Lcsjcr B- Herl'hy - Bni U-C>ftC - FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Oscar R. Ewing, Administrator Office of Education Raix I. Grigsby, Acting Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES J 1942-44 i % 4 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON i 1949 OFFICE OF EDUCATION Cl ft L III Alt cj Created March 2 , 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department, July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL. D. + ' b ~ ff March 14, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL. D. ■ March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L. H. D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL. D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL. D. July 1, 1906, to June SO, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL. D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M. A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL. D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL. D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL. D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June SO, 1984 John W. Studebaker, LL. D. October 23, 1984, to July 15, 1948 n CONTENTS Chapter I. Statistical Summary of Education, 1943-44 II. Statistics of State School Systems, 1943^44 III. Statistics of City School Systems, 1943-44 IV. Statistics of Higher Education, 1943-44 INDEX Administration : Higher institutions, ex¬ penditures, IV : 70-75 ; State school sys¬ tems, II : 1-2. Administrative staff, intermediate and local basic units, II : 16-17. Administrative units : Number, 1 : 1—4 ; State school systems, II : 1, 26-27. Aggregate days attended : City school sys¬ tems, III : 12-60 ; State school systems, II : 44 ; urban and rural public day schools, I: 12. Agricultural education, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Agricultural experiment stations : Federal funds, 1 : 37 ; higher institutions, instruc¬ tional staff, IV : 6. Agricultural extension services, Federal funds, 1 : 37. Agriculture : Enrollment, 1 : 39 ; Federal funds, 1 : 37 ; higher institutions, instruc¬ tional staff, IV : 6. Annuity funds : Higher institutions, 1 : 39 ; IV : 64, 66, 68. Appropriations and taxation, State school systems, income, II : 50. Arts and sciences : Degree-granting institu¬ tions: Degrees conferred, by major sub¬ ject, IV: 62; enrollment, IV: 12-13. 38, 40, 46-51 ; non-degree-granting institu¬ tions: Enrollments, IV : 41. Attendance : City school systems, III : 11- 59 ; public day schools, 1 : 14-15 ; State school systems, II : 13, 26-27, 45-46 ; white and Negro schools, 1 : 71. See also Average daily attendance. Auxiliary enterprises, higher institutions, IV : 30-31, 64, 66, 68, 70-75. Auxiliary services : Negro public day schools, II : 77 ; State school systems, II : 26-27, 58-59. Average annual salaries : Instructional staff, public day schools, II : 7 ; principals, supervisors, and teachers, public day schools, 1 : 16-17 ; white and Negro in¬ structional staff, II : 71. Average cost per pupil transported, State school systems, II : 47-48. Average daily attendance, city school sys¬ tems, III : 3, 12-60 ; Negroes, State school systems, II : 43, 45-46, 67-70, 75 ; public day schools, II : 67 ; urban and rural pub¬ lic day schools, 1 : 12. Average length of term, Negro schools, 1 : 29. Average salary per member of instructional staff, State school systems, II : 60-61. Bachelors degrees, higher institutions, 1 : 25 ; IV : 17, 37, 39. Badger, Henry G., and Foster, Emery M. : Statistics of Higher Education, 1943-44, IV : 1-75. Balance on hand, State school systems, II : 49. Basic administrative units, State school sys¬ tems, II : 1, 18-19, 28-29. Blind : Expenditures for schools, 1 : 36 ; Fed¬ eral funds for books and supplies, 1 : 38. Blose, David T., and Foster, Emery M. : Sta¬ tistical Summary of Education, 1943—44, 1 : 1-40 ; Statistics of State School Sys¬ tems, 1943-44, II : 1-78. Boards of education, intermediate and local basic units, II : 16-17. Bonded indebtedness, city school districts, III : 8-9. Bonds outstanding, city school systems, III : 14-59. Books and supplies for blind, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Buildings : City school systems, III : 12-59 ; State school systems, II : 47—48, 62-63. Busses, State school systems, capital outlay, II : 62-63. Capital outlay : City school systems, III : 7, 11, 14-59 ; higher institutions, IV : 30, 34-35, 70-75 ; Negro full-time day schools, II : 78 ; State school systems, II : 62-63 ; urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Carpenters, printers, etc., number, public day schools, II : 24-25. City school districts, bonded indebtedness, III : 8-9. City school systems, statistics, III : 1-60. Civilian and military enrollments, higher in¬ stitutions, IV : 13. Classification of city school systems, III : 1. Clerical assistants, State school systems, sal¬ aries, II : 21-23, 55-57. Colleges : Graduates, 1 : 10 ; survival rates, 1 : 30-32. Colleges, universities, and professional schools, number, 1 : 3. Colleges of arts and sciences, enrollment, IV : 13. Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Commercial and business schools : Enroll¬ ment, 1:6; number of teachers, 1 : 28. Cooperative summary of personnel and at¬ tendance, public-school systems, III : 11. 817325 — 49 1 2 INDEX Correspondence courses, higher institutions, enrollments, IV : 6, 15, 58-59. Cost per pupil, average daily attendance, State school systems, II : 60-61, 75. County, city, and district governments, in¬ come, higher institutions, IV : 65, 67, 69. County farm, home demonstration, and club work, higher institutions, instructional staff, IV : 6. County units, by level of instruction, II : 18-19. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance, city school systems, III : 8, 11-60 ; higher institutions, IV : 33-34 ; State school systems, II : 10, 55-61 ; ur¬ ban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Current funds, higher institutions, IV : 19. Custodial employees, public day schools, II : 24-25. Deaf, expenditures for schools, 1 : 36. Debt service : Full-time day schools, II : 64- 65 ; Negro public schools, II : 78. Defense training, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Degree-granting institutions : Financial data, IV: 42-45; staff, IV: 39. Degrees : Higher institutions, 1 : 21, 23-25 ; IV : 3, 16-19, 37, 62 ; professional schools, IV: 63. Delinquents, expenditures for schools, 1 : 36. Dental examinations, elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, State school systems, II : 26-27. Dentists and dental hygienists, number, pub¬ lic day schools, II : 24-25. Distributive education : Enrollments, 1 : 39 ; Federal funds, 1 : 38. District of Columbia public schools, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Doctors degrees, higher institutions, 1 : 25 ; IV : 17, 37, 39. Earned degrees, higher institutions, IV : 16- 18. Educational and general finances, higher in¬ stitutions, IV : 22, 31-32. Educational attainment of population, I : 32^33. Elementary and kindergarten pupils, enroll¬ ment, full-time day schools, II : 35-36. Elementary and secondary schools : Enroll¬ ment, 1:9; sources of income, 1 : 35 ; sta¬ tistical summary, II : 1, 14-15 ; survival rates, 1 : 31. Elementary schools : Basic administrative units, II : 18-19 ; enrollment, 1 : 7-8 ; ex¬ penditures, 1 : 36 ; instructional staff and clerical assistants, II : 21-23 ; State school systems, II : 3-4, 26-27, 33-34, 47-48, 67, 70, 72-75. Emergency funds, 1 : 38. Endowment earnings, higher institutions, IV : 25, 65, 67, 69. Endowment funds, higher institutions, in¬ crease, IV : 64, 66, 68. Enrollment: Arts and sciences, professional schools, IV : 12-13 ; city school systems, III: 1-3, 5-6, 12-60; colleges, IV: 37; degree-granting institutions, IV : 40 ; ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, II : 71 ; full-time day schools, 1 : 4-10 ; III : 11 ; higher institutions, 1 : 20-23 ; IV : 1-3, 15- 16, 19, 38, 46-51, 58-59 ; junior colleges, 1 : 26-27 ; Negro secondary schools, 1 : 29 ; II : 71 : non-degree-granting institutions, IV : 41 : public and private higher insti¬ tutions, IV : 11-12 : public day schools, I : 14-15: II: 2-6, 14-15, 33-34, 37-39, 73-74 ; ratio to population and attendance, II : 5-6 ; State school systems, II : 13, 70, 72 ; urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Equipment, State school systems, II : 62-63. Exceptional children, residential schools, number, 1 : 3, 28 ; special classes, enroll¬ ment, 1 : 9. Expenditures : Full-time day schools, II : 64-65 ; higher institutions, 1 : 22 ; IV : 30- 35, 44-51, 70-75 ; Negro public day schools, 1 : 29 ; II : 77 ; public and private educa¬ tion, 1 : 36-38 ; public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1 : 18-19 ; II : 14-15 ; pub¬ lic funds for transportation, State school systems, II : 47-48 ; school lunch program, Federal funds, 1:38; State school systems, II : 10 ; summer, night, adult, part-time, and continuation schools, State school sys¬ tems, II : 31, 78 ; urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12 ; vocational education, I: 40. Expenditures per pupil : City school systems, 1 : 36-37 ; public day schools, 1 : 16-17. Expenses, part-time, night, summer, and adult education, city school systems, III : 11. Extension work, higher institutions, 1 : 26 ; IV : 6, 15, 52-59, 70-75. Federal expenditures for education, 1 : 37- 40 ; IV : 65, 67, 69. Federal oil and mineral royalties, 1 : 38. Federal reimbursements, State school sys¬ tems, II : 51-52. Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans, number of teachers, 1 : 28, 36. Finances : Higher institutions, 1 : 25-26 ; IV : 37, 42-45 ; public schools, 1 : 16-17 ; II : 8-12, 67-69. Fixed charges : City school systems, III : 12-69 ; State school systems, II : 60-61. Foster, Emery M., and Badger, Henry G. : Statistics of Higher Education, 1943-44, IV : 1-75 ; and Blose, David T. : Statisti¬ cal Summary of Education, 1943-44, I : 1-40 ; Statistics of State School Systems, 1943-44, II: 1-78; and Herlihy, Lester B. : Statistics of City School Systems, 1943-44, III : 1-60. Free textbooks, State school systems, ex¬ pense, II : 55-57. INDEX Fuel, light, power, and janitors’ supplies, cost, Negro public day schools, II : 77. Full-time day schools, enrollment, 1 : 4-10 ; per capita cost, II : 62-63. General control, State school systems, cur¬ rent expenses, II : 55-57. Gifts, amounts for education, 1 : 34-35. Gifts and grants, higher institutions, IV : 26-29. Government-contract courses, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 6, 16. Graduate enrollments : Higher institutions, IV : 12-13 ; professional schools, IV : 60. Graduates : High-school, 1 : 10-11 ; II : 5, 40-41, 70, 76 ; higher institutions, 1 : 23- 24 ; teacher-training curricula, IV : 61. Grounds, buildings, and improvements, higher institutions, value, IV : 35. Health employees, number, public day schools, II : 24-25. Health services, State school systems, II : 58-59. Herlihy, Lester B. and Foster, Emery M. : Statistics of City School Systems, 1943-44, III : 1-60. High schools : Enrollment, 1 : 7-8 ; II : 33- 35, 73-74; graduates, I: 10-11; II: 5, 70, 76. See also Secondary schools. Higher institutions : Enrollment, 1 : 5, 6, 20-23 ; IV : 58-59 ; expenditures, 1 : 36 ; IV : 70-75 ; financial data, IV : 42-45 ; in¬ come, 1 : 35 ; IV : 64-71 ; number of teach¬ ers, 1 : 28 ; IV : 46-57 ; statistics, IV : 1- 75 ; value of property, 1 : 39. Historical summary, higher institutions, IV : 37. Home economics : Enrollment, 1 : 39 : Federal funds, 1 : 38. Honorary degrees : Higher institutions, IV : 39 ; number conferred, III : 18-19. Howard University, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Income : For education, 1 : 34-35 ; higher in¬ stitutions, IV : 3, 19-30, 42-43, 54-71 ; State school systems, II : 50-52. Indebtedness : State school systems, II : 11- 12 ; urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Indians and Alaskans : Federal schools, number of teachers, 1 : 28. Instructional staff : City school systems, III : 12-60 ; higher institutions, IV : 2-3 ; State school systems, II : 7-8, 21-23, 55-57, 67- 70, 71, 75, 77 ; urban-rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Insurance, State school systems, II : 60-61. Interest on indebtedness : City school sys¬ tems, III : 9, 11, 14-59 ; State school sys¬ tems, II : 12, 78 ; urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Intermediate and local school systems, ad¬ ministration, II : 2, 16-17. Internal sources of income, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 24. Janitors, engineers, etc. : Public day schools, II : 24-25, 77. 3 Junior colleges : Enrollment, 1 : 26-27 ; IV : 2-3, 14, 16. Junior high schools, State school systems, II : 43-46, 67-68. Junior-senior high schools : State school sys¬ tems, II : 43-46, 68. Kindergartens : Negro enrollment, State school systems, II : 72-74. Kindergartens and elementary schools : En¬ rollments, 1 : 5-7 ; number of teachers, I : 28 ; State school systems, II : 37-39, 43-46. Laboratory equipment, furniture, and fix¬ tures, State school systems, capital out¬ lay, II : 62-63. Land, buildings, and equipment, educational institutions, value, 1 : 39. Land-grant colleges and universities, Fed¬ eral funds, 1 : 37-38. Length of school term : Public day schools, 1 : 14-15 ; State school systems, II : 6, 45- 46, 70, 71. Length of school year and days attended, city school systems, III : 3-4. Libraries : Higher institutions, expenditures, IV : 70-75 ; no statistics gathered, 1 : 40 ; State school systems, II : 26-27. Library books, State school systems, capital outlay, II : 62-63. Loan funds, higher institutions, IV : 19. Loans and bond sales, State school systems, nonrevenue receipts, II : 53-54. Loans to students, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Local administrative units, State school sys¬ tems, II : 28-29. Maintenance : Negro public day schools, II : 77 ; plant, State school systems, II : 58-59. Masters degrees, higher institutions, 1 : 25 ; IV : 17, 37, 39. Men graduates, Negro high schools, State school systems, II : 76. Men teachers : City school systems, III : 6 ; public day schools, II : 30 ; State school systems, II : 75. Men to women, ratio of staff members, higher institutions, IV : 6-8, 10-11. Mentally deficient, expenditures for schools, 1 : 36. National forest and grazing funds, 1 : 38. National Training School for Boys, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Negroes : Higher institutions, 1 : 29-30 ; pop¬ ulation, II : 71 : schools, number, 1 : 28-30 ; State school systems, II : 12-13, 70, 72-78. Non-degree-granting institutions, IV : 41 ; financial data, IV : 43, 45. Nonresident college enrollment, 1 : 20 : IV : 15, 58-59. Nonrevenue receipts, State school systems, II : 53-54. Normal schools, enrollment, IV : 14, 16. Nursing, number of schools, 1 : 3. Office of Education. See United States Office of Education. One-room schools, II : 10-11. 