ubumiy FZ3 10 1C53 niMLHonnv mocy EDUC. couicnoN 6CL£ H L 111 . A323 1944-46 Biennial survey of education in the United States un k'iZ- aA 1944-46 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States 3- Statistical I of Education 1 945-46 Chapter I Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1944-46 Statistical Summary of Education, 1945-46 By David T. Blose, Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the Direction of Emery M. Foster Head, Reports and Analysis Branch , Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY ACENCY Oscar R. Ewing . . Administrator Office of Education Rail I. Grigsby . . Acting Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON ; 1949 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 15 cents 11 FOREWORD IS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is JL a continuation of the series of periodic reports which have been prepared by the Office of Education since 1871. In this Summary, covering both public and private educa¬ tion from kindergarten through the university, have been brought together the basic data from the other chapters of the Biennial Survey to show in convenient form as complete a picture of education in the United States as is available from the statistical reports received in the Office of Education. Herbert S. Conrad Chief , Research and Statistical Service iii ■ CONTENTS Text Page Foreword _ iii Number of Administrative Units _ 1 Consolidation and Transportation _ 5 Enrollments _ 5 Elementary schools _ 7 High schools _ 9 Private elementary and secondary schools _ 12 Graduates _ 12 High-school _ 12 College _ 12 Selected Data for State School System _ _ 15 Higher Education _ 20 Enrollments _ 20 Staff _ 20 Finance _ 21 Junior colleges _ 21 Teachers _ 25 Secondary Schools _ 28 Schools for Negroes _ 28 School-Retention Rates _ 30 Sources of Income for Education _ 32 Expenditures for Public and Private Education _ 34 Expenditures per pupil in city school systems _ 35 Federal expenditures for education _ 36 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions _ 38 Federally Aided Vocational Education _ 38 Public Libraries _ 39 v Statistical Summary of Education Tables Page 1. Number of educational units in continental United States from which reports are requested, by type _ 2 2. Number of schools of specified types, by State, 1945-46 _ 3 3. Number of basic local administrative units and 1 -teacher schools, and transportation data, by States, 1945-46 _ 4 4. Decrease in number of 1 -teacher schools, 1929-30 to 1945-46 _ 5 5. Number of pupils transported and expenditures for transportation, 1929-30 to 1945-46 . . . . . . 5 6. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level and control, 1945-46 _ 6 7. Percent school attendance, by age, sex, and urban-rural residence, civilian population, October 1945 _ 7 8. Kindergarten, elementary, secondary, commercial, normal school, and college enrollments, 1889-90 to 1945-46 _ 8 9. Total elementary school enrollment, and population, 5-13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1945-46 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 10. Estimated number of children 5% to 6% years of age on September 1, 1945 to 1952 . . . . . . . 9 11. Enrollment by grade in public day schools for specified years _ 10 12. Secondary school enrollment and population, 14-17 years of age, 1889-90 to 1945-46 . . . . . . . . . 11 13. High-school and college graduates from publicly and privately controlled schools, 1927-28 to 1945-46. . . 13 14. Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools, per 100 persons 17 years of age, 1869-70 to 1945-46 _ 14 15. Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios, number of administrative units, and 1 -teacher schools, by State, 1945-46 _ 16 16. Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1945-46 _ 17 17. Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary school systems, 1869-70 to 1945-46 _ 18 18. Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1939-40, 1943-44, and 1945-46 _ 22 19. College enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889-90 to 1945-46 24 20. Number of persons graduated from college, per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1945-46 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 24 21. Enrollment in summer-session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1945—46 _ 25 22. Number of junior colleges, and enrollment in junior colleges, 1919-20 to 1945-46 _ 25 23. Number of teachers in schools and colleges, by type of school, and by 6ex, 1929-30 to 1945-46 _ 26 vi Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Tables — Cont’d Pago 24. Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1945-46 _ 27 25. Public high schools enrolling more than 5,000 pupils in 1945-46 _ 28 26. Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 _ 29 27. Number of staff, enrollment, and graduates in institutions for the higher education of Negroes, by State, and by sex, 1945-46 _ 30 28. Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ 31 29. Number continuing per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated, by grade or year _ 31 30. Number continuing per 1,000 enrolled pupils in the first year of high school in the years indicated, by high-school year _ 32 31. Number continuing through college entrance and college graduation per 1,000 who graduated from high school _ 32 32. Number continuing through college, per 1,000 enrolled at specific levels _ 32 33. Sources of income for education, 1945-46 _ 33 34. Biennial increases in income for education by source, 1936-38 to 1944-46__ 34 35. Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system, by governmental source, 1931-32 to 1945-46 _ 34 36. Expenditures, including capital outlay, for schools reporting, 1945-46 _ 35 37. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 230 city school systems, 1945-46 _ 35 38. Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1945-46, _ 37 39. Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1946 _ 38 40. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for vocational education, 1930-31 to 1945-46 _ 39 41. Statistics of public libraries, 1944-45 _ 40 Vll ' ■ M - . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1945-46 T^HIS Summary of Education provides a conspectus of education in the A United States, based on the information presented more fully in various statistical publications of the Office of Education for the biennium ended June 30, 1946. Certain statistics of the Bureau of the Census are included where it is felt that they will add clarity to the statistics collected by the Office of Education. The Summary gives information as to the number of schools, enrollment of students, number of graduates, number of instructional personnel, amount and source of financial support, ’amount and purpose of expenditures, retention of pupils at the various levels of our educational system, and much historical information for comparison over a period of years. Number of Administrative Units Table 1 gives the number and classification of approximately 65,000 agencies or institutions to which qulestionnaires are sent by the Office of Education. Some of these agencies supply information on many depend¬ ent organizations. The reports of the 48 States, District of Columbia, and outlying parts of the United States represent the combining of the separate reports of 101,407 (table 3) public-school basic administrative units. During the biennium 1944-46, the Office of Education collected the usual information from 37,199 school systems or institutions. Part of this information has been collected biennially, but information on public high schools had not been collected for an 8-year period since the school year 1937-38. Data are obtained either by mail requests or ques¬ tionnaires, or solicited in person by statisticians of the Office. The number of schools of specified type are shown by States in table 2. The greatest variation from past years is the decrease of elementary schools, mostly due to the decreasing number of 1 -teacher schools (table 4). 1 2 Biennial Survey of Education, 191+J+-J+6 Table 1. — Number of educational units in continental United States from which reports were requested by type Type Number GRAND TOTAL _ _ _ _ _ 1 64,654 Total requested to report 1944-46_ . 37,199 States, the District of Columbia, and outlying parts of the United States _ 56 City school systems _ 3,291 Institutions of higher education _ 1,686 Public secondary schools _ 24,314 Public libraries _ 7,408 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 444 Total not requested to report in 1944-46 . . . . . 1 27,455 County or other large school systems administering school units in cities 2 _ 238 School libraries 3 _ 8,203 College libraries _ 1,686 Private and special libraries _ 1,500 Private elementary and secondary schools _ 13,157 Schools of nursing _ 1,271 Private commercial schools _ 1,400 1 Not all studies are on a biennial basis and for the following types of schools, the number of which is not known, no general or periodic coverage is attempted: Private vocational and trade schools; private schools of art, music, dancing, dramatics (non-degree-granting), including individual instruction; private Bible schools not granting theological degrees; and private correspondence schools. 2 Including 322 cities not maintaining separate school systems. * City and county school systems. Only one report is requested from each. These reports cover library service of more than 100,000 schools. Statistical Summary of Education 3 Table 2. — Number of schools of specified types, by State, 1945-46 State Public schools (excluding kindergartens) Private schools Colleges, uni¬ versities, and professional schools Residential schools for ex¬ ceptional children Schools of Nurs¬ ing 1 2 * Ele¬ mentary Secon¬ dary Ele¬ mentary Secon¬ dary Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States. 160,227 24,314 9,863 3,294 554 1,127 307 137 1.271 Alabama _ 3,272 662 90 46 9 17 8 1 17 466 85 39 16 5 3 4 3,596 586 56 21 12 12 4 8 California _ 3,491 693 355 163 47 45 8 12 41 Colorado _ . .. 2 1,955 282 86 30 11 6 6 1 14 Connecticut _ 772 125 189 76 5 18 5 3 20 162 50 26 11 2 2 4 7 1,689 475 58 55 5 11 5 14 Georgia _ _ 4,046 793 38 29 20 31 7 1 17 929 170 24 7 5 3 4 8 Illinois _ _ 9,144 941 852 189 21 83 5 5 96 Indiana.. _ 2,591 845 294 39 6 34 7 1 28 Iowa _ _ . . . . 8,149 964 334 137 16 30 6 2 27 5,248 694 228 33 20 23 5 35 Kentucky _ — 5,585 585 221 96 9 29 5 1 14 Louisiana _ _ _ _ 2,457 495 216 88 7 11 7 2 16 Maine _ _ _ 1,574 229 67 60 5 8 4 16 Maryland _ _ _ 915 207 181 61 8 21 6 9 23 Massachusetts _ — 1,771 428 401 202 13 55 11 11 64 Michigan . _ 2 8,000 694 425 169 16 25 9 6 30 Minnesota _ 6,057 533 331 73 18 28 11 3 25 Mississippi _ _ 4,658 609 43 39 19 14 4 25 Missouri _ _ 6,675 811 412 89 17 37 11 3 30 Montana _ _ 1,467 191 38 18 8 3 5 6 Nebraska. _ _ _ _ 5,670 583 215 47 9 13 5 13 Nevada . _ 201 38 1 1 1 1 New Hampshire 1,584 108 65 40 3 6 2 14 New Jersev- . _ 1,553 278 369 126 9 25 9 6 42 New Mexico _ _ 694 133 44 19 7 5 1 New York _ 6,671 1,030 1,050 335 21 88 11 31 121 North Carolina 3,418 960 49 31 13 39 9 47 North Dakota _ _ 3,173 426 49 18 10 2 4 14 Ohio _ _ 3,502 1,244 571 154 9 57 11 1 65 Oklahoma _ _ _ 3,566 866 76 38 24 10 8 2 13 Oregon _ _ 1,302 268 72 24 5 15 5 1 11 Pennsvlvania _ 8,025 1,193 907 246 16 88 8 23 124 Rhode Island _ . 322 62 80 29 2 6 4 1 5 South Carolina. _ 3,496 432 22 19 8 25 6 18 South Dakota. .. .. .. 3,409 297 48 18 7 9 4 9 Tennessee _ . 4,907 506 72 41 7 41 7 1 18 Texas _ _ 2 7,175 1,666 326 92 40 43 11 2 37 Utah _ 369 141 10 6 6 4 4 6 Vermont.. _ _ _ 945 88 29 25 4 7 2 1 10 Virginia _ 3,230 516 60 59 10 33 10 1 34 Washington _ 1,158 323 105 49 12 11 8 19 West Virginia. _ _ 4,229 372 52 15 10 9 9 30 Wisconsin _ 6,221 504 541 91 11 29 6 4 25 Wyoming _ 646 98 7 1 1 3 2 District of Columbia _ 92 35 39 23 2 21 5 2 8 U. S. Service Schools 4 _ 3 | 1 Source: National League of Nursing Education. 2 Statistics, 1943-44. * Estimated from previous years. 4 U. S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn., U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., and U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. 4 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944-46 Table 3. — Number of basic local administrative units and 1 -teacher schools, and transportation data, by State, 1 945-46 Number of basic adminstrative units Transportation Num¬ Ele¬ ber Number Expenditure Aver¬ Ele- mentary of of of public age men- Secon- and sec¬ 1-teach¬ pupils funds for cost Total tary dary ondary er ele¬ trans¬ transpor¬ per grades grades grades men¬ ported tation pupil only only com¬ tary at public (excluding trans¬ bined schools expense capital outlay) ported 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101,273 83,571 1,716 15,986 86,563 5,056,966 $129,756,375 $25.66 108 4 104 1,125 233,710 3,432,922 14.69 338 278 60 94 29,371 571,078 19.44 2,179 1,448 731 1,998 130,393 2,069,175 15.87 2,629 2,323 259 47 913 215,894 4,981,825 23.08 1,871 1,644 227 1,048 37,368 1,112,018 29.76 171 90 1 80 133 46,701 1,523,548 32.62 17 17 55 10,262 324 , 363 31.61 67 67 521 112,780 2,220,136 19.69 208 208 1 ,972 189,083 3,452,164 18.26 1,114 929 33 152 309 29,448 1,009,501 34.28 9,861 9,058 717 86 7,625 64,057 3,327,623 51.95 1,131 413 6 712 616 229,855 7,338,521 31.93 4,775 3,896 879 6,768 100,877 3,201,947 31.74 6,906 6,259 340 307 4.432 123,407 1,736,654 74.19 256 10 246 3,573 155,189 2,455,854 15.82 67 67 922 157,310 3,515,228 22.35 115 1 114 815 40,338 1,270,587 31.50 24 24 186 82 , 386 1,933,013 23.46 351 119 232 176 71,593 2,199,451 30.72 4,572 3,778 794 3,374 115,464 4,227,252 36.61 7,657 7,205 452 4,853 90,000 4,514,411 50.16 4,194 3,509 685 2,121 186,933 3,326,915 17.80 8,558 7,855 703 5,482 110,580 4,160,366 37.62 1,382 1,200 18 164 987 29,226 1,533,856 52.48 6,987 6,371 37 579 4,828 5,000 673,928 134.80 237 201 14 22 86 3,431 134,643 39.24 240 147 93 206 15,613 696,791 44.63 563 363 11 189 95 97,432 3,020,525 31.00 103 9 94 263 28,897 1,467,189 50.77 5,112 4,372 4 736 2,009 208,900 8,476,379 40.58 171 171 811 308,191 3,688,810 11.97 2,273 1,850 2 421 2,933 17,172 838,916 48.85 1,622 561 1,061 571 283,001 7,792,371 27.53 4,416 3,714 702 1,948 120,400 3,185,606 26.46 1,607 1,367 110 130 549 37,825 1,686,896 44.60 2,543 1,396 1,147 3,621 234,746 7,321,550 31.19 39 10 29 30 9,254 303,960 32.85 1,703 1,397 306 1,082 81,851 1,933,807 23.63 3,415 3,072 6 337 3,402 10,184 483,459 47.47 152 152 2,318 163,312 2,458,747 15.06 23,605 2,168 1,437 1,825 374,878 7,333,550 19.56 40 40 32 35,268 678,206 19.23 269 269 650 8,042 397,937 49.48 124 124 1,379 199,681 3,203,431 16.04 691 383 8 300 159 114,427 2,961,294 25.88 55 55 2,658 141,395 2,299,925 16.27 6,393 5,904 76 413 4,627 52,050 2,557,307 49.13 361 267 14 80 382 13,661 706,969 51.75 1 1 1 130 15,771 121.32 135 42 93 1,087 1,066 110,828 11.57 66 42 24 35 934 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 95,559 63 63 1,040 132 15,269 11.57 2 2 - State Continental United States Alabama _ Arizona _ Arkansas _ California _ Colorado _ Connecticut _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ Montana _ Nebraska _ Nevada _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York _ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ South Carolina _ South Dakota _ Tennessee _ Texas _ Utah _ Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington . . West Virginia _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ District of Columbia _ Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska _ American Samoa _ Canal Zone _ Guam _ Hawaii _ Puerto Rico _ Virgin Islands Statistics, 1943-44. 2 Does not include 1,840 districts not operating any schools. Statistical Summary of Education 5 Consolidation and Transportation Planned consolidation has resulted in a decrease of 42 percent in the number of 1-teacher schools from 1929-30 through 1945-46 (table 5). The number of pupils transported at public expense increased from 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 from 1929-30 to 1945-46, and the expenditure for this purpose increased from $55,000,000 to $130,000,000 in the same period (table 3). Enrollments The total enrollments for all educational institutions both public and private during each of the first four bienniums of the 1930-40 decade, were about equal and averaged 30.5 millions pupils. Since then, enroll¬ ments decreased to 27.5 millions for the school year 1943-44, but by 1945-46 had increased again by nearly a million (table 6). This increase was principally due to the large number of ex-service men in college and, to a much less degree, to the beginning of the effect of increasing birth¬ rates since 1940. In the fall of 1945 approximately 98 percent of children of the elementary school ages of 7-13 were in school (table 7). Table 4. — Decrease in number of 1 -teacher schools, 1929-30 to 1945-46 Year Number 1 -teacher Percent decrease schools since 1929-30 1929-30 _ 149,282 _ 1931-32 _ 143,390 - 3.9 1933-34 _ 139,166 -6.8 1935-36 _ 131,101 -12.2 1937-38 _ 121,178 -18.8 1939-40 _ 113,600 -23.9 1941-42 _ 107,692 -27.9 1943-44 _ 96,302 -35.5 1945-46 _ 86,563 -42.0 Table 5. — Number of pupils transported and expenditures for transportation, 1929-30 to 1945-46 Expenditure of public Number of pupils funds for transporta- transported at tion {excluding capital Year public expense outlay ) 1929-30 _ 1,902,826 $54,823,143 1931-32 _ 2,419,173 58,077,779 1933-34 _ 2,794,724 53,907,774 1935-36 _ 3,250,658 62,652,571 1937-38 _ 3,769,242 75,636,956 1939-40 _ 4,144,161 83,282,761 1941-42 _ 4,503,081 92,921,805 1943-44 _ 1 4,512,412 107,754,467 1945-46 _ 5,056,966 129,756,375 1 Corrected item. Table 6. — Enrollment in full-time day schools/ by level and control, 1945-46 6 Biennial Survey of Education, 19^-46 Regular session only. 4 Distribution basis 1943-44 statistics. Data, 1939-40. . . 6 Distribution by sex not available. Distribution and sex, estimated basis 1943—44 statistics 6 Estimated basis 533 schools reported. Statistical Summary of Education 7 Table 7. — Percent school attendance, by age, sex, and urban-rural residence, civilian population,1 October 1945 Age in years United States total Urban Rural- nonfarm Rural farm Total Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total _ 64.4 73.2 57.6 63.0 67.8 64.6 5 _ 28.3 26.7 29.9 30.4 28.9 23.6 6 . . . . 93.2 93.2 93.3 95.7 95.4 86.9 7 to 9 _ _ _ 98.2 97.6 98.8 99.3 98.6 95.6 10 to 13. _ _ _ 97.9 97.8 98.1 99.4 98.6 94.8 14 to 17. . . - _ 78.8 78.7 79.0 83.1 79.7 68.8 18 to 19 . . — . 20.6 21.6 20.3 22.4 20.2 16.5 20 to 24 _ 3.9 5.6 3.3 4.5 3.3 2.2 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. Elementary Schools Enrollment in all elementary day schools both public and private had reached its highest point in 1929-30 when 23,588,479 pupils were enrolled (table 9). Elementary enrollments gradually decreased until 1943-44 when the enrollment was 19,829,900, a loss of 3,758,579, or 15.9 percent (table 8). The enrollment for 1945-46 was 19,998,055. This increase, though small, shows the beginning of the effect of increased birthrates (table 10). It is estimated that total enrollments will continue to increase for about 12 years, with about a 50 percent increase in that time. 8 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944--46 Table 8. — Kindergarten, elementary, secondary, commercial, norma! school, and college enrollments, 1889-90 to 1945-46 Type of school, by level 1889-90 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1 2 3 4 5 Total kindegarten and elementary schools . 14,181,415 16,224,784 18,457,228 20,864,488 Kindergartens: Public __ 115,145 i 16,082 12,504,373 1,645,815 131,657 93,737 14,852,202 1,147,188 2293,970 2 52,219 16,604,821 1,506,218 481,266 29,683 18,897,661 1,455,878 Elementary: Public _ _ _ 357,813 695,903 1,111,393 2,495,676 202,963 94,931 51,749 8,170 519,251 110,797 56,285 9,570 915,061 117,400 66,042 12,890 2,200,389 213,920 59,309 22,058 Total higher education 156,756 237,592 355,215 597,880 Normal schools and teachers colleges Colleges, universities, and professional schools. Private commercial and business schools (day and evening) 34,814 121,942 69,593 167,999 88,561 266,654 135,435 462,445 78,920 91,549 155,244 335,161 Total kindergarten and elementary schools _ _ 1929-30 1939-40 1943-44 1945-46 6 7 8 9 23,588,479 4 21,044,924 4 19,829,900 5 19,998,055 Kindergartens: Public. _ 723,443 54,456 20,555,150 2,255,430 594,647 57,341 18,286,906 2,106,030 697,468 57,341 17,053,473 2,021,618 772,957 6 57,341 16,954,395 2,213,362 Private. _ _ Elementary: Public. __ . Private _ . _ . _ _ Total secondary 4,799,867 7 7,113,282 7 6,020,890 i1 26,227,349 Public high schools 3 4 5 6 7 * 9 10 * 12 13 _ 4,399,422 8341,158 47,309 11,978 6,601,444 457,768 33,091 20,979 5,553,520 420,961 25,587 20,822 5,622,197 565,108 22,078 17,966 Private high schools 3 _ Preparatory departments of colleges Secondary grades in training schools _ Total higher education . _ 1,100,737 1,494,203 9877,517 1,676,851 Normal schools and teachers colleges 176,462 924,275 177,045 1,317,158 74,379 803,138 119,812 1,557,039 Colleges, universities, and professional schools. Private commercial and business schools (day and evening) io 179,756 ii 634,546 ii 488,112 13 563,970 1 Data for 1887-88, distribution by public and private control estimated. 2 Data for 1911-12. 3 Data from high-school reports through 1919-20, since 1919-20 from Statistics of State School System. 4 Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 5 Does not include 53,353 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 6 Data, 1939-40. 7 Figures do not include 9,727 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 3 Data, 1927-28. 9 Does not include 277,755 full-time regular session military students. 10 Data, 1928-29. u Estimated on the basis of a study made by the War Emergency Council of Private Business Schools. 12 Does not include 9,784 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 13 Estimated basis schools reporting. Statistical Summary of Education 9 Table 9. — Total elementary school enrollment, and population, 5-13 years of age, 1 889-90 to 1945-46 Enrollment, grades K to 8 inclusive 1 Population 5-13 years of age Year Number Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 189-90 _ _ 14,181,415 16,224,784 18,457,228 20,864,488 23,588,479 221,044,924 220,356,500 2 19,829,900 3 19,998,055 13,188,548 15,385,793 17,019,650 19,992,947 22,230,101 1899-1900 . 14.4 16.7 1909-10 30.2 29.0 1919-20 _ 47.1 51.6 1929-30 _ _ 66.3 68.6 1939-40... _ _ _ 48.4 20,024,827 19,370,339 19,306,240 19,763,877 51.8 1941-42 _ 43.5 46.9 1943-44 _ . _ _ . .. 39.8 46.4 1945-46 _ _ 41.1 49.9 1 Total elementary enrollment, because of retardation includes children beyond the age of 13, there fore the enrollment is greater than the population aged 5 to 13. 2 Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 3 Does not include 53,353 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. Table 10. — Estimated number of children 5% to 6% years of age on September 1, 1945 to 19521 Year Number Year Number Year Number 1 2 1 2 1 2 1945 2,312,000 2,407,000 2,551,000 1948 . 2,843,000 2,963,000 2,817,000 1951 _ 2,755,000 3,291,000 1946 1949 _ 1952... 1947 _ 1950 . . 1 Forecasts of the Population of the United States, 1945-1975, U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, table 34, page 56. High Schools High-school enrollments doubled every 10 years from 1879-80 to 1929-30 when the enrollment was 4,799,867 (table 8). This enrollment increased to 7,113,282 in 1939-40, after which enrollments decreased to 6,020,890 in 1943-44. With the end of the war and the tendency of a greater percentage of the population to attend high school, a slow increase may be expected until around 1954-55, after which time, due to large birthrates in earlier years, we may expect the beginning of a rapid increase. The distribution of public-school enrollments by grade (table 11) shows that the proportion of the total enrollment that was in the high-school grades in 1945-46 was not as great as it was in 1939-40. Table 11. — Enrollment by grade in public day schools for specified years 10 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 t>00 lOOOOHiONNQOOOlOONO ©©©©corH©ao©Tt-icoiOiMioioeciiO tr.OOCOrH©©©00©l>ioTj©©©©tH©oooooo©© rHro©, ©occt^©©Hi< r © 00 © ©© COIN CO — i ©eoooccit'-©rs-i--iiMior^eo'^'©»o ©rHH*Ot'-COrHO>©00'^|Hi<00Tt<© Nl>rH(NNOTt1>CH© rH(M© OOOrH «>©co ©Tf rHb- rH r*lTj<© © © © © H}<00©©©00©COt^rHrH©©H}co©t^Tt< CO©©coco Ht>© ©t COIN(N(NIN©OXCO©iHlJ©©©rH CO* (N (M* C< 00t>©©©t^O©Ot>©r}©T}©©Hi< Ilf ififN© ©05©©,-H ©00©tH©©©(M tr©©t^t^©rJ1©©O00Tt©©Ca>Tt<© ©©©tH©©CC|©t^©© !N©©©©©0000©tr©ri<« MNNNNNNi — C‘ ° 3 2 fl-o'-g JjH Cl’S ^ S S S 3 5 a) ^ O .Th j3 .5 o hhH Oj3 0^3 O O,© o 3 ® o ® ' .S 3 ® hQ j 3 t,* fc, -w W .r-5 | I'S-3'Q C3 t. C3 5 ® S3 V 3 O.t 3'S'S «-£ c3 >, o >>03 5w ^ I ’CT5-*f M CD O ^ "tn & SgrO o &i!»E-|P SSraHfeS’ ^cts’ ffl o.tj .52 5^3 o o ScqE-i^Ph Estimated. Total elementary and total high school enrollment taken from a special study. Distribution by grade estimated. The class entering the first grade in 1932-33. Statistical Summary of Education 11 While only about half of the pupils of high-school age (14 to 17) were in school, public or private, in 1929-30 (table 12) almost three -fourths were in school in 1939-40 and 1941-42 and two-thirds during the war. The data for 1945-46 showed a slow increase back towards the three- fourths peak. Table 12. — Secondary school enrollment and population, 14-17 years of age, 1889-90 to 1945-46 Year Enrollment, public and private schools Population, 14-17 years of age Number enrolled per 100 population 14-17 years of age Number Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 . . 357,813 5,354,653 7 1899-1900 . . 695,903 94.5 6,152,231 14.9 11 1909-10 _ 1,111,393 210.6 7,220,298 34.8 15 1919-20 _ 2,495,676 597.5 7,735,841 44.5 32 1929-3C. _ 4,799,867 1,241.4 9,341,221 74.5 51 1939-40 . . i 7,113,282 1,888.0 9,720,419 81.5 73 1941-42.. _ i 6,923,538 1,835.0 9,418,613 75.9 74 1943-44 _ i 6,020,890 1,582.7 9,118,049 70.3 66 1945-46 _ 26,227,349 1,640.4 8,780,020 64.0 71 1 Does not include 9,727 children in residential schools for exceptional children. Data for such schccls are not available for earlier years. 2 Does not include 9,784 children in residential schools for exceptional children. In 1939-40, the last year for which data have been published for special classes in the public-school systems, there were 314,000 elementary and secondary pupils in these classes. An incomplete, unpublished study for 1945-46 shows that with the 1,000,000 decrease in the number of children enrolled in the elementary schools since 1939-40, there has^also been a decrease in the enrollment in special schools and classes for excep¬ tional children in the public-school system. Pupils in State or private residential institutions for various types of exceptional children numbered 71,458 in 1939-40, while in 1945-46 there were reported 63,137 pupils in these institutions. 12 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Private Elementary and Secondary Schools Private elementary and secondary enrollments have increased more rapidly than public-school enrollments. In 1943-44 there were 2,088,000 private elementary pupils and 446,000 private secondary pupils, or a total of 2,534,000 in the continental United States. By 1945-46 this number had increased to 2,278,000 elementary pupils and 573,000 high- school pupils, a total of 2,851,000, an increase of 317,000, or 12.5 percent (table 6). During the same period public-school enrollments decreased 31,000, or about 0.2 of 1 percent. Graduates High-School The number of high-school graduates reached a peak in 1941-42 when 1,242,000 young people graduated from high school (table 13). Due to the war the number decreased to 1,019,000 in 1943-44. The year 1945-46 showed an increase to 1,080,000. The year 1946-47, when reports are completed, promises another 100,000 increase in graduates. Under normal conditions approximately one-third of the high-school graduates were entering college. War conditions lessened the percentage, but since the war many ex-service men and others have continued then- delayed education. Table 14 shows that while approximately half of the persons of high-school graduating age were graduating in 1939-40, the effects of the war were only partially counteracted by 1945-46 when about 45.5 percent of the children were completing their high-school education. College The number of first degrees granted by colleges prior to the war reached the highest point in 1939-40 when 186,500 degrees were granted (table 13). From this date, the number of degrees decreased to 125,875 in 1943-44. Since that time the number of degrees increased to 136,000 in 1945-46. The number of masters’ degrees gradually increased until 1939-40, when there were 26,731 (table 13). This number decreased to 13,414 in 1943-44. The number again increased to 19,209 in 1945-46. The number of doctors, degrees granted gradually increased to 3,497 in 1941-42 and then decreased until 1945-46, when the number was only 1,966 (table 13). Table 13. — High-school and college graduates from publicly and privately controlled schools, 1927-28 to 1945-46 13 Statistical Summary of Education 1 Does not include the M. D. and similar First Professional degrees. 14 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Table 14. — Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools, per 1 00 persons 1 7 years of age, 1 869-70 to 1 945-46 Number Number Number graduated Year graduated from 17 years per 100 persons high school of age 1 17 years of age 1 2 3 4 1869-70. _ _ _ 16,000 815,000 2.0 1879-80.. _ 23,634 946,026 2.5 1889-90 _ _ _ 43,731 1,259,177 3.5 1899-1900 _ 94,883 1,489,146 6.4 1909-10.. _ _ _ 156,429 1,786,240 8.8 1919-20 _ 311,266 1,855,173 16.8 1929-30 _ 666,904 2,295,822 29.0 1939-40 _ 1,221,475 2,403,074 50.8 1941-42 _ 1,242,375 2,531,553 49.1 1943-44 _ 1,019,233 2,384,040 42.8 1945-46 _ 1,080,033 2,374,234 45.5 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census and estimates. Statistical Summary of Education 15 Selected Data for State School Systems Because of the wide demand for certain items of public-school statistics for each State by persons who do not need the complete detail given in Statistics of State School Systems , four tables (3, 15, 16, and 17) of such data are included in this summary. Most of these items indicate the differences that exist among States. While the average length of school term for the Nation was 176.8 days, Illinois showed a term-length average of 188.7 days as compared with Mississippi with an average length of 162.6 days, a difference of more than 5 weeks of school (table 15). The variation in the length of term tends to become less as the States with shorter terms tend to increase the term more rapidly than States with longer terms. Eight States, 3 fewer than in 1943-44, had terms of less than 170 days, and the same 12 States as in 1943-44 have terms of 180 days or more. In 1945-46 the following States had terms of less than 165 days: Tennessee, 164.5 days; Kentucky, 164.1 days; Arkansas, 163.2 days; and Mississippi, 162.6 days. The 4 States having the longest terms were: Illinois, 188.7 days; Maryland, 185.5 days; Delaware, 183.8 days; and Pennsylvania, 183.1 days. The annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense, interest, and capital outlay increased from $124.67 in 1943-44 to $144.62 in 1945-46 (table 16). Costs varied widely among States. In 1945-46, 5 States, Tennessee, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, and Mis¬ sissippi, spent less than $80 per year per pupil in average daily attendance. During the same period Montana, New Jersey, New York, Washington, and California spent more than $185 per year. Table 17, which is the historical table covering the period between 1869-70 and 1945-46, shows the following outstanding changes in these 76 years: 1. Number of classroom teachers from 200,515 to 831,026. 2. Value of school property from $130,383,008 to $8,190,858,063, a change from $19 to $352 per pupil enrolled. 3. Enrollment in high schools from 1.2 to 24.1 percent of total enrollment. 4. Average number of days attended by each child 5-17 years of age in the population from 44.7 days to 121.2 days. 5. Percent of State support from 18.4 percent in 1899-1900 to 33.9 in 1945-46 (46 years). 6. Average annual salaries of teachers from $189 to $1,995. 7. Average annual total expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance from $15.55 to $144.62. 16 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Table 15. — Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios, number of administrative units, and 1 -teacher schools, by State, 1945-46 State Average length of school term Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily Percent of estimated popu¬ lation 5-17 years of age enrolled in public schools Percent of total enrollment in secondary grades 9-12 and post graduate Number of pupils in aver¬ age daily attendance per teacher Percent of pupils enrolled transported at public expense Number of administrative units Number of one-teacher schools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States 176.8 150.6 85.3 80.5 24.1 23.9 21.7 101,273 86,563 Alabama _ _ — 169.8 141.7 83.4 84.4 16.7 27.2 36.6 108 1.125 Arizona _ - - - _ 166.7 147.9 88.7 73.0 20.9 24.4 27.2 338 94 Arkansas _ _ _ 163.2 133.9 82.0 79.6 17.1 26.2 33.2 2.179 1.998 California _ 175.0 144.4 82.5 88.4 25.3 27.9 15.1 2.629 913 Colorado.. - 177.1 150.4 84.9 84.1 23.6 21.0 18.1 1.871 1.048 Connecticut _ - - 180.4 159.5 88.4 75.2 27.6 22.9 18.6 171 133 Delaware _ - 183.8 158.8 86.4 75.8 25.0 22.2 24.6 17 55 Florida _ _ 176.1 158.0 89.7 81.5 20.9 24.4 30.2 67 521 Georgia _ _ _ 179.7 145.8 81.2 85.5 18.3 24.9 27.2 208 1.972 Idaho _ - - . 172.6 152.4 88.3 85.6 26.4 24.6 27.2 1.114 309 Illinois _ - - 188.7 161.6 85.6 76.3 28.2 22.5 5.7 9.861 7.625 Indiana _ 171.0 141.6 82.8 85.8 26.7 25.0 35.5 1.131 616 Iowa _ 176.3 148.3 84.1 87.5 24.8 19.2 21.9 4.775 6.768 Kansas — 172.6 142.6 82.6 90.9 26.3 19.0 6.9 6.906 4.432 Kentucky _ 164.1 131.1 79.9 75.2 16.0 24.7 29.5 256 3.573 Louisiana-. -. — 172.4 145.9 84.6 71.8 15.0 26.9 36.1 67 922 Maine _ 178.7 161.4 90.3 77.4 21.4 22.1 27.6 115 815 Maryland _ _ 185.5 160.3 86.4 72.1 21.1 28.3 28.6 24 186 Massachusetts. . . 176.7 153.8 87.1 72.1 28.5 21.9 12.2 351 176 Michigan - — 180.0 161.8 89.9 74.7 26.7 26.2 12.2 4.572 3.374 Minnesota - - - 173.1 148.0 85.5 79.8 26.7 20.9 19.5 7.657 4.853 Mississippi _ 162.6 139.6 85.9 89.5 13.3 30.1 36.2 4.194 2.121 Missouri _ -- -- 181.4 154.5 85.2 83.1 23.4 23.1 17.7 8.558 5.482 Montana _ _ -- 174.9 148.4 84.8 82.1 26.7 17.2 30.5 1.382 987 Nebraska - . . 177.2 153.1 86.4 86.1 27.9 16.4 2.2 6.987 4.828 Nevada - - — 178.8 145.5 81.4 102.8 23.6 20.5 13.9 237 86 New Hampshire _ 174.1 151.6 87.1 68.0 27.0 19.3 23.3 240 206 New Jersey _ _ 181.3 156.6 86.4 85.8 29.1 21.0 15.8 563 95 New Mexico _ 180.0 138.4 76.9 83.0 17.2 25.9 22.5 103 263 New York _ _ _ 180.8 149.2 82.5 80.2 31.3 21.2 11.1 5.112 2.009 North Carolina _ 179.9 159.0 88.4 83.6 16.3 29.3 37.9 171 811 North Dakota. _ 168.5 148.9 88.4 78.0 23.9 15.5 15.0 2.273 2.933 Ohio _ 178.0 160.7 90.3 77.3 26.6 25.3 25.3 1.622 571 Oklahoma.. _ 175.0 148.5 84.8 84.3 23.6 24.8 26.1 4.416 1.948 Oregon _ _ _ 174.2 142.9 82.0 84.4 26.4 24.3 16.9 1.607 549 Pennsylvania _ 183.1 161.9 88.4 76.4 29.0 24.7 15.5 2.543 3.621 Rhode Island _ _ _ 180.0 152.3 84.6 72.0 26.1 21.2 9.8 39 30 South Carolina _ 172.1 137.9 80.1 83.5 19.3 23.5 18.3 1.703 1.082 South Dakota _ _ _ 174.0 149.6 86.0 80.8 25.5 14.4 8.9 3.415 3.402 Tennessee _ 164.5 138.9 84.4 80.8 17.2 25.5 27.4 152 2.318 Texas _ _ 174.1 143.9 82.6 78.3 22.3 23.8 30.1 3.605 1.825 Utah _ 174.1 156.2 89.7 86.9 27.4 28.9 25.0 40 32 Vermont _ 161.1 1155.6 i 96.6 69.3 22.1 22.0 15.2 269 650 Virginia. _ _ 180.0 155.4 86.4 81.2 21.4 28.5 36.4 124 1.379 Washington _ 178.4 138.6 77.7 88.6 24.2 24.4 29.8 691 159 West Virginia _ 175.1 157.0 89.7 83.7 20.6 24.4 34.4 55 2.658 Wisconsin . _ 179.0 159.9 89.3 73.5 28.7 21.9 10.7 6.393 4.627 Wyoming _ _ 174.6 135.3 77.5 90.6 24.8 17.9 25.3 361 382 District of Columbia _ 177.4 146.8 82.8 84.0 25.2 24.4 .1 1 1 Outlying parts of the United States. -. _ 186.3 166.0 89.1 56.5 13.7 30.5 0.2 133 1.087 Alaska _ 180.0 140.5 78.0 43.5 19.4 18.9 11.6 66 35 Canal Zone 194.0 169.5 87.4 97.3 18.0 20.0 1 1 Hawaii 179 0 163 6 91.4 67.7 28.9 23.3 1 11 Puerto Rico _ 188.0 167.0 88.8 52.7 10.3 36.9 .03 63 1.040 Virgin Islands _ 66.2 10.1 2 Based on average daily membership. Statistical Summary of Education 17 Table 16. — Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1945-46 Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental sources Average annual salary of Average expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance Value of school property State Federal State County Local princi¬ pals, super¬ visors, and teachers Current expense Interest Capital outlay per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States 1.8 34.7 6.1 57.9 $1,995 $135.15 $3.88 $5.59 $413 Alabama _ _ 3.7 67.5 16.3 12.5 1,276 68.54 .61 3.52 125 Arizona _ 1.0 46.4 3.5 49.1 2,167 136.93 2.18 15.58 247 Arkansas _ 3.1 57.0 2.7 37.2 1,068 64 . 76 2.10 4.34 163 California _ _ . _ 1.8 42.3 .9 55.0 2,987 168.19 4.53 13.35 549 Colorado __ __ _ .5 9.1 13.8 76.6 1,822 136.12 3.06 8.75 405 .5 14.7 84.8 2,393 2,202 168.65 3.79 6.59 507 1.7 87.2 11.1 152.01 1.99 4.04 590 Florida _ 1.9 43.4 31.1 23.6 1,719 103.31 5.77 5.98 272 Georgia 6.3 50.9 21.1 21.7 1,081 63.96 3.50 2.92 173 Idaho _ _ .7 16.6 16.7 66.0 1,672 116.55 1.66 3.81 323 Illinois _ _ .5 15.2 .1 84.2 2,280 161.48 3.91 8.12 325 Indiana. .. _ .6 38.3 .6 60.5 2,143 144.54 2.12 6.00 395 Iowa _ .7 3.8 .6 94.9 1,676 143.89 1.98 7.76 392 Kansas _ _ . .6 6.1 6.7 86.6 1,666 141.25 2.11 5.47 365 Kentucky 4.0 46.1 23.6 26.3 1,295 86.33 .94 3.14 217 Louisiana _ . _ 5.9 58.3 30.6 5.2 1,537 101.36 3.02 3.84 282 Maine. ... _ 1.1 25.4 73.5 1,409 109 . 38 1.00 1.32 323 Maryland. _ 1.1 29.8 33.4 35.7 2,262 126.00 4.82 8.82 381 M assachusetts .4 12.9 86.7 2,512 2,337 179.71 .54 1.33 624 Michigan _ . _ 1.9 46.8 .6 50.7 144.13 2.77 6.96 573 Minnesota .. _ . .8 33.4 1.3 64.5 1,878 155.19 1.29 4.28 521 Mississippi _ 2.9 47.0 16.1 34.0 856 46.32 .32 .85 118 Missouri ... _ _ .7 38.3 1.7 59.3 1,793 137.36 2.03 8.16 399 Montana _ _ .9 19.5 41.9 37.7 1,838 215.44 2.98 7.26 482 Nebraska _ _ .8 4.8 2.0 92.4 1,514 141.38 2.49 3.31 434 Nevada _. 3.6 21.1 49.6 25.7 1 ,992 162.32 2.01 6.27 438 New Hampshire .8 7.1 92.1 1,530 135.02 1.10 3.72 466 New Jersey .7 15.6 12.0 71.7 2,561 210.81 9.98 2.61 687 New Mexico _ .9 86.8 5.3 7.0 1,970 134.60 1.44 3.78 277 New York _ _ _ .4 34.1 65.5 2,946 208 . 70 12.36 2.30 799 North Carolina 5.5 69.3 17.7 7.5 1,602 81.16 2.48 4.38 194 North Dakota ._ _ .6 21.3 6.6 71.5 1,469 138.02 2.42 3.65 381 Ohio 1.2 37.3 61.5 2,165 1,796 146.62 4.02 5.23 487 Oklahoma. _ _ _ 2.5 53.8 2.6 41.1 111.86 1.35 2.97 250 Oregon. _ _ ... .6 30.1 10.6 58.7 2,164 154 . 74 2.57 11.97 359 Pennsylvania _ . .5 30.0 69.5 2,124 144.38 5.40 3.30 525 Rhode Island _ . . 1.0 8.6 90.4 2,098 1,152 160.85 11.74 1.55 652 South Carolina ... 1.2 58.1 9.2 31.5 74.30 2.74 3.46 168 South Dakota. _ .. .9 9.0 1.6 88.5 1,530 153.93 2.36 3.92 483 Tennessee 1.3 36.8 45.8 16.1 1,287 76.10 .54 2.17 140 Texas _ .6 41.2 58.2 1,640 118.11 5.61 10.69 322 Utah _ 2.8 43.7 53.5 2,016 1,692 1,574 128.61 2.25 8.49 367 Vermont 1.2 24.0 74.8 121.89 .93 3.63 306 Virginia. _ 1.0 44.1 32.8 22.1 92.29 .80 6.12 234 Washington 4.5 56.7 3.0 35.8 2,547 183.33 1.84 11.27 426 West Virginia .7 59.3 40.0 1,676 2,002 100.32 2.87 4.76 262 Wisconsin _ _ 1.1 19.5 5.4 74.0 146.72 5.73 1.86 511 Wyoming 11.3 24.8 14.0 49.9 1,654 171.38 4.51 7.17 383 District of Columbia.. .3 8.0 91.7 2,637 172.22 3.72 740 Table 17. — Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1869-70 to 1945-46 18 'Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 1945-46 - 139,893,406 28,943,947 23,299,941 5,622,197 19,848,507 3,508,623,803 831,026 138,209 692,817 6 209,309 88,190,858,063 CM 1 CO CO s a% in o £ 27,326,212 1,881,912,979 1,037,039,529 113,565,912 $2,906,886,441 111,046,088 1,843,647,378 952,192,975 20.7 16.7 80.5 24.1 1932-44 o 138,083,449 28,930,000 23,266,616 5,553,520 19,602,772 3,440,876,724 827,990 1 126,672 701,318 209,309 $7,928,129,584 $2,604,322,427 24,984,047 1,646,498,185 831,968,626 100,871,569 $2,452,581,036 53,856,462 1,551,275,675 847,448,899 21.0 16.9 80.4 23.9 1939-40 04 131,891,632 29,805,259 25,433,542 6,601,444 22,042,151 3,858,012,335 875,477 194,725 680,752 226,762 $7,635,112,546 $2,260,527,045 23,104,293 1,490,424,784 658,983,264 88,014,704 $2,344,048,927 257,973,601 1,369,510,172 716,565,154 22.6 19.3 85.3 26.0 1929-30 00 122,775,046 31,571,322 25,678,015 4,399,422 21,264,886 3,672,765,005 CO vo \S) 00 141,771 712,492 247,289 $6,211,327,040 $2,088,556,837 27,516,517 1,645,687,651 329,312,434 86,040,235 $2,316,790,384 370,877,969 1,295,201,424 650,710,991 25.7 20.9 81.3 17.1 1919-20 r* 105,710,620 27,728,788 21,578,316 2,200,389 16,150,035 2,615,161,151 679,302 95,654 583,648 271,319 $2,409,719,120 OO I e> o CM © i- o% 26,036,098 758,896,551 134,278,753 50,908,896 © o CM m ID cn © ** 153,542,852 613,404,578 269,203,779 26.2 20.4 77.8 10.2 1909-10 VD 91,972,266 24,239,948 17,813,852 3 519,251 12,827,307 2,011,477,065 523,210 110,481 412,729 265,474 $1,091,007,512 $433,063,697 14,096,555 312,221,582 64,604,701 42,140,859 $426,250,434 69,978,370 253,915,170 102,356,894 26.4 19.4 73.5 5.1 1899-1900 in 75,602,515 21,404,322 15,503,110 3 519,251 10,632,772 1,534,822,633 423,062 126,588 296,474 248,279 $550,069,217 $219,765,989 9,152,274 149,486,845 37,886,740 23,240,130 $214,964,618 35,450,820 137,687,746 41,826,052 28.3 20.5 72.4 3.3 1889-90 62,622,250 18,543,201 12,722,631 3 202,963 8,153,635 1,098,232,725 363,922 125,525 238,397 224,526 $342,531,791 $143,194,806 7,744,765 97,222,426 26,345,323 11,882,292 $140,506,715 26,207,041 91,836,484 22,463,190 29.6 20.3 68.6 1.6 1879-80 CO 50,155,783 15,065,767 9,867,395 3 110,277 6,144,143 800,719,970 286,593 122,795 163,798 178,122 $209,571,718 ! i i i 1 ! ! ! ! 111! I i 1 1 $78,094,687 55,942,972 30.1 19.7 65.5 1.1 1869-70 cm 38,558,371 12,055,443 6,871,522 2 3 80,227 4,077,347 539,053,423 200,515 77,529 122,986 116,312 $130,383,008 i | i ill! $63,396,666 37,832,566 31.3 17.8 57.0 1.2 Item A. — General Statistics Total population L _ Children 5-17 years of age, inclusive 1 _ Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) _ Pupils enrolled in public high schools Average daily attendance.. _ Total number of days attended by all pupils. . Total teachers _ . _ _ _ . Men _ _ Women. _ __ Number of schoolhouses _ Value of all school property _ B. — Financial Statistics Total revenue receipts _ Income from permanent funds and lands _ County and local taxes and appropriations. __ State taxes and appropriations _ All other sources _ _ _ _ _ Total expenditures _ _ ... Sites, buildings, furniture, libraries and ap¬ paratus _ _ _ Salaries of superintendents, supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers _ All other purposes. .. _ C. — Derived Statistics Percent school population is of total popula¬ tion _ _ Percent of total population enrolled Percent of children 5-17 years of age (in¬ clusive) enrolled _ Percent of pupils in high school _ _ _ Statistical Summary of Education 19 »o 00^ 05 0^*0 05 csi eo ^ 2 cd-*r 12 ~ S.ff 7 I >-5 CO 05 £• O • -*« S g-s^s o-Sglj t 8.2* •gjs S i'S ooo>g — 05 si S - s- *-« CO N»OW ^ ^ CO 05 J5 CO CO 00 »C CO 5J 05 CO CO ^ o ^ oo oo »d cd co 8 — oo «o eoe4 2 40 ^ *" !~ i I I -"»< NN® I - !5 ! ! 5 i- 1 | -o !*o |l : e ,2 11 r it "3 a S U9 I ! a • h S'C " a. - ' 'o o - ! ! il s-isjg Ili£a : a a7- P * -o ! o.s a — a a a o. i , « I 08 . L. m&s. i ® 5 «_ tif.2 MRS rs fcc -o ' >> c3 co 03 Q. c$ 03 * S fc 3 fc G a |"S 2 Ph 8*8^ S®g|l-2 :»2il!l|l!l < « It! g ll^SiS E-H <3 a 20 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Higher Education Enrollments A great change in enrollment and composition of student body has come since the war. In higher education in 1943-44 there were 578,948 men and 576,324 women, a total of 1,155,272. The total included 270,034 men and 7,721 women full-time military students. Enrollments in 1945-46 had increased to 927,662 men and 749,189 women, or a total of 1,676,851 (table 18). This compares with the previous high of 1,494,203 in 1939-40. Ex-service personnel will probably increase the above amounts considerably for several years. Other types of enrollments in 1945-46 not included above in the regular session resident students were: Resident noncollegiate (elementary and secondary) _ 100,963 Nonresident collegiate and noncollegiate _ 535,957 Short courses _ 68,739 Individual instruction _ 51,848 Summer session _ 515,602 The sum of the students enrolled in each of the foregoing groups would not represent the exact total number of different students attending college since many of the students take more than one short course. The same student may be both a resident and nonresident student during the year. Many summer students also register for the regular term. The relationship of college enrollments to the number of persons of college age, 18 to 21, reached 15 per 100 in 1939-40 (table 19). Because almost half a million veterans were enrolled, most of whom were more than 21 years of age, these have been excluded in calculating the relation¬ ship of the number enrolled per 100, age 18-21, in 1945-46. The 13 per 100 within the age group, is still below the prewar standards, Even in¬ cluding the unknown number of veterans over 21 who graduated in 1946, the relationship of the total number of graduates to the number of persons of graduating age, 5.7 per 100 age 21, was still considerably below the prewar average of 7.9 per 100 (table 20). The enrollments of more than half a million students in the summer session of 1945 and another half million in extension and correspondence work on the collegiate or noncollegiate level in institutions of higher education in 1945-46, were higher than at any time for which data since 1920 are available (table 21). Staff The full-time equivalent of the number of personnel, including all pro¬ fessional, administrative, and instructional staff, increased from 131,552 in 1939-40 to 136,032 in 1945-46 (table 18). Although there were con¬ siderable fluctuations in enrollment, the staff had an orderly slow increase. Statistical Summary of Education 21 The full-time equivalent of all personnel is arrived at by reducing all part-time employees to the equivalent of full-time employment, and adding this to the number of full-time employees. During the low enroll¬ ment war years the staff had to handle not only the usual courses for regular session civilian students, hut all the work for military and ex- service students and much special research. Staff therefore, did not decrease. Finance Receipts of colleges and universities may be classified as follows: 1. Funds specifically designated for additions to physical plant, endowments, and other nonexpendable funds. 2. Funds to be used for educational and general purposes. 3. Funds for auxiliary enterprises and activities. Funds designated for additions to physical plant amounted to $66,208,- 774 in 1939-40, decreased to $22,586,984 during 1943-44, but increased to $121,836,778 during 1945-46. Receipts for educational and general purposes gradually increased from $571,288,116 in 1939-40 to $924,958,- 233 iD 1945-46. The part of these receipts that came from Federal, State, and local governments increased from $214,474,746 in 1939-40 to $509,- 780,409 in 1943-44, and decreased to $453,416,207 in 1945-46. Much of the increase was due to Federal aid during the war. Auxiliary enter¬ prises and activities consist largely of dormitories, dining halls, and other activities for the comfort and well-being of students. Increases in expendi¬ tures for these items are partly due to higher costs of services. Junior Colleges The growth of junior colleges since 1919-20 is shown in table 22. The number of public junior colleges has increased rapidly, from 10 institutions with an enrollment of 2,940 in 1919-20 to 235 with an enrollment of 109,640 in 1945-46. About half of this enrollment was in California, where the public junior college has made its greatest expansion. In addition to regular day students, California had 40,000 students in evening and part-time classes. These classes are mostly terminal in nature and cover a wide scope. While the enrollment in public junior colleges has increased 36 times in 26 years, that in private junior colleges has increased 8 times in the same period. There were 42 private junior colleges with an enrollment of 5,162 in 1919-20. The number of institutions increased to 225 with an enrollment of 46,816 in 1945-46. 22 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Table 18. — Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1939-40, 1943-44, and 1945-46 Item 1939-40 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 1,751 1,742 1,768 A. Staff, students, and degrees: Number reporting staff, students, and degrees _ Staff (full-time equivalent) : 1 Total _ _ _ _ 1,708 1,650 1,768 131,552 1,34,451 136,032 94 , 536 37,016 93,794 40,657 93,876 42,156 Resident college enrollment: 2 1,494,203 877,517 1,676,851 2 893,250 600,953 308,914 568,603 927,662 749,189 456,679 376,334 515,602 185,277 271,402 133,881 242,453 226,421 289,181 Third week of fall term (men and women) Students enrolled for first time (men and women) _ 1,364,815 417,550 733,190 251,071 1,073,904 474 , 859 Arts and sciences: U ndergraduate _ 744,827 610,617 (3) Men _ _ __ __ 406,556 338,271 255,235 355,382 (3) (3) Women _ Graduate _ 54,584 28,117 (3) Men 33,711 20,873 13,923 14,194 (3) (3) Women _ Professional schools: Undergraduate _ 646,999 489,243 (3) Men _ 424,487 222,512 290,934 198,309 (3) (3) Women _ Graduate _ 51,535 31,114 (3) Men _ _ _ _ 33,917 17,618 17,137 13,977 (3) (3) Women _ Degrees: Bachelors (including first professional) _ Men 186,500 125,875 136,174 109 , 829 76,671 55,876 69,999 58,664 77,510 Women _ Masters _ _ _ 26,731 13,414 19,209 Men _ _ 16,508 10,223 5,711 7,703 9,484 9,725 Women Doctors _ 3,290 2,305 1,966 Men _ _ 2,861 429 1,880 425 1,580 386 Women. _ Honorary (men and women) _ 1,452 1,292 (3) Statistical Summary of Education 23 Table 18. — Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1939-40, 1943-44, and 1945-46 — Continued Item 1939-40 1943—14 1945-46 1 2 3 4 B. Receipts: 1,609 1,563 1,768 Receipts specifically designated for additions to: $66,208,774 38,688,220 2,305,870 1,043,057 2,480,537 $22,586,984 59,990,791 2,451,404 2,022,007 5,224,102 $121,836,778 (1 2 3) (3 5) (3) (3) 571,288,116 863,653,882 $924,958,233 200,896,617 71,304,241 38,859,955 151,222,535 24,392,256 40,452,846 32,776,630 11,383,036 154,485,024 75,195,922 308,163,199 175,168,554 26,448,656 50,449,232 53,576,346 20,166,949 214,344,194 89,762,843 197,250,216 225,161,280 31,004,711 77,572,200 67,083,673 22,779,116 County, city, and district governments _ Private gifts and grants _ - _ _ Sales and services of organized activities _ Miscellaneous and 11nit.enr117.pd sources. _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ 143,923,145 183,643,547 $244,435,548 C. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures _ 1,609 1,563 1,768 Educational and general: Administration and general expense _ $62,826,835 280,247,703 27.266,103 19,487,079 69,611,807 27,224,769 $69,668,093 334,188,458 58,456,027 20,452,395 81,200,663 48,414,985 $104,808,424 375,121,798 86,811,655 26,560,332 110,947,104 60,603,890 Resident instruction _ _ _ Organized research _ Libraries _ _ . _ _ Physical plant operation and maintenance. . Organized activities related to instruction _ Subtotal _ _ _ _ 486,664,296 35,325,461 612,380,621 44,421,198 $764,853,203 55,473,093 Extension _ _ _ Total educational and general expendi¬ tures _ _ _ 521,989,757 656,801,819 $820,326,296 Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ _ 124,184,299 28,514,329 83,764,961 199,344,036 20,928,193 27,427,134 242,027,526 26,067,866 71,402,530 Other noneducational expenditures. _ Capital outlay _ _ D. Property: Number reporting property _ _ 1,440 (3) (3) Total _ $4,518,383,918 (3) (3) Endowment funds 6 _ 1,686,282,767 49,536,799 28,784,189 2,303,302,488 450,477,675 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Annuity funds. _ _ Student loan funds. . . . _ _ Grounds, buildings, and improvements 7 _ Equipment _ _ _ _ 1 Administrative and instructional. 2 Revised since original publication. 3 Information not available. 4 Excluding receipts specially designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds. 5 Including funds temporarily functioning as endowments. 6 Including unexpended plant funds. 24 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944--46 Table 19. — College enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889-90 to 1945-46 Year Enrollment Population 18-21 years of age Number enrolled per 100 persons 18-21 years of age Number Percent' increase since 1889-90 Number Percent increase since 1889-90 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 _ 156,756 5,151,067 3 1899-1900 _ 237,592 51.6 5,930,765 15.1 4 1909-10. . _ 355,215 126.6 7,335,453 42.4 5 1919-20 _ 597,880 281.4 7,343,794 42.6 8 1929-30 _ 1,100,737 602.2 9,026,741 75.2 12 1939-40 _ 1,494,203 853.2 9,753,537 89.3 15 1941-42 _ 1,403,990 795.7 19,748,891 89.3 14 1943-44 _ 1,155,272 637.0 19,548,056 85.4 12 1945-46 _ 1,676,851 969.7 19,353,973 81.6 2 13 1 Estimated. 2 The 462,079 veteran students, most of whom were over 21 years of age, have been excluded in calcu¬ lating this percentage. Table 20. — Number of persons graduated from college, per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1945-46 Year Number graduated from college 1 Number of persons 21 years of age 2 3 Number graduated per 100 persons 21 years of age 1 2 3 4 1869-70 _ 9,371 725,000 1.3 1879-80 _ 10,353 998,964 1.0 1889-90 _ 14,306 1,246,876 1.1 1899-1900 _ 25,324 1,426,849 1.8 1909-10 _ 34,178 1,789,404 1.9 1919-20.. _ _ _ _ 48,622 1,821,712 2.7 1929-30 _ _ _ _ _ 122,484 2,211,031 5.5 1939-40 _ _ _ 186,500 2,367,661 7.9 1941-42 _ 185,346 3 2,531,553 7.3 1943-44 _ 125,875 3 2,384,040 5.3 1945-46. _ _ 136,174 3 2,374,234 5.7 1 Bachelors and first professional degrees only. 2 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 3 Estimated Statistical Summary of Education 25 Table 21. — Enrollment in summer-session and extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1945-46 Year Enrollment Enrollment Summer session1 Extension and corres¬ pondence work 2 Year Summer session 1 Extension and correspondence work Collegiate Noncollegiate 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1919-20 _ 132,489 220,311 278,125 340,461 382,776 388 , 7 55 414,260 101 , 662 155,163 194,147 324,819 360,246 354,133 440,186 1933-34 _ 303,754 370,026 429 , 864 456,679 426,849 479,326 515,602 208,507 251,469 295,351 292,236 278,554 244,842 2 535,957 45,484 46,452 75,822 70,145 83,833 98,496 (2) 1921-22 _ 1935-36 _ 1923-24... _. 1937-38 _ 1925-26 .. 1939-40... 1927-28. . 1941—42 _ 1929-30 _ 1943-44 _ 1931-32 _ 1945-46 _ 1 For odd years. 2 Break-down by level not available before 1931-32 or for 1945-46. Table 22. — Number of junior colleges, and enrollment in junior colleges, 1919-20 to 1945-46 Year Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1919-20 _ 52 8,102 10 2,940 42 5,162 1921-22 _ 80 12,124 17 4,771 63 7,353 1923-24 _ 132 20,559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ 153 27,095 47 13,859 106 13,236 1927-28 _ 248 44,855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30 _ 277 55,616 129 36,501 148 19,115 1931-32 _ 342 85,063 159 58,887 183 26,176 1933-34 _ 322 78,480 152 55,869 170 22,611 1935-36 _ 415 102,453 187 70,557 228 31,896 1937-38 _ 453 121,510 209 82,041 244 39,469 1939-40 _ 456 149,854 217 107,553 239 42,301 1941—42 _ 461 141,272 231 100,783 230 40,489 1943-44 _ 413 84,616 210 56,439 203 28,177 1945-46 _ 460 156,456 235 109,640 225 46,816 Teachers The total number of teachers in all schools, exclusive of supervisors and principals in the public-school system and all administrative officers, decreased from 1,104,283 in 1939-40 during the war, to 1,053,646 in 1943-44. The number increased to 1,078,379 in 1945-46, including more than 100,000 with emergency teaching certificates only. Since the war, more men have entered the profession, some taking positions formerly held by women (table 23). Increasing birthrates and the resulting increase of enrollments will necessitate many additional teachers. This will immediately affect elementary schools where the supply of qualified teachers is already short. Table 23. — Number of teachers in schools and colleges, by type of school, and by sex, 1929-30 to 1945-46 26 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 1945-46 Women 0) 0) (0 © 04 GO NN CO 00 1"- i-H O 04 >-i © ©00© -0 -0 © GO O ©t- 04 t0 CO ©©© t- © © ©O ©©04 © -0 7-h TJH O© 0004 „ CO c 0 N a © s ce § r» § N ©oo © © © ©©r-i oo -0 b- •-ICO © OO C4 ©HN ^ © © ©b- 04 00 © ©CO© «-H « © T0© CONh ©*'©.-< 1943-44 © £ o £ r» © © © ©04 04 © •— i ©-<0© © © © ■>0© f--H00 IN©© © © © ©b- 04t-00 »-i©© © © 04 b- — 1 T0 © •-! © *~ b^ T0 *’ CO O© © rH . (N _ _ lI3 O T—l lO r~ — * g 2 © s GO © 04 0* ©O 04 © © 03 03 »— I t- 04 © ©IN CC©b- 04C0© © © © cor- r-©© ©N© -h © H© -*!—<»—* ©** r0 l-< ® 04 ©« ©^ „ b- «a «- -1 © <&> CO © (3 0 s o £ © © 05 © GO 508,060 61,800 173,440 18,583 1,753 7 5,737 i 657 7 24,176 ® 4,599 947 ii 3,400 § -* n © « o r- t-t-oo © © © r- oo © ©-0<©, © © O © © •— 1 O 00©© ©©© H <# 00 r^© ©— ih ■#'*© h 04 © 04 •— 1 „ oo * 1 t- >1 1929-30 fl © s o £ M o» © •># © s 573,718 4 60,101 138,774 * 13,631 1,251 7,588 880 15,112 86,571 1,132 102,211 c © 2 N ** 67,239 4 1,466 74,532 < 8,157 1,564 5,315 680 55,297 « 1,578 447 io 1,863 Type of school, by level Total. . . . . ... . Kindergarten and elementary schools: Public _ _ _ _ _ Private _ Secondary schools: Public 6 _ Private 6 _ _ Noncollegiate departments of colleges _ Higher education: Normal schools and teachers colleges: Public _ _ Private _ _ _ _. _ Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ Residential schools for exceptional children _ _ Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans _ Private commercial, and business schools _ V. o. X! 05 3 fl. 0. O o t. 03 03 rC-f5 CO$ ft's Vg s, 03 caU .So ; -o ^ C2 © a is: ® * c § J o| 'Sftj ts ® §-.2 ^ft •go'* ft0(N (-» -O JS C3 'S a *3 8 § jo S £ £ •gl c3 03 gT3T3 . •c? o • >> -S .2 O 3 3 00 04 4, iS f- XJ <33 So £.2.2^2^ ® £ 33S"(N'^ 7:}(N-r3(N’^ S? >--£-£©© fc. 0303 303 ® ® .2 § . « T3 n » oj e8 05j3 e3£ * S ^.S ^ O O c3 c3 qJ © o3 2 o3 cgQQQQQ^QQQw^W Statistical Summary of Education 27 Table 24. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1945-46 Type Number of schools Number of instructional staff Number of pupils 1 2 3 4 Grand Total (all high schools) _ ________ 24,314 23,947 326,776 7,140,164 6,919,624 Total high schools with 10 or more pupils, regu¬ lar and reorganized _____ _ _ 321,994 Junior High Total _ 2,647 54,570 1,276,358 White or white and Negro, 11 grades (followed by 2-year 15 231 6,006 276 55,233 2,157 Negro, 11 grades (followed by 2-year senior high school) _ White or white and Negro, 12 grades (followed by 2-year senior high school) _ __ _ _ Negro, 12 grades (followed by 2-year senior high school) _ 3 133 33 8 2,454 116 White or white and Negro, 11 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school) _ _ _ _ _ 25 621 14,206 Negro, 11 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school) _ 3 35 881 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school). _ __ _ _ _ _ 2,021 46,697 1,091,386 Negro, 12 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school) _ 90 1,127 29,833 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (followed by 4-year senior high school) _ _ _ _ _ 323 3,280 76,326 Negro, 12 grades (followed by 4-year senior high school) _ 1 1 54 Junior-Senior High Schools Total.. .. ... _ _ _ .. ... _ 3,032 50,021 1,088,581 Negro, 11 grades (2-4 plan). . _ _ . . _ 1 8 118 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (2-4 plan) _ 1,278 16,817 349,383 Negro, 12 grades (2-4 plan) _ . .. _ _. 42 486 12,415 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (3-3 plan) _ 1,421 28,195 612,031 Negro, 12 grades (3-3 plan) _ _ 135 1,740 47,052 White or white and Negro, 11 grades (other than 2-4 or 3-3 plan) _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 1,212 28,774 Negro, 11 grades (other than 2-4 or 3-3 plan).. _ _ _ 19 164 4,403 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (other than 2-4 or 3-3 plan) _ _ _ _ . 41 1,185 27,754 Negro, 12 grades (other than 2-4 or 3-3 plan) _ _ . 7 214 6,651 Undivided High Schools Total _ 3,326 33,772 700,222 White or white and Negro, 11 grades _ 109 941 19,357 Negro, 11 grades _ .. _ _ _ . 24 134 3,764 White or white and Negro, 12 grades _ 2,960 31,144 640,043 Negro, 12 grades _ .. _ _ 233 1,553 37,058 Senior High Schools Total _ . 1,317 51,361 1,159,471 White or white and Negro, 11 grades (separately ad¬ ministered). _ _ _ _ 24 973 21,311 Negro, 11 grades (separately administered) _ _ _ 2 41 555 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (separately ad¬ ministered).. _ _ _ 1,165 45,304 1,026 608 Negro, 12 grades (separately administered) _ .... 16 572 13,537 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (with 1-year junior college) _ _ _ _ . _ _ 3 114 2,507 White or white and Negro, 11 grades (with 2-year junior college) _ _ 1 40 1,023 White or white and Negro, 12 grades (with 2-year junior college _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 102 4,208 91,109 Negro, 12 grades (with 2-year junior college) _ 4 109 _ 2,821 Regular High Schools ===== Total _ 13,625 132,270 2,694,992 White or white and Negro, 11 grades _ _ _ 1,086 8,538 171,990 Negro, 11 grades _ _ _ _ 332 2,045 50,233 White or white and Negro, 12 grades _ 11,382 117,034 2,372,210 Negro, 12 grades _ . _ _ _ 825 4,653 100,559 Total high schools with fewer than 10 pupils _ 234 268 1,533 White or white and Negro _ 180 208 1,174 Negro _ _ 54 60 359 Total, ungraded high schools _ . 133 4,514 219,007 White or white and Negro _ _ Negro _ _ 132} 4,514 \ 218,288 / 719 28 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944-46 Secondary Schools Statistics from individual secondary schools have not been collected for a longer period than for most other types of schools. A study was made in 1937-38 and not again until 1945-46 when all 24,314 secondary schools, i.e., junior, junior-senior, undivided, senior, regular, and vocational schools, day and evening were included. The former study shows an enrollment of 8,016,384 in all types of schools of all sizes, and the latter study 7,140,164, a loss of more than 875,000, or 10.9 percent (table 24). The ratios of urban and rural enrollment have remained about the same for both periods, i. e., 68 percent of the total is urban. The number of high schools with more than 5,000 pupils decreased from 50 in 1938 to 19 in 1946. Most of these are schools with large numbers of part-time students in evening and vocational courses (table 25). Table 25. — Public high schools enrolling more than 5,000 pupils in 1945-46 Rank in size Enroll¬ ment Name of school Location 1 2 3 4 1 9,049 Marina Adult School _ San Francisco, Calif. 2 7,238 Galileo Adult Evening School _ San Francisco, Calif. 3 6,490 Spokane Night School___ _ Spokane, Wash. 4 6,430 Merritt Evening Business School .... ... Oakland, Calif. 5 6,223 Bakersfield Evening High School _ Bakersfield, Calif. 6 6,134 Brooklyn Technical High School _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 7 6,089 Erasmus Hall High School _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 8 5,950 DeWitt Clinton High School _ _ New York, N. Y. 9 5,771 James Monroe High School _ New York, N. Y. 10 5,767 Walton High School _ New York, N. Y. 11 5,671 Austin High School _ Chicago, Ill. 12 5,550 Samuel J. Tilden High School _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 13 5,525 Bay Ridge Evening High School _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 14 5,268 Lane Technical High School _ _ _ Chicago, Ill. 15 5,267 Arsenal Technical High School _ _ Indianapolis, Ind. 16 5,233 Washburne Trade and Continuation High School. Chicago, Ill. 17 5,167 Washburne Evening Trade and Vocational School. Chicago, Ill. 18 5,102 James Madison High School _ _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 19 5,032 Newton High School _ Elmhurst, N. Y. Schools for Negroes Segregation of white and Negro pupils is practiced in 17 States and the District of Columbia (table 26). Negro schools in the segregated States compared with white schools in the same States for 1945-46 as follows: Item White schools Average length of school term _ 175 days Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled _ 149 days Average pupil-teacher load _ 28 pupils Current expense per pupil in average daily attendance $104.66 Average salary per member of instructional staff - $1,640 Negro schools 170 days 139 days 35 pupils $57.57 $1,134 Statistical Summary of Education 29 There are great variations within individual States. In one State we find the following: Item, White schools Average length of term _ 182.6 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled _ 163.9 Average pupil-teacher load _ 30 Current expense per pupil in average daily attendance $75.19 Average salary per member of instructional staff _ $1,165 Table 27 shows the number, staff, enrollments, and graduates in Negro colleges. In addition to institutions in each of the 17 States and the District of Columbia that have segregated school systems, there are two colleges for Negroes in Pennsylvania and one each in Kansas and Ohio. Negro schools 140.7 121.3 42 $14.74 $427 Table 26. — Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 1 7 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 State • Average length of term in days Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Pupil-teacher ratio in ele¬ mentary and secondary schools Current expense per pupil in average daily attendance Average salary per member of instructional staff White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total. . 174.9 170.1 149 .2 139.1 28 35 $104 .66 $57 .57 $1 ,640 $1 ,134 Alabama _ 171.1 167.2 143.2 138.7 31 37 85.46 37.59 1,451 884 Arkansas _ . 167.0 151.3 137.8 121.7 31 37 74.11 34.93 1,163 711 Delaware _ 184.0 183.1 160.1 153.7 25 29 158.04 125.12 2,244 1,976 Florida _ . . 176.1 176.3 158.6 156.4 26 30 134.76 61.75 1,862 1,278 Georgia _ 180.0 179.0 151.6 136.1 28 36 82.57 31.14 1,279 651 Kentucky _ 163.4 173.1 130.3 142.4 31 28 90.05 98.35 1,289 1,367 Louisiana _ 168.6 160.0 143.5 134.3 29 38 136.12 43.81 1,797 948 Maryland. _ 185.4 186.0 161.4 156.4 32 35 130.40 110.66 2,297 2,127 Mississippi _ 182.6 140.7 163.9 121.3 30 42 75.19 14.74 1,165 427 Missouri _ 180.5 192.3 154.7 152.3 27 31 137.68 133.35 1,788 1,853 North Carolina. _ 179.9 179.9 162.4 151.5 32 35 86.05 70.36 1,608 1,587 Oklahoma.. _ 175.0 175.0 148.5 148.0 30 27 111.30 118.32 1,807 1,688 South Carolina. _ 178.1 164.2 147.6 125.9 27 33 100.38 39.64 1,365 834 Tennessee _ 163.1 171.5 138.1 142.7 30 33 80.30 55.74 1,330 1,044 Texas . . . 175.0 169.0 145.6 134.4 28 31 123.14 91.22 1,695 1,315 Virginia _ _ 180.0 180.0 156.7 152.0 31 39 95.68 77.20 1,605 1,475 West Virginia _ 175.1 175.7 156.7 161.6 27 25 100.63 111.47 1,571 1,789 District of Columbia _ 177.4 177.3 143.5 151.1 27 33 190.36 149.42 2,637 2,637 30 Biennial Survey of Education, 19^-46 Table 27. — Number of staff, enrollment, and graduates in institutions for the higher education of Negroes, by State, and by sex, 1945-46 State Number of institutions reporting Staff reduced to full-time basis Enrollment of students of college grade Baccalaureate and first professional graduates Men Women Men Women Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total _ _ 109 2,342 2,059 20 ,637 36 ,868 1,165 4,741 Alabama _ _ _ 7 270 257 1,230 2,354 139 301 Arkansas _ . _ _ 5 58 72 458 664 18 79 Delaware _ - _ _ 1 15 17 64 120 5 16 Florida _ _ 4 97 87 779 1,372 36 283 Georgia _ _ _ 11 157 178 1,457 2,969 78 362 Kansas _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 3 41 40 Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 17 28 276 574 4 51 Louisiana _ _ 5 146 150 1,232 2,191 52 288 Maryland. _ _ _ _ _ 4 53 68 314 922 22 147 Mississippi _ ..... . _ 7 83 89 654 1,004 16 131 Missouri _ . ... 3 76 51 394 991 18 118 North Carolina _ _ 12 252 191 1,942 5,461 144 809 Ohio. _ _ _ 1 63 50 447 816 33 88 Oklahoma ... . . 1 35 25 213 320 16 65 Pennsylvania _ 2 39 12 427 224 18 22 South Carolina _ 11 113 125 1,568 2,904 49 365 Tennessee.. _ ..... _ 8 182 159 1,861 3,147 149 335 Texas _ . _ _ 12 200 204 2,833 3,720 108 486 Virginia _ _ 6 200 152 1,593 2,580 62 373 West Virginia _ _ _ 3 69 50 447 1,118 24 151 District of Columbia _ _ . 3 215 91 2,407 3,377 174 271 Prior to the war the highest enrollment in colleges for Negroes only was 43,000. Although enrollment decreased to 35,000 in 1943-44, it again increased to 57,505 in 1945-46. School Retention Rates Except for the first and second years of high school, the holding power of the public elementary and secondary school system continued to improve during the 1944-46 biennium, but in general was not as good as in the prewar years. In the college class of 1946, only 5 percent of the previous fifth-grade pupils had remained to graduate from college, although 7 percent had graduated in the 1941 class (table 28). The per¬ centage of fifth-grade pupils remaining to graduate from high school was the highest in 1942, 46.7 percent. The 1946 figure, 41.9 percent is only slightly greater than the 1938 figure of 41.7 percent (table 29). The high-school class of 1946 seems to have lost a slightly larger percent of pupils in its freshman and sophomore years than recent classes and to have held a larger percent of juniors and seniors through graduation, but not as great as in prewar years (table 30). The effect that the war had on students completing a college education is shown in tables 31 and 32. In 1938 and 1939 more than 18 percent of Statistical Summary of Education 31 high-school graduates 4 years earlier were continuing their education through college graduation, but in 1945 and 1946 only about 11 percent stayed through college. Much of this deficiency will be made up through education under the GI bills. Table 28. — Number continuing through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated Number continuing, per 1,000 pupilB in the fifth grade in — Education 1924- 25 1925- 26 1926- 27 1927- 28 1928- 29 1929- 30 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Fifth grade 1 _ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 High-school gradua¬ tion _ 302 316 333 355 378 403 417 432 455 462 467 College graduation _ 53 56 60 65 69 70 69 69 47 49 51 Year of graduation. _ 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1 Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. Table 29. — Number continuing per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated, by grade or year Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in — Grade or year 1926- 1927- 1928- 1929- 1930- 1931- 1932- 1933- 1934- 1935- 1936- 1937- 1938- 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Elementary. Fifth i _ 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Sixth _ 919 928 939 954 943 929 935 944 953 946 954 954 955 Seventh _ 824 834 847 861 872 884 889 895 892 889 895 901 908 Eighth _ 754 779 805 825 824 818 831 836 842 839 849 850 853 High school. I _ 677 714 736 760 770 780 786 792 803 814 839 811 796 II _ 552 588 624 647 652 651 664 688 711 725 704 679 655 III... . . 453 485 498 512 529 546 570 594 610 587 554 519 532 IV _ 400 415 432 454 463 481 510 489 512 466 425 428 444 Graduates _ 333 355 378 403 417 432 455 462 467 439 393 398 419 Year of graduation. _ 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 College: I _ _ 129 135 137 139 148 154 160 142 129 119 121 Graduates _ 60 65 69 70 69 69 47 49 51 Year of graduation. _ 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1 Fourth grade in 11-year systems; fifth grade in 12-grade systems. 32 Biennial Survey of Education, 19 4-4~46 Table 30. — Number continuing per 1,000 enrolled pupils in the first year of high school in the year indicated, by high-school year Number continuing, per 1,000 pupils in the first year in high schools in — High-school year 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 1941- 42 1942- 43 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 I _ 1,000 1,000 823 1,000 848 1,000 852 1,000 1,000 835 1,000 1,000 868 1,000 885 1,000 891 1,000 838 1,000 837 1,000 822 II _ 815 847 845 III _ _ 669 680 677 674 687 700 725 751 760 721 660 640 668 IV _ 591 582 586 597 601 617 649 618 638 573 506 527 558 Graduates _ 492 498 513 531 541 554 579 583 582 540 469 490 526 Year of graduation. _ 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 Table 31. — Number continuing through college entrance and college graduation per 1,000 who graduated from high school Education Number continuing, per 1,000 graduating from high school in — 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 High-school graduate. Entered college _ College graduates _ Year of graduation. ._ 1,000 451 187 1,000 391 174 1,000 353 177 1,000 386 180 1,000 380 182 1,000 362 184 1,000 341 174 1,000 354 165 1,000 357 159 1,000 352 103 1,000 308 106 1,000 276 110 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 Table 32. — Number continuing through college, per 1,000 enrolled at specific levels Number per 1,000 graduating from college in — .Level 1935 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fifth grade. _ _ _ 51 60 65 69 70 69 69 47 49 51 First year of high school _ 88 89 91 94 92 90 88 60 62 64 First year of college _ 418 467 479 508 505 467 445 293 346 397 Sources of Income for Education The total income (table 33) for all education during 1945-46 was $4,465,314,185, an increase of $653,475,690, or 17.1 percent, over 1943-44. The percentage from each source was: Federal, State, and local govern¬ ment, 80.2, student fees, 4.8; private subsidies, gifts and grants, 1.7; and other sources, 13.3. The extent to which education in the United States is both public and free is shown by these figures. The expenditures by the student for textbooks, supplies, and other incidental expense, in order to take advantage of education, are not included in these total income data as they do not pass through the books of the institutions. Many States do pay for many of these items, especially for the elementary schools. The income for education in 1945-46 was $1,577,408,000 (54.6 per¬ cent) more than the income 10 years previous, in 1935-36. About 74 percent of this increase was from public funds. The increase from each Statistical Summary of Education 33 major source for each biennium in the decade is given in table 34. The division of the increase for the decade was as follows: Public funds _ Student fees _ Gifts. _ _ _ Source Amount _ $1,170,424,000 _ 56,209,000 _ 40,416,000 Percent 74.2 3.6 2.5 Other sources _ . . . 310,359,000 19.7 Total _ _ 1,577,408,000 100.0 The States’ share of funds from tax sources for the public-school system continued to increase (table 35). In 1931-32 the State supplied only 19.5 percent of the funds, while in 1945-46 the State supplied 35.5 percent of a much larger amount. The percentage of State funds tends to increase each biennium, while the proportion from county and local sources decreases. The continued increases in the percentage of school support coming from the State tends toward the equalization at the State level, of education in the poorer districts. Public funds which are used for support of private institutions of higher education and residential schools for exceptional children go for the support of land-grant college activities at certain private institutions and the expense of State wards at private institutions for exceptional children. Table 33. — Sources of income for education, 1945-46 Item Total For elementary and secondary education For institu¬ tions of higher education Forresidental schools for exceptional children 1 2 3 4 5j GRAND TOTAL _ $4,465,314,185 $3,468,493,292 $924,958,233 i$71,862,660 Pulbicity controlled _ _ 3,584,449,685 3,059,844,632 2462,468,874 62,136,179 Total governmental. _ _ 3,461,998,134 3,059,590,832 341,468,284 60,939,018 Federal. _ _ 138,419,304 1,336,627,418 1,986,951,412 41,377,776 1,062,057,260 1,956,155,796 97,041,528 213,631,140 30,795,616 State _ _ _ 60,939,018 County, city, or district _ Student fees. _ _ 53 , 656 , 849 12,973,788 55,820,914 53,656,849 12,719,988 54,623,753 (3) (3) 1,197,161 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants. Other sources _ 253,800 Privately controlled _ 4 880,864,500 5 408,648,660 6462,489,359 4 9,726,481 Total governmental _ 117,120,730 111,947,923 5,172,807 Federal _ _ 100,208,688 16,702,947 209,095 100,208,688 11,530,140 209,095 State . . 5,172,807 County, city, or district Student fees. . _ 160,687,345 64,852,212 537,873,761 160,687,345 64,852,212 125,001,879 (3) C3) 4,223,222 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants. Other sources ._ _ 5 408,648,660 1 1939—40 amounts adjusted for changes in expenditures. 2 Does not include $119,313,726 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $19,973,278 for other noneducational expenditures. 3 Not reported separately. 4 Includes $330,452 undistributed by source. 5 Estimated. 6 Does not include $122,713,800 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $25,798,646 for other noneducational expenditures. 34 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Table 34. — Biennial increases in income for education, by source, 1936-38 to 1944-46 Source 1936-38 1938—40 1940-42 1942-44 1944-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total _ $451,020,000 $103,986,000 $100,384,000 $268,542,000 $653,476,000 Public funds _ _ _ 360,610,000 20,862,000 20,464,000 49,084,000 62,279,000 21,900,000 5,537,000 14,270,000 81,470,000 468,000 i 2,284,000 20,730,000 264,626,000 i 46,880,000 720,000 50,076,000 401,439,000 59,859,000 15,979,000 176,199,000 Student fees _ Gifts _ _ _ Other sources 1 Amount of decrease from previous year. Table 35. — Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system, by governmental source, 1931-32 to 1945-46 Year Total (percent) Source Year Total (percent) Source State County Local State County Local 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1931-32... 