Public, society, and school libraries [1913], (Bulletin 1915, No. 25.) 257 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1923. (Bulletin 1926, No. 9.) 179 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1929. (Bulletin 1930, No. 37.) 365 p. Biennial survey of education, 1916-18. Vol. 4. In its Statistics of public high schools, 1917-18, Chap. II, p. 185-187 (Bulletin 1919, No. 91). Biennial surveys for succeeding years containing library data in their statistical reports of public high schools follow: 1920-22, Vol. 2, Chap. VI, Table 1, p. 534 (Bulletin 1924, No. 14); 1922-24, Chap. XXIV, Table 1, p. 800 (Bulletin 1926, No. 23); 1924-26, Chap. XXIII, p. 1046-47 (Bulletin 1928, No. 25); 1926-28, Chap. XXIV, Table 57, p. 1055 (Bulletin 1930, No. 16); 1928-30, Vol. II, Chap. VI, p. 695 (Bulletin 1931, No. 20); 1932-34, Chap. V, p. 15 (Bulletin 1935, No. 2); 1934-35, Vol. II, Chap. V. (Bulletin 1937, No. 2); 1941-42, Vol. II, Chap. VIII (Vol. 1938-40 and 1940-42). O INDEX A Additions to buildings, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84-85 Administration, expenditures : City school systems, 3 : 12-13 ; higher institutions, 4 : 46-47, 50-51 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 108 ; State school systems, 2 : 78-79 Administration, research, and services by the Office of Education, 1 : 46 Administrative units : Elementary and sec¬ ondary grades, number, 1 : 1, 18-19 ; 2 : 2-3 ; intermediate and ultimate or basic units, State school systems, 2 : 32-33 ; Negro schools, number, 2 : 102 Adult education : City school systems, 3 : 16, 20 ; State school systems, 2 : 52-53 Aggregate daily attendance, public day schools, city school systems, 3 : 18-23 Aggregate days attended, full-time day schools, 2 : 56-57 ; 3 : 24-85 Agricultural education : Federal funds, 1:46; federally aided classes, enrollment, 1 : 48 Agricultural experiment stations, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Agricultural extension service, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Agriculture : Enrollment in federally aided classes, 1:48; undergraduate and grad¬ uate enrollment, 4 : 78-79 Agriculture and mechanic arts, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Aid to private schools 'for Negroes, auxiliary services, current expenditures, 2 : 108 Alaskan natives, Federal funds for schools, 1 : 46 All-day vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 48 Americanization, night, and continuation schools, city schol systems, 3 : 16 Annual expenditures for education : Per pupil in average daily attendance, 1 : 30— 31 : State school systems, 2 : 88 Annuity funds, higher institutions, 1 : 47, 4 : 53, 88-89, 100-105 Architecture, undergraduate and graduate enrollment, 4 : 78-79 Arts and Sciences : Resident College enroll¬ ment, 1:34; undergraduate and graduate enrollment, 4 : 78-79 Attendance : Public-school systems, 3 : 24— 85 ; white and Negro schools, 1:41; 2 : 107 Attendance and personnel : City school sys¬ tems, 3 : 18-23 ; State school systems, 2 : 32-33 Attendance and school term, public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools for Negroes, 2 : 27-28 Audio-visual aids, expenditures : Higher in¬ stitutions, 6 : 17, 20-21 ; school libraries, 8 : 6-7 Austria, international pupil correspondence, 1 : 14 Auxiliary enterprises and activities, insti¬ tutions of higher education, 4 : 43, 48-51 ; 86-87 Auxiliary services, expenditures : City school systems, 3 : 11-13 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 108 ; State school systems, 2 : 80-81 Average annual salaries : Public-school teachers, 1 : 13, 30-31, 33 ; State school systems, 2 : 4-7 Average daily attendance : City school sys¬ tems, 3 : 4—5, 24—85 ; State school systems, 1 : 5, 32 ; 2 : 7-14, 30-31, 56-59, 98, 106, 109 Average enrollment per school, nonpublic secondary schools, 7 : 3-4 Average expenditures, white and Negro schools, 1 : 41 Average length of school term : Full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 12, 60-61 ; Negro public schools, 2 :106 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 8, 41 Average membership, full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, 2 : 56— 57 Average number of days attended : Full¬ time public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 28-29 ; 2 : 12 ; 3 : 18-23 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 8, 41 Average number of days in session, public elementary and secondary school systems, 1 : 33 Average pupil-teacher load : Nonpublic sec¬ ondary schools, 7:3; white and Negro schools, 1 : 8 Average salary of teachers, 1 : 49 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 8, 41 Average value of school property, State school systems, 2 : 91 B Bachelor’s degrees, number granted, 1 : 26, 34, 48 ; 4 : 8, 26, 28, 55, 57, 60-65 Badger, Henry G., and others: Statistics of Higher Education, 1947-48, 4 : 1-105 Balance on hand, State school systems, 2 : 70 Basis or ultimate administrative units con¬ taining Negro schools, number, 2 : 102 Beust, Nora E., and others: Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1947-48, 8 : 1-74 Biennial increases in income for education, by source, 1 : 44 Binding, expenditures, higher institutions, 6 : 17, 20-21 Blind : Residential schools, 5 : 11 ; special schools and classes : enrollment and staff, 5 : 20-21, 24-25, 28-29, 32-33, 36-37, 40- 41, 44-45, 48-49, 52-53, 56-57, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73 Blind and partially seeing : Residential schools, enrollment, number, and staff, 5:13; special schools and classes, en¬ rollments, 5 : 12-15 ; historical summary, 5:10: number, 5:13; staff, 5 : 13. 