4 INDEX One-teacher elementary schools, State school systems, II : 47—48. One-teacher schools, decrease in number, I: 7. Operation of plant : Current expenses, State school systems, II : 58-59, 77. Organized research : Higher institutions, ex¬ penditures, IV : 52-57, 70-75. Organized school entries, by age, II : 32. Outstanding indebtedness : City school sys¬ tems, interest, III : 9 ; full-time day schools, II : 64-65. Panama Canal Zone, Federal funds for pub¬ lic schools, 1 : 38. Part-time, night, summer, and adult educa¬ tion : City school systems, III : 11 ; State school systems, II : 26-27. Per capita cost : City school systems, 1 : 36- 37 ; full-time day schools, II : 62-63. Per capita income, higher institutions, IV : 27-28. Periodic dental and physical expenditures, elementary and secondary schools, State school systems, II : 26-27. Permanent funds, educational institutions, 1 : 39. Personnel : City school systems, III : 18-59 ; State school systems, II : 1-2, 20, 31, 67- 69 ; urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. Philanthropic sources of income, higher in¬ stitutions, IV : 24. Physical and dental examinations, elemen¬ tary and secondary schools, State school systems, II : 26-27. Physical plant, higher institutions, income, IV : 64, 66, 68, 70-75. Physicians and nurses, number, public day schools, II : 24-25. Plant fund expenditures, higher institutions, IV : 19, 30, 34-35. Population : Educational attainment, 1 : 32- 33 ; Negro, II : 70 ; 1940 Census, III : 11 ; white and Negro, II : 71. Principals : City school systems, III : 14^57 ; State school systems, salaries, II : 21-23, 55-57, 75. Private commercial and business schools, number of teachers, 1 : 28. Private elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, 1 : 9. Private gifts and grants, higher institutions, IV : 26-28, 65, 67, 69. Private schools, number, 1 : 3. Privately controlled higher institutions : Ex¬ penditures, IV : 74-75 ; financial data, IV : 42-45 ; income, IV : 68-69 ; staff, IV : 50- 51, 56-57. Professional schools : Degrees conferred, IV : 63 ; enrollment, IV : 13, 39, 40, 41, 46- 51, 60. Promotion of health, cost, Negro public day schools, II : 77. Property : Higher institutions, 1 : 22 ; IV : 35 ; public, used for school purposes, value, II : 66 ; public-school, value, II : 10-11. Public and private higher institutions, en¬ rollment, IV : 11-12. Public and private institutions, expenditures, 1 : 36-38. Public day schools : Average daily attend¬ ance, II : 6 ; enrollment, II : 33-34, 73-74 ; expenditures, II : 77 ; financial data, 1 : 12- 17 ; health, transportation, custodial, and other employees, II : 24-25 ; length of school term in days, II : 6 ; staff, II : 7-8. Public elementary and secondary schools, sta¬ tistics, 1 : 18-19 ; II : 1, 14-15. Public funds, amount for education, I : 34-35. Public libraries under boards of education, State school systems, II : 58-59. Public schools : Finance, II : 8-12 ; number, 1:3; rural-urban, comparison, 1 : 11-12 ; value of property, 1 : 39. Public sources of income, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 24-26. Publicly controlled higher institutions : En¬ rollment, 1:5; expenditures, IV : 72-73 ; financial data, IV : 42-45 ; income, IV : 66-67 ; staff and enrollments, IV : 48-49, 54-55. Pupil-teacher ratio, city school systems, III : 4- 5. Pupil transportation, public day schools, II : 8, 47-48. Pupils : City school systems, III : 6 ; State school systems, II : 2-6, 35-36. Ratio of enrollment to population and at¬ tendance, II : 5-6. Ratio of men to women, higher institutions: Staff members, IV : 6-8 ; students, IV : 10-11. Receipts : From taxation and appropriation for the public-school systems, 1:35; higher institutions, 1 : 22 ; IV : 64-69 ; State school systems, II : 8-9, 49. Recreational and miscellaneous employees, number, public day schools, II : 24-25. Regular and vocational high schools, State school systems, personnel and financial data, II : 69. Rehabilitation and vocational education, Fed¬ eral funds, 1 : 38-39. Rent, State school systems, II : 60-61. Research work, higher institutions, instruc¬ tional staff, IV : 6. Resident college enrollments, 1 : 20-21, 30 ; IV : 1-3, 8-11, 15, 37-38, 40. Resident instruction, higher institutions, IV : 5- 6, 52-59, 70-75. Residential schools for exceptional children : Number, 1:3; number of teachers, 1 : 28 ; sources of income, 1 : 35. Retirement funds, State school systems, II : 11, 60-61. INDEX 5 Revenue receipts : Public day schools, 1 : 16- 19 ; II : 14-15 ; State school systems, II : 51-54. Salaries : City school systems, III : 11-60 ; State school systems, II : 55-57, 67-69, 77. Sales and services of organized activities, higher institutions, IV : 65, 67, 69. Sales of property and income adjustments, State school systems, receipts, II : 53-54. School buildings, number, city school sys¬ tems, III : 6, 11, 60. School census and pupils enrolled, public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, II : 35- 36, 42. School lunch program, Federal funds. 1 : 38. School property ; City school systems, value, III : 6-7, 14-60 ; urban and rural public day schools, estimated value, 1 : 12. School survival rates, 1 : 30-32. School term : Average length, 1 : 12, 28-29 ; length, public day schools, II : 6, 45-46. Schools for Indians and natives of Alaska, Federal funds, 1 : 38. Schools for Negroes, number, 1 : 28-30 ; State school systems, II : 12-13. Schools of nursing, number, 1 : 3. Secondary grades, basic administrative units, II : 18-19. Secondary pupils, enrollment, full-time day schools, II : 35-36. Secondary schools : Enrollment, 1 : 5, 6, 10 ; expenditures, 1 : 36 ; instructional staff and clerical assistants, II : 21-23 ; number of teachers, 1 : 28 ; State school systems, enrollment, II : 3-4, 26-27, 37-39, 47-48, 70, 72, 75 ; survival rates, 1 : 30-32. See also High schools. Senior high schools, State school systems, II : 43-46, 68. Short courses, higher institutions, IV : 15, 58-59. Sinking funds, public schools, 1 : 39. Sites and buildings, State school systems, capital outlay, II : 62-63. Sources of income for education, 1 : 34-35. Special classes : Elementary and secondary schools, II : 26-27 ; exceptional children, enrollment, 1 : 9. Special types of students, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 14-16. Specialization of graduates, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 62. Staff : City school systems, III : 11 ; higher institutions, 1 : 21, 23 ; IV : 3-8, 37-39, 41, 46-57 ; public day schools, II : 7-8. State and local boards of education, jurisdic¬ tion over public elementary and secondary education, II : 1. State Government, income of higher institu¬ tions, IV : 65, 67, 69. State marine schools, Federal funds, 1 : 38. State offices of education, II : 1-2, 20. State school systems : Selected data, 1 : 13- 19 ; statistics, II : 1-78. Statistical Summary of Education, 1943-44 (Blose and Foster), 1 : 1-40. Statistics of City School Systems, 1943-44 (Herlihy and Foster), III: 1-60. Statistics of Higher Education, 1943-44 (Badger and Foster), IV : 1-75. Statistics of State School Systems, 1943-44 (Blose and Foster) II : 1-78. Student fees, 1 : 34-35 ; higher institutions, IV : 25, 65, 67, 69. Student loan funds, higher institutions, I : 39 ; IV : 35, 64, 66, 68. Student loans, 1 : 38. Students : Graduated from teacher-training curricula, IV : 65 ; higher institutions, IV : 8-11, 14. Subcollegiate enrollments, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 15. Subsidies from educational foundations, State school systems, II : 5-54. Summer sessions, higher institutions, en¬ rollments, 1 : 20, 26 ; IV : 11-12, 15, 16, 38, 41, 46-57; instructional staff, IV: 6. Superintendents, city school systems, III : 14-59. Supervisors, city school systems, III : 5-6, 14-59 ; State school systems, II : 21-23, 55-57, 75. Teacher-pupil ratios, city school systems, III : 4-5. Teacher-retirement funds, State school sys¬ tems, II : 11. Teacher training, Federal funds, 1 : 38 ; stu¬ dent graduates, IV : 61. Teachers : City school systems, III : 6 ; num¬ ber, I: 27-28; II: 14-15; public-school systems, 1 : 18-19 ; State school systems, II: 7-8, 13, 21-23, 47-48, 55-57, 75: urban and rural public day schools, 1 : 12. 23, 47-48, 55-57, 75 ; urban and rural pub¬ lic day schools, 1 : 12. Teachers colleges : Enrollment, IV : 14, 16 ; expenditures, 1 : 36 ; financial data, IV : 42-45. Teachers’ salaries, Negro schools, 1 : 29. Teaching and supervisory staff, city school systems, III : 5-6. Teaching supplies, State school systems, ex¬ pense, II : 55-57. Textbooks, cost, Negro public day schools, II : 77. Trade and industry : Enrollments, 1 : 39 ; Federal funds, 1 : 38. Training schools, enrollment, IV : 58—59. Transportation employees, number, public day schools, II : 24-25. Transportation of pupils : Expenditures of public funds, II : 47-48 ; public day schools, II : 8, 77 ; State school systems, II : 26-27, 58-59. 6 INDEX Tuition, elementary and secondary schools, State school systems, II : 26-27. Undergraduates : Enrollment, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 13 ; professional schools, IV : 60. United States Military Academy, Federal funds, 1 : 38. United States Naval Academy, Federal funds. I: 38. United States Office of Education, Federal funds, 1 : 37-39. Universities, colleges, and professional schools : Enrollment, IV : 14, 16 ; finan¬ cial data, IV : 42-45. Urban and rural public schools, comparisons, 1 : 11-12. Value of school property, 1 : 39 ; city school systems, II : 6-7, 11, 14-60 ; public day schools, 1 : 16-17 ; State school systems, II : 10-11, 66, 78. Vehicles operated at public expense, State school systems, II : 47-48. Virgin Islands, Federal funds for schools, I : 38. Visiting teachers, elementary and secondary schools, State school systems, II : 26-27. Visual aids for war training, Federal funds, I: 38. Vocational defense training, secondary schools, 1 : 38. Vocational education : Federally aided, I : 39-40 ; State school systems, receipts, II : 51-54. Vocational education and rehabilitation, Fed¬ eral funds, 1 : 37-38. Vocational high schools, State school sys¬ tems, average daily attendance, II : 43-44, 69. Vocational rehabilitation, Federal funds, I : 38. Vocational schools : Enrollment, 1 : 39 ; State school systems, length of school term, II : 45-46. White population, II : 71. Women graduates, Negro high schools, State school systems, II : 76. Women to men : Staff members, ratio, higher institutions, IV : 6-8 ; students, ratio, higher institutions, IV : 10-11. O BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1943-44 CHAPTER I FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. Office of Education For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 15 cents BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1943-44 CHAPTER I By David T. Blose Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the Direction of Emery M. Foster Head , Reports and Analysis Section Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY — Watson B. Miller, Administrator U. S. Office of Education— John W. Studebaker, Commissioner CONTENTS Text Page Foreword _ iv Introduction _ 1 Number op Administrative Units _ 1 Enrollments _ 4 Elementary schools _ _ 6 High schools _ 7 Colleges and universities _ 9 Provisions for exceptional children _ 9 Private elementary and secondary schools _ 9 High-School Graduates _ 10 Urban and Rural Public Schools _ 11 Selected Data for State School Systems _ 13 Higher Education _ 20 Enrollment _ 20 Staff _ 23 Graduates _ 23 Finances _ 25 Summer session and extension and correspondence work _ 26 Junior colleges _ 26 Teachers _ 27 Schools for Negroes _ 28 School Survival Rates _ , _ 30 Educational Attainment of the Population _ 32 Sources of Income for Education _ 34 Expenditures for Public and Private Education _ 36 Expenditures per pupil in city school systems _ 36 Federal expenditures for education _ 37 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions. _ 39 Federally Aided Vocational Education _ 39 Libraries _ 40 Tables 1. Number of educational units in continental United States from which reports are requested, by type _ 2 2. Number of schools of specified types, by State _ 3 3. Decrease in one-teacher schools, 1929-30 to 1943-44 _ 4 4. Enrollment in full-time day schools, by level and by control, 1943-44 _ 5 5. Kindergarten, elementary, secondary, commercial, normal school, and college enrollments, 1889-90 to 1943-44 _ 6 6. Elementary school enrollment and population, 5-13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1943-44 _ 7 7. Estimated number of children 6 years of age, 1941-1952 _ 7 8. Enrollment, by grade, in public day schools for specified years _ 8 9. Secondary school enrollment and population, 14-17 years of age, 1889-90 to 1943-44 _ 10 n CONTENTS HI Payc 10. High-school and college graduates from publicly and privately con¬ trolled schools, 1930-1944 _ 10 11. Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools per 100 persons 17 years of age, 1869-70 to 1943-44 _ 11 12. Comparison of urban and rural public day schools, 1941-42 _ 12 13. Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios, and number of administrative units for public day schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 14 14. Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 16 15. Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1869-70 to 1943-44 - 18 16. Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1939-40, 1941-42, and 1943-44 _ 21 17. College enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889-90 to 1943-44 _ 23 18. Number of persons graduated from college per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1943-44 _ _ _ 24 19. Number of degrees granted by institutions of higher education, 1943-44 _ 25 20. Enrollment in summer session and in extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1943-44 _ 26 21. Number of junior colleges and their enrollment, 1919-20 to 1943-44 _ 27 22. Number of teachers in schools and colleges, by type of school and by sex, 1929-30 to 1943-44 _ . _ 28 23. Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 _ 29 24. Resident college enrollment of institutions for higher education of Negroes, by State and by sex, 1943-44 _ 3Q 25. Number surviving through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ 31 26. Number surviving per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated by grade or year _ 31 27. Number surviving per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in the years indicated by high-school year _ 31 28. Number surviving through college entrance and college graduation of 1,000 who graduated from high school _ 32 29. Number surviving through college per 1,000 enrolled at specific levels. _ 32 30. Educational attainment of the population 5 years of age and over, by age groups, 1940 _ 33 31. Biennial increase in income for education, by source, 1936-38 to 1942- 44 _ 34 32. Sources of income for education, 1943-44 _ i. - 35 33. Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system, by governmental source 1931-32 to 1943-44 _ 35 34. Expenditures, including capital outlay, for schools reporting, 1943-44. _ 36 35. Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 267 city school systems, 1943-44 _ 37 36. Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1943- 44 _ 37 37. Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1944 _ 39 38. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for vocational education, 1930-31 to 1943-44 _ 40 FOREWORD r | VHIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is -*■ a continuation of the series of periodic reports which have been prepared by the U. S. Office of Education since 1871. In this Summary, covering both public and private educa¬ tion from kindergarten through the university, have been brought together the basic data from the other chapters of the Biennial Survey to show in convenient form as complete a picture of education in the United States as is available from the statistical reports received in the U. S. Office of Education. Francis G. Cornell Chief , Research and Statistical Service . IV STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1943-44 THE AIM of this summary is to give an over-all picture of the information contained in the statistical publications of the U. S. Office of Education for the biennium ending June 30, 1944. Statis¬ tics of the United States Census Bureau are also used where they will add to the clarity of the statistics collected by the U. S. Office of Education. The summary gives information as to the number of schools, enrollment of students, number of instructional personnel, amount and source of financial support, amount and purpose of expenditures, holding power of the various levels of the school system, number of graduates at different levels, and much historical information for comparison over a period of time. Number of Administrative Units The number and classification of approximately 70,000 agencies or institutions to which questionnaires are sent are given in table 1. Some of these agencies give information on many dependent organi¬ zations. The reports of the 48 States, District of Columbia, and of outlying parts represent the combining of the separate reports of 111,415 public-school basic administrative units. During the bien¬ nium 1942-44 the U. S. Office of Education collected the usual biennial information from 5,089 school systems or institutions. Question¬ naires are sent to the other institutions every 4 years or more. These questionnaires are either returned by mail or collected by personal solicitation by field representatives of the Office. l 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 i TABLE 1 .-—Number of educational units in continental United States from which reports are requested , by type Type Number Grand total _ 1 69, 563 | Total requested to report in 1942-44 _ 5, 089 ,| States, the District of Columbia, and outlying parts _ 56 j City school systems _ 3, 291 Institutions of higher education _ 1, 742 : Total not requested to report in 1942-44 1 64, 474 County or other large school systems administering school units in cities 2 238 Public secondary schools _ 28, 973 Private elementary and secondary schools _ 13, 296 School libraries 3 _ 8, 203 Public libraries _ 7, 500 College libraries _ 1, 740 Private and special libraries _ 1, 500 i Schools of nursing _ 1, 300 j Residential schools for exceptional children _ 375 ! Private commercial schools _ 1, 349 j * Excluding the following types of schools, the number of which is not known and for which no general or periodic coverage is attempted: Private vocational and trade schools; private schools of art, music, dancing, dramatics (non-degree-granting), including individual instruction; private Bible schools not granting theological degrees; and private correspondence schools. * Includes 322 cities not maintaining separate school systems. * City and country school systems. Only one report is requested from each. These reports cover library service of more than 100,000 schools. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 TABLE 2. — Number of schools of specified types , by State State or District of Columbia Public schools (excluding kin¬ dergartens), 1943-44 Private schools, 1941-42 Colleges, uni¬ versities, and professional schools, 1943-44 Residential sphools for ex¬ ceptional chil¬ dren, 1939-40 Schools of nurs¬ ing,1 2 * 4 1942-43 Ele¬ men¬ tary Second¬ ary Ele¬ men¬ tary Second¬ ary Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . 169, 905 28, 973 10, 285 3,011 557 1, 140 281 94 1, 300 3, 925 1, 178 113 34 9 17 6 27 466 67 32 13 5 3 4 3, 894 719 61 16 12 11 5 9 California - - 2 4, 005 588 355 161 49 60 7 5 38 Colorado . . . - 1,955 358 85 33 10 7 5 1 14 Connecticut . . 808 136 209 68 5 19 4 3 18 Delaware _ _ --- 168 49 26 10 2 1 3 1 7 1,750 674 65 42 4 10 6 13 3' 613 1,402 41 23 18 35 6 17 1,012 ' 192 32 8 5 3 4 8 Illinois - - -- 11, 366 1,438 912 175 19 85 6 3 97 2, 598 936 318 39 6 35 5 28 Iowa - - 8', 982 981 339 125 16 33 6 2 28 5, 653 720 229 41 21 23 5 39 Kentucky - 5,785 907 194 73 10 28 5 1 16 Louisiana . . -- — 2,521 553 219 63 7 11 7 2 16 Maine - _ - _ 1,704 222 78 40 5 8 4 17 Maryland - 966 213 173 59 9 21 6 7 23 Massachusetts - 1,887 547 416 190 14 53 8 7 64 Michigan - - 3 8, 000 4 853 432 159 17 25 8 3 29 Minnesota. . . 6, 630 654 345 67 19 28 8 2 27 Mississippi ... . 4,280 665 46 25 19 14 4 36 Missouri.. - - 6, 675 832 442 74 18 39 8 3 30 Montana .. _ . 1,611 192 37 14 8 3 5 8 Nebraska . .. _ 5, 958 628 253 48 9 14 5 13 N evada - - - _ 211 46 1 1 1 New Hampshire 1, 584 139 66 39 3 6 2 14 New Jersey _ ... ... 1,594 330 374 119 8 25 6 3 44 New Mexico - _ _ 717 152 64 20 7 5 1 New York - 6, 671 1,190 1,120 330 24 85 10 19 108 North Carolina 3, 513 980 57 23 13 40 9 46 North Dakota _ 3, 787 449 54 20 10 2 4 16 Ohio _ _ - 4, 003 1,241 584 151 8 58 8 1 67 Oklahoma - 3,997 948 82 30 25 11 9 1 15 Oregon _ _ _ _ 1,376 272 73 30 5 15 5 10 Pennsylvania - 8, 579 1,272 903 228 16 87 7 19 123 Rhode Island . . 322 60 82 23 2 6 4 1 6 South Carolina _ _ 3, 594 491 25 13 7 26 6 20 South Dakota 4, 141 337 52 15 7 9 4 11 Tennessee _ _ 5,067 557 66 39 7 41 7 1 18 Texas .. . _ - 7, 175 2,580 350 88 40 44 10 40 Utah 376 160 9 7 4 6 4 6 Vermont _ _ _ .. 1,035 90 27 19 3 8 2 1 11 Virginia _ _ 3, 402 576 66 52 10 32 9 3 29 Washington _ _ _ 1, 158 365 111 47 13 11 6 24 West Virginia . . 4, 421 391 51 15 11 8 10 29 Wisconsin _ ... .. 5,733 505 563 68 11 27 6 2 24 Wyoming 1 1, 161 103 8 2 1 3 2 District of Columbia - 96 35 45 33 2 20 5 3 7 U. S. Service Schools * _ 3 3 1 Source — National League of Nursing Education. 2 Data for 1941-42. * Estimated. 4 Statistics for 1937-38. * U. S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn.; U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.; and U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. / 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 The number of one-teacher schools continues to decrease each succeeding biennium. Even under war conditions this decreasing tendency is more, in proportion to the total, than in previous years. Consolidated schools take over the duties of the discontinued one- teacher schools. TABLE 3. — Decrease in 1 -teacher schools , 1929-30 to 1943-44 Year 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44. Number of Percent de¬ 1 -teacher crease since schools 1919-80 _ 149, 282 . 143,390 -3. 9 _ 139, 166 -6. 8 _ 131, 101 -12. 2 . 121, 178 -18. 8 . 113,600 -23. 9 . 107,692 -27. 9 _ 96, 302 -35. 5 Enrollments Enrollments in full-time day educational institutions were more than 30.5 million pupils for the three bienniums which ended June 30, 1932, 1934, and 1936, but by 1943-44 had decreased to 27.2 million, and it is estimated that there will be a few less in 1944-45. The de¬ crease of 3.4 million from the peak enrollment is caused in elementary and to a considerable extent in high schools by falling birth rates. The decrease in college enrollments can be traced almost entirely to war conditions. TABLE 4. — Enrollment in full-time day schools 1 by level and by control , 1943-44 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 5 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 5.— Kindergarten, elementary , secondary , commercial , normal school , and college enrollments , 1889-90 to 1943-44 Type of school, by level 1889-90 1899-1900 1900-10 1919-20 1 2 2 4 6 Total kindergarten and elementary 14, 181, 415 16, 224, 784 18,457, 228 20, 864, 488 Kindergartens: Public . . . . . . i 15, 145 » 16, 082 12, 504, 373 1, 645, 815 131, 657 93, 737 14, 852, 202 1, 147, 188 3 293, 970 3 52, 219 16, 604, 821 1, 506, 218 481, 266 29,683 18, 897, 661 1, 455, 878 Private . . . . Elementary: Public . . . . . . ... Private . . . . Total secondary. . . . 357, 813 695, 903 1, 111, 393 2, 495, 676 Public high schools 3 . 202, 963 94, 931 51, 749 8,170 519, 251 110, 797 56, 285 9, 570 915, 061 117, 400 66, 042 12, 890 2, 200, 389 213, 920 59, 309 22, 058 Private high schools 3 . . . . . Preparatory departments of colleges . . . Secondary grades in training schools . Total higher education _ _ 156, 756 237, 592 355, 215 597, 880 Normal schools and teachers colleges. _ 34, 814 121, 942 69, 593 167, 999 88, 561 266, 654 135, 435 462, 445 Colleges, universities, and professional schools. . Private commercial and business schools (day and evening) _ _ 78,920 91, 549 155, 244 335, 161 Type of school, by level 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 6 7 8 9 Total kindergarten and elementary schools _ _ _ _ _ _ 23, 588, 479 4 21, 044, 924 4 20, 356, 500 « 19, 829, 900 Kindergartens: Public . .. .. ... _ 723, 443 54, 456 20, 555, 150 2, 255, 430 594,647 57,341 18, 286, 906 2, 106, 030 3 625, 783 3 57, 341 17, 588, 723 2, 084, 653 697, 468 3 57, 341 17, 053, 473 « 2, 021, 618 Private . . . Elementary: Public . . . . . Private . . . . . Total secondary _ .. 4, 799, 867 7 7, 113, 282 7 6, 923, 538 7 6, 020, 890 Public high schools 3. _ _ _ _ 4, 399, 422 * 341, 158 47,309 11, 978 6, 601, 444 457, 768 33, 091 20,979 6, 387, 805 483, 195 39, 077 13, 461 5, 553, 520 3 420, 961 25, 587 20, 822 Private high schools 3 . _ Preparatory departments of colleges Secondary grades in training schools _ Total higher education _ . 1, 100, 737 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 » 877, 517 Normal schools and teachers colleges 176, 462 924, 275 177, 045 1, 317, 158 144, 945 1, 259, 045 74, 379 803, 138 Colleges, universities, and professional schools.. Private commercial and business schools (day and evening) _ _ »® 179, 756 Ji 634, 546 u 488, 112 ii 488, 112 1 Data for 1887-88; distribution by public and private control estimated. 3 Data for 1911-12. 2 Data from high-school reports through 1919-20; since 1919-20 from Statistics of State School Systems. 4 Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 8 Data for 1939-40. ® Figure estimated on basis of decrease in public schools. 7 Does not include 9,727 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. ‘Data for 1927-28. • Does not include 277,755 full-time regular session military students. « Data for 1928-29. 