100.0 19.5 8.8 71.7 1939-40. . 100.0 30.7 6.7 62.6 1933-34... 100.0 23.4 9.4 67.2 1941-42.. 100.0 31.6 6.2 62.2 1935-36... 100.0 29.4 7.1 63.5 1943— 44. _ 100.0 33.6 5.6 60.8 1937-38... 100.0 29.8 6.5 63.7 1945-46.. 100.0 35.5 6.0 58.5 Expenditures for Public and Private Education The expenditure for education in 1945-46 amounted to $4,167,597,110, of which 80.5 percent was for publicly controlled and $810,936,895, or 19.5 percent, was for privately controlled education (table 36). Expenditures for all forms of education have increased. Using 1939-40 as a base, the increases have been, respectively: 1941-42, 0.1 percent; 1943-44, 10.1 percent; and 1945-46, 30.3 percent. We may expect not only increases in current expense but also in expenditures for buildings and equipment due to the fact that this expenditure was greatly curtailed during the war years. Statistical Summary of Education 35 Table 36. — Expenditures, including capital outlay, for schools reporting, 1945-46 Schools Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled i 2 3 4 Total continental United States _ Elementary schools 1 _ _ Secondary sohools 1 _ .. . Colleges, universities, and professional schools (including noncollegiate departments) 3 _ Teachers colleges and normal schools4 _ _ Schools for delinquents 5 - - Schools for the blind 5 _ Scholls for the deaf _ _ Schools for mentally deficient 5 _ Federal schools for Indians _ $4,167,597,110 $3,356,660,215 $810,936,895 2,036,725,072 1,211,605,816 838,164,683 53,564,143 5,106,313 2,709,323 3,808,448 3,926,739 11,986,573 1,805,911,562 1,100,945,659 376,131,545 49,361,400 4,985,511 1,131,268 2,491,721 3,714,976 11,986,573 2 230,813,510 2 110,660,157 462,033,138 4,202,743 120,802 1,578,055 1,316,727 211,763 1 Distribution estimated on basis of teachers’ salaries. 2 Estimated basis of cost per pupil in public schools. 3 Does not include $107, 531,356 public, $121,478,719 private and $229,010,075 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities: and $5,994,305 public, $19,704,058 private, and $25,698,363 total for other noneducational expenditures. 4 Does not include $11,782,370 public, $1,235,081 private, and $13,017,451 total, expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities: and $269,220 public, $100,283 private, and $369,503 total for other noneducational expenditures. 5 1939^10 expenditures for State and private residential schools reporting have been increased by the percentage increase in elementary and secondary school expenditures. Does not include city public schools. Expenditures Per Pupil in City School Systems Data in table 16 showed that there were great variations among States in current expenses per pupil in average daily attendance. The range was from $46 in the State paying the least to $215 for the State paying the most. City school systems (table 37) showed even a greater variation. Here the range was from $43 to $252 current expense per pupil in average daily attendance. The range in cities of more than 100,000 population was $68 to $212 (table 37). In cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population the range was $71 to $252. In cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population the range was $47 to $197. In cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population the range was $43 to $200. Table 37. — Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 230 city school systems, 1945-46 Number Expenditure per pupil Size of city of cities Median Range Weighted mean 1 2 3 4 5 100,000 population or more _ 42 $145.74 $68.38-$211 .60 $162.59 30,000 to 99,999 population _ _ 55 137.47 71.39- 252.29 141.22 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 69 117.31 46.57- 196.90 115.60 2,500 to 9,999 population _ _ 64 110.94 43.13- 199.80 114.48 36 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Federal Expenditures for Education Federal aid for education and allied activities assumes so many forms that it is often difficult to identify the amount applicable to education. The amount of Federal aid has varied for different years. The following amounts were detectable for recent years: Year Amount 1939-40 _ $178,000,000 1941-42 316,000,000 1943-44 _ 200,000,000 1945-46 _ 175,000,000 Much more is being expended. In areas affected by war $123,358,887 was expended for school building, preschool and extended school, opera¬ tion and maintenance of plant, but this amount cannot be segregated by year. Another $100,000,000 was spent for higher education but did not go through the books of the institutions. Transfer of surplus war material, and new construction facilities for higher education will represent a large sum. Statistical Summary of Education 37 Table 38. — Federal funds authorized or expended1 for educational purposes, 1945-46 TOTAL _ $174,949,728 Nonemergency funds _ 102,437,757 Office of Education, Federal Security Agency: Administration, research, and services by the Office in Washington, D. C.2 _ 1,676,663 Total apportionment to the State and Territories for vocational education and rehabilitation - 69,070,505 Land-grant colleges and universities. _ 35,630,271 Instruction in agriculture and mechanic arts3 _ 5,030,000 Agricultural extension service4 _ 23,394,063 Agricultural experiment station5 _ 7,206,208 Vocational education at secondary level3 _ 6 21,768,122 Teacher training _ 2,168,756 Agricultural education _ 7,124,918 Trade and industrial education7 _ 7,168,771 Home economics education _ 4,051,677 Distributive occupations _ 1,254,000 Vocational rehabilitation - 11,672,112 Other nonemergency funds _ 31,690,589 Federal schools for Indians and natives of Alaska8 _ 9,847,243 Federal oil and mineral royalties9 _ 3,770,383 National forest funds10 _ 4,003,031 National grazing funds11 _ 382,585 U. S. Military Academy12 _ 6,007,000 U. S. Naval Academy12 _ 3,484,072 State Marine Schools13 _ 325,000 Public schools in the Panama Canal Zone _ 896,181 Howard University _ 911 ,000 National Training School for Boys _ 444,534 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 167,000 Public schools of the District of Columbia _ 1,337,560 Books and other supplies for the blind _ 115,000 Emergency funds _ $72,511,971 Maintenance, operation, and extended school service _ 12,888,384 Vocational defense training (secondary schools) _ 2,123,587 Expenditure for school lunch program _ 57,500,000 1 Amounts given are actual expenditures when obtainable; otherwise the amount authorized by the Federal Government to be expended is given. 2 Funds available for regular activities; does not include administration of defense training. s Administered by the Office of Education, Federal Security Agency. 4 Administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 5 Administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Includes cost of administration, research, service of the staff in Washington, D. C., and printing of official experiment station documents. 6 The maximum amount authorized for apportionment to the several States and Territories. 7 A part of this sum may be used for home economics education. 8 Expenditures compiled by Office of Indian affairs. 9 The amount represents 37.5 percent of the receipts from the Mineral Leasing Act, which is paid to the various States receiving such funds for roads or schools. 14 25 percent of the current national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States for public roads and schools in the counties in which the forests are located. 11 Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934. 12 The pay of cadets at the Military Academy is included, but the pay of midshipmen at the Naval Academy is not included. 18 To reimburse the States of California, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania for expenses incurred in maintenance and support of their Marine schools, $50,000 each; in addition the use of $75,000 was authorized for the maintenance and repair of ships loaned to the schools by the U. S. Navy. 38 Biennial Survey of Education, 191+I+-1+6 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions Since current values of school properties and endowment have not been tabulated every biennium, the latest data available are as follows (1939-40 unless otherwise noted) : Value of property and endowments1 Public Schools (1945-46): Land, buildings, and equipment _ $8,190,858,063 Permanent funds _ , _ 629,473,470 Sinking funds _ 65,811,470 Institutions of Higher Education: Land, buildings, and equipment _ 2,753,780,163 Permanent endowments, including unexpended plant funds _ 1,686,282,767 Annuity funds _ 49,536,799 Student loan funds _ 28,784,189 Total . . 13,404,526,921 1 Does not include State public-school lands upon which it is difficult to set a value. Federally Aided Vocational Education Reports to the Office from the States and outlying parts of the United States for 1945-1946 indicated an increasing demand for instruction in vocational classes. Enrollment in all types of Federally aided vocational classes was 2,227,663 (table 39), an increase of 226,527, or 11.3 percent since 1943-44. Total expenditure for vocational education in 1945-46 was $67,935,574; of this amount $18,548,110 was from Federal funds, and $49,387,463 from State and local funds (table 40). While receipts from Federal funds have remained about the same or have been slightly less in recent years. State and local contributions have increased nearly 50 percent since 1938-39. Table 39. — Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1946 Type of school Total Agriculture Distributive education Home economics Trade and industry 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total _ _ _ 2,227,663 510,331 174, 672 911,816 630,844 Evening _ 715,262 525,134 981,046 6,221 224,613 24,401 255,096 6,221 93,882 80,790 302,264 82,238 527,314 94,503 337,705 198,636 Part-time _ All-day. . _ . _ Day-unit _ Statistical Summary of Education 39 Table 40. — Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for vocational education, 1930-31 to 1945-46 Expenditure 1 Expenditure 1 Year Total From Federal funds From State and local funds Year Total From Federal funds From State and local funds 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1930- 31 _ 1931- 32 _ 1932- 33 _ 1933- 34.... 532,143,192 32,402,403 30,126,888 28,188,417 57,978,729 8,414,834 7,728,245 6,950,945 524,163,463 24,987,569 22,398,643 21,237,472 1938- 39.. 1939- 40.. 1940- 41.. 1941- 42.. 552,668,491 55,081,312 57,705,117 59,022,743 519,434,554 20,004,232 20,546,607 20,757,509 533,233,937 35,077,080 37,158,510 38,265,233 1934- 35 _ 1935- 36 _ 1936- 37 _ 1937- 38 _ 29,289,923 33,427,834 36,399,285 44,994,537 9,371,980 9,748,925 10,013,669 17,737,118 19,917,943 23,678,909 26,385,616 27,257,419 1942- 43.. 1943- 44.. 1944- 45.. 1945- 46.. 63,488,251 64,299,297 65,641, 640 72,806,831 20,306,645 19,958,305 20,004,573 20,628,072 43,181,606 44,340,992 45,637,067 52,178,759 1 For agriculture, trade and industry, home economics, teacher-training, and distributive education. Public Libraries Statistics for each of the types of libraries are not collected biennially. Public Library Statistics for the year 1944-45 was the only report of library statistics published by the Office during the biennium 1944-46. Table 41 gives some of these statistics, by State. In 1944-45 there were 7,408 public libraries in the continental United States, of which 6,026, or 81 percent, reported. The libraries reporting served a population of 89,885,- 574 persons, added 6,920,745 volumes to their libraries during the year, and had 124,675,283 volumes at the end of the year. They served 22,- 890,988 borrowers, with loans of 333,365,487 volumes during the year. These libraries had 22,373 full-time and 15,009 part-time personnel, had an income of $65,000,000, and expended $62,000,000. The library study shows that, like other activities, reading habits vary. Inhabitants of contiguous New England States read 5 times as many books per year as 4 contiguous Southern States with about the same population. 40 Biennial Survey of Education, 1944~46 Table 41. — Statistics of public libraries, 1944-45 State Library Total number systems Number reporting Population of area served by reporting libraries Number of volumes added during year Total number of volumes at end of year Number of registered borrowers Number of volumes circulated 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States 7,408 6,026 89,885,574 6,920,745 124,675,283 22,890,988 333,365,487 Alabama _ 64 61 1,435,793 36,885 770,157 255,548 2,410,554 Arizona _ 15 9 224,870 7,134 137,652 117,428 9,470,752 Arkansas _ 85 50 998,097 34,304 432,150 168,090 2,000,686 California _ 206 165 6,721,017 708,573 11,689,004 1,978,012 34,670,668 Colorado _ 109 68 845,964 50,152 1,260,027 241,111 3,137,239 Connecticut _ 197 187 1,619,856 179,560 3,520,177 465,216 8,062,310 Delaware _ 20 13 266,505 22,546 295,960 46,791 716,239 Florida _ 94 22 555,284 34,796 535,381 143,718 1,524,389 Georgia _ 157 146 2,172,186 133,306 1,326,931 387,018 4,457,967 Idaho. _ 56 32 176,723 16,771 341,433 95,307 905,933 Illinois _ 375 326 5,914,751 430,076 6,944,783 1,429,273 20,708,148 Indiana _ 237 216 2,520,491 289,368 5,988,896 855,685 14,100,869 Iowa. _ 315 307 1,302,889 159,738 3,231,397 530,218 8,625,755 Kansas _ 204 189 868,926 79,830 1,753,832 331,277 4,148,998 Kentucky _ _ . . 74 68 1,088,207 62,511 957,236 210,333 2,002,232 Louisiana _ 34 32 1,448,880 66,442 794,898 227,747 2,963,222 Maine. . - 205 122 507,767 90,302 1,579,563 160,507 2,092,912 Maryland.. _ _ 40 35 1,353,452 90,632 1,128,474 247,374 3,809,021 Massachusetts _ 397 337 4,248,580 440,927 11,434,836 1,177,673 20,722,063 Michigan _ 306 295 4,518,712 396,859 5,348,848 1,045,380 14,370,110 Minnesota _ 153 151 1,542,982 137,050 2,783,434 562,112 7,597,749 Mississippi - 59 43 884,778 24,200 431,350 130,039 1,273,262 Missouri _ 198 145 2,091,894 146,080 2,745,290 576,248 7,347,736 Montana _ 43 39 298,913 26,387 597,468 110,805 1,227,450 Nebraska _ 276 241 644,575 65,977 1,625,358 301,434 3,260,148 Nevada _ 14 5 53,315 6,275 108,768 24,109 236,712 New Hampshire _ 254 206 466,670 57,175 1,923,030 198,932 2,178,915 New Jersey.. ._ _ 291 183 3,576,776 291,977 5,799,949 925,217 12,720,506 New Mexico _ 28 25 253,778 13,069 212,123 53,121 415,505 New York _ 598 484 11,534,190 676,849 11,375,675 2,590,068 32,789,429 North Carolina - 130 98 3,043,541 135,866 2,559,397 467,438 5,816,239 North Dakota _ 100 64 140,898 13,673 279,243 57,311 534,076 Ohio _ 274 236 6,135,201 613,845 10,301,324 1,649,169 30,125,783 Oklahoma _ . . 80 61 672,455 46,020 998,456 266,863 2,781,145 Oregon - — 96 92 835,912 81,944 1,484,918 318,397 4,358,696 Pennsylvania _ 346 216 5,972,901 325,389 6,145,891 1,180,088 14,376,538 Rhode Island _ 72 52 505,198 22,944 1,165,561 131,174 1,925,962 South Carolina _ 53 39 741,358 36,398 526,726 163,503 3,167,460 South Dakota _ 95 91 234,498 27,262 601,555 109,662 1,376,307 Tennessee _ . . 66 47 1,679,092 58,298 1,006,570 257,641 3,172,760 Texas. _ 107 84 2,689,070 128,118 2,047,783 730,707 6,429,867 Utah _ 48 31 391,003 42,770 622,492 157,856 1,926,078 Vermont _ 239 186 314,737 34,315 1,324,648 70,322 1,493,858 Virginia _ _ . 86 70 1,347,970 58,961 998,888 291,925 2,796,933 Washington _ _ 144 129 1,375,018 167,699 2,041,143 411,370 6,011,675 West Virginia _ 51 39 860,139 24,288 406,727 126,174 819,804 Wisconsin _ _ 293 269 1,941,688 258,817 3,972,990 690,162 12,893,792 Wyoming _ 23 19 204,983 18,311 395,919 73,809 929,735 District of Columbia _ 1 1 663,091 50,076 720,972 151,626 2,481,300 Outlying parts of the United States _ _ 7 496,346 34,065 463,848 100,467 1,914,111 Alaska _ _ 1 1 4 1 13,000 51,827 420,254 11,265 6,500 81,339 355,210 20,799 9,732 334,277 Canal Zone 4,289 28,977 799 Hawaii _ _ _ _ 89,435 1,300 1,540,282 39,552 Virgin Islands _ #U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1949—828111 Statistical of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States Statistics of State School Systems 1 945-46 Chapter II FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY • OFFICE OF EDUCATION Chapter II Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1944-46 Statistics of State School Systems 1945-46 By David T. Blose, Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the Direction of Emery M. Foster Head , Reports and Analysis Section , Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oscar R. Ewing . . Administrator Office of Education Rail I. Grigsby . . Acting Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1949 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 25 cents CONTENTS Text Page State and Local Boards of Education . 1 Personnel in State and Local Offices of Education . 2 State offices of education . 2 Intermediate and local offices of education . 2 Pupils . 3 Elementary school enrollment . 3 High-school enrollment . 3 High-school graduates . 5 Ratio of Enrollment to Population and Attendance . 5 Staff . 7 Number and classification . 7 Average annual salaries of instructional staff . 9 Transportation of Pupils . 9 Public-School Finance . 10 Receipts . 10 Expenditures . 10 Current expense . 10 Capital outlay . 13 School property . 13 Retirement funds . 13 Indebtedness . 14 Expenditures for transportation . 14 Schools for Negroes . 14 Enrollment . 14 Attendance and school term . 15 Teachers and other instructional staff . 15 School finances . 15 Private and Parochial Schools . 16 Population and School Enrollments . 16 Text Tables I. Percentage change in enrollment in public schools, for specified years, by State . 17 II. Enrollment, by grade, in public day schocls, and percentage change, for specified years . 18 III. Enrollment in public high-school grades, by sex, for specified years . 18 IV. Average daily attendance in public day schools as a percent of enrollment, for specified years . 19 V. Length of school term for years indicated . 19 VI. Number of days attended per pupil enrolled, for years indicated . 19 in IV CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued Page VII. Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher, for specified years, by State . 20 VIII. Salaries of instructional staff in public day schools, for specified years, by State . 20 IX. Revenue receipts of State school systems, for specified years, by source. . 21 X. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, for specified years, by State . 22 XI. Total expenditures, excluding debt retirement, of State school systems, by purpose, for specified years . 23 XII. One-room buildings in use, for specified years . 23 XIII. Current expense (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attendance by State, for specified years . 24 XIV. School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance, by State, for specified years . 25 XV. Expenditure for transportation, excluding purchase of busses, 1945-46 . . 26 XVI. Population and public -school enrollment, 1945-46 . 26 Detail Tables 1. Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1870-1946 . 27 2. Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and local basic units, by State, 1945-46 . 29 3. Number of local basic administrative units, by level of instruction offered, by State, 1945-46 . 32 4. Number of personnel in State offices of education, by State, 1945-46 . 33 5. Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants, by State, 1945-46. . . 34 6. Percent of men teachers in public day schools at different dates, by State . . 36 7. Basic local administrative units, by number of teaching positions, by State, 1945-46 . 37 8. Health, transportation, and custodial employees in public schools, by State, 1945-46 . 38 9. Number of public high-school graduates and number of teachers, enrollment, and expenditures in summer schools and adult education classes, by State, 1945-46 . 40 10. Pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools at different dates . 41 11. Enrollment, by grade, in public day schools, for specified years . 43 12. Enrollment in public day schools, classified by elementary, junior, junior- senior, senior, and regular high schools, by State, 1945-46 . 45 13. Enrollment, by grade, in public day schools, by State, 1945-46 . 46 14. Population, census, and pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, by State, 1945-46 . 48 15. Percent of the total population enrolled in public day schools and ratio of enrollment to school population at different dates, by State . 50 16. Number of 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher schools and enrollment, by State, 1945-46. 52 17. Average daily attendance and aggregate number of days attended, by States, 1945-46 . 53 18. Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary day schools at different dates . 54 CONTENTS V Detail Tables — Continued Pa ge 19. Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by State, 1930-46 . \.... . 56 20. Number of public schools and transportation data, by State, 1945-46. ... 57 21. Balance on hand from school year 1944-45 and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands, by State, 1945-46 . 58 22. Income from appropriation and taxation, by State, 1945-46 . 59 23. Income from miscellaneous revenue sources and total revenue receipts, by State, 1945-46 . 60 24. Nonrevenue receipts and total all receipts, by State, 1945-46 . 62 25. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts, by State, 1945-46 . 64 26. Current expense for general control and instruction, by State, 1945-46 .... 65 27. Current expense for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary services, by State, 1945-46 . 68 28. Current expense for fixed charges and total current expense, by State, 1945-46 . 70 29. Expenditures for capital outlay, by State, 1945-46 . 72 30. Summary of expenditures in public schools, by State, 1945-46 . 74 31. Per capita cost of education and average salary per member of instructional staff, by State, 1945-46 . 76 32. Value of public property used for school purposes, by State, 1945-46. . . ., 77 33. Permanent school funds and school lands, 1945-46 . 78 34. School bonds and other forms of school indebtedness, by State, 1945-46 . . 79 35. Status of teacher-retirement funds, by State, 1945-46 . 81 36. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1919-20 to 1945-46 . 83 37. Number of Negro instructional staff and clerical assistants in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 . 84 38. Percent of men teachers in Negro public schools in 17 States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia, at different dates . 85 39. Enrollment of Negro pupils, by grade in public day schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, for specified years . 86 40. Enrollment of Negro pupils, by grade, in 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia, 1945-46 . 87 41. Enrollment, high-school graduates, and number of and enrollment in 1-, 2-, and 3-teacher Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Colum¬ bia, 1945-46 . 88 42. School attendance and length of school term in 17 States and the District of Columbia, for years noted . 89 43. White and Negro enrollment, instructional staff, attendance, and unit costs in 17 States and the District of Columiba, 1945-46 . 90 44. Expenditures for Negro public schools in 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia, 1945-46 . 91 45. Current expense, capital outlay, debt service, and number of Negro public schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 . 92 46. Teachers employed in private and parochial schools, by State, 1945-46. . . 93 47. Pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, by State, 1945-46 . 94 48. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, by State, 1945-46 . 95 VI CONTENTS Figures Page 1. Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, 1918- 20 to 1944-46 . 4 2. Percent of total enrollment in high schools, by State, last 4 years of system, 1945-46 . 3. Average annual salary of instructional staff, by State, 1945-46 . 4. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by State, 1945-46 . 11 5. Expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense (in¬ cluding interest), by State, 1945-46 . 12 v© CO STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1945-46 rT,HIS CHAPTER presents data for the school year 1945-46 on public elementary and secondary education in the 48 States and the District of Columbia and some information for the outlying parts of the United States, together with comparisons extending over a 76-year period of State school statistics. Three tables at the end of the chapter give some statistical items for elementary and secondary private and parochial schools. Total figures for Continental United States, are given, including the District of Columbia. Comparisons between individual States and the District of Columbia should not be made, however, as the school system of the District of Columbia corresponds more nearly to the systems in large cities rather than in entire States. Over a period of several years emphasis has been placed upon the development of uniform terminology in the reporting of school data. As a result, the comparability of the data from State to State has been increasingly improved and the presentation of the data facilitated. Meetings with research personnel of the various States have been held, and other meetings are being planned to discuss further refinements of terminology and accoimts. Statistics for this chapter were submitted by State departments of education to the United States Office of Education. The State reports were based on data furnished by approximately 100,000 local adminis¬ trative units that existed in 1945-46. Hence, the combined reports represent the cooperative efforts of a great number of persons and educa¬ tional units. Together with data from the Bureau of the Census for 1946, this report makes available perhaps the most comprehensive summary of statistics on American public elementary and secondary education ever presented (table l).1 The data furnish basic material for the formulation of educa¬ tional policies and procedures. State and Local Boards of Education Thirty -nine States have State boards of education with jurisdiction over public elementary and secondary education (table 2). The au¬ thority of these boards ranges from that of serving in an advisory 1 Roman numerals indicate text tables and Arabic numerals, detail tables. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 capacity to that of formulating policies and exercising administrative responsibilities. Five additional States have boards for vocational edu¬ cation only. In a few cases State boards are assisted by professional and clerical staff. The tendency at present is for one State board to have control of both the traditional public-school and vocational education. Intermediate units for public-school administration include counties, townships, and supervisory unions set up between the State and the local basic units. Although their responsibilities vary widely, their primary purpose is to provide administrative and supervisory services to the smaller units composing them. There were 6,527 members of boards of intermediate units in 1945-46. Each of the more than 100,000 local administrative units in 1945-46 is directly responsible for the functioning of its own schools (table 3). Each of these units has a board usually of from three to seven members vested with policy-making and supervisory authority. There were approximately 350,000 school board members and 27,000 local school trustees. These officials hold their positions as a result of statutory provisions for the administration of school systems. Personnel in State and Local Offices of Education State Offices of Education Actual administration of State school systems is carried on by State and local offices of education. State offices of education reported 1,785 professional staff members, 3,261 clerical assistants, and 357 operation and maintenance employees in 1945-46 (table 4). The professional staff includes superintendents or commissioners, deputy or assistant superin¬ tendents or commissioners, directors of divisions and chiefs of organized services, and supervisory personnel. Intermediate and Local Offices of Education Intermediate units — the links between the State and local units — had 3,556 superintendents and other professional personnel and 1,477 clerical employees. Local basic units include (1) the county unit systems where there are no other local systems, such as in West Virginia and Florida where the county is identical with the local unit; and (2) all other local basic ad¬ ministrative units (school districts, towns, cities, etc.). They employed 15,301 superintendents and professional staff members, 4,275 attendance officers, and 10,172 clerical assistants. This personnel had supervision over the 6,806 supervisors, 29,416 principals, and 831,026 teachers (table 5). Twenty -one States and the District of Columbia reported clerical assistants to instructional personnel, of which there were 8,398. The personnel of administrative units rendering the more usual non- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 teaching services are shown in table 8. These are people engaged in the school health program, the transportation program, the recreation program, and in keeping the school warm, clean, and in good repair. A large number of them are part-time employees. Thirty-six States and the District of Columbia reported 130,000 such employees. As 12 States do not collect any of this material and some others only a part of the information, it is estimated that there are approximately one -quarter million of these employees. Taking all board members, administrative employees, instructional staffs, and other employees, there are approxi¬ mately 1,550,000 persons employed in regular day, summer, and part-time public education. Pupils In the long-term trend, decade by decade, there was an increase in elementary and secondary public-school enrollments from 1% million in 1870-71 to 25% million in 1920-30 (table 10), and almost 26% million in 1933-34. For 10 years following that date, enrollments decreased (table 11). Only since 1943-44 have total enrollments increased again. Like all other segments of the population, pupil enrollments in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools reflect the effects of the war. Enrollments which had reached 26,434,193 in 1933-34 had de¬ creased to 23,225,784 (12.1 percent) in 1944-45 (table IV). The total enrollment increased in 1945-46 to 23,299,941 (0.3 percent). The princi¬ pal cause of the long decreasing trend was the lessened number of births in the 1930’s. Enlistment in the armed services and war employment were contributing causes. Table I and figure 1 show enrollment changes. Elementary School Enrollment In 1929-30, with an enrollment of 21,278,593 pupils (table 1), elementary school enrollment (kindergarten and grades 1 through 8) for the 48 States and the District of Columbia reached its peak. Since that year each biennium has shown a decrease in the number of pupils enrolled. The lowest was 17,665,594 in 1944-45. Because of the increasing number of births in the past few years, enrollments have increased recently in the kindergarten and grades 1 to 4, inclusive (table II). Substantial increases may be expected in these and grades 5 to 8, inclusive (table XVI). High-School Enrollment In contrast with the downward trend in public elementary school enrollments, high-school enrollments continued to increase until 1940-41 (table III). This long-time upward trend is due chiefly to two factors: The fact that the peak in the number of births occurring in the 1920’s resulted in a peak population 14,-17 years of age about 1940; and the increasing emphasis upon high-school education as a public necessity for every boy and girl. Lessening birth rates in the 1930’s and the outbreak 822769—49 - 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-40 of the war affected high-school enrollments. During the 3 years after 1940-41 the decreases were 326,108, 265,739, and 568,456, respectively, or a total of 1,160,393 for the 3 years. There were increases of 6,670 the following year and 62,007 the year after that. Gradual gains in high- school enrollment can be expected for 6 or 7 years, followed by rapid gains (table XVI). Year Hundreds of Thousands -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 1910-20 1920-22 1922-24 1924-26 1926-28 1928-30 1930-32 1932-34 1934-36 1936-38 1938-40 1940-42 1942-44 1944-46 1918-20 1920-22 1922-24 1924-26 1926-28 1928-30 1930-32 1932-34 1934-36 1936-38 1938-40 1940-42 1942-44 1944-46 Figure 1. — Biennialchanges in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, 1918-20 to 1944-46 F The percentage of the total school enrollment in high school (the hold ing power) is one measure of the efficiency of administration of the educational system in a State. The average for the Nation is 24.1 percent STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 (figure 2). The 5 States having the highest percentages are New York, 31.3; New Jersey, 29.1; Pennsylvania, 29.0; Wisconsin, 28.7; and Massa¬ chusetts, 28.5. The 5 States having the lowest percentages are Ala¬ bama, 16.7; North Carolina, 16.3; Kentucky, 16.0; Louisiana, 15.0; and Mississippi. 13.3 percent. Previous discussions have included in "high school” only the last 4 years of the school system, grades 9-12 or 8-11. If the junior high school grades in separate junior high schools, junior-senior high schools, or undivided 5- or 6-year high schools are included, there were 7,420,702 pupils enrolled in all regular and reorganized high schools in 1937-38 and 6,921,157 in 1945-46 (table 12), a decrease of 6.3 percent. The percent of the total number of high-school pupils enrolled in each type of high school for the 2 periods, respectively, was as follows: Type of school 1937-38 1945-46 Junior high school . 19. 0 18. 4 Junior-senior high school . 24. 4 25. 8 Senior high school . 13. 1 16. 8 Regular high school . 43. 5 39. 0 Total . 100.0 100.0 High-School Graduates In 1945-46 there were 1,032,420 pupils enrolled in the last year of high school, of whom 974,407 (table 9), or 94.4 percent, graduated. This compares with 1939-40 when only 89.2 percent were graduated. The number of graduates in 1945-46 was 51.3 percent of the enrollment in the first’ year of high school in 1942-43. Similar percentages for 1939-40, 1941-42, and 1943-44 were 57. 9, 58.2, and 46.9, respectively, of enrollments in the first year of high school 4 years earlier. These percentages are measurements of the holding power of public high schools. Ratio of Enrollment to Population and Attendance During the year 1939-40 the ratio of enrollment in the public schools to the total number of children 5-17 years, inclusive (table 15), was 85.3 percent. This ratio decreased to 80.4 percent in 1943-44 and was 80.5 for 1945-46. The percentage enrolled attending daily for the years shown was, 1939-40, 86.7; 1941-42, 85.6; 1943-44, 84.3; and 1945-46, 85.2. This shows the recovery from the effects of the war. The follow¬ ing figures are taken from a study made in October 1945, by the Bureau of the Census. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 State N.Y. 31.3 N.J. 29.1 Pa. 29.0 Wis, 28.7 Mass. 28.5 Ill. 28.2 Nebr. 27.9 Conn. 27.6 Utah 27.4 N.R 27.0 Ind. 26.7 Mich. 26.7 Minn. 26.7 Mont. 26.7 Ohio 26.6 Idaho 26.4 Oreg. 26.4 Kans. 26.3 R.I. 26.1 S.Dak. 25.5 Calit 25.3 D.C. 25.2 Del 25.0 Iowa 24.8 Wyo. 24.8 Wash. 24.2 N.Dak. 23.9 Colo. 23.6 Nev. 23,6 Okla. 23.6 Mo. 23.4 Tex 22.3 Vt 22.1 Maine 21.4 Va. 21.4 M4. 21.1 Aria. 20.9 Fla. 20.9 W. Va. 20.6 S.C. 19.3 G/l 18.3 N.Mex 17.2 Tenn. 17.2 Ark. 17.1 Ala. 16.7 N.C, 16.3 Ky. 16.0 La, 15.0 Miss. 13.3 us. 24.1 Percent 0 20 40 -60 80 ‘100 High School Elementary School Figure 2. — Percent of total enrollment in high schools; by State, last 4 years of^system, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 School enrollment of the noninstitutional population, 5-17, inclusive, October 1945 Age > Total popula¬ tion Enrolled in school Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 years _ _ _ _ _ 2, 360, 000 670,000 28.3 6 years . . . . . . . . 2, 320, 000 2, 170, 000 93.2 7 to 9 years . . . 6,680,000 6, 560, 000 98.2 10 to 13 years . . . . . 8, 360, 000 8, 180, 000 97.6 Total 6-13 years . . . . — . 17,360,000 16, 910,000 97.4 14 to 15 years _ _ _ _ 4, 710, 000 4,340,000 92.1 16 to 17 years . . . 4, 460, 000 2, 890, 000 64.9 Total 14 to 17 years . . . . 9,170,000 7,230,000 78.8 Total 5-17 years _ _ _ _ _ 28, 890, 000 24, 810,000 85.9 1 5-year-olds correspond roughly to kindergarten, 6-13-year-olds to elementary grades, and 14- to 17-year- olds to high school. The above statistics indicate in general (allowing for some pupils who would be either above or below the age grade in which they would nor¬ mally belong) that 1,690,000 kindergarten-age children, 450,000 of begin¬ ning elementary-age children, 370,000 children of beginning high-school age, and 1,570,000 children of ending high-school age were not enrolled. This seems to show that kindergarten and the last 2 years of high school are the weak spots in our school attendance. These figures do not include the more than 100,000 pupils in State and private institutions for exceptional children. Basic data, by State, for calculating the relations of grade and total enrollment to average daily attendance, aggregate annual attendance, and length of term are provided in tables 13, 14, 17, 18, and 19. These relationships show the quantitative availability of school opportunities offered and the amount used, and give rough measures of the holding power of the schools. The percent of enrollment in average daily attend¬ ance in 1945-46 was 85.2 (table IV), in 1944-45 it was 84.7, and in 1939-40 it was 86.7. In 1945-46, for the first time, no State reported an average length of term for the entire State of less than 160 days (table V). Also, for the first time, no State reported the average number of days attended per pupil enrolled as less than 130 days (table VI). Staff Number and Classification The instructional staff in 1945-46 consisted of 867,248 members. Of these, 6,806 were supervisors; 29,416 were principals; and 831,026, teachers and other instructional staff (table 5). The duty of supervisors 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 State Calif. $2,987 N.Y. 2.946 D.C. 2,637 N.J. 2,561 Wash. 2,547 Mass. 2.512 Conn. 2,393 Mich. 2,337 Ill. 2,280 Md. 2,262 Del 2,202 Ariz. 2,167 Ohio 2.165 Oreg. 2,164 Ind. 2,143 Pa. 2,124 R.L 2,098^ Utah 2,016 Wis. 2,002 Nev. 1,992 N.Mex 1,970 Minn. 1,878 Mont. 1,838 Colo. 1,822 Okla. 1,796. Mo. 1,793 Fla.* 1,719 Vt 1,692 Iowa 1,676 W.Va. 1,676 Idaho 1,672 Kans. l,b66 Wyo. 1,654 Tex 1,640 N.C. 1,602 Va. 1,574 La. 1,537 N.H. 1,530 S.Dak. 1,530 Nebr. 1,514 N.Dak. 1,469 Maine 1,409 Ky. 1,295 Tenn. 1,287 Ala. 1,276 S.C. 1,152 Ga. 1,081 Ark, 1,068 Miss. 856 U.S. 1,995 Dollars 0 500 1,000 1.500 2,000 2,500 3,000 Figure 3. — Average annualsalary of instructional staff, by State, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 is to direct the teaching plans and procedures of teachers at a particular level or in a particular subject. Principals usually administer the schools in a building or group of buildings and work under a superintendent, with or without the aid of supervisors. The instructional staff in the public schools also includes all other persons who supply services supplementary to instruction, such as library work, study hall, and advisory services. The pupil-teacher load (table VII) decreased from an average of 25.2 pupils in 1939-40 to 23.9 pupils in 1945-46. This average pupil-teacher load is low because it is based on average daily attendance and includes all the small 1 -teacher schools in rural areas. Based on enrollment, the national figure for 1945-46 would be 30.4 pupils enrolled per teacher. The increasing numbers of births in recent years will, no doubt, increase the pupil-teacher load. While enrollments are increasing and teachers are in short supply, the tendency is to hire teachers at a slower rate than the rate of enrollment increase. The percentage of men in the total instructional staff, which had been decreasing since 1940 due to war conditions, increased from 15.3 percent to 16.6 percent between 1943-44 and 1945-46 (table 6). Of the more than 60,000 local administrative units in 33 States, distributed by number of teachers (table 7), more than 40,000 are maintained for fewer than five teachers each. More than 8,000 are maintained as separate legal units hut employ no teachers, presumably transporting all pupils to other districts. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff The amount of salaries paid teachers is an important factor in obtaining and holding a good staff. The salaries paid to teachers (table VIII) show a steady increase from 1933-34, near the depth of the economic depression, when the average salary per member of the instructional staff was $1,227, to $1,995 in 1945-46. Great variations, however, exist among States (figure 3). The five States paying the highest average salaries were: California, $2,987; New York, $2,946; New Jersey, $2,561; Washington, $2,547; and Massachusetts, $2,512. The 5 States paying the lowest average salaries were: Alabama, $1,276; South Carolina, $1,152; Georgia, $1,081; Arkansas, $1,068; and Mississippi, $856. Transportation of Pupils Transportation of pupils has become an important item in public-school administration (tables XY, 20, and 27) with 5,056,966 transported, or 21.7 percent of all pupils enrolled. With the increase in the number of pupils transported, there has been a decrease of one-teacher schools. Between 1943-44 and 1945-46 there was an increase of 12.1 percent in the number of pupils transported and 11.3 percent decrease in the 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 number of one-teacher schools. The cost of transportation increased from $107,754,487, or $23.96 per pupil transported in 1943-44, to $129,- 756,375, or $25.66 per pupil in 1945-46. Public-School Finance With public property worth more than 8 billion dollars, and with annual expenditures of nearly 3 billion dollars, finance is a major problem in school administration. Receipts The annual revenue receipts of State school systems consist of appro¬ priations from general funds, receipts from taxes levied for school pur¬ poses, income from permanent school funds, receipts from leases of school lands, Federal aid, and receipts from miscellaneous sources (tables 21 to 25). Total receipts for public elementary and secondary schools in Con¬ tinental United States from these sources in 1945-46 were $3,059,844,632, an increase of $455,522,205, or 17.5 percent, over 1943-44. During the same period expenditures increased $454,305,405, or 18.5 percent. An increasingly larger proportion of public-school revenue is being furnished by State governments and at the same time a decreasingly smaller pro¬ portion by county and local units. This increasing share of educational support by the State tends to equalize education for the less financially favored units (tables IX and X). Nonrevenue receipts from loans and bond sales, sale of property, insurance adjustments, and from miscellaneous nonrevenue sources account for 7.8 percent of the total revenue and nonrevenue receipts in 1945-46. With the curtailment of school building programs as a result of the war, there has been a sharp curtailment in the amount of money borrowed through banks or by sale of bonds for building purposes and a corresponding decrease in nonrevenue receipts. Expenditures The total expenditure for current expense, capital outlay, and interest, by public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, summer schools, and adult classes was $2,906,886,441 in 1945-46. Correspond¬ ing figures were $2,344,048,927 in 1939-40; $2,322,697,688, in 1941-42; and $2,452,581,036, in 1943-44. The increase has been brought about by increased cost of services, materials, and supplies (table 30). Current Expense Current expense, including general control, instruction, operation of plant, maintenance of plant, auxiliary services, and fixed charges (tables 26, 27, and 28) amounted to $2,707,440,760 in 1945-46. Comparable data for other years were 1939-40, $1,941,799,228; 1941-42, $2,067,- 660,387; and 1943-44, $2,293,337,099. Increases are shown in all cate- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 State Source and Percent 0 Percent State'0'”1*1' Local Del. 89.01 01 11.0 N.Mex 85. 0[ 6.4] 8.6 N.C. 77.91 16.01 6.1 Ala. 70.9] 16. 5] 12.6 Washi 65.71 2.7131.6 La. 63. 2 j 31.2 1 5.6 W.Va. 59.81 40. 2 • 0 | S.C. 58. 8 1 9.3131.9 Ark. 58.7] 2. 8] 38. 5 Ga, 58.31 20.6* 21. 1 Okla. 53.2* 2. 7 [44.1 Mich. 49.2, .6(50.2 Ky 48.6> 24. 4 [27.0 Miss. 48. 3! 16. 6 135.1 Fla. 47.31 27. 5] 25. 2 Utah 47. 0* 0153.0 Ariz. 46. lj 3.7*50.2 Va. 44.5| 33. 1 122.4 CaUt 43. 2 1 .5| 56. 3 Mo. 41. 9| .6*57.5 Tex 40.81 .l]59.1 Ind. 38. 7 j .6160.7 Ohio 38. 6 1 0 J 6 1. 4 Term. 37.01 46.8| 16.2 N.Y 34.2* 0'65.8 Oreg. 33.41 12.0154.6 Minn. 31.61 .6)67.8 Pa. 31. oj 0169.0 Md. 30. 3 1 33.5)36.2 Maine 26.21 0 1 73. 8 Vt. 23.6* 0*76.4 Wis. 21. 5 1 6.o|72.5 Nev. 19.9.1 52.81 27.-3 N.Dak. 16. 0* 7.4)76.6 in. 15.9) . 1 1 84. 0 N.J. 15.61 12.2)72.2 Conn. 15.2 J 0184.8 Idaho 15. 2 1 19.3)65.5 Mass. 12.81 0187.2 Wyo. 12.3* 20. 1 *67. 6 Mont 12. 2 1 46.2)41.6 R.L 8. 8 1 0191.2 D.C.' 8.0* 0)92.0 N.H. 7.2| 0192.8 Colo. 6.61 14.2*79.2 Kans, 5.5* 7.2187.3 S. Dak. 4.0 1.9 J 94. 1 Iowa 3.7| .6(95.7 Nebr. 1.1* 2. 01 96. 9 U.S.. 35.51 6.0158.5 40 100 ■ EZZZ ZZZ2 IZZ ■Z- 1/ZZZ3 ezzzzzzzzzzz IZZ v/.////}///////. jy^yyyyyyzzyyy^yz I zzzzzzz w/ y////// 77/7/7/ y/zi 1 zzzzzzzzzz 77777777777/7, 1 - . , . 'TZ77777ZZZ zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzza 7777^7777777/777777. i EZZZZZZZ2 v/y///Y//////////yyyv\ l ^77777777777. ZZZZZZZZZZ2 //yy//// ////// 7/7/7777. i 777.7777 yyyyyyy/.yyyyyyyyyyyTzz lyyyyy / 77/77.7:7777777/7777777 I y/7 77 7777 7/7777777 //77 7777 7 7 7 7 77 7 7 77 >7 777 7 7 // 77 77777 1 uyyy/yy/777T7 X7 7 77/7 777 7 77> 777 777/77 777777 yyyy.7Jyyyyyyyy://:/7/yjy^ 7777777 Y77 7 77 7 77/777, 777777/7/777777/ 1 . . . . . :tzzz/7z//zz V 7 ////// 77/7/7 777/777777/7 777 ' \7 7 77 7 77 7 7 77 7 7 777777777 /yz/yyy/y/// ///y/.y.////// 7777777 Y77 7 777777/77/777 y/Myyyy-yyi , ^y/y/y/y/ 7777.77777 y 777777777:777777777/777 77 17 777 7 //ZZ7ZZZZZZZZ7/ 77777 i Y//y///y//yyyyyy 777777 < : 7 77 7 777 77 7777/7777/77 7777 77/7 7 77 77 ://zz^zz/z/^z|zzzzzy/^///z ±zzzzz 1 Y / / / / / /TT/S / //Z////Z/- ZZZZZZZZZ2 7 , , , 7 777y 7/77.7^72^217/7777 1 777777/77777777/777777 | County Figure 4. — Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by State, 1945-46 822769 — 49 - 3 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1044-46 State Mont. $215.44 N.J. 210.81 N.Y. 208.70 Wash. 183.33 Mass. 179.71 D.C. 172.22 Wyo. 171.38 Calif. 169.21 Conn. 168.65 Nev. 162.32 Ill. 161.48 R.I. 160.85 Minn. 155.19 Oreg. 154.74 S.Dak. 153.93 Del. 152.01 Wis. 146.72 Ohio 146.62 Ind. 144.54 Pa. 144.38 Mich. 144.13 Iowa 143.89 Nebr. 141.38 Kans. 141.25 N.Dak. 138.02 Mo. 137.36 Ariz. 136.93 Colo. 136.12 N.H. 135.02 N.Mex. 134.60 Utah 128.61 Md. 126.00 Vt. 121.89 Tex. 118.11 Idaho 116.55 Okla. 111.86 Maine 109.38 Fla. 103.31 La. 101.36 W.Va. 100.32 Va. 92.29 Ky. 86.33 N.C. 81.16 Tenn. 76.10 S.C. 74.30 Ala. 68.54 Ark. 64 76 Ga. 63.96 Miss. 46.32 U.S. 135.21 240 Figure 5. — Expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense (including interest), by State, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 gories (table XI). Part of the increase in general control is due to the transferring of attendance enforcement charges from auxiliary services to general control. Increased salaries added to instructional costs. In¬ creased use of transportation added greatly to expenditures for auxiliary services, and the expansion of teachers’ pensions have nearly tripled the fixed charges account. Instructional staff salaries continue to be the major cost of education and have used approximately 68 percent of current expense, except during the war years, when in 1941-42 they used 66 percent, and in 1943-44 when they used 69 percent. The expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for the country was $135.15 in 1945-46, but there is a wide variation among States (table 31). In the 16 highest States having approximately one-third of the pupils, the average expenditure is $182.37; in the 16 middle States it is $142.69; and in the 16 lowest States it is $87.58 per pupil. Table XIII shows this variation among the States at certain periods since 1929- 30. Figure 5 shows this variation graphically for the year 1945-46. Capital Outlay The expenditure of more than $111,000,000 for new grounds, buildings, and equipment (table 29) in 1945-46 is greater than the expenditure for this purpose in any year since 1941-42, when more than $137,500,000 was spent for capital outlay. It is, however, less that half of what was spent in 1939-40 and less than a third of the amount spent in 1929-30 to provide for school plant. School Property The questionnaires sent by the Office of Education to the various States ask for information about the cost value of land, buildings, and equipment. During the year 1945-46 the total of reported values amounted to approximately $8,200,000,000, or $351 per pupil enrolled (table 32). In addition to the school plant, the school systems have more than $600,000,000 of invested funds, the interest of which must be used for school purposes (table 33), and more than 51,000,000 acres of school lands which have not yet been sold and some of which is being leased to provide more than $3,800,000 for school purposes (table 21). Consolidation of schools and transportation of pupils has brought about the closing of many one -teacher schools. In 1945-46 there were 86,563 one-teacher schools as compared with 148,712 in 1929-30 (tables XII and 16). Retirement Funds All States have passed laws setting up some form of pension or retire¬ ment plan for the instructional staff. Many States and cities include all school employees. Although a few States are only now putting their 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 plans into operation and a few have not furnished complete information, the following statement of the condition of teacher -retirement funds in 1945-46 (table 35) is nearly complete: Balance on hand at beginning of year, cash and funds, usually July 1, 1945 . 11,454,068,671 Amounts added during year from: State . $61,279,362 Local units . 47, 970, 820 Participants . 84, 961, 293 Earnings and other receipts . 73, 141, 107 - 267, 352, 582 Total balance and receipts . 1, 721, 421, 253 Payments (Losses, retirements, and expense of operation . 127, 789, 297 Balance on hand, cash and funds . 1, 593, 631, 956 This balance is $193,570,989 more than on June 30, 1944. Indebtedness School indebtedness consists of bonds, short-time loans, and unpaid bills of the previous year. In a few places all debts are handled by the city rather than by the school administrative unit. At least seven States could not furnish complete information. Reports received show more than 2 billion dollars in bonds and nearly 100,000 dollars in other indebtedness (tables XIV and 34). The value of bonds outstanding in 1945-46 was nearly one-quarter billion dollars less than in 1943-44. Expenditures for Transportation All States reported the total expenditure for transportation of pupils to and from school, but only 18 States and Puerto Rico were able to distribute this expenditure among salaries, supplies and expenses, and contracted services. These data are given separately in table XV for the use of persons especially interested in transportation costs. Schools for Negroes Separate schools for white and Negro pupils are maintained by 17 States and the District of Columbia (table 37). These States make a separate report to the Office of Eucation on schools for Negroes, but complete information is not obtainable from the present State record systems (tables 36-45). A few localities in some other States have separate schools, but they are not included in this study. Enrollment Enrollments in Negro elementary and secondary schools combined continued to decrease since 1939-40. This decrease has been brought STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 about by a decline in the number of births and by war conditions. The war did not affect the elementary schools as much as it did the secondary schools. Enrollment of girls in the secondary schools has increased from 151,902 in 1939-40 to 171,797 in 1945-46, or an increase of 13 percent for the 6-year period. Enrollment of high-school boys was 102,678 in 1939-40. This number decreased to 84,886 in 1943-44, but again in¬ creased to 100,366 in 1945-46. High-school graduates numbered 32,732 in 1945-46. This is more than any other year except 1941-42 when it was 33,784. The high-school enrollment in Negro schools was 12 percent of all elementary and high -school enrollment in these schools. This compares with 24.1 percent for the Nation. Attendance and School Term In 1945-46 the average daily attendance was 1,853,040, or 81.8 per¬ cent, of all pupils enrolled. The percent of attendance has increased over a number of years. The length of term was 170 days in 1945-46 which compares with 157 days in 1941-42 and 164 days in 1943-44. The average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled was 97 in 1929-30, 126 in 1939-40, and 139 in 1945-46. These increases show a steady trend towards longer attendance at school. Teachers and Other Instructional Staff Although enrollments have continued to decrease over a number of years, the number of instructional staff members — supervisors, principals, and teachers — has continued to increase. In 1929-30 there were 51,278 instructional staff members for 2,282,578 pupils enrolled, or 45 pupils per staff member. In 1945-46 there were 65,016 teachers for 1,853,040 pupils in average daily attendance, or 28.5 pupils per teacher. In the other 31 States there were approximately 22.9 pupils in average daily attendance per teacher. To bring the pupil-teacher ratio in the separate Negro schools in line with the average for the 31 States would require about 16,000 additional Negro teachers in States having separate schools. The average salary of Negro teachers in 1939-40 was $601, and in 1945-46, it was $1,134, an increase of 88.7 percent. While these figures show progress, teachers’ salaries would have to be further increased 44 percent, and all current expenses increased even more, to bring them up to the average for white schools in the same group of States. School Finances It is difficult to get full financial information for Negro schools from the reporting systems of some States, but tables 44 and 45 give the most complete data available. All items have made a substantial increase over previous years. The current expense item of $58 per pupil in average daily attendance corresponds to $105 in the white schools in the same 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 States. The average value, per pupil enrolled, of land, buildings, and equipment in Negro schools was $48, while the corresponding values in white schools was $250. To summarize: 44 percent would have to be added to Negro teachers’ salaries, 80 percent to all current expense, and 420 percent to plant and equipment values to equalize them, dollar for dollar, with white schools in the same States. In addition to these increases, about a third more than what is now spent for white schools would have to be added for all schools in these States to bring the averages for both up to the United States averages for 1945-46. Private and Parochial Schools Tables 46 and 47 give the number of teachers and pupils in all private and parochial elementary and secondary schools, and table 48 gives the number of schools and of teachers and pupils in Homan Catholic ele¬ mentary and secondary schools only. There were 2,153,279 pupils in private and parochial elementary schools in 1939-40. This number had increased by 4.9 percent to 2,259,392 in 1945-46. Private and parochial high-school enrollments increased from 457,768 to 565,108, or 23.4 per¬ cent, during the same 6-year period. This is in contrast to the decrease in public elementary and secondary school enrollments, 6.1 and 14.8 percent, respectively, during the same period. Population and School Enrollments Elementary and secondary public school enrollment hears a close rela¬ tionship to the school-age population. Future populations can be esti¬ mated fairly accurately for a few years, but further than that the only guides to the rise and fall of birth rates are past experience. Life tables have been worked out with considerable accuracy. Use of these tables will give a reliable estimate of future enrollments to the extent that projected birth rates are valid. There are, however, many variables that cannot be closely measured which affect enrollments. For general plan¬ ning on a Nation-wide scale for future school needs the population infor¬ mation contained in table XVI may be helpful. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Table I. — Percentage change in enrollment in public schools, for specified years, by State State Total enrollment Elementary schools Secondary schools 1929-30 to 1941-42 1941-42 to 1943-44 1943-44 to 1945-46 1929-30 to 1941-42 1941-42 to 1943-44 1943-44 to 1945-46 1929-30 to 1941-42 1941-42 to 1943-44 1943-44 to 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States. . . -4.4 -5.3 +0.1 -14.6 -2.5 -0.2 +45.2 -13.1 +1.2 Alabama . . +7.0 -3.7 -.6 +.5 -3.4 -2.6 +66.7 -5.2 +10.6 Arizona _ _ +12.2 -13.0 +6.8 +4.8 -11.4 +4.1 +55.0 -19.3 +18.2 Arkansas . . -3.3 -9.1 -2.0 -10.1 -8.4 -3.5 +56.4 -12.7 +6.4 California _ _ +14.7 +6.3 +10.1 +3.5 +12.0 +10.4 +55.0 -7.6 +9.1 Colorado . . . . -11.0 -5.4 +1.7 -19.4 -2.5 +1.4 +27.1 -13.8 +2.8 Connecticut . . -16.5 -4.3 -1.8 -27.9 -1.1 -2.2 +33.4 -11.8 -.8 Delaware _ _ +.3 -3.0 +1.1 -11.8 +.3 .0 +61.6 -12.0 +4.4 Florida . +6.5 -3.6 +4.9 -4.6 -2.0 +4.8 +80.5 -9.5 +5.6 Georgia - - .0 -4.3 +1.8 -7.7 -3.8 +.9 +59.9 -6.9 +5.7 Idaho . . . -1.8 -6.3 -2.6 -9.3 -3.5 -3.4 +24.1 -14.8 -.4 Illinois _ _ -14.3 -6.0 -.8 -22.8 -4.4 -.9 +16.6 -9.8 -.8 Indiana . . +.3 -3.6 +.3 -9.2 -.3 +• 1 +34.5 -11.7 +.9 Iowa . -11.5 -6.4 +.2 -18.4 -3.8 +.9 +14.2 -13.2 -2.0 Kansas _ -15.9 -5.6 -1.4 -24.3 -1.8 -1.5 +15.3 -14.9 -1.3 Kentucky . . . -2.3 -8.6 +.2 -9.0 -7.0 -.6 +54.2 -16.5 +4.6 Louisiana _ _ +6.3 -6.3 +.9 -4.5 -4.8 +8.2 +76.4 -11.8 -27.2 Maine . . +2.3 -6.0 -1.8 -3.6 -3.0 -1.4 +26.9 -15.5 -3.0 Maryland _ _ +3.4 -1.7 +2.2 -7.6 +.9 +3.7 +64.5 -10.0 -2.9 Massachusetts . . -13.5 -6.0 -5.0 -23.6 -2.6 -5.1 +22.7 -13.6 -4.7 Michigan _ -5.8 -1.7 +5.3 -16.7 +1.7 +1.2 +48.6 -11.4 +18.6 Minnesota _ -9.9 -7.3 +.4 -21.9 -4.5 +. 3 +45.2 -14.1 -.5 Mississippi _ _ -.3 -7.7 -5.6 -4.0 -7.8 -6.8 +37.3 -7.0 +3.1 Missouri. . . . . +5.9 -9.1 -1.1 +• 1 -7.9 -1.0 +28.7 -12.7 -1.3 Montana _ -14.5 -10.8 +4.2 -23.7 -8.6 +5.3 +21.2 -16.2 +1.5 Nebraska . : _ -20.9 -7.6 -3.1 -30.6 -4.3 -2.5 +15.1 -15.0 -4.7 Nevada . . . +33.0 +1.1 +1.8 +24.9 +5.0 +.7 +63.6 -10.3 +5.5 New Hampshire . . -2.3 -8.4 +.8 -13.8 -5.7 +.2 +46.5 -15.1 +2.4 New Jersey. _ _ -14.3 -7.0 -2.5 -29.6 -4.5 -3.4 +71.5 -12.6 -.4 New Mexico _ _ +28.7 -7.4 +5.7 +19.8 -6.1 +5.6 +91.3 -13.6 +6.4 New York.. . . -.7 -8.8 -2.9 -16.5 -6.0 -4.0 +63.2 -14.6 -.4 North Carolina . +.6 -5.3 -1.5 -11.2 +4.0 -1.8 +75.7 -35.3 .0 North Dakota . . -21.3 -11.9 -2.4 -27.9 -10.2 -3.5 +9.6 -16.9 +1.4 Ohio _ _ -8.9 -4.2 +.3 -19.6 -.2 +1.1 +31.9 -13.3 —2.0 Oklahoma . . -25.3 -9.1 -.6 -33.8 -6.6 -1.5 +22.1 -16.7 +2.7 Oregon . . . -6.5 +3.7 +13.9 -14.9 +9.8 +13.7 +20.7 -10.4 +14.6 Pennsylvania . . . -10.5 -9.6 -3.6 -26.2 -7.4 -4.2 +75.8 -14.7 -1.9 Rhode Island.. . -10.8 -8.5 -2.7 -24.8 -3.8 -4.9 +71.0 -20.5 +4.1 South Carolina _ +1.2 -4.5 -1.3 -6.7 -4.1 -3.0 +63.4 -6.0 +6.6 South Dakota . -21.7 -10.3 -2.1 -29.8 -7.8 -2.4 +13.1 -17.0 -1.4 Tennessee _ +1.3 -4.6 -1.9 -5.7 -2.8 -3.6 +57.4 -13.3 +7.5 Texas _ _ -.4 -4.6 +.3 -10.3 -.7 +1.5 +44.9 -15.5 -3.7 Utah _ _ _ -2.5 +2.7 +2.1 -9.6 +5.7 +1.8 +20.6 -4.6 +2.9 Vermont _ _ _ _ -8.3 -8.9 -3.8 -12.7 -8.3 -5.3 +12.2 -11.4 +1.7 Virginia . . . -1.2 -3.9 +2.5 -11.0 -3.3 +2.4 +64.0 -6.1 +2.9 Washington . . . . -.5 +6.7 +5.0 -6.9 +14.3 +5.6 +19.0 -11.2 +2.9 West Virginia . +12.1 -7.7 +.4 +• 1 -6.0 .0 +97.3 -14.0 +1.9 Wisconsin . . . -12.5 -.5 -1.3 -24.9 +1.5 -1.0 +40.7 -5.1 -2.2 Wyoming _ +2.2 -5.9 +3.0 -6.7 -2.8 +3.4 +36.9 -14.0 +1.6 District of Columbia . +19.2 -4.5 +2.8 +11.4 -.2 -1.3 +49.8 -17.1 +17.4 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table II. — Enrollment by grade, in public day schools, and percent change, for specified years Percent increase or decrease Grade 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1939-40 to 1941-42 1941-42 to 1943-44 1943-44 to 1945-46 1939-40 to 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total . 25,433, 542 24, 562,473 23,266,816 23,299,941 -3.4 -5.3 —.1 -8.4 Elementary school pupils _ _ 18, 832, 098 18, 174, 668 17, 713, 096 17, 677, 744 -3.5 -2.5 +.2 -6.1 Kindergarten _ 594, 647 625, 783 697, 468 772. 957 +5.2 +11.5 +10.8 +30.0 First grade. . . 3,018, 463 2, 930, 762 2, 878, 843 2, 894. 588 -2.9 -1.8 +.5 -4.1 Second grade _ 2, 333, 076 2, 215, 100 2, 220, 739 2, 318, 502 -5.1 +.3 +4.4 -.6 Third grade _ 2,331,559 2, 175, 245 2, 162, 878 2. 190. 617 -6.7 -.6 +1.3 -6.1 Fourth grade _ _ 2, 321, 867 2, 196, 732 2, 079, 788 2, 094, 352 -5.4 -5.3 +.7 -9.8 Fifth grade . . 2, 247, 692 2, 166, 018 2, 016, 635 2, 006, 120 -3.6 -6.9 -.5 -10.8 Sixth grade _ 2, 176, 133 2, 124, 494 1,997,806 1, 910, 028 -2.4 -6.0 -4.4 -12.2 Seventh grade _ _ 2, 107, 667 2, 060, 752 1, 964, 997 1, 836, 897 -2.2 -4.6 -6.5 -12.9 Eighth grade.. . 1, 700, 994 1, 679, 782 1, 693, 942 1, 653, 683 -1.2 +.8 -2.4 -2.8 Secondary school pupils. 6, 601, 444 6, 387, 805 5, 553, 520 5, 622, 197 -3.2 -13.1 +1.2 -14.8 First year _ _ 2,011,341 1, 927, 040 1, 774, 593 1, 728, 499 -4.2 -7.9 -2.6 -14.1 Second year _ 1, 767, 312 1, 705, 746 1,519,638 1, 555, 302 -3.5 -10.9 +2.3 -12.0 Third year . . . 1, 485, 603 1. 450, 788 1, 230, 168 1, 255, 907 -2.3 -15.2 +2.1 -15.5 Fourth year _ _ 1, 281. 735 1, 273, 141 1, 009. 611 1,032, 420 -.7 -20.7 +2.3 -19.5 Postgraduate . 55. 453 31,090 19, 510 50, 069 -43.9 -37.2 +156. 6 -9.7 Table III. — Enrollment in public high-school grades, by sex, for specified years Year Enrollment Percent Percentage change over previous enrollment given 1 Total Boys Girls Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1909-10 . . . 915, 061 2, 200, 389 4,399, 422 5,140, 021 5, 669, 156 5,974,537 6, 226, 934 6, 601, 444 6, 713, 913 6,387, 805 6, 122, 066 5, 553, 520 5, 560, 190 5, 622, 197 398, 525 992, 664 2, 115, 228 2, 530, 790 2, 802, 122 2, 948, 765 3, 032, 963 3, 250, 952 3, 273, 606 3, 0S9, 434 2, 891, 633 2, 553, 356 2, 565, 699 2, 633, 117 516, 536 1, 207, 725 2, 284, 194 2, 609, 231 2, 867, 034 3, 025, 772 3, 193, 971 3, 350, 492 3, 440, 307 3, 298, 371 3, 230, 433 3, 000, 164 2, 994, 491 2, 989, 080 43.6 45.1 48.1 49.2 49.4 49.4 48.7 49.2 48.8 48.4 47.2 46.0 46.1 46.8 56.4 54.9 51.9 50.8 50.6 50.6 51.3 50.8 51.2 51.6 52.8 54.0 53.9 53.2 1919-20 . . . . . 1929-30. . - . . 1931-32 _ _ _ 1933-34. . . . . 1935-36 _ _ _ 1937-38 _ _ _ _ 1939- 40 _ _ _ _ .1 1940- 41.... _ _ 1941- 42 _ _ _ 1942- 43 . . — . 1943- 44 _ _ 1944- 45 _ _ _ _ 1945- 46 . . . 140.4 99.9 16.8 10.3 5.4 4.2 6.0 1.7 -4.9 -4.2 -9.3 .1 1.1 i The first 2 percentages are for 10-year periods, 5 for 2-year periods, and 6 for 1-year periods. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 Table IV. — Average daily attendance in public day schools as a percent of enrollment, for specified years Year Enrollment Average daily at- tendence Percent that average daily attendance is of enrollment 1 2 3 4 1909-10 _ - _ - . - . . - 17,813,852 12,827,307 72.0 1919-20 . - . . . 21,578,316 16, 150, 035 74.8 1929-30 _ _ _ _ _ 25, 678, 015 21, 264, 886 82.8 1931-32 . . . . . . . ... 26, 275, 441 22, 245, 344 84.7 1933-34 _ _ _ _ _ _ 26, 434, 193 22, 458, 190 85.0 1935-36 . . . . . . 26, 367, 098 22, 298, 767 22, 298, 200 22, 042, 151 21, 547, 444 21, 031, 322 84.6 1937-38 _ _ _ _ - 25, 975, 108 85.8 1939-40 . - _ _ _ _ 25, 433, 542 25, 296, 138 86.7 1940-41 . . . . . . - 85.2 1941-42 . . . . . - _ - - - 24, 562, 473 85.6 1942-43 _ - _ _ - . . . 24,155,146 20, 293, 274 19, 602, 772 84.0 1943-44 . . . - - . . . . . 23, 266, 616 23, 225, 784 84.3 1944-45 ._ _ _ _ _ _ 19, 671, 398 84.7 1945-46 . . . . . . . 23, 299, 941 19, 848, 507 85.2 Table V. — Length of school term for years indicated Year Number of States 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total _ _ _ 48 48 48 48 48 140-149.9 1 1 1 1 150-159.9 _ _ _ - 4 3 2 2 160-169.9 . . . . 6 7 9 9 8 170-179.9 _ _ _ - 26 25 25 24 28 180 or more . . . 11 12 11 12 12 Table VI. — Number of days attended per pupil enrolled, for years indicated Number of States enrolled 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total.... _ _ 48 48 48 48 48 100-109.9 . . . . 1 110-119.9. . . . . . 1 1 120-129.9 _ _ 4 4 3 3 130-139.9 _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 4 9 10 8 140-149.9 _ 7 9 8 16 17 150-159.9.... _ _ _ _ 19 18 18 14 17 160-169.9 . . . . 9 12 9 5 6 822769 — 49- 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table VII. — Number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher, for specified years, by State 1 State 1939- 40 1941- 42 1943- 44 1945- 46 State 1939- 40 1941- 42 1943- 44 1945- 46 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United New Mexico _ 28.0 27.0 25.9 25.9 States _ 25.2 24.5 23.7 23.9 New York _ __ 23.8 23. 4 23. 0 21. 2 Alabama . . . 29.2 28. 8 27.1 27.2 North Carolina 32. 2 31. 2 29. 7 29. 3 Arizona . . . 26. 1 26.0 25.4 24. 4 North Dakota 17. 2 15. 6 15! 0 15 5 Arkansas _ 29. 1 27.8 26.0 26. 2 Ohio 25. 7 26. 4 25. 5 25. 3 California _ _ _ 27.6 25.9 26.2 27.9 Oklahoma _ 24! 0 24.8 24. 1 24! 8 Colorado _ _ 22.3 21.0 20.5 21.0 Oregon _ 22.8 22. 4 23! 2 24. 3 Connecticut _ 26. 6 24. 0 20. 8 22.9 P enn s vl van i a. 27. 4 26. 5 24. 5 24. 7 Delaware. _ _ 24. 1 23. 1 22.3 22.2 Rhode Island 26! 4 22. 9 2l! 8 21. 2 Florida _ _ 24.8 24.3 24.5 24.4 South Carolina . . 25.6 25.2 24! 1 23! 5 Georgia . . 25.6 26.4 23.9 24.9 South Dakota 15. 3 14. 6 13. 7 14. 4 Idaho . . . . 23.5 22.2 22.9 24.6 Tennessee 26. 6 25. 9 25! 3 25. 5 Illinois . . . 23.8 23.2 22.3 22. 5 Texas _ 24. 7 23. 1 23. 4 23. 8 Indiana _ _ 27.5 26.6 27. 3 25.0 Utah.... 28. 0 27. 4 27. 2 28. 9 Iowa . . . 19.5 18.8 18. 1 19. 2 Vermont _ 21.3 20. 2 19. 1 22! 0 Kansas . . . 19.6 19.3 18. 1 19. 0 Virginia. . 27. 9 27. 8 26. 5 28! 5 Kentucky. . 26.2 26.2 24.7 24.7 Washington.. .. 25.9 25. 9 24! 8 24! 4 Louisiana . . 26.8 26.0 25.1 26.9 West Virginia 28.9 25.3 23. 5 24. 4 Maine . . . 24. 1 23. 1 23.9 22. 1 Wisconsin.. 23. 7 23. 1 22. 3 2l! 9 Maryland . . 29.8 29.2 28.9 28.3 Wyoming _ 18. 5 16.8 17! 8 17! 9 Massachusetts _ 25.4 23.9 21.6 21.9 Michigan . 26.3 26.6 26.0 26.2 District of Columbia _ 27.1 26.1 24.6 24.4 Minnesota . . 21.5 21.1 20.4 20.9 Outlying parts of the Mississippi _ 32. 1 29.7 28.9 30.1 United States 36.5 38.7 35.4 32.1 Missouri 22. 7 22. 8 22. 4 23. 1 Montana . . 18.9 17.5 16.5 17.2 Alaska. . . 17.4 18. 5 17.9 18.9 Nebraska.. _ _ 17.6 16.6 16.0 16.4 Canal Zone _ 27. 6 24.6 25. 2 20. 1 Guam... . 32.2 Nevada . . . 20. 1 21.0 20.9 20. 5 Hawaii .. . 28.4 27. 6 24.3 New Hampshire _ _ 22.9 21.9 19.6 19.3 Puerto Rico . . 42. 1 40.3 39. 8 36! 9 New Jersey . 23.5 22.4 21. 1 21.0 Virgin Islands _ 27. 8 23. 9 i It should be noted that this figure is based on actual attendance. The national average number of pupils enrolled per teacher would be 30.4 for 1945-46. Table VIII. — Salaries of instructional staff in public day schools, for specified years, by State State 1929-30 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States.. $1,420 $1,227 $1,283 $1,374 $1,441 $1,507 $1,728 $1, S95 Alabama _ _ _ _ 792 625 606 707 744 787 1,009 1,276 Arizona _ _ 1, 637 1, 309 1, 399 1, 535 1, 544 1, 653 1, 903 2,167 Arkansas _ _ _ 673 465 504 571 584 678 845 1,068 California _ _ _ 2, 123 1, 899 1, 776 2,201 2,351 2,616 2, 987 Colorado _ _ 1,453 1,172 1,248 1, 29| 1,393 1, 417 1,600 1, 822 Connecticut _ _ _ 1,812 1,607 1, 679 1,862 1, 861 1, 932 2,019 2,393 Delaware _ _ _ _ _ 1, 570 1, 484 1, 555 1, 623 1, 084 1,741 1,932 2, 202 Florida _ _ _ 876 806 905 1, 003 1,012 1, 130 1, 390 1,719 Georgia _ _ _ 684 640 587 715 770 806 923 1,081 Idaho. . . . 1, 200 794 943 1, 087 1,057 1,115 1, 379 1, 672 Illinois . . 1, 630 1, 397 1,369 1, 608 1, 700 1, 807 2,018 2,280 Indiana . . . . 1,466 1, 127 1, 294 1, 375 1,433 1, 505 1,833 2,143 Iowa _ _ 1,094 834 875 932 1,017 1,061 1,289 1,676 Kansas . . . 1,159 858 855 903 1,014 1, 021 1,313 1, 666 Kentucky... . . . . . 896 676 787 835 826 936 1, 158 1, 295 Louisiana . . . 941 725 793 982 1, 006 1,086 1, 427 1, 537 Maine _ _ _ _ 942 803 798 860 894 1, 000 1, 158 1,409 Maryland . . . 1, 518 1,409 1,455 1,564 1,642 1, 713 2, 069 2, 262 Massachusetts . . . . 1, 875 1, 730 1,834 2, 009 2,037 2, 049 2, 219 2, 512 Michigan . . . . 1,534 1, 162 1, 499 1, 586 1,576 1 1, 671 2,013 2,337 See footnote at end of table. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 Table VIII. — Salaries of instructional staff 1 in public day schools, for specified years, by State — Continued State 1929-30 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Minnesota - - - . - $1, 251 $1, 006 $1, 120 $1, 185 $1, 276 $1, 288 $1, 567 $1, 878 Mississippi - - 620 474 571 479 559 517 790 856 Missouri . . . . 1,235 1,175 1, 048 1, 134 1,159 1, 223 1, 410 1,793 Montana - - 1, 215 957 1,073 1,077 1,184 1, 224 1,453 1,838 Nebraska . - . 1, 077 749 772 813 829 854 1, 159 1, 514 Nevada _ _ _ 1, 483 1, 317 1, 521 1, 465 1,557 1,644 1,876 1, 992 New Hampshire - - - 1,254 1,182 1,207 1,258 1,258 1,293 1,366 1,530 New Jersey . — . — 2,113 1, 873 1,864 2,006 2, 093 2, 157 2, 353 2, 561 New Mexico . . . 1,113 : 994 984 1,090 1, 144 1,190 1,456 1, 970 New York - . - - 2, 493 2,361 2,414 2,322 2,604 2,618 2, 726 2, 946 North Carolina . . . . - 873 576 735 897 946 1, 019 1,342 1, 602 North Dakota - - - 900 621 648 684 745 750 1,059 1,469 Ohio - - - - . - 1, 665 1, 420 1, 522 1,506 1, 587 1,747 1,912 2, 165 Oklahoma - - - - 1,070 815 r 783 1, 027 1,014 1,120 1, 429 1, 796 Oregon - - - - 1, 612 921 1,154 1,286 1,333 1,430 1,809 2, 164 Pennsylvania . . - 1, 620 1, 531 1,549 1,593 1,640 1,724 1, 972 2, 124 Rhode Island - - - - 1, 437 1, 509 1, 664 1, 756 1,809 1,830 2, 042 2, 098 South Carolina . . . . . .. 788 599 637 734 743 820 973 1, 152 South Dakota . . - 956 614 711 752 807 844 1,158 1, 530 Tennessee . . . 902 725 718 726 862 880 1, 062 1,287 Texas . . . - 924 849 941 1,013 1, 079 1,091 1,329 1,640 Utah - - - - - - - 1, 330 1,094 1,177 1, 324 1,394 1,454 1,792 2,016 Vermont . - 963 770 917 952 981 1,001 1,165 1,692 Virginia - - - 861 779 810 864 899 1,047 1,308 1,574 Washington - - 1,556 1,217 1,369 1,746 1,706 1, 920 2, 099 2,547 West Virginia _ _ 1, 023 913 1,091 1, 096 1, 170 1,265 1,508 1,676 Wisconsin . - . 1,399 1,211 1,280 1, 307 1,379 1,428 1,705 2,002 Wyoming . . - . 1, 239 967 1, 023 1,053 1, 169 1,145 1, 471 1,654 District of Columbia . - _ 2,269 2,004 2, 376 2, 339 2,350 1,329 2,610 2,637 i Instructional staff consists of supervisors, principals, and teachers. Table IX. — Revenue receipts of State school systems, for specified years, by source Source 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total.... . . Federal _ _ State _ _ _ County _ _ _ _ Local and subsidies _ $2,088,556,837 100.0 $2,260, 527, 045 100.0 $2,416, 579,569 100.0 7, 333, 834 353, 670, 462 216, 746. 764 1, 510, 805, 777 ■ .4 16.9 10.4 72.3 39, 810, 339 684, 354, 085 151, 096, 506 1, 385, 266, 115 1.7 30.3 6.7 61.3 34, 305, 190 759, 992, 998 150, 223, 047 1, 472, 058, 334 1.4 31.6 6.2 60.9 Source 1943-44 1945-46 Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent 1 8 9 10 11 Total . . . . $2, 604,322,427 100.0 $3,059,844, 632 100.0 Federal . 35, 885, 601 859, 183, 105 146, 243, 375 1, 563, 010, 346 1.4 33.0 5.6 60.0 41, 377, 776 1, 062, 057, 260 185, 097, 364 1, 771, 312, 232 1.4 34.7 6.0 67.9 State . . . County _ Local and subsidies _ 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table X. — Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, for specified years, by State State State County Local 1929- 30 1939- 40 1945- 46 1929- 30 1939- 40 1945- 46 1929- 30 1939- 40 1945- 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ 16.7 30.7 35.5 10.6 6.7 6.0 72.7 62.6 58.5 Alabama _ 43.7 58.6 70.9 29.7 22.8 16.5 26.6 18.6 12.6 Arizona.., _ _ _ 17.4 21.2 46.1 38.4 38.2 3.7 44.2 40.6 50.2 Arkansas _ 33.6 46.0 58.7 2.9 3.8 2.8 63.5 50.2 38.5 California _ _ _ _ 25.1 47.8 43.2 36.9 2.0 .5 38.0 50.2 56.3 Colorado _ .1 5.5 6.6 26.5 20.7 14.2 73.4 73.8 79.2 Connecticut . . . . 7.5 8.8 15.2 92.5 91.2 84.8 88.1 92.7 89.0 11.9 7.3 11.0 Florida . . 21.6 51.8 47.3 29.6 17.0 27.5 48.8 31.2 25.2 Georgia - - - 36.5 58.2 58.3 30.1 16.6 20.6 33.4 25.2 21.1 Idaho _ _ _ .6 12.0 15.2 27.9 25.6 19.3 71.5 62.4 65.5 Illinois _ 4.5 10.2 15.9 .1 j 95.5 89.7 84.0 1.7 33.2 38.7 .6 .6 98.3 66.2 60.7 3.3 1.1 3. 7 2.6 .6 96.7 96.3 95.7 .1 11.7 5.5 14.4 7 2 99.9 73.9 87.3 Kentucky . . ... _ 26.3 41.8 48.6 29.0 26.6 2L4 44.7 31.6 27.0 Louisiana.. . . . . 25.2 56.9 63.2 54.5 30.2 31.2 20.3 12.9 5.6 Maine . _ 29.0 15.9 26.2 71.0 84.1 73.8 Maryland _ 17.3 21.9 30.3 34.3 31.3 33.5 48.4 46.8 36.2 Massachusetts _ _ 9.0 10.2 12.8 91.0 89.8 87.2 Michigan _ _ 19.9 46.0 49.2 .5 .6 80.1 53.5 50.2 Minnesota _ _ 17.3 35.2 31.6 5.0 1.6 .6 77.7 63.2 67.8 Mississippi _ _ 32.9 38.6 48.3 23.1 20.0 16.6 44.0 41.4 35.1 Missouri _ _ 10.7 35.8 41.9 4.2 .4 .6 85.1 63.8 57.5 Montana . . . . . 3.7 8.4 12.2 43.2 20.4 46.2 53.1 71.2 41.6 Nebraska _ .7 1.1 1. 1 1.0 2.0 99.9 97.9 96.9 Nevada _ _ _ _ 13.2 20.3 19.9 58.6 58.4 52.8 28.2 21.3 27.3 New Hampshire _ _ 8.8 5.5 7.2 91.2 94.5 92.8 New Jersey _ _ _ 21.0 5.7 15.6 .8 14.9 12.2 78.2 79.4 72.2 New Mexico . . 3.5 69.3 85.0 74.7 13.2 6.4 21.8 17.5 8.6 New York _ _ _ 28.6 33.9 34.2 71.4 66.1 65.8 North Carolina . . . 1.4 71.2 77.9 61.2 20.7 16.0 37.4 8.1 6.1 North Dakota - 2.8 14.4 16.0 7.8 8.7 7.4 89.4 76.9 76.6 Ohio _ _ _ 3.6 37.7 38.6 32.4 1.5 64.0 60.8 61.4 Oklahoma . . . 5.9 40.2 53.2 8.5 6.4 2.7 85.6 53.4 44.1 Oregon _ .4 33.4 18.5 25.9 12.0 81.5 73.7 54.6 Pennsylvania _ 14.0 21.2 31.0 86.0 78.8 69.0 Rhode Island _ 8.3 10.7 8.8 91.7 89.3 91.2 South Carolina _ 26.9 49.9 58.8 27.0 5.3 9.3 46.1 44.8 31.9 South Dakota. .5 8.5 4.0 3.5 1.9 99.5 88.0 94.1 Tennessee... . . 23.7 34.3 37.0 35.6 49.6 46.8 40.7 16.1 16.2 Texas . . . 35.9 41.3 40.8 .1 64.1 58.7 59.1 Utah _ _ 32.1 41.3 47.0 35.5 67.9 23.2 53.0 Vermont 12.4 17. 1 23.6 87.6 82.9 76.4 Virginia . . . 28.5 34.7 44.5 31.5 37.7 33.1 40.0 27.6 22.4 Washington . . . 26.2 61.3 65.7 16.1 5.5 2.7 57.7 33.2 31.6 West Virginia' _ 7.7 52.4 59.8 47.6 40.2 92.3 Wisconsin . . . 16.2 18.7 21.5 8.6 9.6 6.0 75.2 71.7 72.5 Wyoming . . 1.3 5.9 12.3 25.7 27.6 20.1 73.0 66.5 67.6 District of Columbia . 22.9 14.6 8.0 77.1 85.4 92.0 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Tabic XI. — Total expenditures, excluding debt retirement, of State school systems, by purpose, for specified years Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total current expense... General control . . . Instruction - - Operation . . . M ai ntenance . . . Auxiliary agencies - Fixed charges . Capital outlay - - - Interest . . . . . Summer and part-time adult schools . . . . $1,843,551,708 $1,941,799,228 $2,067,660,387 $2,293,337,099 $2,707,440,760 78, 679. 502 1,317, 727,233 216, 072, 433 78. 810, 238 101, 992, 622 50, 269, 680 91,570, 594 1, 403, 284, 523 194, 365. 182 73, 321, 441 129, 141, 210 50, 116, 278 101, 463, 403 1, 457, 876, 554 209, 788, 468 78, 862, 199 138, 951,113 80, 718, 650 110, 630. 693 1, 590, 633, 805 238, 773, 787 77, 323, 913 169, 522, 787 106, 452,114 132, 898. 853 1, 853. 910, 822 270, 280, 008 101, 254, 498 213, 616,859 135, 479. 720 370, 877, 969 92, 535, 880 9,824, 827 257, 973, 601 130, 908, 959 13,367,139 137, 552, 326 108, 781, 446 8, 703, 529 53. 856, 462 96, 804, 865 8,582,610 111,046, 088 76, 922, 958 11, 476, 635 Table XII. — One-room buildings in use, for specified years Year All build¬ ings in use 1-room buildings Year All build¬ ings in use 1-room buildings Num¬ ber Percent of total Num¬ ber Percent of total 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1909-10 . . 265, 474 271,319 263,280 255, 551 248,117 245, 951 242,929 212, 448 187, 948 165, 417 153, 306 148, 712 143, 445 138, 542 80.0 69.3 62.8 60.0 59.9 58.3 57.0 1935-36 _ 237,816 229, 394 226, 762 222, 660 209, 309 U96,734 130, 708 121, 178 113,600 107, 692 96. 302 86, 563 55.0 52.8 50.1 48.4 46.0 44.0 1919-20 1937-38 1923-24 1939-40 1927-28 _ _ _ 1941-42 ... 1929-30 . 1943-44 _ 1931-32 1945-46 1933-34 . 1 Estimated basis, previous years. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table XIII. — Current expense (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily * attendance by State, for specified years State 1929-30 1933-34 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1942-43 1943-44 1944-45 1945-46 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ $86. 79 $67. 48' $83.87 $88.09 $98.31 $104.85 $116.99 $125.41 $136.41 Alabama . . 37. 28 30.09 34. 27 36. 16 39.75 48. 01 54. 17 56. 93 68.57 Arizona . . . 109. 12 77. 11 94.16 96.26 104. 66 108. 22 120. 10 127. 55 136. 93 Arkansas _ _ 33. 56 22. 60 31.62 31.35 38.59 43.49 52.36 60.26 64.76 California _ _ _ 133. 30 109. 83 131. 43 141. 93 166. 92 154. 60 164. 79 163. 38 169. 21 Colorado . . 110. 76 78.30 87.41 92. 04 102. 38 108. 91 125. 44 129. 47 136. 12 Connecticut . . 102. 58 82.12 104. 47 109. 18 124. 88 140. 93 151. 09 159. 50 174. 39 Delaware . . . 95. 12 92. 85 104. 64 108. 52 113. 80 122. 81 131. 54 133. 05 152. 48 Florida . . 50. 61 40. 73 59.91 58. 35 68. 08 74. 06 82. 76 94. 55 103. 31 Georgia . . 31.89 28. 34 37. 71 42. 16 44.57 52. 60 55. 70 64. 92 64.60 Idaho . . 86. 86 57. 09 75. 00 78. 