14-15 Blose, David T.. and others: Statistics of State School Systems, 1947-48, 2 : 1-117 ; and Foster, Emery M. : Statistical Sum¬ mary of Education, 1947-48, 1 : 1-50 Boards of education, staff, by State, 2 : 32-33 Bonded indebtedness : City school systems, 3 : 14—15 ; State school systems, 2 : 94-95 Bonds and sinking funds, city school systems, 3 : 23 Bonds outstanding, public-school systems, 3 : 24-85 Book circulation, higher institutions, 6 : 6-9, 16, 20-21 Book stock : Centralized libraries, 8 : 10-27 ; higher institutions, 6 : 4-6, 20-45 Book values of physical plant, higher institu¬ tions, 4 : 100-105 Books, pamphlets, newspapers, binding and rebinding, school libraries, expenditures, 8 : 6-7 Books and other supplies for the blind, Fed¬ eral funds, 1 : 46 Books and periodicals, higher institutions, expenditures, 6:17, 20-21 Buildings, public elementary and secondary schools, State school systems, cost value, 2 : 90, 91 Busses, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84-85 1 2 INDEX C . Cafeteria workers, number, public schools, 2 : 40-41, 101 Canada, teacher exchange, 1 : 14 Canal Zone Junior College: Instructional staff, enrollment, and degrees, 1 : 48 Capital funds, institutions of higher educa¬ tion, value, 8 : 49, 52-53 Capital outlay : City school systems, 3:11- 12, 14-16 ; libraries, higher institutions, 6 : 17, 20—45 ; Negro public schools, ex¬ penditures, 3 : 109 ; public schools, 1 : 30- 31 ; 3 : 24-85 ; State school systems, 2 : 23- 24, 84-85, 94-95 Carpenters, painters, etc., number, public schools, 2 : 40-41, 101 Carr, Margaret J. S., and others: Statistics of Higher Education, 1947-48 ; 4 : 1-105 Catholic schools: Number of schools, teach¬ ers, and pupils, 2 : 116-117 ; 7 : 10-11 Centralized libraries : Number, 8 : 10-68 ; percentage distribution by educational level, 8:7; trends, 8 : 3-5 Chief State school officers and professional staff, 2 : 36-37 Circulation of books, libraries, higher insti¬ tutions, 6 : 8-9, 16, 22-45 City school district, bonded indebtedness and capital outlay, 3 : 14-15 City school systems : Number, 1:15; special schools and classes for exceptional chil¬ dren, 5 : 1-2, 5-8, 10 ; statistics, 3 : 1-85 City universities, colleges, and professional schools, comparative summary of person¬ nel, 3 : 19 Civilian population, percent enrolled in pub¬ licly and privately controlled day schools and colleges, 1 : 23 Classification of city school systems, 3 : 1-2 Classification of libraries, by size of place, 8 : 2 Clerical assistants : Full-time public elemen¬ tary and secondary day schools, 2 : 38-39 ; 3 : 24—85 ; Negro public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 99 ; State school systems, 2 : 32-33, 36-37, 78-79 College enrollment and population, 1 : 36 Colleges : Graduates, number, 1 : 4, 26, 36, 42-43 ; libraries, number, 1 : 15 Colleges, universities, and professional schools : Expenditures, 1 : 45 ; number, 1 : 16-17; libraries, 6: 14, 16-19 Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Combination schools, percent served by cen¬ tralized libraries, 8 : 4-5 Commercial schools, private, number, 1 : 15 Community services, State school systems, current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 Comparative data on attendance and expen¬ ditures, white and Negro schools, 1 : 41 Compulsory school attendance, 1 : 13-14 Consolidation of schools, summary, 1 : 2 Contributions from public sources, higher institutions, 4 : 40-41 Correspondence and extension courses. higher institutions, enrollment, 1 : 12, 48 Cost of physical property, 1 : 11, 30-31, 47 ; 2 : 90 County and local taxes and appropriations, public elementary and secondary school systems, 1 : 32 County governments, revenue, city school systems, 3 : 9-10 County normal schools, growth and decline, 4 : 6-7 County school systems, number, 1 : 35 Coverage of city school systems, 3 : 2 Crippled : Home and hospital instruction, enrollment, 5 : 18-19, 76-82 ; residential schools , enrollment, number, and staff, 5 : 13 ; special schools and classes ; Enroll¬ ment, number, and staff, 5 : 12-15, 20—21, 24- 25, 28-29, 32-33, 36-37, 40-41, 44-45, 48-49, 52-53, 56-57, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73 ; historical summary, 5 : 10 Current expenditures : City school systems,, 3 : 11-13 ; full-time day schools, 3 : 24— 85 ; higher institutions, 4 : 46-51, 92-97 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 108 ; per pupil in average daily attendance, 1 : 45 ; per pupil, city school systems, 3 : 13-14 ; public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 30-31 ; State school systems, 2 : 68-69r 78-83 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 8, 41 Current income : Higher institutions, 2 : 27, 33-39, 82-87 Current receipts per capita of total popula¬ tion, higher institutions, 4 : 32-33 Custodial employees, number, public schools,. 2 : 40-41 D Daily expenditures : Negro public schools, 2 : 109 ; State school systems, 2 : 88, 89 Day-unit vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 48 Deaf : Residential schools, enrollment, 5 : 11 ; special schools and classes, enrollment and staff, 5 : 20-21, 24-25, 28-29, 32-37, 40-41, 44-45, 48-49, 52-53, 56-57, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73 Deaf and hard-of-hearing : Residential schools : Enrollment, number and staff, 5 : 13 ; special schools and classes, enrollment, 5: 12, 14-15; historical summary, 5 : 10 ; number, 5 : 13 ; staff, 5 : 13, 14-15 Debt funds, State school systems, 2 : 92 Debt retirement, State school systems, 2 : 86-87 Debt services: City school systems, 3 : 11- 12 ; Negro public schools, expenditures, 2 : 109 Degrees granted, higher institutions, num¬ ber, 1 : 12, 26, 34, 48 ; 4 : 8-9, 23, 26, 28-29, 45, 55, 60-65 Delicate : Home and “ hospital instruction , enrollment, 5 : 18—19, 76—82 ; residential schools: Enrollment, number and staff, 5 : 13 ; special schools and classes: Enroll¬ ment and staff, 5 : 13, 16—17, 22—23, 26-27, 30-31, 34-35, 38-39, 42-43, 46-47, 50-51, 54-55, 58-59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75;. historical summary, 5 : 10 ; number, 5 : 13 ; staff, 5 : 13, 16-17 Delinquent, residential schools, 5:11 Dental hygienists, number, public schools, 2 : 40-41, 101 Dentistry : Undergraduate and graduate en¬ rollment, 4 : 78-79 Dentists, number, public schools, 2 : 40-41, 101 Distribution of expenditures, city school sys¬ tems, 3 : 11-13 Distributive education, Federal funds, 1 : 46, 48 District of Columbia, public schools, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Doctor’s degrees, number granted, 1 : 26, 34 ; 4 : 26, 29, 55, 57, 60-65 Dunbar, Ralph M., and others: Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1947—48, 8 : 1-74 E Earned degrees conferred, number, 4 : 57 Education a “Big Business,” 2 : 26—27 Elementary and secondary schools — non¬ public: Enrollment, 1:3; number, 1:15; sources of income, 1 : 44 ; teachers and enrollment, 2:29; public: Finance, 1 : 30— 31; 2:15-27; length of school term, at¬ tendance and enrollments, ratios, 1 : 28- 29 ; men teachers, percent, 2 : 42-43 ; Negroes, statistics, 2 : 98-100, 103-104, 110 ; receipts from taxation and appropri¬ ations, 1:45; retirement funds, 1 : 50 ; State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 88 ; statistics, 1 : 32-33 ; 2 : 1-117 Elementary schools : Administrative units, number, 1 : 18—19 ; attendance, 2 : 56—61 ; Catholic, number of schools, teachers, and- pupils, 2 : 116—117 ; centralized libraries,. 8 : 7—68 ; enrollment, 1 : 2-3, 21-24 ; 2 : INDEX 3 46-51, 54-55 ; expenditures, 1:45; home and hospital instruction, exceptional chil¬ dren, 5 : 18—19, 76-82 ; instructional staff and clerical assistants, 2 : 38-39 ; libraries, number, 8 : 10-27 ; Negro enrollment, 1 : 40 ; nonpublic, number, 1 : 16-17 ; number, 1 : 16-17 ; personnel, 3 : 18-19 Elementary schools and kindergartens, non¬ public ; Enrollment, 2 : 113-114 ; teachers, number employed, 2 : 111-112 Employees, Negro public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 2 : 101 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds, higher institutions, 6 : 55, 100-105 Endowments, higher institutions, 4 : 36-38, 41, 53, 82-87, 100-105 Engineering, undergraduate and graduate enrollment, 4 : 78-79 Enrollment : Adult and part-time education, city school systems, 3:16; Catholic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 2 : 116— 117 ; Catholic secondary schools, 7 : 10-11 ; city school systems, 3 : 2-3 ; elementary and secondary schools, 8 : 28-68 ; elemen¬ tary schools, 1:23; exceptional children, special schools and classes,*5 : 12 ; federally aided vocational classes, 1:48; full-time day schools, 1 : 2-3, 21-22 ; 2 : 44-51 ; 3:24-85; higher institutions, 4:72-77; home and hospital instruction, 5 : 18-19, 76-82 ; junior colleges, 1:37; Negro pub¬ lic elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 40 ; 2 : 27, 103-105 ; nonpublic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 2 : 29 ; nonpublic schools, 2 : 113-114 ; nonpublic secondary schools, 4 : 6-7 ; 7:2, 8-10 ; 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools, State school systems, 2 : 62-63 ; per teacher ; State school systems, 1:5; public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 24, 28-29, 32 ; 2 : 7-13, 30-31, 98 ; 3 : 18-23 ; public high schools, 1 : 39 ; residential schools for exceptional children, 5 : 11 ; secondary schools, 1:5, 25 ; special schools and classes, city school systems, 5 : 5—8, 10 ; summer schools, 1 : 37 ; 2 : 52-53 ; 3 : 17 ; white and Negro public schools, 2 : 107 Epileptics : Home instruction, enrollment, 5 : 18-19, 76-82; residential schools, 5: 11, 13 ; special schools and classes, enroll¬ ment, 5 : 12, 16-17 ; enrollment and staff, 5 : 22-23, 26-27, 30-31, 34-35, 38-39, 42- 43, 46-47, 50-51, 54-55, 58-59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75; historical summary, 5 : 10 ; number, 5 : 13 ; staff, 5 : 13, 16-17 Equipment : School libraries, expenditures, 8 : 6-7 ; State school systems, expendi¬ tures, 2 : 84-85, 90, 91 Evaluation of credentials, 1 : 14 Evening schools, vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 48 Exceptional children : Residential schools, number, 1 : 15, 16-17 ; special schools and classes, 5 : 1-82 Expenditures Centralized libraries, 8 : 10- 68 ; city school systems, 3 : 7-9, 11-16, 21-22 ; federally aided vocational classes, 1 : 48 ; higher institutions, 1 : 35 ; 4 : 8, 45-49, 52, 59-99 ; 6 : 9-11, 22-45 ; library service, 8 : 6-9 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 28, 109 ; per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, 1 : 30-31 ; public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 10, 32, 45 ; 2 : 17, 30- 31, 86-89 ; State school systems, 2 : 20-27, 84-85 ; summer schools, 2 : 52-53 ; 3 : 17, vocational rehabilitation, 1 : 50 Extended school services, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Extension courses, higher institutions, 1 : 37 ; 4 : 48, 50-51 F Faculty, higher institutions, 4 : 56-57, 60-65 Farr, Maude, and others: Statistics of Higher Education, 1947-48, 4 : 1-105 Federal expenditures for education, 1 : 11, 46 Federal Government : Revenue receipts — ■ City school systems, 3 : 9-10 ; higher insti¬ tutions, 4 : 82-87 ; State school systems, 2 : 76-77 Federal oil and mineral royalties, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Federal schools for Indians, 1 : 21, 38, 45-46 Federally aided vocational classes : Enroll¬ ment, 1 : 48 ; growth, 1 : 11-12 Finances : Higher institutions, 1 : 7 ; 4 : 55 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 28 ; public ele¬ mentary and secondary