11 Estimated on the basis of a study made by the War Emergency Council of Private Business Schools. Elementary Schools Enrollment in elementary schools was greatest in the year 1929-30 when it reached 23,588,479 (table 5). Elementary enrollment had STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 decreased to 19,829,900 by 1943-44, a loss of 3,758,579, or 15.9 percent. It is estimated that this decreasing tendency will continue for another year after which we may expect a continued increase until in 10 years we may expect the enrollment in elementary schools to equal that of 1929-30. Nearly all of these decreases can be ascribed to falling birth rates in the later 1920’s and 1930’s. War conditions did not greatly affect elementary enrollments. TABLE 6. — Elementary school enrollment and population , 5-13 years of age , 1889-90 to 1943-44 Year Enrollment Population 5-13 years of age Number Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 Number Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 * 2 3 4 5 1889-90 _ _ 14, 181, 415 13, 188, 548 1899-1900 _ 16, 224, 784 14.4 15, 385, 793 16.7 1609-10 _ 18, 457, 228 30.2 17, 019, 650 29.0 1919-20. _ _ _ 20, 864, 488 47.1 19, 992, 947 51.6 1929-30 _ 23, 588, 479 66.3 22, 230, 101 68.6 1939-40 _ i 21,044, 924 48.4 20, 024, 827 51.8 1941-42 _ i 20, 356, 500 43.5 * 19,433,311 47.3 1943-44 _ 1 19, 829, 900 39.8 2 19, 101, 108 44.8 1 Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. Data for such schools are not available for earlier years. J Estimated. TABLE 7. — Estimated number of children 6 years of age , 1941-52 1 Year Number Year Number Year Number 1 8 i 2 i 2 1941 2, 027, 846 2, 018, 140 2, 073, 230 2, 151, 917 1945 . — 2, 131, 805 2, 221, 017 2, 365, 009 2, 643, 125 1949. . . . . 2, 761, 557 2, 629, 767 2, 581, 967 2, 922, 850 1942 1946 ... 1950. . . . 1943 1947 1951 _ 1944 1948 1952... 1 U. S. Census, Life and Acturial Tables, 1939-41; U. S. Summary of Vital Statistics, 1944; and estimated number of births for 1945 and 1946. High Schools The decrease in high-school enrollments was due somewhat to lowering birth rates, but the continued tendency of a greater per¬ centage of pupils of high-school age to enter the high-school grades partially counteracts falling birth rates. The great factors in de¬ creasing high-school enrollments were war service and industry. It is estimated that high-school enrollment will be less in 1945, after which time small increases may be expected until 1952 when rapid increases may be expected due to the increased birth rates of the war and post war period. TABLE 8. — Enrollment by grade in public day schools for specified years 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION , 1942-44 1943-44 •o © CD g e* «T N 17, 713, 096 5, 553, 520 697,468 2, 878, 843 2, 220, 739 2, 162, 878 2, 079, 788 2, 016, 635 1, 997, 806 1, 964, 997 1, 693, 942 1,774,593 1, 519, 638 1, 230, 168 3 1, 009, 611 19, 510 100.0 coc^o$o>coo6o6o6t^t^o»c^ > 1942-43 CD J5 18, 033, 080 6, 122, 066 664, 915 2, 919, 242 2, 228, 945 2, 179, 843 2, 148, 889 2, 101, 723 2, 071, 396 2,022,880 1, 695, 247 1, 897, 750 1, 653, 586 3 1, 374, 470 1, 170, 319 25, 941 © © o OOHWOOiNtO^OOCONCOH cs o> oo oo oo o6 cd 1941-42 a 24, 562,473 18, 174, 668 6, 387, 805 625, 783 2, 930, 762 2, 215, 100 2, 175, 245 2, 196, 732 2, 166, 018 2, 124, 494 2, 060, 752 1, 679, 782 1, 927, 040 * 1, 705, 746 1, 450, 788 1, 273, 141 31, 090 100.0 CO05O04O>00h-*^000i0J0>0ii-< 1-H c> GO 00 00 00 oo a>05o6o6o6cot^cd»d^ 1937-38 r* ao © w 19,748,174 6, 226, 934 607, 034 3,317,144 2,486,550 2,444,381 2, 402, 617 2, 342, 428 3 2, 252, 722 2,173,173 1, 722, 125 1,979,379 1, 669, 281 1, 379, 398 1, 150, 506 48, 370 0*001 csi © © © © oo oo to ^ 1936-37 e* © to w 20, 070, 368 6, 100, 735 606, 893 3, 423, 735 2, 522, 070 2, 484, 558 2, 450, 679 3 2, 387, 710 2, 286, 096 2, 177, 580 1, 731, 047 1, 974, 726 1, 644, 571 1, 314, 404 1, 107, 487 59, 547 100.0 *Oi-Ht^©co csi co © 05 © © ad ao cd ^ ^ ! l 1934-35 CD CD ©* O CD «* 20,578,799 5, 821, 847 604, 264 3,623,589 2, 594, 659 3 2, 568, 491 2, 535, 875 2, 433, 216 2, 303, 760 2, 184, 553 1, 730, 392 1, 912, 549 1, 580, 058 1, 229, 295 1, 034, 922 65, 023 100.0 cor^oor^coc^t^eotoe*©*^©^ cseo©©©©o6ao O occd cd StoiONN oo oo t— t— co ao r-- eco r^Ttjoor— State, District of Columbia, or outlying part - Continental United States . . Alabama . . . Arizona _ _ _ _ Arkansas . . . . California _ _ Colorado _ _ .. _ _ Connecticut. _ _ Delaware _ _ Florida _ _ _ _ _ Georgia _ _ _ Idaho _ Illinois. _ _ . _ Indiana. .. _ _ _ Iowa ... _ _ Kansas . Kentucky _ Louisiana . Maine.... _ _ Maryland _ _ _ _ Massachusetts _ _ Michigan _ Minnesota. Mississippi _ _ _ Missouri... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Montana _ _ _ _ _ _ ... Nebraska _ _ _ _ _ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 TABLE 14. — Financial data for public day schools , by State , 1943-44 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 Ellas glass USal 111 § om © © © 03 ^ rf O Tji ^ 2. 27 6. 55 1.71 2. 82 3. 68 1.59 1.09 2. 16 2. 10 1.07 3. 48 3. 10 3. 16 2. 25 5.76 3. 30 2. 68 7. 45 1.53 $0.91 1.60 1.26 3.31 .24 2. 97 4.32 5. 12 2. 30 2. 71 12. 55 12.17 2. 32 2. 79 .54 5. 75 2. 46 .91 1.17 1.99 1.07 .66 .54 0 65. 16 118. 88 124. 86 88. 71 132. 96 131.14 148. 87 58. 22 130. 82 62. 21 88.15 111.87 111.97 75. 30 146. 57 93.06 127. 31 150. 17 161. 73 e* | o 9* 212.79 142. 14 77. 35 40. 09 60. 09 SSSSg ggggg 2 ecooj^oo 0500JHO cor^^coo o HH 0 t" «fi 1SNO odd ’ " ed ooddd 'oodcd cd «d O H H ^ CO r-H 0 4.9 0 69.9 16.7 33.8 43.2 28.2 26.7 9.0 63.7 11.3 35.7 47.0 46.5 14.2 40.5 63.0 55.7 25.3 21.4 0 100.0 89.7 82.1 4.2 .6 1.9 2.1 .6 .5 .7 1.5 1.1 1.6 17 1.4 1.4 3.4 .7 .8 8.7 10.5 ^ CO o *o CO* I 98 35 I I •s TABLE 15.— Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1869-70 to i! 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 1943-44 3 138. 083, 449 28, 930, 000 23, 266, 616 5, 553, 520 19, 602, 772 3, 440, 876, 724 827, 990 126, 672 701, 318 209, 309 $7, 928, 129, 584 | ! 1 i sC 24, 984, 047 1, 646, 498, 185 831,968, 626 100, 871, 569 i|| s i\ 53. 856, 462 1, 551, 275, 675 847, 448, 899 21.0 16.9 f 5 O 134, 656, 078 29, 183/560 24, 562, 473 6, 387, 805 21, 031, 322 3, 673, 423, 307 1 1 183, 194 675, 694 222, 660 $7,801,417, 202 8 8 55 i s 27, 146, 338 1, 562, 947, 223 742, 275, 913 84, 210, 095 i 8 8 !ss 137, 552,326 1, 435, 407, 195 749, 738, 167 21.7 18.2 1939-40 131, 891, 632 29, 805, 259 25, 433, 542 6, 601, 444 22, 042, 151 3, 858, 012, 335 875,477 Ks si 226, 762 $7, 635. 112,546 II 23, 104, 293 1, 490, 424, 784 658, 983, 264 88, 014, 704 s i 3 8 257, 973, 601 1, 369, 510, 172 716, 565, 154 22.6 19.3 3 i GO 122, 775, 046 31, 571, 322 25, 678, 015 4, 399, 422 21,264, 886 3, 672, 765, 005 854,263 SI ss 247, 289 $6, 211,327, 040 ,1 S[ 3 i 1 sC! 27, 516, 517 1, 645, 687, 651 329, 312, 434 86, 040, 235 i ( i sC 370, 877, 969 1, 295, 201, 424 650, 710, 991 25.7 20.9 1919-20 105, 710, 620 27, 728, 788 21, 578, 316 2, 200, 389 16, 150, 035 2, 615, 161, 151 8 is *< 271,319 $2, 409, 719, 120 1! 8 1 s' 1 « 26, 036, 098 758. 896, 551 134, 278, 753 50, 908, 896 8 i — T 153, 542, 852 613, 404, 578 269, 203, 779 26.2 20.4 o 1 CO 91, 972, 266 24, 239, 948 17, 813, 852 3 915, 061 12, 827, 307 2, 011, 477, 065 o £ 8 38 oci 1 £2 ^ iO ig i II I i j 1 14, 096, 555 312, 221, 58? 64, 604, 701 42, 140, 859 3 i 1 69, 978, 370 253, 915, 170 102, 356, 894 26.4 19.4 1899-1900 - 75, 602, 515 21, 404, 322 15, 503, 110 3 519, 251 10, 632, 772 1. 534, 822, 633 8 tf 15 Si 248, 279 $550, 069, 217 ! 1 ! if 1 9, 152, 274 149, 486, 845 37, 886, 740 23, 240, 130 2 CD I I 35, 450, 820 137, 687, 746 41, 826, 052 28.3 20.5 1889-90 62, 622, 250 18, 543, 201 12, 722, 631 3 202, 963 8, 153, 635 1, 098, 232, 725 8 1 125, 525 238, 397 224. 526 $342,531,791 $143,194,806 7, 744, 765 97, 222, 426 26, 345, 323 11.882, 292 3 S 1 26, 207, 041 91, 836, 484 22,' 463, 190 29.6 20.3 1879-80 w 50, 155, 783 15, 065, 767 9, 867, 395 3 110, 277 6, 144, 143 800, 719, 970 § t 122, 795 163, 798 178, 122 $209, 571, 718 | | 1 I 55, 942, 972 30.1 19.7 1869-70 CM 38, 558, 371 12, 055, 443 6, 871, 522 2 3 go, 227 4, 077, 347 539, 053, 423 200,515 77, 529 122, 986 1 Si Si | g : c/* i i i 37, 832, 566 31.3 17.8 I - A —General statistics Total population 1 _ _ Children 5-17 years of age, inclusive Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) . . Pupils enrolled in public, high schools- . Average daily attendance _ Total number of days attended by all pupils . . . Total teachers _ Men . . . . _ . . Women . . . ! >, ft 11 11 ll • B.— Financial statistics Total revenue receipts _ Income from permanent funds and ( lands County and local taxes and appropria¬ tions _ ... State taxes and appropriations _ All other sources Total expenditures . Sites, buildings, furniture, libraries, and apparatus _ _ Salaries of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers.. . All other purposes C .—Derived statistics Percent school population is of total population... . Percent of total population enrolled.. - 19 ^STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 Higher Education Enrollment Many changes in the composition of the student body and work done by colleges and universities have come due to war requirements. The number of men students enrolled in full-time regular-session courses had decreased from 893,250 in 1939-40 to 308,914 in 1943-44. During the same period women students decreased from 600,953 to 568,603 students. Full-time enlisted personnel, not included above, doing regular college work numbered 270,034 men and 7,721 women. In addition to all of these there were 57,677 civilian and 529,364 military students who did full-time work in short courses of less than 1 year’s duration. Additional students not usually included when speaking of regular college students were: Resident subcollegiate enrollments: Elementary pupils (kindergarten to eighth grade) _ 46, 474 Secondary (ninth to twelfth grades) — Preparatory _ 25, 587 Teacher-training institutions _ 20, 822 Individual enrollments _ 32, 296 Nonresident college enrollments: Collegiate _ 244, 842 Noncollegiate _ 98, 496 Summer session: Civilian _ 376, 334 Military _ 102, 992 The sum of the students enrolled in each of the foregoing groups would not represent the exact total number of different students attending college since many of the civilian and military students often registered for more than one short course. Many summer students also register for the regular term. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 TABLE 16. — Summary data for institutions of higher education;, 1939— 40^ 1941-42 , and 1943-44 Item 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 Number of institutions on mailing list _ 1,751 1,769 1, 742 A. Staff, students, and degrees : Number reporting staff, students, and degrees. . StafE (full-time equivalent) : 1 Total _ 1,708 1,720 1,650 131, 552 134, 137 134, 451 Men _ _ 94,536 37, 016 96, 251 37, 886 93, 794 40, 657 Resident college enrollment: Regular session only ... . . . 2 1,494,203 1,403,990 877, 517 Men _ .. 2 893, 250 600, 953 818, 559 585, 431 308, 914 568, 603 Women _ _ 456, 679 426, 849 376, 334 Men... . . _ 185, 277 271, 402 171, 795 255, 054 133, 881 242, 453 Third week of fall term (men and wom¬ en) 3 . _ _ 1,364,815 417, 550 1, 180, 365 379, 070 733, 190 251,071 Students enrolled for first time (men and women) _ _ Arts and sciences: Undergraduate _ _ . 744, 827 719, 054 610,617 Men.. _ .. _ 406, 556 338, 271 379. 454 339, 600 255, 235 355, 382 Women _ _ _ Graduate _ .. . 54, 584 45, 175 28,117 Men _ _ 33, 711 20, 873 27,000 18, 175 13,923 14, 194 Women _ _ _ _ . Professional schools: Undergraduate _ _ Men _ Women... 648,999 596, 194 489, 243 424, 487 222, 512 383, 988 212, 206 290. 934 198, 309 Graduate _ _ _ . 51, 535 40,206 31, 114 Men.. _ _ _ _ 33,917 17, 618 26, 220 13, 986 17, 137 13, 977 Women _ _ Degrees: Bachelor’s (including first professional) Men _ _ 186, 500 185,346 125,875 109, 829 76, 671 103, 889 81, 457 55. 876 69,999 Women. _ _ Master’s _ _ _ _ 26, 731 24, 648 13, 414 Men _ _ _ 16, 508 10, 223 14, 179 10, 469 5,711 7,703 Women _ _ _ Doctor’s _ _ _ _ _ 3,290 1 3,497 2. 305 Men _ _ _ _ _ 2,861 429 3,036 461 1,880 425 Women _ Honorary (men and women) _ 1,452 | 1,619 1,292 Footnotes at end of table. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 2-44 TABLE 16.— Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1939-40 , 1941-42 , and 1943-44 — Continued Item 1 1 199-10 1 1941 --42 1943 44 < 2 3 4 B. Receipts: 1,609 1,628 1,563 Receipts specifically designated for additions to: Physical plant., ... _ _ .... . $66, 208, 774 38, 688, 220 2, 305, 870 1, 043, 057 2. 480, 537 $30, 096, 440 32, 818, 316 1, 670, 196 1, 792, 067 2, 229, 872 $22, 586, 984 59, 990, 791 2,451,404 2, 022, 007 5, 224, 102 Endowment funds. . . . . Other nonexpendable funds _ _ _ Educational and general * _ _ ..... _ 571,288,116 626, 295, 821 863, 653, 882 200, 896, 617 71, 304, 241 38, 859, 955 151, 222, 535 24, 392, 256 40, 452, 846 32, 776, 630 11, 383, 036 201, 364, 783 74, 074, 813 58, 231, 545 166, 531, 881 27, 057. 483 45, 916, 372 40, 308, 019 12, 810, 925 154, 485, 024 75, 195, 922 308, 163, 199 175,168, 554 26, 448, 656 50, 449, 232 53, 576, 346 20, 166, 949 Counfy, city, and district governments _ Sales and services of organized actitivies _ Miscellaneous and unitemized sources _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ 143, 923, 145 157, 424, 398 183, 643, 547 C. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures . . 1,609 1,628 1, 563 Educational and general: Administration and general expense _ $62, 826, 835 280, 247, 703 27, 266, 103 19, 487, 079 69, 611, 807 27, 224,769 $66, 968, 127 298, 557, 519 34, 286, 841 19, 762, 502 72, 594, 486 37, 770, 717 $69, 668, 093 334, 188, 458 58, 456, 027 20, 452, 395 81,200,663 48, 414, 985 Resident instruction _ Organized research _ _ _ _ Libraries . . . . . Physical plant operation and maintenance. . Organized activities related to instruction... Subtotal.!. _ _ _ _ 486, 664, 296 35, 325, 461 529, 940, 192 42, 525, 245 612,380,621 44, 421, 198 Extension _ Total educational and general expendi¬ tures _ _ _ _ 521, 989, 757 572, 465, 437 656, 801,819 Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ _ 124, 184, 299 28, 514, 329 83, 764, 961 137, 327, 911 28, 375, 432 50, 201, 751 199,344,036 20, 928, 193 27, 427, 134 Other nonedueational expenditures _ _ Capital outlay _ _ _ D. Property: Number reporting property _ 1,440 (*) (*) Total . . . . $4, 518, 383, 918 1 (i * * * 5 *) (s) Endowment funds ®. . . . 