05 86. 72 86. 72 102. 12 112. 34 116. 55 Illinois . 102. 56 78.18 103. 77 115. 19 128. 99 138. 98 158. 02 169. 32 175. 11 Indiana. . 91.66 60. 20 77. 01 86.13 95. 97 91. 17 111.27 131.29 144. 53 Iowa . 96. 10 65. 44 81.15 86. 47 95. 40 95.40 116. 08 124. 83 143.88 Kansas. . . 92. 81 60. 19 72. 84 82. 61 86.27 96. 10 114. 58 130. 85 141. 25 Kentucky . . 46.23 33.37 44. 49 46. 78 51. 38 58. 52 75. 28 80.94 86.33 Louisiana _ _ 48. 19 36. 07 54.09 56. 58 65. 93 74.10 90.57 95. 31 101.36 Maine . 69.89 52.09 60. 36 63. 50 69.72 86. 94 83. 17 97.75 109. 39 Maryland _ _ 80.15 68. 64 78. 93 83. 81 89. 92 93. 70 110. 51 113. 98 126. 19 Massachusetts . . 109.57 95.69 109. 81 114. 52 130. 73 145. 96 161. 00 166. 67 179. 85 Michigan . . . . 114. 76 67. 68 89. 31 92. 38 101. 91 112. 01 124. 21 127. 73 147.33 Minnesota. . 101.29 75.15 91.92 100. 38 108. 26 120. 37 134. 29 144.29 157. 96 Mississippi . 36. 13 23. 55 28. 19 30. 72 31. 52 34.60 42. 25 44. 80 46.32 Missouri _ 70.28 60. 27 70. 68 80.36 86.79 94.29 100. 58 113.07 137.36 Montana . 109. 73 79. 24 104. 12 109. 07 125. 59 139. 37 159. 11 163. 42 215. 44 Nebraska . 93.08 57. 48 70.67 74. 41 85. 12 98. 64 112. 01 127. 28 142. 48 Nevada.. 136. 18 117. 90 133. 89 131. 35 134. 37 134. 37 149. 30 155. 88 162. 32 New Hampshire _ _ _ 92. 77 79. 67 92. 13 91.31 100. 70 110. 03 119. 66 131.48 135. 01 New Jersey . . 124. 90 102. 53 125. 53 136. 42 158. 08 173. 18 185. 07 198.33 211.82 New Mexico. . 77. 21 60. 18 71.30 76.36 83. 43 92. 20 113. 52 119. 98 134. 60 New York . 137. 55 124. 13 147. 65 156. 86 168. 07 178. 56 185. 12 194. 47 209. 76 North Carolina .... 42. 85 24.18 39. 59 40. 86 45.11 65. 16 68.91 81.43 North Dakota _ _ 99. 55 67. 32 74. 85 68. 87 79. 65 95.79 118. 88 132. 55 138. 02 Ohio . 95.69 72.51 86. 23 96. 37 106. 13 113. 65 124. 86 138. 25 147. 03 Oklahoma . . . . 65. 48 43.70 63. 25 63.03 72.83 74. 85 88. 71 96. 61 111.86 Oregon . . . . 103. 31 68.90 87. 88 97.42 106. 97 112. 42 132. 96 144. 56 157.88 Pennsylvania . . . 87. 81 75. 04 92.82 92. 45 106. 90 113.31 131. 14 137. 00 144.80 Rhode Island . . 95. 74 86. 97 98. 49 105. 17 122. 99 137. 66 148. 87 148. 96 160. 84 South Carolina... . 39. 98 27. 14 36.52 39.68 45. 51 49. 37 58. 22 65. 17 74.31 South Dakota . . 95. 36 62. 29 90. 90 85. 50 96. 33 113. 50 130. 82 144.62 153.93 Tennessee . . 42. 66 34.62 41. 61 44.29 50.44 54. 81 62. 21 69. 70 76. 16 Texas . . 54. 57 46. 63 65. 42 65. 87 78.24 84. 80 88.15 102. 46 118.12 Utah . . . 75. 08 58.71 74. 86 78. 47 84. 76 89.63 111.87 120 24 129. 30 Vermont . 84. 24 59. 76 77. 70 85.08 93. 84 102. 57 111.97 117. 90 122. 89 Virginia . . . 44. 25 37.51 42.31 47.91 55.83 64. 37 75. 30 83. 49 92.29 Washington . . 100. 45 69. 16 103.83 105. 31 127.70 134. 03 146. 57 159. 78 183. 33 West Virginia . . 72.16 48. 54 60. 55 63.71 72. 63 77. 61 93.06 93.18 101. 30 Wisconsin . 94.17 71.99 90.39 91.07 109. 69 114. 48 127.31 140. 41 147. 73 Wyoming . . . 128. 59 88.70 105. 91 108. 51 120. 29 138. 31 150. 17 164. 84 171.38 District of Columbia . 132.39 107. 30 123. 05 131.74 137. 48 156. 62 161.73 161.02 172. 22 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 Table XIV. — School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance by State, for specified years State School indebtedness Interest payments 1935-36 1939-40 1943-44 1945-46 1935-36 1939-40 1943-44 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States- $136. 17 $128. 65 $121. 08 $105.36 $5.96 $5. 94 $4. 94 $3.88 Alabama _ _ _ _ 39.03 39.62 18. 65 22. 22 1.64 .87 .76 .61 Arizona . . . . . . - 134. 37 106.09 74. 32 57. 28 7. 74 5.77 3.42 2.18 Arkansas.. . . . . . 67.02 63. 42 65.16 59.68 2.60 2.83 2. 41 2. 10 California. . . . . ... 199.68 172. 71 136. 12 149. 55 9. 53 8. 22 6. 36 4.53 Colorado . . . 144. 11 120. 97 98. 49 77. 12 7.33 5.34 4.42 3.06 Connecticut- . . 172.44 137. 25 118. 34 115. 67 7.75 5.36 4. 53 3.79 Delaware _ _ _ _ 50. 53 58. 87 64. 21 58. 66 1.60 1.58 1.26 1.99 Florida - - 184.47 155. 56 145. 33 119. 98 9. 14 7. 32 6.74 5. 77 Georgia. . . . . . . 34. 96 18.80 41.78 33.40 2.17 .96 .25 3.50 Idaho . . . . . 84. 81 81.78 71.68 68. 26 4. 57 3.60 2. 45 1.66 Illinois.-. _ _ _ 170. 26 157. 49 187. 42 124. 96 8. 59 5. 91 5.33 3.91 Indiana. _ _ _ 76. 43 70.06 50.47 46. 34 3.51 3.05 1.99 2.12 Iowa . . . . . 101.85 96. 77 75. 23 64. 29 5. 67 3.86 2.75 1.98 Kansas . . . . 78. 48 78.85 50.45 33.15 6.90 5. 24 5.66 2.11 Kentucky. . . . . . 38.29 36.07 31.62 29.02 1.40 2.12 1.34 .94 Louisiana . . . . 70. 13 73.15 70.05 97. 87 4.54 4.09 3.30 3.02 Maine.. . . _ _ ... 36. 98 34. 98 32.40 31.57 1.44 1.29 1.09 1.00 Maryland. _ _ . . . . 165. 58 154. 13 131.56 216.42 7.33 6.48 5.54 4.82 Massachusetts. . . 70.40 64.34 37.97 17. 09 2. 75 2.14 1.26 .54 Michigan _ _ _ 201.63 140. 91 135.27 104. 85 6.50 8.29 5.70 2.88 Minnesota . . . . . . 133.17 128. 54 121.90 117.07 5. 96 3. 82 1.38 1.29 Mississippi _ 18. 99 30.68 32. 69 7.69 1.33 .52 10 .32 Missouri _ _ 89. 85 85.40 68. 34 64. 09 4.03 3. 44 2. 62 2.03 Montana . . . . 79. 51 77.63 51.68 65.11 2. 56 1.82 .76 2. 98 Nebraska . . . . . 115.39 110.22 105. 79 84. 57 5.14 2.70 2. 87 2.49 Nevada. . . . . 114.14 107. 43 70. 77 143.18 4.66 5. 10 2.74 2. 01 New Hampshire _ _ _ _ 73. 40 65.80 46. 98 36.39 2. 94 2.30 1.58 1.10 New Jersey. . . . . . . 294. 26 267. 27 251.17 221.60 13.27 12.12 11.48 9. 98 New Mexico _ 61.19 53.60 46.16 79.33 2.88 3.23 2.36 1.44 New York . . 303. 89 335. 67 326. 58 311.81 12.76 13.04 13. 37 12.36 North Carolina . . . . 118.50 76. 92 66. 57 58.49 4. 51 3.53 2.97 2. 48 North Dakota. . . . 105. 56 83.02 42. 25 36. 00 5. 64 5.82 4.32 2.42 Ohio _ _ _ _ 173. 22 147. 34 109. 99 107.32 8.79 7. 46 5.12 4.02 Oklahoma _ _ _ 111.50 107.34 125.39 58.75 4.90 4. 86 2.30 1.36 Oregon . . . . . . . 120.13 89. 94 47. 92 42. 60 6.20 4.43 2. 71 2.57 Pennsylvania . . . . 157. 98 169.43 160.66 143. 47 4.59 13.60 12. 55 5.40 Rhode Island _ _ _ 270.01 291.33 329. 84 300. 32 11.14 11.36 12.16 11.74 South Carolina _ _ _ 48. 88 47.16 29. 06 21.21 2.69 2. 97 2.32 2.74 South Dakota. . _ . 107. 98 91.12 62. 71 62.37 4.65 5. 21 2. 79 2.36 Tennessee . . . 62. 97 60.35 62. 13 60.82 3.09 1.32 .54 .55 Texas.. _ _ _ _ 26.16 145. 27 237.32 140. 56 4. 85 4.96 5.75 5.61 Utah _ 96. 55 83.44 66.83 81.78 3. 96 3. 27 2. 45 2. 24 Vermont _ 44. 76 52. 40 57.60 27. 26 2. 03 1.12 .91 .93 Virginia. . . . . 62.23 61.74 61.11 59.17 2.74 2. 47 1.17 .80 Washington... . . . . 94.23 74.93 39.35 54.07 4. 62 3.25 1.99 1.84 West Virginia _ _ 30.64 32.24 27. 77 26. 77 1.65 1.54 1.06 2. 87 Wisconsin.. _ _ . 68. 43 47. 82 32. 97 31.01 2. 91 2. 75 .66 1.86 Wyoming . . . . . . 129. 28 122. 95 117.72 83.56 4. 87 1.48 .54 4.51 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table XV. — Expenditure for transportation, excluding purchase of busses, 1945-46 State Total Salaries Supplies and expense Contract service 1 2 3 4 5 18 States . $39,082,867 $17,204,763 $11, 108,905 $10,769,199 Arizona . . . . 571,078 212, 668 224, 515 133, 895 Colorado _ _ _ _ 1,112, 018 303,725 272, 283 536, 010 Delaware _ _ _ 324,363 2, 220, 136 1, 009, 501 1,933,013 134, 643 3, 481 1,397,902 346, 145 320, 882 Florida _ 822, 234 663, 356 229, 844 56, 232 Idaho _ _ . . . . . Maryland _ _ _ _ 1, 703, 169 42, 891 Nevada _ _ _ _ 35, 520 New Mexico _ _ _ 3, 020, 525 181, 957 103, 780 2, 734, 788 Ohio _ 7, 792,371 3, 185, 606 6,360, 574 1, 047, 152 1, 431, 797 1, 527, 842 Oklahoma . . . 610, 612 Oregon . . 1, 686, 896 1, 933, 807 1, 315, 484 654, 648 371,412 654, 649 South Carolina . . . . . 624, 510 Tennessee . . . . . 2, 458, 747 787, 147 434, 307 1, 237, 293 Utah.. . . . . . . 678, 206 307, 554 211,216 159, 436 Virginia. _ _ _ _ Washington . . . . . 3, 203, 431 2, 961, 294 2, 299, 925 733, 489 1, 391, 114 1, 381, 843 1,081,561 1, 570, 180 747, 484 1,388,381 West Virginia . . 170, 598 Wisconsin . . . . Outlying parts of the United States 2, 557, 307 755, 742 694, 831 1, 106, 734 Puerto Rico . . . . 15, 269 10, 878 4,391 Table XVI. — Population and public-school enrollment, 1945-46 Year Kindergarten and elementary grades Secondary grades Estimated population, 5-13 years, inclusive 1 Enrolled in the pub¬ lic schools 2 Percent enrolled 3 Estimated population, 14-17 years, inclusive 1 Enrolled in the public schools 2 Percent enrolled 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 . . . . . 22, 230, 101 21, 278, 593 95.7 9, 341, 221 4, 399, 422 47.1 1939-40 _ _ 20, 024, 827 18, 932, 098 94.0 9, 720, 419 6, 601.444 67.9 1941-42. _ _ _ 19,370, 339 18,174, 668 93.8 9,418,613 6, 387, 805 67.8 1943-44 . . . . 19, 306, 240 17, 713, 096 91.7 9,118, 049 5, 553, 520 60.9 1945-46 . . . . 19, 763, 877 17, 677, 744 89.4 8, 780, 020 5, 622, 197 64.0 1946-47 . . . 20, 698, 000 18, 500, 000 89.4 8, 691, 000 5, 649, 000 65.0 1947-48. . . . . 21,695, 000 19,395, 000 89.4 8, 490, 000 5, 603, 000 66.0 1948-49.. . . 22, 409, 000 20, 034, 000 89.4 8, 407,000 5, 633, 000 67.0 1949-50 _ _ _ 23. 025, 000 20, 584, 000 89.4 8, 443, 000 5, 657.000 67.0 1950-51. _ _ 23, 580, 000 21,081,000 89.4 8, 556, 000 5, 818, 000 68.0 1951-52 . . . . . 25,120,000 22, 457, 000 89.4 8, 784, 000 5, 973, 000 68.0 1952-53 _ _ _ 26, 290, 000 23, 503, 000 89.4 8, 959, 000 6, 092, 000 68.0 1953-54 _ _ _ _ 26, 188, 000 23,412,000 89.4 9, 090, 000 6,181,000 68.0 1954-55 . . . . . . 27, 710, 000 24, 773, 000 89.4 9, 370, 000 6, 465,000 69.0 1955-56. . . . . 27, 859,000 24, 906, 000 89.4 9, 750, 000 6, 728, 000 69.0 1956-57 . . . . 27, 450, 000 24, 540, 000 89.4 10, 479,000 7,231,000 69.0 1957-58 . . . . . 27, 067, 000 24, 198, 000 89.4 11,018,000 7, 602, 000 69.0 1958-59 . . . . . 26, 622, 000 23, 800, 000 89.4 11,351,000 7, 832, 000 69.0 1959-60 . . . 25, 142, 000 22, 477, 000 89.4 11,437,000 8,006, 000 70.0 1960-61 . . . . 24, 505, 000 21,907,000 89.4 12, 199, 000 8, 539, 000 70.0 1961-62. . . . . . . 23, 125, 000 20, 674, 000 89.4 12,816,000 8, 971,000 70.0 1962-63 . . . 21,920,000 19, 596,000 89.4 13, 228, 000 9, 260, 000 70.0 1963-64. . . . 20, 960, 000 18, 738, 000 89.4 13, 472, 000 9, 565, 000 71.0 1964-65 . . . . 20, 206, 000 18, 064, 000 89.4 12, 474, 000 8, 857, 000 71.0 1965-66 19, 922, 000 17, 810, 000 89.4 11,631,000 8, 374, 000 72.0 1 Population 1930 and 1940 Census Population reports; 1942, 1944, and 1946 estimated from life tables and births; 1947-60 Estimated, Bureau of the Census and 1961-66 estimated from previous years using life tables. 2 1930 to 1946, inclusive, actual figures, 1947-66 estimated. 3 1930 to 1946, inclusive, actual figures, 1947-66 estimated. It is estimated the elementary percent of en¬ rollment in public schools will not again go above 89.4. 4 It is estimated that the percent enrolled will again reach prewar figures and will move slowly higher. Table 1 . — Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1 870-1 946 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 1945-46 2 139, 893, 406 28, 943, 947 23, 299, 941 5, 622, 197 19, 848, 507 3, 608, 623, 803 138, 209 692, 817 831,026 i 209, 309 $8, 190, 858, 063 $27, 326,212 1, 881, 912, 979 1, 037, 039, 529 113, 565, 912 ! N © s © © *5 111,046,088 1,843,647,378 952, 192, 975 2,900,880,441 1943-44 © 138, 083, 449 28, 930, 000 23, 266, 616 5, 553, 520 19, 602, 772 3, 440, 876, 724 126, 672 701, 318 © © © 00 © © 3C- CO 80 §§ CO © $24, 984, 047 1, 646, 498, 185 831, 968, 626 100, 871, 569 r- O* sf s © e* 53, 856, 462 1, 551, 275, 675 847, 448, 899 © 00 Cl if* \ ** 1939-40 © 131, 891, 632 29, 805, 259 25, 433, 542 6, 601, 444 22, 042, 151 3, 858, 012, 335 194, 725 680, 752 r* r- 00 226, 762 $7,635,112,546 ■ $23, 104, 293 1, 490, 424, 784 G58, 983, 264 88, 014, 704 © s ©* © w w 257, 973, 601 1, 369, 510, 172 716, 565, 154 r- w © ao © hT CO Cl 1929-30 ao 122, 775, 046 31,571,322 25, 678. 015 4, 399, 422 21, 264, 886 3, 672, 765, 005 141, 771 712, 492 s s oo 247, 289 $6,211,327,040 $27,516,517 1,645, 687,651 329, 312, 434 86, 040, 235 2,088,550,837 370, 877, 969 1,295, 201,424 650,710,991 *88 ‘06t‘91C‘g 1919-20 105, 710, 620 27, 728, 788 21, 578, 316 2, 200, 389 16, 150, 035 2, 615, 161, 151 98, 654 583, 648 s? US ct 1 r* o 271, 319 $2,409,719,120 $26,036,098 758, 896, 551 134, 278, 753 50, 908, 896 GO © ©* r> ©* © 1 153,542,852 613, 404, 578 269, 203, 779 © © US © © 1909-10 © 91, 972, 266 24, 239, 948 17, 813, 852 « 915, 061 12, 827, 307 2, Oil, 477, 065 110,481 412, 729 © O* 1 e* 1 us 1 265, 474 $1,091,007,512 . $14, 096, 555 312, 221, 582 1 64, 604, 701 | 42, 140, 859 © © c* © © e* 69, 978, 370 253, 915, 170 102, 356, 894 ■*< © us ** \ © 1899-1900 75, 602, 515 21,404, 322 15,503,110 » 519, 251 10, 632, 772 1,534,822,633 126, 588 296, 474 e* © © ** 248, 279 $550, 069, 217 $9, 152, 274 149, 486, 845 37, 886, 740 23, 240, 130 219, 705, 989 35, 450, 820 137, 687, 746 41, 826, 052 ao © s © Cl 1 § 62, 622, 250 18, 543, 201 12, 722, 631 s 202, 963 8, 153, 635 1,098,232,725 125, 525 238, 397 ** © © ' cc 224, 526 $342, 531, 791 $7, 744, 765 97, 222, 426 26, 345, 323 11, 882, 292 143, 194, 806 26, 207, 041 91, 836, 484 22, 463, 190 140,506,715 1879-80 CO 50, 155, 783 15, 065, 767 9, 867, 395 » 110, 277 6, 144, 143 800, 719, 970 122, 795 163, 798 cc © 1 ©* 1 X e* 178, 122 $209, 571, 718 $55, 942, 972 78,094, 687 1869-70 e* 38, 558, 371 12, 055, 443 6, 871, 522 8 s 80, 227 4, 077, 347 539, 053, 423 77, 529 122, 986 200,515 116,312 $130, 383, 008 $37, 832, 566 63, 396, 666 Item - I. General Statistics Total population1 _ _ _ Children 5-17 years of age (inclusive) 1. Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) . Pupils enrolled in public high schools. Average daily attendance _ Total number of days attended by all pupils . . . . Men teachers _ _ _ Women teachers . . Total teachers _ _ .. Number of schoolhouses. . . Value of all school property. . . II. Financial Statistics Revenue receipts: From income of permanent funds and lands _ _ _ From county and local taxes and appropriations.. _ . From State taxes and appropriations. From all other sources. . . Total . . . Expenditures: For sites, buildings, furniture, libraries, and apparatus . For salaries of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers . . . For all other purposes . Total _ _ _ _ 822769—49 - 5 See footnotes at end of table. Table 1. — Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1870-1946 — Continued 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 1944-46 .Es to co 0,5 ii fs O . a> .2 w'Cy .£■§8.2 •g/Ss.2 M’S f* o.-w> a ® 3' ° n MO 3 3 *3 n1^ a® g u 3 oS^-u . 3 . a ® S © ^ •* « St ® Q” -222 O'g MC3?5 . “gS,l-S’Ss§ 73 «2 ^ 2 3 ‘-*3 2 <3 a a.a ® 3.2 a’S g § o £>Qp=,OPQ §£m Table 2. — Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and local basic units, by State, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 IS SB fV-3 3a fr'-C § s § - H o o s o'" 3 S3 mR a‘5 I HC5HINCO OrfHOOH COOOIOON WNOS^OCD NOWH(N GOWWOCO C^OiNTfN *hh»ocO^ »-h CO »0 ^ HWN lO 0 O CO ^ *0 CO oo os r>- oq oo 05 co o ^ ^ co as ^ co ^ ^ O »C ^ CO ^ h CO NCOONOO CO»CN(NN O o i s PhSS 3a fr:3 .S w r2 co fe S'S'S g-^ § 2.2 3 ^ ^N00«0 CO o *o ^ o »0 05 t-- CM NOO ' oo" *0“ i-T r-T eo" i oo o >o © < ilOOOON co ■ Si®o, M&SsS a 3. 5 a> o3 t3 ■ as® io »o 00 CO CO © © —I © r3„ o»T5 o 13 .2 « a m a-9 S»3 O 03 O Oh £‘8 a ” © © 000050CO 05 CO o io COCOt^OO »— I iO CO ' OOOCOOCO 05CO»0 m ft Ja§§ <1 ■a .li ill cq>oci BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 32 Table 3. — Number of local basic administrative units, by level of instruction offered, by State, 1945-46 State Total Entire county and county except independent units Other administrative units 'cS O Eh Elementary grades only Secondary grades only Elementary and secondary grades '3 o Elementary grades only Secondary grades only Elementary and secondary grades 'S O Eh Elementary grades only Secondary grades only Elementary and 1 secondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Continental United States _ 1 101,273 83,571 1,716 15,986 955 15 27 913 100, 318 83,556 1, 689 15,073 Alabama . . 108 4 0 104 67 0 0 67 41 4 0 37 Arizona _ _ 338 278 60 0 0 0 0 0 338 278 60 0 Arkansas . . 2,179 1,448 0 731 0 0 0 0 2, 179 1,448 0 731 California . . 2, 629 2,323 259 47 6 0 6 0 2, 623 2,323 253 47 Colorado _ _ 1,871 1, 644 0 227 0 0 0 0 1,871 1,644 0 227 Connecticut . 171 90 1 80 0 0 0 0 171 90 1 80 Delaware _ 17 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 17 Florida . 67 0 0 67 67 0 0 67 0 0 0 0 Georgia . . . . 208 0 0 208 156 0 0 156 52 0 0 52 Idaho . . . 1,114 929 33 152 0 0 0 0 1,114 929 33 152 Illinois . . . 9,861 9, 058 717 86 0 0 0 0 9,861 9, 058 717 86 Indiana. . . 1,131 413 6 712 0 0 0 0 1, 131 413 6 712 Iowa _ _ 4, 775 3,896 0 879 0 0 0 0 4, 775 3,896 0 879 Kansas _ 6, 906 6, 259 340 307 0 0 0 0 6, 906 6, 259 340 307 Kentucky . . . 256 10 0 246 120 6 0 114 136 4 0 132 Louisiana _ _ 67 0 0 67 64 0 0 64 3 0 0 3 Maine . . . _ 115 1 0 114 0 0 0 0 115 1 0 114 Maryland _ _ 24 0 0 24 23 0 0 23 1 0 0 1 Massachusetts . . 351 119 0 232 0 0 0 0 351 119 0 232 Michigan . . 4, 572 3, 778 0 794 0 0 0 0 4, 572 3, 778 0 794 Minnesota . . 7,657 7,205 0 452 1 0 0 1 7, 656 7, 205 0 451 Mississippi . 4, 194 3,509 0 685 0 0 0 0 4,194 3, 509 0 685 Missouri. . . . 8, 558 7, 855 0 703 0 0 0 0 8, 558 7,855 0 703 Montana _ _ 1,382 1,200 18 164 0 0 0 0 1,382 1,200 18 164 Nebraska . 6,987 6,371 37 579 17 0 17 0 6,970 6,371 20 579 Nevada _ . _ 237 201 14 22 0 0 0 0 237 201 14 22 New Hampshire. . 240 147 0 93 0 0 0 0 240 147 0 93 New Jersey ... _ New Mexico _ _ 563 363 11 189 0 0 0 0 563 363 11 189 103 9 0 94 31 9 0 22 72 0 0 72 New York _ 5,112 4,372 4 736 0 0 0 0 5,112 4,372 4 736 North Carolina _ 171 0 0 171 100 0 0 100 71 0 0 71 North Dakota.. . 2, 273 1,850 2 421 2 0 2 0 2, 271 1,850 0 421 Ohio . . . . 1,622 561 0 1,061 0 0 0 0 1,622 561 0 1,061 Oklahoma . . 4, 416 3, 714 0 702 0 0 0 0 4,416 3,714 0 702 Oregon - - 1,607 1,367 110 130 7 0 2 5 1,600 1,367 108 125 Pennsylvania . . 2, 543 1,396 0 1,147 0 0 0 0 2, 543 1,396 0 1,147 Rhode Island.. . 39 10 0 29 0 0 0 0 39 10 0 29 South Carolina . 1, 703 1,397 0 306 0 0 0 0 1,703 1,397 0 306 South Dakota . . 3,415 3,072 6 337 0 0 0 0 3, 415 3,072 6 337 Tennessee . . 152 0 0 152 95 0 0 95 57 0 0 57 Texas... _ _ i 3, 605 2,168 0 1,437 9 0 0 9 3, 596 2, 168 0 1,428 Utah _ _ 40 0 0 40 35 0 0 35 5 0 0 5 Vermont . . . 269 0 0 269 0 0 0 0 269 0 0 269 Virginia . . . . 124 0 0 124 100 0 0 100 24 0 0 24 Washington . . 691 383 8 300 0 0 0 0 691 383 8 300 West Virginia . 55 0 0 55 55 0 0 55 0 0 0 0 Wisconsin _ _ 6, 393 5,904 76 413 0 0 0 0 6,393 5,904 76 413 Wyoming _ _ _ 361 267 14 80 0 0 0 0 361 267 14 80 District of Columbia- 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Outlying parts of the United States .. Alaska . American Samoa _ Canal Zone . Guam _ Hawaii . . . Puerto Rico. . Virgin Islands. . . . 135 42 0 93 0 0 0 0 135 42 0 93 66 1 1 1 1 63 2 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 1 1 1 1 63 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66 1 1 1 1 63 2 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 1 1 1 1 63 2 i Does not include 1,840 districts in Texas “in legal existence” which do not operate schools. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 Table 4. — Number of personnel in State offices of education, by State, 1945-46 State Total Chief State school officer and his profes¬ sional staff Regional and district admin¬ istrative and supervisory personnel Clerical assist¬ ants Opera¬ tion and mainte¬ nance force Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time (full¬ time) i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States . _ _ 5,403 1, 440 25 316 4 3, 098 163 1357 149 37 112 29 13 16 30 13 17 145 22 16 107 26 10 16 Connecticut . . . 177 62 1 12 97 5 57 30 4 21 1 1 Florida _ _ 73 22 2 47 2 Georgia _ _ _ _ . 267 19 83 3 144 13 5 Idaho _ _ 23 10 12 1 Illinois-- _ _ _ _ 127 34 27 58 8 Indiana . . . . . . 53 10 30 13 105 17 25 61 2 Kansas- _ _ 39 21 15 2 1 Kentucky _ _ _ 131 40 10 17 48 10 »6 Louisiana . . . . 168 67 1 75 25 45 22 23 Maryland 38 16 4 18 Massachusetts 2 _ _ _ _ 249 56 1 192 Michigan . . . . . 61 33 1 1 26 Minnesota _ _ _ 85 32 50 3 Mississippi . . 36 25 11 Missouri . . . . 155 19 67 64 5 Montana . . . 65 2 14 40 9 Nebraska . . . . 57 25 28 4 Nevada _ _ .. ... 18 9 7 2 New Hampshire... . . . 29 14 14 1 New Jersey _ . . . . 132 25 87 20 New Mexico . 27 12 15 New York . . 1,068 141 187 765 116 North Carolina .. 64 77 North Dakota _ _ _ 25 16 9 Ohio _ _ _ 364 61 15 97 191 Oklahoma _ _ 52 20 32 Oregon _ 24 11 13 Pennsylvania . . . . . 379 61 318 Rhode Island 27 2 g 17 South Carolina _ _ 58 25 33 South Dakota _ .. _ 19 11 8 Tennessee _ 79 21 1 18 34 5 Texas . . . 119 14 12 50 40 3 Utah... . 36 17 19 Vermont . . . . 35 19 16 Virginia _ _ _ 200 118 82 Washington _ _ _ 43 18 2 21 2 West Virginia . . . . 32 15 16 1 Wisconsin . . 76 27 28 21 Wyoming . . . . . 30 16 12 2 Outlying parts of the United States _ 350 111 66 153 20 Alaska . . . . . . 8 3 5 American Samoa _ 1 1 Canal Zone _ _ 17 5 6 6 Guam . . 1 1 Hawaii . . . . 8 4 4 Puerto Rico.. _ _ 315 97 60 138 20 1 Includes 3 part-time. 2 Statistics, 1943-44. Table 5. — Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants, by State, 1945-46 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 OHd t>> ® d s- too55 was i.mA'S S *0 bf ‘rg '£ -g ^ lOO^OON OO^CONH ^h O C4 (M 05 CO O CO CO CO CD N O O 10 CO Tf GO *0 (N05H (M HNQON t^05CDC*05 OO^O-^COCO toco I0CO 00 t^C O (N 00 *0 CO N* *o *o t^T*oof i O CO CD ’ I cd oo r^ c 1‘OOClf "o co oT r CO *0 lO 00 * ig& §5 : is? ) CO rH CQ CD j^iOiON >oo*ooco i ;$ :a |3.^A|a " “ • gj§ CD CO CD 00 CO CD CD CO NhM CO (M Tf r-H o *0 T* > g00 ; 481 500 727 1, 452 78 134 N- &&&£ -£-£.242“> 03-^ S2 1113 |~oq IfSS 2 2 3 3 i 1 ' -a S 8-S '3 •§ ^Sn GO ft II sP O 5 ff : ©®«®® o 525 £ siggs SSS.is« ^:2;ooo P4tfM(2eH e-!>^ 82^769—49 - 6 .23 >» w Q ciJS j^O •Sgisgg .3 2 § 3 a 3 -^QpHcu 1 No data on supervisors and principals, probably included with teachers. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 4-4 6 Tabic 6. — Percentage of men teachers in public day schools at different dates, by State Percentage of Men Teachers State 1870- 71 1 1879- 80 1889- 90 1899- 1900 1909- 10 1919- 20 1929- 30 1939- 40 1941- 42 1943- 44 1945- 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Continental United States _ 41.0 42.8 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 16.6 22.2 21.3 15.3 16.6 Alabama . . 66.8 63.8 62.9 30.1 35.0 20.3 16.4 19.4 16.4 11.0 11.4 Arizona . . . . . . 47.5 38.8 27.3 17.0 10.8 16.9 27.5 25.4 18.5 23.2 Arkansas . . . _ . 75.6 78.4 68.5 59.7 47.0 31.2 27.3 28.1 23.5 16.0 16.6 California. . . . . 40.0 33.6 21.4 17.8 13.8 12.2 16.1 20.0 20.0 23.4 20.1 Colorado . . . . . 48.8 36.4 26.2 20.9 15.6 9.2 17.2 24.0 25.2 14.8 16.2 Connecticut . . . . 22.1 122.8 U3.4 19.0 6.2 7.3 9.1 16.5 16.1 10.4 13.8 Delaware . . . 29.9 46.6 31.0 25.3 13.7 10.8 13.7 21.1 22.1 15.0 16.1 Florida _ _ 65.7 61.6 48.0 36.9 25.7 15.8 13.5 15.5 14.4 8.5 10.9 Georgia. . 71.4 165. 2 53.3 44. 0 24.4 13.1 13.9 17.9 14.6 10.9 11.6 Idaho _ _ _ 64.3 57.4 133.4 31.2 25.5 14.8 23.3 34.7 36.4 19.4 18.8 Illinois . . . . 43.5 39.7 32.5 26.4 18.5 15.0 19.0 23.7 22.8 15.5 18.3 Indiana . . 60.5 57.5 51.1 46.2 35.7 16.9 25.3 30.3 29.9 23.2 23.8 Iowa . . ... _ 39.0 33.6 20.6 17.2 9.8 8.2 8.7 14.2 13.8 7.9 8.1 Kansas . . . . 47.2 45.1 40.8 32.7 18.0 12.1 18.1 20.3 19.5 11.2 11.6 Kentucky. . 66.0 64.6 49.8 45.5 41.7 21.0 20.9 29.9 23.8 13.6 15.5 Louisiana _ _ _ 50.9 46.1 44.7 47.9 21.4 13.7 14.3 20.0 18.3 12.2 10.8 Maine . . . . 24.4 127.2 U6.0 116.4 11.2 8.5 14.2 19.1 18. 1 13.1 15.8 Maryland _ _ ... 45.0 42.6 27.8 21.7 17.1 11.5 14.6 19.2 18.7 13.6 15.2 Massachusetts _ 12.7 13.2 9.8 8.8 9.1 8.6 14.7 18.8 19.4 18.6 19.8 Michigan _ _ _ _ 26.3 29.2 22.3 20.3 14.0 11.5 17.6 22.5 23.2 17.1 19.0 Minnesota . . . 33.7 25.9 23.9 19.4 12.0 8.8 12.9 18.0 18.0 12.7 14.4 Mississippi... _ _ _ _ 60.8 61.2 49.6 44.2 31.0 22.0 16.1 19.7 19.2 9.2 13.8 Missouri. . . . . . 65.3 58.1 44.4 37.6 26.4 16.2 18.2 26.1 21.0 13.9 15.0 Montana... . . . . . 60.3 38.5 22.9 16.6 12.0 10.7 12.8 23.5 23.9 15.4 19.2 Nebraska . 51.9 40.7 27.1 21.8 11.9 7.3 10.8 15.3 14.2 8.2 9.4 Nevada . . . . 32.4 46.7 16.3 11.1 10.8 9.0 14.5 27.3 23.9 13.6 18.5 New Hampshire . . 15.0 16.8 9.8 8.9 7.1 8.3 12.6 20.6 21.0 15.4 18.3 New Jersey _ _ _ _ 32.5 28.5 18.4 12.9 12.3 10.5 12.0 19.6 20.2 16.0 18.3 New Mexico _ _ 91.7 78.0 162.2 155.2 34.4 20.6 21.5 21.6 21.6 18.5 20.4 New York . . . . . 22.9 26.0 16.9 14.9 11.7 10.3 13.0 20.9 21.7 17.9 20.9 North Carolina . . 73.2 171.3 59.1 49.4 28.5 15.8 16.0 16.0 14.9 9.1 10.1 North Dakota . . 24.7 140.8 28.3 28.8 17.4 12.3 16.8 23.5 21.5 13.2 15.1 Ohio... . . . . . 43.2 47.8 43.1 40.4 31.1 18.0 20.0 29.2 29.0 22.0 23.6 Oklahoma _ 42.8 26.2 18.9 23.4 26.9 25.9 12.6 11.2 Oregon. . . . . 51.7 48.3 43.3 28.4 19.4 12.8 11.8 20.9 18.9 12.1 14.5 Pennsylvania. . 42.8 45.5 34.2 32.0 22.6 16.3 17.4 26.3 25.8 20.1 20.6 Rhode Island . . . 20.4 20.2 12.6 9.5 8.9 7.8 11.8 19.2 18.0 14.2 16.8 South Carolina _ 62.4 59.5 49.6 143.5 23.1 14.7 14.8 17.6 15.2 9.9 10.0 South Dakota . . . (2) (2) 29.0 24.4 16.6 10.5 15.0 21.2 19.1 9.8 9.5 Tennessee . . 75.0 74.4 61.8 154.0 37.0 22.4 20.8 25.9 22.3 14.1 15.5 Texas . . . . . 77.3 175.0 61.1 48.9 30.8 18.0 18.2 22.6 21.1 11.1 12.9 Utah.. . . . 55.0 54.5 46.6 36.5 26.6 24.9 29.2 38.5 38.8 31.2 28.2 Vermont. . . . 16.5 16.8 12.0 13.6 8.9 3.7 8.6 11.7 12.3 7.8 7.1 Virginia. _ _ _ 64.5 61.8 41.5 31. 5 19.9 10.9 11.3 17.1 13.2 10.6 8.9 Washington . . 46.5 37.4 40.6 28.9 20.0 13.9 17.0 26.6 27.3 16.0 19.3 West Virginia _ _ _ _ 79.0 75.2 63.4 57.9 48.0 28.7 28.9 26.9 29.2 23.0 23.0 Wisconsin. . . . . . 28.8 28.9 19.8 18.4 11.8 8.9 15.3 21.6 22.6 14.4 19.3 Wyoming . . 28.6 44.3 22.4 15.6 12.8 11.0 14.8 21.7 20.3 12.4 15.2 District of Columbia . 8.2 7.8 13.0 13.1 11.5 11.9 11.9 15.0 15.3 12.3 15.3 Outlying parts of the United States _ 53.0 48.4 19.9 21.5 31.0 19.9 Alaska . . . . . 11.0 16.2 34.4 28.5 14.3 17.8 American Samoa _ 84.6 Canal Zone.. . 31.4 47.4 47.5 38.6 36.2 18.8 Guam... . 38.4 30.2 Hawaii . . 11.1 16.9 20.7 20.0 21.3 17.4 Puerto Rico _ _ _ ... 27.8 26.7 22.9 21.5 20.8 21.0 Virgin Islands . 35.7 27.4 15.9 12.7 i Estimated. * Included in North Dakota. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 Table 7. — Basic local administrative units, by number of teaching positions, by State, 1945-46 Number of teaching positions held— State Total units No teach¬ ing po¬ sitions 1 2 3 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 149 150 to 199 200 or more 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 33 States and District of Columbia 60, 182 8, 026 33, 641 4,011 1,472 1,141 4,236 3,291 1,225 653 459 999 416 205 407 i 209 1 1 2 12 23 18 21 15 47 32 14 23 Arkansas. . . 2,179 46 1,097 296 114 75 230 170 80 31 15 17 2 4 2 171 4 7 12 8 43 28 17 7 9 15 9 6 6 17 1 2 3 4 5 2 67 1 2 6 5 19 15 2 17 208 3 17 12 14 85 45 20 12 7, 636 6. 339 401 615 192 44 23 5 9 8 256 23 45 26 21 15 76 28 12 10 67 1 12 21 5 28 24 4 6 4 10 Massachusetts . . 351 1 10 18 15 15 45 74 40 21 17 41 20 7 27 Michigan _ 4, 572 3, 374 318 112 65 193 274 90 35 29 42 19 4 17 Minnesota . ._ 7,657 2, 138 4, 618 279 89 46 161 200 53 22 11 27 7 3 3 Montana _ 1,382 91 987 99 3 9 85 53 33 12 3 2 2 _ 3 Nebraska - . 6,987 1,434 4, 868 123 65 81 266 100 27 6 2 11 2 .... 2 Nevada . . 237 64 86 22 10 7 28 11 5 2 2 New Hampshire. . . 240 8 19 46 31 23 42 42 15 2 1 6 3 1 1 New Jersey... . 563 31 12 14 31 27 114 109 57 34 20 04 16 10 24 New Mexico _ _ 103 1 18 21 22 7 8 17 7 1 1 New York . . 5,112 1,668 2,010 339 129 73 136 210 164 122 54 110 34 19 44 North Carolina.. . 171 4 12 11 51 31 22 40 North Dakota _ _ 2, 273 233 664 488 279 190 328 74 7 3 5 1 1 Ohio.. . . .. 1,622 29 61 103 88 110 345 544 125 75 *41 60 11 ”ll 19 Oklahoma. _ _ _ 4,416 980 1, 997 638 75 21 340 241 59 20 13 24 3 3 2 Pennsylvania _ 2, 543 55 135 185 169 202 663 526 190 128 90 133 33 12 22 Rhode Island _ _ 39 2 3 5 7 1 5 9 2 5 South Dakota _ 3, 415 48 3,072 4 11 28 163 60 16 3 2 6 .... 1 Utah _ 40 1 4 n 1 3 11 2 ~~7 4 Virginia _ _ . 124 1 2 3 7 41 27 14 29 Washington .. . ... 691 77 159 73 44 36 87 82 44 21 18 26 12 4 8 West Virginia _ _ . 55 7 13 12 23 Wisconsin . . 6, 393 1, 082 4, 027 507 159 100 238 165 44 16 18 16 4 6 11 Wyoming . . 361 37 105 51 34 21 57 32 8 6 3 5 1 .... 1 District of Columbia. 1 1 Outlying parts of the United States _ 135 35 4 6 3 8 6 1 3 1 35 13 11 Alaska .. . 66 35 4 6 3 8 6 1 2 1 American Samoa 1 1 Canal Zone.. . . . 1 i Guam. . 1 1 Hawaii. . . 1 i Puerto Rico 63 1 32 13 10 7 Virgin Islands ... ... 2 1 . 2 I Including subdistricts. Tabic 8. — Health, transportation, and custodial employees in public schools, by State, 1945-46 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 3 3 IVG oh OOH 00 *-i s 0 n® 5 co pi & 5 O 5 ^ »c fcO CO 05 1 Tf(NOOOi rHCOiOCOf (N050N< ooconon co»or^o< gsgsg O I sa iSfl .22 C ®2 co s"!r , 3 * m o 5 os .2 rrt ^ C3 ® ^ Ti >->r a-gs-IS o 8^-3:3 £ ® >» c3T3 3 J4 a a .a ® c3 e3 « 3 S? S&c 3^0 56SS3 22222 >3 ' .'.3 r/) O lf«i ssss & & £ti.2 ® ® ® 0,a STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 . 1 rH CO I 52 I I rH ! O S3 is fS3?S i 13 161 23 ss & ! o • i i if 5 | | ! Tt< to K 8 i : if p| !ohh © 2 j js is 3 i ecus con © i li 3S8 i' 2 44 8 25 11 2 8 as ! © js j : i1 N i'" i^ i ii s§£§ SII88 r «d rH 1941-42 C5 n -*< i s 18, 174, 668 6,387,805 625, 783 2, 930, 762 2, 215, 100 2, 175, 245 2, 196, 732 2,166,018 2, 124, 494 2, 060, 752 imm. 1, 927, 040 1, 705, 746 1, 450, 788 1, 273, 141 31,090 100.0 COOOOOOON^OO c^i oi oo ad oo oo oo co » 1940-41 00 2 1 18,582,225 6,713,913 613, 213 2,991,738 2, 285, 614 2, 263, 315 2, 270, 749 2,211,285 2,155,538 3 2. 099, 791 2, 034,316 1, 792, 615 1,517, 344 1,322,641 46,997 100.0 ^000®000>OMN CS -4 03 OO 05 OO 00 od o 1939-40 r* § § s 18,832,098 6, 601, 444 594, 647 3, 018, 463 2, 333, 076 2,331,559 2,321,867 2, 247, 692 3 2, 176. 133 2y 107, 667 1,700,994 2,011,341 1, 767, 312 1, 485, 603 1, 281, 735 55, 453 100.0 COC5(NC^i-«OOCOCOt^ (NrHoSooodooodo i 1938-39 hhONN T oo* cd id O 00 05 OJOOOON ? r^‘ id id 05 r* § 05 00 CO cm CO cd id rti 00 s <© CO ^ CO CM 00 °? t^* cd id Tt< N io s COCO OCM CM cd id tjJ to 2 lOHNOW «? t>. «o '# •# lO M 2 1 CM ON 05 CO !>■’ cd ^ CO* CO W 05 hOOO Ojg 0X3 O o ai o M 8X3 “x3 tuoX3 be IpS-SPS <- ^ c3 u <3 «5 ^ gj a ® 3 os t>i a> f>>'a ^ fl'O'E bo s2 § ‘s3 3 "to •ajfloo (*( m E-i P4 '"‘O •3*? ■ss iri X3 »« • S 1=1 ■o 9'" c8 ®.2 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 Table 12. — Enrollment in public day schools, classified by elementary junior, junior-senior, senior, and regular high schools, by State, 1945-46 State Total Kinder¬ garten and elementary Reorganized high schools Regular and voca¬ tional high schools Junior Junior- senior Senior > 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States _ 23, 299, 941 16,378, 784 1,276, 565 1,787,837 1, 160, 336 2, 696, 419 Alabama _ ... ... _ - 638, 375 471, 694 22,042 114, 422 9,772 20,447 Arizona. . . ... 108, 123 79,078 4, 904 3,250 8,309 12, 582 Arkansas... ... _ _ 393, 070 288, 516 10, 614 69, 712 10, 068 14, 160 California . . .. _ _ 1, 434, 185 965, 215 138, 144 49, 760 123, 759 157, 307 Colorado _ ... _ . 205, 907 137, 792 19, 456 13, 984 22, 120 12, 555 Connecticut . 250, 730 170, 381 16, 773 7,143 11, 523 44, 910 Delaware. .. _ 41, 683 25, 812 3, 524 9,638 117 2,592 Florida _ 373, 177 247, 560 29, 772 69, 351 19,404 7, 090 Georgia... . . . . 694, 382 556, 884 19, 618 4, 522 14, 558 98,800 Idaho . . 108,423 73, 591 6,538 2, 961 7, 890 17, 443 Illinois _ _ _ ... . ... 1, 115, 707 778, 475 21,420 4, 427 47, 789 263, 596 Indiana . . . . 646, 626 437, 617 22, 383 87, 394 30, 906 68, 326 Iowa _ 460, 538 321, 664 27, 952 26, 686 35, 402 48, 834 Kansas _ . . _ 337, 627 229, 019 23,731 19, 136 25, 071 40, 670 Kentucky . . . 526, 461 411, 102 14, 284 56, 874 9, 050 35, 151 Louisiana . . 436,273 364,288 1,591 18, 680 2,505 49, 209 Maine . .. .. _ _ _ 145, 900 105, 245 2,968 11, 549 2, 367 23, 771 Maryland. _ _ 288, 391 199, 134 23, 470 49, 922 11, 289 4, 576 Massachusetts. ... .. ... . 586,936 368, 960 72, 173 23, 830 82, 560 39, 413 Michigan... .. .. . . 946, 627 637,245 74, 908 101, 707 91,042 61, 725 Minnesota... . . .. . . . 462, 539 302, 055 22, 104 82, 774 26, 526 29, 080 Mississippi . . . . 517, 024 426, 308 2, 596 55, 592 5,744 26, 784 Missouri . . .. .. 625, 235 459, 019 15, 491 32, 992 18, 343 99,390 Montana _ _ _ 95, 669 67, 341 2, 291 4, 539 2,802 18, 696 Nebraska.. ... . . . . 230, 147 159, 250 5, 878 11, 515 7,010 46, 494 Nevada _ _ 24,684 18, 340 1,189 208 1,015 3,932 New Hampshire . . 66, 972 42, 031 3, 342 9, 924 4,020 7,655 New Jersey . _ _ 615, 461 405, 895 35, 803 19, 125 29,196 125, 442 New Mexico _ _ 128, 532 100, 749 6, 866 5, 778 5, 226 9, 913 New York _ _ 1, 881, 444 1, 189, 443 141, 731 153, 234 81, 930 315, 106 North Carolina . . . . . 813, 499 668, 575 7,998 8, 377 5,846 122, 703 North Dakota _ _ 114, 591 82, 245 2, 429 9,009 2, 793 18, 115 Ohio _ 1, 118, 506 717, 006 62, 411 177, 764 53, 180 108, 145 Oklahoma _ ... 461, 265 322, 095 32, 622 23, 305 31, 063 52, 180 Oregon _ _ 223,764 154, 578 12, 529 6, 185 15, 031 35, 441 Pennsylvania _ _ .. 1, 513, 178 975, 923 118, 492 181, 739 112, 163 124, 861 Rhode Island.. . . .. 94, 346 58,965 15, 240 3,665 12, 550 3, 926 South Carolina... . . _ _ 448,244 360, 725 6,254 34,990 7,157 39, 118 South Dakota _ _ 113, 831 82, 491 1,769 5,480 1, 982 22, 109 Tennessee ... . . _ 595,019 473, 789 17, 611 16, 580 10,760 76, 279 Texas _ 1,246,453 912, 566 73, 318 38, 730 66, 294 155, 545 Utah _ _ _ 141, 184 84, 960 21, 569 15,898 16, 286 2, 471 Vermont . . . . 52, 997 38, 122 271 9,657 565 4, 382 Virginia . _ _ 547, 981 422, 992 13, 255 17, 769 11, 641 82, 324 Washington.. _ _ 384, 431 271, 801 25, 499 22, 736 25, 675 38, 720 West Virginia . 410, 673 285,490 27,296 62, 416 18, 936 16, 535 Wisconsin . . . . 484,356 328, 241 23, 139 26, 821 24, 050 82, 105 Wyoming . . . 53,998 37,909 1, 853 6, 087 2,338 5, 811 District of Columbia . 94, 777 60, 610 19,454 14, 713 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 44-46 Table 13. — Enrollment, by grade, in * State Total Kindergarten and elementary pupils Total Kinder¬ garten First grade Second grade Third grade Fourth grade 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United 33,299,941 17,677,744 772,957 2,894,588 2,318, 502 2,190,617 2,094,352 States. Alabama _ 638, 375 531,672 103, 118 72, 892 70, 044 66, 988 Arizona . . . . 108,123 85, 567 2, 352 16, 977 11,409 10, 649 9, 523 393 070 325 849 66, 478 43 562 41 177 39 693 California _ 1, 434’, 185 1,071, 363 108, 425 166, 549 133, 099 123,045 113, 868 Colorado _ . _ _ 205, 907 157, 242 9, 027 22, 125 19, 015 18, 494 17, 902 Connecticut - - 250, 730 181, 459 18, 759 23, 154 21, 722 20,372 19, 685 Delaware . - _ 41, 683 31,280 571 4, 622 4,119 4,016 3, 645 Florida - - - 373, 177 295, 238 1,044 52, 092 41,039 37, 950 36,683 Georgia— - - 694, 382 567, 283 5,003 131, 066 84, 787 77, 683 74, 021 108, 423 79, 806 11, 704 11, 073 10,633 9, 916 Illinois _ _ _ _ 1, 115, 707 801, 433 57,440 114, 303 101, 663 94, 547 91,964 Indiana _ _ _ 646, 626 474, 136 15, 314 71, 330 64, 377 58, 223 55, 581 Iowa — _ _ - 460, 538 346, 552 23, 217 59, 811 41, 901 40, 063 38, 722 Kansas _ _ 337, 627 248, 805 14, 172 33, 792 31, 293 29, 701 29, 344 Kentucky . . . 526, 461 442, 370 3,404 92,899 60, 570 56, 784 54, 515 Louisiana . . 436, 273 370, 744 3, 759 77,082 54, 253 48,754 45,964 Maine . - - - 145, 900 114, 676 12, 778 13, 969 12, 811 12, 751 12, 753 Maryland — - -- -- --- - - 288, 391 227, 619 7, 272 37, 772 33, 502 29, 587 28, 489 Massachusetts. .. . . - 586, 936 419, 894 24, 146 55, 696 51, 546 49, 562 47, 802 Michigan — - - 946, 627 693, 886 85, 511 91, 442 84, 762 79,052 75,684 Minnesota - - - 462, 539 338, 930 21, 304 46, 896 43, 673 40, 593 39,072 Mississippi _ _ - _ 517 024 448, 159 122, 596 59, 790 56, 501 54, 145 Missouri. .. - - - ... - 625, 235 478, 909 18, 816 71, 851 61,435 58, 946 57, 777 Montana - - 95, 669 70,120 741 10, 617 9, 483 9, 066 8, 553 Nebraska _ - - - 230, 147 165, 906 12, 557 21,811 19,998 19, 231 19,008 Nevada - - - 24, 684 18, 858 1,364 2, 938 2.622 2, 287 2,195 New Hampshire . . 66, 972 48, 923 1,463 6,645 6, 099 5,946 5, 886 New Jersey _ 615, 461 436, 540 36, 972 65, 410 50, 118 48, 229 46, 843 New Mexico . . . 128, 532 106, 383 8, 034 16,395 14, 725 13, 663 12, 434 New York _ _ .. 1, 881, 444 1, 292, 026 109,070 162, 920 151, 658 146, 839 141, 182 North Carolina _ _ 813, 499 680, 636 117, 000 93, 477 91,445 89,464 North Dakota _ — - - 114) 591 87, 173 12,185 11, 386 10, 812 10, 990 Ohio _ 1,118,506 820, 744 33, 190 118,814 110, 053 104,938 95,564 Oklahoma- . - - - - 461, 265 352, 505 6, 369 57, 608 45, 652 43, 626 42, 359 Oregon . . . 223, 764 164, 669 5, 781 24, 622 22, 039 20, 595 19, 481 Pennsylvania _ 1, 513, 178 1, 074, 144 40, 668 141, 466 135, 572 129, 677 126, 730 Rhode Island - - 94, 346 69, 723 5,129 9, 277 8, 385 8, 148 7,883 South Carolina . — _ 448, 244 361, 706 81,327 54, 976 51,730 49, 462 South Dakota _ 113, 831 84, 826 2,138 11,408 10, 721 10, 485 10, 516 Tennessee _ -- -- 595, 019 492, 776 95,964 69, 668 66, 377 62, 512 Texas _ 1, 246, 453 968,098 5, 422 188,696 136, 266 127,895 118, 498 Utah— _ _ 141, 184 102, 562 3,834 13,973 13, 519 12, 627 12, 261 Vermont _ 52, 997 41, 260 734 5, 674 5, 208 5, 077 5, 026 Virginia.-. . . -- 547, 981 430, 714 4,162 82, 412 63, 462 60, 763 59, 037 Washington _ 384, 431 291, 480 19, 252 43, 060 38, 795 35, 769 33, 682 West Virginia..- . 410, 673 326, 232 443 55, 670 44, 539 43, 438 40, 602 Wisconsin _ _ 484, 356 345, 381 33, 533 44, 814 41, 856 39, 970 38, 060 Wyoming . . . . 53, 998 40, 628 1,383 6,248 5,617 5,104 4, 861 District of Columbia. . . 94, 777 70, 859 8, 404 10, 310 8,315 7, 753 7,527 Outlying parts of 452,865 389,586 3,283 83,401 67,077 55, 745 48,025 the United States. Alaska. _ _ 8,050 6, 482 335 1, 016 949 882 778 Canal Zone - - - 7, 558 6,198 581 782 811 747 757 Hawaii. _ _ _ 82, 874 58, 944 1, 867 7,545 7, 412 7,115 7, 048 Puerto Rico . _ 349, 915 313, 946 73, 509 57, 409 46, 486 38, 929 Virgin Islands . . . . 4, 468 4,016 500 549 496 515 513 Includes postgraduate, special, and ungraded pupils. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 public day schools, by State, 1945-46 Kindergarten and elementary pupils— Con. Secondary school pupils Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Total First Second Third Fourth Post¬ grade grade grade grade year year year year graduate 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2,006,120 1,910,028 1,836,897 1,653,683 5,622, 197 1,728,499 1,555,302 1,255,907 1,032,420 50,069 64, 071 58, 478 51, 703 44, 378 106, 703 37,315 30, 130 23,291 15,967 9,353 8, 602 8,505 8, 197 29,232 22, 556 7, 926 6,165 4,703 3, 762 37, 917 35, 245 32, 545 67, 221 22,931 18, 468 14, 169 11,653 109,833 105, 479 106, 832 104, 233 362, 822 105, 649 102, 749 85, 773 68, 651 17,846 17,773 17, 908 17, 152 48, 665 14, 451 13,394 11,279 9,491 50 19,354 19,068 19, 624 19, 721 69, 271 20,631 19,321 16, 014 13,023 282 3, 740 3,611 3,624 3,332 10, 403 3,647 2,690 2, 250 1,816 34,882 32, 480 30, 860 28, 208 77,939 25, 621 21,821 16, 850 13, 647 69, 111 61, 985 56, 225 7, 402 127,099 45, 812 34, 069 26,446 20, 772 9, 557 9, 167 8,897 8, 859 28, 617 8, 703 7, 769 6, 645 5, 497 3 87,730 87, 511 80,809 52, 075 85, 466 314, 274 93, 594 88,083 71,437 61, 160 54, 483 52, 115 50, 638 172, 490 52. 429 45, 801 38, 060 33, 265 2,935 37,363 35, 557 35, 561 34, 357 113,986 32, 449 30, 445 27, 086 23,968 38 28,553 27, 853 27, 379 26, 718 88,822 26, 233 24,315 20, 406 17, 602 266 45, 498 50, 160 37, 619 40,921 84, 091 28, 065 24, 157 17, 126 14, 743 42, 210 38, 224 33,557 26,941 65, 529 6, 617 22, 198 19,251 15,906 1, 557 12,679 12, 474 12,306 12, 155 31, 224 10, 162 8,365 6,848 5,715 134 27, 127 25, 517 23,992 14,361 60, 772 17, 555 17, 389 14, 242 11,559 27 47, 145 47, 541 47, 253 49, 203 167, 042 50,309 45, 713 38, 213 32, 342 465 72,828 68,982 68, 525 67, 100 252, 741 66, 417 60, 616 49,802 41,736 i 34, 170 37, 447 36, 524 36,277 37, 144 123, 609 35, 459 32, 908 28, 385 25, 667 1, 190 47,563 41, 266 35,516 30, 782 68, 865 23, 754 18,943 14,668 11, 500 52, 596 56,110 48,321 53,057 146,326 40,317 40, 755 33, 152 32, 058 44 8,593 8,038 7, 826 7,203 25, 549 7, 210 6,766 6,058 5, 490 25 18, 659 18,336 18,080 18, 226 64, 241 18,839 16,929 15,006 13,467 1,933 1,903 1,775 1,841 5, 826 1,832 1, 583 1,390 1,021 5, 772 5, 652 5,791 5, 669 18, 049 5,392 4, 924 4,117 3, 488 128 46,818 46, 217 48, 465 47, 468 178, 921 55,340 49,311 6,234 39, 748 33, 950 572 11, 678 10,915 9,865 8,674 22, 149 7, 635 4, 701 3,579 141, 767 141, 106 148, 619 148,865 589, 418 189, 636 167, 807 123, 850 102, 230 5,895 84,878 76, 256 67,809 60,307 132,863 51, 409 39, 402 33, 279 8, 500 273 10,739 10,507 10,367 10, 187 27, 418 8,387 7, 142 6, 385 5, 504 91, 934 87, 497 89, 775 88, 979 297, 762 89, 717 82,388 67, 833 57, 824 42, 030 39,334 38, 710 36, 817 108, 760 34, 381 29,690 24, 655 19,927 107 18, 520 18,300 17,412 17,919 59,095 18, 148 16, 201 13, 550 11, 196 126,730 123,783 125, 257 124, 261 439,034 132, 624 125, 157 98,731 82, 098 424 7, 642 45, 550 10,283 7, 526 41, 476 9,915 8, 037 37, 185 9,612 7,696 24, 623 86, 538 29, 005 7,289 29,852 8,400 6, 703 22, 700 7, 642 5,283 18,002 6,780 5, 348 15, 984 6, 183 9, 748 59, 943 53,934 44, 836 39, 542 102, 243 36, 291 27, 776 20, 576 17,600 112,440 94, 524 95,969 88, 388 278, 355 87,084 78, 180 62, 138 50, 573 380 11,902 11, 650 11,311 11,485 38, 622 11,393 11,098 9, 606 6, 464 2,200 61 4,929 4, 826 4, 945 4,841 11,737 3,680 3, 176 2, 649 32 54, 845 51, 247 46, 813 7,973 117, 267 41, 603 31,447 24,321 19,575 321 31, 684 30,921 29, 645 28, 672 92, 951 28,337 25, 661 21, 130 17,533 290 39, 128 36, 248 34, 572 31, 592 84, 441 27,592 22, 748 18,321 15, 540 240 37,044 37, 245 36, 329 36, 530 138, 975 39, 318 37, 541 33, 172 28, 850 94 4,651 4,387 4,400 3,977 13,370 3,938 3, 651 3, 175 2,583 23 7, 142 6, 563 7,579 7,266 23,918 7,126 7, 181 5,355 4,213 43 40,372 34,597 30, 133 26,953 63, 279 23,711 16,502 13,202 9,844 20 681 676 616 549 1,568 541 407 372 243 5 496 864 588 572 1,360 589 285 269 217 6, 921 7,085 7,051 6,900 23,930 7, 043 6,311 5, 569 5, 007 31,816 25, 552 21, 555 18, 690 35, 969 15,360 9,366 6,914 4,314 15 458 420 323 242 452 178 133 78 63 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 14. — Population, census, and pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, by State, 1945-46 Secondary pupils, 9th grade to post¬ graduate, inclusive Girls 2, 989,080 62, 568 11,675 36, 951 188,028 26, 636 36, 504 5, 631 43, 074 71,776 14, 963 157, 129 88, 906 59, 597 45, 727 47, 558 37, 592 17, 259 33, 007 90, 184 132, 830 66,057 40, 384 75, 320 12, 764 33, 424 2, 984 9, 397 95, 063 11,464 300, 780 Boys - r* eo cs CD N 44, 135 10, 881 30, 270 174, 794 22,029 32, 767 4, 772 34, 865 55, 323 13, 654 157, 145 83, 584 54, 389 43,095 36, 533 27, 937 13, 965 27, 765 76, 858 119, 911 57, 552 28, 481 71,006 12, 785 30, 817 2,842 8, 652 83, 858 10, 685 288, 638 Total s 5, 622, 197 106, 703 22, 556 67, 221 362, 822 48, 665 69, 271 10, 403 77, 939 127,099 28, 617 314, 274 172, 490 113, 986 88, 822 84, 091 65, 529 31, 224 60, 772 167, 042 252, 741 123, 609 68, 865 146, 326 25, 549 64, 241 5,826 18, 049 178, 921 22, 149 589, 418 Elementary and kindergarten pupils kindergarten to 8th grade inclusive Girls 8,579, 731 260, 734 41, 607 160, 696 520, 255 75, 113 87, 689 15, 009 143, 713 276, 306 38, 654 388, 384 229, 772 167, 395 120, 104 214,709 182, 043 55, 370 110,379 200, 294 334, 964 163,195 221, 181 232, 275 34, 033 80, 307 9, 179 23, 432 207, 135 51, 729 626, 819 Boys 00 9, 098, 013 270, 938 43, 960 165, 153 551, 108 82, 129 93, 770 16, 271 151, 525 290. 977 41, 152 413, 049 244, 364 179,157 128, 701 227, 661 188,701 59, 306 117,240 219, 600 358, 922 175, 735 226. 978 246, 634 36, 087 85, 599 9, 679 25, 491 229, 405 54, 654 665, 207 Total - r* CD 531, 672 85, 567 325, 849 1, 071, 363 157, 242 181,459 31, 280 295, 238 567, 283 79, 806 801, 433 474,136 346, 552 248, 805 442, 370 370, 744 114, 676 227, 619 419, 894 693, 886 338, 930 448, 159 478, 909 70, 120 165, 906 18, 858 48, 923 436, 540 106, 383 1, 292, 026 Total pupils Girls CD 11,568,811 323, 302 53, 282 197, 647 708, 283 101, 749 124, 193 20, 640 186, 787 348, 082 53, 617 545, 513 318, 678 226, 992 165, 831 262, 267 219, 635 72, 629 143, 386 290, 478 467, 794 229, 252 261, 565 307, 595 46, 797 113, 731 12, 163 32, 829 302, 198 63, 193 927, 599 Boys O w w 315, 073 54, 841 195, 423 725, 902 104, 158 126, 537 21, 043 186, 390 346, 300 54, 806 570. 194 327, 948 233, 546 171, 796 264. 194 216, 638 73, 271 145, 005 296. 458 478, 833 233, 287 255. 459 317, 640 48, 872 116, 416 12, 521 34, 143 313, 263 65, 339 953, 845 Total 05 8 W eo w 638, 375 108, 123 393, 070 1, 434, 185 205, 907 250, 730 41, 683 373, 177 694, 382 108, 423 1, 115, 707 646, 626 460, 538 337, 627 526. 461 436, 273 145, 900 288, 391 586, 936 946, 627 462, 539 517, 024 625, 235 95, 669 230, 147 24, 684 66, 972 615. 461 128, 532 1, 881, 444 Estimated population 5-17 years, inclusive, July 1, 1946 e* 05 w s OO w 756, 708 148, 189 493, 844 1, 622, 598 244, 833 333, 226 54, 972 457, 881 811, 710 126, 718 1, 462, 046 753, 827 526, 154 371,415 700, 372 607, 705 188, 501 399, 868 814, 343 1, 267, 221 579, 490 577, 911 752, 472 116, 572 267, 148 24, 003 98, 516 717, 336 154, 925 2, 346, 713 Estimated population excluding armed forces overseas July 1, 1946 w CD O W 05 oo 05 2, 807, 817 622, 804 1, 884, 659 9, 550, 727 1, 137, 581 1, 963, 519 286, 527 2, 310, 303 3, 128, 302 472, 314 8, 028, 453 3, 767, 313 2, 543, 502 1, 861, 195 2, 745, 590 2, 519, 520 876,213 2, 186, 872 4, 590, 254 6, 064, 899 2, 821, 442 2, 099, 533 3, 776, 250 478, 477 1, 275, 713 135, 414 516, 735 4, 304, 261 528, 997 13, 741, 836 State l Continental United States _ Alabama . . _ . Arizona . .. . . . . Arkansas . . . California . . Colorado . . Connecticut _ _ _ Delaware . . . . Florida _ _ _ _ _ Georgia . . . . Idaho . . Illinois _ _ Indiana . . . Iowa... . Kansas . . . . . Kentucky . . Louisiana _ Maine . . Maryland... . . Massachusetts. . Michigan.. . . . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi _ Missouri. . . Montana . . ... Nebraska . . . Nevada. . . . . New Hampshire _ New Jersey . New Mexico _ New York . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1 Estimates, by United States Bureau of the Census. 2 Statistics, 1944-45. * Statistics, 1941-42. Table 15. — Percentage of the total population enrolled in public day schools and ratio of enrollment to school population at different dates, by State 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Percent of children 5-17 enrolled 1945-46 I © 80.5 WOOIO^OCO COOO©©M OO^rHrHN* 00»OHHH OOOOOON cd © oo ^ id id fh »d o cdiONOid »h n^ cm cm ^ ©©cdc4© c4oo©cd© oor^r^oooo n-n-oooooo r^oooo©N» r^oooooooo ©ooooooo 1939-40 GO eo GO CM GO © © © N*00©rHN- ©NIO COCOOO©© ©MC^©'-'** ©h^n!©^ © © © oo cd © © i-h cd © © cm cm oo cd D$t^©»drH © cm' © © © 00 00 00 ©00 OOOOOOOO© 00©©©IN t^OOtNt^OO 00 © 00 00 © © N- 00 00 00 1929-30 81.3 NCO»OOON CO IO ION H ©W(NI0h N- © © © M OHCOCO© ©©^C^llN ©odrHcdcd © cd rH © © oo id © © 06 rHododcdrH ^ nT cd © © ^ 06 © ©cd 1NOOOO©© N*N»©t^© t»00©©N* t^t^©t^00 00©t^00© © © OO 00 t>- 1919-20 CD 77.8 rH © © © CO CO © ©00 rH Tt< rH © CM © CO © CO CO 00 00 CO CM © © CO ^ 00 ^ oo © c4 © © cd cm ^ c^©©*t^cd cdcdcdrH© r-4 © oo c4 © r4 ^ © c$ r^OOOO©© OOt^OOlN© t^N.Q000N- ©N-©t^l> 00©t^©© © © N- N- N- o 1 ID © ed 62.5 62.5 80.1 79.7 90.3 74.4 71.8 68.5 66.7 88.7 72.3 78.7 87.4 89.2 73.5 50.8 84.9 70.1 71.3 78.3 78.3 80.2 82.2 81.7 87.0 75.9 67.0 70.6 59.3 68.7 1899- 1900 3 w *^©©©d ©CO©CON t^»-lT-HC^CO ©^©Mfh ©co©oo© h©©^ © rHrHrH©00 ^ © CO © © C$ rH © © © W H N CO N CO 00 M © Tf ^ 00 fH © ©©t^t^OO N- N- © © N- t^OOOOOOt^ 00 © N- N- N- N» CO © © © 1889-90 w 9*89 CON^^Cl 0(NH©N © CM © © © © © ^ © © © © ^ rH OOCOMC'Ot'- © cm © cm e4 cd rH oo cm cm © © cd © i-h © © cm' cd dodnid cd *h ei c* © © © © t» N- © © © N- N- 00 GO © CO 00 © N- N- N- N- N- N- N- N- © ^ 1879-80 N 65.5 ©MOO^OO OIN(N!N© ©^©M i © 00 rH 00 rH © CO © 00 © CO 00 CO rH c^cdocd© t^©T}4©t^ c4 cd cd ■ ©©odrnod ©rnodcdod ©rH^cdt^ ^ ©CON© © ^ N- INGOOON- i NOO©NN © © © © N«©hN i I GO s 61.5 1 CO © CO OO © CM © rH © © ^ CM 1 CO '’t N CO N © © © CM 00 © CO CM © © l©c OCM ©©rHrHCO H CO d d 1 © C4 © »d © © © 00 ^rHCO^cd ^ t'r*©’^ 00©MrH^ 00 N- 00 1 CSOO^N-N- © t>. © ©©© 00 1 1 Percent of total population enrolled 1945-46 © r» CD vH ^ © © rH 00 © CM CM © ©< NhhN CO N- M 00 © ^ © © © © CM © CO CO N* cm nT © © 06 cm' ©' cm cd cd oo 06 © cd cd cm © © ^ ©‘ © 06 06 cd ^ ^ cd (NHINHH HHHNN HHHHH HHHHH i-I (M rH (M rH HHHWH 1939-40 0) eo D (MOOOhN -^©CO©© 00©00©^Tj5© CM -4 eo c4 osr^cotdoo hmosm^ oo ->r oo c4 to » CO H^NNO rHrHCMrHCM HHHNCM rH rH CM CM CM ,-t rH H rt H NNNHN HHHHH 1899- 1900 © © © ^ © M GO © © © 00 N- ©Tt^^oo^ ^ cd oo © t^cdoorncd rH irtrH (M rH CM O W»0^. *0 00 00 t*— co *o . o TJ O "O C o o « T5 c O >» B c o E o u 6) U c O "D C O t: o D "D O on E > < 00 T“ _0j> _D O BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 1945-46 O 19,848, 507 632, 797 95, 930 322,374 1, 183, 584 174, 821 221, 700 36, 008 334, 743 563, 653 95, 775 955, 499 535, 150 387, 489 * 278, 843 420, 691 369, 261 131, 795 249, 114 611, 104 851, 123 395, 453 443, 925 532,537 81, 162 198,800 20, 083 58, 309 531,483 98, 839 1, 552, 891 718, 944 101, 285 1,010, 277 391,337 183, 571 1939-40 US N s e* N 566, 673 88, 414 373, 356 1, 056, 943 199, 201 256, 146 39, 243 326, 722 583, 931 105, 985 1,092,811 590, 170 436, 692 330, 941 493, 210 398, 104 148, 613 257, 054 629, 550 861, 634 454, 166 474, 020 599, 354 98, 360 242, 603 17, 817 67, 397 634, 673 106, 331 1, 919, 684 790,003 125, 086 1, 121, 762 485, 290 166, 214 1929-30 GO 21,204,886 473, 553 75, 969 330, 825 908, 765 190, 742 274, 482 36, 255 267, 042 538, 271 98, 479 1, 203, 537 596, 416 465, 051 364, 801 432, 862 349, 594 138, 043 235, 555 675, 676 814, 967 456, 836 436, 162 576, 417 105,327 259, 188 14, 977 65, 966 662, 961 76, 216 1, 866, 243 672, 895 148, 614 1, 141, 324 470, 090 155, 166 1919-20 16,150,035 367, 554 46, 420 326, 053 480, 864 150, 090 205, 213 27, 368 165, 720 467, 081 84, 642 956, 090 457, 113 405, 567 309, 505 3 342, 669 256, 133 115, 885 175, 312 519, 905 521, 251 394, 859 3 259, 982 531, 221 91, 744 232, 515 10, 625 53, 245 476, 261 59, 442 1, 361, 600 473, 552 128, 436 808, 712 355, 998 136, 575 1909-10 CD o eo w GO 2 266, 589 20, 094 255, 135 286, 744 107, 520 3 147, 190 22, 559 103, 892 346, 295 51, 137 779, 040 420, 780 360, 178 291, 329 315, 196 182, 659 106, 955 145, 762 444, 090 443, 458 348, 500 261, 384 490, 390 41,314 191, 076 J 7, 400 50, 101 324, 239 37, 389 1, 122, 649 331, 335 90, 149 648, 544 278, 650 103, 553 1899-1900 US N r* r* N eo CD O 297, 805 10, 177 195, 401 197, 395 73,291 111, 564 25, 300 75, 003 298, 237 21, 962 737, 576 429, 566 373, 474 261, 783 310, 339 146, 323 97, 697 134, 400 366, 136 355, 226 243, 224 224, 526 460, 012 » 26, 300 181, 874 4, 698 47, 276 207, 947 22, 433 857, 488 206, 918 43, 500 616, 365 63, 718 64, 411 8 i fjj 8, 153,635 182, 467 4,702 > 148, 714 146, 589 38, 715 83, 656 19, 649 64, 819 240, 791 1 9, 500 538, 310 342, 275 306, 309 243, 300 225, 739 87, 536 98, 364 102, 351 273, 910 l 282, 000 127, 025 207, 704 384, 627 10, 596 146, 139 5,064 41, 526 133, 286 » 13,000 642, 984 203, 100 20,694 549, 269 CO CO ss 8 A GO tfO 6, 144, 143 117, 978 2, 847 i 54, 700 100, 966 12, 618 73, 546 17, 439 27, 046 145, 190 3,863 431, 638 321, 659 259, 836 137, 669 178, 000 i 54, 800 103,115 85, 778 233, 127 1 240, 000 l 78, 400 156, 761 i 281, 000 i 3, 000 60, 156 5,401 48, 966 115, 194 3,150 573, 089 170, 100 i 8, 530 476, 279 $8 cs 1870-71 1 N r» 90 US 107, 666 46, 600 64,286 2,611 62, 683 12, 700 10, 900 31,377 600 341, 686 295, 071 211, 562 52, 891 129, 866 40, 500 100, 392 56, 435 201, 750 193, 000 50, 694 90, 000 187, 024 1, 100 14, 300 1,800 48, 150 86, 812 880 493, 648 73,000 1,040 432, 452 o o o State - Continental U. S - - - Alabama.. . Arizona . - . Arkansas . California . ... . - . - . - . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware . . . . . - . Florida . . . Georgia . . - . - . . Idaho... . . . - . . . Illinois . . . - Indiana . . . . Iowa . . . . . . . . --- Kansas . . . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . . . . Louisiana.. . . . . Maine . . . . . Maryland . . . . . Massachusetts . . . . Michigan . . . . . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi _ _ _ _ Missouri . . . . . Montana. . . . . . . . . . Nebraska . . . . Nevada.. . . . . . New Hampshire . New Jersey . . . . New Mexico _ _ New York . . . North Carolina _ _ _ _ North Dakota . . . Ohio . . . Oklahoma. . Oregon . . . . . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 11118 Slsil SSI 1 gs'jsf ggwg e th“ ^ 399,493 as too 75, 744 310, 862 1,668,001 99, 825 384, 995 120, 184 536, 717 1,116, 263 123, 846 56, 414 494, 023 274, 565 411, 627 487, 490 47, 234 82, 814 358,079 5,254 5, 518 4,480 87, 697 255, 130 SISii SSSSI IIS a mm mm * rH rH 3 s' 2,899 6, 070 3, 532 68, 510 193,396 3,061 ism sssss s s $ 2,505 2,575 38, 451 145, 250 sans mu ns § |3g8| IIS- 5 ,-7 854, 640 47, 124 201, 295 » 68, 000 338, 566 438, 779 50, 595 47, 020 216, 464 74, 717 151, 254 i 309, 800 i 9, 650 35, 403 i 682, 941 33, 905 147, 799 48,327 323, 548 291, 941 20, 967 45, 887 198, 290 36, 946 121, 700 200, 457 i 4, 700 28, 184 §sl 1 iSISS ill § §S8S§" gsSgs s's- 8 S3§ i ls§ll 111 s gSftfSSf S ! ! 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 Table 19. — Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by State, 1930-46 Average number of days schools were in session Average number Percent of State 1945-46 of days attended by each pupils enrolled attending daily, 1945-46 1929-30 1939-40 Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary pupil enrolled, 1945-46 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States.. 172.7 175.0 176.8 175.6 178.0 150. 6 85.2 150.0 153.5 169.8 168.5 172.5 141. 7 83. 4 175.1 168.9 166.7 165.4 171.9 147. 9 88. 7 Arkansas _ 149.4 158.6 163.2 161.0 168.8 133.9 82.0 178.3 176.6 175.0 175.0 175.0 144.4 82.5 180.0 171.9 177.1 177.1 177. 1 150.4 84.9 183.7 183.1 180.4 180.4 180.4 159.5 88.4 183.0 182.1 183.8 182.5 185.9 158.8 86.4 Florida.. . . . . . 154.4 167.5 176.1 176.1 176.1 158.0 89.7 148.0 162.2 179.7 179.6 180.0 145.8 81. 2 Idaho . . . . . 162.6 174.5 172.6 171.6 175.2 152.4 88.3 188.4 186.4 188.7 161.6 85.6 173.4 170.0 171.0 171.2 170.8 141.6 82.8 175.9 176.6 176.3 176.0 177.2 148.3 84. 1 169.8 172.4 172.6 142.6 82.6 165.0 159.1 164.1 160.3 176. 1 131.1 79.9 151.0 169.0 172.4 180.0 145.9 84.6 179.0 177.7 178.7 178.2 180.4 161.4 90.3 Maryland 186.1 187.6 185.5 185.6 185.4 160.3 86.4 Massachusetts _ _ _ .. 183.3 179.7 176.7 176.1 177.6 153.8 87.1 Michigan . . . . 185.6 183.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 161.8 89.9 Minnesota . . 180.1 172.8 173.1 172.5 174.2 148.0 85.5 Mississippi ... _ _ _ 133.4 145.7 162.6 162.0 166.0 139.6 85.9 Missouri _ _ _ _ 180.5 179.1 181.4 180.1 185. 3 154.5 85.2 Montana . . . . .. 173.5 171.8 174.9 174.7 175.5 148.4 84.8 Nebraska . . . . . . 175.2 176.0 177.2 177.1 177.4 153. 1 86.4 Nevada . . . . 178.9 174.1 178.8 176.5 186. 3 145.5 81.4 New Hampshire _ _ 179.0 176.2 174.1 173.9 174.7 151.6 87.1 New Jersey.. _ .. _ 188.4 185.2 181.3 181.3 181.5 156.6 86.4 New Mexico.. . . . . . 172.2 175.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 138.4 76.9 New York _ _ _ 187.5 184.3 180.8 180.8 180.7 149.2 82.5 North Carolina _ _ _ _ _ 154.3 164.3 179.9 179.9 179.9 159.0 88.4 North Dakota. . . . . _ _ 165.7 172.7 168.5 168.5 168.5 148.9 88.4 Ohio _ _ _ 179.2 180.5 178.0 177.9 178.3 160. 7 90.3 Oklahoma.. . . . . 173.3 175.6 175.0 175.0 175.0 148.5 84.8 Oregon . . . . 182.9 174.3 174.2 174.3 173.9 142.9 82.0 Pennsylvania . . .. 181.2 181.6 183.1 183.0 183.2 161.9 88.4 Rhode Island . . . . . 175.3 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 152.3 84.6 South Carolina _ _ _ 147.0 163. 0 172.1 170.6 177.6 137.9 80.1 South Dakota 178.5 174.9 174.0 173.3 175.9 149.6 86.0 Tennessee- . . . . . 163.2 166.3 164.5 161.7 177.7 138.9 84.4 Texas . . . 146.0 171.9 174.1 173.9 174.5 143.9 82.6 Utah _ 172.5 174.8 174.1 174.2 173.9 156.2 89.7 Vermont . . 172.1 179.2 161.1 155.6 96.6 Virginia . . . . . . 164.1 180.2 180.0 180.0 180.0 155.4 86.4 Washington _ _ _ _ 179.4 178.7 178.4 178.4 178.4 138.6 77.7 West Virginia. . . . 165.7 176.1 175.1 174.9 175.8 157.0 89.7 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ 179.2 180.3 179.0 178.7 179.7 159.9 89.3 Wyoming .. _ 161.3 176.7 174.6 174.4 174.9 135.3 77.5 District of Columbia . . 173.6 178.8 177.4 177.3 177.4 146.8 82.8 Outlying parts of the United States _ _ 190.7 189.5 186.3 188.1 188.1 166.0 89.1 Alaska _ . . . . 176.2 186.4 180.0 180.0 180.0 140.5 78.0 American Samoa . . . . 142.0 Canal Zone _ _ 207.6 204.2 194.0 194.8 192.2 169.5 87.4 Guam 203.0 189.0 Hawaii _ _ 169.0 180.0 179.0 179.0 179.0 163.6 91.4 Puerto Rico _ 191.2 192.0 188.0 188.0 188.0 167.0 88.8 Virgin Islands ... . 190.0 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 Table 20. — Number of public schools and transportation data, by State, 1945-46 State Number of schools 1-teacher schools Transportation Total Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 Num¬ ber of schools (in¬ cluded with elemen¬ tary) Percent of teachers in 1-room schools Num¬ ber of pupils trans¬ ported at public expense Num¬ ber of vehicles oper¬ ated at public expense Expendi¬ ture of public funds for transpor¬ tation, excluding capital outlay Aver¬ age cost per pupil trans¬ ported 1 2 3 4 5 . 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States... 184, 541 160, 227 24, 314 86, 563 10.4 5, 056, 966 89,299 $129, 756, 375 $25. 66 Alabama.. - 3,934 3, 272 662 1,125 5.7 233, 710 3,151 3. 432, 922 - 14.69 Arizona.. . . . . 551 466 85 94 2.4 29, 371 3 539 571,078 19.44 Arkansas. . . 4,182 3, 596 586 1,998 16.3 130, 393 2,202 2,069,175 15. 87 California _ _ 4, 184 3, 491 693 913 2.2 215, 894 2, 465 4, 981, 825 23.08 Colorado. _ 2,237 3 1, 955 282 1,048 12.6 37,368 1, 144 1, 112, 018 29.76 Connecticut . . . 897 772 125 133 1.4 46,701 1,019 1, 523, 548 32.62 Delaware. _ ... .. 212 162 50 55 3.4 10, 262 225 324, 363 31.61 Florida. . . . .. .. 2, 164 1,689 475 521 3,8 112, 780 1,434 2, 220, 136 19. 69 Georgia _ _ 4, 839 4, 046 793 1, 972 8.7 189, 083 3, 026 3, 452, 164 18.26 Idaho. _ _ _ 1, 099 929 170 309 7.9 29,448 655 1, 009, 501 34.28 Illinois.. _ _ _ 10, 085 9, 144 941 7,625 18.0 64,057 3,000 3, 327, 623 51.95 Indiana _ 3,436 2. 591 845 616 2.9 229, 855 5,679 7, 338, 521 31.93 Iowa... . . 9,113 8, 149 964 6,768 33.5 100, 877 2,874 3, 201, 947 31.74 Kansas. _ 5, 942 5,248 694 4, 432 30.3 23, 407 3 1, 274 1, 736, 654 74. 19 Kentucky _ _ _ 6,170 5,585 585 3,573 20.9 155, 189 1,725 2, 455, 854 15. 82 Louisiana. . . 2, 952 2,457 495 922 6.7 157, 310 2,645 3. 515, 228 22.35 Maine... . . . . . 1,803 1, 574 229 815 13.7 40, 338 1,257 1, 270, 587 31.50 Maryland _ _ 1,122 915 207 186 2.1 82, 386 1,129 1, 933, 013 23.46 Massachusetts _ 2,199 1,771 428 176 .8 71, 593 3 1,100 2, 199, 451 30.72 Michigan _ _ 8,694 4 8, 000 694 3, 374 10.4 115, 464 1,944 4, 227, 252 36.61 Minnesota. . . 6,590 6,057 533 4,853 25.7 90,000 2,548 4, 514, 411 50. 16 Mississippi.. . . 5, 267 4,658 609 2,121 14.4 186, 933 3,800 3, 326, 915 17.80 Missouri _ 7,486 6, 675 811 5,482 23.8 110, 580 3 2, 322 4, 160, 366 37. 62 Montana _ 1,658 1,467 191 987 20.9 29,226 1,072 1, 533, 856 52.48 Nebraska _ _ _ 6,253 5,670 583 4, 828 39.8 5,000 299 673, 928 Nevada. . . . 239 201 38 86 8.8 3,431 2 80 134,643 39.24 New Hampshire . 1,692 1,584 108 206 6.8 15, 613 17 696, 791 44.63 New Jersey . . 1. 831 1,553 278 95 .4 97, 432 1,630 3, 020, 525 31.00 New Mexico _ _ 827 694 133 263 6.9 28, 897 967 1, 467, 189 50. 77 New York _ _ ... 7,701 6, 671 1, 030 2,009 2.7 208,900 5, 160 8, 476, 379 40.58 North Carolina . . 4, 378 3, 418 960 811 3.3 308, 191 4,897 3, 688, 810 11.97 North Dakota _ _ 3, 599 3, 173 426 2,933 44.9 17, 172 3 1, 386 838, 916 48. 85 Ohio... _ _ _ 4,746 3, 502 1,244 571 1.4 283, 001 5, 686 7, 792, 371 27.53 Oklahoma . . . 4, 432 3, 566 866 1,948 12.4 120,400 2,911 3, 185, 606 26.46 Oregon. . . . 1,570 1, 302 268 549 7.3 37,825 915 1, 686, 896 44.60 Pennsylvania.. _ 9,218 8, 025 1, 193 3, 621 6.7 234,746 4, 197 7, 321, 550 31.19 Rhode Island _ 384 2 322 62 30 .8 9,254 2 132 303,960 32.85 South Carolina _ 3, 928 3, 496 432 1,082 7.1 81, 851 1, 716 1, 933, 807 23.63 South Dakota _ 3,706 3, 409 297 3, 402 50.1 10,184 * 359 483, 459 47. 47 Tennessee _ 5. 413 4, 907 506 2,318 11.8 163, 312 1,858 2, 458, 747 15.06 Texas _ _ 8, 841 2 7, 175 1,666 1,825 4.2 374, 878 5,572 7,333,550 19. 56 Utah _ _ _ _ _ 510 369 141 32 .7 35,268 436 678, 206 19.23 Vermont _ _ 1,033 945 88 650 8.0 8,042 668 397, 937 49. 48 Virginia. . . . 3,746 3,230 516 1,379 28.3 199, 681 2, 391 3, 203, 431 16.04 Washington _ _ _ 1,481 1,158 323 159 1.3 114, 427 1, 871 2, 961, 294 25.88 West Virginia . 4,601 4,229 372 2,658 17.6 141, 395 1, 212 2, 299, 925 16.27 Wisconsin _ _ 6, 725 6, 221 504 4, 627 23.4 52, 050 2 1, 748 2, 557, 307 49. 13 Wyoming _ _ _ 744 646 98 382 16.3 13, 661 659 706, 969 51.75 District of Columbia. . 127 92 35 1 .03 130 9 15, 771 121.32 Outlying parts of the United States _ 2, 355 1,975 381 1,087 8.7 Alaska _ _ 90 66 24 35 10. 5 934 j 31 Canal Zone _ 25 17 8 1 .3 Hawaii. . _ 202 160 42 11 . 4 95, 559 Puerto Rico. . . 2,039 1, 732, 307 1,040 12.3 132j 12 15, 269 11. 57 1 Per lists in Office of Education. » Statistics, 1943-44. * Statistics, 1939-40. * Estimated. * Statistics, 1937-38. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 21. — Balance on hand from school year 1944-45 and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands, by State, 1945-46 State Continental United States. $580,237,390 Arizona. . . Arkansas.. California . Colorado.. Connecticut. Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho _ Illinois _ Indiana. .. Iowa . Kansas _ Kentucky. Louisiana _ Maine . . Maryland _ Massachusetts. Michigan . Minnesota.. Mississippi. Missouri _ Montana... Nebraska... Nevada _ New Hampshire- New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York . North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio . Oklahoma _ Oregon... . Pennsylvania... Rhode Island... South Carolina- South Dakota. . Tennessee _ Texas. . Utah . Vermont.... Virginia _ Washington. West Virginia. Wisconsin . Wyoming . District of Columbia.. Balance on hand from school year 1944-45 $33,491,404 3, 327, 181 1, 012, 527 2, 747,301 74, 288, 499 11, 547, 181 2, 072, 039 10, 076, 229 2,780,708 3, 031, 637 63,431,108 31, 667, 474 22, 939, 074 10, 566, 928 3, 227, 150 6, 493, 481 517, 427 3,595,401 26, 899, 151 13, 653, 169 34, 855, 783 7, 086, 234 8, 205, 818 1,170,906 653, 004 16,878,308 4, 400, 399 37, 690, 224 7,023,726 9, 545, 424 26, 704, 422 4, 125,822 5, 729, 524 ,517,091 , 981, 592 , 161, 853 ,305,547 ,073,811 , 720, 121 , 248, 232 5, 254, 792 14, 603,364 4, 186,477 22, 662, 896 1,724,647 2, 843, 708 Receipts from- Perma- nent funds $3,834,808 213, 525 145, 261 50, 594 524, 165 740, 988 113, 759 83, 748 471, 388 359, 123 203, 856 139, 924 355, 493 138,937 119, 427 68, 627 167,050 408, 517 3,650,826 62, 191 1,389,977 1,415, 406 982, 719 72, 894 35,989 355,968 2, 356, 509 459, 897 27,700 512, 813 213, 124 1, 810, 093 269, 421 164,055 32, 243 150, 750 2,875,117 210, 155 52, 749 1, 054, 690 133, 048 Receipts from permanent funds and leases of school lands Leases of school lands 1,088 277, 221 8,066 719, 151 537, 602 807, 635 70, 000 207, 020 1, 207, 025 State $23,804,694 214, 613 422, 482 50, 594 532,231 740, 988 83, 748 471,388 57, 000 203, 856 139,924 355, 493 138, 937 119, 427 68,627 167,050 408, 517 3,650, 826 62, 191 191,252 1, 415, 406 982, 719 72, 894 350,886 2, 356, 509 459, 897 27, 700 1, 050, 415 213, 124 1,810, 093 269, 421 164, 055 13, 639 150, 750 2, 354, 667 280, 155 52, 749 1, 261, 710 133, 048 1, 207, 025 County $2,171,346 719, 151 926, 663 5, 082 520, 450 Local $1,550,172 113, 759 302, 123 272, 062 35, 989 18, 604 807, 635 Total Amount $27,326,212 214, 613 422, 482 50, 594 532,231 740,988 113,759 83, 748 471,388 359, 123 203, 856 139, 924 355, 493 138,937 838, 578 68, 627 167,050 408, 517 3,650, 826 62, 191 1,389, 977 1, 415, 406 982, 719 72, 894 35, 989 355, 968 2,356,509 459, 897 27, 700 1,050,415 213, 124 1,810,093 269, 421 164, 055 32, 243 1,706,323 150, 750 2, 875, 117 280, 155 52, 749 1,261,710 133,048 1,207,025 Per pupil en¬ rolled 1.17 .34 3. 91 .13 .37 3.60 .45 2. 01 4.35 .32 .32 .30 1.05 .26 1.92 .47 .28 .43 7.89 .12 2.22 14. 79 4.27 2. 95 .54 .58 18.33 .24 .03 9.17 .19 3. 92 1.20 .11 .34 14. 99 .25 2.31 1.98 1.00 3.28 .27 22. 35 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 Table 22. — Income from appropriation and taxation, by State, 1945-46 State Total State i County * Local 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States . . . $2,918,952,508 $1, 037,039, 529 $173, 735,484 $1, 708,177,495 Alabama _ _ _ 38, 133, 660 27, 042, 597 6, 272,374 4, 818, 689 Arizona _ _ - 13, 709, 490 6,323,015 511,118 6, 875,357 Arkansas _ _ 22, 823, 820 13, 400, 364 640, 692 8, 782, 764 California 1 * 3 _ _ _ 223,804,370 96, 624, 461 1,072,070 126, 107, 839 Colorado _ _ _ _ 26, 530, 776 1, 746, 109 3, 779, 476 21,005, 191 Connecticut . . . . . . 38,' 204, 129 5,792,486 0 32, 411,643 Delaware. . . . . 5, 565, 938 4, 955, 056 0 610, 882 Florida _ _ 40, 220, 224 19, 029, 143 11, 046, 715 10, 144, 366 Georgia . . . . . . 35, 400, 401 20, 632, 567 7,308, 164 7, 459, 670 Idaho.. . . . . . 11, 606, 849 1, 761, 567 2, 243, 138 7, 602, 144 Illinois . . . . 174, 529, 093 27, 659,351 231,011 146,638,731 Indiana _ _ 83, 481, 468 32,312, 870 471,090 50, 697, 508 Iowa. . . . . . . 56, 518, 633 2, 071, 903 346, 811 54, 099, 919 Kansas . . . . . . 39, 554, 074 2, 185, 934 2, 856, 363 34, 511, 777 Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ 35,076,397 17, 055, 213 8, 555, 906 9, 465, 278 Louisiana . . . _ 38,984,211 24, 636, 069 12, 152, 998 2, 195, 144 Maine . . . . . . 15, 879, 611 4. 164, 960 0 11,714, 651 Maryland . . . . . . 36,314,805 10, 986, 348 12, 169, 224 13,159,233 Massachusetts . . . 90, 193, 631 11, 521, 192 0 78, 672,439 Michigan _ _ _ _ _ 132, 722, 987 65, 275, 733 796, 969 66, 650, 285 Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. 58, 403, 666 18,424,743 372, 178 39,606,745 Mississippi . . . . . . 21, 063, 967 10, 172, 548 3, 496, 928 7,394,491 Missouri _ 72, 549,004 30, 426, 729 403, 356 41,718,919 Montana . . . . 15, 433, 425 1, 883, 982 7, 130, 990 6, 418, 453 Nebraska . . . . . 24, 225, 344 280, 572 477, 349 23, 467,423 Nevada . . . 2,905,730 576, 820 1, 535, 139 793,771 New Hampshire . . . . . . 8,273,352 598, 013 0 7, 675, 339 New Jersey . . . . 128, 029, 013 19, 922,975 15, 588, 722 92, 517, 316 New Mexico... _ _ 11, 724,316 9, 967, 874 756, 442 1,000,000 New York _ _ _ _ 370, 782, 641 126, 8G1, 006 243, 921, 635 North Carolina _ _ 60,911,959 47,437, 657 9, 733, 253 3, 741, 049 North Dakota . . . . 13, 461, 172 2, 148, 427 996,810 10,315,935 Ohio _ _ _ _ _ 157,652,987 60, 807, 181 0 96, 845, 806 Oklahoma . . . . 39, 699, 660 21, 114, 110 1, 089, 186 17, 496, 364 Oregon . . . . 30,699,343 10,244,236 3, 693, 406 16, 761, 701 Pennsylvania _ _ 213,947, 759 66, 423, 357 0 147, 524, 402 Rhode Island _ _ 12, 567, 141 1, 102, 536 0 11, 464, 605 South Carolina . . . 29, 178, 043 17, 151,410 2, 708, 839 9,317,794 South Dakota . . 14, 576, 583 580, 363 272, 256 13, 723, 964 Tennessee . . 38, 592, 015 14, 297,211 18, 056, 835 6,237,969 Texas 4 . . . . 183, 615, 090 75,004, 879 76,200 108, 534, 011 Utah . . . . . . 17, 071, 230 8, 023, 546 9, 047, 684 Vermont . . . . . 6,023, 745 1,421,717 0 4, 602, 028 Virginia _ _ 44, 251, 114 19, 706, 771 14, 659,965 9, 884, 378 Washington... _ _ _ 57, 613,077 37,852,371 1, 576, 219 18, 184, 487 West Virginia... _ _ _ _ 39,066,697 23,354, 617 15, 712,080 0 Wisconsin . . . . 65, 578, 075 14, 099, 600 3,906,110 47, 572, 365 Wyoming. . . . . 5, 186, 133 639,780 1, 039, 102 3, 507, 251 District of Columbia . . . 16, 615, 660 1,337,560 0 15, 278, 100 Outlying parts of the United States . 22,376, 703 20,801, 797 1,574,906 Alaska . . . 1,408, 266 1,053, 534 0 354, 732 Hawaii . . . 10, 709, 338 10, 709, 338 Puerto Rico . 10, 259, 099 9,038, 925 1,220, 174 1 Includes receipts for State office, cost of free textbooks when furnished by State, and the amount paid by the State towards teacher retirement. * Includes county appropriation for county superintendent’s office. 3 Excluding junior college income. 4 Statistics, 1944-45. Table 23. — Income from miscellaneous revenue sources and total revenue receipts, by State, 1945-46 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 793, 771 7, 771, 327 92, 930, 668 1,000, 000 246, 628, 061 6,141,938 10, 777,614 100, 609, 669 17, 496, 364 20, 617, 777 154,136,832 11,084,000 9,317, 794 14, 624, 943 6,369,982 108,534,011 10,190, 489 4, 602, 028 9,884,378 24, 767, 207 53, 932, 032 3, 717, 207 16, 298, 822 § i — i :i i ii i 1, 535, 139 0 15, 622,562 756, 442 0 12,117,038 996, 810 5, 771 1,089, 186 3,693,406 =iii i m i o »o I^INOOCS *1*00 y-4 h*T * 03 to 00 to • CO CO CO rH iH to to 03 N rH 1-TcO IHCD03 ) 00 CO 03 8°£°8 S232gg ■ N O 03 CO Irt^OO- CO O CO CO CQ ‘1 to CO I to So < CO CO c CO to 03 ( 03 03 ' ^ oo < >O3i-i00pH ) ^ CO to 03 I t"» Xf C* Tj< rco co t^c^T Oi 00 CO 03 TJH to CO CO NOOcOtN I CO CO 03 ICDOH PcTcst^ ;3 too CO M c © w ril o o x'0 o, NWCO( ?5 00 to 5 o o to c o^coc 03 00 CO »o 00 OWN > CO CO rH ^ 00 CO I to tON to O O t'- I 03 ©to © co' r-T co ! c> oT <>f 03 03 CO CO to Tf CO 00 03 OOt^^t^ So s « s s § © H*i CO t>- rH rH o p £2 r-T CO to 03 to oo o to O00H^03 Tf t-H C*Q t'- CO © 00 c CO to no" o' 03 Tt< T* O oococo h* f-T csT ■ hjT ccT to © r-T 03 to to co oo o co co ONOOIO N 03 O Cl Cl to'to'-^'c DC* oT to'to'to'io > O CO 00 co i co co co > c* ^ r>- rH ^ CO t'- t'- 03 00 COO of 03" CO 03 (M CO (M 03 00 00 to S§g£2 Si^gfgfe 1-H OOCOC O 00 to t o* r^oo 03 r to CO - i CO 1-H 03 (M 03 to CO 03 rH* oToTtOrH*' oo co to Tf« rH CO CO to cfr-T ;2§8§ f£ss I O CO 1-H 8 S 8 8 CO 03 rH 82S5 CONOCO 1-H NOCO^H rH O CO CO ^ 00 rH CO co CO tOlCcOO Tt^ 03 O CO 03 ^hhNN OtOCIOtO O00 03C0t>- oo csf to t»t oo N^HCOO 00 to O CO CO CO 00 CO rH 3 _ .. - CO CO to rH I GO > 00 to . J to rH HHN CO CO 1- CO CO < '03 03 ‘ "corn £ o ^ .£5 c-2 o® u : « cs.2 >3 .A cn O o So nil -l-i&ij I a8§|s Slog’S .2^fe:§§ g’3 3S.2 S.S.So’S Sosos aaswM 3s2ss ssssl 63 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS | i 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 25. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts, by State, 1945-46 State From — From taxation and appropriation From miscellaneous receipts Federal Govern¬ ment Perma¬ nent funds and leases of school lands Educa¬ tional founda¬ tions State Coun¬ ty Local State Coun¬ ty Local 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States.. _ _ 1.8 1.0 (9 33.9 5.7 55.8 (9 0.3 2.0 Alabama . . . . . . 3.7 .5 (9 66.9 15.5 11.9 0.1 .8 .6 1.0 2.9 43.5 3.5 47.2 1.9 3. 1 . 2 (9 56.7 2.7 37.2 . 1 1.8 .2 42. 1 .5 55.0 (9 .4 Colorado . . . .5 2.7 6.4 13.8 76.6 (9 .5 .3 14.7 0 82.4 0 2. 1 1.7 1.4 85.6 0 10.5 .2 0 .6 1.9 (9 43.3 25.2 23.1 . 1 5.9 .5 6.3 0. 1 50.9 18.0 18.4 3. 1 3.2 .7 3.5 13. 1 16.7 56.5 '. 5 .5 .2 (9 15.2 . 1 80.8 3. 2 .6 .2 38.1 .6 59.8 (9 .7 .7 .2 3.6 . 6 93.8 (i) 1. 1 .6 .8 5. 2 6.7 81.3 .1 5.3 4 0 .4 .1 45.7 22.9 25. 4 .7 .8 Louisiana _ 5.9 2.0 (9 58.0 28.6 5.2 .3 .0 Maine _ - _ 1. 1 .4 24.6 0 .4 0 4.2 Maryland _ _ 1. 1 (9 29.5 32. 7 35! 4 .3 .7 .3 M assachusetts _ _ _ .4 .2 12.7 0 86.7 0 Michigan _ 1.9 .3 46.5 .6 47.5 3.2 Minnesota _ .8 5.5 (9 27.9 .6 60.0 .7 4. 5 Mississippi _ _ 2.9 .3 . i 46.7 16. 1 33.9 (9 Missouri _ _ .7 1.7 (9 38. 1 .5 52.2 (9 6.8 Montana _ _ .9 8.3 (9 11. 1 41.9 37.7 . 1 Nebraska _ _ _ .8 3.7 1. 1 1.8 88.0 .2 4. 4 Nevada _ 3.6 2.4 18.7 49.6 25.7 (9 New Hampshire.. . . .8 .4 7. 1 0 91.0 0 .7 New Jersey _ _ .7 .3 .1 15.3 12.0 71.3 (9 (9 .3 New Mexico . _ _ _ _ .9 16. 6 70. 2 5.3 7.0 New York _ .4 .1 33.8 0 65. 1 .2 0 . 4 North Carolina . . . . 5.5 (9 (9 69.3 14.2 5.5 3.5 2.0 North Dakota . . .6 7.0 14.3 6.6 68.4 3. 1 Ohio 1. 2 . 1 37.2 59.2 (9 2.3 Oklahoma . . . 2. 5 4.2 (9 49.6 2.6 41. 1 Oregon.. _ _ _ _ _ .6 .8 (9 29.3 10.6 48.0 (9 10.7 Pennsylvania . . . . .5 . 1 29.9 0 66.5 0 3.0 Rhode Island . . . 1.0 .2 8.5 0 88.7 0 1.6 South Carolina _ _ _ 1.2 (9 58. 1 9.2 31.5 South Dakota _ _ .9 10.3 3.5 1.6 83.0 . 1 . 6 Tennessee 1.3 . 4 (9 36.3 45.8 15.8 . 1 .3 Texas. . . .6 1.5 (9 40.0 (9 57.9 (9 Utah 2.8 1.5 42.2 47.5 (9 6.0 Vermont _ _ _ 1. 2 .9 23. 1 0 74.8 0 Virginia _ _ _ _ _ 1.0 (9 44. 1 32.8 22. 1 Washington.. . . . . . 4.5 1.8 54.8 2.3 26.3 . 1 .7 9.5 West Virginia. . . . . .7 59.3 39.9 . 1 Wisconsin 1. 1 . 2 19.3 5. 4 65.3 (9 8.7 Wyoming _ _ _ _ _ 11.3 16.2 8.6 14.0 47. 1 2.8 District of Columbia . . . . .3 0 0 8.0 0 91.6 0 0 .1 Outlying parts of the United States.. . . 10.9 76.6 5.8 (9 6.6 .1 Alaska _ _ _ 3.3 70. 6 23.8 (9 2.3 Hawaii. . . . . . . .7 85.0 14.3 Puerto Rico - - - 21.6 1 69.1 9.3 1 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 0) o IS) >. “a c D U © 35 fg.’gg Og & ■3 S' cs a ® 3 £h CO 5 O CO c3 fl 00(5 © (-> © us o & i o co e i >* , Tg .a’Sxj gti £a£®2 g. §, O q,1© © ■£ ^ “ 2 a. CM 00 CO CO rH 00 03 © CD WON^Oi 00 CM CO t^CO £-02 ON CO CO )C»N JCO^O? rfCOO^lM O 00 CM 02 CO CMC . _. . rH N -H 1C x 02 CO CO T* O «-OC »ooooo coontj-oo oo 02 02 co r^- ©» 40 CM h co 1C. C3 C C co r- < 40 > CM 02 fH H HCO CM O CM CM 1-H CM * 02 O CM 02 IIONH ^ ’40 0^ 40 I CM CM CO HlCO CM S 00 CO CO CO O 02 < oo ^ co ^ co c co 40 t-H 00 C2 I 40 CO 00 C C 8 rH ©Or CO 02 I'— 00 40 © 02 00 tJ* ^ 40 CO 40 rH CO t'- 00 40 rf< CM CO CM C co co 40 Tf CO 40 00 CO C rH CO CM CO r- rH oo co iHrHNC^OO "r^4ood i-H J HH ( - O CO CO ( *— T*< T?< 00 oc rH 05 DC CC o O CM 83 e3 8 -H-T C00500 T rococo 40 40 02~©CMCM Tf XOCOOO 40 CM 00 ^ CO CM CM 02 40 t'- 40 rH 02 rH oO 40 00 02 rt< 40 1-H 02 CO O OO 02 02 Tf 40 OONCM r-t rH i-H 02 40 00 CO CO O 02 coaTcoor^ 4oc04Ocot>T 02 rH oo oT ^ 02 rH co" to ocooTo CM HT f rH CM CM CM O 40 CO CM CM CM CM CO 00 ^ rH rj< rH g-HliUi 3 u o CN 'C CO CM CO "co"o 3 rr CM o co o CM o CO 02 40 o CO CO CM O CO CM CO > co o I CO rH < CO CM N h iO CO CM N CM X CM h ^ 40 02 1— < C -- Oc 02 CM §h??h £2£2JSi£?5S CM CO rH CM I CO CO CO rH IO 1-H — «* e-o © .a © M g'g O C3.2 V3 -p .2 ^ W , §§3 *.2 § 5saw SSSSz rebraska _ I 2,220,864 ' 310, 905 1 1,268,923 1 45, 443 l 595,5931 20,480,291! 18,768,749' 169,923' 795, 3681 17, 803, 4581 99,094' 419, 6451 529,054' 663,749 1 Less junior college expenditures. Table 26. — Current expenses for general control and instruction, by State, 1945-46 — Continued 66 Instruction Other 2 supplies fej and ^ expense ^ e SUIT FEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 ig§ is n« m g§ii§ gis • sss ;§* sss js ssgsg gssgs sf& j j* j - j Teaching supplies 2 86, 298 166, 909 2, 045, 232 221, 547 3, 805, 155 375, 958 281, 887 2, 553, 214 883, 018 483, 971 3,850, 064 215,957 365, 065 213, 902 768, 490 3, 439, 526 315, 015 5,496 466, 652 1, 258, 378 288, 197 1,415,861 111, 250 287, 676 Free textbooks eo 76,380 115, 027 1,099,654 198, 445 1, 783, 779 434, 711 235, 132 1,799,665 ””484,’ 128 3, 178, 562 129, 976 62, 049 275, 037 120, 143 2,087,589 202, 455 86, 861 114,409 738, 930 159, 469 748, 167 102, 985 116, 490 Salaries of clerical assistants N i it i j' 1 !E 1 iiss S3 i i! il! i is s- iifs M i is is'' h j j-r ~ j : : Is i SI i it 1 1 i § M s ! Instructional staff salaries Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff 2 il? iifi oo, oyj 7, 317, 843 201, 040, 213 37, 845, 990 ‘83, ‘994, ’242 16,834,821 114, 762, 035 7, 731, 522 17,425, 712 10, 250, 791 25, 696, 087 68, 889, 127 8, 576, 249 3,828,310 25, 232, 271 29, 961, 231 21,634,392 38, 080, 275 3, 850, 471 8, 253, 807 Princi¬ pals when sepa¬ rately re¬ ported O i ji ! ! r ■ jc O, <110, OLL 973, 861 8, 644, 781 3, 628, 508 4, 680, 273 1,484,394 5, 193, 620 442, 243 475, 253 123, 264 700, 588 5, 643, 209 1, 068, 600 246, 946 3, 602, 298 2, 910, 476 3, 675, 809 1, 864, 244 266, 829 605, 276 Super¬ visors when sepa¬ rately re¬ ported 05 . je 115 i !§ i i gS iiS §1181 il lit j ii ; j §s pi fs'”W jg 150,704 Total QO 2, 047, 799 4, 753, 601 67, 871, 971 8,452, 200 215, 257, 105 41, 474, 498 9, 587, 763 89, 533, 144 30, 857, 670 18, 319, 215 122, 380, 447 8, 354, 883 17, 900, 965 10, 393, 685 26, 622, 810 74, 936, 654 9, 819, 752 4, 083, 596 29, 584, 791 33, 306, 071 25, 310, 201 40, 472, 035 4,117, 300 9, 009, 787 Total r* 2, 249, 870 5,117,287 72, 931, 281 8, 872, 192 229, 575, 596 42, 404, 724 10, 166, 778 95, 335, 306 32, 404, 329 20, 243, 355 132, 443, 620 8, 911, 194 18, 467, 392 11, 034, 445 27,878, 163 81, 146, 476 10, 636, 939 4, 347, 319 30, 960, 067 35,831, 858 26, 007, 372 43,436,494 4, 398, 707 9, 608, 206 General Control Sup¬ plies, travel, and other ex¬ pense CO II! 3,642,784 387, 001 58, 786 1,204,326 55, 536 42, 362 354, 610 775, 261 698, 876 142, 638 36, 261 360, 936 897, 008 270, 780 I i fe j Salaries and per diem Cleri¬ cal assist¬ ants 2, 070 44, 320 i,U40,itU 3,541,436 535, 573 83, 823 2,634,304 135, 855 438, 454 152, 735 80, 594 1,701,679 142, 174 32, 847 411,913 88, 951 426, 455 5 i 3 i Admin¬ istra¬ tive and profes¬ sional staff ssi 4,422,194 897, 283 299, 828 7,531,538 312, 747 989, 815 458, 062 916, 230 5.262,550 386, 311 ill § =51 $ 1 i i ! Mem¬ bers of boards of edu¬ cation eo 106, 114 49, 240 1,256,152 85, 923 16, 361 39, 130 83, 799 57, 971 430, 040 28, 181 212,847 100, 827 106, 392 27, 683 i I » i Total 183, 909 624, 022 5, 987, 950 759, 623 12,862,566 1, 905, 780 442, 437 6,666, 428 1,810, 233 1,339, 055 11,386, 529 543, 268 1,554,430 965, 407 1, 830, 056 8, 093, 145 699, 304 353, 578 1, 588, 520 2,495,183 1,446, 009 2, 789, 731 699,022 387, 673 State Nevada . . . New Hampshire . New Mexico _ New York.... _ _ North Carolina _ North Dakota . . Ohio . Oklahoma _ _ Oregon . . . . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island... . South Carolina . South Dakota.. . . Tennessee _ Texas . . Utah . . . V UlUlAb _ Virginia.. . . Washington . . West Virginia . . . . Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ District of Columbia . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 © o o o sgss ooo tJ* CO Is* c iC05*^‘ © © ^ 1 «n ^ co g^SS 10*0 00 • IO CO 00 ! 