education, 1 : 30— 31 ; 2 : 15-27, 30-31 Fiscal data, city school systems, 3 : 18-23 Fixed charges : City school systems, 3 : 11— 12 ; Negro public schools, expenditures, 2 : 109 ; State school systems, current expen¬ ditures, 2 : 82-83 Foster, Emery M., and Blose, David T. : Sta¬ tistical Summary of Education, 1947-48 ; 1 : 1-50 ; and Mishoff, Willard O. : Statis¬ tics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1946-47, 6 : 1-49 ; and Smith, Rose Marie : Statistics of Nonpublic Sec¬ ondary Schools, 1947-48, 7 : 1-11 ; and others: Statistics of City School Systems, 1947-48, 3 : 1-85 ; Statistics of Higher Education, 1947-48, 4 : 1-105 ; Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1947-48, 8 : I- 74; Statistics of State School Systems, 1947-48, 2 : 1-117 4-year high schools, nonpublic, statistics, 7 : 2 France, teacher exchange, 1 : 14 Free textbooks, State school systems, expen¬ ditures, 2 : 78-79 Fuel, light, power, etc. : Expenditures, Negro public schools, 2 : 108 ; State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 80-81 Full-time day schools : City school systems, expenditures, 3 : 21 ; public, 2 : 14, 30-31, 38-39, 44-51, 54-55, 58-61 ; public and private, 1 : 2-3, 21-22 ; State school sys¬ tems, current expenditures, 2 : 82-83 Full-time equivalent of instructional staff, higher institutions, outlying parts of the United States, 1 : 48 Fund and plant values, higher institutions, 4 : 49-50, 52-53 Funds functioning as endowments, higher institutions, 4 : 88-89, 100-105 Future Farmers of America, activities, 1 : II- 12 G General control, expenditures, city school systems, 3 : 11-12 Germany, instructional pupil correspond¬ ence, 1 : 14 Gifts and grants for nonexpendable funds, higher institutions, 4 : 44-45, 88-89 Gifts for education, 1 : 10, 44 Grade distribution of pupils, nonpublic sec¬ ondary schools, 7 : 4, 8 Graduates ; Higher institutions, 1 : 42-43, 4 : 8-9, 14, 42-81 ; nonpublic secondary schools, 7 : 4, 6-8 ; 8 : 9 ; public secondary schools, 2 : 13. 52-53 ; public secondary schools for Negroes, 1 : 40 ; 2 : 98-105 ; secondary schools, number, 1 : 43 ; sec¬ ondary schools and colleges, 1 : 3-4, 26 Great Britain, teacher exchange, 1 : 14 Gucwa, Anne D., and others: Statistics of State School Systems, 1947-48, 2 : 1-117 H Hard-of-hearing, special schools and classes, enrollment and staff, 5 : 20-21, 24-25, 28-29, 32-33, 36-37, 40-41, 44-45, 48-49, 52-53, 56-57, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73 Harris, Catherine, and others: Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Excep¬ tional Children, 1947-48, 5: 1-82 Health : Employees, number, public schools, 2 : 40-41 ; promotion, Negro public schools, current expenditures, 2 : 108 ; services, State school systems, current expendi¬ tures, 2 : 80-81 4 INDEX Herlihy, Lester B., and others: Statistics of City School Systems, 1947—48, 3 : 1—85 High schools : Centralized libraries, 8 : 4-5 ; degrees granted, Negroes, 1 : 9 ; enroll¬ ments, 1 : 3, 5 ; 2 : 9-11 ; graduates, 1 : 3-4, 26-27, 43 : growth, 1 : 39. See also Secondary schools Higher institutions : Enrollment, 1 : 21-22, 37, 42 ; libraries, statistics, 1 : 12-13 ; 6 : I- 49 ; Negroes, survey of statistics, 4 : 7—9 ; number, 1 : 15, 38 ; 4 : 2-3 ; 6 : 14 outlying parts of the United States, 1 : 12, 48 ; physical property and value of funds, 1 : 47 ; staff, by type of work, 4 : 66—71 ; sources of income, 1 : 44 ; statis¬ tics, 4 : 1-105 ; enrollment, by classifi¬ cation and sex, 4 : 72-77 ; trends, 4 : 4-9. See also Universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools Historical summary : Higher institutions, 4 : 55 ; special schools and classes for ex¬ ceptional children, 5 : 10-11 Home and hospital instruction, exceptional children, 5 : 8 Home economics : Enrollment in federally aided classes, 1 : 46, 48 ; 4 : 78-79 Home instruction, exceptional children, 5 : 12, 18-19, 76-82 Home use, book circulation, libraries, higher institutions, 6 : 16 Honorary degrees, number granted, 1 : 34 Hospital instruction, exceptional children, enrollment, 5 : 12, 18-19, 76-82 Hours per week open for circulation, librar¬ ies, higher institutions, 6 : 8-10 Howard University, Federal funds, 1 : 46 I Improvement to buildings, State school sys¬ tems, expenditures, 2 : 84—85 Income : Higher institutions, 4 : 8, 26—27, 30—45, 55 ; public elementary and second¬ ary school systems, 1:32; publicly and privately controlled institutions, sources, 1 : 9-10, 44 ; 4 : 58 ; State school systems, 2 : 71-73 Indians, Federal schools, enrollment, 1 : 21, 45-46 Instruction : City school systems, expendi¬ tures, 3 : 12-13 ; full-time day schools, 3 : 24—85 ; Negro public schools, current ex¬ penditures, 2 : 108 ; nonpublic secondary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 7:9; State school systems, current expen¬ ditures, 2 : 78-79 Instructional staff : City school systems, sal¬ ary expenditures, 3 : 7—9 ; full-time day schools, 2 : 38-39 ; 3 : 24—85 ; higher insti¬ tutions, outlying parts of the United States, number, 1:48; Negro public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, 1 : 40 ; 2 : 28, 98—99 ; nonpublic secondary schools, 7 : 2, 6-7 ; public elementary and second¬ ary education 2 : 4-7 ; white and Negro, public schools, 2 : 107 Insurance and judgments, State school sys¬ tems, current expenditures, 2 : 82—83 Interest and bond accounts, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 93 Interest payments : City school systems, 3 : II- 12 ; Negro public schools, 2 ; 109 ; pub¬ lic elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 30-31 ; 2:25; State school systems, 2 : 24, 86-87 Interlibrary loans, higher institutions, 6 : 16 Intermediate administrative units, State school systems, 2 : 2-3, 32—33 