1, 686, 282, 767 49, 536, 799 28, 784, 189 2,303,302, 488 450, 477, 675 (*) (4) (4) (4) (4) (*) (4) (4) (4) (4) Annuity funds.. _ _ Student loan funds . . . . . Grounds, buildings, and improvements 7 _ Equipment... . . . . i Administrative and instructional. * Revised since original publication. * Estimated for institutions not reporting this item. * Excluding receipts specially designated for physical plant and n ^expendable funds. * Data not tabulated. * Including funds temporarily functioning as endowments. 7 Including unexpended plant funds. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 TABLE 11 .-—College enrollment and population 18-21 years of age , 1889-90 to 1943-44 Year Enrollment Population 18-21 years of age Number enrolled per 100 persons 18-21 years of age Number Percent increase since 1889-90 Number Percent increase since 1889-90 > 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 _ _ _ - . 156, 756 5,151.067 3 1899-1900 . . 237, 592 51.6 5, 830. 765 15.1 4 1909-10 _ _ 355, 215 126.6 7, 335, 453 42.4 5 1919-20 _ 597, 857 281.4 7, 343, 794 42.6 8 1929-30 _ _ - 1, 100, 737 602.2 9, 026, 741 75.2 12 1939-40 _ _ — _ - 1, 484, 203 853.2 9, 753, 537 89.3 15 1941-42 . . 1, 403. 990 795.7 i 9, 873, 777 91.7 14 1943-44 . . . - . . 2 877, 517 459.8 i 9, 653, 637 87.4 9 i Estimated. * Does not include 277,755 full-time regular session military students. Staff The full-time equivalent of the total number of personnel, including all professional administrative and instructional staff, increased from 131,552 in 1939-40 to 134,137 in 1941-42 and to 134,451 in 1943-44. Equivalent full- tune personnel is arrived at by reducing all part-time employees to the equivalent of full-time employment and adding this to the number of full-time employees. This staff had to handle not only the usual courses for the regular-session civilian students, but all the work for the military students and much special research. College Graduates The number of persons receiving their bachelor’s or first professional degree in 1879-80 represented 1 percent of the population of graduat¬ ing age. By 1939-40 about 8 percent of those of graduating age were graduating. The number graduating in 1943-44 was less again, but this was a temporary condition brought about by the war. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 18. — Number of persons graduated from college per 100 persons 21 years of age , 1869-70 to 1943-44 Year Number graduated from college 1 Number of persons 21 years of age 2 Number graduated per 100 persons 21 years of age 1 2 3 4 1869-70 . . . . . 9,371 725, 000 1.3 1879-89 _ _ _ _ - . - 10, 353 998, 964 1*0 1889-90 _ _ _ _ 14, 306 1, 246, 876 1* i 1899-1 g00 _ 25, 324 1, 426, 849 1*8 1909-10 — _ _ _ _ - . 34, 178 1, 789, 404 1.9 1919-20 . _ _ - . . 48, 622 1,821,712 2. 7 1929-30 . . 122, 484 2,211,031 6. 5 1939-40 _ 186, 500 2. 367, 661 7. 9 1941-42 _ _ _ 185, 346 3 2, 384, 332 7 8 1943-44 _ _ 125, 875 3 2, 425, 954 6.2 > Bachelor’s and first professional degrees only. 2 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 3 Estimated. The number of college degrees granted at different levels has been considerably affected by war conditions. The number of bachelor’s degrees had reached the highest point in 1939-40 when there were 109,829 granted to men and 76,671 to women, or a total of 186,500. There was a slight decrease in men graduates in 1941-42, and by 1943-44 the number of graduates had decreased to 55,876 men and 69,999 women, or a total of 125,875. There were 16,508 men and 10,223 women, or a total of 26,731, granted master’s decrees in 1939-40. This number had decreased to 5,71 1 men and 7,703 women, or a total of 13,414, in 1943-44 who received a master’s degree. Doctor’s degrees granted decreased from 2,861 men and 429 women, or a total of 3,290, during 1939-40 to 1,880 men and 425 women in 1943-44. Honorary degrees numbered 1,452 in 1939-40. They increased to 1,619 in 1941-42, but decreased again to 1,292 in 1943-44. Of the 125,875 bachelor’s and first professional degrees granted in 1943-44, 65,758, or 52 percent, were given by professional schools (table 19). Of the 60,117 degrees granted by arts and science schools, 14,478, or 24 percent, were in some professional field. The largest number of bachelor’s or first professional degrees granted in any field by professional schools or by schools of arts and sciences was in educa¬ tion which accounted for 21 percent of the total number of first degrees conferred. In spite of the fact that about one-fourth of the entire population is studying daily under the direction of educators, fewer students are taking educational courses. During the year 1939-40, with nearly 50 percent more firsDdegree graduates, 24 percent of this total graduated from educational courses. This means that STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 although there will be increases in enrollments in the next few years, there were only 60 percent as many persons graduating in teacher- training courses in 1943-44 as before the war in 1939-40. TABLE 19.— Number of degrees granted by institutions of higher education, 1943-44 Bachelor’s degrees Field Professional schools Schools of arts and sciences Master’s degrees Doctor’s degrees • 2 3 4 5 Grand total . .. - _ _ _ 65, 758 60,117 13,414 2,305 Arts and sciences _ _ .. _ _ _ 45, 639 » 14, 478 5,701 * 7, 713 1, 465 1 840 Professions _ _ 65, 758 Agriculture _ _ _ 1, 100 71 184 95 Architecture . . . . . 223 46 6 Commerce _ _ _ _ 5,383 2,265 22, 223 12, 165 487 2,767 262 25 Dentistry _ - . . 92 Education _ _ _ _ _ 4, 276 620 5,108 681 359 Engineering . . . .. 81 Fine arts - _ - _ _ _ 1, 255 122 2 Forestry . _ _ _ 81 12 Home economics. .. _ _ _ _ _ 3, 856 2,796 48 145 2 Industrial arts Journalism _ _ 386 511 18 Law _ _ _ _ 1,394 43 24 Library science 599 255 25 Medicine _ .. _ _ 5, 678 1, 045 786 134 40 Music _ _ . . . . 1, 474 320 8 Nursing _ _ 405 67 Fharmacy . . _ _ 1, 202 1, 837 670 22 7 Theology _ _ _ . _ 271 94 Veterinary medicine _ _ . .. .. 5 Other 4, 378 156 97 1 Majors in professional fields in schools of arts and sciences. * Granted by professional schools only. Finances The receipts of colleges and universities may be classified as follows : 1. Funds specifically designated for additions to plant and permanent funds. 2. Funds to be used for the educational activities of the institution. 3. Funds for auxiliary enterprises and activities. The U. S. Office of Education does not receive information as to balances carried forward from the previous year nor as to interfund transfers. For this reason it is possible for the reported expenditures to be greater than the income for any 1 year. The first class of funds, which includes those for addition to the physical plant and to endowments, totaled $110,726,458 in 1939-40, $68,606,891 in 1941-42, and $92,275,288 in 1943-44, showing the effect of war conditions. In 1939-40 about 60 percent of receipts for all types of unexpendable funds was for additions to the physical plant 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 and only 35 percent for endowments; while in 1943-44, 24 percent was for plant extension and 65 percent was for endowment. The second class of funds, which includes receipts to carry on the educational and general function of the institutions, was: $571,288,116 in 1939-40, $626,295,821 in 1941-42, and $863,653,882 in 1943-44. Summer-Session and Extension and Correspondence Work There were 376,334 nonmilitary and 102,992 military students in the regular summer schools. If we include military students, the enrollment in the summer of 1943 was the greatest for any year. Enrollments of 244,842 collegiate and 98,496 noncollegiate students in extension and correspondence courses are somewhat less than in past years (table 20). TABLE 20. — Enrollment in summer -session and in extension and corre¬ spondence work in institutions of higher education , 1919-20 to 1943-44 Year Enrollment Year Enrollment Summer session 1 Extension and cor¬ respond¬ ence work 3 Summer session 1 Extension and corre¬ spondence work Collegiate Noncol¬ legiate • 2 3 « 2 3 4 1919-20. . . . 132, 489 220, 311 278, 125 340, 461 382, 776 388, 006 101, 662 155, 163 194, 147 324, 819 360, 246 354, 133 1931-32 _ 414, 260 303, 754 370, 026 429, 864 456, 679 426, 849 3 376, 334 265, 265 208, 507 251, 469 295, 351 292, 236 278, 554 244,842 174, 921 45, 484 46, 452 75, 822 70, 145 83,833 98, 496 1921-22 1933-34.. . . 1923-24 1935-36 1925-20 _ 1937-38. . 1927-28. _ _ 1939-40.. . . 1929-30 1941-42 . . 1943-44 . 1 For odd years. 3 Break-down by level not available before 1931-32. 3 Does not include 102,992 military students. Junior Colleges The increase in the number of junior colleges and their enrollments attests to the popularity and usefulness of these institutions. This is especially true of the public junior college of which 10 were reported in 1919-20, with an enrollment of 2,940. This number had increased to more than 200 institutions with more than 100,000 students in the early 1940’s. Due to war causes, enrollments in these public junior colleges had decreased by the year 1943-44, but the popularity of these institutions in home localities and their service to many young people who could not otherwise receive an education will bring about greatly increased postwar enrollments. In addition to the regular work of these public junior colleges there are many special STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 day and evening classes. California alone in 1941-42 gave instruction to more than 90,000 students in these special classes. There were 42 private junior colleges with an enrollment of 5,162 in 1919-20, about 76 percent more than in public junior colleges. However, for the last three periods, 1939-40, 1941-42, and 1943-44 the enrollment in private junior colleges has averaged only 439 to 50 percent of the public junior college enrollment. TABLE 21. — Number of junior colleges and their enrollment , 1919-20 to 1943-44 Year Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1919-20 . . 52 8, 102 10 2, 940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ _ _ _ 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24- . . . . 132 20, 559 39 9,240 93 11, 319 1935-26 _ _ _ _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 _ _ 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16, 418 1929-30 . . . . . 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32 _ _ 342 85, 063 159 58, 887 183 26, 176 1933-34 _ _ 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36 _ _ 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 1937-38 . . . . . 453 121,510 209 82, 041 244 39, 469 1939-40 . . . . 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941-42 . . . . 461 141,272 231 100, 783 230 40, 489 1943-44 _ _ 413 84, 616 210 56, 439 203 28, 177 Teachers The total number of teachers, exclusive of administrative officers, in all schools has decreased from 1,104,283 in 1939-40 to 1,053,646 in 1943-44. This is a decrease of 50,637, or 4.6 percent, for the 4-year period. The tendency has been for enrollments to decrease at a more rapid rate than the number of teachers. Administrative officers, superintendents, supervisors, and principals are not included. Men teachers have decreased 24.7 percent, while women teachers have increased about 2.9 percent during the 4-year period. In 1939-40, 27.3 percent of all teachers were men, but in 1943-44 only 21.5 percent were men. These figures on the number of teachers do not tell the whole story as more than 100,000 of them were without proper peacetime credentials, having had to be hired during the war on the basis of emergency certificates. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 2-4 4 TABLE 22. — Number of teachers in schools and colleges , by type of school , and by sex , 1929-30 to 1943-44 Type of school by level 1929-30 1939-40 i 1941-42 1943-44 Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total _ 2 217,138 3 820,467 301, 131 803, 152 293, 719 799,367 226,886 826, 760 Kindergarten and elementary schools: Public - 67, 239 573, 718 67, 140 3, 047 508, 060 59, 567 499, 261 31, 890 507, 046 Private- . . . . * 1, 466 * 60, 101 61, 800 3,720 61, 792 * 3, 720 8 61, 792 Secondary schools: Public { _ _ 74, 532 138, 774 126,837 173, 440 123, 627 176, 433 94, 782 194, 272 Private 5 _ - . - * 8, 157 3 13, 631 11, 547 18, 583 11, 960 19, 719 • 11, 960 8 19, 719 Preparatory departments of colleges.. . . . 1,564 1,251 1,968 1, 753 1,727 1,745 1,576 1,881 Higher education: Normal schools and teachers colleges— Public— _ _ 5, 315 7, 588 7 4, 946 7 5, 737 7 5, 284 7 5, 863 7 3, 929 7 5, 129 Private - 680 880 7 365 7 657 7 347 7 579 7 289 7 564 Universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools. . . . 55, 297 15, 112 7 80, 936 7 24, 176 7 83, 278 7 25, 157 7 74, 531 7 27, 539 Residential schools for exceptional children _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 1, 578 » 6, 571 » 1, 107 » 4, 599 i» 1, 107 io 4, 599 io 1, 107 io 4, 599 Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans . . 447 1, 132 438 947 452 969 8 452 8 969 Private, commercial, and business schools _ _ _ ” 1, 863 » 2, 211 I* 2,800 12 3, 400 12 2, 650 12 3, 250 i* 2, 650 12 3, 250 i Sex distribution for private elementary schools revised since originally published. * Does not include 1,000 men duplicates in universities, colleges, and professional schools. a Does not include 502 women duplicates in universities, colleges, and professional schools. * Data for 1927-28. » Data for 1929-30 and subsequent years include teachers in junior high school. 8 Data for 1941-42. 7 Includes duplicates between noncollegiate and collegiate departments and critic teachers in institutions of higher education. « Data for 1926-27. * Distribution by sex estimated. Data for 1939-40. n Data for 1928-29. n Estimated on the basis of a study made by the War Emergency Council of Private Business Schools Does not include part-time teachers. 