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NXiOWN co^cdcd© 1-H »— < CM iiOO^fN © CM 00 © © SNCCO O CO ^ CO 05 CO O CM CO © © CO odao* co od cd id cm :S5>S£g oo m oo co oo l S8SS3 ^ CS O 00 00 CO ^x^-»rN co ^NNNCO CO *-d cd 05 cd ssgssjs t-H cd cd cd ^ . - . . cd C5 ^ |>- 04 05 t-H 51 CO 00 © lO -T cd od 00 OONO 55 ioino CO © © © cd cm © rC co © © co CO § 2 CO c* ' © CM CM © © CM I CO CO ^ < CM CM • HH © CM © > ?3 8 ^ S2§ -H Vi c5 w 1 ^«oa i k® - _ ' S3 f^8 lUIl > ^ ^ ^ r w - - n X Cl U 3, m s ©® OOO o ojsjc £ O'- 5 3 O S-2«±® 22222 22000 eH«com&< £££ a-el-i ’St a to si-3 > §S 3 o © 3 b A be •II S3 3G0 0 g :| *2 W M J§1§ Table 29. — Expenditures for capital outlay, by State, 1945-46 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 1 is if s sf ;s if s S8 i iii : : i II i §§' I 995 1 SI* ii in 2S| g IsSII II :f § SI § "Sill S* :SI" 81 I g gl ss I IIS a !si as* II -s SIS ssg. 2 asses iisii-sa § mm mm m § SsS 2 I III" sf II 21,544 47, 771 234, 800 S § i i is 1 i iiii is i ~ j j i ill i 132,333 1,514,269 50, 257 28,249 ! ; j i is! il II i i ill i i ; |j| i isg is i's i • i i i ||; : i aa* i m ii S : : S'i i : 111 sa‘1 g ggsss HISS §g§ S SsSSi i'”g"15 SIS i a s s 8 ii * iS ; m S3 s I II iSS si § r aa Is Si ggl ■as § IsSls iiiii Igg I ISIII is8S§' 111 ^ 0 1-1 'S* IM sagas* M Tf 1-H 0.0 ® w £3 2 g * K5O00 CO 00 lO 1-1 « O* 05 •■ — - Tcp c £28 ooco NH NC*M 38$ 5 ag, •ilSj « « © © rH © 00 CM Tt< ,-H C£> © © © lH t>« © ) CO © CO rH CO © < oo © to © oo ©©©aocM* ©cmoo©^ og © © © ^ to ^ co tO^H^IN coooo^w N N tO © *h CM ©CO r^oo ©co rH © © © ih co co »o ^ cm* c5 co © co ©O t^l^© JO CO eg Odoo • rH CM CM r^© © © to CO © CC 00 © CO CO rH o*ZS £ £ oo cm ao © oo co r co co © ^ © to c © © cm t'- ^ ^ ; CM CM 00 ^ 00 CM H c rH © cm © oo r*- ts. r i © © r© © i bfl 3 £ G^J fc--S ®2 ° C H fc.3 9 •2 a” sg^ £ £2 o «•§ o o >o > © © CO rH - © © •— < CM C © CO 83 > oo r^ oo )h O >0 >0*0 !oon® •JMCO 8^ ©CO © oo © »h © CM CM rf *— « © 00 r-T © © © ^ fH © © © CM © rH rH CM CM M® 83 CO co o a> S2 83© ®m5 edof tC 328 3 Mot oq i-i »:o^r 'g C . 9 03 J5? «“2 ;88 f-eooo s © © CM © © © HJ •h co oo r>- oo o © © © © © © CM CO *H © CO © CM i-^© © CM © GO CO 00 tC© ©CO CM t'-CM CN H H S 3 1 ^ ° c3 ■IS. a ?» |>2 Ull |jae S'ET-oo 5 «5 ^=2£o3o oiSiSuSS SSSw HH> £ Table 35. — Status of teacher retirement funds by State/ 1945-46 81 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS O O S ® a a g 2i i- 1 04 O CO CO CO 00 04 05 ^ 05 co oTcToTcd coo^xo CO OO O 04 CO t>^rH CO oT 05 COH b- ^CHN GO ^ 04 04 f-Too“co cxT CO'-'tN CO TT CO 04 t>r io 04 04 rH C TP C> r-l C CO CO *Q c NrHCOCON O 04 h050 Tf< CO i— « CO CO VcTcO 40TTC50CO lO 04 CO 05X0^05 00004 04 iO TT 04 CO & rfef » iO 04 U rr- i -2*n c'o'a c 0 o Pk o g ® o -ill 04 OX CO H ICOOOC3 »0 »0 OO C5 04 04 to ^ C5NCXN cooooit^-r^ oo co 04 ^ co oT i-T O 00 O 05 04 oxoxo OnOTf W ■SS 000X05 co ^ co r- 04 00 05 O 04 iO 04 coaTc^or oco 00 CO 04 >co xx o co t'- "cdodoTof cd*^ JCOONiO C5 o- r- co co oo oo 04 »-4 04 O NO'f'^O O 04 CO CO 05 CO *0 aToo cdoTofcdcd O COrnNiO oi C5 »o 0^050 ^ rt< co 05 C5 co »-H 05 lO oo ^ co »-< ;s ssss§ :ss 5100000 t^t^OO r>- Q y—t 04 C5 O CO rH N 04 lO CO 04 rf 05 CO *0 «— « r—i CO *0 ^ CO 00 UO ^ oo" oT »c cd i 04 — - lO 04 C O 04 GO O C rH 05 io r- oToo ^OOH rH 00^05N »0 O *0 rH o 100^X05 COOhtjiiO CO r— ( CO CO H 004 t O »-H c CO 04 ' HXN 04 S 04 t>- co rH l of rH CO 1C o O ^ 00 CO co co co *o O^OXXh rdof idcdod 00 UO CO 04 04 CO *0 r—i CO oVhhM rH o *o i-4 r- 1— 1 CO co CO 00 o o ^ ^ oVo cToT CO N *0 CD N OX t^coo cd oToToT iOCO *ON 1C ^ 04 CO 04 O ox ^ 00 CXO’t H O 04 O X co oo co 05 co cn r-i ■ o a w ex a> 35 ^ 00 CO c 04 I ■ 1 CO 04 04 r-T c 'C0*00 kON’ OO^ rH NiOiOphX 00 OOOC 05 r^Tcd oTr^cd 05 04 c 04 CO rH ^ 04 04 cd oT cd *d 04 CO »OX*O^C4 jdcdt^odrH 04 E CO 004 2cfcC§t'r ^ 04 00 »0 04 cToT»dcd g « w P’S oS § Co 2 S-P.4S-S O 03 cs 2 • 2 is ^3 'fcjD o 5 93 T- »- (1 ■ — >> .44 w o ■S’5 s s's tj b g a ^ §§§.» C r> S2.CS 03 Q, o.g-'d »K3 C-S2 o 32222 2222Z febraska . . See footnotes at end of table Table 35. — Status of teacher retirement funds by State/ 1945-46 — Continued 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 sS a c o-S W 2 03 * g > HOONWi 00 op CO *o 10^05 05 H T^COCD o . NNrHN< CM CD < CO CD ’ CM CD 00 CD CD CD 00 CD OO CO O 00 00 o CD 05 ^ CD O hW'doN ^ 00 N N ^ 05 ^ CO CM 00 riCODIND ^COHCOO oo *ooo *o i g I o3 -.©.2 ■ m wp r-p O c3 I&3 ?ag§- OOON-^CO CO 00 *o *o CO CO 00 »H rH • O CD *0 i co o o o > CD CM CM rH^OWCD CD CM 00 CM CD *o *o *0 t» CO i£s; 05 CO 05 CO O *C 05 o CO H *0 CM CM O ^ *0 CM rH CO O h co CO 00 t'- CM CO o s ® W o 2£3g§S CO ^ 00 CO CM 05 05 05 *C 00 O *0 CM OOOC H o CD *0 00 *0 N ^ «D o OlHCQ CM05*COC0 CD 05 05 CO CM HtfN *C CO CM~ of CD" CD" rH CM CO 00 CO »H CD *C CO CO NOCOOh CM 05 CM CM CD CO CO rH CO lO^NOt 'H HH rH CM CM CO 05 COH *o o *o *o oT o' oT ^ CO CM > OCD O O ■ CO *-H 05 H « 00 CD CO 00 05 CM O *C •^CDODN CO 00 O CM ^ CO O 1-1 00 ^ 05 CM CO *0 3 >o a $ a- ■g.8 ci <3 OQ ««««« o o^3^xj £; £2000 05-3 a ® •a s . . . 9, 090, 532 9, 585, 417 10,275,347 Negro children 5-17 years of age, in- elusive . 2, 899, 246 2, 902, 657 2, 827, 565 Enrollment of pupils: Elementary grades: Boys . . 992,401 1,039,227 1,072, 281 1,042,309 1,004,789 995,810 Girls . . . 1,077,973 1, 130, 765 1, 101, 981 1, 070, 979 1,024, 579 998,247 Total . 2,070,374 2, 169, 992 2, 174, 262 2, 113, 288 2,029,368 1,994,057 High-school grades: Boys . 12, 392 40, 533 102,678 107, 183 84, 886 100,366 Girls.... . 20, 949 72,053 151,902 166,000 162, 488 171, 797 Total . . 33,341 112, 586 254, 580 273, 183 247,374 272, 163 Total enrolled in elementary and high-school grades: Boys . . . . 1, 004, 793 1,079,760 1,174,959 1, 149, 492 1, 089, 675 1,096, 176 Girls . . 1, 098, 922 1, 202, 818 1,253,883 1,236,979 1, 187, 067 1, 170, 044 Total . 2,103,715 2, 282, 578 2, 428, 842 2,386,471 2,276,742 2, 266, 220 Average daily attendance . . 1, 416, 206 1, 645, 518 1,953, 401 1,947,268 1,852,950 1,853,040 Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled . . 168, 414, 206 217, 754,344 305,344,350 305, 372, 789 303, 802, 159 315, 256,045 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled during the year . . 80 97 126 128 133 139 Average length of school term in days . . . 119 132 156 157 164 170 Percent of enrolled pupils in daily attendance . . . — 67.3 72.1 80.4 81.6 81.4 81.8 Percent of pupils in secondary grades . . . 1.6 4.9 10.5 11.4 10.9 12.0 Percent of school population en¬ rolled 72.6 78.6 85.6 Instructional staff: Elementary schools: Supervisors. . . (2) (2) 198 188 264 285 Principals . (2) (2) 365 501 516 1,099 Men teachers . 6,398 6,246 7,883 7,548 4,489 3,547 Women teachers. . 31,227 39,801 46, 098 47,323 49, 954 48, 150 High schools: Supervisors . . (2) (2) 34 55 34 77 Principals... . . (2) (2) 599 699 789 959 Men teachers . 457 2,395 4, 575 4,492 3, 658 4, 582 Women teachers . 478 2,836 4, 724 5,366 6,849 8,737 Total number of instruction¬ al staff . . . . 38, 560 51, 278 64, 476 66, 172 66,553 67,436 Average salary per member of in¬ structional staff (for States re¬ porting) . . . $601 $680 $895 $1, 134 High-school graduates: Boys . . . 11,014 12, 452 8,338 10, 275 Girls . . . 18,995 21,332 22,842 22,457 Total . . 30. 009 33.784 31. 180 32. 732 » U. S. Bureau of the Census. J Included with teachers. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1044-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 Table 38. — Percent of men teachers in Negro public schools in 1 7 States and the District of Columbia, at different dates 1919- 192ft- 1931- 1933- 1935- 1937- 1939- 1941- 1943- 1945- OIUIO 20 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 17 States and the DIs- trict of Columbia... 17.8 16.4 17.2 18.7 19.4 18.9 19.7 18.6 12.5 12.5 Alabama - - 20.7 13.2 13.7 15.2 15.9 15.7 16.9 16.1 10.5 10.2 Arkansas. . . . 27.8 25.1 26.0 24.5 22.3 24.7 24.4 22.6 16.4 15.2 Delaware - - 10.0 14.8 15.8 17.4 19.5 19.3 20.4 21.4 17.8 20.9 Florida. . . 17.0 12.2 13.8 17.3 18.0 18.4 17.3 16.8 9.2 10.3 Goegia . . . . 9.2 10.2 10.9 12.2 12.2 14.0 14.9 13.0 9.0 8.9 Kentucky _ 20.3 20.2 22.9 18.9 21.0 28.8 20.5 14.3 16.3 Louisiana. . . . . . 19.3 14.3 15.8 16.9 17.1 18.2 19.3 17.9 10.7 9.4 Maryland... . 16.2 17.3 16.8 18.8 18.9 18.1 19.1 19.7 15.4 15.3 Mississippi . . . 3.0 18.4 19.7 21.4 21.4 19 4 20.8 19.8 11.3 11.4 Missouri . . 24.3 23.3 33.4 24.7 29.0 25.2 26.8 24.3 19.1 21.1 North Carolina... . . . 17.8 15.7 16.6 18.3 18.6 18.9 17.6 17.2 12.1 12.5 Oklahoma . . 31.0 23.7 23.4 27.8 27.8 28.0 28.0 28.0 15.6 16.3 South Carolina _ _ _ 20.3 16.6 16.7 17.4 17.4 17.3 18.2 17.0 11.4 11.3 Tennessee . . . . 22.1 20.4 20.9 22.6 23.8 24.1 23.5 23.5 16.5 17.4 Texas _ _ _ _ 31.7 20.2 20.4 20.1 23.7 21.1 21.6 22.0 14.2 14.8 Virginia . . 12.2 12.1 12.9 16.0 16.7 15.6 17.7 15.1 13.8 9.5 West Virginia . . . . 20.9 17.6 19.8 23.8 26.9 27.0 29.3 29.1 24.7 25.0 District of Columbia . 20.3 16.5 14.4 18.3 18.6 16.6 17.5 17.7 15.4 16.9 Table 39. — Enrollment of Negro pupils, by grade, in public day schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, for specified years 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 * Estimated from other years. 8 The class in the first grade in 1934-35. Table 40. — Enrollment of Negro pupils, by grade, in 1 7 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 Enrollment Secondary pupils Post¬ grad¬ uate 00 w 01 26 IZ Fourth year CO 00 e* is sis Elisa imp m § eo*-T cf co ofi-Tr-T,-! of eocs^r cc -h" --T Third year © © its Sills 11=11 liSSs Is S — ‘ of »o -h eo of of r-T ecf of to in ,-T *-T Second year to CO oo CO 7, 107 2, 215 366 3, 878 7, 370 1,673 4,416 2, 799 3, 868 2, 570 8, 918 1,753 6, 843 3,748 8, 822 6, 455 1,581 2,404 First year 101,855 SISIS sslls IsiSs SS 1 OS CO 10 0 Ol rH.oflOcO NNCOH O-H of Total « * w SSlsi I8S8S SSSIS IS § s‘*ass a*0- ^ Kindergarten and elementary pupils Eighth grade N 103, 441 12,404 6,024 564 6, 626 3, 573 2, 884 7, 582 2, 604 12,054 3,079 16,318 2,933 6, 857 12, 679 1,229 2,045 2,986 Seventh grade 3 165,818 15,715 7,071 639 7, 774 17,898 3,051 10, 778 4,740 15, 356 3, 817 18,987 3,246 15, 284 8, 428 15, 475 11,792 2.266 3,501 11 o CO eo 2 20, 183 8,190 651 8,798 20, 861 3, 435 13,354 5,377 19, 914 4,317 22, 433 3,159 17,656 9, 132 17,191 13, 266 2,083 3,116 Fifth grade - 8 o? 1 ISrII §1111 SISsS 81 1 ga os ® 'eo jacoco-a? otogo® ^cf co Fourth grade 1 oo 1 e* ' s QO 24,881 10,502 730 11,054 28, 409 3,574 18,954 6, 775 29,350 5, 086 28, 964 3,532 23,089 11,170 19,875 16,312 2, 351 3,685 Third grade CO eo N CO o* 26,373 10, 794 804 11,512 30, 404 3,838 20, 735 6, 988 31,053 5,086 29, 778 3, 420 24, 977 11,663 20,888 16, 718 2, 390 3,815 Second grade © w sssss sssss sn s co co oc CD co t-- Tf- CO CO CO ICIOIO^OO OC CO S3 2 S§ "8off3,,f 8”S“sa ^ First grade its 510, 915 60, 190 24, 432 996 19,110 71,267 6,059 42, 668 10,819 79, 640 7,313 48,162 6,417 47, 954 19.126 38, 654 29, 562 3,455 5,091 Kinder¬ garten e* w its o iikO'i-H i i H 1 i l N O ' ' T}4 i tO irfO 1 © i C0 I • *0 »— 1 < i ICO ' i-H 1 C5 l ^ i H CO .ii i r* 1 CT ' II 3,054 Total e* o o> 200,717 87, 570 5,987 87, 543 232,090 30,129 153, 474 53, 970 244, 712 41, 933 221,350 30, 159 175,656 87, 846 165, 964 122, 796 19,236 32, 925 Grand I e* © N w © O? N 225, 604 95, 700 7, 283 101,817 259, 111 36, 205 165, 706 63, 160 258, 800 50, 887 251,307 36, 695 201,020 102,068 197, 554 147,699 24, 857 40, 747 State - 17 States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia.. Alabama... . . . Arkansas - - - -- Delaware . . Florida . . . Georgia... . - Kentucky _ _ _ _ Louisiana . . . . Maryland _ Mississippi _ Missouri... . . North Carolina.. . Oklahoma. . . South Carolina . . . Texas - - Virginia . . W p.st Virginia _ District of Columbia . . 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 1 Only 8 States have given complete reports. Tabic 42— School attendance and length of school term in 17 States and the District of Columbia, for years noted STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 C3flH CC C5 H o M cd©cdoo© oi cd ** ^ 00 CO 00 00 £>* 00 00 c NCDNWO ^ © PiSIhS" fe e-o § ® a q °'S'D ^co^coco »oooin^ oo i-« oo* t-h‘ cd cd © ol ^ cd »-« 04* y-i oo © c4 ^ cd »-h *h WWidOCO ^ CO lO (N lO ©r*i>, U c s 5 M “ co •*)• — ohmoo oicciTfio ooo oocoNwr* rj-c-ir^cocn occsioooco o r~ as ao co i-< cm ■ co *o o' co Ndcon • CO CO CO © -H ofco © Tj« © CO CO^ «-i 04 * — ©»-« — oo io ^ .— © co 00 00 © 00 s®" 04 © © CO » CO 04 CO © : 04 04 © CO cn-hnc © © © 04 00 © © iO 00 CO CO 04 — CN CO © 00 of 04 © © iO CO co — « © © © IS s © 04 04 © i04C»CrH 00 00 re *— © io —* iVCOiOiO TT ^ iO I © iO © ^* © © I 04 »— < 04 Ol a *0 ■Sl-glbS M tuc on U> © © © © rf- r- , OO^COI^O ©©00' 04 co O ^ © © r- c ^ .-T f-T of ^ oo" ©" 04" » I t*« © — • 00 04 ^ : © CO © 04 00 > «— I © CO © 00 © r*>r ©©“©cd© I 04 04 r— i 04 © *-■ © © co — oc co © oo ©©TP00C4 © © © ^ © 04 © 04 © 00© © co © © »— • 04 © tt © 04 r- co © © CO 04 04 ©©© — ^h 0504 04 04 ^ S S3 0§ of C? CO ©in © CO 04 < © ci co : 04 © © CO < l-f ©" ©" ©" < ) © © -h © CO r©" ©" ©" co" of cf > © 04 CO © *— I ^ r-H r-» 04 1 — ■ O r-« t>- © © © * h ~4 ^ ^ rC 1-4 CO © 00 © 5 c 13 © rt,S rt w r. gm >> ST3 _ ■ $ § sfg 2 M >,.2 o Sl3|| o3|SS ^ ISOmbb ft a 35 a <3.2 S g ^2 sc ■“ ‘1-i 5=5 O a 2 is « ^|0“ 2 <« Distribution estimated. 90 o .15 E 2 o u "o u “C t5 5 -c *- -U c D M ft) 5 "D c D ft) u §5 IT ft) m r o o BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 a= D C ft) O ha 00 ft) z “U c D £ I fo ^ft) _D O Current ex¬ pense, cost per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance Negro a $57. 57 37. 59 34.93 125. 12 61.75 31. 14 98.35 43.81 110. 66 14.74 133.35 70. 36 118. 32 39.64 55.74 91.22 77.20 111. 47 149. 42 White CO $104.66 85. 46 74.11 158. 04 134. 76 82. 57 90. 05 136. 12 130. 40 75. 19 137. 68 86. 05 111.30 100. 38 80. 30 123. 14 95. 68 100.63 190. 36 Average annual salary per unit of instructional staff Negro r- CD 884 711 1, 976 1, 278 651 1,367 948 2,127 427 1,853 1,587 1,688 834 1,044 1,315 1,475 1,789 2, 637 White CD $1, 640 1,451 1,163 2, 244 1,862 1,279 1,289 1,797 2, 297 1, 165 1,788 1,608 1,807 1,365 1,330 1,695 1,605 1, 571 2,637 Percent of school term not attended Negro US ao O CD O CO o NHDHOO 00 Tt< CO 00 ^ coo 2 2 ^ c$ £ 2* 2* 2* cs 5* S3 5^ c5 JS* °°* Jh White 3 14.7 CO US o O OO CO 05 O CO NHHCOOO 05 0 1-H 2 H 2 H H O rfj CO O 05 JO JO CD CNj O 05 Percent of pupils attend¬ ing daily Negro es 81.8 83.0 80.4 83.4 88.7 76.0 82.3 83.9 84.1 81.9 79.2 84.2 84.6 76.7 83.2 79.6 84.4 92.0 85.3 White 2 cs us GO N»000 o 0000000500 t^OOOOOOOO 0500 00 00 00 00 00 00 Average num¬ ber of days attended by each pupil enrolled Negro - 139.1 138.7 121.7 153.7 156.4 136.1 142.4 134.3 156.4 121.3 152.3 151.5 148.0 125.9 142.7 134.4 152.0 161.6 151.1 White 149.2 143.2 137.8 160.1 158.6 151.6 130.3 143.5 161.4 163.9 154.7 162.4 148.5 147.6 138.1 145.6 156.7 156.7 143.5 Length of school term in days Negro 170.1 167.2 151.3 183.1 176.3 179.0 173.1 160.0 186.0 140.7 192.3 179.9 175.0 164.2 171.5 169.0 180.0 175.7 177.3 White 00 174.9 171.1 167.0 184.0 176.1 180.0 163.4 168.6 185.4 182.6 180.5 179. 9 175.0 178.1 163.1 175.0 180.0 175.1 177.4 Average daily attendance per teacher Negro r* us ao w t-~ lO © Tj< -'f HH1CCON © -C © © ©' co co © ^ ©‘ eS 25.6 25.3 21.9 23.7 23.7 24.8 24.4 28.0 27.1 23.0 29.2 25.1 22.4 25.2 23.7 27.3 24.4 22.1 Instructional staff Negro US 67, 436 6, 221 2,655 259 3, 519 7,350 1,358 4, 489 1,888 6, 245 1,637 7,436 1,528 6, 220 3,139 6,705 4, 495 979 1,313 White us o» us CD e* 13, 976 9, 890 1,420 10, 856 15, 922 16, 464 10, 164 7,346 8, 665 21, 382 18, 458 15, 649 9, 316 17, 554 38, 999 14,305 14, 125 2, 104 Enrollment in public day schools Negro ® s CD CD W w 225, 604 95, 700 7, 283 101.817 259, 111 36, 205 165, 706 63, 160 258, 800 50, 887 251, 307 36, 695 201,020 102,068 197, 554 147, 699 24, 857 40, 747 White N N CD US GO CO CD* 412, 771 297, 370 34, 400 271,360 435, 271 490, 256 270, 567 225, 231 258, 224 574,348 562, 192 424, 570 247, 224 492, 951 1,048,899 400, 282 385,816 54, 030 State - 17 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia _ Alabama... . . Arkansas. . . . Delaware _ .. - Florida.— . . Georgia . . . Kentucky.. . . . Louisiana . . Maryland.. . . Mississippi _ Missouri . . North Carolina. . . . Oklahoma . . . South Carolina . . . Tennessee . . Texas . . . . Virginia.. . West Virginia _ _ District of Columbia _ Tabic 44. — Expenditures for Negro public schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 Auxiliary agencies Other auxiliary agencies I $3,195 13, 029 2, 350 12, 194 201, 742 133, 079 19, 226 4,862 241, 125 36, 680 189,658 36,814 Transpor¬ tation of pupils eo $294, 867 163, 442 44,888 142,312 121,485 95,673 314, 460 105, 441 538,006 246, 661 46, 574 302, 759 Promo¬ tion of health N $7, 649 12, 655 715 Is- 1 CC rtt i oa to 1 CO oT i r iO 1 iO CS 1 247, 830 O 1 CO 1 00 | o | Wages of janitors, engineers, etc. 00 $58, 068 40, 206 117, 488 122, 494 ! iss 32 3 1 cs Salaries of instruc¬ tional staff -*< s CO o c& CO S 5, 497, 724 1,888, 989 611,701 4, 496, 854 4, 788, 219 1,856,386 4, 254, 139 4, 015, 302 2,665,480 3,033,361 11,802,939 2, 579, 940 5,184, 686 3, 278, 210 8, 814, 671 6, 629, 314 1,730,394 3, 462, 371 Total 5* 00 § N W o' oo 5, 678, 022 1, 954, 261 542, 749 4, 653, 204 5,003, 880 1, 945, 165 4, 523, 860 4, 184, 297 2, 736, 754 3, 608, 047 12, 048, 151 2, 709, 253 5, 247, 596 3, 432, 788 9, 545, 122 6, 937, 484 1, 778, 058 3,692, 337 General control N US CO o o s 300, 681 148, 188 58,834 202, 506 396, 153 210, 622 358, 387 199, 092 67, 919 377,389 671,977 156, 104 74, 572 225, 345 951,983 355, 953 98,860 148,979 1 CO 822769 — 19 - 1 r 17 States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia _ Alabama . Arkansas. . . . Delaware 1 . Florida . . . . Georgia.. . Kentucky 1 . Louisiana 1 . Maryland i. . . . Mississippi . . . Missouri i . . . . . North Carolina . . . Oklahoma _ South Carolina . . Tennessee 1 . Texas . . . . Virginia . . . . West Virginia « _ District of Columbia 1 . 1 Estimate for Negro schools based on the ratio of white and Negro teachers salaries. 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Tabic 45.— Current expense, capital outlay, debt service, and number of Negro public schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1945-46 Number of schools Second¬ ary 3 i *? §ssM3 ss a Ele¬ men¬ tary a 20,969 §S£IS IlsSl IISII 11 * HH ■§&■ jag i : l ! i i is i i s i a : i isf : : 8‘ i 88 ' II ' I C* 1 Total cur- rent expense, capital out¬ lay and in¬ terest for day schools ao f 7, 468, 419 2, 838, 717 789, 880 6, 065, 884 6, 452,333 3, 067, 880 6, 343, 712 6, 603, 881 3, 125, 642 5, 774, 745 15, 439, 860 3, 814, 009 6, 288, 292 4, 875, 7U 16, 306, 869 10,363, 457 2, 742, 057 5,302,970 Interest r* I s g 22,370 36, 856 9,932 351, 102 139, 120 31, 677 111, 499 230, 764 79, 38U 178, 384 44, 331 18, 595 33, 721 680, 038 85, 338 72, 249 0 Capital outlay New equip¬ ment «0 $37, 117 7, 000 42, 307 5, 013 43, 522 345, 350 87, 025 30, 615 i i i i New buildings sites and altera¬ tions - $78, 070 14, 107 94, 919 173, 738 98, 383 29, 409 9, 552 127, 574 1 1 ; ; Total s I & 405, 110 115, 187 20, 107 137, 226 178, 751 106, 195 141,905 495, 229 319, 411 374, 759 96, 577 158, 189 133, 990 1, 295, 404 649, 048 119,882 112, 162 Total cur¬ rent expense for full-time day schools CO $106,679,830 7, 040, 939 2, 686, 674 759, 841 5, 577, 556 6, 134, 462 2, 930, 008 6, 090, 308 5, 877, 888 3, 125, 642 5, 375, 954 14, 886, 717 3, 673, 101 6,111,508 4, 708, 000 14, 331, 427 9, 629, 071 2, 549, 926 5, 190, 808 Fixed charges 0? 1 1 s ISI11 SSlsi Hill Sss § m if State - 17 States and the District of Columbia. . . Alabama . Arkansas _ Delaware * - - - - Florida . . . . . . Georgia . - . Kentucky 2 . Louisiana 2 _ Maryland 2 . Mississippi - - Missouri2... . . North Carolina. . Oklahoma . . . . . . South Carolina - - - Tennessee 2 - - - Texas2 . . . . Virginia _ . _ _ west Virginia'— . District of Columbia 2 . . i Total for 16 States and District of Columbia. * Estimate for night schools based on the ratio of white and Negro STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 Tabic 46. — Teachers employed in private and parochial schools, by State, 1945-46 State Total in elementary and secondary schools Elementary schools, in¬ cluding kindergartens Secondary schools Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . . . 100, 865 16, 624 84,241 64, 495 3, 738 60, 757 36, 370 12,886 23,484 Alabama _ _ 687 118 569 307 39 268 380 79 301 Arizona . . . . 287 38 249 215 5 210 72 33 39 Arkansas . . . . 303 57 246 180 17 163 123 40 83 California.. . . 3,734 756 2,978 2,068 108 1,960 1,666 648 1,018 Colorado _ _ _ 803 160 643 428 28 400 375 132 243 Connecticut _ 2,302 531 1, 771 1, 333 34 1,299 969 497 472 Delaware . . . 324 76 248 201 13 188 123 63 60 Florida . . . . 504 123 381 222 25 197 282 98 184 Georgia . . . 448 160 288 193 14 179 255 146 109 Idaho . . . . 189 30 159 141 18 123 48 12 36 Illinois _ _ _ _ _ 9,037 1, 582 7,455 6,325 583 5,742 2,712 999 1,713 Indiana... _ _ 1,931 278 1, 653 1, 401 42 1,359 530 236 294 Iowa... . . . . 2, 243 254 1, 989 1, 257 21 1, 236 986 233 753 Kansas . . 1,110 135 975 780 48 732 330 87 243 Kentucky.. _ _ 1, 754 270 1,484 1,044 63 981 710 207 503 Louisiana . . . 2,265 411 1, 854 1, 467 136 1,331 798 275 523 Maine.. . . . . . 1,057 265 792 600 47 553 457 218 239 Maryland.. . - ... 1,962 331 1,631 1,258 78 1,180 704 253 451 Massachusetts _ _ _ 6,788 1, 007 5. 781 4,136 145 3, 991 2,652 862 1, 790 Michigan . 4,504 561 3,943 2,648 189 2,459 1, 856 372 1,484 Minnesota. . . 2,787 350 2,437 1, 924 101 1, 823 863 249 614 Mississippi. . . . 385 114 271 215 46 169 170 68 102 Missouri . . . 2,864 374 2,490 2,013 47 1, 966 851 327 524 Montana . . . 422 75 347 309 45 264 113 30 83 Nebraska . . 989 144 845 636 69 567 353 75 278 Nevada _ 12 12 8 8 4 4 New Hampshire . 1,005 285 720 585 23 585 420 262 158 New Jersey _ _ _ 4, 649 639 4,010 3,152 60 3,152 1, 497 579 918 New Mexico _ 579 145 434 374 83 374 205 62 143 New York.. . . . . 14,287 2,464 11, 823 9,477 705 9,477 4, 810 1, 759 3,051 North Carolina . 419 113 306 183 12 183 236 101 135 North Dakota _ 504 80 424 367 35 367 137 45 92 Ohio . . . . 5,465 665 4,800 3, 556 24 3, 556 1, 909 641 1, 268 Oklahoma _ 524 60 464 296 16 296 228 44 184 Oregon . . . . 597 75 522 344 6 344 253 69 184 Pennsylvania _ 10, 242 1, 480 8,762 6,677 182 6,677 3, 565 1,298 2,267 Rhode Island . . . 1,250 251 999 844 31 844 406 220 186 South Carolina _ _ 223 49 174 107 7 107 116 42 74 South Dakota _ _ _ 557 126 431 420 77 420 137 49 88 Tennessee . . . . 721 271 450 350 89 350 371 182 189 Texas . . . . . . 2,372 398 1, 974 1, 524 135 1, 524 848 263 585 Utah . . 89 16 73 38 3 38 51 13 38 Vermont . . . . 507 81 426 267 1 267 240 80 160 Virginia . . 864 285 579 276 21 276 588 264 324 Washington.. . . . 982 179 803 564 43 564 418 136 282 West Virginia . . . 366 50 316 216 2 214 150 48 102 Wisconsin . 4,177 537 3, 640 3,204 192 3,012 973 345 628 Wyoming.. . . 64 19 45 49 16 33 15 3 12 District of Columbia . 731 156 575 316 14 302 415 142 273 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 47. — Pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, by State. 1945-46 State Total in elementary and secondary schools Elementary schools, in¬ cluding kindergartens Secondary schools Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 * 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ _ 2,824,500 1,394,504 1, 429.99C 2,259,392 1, 136, 622 1, 122, 770 565, 108 257,882 307,226 Alabama . . 14,393 6, 859 7, 534 11, 152 5,403 5,749 3,241 1, 456 1,785 Arizona. . 5, 701 2, 590 3,111 5,061 2,439 2,622 640 151 489 Arkansas . . 6, 924 3, 391 3,533 5, 393 2,705 2, 688 1,631 686 845 California . 106, 943 50, 506 56, 437 81, 976 40, 137 41,839 24, 967 10, 369 14, 598 Colorado . _ . 19, 732 9,704 10, 028 15, 164 7, 566 7, 598 4,568 2,138 2,430 Connecticut . . . 58, 997 29, 314 29, 683 47, 524 23, 648 23,876 11,473 5,666 5,807 Delaware . 7, 621 3, 925 3, 696 6, 102 3, 053 3,049 1,519 872 647 Florida . . 10, 444 5, 145 5, 299 7, 120 3, 555 3, 565 3,324 1.590 1,734 Georgia.. . . 9, 743 5,040 4,703 5,756 2,721 3,035 3,987 2,319 1, 668 Idaho _ _ 3,344 1, 446 1,898 2,778 1,240 1, 538 566 206 360 Illinois.— . . . 266, 277 131, 465 134, 812 213, 105 108, 156 104, 949 53, 172 23,309 29,863 Indiana _ _ 58, 926 29,988 28, 938 49, 682 25, 407 24, 275 9,244 4, 581 4, 663 Iowa . . . . . 49,550 24, 434 25, 116 38, 239 19, 261 18, 978 11,311 5,173 6,138 Kansas _ _ _ 26, 440 13, 139 13, 301 21, 945 11, 243 10, 702 4, 495 1,896 2,599 Kentucky _ 46,390 22, 418 23, 972 35, 187 17,663 17, 524 11, 203 4,755 6,448 Louisiana . . . 75, 184 36,880 38,304 63, 115 31, 218 31, 897 12,069 5,662 6,407 Maine _ _ _ 29, 267 14, 544 14, 723 21, 467 10, 433 11,034 7,800 4,111 3, 689 Maryland _ _ 55, 373 27, 217 28, 156 44, 849 22, 427 22, 422 10, 524 4, 790 5,734 Massachusetts _ 167, 026 81, 865 85, 161 131, 424 65, 297 66,127 35, 602 16, 568 19,034 Michigan . . . . 152, 878 75,047 77, 831 117, 885 60,111 57, 774 34, 993 14,936 20, 057 Minnesota. . . . 72. 586 36, 281 36, 305 60, 891 30, 912 29, 979 11, 695 5,369 6,326 Mississippi . . 9, 375 4, 794 4, 581 7, 148 3, 596 3, 552 2, 227 1,198 1,029 Missouri . . . . 84, 241 42, 303 41, 938 69, 216 34, 936 34, 280 15,025 7,367 7, 658 Montana . . . 8.026 3,780 4,246 6,379 3,111 3, 268 1,647 669 978 Nebraska. . . . . 25,367 12, 708 12, 659 20,266 10, 429 9,837 5,101 2,279 2,822 Nevada _ _ 431 216 215 336 179 157 95 37 58 New Hampshire... . 23, 478 12, 100 11, 378 18, 573 9,314 9,259 4, 905 2,786 2,119 New Jersey _ _ 134, 019 67, 245 66, 774 108, 685 55, 201 53, 484 25,334 12, 044 13,290 New Mexico.. . 10,369 4, 946 5,423 8,409 4, 070 4,339 1,960 876 1,084 New York . 437, 235 214, 661 222, 574 358, 461 181, 172 177, 289 78, 774 33,489 45,285 North Carolina... . 5, 520 2, 610 2,910 3. 488 1, 713 1, 775 2,032 897 1, 135 North Dakota... . . 10, 060 4,993 5,067 8, 482 4, 318 4, 164 1, 578 675 903 Ohio. . . . . 168, 352 83.981 84,371 134, 708 68,637 66, 071 33, 644 15,344 18, 300 Oklahoma . . 9,533 4, 619 4, 914 7,649 3. 776 3,873 1,884 843 1,041 Oregon . . ... 13, 597 6,597 7,000 10, 312 5, 138 5,174 3,285 1, 459 1, 826 Pennsylvania— _ _ _ 311,381 154, 733 156,648 248, 076 124, 657 123,419 63,305 30, 076 33, 229 Rhode Island. . . 33, 585 16.365 17, 220 26. 775 13, 589 13, 186 6, 810 2,776 4, 034 South Carolina . . 4,903 2,211 2, 692 3, 191 1, 508 1,683 1,712 703 1,009 South Dakota. . 8, 092 3,763 4,329 6,578 3, 190 3,388 1, 514 573 941 Tennessee . 14,347 7,988 6,359 8, 652 4,332 4,320 5, 695 3, 656 2,039 Texas _ _ _ _ 63, 696 30, 188 33, 508 53,397 25, 726 27,671 10, 299 4,462 5,837 Utah . . 1,786 786 1,000 1,248 587 661 538 199 339 Vermont. . 11, 588 5, 567 6,021 8, 369 4, 145 4,224 3, 219 1,422 1,797 Virginia _ _ 15, 669 7,981 7, 688 9,246 4, 720 4, 526 6,423 3.261 3. 162 Washingron _ _ 22.783 11,069 11, 714 17,487 8,726 8,767 5, 296 2,343 2,953 West Virginia . . . 8, 820 4, 712 4, 108 6,233 3, 106 3, 127 2,587 1,606 981 Wisconsin . 125, 358 63, 179 ' 62, 179 109, 260 55, 712 53,548 16,098 7,467 8,631 Wyoming . 1,434 664 770 1,251 588 663 183 76 107 District of Columbia . 17, 716 i 8, 547 9, 169 11, 702 5,851 5,851 6,014 2,696 3,318 Table 48. — Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, by States, 1945-46 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 Total Ele¬ mentary and Secondary Pupils © 2, 607,879 10, 908 6, 149 6, 489 98, 019 17, 038 46, 968 6, 6.54 8, 132 6, 163 3, 065 247, 490 62, 496 46, 435 24, 310 42, 758 71, 327 24, 393 50, 913 156, 281 144, 521 67, 302 7,912 77, 414 7, 932 21,667 Teach¬ ers 2 86, 945 SSKSgiS *00*0*0© COO*COO*r-4 i-H © 0*0 HMOOH Soio^oo CO *H od fH *© Tf CO H fH » fH 1 Women w © P5 242 20 77 600 159 158 23 136 30 27 1, 383 239 695 198 376 397 103 281 1,334 1,326 523 68 420 75 254 Men - © © © ©* WfHWNC* 00t^~H©*O ©0*C*CO© t^©coooco oo^coo*© ^ CO © 00 fH C* CO CO O CO CO ON^CCr- OC*iOiO©.iFHC*WNC* OOfNOXOi ©©lOrf-^ © CO CM CO O* CM fH ©NNhh CM fH CO CO CM CO fH State - Continental United States. Alabama . . Arizona . Arkansas . . California . Colorado.. . Connecticut . Delaware . Florida . . Georgia . Idaho _ Illinois _ Indiana . . . Iowa _ Kansas. . . Kentucky . . Louisiana.. . Maine... . . Maryland . . Massachusetts . . Michigan . . . Minnesota . Mississippi . Missouri _ Montana... . . . Nebraska. . . . See footnotes at end of table Table 48. — Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, by States, 1 945-461 — Continued 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 1 Prepared by the Department of Education, National Catholic Welfare Conference. 3 When the sex is not given, estimate is made on basis of information given 8 1,080 priests and 697 brothers. 4 3,772 priests and 2,327 brothers. 1944-46 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States Statistics jf City ' t 1 ^ School Systems i««-« Chapter ! I FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY . OFFICE OF EDUCATION Chapter III Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , 1944-46 Statistics of City School Systems 1945-40 By Lester B. Herlihy, Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the Direction of Emery M. Foster Head, Reports and Analysis Branch, Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oscar R. Ewing . . Administrator Office of Education Rail I. Grigsby . . Acting Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON s 1949 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., Price 20 cents CONTENTS Text Page Introduction _ 1 Classification of city systems _ 1 Extent of coverage - 3 Enrollment _ 3 School attendance _ . _ 4 Length of school year and days attended _ _ 5 Teaching load _ 6 Supervisory and teaching staff _ 8 Salary expenditure _ 10 Sources of revenue for city school systems _ 10 Percentage distribution of city school expenditures _ 11 Current expenditures per pupil _ 13 Value of school property _ 14 Bonded indebtedness of city school districts _ 15 Summer schools _ 15 Adult education _ 17 Text Tables I. Coverage, 1945-46 _ 2 II. Percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance in full-time day schools in city school systems, by population group, 1929-30 to 1945-46 4 III. Distribution of 2,963 school systems of cities having a population of 2,500 or more, according to number of days in actual session, 1945-46. _ _ 5 IV. Number of days schools were in session and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in school systems of cities, by population group, 1937-38 to 1945-46 _ 6 V. Number of days schools were in session and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in school systems of cities, by population group, 1937-38 and 1945-46 _ 6 VI. Number of pupils enrolled and in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems by population group, 1929-30 to 1945-46 - 7 VII. Enrollment and average daily attendance per teacher in city school sys¬ tems, by level and by population group, 1937-38 and 1945-46 _ 7 VIII. Percent of total number of teaching positions filled by men, in city school systems, 1929-30 to 1945-46 _ 8 IX. Average annual salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers in city public day schools, and percentage increase, by population group, 1937- 38, 1939-40, and 1945-46 _ _ 9 X. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts of city school systems, by popu¬ lation group, 1937-38 and 1945-46 _ 12 XI. Percentage analysis of current expenditures and of total expenditures of city school systems by population group, 1945-46 - 13 XII. Annual current expense per pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day schools, city school systems, by population group, 1927-28 to 1945-46 13 m BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 XIII. Value of school properties per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, by population group, 1927-28 to 1945-46 _ 14 XIV. Bonds outstanding in city school systems, less amount in sinking fund, by population group, 1927-28 to 1945-46 _ 16 XV. Summer schools in public school systems of cities of 2,500 population or more, 1927-28 to 1945-46 _ 17 XVI. Adult education, part-time, continuation, night, and Americanization schools in public-school systems of cities of 2,500 population or more, 1927-28 to 1945-46 _ 18 Summary and Detail Tables 1. Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal statistics, for public schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1945-46 _ 19 2. Summary of personnel and attendance data for public-school systems, in cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population, by State, 1945-46 _ 24 3. Summary of current expenditures, classified by major accounts, for public- school systems in cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population, by State, 1945-46. _ 26 4. Personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for public-school systems, by State and by city, 1945-46 _ 30 IV STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1945-46 S PART of its periodic survey program, the Office of Education has since 1871, collected separate data for city school systems. In the 75 years between 1871 and 1946, the total population of the Nation increased approximately 380 percent, and the urban population, which in 1870 comprised but 25.7 percent of the total population, in 1946 comprised 56.5 percent. Thus the period since the inception of the collection of city public-school statistics has not only witnessed an enormous growth in total population, but also an equally significant trend toward urbanization of our population. City school systems in the cities with population of 2,500 or more have increased in number from 663 in 1870 to 3,464 in 1940. Such a transition from a dominantly rural to a dominantly urban society, along with other related factors in this population trend, has exerted a strong influence in molding the type of organization and in determining the functions of the present city school system in the United States. The primary purpose of this report is to present statistically the status of city school systems in 1945—46. It also reviews the major changes which have occurred in city school systems over the Nation during the past decade and longer. Statistics are not collected sepa¬ rately on the city schools conducted as parts of county unit systems, or of some similarly organized administrative unit larger than the indi¬ vidual school district; or in school districts serving places of less than 2,500 population (even though some such places are, by some States, termed “cities”). With proper adjustments for cities in larger school units, the material in this study can be used as the means for determin¬ ing what are the data for rural schools in any given year for which the survey is made. The subtraction of the adjusted statistics of city school systems from the total for the State, as reported by the State Depart¬ ments of Education, provides a method for obtaining a rough estimate of the rural school figures for the Nation. As with previous reports in this series, the data presented assist in answering current questions regarding school personnel and finance, and are of service in more efficient planning by city school systems. Classification of City Systems % All United States Census cities having a population of 2,500 and more are included in this report except 234 cities in which the schools 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 are operated as a part of an administrative unit larger than the indi¬ vidual city. Most of these 234 cities are in the States of Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, and West Virginia. The county or a similar unit for school administration prevails in these States. As in previous reports, the cities included in the present study are grouped according to size of population into four classifications as follows: Group I includes 89 cities, each with a population of 100,000 and more in 1940, and each of which constitutes a separate school district. Three cities of this class located in Florida are not included in the list, as each is, for school purposes, a part of the county unit system prevail¬ ing in the State. Group II includes 240 cities, each in the classification of 30,000 to 99,999 population on the 1940 census basis. Twenty of these cities contain two school districts each; and two cities have three school districts each. On the other hand, the two cities of Maywood and Mel¬ rose Park, Ill., in this population group, operate between them separate elementary and secondary school districts that serve each of the two cities. The cities of this population group, not included because their schools are part of a larger administrative authority, number 17. The Group III cities number 695, each with 10,000 to 29,999 popula¬ tion in 1940. Of this total number, 655 cities have single unit school districts; 36 have 2 districts each; 3 have 3 school districts each; and 1 has 4 school districts within its municipal boundaries. In this group of cities, 33 have been excluded because their schools are administered as parts of larger school units than the city. The Group IV classification consists of 2,206 cities with populations of 2,500 to 9,999 on the 1940 census basis. An additional 181 cities in this population group are excluded because the schools in such cities are administered as part of a larger school unit. TABLE I. — COVERAGE 1945-46 Population group Number of cities in 1940 U.S. Census Number not included because parts of larger school unit Number of cities operating their own schools Number of school districts in these cities Number not reporting 1 2 3 4 5 6 All groups combined _ 3,464 234 3,230 3,299 397 Group I _ 92 3 89 89 0 Group II _ 257 17 240 264 4 Group III _ 728 33 695 740 57 Group IV _ 2,387 181 2,206 2,206 336 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Extent of Coverage Of the 3,230 cities having school districts of their own, 61 cities of 10,000 population and more were not reported for 1945—46. In such cases data for previously reported school years have been used for this study as noted in the tables giving detailed data on these cities. Also, data for 336 cities of the 2,500 to 9,999 population group, or 15.2 per¬ cent of the total for cities of this Class IV Group, were not furnished by the respective school district officials. However, to make the tabulation complete for the Group IV cities, estimates of this 15.2 percent have been made on the basis of data received from cities of comparable popu¬ lation size and geographic location. The Office received the full cooperation of nearly 88 percent of the 3,299 city school administrative officers from whom reports were requested for this study. Enrollment In 1945—46 the city public-school systems reported enrollment of 11,970,043 pupils, of whom 6,012,933 were boys and 5,957,110 were girls. The independent city public-school systems included in this study, therefore, enrolled 65.5 percent of all the public-school children in the Nation reported for 1945-46. Of the enrollment in the city school systems, the Group I cities reported 44.2 percent, Group II, 16.8 per¬ cent, Group III, 18.4 percent, and Group IV, 20.6 percent of the total. There were 7,523,473 pupils, or 62.9 percent of the total city school system enrollment, reported in nursery, kindergarten, and elementary schools. Of the 17,677,744 pupils enrolled from kindergarten through the eighth grade for all public schools of the Nation, the city school system enrollment is 42.5 percent. Thus, the remaining segment of the school population (mainly rural, but including urban centers whose schools are parts of larger administrative units such as the county) accounted for an elementary school enrollment of 57.5 percent. It appears that while the total urban population is larger than the rural, the public-school enrollments in kindergarten through the first eight grades in the urban areas is appreciably smaller than the comparable enrollment in rural school areas. The high-school enrollment in the city school systems included in this study numbered 4,361,562 pupils, or 77.6 percent of the national total public high-school enrollment. The so-called rural enrollment in high schools numbered 1,260,635, or 22.4 percent of the national total reported for public full-time day schools. This seeming disparity in the high-school enrollments between the urban and rural segments of our population is due to the fact that in many localities over the Nation, the high-school attendance areas embrace both rural and urban ele- 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 mentary school districts. Thus, a large proportion of the secondary enrollment reported by city school systems has its origin in rural ele¬ mentary schools. Bus transportation has, of course, made possible much of this increase of rural enrollment in city high-school systems. The percentage, therefore, of the total enrollment in city school systems that is in the high schools is 36.4, as compared to the 24.1 percent for all public schools of the Nation. This difference in the percent of total enrollment in high school between city school systems and the Nation as a whole is partly due to the rural pupils attending city high schools. School Attendance In 1939-40, of every 100 pupils enrolled in city school systems, there were in daily attendance an average of 86.6 pupils. In 1945—46 the average daily attendance of 10,049,840 was 84.0 percent of the total enrollment. TABLE II— PERCENTAGE OF ENROLLMENT IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS IN CITY SCHOOLS SYSTEMS, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1929-30 TO 1945-46 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1929-30 _ 84.4 83.8 84.3 85.1 85.3 1931-32 _ 86.4 86.3 86.3 86.8 86.4 1933-34 _ 86.1 85.3 86.6 87.2 87.0 1935-36 _ 86.2 86.0 85.6 86.6 86.5 1937-38 _ 86.7 86.1 86.5 87.5 87.3 1939-40 _ 86.6 85.2 87.2 88.4 87.8 1941-42 _ 84.1 82.2 85.3 86.0 85.9 1943-44 _ 83.2 80.8 84.4 86.3 85.1 1945-46 _ 83.9 82.3 84.9 85.4 85.3 The trend in this percentage relationship of attendance to enroll¬ ment in full-time day schools of city systems is shown in table II, which gives data for each city group by bienniums starting with the 1929—30 school year. In 1931—32 an improvement in this attendance-enrollment relationship was noted for each of the four population groups. The gain involved was sustained through the 1930’s, and the first evidence of decline was in the 1942 figures, which showed a drop from 85.2 pupils to 82.2 pupils in average daily attendance for each 100 pupils enrolled in the Group I city school systems. The other groups were similarly affected by a decline in average daily attendance of at least 2 pupils each per 100 enrolled. For all cities, between 1930 to 1946, this trend reached its low point at 83.2 pupils in average daily attendance per 100 enrolled in the 1943—44 biennium (table III). The Group I cities registered the lowest average of pupils in daily attendance with 80.8 pupils per 100 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 enrollment. Thus, between 1937—38 and 1943—44 there was a decrease of 5.3 pupils attending daily for each 100 pupils enrolled. This de¬ crease undoubtedly reflects the withdrawals from enrollment of high- school pupils for military and industrial service. In 1945-46 the trend shows an upward movement in the relationship between average daily attendance and enrollment, although the overall increase was but 7/10 pupil per hundred enrolled. Length of School Year and Days Attended The average length of the city school term in days has remained practically the same for a long period of years at 182 days, as shown by table IV. However, this average school term conceals wide vari¬ ations among individual city school systems. Table III shows the dis¬ tribution of 2,963 city school systems according to the average length of the school term. It is found from table III that 47.8 percent, or 1,416 city school systems had a term varying from 176 to 180 days in length. It is evident from the table that a 9-month school term or longer is supported by 70 percent of the city school systems. The average length of the school term for a combination of two or more systems is deter¬ mined by dividing the aggregate attendance (the total number of days attended by all pupils) by the average daily attendance. If the total aggregate attendance for all cities is divided by the total average at¬ tendance for all cities, a term of 181 days is obtained (table IV) as the city school term in the United States. The average for all public elementary and secondary schools in the Nation was 176.8 days for 1945-46. TABLE III. — DISTRIBUTION OF 2,963 SCHOOL SYSTEMS OF CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 2,500 OR MORE, ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF DAYS IN ACTUAL SESSION, 1945-46 Length of term in days (actual session ex¬ clusive of holidays) All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total... 2,963 100.0 89 100.0 244 100.0 742 100.0 1,888 100.0 151-155. __ 156-160... 161-165. _. 166-170. _. 171-175... 176-180... 181-185... 186-190... 191-195... 196-200... More than 200 2 2 10 116 602 * 1,416 510 229 30 46 ) 2 2 9 95 442 916 250 135 13 24 ) _ > 0.5 3.9 20.3 47.8 17.2 7.7 1.0 1.6 6 0 0 9 37 27 11 1 4 0 10.1 41.6 30.3 12.4 1.1 4.5 0 1 1 34 89 71 37 5 6 0 0.4 .4 13.9 36.5 29.1 15.2 2.0 2.5 0 20 117 374 162 46 11 12 0 2.7 15.8 50.4 21.8 6.2 1.5 1.6 y o.6 5.0 23.4 48.5 13.3 7.2 .7 1.3 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 The pupil enrolled in the city public-school system attended an average of only 152 (table IV) of the 181 days provided in 1945-46, a loss of 29 days (16.0 percent of the school term), because of absence from classes. The average loss per pupil through absence for the Nation as a whole was approximately 26 days, or 14.8 percent of the school year 1945-46 (table V). TABLE IV— NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE IN SESSION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED BY EACH PUPIL ENROLLED IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS OF CITIES, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1937-38 TO 1945-46 Population group Days in session Days attended 1937 1939 1941 1943 1945 1937 1939 1941 1943 1945 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All groups _ 182 182 182 180 181 157 158 153 150 152 Group I _ 184 185 186 185 184 158 158 153 149 151 Group II _ _ 182 181 179 181 181 157 158 153 152 154 Group III _ 180 180 179 177 179 158 159 154 152 153 Group IV _ 179 179 177 175 178 156 157 152 149 152 TABLE V.-NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE IN SESSION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED BY EACH PUPIL EN¬ ROLLED IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS OF CITIES, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1937-38 AND 1945-46 Population group Days in session Days attended Days of term out of school Percent of term out of school 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 All groups.. 181.7 181.4 157.2 152.2 24.5 29.2 13.3 16.1 Group I _ 183.6 183.8 157.8 151.2 25.8 32.6 14.1 17.7 Group II _ 181.5 181.3 156.8 153.8 24.7 27.5 13.6 15.2 Group III _ 180.1 179.4 157.4 153.3 22.7 26.1 12.6 14.5 Group IV _ 178.6 178.3 156.0 152.0 22.6 26.3 12.7 14.8 Teaching Load The total number of pupils divided by the total number of teachers gives what is technically known as the “teaching load,” or “the pupil- teacher ratio.” The number of superintendents, supervisors, and prin¬ cipals employed in the city school systems is excluded from this com¬ putation. The average teaching load in all city school systems was 30.2 pupils enrolled and 25.3 pupils in average daily attendance for the 1945-46 school year. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 Table VI shows the teaching load both for enrollment and average daily attendance for the bienniums from 1930 to 1946, inclusive. The average number of pupils per teacher in 1945—46 was fewer by 3 pupils in each of the four groups of city school systems than in 1929-30, thus TABLE VI.— NUMBER OF PUPILS ENROLLED AND IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PER TEACHER IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1929-30 TO 1945-46 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV Enrolled In average daily Attendance Enrolled In average daily Attendance Enrolled In average daily Attendance Enrolled In average daily Attendance Enrolled In average daily Attendance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1929-30 _ 33 28 35 30 32 27 33 28 32 28 1931-32 _ 33 29 35 30 32 28 33 28 32 28 1933-34 _ 35 30 36 30 33 29 34 30 34 29 1935-36 _ 34 29 35 30 33 28 33 28 33 28 1937-38 _ 33 28 34 29 32 27 32 28 32 28 1939-40 _ 32 28 33 29 30 27 31 27 31 27 1941-42 _ . 31 26 33 27 29 24 29 25 29 25 1943-44 _ 31 25 33 27 29 24 29 25 29 25 1945-46 _ 30 25 32 27 28 24 29 25 29 25 TABLE VII— ENROLLMENT AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTEND¬ ANCE PER TEACHER IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, BY LEVEL AND BY POPULATION GROUP, 1937-38 AND 1945-46 Pupils per Teacher in — Item All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1937-38 1945-46 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total systems: Enrollment . 32.9 33.4 34.0 32.3 31.2 28.5 31.7 28.8 V) 32.8 Average daily attendance 28.5 28.1 29.2 26.5 27.0 24.2 27.8 24.6 (0 26.7 Elementary: Enrollment _ 34.2 34.2 35.1 36.1 32.3 32.0 33.3 32.8 0) 33.4 Average daily attendance 29.9 28.0 30.9 29.0 28.1 27.0 28.8 26.7 0) 28.1 Secondary: Enrollment _ 29.9 24.9 30.4 26.8 28.7 24.2 29.0 24.1 0) 22.8 Average daily attendance 25.8 21.6 25.8 23.1 25.4 20.8 26.4 21.0 0) 19.9 1 Data not compiled for 1938. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 reflecting the continued effects of the lower birth rates prevailing through the thirties. The wave of war babies produced during the forties, or war and postwar years, was just beginning to reach the schools in 1945—46. It is safe to assume, that because of teacher short¬ age in the elementary schools, of which there is limited prospect for current improvement, and the prospective increase in elementary en¬ rollments, the decreasing trend in teaching load will be reversed and the average number of pupils per teacher may increase rapidly during the immediate years ahead, extending eventually to the high schools as well. The secondary school teacher carried an average teaching load in 1945—46 which was considerably less than that of 1937—38. To a smaller degree this condition also applied to the elementary school level (table VII) . Supervisory and Teaching Staff If we count but one person to each position reported, teachers and other instructional staff numbered 397,268 individuals in city school systems in 1945—46. Of this number 75,768 were men, and 321,500 were women. Thus it may he noted that men represented 19.1 percent of the total number of instructional staff employed in 1945-46. In the 8-year period, 1937—38 to 1945—46, the percentage of men teachers was highest in the 1941—42 school year for each city group (table VIII). The per¬ centage of men increased steadily from 1929-30 to 1941-42 when the military and war services reversed the trend. In 1943—44 the percentage of men teachers was back to the 1935-36 level. In 1945-46 the propor¬ tion of men teachers shows a sharp upward surge towards the former percentage. For 1945—46 the city school systems reported 4,152 superintendents and assistant superintendents, 4,407 supervisors, and 17,305 principals TABLE VIII. — PERCENT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF TEACHING POSI¬ TIONS FILLED BY MEN IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1929-30 TO 1945-46 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1929-30 . . . . 13.3 13.8 12.6 12.3 13.7 1931-32.. . . 14.4 14.9 13.8 13.8 15.6 1933-34 _ _ _ 16.1 15.9 15 2 15.3 17.8 1935-36 . . 17.4 16.9 16^4 17.3 19.7 1937-38 . . . . 19.1 18.3 18.1 18.7 21.9 1939-40.. . . 20.6 19.7 19.4 21.0 23.5 1941-42 _ 21.5 20.1 20.6 22.4 24.1 1943-44 _ _ _ _ 17.6 18.0 17.5 18.2 16.5 1945-46 _ _ _ 19.1 19.3 18.4 18.6 19.6 TABLE IX.-AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARIES OF SUPERVISORS, PRINCIPALS, AND TEACHERS IN CITY PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS, AND PERCENTAGE INCREASE, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1937-38, 1939-40, AND 1945-46 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Teachers 1945-46 « $2,417 27.7 $2,930 24.3 $2,324 31.9 $2,034 36.4 $1,854 44.7 o T 05 co 05 $1,939 2.5 $2,450 3.9 $1,800 2.2 $1,519 1.9 $1,309 2.2 1937-38 $1,892 $2,357 CO 1 L- i ! • 1 1 $1,491 00 i N ' ^ ! Principals 1945-46 © $3,603 21.0 IN • i CO 1 as 1 $2,867 $1,971 O i r- i 00 ■ 00 '< Supervisors 1945-46 $3,358 36.9 $3,951 23.4 $3,396 39.3 05 CO CO • L- »-h . • lO r-l CO* ■f) CO • LO Tt< ci $1,941 7.4 05 -idd 1938 » 1.7 r-iddd Local sources Total 1946 © u 64.4 66.1 61.7 54.1 1938 71.8 73.8 74.3 72.1 61.0 From non-resident tuition and transfers 1946 13 fi CO os © CO © l-H lO 1938 co>o© »o From taxation for debt service so rr o a ec HMNOO ^ 1C CC ^ X C5 © os 00* ddood From taxation and municipal appropriations for current expense s os £ 01510 0 ooodd 1938 00 61.5 64.4 62.4 61.3 49.0 County government 1946 5.8 NOO!® caoodoo 1938 © d OMOiO Hcicis State govern¬ ment, including Federal aid for vocational education 1946 U5 £ 24.0 23.3 24.5 33.7 1938 23.0 d © d oo OKMOICS Federal Government 1946 w 1.9 >0 50 00 CO J C4 Hri 1938 0* M •^ONC) Population group 1* All groups combined _ Group I _ Group II _ - Group III _ _ _ Group IV _ CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 total expenditure, while the item of interest on school indebtedness was 2.5 percent, and the proportion used for debt service payments was 8.8 percent. TABLE XI.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF CURRENT EXPENDITURES AND OF TOTAL EXPENDITURES OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1945-46 Item All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 Current expenditures _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 General control _ 3.8 3.2 3.3 4.2 5.6 Instruction : Day schools (full-time) _ _ 72.4 72.3 73.6 72.7 70.9 Part-time (night and summer) _ 1.1 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.3 Operation _ _ _ _ _ 11.5 11.1 10.4 12.0 12.1 Maintenance.. _ _ . _ 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.1 3.9 Auxiliary services: Allocable to pupil cost _ 2.9 2.2 2.5 3.3 4.9 Nonallocable to schools _ .6 .7 .6 . 5 .3 Fixed charges: Allocable to pupil cost _ 3.5 5.1 1.7 1.8 2.2 Nonallocable to pupil cost. - .. .4 .3 .7 .6 .4 Total expenditures _ - - _ . .- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expense _ _ _ 85.9 84.4 87.4 87.2 87.8 Capital outlay. - _ _ _ 2.8 2.0 3.0 3.4 4.7 Interest _ .. - - _ - 2.5 3.0 2.3 2.3 1.8 Expenditure for debt service. _ 8.8 10.6 7.3 7.1 5.7 Current Expenditure Per Pupil The total current expenditure per full-time day public-school pupil in average daily attendance reported for the Nation in 1945—46 was $136.41, or $14.24 less than the average amount per pupil expended by the city school systems over the country ($150.65). During the depth of the depression, in 1933—34, the current ex¬ penditure per full-time day school pupil in average daily attendance TABLE XII. — ANNUAL CURRENT EXPENSE PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1927-28 TO 1945-46 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 3 4 5 6 1927-28 _ $ 97.11 $114.20 $ 94.97 $ 82.82 $ 75.69 1929-30 _ 100.95 119.17 98.03 85.75 79.02 1931-32 _ 98.00 114.86 97.02 82.04 73.09 1933-34 _ 83.81 99.56 83.35 69.10 63.55 1935-36 _ 91.36 106.82 89.67 75.82 68.10 1937-38 . - _ _ 101.60 119.50 98.72 84.69 75.23 1939-40 _ 106.63 127.22 101.80 87.32 80.00 1945-46 i . . 150.65 171.92 150.78 131.49 123.60 1 No data on annual current expense compiled for the bienniums 1941-42 and 1943-44. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 for all city school systems of 2,500 population and more was $83.81, as compared with $106.63 per pupil in 1939—40, or with $150.65 per pupil in 1945—46. Thus from 1933—34 the current expenditure per pupil has increased $66.84, or 79.8 percent (table XII). Relatively, between 1933-34 and 1945-46, of the four groups of cities, the smallest school systems (Group IV, 2,500 to 9,999 popula¬ tion) had the largest average increase per pupil in total current ex¬ penditure, 94.5 percent compared to 90.3 percent for Group III; 70.7 percent in Group II; and 72.7 percent in Group I city school systems. In actual dollar amounts, Group I city school systems had the largest average increase in this current expenditure, $72.36 per pupil. Value of School Property The value of school property per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance, for all city groups combined in 1945—46, was $555 as compared to $474 in 1939-40 and $375 per pupil in 1927-28 (table XIII). The total amount of school property values reported was $5,825,532,000 for all cities, of which $2,860,778,000, or nearly half of the total repre¬ sented the value of the 89 large plants in Group I city school systems; $1,026,678,000, or 17.6 percent, covered school plant values in the 254 cities of Group II; $995,432,000, or 17.1 percent, for Group III city school plants; and $942,644,000, or 16.2 percent of the total reported for, Group IV cities (table 1). The value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance reported for the public schools of the Nation, city and rural, in 1945—46 was $351, or 58 percent less per pupil than that computed as the average amount of $555 for the city school pupil. TABLE XIII. — VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTIES PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN CITY SYSTEMS, BY POPULA¬ TION GROUP, 1927-28 TO 1945-46 Year All groups combined Group I Group II Group III Group IV • 2 3 4 5 6 1927-28 _ $375 $393 $399 $377 $320 1929-30 _ 399 428 419 390 333 1931-32 _ 409 445 437 338 319 1933-34 _ 409 455 438 378 314 1935—36 _ 417 460 440 385 313 1937-38 _ 440 486 480 401 331 1939-40 _ _ 474 539 485 430 355 1945-46 i . . . . 555 657 601 529 501 No data on school properties compiled for the bienniums 1941-42 and 1943-44. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 Bonded Indebtedness of City School Districts The amount of school bonds outstanding, less school sinking funds, was considerably smaller in 1945-46, for each of the Groups of I, II, and III city school systems than for any year recorded since 1927-28. Correspondingly, this was true of the amount of bonds outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance in each of the three groups. In the period since 1927—28, the largest amount of outstanding bonded indebtedness per pupil, $226.41, was reported in the 1941-42 school year for the Group I city school systems. For 1945-46, this amount had been reduced to $95.36, or by $131.05 per pupil, a drop of 57.9 percent in 4 years. The Group II city school systems in 1931—32 recorded their highest amount of outstanding bonds, $203.25 per pupil, as compared with $115.63 in 1945-46; the Group III cities reached the peak for this item in 1929-30 at $165.71 per pupil, and this was reduced pro¬ gressively to a per pupil amount of $96.23 in outstanding bonds by 1945-46. For the three groups combined, the total amount of the out¬ standing bonds, less amoimt in school sinking funds, was $958,442,000, or $94.48 per pupil in average daily attendance. This total amount in 1945—46 represented a 54.1 percent reduction over the amount recorded in 1931-32, which represented the high spot in amount of outstand¬ ing indebtedness for the three groups of city school systems combined for the 18-year period (table XIV). Summer Schools Although the importance of the tuition-free summer school as a function of the city school system diminished greatly in terms of numbers, personnel employed, and enrolled pupils as reported to this Office during the 1930-40 decade, a reversal in trend is indicated by the 1945—46 statistics. As shown by table XV, the year 1937-38, with 135 systems reporting, was the low point for this type of school over an 18-year period. Compared with the 1937—38 reports, the systems with summer schools in 1945—46 had increased to 173 in number, or by 28 percent, and showed increases of 47.5 percent in number of instruc¬ tional and supervisory personnel, of 103 percent in enrollments, and of 167 percent in the expenditures for their maintenance. This repre¬ sents a considerable upturn over the depression years, and may presage a restoration of the summer schools to their status prior to the de¬ pression slump. The Group II cities (population 30,000 to 99,999) reported 55 with summer schools in 1945-46, the largest number for any group. In these schools there were 42 pupils enrolled to a teacher, at a cost per pupil of $8.43. The comparable data for the other groups of cities were as TABLE XIV. — BONDS OUTSTANDING IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, LESS AMOUNT IN SINKING FUND, BY POPULATION GROUP, 1927-28 TO 1945-46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 16 Group IV Per pupil in average daily attendance 11 CO coc© NOON N00O coeoeo i— I 00 oco t-CO ■>tfC0 TflCO ION Tjl CO C5 IN COtJI (NHOlOH lO • •!> • IN Tfl-HCOt- -INN -00 05 I- 05 I 05 05.2 2 * 0 a o p° CO 050 IN O COCO OOOCOIO 0--1-H- Tji IN N- CO tJI -COIN -00 05 CO 00 eoior- IN Tfi 05 00 IN 00 050 (N • -CO • NTfOOOCO -N N CO lOHO^N ftOH g.s 0. ge2 o o' a o o 10 05 iO o IN CO COOOi-iINCO 00 T)llO r- co coco 05 CO 00 05 >>2 o a) £ ooo N- 00 00 ooV 1-1 CO 00 CO eo'eo" OO Tf O Hlj< co oo coco OH CDC5COOCO CO • • N- • IO i—i 00 CD -ININ -00 05 IO s ®-" m ■ix&'o. 4) S £.2 = CQO « oJ2 03.2 S >?>.& ® I. n >,gj .t 3 S o m ft ooo 03 u .. |££8§-S >73 OOO^ ffl h In . , O ^ ^ ts« gill I a >303 £ =3 rT y Q. ® Q M cJ-g S oJ2 a) §p b£ = c3 £ ® C 3 > c.S oi T3 ■£ .£§§. - *. o I CO S-. ft'E 2^^ ® .,0,0.0 ?sgs ! 3 3 3 J 5vg 5 0.3 !fflO a 2" .3 2 8 si >5 2 2 « 5 >> 33 » ft “ s M ® Cj «««««*- a>«»-. © -ooo o'g-.s O Da m t- la U n M®SS oJS I® » “ ®t O, .“■e-s-s § ££ fc-s > 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 o m CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 TABLE 1 — Continued 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 © i s]> 05 C*"- 3* §• o 3 o S |o IN & £ 8 oO r* & 05 05 I 05 | 8JH ©■g ~ ©12 g|o 8 & O-H &J& 111 cor^ o© ro IN CO 00© —< CO ©©co CO © 00 ©coin ©-T© N©rH ©r^© ©IN© co oo© b- b- © © ©' © O©00 o©t^ COtP© ©©o t- © © ©00 IN ©oo co r^©© b-©IN 00 b- "P ©N^h © © © © o lO r^cort -h o IN© ©© i-i© IN© © -H 00 -P IN 00 COCO IN© co ft ©oo i oo co r >IN©< • © co < > © oo < 5 © © C M> b~ I Tp©©• CO (N CO eoi-- ©CO > V ‘S S § S c c £ So > 2= c o * o #o„ ■J3 C Z -s'ES w _ S M fl 9 c. " 10 .2 ®_o o Tco-o 5-1 ! •sisi c u QJ & .§•3 £ " 8 o o o _ 33 3 ^3 3T3 hfflW »e ice of plant (repairs and replace] CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 ills s I I F. S® 1 1 lls sISI 111 iss 11 lags 1 1 1 |2 a- 1 S 922 $-59 8®« 5 O OC-OO MNMO O MO O O Tf o - C* ^ 1111 1 1 ss 3 i lii ins in in ii sill 1 3 § r r S E ISS mM 111 sis § NNMH Tji t“* 1 ** 1 OS O 00* M SO (M M JO CO g M C g 2223 1 1 1 38 1” 1 8 ESI Sill SS2 111 is 8388 1 § 2 , J-30 s 8 I s Isl ill! 82s ill 8 WNHH ^ H s' 3 1 00 KJiOfC O* — < M GO -*< O <-■ O 00 O - *« S " 8 ll§§ 1 § 1 OO MO 8 1 S3S 2S8B 181 III 11 BSiS 2 g 2 U5 O® t^- h« i-« o S' § SSI ilSs ill SSs S b- CO CO iO to rH i © i-T 3 r* 9 §§2 8*3 | ci 8118 2 3 s |S gS i 1 Sis ISIS 222 US 12 iiii 3 i w s f 1“ i t sis' 8388 328 812 S OM^j’o5 © CD s O (N 8 9 322 5-3™ §§S |2S | — ' iO i i I! ■3 = a a J llsliflil I o 5 includes 3M5,744,925 reported by Chicago, Ill., as amount of short-term loans contracted in a previous fiscal year and TABLE 2-SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL, AND ATTENDANCE DATA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEMS, IN CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION, BY STATE, 1945-46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 24 o fc § COtJ<»-icO© C3 iT *3 >0 as 4, bc-S b- Tfl ® © ©CO oo©© © 00© © © © ©© o© ©ON'*-'* M®M©b- OONNH® ’fOM © CC © 1-1 CO 00 b- 00 © © © H ©•^N ■OIOOOO'*^ l> © — I b- ^©OOOb- ©IN ■ oo co ■ 00©' nh®n« ®N t^r^otx .a ® i „ W> >,"0 ® ^ C o a ®!=S -2 S Pl, 93 85 N © — ' © © ©©©©CO © © © © N ©eo^ ^t^eotpoo ©— ico©oo Tt< © Tf< o I (N (N 00- 1> ©©©•<£© «200®h © (N 1-3 © © N ' N © ©NN©Tf ©* ox © © 00 CC © T)I ©©©ON -r >o © t- © © CO © IN © NNO-ti-b ©^©coo _ _ _ 1-1— in©© NCO.- i©N N©©©© ©HifNO © N N N N © t> —I CO HHNOl ) 00 © -*©©©© © © — i © b- © 00 b- W © i — i N © © — 00 © ® -b © O •<*< © © © — I © © HHN ©©©—I ©t^©— I© rH CC .2 n a pl -3 ■s* 5.2 >>§•« o s o t* © a [_I 3 ® Ci co a & "3 ■** s ®5 !-a o i g-o 3.2 a 33.2 «s Sgisg .2 ® o a. a. 2 c : a a /boo-s _ _ _'3'o o'® 2 ? a © ® ® **; *‘3. . 8fS I J 3 i-Str gJSSS 5 S gj5£ .9 ® ® ® <2 i2aPL3iaa *2 ® ® < CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 >0000 OOONI 0*0 00 00 ©■*1Oa ^t-COt^© (OONffiN -©C0-«1< TtHOCO-^O v—* 05 05 CO IffitOH © oo © n © *0 0*00 OOtDiO'f t^iO©© t'-©©Tt-< tj*©©>-Ht^>O00 o*ocot^ nVooo'oo ©VioVoo* © N 05 i-Tof ©f^t HlflO ©OO'J'N© ©©© -i©I-~00 00 © 00 h- oo©oco MNHTfiN HOrtTt -l N © © CO N © h © © 00©r^CO© NNTf MCO ©©IN© ©NfflNN t^00©<-H© CO©^* CO ^HfflH ©t^O©CO NOOMN tJ<©00©00 ©HMN -HOO©CO© ©©OOCO© ©O©— i© ©NOO-O* HHH T-l © N 00 IN *-'>-'© eo** IN CO © © ©OOrHCO-^ © CO © IN IN CO © © • eo©©--it^ (" N co i-H n ^ n eoootx HH »H .-I d "J* *i< © -<©CO HCON^H 00©00© .S 3 o 3 ® OOQ S fc-E-g o ® ® o o. C3-0.S — o 4 > 00 cl 3 0 = 2 a 2. g 33 I § 83 B '3=1 ®®oo^ g®S43® Xtt'zo OOPntfcn c»H£hP> >£££ 05 m &<= 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 WOOOC5CO lOCNrtO Tfooo—iO CCTJ< <-H H®!D oo 05 oo co OS CO HO C5 <0 tfjWoT i oo ^*o« cj r^-HOioo’ 1005 |-<1' <— < OiO 00C5i-HOJTj<< x co © co © © © CO ■>*©•■* C C IfJl ^^|:s •Reg S e p »-d OOCO CM U>© TH OOCOI>© ©©CM © ©if .-H© t-» »-i 00 © »-h ifift'- © © © CM CO t^©© ©OOCMOI^ ©©© i-H r-T CM* 00* r-T *-< ©00 if co ©-«f 00© if o ©00 00©r-< if CO© eoi-t© © *— I © tll-lco © OCO ©i-f CM I-H© 00 i>eo 00 © CM i—i 00 00 00©© © <-l If © 1 CO CM i-H CO 00 © CO *-l CM Is* © CM © ©©X©© © if rH .-h O © © t> if COOO©©r"< CO©t>»©CO N«NCi^< gt^.©©CM ©C-I-If-© ©CM©* © co cm 00 CM O CM 00 00O©rH 0000">f©® 0OM 00 if CM © 00 Tf ©t~©© ©©©©o ©©CM©© 00CM©I>00 ©COO©© CO t- >0 H CO 00 © CM fi © .-f©00i-f © 00©>-iif ^ ) © CO I-H )if CO© >©00© N- CO tl © © © >© CO CM CO < ©CO ON if© ©00 © coco © ©© © © © © 00 if ( © © If 1-1 «f . coco© ©©< ©t^lf ©if if CM © © CM 00©-4© 3NONN lIscOh _ 0X^0© 33 © --w O — 1 r« -p 3- hNM«' 3^00' MOOiCI U5 05XNN ■* X O © X © 33 3- X © h © ©XNON 33 •— I © 3- >— ( hwhXN X^tP33X X©XO© 33 © © X wp -* © wp XhXN hC30r-0 X © O wf 33 HH ONtCX ©f^XOX © © © © © 33 33 © X3N© 3- i P 33 © © 33 33 33©© X©©© C3H00N© ©NXHO © © X — -h X © O X* 00 ©r -T O* 33* H h -©* ^* X* 33* ©* ^P* 33* ©* X* O* —i TP © wP 33 CC-<'t33X © -p X O X © 33 X wW © 33 O O 33 © © 3333 ©OO X © o X©© O 3- © © © iCNOCO 33 — — > O © 33* ©*0*33* 33* ©O^N XNOO X© TP -< - „ £-3 x -r ss ej ® oQQ *>*AA * ® ® O O jo a 5 2^ J ~ C 5303 a SCX53U 0 ® ® tj ® o ■ j 3-a a CS.2 >. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4— PERSONNEL, ATTENDANCE, AND FISCAL DATA FOR Group I — Cities of 100,000 Personnel and attendance City 2 Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average Aggregate days attended o GO V <3 a 3 GQ Principals Men Women Boys Girls daily attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Continental United States _ 1,757 7,113 31,679 132,380 2,674,170 2,621,275 4,357,560 800,849,817 2 Alabama _ 9 47 156 1,229 24,845 25,847 41,744 7,517,604 3 Birmingham _ 9 47 156 1,229 24,845 25,847 41,744 7,517,604 4 California . . .. 196 835 3,249 13,247 295,918 286,142 439,879 81,512,306 5 Long Beach _ 24 41 230 937 21,685 20,831 30,461 5,422,131 6 Los Angeles _ _ — 97 488 1,852 7,487 170,634 165,356 253,674 48,192,185 7 Oakland _ IE 8C 354 1,291 29,309 29,046 42,543 7,530,290 8 Sacramento _ 12 31 138 489 10,288 10,554 16,041 2,759,067 S San Diego _ . — 14 57 196 920 22,101 21,698 36,141 61,019 6,646,217 10 San Francisco _ 30 138 479 2,123 41,901 38,657 10,962,416 11 Colorado _ 20 84 283 1,129 27,114 26,922 41,613 7,415,862 12 Denver _ _ 20 84 283 1,129 27,114 26,922 41,613 7,415,862 13 Connecticut. . 28 116 372 2,010 31,200 31,485 54,194 9,751,677 14 Bridgeport _ _ 14 49 90 619 10,009 10,290 17,625 3,174,445 15 Hartford _ 7 23 142 650 10,520 10,523 17,649 3,176,820 16 New Haven _ _ 7 44 140 741 10,671 10,672 18,920 3,400,412 17 Delaware _ _ 12 20 78 435 7,445 7,230 12,153 ST 2,247,582 18 Wilmington _ 12 20 78 435 7,445 7,230 12,153 2,247,582 19 District of Columbia. 36 163 511 2,774 47,209 48,493 79,095 14,028,068 20 Washington _ 36 163 511 2,774 47,209 48,493 79,095 14,028,068 21 Georgia _ 9 63 239 1,056 25,531 26,510 42,459 7,855,068 22 Atlanta _ 9 63 239 1,056 25,531 26,510 42,459 7,855,068 23 Illinois . . 162 386 2,011 10,557 212,980 204,091 342,225 68,388,607 24 Chicago _ 149 359 1,884 10,076 204,711 195,879 328,483 65,696,520 25 Peoria _ _ _ _ 13 27 127 481 8,269 8,212 13,742 2,692,087 26 Indiana . . . 52 176 766 2,820 55,142 55,165 92,814 16,950,013 27 Fort Wayne _ 7 22 132 413 8,048 7,981 13,478 2,451,791 28 Gary . . . 12 20 99 536 10,079 10,307 17,585 3,282,402 29 Indianapolis _ 26 110 400 1,508 29,183 29,365 48,834 8,981,230 30 South Bend _ 7 24 135 363 7,832 7,512 12,917 2,234,590 31 Iowa _ 12 32 130 748 15,158 14,884 24,310 4,314,837 32 Des Moines _ 12 32 130 748 15,158 14,884 24,310 4,314,837 33 Kansas _ _ 16 81 203 1,088 24,115 22,436 39,173 6,896,161 34 Kansas City _ 8 33 102 481 11,500 11,362 19,184 3,338,016 35 Wichita _ 8 48 101 607 12,615 11,074 19,989 3,558,145 36 Kentucky _ 11 62 259 1,159 22,080 22,151 35,104 6,494,203 37 Louisville _ 11 62 259 1,159 22,080 22,151 35,104 6,494,203 38 Louisiana _ 27 89 268 1,417 29,502 30,181 43,903 8,034,249 39 New Orleans _ 27 89 268 1,417 29,502 30,181 43,903 8,034,249 40 Maryland _ 55 125 578 2,665 57,605 56,719 90,565 17,116,990 41 Baltimore _ 55 125 578 2,665 57,605 56,719 90,565 17,116,990 42 Massachusetts _ 113 300 1,541 5,742 99,968 96,697 173,057 30,621,719 43 Boston _ 46 107 791 2,463 46,620 46,203 82,594 14,288,762 44 Cambridge _ 11 21 147 368 6,131 5,704 9,836 1,731,136 45 Fall River _ _ 12 22 53 390 5,831 5,370 9,781 1,776,557 46 Lowell _ 14 54 326 4,430 4,452 7,602 1,320,345 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 PUBLIC-SCHOOL SYSTEMS, BY STATE AND BY CITY, 1945-46 Population and More Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ • 6,941,329 30,058,189 480,696,665 15,110,033 4,665,285 12,958,554 746,513,033 17,621,898 472,487 1 31,336 142,558 2,438,234 50,854 22,012 26,492 3,316,129 11,202 11,570 2 31,336 142,558 2,438,234 50,854 22,012 26,492 3,316,129 11,202 11,570 3 701 , 109 3,648,467 48,567,066 2,408,294 363,201 2,292,774 79,124,870 4,538,454 93,182 4 86,2-12 166,521 3,407,928 285.904 14,429 196,290 5,594,495 1,196,556 13,208 5 322,322 2,075,111 27,000,859 1,369,814 183,114 976,913 44,192,588 2,053,648 45,352 6 79,800 425,000 4,688,250 188,000 15,775 574,446 7,518,941 31u,409 21,847 7 48,148 140,084 1,816,568 98,946 12,144 100,831 2,974,019 25,694 3,910 8 60,277 248,248 3,592,668 242,239 57,208 151,462 6,043,545 437,029 1,725 9 104,320 593,503 8,060,793 223,391 80,531 292,832 12,801,282 515,118 7,140 10 78,702 324,306 3,653,897 148,035 17,990 148,246 5,690,068 68,087 2,873 11 78,702 324,306 3,653,897 148,035 17,990 148,246 5,690,068 68,087 2,873 12 130,410 452,944 6,358,861 168,857 59,514 144,463 9,526,961 28,438 1,607 13 38,372 164,360 1,836,145 18,167 15,181 42,606 2,513,864 21,623 1,607 14 37,598 136,386 2,474,056 123,850 19,865 62,001 3,905,965 3,815 15 54,440 152,198 2,048,660 26,840 24,468 39,856 3,107,132 3,000 16 54,846 82,016 1,316,986 40,524 22,735 43,889 1,968,693 7,959 60 17 54,846 82,016 1,316,986 40,524 22,735 43,889 1,968,693 7,959 60 18 150,704 619,376 8,632,607 194,253 116,490 287,676 14,009,176 298,152 19 150,704 619,376 8,632,607 194,253 116,490 287,676 14,009, a 76 298,152 — 20 35,450 250,371 3,238,775 113,841 5,023 28,130 4,548,368 187,751 2,353 21 35,450 250,371 3,238,775 113,841 5,023 28,130 4,548,368 187,751 2,353 22 850,707 1,805,135 38,640,567 1,721,421 908,134 1,175,580 64,334,441 3,772,319 17,740 23 820.096 1,691,249 37,187,239 1,696,988 908,134 1,105,614 62,039,991 3,683,280 17,340 24 30,611 113,886 1,453,328 24,433 69,966 2,294,450 89,039 400 25 197,591 680,688 9,701,485 214,989 454,199 14,777,927 505,731 9,933 26 30,650 89,468 1,557,505 31,434 52,419 2,219,756 51,440 537 27 32,692 85,804 1,626,227 75,751 72,646 2,498,003 283,877 2,598 28 115,449 418,178 5,173,540 77,649 291,771 7,952,979 139,432 6,440 29 18,800 87,238 1,344,213 30,155 37,363 2,107,189 30,982 358 30 46,601 110,436 1,970,018 38,566 19,197 111,782 3,439,919 131,921 5,400 31 46,601 110,436 1,970,018 38,566 19,197 111,782 3,439,919 131,921 5,400 32 60,323 279,620 2,822,773 14,577 113,235 4,427,114 28,531 3,381 33 26,805 128,311 1,183,692 14,577 23,222 1,908,063 6,389 1,710 34 33,518 151 , 309 1,639,081 90,013 2,519,051 22,142 1,671 35 52 , 059 227,909 3,436,029 85,898 115,088 5,000,317 29,637 36 52 , 059 227 , 909 3,436,029 85,898 115,088 5,000,317 29 , 637 37 98,510 283,020 3,939,217 68,916 77,235 5,855,064 74,878 6,849 38 98,510 283,020 3,939,217 68,916 77,235 5,855,064 74,878 6,849 39 194,459 477,092 8,205,576 98,684 104,452 328,029 12,947,377 603,018 17,994 40 194,459 477,092 8,205,576 98,684 104,452 328,029 12,947,377 603,018 17,994 41 393,666 1,190,673 20,610,836 350,192 190,428 618,345 31,698,171 51,298 3,791 42 199,030 556,194 10,921,227 239,861 65,861 343,952 17,081,411 2,071 43 38,500 100,800 1,281,729 12,390 15,717 30,611 1,913,496 4,775 553 44 34,116 65,728 982,608 14,762 5,197 16,487 1,527,266 7,438 10 45 38,227 844,209 10,754 16,422 16,306 1,214,838 25,413 46 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP I Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Massachusetts — continued 47 New Bedford _ 16 28 48 408 5,695 5,755 10,057 1,822,200 48 Somerville _ 7 11 131 405 8,158 7,146 12,193 2,156,296 49 Springfield - 13 29 118 595 9,865 9,755 16,473 3,014,559 50 Worcester - - 8 68 199 787 13,238 12,312 24,521 4,511,864 51 Michigan _ 76 434 2,021 6,468 159,687 153,079 263,517 48,956,466 52 Detroit _ 58 365 1,708 5,273 134,064 128,633 219,419 41,031,353 53 Flint.. - 9 41 157 678 14,755 13,547 24,849 4,423,122 54 Grand Rapids _ 9 28 156 517 10,868 10,899 19,249 3,501,991 55 Minnesota _ 37 167 637 3,062 60,235 59,044 102,681 18,056,895 56 Duluth _ 8 24 100 465 8,394 7,702 13,533 2,433,836 57 Minneapolis _ 18 80 386 1,763 33,369 33,236 58,333 10,091,623 58 St. Paul _ 11 63 151 834 18,472 18,106 30,815 5,531,436 59 Missouri . . 37 214 734 3,681 81,903 82,387 131,132 25,283,443 60 Kansas City. . . 19 96 310 1,497 30,867 30,204 49,126 9,825,312 61 St. Louis _ 18 118 424 2,184 51,036 52,183 82,006 15,458,131 62 Nebraska _ 10 50 121 888 17,809 17,368 28,903 5,029,122 63 Omaha _ 10 50 121 888 17,809 17,368 28,903 5,029,122 64 New Jersey _ 119 194 1,209 4,652 78,243 76,419 128,230 23,356,013 65 Camden _ 30 88 506 8,406 8,182 14,550 2,506,519 66 Elizabeth — - - 14 20 128 474 6,551 6,444 10,979 2,026,089 67 Jersey City _ 19 46 227 1,000 16,236 15,284 26,314 4,757,511 68 Newark _ 74 42 459 1,636 29,647 29,912 48,047 9,032,836 69 Paterson _ _ 7 29 145 608 9,701 8,980 15,663 2,827,192 70 Trenton _ 5 27 162 428 7,702 7,617 12,677 2,205,866 71 New York . . 184 1,462 7,948 28,313 548,878 533,936 893,896 161,840,717 72 Albany _ 19 20 66 478 6,880 6,427 10,755 1,955,982 73 Buffalo - - 18 100 569 2,318 38,094 35,266 62,055 10,985,952 74 New York _ 47 1,204 6,611 22,610 453,349 445,013 739,292 134,051,013 75 Rochester _ _ _ 34 45 368 1,034 18,575 17,582 30,165 5,509,700 76 Syracuse _ — 40 52 151 883 15,283 13,925 24,087 4,355,457 77 Utica _ 7 17 67 432 6,833 6,333 11,048 2,030,134 78 Yonkers _ 19 24 116 558 9,864 9,390 16,494 2,952,479 79 North Carolina _ 1 23 32 501 8,833 9,063 15,478 2,786,094 80 Charlotte - 1 23 32 501 8,833 9,063 15,478 2,786,094 81 Ohio _ 104 492 2,275 8,921 181,424 180,098 312,808 57,427,895 82 Akron _ — 5 54 222 1,030 21,646 21,788 36,934 6,758,975 83 Canton _ 5 26 131 446 8,841 8,431 15,420 2,791,287 84 Cincinnati _ 12 92 292 1,471 28,315 28,013 49,637 9,340,015 85 Cleveland . . 37 128 729 2,440 56,126 54,858 93,742 17,154,786 86 Columbus _ 11 62 301 1,070 22,076 22,209 37,173 6,977,325 87 Dayton _ 5 47 205 865 15,649 15,920 27,795 4,953,185 88 Toledo _ _ _ _ 16 48 198 941 17,721 17,239 31,149 5,637,987 89 Youngstown _ 13 35 197 658 11,050 11,640 20,958 3,814,335 90 Oklahoma.. . . 25 122 267 1,859 35,363 34,901 61,748 10,812,883 91 Oklahoma City - - 12 80 143 1,074 18,381 18,138 34,349 6,045,521 92 Tulsa _ _ 13 42 124 785 16,982 16,763 27,399 4,767,362 93 Oregon . . . 16 79 254 1,473 28,365 28,368 43,826 7,932,490 94 Portland _ 16 79 254 1,473 28,365 28,368 43,826 7,932,490 95 Pennsylvania _ 221 386 2,511 8,477 182,195 178,237 294,180 55,616,638 96 Erie _ 9 19 101 456 8,107 8,043 13,802 2,608,637 97 Philadelphia _ 141 226 1,696 5,290 121,832 118,865 188,527 34,912,426 98 Pittsburgh _ 44 99 525 1,855 36,705 36,414 64,503 12,900,600 99 Reading _ 13 11 124 373 7,533 7,100 13,125 2,506,897 100 Scranton _ 14 31 65 503 8,018 7,815 14,223 2,688,078 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 — Continued CtJBRENT EXPENDITURES FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total ^ current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 37,859 93,200 970,892 8,044 14,468 16,168 1,457,834 9,177 112 21,366 47,350 1,198,478 11,306 15,323 27,523 1,704,887 368 35,750 92,394 2,061,551 17,463 116,907 3,342,170 . 