International educational relations, 1 : 14 J Janitors, engineers, etc. : Negro public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, 2 : 101, 108 ; public schools, 2 : 40-41 Junior colleges : Book stock, number, etc., 6 : 14, 16-19 ; enrollment, 1 : 7, 21, 37 ; 4 : 6, 13-15, 25 ; finances, 4 : 36-37, 50-51, 58-59 ; growth, 1 : 39, number, by control, 4 : 2-3 ; plant expansion, 4 : 52, 91, 90 ; staff, 4 : 10-11, 56-57 Junior high schools, number, 1 : 8 Junior-senior high schools, number, 1:8; growth, 1 : 39 K Kindergarten and elementary schools, en¬ rollment, 2 : 50-51 Kindergartens : Enrollment, 1: 21-22 ; teachers, number, 1 : 38 L Laboratory equipment, furniture and fix¬ tures, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84-85 Land, buildings, and equipment, public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools and for institutions of higher education, value, 1:47 Land-grant colleges and universities, Fed¬ eral appropriations, 1 : 46 Law, undergraduate and graduate, enroll¬ ments, 4 : 78—79 Length of school term : Negro public schools, 2 : 106 ; public elementary and secondary day schools, 1 : 28-29 ; State school sys¬ tems, 1 : 4-5 ; white and Negro public schools, 2 : 107 Length of school year, city school systems, 3: 5-6, 18-23 Liabilities and disbursements, State school systems, 2 : 27 Librarians : Centralized libraries, 8 : 10—68 ; school, percent employed full time, 8 : 8 Libraries : Higher institutions, 1 : 12-13 ; 4 : 47, 50-51 ; 6 : 1-49 ; private and special, number, 1 : 15 ; public, number, 1 : 15 ; public-school, statistics, 8 : 1-74 ; school and college, number, 1 : 15 Library books, State school systems, expen¬ ditures, 2 : 84-85 Library service, expenditures, 8 : 6-7 Lind, Clarence G., and others: Statistics of City School Systems, 1947-48, 3 : 1-85 Loans and bond sales, State school systems, nonrevenue receipts, 2 : 74—75 Local government, income of higher institu¬ tions, 4 : 82-87 Local sources of revenue, city school systems, 3 : 10-11 Lunches, school. See School lunch program. M Maintenance : City school systems, 3 : 11—13 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 108 ; State school systems, 2 : 80-81 Martens, Elise H., and others: Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Excep¬ tional Children, 1947-48 ; 5 : 1-82 Master’s degrees, number granted, 1 : 26, 34, 48 ; 4 : 8, 26, 28, 55, 57, 60-65 Medicine, undergraduate and graduate en¬ rollment, 4 : 80-81 Men teachers : City school systems, 3 : 6-7 ; public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 42-43, 100 Mentally deficient : Residential schools, 5 : 11, 13 ; special schools and classes: En¬ rollment, 5 : 12, 16-17 ; enrollment and staff, 5 : 10 ; 5 : 22-23, 26-27, 30-31, 34- 35, 38-39, 42-43, 46-47, 50-51, 54-55, 58-59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75 ; num¬ ber, 5 : 13 ; staff, 5 : 13, 16-17 Mentally gifted : Residential schools, 5:2; special schools and classes: Enrollment* 5 : 12, 16-17 ; enrollment and staff, 5 : 13, 22-23, 26-27, 30-31, 34-35, 38-39, 42-43, 46-47, 50-51, 54-55, 58-59, 62-63, 66-67* 70-71, 74-75 ; historical summary, 5 : 10 ; number, 5 : 13 ; staff, 5 : 13, 16—17 INDEX 5 Mishoff, Willard O., and Foster, Emery M. : Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1946-47, 6 : 1-49 N National forest and grazing funds, 1 : 46 National Training School for Boys, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Negro and white schools : Cooperative data on attendance and average expenditures, 1 : 41 ; enrollment, 2 : 107 Negroes : Higher institutions, 1 : 42 ; 4 : 7-9 ; nonpublic secondary schools, 7 : 5, 8-9 ; public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 27-28, 98-101, 108, 110 New Farmers of America, activities, 1 : 12 Noncollegiate departments of colleges, num¬ ber of instructors, by sex, 1 : 38 Nonemergency funds for education, 1 : 46 Nonpublic schools : Enrollment, 1 : 3, 15 ; 2 : 113-114 ; number, 1 : 16-17 ; State school systems, current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 : teachers, 2 : 29, 111-112 Nonpublic secondary schools, statistics, 7 : 1-11 Nonrevenue receipts, State school systems, 2 : 74-75 Normal schools, county, growth and decline, 4: 6-7 Normal schools and teachers colleges, en¬ rollment, 1 : 21-22 ; number, 1 : 38 Nursery schools and kindergartens, city school systems, personnel and attendance, 3 : 18 Nurses, public-school, number, 2 : 40-41, 101 Nursing schools, number, 1 : 15-17, 21 ; 4 : 80-81 o Office of Education, Federal appropriations for education, 1 : 46 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools, State school systems, number, 2 : 62-63, 105 1 room 1-teacher schools, number, 2 : 15, 64-65 1-teacher schools, number, 1 : 17-19 ; 2 : 15, 62-63 Operating expenditures : City school systems, 3 : 11-13 ; higher institutions, 6 : 17, 18, 20-21 : State school systems, 2 : 36-37, 80-81, 108 Organized research, higher institutions, 4 : 48, 50-51 Outlays for new building sites and new equipment, State school systems, 2 : 86—87 P Panama Canal Zone, Federal funds for pub¬ lic schools, 1 : 46 Part-time, evening, and summer schools, number, 1 : 3 Part-time schools, city school systems, 3 : 11-12, 16, 22 Part-time vocational classes, federally aided, enrollment, 1 : 48 Partially seeing, special schools and classes, enrollment and staff, 5 : 20-21, 24-25, 28-29, 32-33, 36-37, 40-41, 44-45, 48-49, 52-53, 56-57, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73 Payment of bonds from current funds and sinking funds, State school systems, 2 : 86-87 Per capita cost : Public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 5, 33 ; State school systems, 2 : 89 Per capita income, higher institutions, 4 : 30-33 Per pupil expenditures, State and city