1939-40 data revised since originally published. Schools for Negroes Separate schools for white and Negro pupils are maintained by 17 southern States and the District of Columbia. Outside of the District of Columbia, facilities, including salary schedules, length of term, supervision, types of courses, etc., for Negro pupils are in some cases far below those for white pupils. Although much more improvement is desirable, great strides have been made in Negro education during the past few years. The average length of school term in schools for white pupils in¬ creased from 170.8 days in 1939-40 to 173.5 days in 1943-44. During the same period the average length of school term for Negroes increased from 156 days to 164 days. The average number of days attended by white pupils was 145 days for both periods, while in schools for Negroes STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 it increased from 125.7 days to 133.4 days. The average number of pupils per teacher in white schools decreased from 29.2 to 28 pupils during the 4-year period. Negro schools showed a decrease from 37.7 to 34 pupils during the same period. Expenditures and teachers’ salaries in both white and Negro schools have shown a substantial increase during the past decade. The lowest average salary for white teachers in 1939-40 was $636 in Arkansas; and for Negro teachers, $232 in Mississippi. These States were still lowest in 1943-44, but they had increased, respectively, to $924 and $342. TABLE 23. — Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia , 1943-44 State or District of Columbia Average length of term in days in schools for — Average num¬ ber of days attended by each pupil en¬ rolled in schools for— Number of pupils enrolled per member of instructional staff 1 in schools for— Average annual salary of prin¬ cipals, super¬ visors, and teachers in schools for— Whites Ne¬ groes Whites Ne¬ groes Whites Ne¬ groes Whites Ne¬ groes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total _ 17S.5 164.0 145.0 133.4 28 34 Alabama _ _ 169.6 166.1 138.4 137.9 30 38 1,158 661 Arkansas.. _ _ _ _ .. 165.3 141.8 132.7 111.8 31 38 924 555 Delaware . . . . . . 181.5 181.7 158.4 152.0 25 27 1,953 1, 814 Florida _ _ _ 172.4 168.2 152.7 145.3 26 30 1,530 970 Georgia . . . . . 175.3 165.0 143.9 127.2 27 34 1, 123 515 Kentucky.. . . . 159.2 171.6 125.4 138.0 29 26 (») (3) Louisiana . . . .. . . 180.0 156.7 149.8 131.5 26 37 1,683 828 Maryland _ _ _ 186.7 186.5 164.4 156.8 31 34 2,085 2,002 Mississippi... _ _ 165. 5 130.0 135.8 104.6 30 42 1, 107 342 Missouri . . . 182.4 193.9 154.0 152.5 26 31 1, 397 * 1, 590 North Carolina _ _ . ... 179.9 179.9 161.4 152.7 31 35 1,380 1,249 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ 169.0 175.8 140.3 150.4 27 25 1,428 1,438 South Carolina . . _ _ _ 176.9 160.4 145.9 124.2 27 34 1,203 615 Tennessee _ _ 166.7 169.0 134.6 139.7 29 34 1, 071 1, 010 Texas . . . . . . 173.9 166.2 141.9 128.6 27 30 1, 395 946 Virginia . . . . 180.0 180.0 155.3 151.1 28 33 1,364 1.129 West Virginia.. . . . . . 172.1 173.7 151.3 157.1 27 26 (’) (’) District of Columbia.. . . . 175.0 177.0 146.2 151.1 26 31 2,610 2,610 1 Teachers, supervisors, principals, and other instructional staff. * Separate salary data not available. * Higher salaries due to the fact that most Negro schools are located in cities where all salaries are higher. The war greatly affected the number of men students enrolled in Negro colleges. There were 19,007 men students in 1939-40 and only 7,308 enrolled in 1943-44. From 13,140 in 1933-31, the number of women students more than doubled, reaching 26,911 in 1939-40. The number increased in 4 years to 27,704 in 1943-44. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 24. — Resident college enrollment of institutions for the higher edu - ^ cation of Negroes , by Statey and by sex , 1943-44 State or District of Columbia Number of institutions Resident college enrollment i reporting Men Women 1 2 3 4 Total _ _ 105 7, 308 27, 704 Alabama . . . . . _ _ _ ... . . _ 7 437 2,341 Arkansas _ .. _ _ ... . _ . . . 5 125 557 Delaware _ _ _ _ ... _ . 1 20 67 Florida _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 311 1,226 Georgia _ _ _ _ _ .. . . . 11 722 2, 550 Kansas . . . . . . . . . . 1 12 77 Kentucky . . . . 2 59 428 Louisiana _ 5 302 1, 582 Maryland. . . . . . . _ _ 4 146 737 Mississippi _ _ _ _ . . . . .. . . 6 120 771 Missouri _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . .. _ 3 128 874 North Carolina. . . . . . ..... . . 11 781 3, 440 Ohio _ _ _ _ _ . . . . . . 1 193 523 Oklahoma . . . . _ _ _ _ . . 1 42 265 Pennsylvania . 2 173 135 South Carolina . . . . . . 11 486 2,058 Tennessee _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 463 2, 053 Texas... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. . ... . 11 908 3,290 Virginia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 674 1,920 West Virginia . . . . 3 342 728 District of Columbia _ _ _ _ _ 2 864 2, 082 1 Regular session only. School Survival Rates The holding power of the elementary and secondary schools and colleges has continued to increase except in the last two war years. The data given show, of 1,000 pupils in certain grades, the number still in school in each succeeding grade each succeeding year. The fifth grade is taken as the basic grade in the elementary school because retardation (pupils staying in a grade more than 1 year) in the first grade makes it impossible to use that grade to represent the number entering school for the first time. Retardation has leveled out by the fifth grade and compulsory education laws keep pupils in school at present until they have at least reached that grade. Survival rates from any grade after the fifth through high-school graduation, college entrance, and college graduation can be obtained either directly from one of the five tables (tables 25 to 29) or by making calculations from the basic data given in the tables. The effect of the constant increase in holding power of the school system was clearly shown in the 1940 United States Census in the greater num¬ ber of years of school completed by the younger age groups in the population than by the older age groups. (See also table 30.) STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 ABLE 25. — Number surviving through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ _ 1 Number surviving per 1,000 pupils In the fifth grade in— Education 1923- 24 1924- 25 1925- 26 1926- 27 1927- 2S 1928- 29 1929- 30 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fifth grade 1 . . High-school graduation _ College graduation... . Year of college graduation... . 1,000 270 51 1,000 302 53 1,000 316 56 1,000 333 60 1, 000 355 65 1,000 378 69 1,000 403 70 1,000 417 69 1,000 432 69 1,000 455 47 1935 1936 1937 1938 1930 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 • Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. TABLE 26. — Number surviving per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated, by grade or year Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in— Grade or year 1 Elementary. Fifth i . Sixth. _ . Seventh . Eighth. . High school: I _ _ II _ ILL..- . . IV— . Graduates _ Year of graduation. College: I _ _ Graduates . Year of graduation. 1925- 1926- 1927- 1928- 1929- 1930- 1931- 1932- 1933- 1934- 1935- 1936- 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 » 10 11 12 13 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 911 919 928 939 954 943 929 935 944 953 946 954 815 824 834 847 861 872 884 889 895 892 889 895 745 754 779 805 825 824 818 831 836 842 839 849 642 677 714 736 760 770 780 786 792 803 814 839 509 552 588 624 647 652 651 664 688 711 725 704 421 453 485 498 512 529 546 570 594 610 587 554 370 400 415 432 454 463 481 510 489 512 466 425 316 333 355 378 403 417 432 455 462 467 439 393 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 | 1941 1942 1943 1944 112 129 135 137 139 148 154 160 142 129 119 56 60 65 69 70 69 69 47 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1 Fourth grade in 11-year systems; fifth grade in 12-grade systems. TABLE 27. — Number surviving per 1,000 enrolled pupils in the first year of high school in the year indicated, by high-school year Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the first year in high school in— High-school year 1929- 30 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 1939- 40 1940- 41 < 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 8 10 11 12 13 I . . . . . II . . . . . HI _ _ _ IV . . . . . Graduates _ : . Year of graduation . 1,000 793 656 577 492 1,000 815 669 591 492 1,000 823 680 582 498 1,000 848 677 586 513 1,000 852 674 597 531 1,000 847 687 601 541 1,000 835 700 617 554 1,000 845 725 649 579 1,000 868 751 618 583 1,000 885 760 638 582 1,000 891 721 573 540 1,000 838 660 506 469 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 2-44 TABLE 28. — Number surviving through college entrance and college gradua¬ tion of 1,000 who graduated from high school Number surviving per 1,000 graduating from high school in— £,uucauon 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1 2 3 4 9 6 7 8 I 10 11 High-school graduate _ _ 1,000 451 187 1,000 391 174 1,000 353 177 1,000 386 180 1,000 380 182 1,000 362 184 1,000 341 174 1,000 354 165 1,000 357 159 1,000 352 103 Entered college . . College graduate _ Year graduating from college . . 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 TABLE 29.— -Number surviving through college per 1,000 enrolled at specific levels Number per 1,000 surviving to graduate from college in— ±-evei 1935 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Fifth grade . 51 60 65 69 70 69 69 47 First year of high school... . . 88 89 91 94 92 90 88 60 First year of college _ _ _ _ 418 467 479 508 505 467 445 293 Educational Attainment of Population There were 121,127,751 persons 5 years and older in 1940. The Bureau of the Census was able to secure the educational attainment of 119,598,173 of this population. There were 25,661,094, or 21.5 percent, of these who had completed only 4 years or less of education. The number completing the eighth grade or more was 71,060,549. Of these, 25,368,324 had completed 4 years of high school or more, and 3,800,872 of these had completed 4 years or more of college work. Many of the younger persons of the population will continue their education. It will be observed that at the age of 19 there are the fewest (4.87 percent) who have not completed more than the fourth grade. One would expect a child who entered school at the age of 6 to finish the fourth grade during his ninth year, still there were 1 1,882,937, 13 years of age or older, or about 11.5 percent of this age group who had not finished more than the fourth grade. Again we would expect a pupil to have finished his eighth grade during his thirteenth year, still there were 26,945,845, or 29.1 percent, of the age group 17 years or older who had not completed the eighth grade. We expect pupils on an average to finish high school during the seventeenth year, still there were 60,801,294, 21 years of age and older, or 73.4 percent of this age group, who have not finished high school. Taking the popu¬ lation 21 years of age and over, 3,776,924, or 4.5 percent, have com¬ pleted four or more years of college work. TABLE 30.— Educational attainment of the population 5 years of age and over by age STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Population reporting educational attainment Completing 4 or more years of college Percent - 00 « .01 .04 .10 .20 .65 2.08 3. 96 4. 88 5.31 6. 88 6. 32 5.51 4.70 4. 18 3.80 3.40 3. 31 2. 87 2.61 2.25 Number ® N GO GO •0 i ' • 1 i 1 329 957 2, 439 4, 870 15, 353 48, 980 90, 160 110, 384 120, 069 646, 974 641, 072 520, 357 408, 147 340, 030 271, 367 195, 278 153, 581 107, 234 65,528 57, 763 Completing 4 years of nigh school Percent e* J5 S .19 .52 2. 26 11.09 32. 22 43. 87 45. 06 45.76 44. 92 43. 62 42. 62 38.11 33. 02 26. 89 23.71 20. 63 18.50 17. 10 16. 36 14. 21 13.08 11.63 Number GO s I s i i : i ; : i i i 1 1 i 4,584 12, 567 65,861 264, 942 826, 755 1, 061, 732 1,059, 163 1, 075, 323 1, 021, 726 986, 866 964, 610 4, 193, 601 3,350,349 2, 537, 788 2,056, 594 1,677,818 1, 320, 711 982, 886 759, 432 530, 488 328, 786 295, 742 Completing 8 years of school Percent SI s i i 1 1 i ' ‘ «5Sgg§5S§SSSSSS§gS3 SgggS 3 Number • i i s i i 1, 602 4, 731 11, 106 76, 316 425, 871 1,204,386 1,708,066 1,965,688 1, 978, 758 2.132.976 2, 032, 770 1,951,590 1,969, 274 1,891,443 1, 872, 888 1. 859.976 8. 824, 572 7. 825, 454 6, 799, 552 5, 974, 012 6,243,049 4. 389, 927 3,443,986 2, 725, 779 2, 057, 448 1,372,230 1, 817, 099 Completing loss than 5 years of school I * 1 l - 5 S Number 1 5 8 2, 140, 135 1, 901, 944 2, 047, 647 2, 172, 429 2,118, 753 1, 867, 524 980, 386 549, 339 310, 065 201, 481 148, 702 135, 607 120, 743 133, 193 117, 767 126, 197 117, 959 122, 590 120,411 123, 610 663, 127 724, 679 919, 742 1,057, 338 1,273,784 1,298,014 1, 108,645 936, 426 865, 591 590,211 677,055 Number *9 5 1 2 2, 140, 135 1,901,944 2, 050, 376 2, 181. 877 2, 172, 791 2,289,743 2, 200, 487 2, 407, 676 2,372,115 2, 390, 829 2, 408, 167 2,473, 405 2, 388, 451 2, 565, 800 2, 420, 007 2,350,356 2,349,943 2, 274, 573 2, 262, 585 2,263,047 11, 005, 316 10, 145, 408 9, 437, 795 8, 672, 166 8, 134,253 7, 140, 302 5,746,363 4, 642, 162 3,732,698 2,612,922 2,664,481 Total popu¬ lation 1940 N g s a 2, 142, 407 2,054,385 2,094, 129 2,203,365 2, 190,336 2,308,369 2, 217, 092 2, 425, 400 2,389,344 2, 406, 730 2, 422, 519 2,489,096 2, 403, 074 2, 582, 648 2, 436, 186 2, 367, 042 2, 367,661 2,291,842 2,280,231 2,281,059 11,096,638 10, 242, 388 9, 645, 377 8, 787, 843 8,255,225 7,256,846 6,843, 865 4, 728, 340 3, 806, 657 2, 569, 532 2,643, 125 Age in years - Total... . . . 5 _ _ _ 6 _ 7 _ _ _ HI JJJ: i i i ; j 3 a i a: h' 2 * 10 _ ... 17. _ _ _ 18 . . . . 19 . . . . . 20 . . . 21 . . . 22 . . . . . 23 . . 24 _ _ _ _ 25-29 . . . . . . . 