3^698 677 27,045 196,780 2,350,142 53,075 39,977 50,391 3,456,269 797 283,360 1,961,157 27,598,827 811,107 160,470 549,743 42,781,603 1,421,992 1,972 215,232 1,718,501 23,936,674 706,899 126,900 435,817 36,876,667 1,405,264 34 , 953 147,235 1,969,957 62,193 22,590 32,055 3,267,033 15,005 1^902 33,175 95,421 1,692,196 42,015 10,980 81,871 2,637,903 1,723 70 144,503 647,383 9,743,692 352,790 83,175 247,572 15,543,707 101,529 19,870 24,701 83,458 1,363,160 37,566 17,692 45,229 2,155,541 30,029 891 69,769 351,227 5,923,618 263,774 65,483 148,729 9,550,593 71,500 10,094 50,033 212,698 2,456,914 51,450 53,614 3,837,573 8,885 168,733 803,589 11,310,023 255,116 355,426 338,728 19,809,017 396,117 13,106 89,306 277,740 4,124,163 120,013 108,590 156,256 7,191,762 25,404 11,861 79,427 525,849 7,185,860 135,103 246,836 182,472 12,617,255 370,713 1,245 33,189 168,725 2,336,091 46,801 19,020 35,910 3,469,712 185,192 6,315 33,189 168,725 2,336,091 46,801 19,020 35,910 3,469,712 185,192 6,315 527,688 946,200 17,823,633 589,273 210,412 554,286 29,218,817 177,800 35,712 86 , 797 1,213,627 34,910 24,512 117,973 2,119,494 2,492 54,622 88,952 1,641,063 74,910 26,203 46,460 2,540,836 25,232 3,702 93,913 261,675 4,085,553 158,392 45,648 94,316 7,342,718 2.6S7 7,549 330,850 263,107 7,115,377 213,668 72,228 216,832 11,589,207 138,923 13,087 22,880 117,899 2,005,390 42,945 24,526 37,519 2,949,979 3,759 25,423 127,770 1,762,623 64,448 17,295 41,186 2,676,583 10,958 5,123 797,358 6,927,113 131,738,835 4,075,004 713,514 2,217,132 196,309,843 1,580,251 23,371 55,396 85,288 1,356,254 12,984 12,888 25,314 2,064,603 14,563 3,257 68,302 388,689 7,142,685 159,501 58,323 123,307 11,587,812 79,800 3,261 284,709 5,854,981 113,453,007 3,608,184 607,781 1,896,964 166,985,100 1,338,202 133,228 215,687 4,044,290 160,178 58,143 6,626,020 100,624 9,649 162,280 202,593 2,359,808 43,096 15,186 66,164 4,004,583 12,177 1,529 32,165 56,900 1,166,514 22,121 4,619 21,514 1,768,157 10,422 965 61,278 122,975 2,216,277 68,940 14,717 25,726 3,273,568 24,463 5,310 2,445 76,620 1,016,557 13,933 13,572 1,324,880 86,633 1,630 2,445 76,620 1,016,557 13,933 13,572 1,324,880 86,633 1,630 401,096 2,189,517 31,320,718 817,117 437,370 751,898 49,254,088 1,495,132 35,184 19,979 199,252 3,232,565 101,678 60,341 68,227 4,875,202 129,955 2,004 19,919 91,379 1,372,647 15,136 22,467 43,870 2,154,727 7,384 3,503 52,760 375,628 5,667,998 164,922 96,080 127,145 8,731,293 342,783 10,534 166,348 758,106 9,436,086 329,113 102 , 168 249,874 15,843,955 752,129 4,069 28,925 268,138 3,576,114 31,783 64,247 72,456 5,401,110 54,701 3,210 16,942 178,057 2,776,238 41,898 25,718 55,251 4,305,256 52,499 2,171 52,713 195,089 3,020,102 89,642 37,367 74,311 4,660,848 28,134 8,908 43,510 123,868 2,238,968 42,945 28,982 60,764 3,281,697 127,547 785 85,182 431,597 4,761,556 149,949 156,077 7,016,153 121,736 11,247 38,938 257,451 2,569,901 50,631 68,189 3,669,248 17,752 3,839 46,244 174,146 2,191,655 99,318 87,888 3,346,905 103,984 7,408 75,560 347,686 4,268,946 „ 107,269 81,787 116,591 6,819,835 113,914 984 75,560 347,686 4,268,946 9 107,269 81,787 116,591 6,819,835 113,914 984 722,100 1,653,747 29,908,466 996,158 358,812 805,113 47,503,948 479,310 79,307 45,723 75,012 1,300,126 38,239 * 20,000 47,908 2,302,209 22,502 3,158 433,580 995,192 19,265,297 673,056 211,973 373,380 29,570,618 351,679 50,703 163,061 439,613 6,737,465 235,214 69,900 294,239 11,424,301 86,110 15,547 43,354 45,846 1,264,619 31,486 29,197 52,659 2,071,314 10,992 4,929 36,382 98,084 1,341,059 18,163 27,742 36,927 2,135,506 8,027 4,970 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP I Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 g 7 8 9 101 Rhode Island _ 13 52 212 940 16,024 15,204 25,926 4,666,680 102 Providence _ . _ 13 52 212 940 16,024 15,204 25,926 4,666,680 103 Tennessee _ _ . 24 177 340 2,967 57,182 58,703 97,706 17,207,205 104 Chattanooga. . . .... 7 38 72 628 11,070 11,092 18,586 3,272,077 105 Knoxville _ _ _ _ 9 41 76 580 11,044 10,877 18,088 3,219,714 106 Memphis _ _ . . . 52 94 1,080 22,472 23 , 860 38,305 6,894, 900 107 Nashville _ ... . .. .. 8 46 98 679 12,596 12,874 22,727 3,820,514 108 Texas _ _ _ 31 286 976 5,286 105,520 104,231 180,367 32,031,354 109 Dallas _ — - 11 51 249 1,473 28,433 28,037 44,815 7,842,620 110 Fort Worth. . . _ 11 74 246 979 17,320 17,050 28,927 5,104,401 111 Houston . _ _ _ _ 6 100 350 1,726 37,462 37,756 70,763 12,737,340 112 San Antonio.. . _ 3 61 131 1,108 22,305 21,388 35,862 6,346,993 113 Utah. . _ 11 40 159 767 16,867 16,393 28,051 4,965,027 114 Salt Lake City _ _ _ _ 11 40 159 767 16,867 16,393 28,051 4,965,027 115 Virginia _ _ 27 92 189 1,756 27,471 27,578 46,656 8,398,047 116 Norfolk _ 16 40 67 779 11,750 11,792 20,456 3,681,980 117 Richmond _ _ _ 11 52 122 977 15,721 15,786 26,200 4,716,067 118 Washington _ 46 169 585 2,564 54,475 53,222 86,186 15,437,397 119 Seattle _ — . . - - 31 89 351 1,506 32,464 31,290 51,005 9,050,644 120 Spokane _ _ . _ 9 45 122 545 10,842 11,022 17,989 3,291,987 121 Tacoma _ 6 35 112 513 11,169 10,910 17-.192 3,094,766 122 Wisconsin _ _ 17 95 565 1,729 37,884 38,091 63,981 11,900,505 123 Milwaukee _ . _ 17 95 565 1,729 37,884 38,091 63,981 11,900,505 Group II — Cities of 30,000 1 Continental United States _ 1,154 3,154 12,997 57,600 1,011,248 1,000,488 1,707,158 309,400,458 2 Alabama _ 3 11 21 210 3,939 3,958 7,473 1,315,288 3 Gadsden _ _ . 3 11 21 210 3,939 3,958 7,473 1,315,288 4 Arizona. . . 12 42 266 803 18,273 17,708 27,653 4,676,854 5 Phoenix: Elementary District _ 9 18 39 351 6,927 6,779 10,444 1,702,515 6 High-School District _ 4 110 111 3,499 7,847 3,636 7,293 5,709 1,004, 784 1 , 969 , 555 7 Tucson . _ _ _ 3 20 117 341 11,500 8 Arkansas _ 4 35 61 593 8,830 8,474 13,582 2,387,973 9 -Fort Smith _ 1 8 27 185 3,758 3,783 5,877 1,031,893 10 Little Rock _ _ 3 27 34 408 5,072 4,691 7,705 1,356,080 11 California _ 89 339 1,338 4,917 99,241 97,466 159,334 28,056,296 12 Alameda3 _ _ 4 17 50 160 3 , 155 2,973 5,160 918,587 13 Alhambra _ _ _ _ 6 14 74 241 4,950 5,258 8,235 1,461,379 14 Berkeley . . . 6 19 61 352 6,258 6,228 10,574 1,829,302 15 Burbank _ _ _ 4 13 68 308 5,106 5,264 9,191 1,635,998 16 Fresno _ _ _ 6 27 148 450 8,640 8,305 14,555 13,684 2,532,570 17 Glendale _ _ _ 4 34 90 415 7,928 8,800 2,435,574 18 Inglewood: Elementary District _ 8 3 127 2,283 2,060 4,929 2,133 2,111 4,604 10,634 3,617 3,438 7,988 636,592 608,526 1,421,864 19 High-School District _ 2 55 75 20 Montebello _ _ 8 17 51 » 257 21 Pasadena _ 19 35 193 507 11,385 17,919 3,171,663 22 Riverside _ 4 17 86 236 5,982 4,642 7,757 1,360,974 23 San Bernardino _ _ 7 30 75 350 7,712 7,778 11,936 2,064,928 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total * current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 52,328 194,008 3,092,131 91,503 21,772 99,925 4,661,571 20,479 13,366 101 52,328 194,008 3,092,131 91,503 21,772 99,925 4,661,571 20,479 13,366 102 59,258 536,223 6,229,596 97,132 46,004 189,622 8,856,297 260,237 6,825 103 19,548 114,467 1,111,799 31,008 6,500 23,026 1,540,284 104 23,103 114,933 1,380,071 27 , 248 42,677 2,003,134 31,067 105 167,990 2,281,552 26,148 26,084 38,792 3,136,412 136,780 6,825 106 16,507 138,833 1,456,174 12,728 13,420 85,127 2,176,467 92,390 107 116,056 967,338 13,995,610 369,782 43,408 190,426 19,120,822 325,668 32,793 108 35,629 174,736 3,493,878 89,679 27,303 56,121 4,756,793 144,267 6,268 109 51,710 249,579 2,547,082 69,363 12,597 80,863 3,719,538 67,807 5,816 110 18,403 332,662 5.334.671 130,482 1,200 6,999,261 21,792 13,811 111 10,314 210,361 2,619,979 80,258 2,308 53,442 3,645,230 91,802 6,898 112 52,894 140,090 2,093,112 47,578 58,670 100,233 3,209,066 27,372 3,761 113 52,894 140,090 2,093,112 47,578 58,670 100,233 3,209,066 27,372 3,761 114 92, 144 365,061 4 , 263 , 875 111, 585 48 , 862 105,000 6, 172,783 24 , 963 115 54 ! 348 163^605 l! 809; 163 47 ; 940 20 ! 996| 40 ! 533 2 ; 7 is ; ns 116 37,796 201,456 2,454,712 63,645 27,866 64,467 3,454,668 24,963 117 179,823 683,401 9,114,954 271,540 197,407 341,596 14,329,453 129,689 9,032 118 119,293 381,289 5,507,320 199,682 118,932 154,823 8,640,859 112,516 3,023 119 36,000 159,000 1,899,821 38,000 37,000 117,258 2,964,749 3,739 120 24,530 143,112 1,707,813 33,858 41,475 69,515 2,723,845 17,173 2,270 121 71,139 444,123 6,547,116 188,495 179,967 10,445,843 336,508 1.279 122 71,139 444,123 6,547,116 188,495 179,967 10,445,843 336,508 1,279 123 to 99,999 Population 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 3,918,523 11,010,148 164,102,673 3,970,979 1,839,468 6,857,875 257,366,061 8,915,426 231,489 1 7,098 29,699 349,327 5,105 475,027 14,537 2 7,098 29,699 349 , 327 5,105 475,027 14,537 3 34,134 165,160 2,699,083 62,704 1,517 107,448 4,031,934 390,582 6,163 4 24,764 63,612 981,782 13,529 37,393 1,520,218 93,308 561 5 25,778 655,481 28,198 38,653 1,002,848 83,355 5,027 6 9,370 75,770 1,061,820 20,977 1,517 31,402 1,508,868 213,919 575 7 16,500 92,446 1,059,238 43,210 40,517 1,598,843 16,692 1,906 8 2,000 23,824 329,149 15,826 22,367 497,883 9,621 513 9 14,500 68,622 730,089 27,384 18,150 1,100,960 7,071 1 , 393 10 430,624 1,317,416 16,920,275 782,138 136,408 1,346,323 28,452,256 2,452,111 29,840 11 10,700 56,600 558,315 10,140 81,367 933,352 151,927 808 12 30,502 60 , 655 821,459 54 , 824 7,561 41 , 153 1,380,882 16,303 1,249 13 30,030 79,340 1,211,317 66,215 6,299 68,586 2,048,079 43,578 868 14 20,000 52,0 942,414 13,560 13,742 130,014 1,522, 825 306,668 1,764 15 22,648 113,779 1,475,104 55,858 17,742 88,146 2,314,161 131,400 2,748 16 16,826 141,421 1, 8 ,903 77,840 14,170 66,572 2,426,738 114,051 5,416 17 22,410 270,092 13,060 3,872 32,076 454 , 388 72,253 90 18 9,400 398,967 35 , 563 7,371 35,193 694,740 288,919 2,319 19 24,666 68,898 670,716 39,122 5,904 45,453 1,115,929 602,008 2,868 20 155,923 147,839 2,026,861 156,292 12,319 175,336 4,271,811 99,494 1,825 21 6,000 59,560 792,6171 42,921 12,645 13,139 1,079,413 33,055 2,453 22 16,414 75,240 980,7631 43,226 10,690 55 , 334 1,721,748 104,605 571 23 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4.— GROUP II City Personnel and . attendance Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California — continued 24 San Jose _ _ _ 4 27 105 329 6,963 7,000 11,662 1,994,131 25 Santa Ana. _ _ _ _ 2 21 48 228 3,598 3,789 5,904 1,056,445 26 Santa Barbara _ _ _ 5 16 47 154 3,066 2,885 5,018 888,186 27 Santa Monica _ .. .. 5 17 116 265 5,843 5,606 7,775 1,407,275 28 Stockton _ ...... 5 25 68 463 9,383 9,456 14,921 2,632,302 29 Colorado _ _ . . i 34 105 496 9,156 9,168 16,082 2,879,447 80 14 49 182 3,444 3,387 6,364 1,145,559 Pueblo: 31 8 30 134 2,233 2,169 4,104 734 , 604 32 District No. 20 _ i 12 26 180 3,479 3,612 5,614 999,284 33 Connecticut _ _ .. 38 105 378 2,054 33,247 31,904 56,708 10,224,958 34 Bristol _ _ _ _ 2 10 20 165 2,491 2,641 4,521 813,780 35 Meriden _ _ _ 3 10 23 112 2,431 2,356 3,746 674,280 36 New Britain . . . 16 14 63 297 4,842 4,704 8,462 1,531,534 37 8 111 1,620 1,528 2,765 497,700 38 Norwalk _ _ 4 5 34 192 3,209 3,126 5,609 1,020,838 39 Norwich _ _ 3 3 1 122 1,682 1,558 2,881 518,580 40 Stamford _ . 4 17 92 326 4,917 4,839 8,572 1,542,960 41 Waterbury _ .... 2 25 83 407 6,658 5,971 10,865 1,954,080 42 West Hartford _ 1 12 44 154 2,794 2,793 4,806 860,259 43 West Haven _ _ 3 1 13 168 2,603 2,38S 4,481 810,947 44 Georgia _ 3 5 33 232 5,830 6,379 8,872 1,516,931 45 Columbus _ _ 3 5 33 232 5,830 6,379 8,872 1,516,931 46 Illinois _ 84 223 1,065 4,333 76,791 74,794 129,797 23,958,056 47 Alton _ 36 177 3,552 3,553 6,317 1,168,737 Aurora : 48 East Side _ 8 27 123 2,260 2,151 3,684 701 , 055 49 West Side _ _ _ 6 26 85 1,411 1,375 2,388 441,780 Berwyn : 50 Elementary Dist. No. 98. 4 56 769 761 1,354 251,822 51 Elementary Dist. No. 100 4 7 78 1,233 1,138 2,052 371,322 52 Bloomington. _ 6 11 21 143 2,216 2,293 3,574 661,322 Cicero: 53 Elementary District _ 5 8 10 184 2,347 2,196 4,335 823,827 54 High-School District _ 18 100 105 2,779 2,342 4,885 875,437 55 Danville _ . 13 42 21’ 3,409 3,288 5,566 1,046,500 56 Decatur. . _ _ 2 18 48 339 5,355 5,382 9,387 1,745,947 57 East St. Louis _ _ . . 10 17 84 311 6,921 7,003 11,684 2,266,383 58 Elgin _ 12 35 161 2,806 2,842 4,937 888,563 Evanston: 59 Elementary Dist. No. 75. 7 11 9 155 2,091 1,883 3,138 580,530 60 Elementary Dist. No. 76. 1 3 4 93 1,208 1,198 1,922 353,648 61 High-School Dist. No. 202 1 56 63 1,371 1,418 2,678 484,889 Joliet: 62 Elementary Dist. No. 86. 2 14 11 181 2,977 2,721 4,894 880,920 63 High-School District _ .. 2 75 68 1,897 1,581 3,166 585,833 May wood- Melrose Park: 64 Elementary District _ 3 8 5 99 1,714 1,629 2,791 516,335 65 High-School District _ 2 67 70 1,803 1,698 3,174 587,190 66 Moline _ 4 13 42 182 2,857 2,842 4,832 874,748 Oak Park: 67 Elementary District _ 7 9 10 194 2,213 2,212 3,796 709,853 68 High-School District _ 8 67 72 1,701 1,758 3,004 561,748 69 Quincy. _ . 6 10 45 139 2,654 2,656 4,529 828,854 701 Rockford _ 4 15 89 360 6,456 6,397 10,522 1,830,835 71 Rock Island _ 9 32 190 3,700 3,531 6,006 1,141,140 72 Springfield _ _ 18 64 326 5,939 5,931 9,922 1,805,800 Waukegan: 73 Elementary District _ 9 10 118 1,910 1,829 3,267 604,395 74 High-School District _ i 2 43 50 1,242 1,186 1,993 368,643 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 25,000 135,000 1,529,787 6,770 76; 521 610,759 33,695 7,967 24 , 000 65,000 623,059 20,359 73; 572 1,012,360 74,517 5,856 21,452 80,181 1,406,782 65,305 10,270 6,145 90,528 1,231,471 32,752 27,282 37,578 514,410 13,090 10,942 21,435 330,869 8,022 6,879 6,145 31,515 386,192 11,640 9,461 130,232 390,918 6,015,972 120,813 89,642 6,800 37,400 459,663 18,984 8,077 11,337 32,554 370,185 8,292 6,518 53,525 49,425 858,416 18,165 12,521 25,782 245,040 4,424 4,240 12,805 22,560 523,148 10,516 6,829 6,618 11,409 257,769 4,821 17,540 76,999 1,182,558 25,007 16,707 5,630 87,450 1,258,553 18,803 17,342 4,127 43,839 470,700 12,822 5,873 11,850 3,500 389,940 3,800 6,714 9,141 15,225 558,778 1,770 9,141 15,225 558,778 1,770 268,758 726,482 12,233,470 310,299 91,205 470,140 11,691 26,986 357,495 7,279 3,075 19,925 231,915 6,275 9,979 9,650 91,923 1,564 149 , 590 12,731 29,180 321,450 7,289 14,800 36,680 406,249 3,783 55,950 _ 635,291 58,209 9,500 "*31,205 394,740 17,415 813 6,000 54,153 639,629 12,474 1,510 30,736 63,555 898,519 15,488 42,000 428,045 10,122 22,121 25,223 370,588 2,725 5,642 2,975 9,322 185,335 2,183 5,750 469,477 20,937 7,215 32,713 364,577 5,767 9,000 458,266 22,950 6,450 25,889 218,755 10,825 5,405 9,000 462,777 32,171 16,187 44,613 457,151 7,046 16,140 33,300 445,127 4,000 40,000 486,802 16,050 27,700 295,059 12,290 14,903 63,731 1,131,895 29,785 16,080 30,262 488,318 8,956 63,254 864,771 13,829 10,366 25,391 262,956 6,500 8,000 246,630 8,670 5,411 Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses 15 255,980 35,183 62,434 60,451 99,906 39,727 15,010 6,408 18,309 210,667 26,259 24,171 39,408 8,215 26,491 6,821 30,828 24,047 13,536 10,891 117,648 117,648 680,295 34,952 14,393 3,988 5,528 23,558 20,740 50,653 10,943 30,414 45,788 23,291 6,927 11,058 18,859 6,082 45,607 6,542 22,721 16,897 7,901 20,269 30,854 34,946 25,974 111,217 14,896 35,297 Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Total * current expense for full-time day schools 16 17 18 2,376,145 155,582 540 24 1,166,017 44,116 1,813 25 1,089,095 32,577 642 26 1,798,079 194,035 1,306 27 2,058,854 61,540 2,560 28 1,919,413 128,612 693 29 809,771 82,134 25 30 481,307 29,030 98 31 628,335 17,448 570 32 9,168,333 96,897 3,504 33 773,329 11,703 34 598,463 2,632 35 1,332,902 36 355,785 15,795 235 37 809,527 28,242 1,461 38 369,561 39 1,745,135 27,471 40 1,923,556 5,606 494 41 702,976 1,743 688 42 557,099 3,705 626 43 819,667 12,818 44 819,667 12,818 45 19,849,766 685,466 13,551 46 693,069 5,115 47 542,603 910 100 48 363,393 1,203 35 49 146,686 1,294 447 50 210,591 60 502 51 491,766 12,821 119 52 703,837 50,612 916 53 1,103,801 27,136 959 54 628,922 6,218 326 55 961,302 31,342 226 56 1,552,437 12,594 57 653,665 7,493 293 58 634,686 25,917 194 59 303,025 7,850 420 60 650,708 7,683 820 61 607,522 2,848 951 62 816,248 58,132 160 63 393,010 978 760 64 789,427 129,440 1,538 65 733,471 18,697 278 66 711,855 504 67 759,949 30,972 68 618,641 29,173 218 69 1,750,172 102,392 1,777 70 710,971 54,852 778 71 1,416,302 28,321 637 72 426,190 5,332 301 73 475,517 26,081 292 74 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4.— GROUP II Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 75 Indiana _ _ 62 127 698 2,112 43,961 43,703 72,071 13,084,351 76 Anderson. _ . . . _ _ 6 13 72 175 4,113 4,153 6,788 1,194,668 77 East Chicago _ 10 9 73 202 3,891 3,952 6,113 1,143,131 78 Elkhart _ _ 6 12 49 157 3,141 3,112 5,326 979,984 79 Evansville.. . _ ... 16 24 152 404 9,072 9,181 14,577 2,623,860 80 Hammond. . _ ... 2 16 109 365 7,067 6,894 11,495 2,107,186 81 Kokomo . . . . 6 13 54 166 3,186 3,043 5,382 947,232 82 Muncie _ 7 18 75 214 5,192 5,213 8,776 1,535,800 83 Richmond _ . _ _ 5 15 44 167 3,442 3,392 5,628 1,035,170 84 Terre Haute.. _ 4 7 70 262 4,857 4,763 7,986 1,517,320 85 Iowa _ _ _ 43 104 321 1,871 30,334 30,523 51,631 9,572,767 86 Cedar Rapids _ - . 8 11 54 324 4,778 4,800 8,712 1,655,280 87 Council Bluffs . . . _ _ 1 17 34 236 3,936 4,134 6,953 1,321,062 88 Davenport. _ 8 12 63 290 5,074 5,032 8,512 1,557,652 89 Dubuque _ 16 12 32 129 1,941 1,781 3,042 565,812 90 Ottumwa. . ... ... 3 15 31 193 3,335 3,375 5,565 1,023,960 91 Sioux City - - - 7 20 67 424 6,507 6,672 10,984 2,010,072 92 17 40 275 4,763 4,729 7 , 863 1,438,929 93 Kansas _ 3 40 82 412 8,783 8,787 14,661 2,582,937 94 Hutchinson.. _ . _ . 3 13 33 157 3,295 3,258 5,336 960,387 95 Topeka _ _ _ _ 27 49 255 5,488 5,529 9,325 1,622,550 96 Kentucky _ 12 52 120 818 13,274 13,624 22,259 4,113,966 97 Covington _ _ . 6 14 53 208 3,752 3,753 6,115 1,192,495 98 Lexington _ _ _ _ 2 16 11 229 3,298 3,730 5,384 969,033 99 Newport _ _ _ _ _ . 3 12 8 92 1,692 1,603 2,746 529,942 100 Owensboro 6 21 139 2,184 2,224 3,925 702 , 575 101 Paducah _ 1 4 27 150 2,348 2,314 4,089 719,921 102 Maine _ 13 16 85 446 7,259 7,316 12,151 2,187,538 103 Lewistown 6 21 99 1,585 1,689 2,842 500,311 104 Portland _ 13 10 64 347 5,674 5,627 9,309 1,687,227 105 Massachusetts _ 129 236 1,110 4,616 73,226 71,265 127,291 22,534,533 106 Arlington _ _ _ _ . . . 3 12 44 186 3,295 3,060 5,630 991,845 107 Brockton _ 8 13 44 251 4,132 4,051 7,423 1,334,125 108 Brookline _ 7 9 54 220 3,098 2,988 5,453 981,540 109 Chelsea _ _ . _ 7 4 57 166 2,746 2,641 4,647 808,092 110 Chicopee _ _ 4 9 15 147 2,308 2,295 3,992 720,535 111 Everett _ _ _ __ 6 10 74 226 3,678 3,631 6,495 1,157,889 112 Fitchburg _ _ 5 11 41 112 1,961 2,067 3,657 649,264 113 Haverhill _ _ . 3 5 32 173 2,537 2,858 4,783 842,789 114 Holyoke _ _ _ _ _ 2 13 51 177 2,853 2,630 4,743 863,138 115 Lawrence _ _ _ 13 23 68 314 3,539 3,590 6,348 1,101,855 116 Lynn _ _ _ 10 14 87 335 6,054 5,492 10,025 1,747,553 117 Malden _ _ _ _ . 7 15 51 231 3,779 3,711 6,602 1,159,418 118 Medford _ _ 8 13 71 260 4,640 4,809 8,424 1,484,401 119 Newton _ _ _ 7 19 116 352 6,143 5,603 9,954 1,779,518 120 Pittsfield _ . 11 19 43 219 3,794 3,650 6,557 1,193,135 121 Quincy _ _ _ 4 16 66 344 5,911 5,714 10,340 1,847,121 122 Revere.. _ _ 10 7 46 180 2,882 2,668 4,795 826,345 123 Salem. _ _ — - 3 7 50 163 2,210 2,048 3,716 643,080 124 Taunton _ _ 22 210 2,331 2,407 4,264 749,997 125 Waltham _ _ _ 6 9 41 166 2,703 2,751 4,809 834,574 126 Watertown _ _ _ _ 5 8 37 184 2,632 2,601 4,634 818,319 127 Michigan _ _ _• _ 72 204 929 3,411 65,468 64,600 114,214 22,080,028 128 Battle Creek _ 6 16 55 232 3,933 4,073 7,140 1,355,486 129 Bay City - 4 15 75 195 4,116 3,871 7,613 1,522,600 130 Dearborn.. _ 13 20 116 429 7,497 7,457 14,257 2,849,419 131 Hamtramck _ .. 2 7 42 129 2,354 2,210 3,893 720,277 132 Highland Park _ 2 10 73 220 3,953 3,516 5,782 1,087,188 133 Jackson _ 12 16 73 230 4,787 4,752 7,850 1,570,047 134 Kalamazoo _ 9 12 69 294 4,934 4,920 8,007 1,433,271 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 — Continued Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Total* current expense for full-time day schools 16 17 18 10,728,044 361,657 4,761 75 920,578 17,660 170 76 1,210,933 47,888 761 77 739,488 33,410 121 78 2,099,879 167,069 1,587 79 1,792,763 62,727 925 80 762,561 2,470 269 81 1,183,896 11,018 545 82 745,759 15,660 383 83 1,272,187 3,755 84 6,778,580 248,456 4,174 85 1,245,617 49,226 1,050 86 701,465 2,318 129 87 1,174,051 19,796 1,092 88 577,219 10,131 240 89 634,984 31,683 605 90 1,551,097 28,839 496 91 894,147 106,463 562 92 1,618,167 44,517 811 93 548,181 7,155 225 94 1,069,986 37,362 586 95 2,612,259 69,500 2,651 96 834 , 507 18,292 1,144 97 643,200 35,508 639 98 355,148 7,923 418 99 369,324 3,672 308 100 410,080 4,105 142 101 1,532,154 2,864 1,739 102 335,030 1,152 325 103 1,197,124 1,712 1,414 104 20,125,953 153,910 2,568 105 812,185 11,047 106 1,007,909 7,058 107 1,189,100 6,872 123 108 795,581 109 557,590 110 958,725 100 111 681,441 21,765 112 646,549 113 839,336 12,466 175 114 1,287,198 105 20 115 1,683,402 979 332 116 872,179 2,770 590 117 1,154,926 240 118 1,948,408 21,858 822 119 942,122 61 120 1,443,838 8,416 135 121 730,279 42,430 22 122 667 , 543 123 579,075 869 124 639,988 16,500 158 125 688,579 535 30 126 18,947,262 745,836 11,831 127 1,501,871 28,903 274 128 1,051,602 74,280 255 129 3,023,600 280,689 3,890 130 1,008,253 1,528 2,190 131 1,597,758 17,755 1,944 132 1,216,757 97,852 133 1,521,678 8,325 581 134 Current expenditures full-time day schools Salaries and w£ Super¬ visors Principals T eachers and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses 10 11 12 13 14 15 166,507 18,099 29,147 11,039 42,204 8,607 14,281 17,683 10,615 14,832 93,066 22,235 3,830 22,246 16,544 6,793 21,418 7,600 7,600 33,675 18,684 5,585 6,500 2,906 35,777 35,777 457,538 10,045 17,356 29,480 27,750 13,864 30,000 18,938 10,493 6,895 50,000 35,485 24,500 31,909 29,470 27,517 15,595 35,000 9,171 16,570 17,500 258,653 22,634 17,055 55,844 7,289 9,197 25,332 36,833 434,186 15,666 40.388 34,587 102,959 66.129 44,968 62,937 36,537 30,015 324 , 104 38,928 46,838 40.130 26,244 42,200 70,264 59.500 111,706 36,147 75,559 141,720 43,596 41,230 29,294 12,600 15,000 62,113 20,592 41,521 897,073 41,529 42,324 71,064 15,850 30,669 48,954 45,099 20,996 44.389 85,000 46,286 52.500 45,404 72,273 76,498 53,800 24.500 23,398 28,540 28,000 773,813 51,613 60,003 95,006 27,775 44,558 54,930 38,599 7,164,302 663,200 781,626 489,756 1,405,785 1,217,284 526 , 564 759,380 497,845 822,862 4,502,807 841,167 460,839 733,262 361,746 412,298 1,103,985 589.510 1,062,681 372,472 690,209 1,806,380 591,645 438,933 233,620 253,923 288,259 1,021,445 232,470 788,975 13,161,887 551,442 664,589 750.511 460,755 368,143 646,044 359,675 427,820 564 , 559 831,629 1,132,711 590,686 796.554 1,270,768 579.555 963,873 483,658 430,672 400,671 410,867 476,705 11,140,068 678,224 667,710 1,723,033 524,991 897,223 750,488 898,592 167,046 11,056 27,884 13,856 41,603 29,164 5,819 16,841 6,374 14,449 81,170 17,022 9,091 26,653 5,272 6,854 16,278 20,714 7,887 12,827 17,240 4,329 5,185 2,700 2,475 2,551 13,319 13,319 173,307 10,722 14,377 7,000 2,609 5,522 6,521 6,929 23,627 11,214 28,889 4,028 11,612 7,324 5,698 3,377 11,960 11,898 345,832 21,700 13,235 70,638 41,014 40,423 24 , 180 30,797 6,649 6,649 58,251 17,631 10,382 10,981 19,257 16,705 5,071 11,634 224,762 7,045 16,068 11,631 5,075 4,726 11,748 4,433 7,269 7,234 8,263 17,504 9,055 9,911 17,939 18,278 21,029 6,833 11,283 11,148 10,575 7,715 136,358 10,876 11,930 25,313 7,349 23,107 29,021 11,667 15,971 23,919 41,453 46,823 15,161 31,662 45,955 14,273 17,252 5,603 4,254 4,573 27,023 6,921 20,102 409,976 22,783 22,278 37,040 10,880 8,511 33,269 14,400 8,882 16,000 10,223 29,601 12,821 23,780 39,899 16,838 40,651 8,888 15,280 11,183 15,811 10,958 553 , 950 30,944 20,797 114,671 13,331 34,191 44,017 35,586 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP II Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michigan — continued 135 Lansing _ 8 28 110 344 7,442 7,442 12,903 2,451,570 136 Muskegon 4 _ _ _ 5 18 65 253 5,084 5,084 8,182 1,500,949 137 18 80 358 6,932 6,927 12,815 2,434,850 138 Port Huron _ 5 14 36 194 3,465 3,408 5,910 1,182,000 139 Saginaw. _ 5 21 96 401 8,099 8,067 14,459 2,891,771 140 Wyandotte _ _ _ 1 9 39 132 2,872 2,873 5,403 1,080,600 141 Mississippi . . 2 35 47 449 9,196 10,101 15,109 2,800,817 142 Jackson _ _ .. 2 17 17 237 5,185 5,741 8,837 1,671,857 143 18 30 212 4,011 4,360 6,272 1,128, 960 144 Missouri . . 17 61 167 970 17,650 17,287 30,472 5,498,491 145 Joplin _ __ _ _ 3 13 42 180 3,826 3,659 6,040 1,087,264 146 St. Joseph _ 4 19 52 333 6,075 5,896 11,247 2,024,402 147 Springfield _ . 6 21 35 317 5,427 5,462 9,209 1,639,293 148 University City _ 4 8 38 140 2,322 2,270 3,976 747,532 149 Montana _ 21 16 194 2,754 2,612 4,253 756,903 150 Butte _ _ _ 21 16 194 2,754 2,612 4,253 756,903 151 Nebraska . 14 28 44 376 6,829 6,684 11,238 1,977,888 152 Lincoln _ 14 28 44 376 6,829 6,684 11,238 1,977,888 153 New Hampshire _ 4 24 79 297 5,152 4,822 8,827 1,627,927 154 Manchester _ 15 51 183 3,291 3,214 5,754 1,093,260 155 Nashua _ 4 9 28 114 1,861 1,608 3,073 534,667 156 New Jersey . . 104 196 816 3,984 58,563 57,885 96,534 17,684,433 157 Atlantic City _ 7 16 67 253 4,100 3,968 6,472 1,177,824 158 Bayonne _ 17 15 88 423 4,559 4,397 7,607 1,369,260 159 Bloomfield _ 4 12 44 214 3,078 3,195 5,358 975,367 160 Clifton 4 . . . 4 13 23 233 3,888 3,681 6,315 1,162,117 161 East Orange _ 6 11 74 235 3,814 3,977 6,568 1,208,512 162 Hoboken _ 5 12 34 222 3,010 2,879 4,688 871,968 163 Irvington _ 10 63 208 3,711 3,576 6,022 1,150,203 164 Kearny _ 5 9 26 169 3,210 3,125 5,068 912,240 165 Montclair _ 5 15 58 192 3,198 2,980 5,097 927,700 166 New Brunswick _ 6 7 37 172 2,332 2,494 4,012 738,208 167 North Bergen _ 5 8 10 174 2,338 2,219 3,739 691,798 168 Orange _ 4 6 32 159 2,554 2,508 4,179 764,697 169 Passaic _ 11 14 45 292 3,960 3,971 6,563 1,155,106 170 Perth Amboy _ 7 11 46 175 2,506 2,546 4,312 789,063 171 Plainfield. . . . . 3 7 23 221 3,062 3,075 5,112 933,352 172 South Orange _ 5 15 42 190 2,908 2,943 5,043 938,102 173 Union City _ _ 8 8 69 254 3,713 3,798 6,146 1,137,032 174 West New York . . . 2 7 35 198 2,622 2,553 4,233 781,884 175 New Mexico _ 2 18 41 322 5,914 5,914 9,353 1,683,540 176 Albuquerque . . . . 2 18 41 322 5,914 5,914 9,353 1,683,540 177 New York . . 137 203 787 3,988 60,780 59,069 100,261 18,256,590 178 Amsterdam _ 12 11 34 180 2,307 2,179 3,832 686,465 179 Auburn _ 6 12 35 153 2,481 2,411 4,004 730,988 180 Binghamton _ 12 19 91 456 6,905 6,792 11,459 2,098,259 181 Elmira _ 9 11 47 246 3,861 3,927 6,338 1,163,190 182 Jamestown _ 17 13 42 250 3,555 3,491 6,089 1,102,722 183 Mount Vernon _ 4 15 79 343 5,423 5,379 8,995 1,628,729 184 Newburgh _ 4 9 38 155 2,528 2,383 4,226 786,257 185 New Rochelle _ 4 16 73 257 4,019 3,974 6,687 1,187,500 186 Niagara Falls _ 18 25 91 484 7,703 7,333 12,814 2,348,606 187 Poughkeepsie _ _ 13 10 32 178 2,877 2,889 4,829 869,232 188 Rome _ 4 9 25 160 2,677 2,647 4,360 795,586 189 Schenectady _ 12 22 96 437 6,426 6,288 10,721 1,956,800 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 — Continued Current expenditures full-time dat schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total * current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 23,583 95,728 1,178,094 21,066 10,786 79,893 1,970,268 80,492 8,160 54,962 648,430 12,859 4,930 13,131 958,557 12,135 1,018 82,146 995,634 30,149 23,519 33,461 1,556,530 22,300 1,189 25,961 50,281 521,701 14,927 988 45,449 878,786 23,723 24,499 73,869 1,139,175 24,844 13,018 51,669 1,778,483 93,528 40 2,266 44 , 343 516,773 4,542 36,810 883,119 4,326 450 4,000 77,319 692,766 23,630 56,479 1,027,828 4,731 684 4,000 40,214 396,655 17,350 26,169 557,231 4,731 37 i 105 296,111 6,280 30,310 470,597 684 53,604 162,143 2,086,571 36,827 72,875 126,030 3,483,705 87,397 5,041 6,483 35,047 382,554 6,454 9,162 19,215 599,029 6,169 278 11,738 49,028 699,525 10,326 18,469 62,778 1,297,501 34,343 2,191 18,400 45,500 574,632 11,174 35,349 18,623 883,007 33,560 560 16,983 32,568 429,860 8,873 9,895 25,414 704,168 13,325 2,012 60,474 458,419 10,654 17,823 780,339 60,173 366 60^474 458,419 10,654 17,823 780,339 60,173 366 25,990 78,052 865,026 23,800 20,801 35,860 1,421,979 14,755 2,602 25,990 78,052 865,026 23,800 20,801 35,860 1,421,979 14,755 2,602 7,620 65,078 792,264 5,095 17,097 19,537 1,162,764 14,571 215 43 , 500 521,829 9,281 7,417 711,238 13,483 7,620 21,578 270,435 5,095 7,816 12,120 451 , 526 1,088 215 437,863 896,881 13,740,243 423,097 172,794 472,718 21,733,118 123,520 24,404 39,617 52 , 800 855,596 35,819 9,992 19,726 1,368,173 78,758 90,998 1,655,537 37,197 12,520 57,145 2,752,332 2,651 19,750 53,632 735,610 30,702 16,190 20,710 1,156,931 640 1,668 14,061 56,389 698,925 5,008 10,388 19,531 1,018,771 7,023 2,058 28,355 58,447 1,063,281 32,277 10,827 28,857 1,523,558 4,333 2,399 21,595 51,111 689,346 27,322 6,104 13,268 1,121,432 25,452 52,915 781,830 28,240 8,244 21,227 1,216,263 3,230 27,200 38,050 578,259 5,431 7,542 20,319 889,062 61,412 1,361 22,018 66,682 910,949 41,226 14,244 28,985 1,411,272 3,297 1,383 11,338 25,614 489,180 19,526 6,062 67,560 778,867 2,562 765 16,428 32,200 426 , 656 21,666 7,154 8,998 902,911 17,035 38,304 472,818 16,762 7,136 11,658 779,080 4,574 955 43,822 58,227 892,254 28,488 13,668 18,468 1,433,973 8,528 1,013 26,468 39,806 620,180 10,530 8,289 27,441 939,682 1,046 11,388 36,056 692,319 24,478 8,891 29,238 1,049,644 2,242 998 29,892 73,974 711,188 12,194 7,090 36,037 1,132,420 3,457 2,577 24,412 39,540 818,076 27,568 9,716 18,304 1,240,594 1,161 5,726 32,136 648,239 18,663 8,737 25,246 1,018,153 1,139 6,000 68,417 724,059 12,078 19,691 1,008,903 28,767 1,645 6,000 68,417 724,059 12,078 19,691 1,008,903 28,767 1,645 417,477 795,532 12,573,600 294,296 115,737 320,447 20,068,684 217,231 24,545 24,850 31,350 494,261 6,413 2,672 7,959 814,510 9,085 1,312 13,200 43,564 416,251 8,887 5,095 6,464 687,880 14,224 583 27,436 66,501 1,330,357 38,355 7,187 20,488 2,024,673 5,070 1,919 36,293 43,730 711,413 8,159 7,490 17,886 1,060,795 11,522 532 50,942 43,492 684,367 16,471 6,631 17,087 1,168,698 39,313 542 19,570 76,444 1,405,614 36,482 9,201 34,225 2,083,153 4,813 1,842 11,070 32,463 438,555 3,165 6,178 10,970 733,620 8,643 1,232 15,018 80,398 1,162,083 38,180 12,990 41,457 1,870,622 48,166 3,487 40,464 100,522 1,417,271 25,729 19,753 35,879 2,315,610 10,982 5,587 41,235 35,805 477,504 18,356 8,777 15,908 892,131 674 12,533 30,933 461,600 4,248 1,130 15,129 686,616 4,419 291 47,042 87,474 1,543,418 44,621 11,122 45,941 2,481,084| 24,927 264 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 i 183 : 184 185 186 187 188 : 189 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4— GROUP II Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New York — continued Troy: 190 2 9 66 849 889 1,465 265,936 191 Union District _ 7 11 16 202 2,804 2,523 4,074 757,764 192 Watertown _ 11 10 20 197 2,890 2,737 4,674 840,250 193 White Plains _ _ 4 8 59 224 3,475 3,227 5,694 1,038,306 194 108 177 1,568 28,347 29,207 50,479 9,087,037 195 16 29 172 3,634 3,643 6,578 1,184,040 196 18 48 301 5,053 5,293 8,784 1,580,931 197 24 27 277 4,924 4,939 8,378 1,508,172 198 High Point _ _ 13 12 208 3,917 3,909 6,841 1,232,254 199 17 20 243 4,084 4,353 7,483 1,346,940 200 20 41 367 6,735 7,070 12,415 2,234, 700 201 North Dakota _ 3 14 46 146 2,000 2,080 3,427 616,860 202 Fargo _ — - - 3 14 46 146 2,000 2,080 3,427 616,860 203 Ohio. _ _ 43 152 852 2,971 53,264 52,347 95,757 17,408,294 204 Cleveland Heights _ 5 15 72 222 4,311 4,393 7,517 1,368,094 205 East Cleveland. . .. _ 9 36 155 2,412 2,496 4,451 801 , 146 206 Hamilton . _ 2 3 55 216 4,233 4,187 7,436 1,347,239 207 Lakewood _ _ _ 6 16 67 233 3,651 3,488 6,538 1,183,304 208 Lima _ _ 1 15 66 181 3,292 3,295 6,409 1,153,620 209 Lorain _ _ 5 8 45 160 3,221 3,036 5,818 1,070,409 210 Mansfield _ _ 5 13 58 184 3,095 2,900 5,931 990,576 211 Marion.. . _ 4 9 33 154 2,934 2,907 5,208 934,440 212 Middletown _ _ _ 5 8 48 157 2,887 2,948 5,095 939,822 213 Newark _ _ _ 1 5 41 145 2,497 2,524 4,505 838,402 214 Norwood _ 6 48 105 1,906 1,933 3,422 657 , 024 215 Portsmouth . . _ 2 2 55 181 3,412 2,792 5,583 999,357 216 Springfield _ _ _ 6 14 96 304 5,759 5,752 10,158 1,889,440 217 Steubenville _ _ _ 10 30 159 2,478 2,461 4,452 814,730 218 Warren _ _ _ 15 53 233 3,842 3,869 7,101 1,285,349 219 Zanesville _ _ 1 4 49 182 3,334 3,366 6,133 1,135,342 220 Oklahoma _ 5 13 30 150 3,876 3,878 5,885 1,054,052 221 Muskogee _ 5 13 30 150 3,876 3,878 5,885 1,054,052 222 Oregon _ _ 5 11 49 159 3,017 3,017 4,964 853,849 223 Salem _ — . - - 5 11 49 159 3,017 3,017 4,964 853,849 224 Pennsylvania . . 91 185 1,432 4,105 72,291 72,064 128,712 23,969,098 225 Allentown _ 13 9 168 339 7,135 6,934 12,842 2,437,160 226 Altoona _ 7 4 75 329 5,161 5,454 9,942 1,790,642 227 Bethlehem _ _ _ 6 10 100 224 4,622 4,297 8,081 1,511,147 228 Chester _ 5 12 65 275 4,393 4,554 6,537 1,222,419 229 Easton __ . _ 3 14 55 124 2,517 2,515 4,571 927,962 230 Harrisburg _ 6 9 135 309 5,199 5,622 9,673 1,828,197 231 Hazleton _ _ 6 6 53 179 2,858 2,859 5,024 947,092 232 Johnstown _ 8 17 71 297 4,800 4,820 8,653 1,682,964 233 Lancaster _ 6 5 80 225 4,173 4,091 7,381 1,387,650 234 Lower Merion (P. O., Ard¬ more) _. _ 11 88 191 2,828 2,832 4,986 897,480 235 McKeesport _ 4 15 59 242 4,322 4,323 7,693 1,385,088 236 New Castle _ _ — 3 10 55 234 4,242 4,096 7,151 1,287,211 237 N orristown _ 3 57 134 2,306 2,405 4,257 789,803 238 Upper Darby _ 4 11 81 237 4,109 4,137 7,208 1,362,312 239 Wilkes-Barre _ 13 27 99 331 5,400 5,185 9,284 1,689,688 240 1 Williamsport _ 15 100 180 3,455 3,277 6,399 1,196,883 241 York _ 7 7 91 255 4,771 4,663 9,030 1,625,400 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 6,850 144,190 2,385 2,221 6,054 230,956 2,545 390 190 14,654 37 , 529 440,425 2,200 882 724,658 4,364 275 191 43,170 35,977 473,389 11,992 6,112 17,056 805,997 19,440 459 192 20,000 42,500 972,902 28,653 9,178 27,062 1,487,681 9,718 5,156 193 308,115 3,233,162 42,247 10,806 62,204 4,655,457 250,996 10,508 194 42 , 047 403 , 049 3,886 7,027 551,074 35,695 2,220 195 52,153 674,517 11,283 16,010 930,824 54,218 812 196 50,509 533,901 13,020 4,728 774,213 75,082 1,729 197 41,433 403,927 2,848 16,170 562,857 15,549 1,483 198 47,866 454,088 950 3,966 10,896 686,126 48,872 1,084 199 74,107 763,680 10,260 6,840 7,373 1,150,363 21,580 3,180 200 3,970 29,341 383,049 6,245 6,435 17,440 596,808 31,371 32 201 3,970 29,341 383,049 6,245 6,435 17,440 596,808 31,371 32 202 145,436 580,940 9,006,394 172,315 150,603 281,074 14,377,773 265,832 10,824 203 18,757 84,476 951,269 32,452 11,428 22,554 1,738,068 8,915 2,665 204 40,958 530,590 19,014 6,026 10,392 859,770 15,347 735 205 7,620 17,099 619,608 7,570 20,292 22,439 901 , 559 878 498 206 22,868 50,449 873,971 30,303 8,889 34,214 1,462,757 47,976 1,125 207 3,000 45,000 502,827 12,662 13,056 30,449 756,739 3,917 172 208 13,455 26,596 511,159 9,842 5,232 20,242 756,971 10,448 88 209 20,000 38,564 486,480 5,953 8,440 12,188 885,372 29,531 630 210 10,673 25,618 376,794 5,087 10,180 13,214 564,765 4,527 300 211 11,630 30,578 443,825 5,245 9,428 18,447 820,873 45,835 374 212 5,345 19,830 358,857 7,578 4,119 8,115 507,114 4,833 442 213 26,550 419,196 3,543 1,428 11,265 622,653 12,665 1,559 214 6,426 7,600 479,758 3,262 4,681 14,263 693,683 10,097 841 215 17,973 73,450 874,493 2,070 19,273 10,702 1,418,470 603 216 31,500 437,622 6,003 5,299 9,855 642,051 35,889 386 217 49,632 638,596 13,723 17,193 19,587 1,011,850 34,974 264 218 7,689 13,040 501,349 8,008 5,639 23,148 735,078 142 219 14,345 53,172 367,519 8,586 581,614 21,442 336 220 14,345 53,172 367,519 8,586 581,614 21,442 336 221 16,071 42,223 452,981 11,841 6,802 14,084 701,997 74,837 253 222 16,071 42,223 452,981 11,841 6,802 14,084 701,997 74,837 253 223 315,756 560,537 13,000,234 197,686 262,528 497,432 20,397,746 444,479 29,720 224 52,288 31,433 1,113,935 14,640 26,828 45,775 1,810,930 65,117 5,080 225 20,801 14,817 895,748 11,311 10,182 27,126 1,323,426 8,381 1,870 226 24,684 37,505 690,748 10,196 13,980 33,209 1,129,461 73,033 1,232 227 17,312 38,187 788,274 10,019 15,681 29,313 1,195,458 2,336 2,188 228 14,907 25,172 451,823 7,725 16,759 16,679 758,126 35,592 888 229 21,023 31,126 1,089,106 17,572 23,202 40,342 1,728,459 6,482 989 230 18,922 19,805 529,185 5,497 9,468 16,911 863,879 13,637 689 231 23,017 42,154 840,797 6,205 18,939 25,823 1,296,908 52,375 2,738 232 22,278 23,126 664,375 5,778 9,236 24 , 268 1,011,905 1,970 2,220 233 58,883 770,106 20,266 9,529 41,013 1,243,776 59,003 2,459 234 9,961 51,552 713,432 5,345 11,653 33,926 1,156,072 19,471 1,245 235 6,750 32,644 657,944 14,524 20,229 21,509 1,027,913 23,695 1,308 236 12,300 480,560 4,720 8,543 16,723 706,356 29,849 830 237 17,075 42,165 832,174 21,002 11,757 31,955 1,213,479 17,899 3,420 238 43,178 28,354 1,043,908 10,340 29,198 30,739 1,627,742 1,493 390 239 43,014 675,121 8,969 12,078 41,032 1,036,999 7,384 577 240 23,560 28,300 762,998 23,577 15,266 21,089 1,266,857 26,762 1,597 241 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4.— GROUP II Personnel and attendance City o Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Supervisrs Principals Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 242 Rhode Island _ . 18 34 256 1,008 14,955 14,666 25,587 4,607,881 243 Cranston _ _ 3 6 48 231 3,725 3,583 6,438 1,161,794 244 East Providence- - 1 4 35 166 2,482 2,496 4,391 790,380 245 Newport _ _ 1 6 32 130 2,282 2,230 3,711 667,980 246 Pawtucket _ _ ----- 10 16 119 337 4,430 4,347 7,533 1,355,940 247 Woonsocket _ _ 3 2 22 144 2,036 2,010 3,514 631,787 248 South Carolina 16 45 141 1,148 18,888 19,638 32,535 5,838,710 249 Charleston _ - _ 1 13 48 275 5,392 5,392 8,888 1,599,840 250 Columbia _ ------- 1 15 60 396 6,322 6,719 11,068 1,992,157 251 Greenville _ _- - _ 7 3 19 249 3,844 4,000 6,762 1,217,160 252 Spartanburg _ ------ 7 14 14 228 3,330 3,527 5,817 1,029,553 253 South Dakota _ _ 2 13 42 240 4,229 4,309 6,483 1,070,290 254 Sioux Falls _ ------- 2 13 42 240 4,229 4,309 6,483 1,070,290 255 Texas.. .- _ 42 161 459 3,686 68,421 66,913 109,696 19,270,889 256 Amarillo _ _ _ _ 2 15 36 315 5,537 5,461 9,169 1,604,499 257 Austin _ Beaumont: 4 12 53 482 7,721 7,314 11,211 1,994,635 258 City District _ _ 5 14 28 252 3,890 3,871 6,763 1,203,814 259 French District _ 5 7 58 1,249 1,200 1,784 3,036 12,323 312,113 531,475 2,156,525 260 South Park District _ 5 29 96 1,725 1,727 7,333 261 Corpus Christi . 4 22 44 459 7,616 262 El Paso . . . 6 22 61 561 11,401 11,037 17,633 3,085,847 263 Galveston _ _ _ _ . . 4 13 45 277 4,467 4,557 7,342 1,284,850 264 Laredo _ - _ _ 4 1 16 181 4,223 4,062 7,580 1,303,760 265 Lubbock _ _ 4 12 32 224 4,357 4,230 7,081 1,239,430 266 Port Arthur _ _ 2 9 46 285 5,496 5,420 8,620 1,551,886 267 Waco _ _ _ 5 17 24 272 6,118 6,181 10,048 1,758,400 268 Wichita Falls _ _ 2 14 38 224 4,621 4,520 7,106 1,243,655 269 Utah. _ _ 6 16 88 331 5,299 5,444 9,293 1,635,604 270 Ogden _ _ . 6 16 88 331 5,299 5,444 9,293 1,635,604 271 Virginia _ _ _ 37 110 251 1,900 33,010 33,161 55,733 10,195,921 272 273 Alexandria _ ------ Arlington County (P. O. Ar¬ 12 25 215 3,419 3,221 6,116 1,100,880 lington) 5 _ .- 3 29 40 269 6,599 6,373 9,919 1,868,801 274 Danville _ _ _ 2 2 30 201 2,966 2,994 5,226 940,702 275 Lynchburg _ _ 9 13 28 229 3,570 3,720 6,538 1,189,981 276 Newport News _ ... 6 11 45 196 3,699 3,915 6,321 1,163,030 277 Petersburg . . _ _ 6 12 23 164 2,775 2,722 4,674 846,659 278 Portsmouth _ . _ _ _ 7 12 17 239 4,470 4,459 7,380 1,365,300 279 Roanoke _ _ 4 19 43 387 5,512 5,757 9,559 1,720,568 280 Washington _ _ 2 10 32 191 3,907 3,907 6,256 1,082,288 281 Everett _ _ _ 2 10 32 191 3,907 3,907 6,256 1,082,288 282 Wisconsin _ _ 36 123 533 2,093 35,294 35,814 62,525 11,341,173 283 Eau Claire . . _ 1 10 41 140 2,575 2,725 4,809 836,788 284 Green Bay. _ _ _ 6 13 52 200 3,114 3,320 5,881 1,064,544 285 Kenosha _ - .. 4 11 52 230 3,686 3,638 6,883 1,245,865 286 La Crosse _ _ - - 13 52 172 2,892 5,695 2,866 5,715 5,286 9,997 1,009,048 1,716,436 287 Madison _ 7 21 67 348 288 Oshkosh _ _ . _ 4 10 48 168 3,131 3,203 5,354 962,920 289 Racine _ 4 14 60 296 5,156 5,249 8,981 1,697,472 290 Sheboygan .. _ 2 10 61 192 3,252 3,347 5,947 1,100,129 291 Superior _ _ _ . 3 10 39 173 2,679 2,671 4,376 765,901 292 West Allis _ ----- 5 11 61 174 3,114 3,080 5,011 942,070 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 — Continued Current expenditures fulu-time day schools Bonds Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 Capital outlay for plant and equipment out¬ standing and all other Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks current expense for full-time day schools school debts (in thous¬ ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 54,646 111,266 2,409,815 41,701 43,147 89,122 3,586,574 43,417 6,997 6,944 20,262 592,259 8,507 8,431 22,005 834,360 2,503 2,014 2,900 15,573 358,800 5,560 10,618 12,548 560,089 2,157 804 3,500 18,550 380,733 7,593 6,886 18,189 532,249 38,757 366 32,295 48,669 757,169 16,392 9,830 30,166 1,159,899 3,176 9,007 8,212 320,854 3,649 7,382 6,214 499,977 637 40,420 149,459 2,131,806 47,405 15,126 61,554 3,104,978 269,543 2,876 2,400 42,765 519,459 14,302 5,143 12,926 770,516 85,921 711 4,500 56,208 837,159 19,950 23,515 1,174,274 156,527 1,329 18,588 16,086 391,523 5,380 9,983 16,917 619,110 22,307 465 14,932 34,400 383,665 7,773 8,196 541,078 4,788 371 4,211 36,689 475,273 3,930 5,210 25,611 723,717 2,417 299 4,211 36,689 475,273 3,930 5,210 25,611 723,717 2,417 299 149,961 527,927 7,889,016 173,264 13,403 236,000 11,288,076 823,626 16,047 5,700 15,200 23,210 55,161 44,075 47,000 10,604 17,900 715,361 991,289 538,722 101,114 11,788 23,127 4,500 12,252 21,926 27,746 1,787 16,824 1,002,190 1,256,642 790,548 147,219 414,429 19,107 55,525 139,434 5,413 12,621 2,083 1,514 291,393 5,825 77 188 24,744 80,069 905,813 9,334 11,995 18,444 1,381,409 86,707 5,247 19,200 8,745 19,149 69,971 45,674 4,042 1,229,146 567,398 366,261 43,695 • 20,235 9,247 1,331 42,482 22,639 11,691 1,758,368 875,179 561,361 162,116 9,756 88,571 1,243 435 11,233 29,600 435,566 5,746 11,704 600,113 191,334 2,686 5,900 10,600 6,280 29,555 50,213 44,063 611,536 599,779 535,638 23,929 9,000 0,838 25,272 9,168 14,065 929,124 827,268 744,226 31,838 12,830 8,374 1,248 1,403 20,008 54,993 741,395 15,225 9,572 26,774 1,059,925 41,160 518 20,008 54,993 741,395 15,225 9,572 26,774 1,059,925 41,160 518 114,911 329,488 32,899 79,765 4,196,497 529,764 689,279 92,844 21,862 27,670 144,710 13,314 10,772 5,990,399 736,082 994,712 280,261 16,497 11,500 3,854 10,261 6,522 11,585 1,500 6,800 9,800 401,465 6,914 142 21,006 543,588 34,867 23,174 39,217 484,934 9,533 736 13,759 678,953 90,775 24,213 42,428 525,505 14,373 13,847 33,870 770,623 49,913 14,750 30,025 313,312 4,864 1,360 8,546 486,777 11,572 23,041 42,984 520,870 11,176 14,794 736,524 3,304 104 12,672 52,370 731,368 17,600 28,649 1,043,140 61,833 2,250 6,817 35,911 640,323 9,515 15,450 46,684 1,066,895 109,946 783 6,817 35,911 640,323 9,515 15,450 46,684 1,066,895 109,946 783 123,969 413,602 6,315,077 165,624 73,888 270,167 9,889,124 280,499 4,748 4,165 25,409 353,798 6,981 11,424 17,537 571,391 15,466 5 18,620 37,205 553,699 15,582 210 33,228 887,559 37,276 792 13,031 49,228 38,216 71,174 716,547 487,697 16,917 4,830 49,613 11,208 6,201 18,619 33,817 19,264 46,509 1,134,347 742,408 1,783,470 42,430 54,572 13,928 162 24,273 1,144,412 1,217 12,567 33,246 545,538 11,100 11,338 29,742 869,628 8,100 336 15,752 53,973 902,133 22,601 3,856 33,958 1,351,530 26,377 207 7,152 31,209 525,232 18,990 23,019 801,833 22,910 313 10,285 33,367 476,218 6,077 10,005 17,283 731,840 8,967 948 18,124 40,575 609,803 12,933 1,027 15,810 1,015,118 50,473 768 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 i 279 280 281 282 283 i 284 285 286 287 :288 289 ; 290 ; 291 292 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 TABLE 4. Group III — Cities of 10,000 Personnel and attendance Instructional staff 1 Enrollment City £ o 00 15 (U Men Women Boys Girls Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended 1 23456 7 8 9 1 Continental United 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 States ,000 3,421 14,227 62,234 1,100,858 1,100,744 Alabama Anniston _ Bessemer _ Decatur _ Dothan _ Fairfield - Florence _ Huntsville _ Phenix City _ Selma _ Tuscaloosa _ 6 1 1 1 1 1 44 9 3 5 3 4 4 4 2 3 7 81 1,049 8 136 12 130 8 92 7 82 9 90 6 89 6 8 6 11 80 110 106 134 19,973 2,615 2,332 1,644 1,745 1,432 1,773 1,630 2,273 2,129 2,400 21,188 2,728 2,567 1,721 1,850 1,520 1,853 1,697 2,354 2,375 2,523 ,880,951 337,490,627 34,978 4,369 4,360 2,857 3,055 2,591 3,017 2,668 4,145 3,700 4,216 6,194,612 777,784 784,800 502,957 537,680 466,380 521,846 470,791 746,100 648,519 737,755 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Arkansas _ 4 Blytheville _ 1 El Dorado _ 1 Hot Springs _ Jonesboro _ North Little Rock _ 2 Pine Bluff _ Texarkana _ _ 35 2 4 9 2 3 9 6 93 15 14 11 11 20 16 6 715 48 112 130 59 149 134 83 14,195 1,352 1,882 2,556 1,083 3,122 2,603 1,597 14,654 1,285 2,029 2,646 1,143 3,053 2,794 1,704 23,645 2,021 3,403 4,050 1,964 5,187 4,627 2,393 4,136,640 353,675 605,734 704,700 349,618 927,446 795,844 399,623 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 California _ Albany _ Anaheim: Elementary District. High-School District. Bakersfield: Elementary District. High-School District. Beverly Hills _ Brawley: Elementary District . High-School District. Burlingame _ Compton: Elementary District. High-School District. El Centro _ El Monte: Elementary District. High-School District. Eureka _ Fullerton: Elementary District. High-School District . Lodi _ Lynwood _ Merced : Elementary District. High-School District 73 1 7 3 5 6 5 1 2 1 Modesto _ Monrovia: Elementary District - 2 High-School District _ Monterey _ National City: Elementary District _ High-School District _ Ontario: Elementary District _ 2 High-School District _ I 266 4 7 1 17 6 5 5 1 5 10 8 7 5 2 2 4 2 5 6 1,322 28 10 23 12 136 25 2 9 2 3 132 22 7 30 16 2 32 22 2 2 10 1 2 6 8 37 55 10 26 27 4 _ 7 41 8 10 3 45 4,606 86 96,027 1,893 93,562 1,830 154,229 27,002,196 3,009 520,492 49 798 28 479 769 567 1,408 246,339 860 146,197 289 4,936 4,679 133 3,732 3,626 110 1,661 1,771 8,211 5,405 2,849 1,453,321 956,616 507,258 58 1,097 1,070 15 307 309 64 901 825 1,889 463 1,463 411,015 78,343 258,958 140 3,353 3,153 158 4,695 4,496 75 1,425 1,282 4,790 7,558 2,239 847,817 1,322,650 380,598 105 51 96 2,035 1,353 1,727 1,928 1,287 1,833 3,181 2,208 3,156 543,979 390,803 545,988 58 44 67 79 738 1,170 1,492 1,506 730 1,315 1,450 1,338 1,275 1,544 2,653 2,410 223,125 267,176 469,618 419,388 40 1,010 1,090 22 658 888 204 4,385 4,125 1,720 1,285 6,834 292,299 218,445 1,161,698 52 34 88 1,111 801 1,824 928 853 1,811 1,738 1,312 2,929 302,680 228,287 506,712 65 1,283 83 1,893 1,221 1,995 1,900 2,946 341,183 506,712 82 1,772 53 1 , 192 1,604 2,840 1,246 1,808 488,497 310,909 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 — Continued to 29,999 Population Current expenditures full-time day schools Bonds out- Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 $ $ $ $ * $ $ $ 8 2,808,204 10,746,346 155,504,376 3,009,762 2,295,974 7,205,049 248,068,191 9,777,380 205,147 1 11,244 109,623 1,537,556 22,916 32,637 2,190,062 57,442 1,028 2 1,560 19,576 217,731 3,455 3,708 324 , 725 7,924 3 2,628 5,675 186,636 8,902 7,618 273,369 18,831 480 4 1,917 14,707 147,795 5,900 227,492 2,427 5 1,887 7^456 130^237 2,656 169,678 3,449 28 6 1,452 10,598 120; 762 1,600 1,298 174,064 2,397 250 7 13,150 137,912 678 193,403 2 , 677 8 9,470 123,614 2,532 168,583 2,963 249 9 5| 720 148^893 1,200 700 176,513 10,000 10 10,053 143,810 2,920 1,602 201,693 11 1,800 131218 180 ; 166 4,839 5,945 280,542 7,374 21 12 9,200 81,491 1,034,668 20,913 15,551 1,494,673 24,670 3,634 13 2,000 5,710 110,576 665 2,261 148,360 1,500 136 14 3,000 9,088 149,403 5,504 4,216 214,708 3,986 379 15 15,257 189,528 2,399 1,591 281,694 1,796 936 16 4,860 77,471 11 110,584 408 17 4,200 9,026 209,477 5,761 4,039 314,719 3,577 1,005 18 24,850 192,184 3,073 2,433 276,817 9,982 304 19 12,700 106,029 3,511 1,000 147,791 3,829 466 20 229,607 1,004,752 14,343,234 604,857 191,061 1,101,210 24,458,663 2,340,113 15,401 21 2,500 12,358 246,331 5,111 20,436 375,343 68,018 550 22 19,211 112,973 750 2,500 7,025 189,042 3,614 110 23 10,670 132,834 13,705 2,937 16,672 269,148 9,403 24 15,762 53,580 684,341 26,031 5,970 27,916 1,047,418 91,658 25 26,150 688,348 50,095 21,083 110,511 1,369,223 392,391 26 28,754 413,797 29,384 3,055 21,408 675,084 44,860 1,244 27 15,000 98,655 2,854 173,034 68 75 28 5,400 62,925 7,076 113,714 2,441 39 29 7,117 15,760 146,918 5,594 221,222 11,327 32 30 17,874 29,322 313,861 13,940 5,463 20,758 569,029 57,804 615 31 25,674 24,240 781,920 61,282 5,219 62,196 1,388,860 70,276 815 32 21,875 189,627 3,745 7,760 11,018 328,051 34,078 119 33 14,877 11,801 217,041 8,000 6,131 8,795 373,098 43,873 387 34 9,000 237,001 3,890 45,624 446,667 30,993 1,166 35 16,500 9,000 281 , 605 14,074 19,378 456,252 615 36 11,346 115,317 2,500 8,721 186,356 19,258 86 37 4,000 45,000 146,083 20,527 2,919 19,556 340,299 28,275 38 18,200 308,636 37 , 997 515,653 23,960 94 39 8,475 16,071 172,156 2,500 3,500 10,000 283,923 11,869 395 40 3,000 6,000 114,000 6,145 162,905 1,331 23 41 4,100 170,230 20,750 316,345 38,100 42 50,328 617,580 43,898 12,180 36,313 1,017,737 176,179 1,006 43 5,500 2,750 122,665 1,500 7,629 189,498 7,784 417 44 8,648 172,821 5,995 3,126 15,046 280,034 6,030 263 45 26,324 296,265 13,603 2,241 30,691 508,019 33,697 30 46 13,000 129,674 3,125 9,979 194,887 9,230 97 47 31,626 324,119 21,880 8,161 25,003 522,730 6,121 48 4,842 19,064 198,297 5,919 4,490 4,621 312,804 5,994 109 49 12,956 204,963 11,304 6,672 21,449 369,749 20,4191 202 50 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4— GROUP III j City Personnel and attendance Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California — continued 51 Palo Alto _ 2 10 26 118 1,942 1,766 3,247 571 , 185 52 Pomona _ _ _ 4 8 45 129 2,662 2,748 4,565 795,301 53 Redlands _ _ 3 8 28 116 2,111 2,094 2,876 506,176 Redondo Beach: 54 4 5 84 1,444 1,306 2,365 420,970 1 31 45 820 920 1,449 265,208 Redwood City: 2 6 4 57 1,575 1,508 2,629 459,960 57 High-School District _ 7 1 49 50 1,061 1,151 1,800 311,462 58 Richmond _ 4 15 4 362 8,950 8,580 14,993 2,593,789 6 50 121 2,371 2,361 3,767 651,660 60 5 5 74 1,431 1,431 2,192 387,984 61 4 8 85 1,754 1,537 2,649 466,196 San Mateo: 62 2 10 69 1,321 1,286 2,418 428,007 63 2 46 57 1,321 1,303 2,267 403 , 467 64 Santa Cruz _ 9 30 93 1,502 1,705 2,579 448,746 65 Santa Rosa _ 6 26 78 1,777 1,686 2,527 434 , 925 66 South Pasadena _ 4 10 24 81 1,322 1,374 2,446 432,730 67 Vallejo _ 4 15 73 324 7,377 6,706 10,317 1,815,792 Ventura: 68 Elementary District _ 5 1 56 620 622 1,100 193,600 69 High-School District _ 2 53 52 1,020 1,144 1,903 332,359 Whittier: 70 Elementary District. _ 2 7 71 1,339 1,397 2,396 426,488 71 High-School District _ 25 56 1,080 1,013 1,766 309,088 72 Colorado _ 9 18 95 435 6,847 7,223 12,368 2,221,511 73 Boulder _ 3 3 21 97 1,374 1,592 2,496 449,140 74 Fort Collins 4 _ _ 1 2 22 82 1,215 1,193 2,215 396,502 75 Grand Junction 4 _ — — 2 1 21 83 1,356 1,455 2,736 489,793 76 Greeley _ 2 5 20 97 1,865 1,951 2,923 514,419 77 Trinidad _ 1 7 11 76 1,037 1,032 1,998 371,657 78 Connecticut _ 29 58 171 1,069 17,036 16,999 29,815 5,382,955 79 Ansonia _ 5 1 22 85 1,265 1,176 2,238 401,776 80 Danbury _ 2 5 18 125 1,906 1,958 3,351 603,090 81 Derby _ 1 8 40 532 542 925 166,484 82 East Hartford - - 4 10 15 129 2,209 2,055 3,494 631,612 83 Groton _ _ _ _ 1 1 15 86 1,665 1,580 2,752 495,405 84 Middletown _ 3 13 66 970 994 1,797 325,300 85 Naugatuck _ 4 7 8 78 1,077 1,099 1,879 337,914 86 Shelton _ _ 5 8 43 704 691 1,237 222,660 87 Stratford _ - - 5 9 9 142 2,589 2,603 4,703 855,919 88 Torrington - - 3 10 28 149 2,008 2,006 3,568 642,153 89 Wallingford _ _ 5 4 14 80 1,121 1,133 1,963 353,288 90 Willimantic _ 2 13 46 990 1,162 1,908 347,354 91 Georgia _ 3 38 111 1,184 22,028 23,581 37,104 6,642,930 92 Albany _ _ _ _ 3 13 119 2,176 2,209 3,959 712,620 93 Athens _ 6 9 114 2,167 2,198 3,679 669 , 578 94 Dalton _ 1 4 84 1,389 1,461 2,260 406,792 95 Decatur _ 1 8 12 95 1,717 1,805 3,043 547,740 96 Gainesville _ 1 6 57 1,077 1,102 1,771 318,780 97 Griffin _ . - - 1 1 10 75 1,489 1,448 2,345 422,100 98 La Grange _ _ 10 9 143 2,563 3,415 4,123 742 , 140 99 Moultrie _ 2 14 81 1,446 1,518 2,422 435,960 100 Rome _ 1 2 11 133 2,695 2,843 4,385 789,300 101 Thomasville _ 3 10 77 1,570 1,555 2,551 448 , 870 102 Valdosta _ 1 6 97 1,906 2,024 3,297 576,975 103 Way cross _ 7 109 ' 1,833 2,003 3,269 572,075 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total* current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 5,408 31,033 378,932 21,860 4,161 20,372 612,578 213,207 533 12,145 26,092 417,217 24,948 3,896 24,438 727,021 17,724 6,430 23,950 318,005 12,633 4,646 20,944 607,890 9,713 1,175 18,450 128,430 6,178 1,800 8,152 225,326 16,057 100 4,170 199,420 10,440 2,762 12,985 335,350 22,748 133 8,200 27,000 167,447 13,355 266,738 55,607 127 23,341 31796 286,483 20 , 555 3,644 14,879 493,624 18,275 67 11,047 49,401 753,605 4,011 6,107 20,308 1,270,870 317,733 137 23 , 400 423,995 62,836 695,973 59,765 319 15,815 172; 636 5,308 2,474 9,069 263,824 9,077 15,264 215,378 5,190 8,220 11,504 388,428 59,007 915 5,915 206,264 2,625 7,429 285,682 7,138 7,765 348,236 13,716 5,815 14,561 542,959 55,408 383 22,238 271,887 5,556 2,997 22,112 495,405 27,093 206 18,000 248,208 24 , 884 392,196 8,807 346 14,000 38,500 274,614 11,125 2,768 11,355 512,003 11,067 328 17,000 77,043 957,179 55,298 29,728 65,442 1,660,890 109,282 1,195 12,200 92,351 640 1,549 5,884 166,857 14,638 57 25,101 316,310 38,624 4,462 41,785 588,720 11,478 285 8,000 193,284 6,017 10,494 282,657 16,423 138 272,370 37,261 447,548 30,815 468 21,968 44,429 918,232 11,550 15,623 47,139 1,440,793 34,823 993 7,282 7,282 223,858 3,218 8,784 15,614 378,835 11,336 160 1,905 5,650 175,345 2,520 350 16,265 269,215 1,443 325 6,115 3,500 153,579 6,045 4,077 234,148 2,050 326 5,220 13,350 223,100 4,250 444 6,680 341,471 11,627 77 1,446 14,647 142,350 1,562 4,503 217,124 8,367 105 82,429 188,662 2,604,063 41,061 61,728 109,137 4,266,047 75,725 485 9,040 4,150 251,031 3,450 2,905 6,789 358,385 6,487 15,862 294,813 3,115 7,958 8,472 454,889 1,181 382 3,300 114,213 1,978 2,953 163,958 12,907 30,006 298,483 5,854 14,162 18,430 531,454 27,552 38 3,362 4,010 204,485 1,027 7,806 5,577 319,874 7,188 10,903 162,729 4,694 3,856 5,591 278,467 10,205 21,027 165,105 1,715 3,698 8,062 318,238 11,928 103,494 1,858 1,496 5,250 177,587 22 15 14,705 36,063 338,938 2,984 6,095 18,622 543,242 38,071 9,795 28,750 342 , 520 4,075 4,557 9,489 526,149 43 15,928 15,413 208,646 7,491 3,898 13,900 350,361 1,711 7 7,250 119,606 4,798 3,319 6,002 243,443 5,228 98,977 1,873,158 5,491 200 50,479 2,701,162 57,189 694 8,214 201,227 1,250 9,313 276,307 9,313 16,558 197,325 1,823 311,237 10,388 2,000 98,600 6,380 146,270 8,879 71 1,280 19,641 149,260 4,241 1,913 257,729 10,977 238 2,750 99,002 4,078 144,389 2,010 1,948 3,500 166,048 2,698 252,518 784 19,000 269,466 343,712 155 7,056 140,509 4,156 232,823 10,896 105 2,000 i 5,400 175,954 468 222,629 10,928 110,065 4,650 151,106 2,200 3,930 128,902 178,042 1.042 136,800 200 15,666 184,400 TOO1 125 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4— GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 104 Idaho . . 2 51 144 649 13,921 13,866 23,150 4,028,427 105 Boise 4 _ _ - _ _ 2 12 35 144 2,982 2,982 4,770 844 . 294 106 6 13 48 1 , 106 1,135 1,760 316,766 107 Idaho Falls _ _ _____ 7 28 84 2,037 2,055 3,603 619^754 108 4 17 56 975 989 1,827 321,694 109 6 24 69 1,753 1,689 2,778 477 , 883 110 11 12 160 3,226 3,166 5,318 919^941 111 5 15 88 1,842 1,850 3,094 528 , 095 112 Illinois _ 37 139 789 2,992 51,451 51 , 168 88,482 16,392,783 Belleville: 113 15 78 1,219 1,220 2,010 389 979 114 2 26 35 543 575 1,055 204,841 Blue Island: 115 Elementary District _ 5 46 559 763 1,140 221,160 116 18 29 637 637 1,105 189,031 117 2 26 435 436 675 124 930 118 Cairo _ _ 9 69 1,026 1,026 1,889 355,215 Calumet City: 119 Elementary Dist. No. 155_ 1 16 219 214 406 75,097 120 Elementary Dist. No. 156 4 1 14 300 316 478 90 838 121 High-School Dist. No. 215 1 15 21 516 582 94 1 174,103 122 Canton _ 1 15 67 1,246 1,211 2,107 389,717 Centralia : 123 Elementary District _ 2 7 10 57 862 863 1,463 270,795 124 RigVSchool District 4 _ 1 15 30 526 538 903 163,371 125 Champaign _ 12 25 118 1,749 1,749 3,017 556,658 Chicago Heights: 126 Elementary District _ 4 7 69 986 1,047 1,917 358,451 127 High-School District 4 _ 1 19 46 878 895 1,547 266,181 128 Dixon. _ _ _ _ 15 77 1,178 1,178 2,050 379,218 East Moline: 129 Elementary District _ 5 5 3 41 703 718 1,220 226,956 130 High-School District 1 15 20 503 511 868 162,316 Elmhurst : 131 Elementary District _ 5 3 68 1,022 934 1,699 317,713 132 High-School District. 3 30 36 853 879 1,549 286 , 546 133 Elmwood Park (P.O. Chicago) 1 2 2 38 804 698 1,327 246,837 134 Forest Park.. 2 36 463 464 807 150,011 135 Freeport _ i 2 28 98 1,635 1,680 2,930 562,505 136 Galesburg _ 4 12 28 121 2,282 2,269 3,969 754,079 Granite City: 137 Elementary District _ 6 99 1,709 1,702 3,008 541,373 138 High-School District _ 2 29 30 854 762 1,428 255,240 Harrisburg: 139 Elementary District _ 3 6 11 46 827 827 1,383 255,814 140 High-School District _ 8 22 439 440 747 138,181 Harvey: 141 Elementary District _ _ 3 1 48 872 818 1,351 249,935 142 High-School District 3 47 58 1,525 1,475 2,557 473,112 Highland Park: 143 Elementary Dist. No. 107 5 29 365 368 588 108,796 144 Elementary Dist. No. 108 5 6 49 553 531 891 159,379 145 High-School Dist. No. 113 4 _ 2 35 42 766 820 1,309 251,908 146 J ackson ville _ 6 16 80 1,145 1,227 2,009 371,374 147 Kankakee _ 1 11 104 1,451 1,536 2,608 485,655 148 Kewanee _ _ _ _ 3 14 69 1,135 1,135 2,010 371,918 La Grange: 149 Elementary District _ 2 3 6 71 903 880 1,539 284,760 150 High-School District _ 7 1 33 35 973 907 1,607 301,371 La Salle: 151 Elementary District _ 1 42 430 351 678 125,557 152 High-School District _ 3 13 48 732 732 1,303 243,699 Lincoln : 153 Elementary District _ 2 4 4 33 575 557 1,044 198,468 154 High-School District _ 1 13 15 299 323 600 105.600 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 —Continued Current expenditures fulu-time day schools Salaries and wages Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses 10 11 n 13 14 15 5,160 5,160 94,780 1,570 4,200 10,243 2,600 2,858 8,000 7,836 121,921 26,844 14 , 206 6,409 16,572 13,747 28,209 15,934 481,361 10,233 2,894 6,300 3,800 16,750 5,000 36,323 14,400 5,200 9,950 6,000 14,570 14,400 5,600 7,461 30,000 11,900 12,376 1,444,796 317,193 104,720 217,999 142,956 166,480 303,126 192,322 7,925,057 158,566 145,357 92,279 123,295 45,956 114,786 27,640 21,810 98,163 153,700 94,050 89,925 280,418 145,845 124,799 190,581 74,306 98,320 136,252 162,547 67,185 84,565 273,661 321,918 192,501 137,500 74,351 74,651 31,536 9,483 2,347 7,548 2,445 6,381 1,157 2,175 146,182 20,922 5,435 2,182 3,943 7,002 2,360 31,071 3,709 1,700 6,616 3,609 7,301 1,372 1,200 12,145 4,423 8,764 2,232 2,788 1,836 1,494 43,795 5,986 2,631 4,278 3,522 5,127 13,791 8,460 469,291 9,564 8,060 3,415 6,899 1,508 11,532 5,000 1,299 4,040 5,857 8,000 6,442 29,611 10,768 14,465 10,448 3,637 7,400 5,495 7,218 2,749 2,067 10,620 16,981 10,132 9,450 3,018 1,950 9,500 15,550 14,300 11,800 14,575 , ouu 8,250 4,437 8,466 25,200 4,500 19,110 4,000 8,000 2,450 89,542 290,651 76,453 114,253 221,596 164,205 199,248 166,179 137,307 203,266 68,255 144,697 49,717 65,075 240 3,975 4,962 6,641 3,150 3,845 250 1,161 2,272 586 11,564 1,697 100 3,600 405 25,782 2,360 5,238 24,279 9,568 5,313 11,822 8,908 8,017 3,730 5,723 28,479 4,640 Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools 16 17 18 2,221,999 95,630 2,891 104 487,824 3,669 652 105 174,328 40 106 310,559 49,507 794 107 227,310 13,072 839 108 257,805 3,970 140 109 481,031 24,664 316 110 283,142 748 110 111 12,719,934 551,798 10,133 112 203,791 113 232,428 15,889 60 114 146,624 33,215 199 115 199,121 24,953 569 116 68,098 5,472 117 190,388 1,837 199 118 63,855 4,500 79 119 39,888 30 120 157,337 1,618 250 121 239,163 266 72 122 182,061 81 123 159,468 202 124 473,786 7,115 115 125 244,985 11,015 289 126 221,800 5,294 474 127 259,613 90,325 128 145,481 7,268 109 129 156,178 24,431 160 130 227,246 3,708 439 131 244 , 694 28,232 482 132 114,359 9,340 300 133 150,865 339 134 412,804 780 135 530,082 16,348 330 136 268,817 472 15 137 221,286 2,500 145 138 142,321 5,483 8 139 98,911 140 145,979 376 141 443,056 5,803 657 142 125,995 831 90 143 191,532 1,020 205 144 375,976 4,937 164 145 255,815 216 146 323,047 11,684 147 269,084 14,310 153 148 240,673 2,723 215 149 376,120 46,215 147 150 119,686 5,960 88 151 242,292 2,076 249 152 118,834 153 117,565 154 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 TABLE 4.— GROUP Hi Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I llinois — continued 155 18 69 1,633 1,634 2,687 497,207 Mount Vernon: 156 6 13 67 1,282 1,217 2,100 388,506 157 High-School District 3 _ 21 24 644 595 1,092 196,584 Ottawa: 158 6 6 62 1,078 1,007 1,676 318,497 159 High-School District 4 _ 12 23 484 472 844 152,907 160 Park Ridge _ 2 3 47 897 792 1,411 268,218 Pekin: 161 Elementary District _ 1 6 81 1,433 1,434 2,495 464,051 162 21 32 606 605 1,035 186,349 Sterling: 163 Elementary Dist. No. 134. 3 2 2 44 826 867 1,412 256,940 164 1 13 22 320 321 578 102,884 165 1 14 278 290 522 97,081 166 2 8 79 1,146 1,147 1,870 355,320 West Frankfort: 167 4 45 719 723 1,399 258,815 168 High-School District 4 .. l 19 13 434 433 788 141,792 169 Wilmette _ _ 4 3 6 65 942 857 1,472 272,343 Winnetka: 170 Elementary District _ 1 4 11 62 784 678 1,182 211,689 171 High-School District _ 6 60 67 1,248 1,302 2,187 384,912 172 Indiana _ _ 35 98 574 1,551 32,646 32,561 55,290 9,778,163 173 Bedford _ 4 6 68 12 1,078 1,109 2,084 381,414 174 Bloomington _ 3 29 91 1,780 1,939 3,235 563,002 175 Columbus _ 1 3 30 64 1,423 1,406 2,283 410,797 176 Connersville _ 2 7 14 63 1,279 1,333 2,179 383,519 177 Crawf ordsville _ 2 21 61 1,110 1,115 1,907 339,367 178 Elwood _ _ 4 14 49 1,145 1,010 1,815 316,646 179 Frankfort _ 5 30 74 1,541 1,560 2,668 464,232 180 Goshen. _ _ 5 3 22 47 1,111 1,165 1,977 345,778 181 Huntington _ 1 7 22 64 1,123 1,188 2,018 363,240 182 Jeffersonville _ 1 25 57 1,174 1,217 1,960 337,145 183 La Fayette _ 3 11 36 579 553 981 166,572 184 La Porte _ 4 2 22 74 1,421 1,452 2,400 456,036 185 Logansport _ 2 26 81 1,886 1,712 2,778 486,150 186 Marion _ 1 9 32 138 2,693 2,588 4,491 808,441 187 Michigan City _ 2 4 28 98 1,942 1,954 3,361 568,009 188 Mishawaka _ _ .. 5 9 34 135 2,650 2,645 4,472 796,036 189 New Albany _ _ _ 7 8 39 104 2,396 2,308 3,865 668,738 190 New Castle _ 3 7 28 94 1,851 1,901 3,149 560,397 191 Peru _ 2 22 53 1,185 1,099 2,001 354,647 192 Shelbyville _ 2 22 50 943 1,008 1,671 285,012 193 Vincennes _ _ _ 7 22 66 1,615 1,584 2,673 473,127 194 Whiting _ 2 13 40 721 715 1,322 249,858 195 Iowa _ _ 22 86 225 1,308 21,041 21,537 35,897 6,446,773 196 Ames _ 4 5 14 73 1,184 1,152 1,991 347,406 197 Boone _ _ 4 8 14 74 1,298 1,345 2,192 385,877 198 Burlington 4 _ _ _ 9 31 168 2,644 2,639 4,384 832,960 Clinton: 199 City District _ 5 7 19 109 1,688 1,778 3,015 545,752 200 Lyons District _ 2 6 31 546 547 928 168,896 201 Fort Dodge . . 1 12 19 117 1,937 2,010 3,548 624,448 202 Fort Madison _ 2 4 12 47 933 932 1,595 283,910 203 Iowa City _ 3 4 14 76 1,193 1,207 2,070 362,273 204 Keokuk _ 3 15 80 1,244 1,337 2,156 388,143 205 Marshalltown _ 12 113 1,751 1,738 2,883 501,680 206 Mason City _ 12 21 176 2,576 2,611 4,376 752,670 207 Muscatine.. . _ 10 14 95 1,752 1,775 2,718 543,717 208 Newton. _ . 6 17 79 1,267 1,389 2,225 392,130 209 Oskaloosa _ _ _ 3 4 17 70 1,028 1,077 1,816 316,911 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS * 53 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other ’ school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total * current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3,500 168,977 4,890 4,388 12,412 254,353 25,000 64 155 14,246 125,595 2,299 177,613 6,132 321 156 78| 462 10,655 132,143 3,126 157 18,214 113,956 1,872 9,268 187,400 243 136 158 6,200 76,609 5,760 4,082 126,178 2,738 120 159 6,863 116,982 1,586 3,173 176,631 41,762 302 160 2,345 161,461 2,386 222,268 18,213 442 161 111,072 4,836 165,362 1,684 180 162 6,400 5,700 88,007 1,300 156 3,477 142,078 2,723 5 163 5,750 78,535 2,990 925 7,122 129,147 10,034 164 2,840 21,752 1,055 37,915 60 62 165 6,823 160,031 1,714 7,211 241,121 7,579 214 166 106,350 132,010 2,000 55 167 5,000 82,097 3,428 116,466 168 11,107 11,322 168,310 3,784 2,706 11,534 296,981 17,718 363 169 3,489 18,765 209,626 6,434 646 8,127 327,521 6S5 485 170 42,675 461,864 19,886 16,337 713,643 15,940 419 171 100,119 291,961 4,715,055 76,850 7,214 155,787 7,145,972 300,625 1,946 172 13,912 16,850 171,575 2,680 5,035 273,727 173 9,985 260,913 2,878 8,502 389,774 18,168 15 174 3,000 8,575 182,203 5,243 8,991 284,935 5,089 83 175 6,881 18,604 162,606 1,485 4,030 257,422 29,747 69 176 9,550 179,226 4,070 5,945 260,452 674 88 177 11,668 125,635 1,545 3,317 191,901 1,718 39 178 11,049 216,765 2,115 3,249 292,212 4,782 141 179 7,977 8,535 145,794 1,129 4,610 230,916 1,989 77 180 2,600 20,450 214,319 1,677 6,493 322,097 3,892 42 181 3,000 170,881 2,238 231,868 995 65 182 7,930 103,468 3,850 4,466 159,565 4,283 35 183 8,850 9,644 236,101 6,578 9,589 368,738 9,310 2 184 8,649 250,128 4,885 7,642 369,765 9,387 183 185 4,200 29,034 368,278 5,764 7,214 9,874 535,883 61,292 143 186 4,916 13,885 292,989 3,859 7,922 417,267 12,784 267 187 12,311 26,404 411,822 8,117 22,429 628,755 10,945 20 188 19,122 21,761 264,562 4,884 10,414 440,644 16,814 232 18 » 16,350 19,458 269,588 6,206 7,478 397,376 4,972 72 190 6,566 196,268 1,430 4,818 293,193 9,899 87 191 6,782 170,644 1,397 6,057 256,467 1,862 111 192 13 , 785 180,757 2,910 7,472 291,267 5,497 114 193 9,797 140,533 4,148 5,216 251,748 86,526 61 194 61,048 225,749 2,779,121 30,496 34,102 125,095 4,359,638 156,846 3,318 195 14,359 18,263 151,794 3,102 1,347 7,753 270,569 17,469 137 196 9,180 16,250 158,655 1,309 7,091 248,480 3,532 176 197 23,950 322,059 3,053 12,898 9,694 512,321 24,336 344 198 11,907 20,894 259,894 5,264 3,013 9,681 404,690 15,335 197 199 4,875 70,752 1,452 106,013 21 200 4,500 21,034 275,054 4,961 4,247 17,319 439,668 10,702 430 201 5,400 13,700 114,065 2,150 5,321 188,741 6,287 91 202 5,450 11,955 164,138 2,139 9,182 268,508 271 203 9,920 191,912 2,682 10,706 297,547 12 , 359 25 204 224 , 283 17,539 327 , 957 11,610 558 205 32,380 320,237 3,164 6,456 11,635 540,144 25,592 576 206 27,664 221,763 3,149 1,515 271,030 t 1 , 506 356 207 12,827 173,718 828 2,992 *6,059 267,435 21,857 70 208 10,252 12,037 130,797 1,844 10,1481 216,535| . 6,261 661209 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4.— GROUP ill Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men iwomen Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 210 Kansas _ _ 5 79 327 1,195 22,749 22,664 37,159 6,565,071 211 Arkansas City _ _ 2 3 23 70 1,668 1,648 2,576 456,265 212 Atchison _ _ _ __ 1 1 18 60 1,108 1,078 1,882 327,393 213 2 17 68 1,205 1,164 1,980 347,018 214 11 37 96 1,996 2,049 3,266 568 , 265 215 19 66 1 , 320 1,317 2,169 389,806 216 15 79 1,273 1,253 2,061 364,918 217 Fort Scott _ .. 1 2 20 55 940 926 1,534 272,908 218 20 55 1,288 1,259 2,120 375,306 219 8 17 95 1,664 1,615 2,668 461,639 220 Leavenworth _ - 1 14 84 1,410 1,438 2,254 405,708 221 2 20 60 1,211 1,193 1,933 334 , 409 222 3 23 63 1,190 1 , 233 2,083 374 , 978 223 2 12 59 1,039 1,029 1,676 294,999 224 8 21 75 1,534 1,566 2,637 474 , 660 225 8 20 89 1,649 1,595 2,565 457,596 226 3 31 121 2,254 2,301 3,755 659,203 227 Kentucky. . 12 40 81 531 9,129 9,322 16,014 2,881,871 228 Ashland .... 2 14 29 171 3,033 3,007 5,169 925,282 229 Bowling Green _ ... 4 2 9 66 1,098 1,119 2,005 355,310 230 Fort Thomas _ _ 4 4 10 33 579 565 1,017 198,132 231 Frankfort _ 3 4 53 758 830 1,379 257,946 232 Henderson _ _ 2 12 76 1,213 1,270 2,159 378,078 233 Hopkinsville _ 6 9 73 1,046 1,127 1,890 343,209 234 Middlesboro _ 4 8 59 1,402 1,404 2,395 423,914 235 Louisiana _ 2 17 31 280 5,297 5,575 9,576 1,723,719 236 Bogalusa _ 1 4 12 108 1,810 1,897 3,404 612,720 237 Lake Charles _ 7 10 84 1,830 1,892 3,209 577,656 238 Monroe _ _ 1 6 9 88 1,657 1,786 2,963 533,343 239 Maine _ ... 5 28 144 740 12,079 12,311 21,057 3,734,135 240 Auburn _ ... 1 24 100 1,779 1,776 3,144 561,696 241 Augusta. _ 1 18 85 1,331 1,422 2,438 432,003 242 Bangor _ _ 1 5 28 156 2,200 2,287 3,910 702,236 243 Bath . . . . . . 2 11 72 1,329 1,368 2,092 367,416 244 Biddeford _ _ 2 3 38 571 550 884 155,522 245 Rumford _ 1 17 46 746 746 1,351 243,664 246 South Portland - — 4 8 19 113 2,027 1,963 3,559 617,329 247 Waterville. . . .. 7 14 74 1,186 1,243 2,048 362,652 248 Westbrook _ ... 1 10 56 910 956 1,631 291,617 249 Massachusetts _ 128 223 854 3,865 60,130 58,839 105,683 18,690,487 250 Adams _ _ 6 9 49 806 811 1,490 269,741 251 Amesbury _ . _ 2 16 40 582 667 1,112 197,197 252 Andover _ . 4 7 11 42 665 646 1,164 199,570 253 Athol _ .. _ 2 14 56 941 970 1,685 296,655 254 Attleboro _ _ _ 8 15 108 1,586 1,608 2,911 514,986 255 Belmont _ 6 8 44 137 1,920 2,119 3,552 636,611 256 Beverly . . __ 4 10 38 131 2,007 1,754 3,295 595,225 257 Braintree _ 1 4 20 121 1,760 1,768 3,117 560,104 258 Clinton _ ... 1 16 45 657 802 1,272 228,881 259 Danvers _ _ _ _ 3 6 9 66 980 1,046 1,815 321,262 260 Dedham.. _ _ 5 7 16 96 1,309 1,221 2,236 382,816 261 Easthampton _ _ 2 9 38 478 596 953 171,640 262 Fairhaven _ _ 5 7 55 826 874 1,535 274,325 263 Framingham. _ 7 10 22 111 1,815 1,790 3,185 564,500 264 Gardner. - . . — 1 1 12 62 1,011 968 1,806 311,667 265 Gloucester - - .. 7 2 30 108 1,892 1,833 3,273 552,256 266 Greenfield _ _ . . — 1 2 22 79 1,275 1,167 2,152 383,333 267 Leominster _ 2 34 94 1,395 1,315 2,412 429,944 268 Lexington _ _ _ _ 4 14 1 78 1 , 206 1,196 2,166 386,584 269 Marblehead __ . _ 3 12 68 997 966 1,780 309,892 270 Marlboro. . _ . .. 3 3 9 59 837 798 1,423 251,541 271! Melrose _ ...... 3 51 27! 116 1,891 1,808 3,382 601,126 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12,644 220,782 2,791,492 28,758 233 145,063 4,169,389 94,835 1,583 210 6,000 9,700 187,140 5,100 8,200 262,965 7,400 78 211 2,500 4,000 136,865 3,094 200 3,500 208,947 10,206 88 212 6,700 152,977 3,686 211,123 1,573 130 213 30,450 234 i 263 27 , 448 377,642 6,771 193 214 20,066 155; 383 11,823 243 , 459 92 81 215 16,900 172,140 10,845 269, 104 3,145 138 216 1,644 5,999 119,927 1,475 10,986 196,851 132 217 14; 375 139; 159 2; 820 9,589 221,586 1,137 137 218 19,736 214,157 7,041 327,135 6,990 219 2,500 17,272 167; 688 2,308 6,428 229,022 7,550 144 220 6,500 153,454 2,698 33 6,645 199,627 14,807 33 221 10,260 168,404 2,190 8,747 238,278 4,807 153 222 6,500 127 ; 324 1 ; 320 6,086 187 , 989 1,675 79 223 20,341 169,468 3; 058 6,797 292,056 20,418 6 224 19 , 000 187 , 242 4,196 278 , 506 8,264 128 225 12; 983 305; 901 13,046 425,099 63 226 24,453 98,899 948,347 7,053 21,632 1,433,673 15,453 406 227 3,670 38,074 324,128 3,000 6,573 466,908 2,163 92 228 6,246 4,913 112,249 2,544 158,289 844 65 229 10,400 11,366 101,615 1,850 3,611 176,104 4,375 112 230 9,000 86,193 128,726 1,170 231 4,137 15,873 134,676 2,203 4,258 215,866 6,901 232 11,664 103,410 3,148 154,898 8 233 8,009 86,076 1,498 132,882 129 234 4,750 43,322 495,009 2,406 5,655 10,145 764,225 154,304 522 235 2,305 9,374 173,839 5,655 6,722 254,634 99,441 39 236 19,113 163,346 966 1,343 260,736 40,482 237 2,445 14,835 157,824 1,440 2,080 248,855 14,381 483 238 13,661 87,470 1,548,555 17,390 72,981 46,134 2,470,661 26,566 1,488 239 3,750 258 , 720 8,501 7,203 369,761 4,430 335 240 3,750 178,203 5,601 4,033 248,940 4,140 91 241 3,500 21,276 297,415 8,376 36,650 10,550 504,748 6,318 535 242 6,350 155,872 6,351 6,067 244 , 690 150 243 5,162 69,421 1,698 629 1,279 181,785 244 3,750 104,868 4,530 6,725 184,182 10,072 93 245 10,161 22,832 262,730 3,264 6,255 5,759 402,318 1,606 273 246 17,000 145,701 2,082 3,135 2,936 222,966 6 247 3,600 75,625 1,970 1,329 1,582 111,271 5 248 346,806 723,058 10,243,042 161,398 195,577 377,340 15,919,343 187,629 1,811 249 15,289 110,548 45 3,196 5,311 185,920 402 1 250 6,367 104,836 1,357 1,847 4,419 158,510 473 251 11,106 19,603 113,456 3,522 20,479 217,198 252 6,865 136,645 2,058 4,580 4,651 214,507 435 84 253 23 , 660 249 , 602 1,756 5,633 6,278 359,521 22,434 254 19,200 28,800 444,603 18,432 7,953 19,740 674,519 611 5 255 12,412 25,128 348,955 7,324 6,256 12,166 556,806 1,481 17 256 3,964 15,826 287,502 600 3,275 11,099 426,477 1,351 257 4,270 146,443 1,507 1,854 1,379 203,053 258 6,839 16,812 154,312 3,016 2,819 5,434 241,582 101 259 12,368 23,080 246,038 5,056 5,304 3,462 385,558 631 260 5,650 93,633 1,800 1,218 3,524 147,359 4,479 45 261 13,100 111,802 1,221 2,803 3,252 183,044 150 40 262 17,500 32,500 314,084 3,582 7,476 474,813 1,028 29 263 2,433 4,500 170,036 1,706 3,284 5,289 244 , 537 1,037 264 17,500 7,100 292,564 1,922 5,872 9,790 488,000 5,781 40 265 4,150 6,600 221,226 4,550 5,825 11,890 335,300 1,109 266 8,600 291,772 9,453 4,500 9,000 430,575 267 14,100 203,073 2,395 4,464 9,668 306 , 294 268 10,500 189,071 2,517 5,780 4,001 280,446 14,715 80 269 6,050 8,200 119,613 1,600 2,787 8,620 213,456 20,423 270 9,000 20,000 346,227 3,229 7,482 6,765 495,437 1,677 34 271 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP !li Pebsonnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Massachusetts — continued 272 Methuen _ _ 10 10 13 88 1,418 1,384 2,519 438,801 273 Milford _ _ _ _ 2 2 5 70 915 894 1,543 268,569 274 Milton _ 4 7 23 101 1,503 1,440 2,622 472,202 275 2 20 78 1,331 1,219 2,261 396,417 276 Needham _ _ _ _ 4 4 14 80 1,186 1,260 2,213 386,748 277 N ewburyport _ _ _ 2 8 6 67 855 936 1,578 276,104 278 North Adams _ 9 7 15 98 1,569 1,491 2,699 468,273 279 Northampton _ _ _ 4 5 14 98 1,268 1,313 2,294 410,625 280 North Attleboro _ 1 11 39 626 627 1,131 198,939 281 Northbridge _ 1 1 14 39 733 709 1,331 236,308 282 Norwood _ _ _ _ 1 6 13 78 1,086 985 1,804 315,891 283 Peabody _ _ 9 22 102 1,462 1,430 2,575 458,473 284 5 12 72 1,161 1,067 2,036 357,714 285 Reading _ _ _ __ _ 4 21 71 1,177 1,066 1,956 344,780 286 Saugus _ 3 2 23 72 1,506 1,470 2,690 471,143 287 Southbrid.se _ _ 2 7 23 54 1,111 862 1,621 290,159 288 Stoneham _ 2 2 11 50 823 803 1,473 263,818 289 Swampscott _ 1 4 11 56 733 716 1,315 232,419 290 Wakefield _ _ _ 3 4 19 76 1,425 1,378 2,518 446,812 291 Webster _ _ _ 4 2 12 37 530 592 1,020 181,551 292 Wellesley _ _ _ 1 2 21 105 1,458 1,365 2,475 436,204 293 Westfield _ _ 2 7 17 90 1,319 1,337 2,367 428,117 294 West Springfield _ _ 7 6 15 95 1,345 1,294 2,261 404,713 295 Weymouth _ _ 11 5 39 131 2,413 2,280 4,150 749,859 296 Winchester _ .. 2 3 19 71 1,315 1,234 2,226 396,077 297 Winthrop _ 8 6 16 90 1,445 1,477 2,568 459,286 298 Woburn _ 2 19 98 1,581 1,487 2,721 460,629 299 Michigan . _ 32 119 668 2,510 47,090 46,694 83,503 15,920,199 300 Adrian _ _ 1 7 23 83 1,645 1,646 2,837 539,030 301 Alpena _ _ _ 1 23 55 1,099 1,049 1,718 322,761 302 Ann Arbor _ _ 2 7 43 125 2,294 2,295 4,347 825,930 303 Benton Harbor .. _ 1 2 27 97 1,869 1,870 3,167 601,730 304 Birmingham _ 5 18 90 1,293 1,296 2,393 454,670 305 Calumet _ 2 3 9 45 878 877 1,573 289,434 306 Ecorse _ 3 4 20 78 1,586 1,587 2,680 536,000 307 Escanaba _ 1 2 19 73 1,337 1,330 2,394 426,087 308 Ferndale _ 9 38 141 '2,904 2,883 5,498 1,099,600 309 Grosse Pointe _ 11 50 166 2,778 2,653 4,623 855,185 310 Holland _ 3 26 99 1,343 1,314 2,432 447,488 311 Iron Mountain _ _ 5 2 13 56 1,069 994 1,876 358,491 312 Iron wood _ 1 2 18 55 1,050 1,072 1,872 338,871 313 Lincoln Park _ __ 7 16 114 2,161 2,161 3,989 797,800 314 Marquette _ 3 13 69 938 976 1,672 304,304 315 Menominee _ _ _ 1 20 50 1,060 1,040 1,871 355,490 316 Midland _ 1 7 32 90 1,585 1,668 2,967 542,961 317 Monroe _ _ . _ _ 3 5 41 105 2,088 1,952 3,367 612,739 318 Mount Clemens _ 1 12 98 1,802 1,803 2,875 575,000 319 Muskegon Heights _ 3 2 23 94 1,965 1,976 3,429 685,800 320 Niles _ _ 1 1 20 79 1,325 1,369 2,500 440,000 321 Owosso _ 3 7 20 75 1,762 1,764 3,104 620,800 322 River Rouge _ 5 27 77 1,440 1,442 2,698 538,934 323 Royal Oak _ 1 13 32 188 3. .652 3,655 6,653 1,330,600 St. Clair Shores: 324 Lake Shore Dist. No. 1 _ _ 2 6 21 431 451 767 153,400 325 Lakeview District No. 2_ _ 1 6 24 448 396 755 151,000 326 South Lake District No. 3 4 1 7 28 577 601 1,050 180,600 327 Sault Sainte Marie _ 2 21 82 1,937 1,849 3,289 597,346 328 Traverse City _ 1 4 29 74 1,430 1,433 2,746 494,280 329 Ypsilanti _ 1 16 79 1,344 1,292 2,361 443,868 330 Minnesota _ 31 i 57 306 1,114 16,749 16,427 29,187 5,051,976 331 Albert Lea _ 3 3 20 80 1,553 1,554 2,655 456,714 332 Austin _ 1 1 33 124 2,208 2,195 3,856 663,232 333 Brainerd _ 2 1 9 13 81 1,339 1,356 2,270 392,710 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 23,000 40,000 220,996 4,490 6,614 392,777 165 6; 000 7,000 144,602 2,059 2,000 217,741 394 80 12,000 21,000 302,353 4,927 6,677 448,168 1,431 172 8,135 196,182 3,766 4,653 7,891 297,904 2,892 91 16,349 16,118 197,903 2,820 5,192 5,684 325,862 3,629 5,724 17,178 128,612 3,904 2,710 166 204,785 121 19,422 20,272 220,495 3,350 5,265 12,618 358,599 4,375 81 12,000 17,500 260,365 2,425 3,548 3,306 388,108 16,088 38 4,000 95,900 2,074 1,945 4,558 144,326 6,328 3,000 3,900 103,775 1,500 2,045 4,210 160,466 555 18 2,621 19,398 229,818 3,800 5,180 375,739 1,600 150 26,553 265,420 3,505 5,210 4,740 416,069 47 131803 180 i 190 4,220 4,469 10,263 289,133 642 60 14,034 202,256 12,747 3,393 13,766 321,810 4,236 62 8,748 7,000 191,372 1,560 4,280 6,071 '283,117 15,307 6,050 22,631 161,248 4,863 4,959 12,050 281,765 3,443 110 8,300 6,900 122,304 2,400 2,905 8,588 199,149 1,337 45 2,500 14,000 155,583 2,689 3,158 4,001 241,992 163 5,932 13,491 211,675 2,563 4,400 6,182 316,160 192 10,400 6,400 90,002 3,038 4,659 3,512 158,768 1,193 3,300 9,000 290,687 3,600 4,593 16,304 436,221 20,918 6,000 22,400 240,117 3,201 2,810 10,142 386,729 12,821 17,937 225,039 4,548 3,348 11,794 360,986 16,691 35,572 22,706 374,148 4,964 7,265 13,422 619,845 7,184 66 6,000 9,000 248,394 4,800 2,496 13,281 360,377 18,545 20,940 236,704 4,163 4,926 7,992 358,699 812 30 5,212 250,861 3,632 1,758 2,635 351,136 1 97,201 441,528 7,637,294 163,971 68,972 428,726 12,252,279 386,025 14,492 4,395 24,055 250,147 3,513 2,578 21,212 389,243 9,369 144 3,570 167,799 2,504 8,257 257,804 21,148 137 6,754 30,352 505,047 12,335 25,456 850,078 7,993 311 3,175 8,350 286,759 2,377 17,364 423,763 15,484 150 18,936 263,500 6,625 3,670 15,559 437,634 10,826 588 5,047 10,129 87,772 1,100 300 5,286 171,562 489 9,384 16,135 267,677 5,000 7,118 8,613 404,416 9,522 465 ,3,286 7,322 178,766 5,817 18,117 287,112 1,253 259 37,157 488,549 11,109 3,740 16,568 741,942 12,686 1,175 45,765 606,961 28,967 3,085 56,846 1,115,053 96,607 3,314 10,878 265,859 3,854 2,317 17,566 372,386 38,735 151 13,332 6,495 120,464 976 1,208 7,766 219,683 1,951 13 2,700 7,360 145,924 6,641 2,146 5,061 263,605 1,773 112 26,403 323,831 11,914 4,040 6,654 514,151 8,643 1935 6,219 4,906 166,593 600 10,134 260,998 5,655 280 4,351 144,861 1,903 3,687 7,835 220,379 6,494 3,350 21,879 282,150 5,996 24,762 457,471 11,585 758 13,478 17,508 330,744 10,173 25,954 557,457 14,681 295 4,425 245,646 2,118 2,495 7,355 361,475 1,079 299 9,618 9,000 264,125 4,065 3,116 12,667 414,632 7,313 439 3 003 4,276 215,358 2,687 4,841 314,744 26 7,180 19,926 208,917 18,416 352,061 4,209 155 21,475 297,688 7,406 9,657 479,394 29,732 738 4,546 48,906 621,702 20,000 5,639 34,896 1,014,836 36,751 1,683 5,600 54,138 2,035 4,324 93,593 1,878 195 3,289 62,384 3,523 1,001 105,087 199 355 3,000 68,670 6,395 112,350 782 215 7,050 244,908 9,670 5,448 13,341 373,408 13,419 89 1,734 8,950 211,402 2,842 3,949 8,035 330,494 14,391 79 4,080 258,953 2,152 505 8,788 355,468 1,378 132 102,324 189,030 3,079,612 47,090 64,001 184,943 5,454,923 97,356 4,462 7,575 8,100 212,664 2,435 4,055 10,896 333,883 1,287 280 8,024 8,025 328,878 6,820 16,657 502,168 9,819 475 3,850 14,050 176,715 4,280 3,234 12,153 311,399 3,084 243 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 Minnesota — continued 334 Faribault _ 1 1 17 50 896 896 1,548 264,708 335 2 14 68 965 1,114 1,852 318,524 336 Hibbing.. . _ _ 1 5 38 161 1,281 1,103 2,082 371,978 337 Mankato _ _ 1 2 19 69 1,250 1,069 1,996 343,312 338 Rochester _ _ _ 6 10 39 135 2,097 2,078 3,658 629,176 339 St. Cloud _ _ 1 9 22 62 1,431 1,393 2,557 445,170 340 South St. Paul _ 3 4 25 75 1,342 1,345 2,620 445,400 341 Virginia . . - - . 