school systems, 1 : 10-11 Permanent endowments, public elementary and secondary schools and for higher in¬ stitutions, value, 1 : 47 Permanent school funds, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 76-77, 92-93 Personnel : City school systems, 3 : 18-25 ; libraries, higher institutions, 6 : 11—12, 18 ; State, intermediate, and ultimate or basic units, 2:3; State offices of educa¬ tion, 2 : 36-37 Pharmacy, undergraduate and graduate, en¬ rollment, 4 : 80-81 Physical property ; Higher institutions, value, 1 : 47 ; 4 : 49, 52—53, 55 ; value of funds, 1 : 11 Physicians, number, public schools, 2 : 40-41, 101 Plant and plant funds, higher institutions, 4 : 100-105 Plant expansion, higher institutions, 4 : 49, 52, 99 Plant fund income, higher institutions, 4 : 44 Plant operation and maintenance, higher institutions, 4 : 47, 50-51 Polytechnic Institute of Puerto Rico, in¬ structional staff, enrollment, and degrees, 1 : 48 Population : 5-17 years of age, 2 : 54—55 ; 14— 17 years of age, 1 : 25 ; 18—21 years of age, 1 : 36 Population and student enrollment, higher institutions, 4 : 5-7, 21-23 Principals : City school systems, salaries, 3 : 7-9, 24-85 ; public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 38-39, 99 ; State school systems, salaries, 2 : 78—79 Private and parochial schools : Enrollment, 2 : 113—114 ; teachers employed, number, 2 : 111-112 Private and special libraries, number, 1 : 15 Private commercial and business colleges : Enrollment, 1 : 21-22 ; number, 1 : 15 ; teachers, number, 1 : 38 Private gifts and grants, higher institutions, 4 : 32-33, 36-37, 39, 41-42, 44-45, 58, 82-89 Private schools for Negroes and for auxil¬ iary services, current expenditures, 2 : 108 Privately controlled institutions : Enroll¬ ment, 1 : 21-22 ; expenditures, 1 : 45 ; sources of income, 1 : 44 Privately controlled higher institutions : Current expenditures, percentage analysis, 4 : 50-52, 96-97 ; current income, 4 : 36— 37, 50-51, 86-87 ; enrollment, 4 : 6, 12-15, 24—25, 76-77 ; expenditures, 4 : 99 ; fac¬ ulty, students, and degrees, 4 : 64-65 ; number, 1 : 16-17 ; 4 : 2-3 ; private gifts and grants to endowment and other non¬ expendable funds, 4 : 88-89 ; property, 4 : 104-105 ; receipts for plant expansion, 4 : 91 ; staff, by type of work, 4 : 70-71 Professional and technological schools : Book circulation, 6 : 16 ; book stock and num¬ ber, 6:14; expenditures, 6 : 17, 18 ; library personnel, 6 : 18, 19 Professional schools : Enrollments, 1 : 34 ; 4 : 78-79 Property, higher institutions, value, 1 : 35 ; 4 : 8, 59, 100-105 Public and nonpublic schools, enrollment, 1 : 2-3, 25 ; expenditures, 1 : 10 Public day schools, full-time, enrollment, 2 : 49 Public elementary and secondary education : Administrative organization, 2 : 1-117 ; average daily attendance, 2 : 14 ; average length of school terms and school attend¬ ance, 2 : 60-61 ; cost of physical property and value of funds, 1 : 47 ; enrollment, 1 : 24 ; 2 : 7-13, 44-45, 50-55 ; expenditures, 2 : 88 ; financial data, 1 : 30-31 ; 2 : 15- 27: for Negroes, 2: 27-28, 98-101, 103- 104, 110 ; instructional staff, 2 : 4-7 ; length of school term, 1 : 28—29 ; men teachers, percent, 2 : 42-43 ; receipts from taxation and appropriations, 1 : 45 ; re¬ tirement funds, 1 : 50 ; 2: 26 ; statistical summary, 1 : 32-33, 2 : 30-31 Public funds for education, 1 : 10, 44 Public high schools : Enrollment, 1:3; grad¬ uates, 2 : 13, 50-51 ; growth, 1 : 39 6 INDEX Public libraries : Current expenditures, 2 : 80—81 ; number, 1 : 15 Public property used for public elementary and secondary school programs, State school systems, cost value, 2 : 90 Public schools : District of Columbia, Federal funds, 1:46; health employees, number, 2 : 40-41 ; libraries, statistics, 8 : 1-74 ; number, 1 : 16-17 ; 2 : 64-65 ; Panama Canal Zone, Federal funds, 1 : 46 ; salaries of teachers, 1 : 18 Public secondary schools, number, 1:15 Public source of income, higher institutions, 4 : 40-41 Publicly and privately controlled education, expenditures, 1:45 , Publicly controlled higher institutions, cur¬ rent expenditures, 4 : 36-37, 50-51, 84-85, 94-95 ; enrollment, 4 : 12-15, 24-25, 74- 75 ; expenditures for plant expansion, 4 : 52, 99 ; faculty, students, and degrees, 4 : 62-63 ; number, 1 : 16-17 ; 4 : 2-3 ; pri¬ vate gifts and grants to endowments and other nonexpendable funds, 4 : 88-89 ; property, 4:102-103; receipts for plant expansion, 4 : 91 ; source of income, 1 : 44 ; staff, by type of work, 4 : 68-69 Publicly controlled junior colleges, enroll¬ ment, 4 : 6 Publicly controlled schools, full-time, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 21-22 Pupil correspondence, international, 1 : 14 Pupil-teacher ratio : City school systems, 3 : 4—5, 24—85 ; public elementary and second¬ ary schools, 2 : 15 ; summer schools, city school systems, 3 : 17 ; white and Negro elementary secondary schools, 1 : 41 Q Questionnaire, library statistics of higher institutions, 6 : 46-49 R Receipts : Higher institutions, 1:35; 4:8, 58, 91 ; public elementary and secondary education, 1 : 45 ; 2 : 15—17 ; State school systems, 2 : 18-20, 70, 72-75 Receipts and balances : City school systems, 3:20; State school systems, 2 : 26-27 Recreational workers, number, public schools, 2 : 40-41, 101 Refunding current indebtedness, State school systems, 2 : 94-95 Regional and district administrative and supervisory personnel, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 36-37 Regional distribution of enrollment, higher institutions, 4 : 14-15 Regular public high schools, growth, 1 : 39 Religious affiliation or control, nonpublie secondary schools, 7 : 3, 9, 10 Rent, State school systems, current expendi¬ tures : 2 : 82-83 Reorganized public high schools, growth, 1 : 39 Research