5 4 40 102 1,244 1,224 2,158 386,282 342 Winona _ _ 7 7 26 107 1,143 1,100 1,935 334,770 343 Mississippi _ 9 64 70 907 17,562 18,357 29,693 5,288,463 344 Biloxi _ _ __ 8 3 85 1,435 1,450 2,469 431,812 345 Clarksdale _ _ 1 5 3 62 1,351 1,353 2,149 386,820 346 6 8 97 1,978 2,188 3,359 587 , 700 347 Greenville _ _ 2 7 10 102 2,331 2,332 3,799 683,820 348 5 12 84 1,625 1,625 2,830 508,770 349 Gulfport . . . — 1 6 4 78 1,623 1,624 2,562 461,160 350 Hattiesburg _ _ 2 10 9 113 2,261 2,236 3,580 633,660 351 Laurel _ . 1 11 7 126 2,252 2,467 4,023 708,048 352 Natchez _ - .. . . _ 1 8 73 1,261 1,427 2,242 403 , 560 353 Vicksburg _ 2 5 6 87 1,445 1,655 2,680 483,113 354 Missouri _ 29 87 279 1,452 24,656 24,015 40,764 7,419,934 355 Cape Girardeau. . . 1 6 22 94 1,416 1,355 2,489 440,557 356 Carthage _ _ _ _ 1 5 6 68 989 1,028 1,838 331,290 357 Clayton - - 3 7 19 91 1,235 1,198 2,022 380,053 358 Columbia _ .. 2 4 22 91 1,610 1,425 2,532 455,695 359 Hannibal . . - 3 8 22 95 1,704 1,720 2,869 507,753 360 Independence _ — . 1 4 15 125 2,308 2,310 3,804 684,778 361 Jefferson City _ 2 2 14 83 1,443 1,460 2,356 424,035 362 Kirksville _ 1 3 11 55 933 939 1,487 267,631 363 Kirkwood. - - 7 9 20 97 1,864 1,828 3,077 587 , 740 364 Maplewood _ 5 7 22 100 1,485 1,444 2,479 456,564 365 Moberly _ 1 2 14 71 952 966 1,684 303,074 366 Overland. . . . . . 2 7 13 125 2,553 2,373 3,970 726,510 367 Poplar Bluff _ 3 10 69 1,547 1,573 2,301 407,277 368 St. Charles _ _ 6 11 50 888 867 1,401 273 , 284 369 Sedalia. . _ _ 8 19 105 1,631 1,556 2,860 512,089 370 Webster Grove _ 6 39 133 2,098 1,973 3,595 661,604 371 Montana . . 13 35 107 561 9,819 9,743 16,407 2,910,922 372 Anaconda _ 4 8 58 821 797 1,380 241,555 373 Billings _ 2 8 31 151 2,780 2,864 4,769 810,790 374 Great Falls. . . . . 6 12 29 179 3,001 2,965 5,125 928,384 375 Helena _ .. _ 3 20 72 1,176 1,144 2,010 361,746 Missoula: 376 Elementary District _ 3 7 2 78 1,452 1,322 2,221 404,222 377 High-School District _ 2 1 17 23 589 651 902 164,225 378 Nebraska _ 5 28 103 606 10,635 10,940 17,954 3,199,950 379 Beatrice _ 2 11 76 966 988 1,563 275,088 380 Fremont 3 10 75 1,237 1,266 2,313 410,346 381 Grand Island . . . 1 3 25 123 2,088 2,255 3,564 641,684 382 Hastings _ _ 3 8 19 108 2,202 2,202 3,500 630,000 383 Norfolk _ _ 2 10 51 933 982 1,602 281,639 384 North Platte - 1 9 13 83 1,607 1,596 2,737 492,888 385 Scottsbluff _ 1 15 90 1,602 1,651 2,675 468 , 305 386 Nevada. . . 1 5 25 118 2,346 2,256 3,491 631,879 387 Reno - - - 1 5 25 118 2,346 2,256 3,491 631,879 388 New Hampshire _ 18 24 146 548 8,880 8,654 15,156 2,663,621 389 Berlin _ 1 17 45 653 593 1,109 199,620 390 Claremont _ 1 11 50 851 789 1,450 259 , 267 391 Concord _ 9 7 26 112 1,607 1,561 2,690 470,750 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 — Continued Current expenditures full-time dat schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 4,525 5,510 137,423 2,368 3,473 10,996 237,674 15,655 16 334 4,982 130,795 985 3,831 5,088 200,511 712 273 335 4,000 20 , 000 458,443 8,895 28,664 981 , 309 5,915 336 2,840 9,870 181,522 2,750 3,387 11,810 276,884 6,556 1,095 337 16,700 36,450 387,838 11 ,760 9,683 31,420 689,791 33,066 2,080 338 3,308 22,741 232,408 8,955 7,6U6 13,240 394,148 6,086 339 10,773 18,287 241,740 3,231 3,446 6,888 366,723 4,220 340 10,229 16,515 347,115 10,326 4,327 21,935 739,843 1,741 341 24 , 500 24 , 500 244,071 5,244 15,196 420,590 9,215 342 18,260 144,036 1,294,236 15,456 41,847 1,943,641 7,595 1,244 343 15,160 118,068 778 4,322 192,172 344 2,965 13,192 91,460 1,843 3,415 147,366 5,428 101 345 10,150 125,494 563 3,952 177,870 2,167 183 346 4,825 18,104 148,215 3,368 12,853 235,061 73 347 15,986 120^628 1,200 3,750 180,034 23 348 1,500 12,567 108 , 564 900 1,781 159,082 565 349 3,700 20,200 163,521 5,239 4,732 280,113 350 2,000 23,618 196,605 260,757 351 3,504 101,918 1,759 133,558 109 352 3,270 11,555 119,763 1,565 5,283 177,628 190 353 67,998 251,739 3,030,795 65,578 85,090 182,455 4,901,775 581,820 6,381 354 2,000 13,628 174,907 1,863 6,496 9,057 260,516 15,974 60 355 2,581 11,005 97,314 958 1,854 6,997 160,217 10,735 69 356 7 , 920 29,360 270,236 11,247 9,019 19,290 483,552 120,556 657 357 3,523 13,719 165,858 5 , 652 5,617 5,473 255,033 1,171 209 358 6,101 17,786 167,969 5,668 3,022 9,936 283,686 6,325 257 359 2,820 10,032 251 , 605 4,907 4,427 11,916 361,342 401 360 5,162 6,460 168,675 3,296 3,877 8,961 252 , 065 5,158 315 361 1,803 7,422 87,223 14 , 398 138,616 7,636 143 362 10,718 27,912 253,230 3,570 9,746 22,053 449,896 42,604 849 363 16,638 22,458 252,634 2,668 5,984 16,843 432,866 18,974 872 364 2,700 6,566 102,588 1,762 4,835 3,311 168,273 6,626 186 365 6,032 23,541 262,885 2,405 9,586 14,249 430,563 68,627 220 366 6,580 108,164 1,630 3,773 10,039 172,211 3,176 197 367 12,567 111,338 1,560 4,373 177,429 2,243 152 368 14,497 179,686 8,111 5,784 4,540 276,658 6,871 800 369 28,206 376,483 10,281 11,070 21,019 598,852 265,144 994 370 37,142 103,440 1,429,397 20,296 42,025 66,434 2,322,134 31,955 1,987 371 12,030 146,428 2,200 2,904 6,391 253,026 841 372 7,600 23,813 380,522 5,548 10,032 13,491 570,358 9,287 529 373 17,475 37,155 440,474 6,285 7,398 26,665 714,087 13,710 288 374 11,371 197,363 4,231 4,146 12,034 345,561 3,674 781 375 6,446 14,571 160,811 13,711 3,184 263,410 720 88 376 5,621 4,500 103,799 2,032 3,834 4,669 175,692 3,723 301 377 14 , 250 78,548 1,264,195 15,065 29,832 56,002 1,881,387 49,442 927 378 6,292 151,729 1,937 5,725 8,435 233,657 11,524 183 379 9,460 146,448 2,012 2,885 7,455 211,098 3,984 380 3,208 12,100 253,231 2,839 5,075 10,858 375,108 23,107 381 7,106 20,506 262,861 1,350 5,347 9,290 376,730 3,289 140 382 5,500 121,873 1,892 1,546 5,056 180,941 1,544 383 3,936 21,169 153,575 1,688 5,200 11,076 257,691 1,071 358 384 3,521 174,478 3,347 4,054 3,832 246,162 4,923 246 385 5,500 13,500 169,221 4,500 6,180 11,905 296,564 14,722 1,562 386 5, 500 13,500 169,221 4,500 6,180 11,905 296,564 14,722 1,562 387 41,408 66,145 1,208,011 13,674 27,784 76,326 2,006,934 39,042 441 388 4,363 116,501 3,526 2,357 6,920 188,610 3,200 50 389 4,325 110,071 1,384 6,263 178,270 2,033 73 390 19,358 16,537 228,060 3,561 5,652 8,7271 383,317 2,147 391 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP III City Personnel and attendance Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 New Hampshire — continued 392 14 58 966 964 1,702 299,552 393 Keene . . _ . - _ 5 1 22 63 1,308 1,311 2,299 402,426 394 Laconia _ 3 2 18 57 846 884 1,574 277,024 395 10 23 112 1,676 1,663 2,747 476,022 396 Rochester _ _ . _ __ 1 1 15 51 973 889 1,585 278,960 397 New Jersey _ 79 231 1,018 4,286 67,113 66,676 113,190 20,505,272 398 6 19 106 1,573 1,658 2,640 475,200 399 8 24 156 2,431 2,417 4,219 788,935 400 9 67 1,050 1,002 1,765 305,345 401 Bridgeton _ _ _ _ 1 6 25 120 1,769 1,990 3,087 568,008 402 Burlington _ 3 5 12 71 1,020 999 1,719 307,688 403 5 12 75 816 782 1,387 250,393 404 Cliffside Park _ 5 25 76 1,159 1,161 1,900 345,846 405 2 22 77 1,253 1,250 2,160 393,267 406 Cranford _ _ 1 4 20 85 1,481 1,366 2,357 429,014 407 Dover 4 _ 2 5 16 68 1,105 1,194 1,803 338,915 408 Englewood _ _ 5 7 25 110 1,611 1,609 2,702 491,404 409 Garfield 4_ _ _ _ _ 10 19 145 2,044 2,121 3,621 655,428 410 Gloucester City _ 1 1 18 52 951 983 1,542 277,347 411 Hackensack 4 _ 2 7 35 177 2,394 2,357 3,971 714,780 412 Harrison _ 3 24 54 796 799 1,351 249,779 413 Hawthorne 3 _ 4 4 21 68 1,180 1,162 2,063 379,761 414 Hillside _ _ 6 16 107 1,682 1,606 2,774 513,273 415 Linden _ _ 7 9 43 161 2,212 2,139 3,723 677,665 416 Lodi _ - _ - _ _ _ 2 8 28 87 1,689 1,695 2,901 504,730 417 Long Branch _ 1 7 27 99 1,615 1,614 2,715 483,409 418 Lyndhurst 3 _ 4 6 16 114 1,796 1,719 3,000 534,061 419 Millburn 4 _ _ _ 1 4 12 78 1,100 1,097 1,868 341,787 420 Millville 3 _ _ _ 3 4 12 77 1,325 1,242 2,177 400,531 421 Morristown 3 _ _ _ - 1 5 38 74 1,485 1,542 2,527 462,499 422 Neptune (P. O. Ocean Grove) . 5 20 65 1,031 1,027 1,674 294,694 423 North Plainfield (P. O. Plain- field) _ _ 2 17 68 1,134 1,117 1,922 346,249 424 Nutley _ _ _ 6 30 140 2,049 1,923 3,328 619,173 425 Pennsauken (P. O. Merchant- ville) _ . _ 1 6 90 1,318 1,251 2,158 375,582 426 Phillipsburg _ _ _ _ 2 1 31 85 1,473 1,445 2,519 458,464 427 Pleasantville 4 _ 9 4 15 76 1,162 1,203 1,892 348,128 428 Rahway 4 - - 1 3 24 86 1,414 1,348 2,306 427,783 429 Red Bank _ _ . _ . 5 3 23 61 961 1,026 1,607 294,185 430 Ridgefield Park. 4 14 62 940 899 1,589 282 , 886 431 Ridgewood _ . . _ 5 9 36 100 1,577 1,607 2,734 490,852 432 Roselle. _ 3 24 65 1,163 1,156 1,949 358 , 533 433 Rutherford 4 _ _ _ 1 6 16 74 1,106 1,076 1,826 324,075 434 South River 4 _ _ _ 1 4 19 51 925 931 1,624 292,323 435 Summit _ _ _ _ 3 7 25 92 1,370 1,219 2,208 406,196 436 Teaneck 6 47 137 2,339 2,412 4,079 712,065 437 Union _ _ _ 5 9 27 148 2,442 2,557 4,303 774,487 438 Vineland _ _ 5 19 112 1,927 1,807 3,179 577,060 439 Weehawken (P.O. Union City) 3 4 19 68 906 897 1,518 279,312 440 Westfield _ 5 28 121 1,794 1,833 3,053 555,655 441 West Orange _ _ _ 5 9 32 136 2,022 1,962 3,449 624,246 442 Woodbridge _ 1 8 28 145 2,523 2,476 4,301 774,259 443 New Mexico _ 3 21 55 328 7,181 7,107 10,946 1,975,266 444 Clovis _ 4 18 76 1,632 1,649 2,753 495,630 445 Hobbs _ 5 10 58 1,588 1,452 2,085 375,300 446 Roswell _ _ 2 7 10 106 2,238 2,291 3,315 596,754 447 Santa Fe _ _ _ 1 5 17 88 1,723 1,715 2,793 507,582 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 3,000 121,644 4,573 17,060 200,330 23,017 25 11,800 4,100 154,361 4,400 4,308 9,480 293,125 1,701 160 8,150 6,900 127,018 2,187 2,730 10,785 211,552 4,089 40 22 , 900 238,244 3,747 12,248 363,551 713 93 2,100 4,020 112,112 3,033 4,843 188,179 2,142 235,585 857,104 12,015,647 303,574 231,369 532,883 19,124,852 159,311 26,479 19,287 235,262 3,589 3,931 10,054 345,167 321 33,585 425,743 10,453 8,045 12,070 671,296 3,316 785 178,324 3,213 6,643 33,470 308,205 3,667 492 2,500 18,350 274,229 8,084 6,147 24,171 420,423 364 6,650 13,150 170,038 1,550 3,300 7,956 270,931 916 68 18,052 211,177 3,620 3,209 10,081 331,007 1,297 403 19,600 226,785 12,419 3,897 8,935 369,410 2,438 692 8,000 185,575 1,200 17,075 273,409 388 3,530 14,344 238,752 8,939 4,520 10,590 361,816 758 5,699 13,200 155,938 3,752 2,788 6,681 241,890 33 303 17,130 28,777 363,897 12,106 5,913 14,134 604,355 900 1,113 40,000 311,975 2,860 7,576 6,520 471,468 505 3,500 3,500 139,604 2,161 2,310 4,687 220,842 2,495 3,545 21,700 434,971 9,500 6,604 15,373 640,382 2,803 579 13,900 210,099 3,900 2,735 5,646 9,068 331,775 86 6,675 11,850 156,580 2,262 5,406 253,146 1,354 772 22,594 312,913 10,526 7,400 11,705 491,581 7,900 624 22,375 38,575 503,713 7,060 7,931 11,163 814,143 2,673 1,411 10,425 25,768 237,398 8,900 6,302 7,306 430,241 488 3,300 23,478 302,828 4,827 6,248 8,677 459,434 656 408 9,100 17,400 252,383 5,354 5,422 14,151 382,823 426 2,850 17,100 224,892 7,445 5,612 9,519 350,961 11,037 849 4,887 9,450 127,512 800 4,022 11,616 223,126 2,196 333 3,000 18,620 243,017 6,450 6,146 19,133 384,190 770 17,860 181,306 8,427 5,166 8,521 329,884 653 268 8,600 223,742 3,947 3,745 7,794 318,864 5,735 322 24,500 409,321 14,364 6,125 11,057 595,464 989 3,600 188,694 2,432 3,798 4,909 378,730 599 6,100 3,825 253,292 2,450 7,005 7,590 376,378 598 25,000 11,173 138,741 2,120 2,623 6,134 258,276 804 4,390 12,140 274,460 4,152 6,250 16,756 396,474 362 752 15,952 11,850 215,726 6,607 3,158 6,212 358,884 244 14,100 34,390 187,127 2,787 3,719 9,209 313,542 255 17,400 334,986 8,163 6,396 13,195 565,942 4,202 477 16,423 213,109 4,921 8,083 332,473 548 4,000 22,375 213,919 6,006 1,239 9,127 339,263 958 213 4,800 11,955 106,300 3,900 2,710 3,861 189,261 249 11,080 30,560 321,777 10,852 5,650 11,585 505,583 53,122 906 28,850 472,771 11,196 6,475 22,892 733,665 1,534 1,142 12,259 28,074 373,141 14,718 9,987 18,733 619,970 1,356 15,097 274,414 5,400 6,954 14,627 428,433 40,549 48 8,125 16,050 229,271 11,266 3,429 11,977 393,372 992 26,152 407,657 18,101 6,842 16,674 626,509 933 17,713 38,300 456,796 17,141 6,892 12,512 735,802 6,978 1,603 3,600 30,950 415,492 9,575 6,178 21,654 676,062 1,216 564 15,670 63,387 811,727 13,881 5,000 24,496 1,176,610 55,003 930 12,050 183,943 3,520 10,185 261,049 5,500 303 15,805 145,569 4,195 4,811 237,761 7,339 137 4,770 19,672 214,587 1,966 4,500 295,846 42,164 490 10,900' 15,860 267,628 4,200 5,666 5,000 381,954 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 400 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 448 New York _ 130 261 1,064 4,670 75,654 73,523 125,438 22,736,061 449 Batavia _ . _ 3 7 26 99 1,548 1,442 2,631 462,979 450 Beacon _ _ _ 4 3 7 57 893 899 1,394 249,618 451 Cohoes _ _ _ 10 8 68 946 964 1,575 283,068 Corning: 452 District No. 9 _ 1 4 15 45 658 693 1,130 205,537 453 2 14 43 832 886 1,478 267 , 378 454 Cortland _ 4 3 10 84 1,279 1,220 2,090 390,830 455 Dunkirk. . __ ._ _ 3 6 17 87 1,283 1,181 2,183 396,763 456 Endicott.. . . 9 7 24 175 2,770 2,683 4,699 859,276 Floral Park: 457 2 5 60 745 740 1,281 233,236 458 High-School District _ 82 57 1,668 1,672 2,676 460,289 459 Freeport.. _ _ 2 7 36 101 1,878 1,824 3,130 558,354 460 Fulton _ _ _ _ _ 3 3 12 68 1,413 1,350 2,391 431,980 461 3 24 80 1,055 1,018 1,785 315,558 462 Geneva _ .. _ _ 1 6 17 70 1,074 1,035 1,684 310,926 463 Glen Cove. . . . _ 6 3 7 63 1,046 1,011 1,741 313,209 464 Glens Falls _ 6 18 94 1,411 1,416 2,312 425,538 465 Gloversville _ _ 10 4 16 112 1,862 1,805 3,166 585,293 466 Hempstead _ _ .. _ _ 1 7 38 125 2,393 2,321 3,934 698,416 467 Hornell _ _ _ 3 6 16 101 1,541 1,550 2,560 472,912 468 Hudson _ _ _ 4 14 65 1,031 1,046 1,754 314,662 469 Irondequoit (P. O. Rochester) 3 11 42 688 776 1,236 225,662 470 Ithaca _ _ .. _ _ 4 8 24 120 1,918 1,812 3,102 566,226 471 Johnson City _ 5 19 134 1,853 1,797 2,953 544,721 472 Johnstown _ 2 12 65 871 863 1,527 277,704 473 Kenmore _ ... _ 3 7 60 217 3,888 3,713 6,123 1,138,878 474 Kingston . . . . . 5 8 38 143 2,528 2,407 4,195 754 , 924 475 Lackawanna _ _ _ 7 11 41 133 2,020 2,001 3,536 633,108 476 Little Falls. . . . 2 3 8 42 725 655 1,190 217,734 477 Lockport _ _ _ . . .. 7 34 113 2,255 1,971 3,610 671,460 478 Lynbrook _ 4 4 9 72 1,067 947 1,724 310,271 479 Mamaroneck . _ 7 31 129 1,940 1,822 3,087 554,398 480 Massena _ _ . _ _ 2 17 66 1,325 1,307 2,266 438,512 481 Middletown _ 5 4 25 97 1,713 1,732 2,891 516,954 482 Mineola.. _ _ 4 14 91 1,389 1,345 2,304 414,341 483 North Tonawanda.. _ 4 7 25 111 2,043 1,893 3,355 604,808 484 Ogdensburg . . _ 3 18 63 1,071 948 1,710 307,887 485 Olean _ _ .. _ 4 7 22 145 2,118 2,202 3,644 644,896 486 Oneida _ _ 5 8 58 872 854 1,466 267,108 487 Oneonta _ 10 7 9 64 991 1,011 1,665 301,041 488 Ossining _ _ _ 3 4 10 85 1,283 1,220 2,147 388,607 489 Oswego _ _ _ 3 3 20 112 1,903 1,879 3,113 565,256 490 Peekskill _ 3 2 22 74 1,230 1,222 2,124 383,786 491 Pelham _ 5 23 77 971 932 1,592 284,849 492 Plattsburg _ _ _ _ 2 11 45 870 927 1,421 257,244 493 Port Chester _ 7 31 123 1,917 1,864 3,228 583,157 494 Rensselaer. _ 6 5 1 66 762 764 1,298 233,874 495 Rockville Centre _ 6 11 101 1,527 1,400 2,432 434,671 496 Saratoga Springs _ _ 8 6 13 79 1,179 1,154 1,875 337,496 497 Scarsdale. . _ 6 30 92 1,231 1,293 2,140 389,493 498 Tonawanda. _ . _ _ 7 12 80 1,227 1,208 2,132 392,255 Valley Stream: 499 Elementary Dist. No. 13.. - 1 2 26 376 388 636 115,233 500 Elementary Dist. No. 24. . 1 1 23 315 316 518 93,671 501 Elementary Dist. No. 30. . _ 1 1 22 305 258 471 85,406 502 High-School Dist. No. 1 . 2 39 46 869 882 1,457 254,513 503 Watervliet _ _ . _ _ 8 5 6 60 1,088 1,004 1,676 310,095 504 North Carolina . 3 129 155 1,684 32,583 33,904 58,260 10,485,110 505 Burlington _ .. 1 9 3 104 2,439 2,485 4,484 807,027 506 Concord _ _ 6 11 83 1,451 1,592 2,734 492,303 507 Elizabeth City _ 5 7 77 1,357 1,501 2,383 428,940 508 Fayetteville _ 8 5 104 2,148 2,165 3,681 662,580 509 Gastonia.. _ _ 9 16 151 2,957 3,062 5,197 935,460 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 63 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 401.627 945,063 13,936,430 304,484 197,032 493,717 23.983,421 460,784 26,883 448 10.084 20,738 255 , 509 5,691 4,917 8,353 470,724 10,034 115 449 13,376 7,160 130,757 5,201 2,442 6,314 225,087 725 220 450 32,010 154,762 3,300 1,132 5,778 320,787 2,556 451 3,100 10,550 119,574 2,850 6,001 6,626 196,154 230 229 452 6,050 119,450 2,760 1,599 2,532 183,051 1,028 257 453 II, 468 11,745 195,955 2,070 1,982 5,068 314,989 7,091 250 454 6,428 14,125 201,198 2,811 3,332 8,040 372,787 19,991 123 455 30,169 23,570 455,733 8,310 6,036 12,187 708,211 3,536 436 456 10,800 162,122 2,300 1,282 6,218 404,877 3,955 328 457 6,000 363,136 22,302 5,197 22,398 594,233 16,919 1,046 458 5,524 26,900 384,645 16,218 7,562 15,397 664,602 8,857 827 459 6,750 11,650 165,444 1,975 2,992 3,731 269,857 4,381 101 460 15,500 365,311 8,602 3,987 10,372 553,203 5,469 694 461 2,600 16,797 209,676 1,688 9,058 345,421 7,940 383 462 19,416 11,170 178,341 2,103 7,187 337,485 703 463 23,354 276,644 2,626 2,787 10,891 433,945 4,445 683 464 30,410 12,807 283,885 8,605 4,362 14,165 503,753 19,596 134 465 4,100 30,600 468,304 14,836 8,153 13,611 757,844 4,024 785 466 8,800 17,325 236,419 3,451 5,133 14,606 391,598 4,620 15 467 9, 6i7 156,512 1,746 3,163 4,961 246,075 6,023 230 468 8,160 125,139 1,683 199,641 13,442 330 469 12,852 24,938 325,365 8,813 5,504 14,204 578,378 7,810 180 470 16,900 344,526 1,325 2,500 10,821 497,216 3,470 504 471 8,200 151,083 2,975 2,386 5,726 258,574 2,667 262 472 13,600 39,360 752,864 20,276 8,706 23,426 1,262,224 15,856 1,646 473 14.364 24,150 395,441 4,557 9,671 13,861 653,171 34,029 60 474 32,958 35,772 452 , 305 17,602 2,906 17,574 867,843 11,471 251 475 6,565 9,600 101,910 1,166 357 3,781 210,381 3,575 476 25,438 387,556 5,465 5,533 13,058 669,982 5,146 692 477 12,975 15,920 233,711 6,006 2,425 5,503 388,247 4,192 549 478 31,887 502,900 15,679 6,322 14,618 856,131 8,375 2,215 479 9,250 169,695 1,286 736 5,297 292,193 5,976 203 480 15,708 18,683 270,385 5,463 2,028 10,229 452,405 10,655 904 481 18,729 245,987 5,042 19,200 415,183 5,126 1,075 482 13,670 26,500 313,299 2,826 5,213 10,384 556 , 694 28,003 383 483 7,246 193,160 1,677 1,971 3,984 308,661 3,938 141 484 14,116 25,628 352,367 2,038 5,117 5,364 574,878 87,543 842 485 15,600 141,743 2,675 474 2,381 235,368 3,024 197 486 19,024 19,164 154,575 3,997 1,941 8,517 315,972 1,369 15 487 11,078 15,400 2,50,390 3,166 5,622 13,954 457,414 7,835 729 488 12,000 13,500 280,483 5,410 5,500 6,990 452,032 3,516 183 489 8,752 7,525 236,363 6,142 4,708 7,456 400,727 990 507 490 23 , 7 oo 313,719 6,867 2,880 13,494 515,210 3,277 1,678 491 6,600 126,686 72 5,810 208,156 3,998 34 492 29,550 416,754 11,397 4,611 9,588 660,606 3,711 845 493 12,760 11,401 131,208 5,006 4,340 251,035 4,978 194 494 25,025 323,613 11,190 5, 165 8,313 527,900 2,472 686 495 20,008 17,650 194,009 3,549 1,866 5,241 340,628 1,628 496 33,819 421,944 15,273 4,732 20,638 718,141 22,378 2,407 497 22,863 222,600 1,341 2,113 1,907 351,024 4,678 346 498 4,900 55 , 355 1,800 1,239 2,745 196,805 1,987 106 499 3,100 5,000 54,779 2,085 961 2,333 244,986 1,815 133 500 3,300 42,679 2,000 1,036 1,420 138,710 457 112 501 10,000 235,929 13,372 4,594 9,597 365,194 9,977 614 502 25,872 15,182 132,531 1,340 634 4,470 267,028 301 503 7,907 337,283 3,068,503 20,237 28,889 50,533 4,445,170 321,752 3,021 504 2,700 24 , 348 247,072 2,655 2,531 3,544 387,108 57,331 253 505 14.179 148,438 1,486 1,540 2,006 193,431 4,400 12 50G 13,718 143,120 874 1 , 324 3,537 212,544 6,075 310 .507 21.870 184 , 398 1 ,250| _ 2,040 249,497 19.56H .508 _ 27 . 103 266,243 1 ,929| 2.838 4,712 413,846 10.S94 360 509 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended J3 03 .& ‘6 c & Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 510 North Carolina — continued 8 15 112 2,313 1,424 2,003 1,722 1,401 1,381 2,330 1,533 2,022 1,830 1,462 1,387 3,907 2,626 3,718 2,970 2,701 2,444 703,260 472,680 669,921 511 6 12 72 512 10 8 113 513 5 3 88 534,600 486,180 439,920 460,260 809,640 514 6 8 78 515 2 3 78 516 7 8 60 1,329 2,557 1,790 1,578 1,333 1,283 2,117 4,026 1,161 1,660 1,570 2,685 2,557 4,498 517 Rocky Mount _ 10 12 135 518 8 17 95 1,844 1,606 1,299 1,259 2,272 4,093 1,112 1,604 1,377 53,001 2,371 1,290 1,620 2,102 1,245 1,143 3,164 2,816 2,352 2,292 3,736 7,231 566,814 519 Shelby. _ 1 8 4 78 507,125 520 1 8 8 71 423,360 412,560 521 7 5 67 522 10 118 672,480 1,301,724 352,385 523 North Dakota _ 9 66 207 524 2 19 56 1,957 2,844 525 Grand Forks _ 5 34 73 511,939 526 Minot _ 2 13 78 1,205 2,430 437,400 527 Ohio .... 29 119 891 2,969 130 53,640 2,211 1,345 1,564 2,172 1,241 1,144 96,190 4,015 2,418 2,793 3,865 2,321 2,034 17,090,297 722,763 427,996 502,740 528 Alliance _ ... __ _ 3 5 30 529 Ashland _ _ _ 1 2 30 69 530 Ashtabula _ _ _ _ 4 48 180 531 Barberton _ _ _ 4 4 41 118 703,534 406,188 532 Bellaire _ ... _ .. 1 15 67 533 Cambridge _ _ _ 8 20 63 366,120 534 Campbell _ . _ 7 40 44 1,056 1,928 941 1,167 1,948 980 1,993 358,660 535 Chillicothe _ _ 7 19 104 3,580 1,739 634,602 536 Coshocton ..... .... 1 12 58 292,216 537 Cuyahoga Falls _ _ 1 5 26 102 1,781 2,442 2,183 2,735 1,777 1,051 1,422 1,066 1,297 2,178 1,398 1,872 2,461 2,151 2,404 3,253 4,379 3,841 4,580 588,883 788,305 699,018 824,398 538 East Liverpool 1 1 23 132 539 Elyria _ _ . . . _ _ 5 8 36 119 540 Euclid _ _ _ 5 40 126 541 Findlay _ _ _ 5 3 36 84 1,701 1,086 3,156 2,078 555,456 542 Fostoria. _ _ _ _ _ 1 22 53 373,939 543 Fremont _ _ _ 1 28 74 1,417 1,035 1,237 1,985 1,378 1,242 2,456 1,160 1,081 1,346 1 , 155 2,597 467,460 544 Carfield Heights (P. O. Cleve¬ land) _ _ 3 4 13 61 1,886 2,284 3,743 330,206 545 Ironton _ _ . 1 8 23 72 402,011 640,033 546 Lancaster _ 1 1 24 111 547 Marietta _ _ _ 1 23 68 2,517 440,414 548 Martins Ferry _ _ 1 23 67 1,145 2,458 1,089 1,176 1,429 1,180 1,696 1,324 1,200 1,736 2,131 2,214 380,857 549 Massillon. .. . _ 4 47 137 4,469 804,483 550 Mount Vernon _ 3 1 15 66 2,089 355,168 551 New Philadelphia _ 2 20 64 2,020 353,529 552 Niles _ 3 24 73 2,467 2,012 444,163 553 Painesville . . . . 2 18 63 362,160 554 Parma _ _ _ 1 2 23 75 1,514 1,258 1,227 1,789 2,931 2,370 524,625 555 Piqua _ 4 22 66 419,472 556 Salem _ _ _ _ 2 19 65 2,208 3,265 377,587 557 Sandusky.. _ 9 29 102 577,960 558 Shaker Heights (P. O. Cleve¬ land) _ 6 35 138 2,037 1,034 982 3,628 653,031 559 Struthers _ 1 22 53 1,073 1,947 1,678 344,685 560 Tiffin _ _ 2 12 58 904 295,328 561 Wooster _ 1 17 55 1,056 1,111 1,061 1,887 331,973 562 Xenia _ . _ _ 2 16 52 1,066 1,933 49,012 2,869 340,334 563 Oklahoma _ _ 15 129 283 1,537 91 30,781 1,814 1,599 1,552 1,711 30,528 1,796 1,697 1,469 1,694 8,610,170 564 Ada _ 3 9 18 502,234 565 Ardmore _ _ 1 7 11 82 2,560 452,052 566 Bartlesville _ 8 16 87 2,825 2,681 494,602 567 Chickasha _ 2 8 13 79 471,856 568 Durant _ 5 9 54 1,082 1.333 1,086 1,668 291,900 569 El Reno _ 3 15 77 1,288 2,130 375,881 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds .out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total * current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 21,340 195,832 665 590 262,981 6,000 16,184 143,186 1,530 3,953 206,614 644 139 24 , 445 187,963 2,091 1,769 293,645 8,711 101 13,850 138,776 750 2,508 177,751 132,612 148 16,847 136,832 563 1,516 2,973 211,975 4,645 191 5,740 122,239 1,343 931 167,860 2,852 105 17 i 946 126,271 1,325 1,281 194,840 7,626 252 27; 164 251,592 2,289 9,024 3,600 354,176 2,397 22,345 198,612 5,916 873 276,846 11,896 495 2,207 20,012 136,562 1,656 3,483 217,434 7,324 268 3,000 15,160 111,731 2,305 162,479 2,908 134 14; 053 122,038 709 160,834 24,006 20,979 207,598 1,860 2,171 9,719 301,309 11,870 253 28,114 507,953 4,199 18,831 21,050 770,612 18,326 681 6,740 150,970 5,996 7,288 214,875 7,291 377 13; 974 196,411 2,587 9,504 7,766 307,138 6,113 193 7,400 160,572 1,612 3,331 5,996 248,599 4,922 111 81,124 385,934 7,926,767 132,943 172,941 281,150 12,432,103 348,682 9,539 7,719 9,125 326,445 4,968 15,400 6,780 506,368 37,441 25 2,422 14,600 188,987 2,691 5,976 9,197 308,659 5,839 166 13,093 258,186 4,679 5,259 8,377 391,624 6,155 234 10,786 16,800 320,292 6,796 7,108 29,086 553,599 32,849 246 3,000 156,558 1,035 4,108 5,296 228,368 50 13,420 123,777 950 3,624 315 200,270 310 1 21,759 189,519 1,478 3,231 6,615 299,988 106 15,395 225,938 2,248 5,107 5,971 319,920 13,453 151 3,600 131,865 1,380 2,225 2,859 195,959 7 2,432 20,464 240,543 2,094 6,020 12,650 394,117 3,314 664 2,598 3,800 289,099 3,248 9,699 11,524 457,669 44,536 157 14,679 22,908 386,362 3,772 3,997 28,158 627,696 16,966 375 20,121 424,409 8,113 7,367 12,856 653,166 8,889 411 13,215 9,734 268,923 1,076 4,512 10,315 407,532 30,557 162 3,467 155,060 1,245 5,066 3,467 234,344 9,997 293 3,802 200,141 2,512 2,678 8,169 341,156 6,417 241 12,428 16,373 154,755 8,250 2,121 3,286 288,079 2,253 461 1,513 12,933 145,449 4,714 5,906 6,393 247,608 1,523 563 2,664 7,000 259,731 6,107 2,321 7,584 376,647 17,081 280 3,916 190,205 2,805 1,295 6,590 278,249 1,605 139 4,500 178,757 1,420 5,604 555 241,228 53 19,059 429,276 7,435 15,426 6,114 656,602 5,382 749 7,500 3,023 151,185 1,255 4,277 4,640 246,361 3,300 135 6,600 145,781 1,903 3,536 3,156 216,904 500 165 9,175 205,184 2,906 2,688 7,154 298,843 10,795 171 6,590 174,598 3,227 2,242 11,964 273,065 9,865 866 3,168 6,770 216,790 7,049 3,541 6,526 341,074 20,629 873 10,447 182,282 1,262 3,436 6,173 276,985 19,072 68 6,050 182,520 871 6,130 544 284,685 78 27,345 277,453 4,945 5,409 10,512 476,951 15,445 267 30,843 589,634 27,454 3,426 15,775 974,489 11,868 950 3,300 148,849 2,866 9,884 224,810 287 5,765 117,558 3,523 3,086 175,416 1,274 81 3,950 153,590 2,290 3,179 4,017 216,767 11,367 7,207 137,066 765 4,638 5,562 216,905 64 39,674 360,625 3,334,145 28,672 89,461 4,833,680 116,585 3,938 7,319 23,829 194,687 2,858 5,764 279,442 6,173 132 2,000 20,340 174,644 9,940 259,395 1,000 96 22 , 050 211,749 6,150 8,190 322,539 3,518 551 6,000 24,000 168,227 3,820 244,418 240 189 15 , 000 129,410 2,128 164,900 321 30 8,740 167,002 1,500 . 3,518 220,798 5,458 8 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 : 537 538 i 539 540 i 541 i 542 543 544 I 545 I 546 l 547 ; 548 I 549 i 550 > 551 552 I 553 ! 554 > 555 1556 r 557 ) 558 ’ 559 . 560 . 561 l 562 ! 563 ! 564 i 565 . 566 ) 567 ) 568 ! 569 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4.— GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Oklahoma — continued 570 Enid. ... _ _ _ 2 13 23 142 2,607 2,561 4,402 770,582 571 7 14 63 1,360 1,435 2,279 403,331 572 Lawton _ _ __ _ _ 1 13 13 137 3,214 3,212 4,456 785,653 573 McAlester _ _ _ _ 1 9 9 89 1,964 1,943 2,962 521,312 574 Norman _ _ _ 2 7 4 67 1,130 1 , 130 2,101 367,675 575 5 19 75 1,653 1,627 2,666 474,188 576 Ponca City _ 2 7 21 124 2,158 2,181 3,660 640,500 577 Sapulpa _ .... 1 3 15 77 1,486 1,444 2,321 406,175 578 4 18 63 1,422 1,364 2,183 382 , 025 579 10 31 136 2,536 2,453 3,876 682,513 580 Stillwater _ ... 6 19 53 1,210 1,210 1,934 337,305 581 5 15 41 950 938 1,439 250,386 582 Oregon . . . 10 24 96 401 6,783 6,860 11,215 1,934,781 583 Astoria . . .. . _ .. 2 4 5 57 787 800 1,288 212,639 584 3 21 59 973 974 1,636 281,362 585 Eugene 4 _ _ . 4 3 39 104 2,184 2,298 3,465 606,367 586 Klamath Falls 4 _ 3 8 21 96 1,606 1,544 2,705 476,019 587 Medford 4 _ _ 1 6 10 85 1,233 1,244 2,121 358,394 588 Pennsylvania _ _ 100 313 1,891 6,451 107,897 107,764 195,269 35,623,841 589 Abington.. . _ 4 9 42 110 1,924 1,776 3,218 611,497 590 Aliquippa _ _ 2 7 43 145 2,207 2,349 4,173 750,611 591 Ambridge _ _ _ 7 30 89 1,678 1,678 2,979 536,447 592 Arnold _ 3 17 41 819 851 1,552 279,863 593 Beaver Falls _ 3 2 33 99 1,771 1,611 3,143 565,744 594 Bellevue 4 _ _ 3 9 40 585 651 1,055 200,450 595 Berwick 3 _ __ .. 1 1 19 66 1,505 1,389 2,630 473,321 596 Braddock. . _ . . 5 20 73 1,088 1,095 1,932 347,760 597 Bradford _ . . . . 5 2 34 92 1,766 1,768 3,059 550,602 598 Bristol _ _ . 1 13 55 821 820 1,438 267,506 599 Butler 4 _ 3 5 28 113 2,389 2,296 4,047 728,536 600 Canonsburg. _ 1 4 13 67 1,099 1,186 2,122 381,960 601 Carbondale 3 _ .. 3 7 15 102 1,847 1,923 3,279 632,739 602 Carlisle _ 7 25 67 1,254 1,328 2,319 440,606 603 Carnegie _ _ 2 6 53 812 776 1,500 277,495 604 Chambersburg _ _ _ _ 1 1 31 82 1,342 1,475 2,696 485,209 605 Charleroi ... _ _ _ 2 6 22 67 1,109 1,078 1,984 357,274 606 Cheltenham (P.O.ElkinsPark) 2 6 36 102 1,381 1,388 2,426 456,888 607 Clairton. _ _ 4 7 19 132 1,935 1,913 3,686 663,396 608 Coatesville _ .. 1 4 28 97 1,494 1,580 2,693 506,178 609 Columbia . . _ .. 3 1 8 52 817 793 1,507 286,330 610 Connellsville. . _ 3 3 16 84 1,254 1,255 2,217 400,182 611 Conshohocken _ _ 2 9 44 659 699 1,281 240,828 612 Coraopolis _ . _. _ 2 12 56 851 882 1,676 315,346 613 Darby _ _ _ 4 9 52 677 676 1,252 230,306 614 Dickson _ _ _ _ 5 11 46 686 640 1,289 232,020 615 Donora _ _ _ 3 18 72 1,000 996 1,902 342,180 616 Dormont _ _ _ 3 12 63 831 799 1,547 293,911 617 DuBois _ _ . 2 5 20 58 967 872 1,647 296,503 618 Dunmore. _ _ ■ _ 2 8 26 84 1,523 1,506 2,673 505,227 619 Duquesne _ .... 3 5 25 76 1,310 1,310 2,524 454,320 620 Ell wood City _ 2 20 75 1,396 1,486 2,669 480,422 621 Farrell4.. _ _ _ _ 4 5 25 68 1,355 1,297 2,377 427,978 622 Greensburg _ _ _ _ 3 4 28 91 1,624 1,726 3,030 545,402 623 Hanover (City) 4__ . 2 24 54 1,047 1,009 1,950 351,008 624 Hanover Township (P. O. Wilkes-Barre) _ _ 6 57 81 1,454 1,388 2,573 476,506 625 Harrison Township (P. O. Natrona) 3 _ . .. . 9 47 891 811 1,637 294,660 626 Haverford (P. O. Upper Darby) 4 _ . . 7 43 131 2,089 2,047 3,666 681,804 627 Homestead 4 _ 1 5 34 55 954 644 1,358 244,440 628 Indiana _ _ _ 3 4 21 48 907 1,000 1,737 312,660 629 Jeannette _ 2 1 20 72 1,356 1,336 2,379 429,823 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 — Continued Current expenditures fuld-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time, day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4,205 30,976 295,382 4,025 9,641 435,421 1,048 750 570 16,336 136,398 327 199,422 1,216 129 571 2,150 30,873 267,119 2,447 5,952 380,489 55,458 355 572 3,000 27 , 000 183,832 2,370 261,424 22 , 632 263 573 6,000 21,000 126,761 3,329 198,265 9,007 54 574 17,850 178,188 13,397 262 , 557 123 575 6,000 21,000 290 ; 168 6,961 451 , 539 3,302 408 576 3,000 9,000 171,384 1,467 230,627 391 198 577 12,000 142,369 2,827 204,894 3,962 59 578 29,850 268,310 9,370 2,793 370,367 2,555 313 579 13 j 980 129,157 2i 322 2,676 187,506 304 201 580 16,801 99,358 4,361 159,677 79 581 27,127 69,866 927,516 12,532 19,333 33,037 1,410,895 61,144 818 582 5,533 12,421 127,592 514 1,281 4,592 190,982 6,793 583 10,872 139,274 1,214 97 3,181 201,791 3,693 41 584 9,594 9,516 270,519 3,035 11,275 8,070 390,528 22,843 138 585 9,000 20,372 226,991 4,521 4,384 7,726 367,434 21,311 522 586 3,000 16,685 163,140 3,248 2,296 9,468 260,160 6,504 117 587 274,852 977,720 16,783,444 244,366 391,496 755,632 27,071,522 612,989 30,846 588 7,400 33,700 359,863 4,162 8,431 10,529 657 , 257 5,945 1,026 589 6,900 23,754 399,956 10,755 8,872 12,820 648,042 7,439 868 590 20,000 265,943 8,110 8,808 18,712 468,144 12,997 258 591 8,394 125,276 2,124 3,112 5, 175 202,613 11,657 87 592 10,554 7,930 279,959 2,347 5,563 15,279 441,401 12,173 185 593 9,000 106,076 5 , 250 175,424 4,053 115 594 2,800 2,800 139,045 720 4,293 8,324 213,630 6,496 508 595 14,610 192,295 3,101 2,986 14,186 341,394 4,576 495 596 12,941 7,700 269,812 5,608 10,821 17,268 471,642 13,731 442 597 3,167 134,587 3,123 3,891 7,516 200,970 8,118 74 598 6,597 17,267 280,986 3,464 11,147 13,994 437,845 4,059 70 599 3,000 12,000 155,000 1,100 6,000 6,000 270,850 19,000 148 600 6,600 16,501 176,043 4,559 6,581 276,563 382 601 5,760 195,882 1,259 6,367 7,171 285,481 7,235 602 6,333 127,580 3,765 5,172 204 , 456 4,308 71 603 3,000 3,700 207,005 3,207 4,087 12,556 292,385 1,796 264 604 5,382 19,200 180,438 2,040 2,467 14,147 303,306 9,502 277 605 8,200 32,733 363 , 555 7,328 6,188 15,108 633,607 5,762 812 600 9,325 20,858 326,509 6,220 5,697 14,713 473,843 7,677 490 607 3,146 15,434 246,575 4,562 6,508 9,567 394,800 4,237 347 608 4,212 2,732 105,082 840 2,515 3,468 158,751 647 249 609 6,370 10,878 215,455 3,911 6,461 3,969 353,442 15,164 27 610 5,404 97,181 2,514 2,426 157,945 188 611 7,071 147,613 2,300 2,360 5,958 229,435 553 153 612 12,148 131,069 4,300 4,243 5,051 217,481 28,049 91 613 12,671 101,521 2,306 4,035 7,645 184,131 392 614 16,178 184,662 4,843 3,086 9,645 316,679 2,341 394 615 9,876 176,483 6,108 2,614 4,320 290,137 634 270 616 6,715 14,425 155,190 2,379 3,854 4,132 259,989 918 83 617 4,993 26,934 289,096 6,725 11,603 467 , 952 746 248 618 16,451 16,597 238,711 3,109 6,686 10,438 428,989 32,211 250 619 5,678 202,216 2,403 5,270 6,050 296,103 943 69 620 9,000 11,985 173,446 1,623 4,037 5,898 284,690 1,386 552 621 8,733 12,250 265,219 2,962 6,876 14,075 420,162 11,945 445 622 5,070 144,545 1,536 2,489 6,851 203,173 891 238 623 13,460 251,838 3,928 7,418 11,191 442,347 22,961 316 624 90,600 810 3,750 4,174| 191,087 293 625 27,443 405,404 8.999 6,063 22,108 631,297 40,613 1,387 626 2,085 21,870 172,998 5,924 3,370 7,971 291,090 12,000 560 627 6,967 11,471 1 149,558 2,748 4,656 7,445 250,359 18,788 220 628 6,897 3,846 1 181,993 2,764 5,573 | 12,227 296,019 35,634 123 629 1 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4.— GROUP ill Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pennsylvania — continued 630 Kingston 4 _ _ _ _ 3 10 27 113 1,482 1,496 2,803 518,453 631 Lansdowne _ _ 1 3 20 52 827 909 1,546 278,136 632 Latrobe _ _ _ 3 23 53 951 1,057 1,869 336,328 633 Laureldale 4 _ _ _ _ 2 5 18 45 883 880 1,679 318,974 634 Lebanon _ _ _ 1 3 39 119 2,264 2,264 4,023 743,008 635 Lewistown _ _ _ 3 4 32 75 1,353 1,378 2,402 432,360 636 2 20 54 1,061 1,043 1,887 358,851 637 McKees Rocks _ _ _ _. 4 11 60 924 863 1,555 289 , 230 638 4 10 51 640 651 1,188 219,261 639 Meadville 4 _ .. _ _ 3 4 23 93 1,455 1,494 2,647 476,310 640 Monessen _ _ _ 7 21 102 1,531 1,471 2,689 484,109 641 2 19 51 902 839 1 , 632 293,655 642 4 32 151 1,882 1,993 3,530 635,362 643 Munhall _ 4 22 81 1,208 1,281 2,355 423,942 644 Nanticoke _ _ _ 1 10 24 88 1,465 1,455 2,806 524,607 645 New Kensington _ _ 2 2 27 120 1,978 2,046 3,657 658,260 646 North Braddock (P. O. Brad- 6 23 93 1,589 1,466 2,646 476,280 647 Oil City _ 1 25 95 1,471 1,609 2,919 525,286 648 Old Forge _ 1 23 49 892 890 1,538 276,953 649 Phoenixville _ ._ 2 2 11 63 829 751 1,525 277,750 650 Pittston 3 . . . 6 2 17 115 1,499 1,560 2,777 514,579 651 Plains 3 _ _ 1 51 80 1,481 1,314 2,488 457,834 652 Plymouth 3 _ 4 22 79 1,462 1,405 2,599 484 , 602 653 Pottstown _ 4 42 101 1,758 1,758 3,068 573,716 654 Pottsville 3 _ _ 4 2 41 107 2,114 2,032 3,594 636,138 655 Shaler Township (P. O. Glen- shaw) 3 _ 1 21 44 1,055 1,014 1,804 324,720 656 Shamokin _ 1 32 63 1,108 1,069 2,056 370,226 657 Sharon _ _ _ 3 11 24 129 1,915 2,018 3,619 651,470 658 Shenandoah _ _ _ 3 10 75 884 902 1,635 299,255 659 Steelton _ _ _ _ _ 1 22 58 933 932 1,645 302,680 660 StoweTownship (P.O. McKees Rocks) 3_ _ _ 2 1 25 58 1,296 1,246 2,212 418,068 661 Sunbury 3 _ 2 24 76 1,475 1,457 2,756 468,854 662 Swissvale 3 _ 2 16 86 1,218 1,217 2,220 399,623 663 Tamaqua _ _ _ 2 2 15 51 988 989 1,866 350,919 664 Uniontown _ _ _ _ 3 28 101 1,556 1,696 3,100 558,090 665 Vandergrift _ _ _ 2 3 10 64 1,057 1,150 2,052 369,317 666 Warren _ _ _ 2 19 79 1,365 1,395 2,552 459,377 667 Washington _ 3 7 12 123 2,296 2,229 3,893 700,704 668 Waynesboro _ . _ _ 2 2 19 50 786 809 1,458 262,392 669 West Chester _ 4 24 73 1,195 1,171 2,168 400,229 670 Wilkinsburg 4 _ 8 37 130 2,395 2,462 3,989 717,995 671 Rhode Island . _ 20 32 123 600 9,487 9,084 16,125 2,905,990 672 Bristol _ _ 4 6 15 45 844 852 1,511 271,928 673 Central Falls.. _ _ _ 3 6 13 63 882 857 1,471 264,780 674 Cumberland (P. O. Valley Falls) _ 1 8 51 694 699 1,244 222,710 675 Johnston (P. O. Providence). 6 3 4 51 796 737 1,334 239,683 676 Lincoln (P. O. Lonsdale) _ 1 2 39 504 434 789 142,020 677 North Providence (P. O. Providence) _ _ _ _ _ 2 5 14 59 901 843 1,535 276,300 678 Warwick (P. O. Apponang).. 2 4 39 178 3,027 2,941 5,189 939,209 679 Westerly _ _ 2 2 17 53 886 809 1,464 263,520 680 West Warwick _ 5 11 61 953 912 1,588 285,840 681 South Carolina _ 40 85 798 13,364 14,574 23,537 4,224,265 682 Anderson _ __ 13 30 205 3,552 3,836 6,419 1,155,420 683 Florence. _ 7 15 132 2,244 2,413 3,830 681,740 684 Greenwood _ 8 3 137 2,147 2,386 3,793 686,533 685 Orangeburg _ 2 12 95 1,699 1,911 2,878 518,040 686 Rock Hill . 5 11 126 2,074 2,169 3,663 652,014 687 Sumter _ 5 14 103 1,648 1,859 2,954 530,518 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools - Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12,000 35,000 232,372 17,115 417,476 2,608 3,600 11,418 176,899 4,201 4,901 14,160 309,798 9,097 577 10,362 169,940 1,255 5,544 8,858 275,508 12,693 151 3,871 10,400 109,822 2,445 2,190 3,149 180,505 723 260 2,550 10,300 303,437 4,949 9,049 13,640 462,391 5,953 784 10,651 14,472 234,626 5,816 6,206 11,781 383,824 11,261 392 6,020 151,831 3,279 7,885 214,504 1,193 40 11 '400 146,845 3,451 1,700 273 , 043 725 399 9^147 124; 003 1,200 2,798 4,603 196,637 1,591 165 5,240 13,649 211,931 1,005 6,378 8,652 343,561 4,494 319 22,829 277,239 5,199 8,477 13,960 463,154 1,793 370 6,573 134,112 2,502 3,652 8,234 224,015 2,672 155 16,181 446,194 13,526 6,491 18,243 686,059 54,680 1,320 13,561 224,869 6,653 4,930 7,568 374,679 15,718 566 3,145 25,860 238,253 8,438 7,893 381,700 9,053 259 8,000 9,350 303,000 7,200 8,600 17,500 468,119 21,699 355 11,453 201 , 563 4,538 1,767 10,321 319,960 5,588 650 3,686 252,907 1,568 4,194 8,098 358,818 1,643 510 3,500 129,955 5,054 2,536 183,421 1,320 76 6,510 7,033 133,144 1,391 3,923 6,307 223,627 2,013 215 9,335 5,000 204,262 1,050 4,311 4,782 295,692 393 2,778 193,377 3,181 3,481 11,183 291,960 1,792 526 7,994 164,991 2,776 3,300 235,627 376 13,395 284 , 976 2,415 8,542 10,515 405,927 598 14,827 6,900 221,814 2,280 4,246 11,855 379,622 8,424 772 3,000 98,072 1,079 4,001 4,914 176,742 15,596 318 3,650 188,655 1,128 2,928 5,758 291,203 1,006 215 7,118 28,135 309,350 6,096 5,155 15,745 526,118 8,340 845 7,030 137,610 960 1,695 1,900 226,734 11,333 330 3,352 167,261 1,136 2,043 7,908 262,078 711 140 4,349 3,188 135,717 1,136 6,873 201,896 1,280 622 4,975 164,170 1,844 4,600 12,497 244,195 2,533 316 6,088 181,802 1,991 977 10,267 285,561 1,206 481 5,820 6,216 118,233 1,300 3,458 3,273 196,473 2,420 245 10,067 284,056 4,660 6,813 12,656 448,030 5,226 757 4,800 8,143 126,207 1,200 2,759 5,258 236,863 75 6,847 214,407 2,391 3,004 7,059 325,642 2,183 410 8,567 20,203 249,123 5,035 5,885 10,399 409,236 107 843 6,201 8,656 124,366 2,077 3,915 5,607 201,682 803 214 12,441 205,528 3,339 3,950 16,350 350,901 6,327 184 28,640 394 , 260 3,597 9,478 8,617 573,630 1,156 47,742 95,873 1,274,847 8,926 32,737 58,792 2,173,452 44,423 2,258 9,420 16,500 121,032 161 2,105 4,110 197,705 790 7,175 16,156 129,722 2,850 1,703 4,078 214,342 18,103 425 2,800 104 , 684 2,053 2,101 164,287 3,644 20 10,338 6,620 80,734 3,414 4,554 196,413 3,000 64 3,239 66,360 2,193 141,951 4,100 17,293 110,788 1,223 4,123 4,563 198,398 230 8,700 13,975 404,686 2,522 11,459 29,533 624,779 12,585 783 4,770 6,525 145,440 2,170 2,164 6,976 236,245 6,301 529 16,004 111,401 3,523 2,877 199,332 207 90,664 1,184, 592 13,681 50,268 1,774,414 174,418 1,127 26,000 301 , 842 3,361 7,720 414,211 750 379 21,716 165,849 3,913 8,962 294,576 7,267 408 10,000 203 , 807 1,530 2,269 273,707 145,752 74 6,000 152,255 2,100 12,407 281,227 5,429 63 12,250 177,741 13 , 789 258,910 70 14,698 183,098 2,777 5,121 251,783 15,220 133 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 i 677 i 678 ' 679 680 681 i 682 1 683 : 684 I 685 1686 : 687 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194446 TABLE 4.— GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 688 South Dakota _ 8 28 71 337 5,626 5,929 10,309 1,851,194 689 Aberdeen _ _ 12 21 69 1,599 1,595 2,718 489,240 690 Huron _ 1 4 9 62 908 999 1,811 326,097 691 Mitchell _ 3 6 12 55 790 802 1,448 261,457 692 Rapid City _ 3 4 15 88 1,362 1,409 2,537 456,660 693 Watertown _ 1 2 14 63 967 1,124 1,795 317,740 694 Tennessee _ 6 32 95 689 11,825 12,668 20,697 3,651,141 695 Bristol _ 1 5 7 100 1,668 1,650 2,835 496,554 696 Clarksville _ 1 4 21 70 1,300 1,488 2,334 408,421 697 Cleveland _ 2 4 5 77 1,265 1,341 2,265 391,787 698 Dyersburg _ 1 12 67 986 1,168 1,851 332,775 699 1 13 112 2,239 2,476 3,917 705,060 700 Johnson City _ 12 24 143 2,494 2,570 4,299 755,310 701 Kingsport... . . 1 6 13 120 1,873 1,975 3,196 561,234 702 Texas _ 15 174 457 2,923 52,136 52,376 86,902 15,295,792 703 Abilene _ 12 23 169 2,872 2,805 4,786 837,575 704 Big Spring _ 1 1 9 96 1,692 1,581 2,635 461,125 705 Borger _ 2 5 10 118 2,126 2,145 3,424 599,200 706 Brownsville _ 6 13 131 2,421 2,649 4,279 753,000 707 Brown wood _ 1 6 16 90 1,527 1,504 2,655 464,625 708 Bryan _ _ 6 16 80 1,380 1,493 2,372 417,472 709 Cleburne _ 2 16 63 1,317 1,289 2,205 388,212 710 Corsicana _ 1 6 13 87 1,598 1,626 2,643 462,680 711 Del Rio _ 1 8 46 771 710 1,196 209,300 712 Denison _ 1 5 22 83 1,649 1,625 2,715 477,840 713 Denton _ 6 6 82 800 925 1,570 286,125 714 Goose Creek _ 1 11 38 193 2,986 2,874 4,363 763,626 715 Greenville _ 2 15 71 1,299 1,265 2,273 398,857 716 Harlingen _ 2 12 84 1,874 1,829 3,066 536,651 717 Highland Park (P. O. Dallas) . 7 23 151 2,344 2,383 4,185 736,560 718 Longview _ 1 11 13 111 2,046 2,046 3,106 559,080 719 McAllen _ 6 9 84 1,840 1,752 3,212 565,312 720 Marshall _ 11 13 118 2,267 2,345 4,070 716,320 721 Palestine _ 2 17 59 1,231 1,323 2,086 365,240 722 Pampa _ 8 23 117 1,967 1,940 3,376 590,800 723 Paris _ 8 17 100 2,083 2,109 3,525 623,925 724 San Angelo _ 2 10 23 161 2,611 2,646 4,126 726,176 725 Sherman _ 7 13 86 1,513 1,579 2,623 466,894 726 Sweetwater _ 3 18 60 1,223 1,216 1,993 348,857 727 Temple _ 1 3 15 103 1,594 1,550 2,686 470,614 728 Terrell _ 4 7 41 873 898 1,438 253,223 729 Texarkana _ 10 13 109 2,199 2,269 3,556 633,081 730 Tyler . . . . 4 9 23 158 2,807 2,876 4,827 849,560 731 Victoria. _ 4 13 72 1,226 1,124 1,911 333,862 732 Utah _ 4 15 74 153 4,492 4,323 7,899 1,374,461 733 Logan _ 2 7 29 61 1,475 1,437 2,592 445,841 734 Provo. . . 2 8 45 92 3,017 2,886 5,307 928,620 735 Vermont _ _ 9 8 62 249 4,242 4,199 7,277 1,283,306 736 Barre _ 1 14 58 1,024 1,033 1,887 330,342 737 Brattleboro _ 1 1 13 45 840 892 1,389 247,156 738 Burlington _ 8 5 19 87 1,460 1,427 2,483 439,412 739 Rutland _ 1 16 59 918 847 1,518 266,396 740 Virginia _ 7 28 46 393 6,138 6,634 11,301 2,039,742 741 Charlottesville _ 6 14 98 1,519 1,637 2,878 518,091 742 Fredericksburg _ _ _ 4 10 61 818 891 1,532 275,729 743 Martinsville _ 1 6 3 64 1,018 1,036 1,793 322,740 744 Staunton _ 4 3 3 51 845 940 1,575 285,073 745 Suffolk _ 6 7 56 914 947 1,615 290,700 746 Winchester _ 2 3 9 63 1,024 1,183 1,908 347,409 See footnotes at end of table. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 — Continued Current expenditures full-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school i libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total 2 current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructions staff Clerks 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 23,115 73,735 751,152 9,190 17,858 41,809 1,272,307 27,981 421 688 24,700 176,540 5,095 11,273 310,370 2,338 169 689 2,589 13,557 126; 735 2,742 2,895 3,808 206,119 718 40 690 8.000 13,725 128,329 1,784 2,986 7,921 231,658 3,159 100 691 7,943 15.12C 185, 13C 3,746 4,750 14,082 313,820 6,648 112 692 4,583 6,633 134,418 918 2,132 4,725 210,340 15,118 693 11,479 68,648 1,053,368 5,136 38,803 1,470,816 25,803 455 694 1,890 12,115 162,245 830 3,612 221,695 1,468 294 695 2,4(X 10,916 137,350 231 6,113 202,457 9,812 696 3,114 10,700 100 i 430 720 2,872 142,757 1,497 161 697 2,002 93,311 6,038 134,111 698 1,450 160,734 3,737 186,240 10,690 699 23,384 199,000 11,215 302,512 2,336 700 2,625 9,531 200 ; 294 5,216 281,044 701 39,433 487,102 5,671,650 87,084 240 223,562 8,295,807 583,883 14,472 702 33,607 334,245 2,480 9,238 436,661 1,489 871 703 4,773 3^300 162; 623 5,168 223,269 7,837 328 704 3,726 10,340 193; 219 6,172 326 , 587 33,027 858 705 24,946 225,790 1,939 11,941 347 , 876 6,969 927 706 1,885 13,506 171,052 2,618 8,555 236,938 707 13 , 340 134 , 302 3,643 199,624 793 708 6,300 132,712 5,589 183,163 3,959 709 1,825 13,000 2,766 143,067 2,240 4,044 199,150 710 76,607 898 102,660 2,464 246 711 3,000 15,000 172,540 5,341 258,299 2,429 121 712 18,797 136,398 2,000 3,000 168,195 1,000 251 713 3,090 34,010 471,046 22,260 18,172 709,607 298,908 2,602 714 6,420 128,350 787 3,476 178,697 12,360 715 7,146 164,255 2,500 16,200 244 , 699 13,511 507 716 25,900 383,371 12,696 18,484 560,940 33,543 1,196 717 2,700 24,692 216,380 2,415 11,210 335,243 12,000 373 718 14,400 150,777 3,484 2,331 232,191 328 719 21,860 195,733 3,560 6,957 271,118 11,344 412 720 7,680 127,652 1,380 7,873 181,704 2,592 289 721 25,480 297,711 6,895 9,585 449,540 17,937 209 722 22,400 182,455 1,400 5,888 251,184 3,162 172 723 5,085 26,028 304,745 3,843 12,963 458,430 21,357 1,955 724 14,170 163,426 1,720 5,406 246,930 3,976 334 725 8,250 123,910 11,830 210,757 5,327 678 726 00 g 9,122 177,664 9,069 240,281 25,359 130 727 7,915 60,661 1,710 92,610 1,809 728 33,300 211,385 7,729 240 4,720 319,699 8,421 397 729 8,549 31,427 306,310 5,138 8,275 450,276 31,826 1,131 730 12,000 123,264 5,824 179,479 20,484 157 731 10,615 42,888 445,455 11,839 10,118 35,020 780,854 55,237 297 732 5,069 16,987 165,417 2,931 2,860 12,405 290,740 7,400 193 733 5,546 25,901 280,038 8,908 7,258 22,615 490,114 47,837 104 734 14,878 25,413 606,653 13,474 14,651 30,788 955,880 32,933 635 735 3,600 128,296 1,551 3,159 9,914 202,859 1,841 10 736 2,831 3,833 97,194 2,657 4,399 5,054 159,687 18,580 47 737 12,047 13,648 230,844 6,859 3,221 9,346 354,983 3,030 501 738 4,332 150,319 2,407 3,872 6,474 238,351 9,482 77 739 17,729 71,828 740,317 12,187 2,456 28,907 1,112,370 40,526 5 740 16,412 206,019 5,532 129 6,741 281,476 9,404 741 13,280 113,234 6 5,168 162,324 742 2,500 12,415 116,518 1,720 4,884 204,460 13,358 743 8,098 8,656 92,773 2,928 687 2,784 142,843 1,710 744 13,450 95,998 3,782 145,319 3,332 5 745 7,131 7,615 115,775 2,007 1,634 5,548 175,948 12,722 746 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 TABLE 4. — GROUP III Personnel and attendance City Supervisors Principals Instructional staff 1 2 3 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 747 Washington _ _ __ 11 90 332 1,422 27,252 27,222 42,574 7,567,336 748 Aberdeen _ _ _ _ 4 5 33 95 1,870 1,859 2,968 534,260 749 Bellingham _ _ . _ 2 10 37 150 3,016 2,898 4,980 831,685 750 15 44 261 4,650 4,651 7,324 1,318,320 751 Hoquiam.. _ _ _ _ 2 6 13 57 1,130 1,119 1,809 325,026 752 5 27 91 2,070 2,088 3,315 593,402 753 Olympia _ _ _ __ 1 8 35 83 1,860 1,949 3,037 546,863 754 17 55 361 5,740 5,727 8,328 1,481,859 755 Walla Walla _ 1 8 21 84 1,676 1,607 2,570 455,022 756 Wenatchee 4 5 _ _ 1 5 20 90 1,707 1,839 2,785 498,516 757 Yakima _ _ _ 11 47 150 3,533 3,485 5,458 982,383 758 Wisconsin _ _ 36 85 534 1,720 30,334 30,333 54,445 9,919,218 759 Appleton _ _ _ _ 7 5 38 131 2,405 2,406 4,243 742,446 760 Ashland _ _ _ _ 3 17 45 819 792 1,449 257,816 761 Beaver Dam _ _ 3 15 49 776 748 1,475 272,817 762 Beloit. _ _ _ 4 14 53 159 2,665 2,694 5,077 964,630 763 Chippewa Falls. _ _ _ __ 1 5 11 54 834 853 1,556 273,919 764 Cuday _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 4 16 45 768 773 1,360 258,710 765 Fond du Lac 8 21 104 1,849 1,940 3,459 626,079 766 Janesville. _ _ . 6 2 20 115 2,103 2,038 3,619 666,012 767 Manitowoc _ _ 1 5 43 108 1,858 1,897 3,539 651,271 768 Marinette _ 2 1 18 60 1,163 1,112 2,022 365,948 769 Marshfield _ _ 2 17 44 727 788 1,329 233,735 770 Menasha _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 13 39 662 618 1,075 198,875 771 Neenah _ __ 1 1 19 66 1,135 1,141 1,942 347,618 772 Shorewood _ _ _ 3 26 76 1,109 1,177 2,034 386,460 773 South Milwaukee _ _ _ __ 1 1 19 52 948 873 1,608 297,480 774 Stevens Point _ _ _ 4 1 23 52 1,030 887 1,629 309,510 775 Two Rivers. _ _ _ _ 1 16 38 557 618 1,105 206,635 776 Watertown _ _ _ 1 1 il 43 785 779 1,428 257,041 777 Waukesha _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 8 29 109 2,062 2,026 3,590 664,106 778 Wausau _ _ _ 3 6 37 130 2,399 2,471 4,377 770,366 779 Wauwatosa _ 3 9 49 144 2,605 2,606 4,690 844,200 780 Wisconsin Rapids _ _ 1 1 23 57 1,075 1,096 1,839 323,544 781 Wyoming _ 5 14 83 432 8,018 7,810 12,532 2,206,443 782 Casper 4 _ __ _ 2 10 27 151 2,119 2,185 3,436 635,585 783 Cheyenne _ _ 2 2 20 155 3,376 3,172 5,102 882,846 784 Laramie _ _ _ 1 18 57 1,185 1,181 1,898 326,407 785 Sheridan _ _ _ _ 1 1 18 69 1,338 1,272 2,096 361,605 1 Includes persons rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guid¬ ance, health, and psychological work, etc., when more than half their time is given to such instruction. 2 Includes the six major items of expense, only, i.e. : 1. General control (Administration); 2. Instruction; 3. Operation of school plant; 4. Maintenance of school plant; 5. Auxiliary services; and 6. Fixed charges. Does not include any expenditures for adult education and summer school accounts. 3 Data reported for 1941-42 in lieu of report for 1945-46. 4 Data reported for 1943-44 in lieu of report for 1945-46. 5 Classified “urban” by special ruling of U. S. Bureau of the Census because of population density. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 — Continued Current expenditures fuld-time day schools Capital outlay for plant and equipment Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Salaries and wages Textbooks free to all pupils Supplies, school libraries, and other instruc¬ tional expenses Total * current expense for full-time day schools Super¬ visors Principals Teachers and other instructional staff Clerks 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 36,911 307,959 4,230,114 101,264 131,523 311,438 7,001,930 632,166 1,358 747 14,440 15,060 284,683 7,111 4,703 22,166 472,414 27,429 27 748 8,436 30,173 457,732 11,879 6,274 21,851 709,684 8,615 393 749 60,532 803,797 10,327 37,862 110,454 1,455,350 216,803 4 750 4,675 23 , 074 148,645 3,048 4,960 258,570 7,300 751 17,489 295^744 5,862 6,046 15,392 448,266 110,953 191 752 3,800 28,050 295,127 5,962 4,483 15,407 464,589 36,546 37 753 60,834 992,411 46,407 54,017 79,553 1,774,969 141,154 348 754 3,200 24,844 249,160 1,975 6,418 3,000 394,138 20,000 755 2,360 15,350 240,958 2,245 17,307 359,674 153 756 32,553 461,857 11,741 6,427 21,348 664,276 63,366 205 757 102,856 294,011 4,845,881 113,949 42,495 268,735 7,553,631 376,470 1,854 758 20,229 19,247 366,528 5,031 22,367 586,367 27,864 759 14,120 112,545 1,494 1,898 6,437 212,335 4,554 27 760 8,814 120,937 1,692 10,314 188,550 18,540 761 10,571 44,882 442,293 10,780 5,220 20,255 746,889 143,165 762 2,277 11,386 111,583 1,092 612 10,797 194,335 4,666 763 12,800 132,890 1,401 9,681 215,986 1,152 82 764 28,145 255,903 4,443 5,259 21,551 358,432 15,188 765 15,270 8,468 322,041 4,967 785 9,792 456,195 13,339 766 3,217 21,605 355,138 8,175 4,994 19,358 574,756 18,580 214 767 5,859 3,520 138,384 1,756 3,799 6,620 204,256 1,058 768 6,503 117,285 2,740 2,570 8,811 202,146 11,039 769 3,073 99 , 888 1,081 6,930 156,467 2,225 770 2,250 4,033 179,122 1,729 1,996 11,730 277,473 13,664 771 12,740 283.984 7,338 490 23,611 453,164 10,034 933 772 2,700 5,687 142,686 3,104 1,999 18,823 242,128 1,419 26 773 12,195 3,496 152,232 2,111 9,152 227 , 702 13,371 774 3,820 119,074 2,325 3,060 7,349 186,624 14,456 45 775 3,140 4,200 110,653 2,292 2,365 5,395 163,825 4,359 18 776 3,800 23,855 296,211 6,467 12,031 441,037 36,476 59 777 8,783 17,805 373,535 7,875 4,236 10,391 523,043 2,536 778 10,215 31,512 466,272 30,841 8,196 702,486 10,331 779 2,350 4,300 146,697 6,296 2,131 9,144 239,435 8,454 450 780 12,700 52,706 1,074,069 13,657 18,754 35,895 1,611,994 247,359 1,301 781 4,500 35,306 329,519 4,713 10,015 517,549 3,758 12 782 5,500 8,200 397,939 8,900 6,942 14,000 573,967 236,762 909 783 5,000 174,260 1,886 2,859 5,019 244,288 6,516 380 784 2,700 4,200 172,351 2,871 4,240 6,861 276,190 323 785 ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1949—829056 ' iennial Survey of Education in the United States 9 Statistics of Higher Education 1945-46 FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Chapter !\ Office of Education Chapter IV Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1944-46 Statistics of Higher Education 1945-46 Text prepared by Henry G. Badger, Specialist in Educational Statistics Tables prepared by Margaret J. S. Carr and Maude Farr, Survey Statisticians FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oscar R. Ewing . . . Administrator Office of Education Earl James McGrath ... Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1949 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 25 cents CONTENTS Page Coverage . 1 General Trends . 4 Staff . 6 Students . 8 Sex of students . 9 Enrollments by control and level of institutions . 9 Regional distribution of enrollments . 10 Enrollment, third week of the fall term . 13 Students enrolled for the first time . 14 Veterans of World War II . 15 Special types of students . 15 Degrees . 16 Income . 17 Educational and general fund income . 20 Per capita income . 21 Percentage analysis of income . 23 Student fees . 28 Endowment earnings . 29 Public sources . 29 Private gifts and grants . 30 Sales and services . 30 Miscellaneous income . 31 Total educational and general income . 31 Auxiliary enterprises and activities . 31 Plant fund income . 32 Expenditures . 32 Grand total of expenditures . 33 Educational and general expenditures . 33 Percentage analysis of expenditures . 34 Administration and general expense . 34 Resident instruction . 34 Organized research . 34 Libraries . 35 Plant operation and maintenance . 35 Related activities . 35 Total educational and general, campus . 35 Extension . 35 Total educational and general expenditures . 36 Auxiliary enterprises and activities . 36 Other noneducational expenditures . 36 Capital (plant fund) expenditures . 36 Bond and other debt retirement . 37 Appendix . 90 in IV CONTENTS Text Tables Page I. Number of institutions of higher education, 1945-^16 . 2 II. Population and student enrollment in higher education, 1900 to 1946 . . 5 III. Junior colleges and their enrollment, 1917-18 to 1945-46 . 5 IV. Resident instructional staff in institutions of higher education, 1927-28 to 1945-46 . 6 V. Resident instructional staff in noncollegiate work, excluding critic teachers, in institutions of higher education, 1939-40 to 1945-46 ... 7 VI. Percentage anlaysis of staff (full-time equivalent) of institutions of higher education, by control, by type of institution, and by sex of staff member, 1945-46 . 7 VII. Summary of enrollment in institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1945-46 . 8 VIII. Percentage analysis of resident college enrollment, by type of institu¬ tion, by control, and by sex of students, 1945-46 . 10 IX. Resident college students in higher education, by control of institution and by classification and sex of student, 1939-40 and 1945-46 . 11 X. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, by division and State, 1929-30 to 1945-46 . 12 XI. Total resident college enrollment in the regular session, and enrollment by the third week of the fall term, in institutions of higher education, 1931-32 to 1945-46 . 13 XII. Total resident college enrollment and total number of students regis¬ tered for the first time in any college, 1931-32 to 1945-46 . 14 XIII. Student enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type of enroll¬ ment and by type of control, 1945-46 . 16 XIV. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of. recipient, level of degree, and geographic division, 1939-40 to 1945-46 . 18 XV. Educational and general income of non-Federal institutions of higher education, by geographic division, 1939-40 to 1945-46 . 20 XVI. Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants, for institutions of higher education, 1945-46 . 21 XVII. Educational and general, and noneducational income for non-Federal institutions of higher education, by source, 1925-26, 1935-36, and 1945-46 . 24 XVIII. Percentage analysis of current income, institutions of higher education, 1945-46 . 26 XIX. Educational and general expenditures of non-Federal institutions of higher education, by geographic division, 1939-40 to 1945-46 . 33 XX. Percentage analysis, current expenditures of institutions of higher education, 1945-46 . 38 Summary Tables 1. Historical summary of institutions of higher education, 1899-1900 to 1945-46 . 41 2. Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 . 42 3. Financial data for institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 ... 48 4. Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, by State, 1945-46: All institutions . 52 Publicly controlled institutions . 54 Privately controlled institutions . 56 CONTENTS V Page 5. Staff of institutions of higher education, by type of work and by State, 1945-46: All institutions . 58 Publicly controlled institutions . 60 Privately controlled institutions . 62 6. Students variously classified, by sex, in institutions of higher education, by State, 1945-46: All institutions . 64 Publicly controlled institutions . 66 Privately controlled institutions . 68 7. Current income of institutions of higher education, by control and by State, 1945-46: All institutions . , . 70 Publicly controlled institutions . 72 Privately controlled institutions . 74 8. Income specifically designated for additions to physical plant, institutions of higher education, by control and by State, 1945-46: All institutions . 76 Publicly controlled institutions . 77 Privately controlled institutions . 78 9. Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State, 1945-46: All institutions . 79 Publicly controlled institutions . 81 Privately controlled institutions . 83 . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 Tj^OR THE BASIC DATA used in its reports of statistics of higher educa- tion, the Office of Education depends on the voluntary cooperation of the officers of more than 1,700 institutions, scattered over the country. The first part of the present report on personnel is based on returns from 1,517 (or 85.8 percent) of the total of 1,768 institutions. These 1,517 institutions included 95.6 percent of the total college enrollment of 1945-46.1 The last part of the report, that dealing with finances, is based on returns from 1,373 (or 77.7 percent of the total of 1,768) institutions; income and expenditures of these institutions included 91.5 percent of the total reported for institutions of higher education in 1945-46. These figures indicate that the larger in¬ stitutions, with larger enrollments and larger financial operation, made a higher percentage of responses than the smaller institutions. In previous years the percentage of responding institutions has run as high as 97 for personnel data and 92 for those on finances; the responding institutions included nearly the entire college enrollment of the country. For this reason, national totals could safely be compiled by adding together all responses; and the results could be accepted as accurate within 1 or 2 percent of the actual total for all institutions, responding and nonresponding. The data for 1945-46, however, have been expanded by a process of esti¬ mating, to take into account the nonrespondent institutions. Ideally, the expansion or correction for nonrespondents should be based on all available data, such as type of institution (university, college, teachers college, etc.), type of control (public, private), location, size of enrollment, and other fac¬ tors. Actually, not all of these factors could be taken into consideration — nor would some of the factors have made enough difference to warrant considera¬ tion. The factors finally selected for consideration were enrollment, type of institution, and type of control. (For details concerning the methods em¬ ployed in making the estimates, see appendix.) In each of the State summary tables, where a corrective addition is included, it will be found at the end of the table with a statement of the number of institutions concerned. Coverage Table I shows the number and location of all institutions of higher educa¬ tion in the United States in 1945-46, so far as they have been reported to this Office. The tabulation includes all known institutions which offer at least 1 Throughout this report the term “college” includes not only 4-year colleges proper, but also junior colleges, technical institutions offering work of college grade, universities, and institutions for the education of teachers. The terms “institutions of higher education,” “institutions,” and “colleges” are synonymous, unless otherwise specified. 1 Table I. — Number of institutions of higher education, 1945-46 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Privately controlled institutions Junior colleges eo CM CM C4 (N W H kO CM 0*00 CM INMOrtie | 32 e^t-o jTj<,~iao 1 Teachers colleges and normal schools N 36 ' ' ' i i i i i i i i i CM CO rl ! o iio | CO | 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 'll Universi¬ ties, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools - CO QO GO (0^100(00 178 CO H H U*- CM 00 201 »C OO kO T-h kO COU- CM CM 105 | CO ^ kO CM kO t-h kO CM CM CM rH II Total o 1, 144 100 OOCOOOOCOCO kO rH 210 (NNtH 05 CM 05 232 05 CO kO CO 05 kO CO 00 CM CM 5 OC t-H kO CM 05 CO CO CM CO CO rH CM || Publicly controlled institutions Junior colleges O W w CO ' CM o> CO CO i i i H CM 05 • I i i I ' ' 1 64 CO O 05 kO CO | Teachers colleges and normal schools GO r* w 25 ^ CM CO t-H 1-4 ^ CO ll 6 14 62 i CM kO 05 CO i rH CO 30 Universi¬ ties, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools r- us CO HHHNHH CO ! rH l OOCOH^H hNNNWNO 1 Total CO e* CO 35 CO ^ T* CM t>- TjH CO 05 kO CM t-h © 00 CO 00 CM b- t-H CO CO I 111 O COOO CM N O H CM CM T-H T-h t-h CM || All institutions Junior colleges us 464 kO © u © > 0) o X © (A © c o u © 0) 1 1945-46 eo 77, 510 5,470 15, 987 15, 442 7,538 10, 529 4,343 6,606 2, 250 6,112 3,233 US 1 N 1 S 00 b* CO rH © t^co us N © I t^usus^^rt-^rHccco© r>*us©©t^coC'-rHooco CO .©couso>csaot^*-4Tf< r^o*-Hcco>oot^i-Hcc© 00t^©t>«C^T* © "O c © East North Central. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 19 126.7 95.1 90.0 i ; ! 91.0 75.3 99.1 8S22*0;; i i 105.9 102.4 107.5 SSS^S i i 100.0 100.0 100.0 63.6 67.5 65.2 ggSSSS i i 61.0 34.6 65.7 ssssas 94.8 85.9 106.1 |§?SS| | i 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.0 71.9 69.8 sasssg j i 67.5 60.2 70.1 IS“"3 i 99.4 92.2 106.3 §!»ss3 ! 100.0 100.0 100.0 West North Central . South Atlantic . . . . . East South Central.. . West South Central . Mountain _ .... — .... - - - Pacific . Institutions not reporting (estimated) . Percentage of earned degrees granted in 1939- 40 (U. S. totals only) Bachelor’s (including first professional) . Master’s or equivalent . . . . - Doctor’s . 852506 — 49- 4 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Agency funds are those merely left in the custody of the institution by various persons or oganizations, but not expendable by the institution except on written authority from the person or organization concerned. In other words, they are funds on deposit with the institution’s treasurer. Since they are really not the property of the institution, it has never been the policy of the Office of Education to collect data on them. Although in previous years the Office has regularly collected data on operations of the other four funds (current funds, loan funds, endowment funds, and usually plant funds), exigencies of the war and other circum¬ stances have necessitated reduction of the scope of the regular inquiries. The present report is limited to an anlysis of current and plant funds. Educational and General Fund Income Educational and general income is that income which is available for those regular and customary activities of an institution which are part of, contributory to, or necessary to its instructional or research program. These activities, usually spoken of as functions, are discussed in some detail in the section on educational expenditures. The income of institutions of higher education available for educational and general purposes and for other noneducational purposes amounted to $924,958,233 in 1945-46. Of this amount, $1,157,700 3 was reported for one of the United States service academies, so that the net for the non- Federal institutions was $923,800,533. The latter amount was 64.1 per¬ cent larger than the total reported for 1943-44 (table XV) . Table XV. — Educational and general income of institutions of higher education,1 by geographic division, 1939-40 to 1945-46 Geographic division 1939-10 1941-42 1943-44 1945-46 Amount Percent of income, 1939-40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States _ .. . $563,088,683 $618, 106,388 $863,653,882 $923,800,533 New England _ _ _ _ - 57, 508, 119 120, 784, 544 114, 465, 551 61, 777, 852 61, 399, 505 29, 282, 101 45, 552, 253 20, 162, 087 52, 166, 671 61, 881, 286 129, 404, 957 128, 017, 117 65, 626, 646 69, 271, 459 31, 860, 357 49, 094, 927 22, 603, 501 60, 346, 138 72, 670, 268 160, 368, 732 180, 467, 631 92, 944, 231 94, 929, 782 43, 987, 598 66, 966, 369 34, 221,831 117, 097, 440 76, 344, 784 168, 018, 951 172, 301, 244 81, 998, 246 99, 800, 122 40, 621, 023 69, 459, 319 30, 543, 094 105, 942, 360 78, 771, 390 132.8 139.1 150.5 132.7 162.5 138.7 152.5 151.5 203.1 Middle Atlantic. East North Central .. West North Central _ _ _ _ _ _ South Atlantic . . . . East South Central _ West South Central _ Mountain _ _ _ _ _ Pacific. . . . .. ... _ _ _ Institutions not reporting (estimated) 1 Not including U. S. service academies Regional changes in amounts of educational and general income are shown in table XV, where the lowest increases (just under 33 percent) are 3 Not including an estimated $12,000,000 Federal income for the U. S. Military and Naval Academies. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-4 6 21 registered for the West North Central and New England States, and the highest increase is shown in the Pacific area (just over a 103 percent in¬ crease). Comparisons of this regional type are subject to the qualification that the percentage of nonrespondent institutions was greater in 1945-46 than in previous years. Of the 1945-46 total, $78,771,390, or 8.5 percent, is estimated for nonrespondent institutions. Per capita income. — One measure of the comparative support received by higher education in the various States is the receipts per capita from current sources. In selecting data for a comparison of this nature, certain arbitrary measures are necessary. Thus, per capita may be measured in terms of students enrolled or in terms of total population, as well as in various modifications of either of these criteria. Each of these criteria has its faults as well as its merits. In the present report, two measures are used : ( 1 ) Total civilian population as of July 1, 1945, by States; and (2) total resident college enrollments for the regular session 1945-46, also by States. When these are used as divisors against such items as public funds and private gifts and grants, likewise by States, certain facts develop (table XVI). Table XVI. — Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants, for institutions of higher education,1 1945-46 Current receipts per capita of total population Public sources Private gifts and grants per student enrolled State by geographic division Federal Govern¬ ment Private gifts and grants Total Veterans’ educa¬ tional student fees Other current purposes State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments 1 2 S 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States . $3. 18 $0.42 $0.94 $1.61 $0.21 $0.53 $43. 49 New England . . . . 2.05 .52 .56 .94 .04 1.26 111.69 Maine _ 2.46 .33 .95 1. 18 .18 28.83 New Hampshire . 3.96 1.28 .77 1. 89 .02 .88 67.92 Vermont . . 3.06 .25 1.33 1.28 .20 .77 64.24 Massachusetts . 1.40 .54 .26 .60 (*) 1.83 136. 92 Rhode Island . 2. 54 .41 .95 1. 18 (*) .22 25.02 Connecticut . 2.56 .46 .77 1. 21 .12 1.04 111. 59 Middle Atlantic . 2.50 .54 .73 .78 .45 .60 48. 52 New York . 3.01 .67 .82 .61 .91 .76 44.03 New Jerspy 1. 91 .33 .66 .90 .02 .59 108. 97 Pennsylvania . . . 2.06 .46 .64 .96 (?) .40 43. 10 1 Does not include income for U. S. service academies nor estimates for institutions not reporting. * Less than half of 1 cent. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 Table XVI. — Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants, for institutions of higher education, 1 945-46— Continued Current receipts per capita of total population Public sources State by geographic division Total Federal Govern¬ ment State govern¬ ments Local govern¬ ments Private gifts and grants Private gifts and grants per student enrolled Veterans’ educa¬ tional student fees Other current purposes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 East North Central . . $3.33 $0.49 $0.68 $1.95 $0. 21 $0. 57 $41. 65 Ohio . 2.24 .41 .26 1.35 .22 .61 41.93 Indiana . . 2. 69 .46 .12 2.08 .03 .59 49. 34 Illinois . . . 4.23 .79 1.60 1.63 .21 .71 49. 42 Michigan... . 3. 96 .39 .34 2.80 .43 .45 31.32 Wisconsin . . . . 3.09 .08 .58 2.43 (2) .41 36. 97 West North Central _ 3.60 .24 .92 2. 31 .13 .51 38. 62 Minnesota . . . 4. 18 .21 1.27 2. 62 .08 .81 50. 84 Iowa.. - - 3. 86 .17 1.04 2.64 .01 .56 42. 61 Missouri . . 2. 15 .34 .44 1. 25 .12 .47 42.43 North Dakota . 5. 84 .19 1.87 3.76 .02 .10 9.28 South Dakota . . 4. 49 .05 1. 65 2.79 .28 28. 29 Nebraska . . . 4. 14 .28 .99 2. 62 .25 .20 13. 71 Kansas . . 4.08 .20 .71 2.79 .38 .47 34. 50 South Atlantic . . . 2. 44 .22 .86 1. 30 .06 .43 44.83 Delaware . . . . 3. 27 1.65 .34 1.22 .06 .23 57.09 Maryland.. . . . . 4. 32 .15 2.97 1. 18 .02 .57 70. 25 District of Columbia _ _ 2. 05 .39 1.20 .46 2. 61 94. 52 Virginia . 2. 34 .19 .64 1. 44 .07 .29 32. 52 West Virginia . 2.73 .22 .48 2. 02 .01 .09 10. 82 North Carolina . 2. 02 .11 .67 1.24 (2) .44 42.90 South Carolina - - 2.31 .11 . 69 1. 47 .04 .22 25.11 Georgia . . 1.80 .21 .53 1.01 .05 .29 33.00 Florida . . 2. 32 .33 .33 1.60 .06 .21 33. 55 East South Central . 1.99 .23 .52 1.11 .13 .32 39.50 Kentucky . 1.78 .03 .56 1.09 .10 .36 42. 62 Tennessee . . 1. 69 .19 .43 1.06 .01 .36 36.29 Alabama . . . 2.50 .46 .47 1.47 .10 .37 51.30 Mississippi . 1.96 .23 .66 .70 .37 .14 22.39 West South Central — . 3.50 .57 .62 2. 21 .10 .32 27.22 Arkansas . . . 2.58 .29 .64 1.63 .02 .25 42.73 Louisiana . 4. 01 .45 .52 3. 01 .03 .31 27.07 Oklahoma . 4. 60 .25 .88 3. 47 (2) .15 10.64 Texas . 3.23 .79 .56 1. 71 .17 .39 30.88 Mountain . . 4. 59 .48 1.05 2.88 .18 .37 23.85 Montana . . . 5.32 .21 1.63 3. 46 .02 .04 3.53 Idaho . 3.66 .06 .92 2.35 .33 .32 29.02 Wyoming . 5.72 .18 2.15 3. 17 .22 .10 10.04 Colorado . 4.64 .74 .87 2.84 .19 .34 15. 27 New Mexico.. . . 4. 48 1.03 .43 2.73 .29 .01 .77 Arizona _ _ _ 2.55 .47 1.86 .22 .06 6. 45 Utah . . . . 6.50 .80 1.50 4. 16 .04 1. 49 60.78 Nevada _ 4.29 1. 92 2. 37 .13 15.87 PACIFIC- . . . . 5. 97 .41 3.04 2.18 .34 .40 28.24 Washington . . 4.29 .17 .94 3.08 .10 .26 19. 76 Oregon . . . 3. 45 .46 .40 2. 45 .14 .51 35.38 California . . . 6. 72 .46 3.90 1.94 .42 .42 29.13 * Less than half of 1 cent. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 23 In 1945-46 the total contribution of all types of government (Federal, State, and local) amounted to S3. 18 for each civilian person resident in the United States on July 1, 1945. This is 82 cents less than the $4 reported for the war year of 1943-44, but more than twice the $1-57 reported for the more nearly normal year of 1939-40. Of the $3.18 reported for 1945-46, 3 $1.36 came from the Federal Govern¬ ment, this amount including 42 cents for veterans’ education and 94 cents for other purposes. The total amount represents a decrease of $1.06 from the $2.42 reported from this source in 1943-44; it is presumably due to the reduction of Federal contract work at institutions of higher education which followed the cessation of hostilities. The contributions of the Federal Government ranged from $4.36 in Mary¬ land to 47 cents in Arizona. Contributiorts of States averaged $1.61 in 1945-46, as compared with $1.37 in 1943-44 and $1.15 in 1941-42. They varied widely from State to State, Massachusetts reporting 60 cents and Utah $4.16. Local governments contributed 21 cents per capita in 1945-46, the same as in 1943-44, but 2 cents more than in 1941-42. The 1945-46 contribution ranged from 91 cents in New York (the home of four large municipal universities) to less than one-half cent in Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, North Carolina, and Oklahoma, with no contribution at all in South Dakota and Nevada. Private gifts and grants per capita of total population also showed great diversity: from 1 cent for the institutions in New Mexico and 10 cents for those in North Dakota to $1.83 for those in Massachusetts and $2.61 for those in the District of Columbia. The average for the Nation was 53 cents in 1945-46; an increase of 13 cents since 1934-44, when 40 cents was reported. This measure of private gifts and grants is, however, not as reliable as that of gifts per student enrolled, which is based on a count of students rather than of total populations by State or region. Percentage analysis of income. — The income of higher educational insti¬ tutions for educational and general and for noneducational purposes comes from three main types of sources: internal, philanthropic, and public or governmental. Internal sources include student fees for educational and similar purposes, sales and services of instructional departments and related activities, and miscellaneous sources (such as rent of auditoriums, interest on current funds, etc.) . Philanthropic sources include gifts, grants, donations, etc., from individuals or organizations of a voluntary or nonpublic type; bequests; and other contributions of this type intended for current use (pres¬ ent philanthropy) ; and earnings of endowment and other nonexpendable funds (the outcome of past philanthropy). Public sources include appro¬ priations, tax levies, and other contributions from the United States Govern¬ ment, State governments, and from city, county, district, or other local governments. 8 Not moulding an tesimated $12,000,000 Federal income for the U. S. Military and Naval Academies. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 When the income for 1945^16 is analyzed alongside that for earlier years, certain trends become apparent: (1) Student fees and institutional earnings. Dependence of institutions on these internal sources seems to be decreasing. Twenty years ago these sources yielded 46.0 percent of the total. Ten years ago the percentage was 42.8, and in 1945-46 it was only 32.9. Both items in the group show decreases over the 20-year period although student fees increased in impor¬ tance for a time. In fact, data published in previous studies of this subject show that there was a tendency to assess the student an ever-increasing share of the cost of higher education. Since the outbreak of the war, however, dependence on the student as a source of income has decreased sharply (table XVII). Table XVII. — Educational and general, and noneducational income for institutions of higher education,1 by source, 1925-26, 1935-36, and 1945-46 Item 1925-26 1935-36 1945-46 1 2 3 4 Number of institutions _ 1, 233 1, 541 1,765 Total . . . . AMOUNTS $355, 296, 307 $491, 105, 551 $923, 800, 533 Internal sources... _ _ _ ... 163,204,366 210, 031,838 304, 206, 983 Student fees _ _ _ _ _ 107, 460, 123 55, 744, 243 158, 134, 025 51,897, 813 214,344, 194 89, 862, 789 Miscellaneous (including sales and services) _ _ _ Philanthropic sources _ _ _ _ _ 66, 790, 548 97,205,315 167,335, 043 Private gifts and grants . . . . . . . 16, 835,010 49, 955, 538 37, 115, 240 60, 090, 075 77, 572, 200 89, 762, 843 Endowment earnings _ Public sources _ _ _ _ _ _ 125,301,393 183,868,398 452, 258, 507 U. S. Government _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16, 144, 147 109, 157, 246 43, 233, 704 140, 634, 694 196, 092, 516 256, 165, 991 State and local governments . . . . Total . PERCENTAGES 100.0 100.0 100.0 Internal sources... . _ _ _ ___ ... _ 46.0 42.0 32.9 Student fees _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30.3 15.7 32.2 10.6 23.2 9.7 Miscellaneous (including sales and services)... _ _ Philanthropic sources... _ _ _ _ 18.8 19.8 18.1 Private gifts and grants _ _ _ _ _ 4.7 14.1 7.6 12.2 8.4 9.7 Endowment income _ _ _ Public sources _ _ _ 35.2 37.4 49.0 U. S. Government... . . . . . 4.5 30.7 8.8 28.6 21.4 27.6 State and local governments _ _ _ .. 1 Not including U. S. service academies. Includes estimates for institutions not reporting, 1945-46. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 25 Decrease of relative importance of the “miscellaneous” item from 15.7 percent of the 1925-26 total to 9.7 percent of the 1945-46 total is due partly to an improvement in institutional accounting procedures, but mainly to an increasing of the stress on other sources of income. (2) Philanthropy. At best a minor source of income, this source has fluctuated somewhat, and has followed two, opposite courses. Private gifts and grants for current purposes have nearly doubled in proportionate im¬ portance, but earnings of endowment funds have decreased a little more rapidly than private gifts have increased. (3) Public funds. In like manner, receipts of institutions from the Fed¬ eral Government increased from 4.5 percent of the total in 1925-26 to 21.4 percent of that for 1945-46. How much of this is merely a temporary condition chargeable to the war and how much is a definite shift in policy is not determinable from the data at hand. It is noticeable, however, that although institutions are increasingly dependent upon public funds, their dependence on State and local governments seems to be slowly decreasing. In 1925-26 nearly 31 percent of the total came from these sources; in 1945-46 the percentage was less than 28. When the 1945—46 income of all institutions (including the U. S. service academies) is tabulated by control of institutions and when these different tabulations are analyzed percentage-wise, certain other facts develop (table XVIII) : (1) Although only 35.3 percent of the institutions were under public control in 1945-46, they enrolled 49.7 percent of the students, employed 50.9 percent of the stafF, and received almost exactly 50.0 percent of the income for educational and general purposes. (2) One-third of the educational and general income of private institu¬ tions came from students (34.7 percent) , but only about one-ninth (11.4 per¬ cent) of that of public institutions was from students. For every dollar of student fees paid at a public institution, $3 were paid at private institutions. (3) For every dollar of endowment earnings received at public institu¬ tions, $9.16 was received at private institutions. Of this $9.16, nearly all — $9.02 — was collected by private universities, colleges, and professional schools. (4) The increasing importance of income from the Federal Government has already been noted. It is significant that the total income from this source was divided among institutions in very nearly the same ratios as staff and enrollment : 49.2 percent to public institutions and 50.8 percent to those under private control. The division of this income by purpose is quite different, nearly 80 percent of the public institutions’ share going to general purposes other than veteran tuition, but only about 60 percent of that of private institutions going to general purposes. Table XVIII. — Percentage analysis of current income of institutions of higher education, 1945-46 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 27 rH ^ id cm* 78.2 15.9 5.9 100.0 O CO t^O * *o id i-H * ! i id co h CO 1-1 • • 1-H 73.9 17.4 8.7 0 1 o © OOCO i-» CO CM 1-t 05 CM CM CM * * * 00 CM CM* 60.9 33.5 6.6 O © iOi-H CO CO 100.0 CO CM 00 CM ! liONCO id i-H ! ! ^ CM ^ i-H i • CM 100.0 68.6 4.2 3.6 .4 .3 .1 14.6 3.7 4.5 100.0 28, 431, 685 13, 626, 831 437, 088, 374 88, 678, 641 33, 222, 895 558,889,910 1, 927, 779 292, 523 644, 103 48, 668 876, 722 191, 024 92, 546 4, 073, 365 960, 905 476, 953 5, 511, 223 1 14, 632, 715 908, 149 759, 415 89, 903 58, 209 29, 001 3, 114, 926 784, 480 950, 822 21, 327, 620 11, 729, 497 1, 948, 874 35, 005, 991 i-H 81.0 10.0 9.0 100.0 HCO NOOOOOOCM © * CM 1-4 05 CM fH * 1-4 H iO 79.6 16.9 3.5 100.0 00 H »OON^WCOC5 © * id h CD 00 • 1-5 CM i-H CM CO 87.3 8.1 4.6 O O O «ON OSl-H* 100.0 t^eo 'CNNIOONIO 05 05 00 GO CM id * CO CO cd CM cd 100.0 65, 042, 485 20, 161, 344 823, 664, 711 136, 214, 726 76, 394, 126 | 1,036,273,563 8, 358, 023 454, 479 2, 339, 522 669, 498 38, 034, 200 1, 258, 244 1, 920, 966 783, 627 841, 283 64, 659, 842 11, 745, 606 2, 710, 990 69,116, 438 17, 769, 512 943. 972 2, 352, 998 362, 810 7, 797, 727 11, 158, 683 3, 213, 928 1, 257, 561 1, 776, 489 46, 633, 680 14, 082, 095 3, 288, 005 64, 003, 780 co o §.a ig © O T3 S si is "a tc C* C © •d L' c « c3 ~ 2 5 §£ tfo SSI °S° a & 1S?J S E os > IbS-sIs a&sg !||l>0|i|s s! 5 ° © ® O ©OQHEq OQiJPhCD •d « B ~ a " = E-1 Sb .2 £ g § S £3 £3 5 gT1 o CO tx S •° s •7 © * C— q3 «o 05 •£ SO "S-^ ^ a o sa^flcoa s2-° a bcf a © Sb 1 © 2 22 -|| | |§ © o.2 *s •§ ©2 ©ODf •d W igl'SS I 0 S 03 > > hm C 3 ffl i( 3 i o h © > ji bt-d g © ^S8>S>s§§ 2 2 > « © o i ©.£ ®.S2 fUt l©s-2>5) ^ i Jeuajg • 00 ffi QJ i%>0 GO' 852506-49- 1 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Whereas in 1945-46 private institutions received 50.8 percent of the Fed¬ eral funds, they received only 7.3 percent of the year’s allotment for 1935-36, and only 4.6 percent of that for 1925-26. (5) State governments contributed $225,161,280 to higher education in 1945-46. Of this amout $213,631,140, or 94.9 percent, went to institutions under public control. This is not so much cause for remark, however, as is the fact that 5.1 percent of the total went to institutions of higher education not under public control. (6) Of the $77,572,200 received in the form of private gifts and grants, $12,719,988, or 16.4 percent, was received by institutions under public control. (7) Thus, the line between control and support of higher education is slowly fading, with publicity controlled institutions receiving a noticeable share of private gifts, and privately con troll 2 a institutions receiving a size¬ able amount of public funds. In like manner, a comparison of institutioi s by level or type brings to light other differences in sources of income: (1) In general, the teachers college and normal school group depends heavily on government support, no less than 77.4 percent of its total educa¬ tional and general income being derived from Federal, State, or local govern¬ ment sources. Only 18.3 percent comes from internal sources, and only 4.3 percent from philanthropy. (2) On the other hand, the institutions whose primary purpose is not teacher-preparation receive between 45 and 50 percent of their educational and general income from public sources (47.3 percent for universities, col¬ leges, and professional schools, and 46.5 for junior colleges) , and from one- third to nearly half from internal sources, leaving philanthropy to provide 19.5 percent for the degree-granting institutions and 8.9 percent for the junior colleges. There is reason to believe that other elements (size of student body or geographic region, for example) may bear some relation to distribution of income by source. For example, in some localities the publicly controlled junior colleges charge no student fees, while in others the privately con¬ trolled institutions of all types receive public appropriations as a matter of tradition. The present report, however, cannot undertake detailed analysis of this type. Student fees. — Income from student fees (for matriculation, tuition, laboratory, library, health, and other fees, but not including room or meal charges) amounted to $214,344,194 in 1945-46. This represents an increase of $59,859,170, or 38.7 percent, over the $154,485,024 reported for 1943^14. Of the 1945-46 total for student fees, $53,656,849, or 25.0 percent, was received by publicly controlled institutions, and $160,687,345, or 75.0 per¬ cent, by institutions under the control of churches or other nongovernmental organizations. Universities, colleges, and professional schools received 87.8 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 29 percent of the total; junior colleges 8.3 percent; and teachers colleges and normal schools 3.9 percent. This last figure may be compared with the corresponding percent of 4.2 reported for teachers colleges and normal schools in 1943-44. Endowment earnings. — Earnings of endowment and other nonexpendable funds reached a total of $89,762,843 in 1945-46. This exceeded the 1943-44 total by $14,566,921, or 19.4 percent. An increasing dependence on endowment earnings as a source of income for privately controlled higher education is suggested by the fact that of the 1945-46 total for this item, $80,924,601, or 90.2 percent, was paid in at privately controlled institutions, whereas in 1943-44 these institutions re¬ ceived only $66,519,131, or 88.5 percent, of the total for that year. Although no complete data have been compiled to show the total principal amount of endowment funds since 1939-40, it is known that the average yield per dollar invested has decreased sharply since that time. Since the total amount of endowment earnings reported for 1939-40 was $71,304,241, the increase in the 6-year period has been $18,458,602, or 25.9 percent. The total of all permanent funds held by or for institutions of higher education in 1945-46 must have been at least 25 to 30 percent higher than that for 1940. This total was $1,764,423,755. The total for 1945^16 must therefore have been at least $2,250,000,000. Public sources. — The total amount of contributions by the United States Government, governments of the various States, and county, city, or district governments toward the support of higher education amounted to $453,- 416,207 in 1945-46. This represents a decrease of $56,364,202, or 11.1 percent, from the peak total of $509,780,409 reported for 1943-44. Of the $453,416,207 just mentioned, payments by the United States Govern¬ ment for the education of veterans of World War II amounted to $61,174,362, or 13.5 percent, of the total. Since this amount was conditional on the rendering of a specific service by higher education to persons to whom the Government recognizes an obligation, it is not a subsidy to higher education in the commonly accepted sense of the term. It is therefore not surprising to find more than two-thirds of it going to private institutions, which enrolled half of the veterans in college, but which have a higher tuition rate than is found at public institutions. Since this is really a payment of student fees, rather than a contribution of Federal funds, the item has been specifically set apart from the general, traditional Federal contribution to institutions of higher education in the reports here compiled in order to facilitate analysis from this viewpoint. Contributions of the Federal Government for general purposes amounted to $136,075,854 in 1945-46. This is only 44.2 percent of the $308,163,199 reported for 1943^14, but is more than twice as much as the $58,231,545 reported for 1941-42. This great increase for 1943-44 and the sharp re¬ duction for 1945-46 are, of course, a reflection of the fact that as the war 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 progressed, the United States Government made an ever-increasing use of the facilities of higher education, but that as soon as possible after the cessation of hostilities, the Government released these facilities and turned them back to their normal purposes. Income from State governments increased from $175,168,554 in 1943-44 to $225,161,280 in 1945^6. This is an increase of 28.5 percent and reflects the wider acceptance of responsibility by States for higher education. It has already been pointed out that privately controlled institutions received 5.1 percent of this contribution in 1945-46; it remains only to point out that in 1943-44 privately controlled institutions received only 4.6 percent of that year’s State contributions. Contributions by local governments (counties, cities, school districts, etc.) amounted to $31,004,711, or 3.3 percent of the total of educational and gen¬ eral income for 1945^16. All but seven-tenths of 1 percent of this amount was received by institutions under public control, the bulk of it going to universities (it should not be forgotten that several large cities maintain complete, degree-granting institutions of higher education) . More than one- third of the amount, however, went to the support of the numerous locally maintained and locally supported junior colleges found in many States. The total of $31,004,711 just referred to represents an increase of 17.2 percent over the $26,448,656 reported in 1943-44, and an increase of 14.6 percent over the $27,057,483 reported in 1941-42. Private gifts and grants. — Contributions of individuals, churches, and philanthropic organizations to higher education amounted to $77,572,200, or one-twelfth of the total educational and general income in 1945-46. This represents an increase of $27,122,968, or 53.8 percent, over the $50,449,232 reported under this heading for 1943-44. Publicly controlled institutions reported 16.4 percent of the total private gifts grants for 1945-46, and 17.4 percent for 1943-44. For earlier years, corresponding percentages are: for 1935-36, 10.2; and for 1925-26, 6.6. Thus, whereas 20 years ago 1 in 15 dollars given to higher education by private persons went to institutions under public control, 10 years ago the ratio was 1 in 10, and in 1945-46 it was 1 in 6. Data have not been tabulated to show the total estimated value of non- salaried service rendered by religious or philanthropically minded personnel at institutions of higher education in 1945^46. If the same relation existed between this type and other types of private gifts as in past years, it is safe to assume that this service was worth not less than $12,500,000 during 1945-46; it may have gone slightly higher than this figure. Sales and services . — Sales and services of instructional departments and of organized activities related to them are frequently referred to as Sales and Services of Related Activities. The term includes all the incidental earn¬ ings of an institution, such as sales of livestock or dairy products of an agricultural school, charges for transcripts of credits from the registrar’s STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 31 office, library fines (not the regular library fees charged against all students and reported as part of the student fee account), income of a laboratory school, demonstration school museum, etc. This item is a comparatively new one in higher education accounting. Its first appearance in a report of this Office was in that for 1931-32. Prior to that time, income belonging under this heading was classified by this Office under the heading “Miscellaneous Receipts from All Other Sources.” This type of income amounted to more than $67,000,000 in 1945-46; it accounted for 7.2 percent of the total educational and general income of the 1,768 institutions under review. The amount reported for the institu¬ tions under public control was a little over $37,500,000, or 8.1 percent of the educational and general total for those institutions. For the privately controlled group the total was not quite $30,000,000 and the percent was 4.9. The total for all institutions represents an increase of 25.2 percent over the corresponding figure for 1943-44, and a 66.4 percent increase over that for 1941-42. Miscellaneous income. — The miscellaneous income account of an insti¬ tution of higher education includes that income which is either so incidental in its nature, so irregular in its frequency, or so minor in its amount as to make its classification difficult or impractical. The two most common of these items are probably interest on current funds (not interest on funds which are regularly or usually invested) and rent of institutional property for noninstitutional purposes (as, for example, the rent of a college dormi¬ tory or auditorium for a conference on religious, social, or other matters not specifically included in the institution’s instructional program). Income of this type amounted to a little more than $22,500,000 in 1945-^16. This was 13.2 percent more than the corresponding figure reported for 1943^44, but 9.3 percent less than that reported for 1935-36. While this 1945-46 figure, standing alone and as one absolute figure, may look rather large, it actually constituted only 2.5 percent (one-fortieth) of the total educational and general income for all institutions for that year. For the publicly controlled institutions the percentage was 1.8, and for those under private control it was 3.2. Total educational and general income. — The $924,958,233 reported as in¬ come for educational and general and for noneducational purposes amounted to 79.1 percent of the total current income for 1945-46, which came to $1,169,393,781. Auxiliary Enterprises and Activities Fund Income The auxiliary enterprises and activities of an institution include those activities which are important to its program but not absolutely indispensable to that program, and which are usually, although not necessarily, speculative or quasi-commercial. In many instances these enterprises offer their services to the noncollege public of their respective communities when they can do so without impairing their usefulness to the college community and when they 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 do not set up competition with the commercial activities of the noncollege community in which they are located. The operation of residence and dining halls or cafeterias is the commonest and most far-reaching of these activities. Income for this one service amounted to $162,042,427 in 1945-46, or nearly 14 percent of the total cur¬ rent income of all institutions. In other words, of every $7 collected for immediate use by a college or university in 1945-46, $1 was for either food or shelter for its students. Other auxiliary enterprises and activities included such services as the provision of lecture and concert courses, the management and financing of intercollegiate athletics, the operation of woodworking, printing, or other industrial plants or of farms, etc. Income for these activities amounted to a little more than $82,000,000 and constituted 7.0 percent of the total current income for 1945-46. Plant Fund Income In 1945-46 more than $121,000,000 was paid to institutions of higher education for plant expansion purposes. This is more than five times the amount reported for 1943-44 and is 1.84 times the 1939-40 amount, which was the maximum to that date. Of the 1945-46 total plant fund income, 2.9 percent was contributed by the Federal Government, 58.7 percent by State governments, and 1.5 percent by local governments, making a total of 63.1 percent from government units. Churches contributed 5.6 percent, and the remaining 31.3 percent came from philanthropic foundations, corporations, and individuals.4 More than three-fourths of the 1945-46 total (76.8 percent) was received by universities, colleges, and professional schools. Junior colleges and normal schools received 15.6 percent; of the nearly $19,000,000 received by this group, more than $17,500,000 came from State governments. Publicly controlled institutions, with slightly less than half the student enrollment in 1945-46, received two-thirds of the funds for plant extension, the percentages being 66.9 for public and 33.1 for private institutions. Expenditures In view of the varied activities and the great number of colleges and students, it is hardly surprising that higher education is a billion-dollar enterprise. A total of $1,172,917,010 was spent for current, capital, and debt purposes by the 1,768 institutions in 1945-46 for full- and part-time regular and summer session, correspondence, and extension students. This comes to $699.48 per regular session student (1,676,851). 4 The figures on which these calculations are based will be found in table 2 of this chapter. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 33 Grand Total of Expenditures Of the grand total, $1,088,421,688, or 92.8 percent, was used for current expenses, $71,402,530, or 6.1 percent, for expansion of the physical plant, and $13,092,792, or 1.1 percent, for debt retirement. Publicly controlled institutions spent 47.7 percent of the total, and those under private control spent the remaining 52.3 percent. This ratio compares with that of enrollments: 48.7 percent in public institutions and 51.3 percent in institutions under private control. Ten of every $11 (88.8 percent) were spent by universities, colleges, and professional schools. Teachers colleges and normal schools spent 5.8 per¬ cent of the total, and the remaining 5.4 percent was spent by junior colleges. The 1945-46 total represents an increase of 17.1 percent over that for 1943—44, when $1,001,545,068 was reported. The 1945-46 total, however, in¬ cludes more than $13,000,000 for debt service, an item not carried in the summary for 1943-44. Eliminating this item from the 1945-46 total gives a net of $1,159,824,218, which is 15.8 percent greater than the comparable total for 1943-44. Educational and General Expenditures When the educational and general expenditures of higher education for the past 6 years are analyzed by geographic regions (table XIX) , an increase is discernible in every region for every biennial period compared. The estimated total for 1945^46 is 58.4 percent greater than that for 1939^40. Regional increases range from 31.0 percent in the West North Central region to 61.6 percent in the Pacific region. Furthermore, the 1945-46 total includes $71,630,592 estimated for institutions not reporting and not allo¬ cable by regions. If this item is eliminated for 1945-46, the reported total for the nine regions in 1945-46 is $747,558,002, which is 44.6 percent more than the corresponding total for 1943-44. Table XIX.-— Educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education,1 by geographic division, 1939-40 to 1945-46 Geographic division 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1945-4 Amount 16 Percent of 1939-40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States . New England . . . . Middle Atlantic $517,043, 169 $567, 518, 849 $656, 801,819 $819, 168, 596 158.4 52, 748, 223 112, 017, 556 107, 021, 860 56, 937, 636 57, 679, 220 26, 807, 053 39, 271, 203 18, 528, 315 46, 032, 103 55, 623, 599 120, 616, 202 117, 551,012 59, 863, 683 66, 649, 909 29, 601, 098 42, 799, 362 20, 422, 316 54, 391, 668 59, 532, 468 131, 056, 497 141, 532, 907 66, 813, 728 78, 489, 495 32, 648, 436 45, 905, 782 22, 671, 699 78, 150, 807 73, 483, 965 155, 443, 905 155, 346, 917 74, 570, 202 92, 375, 067 36, 825, 679 58, 676, 104 26, 439, 546 74, 376, 619 71, 630, 592 139.3 138.8 145.2 131.0 160.2 137.4 149.4 142.7 161.6 East North Central _ _ West North Central _ _ _ South Atlantic _ _ East South Central... _ _ West South Central . . . . Mountain _ _ _ Pacific _ Institutions not reporting (estimated) 1 Not including U. S. Service academies. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 Percentage analysis of expenditures. — As a general practice, analyses of expenditures of institutions of higher education are based on current funds only. Thus, although the total expenditures for 1945-46 were $1,172,- 917,010 and those for administration were $104,808,424, or 8.9 percent of this grand total, a more common procedure is to relate costs of administra¬ tion and other activities to the total of current expenditures or to that of expenditures for educational and general purposes only. Another analysis which has been found useful for institutions not offering extension service is that which takes into account the educational and general campus activities only. The accompanying table XX presents three types of analysis of cur¬ rent expenditures for 1945^16. Administration and general expense. — Administrative expenses constituted 13.7 percent of the educational and general total (campus activities only), 12.8 percent of the entire educational and general group, and 9.7 percent of all current expenditures. These percentages, it will be noted, run con¬ siderably higher among privately controlled institutions than among those under public control. They also run higher among junior colleges as a class than among either teacher-preparation institutions or universities, colleges, and professional schools. Other studies in the field of higher education finance indicate that administrative costs are probably related to the size of the student body: that, in general, the more students enrolled, the lower the percentage of educational and general costs charged to administration. This thesis is strengthened but not established definitely by the data in table XX. Resident instruction. — The regular classroom instruction and laboratory work of institutions of higher education cost a total of $375,121,798 in 1945-46. This was 49.1 percent of the educational and general campus costs and 45.7 percent of the total of all educational and general costs. The fact that actual instructional activities accounted for less than half of the educa¬ tional and general costs is not surprising when it is recalled that the modern institution of higher education carries on a broad and ramified program, in¬ cluding not only the transmission of knowledge (instruction), but also the preservation of knowledge (libraries), the extension of the bounds of human knowledge (research), the implementation of knowledge through service to the community (related activities), or through carrying the instructional and service community to off-campus areas (extension). Organized research. — The research programs connected with higher educa¬ tion, which were so organized that they could be identified and accounted for in the institutional budgets, cost $86,811,655. This was 11.3 percent of the campus costs, 10.6 percent of all educational and general costs, and 8.0 percent of all current costs. Of the total of nearly 87 million dollars just quoted, $100,708 was spent at teacher-preparation institutions and $56,299 at junior colleges. The remaining $86,653,648 was used at universities, colleges, and professional schools. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 194 5-46 35 Libraries. — The maintaining of libraries, including the salaries of li¬ brarians and their aides, the purchase of books and supplies, binding of periodicals, and similar items (not including the operation and maintenance of library buildings) cost a total of $26,560,332. This amount was 3.5 percent of the campus costs, 3.2 percent of all educational and general costs, and 2.4 percent of all current expenses. This item ran a bit higher among teacher-preparation institutions than among the university, college, profes¬ sional school, and junior college groups. Plant operation and maintenance. — Wages of janitors and other care¬ takers, cost of fuel, light, trucking of materials about the campuses, repairs to buldings, and other costs associated with the keeping of the physical plant in operation involved a total expenditure of $110,947,104. In com¬ parison with the total of all expenditures, this item was slightly higher among privately controlled institutions than among those under public control. It also constitutes a higher percentage of the total among junior colleges and teacher-preparation institutions than among the universities, colleges, and professional schools. The relation of this item to the totals in 1943-44 and 1945-46 is as follows: Percent Item 1943-44 1945-46 Educational and general, campus only _ 13. 3 14. 5 Educational and general, all activities _ 12.4 13.5 All current expenditures _ 9. 3 10. 1 From this it is apparent that plant operation and maintenance costs have increased a bit more rapidly the past 2 years than have other expenses of conducting institutions of higher education. Related activities. — The conducting of museums, practice or demon¬ stration schools, and other activities, not integral parts of the instructional program but closely connected with it, entailed a total expenditure of $60,603,890 and constituted 7.9, 7.4, and 5.6 percent of the various groups of expenditures which have been discussed. More than $58,000,000 of the total was spent by universities and other institutions of the non-teacher- preparation type. Teachers colleges and normal schools spent less than $1,000,000 and junior colleges a little more than $1,000,000. Total educational and general campus. — Nearly $765,000,000 was spent by higher educational institutions for the campus activities of an educational and general nature. This was 93.2 percent of the total educational and general costs and 70.3 percent of the total current costs. Of the $765,- 000,000, aproximately $675,000,000 was spent by the universities, colleges, and professional schools; the remaining $90,000,000 was divided almost equally between teachers colleges and junior colleges. Extension. — Extension, including both formal and informal instruction of a noncurricular or noncampus character, involved a total expenditure of 852506 — 19 - 6 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 $55,473,093. Of this sum $49,527,987, or 89.3 percent, was spent by pub¬ licly controlled universities, colleges, and professional schools. Total educational and general expenditures . — The grand total of all educational and general expenditures for 1945-46 was $820,326,296. Of this amount 47.9 percent was spent by publicly controlled institutions and 52.1 percent by institutions under the control of private organizations. The total amount came to 70.3 percent of the total current expenditures for the year. The corresponding percentage for 1943-44 was 74.9. Auxiliary Enterprises and Activities The auxiliary enterprise and activity group of expenditures totaled $242,027,526, which was 22.3 percent of the total current cost of 1945-46. The corresponding percentage for 1943-44 was 22.7. Of the 1945-^16 total, $141,300,630, or approximately four-sevenths was for board and room activities; the remaining three-sevenths was for college social centers often known as unions, for lecture and concert courses, indus¬ trial enterprises, and similar activities. No details are available for a com¬ parison of these items with 1943-44. Other Noneducational Expenditures Expenditures for scholarships, fellowships, prizes, and for student pro¬ motion campaigns, interest on indebtedness (not including repayment of the indebtedness principal) and other activities not of an educational nature involved the expenditure of a little more than $26,000,000 in 1945-46. Slightly more than half of this was for scholarships and other student aid. No data are available as to the amount of student aid funds expended in 1943-44 or the relation of this item to others in the budget. For 1945-46 the total amount represented 2.3 percent of total current expenditures. Corresponding figures for 1943-44 are: Actual expenditures, $20,928,193; percent of total current, 2.4. Capital (Plant Fund) Expenditures Corresponding figures for 1943 ?44 are: Actual expenditures, $20,928,193; to $71,402,530 in 1945-46. This is 2.6 times the amount reported in 1943^14, but is only 85.2 percent of the amount reported in 1939-40. Tx- penditures for this purpose (referred to nontechnically as capital outlay) fluctuate greatly with the years, as the following table shows: Percent Year Amount of 1935-36 1935-86 _ $44,117,904 100.0 1937-38 _ 70, 465, 662 159. 7 1939-40 _ 83, 764, 961 189. 2 1941-42 _ 50, 201, 751 113. 8 1943-44 _ 27, 427, 134 62. 2 1945-46 _ 71, 402, 530 161. 8 The 1945-46 total included $55,756,071, or 78.1 percent, for lands, build¬ ings, and improvements; and $15,646,459, or 21.9 percent, for new equip- STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-4 6 37 ment of various sorts. No data are available for a corresponding break¬ down of the 1943-44 data. Of the 1945-46 total, 45.4 percent was spent by publicly controlled institu¬ tions and 54.6 percent by those under private control. This is almost a complete reversal from the division in 1943-44, which was 55.4 percent public and 44.6 percent private. Of the 1945-46 total, $61,687,722, or 86.4 percent, was spent by universi¬ ties, colleges, and professional schools; $4,460,343, or 6.3 percent, by teachers colleges and normal schools; and $5,254,465, or 7.3 percent, by junior colleges. This division is closely similar to that of 1943-44, when the percentages were 86.4, 6.5, and 7.1, respectively. Bond and Other Debt Retirement Just over $13,000,000 was paid out for reduction of indebtedness of in¬ stitutions of higher education. This sum does not include payment of in¬ terest on indebtedness, which is a charge against other noneducational expenditures. Of the money paid out for debt retirement, 62.6 percent was paid by pub¬ licly controlled institutions, and 37.4 percent by those under private control. Teachers colleges and normal schools paid 7.0 percent of the total sum; junior colleges 6.6 percent; and universities, colleges, and professional schools, the remaining 86.4 percent. No data are available on this item for previous years, nor are data avail¬ able on the total indebtedness still standing against higher educational in¬ stitutions over the country. The tabulations and discussion here presented should stimulate further study. Many of the tables will be found most useful when considered in relation to each other and in relation to those published in previous years. Table XX. — Percentage analysis, current expenditures of institutions of higher education, 1945-46 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Privately controlled institutions Percentage analysis Total current expend¬ itures = I 05 rf COtOOCD H 00 N H to HCO IH 74.1 . 9 75.0 15.4 6.1 2.0 1.5 100.0 Educational and general expenditures Total N 050^^010 ic CD 1-4 CO ^ 00 JO oi CO t»* 87.2 12.8 o 8 Cam¬ pus only 10.8 52.2 11.1 3.5 14.1 8.3 0 001 Amount $36, 907, 410 178, 816, 738 37, 960, 201 11, 987, 567 48, 496, 074 28, 647, 480 342, 815, 470 50, 275, 264 393, 090, 734 53, 401, 192 65, 912, 534 2, 105, 160 4, 158, 365 518,667,985 All institutions Percentage analysis Total current expend¬ itures MOO^HCO o> jg oo c4 © io* 70.3 5.1 75.4 13.0 9.3 1.2 o 8 Educational and general expenditures Total 00 CO 0**0^ ciiddcowN 93.2 6.8 o § Cam¬ pus only w 1 NHCO>OIOC5 cd fi cd rjJ O o o Amount w $104, 808, 424 375, 121, 798 86,811,655 26, 560, 332 110,947,104 60, 603, 890 764, 853, 203 55, 473, 093 820, 326, 296 141, 300, 630 100, 726, 896 13,465, 565 12, 602, 301 1,088,421,688 Item - I. All institutions Educational and general, campus only: Administration and general expense . Resident instruction . . . . . . Organized research . . . . . Libraries.. . . . . . . . Plant operation and maintenance . . . Related activities . . . . Total educational and general, campus only _ Total educational and general . . . . Auxiliary enterprises and activities: I i 1 D | i 1 it : as 5E i * > r-> |3 ! tS iO & Other noneducational expenditures: Sehnlarshins.fp.llowshins.nri7.es [ k i i i ) i u Is IX ic C/3 £ •c § £ a C E E n t 1 1 i i 1 > k j i j i i >itles, collej Sfe c3 a » s a« w g 95-S-5 o 5 5 ca 2 a "S s n io t£ o a >-h «TJ ® £7:2.2 V •a W -§ a O 3 O.S g 03 a .2 83 , .3 « _, C9'C^ o r a 3^: a o o-a ga 5 a *3 S3 e„a X BO « £s ?J3 : gft '=J3 e g g-o-g w - ei3 1 2 p o &2 « E-* § $5 qrtO 3t»0 b* B » S a _ &c3 S <3 oj a o a> .. bo g'2 § « Ss-g a 13 o 2 ®flsa Mot.® flS m # .2 .° «aS^g,‘3 •a a n .2 o a ...H®T3 5.2.2 ,2 a 2 § 2 c "S -Sa ® £? W(N(N05 000 © lO * rH C4 »o t-H 83.3 .3 83.6 8.7 5.0 .1 2.6 100.0 Educational and general expenditures Total 00 ©oeocoooco r-4 CO *NNN 99.7 .3 100.0 Cam¬ pus only r* 1-H CO CO 00 CO r-i co *e4t> »-» © rH © ©* o Amount CD $2, 378, 217 14, 245, 419 53, 192 498, 266 3, 828, 074 499, 569 21, 502, 737 67, 521 21, 570, 258 2, 241, 221 1, 294, 406 15, 415 668, 480 25,789,780 All institutions Percentage analysis Total current expend¬ itures U5> 13.7 40.9 .1 1.7 14.7 2.0 73.1 .2 73.3 19.1 5.1 .7 1.8 © 8 Educational and general expenditures Total 18.7 55.8 .1 2.3 20.0 2.8 99.7 .3 © © © Cam¬ pus only CO 18.7 55.9 .2 2.3 20.1 2.8 100.0 i Amount N $7, 770, 558 23, 233, 276 56, 299 968, 913 8, 337, 539 1, 169, 287 41, 535, 872 132, 566 41, 668, 438 10, 852, 892 2, 863, 780 415, 630 1, 047, 773 56, 848, 513 Item - IV. Junior colleges Educational and general, campus only: Administration and general expense . . Resident instruction . . . . . Organized research.. . . . . . Libraries . . . . . . Plant operation and maintenance . Related activities . . . . . Total educational and general, campus only... . Total educational and general . . Auxiliary enterprises and activities: i 1 c 1 ! ) it IS I a : 3 > ; 15 ;o Other noneducational expenditures: ScholarshiDS. fellowshins. nrizes Other. . _ _ _ _ < » a 'C a a C X 03 c e (H £ o Eh 1 1 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent. Table 1. — Historical summary of institutions of higher education, 1899-1900 to 1945-46 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 41 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 44-46 Table 2. — Staff, students ,and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 1 and 1943-44 2 3 I. ALL INSTITUTIONS 1945-46 Item Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1943-44 total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of institutions _ _ 1,051 253 464 1,768 1, 650 Staff (Full-Time Equivalent)— Total — - - - - 116, 280 10, 257 9, 495 136,032 134, 451 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. 84, 275 4,723 4, 878 93, 876 93, 794 Women _ _ _ 32, 005 5,534 4, 617 42,156 40, 657 Resident College Enrollments— Regular session only: Total . . . . . . 1, 400, 583 119, 812 156, 456 1,676,851 31, 155, 272 Men.. _ .. . . . 803, 227 44, 357 80, 078 927, 662 578, 948 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ 597, 356 75, 455 76, 378 749, 189 576, 324 Third week of fall term: 4 Total _ _ _ _ _ 906, 242 75,537 91, 850 1,073,629 733, 190 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ 420, 914 16, 465 36,303 473, 682 («) Women. . . . . . . 485, 328 59, 072 55, 547 599, 947 (*) First time in any college: 4 Total _ _ _ _ _ 354, 316 42, 882 77, 696 474, 894 251, 071 Men _ _ _ 211,919 17, 213 40, 569 269, 701 (8) Women _ _ _ _ 142, 397 25,669 37, 127 205, 193 (8) Veterans of World War II: 4 Total . . . . 399, 060 25, 766 37, 253 462, 079 (8) Men _ 389, 757 24,434 36, 414 450,605 (8) Women _ _ _ _ 9,303 1, 332 839 11, 474 (8) Undergraduate (all courses): Total _ _ _ 1, 158, 843 113,034 139, 680 1, 411, 557 (8) Men.. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 668, 234 40, 960 71,740 780, 934 (8) Women _ 490, 609 72, 074 67, 940 630, 623 (8) Undergraduate, arts and sciences: Total. . . (8) (*) (8) (8) 610, 617 Men . . . . . . . (*) (8) (8) (8) 255, 235 Women _ _ _ (*) (8) (8) (8) 355, 382 Undergraduate, professional schools: Total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (8) («) (') (8) 489, 243 Men - - - (8) (*) (8) (8) 290, 934 Women _ _ (8) (») (8) (s) 198, 309 Graduate (all courses) : Total _ 118, 139 3,113 121, 252 (8) Men _ _ _ .. 73, 356 1,650 75, 006 (8) Women _ . 44, 783 1,463 46, 246 (8) Graduate, arts and sciences: Total _ _ _ (8) (8) (8) (8) 28,117 Men _ _ _ _ (8) (8) (8) (*) 13,923 Women _ _ _ (8) (*) (8) (8) 14,194 1 Includes data for all institutions reporting, plus estimates for institutions not reporting. 2 Includes data for reporting institutions only. 3 Includes 270,034 men and 7,721 women, full-time military students. 4 Included in regular session totals. 3 Data not available. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 43 Table 2. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1 943-44— Continued I. ALL INSTITUTIONS— Continued Item 1945-46 1943-44 total Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges, and professional schools Teachers colleges, and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Resident College Enrollment— Continued Regular session only— Continued Graduate, professional schools: Total . . . . (•) (») («) (*) 31, 114 (*) (*) (*) («) (») (») (4) (») 17, 137 13, 977 Women _ _ _ Summer sessions, 1945 and 1943: Total . __ . 410,334 70, 200 35, 068 515, 602 376, 334 Men.. . . . . . 192, 083 218, 251 14, 697 55, 503 19, 641 15, 427 226, 421 289, 181 133,881 242, 453 Women.. . . . . . Other enrollments: Noncollegiate (resident) : Total. - . 42,738 40, 588 17, 637 100, 963 99, 998 Men (boys) . . . . 23, 561 19, 177 19,232 21, 356 9, 557 8, 080 52, 350 48, 613 49, 622 50, 376 Women (girls) . . . - _ Nonresident (collegiate and noncollegiate): Total.. . . 474,713 36, 573 24, 671 535,957 343, 375 Men (boys) _ _ _ _ _ _ 231, 665 243, 048 7,021 29, 552 15,006 9,665 253, 692 282, 265 154, 845 188, 530 Women (girls) . . . Short courses: Total _ _ _ 63,731 2,395 2, 613 68, 739 57, 677 Men (boys) . . . 42, 447 21, 284 431 1, 964 1,940 673 44, 818 23, 921 32, 707 24, 970 Women (girls) _ - . . . . Individual instruction: Total _ - - . . . 45, 779 2, 274 3,795 51, 848 32, 296 Men (boys) . . . . 14, 725 31,054 673 1,601 876 2,919 16, 274 35, 574 (4) <4) Women (girls) . . . Degrees— Earned: Bachelor’s (including first professional): Total . . 120,373 15, 801 136, 174 125, 875 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ 55, 253 65, 120 3, 411 12, 390 58, 664 77, 510 55, 876 69, 999 Women . . . . . Master’s: Total _ _ _ 18,077 1, 132 19, 209 13, 414 Men _ _ _ 9, 035 9, 042 449 683 9, 484 9, 725 5, 711 7,703 Women _ _ _ _ Doctor’s: Total . . . . . 1, 952 14 1,966 2,305 Men _ 1, 568 384 (») 12 2 (») 1, 580 386 (4) 1, 880 425 1, 292 Women _ - _ _ _ Honorary (men and women) _ _ » Data not available 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 4-46 Table 2. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 — Continued n. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS 1945-46 Item Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges. and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1943-44 total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Number of institutions-. - _ _ _ 165 217 242 624 589 Staff (Full-Time Equivalent)— Total _ 54, 823 9, 548 4, 852 69, 223 65, 069 Men . . . . . 40,181 4, 469 2, 982 47, 632 44. 521 Women _ _ _ - 14, 642 5,079 1, 870 21, 591 20, 548 Resident College Enrollments— Regular session only: Total _ 613, 193 110, 970 109, 640 833,803 « 571, 406 Men. . . - --. _ -- - --. 360, 163 42,559 62, 463 465, 185 282, 510 Women _ _ 253, 030 68, 411 47, 177 368, 618 288, 896 Third week of fall term: 4 Total _ _ _ _ 373, 748 69,206 59, 195 502, 149 352, 350 Men - - - - - 167, 630 15,621 27, 653 210, 904 (8) Women _ _ _ _ 206, 118 53,585 31, 542 291, 245 (8) First time in any college: 4 Total _ _ 159, 062 39,698 51, 596 250, 356 135, 238 Men _ -. . . . . . . 99, 551 16, 444 30, 469 146, 464 (8) Women - - - - 59, 511 23, 254 21, 127 103, 892 (8) Veterans of World War II: 4 Total _ 176, 486 24,690 28, 295 229, 471 (8) Men . . . . . 173, 130 23, 535 27, 656 224, 321 (8) Women _ - - - - 3, 356 1,155 639 5, 150 (8) Undergraduate (all courses): Total _ _ _ 519, 124 100,061 96,080 720, 265 (8) Men - - - - 307, 852 39, 509 56, 109 403, 470 (8) Women _ _ 211, 272 65, 502 39, 971 316, 795 (8) Undergraduate, arts and sciences: Total . . . . . (8) (5) (8) (8) 262, 293 Men - - (8) (5) (8) (8) 104, 765 Women . . . . (') (5) (8) (8) 157, 528 Undergraduate, professional schools: Total _ (8) (8) (8) (8) 291, 440 Men . . . . (8) (8) (8) (8) 164, 629 Women - - - - (8) (8) (8) (8) 126, 811 Graduate (all courses) : Total _ _ - . - _ _ 40, 434 2,422 42, 856 (8) Men _ _ . . _ _ _ 27, 114 13, 320 1, 326 28,440 14, 416 (8) Women _ - 1, 096 (8) Graduate, arts and sciences: Total _ _ _ (s) (*) (5) (8) 10, 767 Men _ - _ (8) (8) (8) (8) 5, 562 Women _ _ _ _ _ (8) (8) (8) (8) 5,205 Graduate, professional schools: Total _ _ _ (*) (5) (8) (8) 9,469 Men . . . . (6) (8) (8) (8) 5,499 Women _ _ (8) (8) (8) (8) 3, 970 4 Included in regular session totals. 5 Data not available. •Includes 142,502 men and 6,952 women, full-time military students. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 45 Table 2. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 — Continued H. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS— Continued Item 1945-46 1943-44 total Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Resident College Enrollments— Con. Summer sessions, 1945 and 1943: 164, 678 62, 551 25, 017 252, 246 200, 216 74, 874 89, 804 13, 781 48, 770 15, 090 9, 927 103, 745 148, 501 69, 585 130, 631 Other enrollments: Noncollegiate (resident): 21, 247 39, 339 2,893 63, 479 63, 164 9, 685 11, 562 18, 840 20, 499 2,096 797 30, 621 32,858 30, 386 32, 778 Women (girls) _ _ Nonresident (collegiate and noncollegiate): Total _ _ _ 373, 603 34, 546 21,344 429, 493 288, 025 Men (boys) _ 179, 746 193, 857 6, 674 27, 872 12, 892 8, 452 199, 312 230, 181 132, 025 156, 000 Women (girls) _ Short courses: Total _ _ 52, 204 2,337 2,352 56, 893 41, 621 Men (boys). .. _ 35,545 16, 659 400 1,937 1,838 514 37, 783 19, 110 24, 357 17, 264 Women (girls) _ Individual instruction: Total . . . . . 3, 594 2, 232 676 6,502 3, 715 Men (boys) _ _ _ _ 1, 205 2,389 673 1, 559 328 348 2,206 4,296 (5) (5) Women (girls) _ Degrees— Earned: Bachelor’s (including first professional): Total . . . . . 51, 006 14, 476 65, 482 62, 752 Men _ _ _ _ _ 22, 429 28, 577 3,252 11, 224 25, 681 39, 801 24, 580 38, 172 Women _ Master’s: Total _ _ _ 6,002 836 6, 838 5,417 Men _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 250 2,752 390 446 3,640 3, 198 2,497 2, 920 Women . . . . . . . Doctors: Total. . . . . . 716 716 952 Men _ 600 116 (*) 600 116 («) 815 137 146 Women. _ _ _ Honorary (men and women) _ («) in. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Number of institutions _ _ _ _ 886 36 222 1,144 1,061 Staff (Full-time Equivalent)— Total _ _ _ _ _ _ 61, 457 709 4,643 66, 809 69,382 Men _ 44, 094 17,363 254 455 1,896 2,747 46, 244 20, 565 49, 273 20, 109 Women _ s Data not available. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 2. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 — Continued III. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS— Continued Item Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges, and professional schools 1945- Teachers colleges and normal schools 46 Junior colleges Total 1943-44 total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Resident College Enrollments— Regular session only: Total — . - . . 787,390 8,842 46, 816 843,048 7 583, 866 Men . . - . . . 443,064 1,798 17, 615 462, 477 296, 438 Women . . - . 344, 326 7, 044 29, 201 380, 571 287, 428 Third week of fall term:4 Total— . . 532, 494 6,331 32, 655 571, 480 380, 840 Men . . 253, 284 844 8,650 262, 778 (!) Women.. . . . . 279, 210 5,487 24,005 308, 702 (8) First time in any college:1 Total . - . - . - . 195, 254 3, 184 26, 100 224, 538 115, 833 Men . . . . - . 112, 368 769 10, 100 123, 237 (8) Women.. . . . . 82, 886 2, 415 16, 000 101,301 (8) Veterans of World War II:4 Total . . . 222, 574 1,076 8, 958 232, 608 (8) Men . . 216, 627 899 8,758 226, 284 (8) Women . . 5,947 177 200 6, 324 (8) Undergraduate (all courses): Total . . . - . — 639, 719 7,973 43, 600 691, 292 (8) Men . . . . - . 360,382 1,451 15, 631 377, 464 (8) Women.. . . . 279,337 6, 522 27,969 313,828 (8) Undergraduate, arts and sciences: Total . . . (8) («) (8) (s) 348,324 Men . . . (*) (») (*) (8) 150, 470 Women.. . (8) (8) (8) (8) 197, 854 Undergraduate, professional schools: Total — . (8) (*) (8) (8) 197, 803 Men . . . . (8) (8) (5) (») 126,305 Women . . . . . . (8) (8) (8) (8) 71, 498 Graduate (all courses) : Total _ 77, 705 691 78,396 (8) Men _ 46, 242 324 46, 566 (8) Women _ 31, 463 367 31, 830 (8) Graduate, arts and sciences: Total . . . - . (») (») (!) (*) 17,350 Men . . (8) (») (*) (8) 8,361 Women . . . (») (8) (8) («) 8,989 Graduate, professional schools: Total . . (8) (») (8) (s) 21, 645 Men. . . . (8) (5) (8) (8) 11, 638 Women . . . . (8) (8) (5) («) 10,007 Summer sessions, 1945 and 1943: Total . . . 245, 656 7,649 10, 051 263, 356 176, 118 Men . . . . . . . 117, 209 916 4,551 122, 676 64, 296 Women . . . . - . 128, 447 6,733 5,500 140, 680 111, 822 4 Included in regular sessions total. * Data not available. 1 1ncludes 127,532 men and 769 women, full-time military students. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 47 Table 2. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44— Continued III. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS— Continued 1945-46 Item Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1943 -44 total 1 2 3 4 5 e Resident College Enrollments— Cont. Regular session only: Other enrollments: Noncollegiate (resident): Total . . . . 21, 491 1,244 14,744 37, 484 36,834 13, 876 7, 615 392 7,461 21, 729 15, 755 19, 236 17, 598 Women (girls) . . . 857 7,283 Nonresident (collegiate and noncollegiate): Total _ _ _ _ _ 101,110 2,027 3,327 106, 464 55, 350 Men (boys) _ 51, 919 49, 191 347 2,114 54, 380 52, 084 22, 820 32,530 Women (girls).... 1, 680 1, 213 Short courses: Total . . . . 11, 527 58 261 11, 846 16, 056 Men (boys) . . . . 6, 902 4, 625 31 102 7,035 4, 811 8,350 7.706 Women (girls) .. . 27 159 Individual instruction: Total . . . . 42, 185 42 3, 119 45, 346 28, 581 Men (boys) . . . . . 13, 520 28, 665 548 14, 068 31, 271 (*) (*) Women (girls).. _ _ _ 42 2,571 Degrees— Eamede: Bachelors (including first professional): Total . ... _ 69, 367 1,325 70, 692 63,123 Men . . . . 32, 824 36, 543 159 32. 983 31, 296 31, 827 Women _ 1,166 37, 709 Master’s: Total... . . . . . . 12, 075 296 12, 371 7,997 Men . . . . 5, 785 6, 290 59 5,844 6, 527 3,214 4,783 Women _ _ _ _ _ 237 Doctor’s: Total . . . 1, 236 14 1,250 1,353 Men . . 968 12 980 1,065 288 Women _ _ _ _ 268 2 270 Honorary (men and women) _ _ _ (5) (*) («) (5) 1, 146 5 Data not available. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 3. — Financial data for institutions of higher education, 1945-46 1 and 1943-44 2 I. INCOME Item 1945-46 1943-4-1 total Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total • 2 3 4 5 6 All institutions Number of institutions . . . 1,051 253 464 1, 768 1,563 Current income, by fund and source: Educational and general, from: Student fees. . . . $188, 216, 659 $8, 358, 023 $17, 769, 512 $214, 344, 194 $154, 485, 024 Endowment earnings _ 88, 364, 392 454, 479 943, 972 89, 762, 843 75, 195, 922 Federal Government, for— Veterans educational student 56, 481, 842 2, 339, 522 2, 352, 998 61, 174, 362 Other purposes . . 135', 043; 546 669, 498 362, 810 136, 075, 854 308, 163, 199 State governments- _ 179, 329, 353 38, 034, 200 7, 797, 727 225, 161, 280 175, 168, 554 County, city, or district govern- ments _ _ _ - _ 18, 587, 784 1, 258, 244 11, 158, 683 31, 004, 711 26, 448, 656 Private gifts and grants. _ . 72, 437, 306 1, 920, 966 3, 213, 928 77, 572, 200 50, 449, 232 Sales and services. .. ... _ 65, 042, 485 783, 627 1, 257, 561 67, 083, 673 53, 576, 346 Miscellaneous and unitemized sources _ _ 20, 161, 344 841, 283 1, 776, 489 22, 779, 116 20, 166, 949 Total educational and general.. 823, 664, 711 54, 659, 842 46, 633, 680 924, 958, 233 863, 653, 882 Auxiliary enterprises and activities. 183, 643, 587 Residence and dining halls . 136, 214, 726 11, 745, 606 14, 082, 095 162, 042, 427 (3) Other auxiliary enterprises _ 76, 394, 126 2, 710, 990 3, 288, 005 82, 393, 121 (3) Total current income _ 1,036, 273, 563 69, 116, 438 64, 003, 780 1, 169, 393, 781 1, 047, 297, 469 Plant fund income, from— Federal Government . . 2, 994, 355 73, 039 480, 029 3, 547, 423 l3) State governments . . . . 52, 033, 349 17, 578, 904 1, 880, 168 71, 492, 421 (3) County, city, or district govern¬ ments . . . . . 559, 411 1, 258, 718 1, 818, 129 (3) Churches . . 4, 566, 781 804, 733 1, 461, 449 6, 832,963 (3) Foundations, corporations, and individuals. _ _ 33, 454, 226 513, 985 4, 177, 631 38, 145, 842 (3) Total plant fund income _ 93, 608, 122 18, 970, 661 9, 257, 995 121, 836, 778 22, 586, 984 Endowment and other nonexpend¬ able fund income: Endowment funds _ _ (3) (3) t3) (3) 59, 990, 791 Annuity funds . . . . (3) (3) (3) (3) 2, 451, 404 Student loan funds _ _ (3) (3) (3) (3) 2, 022, 007 Other nonexpendable funds. ... .. (3) t3) (*) (3) 5, 224, 102 Total endowment and other nonexpendable funds . . (3) (3) (3) (3) 69, 688, 304 Publicly controlled institutions Number of institutions . . 165 217 242 624 582 Current income, by fund and source: Educational and general, from: Student fees _ _ 44, 089, 808 6, 430, 244 3, 136, 797 53, 656, 849 38, 156, 982 Endowment earnings. . . . 8, 640, 463 161, 956 35, 823 8, 838, 242 8, 676, 791 Federal Government, for: Veterans educational student fees 16, 267, 464 1, 695, 419 1, 693, 583 19, 556, 466 Other purposes . . . 76, 591, 325 620, 830 272, 907 77, 485, 062 159, 961, 884 State governments . . 167, 857, 422 38, 034, 200 7, 739, 518 213, 631, 140 167, 051, 461 County, city, or district govern¬ ments . . . . 18, 407, 690 1, 258, 244 11, 129, 682 30, 795, 616 26, 011, 169 Private gifts and grants _ 11, 576, 742 1, 044, 244 99, 002 12, 719, 988 8, 788, 131 Sales and services _ _ 36, 610, 900 592, 603 473,081 37, 676, 584 34, 016, 670 Miscellaneous and unitemized sources . . 6, 534, 523 748, 737 825, 667 8, 108, 927 6, 862,076 Total educational and general income _ _ 386, 576, 337 50, 586, 477 25,306,060 462, 468, 874 449, 525, 164 1 Includes data for all institutions reporting, plus estimates for institutions not reporting. 2 Includes data for reporting institutions only. 8 Data not available. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 194 5-4 6 49 Table 3. — Financial data for institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 — Continued I. INCOME— Continued 1945-46 Item Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1943-44 total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Publicly controlled institutions — Continued Current income, by fund and source — Continued Educational and general, from— Con $82, 537, 444 Residence and dining halls _ $47, 636, 085 $10, 784, 701 $2, 352, 598 $60, 773, 384 (3) Other auxiliary enterprises _ 43, 171, 231 2, 234, 037 1, 339, 131 46, 744, 399 (3) Total current income .. _ 477, 383, 653 63, 605, 215 28, 997, 789 569, 986, 657 532, 062, 608 Plant fund income, from— Federal Government _ .... 881, 360 73,039 480,029 1, 434, 428 (3) State governments _ ... 51, 259, 294 17, 578, 904 1, 880, 168 70, 718, 366 (*) County, city, or district govern- 541, 236 1, 252, 504 1, 793, 740 (3) Churches.. . __ _ . ... (3) Foundations, corporations, and individuals _ _ .... 7, 301, 794 177, 657 95, 311 7, 574, 762 (3) Total plant fund income .. . 59, 983, 684 17, 829, 600 3, 708, 012 81, 521, 296 11, 646, 269 Endowment and other nonex¬ pendable funds income: Endowment funds .. _ _ (*) (3) (3) (3) 18, 826, 424 Annuity funds _ _ (3) (3) (3) (3) 554, 608 Student loan funds _ (3) (3) (3) (3) 667, 479 Other nonexpendable funds _ (3) (3) (3) (3) 307, 902 Total endowment and other nonexpendable funds. . (3) (*) (3) (3) 20, 356, 413 Privately controlled institutions Number of institutions . . . . 886 36 222 1, 144 981 Current income, by fund and source: Educational and general, from: Student fees. . . . . 144, 126, 851 1, 927, 779 14, 632, 715 160,687,345 116, 328,042 Endowment earnings _ . 79, 723, 929 292, 523 908, 149 80, 924, 601 66, 519, 131 Federal Government, for: Veterans’ educational student fees _ _ .. .. 40, 214, 378 644, 103 759, 415 41, 617, 896 Other purposes. _ . . . 58, 452, 221 48, 668 89, 903 58, 590, 792 148, 201, 315 State governments . 11, 471, 931 58,209 11, 530, 140 8,117,093 County, city, or district govern¬ ments _ 180, 094 29, 001 209, 095 437, 487 Private gifts and grants _ 60. 860, 564 876, 722 3, 114, 926 64, 852, 212 41, 661, 101 Sales and services _ _ 28, 431, 585 191, 024 784, 480 29, 407, 089 19, 559, 676 Miscellaneous and unitemized sources. _ _ _ ... .. 13, 626, 821 92, 546 950, 822 14, 670, 189 13,304,873 Total educational and general _ 437,088, 374 4,073, 365 21, 327, 620 462, 489, 359 414. 128, 718 Auxiliary enterprises and activities.. 101, 106, 143 Residence and dining halls... .. 88, 578, 641 960, 905 11, 729, 497 101,269,043 (3) Other auxiliary enterprises _ 33, 222, 895 476, 953 1, 948, 874 35, 648, 722 (3) Total current income . . 558, 889, 910 5, 511, 223 35,005,991 599, 407, 124 515, 234, 861 Plant fund income, from: Federal Government . . 2, 112, 995 2, 112, 995 (J) State governments. _ _ _ 774,055 774, 055 (3) County, city, or district govern¬ ments . _. _ 18, 175 6 214 24, 389 (3) Churches _ . . _ 4, 566, 781 804, 733 1, 461, 449 6, 832, 963 (3) Foundations, corporations, and individuals _ _ 26, 152, 432 336, 328 4,082, 320 30, 571,080 (3) Total plant fund income . 33, 624, 438 1, 141, 061 5, 549, 983 40, 315, 482 10, 940, 715 3 Data not available. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 3. — Financial data for institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 — Continued I. INCOME— Continued 4 1945-46 Item Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1943-44 total i 2 3 4 5 6 Privately controlled institutions— Continued Endowment and other nonexpend¬ able funds income: Endowment funds _ _ (*) (*) (3) (3) $41, 164, 367 Annuity funds . . .. (*) (3) (3) (3) 1, 896, 796 Student loan funds. . . . . (3) (3) (3) (3) 1, 354, 528 Other nonexpendable funds . . («) (3) (3) (3) 4, 916, 200 Total endowment and other nonexpendable funds . ... (*) (3) (3) (3) 49,331,891 II. EXPENDITURES All Institutions Number of institutions . 1,051 253 464 1,768 1, 563 Current expenditures: Educational and general: Administration and general ex¬ pense . $90, 248, 866 322, 885, 667 86, 653, 648 23, 533, 932 93, 099, 565 58, 493, 640 $6, 789, 000 29, 002. 855 101, 708 2, 057, 487 9, 510, 000 940,963 $7, 770, 558 23, 233, 276 5b, 299 968, 913 8, 337, 539 1,169,287 $104, 808, 424 375,121,798 8b, 811, 655 26, 560, 332 110, 947, 104 60, 603, 890 $69, 668, 093 334, 188, 458 58, 456, 027 20, 452, 395 81, 200, 663 48. 414, 985 Resident instruction . Organized research . . Libraries . . . . . . . Plant operation and maintenance. Related activities .. Subtotal . . . 674, 915,318 54, 638, 740 48,402,013 701, 787 41, 535, 872 132, 566 764, 853, 203 55, 473, 093 612, 380, 621 44, 421, 198 Extension . . . . Total educational and general.. Federal contract courses ... 729, 554, 058 49, 103, 800 41, 668, 438 820. 326, 296 656, 801, 819 97, 043, 886 199, 344, 036 (3) (3) 20, 928, 193 (3) (3) Auxiliary enterprises and activities. Residence and dining halls . . 120, 392, 348 94, 901, 055 10, 055. 390 2, 962, 061 10, 852,892 2, 863, 780 141, 300, 630 100, 726, 896 Other auxiliary . Other noneducational expenditures. Scholarships, fellowships, prizes. . Other . 12, 865, 235 11, 369, 725 184, 700 184, 803 415, 630 1, 047, 773 13, 465, 565 12, 602, 301 Total current expenditures . Capital expenditures: Land, buildings, improvements _ Equipment... 969, 082, 421 62, 490, 754 56, 848, 513 1, 088, 421, 688 974, 117, 934 48, 123, 217 13, 564, 505 3, 420, 609 1, 039, 734 4, 212, 245 1, 042, 220 55, 756, 071 15, 646, 459 (3) (3) Total capital expenditures . Bond and other debt retirement _ Grand total expenditures re¬ ported - - - 61, 687, 722 11, 308, 426 4, 460, 343 913, 343 5, 254, 465 871, 023 71, 402, 530 13, 092, 792 27, 427, 134 (3) 1,042, 078,569 67, 864, 440 62, 974, 001 1, 172, 917, 010 1, 001, 545,068 Publicly controlled institutions Number of institutions _ 165 217 242 624 582 Current expenditures: Educational and general: Administration and general ex¬ pense . . . $28, 378, 402 137, 387, 450 37, 852, 495 9, 614, 107 $6, 150, 791 27, 183, 869 54, 514 1, 875, 194 $2, 378, 217 14, 245, 419 53, 192 498, 266 $36, 907, 410 178, 816, 738 37, 960, 201 11, 987, 567 $26, 140, 013 149, 234, 566 29, 223, 479 10, 085, 248 Resident instruction _ _ _ Organized research . . Libraries . . . . . * Data not available. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 51 Table 3. — Financial data for institutions of higher education, 1945-46 and 1943-44 — Continued H. EXPENDITURES— Continued Item 1945-46 1943-44 total Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools Junior colleges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Publicly controlled institutions— Continued Current expenditures— Continued Educational and general— Con. Plant operation and maintenance. Related activities . . . . $35, 806, 303 27, 424, 756 $8,861,697 723, 155 $3, 828, 074 499, 569 $48, 496, 074 28, 647, 480 $37, 713, 762 26, 178, 539 Subtotal _ _ _ 276, 463, 513 49, 527, 987 44, 849, 220 679, 756 21, 502, 737 67, 521 342, 815, 470 50, 275, 264 278, 575, 607 41. 312, 303 Extension _ _ _. _ Total educational and general.. 325, 991, 500 45, 528, 976 21, 570, 258 393, 090, 734 319, 887, 910 66, 828, 251 93, 766, 542 (3) (3) 4, 519, 285 (3) (3) Auxiliary enterprises and activities. Residence and dining halls . 41,989,887 62. 005, 842 9, 170, 084 2, 612, 286 2. 241, 221 1, 294, 406 53, 401, 192 65, 912, 534 Other auxiliary. . .7 _ Other noneducational expenditures . Scholarships, fellowships, prizes.. Other . . . . .. 1, 979, 834 3, 330, 576 109, 911 159, 309 15, 415 668, 480 2, 105, 160 4, 158, 365 Total current expenditures _ Capital expenditures: Land, buildings, improvements _ Equipment . . . . . . 435, 297, 639 57, 580, 566 25, 789. 780 518, 667, 985 485,001,988 18,687, 645 7, 753, 167 2,882,389 950, 035 1,617,682 511, 293 23, 187, 716 9, 214, 495 (*) (3) Total capital expenditures _ Bond and other debt retirement _ Grand total expenditures re¬ ported .. . 26, 440, 812 3, 832, 424 2, 128, 975 32, 402, 211 15. 204, 980 6, 939, 360 842,842 414, 284 8, 196, 486 (3) 468, 677, 811 62, 255,832 28, 333, 039 559, 266, 682 500, 206, 968 Privately controlled institutions Number of institutions _ 886 36 222 1, 144 981 Current expenditures: Educational and general: Administration and general ex¬ penses .. _ . _ $61,870, 464 185, 498, 217 48,801,153 13, 919, 825 57, 293, 262 31, 068, 884 $638, 209 1, 818, 986 47,194 182, 293 648, 303 217, 808 $5, 392, 341 8, 987, 857 3,107 470, 647 4,509,465 669, 718 $67, 901, 014 196, 305,060 48, 851, 454 14, 572, 765 62, 451, 030 31,956, 410 $43, 528,080 184, 953, 892 29, 232, 548 10, 367, 147 43, 486, 901 22, 236, 446 Resident instruction ... _ Organized research . . . Libraries... .. _ _ Plant operation and maintenance. Related activities _ _ _ Subtotal _ _ _ 398,451,805 5, 110, 753 3, 552, 793 22, 031 20, 033, 135 65, 045 422, 037, 733 5, 197, 829 333,805, 014 3, 108, 895 Extension.. _ _ Total educational and general. . . Federal contract courses _ 403,562, 558 3, 574, 824 20, 098, 180 427, 235, 562 336, 913, 909 30, 215, 635 105, 577, 494 (3) (3) 16, 408, 908 (3) (3) Auxiliary enterprises and activities.. Residence and dining halls . 78,402,461 32, 895, 213 885, 306 349, 775 8, 611,671 1,569, 374 87, 899, 438 34,814,362 Other auxiliary.. . . Other noneducational expenditures. Scholarships, fellowships, prizes... Other _ _ _ _ 10, 885, 401 8, 039, 149 74, 789 25, 494 400,215 379, 293 11, 360, 405 8, 443, 936 Total current expenditures . Capital expenditures: Land buildings, improvements Equipment.. . . . . 533, 784, 782 4, 910, 188 31, 058, 733 569, 753, 703 489, 115, 946 29,435,572 5,811,338 533, 220 89, 699 2,594,563 530, 927 32, 568, 355 6,431,964 (3) (3) Total capital expenditures . . 35, 246, 910 627, 919 3, 125, 490 39, 000, 319 12, 222, 154 Bond and other debt retirement . 4, 369, 066 70,501 456, 739 4,896,306 (3) Grand total expenditures re¬ ported . . . . . 573, 400, 758 5, 608, 605 34, 640,962 613, 650, 328 501, 338, 100 * Data not available. Table 4. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, by States, 1945-46 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Degrees Doctor’s Wo¬ men S* 1 CD co 'H • OiH CO till HTfM IH t-H iCMt>»CO t-h ICO ih ' 'CM vH 1 1 1 1 »Q CM ■ . HHH t-H 1 , II 1 1 1 1 I | || II till 1 | || II 1 1 1 1 1 | || II 1 1 1 1 l | || II 1 1 1 1 i | | , Men O cm 1, 580 1-1 CM ' t-h Tf CO I CO 1 1 N 05 O OO Ci T}4 I001OH 05 • tO i CO ' ^ i— 1 ’Tjt i ii to tQ to ' CO ^ CO CO i CM ih i iii . || i iii i , , i iii i . i Master’s and second professional Wo¬ men 2 N r* 05 05 lO t— Oi ONCQOO lOWMOt- ONOI-mN MNNhh -n- C^l , — I t~- t'- 50 lO — 1 t-H t^CT|T-l i-H l— CO T-H CH Baccalaure¬ ate and first professional Wo¬ men 77,510 1, 275 292 446 4, 131 864 714 67 912 1,415 159 4, 260 1,857 1, 436 1, 143 1,014 1,249 355 922 3,340 2, 861 2, 167 603 1,866 197 724 Men CD 58,664 447 131 317 3, 422 714 1,215 32 411 1, 053 106 4,641 2,186 1,068 774 815 1,072 183 552 3, 168 2, 008 1,679 342 1,576 114 709 Other enrollments Indi¬ vid¬ ual in¬ struc¬ tion ID 51,848 975 275 563 924 696 93 414 464 349 9, 271 3,268 1,724 2, 868 457 98 8 19 646 319 2,708 243 2,467 77 441 Short cours¬ es 05 CO r- GO CD 113 30 891 1,386 669 1,174 363 913 3,035 576 471 175 1,636 2,812 4, 295 616 7, 973 8,885 35 739 804 Nonres¬ ident (colle¬ giate and noncol- legiate) co 535,957 7, 351 2, 227 9, 810 158, 338 5,736 3, 521 7,164 3,034 620 23, 590 14,971 8, 375 8, 612 3, 108 4, 137 524 1,269 3, 525 23, 420 24, 617 2,111 8, 634 1,058 10, 747 Resi¬ dent non- col- legi- ate 100, 963 CO CO ^ to 05 CMO^CMCM Tf CDNCMO OOIOOCO CO CO CO ^ r- HLTOOOO CM tO CM CM OOCWiO O iO CO CO H CM iO P- CO 00 OiQWOlO iQhOON NHO(NC3 ^ CO CO O CO OJCJTji th CO f-Ti-T r-Tr-T Tt? CO rH CT CO to to to h*T CO hVo* NcoVhtjT Men SJ CD CM D? 2, 225 543 1,653 13, 062 5, 803 1,129 520 1,552 4, 661 440 14,119 9,244 3,478 4,134 2, 253 1,876 301 628 8, 180 5,327 3,684 4,132 5,888 543 1,355 Vet¬ erans of World War II 2 05 os o O? CD 6, 647 1,619 2,414 39, 424 8,911 5, 259 425 4, 870 5, 476 1,971 29, 514 16, 458 10, 923 8, 411 6, 138 8, 336 1,327 1,799 12, 903 25,822 4, 627 4, 660 8, 474 1,943 5,184 First time in any col¬ lege 2 QO 1 05 QO 6, 793 2, 624 5, 370 34, 802 5, 254 6, 464 386 2, 568 8, 951 2, 515 29, 116 16, 835 12, 860 8,106 6, 730 7,860 1,928 6, 413 12,885 21, 820 6,842 5,372 10, 631 2,260 5, 976 Third week of fall term, 1945 2 1 - 1 | 1,073,629 11, 721 3,156 6, 677 82, 022 14, 243 13, 156 771 9, 538 19, 158 3, 207 67, 509 24, 612 19, 445 13, 056 13, 681 17, 864 3, 656 11,988 39, 426 45, 904 22, 956 5, 244 28, 488 2, 789 10, 654 Regular session i 1945-46 Wo¬ men 1 - 1 ! s oT r* Tfenoe >oooa>coHt< co ® t>- co HNOTf U5 ® 00 CO *0 IM CSOOCOCOO CD O CM O 05 -f ® CO t-- *< 05 aTof h*T ,_T to" t-T - CONOCO CO CM co -rr T-H GO CM CO CO O »0 GO CO hiocOCO O0 T-H CM O CM CO ^ CO H CM 05 CO 05 CO CM CM CO t-h 0»0^rH^ cm" l-H t-h" t-h" t-h" Men co 93, 876 CO^COU-O 05 lO CM lO N CO t-h 05 00 00 N- 05 CO I"* t'- to CO ^ ^ CO © to ^ co © t-h 1^ N- to 05 00 05 05 N 05 rH CD CO CO t-h © 05 CM CO CM CO co 05 r-H GO co CO H CO h ^ 05 CO CO CM CM t-h 00 CO CM 05 T-h" to" T-h" cm" cm" T-h" T-h" T-h" T-h" cm" cm" CM" Num¬ ber of in¬ stitu¬ tions w 1 1, 768 t-h rf O to CO CM 'TC' CO GO 05 CO CO O Tf CO CM CM N- HCCOOn CM CM 00 t-h CM t-h GO CO ^ ^ CO H i-H CM CO CO CM ^ t-h CM State or outlying part of the United States - Continental United States _ _ Alabama.. . . . Arizona _ _ Arkansas . California _ _ _ .. Colorado . . . Connecticut. . . Delaware . . . Florida . . Georgia. . . . Idaho.. . . . . . Illinois. . . . Indiana . . . Iowa . . . . . Kansas . . . . Kentucky.. _ _ _ Louisiana... . . Maine . . Maryland . . . . Massachusetts _ Michigan . . . Minnesota _ _ _ Mississippi- . . Missouri . Montana . . Nebraska . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 53 i 8 n _ z 9 z I 81 I I Zl l 91 1 Z ^ II ! i i f jg ^S030 2°° j := S j jSS jS * II = is 92 21 2, 818 102 _ 329 101 30 647 34 13 3 279 518 25 43 59 28 43 207 8 300 i . c* 5 . SSgSS 3222S 1 C© 1*0 r- -Ills ISISs Bias silll R”ss -f CO of ^'_T v -T ,h' CO .-Ti-f of 8 CO' 5 “’SS I i -siss 22§£1 3S33S Issli SS-i 23 O' ,-T Of CO Of r-Tof 1 ? j 3a§3 5SSSS iisgi si i i CO* co'r-f rf _T of j j i of O : :c j= , *a-I g§S5l Igsss fa :§i || -f of of rt'co' rf Of o'^' jrnV of j g | 2 i i asss nm isiis sisss §i§§ ofi-To eo i-foToo^H jh^co i-fof nio o' o' co'o'^T 1 8 S3 51! »OCi i i & : i flag lists! UsSS si ill Ills HHO ^'i-fi-foo H of CO .-f | of i— f of I o' I il; 3 : 175 740 2, 661 1,050 30,586 7, 918 1,641 12,130 4,498 2, 289 14,961 626 5, 586 2, 118 6, 131 17, 622 2,205 1,466 4, 854 5,167 3,619 11,273 633 5, 677 I o' 1 •JT ill ' C I i o' j §si!i HiaSia Sssia §g!f 0f*O of Of o' CO of O Ofrt'^r t-'of co'co' rn'o.' vo' j-f O ill! s i IliSI alls! isISis 11111 B18I IS oftCVJio oofo'ofo ^'ofco'rHt-' gjio io'of ico cftf s jS! S'* Isllf sSlls Silsl Ills! §§sl hn’hb of of o' oo o jH'^'o'ofi>' o'co'rH'oo'oo' o'cT^nT S s' 1 of 47 769 1,697 447 gaggi ills! IS1IS Sill! Ills 11 m'oof oo' gf cfco'io j-f tjof .-fctr-' *g oo of oo rC tCof^foo *o oo 1 98 2, 909 4, 314 328 liiil iilal slili ^'oT^'g' OO'of^'ofcC o'ofooof^' NOOqV of o'o of !S iS 4,719 67 1,584 2, 804 264 SUSS I35SS 3SSSS liSls ISI1 11 co'co co'cf tCco'o'o'cf o'^'odco'V o'oo'^'w'o oo'tC^'co *o'eo 4,870 84' 2,164 2, 298 324 "SiSl sisss sSSli ls§ll i§s| Of of -T || Is 20 117 240 4 sisn mn lisle mu issi §s -f O' Of CO'-T o' CO -f o' s 34 233 483 8 1 8 29 7 105 50 11 60 31 19 97 8 27 15 40 67 10 10 42 22 18 35 2 16 3 256 HHWH ! <£ £ New Hampshire . . New Jersey - - - New Mexico.. . . New York . . North Carolina . . North Dakota . . Ohio _ _ Oklahoma . . . .. Oregon . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island _ South Carolina . . South Dakota . Tennessee . . . Texas _ _ Utah _ Vermont.. - - Virginia. . . . . . Washington - West Virginia . . Wisconsin . . . . W yoming - District of Columbia . . u . u. uui av;avxc/xxii^o - Institutions not reporting.. Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska . . Hawaii.... . - Puerto Rico . . . Canal Zone _ _ i Total of undergraduate, graduate, and special, excluding duplicates. * Included in columns 5 and 6. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 Table 4. — Staff, students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, by States, 1945—46 — Continued PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Degrees Doctor’s Wo¬ men N 116 IH IHH 1 l i l l O* Tt* CO IH H l ©| I © H l H IH ' IH 1 l ■ ■ l iH 04 1 ' IH rH 1 i ll 1 1 1 1 1 i ii ii II 1 l i I 1 i ii || It 1 1 1 1 1 1 l| || II 1 1 1 i i i ii ii ■I i i i i l i ii || Men 600 h cs i o i ico ' ' us h o oo h ^ i © h © i i © 1 t"* H li ll TjUO lO iH © CO‘HirH i l i i i i || Master’s and second professional Wo¬ men » CC o w t N N *5 US©J©©© H©©Ot^ ©t^OcO^ H 04 CO h (N 04 H US CO US CO CO H 04 04 hh»Q CO H H H © H Men 0© 3, 640 £- £- © r>- .-i « ci) n n in ccoococoo) c rr a> NNrtroi so eo i-h omwcoco cm .-i -a* . i i i i 1 04 © 00 ^ IH H i I i H H 1 H US 04 i i I l i HCO 1 III 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 ©| 1 1 1 1 1 Short cours¬ es 2! 56, 893 109 30 891 1, 190 669 1, 174 363 778 1, 095 227 424 129 1, 574 2,812 4,135 134 7, 234 8, 885 14 231 804 Nonres¬ ident (colle¬ giate and noncol- legiate) e* 429,493 7.236 2,227 9, 723 147, 713 5.237 1, 825 6, 229 3, 022 620 7,206 13, 857 7, 105 8, 407 3,012 3,750 464 809 627 23, 346 23,950 1,913 4, 305 969 10, 428 Resi¬ dent non- col- legi- ate w 63, 479 2,571 558 866 1.344 509 155 914 1, 183 522 1, 503 1,617 514 1,448 2,410 2, 305 356 635 1,531 2. 345 3,405 572 2,125 34 1,494 Resident college enrollments Summer session, 1945 Wo¬ men a 148, 501 3,308 878 2,707 9,200 5,817 854 111 1, 217 5,547 490 4, 036 3,186 2, 684 3, 627 2,718 1, 807 658 748 74 7,494 5.608 2,047 3.608 1,281 3,005 Men o 103, 745 1,732 543 1,072 5,907 5, 178 624 520 554 2,931 403 3,684 3. 776 1. 875 3, 864 1,887 1,081 119 221 527 3, 773 2,583 3, 538 1, 378 381 810 Vet¬ erans of World War II 2 «T w w 5,604 1, 619 1, 818 21, 216 5, 141 2,019 420 2,358 3,296 1, 822 9’ 528 6,757 7, 567 5, 211 4,335 1,044 143 527 20, 271 1,488 3,816 2,362 1, 851 3,576 First time in any col¬ lege 2 QO 250,356 4, 576 2, 624 4, 163 28, 648 4,557 2,124 319 1, 366 5,486 2,027 10, 099 9,692 8. 138 6, 070 4, 662 4,219 1,086 2, 970 1,243 13, 540 2.193 4. 194 4, 569 2,008 3, 703 Third week of fall term, 1945 2 r* S US 7,404 3, 156 4,984 51, 537 7, 557 4,306 652 5, 303 11, 246 2, 369 19, 224 13, 456 10,698 9, 699 8, 726 9, 040 1,639 5,310 1, 962 32, 917 14, 130 3,204 9,735 2, 510 7,116 Regular session 1 1945-46 Wo¬ men © 368, 618 5,924 2, 676 2,687 40,833 6,342 2,356 410 3, 705 6, 661 1,602 13, 748 7,823 7, 011 7, 194 6,056 5,809 1, 223 3,496 2, 554 24, 816 11, 228 3, 354 7,066 2, 136 5,015 Men © QO US CD 8,381 3, 150 4. 967 47, 451 8,174 2,812 625 3, 772 10, 591 2,722 19, 251 13, 767 11, 182 11, 606 9, 028 8, 908 1,640 4,289 1, 451 33, 266 16, 069 5, 874 9,409 2, 588 ! 6,466 Faculty (reduced to full-time basis) Wo¬ men 21,591 U)MlOt-!C 0)N COC*l^©lO CO © *0 © 03 HlDiOrfO 2 -3 : .. : : i S ! i ! i i i i i i i* ?-* i i i : is r ja-ss ss00 ; ;s j i : i r- CO • if i@ sgs : ce 1 10 ~ i 41 246 669 169 3, 870 1,449 174 2, 019 959 519 1,390 147 588 134 597 2, 381 317 158 1, 161 966 583 1,379 77 99 1.100 § 5 132 391 ^*28 ISIss ss§sg igssg !l$ - a _T ,-T rf _T 1 2 32 231 ;a :3 : 2| s :§3 ; § : 2 : | : :s II! I I I I I I I I I 2 0 | i 94 806 22 173 1,068 106 318 3, 356 617 1,003 587 1, 940 5,853 1, 793 1,336 1,343 856 2,440 196 84 I 8 1 1 90 3,326 1, 419 2, 543 3, 013 1,253 3,442 8, 652 14, 166 1,958 3,259 912 5,980 11, 678 5, 132 189 5,948 8,802 3, 068 34, 951 1,262 14. 470 13,680 1,177 5,629 6, 874 issss sales ssssa s§ lie sis s :s 1 «N tin ;*h cf j« I -T IIS j j ! Ssils Hill iSslR SeisS ill § Is ^00- T*rH~.©coVr ei-TeT of~ eoco cfco id S il I i ” i -sBii Hiss !ssli lllsl ell s Si iO -T ttfcTrJ i-T ~ «ci o P- 1-H t-h 1 1 ^ l t-h © t-h i kO • kO 1 ■ l kQ 1 t-H 1 5 l Men a© <*> i i CQ IO CO MN®HO t- t" i ■"*< OO MOCOOOM t — i ir 1 CS TJ< 03 i-H I i-H I>. O i to 1 1 1 CO — 30 1 1 t-H t 1 © Baccalaure¬ ate and first professional Wo¬ men r* © r» ©o NifliOON i CO IQ 04 05 OOMCDN 00 »0 O CO CO COtON»ON (NOOOr- ( 1— 1 1 N LO cc C CO M N iO CO CO Tf O 00 0 0 05 CO ^rHlOCOCO < C* © t-H OOOCOCO^ rH CO N WOO rH H J CO* C* Men © ao © eo COOO 05 CO NN05INH COOOHCO O CO t'- © iO 05 iO CONQOOiO OWNh NCOCO^W hCOMOh © i Ci t-H 00 H O T-H to H OCOHCON H WOCOW r-H 1-4 1C T-H t-T CO t-T CO 1-T 1 4UO 336] Other enrollments Indi¬ vid¬ ual in¬ struc¬ tion © e* t-^oo^ho co^wcoh co to t-h co co co 05 -X) 05 oo p- 05 > c 0 040005 05rHr-.05N lO^OOOW 1-H Tf T-H O T-H CO > U lOiHiONC ^COrHW C4 >OCOh COCO N t-h O iC oT CO T-H ^ of of eo t-Tt-^go ^ t-T © of Third week of fall term, 1945 3 r* 571,480 4,317 1,693 30, 485 6, 686 8, 850 fl 4, 235 7,912 838 48, 285 11, 156 8, 747 3, 357 4,955 8,824 2, 017 6, 678 37, 464 12,987 8, 826 2, 040 18, 753 279 3, 538 2, 396 Regular session i 1945-46 Wo¬ men © 380,571 3,590 1,414 14, 007 4,814 3, 309 72 3, 557 6,089 724 34,747 7, 365 6,128 3,069 4,248 5, 354 1,381 4, 333 23, 012 6, 779 6,513 2, 009 12, 003 341 2, 911 745 Men j to I s' 2, 595 1,220 25, 216 5,739 8, 241 61 3, 818 4, 532 416 43, 494 12, 136 5,629 1,743 2, 668 8,180 696 4,991 28, 897 10, 123 5,738 1,494 11, 148 138 3, 279 2, 608 Faculty (reduced to full-time basis) Wo¬ men I I 1 1 ** — , — omtH qoo-o-j cooot'.oa® c^ooom -iNSNoe PSINNiON 1. NOMN NihOOO-h 00 — © 00 COONON oo — o — WSiz L. tf a> es cm co — ooo00 (NHTfl !HlO CO lOTfiCCOC COWNCOO) ChCO O t-h - — - OWhH 00 CO 04 (M O 00 }Tf OO-xiOiO (N0500C5 HC5NIO * — < CMC5CX N XC5r^ C4 -J< rj- CO *0 CO^OOCO 04 *C *— < CC r** 04 ^ CO rH r-T r-T 04 CCOIO :: L- ci C5CDCO *oco" CO^NO O C HHXlOO ( *0 Til CO _ 04 ca I COoB ' CO 03 — 00 o co co CO 04 *0 S 04 CO CO co *o ^ os uo CO CO CO 04 O ^ GO 04 Ol^rtiTfO CO *0 o 04 CO toco *G CO coVT hhhO tOQO CO CO 03 00 *-< TJ* o 1-1 O n ic H oi o co co co < ^ ^ 00 cdcToT O CO tO 04 — - O N O tO O rf CO CO 04 of r-T o i-T r-T 03 03 CO CO ^ ICC5CC5^ CO N w O CO co'oo r-T OC 04 o CO i—i t"* *o of 04" r-T co" co oo TT CO o ©»-< c-HOO O5C5C0C iO 1— ' O c © ^ 03 c co"o4"r^ oooV-T ^ © 04 00 00 04 04 0*0 0 co iO T-^ CO ^ 04 CO *C r-T r-T CO' co" O^H oc oc co" co" 04" I-T ' 503 ^t<-c#< 04 *C CO 00 OO :*COOO © 03 04 CO 04-^ 1 04 r— CO C3 »— I 00 C3 *0 rcooTf-T tCcoo4"o" t-"co" > co co o irfCC5 ) 00 ^ co 000040004 CO CO Q 04 CO O CO 04 *-<04 HCH 00 03 04 O 04 03 HCCrrO — O C304*OCOCO C3 03 r-H C5> CO 0 0 00 04 COCO ' ~i-i CO 04 T-H CO 04 CO 04 04 oc ^ tc co cs *COO 04 tJi"04"^h"c0"04 04 04 i— i NC4rf OOO 03 *0 00 CC *C CO 03 1— or lO 04 t* 0 04 00*0 00 04 CO NIOCOOON CO CO C© t-I NOH *0 CO 04 I § © S3! « C5 ic o i N t- r l T-H 04 C3 CO 1 1 CHIC O*OtT0C COO > C3 CO 04-^000 OC CO 5 t>- T-H CO 04 ^ O 00 *0 ) CCCN O — OC ' >> 8« S* ^fc-g-es © ® O Ox; „ OOd,«m C c3 i c3 -f t-, rt i > c/s S3 §C>>oD Hill *a X 09 - £ c II>I !S 3« ^ O o d O cn <- d oo £ •w *3 -2 ■» ?! 51 52 55 3 o cs S tb = © 9 •o ® o« a3 £►5 57 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 5. — Staff of institutions of higher education, by type of work, and by State, 1945-46 ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING Total teaching staff, summer session, 1945 Women 3 18, 604 !"§!! g'-sis 19S9S lsl§! Men eo 40,813 gs£S! Slill §ss|§ ifsgg Of CO rH r-T ,-T Regular session Other faculty (re¬ search exten¬ sion, etc.) Women ’ © 00 l«SS- SilSs g-sSs ssssg Men - 20, 883 S9SS* S*SS§ 8I88E 1III1 HISS r-T Noncollegiate instructional Women © © us eo w c igss** sgsss gssgg sgs is • i • i • i • i i i • i Men © us w © ^ 1 05 © CO © CM tO © <^rHrHrOO © H Tf< H H 00 i— 1 CO CO | CO CO HH(N rtj 00 CM CO CO CM CM CO NHN rH Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women ao rf gsgss sB!is igsgl ISSIs §13=1 CM t-H HH H r-T Men s sim ism sssis hiss esses t>- r-T OfiHH rH rH NHHWO 1*00* HN 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 163 1 i 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I ! (M ^ O CO CO *0 t-h OOW^O O COCO 1-h ^ CO I C*t^ CO CO ^ 1-H rH rH rH CO CO ON rH GO 1 rH rH 1 1 1 1 l CO l l i i cO 1 i rH 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 27 125 381 63 3,875 949 169 1,611 538 319 1,789 144 438 173 777 1,573 185 163 825 638 312 948 62 381 1,975 275 oowc* HNO0H 81 439 1,287 229 12,408 1,921 288 4, 452 1, 024 715 7,122 455 735 348 1, 354 3,035 655 337 1,550 1, 262 541 1,959 127 1,556 216 3,843 $ 0- COO* CO HONH rH CO C* C0 00 C* O *OC*OOOrH Q 00 l>- CO CO 00OHC**0 ONO rH MONO OCOHNO O C* ^ CO GO *0 C* O rH CO CO rH rH rH rH 324 ON'tH 14 66 241 64 1,075 347 69 653 159 90 613 78 128 81 232 432 66 62 200 152 110 190 16 110 25 531 S CO CO CO 0* rH CO 41 208 626 117 5,113 1, 439 222 2,105 751 441 2,357 197 578 247 1, 129 2,467 237 218 1,138 795 435 1,314 90 477 2,519 445 132 556 1,898 381 14, 343 2,737 450 5,489 1, 498 960 8, 358 629 999 607 1,944 4,769 777 422 2,061 1,701 762 2,575 179 1,645 226 4, 965 998 34 425 523 16 rH 00 05 t** *0 QhOhOJ NOON»Og *^©00*0* 00*00* O CO CO 0* O *0 rH CO CO rH 05 C* rH Hf< COHH^C* rH CO rH *0 rH 0* *0 H H 0* H 59 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 u 0) 0) o •*- to £ ■D C 0 « fc jZ o X hH * g M- S O E-1 m (D £ Q. ~ > Q >» § C « ° £ 1 I 3 S* ■g s o o a g r w » g Total teaching staff, summer session, 1945 Women 9,217 Men co 19,909 ls§sl S-SS2 §SiiI asssg ggf§§ Regular session Other faculty (re¬ search exten¬ sion, etc.) Women N CO c* CO S2SS8 Men a 15,475 §§lS_s isgll lslg§ |1IS| pgsg Noncollegiate instructional Women o 1, 161 05 iss*0 82882 22s is ■ t • i i i ■ i Men ct> 648 05 ^ooom o jgjjjg noo.cc i i i i Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women 00 15,865 IsgiS §ss8B lUSg fsgsg ggsss Men r* £ S* Sills Islls =§§§§ SSg8S 1188s CO ei" r-T rH r-T i " i i ! ~ i i i j | ill s !!= i i : : i^fcSS is^s i 03 S5^ is® Sg^ i i s : : : : : : : i : i i i i i : ! i ! : : : s ! ! o i *r ii ssssi iggss gggss gssgs SIS s j 1 ; i 22E2 ®3si§ mn isiii mis §§s a § § CM CM' ,4“ *4 *4 1 17 103 307 16 SSSS® S2SSS ° 1 2 | 3 lO CM CO rH |S|SS 8SgS£ ^g&S33 £82 '•■s s *r s CO CO 04 CM -§ISs Slsls §»1S1 1SSIS IIs s 1 | 1 55332 sSSSS §§§!§ slSIi isilil 1SS s I 1 CM' tS NH rH CO ,-Trn' r-T rH s 34 426 602 16 fMCOOOt^gj NOCX)C0»0 CO oq O ^ s PH BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Total teaching staff, summer session, 1945 Women ■*< 9,387 OOHNOCO OOOCOO© ©CO©h^OO t^OOCOCO©- r-H c* 1-— © 00 © © 07 C-l © - © Men O* w ©* rH 8 ©©CO© HHCON ! rH ! © ©* T-H rH Tt< © rH rH ©1 • • rH CO OO rH© • i • l 1 1 1 1 1 © | 1 1 1 Collegiate instruc¬ tional, including critic teachers Women QO 19, 593 280 no 972 193 275 7 104 396 29 1, 144 422 426 274 315 344 78 313 1,306 284 432 113 739 21 176 68 Men r- 53,883 291 130 3,885 367 827 12 247 730 40 4,439 1,002 549 259 228 854 166 856 4,393 609 614 111 1,992 16 342 291 Administrative Women © ©* eo ot e© 00»000©*t0 rH CO t-h h* rnNO^COO © © OO »C © :£ © CO © co co ^ ©* © co cs t-h oo rococo co cs ^ co© ^ t-h ©* rH C* ©* Men r* h# 5© -•o CO h 00 O tJUOOJNO ©©100©© H © CO 07 © © CO 00 © :© © © © CO H CO CO CO © O W2 Total (excluding those employed in summer ses¬ sion only) Women 2! o W 356 151 1,303 211 415 8 148 497 39 1,469 511 498 327 393 398 94 381 1,625 350 542 185 911 27 214 101 Men eo 63, 146 388 171 4,381 396 1, 275 18 344 812 44 5,112 1,231 623 307 281 918 192 935 5,003 702 757 152 2,197 19 392 319 Number of insti¬ tutions N 1, 144 CO © ^ © t'- - CONWNH rHH*d©l iH CO rH State or outlying part of the United States - Continental United States.. _ Alabama. . Arkansas . . . . California . . . Colorado . . ... . . . . Connecticut . . . Delaware _ _ _ .. . Florida . . . . . Georgia _ _ _ _ _ _ Idaho _ _ Illinois . . . Indiana. . . . . . . Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas . . . . . Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ Louisiana _ _ _ _ _ _ Maine . . . . . Maryland . . . . . Massachusetts _ _ _ _ Michigan . . . . . Minnesota- . . Mississippi . . . Missouri — . . . . Montana. .. . _ _______ _ Nebraska . . . . . . New Hampshire . . . . . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 63 S|1"| ssgstR eggss sgsg u g 00 ssrs 35I3S 1111 1 s cf -T ass is -aga" -as-' i '—"'s “ a i i i j |SS ig 0000|®U9 i 3 § 5 r ~ i :£§ is 2S2 i : § s : ; : : ; : : : ; ; ; ; i j iss is °°8S i° « § f 1 i i ! ! | i ISI-S =sf2l ssgss sssg g g co -r ~ 00 lli2s SUES slSSs ls=g 1 i ho ef ®* -r « co* 2^|?3§ S g 111*1 £§!§$ 5gg28 ^SSS | | fgg~§ 211=1 sliss 12=1 1 S CO* C* S38"g ilSfs slssl sgse 1 S ef n ,-r-r ^h* eo* cJ sjs?8-sj °°ssos aeg|{§«t' gs°°s s g Now Jersey— . . Now York . . North Carolina _ _ _ North Dakota.. . Ohio . Oklahoma. . Pennsylvania.-. . Rhode Island . . . . South Carolina. . . . . . . South Dakota . Tonnossee _ _ Texas . . . . . . . Utah... . . . Vermont.. . . . . Virginia . Washington . Wost Virginia _ Wisconsin . District of Columbia . Institutions not reporting . . . Outlying part of the United States Puerto Rico . Table 6. — Students variously classified, by sex, in institutions of higher education, by State, 1945-46 ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Other enrollments Individual instruction Wo¬ men N s MS MS S iNON OOCOMM® ^hNOOQ CO 00 t- t- CO lOCOO -^t^cOOiCO rtHffifflO to 1-1 t" I'- ilMCCte CO C4P5CSI OO O C4 CO CO 00 OCONhN (OOhON CO O* CO C* HIOOCO ChO(N(N 3 co- 1 ill i • • sssss ssgss SSSSS §SSS| ||2|R sss § rH- 5 ! eo iC* irH j j isssl $lsi5 §i§§9 sslss 22S23 ill & I § HfHjToorHtfj- rH-tCrn«- eoof o^aTeo gcfconV egicT ufaf «oo h* of eg 5 239 187 3 Isils Slisl HISS Hill 3SE8S §89 1 WfN-us- of CO- tC ua“ rHCO-(N- 00- Of Hjf oh ThHjT cCnir of 11,994 «o -111 3,242 3,358 5,027 1,326 3,666 318 924 4,489 1, 197 25, 225 6, 151 1, 342 15, 569 5, 526 3,484 13, 192 735 2,518 1,344 3, 678 15, 147 2,026 542 4,258 4,628 3, 425 5, 237 779 1,766 2 122 12,985 1 rf -§SS Sills 3s§§l sssll IS1II !!!!§ Ill 3 i § jg-eo-cg-r-Teo- rHoOrHgg ®HlO»V gHNHO oowcfrHO- «5cg- © ; £ i CO* 65 1,344 2,386 145 gills ISIII illll sign 1II1S 111 i 1 i t>rfrH H* CfoO-f^ rH CCffl^ rH 'VrS'D ©CO O'l-' Nof 00* «0 rH 5 w 43 1, 565 1,928 183 sis22 SSISi llssi 1*5*8 I8S|8 s§8 2 *-T rH* rH* hJJ* ^** H tjT rH* rH* rH* CO* 3, 616 2 14 607 20 229 sagsg SslSs 12111 gsgsi §gss§ sgs g i-H* 1-H* rH* -^T rH* CO* 5,085 B 20 1,K8 271 i2g"s assS3 l-slis lssal SISS3 Sls 1 Of Of of rH rH- 1,871 s ill i i i islsl ssssl I“siS Mss% gisgs gge | rH rf rH tC CO Hjf rH rH Cf Of i 1 i ** 2 i5§ ! HISS Issll Ssill SSSSI illll 111 1 ouseg-ofeo rHtfrH-© NcfffloV ooftCofof iceo'of corf coco oo — 29,333 l M 53 984 2,574 43 sills 51111 sills ill III oecftrofoo- eo-^-efgf oofw-jgoo- ©«*.-»-*£ jgcf rfrHcg- Cr-gTr-T oo «' of S N 64 629 2>1^ 60 5^22o3 SS8«2 ^*^22 £SS3S SS” 2 M | U5 hhNh 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 44-46 Table 6. — Students variously classified, by sex, in institutions of higher education, by State, 1945-46 — Continued PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Other enrollments Individual instruction Wo¬ men N N CD S CO .(NHW i CO 1 o 2 J 1 CD lOJHNW 00 • 1 1 i ' CO GO i 05 ^ ^ i i i i iH • r— 1 US H 1 1 • 1 i • 1 1 1 1 i 1 till Men N CD o e* ** CO 1 1-1 . 1 ^ ^ 1 i O O i CD CO 0 1— « N i i i i 1 US£;22 CD US OC CO CD State or outlying part of the United States - Continental United States . Alabama . . Arizona . . Arkansas . . . California... . . Colorado . . . Connecticut . Delaware . . lorma . . . Georgia . . Idaho . Illinois . . . . Indiana . . Iowa . Kansas . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . . Maine . . Maryland . . . . Massachusetts . . Michigan . . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 67 20 268 67 68 ■»* i i cs e< 5 'O > 05 ' - CO I»0»0 O 1 00 OS 1 1 00 CO 1 CD 1 1 1 1 CD ' i ?-H lO 1 o ' CD 1 CM ' ' • ii i i i i—i i i iii ii i i i i i i i i 1 w 1 3, 464 14 104 168 rt< CO •“( CM lO 05 CO CO CD CO CM 1 i 05 O i— < 'COrfH COO ' ^H(NO0 CM *0 CD »“H OC5 i ' *0 i-i CD 1 CD t-h O • 00 *-» ^ t'-CO CO I IH CD CM ICO i-<0 1 1-4 as CD as CD 1 1 «H ' b- ICO cm • cm « co T*< IH ICO lO j j 50 693 91 643 47 315 1,693 301 700 495 1,781 5, 243 1,532 990 1,279 743 1, 440 9 12 || r* CO CO 1 1 1 1 9,124 1, 666 2,832 646 6,034 18 2,862 997 1, 619 2,225 668 1,908 4, 633 2, 293 734 2,804 509 1, 446 5, 525 2,849 174 4,073 4,191 935 13, 053 899 || Tt< o N e* 431 1,664 5,026 14,826 347 1,473 423 6,394 72 464 4x2 924 788 585 1,634 4,019 11,873 1,224 455 403 4,534 6,153 2, 283 15 1,875 4, 611 2,133 21, 898 363 7,423 as 1 CD 746 3, 965 1, 848 1,421 341 1,201 719 121 393 441 3,078 1,625 573 537 1, 361 211 1,249 300 279 324 529 1,121 617 648 318 506 1,173 167 372 1,511 517 i 188 334 1,984 231 924 34 775 40 452 810 1,362 1, 129 648 531 1,366 226 1,236 295 266 145 453 1,152 601 682 304 414 1,069 143 220 1,573 565 j i 157 408 36 34 245 24 62 14 22 23 47 128 41 30 346 90 112 26 11 16 144 328 244 67 17 224 239 58 124 19 1 103 1 W CM [1- 1,452 3,782 2,117 1, 827 3.524 477 960 1,461 1, 905 6,414 3,338 1,994 17, 462 7,169 4,747 3,080 489 2, 761 1, 175 3,627 14, 581 4,698 579 2, 478 7.525 3,973 6,739 906 58 2,898 4, 015 414 cm c co CM 1-4 0 1,016 1,348 2,063 777 1,346 176 274 1,093 611 6,154 2, 148 773 5,878 2,140 1, 780 1, 910 404 1, 080 408 998 6,651 1,111 242 2, 084 3,572 1, 536 3, 022 434 243 ^ 1 oc 1,611 CM CM 3? CO MOOOO as cm 1,177 2. 846 2, 506 1,231 2,357 318 674 1, 449 1, 197 5, 790 2, 965 1,272 9,117 3,606 1,959 1, 828 228 1,684 1,074 1,167 10, 966 863 296 1, 779 3,933 2,538 3, 377 779 50 2, 122 6,503 1,349 ClOiHTf • co cm 9, 124! 2, 088 6,646 1, 574 4,352 445 1, 196 2, 565 1, 224 31, 713 7,589 1,371 19, 051 6,732 4,620 3, 614 836 3,454 983 4, 291 17, 203 3, 864 809 6,925 8,139 3,901 8, 350 689 735 sl 3,930 55 1,344 2, 386 145 5,006 1,116 4,089 936 2, 764 242 510 1,482 1,489 15,075 5, 618 813 17,323 4, 528 3.418 780 322 3,668 757 2. 419 15, 254 2,386 375 4, 369 6,670 1,912 4,659 449 100 5,330 6,964 3,719 43 1,565 1,928 183 52 21 144 10 1,118 58 29 226 211 16, 691 164 210 3,670 195 7 102 20 46 31 182 426 46 848 506 105 28 92 496 1,437 750 ^ r*- i as 26 51 161 21 867 128 44 484 587 10, 086 142 113 3, 258 205 69 131 39 675 37 187 561 167 181 312 92 162 145 23 2,741 1,813 20 1,522 271 00 1-1 00 CM i-h O CM t^CM^COOO H 00 rf< O CO lOf-iOOCO^ 10 04 05 1 SJ 32 £3 i 192 317 ® 2 i-i w i I i 1,956 187 443 143 400 19 42 204 139 1,244 663 82 1,808 482 379 386 20 82 85 348 1,421 468 25 668 993 204 1,173 79 IS I 41 110 10, 553 3,216 6, 919 2, 088 3,692 452 1, 196 2, 786 1,570 23, 426 8, 044 1,854 17, 919 7,766 5,247 6,224 826 3, 460 1,214 5,157 23, 339 4, 429 830 7, 340 8,762 4,334 8, 529 736 798 9,315 3,477 53 984 2, 397 43 14,088 5, 636 8,888 2, 424 5,199 582 1,188 2, 267 2,704 16, 225 8, 050 2, 855 28,114 10, 664 6,822 6,476 712 5,684 2, 543 6,368 30, 033 6, 179 716 6,648 10, 412 5, 606 9,074 1,273 123 6,465 11,011 as CD r* N 64 629 2, 016 60 CM 00 00 »-HCOOOt>-CM NOOOM»C CDCMt^t^t'- CM CO CM ^ OHN CM CO OS HHH CM HH CM 1— < CO HH HH O Minnesota . . . Mississippi . . Missouri. . Montana . Nebraska . - . lNUvaua - - - New Hampshire . New Jersey... . New Mexico . New York . North Carolina . North Dakota . . Ohio . . - Oklahoma . . . Oregon . Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina . . South Dakota . . Tennessee . Texas . . . Utah.... . Vermont.. . Virginia . Washington . West Virginia . . Wisconsin . Wyoming . District of Columbia . U. S. Service academies. . Institutions not reporting. Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska . Hawaii . Puerto Rico . i © a o S3 § 03 J 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 6. — Students variously classified, by sex, in institutions of higher education, by State, 1945-46 — Continued PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Other enrollments Individual instruction Wo¬ men W N 31,271 397 100 349 560 348 73 263 261 153 5, 814 2,002 1,121 271 157 17 8 18 277 247 1,886 Men cm 4,068 164 26 211 201 348 20 151 51 40 3,457 1, 251 424 30 26 6 1 369 72 822 Short courses Wo¬ men ® 4,8111 ^ • » ico i i I 1 l tP © © rH Tp 1 , i i © © CM CO i i i ICO CM i lit I til l ill i iii i i OO © l 1 TP© 1 1 CO • Men © W5 CO ® ! ! 1 i © i © tP CM © OO i • CO ICO © Tp CM CM i l v-H 1 © l 160 434 343 Nonresident (collegiate and non¬ collegia te) Wo¬ men GO 1 © 101 69 4, 621 112 722 430 11 8,979 547 892 169 91 20 60 227 2, 446 55 568 Men ® oo co © 14 18 6, 004 387 974 ©rH l© 00 © © t"* © • © © t^CO © © i tp © CO CO CO CM©© £$S~© Resident non- collegiate Girls s M5 h oo ' 05 lOOlO 1 05 T— I CO CO I 85 225 100 870 350 424 456 1,011 95 i CM© © i © © © • CM CM CO Boys 05 N N w ® !?#! 75 214 100 2,391 1, 199 129 318 535 1,246 699 1, 152 Resident collegiate students in regular session Veterans of World War II Wo¬ men tP cm co CD HNN«H CO lO CO ^ CO i-H©©CMi-H I-H ©t^© 00 © . rH jCtP © rH CM © tPCO rHTP CO GO ©CM Special and unclassified Wo¬ men GO 05 co r^ CM T-H © CO © © TP CM © ©©10^—1 CM CM CM COt^©OOCM I>tP©© o rH Tp tP OO I-HIOCMOO rH © CM TO CM © © © rH CO H CM* Men r» « CO CO tPCMOCOCO TP©TP©t^ Tf©©Tt«r^ ONN©H © OO CO © »h tP t>- OO CM rH OO © rH rH t^CO© © CO rH CO © CO i-H CM rH tP Graduate Wo¬ men CO 31,830 © 1 © OO © 1 rH CM © 1 ©CO © l rH © CM tP © © rH i© H CO CO Tp H IH CO tP 'CO CO 150 2, 242 102 30 Men © 46,566 00 ICO CO © 1 CM TP TP iTjiCO^ i 19 948 8 3,992 475 17 7 135 632 1 720 3,397 44 1 29 Under¬ graduate Wo¬ men - 313,828 3,444 1, 341 11,737 4,206 2,489 66 3,451 5, 408 630 28, 357 6, 860 5, 706 2, 813 4,127 3,911 1, 379 4.183 17,843 5, 767 1 6,301 Men w 377,464 2,433 1,178 20, 029 5,098 6,854 57 3,741 3, 546 378 37, 115 11, 353 5, 466 1,657 2,461 6, 439 685 4,299 20,912 9,186 5,598 suoijnjijsur jo jaqran^i N SSSSSia “SSSSi State or outlying part of the United States - Continental United States _ _ . _ Alabama . Arkansas . . . California . . Colorado . . . . Connecticut . . Delaware . Florida . . Georgia . . Idaho _ _ _ _ Illinois _ _ Indiana . Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas.. . Kentucky... . . Louisiana . . Maine . . Maryland . . . Massachusetts . . Michigan . Minnesota . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 69 II ;g- aggag S|S|| gsgs» ggag ; I "HIT ISSf I S :ss - g TS- 5f w Ti5TW : sgg ;s s-s r i“* ! - i i : mrnTMmrnrms^mwn o CO >S J2 “O c o 8 § o £ W t> b* £ £i c' l o Q O S u S o s ® % J! o 2 S -c q - 3 ° s «- Ah BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Grand total current income s § 1 1 10, 676, 755 3, 197, 374 6, 738. 200 56, 442, 098 9, 413, 846 4, 416, 509 1, 655, 360 7, 779, 330 10, 489, 127 2, 629, 635 24,031,009 20, 130, 471 17, 429, 956 10, 899, 669 8, 121, 463 13, 604, 884 2,746,335 6, 560, 286 4, 272, 544 40,047,387 Auxiliary enterprises Other a 1 = 625, 610 326, 707 528, 648 2,501,518 199, 434 552, 764 83, 260 853, 645 980, 984 127, 222 1, 307, 324 2,554, 546 2, 124, 176 1, 257, 300 443, 776 1, 668,935 56, 635 428, 955 242, 065 3, 201, 199 Residence and dining halls s 1 ! 1, 536, 509 476,093 805. 946 1,443,828 1, 539,673 664, 273 174, 939 1, 275, 799 2, 113, 370 273, 423 963, 949 3,329,251 1, 701, 997 415, 367 764. 947 2, 041, 875 435, 204 696, 270 390, 263 4, 666, 412 Educational and general income Total education¬ al and general income s I 8, 514, 636 2,394,574 5, 403, 606 52, 496, 752 7, 674, 739 3, 199, 472 1, 397, 161 5, 649, 886 7, 394, 773 2, 228, 990 21, 759, 736 14, 246, 674 13, 603, 783 9, 227,002 6, 912, 740 9,894,074 2, 254,496 5, 435, 061 3, 640, 216 32, 179, 776 Miscel¬ laneous services S- s $• 5 mis ism gsiis ggiii gsss'gg ssg-£g- Sales and services of organized activities o i s 104,017 125, 253 181, 743 1, 600, 330 1,253,606 33,019 62, 143 326, 918 72, 292 99, 101 1, 255, 635 2, 747, 816 3,279,082 806, 522 568, 621 305, 355 116, 227 1, 086, 118 194, 515 4, 760, 762 y Private gifts and grants o 1 issii! islas SUSS isiii "gg* lliss -r r-r County, city, and district govern¬ ments S QO (0 3 i iSSIS 51181 1IIIS 3 !SS3 eo -f ■ ef State Govern¬ ments 1 3, 996, 994 1, 169, 841 2, 899, 337 16, 825, 951 3, 187, 940 2, 159, 175 351, 724 3, 824, 356 3, 228, 319 1, 171,966 12, 582, 811 7, 140, 677 5, 957, 000 4. 850, 962 2, 815, 273 7, 387, 647 923, 000 2, 297, 149 2, 514, 456 15, 331, 213 Federal Government Other purposes i £ 1,280,160 297, 333 1,142,112 21,695,115 968, 430 529, 659 96, 979 770, 801 1, 697, 543 460, 968 2, 914, 666 399, 695 2, 320. 321 1, 239, 035 1, 437, 873 1, 182, 814 710, 464 669, 633 646, 575 1, 825, 759 Veterans educa¬ tional student fees i ^ S 929, 469 ‘"373, "144 1, 786, 849 761,960 471, 139 47, 180 544, 190 30,041 1,293,766 946, 795 10, 765 285, 990 16, 730 246,079 138, 551 24, 303 17, 101 1, 757, 763 Endow¬ ment earnings J 0*1 § M‘ £ giiii mu iiiii ii8ii ***** ^ -r a> co gl TO •0 1 s' 1, 160, 515 634, 347 627, 317 4,058, 622 672,346 207, 762 237, 721 366, 072 1, 213, 408 114, 741 1,308,814 1, 522,824 1, 419, 499 1, 070, 377 1,443,886 467, 860 243,885 1, 224,411 301, 614 3,950,323 Num¬ ber of in¬ stitu¬ tions N g OOMOOO «o«.ocg»0 ] ,s 1 i I! li Alabama . . Arizona . Arkansas... . California . Colorado... . . Connecticut . . Delaware . . Florida . . Georgia . . Idaho . . . Illinois . Indiana Iowa . Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana . . Maine Maryland.. . . Massachusetts Michigan . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 73 21, 203, 514 7, 499,043 9,207,813 3,449,348 7, 730,117 1,095,956 2,301,380 2, 576, 751 4, 107, 510 19,022,907 14, 189,023 4,051,896 27, 152, 830 14, 630, 242 7, 473, 449 14,966, 768 1, 806, 821 8, 269, 816 3,462,093 6,669,794 38, 219,560 6,365, 846 2, 025, 723 17, 351, 072 12, 435, 655 6,697, 849 17, 657,937 2,032,808 578,988 1,157,700 23,314, 210 3 I 312,779 2,336,622 6,193,879 47,055 3, 217, 749 789,663 667, 809 79,587 516,081 88, 168 46, 988 72,060 167, 556 1, 158, 146 2, 433, 074 201,463 4,282,298 1,372,343 635, 886 235,061 988, 978 91, 648 42,589 3,381,043 502, 169 119, 186 2, 060, 689 762, 611 422, 108 1, 623, 959 164, 410 656,374 g s' 8, 170 85, 685 i | 1,493,056 1,445,822 610, 539 463, 312 489, 247 129, 751 433, 781 174, 787 633, 205 773.498 2, 687, 197 190, 452 2, 514, 557 2, 624, 470 953,375 1,920,796 309,307 1,480,737 302, 631 919, 800 6,511,301 240,384 97, 526 2, 616, 759 914, 401 1,010,597 1, 658,318 138, 849 8,695 2, 416,846 i f Sll m i 16,492,709 5,263,558 8,029, 465 2,906,449 6,724, 789 878, 037 1,820, 611 2,329,905 3,306,749 17,091,263 9, 068, 752 3. 659, 981 20,355, 975 10, 633, 429 5,884, 188 12,810, 911 1, 497, 514 5, 800, 101 3,067, 814 5, 707, 405 29,327,216 5, 623, 293 1,809,011 12, 673, 624 10, 758,643 6,265,144 14, 475, 660 1,729,549 670, 293 1. 157. 700 : I i 1 r S 1 i 267, 863 2, 067, 729 5,983, 245 47 055 I SSS3S £SSS§ SSISS SsSSi §1111 111 1 U*** s-sw tiSgaf ggsgff i 1 165,759 4,466 7, 242 164,051 ! lisiSI §1111 Hill gSisgg sills Bag g mm ***** isiss liwi iii'ii = ,-T rj t"h" . 00 « kO 1 © I © rH tC i © i ko i of >. -Q U c >< J2 Educational and general Total educa- OQ tional and P general S ►H me © S 0 CO O* w CO N eo © N QO F HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 79 t-00CO'#lN 'fNnOf. COj-f^eSOO .-1 ® ^ t* _i WtONOJCO e»ioot- ccio-riMco hooono t-'tOOlOH CC0ONtJ © i> e'¬ er es'iocoad' lo'rMt^'ocs j>odtCo5o(r oo »ocif© t-T cocoes © lO i-H i-t lOHH i-t t-H 'cC* CO i-l rH Organized activities related to instruction © 160,603,890 360, 886 116,561 466,608 4,738, 839 960,600 1,818,120 7,452 393, 607 252,683 30, 322 3, 778, 568 942, 913 3, 694, 686 442, 462 284, 482 386,596 83, 400 1,109, 294 1,432,157 4, 096, 514 1,606,029 255, 648 1,617,370 1,926 351,439 Physical plant opera¬ tion and maintenance co O © 5S- 1,352,745 292. 565 709,869 4,829, 865 970,372 2, 784,016 225. 565 726,897 1, 405, 200 455, 298 6, 771, 053 2,301,550 1, 937, 157 1,521,798 1,377,077 1, 539, 958 556, 237 1, 411, 303 9, 050,497 4,233,651 2, 167, 587 786,636 2, 289, 532 370, 633 737,389 Libraries 1 CO us I 302, 697 85,340 115,281 1,592,317 285,382 761,391 38,663 213, 197 533, 741 54, 382 2,011,555 688, 746 537, 755 302, 830 274. 934 492, 087 102, 896 302, 790 1,338,197 980, 892 645,175 121,975 460. 935 77, 624 210, 131 Extension CO es © o OS US us 1,786,690 344, 856 1, 258, 404 2,232,110 816,624 549,929 165, 588 830,965 1, 590, 452 264, 085 1,813,075 1,791,954 1, 240, 807 778, 590 1, 066, 410 1,363,604 252, 772 798, 436 382, 610 1, 509, 782 1, 159, 562 1,786,250 1,332,853 412,680 886, 268 Organized research US 186,811,855 860,448 280,760 456, 920 14, 741, 003 476, 413 1,293,127 253, 259 1,395,169 318, 295 181, 949 10, 955, 494 1,910, 295 1, 410, 053 614, 203 670, 289 715, 172 366,749 5, 137, 254 5, 335, 750 996, 149 2,100,785 604, 902 430, 734 409, 953 580, 094 Resident instruction QTD © r* N US' os 06- 4,030,520 982,812 1,818,149 22, 354, 764 4, 146, 227 5,898, 388 408, 229 2, 983, 765 5, 346, 900 1, 067, 825 25, 255, 311 8, 99 j, 584 6, 797, 965 4, 821,635 3, 806, 179 5,470,736 1,339, 730 5, 817, 502 19, 325, 281 15,423,089 7,602,676 2, 095, 819 8, 143, 613 1,222,992 3, 301,321 Administra¬ tion and gen¬ eral expenses e-s 3$ 00 o ao s 1, 205, 741 299, 604 581, 595 6, 048, 696 1, 110, 614 1,977,683 135, 061 920, 601 1, 513, 179 245, 536 6, 804, 142 2, 273, 139 1, 713, 931 1,093, 084 1, 103, 807 1,502,728 483, 082 1,062,262 6, 607, 032 3, 537, 954 2,050, 299 639, 356 2, 717, 070 246, 221 669, 554 Number of insti¬ tutions reporting « 00 CO 1 © co as co o^coeooo oo^©^<© ^©©^r^ ©ecus©© OSOCOrHCO OOJTf ion 0 03 O CO CO »ONCO(N CO^^CMCM ©OOtO*OCO OOHiOHH CO Cl CO ^ ^ ^ CS T cm~ cm © oT © cm* © ^ © © © r-T nhVoV oo © c© oo ©~ SS88S 3SKS3 S28SS8 of NH|HH rH CQ rH of © t© s » hohow oo^^»o ^ © © to r^top-t^© co©©oot- ©cooooou- H-f Tf (M GO to ^ CO ©oor^©© to CM o ^ H cocao^^ ^ © CO © CM OOCO©00© © © CM N- CO r— ( CM © 05 CO HOOONH 00 © 00 CO © 00 00 H od*dcd©oo ©cmN*©© ^©cocotjT ioVooV ©r^^cir^ cd rd ,-T to © 00 00 © N- ^ CO CO 05 to to 05 05 CO ^COO»OH N- © 05 t>» © r— < to tO CM © 1-4 © rH r-H CM N- CO C© CM rH CO rH 00 ^ CM rH i-t ^ s S i sllsl Islll liillS Scsls llsll IISSI gsisi mm mm mm $m$ am rH rHOOWHCQ cmV-Tocmcm' CO *"H i^MCO O CM CC CO JO > CM 00 r cm" CO ©" ^fcCCOON IMOO NNOOrf o I ^ CO CO lON^HO H»O^COH ONHOOO Tf^HOCO HOOCOCO CM o CM *-* © ^HIOIOO t*< © o 05 JO io'tjTo'h cm" WOCOOOh 00 ^ 00 JO © HTfMON I t>COi-*CO rgoT 3 • CM CO . NOMOH ^ t>- c~ ~ ^CM^rfM CO ^ CO HHWWH OO^rH^rT JO^OO^CO t^CM»OCO^ 00CM00I ^OONM CM t>- H CM O > CM 00 i-h ' 00 0 0*0 OC ' rsf^s HMrfON JOCOCMJOC COOOCOt^t^ QO5Tf00C >OiOCOhN O O CO JO C ©" © cm" co cm" co" co ©, O CO O CO •OOCOOJ CO lO N 00 lO CM c ^ 1 o oS oo oBofco cm 00 CM JOOO^^X - HrfOOO oo^"cm"o^" > Tf ! 03 X > CM CO < ^ ^ CM CM CM JO CM JO CM O CO CM ^ ^ C ft N CO 00 WOOH CO O O CM © iO CO ^ 00 CM CO CO ^ CO CO 05 © IHICOO " r-T cm" T*T cm" > Tf CO CM 00 > JO ^ JO IOH cm" i— * 6»a wj wv CO CM 00 Tj- CO 00 00 o o N »C O CO o OO^Orf N 00 CO JO CO t}< co"^Tio"tC ^h" ■ COSN-H •Tt'O^CO > 05 05 O CO • JO^OO I CO CM CO CO 1 O 05 lO 05 r oo" o" co i CO O CM CM . oo jo co th > 05 CO CM CM 1-H » 83§' ssses co co £^jo 3 £3i 05 JO 00 CO CO •—<»—< GO JOCCfN od^fcT© ^38*° b- CM t>- CO < Tf< lO CO Tf > NNHH1 co aT co" »o" i O JO CO 52 §§ OON NON 00 CM CO hOOhCN OOONON i-T co o O O CM COTffH Co"©"C5 CO CM CM CM CC CO CO 00 jo oo g§3£ CM ^ ^ *o !>•*«* JO rj< JO HOW cm" CO JO C5 CO cm JO i-H CO C5 CM JO co JOOOO»ON C500 05N ©" CO" © 1-h" HOC5NCM CM JO 05 CM t* i-T oo f-T -<*" 'WJOC5H > 05 CO CO ■ fH 05NJO "co co co"© » ^ oo oo co ■ CO t- CM 00 < CO Tt< CM Tt<" ©"jO CO JO t co jo cm jo 005NC50 co CO Tt« CO C5 CM ' 05 CO * - J JO - • N CO jo © oTco » OOOONJOl HNO < jcT»-h i 05 JO c CO *-H c O CM ( CO JO CM r-( N O JO N rH JO CM 05 00 o 00 CO JO jo" ooo K cm 00 CO CM CM 00 O5C0COJ- t^t^t^^HOO CMt^cO' JO r : co jo •CO'- cm"co" >Tt<^JOoO CQOCN^ •050000 OCD00 05N 'NXOrf JO O CO O 05 " »-T 05" jo" co" © —T *-T jo" jo" ; CO CO CO CMJOi-tJOOO ' CM CM CO CO JO 00 00 ^0100^ ‘Nrf JOfC JO CO 00 CM 05 i-H JO Tt<" co" jo" o" i-O^OO O 05 CO CO OOCMr^^C HOWTfl CMOOH, COJOONCM NNhiOO CM CO CO t'- CO CO CM Tf< CO co" co" co" 05“ JO JO t>- 05 ■< 05 CO O CM CM — ' CO ^ CO 05 00 CO ^ 05 COO^O 1—* CO co co JO CO CM CM 05 -*T 05 05' ©" cm" t*T 05" " - ’ 05 JO © CM 05 ^ CO S 00 CO 00 05 © © ©■ **£ 05" 05 00 CO JO o CO CM CO O JO Tf CM © CO ^ JO CM 00 »0 CO JO ©t^t^. NJONh© t»©COrt<© co©cocot>* i-hOOCO ^ hN t-h COCO 316,123 1 702,300 I 13, 190 I . ' 60,585' 238,928* 111,018 1 1,432,144 PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS— Continued 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 © □ in >. _Q D. X U4 I _© J3 0'S a ~ 2 d •gssl 1.111 O =3 £5 c. X 03 o Sgfl g iSss flCoC Ph ^ +3 ‘S ft a sgg Sal ill! 5— 3 a £ o-^ £ lONON CO 05 CO coo5 i^»-h 8822 ^ 05 co o s ss > co 05 > O 50 00 O C'l o < 10U3 00C g-9 2 Md iSfjTl Big d > 03 -r) ■3 2 « fl d3 ft^i2 3 g S ra”a O w o flsd 2 O a 5 a x O'3® 2 W CO D. Q, O •d •£? n xj "c S m a jpa ,§ >»ft 6-2 ’Sjf § a s 12'3'a ^ „ w) o-— 23 d fl-a a«o« B.3s S 3<~ s a £ g 005 05 00 1-1 05 o o co ^ H0wu5»0 05 05 05 CO ^ONCOH oocoVco co t-h co cc co 05 io ^ 05 ifd r^T *-T od t^T co ^ 05 05 OONHION CO CO C^V-T lOM i 05 00 ( • 05 CO i 05 05 05 CO 00 8^8 SSf NOOCOO O O 05 o 00 05 !>• CO 05 Id » o H T* H NOOOO 0^»OMO ~ 8 OOOMON ccSooooo t>Njf a? to^Scseoo ef Vcf OM®(4« f-l®W i liili 8 -SJ5S5 6 3-§< r-r^r^r o^co«oo iSS5 SSSgS S2®;?8 Table 9. — Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State, 1945-46 — Continued ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING— Continued 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 big S .5 % =* S | ii w'd • C3 E-< © g § CO ° g ® £•2 8 |ss. • — . S3 ■O't, (X is . 'o.© <3 'P © Sgs |sa 0-2 to g;a- .'S'O'cS ■g-BS3 uu JZ o S S I oo co 05 CO O co c3 s » * S c CO IO T 1^.1^ CO ho8 iia ) ?5 ^ CO IO o o6(m 5 H CO 05 ^ ^ CO CO 05 r*H ONrt [OOO* CO rH 00 CO CO *C CO r-H ^ *0 CONhO o' ip oT co CO ■'H ia s Pi o . .dfJ I llll O -cwpho 88828 (M ^-05 CO O co 8 oo'o'r-T Tt< CO 05 lOOOOlNO ClCrHNlO CO o' CO f-T ■ rjT OHC5CO^ CONr^ © r^ccT ^ eo i-7 r-7 eo ® pJ'^in ior^r-7 8SSS8 I rWa - I lii il a 1’ r„- ; »- II 5'S allSI 3»|8” II ** §1113 sails HSIi §213! ***** ****sf ****** l ill “ is* i ; ; 22S Rig I il ISsIS SSI § ***** *** ailll sllil ssSIl allils IsilS I siis!" smi Igi's's ***** 1§S§§ § IIS n nT mil i§§ 1WI 112 Hill lelSS SltlS §g£g§ 5'Siii 13'1'l'f lilSS S’fs’sl mu mil Il'B'I'g ISIS’S SSlsI §11 mm m -i {£ I I 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 ■O o 3 #C C O i o U) _Q *D C O C o u >. _G c o o u 3 U a x Ul I _0> J2 a a®1 •s S -2 ^ ^*2 S a a a — ,2 S ® m- g i| OTd S 3 X o2® .sas sf. g Us I=rt "g,® OS ss >> a la o a g‘3 « S-g^ «S ^•■sS.3 5— 3 a £ o** ® lOOON oo oa cm NON NWO Ih ?3 00 4o"lC**J" • 1^ 00 ^ I CM 1C csTV 855 “ Su^S s|ss 05 GO CM CM 05 05 CM CM 40 CN ©co r^o"©" > o »o © r co coo co co oo co t t^^ 00 4OC CM CO 00 rH < 8S833 05 rH ^ 00rHO5^N co oo oo H 40 40 CO O N040COO 40 TF CM 05 05 rH CM ^ CO rH CO 40 05 00 o GO CM co oo oTt-n r>- co co 40 I CO 05 c CO 00 O © H ^ rH ^ 05 40 40 r>- h 05* CO rH CO iH rHOMCOCO CM rH CO CO CO rH N O ^ ^ CM CO CO 40*co*t^rc ToT co o co h co ^CONON H H CO 05 o CO N 40 O ^ 40 T-H O 40 CO 40 CO O 40 05 05 CO 40 CO CO CO^ TH 40 00 CO 40 1H N4C40ON 40 05 oo CO CO cm'oTcm'co CM 40 CO 05 r-H CO 05(00000 CO 40 CM** CO 40 CO 00 CO ^ Tt< 40 40 00 CO C5NOHCO 00 CO H CO © CM" rH cm" 40 40 CONOOCOO 05 GO CO 05 GO CO CO CM Tf rH CO" oT r-T Tt<" CO* CJ CM 05 CO 00 > CO • CM N- > oo »o _ _ J o 00 H 03 CO ^ CO ^ rH O t"- OO CM 00 CM 05 00 05 05 > o o o . . J CO ^ rH Nr}i4CHr^ 'o CO HH rH isa; (S 8‘ 40 CO CO ^ c C0N4OWr 40 NH4 ^ O H 05 CM 40 CO CO CM 00 40 40 CO 40 CO CM CO N- CO CM CM 05 40 05 05 IOOOO«G )HNOCM > rH CO 40 O 40 05 O Q 05 O 05 rH 05 H^C5COO • CM T'- CM ^ I CM CO rH CO 05 CO rH 00 rrfTt<05rH40 O Tf< rH CO CM O0 CO 40 40 O O ^ 40 05 CM 40 CM CO COCO^ON ^ 40 cm" CO cm" CO oq" CO oT CO CMCOHO^4 r^c5o40C0 t^CO^OOCO 400505040 r— T N H H CM 05 CO ^ 40 CM 00 40 CO 40 885! s e 3 rt S d © ■§£§.§ I “go *»-< Q ^3 jH — , M w o o ©5 ®53 *<◄000 QfcOSS m a co « 03 SIS* ass *3 82 Minnesota. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1945-46 89 SI m III !2 sills 111 ss is- i| ggfsftf i i,» CO of CO to oo r- co co CO 05 CM co oo of i CM 00 tO CO ^ 05 05 CO CONN CM CM CO 05 o ass tO CM O 05 CM O 05 to co co co CM lO Tf CM CM CM 00€/3- N»C(N 05 Tf< cm cm r^ O CM CO wco S Tt< CO 00 lO *o t^tO . . . t''* 00 CO 05 o IO co J CO CO CO CM % 00 CO tO IO . to O " CM~0 CM to CM TJH C5 N O CM 1 € CO 03 ° CO 2 §2 I ’3 3 §1" 111 §S o’© Sg*-g sslS-a 3 !R5h . . 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III a|| ^lill 03 -P O ^ ©cri . - O CO © T3 S SS2S.I-S 2 a mMtXflMlj” — ~xiTt< 33 .a Si3 * b.£P-g ».SP ® « ■o c-.a®2'3®^ . 4t,£o3s3 8 2 © 0-9 g > g Sb J3 £ £i2 §•§ o M I SltPlS a> «s«>-eg,S | .ssg’SS.sa 5 MX3’Ox!'r3 ® O .3 « 3 3 3 rt >- 2 2 Jfdooo Soja 441 o " IT " * a* >•§ Table 2. — Distribution of all public high schools/ by State, and by size of enrollment, 1945-46 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Number of schools with enrollment of — 5,000 or more 04 1 t 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 04 H l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 l l i i i l l i i • 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 III i i i i i l l i i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 III i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 l 1 1 1 i l l 1 III l i i i l l l i i i 1 ■ 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 l 1 l i i l III l i i i i l l l l i ' i i l l i i i i i ill l l i l i l i i i i i i © • i i i 2,500 to 4,999 CO 130 il till | ii III 04 rH i OO ■ »— « i i i i IOH IHH i iHWO i 04 i 04 ' rH ■ I I l I C4 i li rH li i ll l i l i l li III II till 1 ti ill ll i i i i i ii ill II 1 1 1 1 1 ll ill ii till 1 ii ill © i © i ^ i 1,500 to 2,499 © 544 ^04 04rH© 00 H rH QO H MhWiON (MHNHTll OO rH CO rH HtHCO rH rH 1 24 1 67 1,000 to 1,499 3 784 COH^OOO 04 © 04 04 ^ O © CO CO 04 CO ^ © 04 04 Ol 00 rH H rH CO 04 rH rH CO CO rH rH 1 32 1 107 750 to 999 cs 772 fo«o»oco«o <-< e- rHC00404© ^ 04 © rH rH 04 rH rH CO CO 04 04 04 HHHNCO 04 rH H rH © 400 to 499 a 914 H-^HOO© © n CO US © 04©rH©© 00©HHH 00 © © CO 04 04 ^ rH 04 rH 04 rH rH CO rH 04 rH rH rH CO ^ rH rH rH 300 to 399 o 1,462 © CO © C4 © HN^NN CO ^ 1^ © 04 CO © © © CO CO ^ © Is* rH 04 CO 04 rH 04 © CO ^ rH rH COCO ^ © 04 CO CO rH 04 CO © ^ 04 CO rH CO rH 00 200 to 299 © CO CO of NCOOh© t'*r>.©©Tf< tOtO©NH CO 00 00 CO 04 CO © t** rH © 04 rH 00 © rH rH © 00 »H © © ^ 00 CO 04 ^ © rH 00 © rH CO HClHH 150 to 199 QO 2, 266 04 00 CO © CO ©©Tt<© 00 ©HHIOCO rH^OOt^^H © ^ © rH © CO COCO H 00 00 CO 04 ^00iH t^rH©CO00 rf 04 04 CO 00 © 00 rH 04 HHHN 100 to 149 3,654 04 rH © 00 © © 00 © ^ ^ T*©©00 00 ©©COT#H© ©©©©© © 00 rH © © rH 04 CO ^ rH © H 04 © 00 04 CO t'* 04 04 CO © ©©©CO© rH rH rH 04 75 to 99 CO 2, 548 oc oo ohm © i-i ©N>-Haooo to i-h ,-h w «5 ujrt©Huj h © 4U 50 to 74 US 3,117 NIO04HN CO CO CO 00 © © l>- © rH 00 CO © © rH ©-^04©© 04 rH © © © t^04rr ^ © 04 rH rH rH CO © © CO HTf © © rH CO © rH 04© 25 to 49 - 2, 686 ^ 04 04 r^ 00 1 CO © © 00 © 04 04 04 © 00 rH 00 04 © © ©HH©rJi CO rH © C4 ^ 1 ©HC4 O 00 OO 00 © ^ 04 04 CO CO rH 04 ^ 10 to 24 eo 975 © © 00 rH !o4©©t» © CO rH © ^ t'- i rH © ! © CO 04 rH ©CO ' 00 rH rH rH . ^ 04 rH • • ©04 00 ' rH 1 III i III 1 III i III i III Total 23,947 rH © © rH © © © 00 © © © 00© 00 CO CO 00 © 00 © ^ 00 00 rH CO ©00 00 00 00 04 © © 00 © O4r*©0C00 0C 04 © 04 © CO ©© 00 CO CO © CO 04 © © © 04 rH ^t^rH ©00©©© 04 04 rH © rH 04 rH © State - Total _ Alabama . . . . _ . Arizona . . . Arkansas . _ . . ... California . . . . . Colorado . . . Connecticut. . . . . Delaware . . . . . . Florida . . . Georgia . . . . Idaho . . . . . Illinois . . . . Indiana . . . . Iowa . . . Kansas . . . Kentucky.. . . . . Louisiana . Maine . . . . Maryland . „ Massachusetts . . . . Michigan. . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi. . . Missouri . . . Montana. . . Nebraska . . . ... Nevada _ ___ . _ 5 .CO © © CM rH oo CO 750 to 999 eo 149 ! © CM rf i CM CM • i i ! ©CM ©CM CO CM CM I HH00H© 500 to 749 2 345 CO cm loo ICO i © CM i CM © CM © CM rH CO rf ^ rH © 00 CO 00 CM rH rH HHNH^ rH CM CO CM 400 to 499 a 254 3 1 14 ! oo rH © CO ©Tt 3 0 ET Is Georgia _ . . . . . ... Idaho. . . . . Illinois . . . . Indiana . . . . . . lowa . . . . . . Kansas. . . . . . Kentucky . . . . . Louisiana . . . . ... Maine.. . . . Massachusetts.. . . . . Michigan _ _ _ _ _ b ii Ii - Missouri... . . . . . Montana _ _ _ Nebraska _ a 1 £ £ v i i i • > ! lie ill ISs E £ 6 > cd a New York . . . . . . . PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 25 ! ; 05 ClfflH ; ; 000^005 ^--^05 £~£2£ g-M£2 33^ 2^823 2WW83 “’S^ $ s 3 97 34 2 89 1 38&S8 S 88S g^gg M3rt SSSgS J5 gSS §W05S8 SgSgSS 2 6 20 39 3 32 24 18 89 6 27 17 18 w&£ ggiis 5*883 gss|| sgs Table 4. — Distribution of all reorganized public high schools, by State and size of enrollment, 1945-46 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 = H WhNOCO NHHOO h © © . © t-H > O* NNCOHiO t*©C0^’ ^ rH rH(MCO GO 00 O* CO (N © © rH ' (M H H rH Hd H«N©(NCO l>rH^^© > CO rH CO rH rH CO © CO ' h issli 1 w s a „ t ■£ S 512.2 ,2'ElS o3 o o «>^ o SlS’go -s §^^q>s .s a >» o a ®-b«« g-rsi-g gjsg-Sg S 8 8 g£ > E* Es Es £ HHHOO OfifeOS K^nSMW £££££ ”5 3|B1: PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 27 Table 5. — Number of schools, pupils, and instructional staff in all public high schools, by State and race, 1945-46 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 £ £d sSg SgS 32 I £ § »0 ONOt 1-T irTood < ) ^ Oi t- 1-H I t^- co ‘O oo XMCOCOC* © d 2 ® > So to rsf£ .-a >. £3 t- 05 CO 00 C4 00 © 0C £ 32 s 88$ s O* CO rH o ^ CO CO l CO b- 05 >IOI>05 © d 2 ° Si 1*1 ^ « ) CO CO !S 8 ) CO 00 00 rH CO ) CO COONCOW HO HINHO H^CDOiH (N Sccooc *OTt«©0i»O OOCOt^OOCO CO 00 CO 00 CD ^ 00 00 T-H CO (Nt^COOOOG 00- CO Cj ©00©©0 *0 ONHIO HC^rt© aa SQ ii § p ,d ‘So o 2.2 c3 a 3^ ^ .§ .© •d-S a p§3a ■M 2 W M d a o .g.w#co ft>,S IIS'S HHHQO ofifeOS s33WW %%%%% 22222 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 29 Tabic 6. — Number of school pupils by sex, and instructional staff in all public high schools, by State, by urban and rural, and by race,1 1945-46 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 3 S23 1 & (NON C* CO CO CO » Is- _ oo©©©oo ©* © OOCO lO CO t-T CO' o' of tC tC ^ CO O^; NCON^TH rH ' UON lOONO^ S I - _ _ - _ _ _ . _ r-i © O* rH O O CO O CO ‘O CO N O O^N^ON H00O00H O^OHiOOO OOCOhc^ OOCOOGOh cO©Tfi©Tt< »OOOHOiN Tfi(MiOt^CO NOCOCOOi COCOOOOCO f^05C*0© ©Oqoc^t* ©C^rf*©© ©©©©© rfOiOCCN iO^t^OCO 05 *Tj © CO ^ HCOHOirn ^ ^ 00 O CO ©t^C^t^CO QNOOH © ^ O CO CO CONthNO N^OHCO oocococo'cT ©ofef©t>T oTr-TaTefoo efcT©\ -Tof ao©i-T©© CO - ihhh^ Tf< © TJH 3 oSfl « £ & 05 fc ©©©COb- ©©00©t- H WNMN CN N CO N rH CJ © C* 00 CO 00 C4 Is- GO © © rH rH o CO 00 g OJ 00 t>*CO©aOT]J CO^COCi© I ^ © © rH © © © S°°g2§g5 _ _ i0-i*©C5»0 OOtOt^OOCO MOOtDCOffl «N.O ,2 a> ,53 33 ^2 ^ c3 © o l2 3 3 £3 5 S K >2 ® j il i > 2, 617 7,060 i i i o ; ; 1 ! 1 j j j i raj ii ! i|j i j» S s ; | 151 13 White or white and Negro s 64,597 S§§8§ g»S88 1|§S| ggSfB mil of cf TjfrHWOfrH* -4* rH* «M* of Urban Negro 5 S CO* 1 2 i |§S 81 244 8 SS j White or white and Negro S 60,975 flag8 §8§11 Ills! gS»89 83111 TH* rH rH* OOOf rH* rfrH* rH* Total 3 132,270 g§sl§ Sails BSSIS ISSSI HHs to* Of HjT of CO* CO* CO* i-H* ofrf of Of Pupils Rural Negro Girls 2 36,994 1 a i jsg j rjf i ii 8 i 1 ** 8 i ■ 1,624 155 | Boys e* 19,945 1 1 668 ‘I 81 i is 1 1 | rH* § i i 795 114 j j White or white and Negro Girls s § s S28SS S!§§3 SB981 8S8S3 Slssf of«o*©*>o* CO* ©CO* rjfofofooto- o*tC-T^*rf I>*co*oo*^'jo' Boys 3 s o s' IsSSl gills Sllig 11 811 3§I8 0f^*0f>0* ,«* £*©* OOHOOOH 00*«*rH«fof CO*«f^*^* 1 14,694 1 Urban Negro Girls S 1 8 4,033 is 1 ; Isa i is 1 i i »“ ! 0 ;3 11 i of CO* ; : Boys O* s if 2,574 § in j eo* i il I j ; rH* il 11 i rH*cf j White or white and Negro Girls QO 1 sf IsiSS Hill 81812 11381 §§211 ufcoH® of i-T eo eo* of g*oo*eo*cfeo* ^*to* corf ^*55^*00* Boys 1 8' lisil IssiS Ir1§S fslsll Islsi io'eo*rH*^* 2* ofr-Tof gToofrfof ©•* ■£«* tfeowNjTtC Schools Rural Negro - S . -O "O c o >. JO >» JO jO 3 a 6$ S 1 IS _ O' ”5 T~ gSSgl £ fc03*; ® ®-ri 2 £ &03^: s? I CO CO iO CDCONINN sss NiOINiOW )^00»0 »o oo oo OOOH 00 CO (NNhnin eoioowc COCOHOO oo f-< co tO to CO OOlOONOO CO of >CO^Qt^ 05 00 05 C lOOtOrH t''- CO t'- C > to co t-h Tf r>-t>-to-' to coco i to o to O I rVco'co' rH JD -a O *1 Sis S3 d XJ 03 «>OH NCOW hNh i CO O to OOTt<© C0^C0t>O5 0 050 co 05 05 CO c* gSS 00 to )?Io§ j o o NtOONtO o^ooooco CO CO CO ^ ^ CO CO O 05 to ©oooc^ ©toao.2 o s if ill le-s'So -1 ■sS5S| !!!§■§ If 1 11 igssg 'O a S3 s w « § a 3 h iS j c* Type - Junior High Schools White or white and negro, 11 grades (followed by 2-year senior high school) - Negro, 11 grades (followed by 2-year senior high school) . . White or white and Negro, 12 grades (followed by 2-year senior high school)— . . - Negro, 12 grades (followed Dy 2-year senior high school). . . White or white and Negro, 11 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school) _ _ _ _ Negro, 11 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school) _ White or white and Negro, 12 grades (followed by 3-year senior high school) . . . Negro, 12 grades (followed Dy 3-year senior high school) . . . White or white and Negro, 12 grades (followed by 4-year senior high school) . . Negro, 12 grades (followed by 4-year senior high school) . . . . Total . . . . PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 37 118 349, 383 12, 415 612, 031 47, 052 28,774 4,403 27, 754 6,651 1,088,581 19,357 3, 764 640, 043 37, 058 700, 222 75 181, 228 7,379 320, 756 28, 170 15, 597 2,564 14, 431 3,952 574, 152 10, 354 2,291 337, 494 22, 304 372,443 43 168, 155 6,036 291, 275 18, 882 13, 177 1, 839 13, 323 2,699 514,429 9,003 1,473 302,549 14, 754 327,779 I (M »0 ts. 1 o 1 • 05 K ! 50 ! i i i • i • i iii • iii 1,748 co 1 oo CO «CO 1 00 05 688 53 1, 643 150 305 2,839 21 7 1,455 98 1,581 21 44, 844 1,429 82, 505 4, 339 4,806 491 3, 832 1, 101 143,368 2,744 497 83, 755 3, 647 90, 643 23 53, 235 1, 729 95, 272 5, 890 5, 596 776 4, 723 1,001 168,245 3,368 653 98, 843 4, 540 107, 404 24 62, 978 2,200 114, 537 7, 771 6,630 920 5,570 1,626 202,256 3,874 809 118, 104 6,214 129, 001 39 68, 668 2,571 117, 999 8,763 6, 816 1,362 6, 543 1, 392 214, 153 4,730 1,053 127,117 7,639 140,539 5 58, 343 2,238 98,336 9, 787 4,919 854 5, 470 1,349 181, 301 4, 584 745 113, 387 7, 863 126,579 6 59, 675 2,193 101, 027 10, 337 923 182 174,343 1 1 ^ o> 1 1 © t- o ■o O- §78 .^ag w>^ Cb£^CfcX, jT ©~< £ ©c< ^ © cs S~T 2-*? 2^5 8 .a 2, §?.c G ^-a G- S?x: vS « c4 3 © £ Zfc Z& Z& Z Z ® T3 ® t3 o3 05 .fl E.C 2 > tX > t£ J^r-H £ ® bO o- — h ® g o®& ;o‘ ®>» 6J0 O’-1 Ip Sh-S S o 2 £ >>M iSzs8S IflO- jlll S*2 MO1^ T5-1 £ c S'-' 03 3 co a o ^ >»bfi S'® S >>£ ©■ _ fc£ ° co e* 1,643,656 734,837 19 11 734,867 694,552 694,552 till till till 4,386 4,386 8, 538 2,045 117, 034 4,653 (132,270 321, 994 208 60 4, 514 326,776 5, 893 1,316 67, 262 2,758 77,229 195,818 128 33 1,847 197,826 2,645 729 49,772 1, 895 o If? w 126, 176 80 27 } 2, 667 128, 950 CO o* c* 00 cc 00 O CO CO 00 13, 625 23,947 1 © ^ O CO oo »o CO 24,314 CO i || 1 00 Oi O coco ^ i Regular High Schools White or white and Negro, 11 grades. Negro, 11 grades - - White or white and Negro, 12 grades. Negro, 12 grades . . . . Total _ Grand total (regular and reor¬ ganized high schools) - High schools with fewer than 10 enrollment: White or white and Negro . Negro _ _ Ungraded high schools: > ; 0 1 > ; * ! 5 i ) j 3 ; 3 ! g o 3 g Grand total (all high schools). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 10. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by Number of Schools Number of Instructional Staff Number of Pupils . Sixth grade Seventh grade Eighth grade © CD © © © 22 2 s 32 32 3 2 & % £ M * g> * & is* u'/' O'2* en T3 ® o o © X) o 2 § feo a 3 05 feo 25 a ja os aS & 2 § feb £ Z * Z £ £ £ £ £ £ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n 22, 177 1,770 308, 988 13,006 4,289 97 661,961 32,591 700,286 34,551 522 139 5,275 1,172 26, 220 6, 245 22, 805 5,574 84 1 174 2, 327 2, 367 519 67 3^ 940 438 16,902 2, 286 15, 321 2,030 589 19 771 52, 663 53, 167 281 3 212 218 9,674 9, 489 125 3,891 6, 229 6, 502 37 13 753 107 2,598 404 2, 310 367 325 140 4,83? 1,068 97 18, 316 5, 674 18, 166 4, 951 621 167 5, 004 1,100 129 4, 933 2,095 6,277 1,958 167 1 575 41 2, 847 2,780 925 15, 964 174 7, 985 8, 668 844 10, 784 66 22,531 23, 279 960 8, 029 717 13, 815 14, 444 689 6, 139 11, 450 11,084 526 59 4, 855 460 14, 586 1,664 13, 570 1,524 385 103 3, 108 583 2,302 189 3, 967 1,431 226 1,986 2, 931 3, 066 171 36 3,180 512 10, 715 1,930 13, 757 2,809 428 10, 765 27, 904 29, 232 693 12, 768 58 36, 851 42, 010 533 7,803 17, 780 18, 776 521 87 3,938 619 271 9,474 1,498 10,406 1,299 755 41 7,107 421 100 9, 376 190 9,201 802 188 1,530 1,599 1,578 536 3,800 3, 831 3,700 34 329 476 412 108 1,274 2, 813 2,885 278 10, 339 13,160 13, 892 131 1,357 3, 340 3, 217 1,023 32, 281 429 70, 249 71, 714 734 222 5, 230 1,325 4,390 369 4,112 411 394 1,707 2,157 2,150 1,239 18, 439 49, 917 50, 782 772 89 6,109 461 14, 675 1,010 14, 825 952 265 3, 047 527 5, 017 5, 732 1,193 25, 107 57, 363 62, 579 62 1,820 5, 968 5, 724 313 117 3, 250 770 1,204 471 10, 014 1,272 293 1,826 1,328 1,406 426 80 4,562 629 8, 352 1,284 8,097 1,168 1,343 268 14, 082 1,540 1,311 27,107 2,242 30, 503 2,611 141 2, 239 6, 845 8, 295 87 788 1,602 1,563 425 91 5,105 951 2,495 452 9, 281 959 319 5, 003 92 12, 987 13, 256 328 41 4, 738 375 19, 852 1,514 18, 351 1,471 504 7, 341 156 9, 588 9,976 95 824 1,699 1,802 20 10 1,001 475 3,538 3,074 3,796 2,962 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 41 year in all public high schools, by State, and by race, 1945-46 Number of Pupils— Continued First year high school Second year high school Third year high school Fourth year high school Special students Post¬ graduates Total | Negro White or white and Negro Negro White or white and Negro Negro 1 21 22 23 24 25 783 15, 676 162 6, 697, 257 312, 367 1 37 12 1 132, 601 34, 074 2 5 29, 038 3 i 18 35 2 93, 186 11, 368 4 _ 1, 815 _ 468, 942 5 42 — 68, 115 6 197 80,349 7 i 89 10 13, 787 2,084 8 6 474 3 101, 729 23,834 9 54 50 3 110, 786 26, 675 10 ---- 25 .... 34, 815 11 377 337, 167 12 _ 228 _ 209,002 13 _ 49 138, 846 14 103 .... 108, 570 15 4 30 105, 874 9,485 16 14 67 2 58, 271 13, 671 17 69 40, 637 18 2 22 _ 75, 679 13, 578 19 _ 598 _ 217,976 20 .... 987 .... 309, 376 21 759 .... 160, 484 22 ”35 19 76, 827 13, 885 23 8 88 2 156, 260 9,845 24 _ 56 _ 28, 307 25 ---- 41 .... 70, 624 26 4 6, 316 27 _ 122 _ 24,941 28 1,900 209, 566 29 _ 24 _ 27, 777 30 .... 4, 414 .... 691, 994 31 23 146 98 113, 917 30,977 32 _ 5 32, 130 33 779 401,500 34 12 41 15 130, 944 8,187 35 — 97 — 69, 163 36 593 537, 255 37 287 _ 35, 381 38 149 93 67, 081 20,425 39 16 31,313 40 16 18 .... 104, 935 16, 295 41 74 319 19 300, 146 33, 407 42 _ 50 _ 56, 224 43 36 14, 870 44 '226 257 '”8 101, 658 23, 331 45 .... 161 .... 112, 614 46 16 48 7 116, 754 8, 421 47 70 156, 115 48 .... 9 .... 16, 073 49 .... 29 .... 21, 342 12, 825 50 3 f § SS 3% * s 13 14 ,558,086 85, 505 ,430,903 £i 2 S* (D'Z) 2 § £ 15 16 69,338 195, 943 3 2 2 *S? 17 18 51, 796 3, 794 19 37, 544 46, 319 25,698 7,133 8,640 19, 976 101, 731 14. 451 20, 176 2,962 19, 927 33,073 8, 694 92,981 48, 831 30, 950 24, 429 25, 986 5, 411 11,011 16, 087 47. 123 67,611 35,217 18, 464 42, 199 7, 370 18. 124 1,648 5,621 55, 926 7,174 158, 223 40, 130 8,224 88, 051 31,037 17,910 124, 100 6, 576 17, 803 8, 131 29, 779 70, 689 11,243 3,670 29, 285 25, 569 25, 110 37, 736 3, 645 3,684 2, 474 406 4,853 8, 450 2,119 1,465 3, 355 4,091 3, 166 12, 432 2, 206 6,240 5,240 9,737 8~Il8 1,797 2,223 23, 176 6, 678 16, 605 96, 814 13, 394 18, 533 2, 420 17, 745 27, 040 7,898 86,996 43, 984 28, 919 23, 237 21, 579 17, 542 9, 351 13, 957 43, 748 64, 307 32, 788 15, 607 36, 393 6,700 16, 472 1,530 5,190 49, 609 5, 828 148, 053 31, 193 7, 250 81,758 27,800 15,674 116,690 6, 323 14, 897 7,504 23, 954 67, 483 10, 899 3,143 24, 687 24,222 21, 521 36, 540 3,347 3,925 6,562 2, 619 370 3, 569 6,171 1,718 4,174 3,i 2,492 8, 915 5, 324 3," 584 7, 671 6, 040 1,439 2,207 18, 681 5,087 13. 278 81,989 11. 279 15,446 1,848 14, 890 21, 574 6, 692 73,463 37, 188 26, 006 20, 239 16, 182 15, 485 7,589 11,605 36, 149 52, 584 28, 362 12, 426 32, 533 5,891 15,114 1,204 4,475 39,830 4,646 122, 462 27, 106 6, 538 68, 885 23,112 13, 155 94,056 5,132 12, 850 6,730 19,035 56. 313 10, 300 2, 614 19, 343 20, 008 17, 144 33, 031 3,035 3, 359 5,024 1,421 262 2, 4, 422 1,301 3,539 1,790 2, 194 1,651 6, 674 1,264 2,664 6, 141 4, 248 1,233 1, 363 15, 782 3, 855 10, 973 64, 263 9,491 12. 833 1,593 12,066 17, 331 5,804 62,678 32. 191 23, 488 17,935 13, 745 12, 749 6,467 9, 536 32, 070 43, 403 25. 834 9,907 26, 156 5, 087 13, 310 1,024 3, 762 33, 587 3, 536 107, 109 6,671 5, 786 59, 539 19,099 10, 985 80, 421 4, 405 10, 163 6,136 15, 232 46, 193 8, 527 2, 220 16,116 16. 192 14, 564 28, 628 2, 518 2,834 3, 498 1,118 2,072 3, 522 1,154 2, 857 1,332 1,565 1,728 1,534 2, 055 1,044 2, 973 2, 339 4, 912 3,280 944 12 9, 341 169 20 1,789 355 1,453 966 57 62 468 228 65 22 194 127 164 390 18 996 Tabic 11.— Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by year in all regular high schools, by State, and by race, 1945-46 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Total Negro e* 150,792 29 L ‘L CO 837 17, 639 1,773 9, 024 1 4QQ ! : i r j i 800 ‘9 IH‘9 White or white and Negro QO 2, 544,200 88863 18839 11881 sssSS 88688 2'2'2g'2‘ g'S8S83S3 §Si'”8"S S'SSS'S' Si P4 Negro 5 137 1 1 1 | CO IH i i i Pi! • i i i White or white and Negro N 12, 468 a8S|g S»SS|3 1||§| ggssg gssgs State - Total. . __ . Alabama _ _ Arizona . .. . Arkansas _ 2c gx 5 r 3 C S'c ! c > 'z i l > i ) c ) C ! ■2 > ct \l !a >e Florida.. . . . Georgia _ l u. i 1 i e > c. j- j f Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine . . iviaryiana . . Massachusetts _ MiohiVan : i ; ; i iiiii inn PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 43 is :g 1 is is a S33S1 31283 afEstfssTsT silli !$£§£ ssl ssr :|2g ~ ef g^SSS sg' !S|“| So ~ « §338 s n »o ro o cc -8PS » o 1 1 I : : : i : ©- : : i : : i i j j j • : : : : : : : 1 v-H O 1 l l «l : co-co- : : : : : i iiii: White or white and Negro a 2,372,210 Isigs lllli Sills alsSi IslisS Is -‘aag'a gs'ssssf sfsfsfssf s's's's'* Postgraduates Negro r* s j 1 ! j i i ; j ! !v-t cm ! ! ! ii iii : vh * I * I : : i iiii ii : i i i i i i White or white and Negro a 7,988 5 1 1, 581 20 133 5 133 12 114 60 12 25 8 61 48 177 126 300 3 67 46 27 4 41 1, 132 Special students Negro a I i i i i i ; ; : ; : j i i i i i i * i i : i i ! i i i i i i i i i i i i : : : : : : White or white and Negro 3 23,378 %$%%% E23SS g§§|| Sg 3 - Twelfth grade Negro S3 B s' 1 isii i li i a 1 18 ‘I S0*_. 915 905 White or white and Negro 2 449,594 11311 SiSSsS gfilgg lilsl §1131 11 HN1NN(N oo rJ « hwomV mVco®' -HOf Eleventh grade Negro * 22, 150 1 il ~ ; 1 1 § : : || iiii i is g i i 1 i i '"iii 1,211 1, 094 White or white and Negro s 551,662 ggggg SsSil ISI1I ggggg lllli 11 hnnVn o — h* ec giOrnoTo- j-Tus-oo-oco- Tenth grade Negro o 1 s' 1, 758 |B j j i j j I : i il Iiii i | ; i 1, 668 1, 654 White or white and Negro ao Tf oo *-T s lllli gggss ggggg Ssiis ggggg is s' -' ffa's'a'”' 2'»a'S“" Ninth grade Negro r* 1 s 1, 942 iS ! 1 ill ii ii ii l 1^4 CO 1 I l : :s s : : : ; : -h : ; i : : : : : 2,340 2,352 White or white and Negro CD K s' IsISI SSS83 31ssi§ ggggg 11113 II a' ■»' s's's'a'a *>‘ss' Number of Instructional Staff Negro MS § 19 . OOS i | a i i i i : : : : Si ii i ja s| i i i i iii 324 276 White or white and Negro 117,034 lllsg sH!ss ailsS lllli mi 1 is CO- CS Ofcoeow-H- ! 1 j j |j ii !! JUj 1 ii Iowa . Kansas . . . . Kentucky . Louisiana . . Maine.. . Massachusetts.. . Michigan _ Minnesota . Mississippi . Missouri.. . Montana . . Nebraska . Nevada.. . New Hampshire. . New Jersey _ _ PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 45 _ > Tt< o r-H CO NNCCON NNOOIN oo»-h‘C'^oo 05 co co io oo oo >o : >CO 05 h r- co iO i-t o* MN^IO^O 00 05 C5 05 o Tfi CO S^tSoq CO CO iO CO ^ 05 CO CO^H COCO o i-ikGiO 05 o © o o h CO O CO o CO C5 *0 05 COpOOCOrf 00 C-) H N 1-- N(NN(N00 H(NOCD^ O » O 00 Tfi 00 < »ONCOhO O’ 'tCOCOrHI COONCOC W'VHHC CONO5 00N H CO O lO CO 05 CO 05 05 00 US'CO © SSS28 88 CO 05 t}h 05 00 ^ 05 to sss cfio" 00 CO CO T-H COCOHOH N CO H CO W 05 CO 05 ^ 05 T—t CO us *G> CO < (NHT}<00C O^NN( I Tf *o CO 00 * IHIOO 00 c 140 05^ O l 88 o o CO iC CO »ON»OHCO CO US 05 US CO ^ O CO Tt< ^ 05 CO r-T i-T»0 C5 i-T CO I O c O 00 ^ 05 05 N N Cl CO CO 005NCOH CO 05 o )(N(NrHCO CO 05 InSo® §3 i is ; ;s ; ; i i iCO i 05 t- 1 1 CO co j ! •<* j j ! ! . i 05 it it ii ii ii ii 1 1 05 oot^o c^co^ooot^ ,01005 CO lO CO NCOO 05 00 05 CO 10 05 ^co go gio fas a <§ CS m3 tj a> d 32* "m « “ wofl ©bo o.c.*£3 5oo«® £©£££ g£* zziz; zoooph £>>;>££ a g S' So bo£ B> «' a .2 jz « §ii?l8 £ “ co d if •a* "O c o w" o 30,463 953 13,966 573 4, 404 59 10, 508 Tenth grade Negro - 10,009 354 3,380 318 2,653 76 3, 228 White or white and Negro o 37,709 1, 108 17, 196 705 5,440 89 13, 171 Ninth grade Negro 05 13,784 452 4, 712 400 3,506 94 4, 620 White or white and Negro 00 46, 210 1,640 21, 276 795 6,131 79 16, 289 Eighth grade Negro r» eS 00 565 6,781 530 4,017 117 6, 417 White or white and Negro co 57,288 1,363 26, 768 1,003 7,450 104 20,600 Number of Instructional Staff Negro to 2,045 ,-C CO 00 CO 00 White or white and Negro - 8,538 194 3,847 120 1,182 16 3,179 Number of Schools Negro *5 332 White or white and Negro N CO oo o 00 O CO CO 05 © 00 fH T* ^ *0 fH CO State - Total... . Alabama . Georgia . . . . Maryland . . South Carolina . . . Texas . Virginia . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Table 14. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by year. State Number of Schools Number of Instruc¬ tional Staff Number of Pupils Sixth grade Seventh grade Eighth grade White or white and Negro Negro White or white and Negro Negro White or white and Negro Negro White or white and Negro Negro White or white and Negro Negro i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total _ 9, 709 613 183, 416 6,308 4,289 97 661, 961 32, 591 700, 286 34,551 Alabama . . . 505 131 4, 729 921 26, 220 6,245 22, 805 5, 574 24 556 2, 327 2, 367 402 56 3, 277 377 16, 902 2,286 15, 321 2,030 301 13, 150 52, 663 53, 167 134 2, 417 218 9,674 9, 489 64 1,779 6, 229 6,502 34 13 631 107 2,598 404 2, 310 367 Florida _ _ _ 303 134 4,547 1,032 97 18, 316 5, 674 18, 166 4, 951 37 10 1,074 332 129 4, 933 2,095 6, 277 1,958 Idaho... _ _ 36 663 41 2,847 2, 780 101 3, 239 174 7, 985 8,668 565 7,198 66 22, 531 23, 279 308 4, 559 717 13, 815 14, 444 Kansas _ 184 3,067 11,450 11,084 Kentucky 291 33 3, 214 355 14, 586 1,664 13, 570 1,524 Louisiana _ 91 11 873 145 2,302 189 3, 967 1,431 Maine _ _ 57 749 2,931 3, 066 Maryland _ 158 29 3, 060 454 10, 715 1,930 13, 757 2,809 M assachusetts _ 327 8,678 27, 904 29, 232 Michigan 505 10,129 58 36, 851 42, 010 Minnesota . 364 6, 323 17, 780 18, 776 Mississippi _ 367 33 2, 774 295 271 9,474 1,498 10, 406 1,299 Missouri _ 137 9 2, 624 145 100 9, 376 190 9,201 802 Montana _ 42 473 1,599 1,578 Nebraska _ _ _ 66 1,098 3, 831 3,700 Nevada _ 7 113 476 412 New Hampshire _ 61 849 2,813 2, 885 New Jersey _ _ 130 4, 367 13, 160 13, 892 New Mexico _ 46 757 3, 340 3, 217 New York 650 18, 848 429 70, 249 71, 714 North Carolina _ 29 2 726 49 4, 390 369 4,112 411 North Dakota ... 67 637 2,157 2,150 Ohio 900 13, 461 49, 917 50, 782 Oklahoma _ 218 20 3, 385 212 14, 675 1,010 14, 825 952 Oregon _ _ 80 1,408 527 5, 017 5, 732 Pennsylvania . 714 18, 968 57, 363 62, 579 Rhode Island _ 53 1,617 5, 968 5, 724 South Carolina _ 163 28 1,994 250 1,204 471 10, 014 1,272 South Dakota 31 464 1,328 1,406 Tennessee _ 76 18 1,617 229 8, 352 1,284 8,097 1,168 Texas _ 272 24 7, 006 421 1,311 27, 107 2, 242 30, 503 2, 611 Utah 129 2,123 6,845 8, 295 Vermont _ , 49 546 1,602 1,563 Virginia _ 76 11 1,824 134 2, 495 452 9, 281 959 W ashington 116 2, 982 92 12, 987 13, 256 West Virginia 274 41 4, 045 375 19, 852 1,514 18, 351 1,471 Wisconsin _ 109 3, 315 156 9, 588 9,976 Wyoming _ 36 482 1,699 1,802 District of Columbia.... 20 10 1,001 475 3, 538 3,074 3,796 2,962 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 47 in all reorganized public high schools, by State, and by race, 1945-46 Number of Pupils First year high school Second year high school Third year high school Fourth year high school Special students Post¬ graduates Total White White White White White White White or or or or or or or white Negro white Negro white Negro white Negro white JNe- white .Ne¬ white Negro and and and and and gro and gro and Negro Negro Negro Negro Negro Negro Negro 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 813, 024 32, 140 732, 879 26, 499 606, 572 19, 637 513, 737 15, 716 22, 804 319 7, 505 25 4, 063, 057 161, 575 22, 089 4, 626 19, 508 4, 352 15, 834 3,188 13, 269 2,289 179 37 12 1 119, 916 26, 312 4,193 3, 252 2. 437 1,825 62 16, 463 15; 810 2,02i 13; 082 1,642 10, 520 1,132 8, 662 885 47 18 34 2 80, 378 10,016 59, 014 56, 772 47. 196 37, 263 5, 354 234 311,663 lo; 614 10; 038 8 419l 7, 039 47 22 55, 560 7, 718 5, 749 4,995 4, 086 96 64 35, 439 2, 396 406 1,554 370 ^235 262 1,068 186 29 89 5 11,195 2,084 18, 174 4, 573 16,083 3, 341 13, 343 2,417 10, 912 1,935 144 6 341 3 95, 479 22, 997 5, 783 1,669 5, 333 1,459 3,995 1,042 3,174 813 38 29, 662 9, 036 3; 475 3,247 2, 699 2, 253 28 13 17, 383 15, 667 14, 966 12, 762 10, 779 2,372 263 73, 636 27; 838 25, 590 2l', 956 18, 964 291 168 140,683 17, 378 16, 204 14; 205 12, 823 417 37 90,040 12 867 12, 565 10, 691 9,129 74 78 67, 938 14,391 1,545 12, 543 1,264 9,344 964 7, 960 749 80 2 22 72,496 7,712 823 419 4,427 796 3,662 756 2, 941 1,046 1 10 6 18, 129 4,647 3, 390 2, 940 2,405 2, 105 26 21 16,884 15, 084 2,825 13, 162 1,960 10,900 1,472 8, 963 1,081 2 21 72, 602 12,079 35, 464 33, 221 27,429 24, 067 825 421 178, 563 50, 636 47, 329 37, 582 31, 272 1,058 861 247, 657 27, 473 24,684 21,629 19, 924 679 459 131,404 11, 654 1,751 9, 867 1,371 8, 087 983 6,208 813 205 29 16 56,188 7, 744 13, 226 814 12, 139 838 10, 504 557 8,398 629 24 5 21 2 62,989 3, 837 1,808 1,732 1,556 1,338 4 10 9,625 4,696 4, 505 4,174 3, 439 10 14 24, 369 404 506 348 266 2,412 3, 302 3, 182 2, 730 2,254 39 81 17, 286 17, 584 14, 892 12, 292 11, 199 337 768 84, 124 3,729 3, 109 2, 561 1,902 4 8 17, 870 82, 795 56, 050 46, 308 41,797 5, 712 1,841 376, 895 3,943 340 3,242 262 3,092 197 1,658 170 21 14 20,472 1,749 2, 955 2,482 2,304 2, 174 g 1 14, 231 55 966 52, 395 44, 482 38, 779 797 237 293, 355 15,807 882 14, 686 761 11,934 531 10, 100 497 281 2 37 10 82, 345 4,645 6, 861 6,068 5, 024 4, 425 39 52 33,745 87, 670 82, 479 64, 989 55, 521 1,365 428 412, 394 5,449 5, 298 4, 216 3,624 966 210 31,455 9, 875 1,602 8, 351 1,275 7, 073 979 5, 535 652 37 7 54 42, 143 6,258 1,767 1,757 1,521 1,425 20 7 9, 231 7, 183 1,187 6,171 735 5,077 648 3, 960 686 380 14 9 39,229 5,722 30, 377 2,600 31,144 1,812 25,387 1,499 20,255 1,077 144 56 217 166,445 11, 897 10,608 10, 186 9,682 8, 026 65 46 53, 753 2, 219 1,980 1,651 1,438 14 26 10, 493 8,186 860 7,884 615 5, 765 414 5, 263 268 93 26 104 39, 071 3,594 14, 313 13, 267 10,794 9,006 110 85 73, 910 19,750 1,797 17, 058 1,439 13,588 1,233 11,520 944 82 16 26 7 100, 227 8, 421 14, 995 14, 452 13, 201 11, 558 43 41 74, 010 1,941 1,823 1,635 1,357 18 3 10,278 3,684 2,223 3,925 2, 207 3,359 1,363 1 2,834 996 177 29 21,342 12, 825 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Table 15. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade in public junior high schools followed by 2-year senior high schools of 12-grade systems, by State, and by race, 1 945-46 Number of Pupils Total 3IENNIAL O &D O z SUI 05 IVE' i/S cm Y OP C5 US C5 00 EDUC co ^ Tt< ^ CO iO A t: £ 2 661 i L 94 i i ■ i i i 4-4 e : i j j White or white and Negro a© 55, 233 160 15, 787 124 CO CM 05 CO 05 CO CM CM 00 »o snss siisi sing §32 § S3 05 ! ! j j jji j i j 2 j | j White or white and Negro ! 2,454 C5 s COHNCO CM CM Number of Schools Negro 1 - 1 S3 us CO CD | j • i i i i i i i i i i - i ! i i : i i i j White or white and Negro - 1 " £ CCNH CO rH CM CM CO H H eo FHt^CO^HCO State 1 1 “ | I 1 I Total _ _ Arkansas . . . . P.alifnrnia 5.S || 3 C >c i It \t. ii sp j . i *g ! c ) ^ 1 a !c ;.s iP a )§ is : = p & c. II *» a 5 P > 5 J •- i #E ) r i ' Michigan.... . . . . . Minnesota... . . . Mississippi . . . Missouri . . New York.... . 1 . . Dhin ii >c Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . . Tennessee . Utah i ! || j j j I 1 1 [ 1 West Virginia... . Tabic 16— Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade in junior high schools followed by 2-year senior high schools of 1 1 -grade systems, by State, and by race, 1 945-46 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 49 Number of Pupils Total Negro VS 276 05 CO T— < o White or white and Negro 6,006 177 166 181 5,435 47 Special students Negro CO t White or white and Negro w CD Dl • 8 i Ninth grade Negro - O IO iO (M White or white and Negro o 2,588 68 44 51 2,411 14 Eighth grade Negro 05 5 CO White or white and Negro 30 2,721 109 43 57 2,499 13 Seventh grade Negro eo IO White or white and Negro CD 671 05 CO 05 O 05 (M Number of Instructional Staff Negro ID 00 White or white and Negro 231 NO>00»OW § Number of Schools Negro « CO White or white and Negro ID CO t'- rH State - Total _ _ _ _ C 1 c Q c Maryland - . . . Qnnfh fTarrtlfna 3 3 3 3 ) 3 o £ Virginia. . . Tabic 17.— Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade in public junior high schools followed by 3-year senior high schools of 12-grade systems, by State, and by race, 1 945-46 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 111 I 55 CO CO 5 i w . 1 00 (M CO i » i rti i i ! ! IS • i . 96 30 oo a 00 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IHOOO 1 1 i co* * • 1 1 1 1 r i i i i | j p 1 ICO 1 1 1 1 IONOOW 1NOOCCI 1 N ON 00 fflcooco no>m4 Tf 00 05 COCO •is S'Sfl g> £Z*z o >eo o 'ho CO o* sr o •§ 43 Tl tj) £ s s? o c<\ a> o co ( HCOOOt rH ofo ’ OHIOHO OOONVOIO 0 00(0005 O CO 00 O H N lO lO 00 05 CO H CO ec «tC5H^O0 05(Nrt^ iOCO 05 CO 00 00 CO^HHN H 05 O CO 00 05 »0 05 1C t>» S’S d o »h e<5 Otj< HlOOO rH o lO W ( 05 CO 40 05 COCOCHIO rft^CO- Tt^ co 05 cc co cooco^C5 05C000OO 50 05 000(0 COiOOTf iO COT*r»C tCxjT tCf-ftC (O ^ H ©2 o •s3,2 w> 3 te a ® « S fa H s fa S O < £ P H pg” 2"S c N50005C IXHO^H «5 50 00 00 «5 " F-i §5 05 T C4 eo'cf §823 om rv* »-4 « ° «s &U2 fc 04 I 1 60 I I i 04 »-h ® +J O S’! rt §? « CO CO c S a M.So •» 1 £h Tj © CQ c3 .2 ,lss •c fl *3' 1’i l1®©®^ 33 a a>» a $ 3H2 S'Cfaceo <-^<00 OfifeO, U3 H Sl,q § .2 Iii« S M © 55 w “J — " .S3 £3 P** K rCJ 9 m Sn ; iUfafa ©el ri » m w >?? 33 3SSSa asass sss PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 51 NWrHcoo co 05 O* WCOH^IO Tf^ lO CD^t ^ *o nr co 05 o* 05 O *0 gs co 05 r-f TjT ss^sfss ! ! ! cd > £ CO CO HCOCCC5 i— < CO »0>COOC0 05 CD 00 WN»CHH ofio of oof co i § omnSS > 1-f NIOOOOCO ool SSSoo 00 S 1-t N CO N C5 N CO < CO CO Tt* COCOON of co ofoo~t>T 1^0 OOht^h hN ^ 00 HOiOiOOOi 1-H OJ »”< 05CD^t^CD 1-H fH of JO of O 00 of o'^o' 1-H 00 00 ^ 1-H TT ^ O CD O COrH 00 I> 05 CD HTJ .93 gS ca a Ofi &£} o a o OdUC ?'2£5 g 3 3 0 c g Sfo tu .a> a I „, o •S3 >» S© oS33£ S3 55S g«c-3© £ >, ZZOOO PHtfamH >■ -O "0 o> * o o O o •57 "u!> .5?o -C T- |8 .is ii* a 0 .£ w -8 2 £> >> >s-° -o « * E “ w l£ -o c o & “ £§ « c s S 3 3 !Z « °«n w C «s sg 3 CQ £ faT) O 0 st .t: © 9" .a £5 5 5 S: = ss ■asl5z5 fa's °go sit £ £ -w © M S.t3^ isf2 *3 © S' & £ if rtHNOO co 00 ^ CD "'f of of I - 00 Ol O Ol CD CO Table 19. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade, in public junior high schools followed by 4-year senior high schools of 12-grade systems, by State, and by race, 1 945-46 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 ft S © §:* Z ©73 Q. 3 CQ43 £ C5 lO 00 CO Q *9 5° .*9 2? TT!1 ^ - t2 P : I CO C 0 0 O ©.tjTJ fci Zi oxj fa < o is eg 2 fa w H fa SOh 3 « OQ ) to 00 O 05050> M ggsa 9x! SMW22 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 53 Table 20. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade, in public junior-senior high schools (2-4 plan) of 12-grade systems, by State, and by race, 1945-46 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 i 8 ® Oh • O* (M ICO 96 i is j i 1 1 1 I rH IQ T*< 00 05 1 ^ 05 1, 875 200 i i i i |Q I *o 0 I IQ 1 1 1 i c* 1 l I 1 iH 1 1 1 1 i is i i 1 N N I 1 . co geo S Sco HNHOCO H CO 1— 1 CO 00 SocS §HCOOCO £5 a? c5 rH CO t> CO CO . >0 00 OJ 1-H Oi 00 T}4 aooNeo SwhSm O T 00 ei* of i i i i s i i& i i • £-0 1 05 1-H I 05 i O i i i i~ i T i i 1 IQ NNifiON C^OiCOt^iO “■ *OiONN - “ I t^CO ' 05 05 O CO 05 N ' OW IQ 00501-1 NOHXH > 03 00 CO CO CO ( - _ < ( 30 1-H cot _ _ ONNhh 0HQO5COCO , O 1-H rH © O* *Q r-ICO 1C CO o c '?5 Sc n>»w S 8 gt: os .2 '3 S3 . s . O >» 'flo2 O 03 be 2 °2S * T5 |15 ’ot c3 <3 Q, HoQ $ 33SJS .2 c> A c .3 2 -w O K hfl X w a o Ktttt £OOOPh SmmEhEh a m a § 3 i£g 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 I >. -D £ 6) ■o o 00 CS _D a m l co ■p O IT 32 3 a-u ■ee !-£ 00"O a 3 a -o E o .2 fl O ID ©XI 53 t3 ® © E-i > 2 ® fee w g * .g © 5? & 5 ® a xa S’ 03 © M S S^jS ! la o!3 g ® £ * fc | © © O 2^1 £ 2 oia| 8 £ * & i g 2 oSa © © © o 2 ola c 8 £ *«J5 © © o £ **55 © © o 2^8 £ **£ 23 S3 a 8 £ sg2& o B, Sb &CQ © © O •a ^•-'2 fe £ **55 CM 00 CO HNH05. III 05 CO 1 1 III Tfl »— 1 1 1 ill CM ID CO i i i 1 1 CO 1 961 i i ! ,"4* i i >ON CO 10000 10’ N005^( CO ^ 05 05 l> o >050(N(N ■ 05 i-h r- o l O CO 05 CM 0*1-4 CQ to ic CD I O CO ■'" ^ rH 05 05 I OO^hcD. »0 CD CM O CM OHN CM CO i CM CM a w ® §go2g ■§*§.§ § ,2 >_ © o o » © 2 g ■3 a 2 p a 25MMJ SSSSS PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 57 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 "U o CN $ I c in o> ^ VO .2^ e w 3 O — * o ~ >• -D-D C W ■g O 2«5> ^ >* rz E aw © o Z to ® O 2 oi^'o gf £ **Z sg^loSgS Ph bo £ 05 £ •5 A2~ u.-S'd £ o!3q’0 o2 c go &■»»> fe c3^ CQ 'O'5' ^ Z s2 > g Z W) Co >2 © 2 Z to •5 ^•h’2 ho H-H Q ,0 C QJ £ ^Z © 2 Z to S ®-2 2 £2 a g> 0 X Z bo 51 © 2 Z hO *= £ ^Z Z to «t fs^z Z to "2 (-i — - 2 bo •Q o^3 g a> £ £ “’Z ;g|gs-g §| siS^ o ,, 03 BS j w o « O 5 H 6 u I” £ **z is Z bfi .■2 5^2 0 t~l •■— ' 0 fcf) pQ O 0 £ is^Z CO lO CO CO rH ' U- I cs ICO 1 00 Pcsf i i-T CM 00© NN’ 00h(N © rf i t^l^OO ^H( ^ ©00 INOh XCSOOOrH 00^^05 00 05 ^ Tti (Nhh lO CO 05i-HTt< ^ CO COCOi-H CO rH CO 00 iO NHOHOO cococo ^ ^ CO 00 00 CO * 00 r*t>.aor^co co ^ h io o o-^io >03^ o § § & jj ■2.2 >.2 S a 3 *.g .S3 ,;§'d-9 a 9 p > M © *dE2 ill: 2 d bo’53 •as 1 No Negro students. PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 59 >. -O ^7 am .e5 o'" ~o D >. _o a 9 a ~o c o 2 a I1 is03^ o cS Ph bfl I 5 > 2 ® bb w S3 3) 0’S 5® *•2 >2 a> be GO 3 >i 3 3 3 o;Q 0 © £ j® o-Q S a? £ **$5 2 Ma “ *h o^a g « p= s*03^ 2 o2c “ £ p;03^ .'H'S® K H J g «J ■< j=2g 1 2 w Pen £ g ^2 2 S2c §? £ £ ^ 3 oja £ *' 2®° “b5 ~ H 3 O BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-4 6 o^3 S o £ 03 £ ^ i | i Ort Sib S3 a §? o 3 M 05 CO III 10 CO CM 1 1 111 O 1 1 111 CM CM CM 1 1 1 1 1 ^ 00 1 1 1 1 00 D 1 1 1 1 CM O 1 939 473 111 ^ SS 111 11 111 11 I ; ,r-t-icog5 — Sf Sr" C'f ■'*' i-Teor-T 05" ■ONONO _g CO o |ss|S t^o < cmcd i I^COOD 05 O CO D 1 CM 05 05 t> Tt< CO 05 N H o ‘CONOOO |»0(N02H 1 CD Cl rH CO iO'^'co' 05 cm § » a# >2 OOOHCO CO CO CO CO CO • 0505CM r^O^ONO ) CM CM 00 CM CO ^ GO ■ CM 00 COHH CD ® ® o 3 ©2 a §? £ £ IONC1DC1 05 00 05 C COdNiOOO HTfCl )CDH^O innmS d^r^COH CD 00 00 *C CM NiOO )H ^(NOHIN 05 05 5! 3S3fl§> £ £ £ O5*O*OC0CD CO CD 05 o NrfdCD^ k0^0»000 CM *D CO »—C 10 OC 00 Tfc O CD CM CD O 00 iQ N O CO CO ^ COd^ I 00 CD CD CM 05 O O CD CM 00 ) O i§ a? . a^. 05 Tt^ » IIII ; : ; ~ : : ; III IIII III IIII 2S3g§? UO CM CO c (MOiOc iO CM 05^ t* O rt« CD H 10 05 05 A Is ® 2 X-S3 SSc §? SB* « “ ^ & g|8fi £ CM CM CO 10 I £ * *& *D CO CM *0 CO 000*0 CO O CO 05 CO CM 00 05 CD C HONCOCO 00 GO GO C C0CM^00*O HCMN^* 00 O 05 00 CD ° 00 Cr* h3 a O «g s u £oQ £ 3 o3 ® ) iO CD t> D ID CO ' H ,2 -e & § ;* ! iiii 5Wh <<686 pSo25 83338 SSSfcizi PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 61 Tabic 25. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils, by grade, in undivided public high schools of 11 -grade systems, by State, and by race, 1945-46 Number of Pupils Total Negro O N 3,764 266 224 3, 274 White or white and Negro C5 19, 357 239 18, 919 199 Post¬ gradu¬ ates— white or white and Negro ao 36 36 Special students Negro White or white and Negro ce c3 Eleventh grade Negro 14* 497 White or white and Negro 2, 744 CO CO 2,686 22 Tenth grade Negro s 653 05 e* 05 White or white and Negro N O0 — cs eo 34 3,314 20 Ninth grade Negro s 809 CO 00 kO CO ^ N White or white and Negro o 3,874 40 05 5 CO Eighth grade Negro Cd 1,053 98 61 894 White or white and Negro ao 4,730 O ' CO ^ CO ' O CO . o ;rfT Seventh grade Negro r- 745 So S © White or white and Negro o 4, 584 05 CO CO 05 CO ^ Number of Instruction¬ al Staff Negro us 134 o>>oo White or white and Negro 941 o S3 05 Number of Schools Negro 2 1 21 White or white and Negro N 109 State - Total... . . Alabama... . Georgia South Carolina . . . 1 Virginia : 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 o jjfV) 'a. 3 a -o c o f2*o r m . , I ®-2 ® §■§ fc &S* Sc M ^ O ert « , I ©si •r? ' to -m *2 ^ ,2 bfl W 2£ •gSl2; o ^'d bo ^ u fl la’®'2* P S bi i> j- 2 O C3 •22^1 o £ &TJ bi (> fc. fl 5 ss 3 t-4 co of co t^f of r-T >s§s . CO fcO CO I o o ^ o ) 05 CO CO o s'oooV -)(NN CO c )NCOO^ CO^iMC^r* • cDiOO^ hNOt^O ) CO N lO N OWCOWOO r of © eg CO 00 rH JO cCo ;g?5 »0 Tf O i-i C^l . Hooai^o OOlO CO(N005(M cot^o* r^05cooiT*H lO of of t^iCoO CO of l0 05iH-«t ' T-H 00 CO 00 c r^^t^co< 00O5TF H-^INIOOO C^C^OOIOOO ONOO- (NC^05 C0HHO5N »o 05 CO ^ co »o o * »OOOC O COM m > CO < »h d O 03 23S3S g ^HWMOO *0 *Ot^OO OOHOOcO IOIOH CO M< M< jaJ g-sS-gS 2 03 es 03.2 2 .2 .2 §•§ .Sssss ssss* PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 63 Tabic 27. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade in separately administered public senior high schools of 11 -grade systems, by State, and by race, 1945-46 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Number of Pupils Total Negro co 555 272 283 White or white and Negro US 21,311 2,402 536 6,261 1,122 4, 743 6,247 Post¬ grad¬ uates— White or white and Negro s us C5 CM 2^88 Special stu¬ dents — White or white and Negro *S 05 CM 1 1 CO » Eleventh grade Negro ** 140 US 00 us US White or white and Negro 7, 137 05 us CM co 05 oo co oo CO 00 CM h o rH CM"CM Tenth grade Negro O 189 CM 05 05 White or white and Negro a > 05 00 CO t-" CO 00 O ^ US CO COCOiH cccoco oOrHrteo»ON CM CM rH Ninth grade Negro cr> 226 US 05 CO White or white and Negro 6, 193 CO CO 05 CM MOtOO OG H CM US cm" cm" Eighth grade- White or white and Negro 1 CD 148 148 1 Number of Instructional Staff Negro US CM White or white and Negro 973 N^COONO O CM h CO N 00 rH CO rH CM Number of Schools Negro CO CM White or white and Negro N eS CO rH 00 rH CO us State - Total... . . T | 0 ll South Carolina _ TpYftS <4*411 Virginia . . Table 28. — Number of high schools, instructional staff, and pupils by grade in public high schools followed by 1- or 2-year junior college, by State, and by race, 1945-46 1 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 65 Unless otherwise indicated, data are for public high schools of 12-grade systems followed by 2-year junior college. Public high school of 11-grade system followed followed by a 2-year junior college. Public high schools of 12-grade systems followed by 1-year junior college. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 44-46 Table 29. — Number of schools, and number of graduates by sex in all public high schools, by State for 1 945-46 and 1 944-45 State Number of schools 1945-46 Number of schools 1 1944-45 Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total _ 20,065 445,647 570, 917 1, 016, 564 18,308 370,557 528,461 899,018 Alabama _ _ 459 8,013 10, 609 18, 622 376 4,696 8, 681 13, 377 Arizona . . . . . 69 1,436 2,008 3, 444 67 1,266 1,838 3, 104 Arkansas . . .. 535 4, 744 7,093 11,837 475 3, 746 6,189 9,935 California _ . . _ _ 431 29, 575 33, 596 63, 171 407 23, 566 30, 567 54, 133 Colorado . . . 241 4, 309 5, 310 9,619 203 3,056 4,179 7, 235 Connecticut.. _ ... 92 5,527 7, 898 13, 425 89 5,086 7, 525 12,611 Delaware . . . 31 694 1,088 1,782 25 527 707 1,234 Florida _ ... _ _ 293 5, 589 8,112 13, 701 229 4,202 6, 762 10, 964 Georgia . . . . 620 7, 854 11, 882 19, 736 349 4,443 7,145 11,588 Idaho _ .. 154 2,582 3,089 5, 671 129 1,993 2, 554 4, 547 Illinois . . . . 780 30, 583 33, 923 64, 506 711 23, 862 29, 802 53,664 Indiana _ _ _ _ 776 15, 464 17, 209 32, 673 728 13, 375 16, 574 29, 949 Iowa . . . 859 10, 493 12, 790 23, 283 776 9,577 12,081 21,658 Kansas. . . . . _ 626 8,143 9, 326 17,469 571 6, 777 8, 782 15, 559 Kentucky. . . . 530 6,584 8, 560 15, 144 485 4, 590 7, 605 12, 195 Louisiana . . . 462 5,573 9,163 14, 736 445 5,070 9,081 14,151 Maine _ _ . ... .. 211 2, 406 3, 791 6,197 205 1,990 3, 526 5, 516 Maryland _ _ .. 159 4, 059 6,449 10, 508 160 3,805 6,086 9,891 Massachusetts.. . . 261 13, 851 18, 647 32, 498 243 12, 580 18, 417 30,997 Michigan . . 569 19,114 25, 214 44, 328 464 15,310 22,090 37, 400 Minnesota . . . 487 10, 066 14, 246 24,312 449 9,090 13, 338 22, 428 Mississippi _ ... 576 4,452 7,127 11,579 499 3,092 6,123 9, 215 Missouri . . . . . 727 11,792 15, 323 27, 115 695 11,365 15, 268 26, 633 Montana _ _ _ _ 180 2, 266 2,814 5,080 146 1,630 2,237 3, 867 Nebraska . . 496 6, 161 7, 245 13,406 454 5,580 6, 930 12, 510 Nevada _ _ _ . 31 445 502 947 27 336 443 779 New Hampshire _ _ 95 1,521 2, 161 3,682 95 1,348 2,057 3,405 New Jersey . . 192 14,072 18, 473 32, 545 187 12, 969 18, 250 31, 219 New Mexico _ _ 112 1,400 1,829 3, 229 101 947 1,567 2, 514 New York . . . . 853 44, 024 53, 609 97,633 801 36, 596 47, 520 84, 116 North Carolina... . 509 3,417 5,177 8,594 847 8,785 16, 455 25,240 North Dakota _ _ _ 362 2, 360 3,409 5, 769 316 1,943 3,008 4, 951 Ohio _ _ _ 1,115 27, 448 33, 850 61,298 1,041 22, 226 30, 991 53, 217 Oklahoma . . . _ 777 8, 983 10,640 19, 623 734 7,001 9, 817 16, 818 Oregon _ _ _ _ 230 5, 912 6, 519 12, 431 206 3,641 5,032 8,673 Pennsylvania. . . ... . 941 35, 339 46, 440 81, 779 870 31,106 43, 688 74, 794 Rhode Island _ 29 2, 101 2, 389 4, 490 28 1,600 2, 292 3,892 South Carolina . . 395 5, 357 8, 080 13, 437 322 4,050 6, 592 10, 642 South Dakota.. . 282 2,600 3, 477 6, 077 264 2, 271 3, 056 5, 327 Tennessee . . 423 6,940 10,117 17,057 386 4, 731 8,976 13, 707 Texas _ _ 1,364 20, 828 26, 880 47, 708 1,147 17,770 24, 884 42, 654 Utah _ 75 3,904 4, 240 8,144 63 2, 988 3,842 6,830 Vermont . 82 846 1,299 2,145 75 755 1,273 2, 028 Virginia.. _ _ _ 484 6,909 11,455 18, 364 454 5, 227 9,792 15, 019 Washington _ 269 7,902 8, 944 16, 846 241 5, 457 8,003 13, 460 West Virginia . . 266 6,604 9, 021 15, 625 242 5, 217 8, 477 13. 694 Wisconsin _ _ _ 458 12, 671 16, 261 28, 932 399 11,017 14, 933 25, 950 Wyoming . . 86 1, 192 1,360 2, 552 71 928 1,206 2,134 District of Columbia _ 11 1,542 2,273 3, 815 11 1,374 2,220 3, 594 i Does not represent number of schools operating in 1944-45 since a number of schools failed to report grad¬ uates for that year. PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 67 Table 30. — Number of schools, and number of graduates by sex, from all public high schools in places having populations of fewer than 2,500, by State, for 1945-46 and 1944-45 ■State Number of schools 1945-46 Number of schools i 1944-45 Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total _ 15,282 139, 068 188,377 327, 445 13, 920 117,274 174, 502 291, 776 Alabama _ _ _ 352 4,165 5, 455 9, 620 295 2, 402 4, 461 6, 863 Arizona... . . 51 416 535 951 49 365 508 873 Arkansas. . . . 448 2, 653 4,153 6,806 391 2, 101 3,545 5,646 California . . . 197 3,505 4, 038 7,543 185 2, 742 3, 512 6, 254 Colorado _ .. - - 206 1,685 2,123 3, 808 177 1,335 1,833 3, 168 Connecticut- . . 53 1,420 2,081 3,501 50 1,265 2,000 3,265 Delaware - . ... - 19 232 325 557 15 171 266 437 Florida _ 164 1,169 1,667 2,836 128 753 1,303 2,056 Georgia . . ... . . ... 468 3, 886 6, 086 9, 972 253 2, 051 3, 416 5, 467 Idaho _ _ _ 129 1,284 1,480 2, 764 107 951 1,140 2,091 Illinois . . . 548 5, 606 6,935 12, 541 499 4, 659 5,809 10, 468 Indiana . . . ... .. 634 5, 917 6,698 12, 615 594 5,342 6, 464 11, 806 Iowa - - - - 759 5,494 6,359 11,853 678 4,933 5, 869 10, 802 Kansas. . _ 557 4, 265 4,895 9,160 506 3, 553 4, 366 7, 919 Kentucky _ ... .. 427 3,700 5, 324 9,024 390 2, 521 4,490 7,011 Louisiana . . . 352 2,463 3,991 6, 454 338 2, 211 3,786 5,997 Maine... . . . . 184 1,332 2,136 3, 468 180 1,158 1,908 3,066 Maryland _ _ 115 1,738 2, 793 4, 531 116 1,636 2,666 4,302 Massachusetts... ... _ _ 116 1,255 1,882 3,137 104 1,114 1,654 2, 768 Michigan . . . . 423 4, 999 6,682 11,681 334 3,638 5, 357 8, 995 Minnesota . . 391 3,908 5,881 9, 789 358 3, 459 5,307 8, 766 Mississippi _ _ _ _ _ 492 2, 882 4, 495 7, 377 427 1,969 3, 877 5, 846 Missouri . . . . 594 4,946 6, 203 11,149 569 4, 984 6, 459 11,443 Montana . . . 157 1,037 1,310 2, 347 126 738 973 1,711 Nebraska . . 448 3, 376 3,963 7,339 409 3,126 3, 694 6, 820 Nevada . . . 27 270 283 553 23 184 229 413 New Hampshire . . . 74 560 753 1,313 74 514 741 1,255 New Jersey _ . .. 36 980 1,330 2, 310 34 873 1,275 2,148 New Mexico _ _ 90 562 731 1,293 81 378 614 992 New York . . . 512 5,846 8,432 14, 278 484 5,109 7,678 12, 787 North Carolina... . . 384 1,298 1,944 3,242 711 5,566 10, 680 16, 246 North Dakota - 350 1,717 2,592 4,309 306 1,409 2, 280 3, 689 Ohio - - 867 8, 640 10, 872 19, 512 812 7, 338 10, 181 17, 519 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ 649 4,280 5, 406 9,686 613 3, 470 4, 879 8, 349 Oregon... - - 185 1,646 2, 039 3,685 163 1,185 1,675 2,860 Pennsylvania . . 558 8, 259 11,879 20, 138 507 7, 137 10, 849 17, 986 Rhode Island . . 10 233 330 563 10 210 314 524 South Carolina _ .. 295 2, 588 3,740 6, 328 244 2,018 3,167 5,185 South Dakota.. . 260 1,780 2,324 4, 104 243 1,626 2,109 3,735 Tennessee . . . . 304 3,083 5, 053 8, 136 280 2, 235 4, 611 6,846 Texas . . 1,050 8, 462 10,963 19,425 865 6,906 9,457 16, 363 Utah . . 52 1,407 1,619 3, 026 42 1,051 1,372 2, 423 Vermont . . . 69 431 721 1,152 62 351 690 1,041 Virginia . . . 392 3, 466 6, 490 9, 956 363 2, 551 5,295 7,846 Washington . . . 216 2,521 3,115 5,636 192 1,909 2, 667 4, 576 West Virginia _ _ 197 3,104 4,446 7, 550 176 2, 419 4,112 6, 531 Wisconsin _ _ 347 4,014 5,162 9,176 297 3, 257 4, 404 7, 661 Wyoming . . . 74 588 663 1,251 60 401 560 961 1 Does not represent number of schools in existance in areas of 2,500 population or less in 1944-45 since a number of schools failed to report graduates for that year. Tabic 31. Administrators, supervisors, teachers, and other instructional staff of all public high schools, by State, and by sex, 1945-46 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Total Grand total £ 1 321,994 6. 447 SSrs mn iilSs Ills! Islll SS8S8 VTnTgeo n >o«5h joo<»<*VrrHco" -TonT^ Women 3 195,818 4.585 1111 IISSS 38839 3S88S SI3I3 S8I89 csj-T-r (N ci-rHNcotC vmV 6 1 " ISS10 j Administrators Total 18,863 376 e$n IS1IS §3838 5§£i§ §ll8s ”8*8 r-T rH Wom¬ en e* 2,314 21 ^SSg Men w 16,549 355 •888 S*8SS 88888 §33§i II5SS ssls§ rH State - Total _ Alabama _ _ _ Arizona.-. . . Arkansas . California _ _ _ Colorado . . . Connecticut- . . Delaware _ _ _ Florida. _ _ Georgia . . . Idaho.... . . Illinois. . . Indiana... . . . . . Iowa . . . . Kansas Kentucky.. . . Louisiana . . Maine Maryland _ _ Michigan Minnesota . . . Mississippi.... . . . Missouri _ Montana. . . . . Nebraska . . . Nevada . . . New Hampshire. . . New Jersey _ New Mexico . . New York.. . . . PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 69 §gS§s o^ootdco siiis ill!! SsS «o“ef «T«o ‘ON ISisI r*r ow'i-J' sssii *(M* > co ■ O Oi 05 'O i-h 04 CO CO co t-Tt-Tco 04 o o MCN r. r: — CO © CO ^ CO ^ 10 CN^r-C NIONCC5 CCSXION ^ ^ r-H 1-H CO 1-H of o ^ co co of OfrH 04 04 © ^ CO CC 00 05 *h c< ocdn N O X ^ (N 04 r>- os ^ 1-H 04 05 CO 1-f CO ^ 40 CO^OCON rHMNNO ^HNWrt fH H (M - 1-H 04 40Nh FHCiC4 H H 04 1-H COIOOO-HCO CO 1-1 00 O 00 CO 1-h oo es co I—* i-H co rj^ 00 Ci ■ CO 04 1-H 1 CO sgHCgjo® CO 40 40 rt< CO 04 40 8^£S2 8^323 oM O 04 CO 40 ^ Hf CO 04 40 1 i II 1-H . Ci 04 1 40 1 04 CO 1-H i-h i i ii 1-H 04 1 l 1-H CD CO O M N ON CO X pH : O th rf CCW»C05 I 40 i-H CO 40 HHH ntON ©^ i 8288; I 04 OC Oi ©CON CO CO CO Oi 03 Oi CO OI 1— CO GO CO N O rf N rj< 40 1-T H^T of r-f * 40 4C H* 1 JXOCOI * 1-H CO N c -8888 88: 40ihNON CO CO ( t>f CO 1-H CO 40 0 40 0© CO of T-f S28g| CO" 1-H of > 03 00 C ) CO N i M^h 00 00 00 «©1H CO CO Oi H}< CO 40 40 *-< r^» 40 CO ^ Ci 1-H 40 40 Ol O ^ 40 oo t> ^ 40 OI Hf 40 Ci CO 40 OI NOh 04 04 - 3- 04 rH 04 h* 04 04 ! co ! i 04 40 i 30 1 04 1-4 04 h*< 04 04 i r- 40 )CO ^C( COW^ON © CO 04 40 t"- ^ 1-H 0 40 CO ^H pH CO »-H CO ICO C5 rt- — ©i Ci CO ^ CO 1-H CO 04 — -< 40 00hJ<^ 00 4O00CO JO i-h JO 04 ^ go 04 i : i 33 o : i 1 ; i i i c3 i i *2 * ! S C3 1 S > dq : s i x: js ‘ x: § ■£ •£ O C3 fc£ Ill-id !S^! : : : :s : :cca^ ' 1 O'S-S a* s-g-§ So a TT w C o o£3 £ ^^OOO Jjl!jj PhPhuqoqE-i 8.2 >4 £££ Table 33. — Administrators, supervisors, teachers, and other instructional staff of reorganized public high schools, by State, and by sex, 1945-46 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 Total Grand total N N 189, 726 05 00 05 CD CO 05 00 05 05 00 05 00 05 CO 05 05 CO 00 CO 05 ao t^COl^OCD CO 05 kO CD CD ,3 ^ iH & ciScONO CD *D CD t— < kO CD NHkOOkO ONkOcDH COON^O h 00 CO K 00 kcT cocoof t-T kcTi-T coi>'^‘co'co r-T coocTo ©co'of t-T v ao Women N 118, 691 3,997 309 2,454 8, 080 1,489 1, 185 477 3, 999 940 380 1,972 3, 978 2,938 1,859 2, 339 714 473 2,518 5,203 5,848 4, 002 2, 038 1,828 266 751 70 532 2,687 476 12, 013 Men © e* 71, 135 1, 653 247 1,200 5, 070 928 594 261 1,580 466 283 1,267 3, 220 1, 621 1,208 1,230 304 276 996 3, 475 4, 281 2, 321 1, 031 941 207 347 43 317 1,680 281 6,835 Other Total © 2, 499 HlOOffltO »0 ■<*< CO l-» 00‘0 00'f T}t 00 .0500 WNN'tO 03 HlOCO NHWiH C005COCOI© i CO 00 05 CO CO OJ 00 00 © 03 03 CO Wom¬ en ao 009 ‘I «o uo -c co nhmooh e^cooooo-^ co . -h © noctccoo i— ( 05 000(NC<5 .0510 Tjt ^ S 1 8 81 14 344 Men r* 899 io i co — 1 CO IO io NCI^COrt N H 05 00 00 OI IO O (M ^K3®HN HOH® 1-H Ol rH i-H HN 1-H t-H IO Wom¬ en 4, 062 O 1-H 05 00 es 05 05 i-H CO H noono® MONhO OSNOOCO M05iH® io OHIOJI® NHTtiMH t-000 00 00 .kO© ©03© 00 03^ © rH r-n © rH CO Men 2,078 CO CD CD 00 00 HO5 00 CSN 00 i-h 00 © 03 CO ^ 00 ^H © © t>. iH i-H nON r-H t-H iOCO^HC^ HHlQ Tt< i-H 03 rH CD © Teachers Total O 168, 933 r-HOCTjkOOO COCDNHTf^ 00 00 00 T-iNNHD C^^kOOO NOOkOCD O ^ CD O 05 t^O5 00kOt^ i-h 00 CD ©kO CO 03 00 © © CO CD HkONOH © © © CO © OOCO©t^i-H OCDHNO © ^* © »-H 00 © © kC COi-Tof rH h*T,h 0* © CO 03~ CO CO~ t>T © © CN 03~ CO ©~ Women 109, 548 3, 864 288 2, 342 7, 278 1,380 1,098 433 3, 732 884 361 1,806 3, 727 2, 679 1,726 2,175 681 455 2, 335 4, 853 5,414 3, 711 1,949 1,681 250 702 67 497 2, 409 432 10, 774 Men ao 59,385 t^©03©© kOCOkOt^CO 00 H © rH CO ©030300k0 CO©©^03 »ot^©ao© O(N(NGC00 © r-H co rH co ©t^©CO© COfN^C^kO ©©kOl^OO C0»00303© C003©COt^ »ONN^(N ©©CO©© (NN00 ©© OO 00 t'- rH 03 rH h$T r-T f-HOfi-H r-Tr-T C^Tco' *-H H «5 Supervisors Total r» © ss 1-H |©00N HN© I « COt^kOH^Tji |©CDH>C © 1 tH 1 1 IHN H T* i i W N CO • 03 © kQ rH ICO • • l li l ill 1 ll l III ©N^H i-H © Wom¬ en CD 353 rH 1 Tt< © ^©t^03 © rH © co © kO©T^© CO 03 i-H co H © 03 H 03 i-h ^ 03 i-h 03 © Wom¬ en eo 1, 563 kOiHkCOO© OOt^©OOTt< CO i-H © 00 03 |©00© © 03 © CO ^ H C0C003 ^ C0C0kQrHO3 icot^© kC 1-H i-H iH Hf 00 Men 9, 323 OHHlMM OOeSKMPOl— (30 (M 05 In. rtiflOCOH IO Hi l- 05 CO 00NN00O5 M(N®01M t^nt0 05 22 1-H 00 O IO O 05 OOCOOHO CO 04 CO to 05 rH to 00 1-H 04 rH CO GC CO GO CO CO rH CO 05 »0 O 00 0 05 rH 04 CO rH rH IHIOH i CO IHHC4 0105 H 04 ^ CO H i l 04 1 rH i i III i ill l CHifHCO 04 CO 00 04 tO CO 05 ^ 04 CO h 00 H^OOO^ 04 04 CO iH to to CO ^ 04 CO N H CO 0000^04 Tf 04hh04 CO ^ CO 00 © © CO rf< tJ< 04 ^ 04 00004 rH OWhCOCD ^ tT CO rH CO rH O4H00NH 00 rH CO CO CO OHNnrf 04CN ^ 04 ^ CO 04 rH^rH 'ifCOHHCO 04 CO 703 565 11,980 3,241 1,227 16, 803 1,399 1,994 415 1,644 6. 699 1,903 473 1,734 2, 607 3, 981 2, 997 433 1,355 564 329 6, 826 2,140 813 9, 926 936 1,542 266 1,226 5,023 811 322 1,371 1,652 2, 717 1,823 265 1,013 139 236 6, 154 1, 101 414 6,877 463 452 149 418 1,676 1,092 151 363 955 1,264 1,174 168 342 1 |00»ON 04 H CO O rH to 00 to r 1 04 i 1 l rH rH CO CO rH I 1 I l 04 • ' II ll II i> I 1 NCO H Tt< In t— ' CO CO i 1 rH l II rH I rH i ii i ll 1 l ill 1 I rH 04 C© 00 C D I H 04 CO rH 04 to rH rH 1 r-i I I I rH CO rH 1 rH rH l l II 1 II II 1 II ll i ll OOCOOOO o to r- to CD O O 05 O 04 rt< © 00 00 CO CO 04 04 05 HNC040 00 04 CO © CD O CD 04 CD 05 04 05 rH rH CO rH rH rH CO rH CD 04 05 rH 05 04 to 04 tJuOhOON CO CD rH CO 00 rH rH © rH rH rH © rH rH H 04 CO o®^§® to >c oc oo >o fflrjN co OQ xi xa OOJS^ SS 03^5 .5 » !§s5 > M SJ a i§ fisg 5233 s 8‘SStf'l M >11 8a & o o o ^ © hh © .a -r* ££000 £££ Q 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1944-46 PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS 75 SSS1& ssess assss sss § co o' j-Teo»H o'l-Tr-T t-T o'^h' -Tcn »0 r}< (N^hWcO NHC0 05C0 CO^®>t2co eSooSSnoi iSooooco »0 (M T»t lO t^COi-H CD *C 00 CD CO CD * HCOCOHO ICO^OOCO 3 10 1,9 8 8 Schools w 2,517 no<0 05 05 coooo3 05 03 oot^coi-