work, higher institutions, current expenditures, percentage analysis, 4 : 50- 51 Reserved books, libraries, higher institu¬ tions, 6 : 16 Resident college enrollment, 1 : 34 ; 4 ; 7, 12- Ip, 55-57, 60-65, 72-77 Resident instruction, higher institutions, 4 : 10-11, 46-47, 50-51 Residential schools for exceptional children, number, 1 : 15-17, 21-22, 38, 44 ; 5 : 2-3, 11 Resources and receipts, State school systems, 2 : 26-27 Retirement funds, State school systems, 1 : 50 ; 2 : 25-26, 96-97 Revenue receipts : City school systems, 3 : 9- 11 ; public elementary and secondary school systems, 1 : 30-32 ; State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 30, 72-73, 76-77 Rural residents, percent enrolled in publicly or privately controlled day schools or colleges, 1 : 23 S Salaries : Administrative workers, State school systems, 2 : 78—79 ; expenditures, city school systems, 3 : 7-9, 24-85 ; in¬ structional staff, State school systems, 2 : 4-7, 78—79, 108 ; library staff, higher in¬ stitutions, 6 : 17, 20-21 ; operation of plant, State school systems, 2 : 80-81 ; public-school teachers, 1 : 13 ; school libraries, expenditures, 8 : 6-7 ; superin¬ tendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers, expenditures, 1 : 32 ; teachers, 1 : 49 Sales and services, higher institutions, 4 : 36-37, 42, 82-87 Sales of property and insurance adjustments, State school systems, nonrevenue receipts, 2 : 74-75 School attendance : City school systems, 3 : 3- 4 ; full-time public elementary and sec¬ ondary day schools, 2 : 60-61 School bonds and other forms of school in¬ debtedness, State school systems, 2 : 82- 83, 94-95 School funds, permanent, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 92-93 School indebtedness, State school systems, 2 : 21 25 94—95 School land’: State school systems: Number of acres, 2 : 93 ; value, 2 : 92 School libraries, number, 1 : 15 ; 8 : 10-27 School lunch program, 1 : 13, 46 ; 2 : 15, 68- 69, 74-77, 80-81, 108 School property, 1 : 30—32 ; 2 : 24, 30-31, 110 ; 3 : 14, 23 School retention rates, 1 : 9 School term, length : Negro public schools, 2 : 106 ; public elementary and secondary day schools, length, 1 : 28-29 School year, length, city school systems, 3 : 4- 5 Schoolhouses, number, 1 : 32 ; 2 : 30-31 Schools, nonpublic, secondary, number, 7 : 2 Schools of nursing : Enrollment, 1 : 21 ; num¬ ber, 1 : 15-17 Secondary education, nonpublic teachers and enrollment, 2 : 29 Secondary grades : Administrative units, number, 1 : 18-19 ; exceptional children, home and hospital schools, enrollment, 5 : 12, 18-19, 76-82 Secondary schools : Average daily attend¬ ance, 2 : 56-59 ; average length of school term and school attendance, 2 : 60-61 Catholic, number of schools, teachers, and pupils, 2 : 116-117 ; centralized libraries, 8 : 7-8, 28-68 ; city school systems, com¬ parative summary of personnel, 3 : 19 ; en¬ rollment, 1 : 21-22, 24 ; 2 : 46-51, 54-55, 113-114 ; exceptional children, 5:8; ex¬ penditures, 1 : 45 ; libraries, number, 8 : 10-27 ; number, 1 : 8, 15-17 ; statistics, 7 : 1-11 ; teachers, number employed, 2 : 38-39, 111-112. See also High schools Secondary schools for Negroes : Enrollment, 2 : 49, 103-104 ; number, 2 : 110 ; statisti¬ cal summary, 2:98; teachers, number, 2:99 Senior high schools, 1:8; growth, 1 : 39 Short courses, higher institutions, 1 : 48 Short-term indebtedness, State school sys¬ tems, 2 : 86-87, 94-95 Sinking funds : Public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, value, 1 : 47 ; State school systems, amount, 2 : 93 Sites and buildings : Elementary and second¬ ary schools, expenditures, 1:22; State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 84r-85 Sites used for public elementary and second¬ ary school purposes, State school systems, cost value, 2 : 90 Small schools, State school systems, 2 : 13-15 INDEX 7 Smith. Rose Marie, and Foster, Emery M. : Statistics, of Nonpublic Secondary Schools, 1947-48, 7 : 1-11 Socially maladjusted, special schools and classes, historical summary, 5 : 10 Sources of income for reduction, 1 : 9—10, 44 Special and unclassified enrollment, higher institutions, 4 : 72-77 Special schools and classes for exceptional children, statistics, 5 : 1-82 Special students in arts and sciences and certain professional schools, 4 : 20 Special types of students, higher institu¬ tions, enrollment, 4 : 21-23 Speech-defective : Residential schools for ex¬ ceptional children, enrollment, number, and staff, 5:13; special schools and classes, 5 : 12-15, 20-21, 24-25, 28-29, 32, 33, 36-37, 40-41, 44-45, 48-49, 52-53, 56-57, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73. Staff ; Higher institutions, 1 : 6-7, 34, 42 ; 4 : 7, 9-11, 55, 66-71 ; 6 : 20-45 ; non¬ public secondary schools, 7 : 8 State and city school systems, per pupil ex¬ penditures, 1 : 10-11 State boards of education, 2 ; 2, 32—33 State contributions to retirement, current expenditures, 2 : 82-83 State Government : Revenue from, city school systems, 3 : 9-10 ; higher institu¬ tions, 4 : 82-87 State office of education, personnel, 2 : 3, 36-37 State school systems : Selected data, 1 : 4-5 ; statistics, 2 : 1-117 State support, public schools, 1 : 5 State taxes and appropriations, receipts, 1 : 32 Statistical Summary of Education, 1947-48 (Blose and Foster), 1 : 1-50 Statistics of City School Systems, 1947-48 (Herlihy, Lind, and Foster), 3: 1-85 Statistics of Higher Education, 1947^8 (Badger, and others), 4: 1-105 Statistics of Libraries in Institutions of Higher Education, 1946-47 (Mishoff and Foster), 6: 1-49 Statistics of Nonpublic Secondary Schools, 1947-48 (Smith and Foster), 7: 1-11 Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1947- 48 (Beust, and others), 8: 1-74 Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48 (Martens, and others), 5: 1—82 Statistics of State School Systems, 1947-48 (Blose, and others), 2 : 1-117 Status of retirement funds, public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools, State school systems, 2 : 96-97 Story, Robert C., and others: Statistics of Higher Education, 1947-48, 4 : 1-105 ; Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1947-48, 5 : 1-82 Student fees, 1 : 10 ; higher institutions, 1 : 44 ; 4 : 36-37, 39-40, 82-87 Student loan funds, higher institutions, 4 : 53, 88-89, 100-105 Students, higher institutions, 4 ; 11-23, 60-65, 78-79 Subsidies from educational foundations, State school systems, 2 : 74-77 Subsistence allowances, veterans in train¬ ing, 1 : 50 Summer schools : City school systems, 3 : 11-12, 17, 20-22 ; enrollment, 1:3; higher institutions, 1 : 12, 34, 48 ; 7 : 12-13, 24- 25, 60-71 ; State school systems, 2 : 52-53, 86-87, 109 Superintendents and professional staffs, State school systems, 2 : 32-33 Supervisors : City school systems, expendi¬ tures for salaries, 3 : 7-9 ; full-time day schools, 2 : 24-85 : number, Negro public elementary and secondary schools, 2 : 99 Supervisors, principals, and teachers, num¬ ber, city school systems, 3 : 6-7, 16-17 Supplies, operation of plant, State school systems, current expenditures, 2 : 80-81 Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expense, full-time day schools, 3 : 24-85 T Teachers : City school systems, expenditures for salaries, 3 : 7—9 ; full-time public ele¬ mentary and secondary day schools, 2 : 28-39 ; higher institutions, number, 1 : 38 ; men, percent, public elementary and secondary day schools, 2 : 42-43 ; non¬ public elementary and secondary schools, number, 2 : 29, 111—112 ; number, 1 : 5 ; 2 : 99 ; number per supervisor and per principal, city sehool systems, 3:7; pub¬ lic-school, number, 1 : 7-8, 32 ; 2 : 30-31 ; retirement, 1 : 14 ; salaries, State school systems, 2 : 28, 78-79 ; 3 : 24-85 Teachers colleges and normal schools : En¬ rollment, 4 : 25 ; expenditures, 1 : 45 ; 4 : 50-52, 58-59, 99 ; faculty, students, and degrees, 4 : 56-57 income, 4 : 36-37, 91 ; library statistics, 6 : 14, 16-19 ; number, by control, 4 : 2-3 ; resident college en¬ rollments, 4 : 13-15 ; resident instruction¬ al staff, number, 4 ; 11 ; staff, number, 4 : 10-11 Teacher exchange, 1 : 14 Teachers : Higher institutions, number, 1 : 12 ; State school systems, number, 2 : 52- 53 ; 66-67, 102 ; supplies, State school systems, expenditures, 2 : 78-79 Teachers’ salaries, 1 : 5 ; public-school, 1 : 13 ; State school systems, 1 : 5 Textbooks : Free to all pupils, 3 : 24-85 ; Negro public schools, 2 : 108 Third week of fall term, enrollment, higher institutions, 4 : 15, 18 3-teacher schools, State school systems, number and enrollment, 2 : 62—63 Trade and industry : Federal funds, 1 : 46, 48 Transfers to sinking funds, State school sys¬ tems, 2: 86-87 Transportation of pupils, 1:2; employees, number, 2 : 40-41, 101 ; number of pupils and cost, 1 : 18-20 State school systems, 2 : 23, 64-65, 80-81, 108, 110 Trends, higher education, 4 : 4—9 Truants or behavior problems : Residential schools for exceptional children , enroll¬ ment, number, and staff, 5 : 13 ; special schools and classes, enrollment, 5 : 12, 16— 17, 22-23, 26-27, 30-31. 34-35, 38-39, 42-43, 46-47, 50-51, 54-55, 58-59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75 ; number, 5 : 13 ; staff, 5 : 13, 16-17. Tuition, equipment, supplies, and materials, vocational rehabilitation, expenditures, 1 : 50 2-teacher schools, number and enrollment, 2 : 62-63 u Ultimate or basic administrative units, State school systems, 2 : 2-3, 32-33, 66-67 Undergraduate enrollment, higher institu¬ tions. 4 : 72-81 Undivided high schools, 1:8; growth, 1 : 39 Unexpended plant funds, higher institutions, 4 : 100-105 Unit costs, white and Negro public schools, 2 : 107 U. S. Marine Schools, Federal funds, 1 : 46 U. S. Military Academy, Federal funds, 1 : 46 U. S. Naval Academy, Federal funds, 1 : 46 Universities, colleges, and professional schools : Current expenditures, 4 : 50-51 ; current income, 4 : 36-37 ; enrollment, 4 : 24 ; faculty, students, and degrees, 4 : 50— 57 ; income, expenditures, and property, 4 : 58-59 ; number, 1 : 38 ; 4 : 2-3 ; plaut expansion, 4 : 13-15, 52, 91, 99 ; resident instructional staff, number, 4 : 10-11. Sec also Higher institutions 8 INDEX University of Alaska, instructional staff, en¬ rollment, and degrees, 1 : 48 University of Hawaii, instructional staff, enrollment, and degrees, 1 : 48 University of Puerto Rico, instructional staff, enrollment, and degrees, 1 : 48 Urban residents, percent enrollment in pub¬ licly or privately controlled day schools or colleges, 1 : 23 y Value of permanent school funds, 2 : 93 Value of school property, 1 : 11, la, 32 ; 2 : 30-31 ; city school systems, 3 : 14, 23 ; higher institutions, 4 : 55 ; Negro public elementary and secondary schools for Negroes, 2:110 Veterans of World War II : Enrollment, higher institutions. 4 : 20-23, 60-65, 72- 77 ; fees, higher institutions, 4 : 32-33, 36- 37, 39 ; income from Federal Government, higher institutions, 4 : 82-87 Vocational classes : Federally aided, 1:48; operated under State plans, 1 : 48 Vocational education : Federally aided, 1 : 11-12, 46 ; State school systems, revenues, 2 : 74-77 Vocational rehabilitation : Expenditures, 1 ; 50 ; Federal funds, 1 : 46 w White and Negro schools : Comparative data on attendance and average expenditures, 1 : 41 ; enrollment, public schools, 2 : 107 Willhoite, Mary M., and others: Statistics of Public-school Libraries, 1947-48 ; 8 : 1-74 O DATE LOANED Mar24‘53 Aprj?|*g 4 iPR2:3 .59' '/ SC583 — 10M 8f>19f> 209 .135- 1946/48 U,S. Office of education Biennial survey of education in the United States