30-34 _ _ _ _ _ 35-39.... . . . . . 40-44. _ _ 45-49 . . 50-54 _ _ _ _ _ 65-59 - - 60-64 _ 65-69 _ _ _ 70-74 . . . 75 years and over. . . . . . of the Census; population, vol. IV, pt. 1, United States 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 2-44 Sources of Income for Education The total income (table 32) for education during 1943-44 was $3,811,838,495, of which 83.4 percent was from governmental sources. The other 16.6 percent was from: Student fees, 4 percent; gifts, 1.6 percent; and other sources, 11 percent (table 32). In 1941-42 the percentage from governmental sources was 82.2 percent. The large extent to which education in the United States is both public and free is shown by these figures (table 32). The total amount of money that has to be spent by pupils for textbooks, sup¬ plies and other incidental expenses in order to take advantage of public education is not included in these total income data, as it does not pass through the accounts of any school system. TABLE 31. — Biennial increases in income for education , by source , 1936-38 to 1942-44 Source 1936-38 1938-40 1940-42 1942-44 1 2 3 4 5 Total _ $451,020,000 $103, 986, 000 $100, 384, 000 $268,542,000 Public funds _ _ _ - - _ 360, 610, 000 20, 862, 000 20, 464, 000 49, 084, 000 62, 279, 000 21, 900, 000 5, 537, 000 14, 270, 000 81, 470, 000 468, 000 i 2, 284, 000 20, 730, 000 264, 626, 000 i 46, 880, 000 720, 000 60,076,000 Student fees _ Gifts _ _ _ _ _ Other sources . - _ _ i Amount of decrease from previous year. The income for education in 1943-44 was $923,932,000 more than the income 8 years previous, in 1935-36 (table 31). About 83 per¬ cent of this increase was from public funds as follows: Source Amount Percent Public funds _ $768, 985, 000 83. 2 Student fees less by _ —3, 650, 000 — . 4 Gifts _ 24, 437, 000 2. 7 Other sources _ 134, 160, 000 14. 5 Total 923, 932, 000 100. 0 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 TABLE 32.— Sources of income for education , 1943-44 Source of income Total For elemen¬ tary and secondary schools For institu- ions of higher education For residential schools for exceptional children, 1939- 40 X 2 3 4 5 Grand total . . . $3, 811, 838, 495 $2, 868, 652, 808 $886, 240, 866 $56, 944, 721 Publicly controlled. . ... _ . 3, 114, 731, 216 2, 604, 322, 427 i 461, 171, 433 49, 237, 356 Total governmental . . ... 3, 016, 351, 104 2, 604, 048, 806 364, 013, 585 48, 288, 713 Federal.. . _ _ _ . 196, 337, 380 1, 084, 040, 745 1, 735, 972, 979 35, 885, 601 859, 183, 105 1, 708, 980, 100 160, 451, 779 176, 568, 927 26, 992, 879 State . . . . . 48, 288, 713 County, city, or district ... _ Student fees . . . . . . . 38, 156, 982 9, 718, 950 50, 504, 180 38, 156, 982 9, 445, 329 49, 555, 537 (3) (J) 948, 643 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants. Other sources . . . 273, 621 Privately controlled.. _ . 3 697, 107, 279 3 264, 330, 481 4 425, 069, 433 « 7, 707, 365 Total governmental . 161, 328, 713 157, 229, 727 4, 098, 986 Federal _ 148, 665, 147 12, 226, 079 437, 487 148, 665, 147 8, 127. 093 437, 487 State _ _ _ _ 4,098,986 County, city, or district _ Student fees . . . . . . 116, 328, 042 52, 127, 984 367, 060, 686 116,328,042 52, 127, 984 99, 383, 680 (J) (2) 3, 346, 525 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants.. Other sources _ 3 264, 330, 481 i Does not include $82,537,444 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, or $20,356,413 for increase of perma¬ nent funds, including gifts for this purpose. 3 Not reported separately. 3 Estimated. 4 Does not include $101,106,143 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, or $49,331,891 for increase of per¬ manent funds, including gifts for this purpose. * Includes $261,854 undistributed by source. The States’ share of funds for the public schools continues to in¬ crease and tends to equalize education on the State level. In 1931-32 the State supplied only 19.5 percent of the funds, while in 1943-44 the State supplied 33.6 percent of a much larger amount. Both the local and county shares have decreased, the local from 71.7 percent to 60.8 percent, and the county’s share from 8.8 percent to 5.6 percent in this 12-year period. TABLE 33 .-—Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system , by governmental source , 1931-32 to 1943-44 Year Total (percent) Source Year Total (percent) Source State County Local State County Local i 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1931-32. .. 100.0 19.5 8.8 71.7 1939-40... 100.0 30.7 6.7 62.6 1933-34... 100.0 23.4 9.4 67.2 1941-42... 100.0 31.6 6.2 62.2 1935-36. .. 100.0 29.4 7.1 63.5 1943-44... 100.0 33.6 5.6 60.8 1937-38... 100.0 29.8 6.5 63.7 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-4 4 Expenditures for Public and Private Education The expenditure for education in 1943-44 amounted to $3,522,007,- 441, of which $2,875,625,901, or 81.6 percent, was for publicly con¬ trolled and $646,381,540, or 18.4 percent, was for privately controlled schools. TABLE 34. — Expenditures , including capital outlay , for schools reporting , 1943-44 Schools Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled 1 2 3 4 Total continental United States _ _ Elementary schools 1 _ _ _ _ _ Secondary schools 1 __ . . . . 93,522,007,441 $2, 875,625,901 9646,381,540 1, 707, 198, 673 1, 009, 712, 844 736, 213, 806 45, 059, 033 4, 270, 932 2, 266, 084 3, 185, 395 3, 284, 334 10, 816, 340 1, 523, 688, 340 928, 892, 696 358, 598, 110 43, 323, 031 4,169,893 946, 195 2, 084, 081 3, 107, 215 10, 816, 340 * 183, 510, 333 * <50, 820, 148 377, 615, 696 1, 736, 002 101,039 1, 319, 889 1, 101, 314 177, 119 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (includ¬ ing preparatory departments) * _ _ Teachers colleges and normal schools 4 _ _ - Schools for delinquents * _ _ Schools for the blind * _ _ _ Schools for the deaf » _ _ _ Schools for the mentally deficient 5 _ Federal schools for Indians _ _ _ 1 Distribution estimated on basis of teachers’ salaries. * Estimated on basis of cost per pupil in public schools. * Does not include $81,070,266 public, $105,054,786 private, and $186,125,052 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $4,261,392 public, $16,319,103 private, and $20,580,495 total for other noneduca- tional expenditures. 4 Does not include $12,696,276 public, $522,708 private, and $13,218,984 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $257,893 public, $89,805 private, and $347,698 total for other noneducational expenditures. » 1939-40 data for State and private residential schools reporting. Does not include city public schools. Expenditures for all forms of education have increased. The ex¬ penditure for teacher training would appear to be less, but this is due to so many teacher-training institutions changing to State colleges. Elementary and secondary expenditures increased 146 million dollars, or about 6 percent, between 1939-40 and 1943-44. Higher educa¬ tional institutions, including teacher-training institutions, increased 176 million dollars, or 22 percent, during the same period. These amounts do not include 200 million dollars in higher educational institutions for auxiliary enterprises and activities and noneducation expense. Many auxiliary expenses have considerable educational value. Expenditure per Pupil in City School Systems Much more money is spent on the city child than on the rural child (table 12), but great variations exist among the cities themselves. In cities of more than 100,000 population there is a variation of $67 to $205. In cities of 30,000 to 99,999 the range is $69 to $258. In cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population the range is $41 to $197. In small towns and cities 2,500 to 9,999 population the range is $39 to STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 $218. It is almost inconceivable that some cities of all sizes should be able to educate children equally well on as low as $65 a year when other cities are spending more than $200 a year. TABLE 35. — Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 267 city school systems, 1943-44 Number Expenditure per pupil Size of city of cities Median Range Weighted mean 1 2 3 4 5 100,000 population or more . . 45 $138. 70 130. 57 $66. 89— $204. 65 68. 97— 257. 54 $155. 24 135. 28 30,000 to 99,999 population 68 10,000 to 29,999 population _ _ _ _ .. _ 80 111. 20 41.14— 197.45 109. 75 2,500 to 9,999 population.. _ _ .. . . 74 103. 39 38. 99— 218. 39 106. 81 Federal Expenditures for Education Federal aid for education and allied activities assumes so many forms that it is difficult to identify the amount applicable to educa¬ tion. Table 36 lists $200,317,518. In areas affected by war activi¬ ties $123,358,887 was expended by the Federal Government from 1941 to 1944 for school buildings, preschool and extended school services, and operation and maintenance of schools, but this amount cannot be segregated by year. Another 100 million was spent by the war services for higher education, but the items did Dot go through the books of the institutions. TABLE 36 .—Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes. 1943-44 TOTAL _ _ $200,317,518 Nonemergency Funds _ _ 91, 034, 130 U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency; admin¬ istration, research and services by the Office in Washington, D. C.1 _ 852, 350 Total apportionment to the States and Territories for voca¬ tional education and rehabilitation _ 57, 927, 735 Land-grant colleges and universities _ 31, 028, 157 Instruction in agriculture and mechanic arts 2 _ 5, 030, 000 Agricultural extension service 3 _ 18, 996, 950 Agricultural experiment station 4 _ 7, 001, 207 1 Funds available for regular activities; does not include administration of defense training. J Administered by U. S. Office of Education. 3 Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture. 4 Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture. Includes cost of administration, research, service of the staff in Washington, D. C., and printing of official experiment station documents. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-4 4 TABLE 36. — Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1943-44 — Continued Vocational education at secondary level2 _ 6 $21, 768, 122 Teacher training _ 2, 168, 756 Agricultural education _ 7, 124, 918 Trade and industrial education 6 _ 7, 168, 771 Home economics education _ 4, 051, 677 Distributive occupations _ 1, 254, 000 Vocational rehabilitation _ 5, 131, 456 Other nonemergency funds _ 32, 254, 045 Federal schools for Indians and natives of Alaska 7 _ 10, 816, 340 Federal oil and mineral royalties 8 _ 4, 092, 671 National forest funds 9 _ 3, 894, 616 National grazing funds 10 _ 406, 584 U. S. Military Academy 11 _ 5, 981, 000 U. S. Naval Academy 11 _ 3, 300, 000 State marine schools 12 _ 350, 000 Public schools in the Panama Canal Zone _ 586, 064 Howard University _ 891, 340 National Training School for Boys _ 426, 878 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 155, 200 Public schools of the District of Columbia _ 1, 190, 276 Books and other supplies for the blind _ 115, 000 Schools of the Virgin Islands _ 48, 076 Emergency Funds _ 109, 283, 388 U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency: Administration of defense training _ 1, 000, 000 School building and assistance of war-affected localities (War Projects Administration) _ (13) Vocational defense training (secondary schools) _ 59, 287, 856 Defense training (college grade) _ 12, 707, 771 Expenditure for school lunch program _ 33, 834, 613 Visual aid for war training _ 1, 990, 000 Loans to students _ 463, 148 • The maximum amount authorized for apportionment to the several States and Territories. 8 A part of this sum may be used for home economics education. 7 Expenditures compiled by Office of Indian Affairs. ' This amount represents 37.5 percent of the receipts from the Mineral Leasing Act, which is paid to the various States receiving such funds for roads or schools. 8 25 percent of the current national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States for public roads and schools in the counties in which the forests are located. 10 Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934. u The pay of cadets at the Military Academy is included, but the pay of midshipmen at the Naval Acad¬ emy is not included. ** To reimburse the States of California, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, for expenses in¬ curred in mainteDance and support of their marine schools, $50,000 each; in addition, the use of $100,000 was authorized for the maintenance and repair of ships loaned to the schools by the U. S. Navy. i* This item is not available by the year, but the amount allotted from 1941 through 1944 was $123,- 358,887 for the construction of school buildings and centers for preschool children, for the maintenance and operation of schools, and expense of extended school service in areas affected by war activities. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions Since current values of school properties and endowments have not been tabulated every biennium, the following table gives the latest data available for 1939-40 unless otherwise noted: Value of property and endowments Public Schools: Land, buildings, and equipment, 1943-44 _ $7, 928, 129, 584 Permanent funds, 1941-42 _ 585, 833, 064 Sinking funds _ 63, 755, 941 Institutions of Higher Education (1939-40): Land, buildings, and equipment _ 2, 753, 780, 163 Permanent endowments, including unexpended plant funds_ 1, 686, 282, 767 Annuity funds _ 49, 536, 799 Student loan funds _ 28, 784, 189 Total _ 13, 096, 102, 507 The above does not include State public-school lands upon which it is difficult to set a value. Federally Aided Vocational Education One of the major functions of the U. S. Office of Education is the administration of the appropriations for Federal aid to vocational education. The amount spent from all sources for federally sup¬ ported courses was $64,299,133 in 1943-44. The tendency is for the State and local authorities to assume a greater share of the expendi¬ ture. In 1941-42 the State and local contribution was $1.84 for every dollar contributed by the Federal Government. This amount had increased to $2.22 by State and local contributors in 1943-44. Enroll¬ ments have fallen off considerably due to the Federal war programs which were doing somewhat similar activities although with a different aim. TABLE 37 .—Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans , year ended June 30 , 1944 Type of school Total Agriculture Trade and industry Home economics Distributive education 1 Z 3 4 5 6 Total _ Z, 001, 136 469, 959 543, 153 806,515 181, 509 Evening . 532, 049 521, 755 947,332 183, 880 16, 139 269, 940 27, 717 345, 259 170, 177 233, 650 65, 650 507, 215 86, 802 94, 707 Part-time . __ . All-day... 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 2-44 TABLE 38.-— Expenditure of Federal, State , and local money under State plans for vocational education , 1930-31 to 1943-44 Year Expenditure * Year Expenditure * Total From Federal funds From State and local funds Total From Federal funds From State and local funds 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 1930- 31 _ 1931- 32 . 1932- 33 . _ 1933- 34 _ 1934- 35 _ 1935- 36 _ 1936- 37 . $32, 143, 192 32, 402, 403 30, 126, 888 28, 188, 417 29, 289, 923 33, 427, 834 36, 399, 285 $7, 978, 729 8, 414, 834 7, 728, 245 6. 950, 945 9, 371, 980 9, 748, 925 10, 013, 669 $24, 164, 463 24. 987, 569 22, 398, 643 21, 237, 472 19, 917, 943 23, 678, 909 26, 385, 616 1937- 38 . 1938- 39. . 1939- 40 _ 1940- 41 . 1941- 42 _ 1942- 43 _ 1943- 44 . . $44, 994, 537 52, 668, 491 65, 081, 312 67, 705, 117 59, 022, 743 63, 488, *51 64, 299, 133 $17, 737, 118 19, 434, 554 20, 004, 232 20, 546, 607 20, 757, 509 20, 306, 645 19, 958, 549 $27, 257, 419 33, 233, 937 35, 077, 080 37, 158, 510 38, 265, 233 43, 181, 606 44, 340, 584 i For agriculture trade and industry, home economics, teacher-training, and distributive education. Libraries There have been no new library studies published since those reported in the Statistical Summary of Education, 1941-4%- Statistics will be gathered for public libraries for 1944-45 to replace the last previous study in 1938-39. * o BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 y / STATISTICS O l/ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1943-44 CHAPTER II FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. Office of Education V BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1943-44 CHAPTER II By David T. Blose Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the Direction of Emery M. Foster Head9 Reports and Analysis Section Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY— Watson B. Miller, Administrator U. S. Office of Education — John W. Studebaker, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1946 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C., Price 20 cents CONTENTS Text Page Foreword _ _ _ vi Introduction _ 1 State and Local Boards of Education _ 1 Basic Administrative Units, by Educational Level _ 1 Personnel of State Offices and Local School Systems _ 1 State offices of education _ 1 Intermediate and local school systems _ 2 Pupils _ 2 Elementary schools _ 4 High schools _ 4 High-school graduates _ 5 Staff _ T _ _ 7 Average annual salaries of instructional staff _ 7 Teachers and other instructional staff _ 7 Transportation of Pupils _ 8 Public-School Finance _ 8 Receipts _ 8 Expenditures _ 10 Current expense _ 10 School property _ 10 Retirement funds _ : _ 10 Indebtedness _ 11 Schools for Negroes _ 12 Enrollments _ 13 Attendance and school term _ 13 Teachers and other instructional staff _ 13 Text Tables I. Percent change in enrollment for specified years, by State _ 3 II. Enrollment, by grade, in public day schools and percent change, for specified years _ 4 III. Enrollment in public high-school grades, by sex, for specified years _ 5 IV. Average daily attendance in public day schools as a percent of enrollment for specified years _ 6 V. Length of school term, 1937-38, 1939-40, 1941-42 and 1943-44 _ 6 VI. Number of days attended per pupil enrolled, 1937-38, 1939-40, 1941-42 and 1943^4 _ 6 VII. Number of pupils in average daily attendance, per teacher, for specified years, by State - - - 7 VIII. Revenue receipts of .State school systems, for specified years, by source _ - _ 8 IX. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources for specified years, by State - 9 X. Total expenditures, excluding debt retirement of State school systems, for specified years, by purpose - 10 hi Page XI. One-room buildings as a percent of all buildings in use for specified years _ 11 XII. School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance for specified years, .by State _ 12 Detail Tables 1. Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1870-1944 _ 14 2. Boards of education and administrative staffs of intermediate and basic local units, by State, 1943-44 _ 16 3. Basic administrative units by level of instruction offered, by State, 1943-44 _ 18 4. Personnel in State offices of education, by State, 1943-44 (Regu¬ lar and vocational) _ 20 5. Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants, by State, 1943-44 _ 21 6. Health, transportation, custodial, and other employees in public day schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 24 7. Administrative units providing indicated type of auxiliary service at public expense, by State, 1943-44 _ 26 8. Basic local administrative units, by number of teaching positions, by State, 1943-44 _ 28 9. Percentage of men teachers in public day schools at different dates, by State _ 30 10. Personnel and expenditures in summer, night, adult, part-time, and continuation schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 31 11. Original entries, by age, by State, 1943-44 _ 32 12. Enrollment by grades in public day schools for specified years _ 33 13. School census and pupils enrolled in public elementary and secon¬ dary schools, by State, 1943—44 _ 35 14. Enrollment, by grade, in public day schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 37 15. Number, sex, and age of high-school graduates in public schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 40 16. Number of school census children, by age and State, 1943-44 _ 42 17. Average daily attendance, by State, 1943-44 _ 43 18. Aggregate number of days attended, by State, 1943-44 _ 44 19. Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by State, 1930-44 - 45 20. Number of buildings and schools and transportation data, by State, 1943-44 _ 47 21. Balance on hand from school year 1942-43 and receipts from per¬ manent school funds and leases of school lands, by State, 1943-44 _ 49 22. Income from appropriation and taxation, by State, 1943-44 _ 50 23. Income from miscellaneous revenue sources, Federal Government, educational foundations, and total revenue, by State, 1943-44__L 51 24. Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts by State, 1943-44 _ 53 25. Current expense for general control and instruction, by State, 1943-44 _ 55 iv Page 26. Current expense for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary serv¬ ices, by State, 1943-44 - 58 27. Current expense for fixed charges, total current expense, average cost per pupil in average daily attendance, and average salary per member of instructional staff, by State, 1943-44 _ 60 28. Capital outlay and per capita cost of education, by State, 1943-44_ 62 29. Summary of expenditures, debt service, and outstanding indebted¬ ness in public schools, by State, 1943-44 _ 64 30. Value of public property used, for school purposes, by State, 1943-44 _ 66 31. Personnel and financial data for public schools by educational level, by State, 1943-44 _ 67 32. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 19111-20, 1929-30, 1939-40 and 1943-44 _ 70 33. White and Negro school population July 1, 1940, and enrollment and instructional staff in public day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 - 71 34. Length of school term, attendance and average annual salary of white and Negro instructional staff in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 _ _ _ 71 35. Enrollment of Negro pupils, by grade, in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 _ _ _ 72 36. Enrollment, by grade, in Negro public day schools in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, and percentage in each grade, 1932-33 through 1943-44 _ 73 37. Negro instructional staff, attendance, and unit cost in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 _ 75 38. Number, sex, and age of Negro high-school graduates in 17 South¬ ern States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 _ _ 76 39. Expenditures for Negro public day schools in 15 Southern States and the District of Columbia, 1943-44 _ 77 40. Current expense, capital outlay, debt service, and value of prop¬ erty in Negro public schools in 12 Southern States, 1943-44 - 78 v FOREWORD THIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is a continuation of the series of periodic reports which have been prepared by the U. S. Office of Educa¬ tion for State school systems since 1871. This report in two respects is transitional. Iq the first place, it is the last of the State school statistics chap¬ ters which were prepared under the exigencies of war¬ time conditions. The task of compiling recent and accu¬ rate statistics was handicapped by lack of clerical staff in the many State school systems which were loaded with additional wartime responsibilities of the public schools. In the second place, the U. S. Office of Education is launching a review of its statistical program and is plan¬ ning a continuing study of the needs of the many con¬ sumers of Office of Education statistics and the types and frequency of statistical items reported. A preliminary consideration of the entire statistical function of the Office of Education was made in the fall of 1945 by a conference called by Commissioner Stude- baker on the U. S. Office of Education statistical program. The report of this conference is published as Bulletin 1945, No. 2, Proposals Relating to the Statistical Func¬ tion of the U. S. Office of Education. The deliberations of conferees at this meeting urged upon the Office the con¬ sideration of its reporting cycle, and emphasized the necessity of considering which data are needed on a cur¬ rent basis, perhaps at least on an annual basis; and which might need reporting much less frequently, per¬ haps every 5 or 10 years. There are, therefore, some modifications from previous practice in the present report and it might well be that there will be further modifica¬ tions growing out of continued study which the Office of Education is planning to make on its statistical report¬ ing program. Francis G. Cornell, Chief , Research and Statistical Service VI STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1943-44 THIS CHAPTER presents data on public elementary and second¬ ary schools in the 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the outlying parts of the United States, together with comparisons extending over the 74-year period of State school statistics (table l).1 Statistics in this chapter were reported by State departments of education to the U. S. Office of Education. The State reports were based upon data submitted by approximately 111,270 local school units in 1943-44. Hence, the combined report represents the cooperative effort of a great number of individuals and educa¬ tional units. State and Local Boards of Education There are 39 States which have State boards of education with jurisdiction over public elementary and secondary education (table 2). The authority of these boards ranges all the way from that of serving in an advisory capacity to that of formulating policies and exercising administrative responsibilities. Some other States have vocational boards exercising control over vocational education, but the present tendencies are to have one board to control all forms and levels of elementary and secondary education. Basic Administrative Units, by Educational Level A basic administrative unit comprises all the area under a single system of school administration, that is, its schools are controlled by a board of education of which the executive head is usually the superintendent of schools. It generally constitutes a local taxing unit. Due to consolidations, the number of adminis¬ trative units is continually becoming less. There were 117,000 of these units in 1939-40 and 111,273 in 1943-44, showing that con¬ solidation has been taking place even in wartime. Personnel in State Offices and Local School Systems State Offices of Education The actual administration of State school systems is carried on by the personnel in State and local offices of education. There 1 Roman numerals indicate text tables; arabic numerals, detail tables. 1 2 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 were 1,928 professional staff members in State departments of education in 1943-44. They included superintendents or commis¬ sioners of education and their deputies or assistants, directors of divisions, chiefs of organized services, and supervisory personnel of the 48 States and the District of Columbia (table 4) . Intermediate and Local School Systems Intermediate units are county units that may have administra¬ tive authority over all local units or all except independent units, and other intermediate units such as unions, divisions, etc., in New Hampshire, New York, and Vermont. They form a link between State and local school administration. There were 2,355 superintendents and 2,162 professional staff members in these intermediate units in 1943-44 (table 2). Local basic units consisting of county unit systems where there are no local systems, cities, towns, townships, villages, and other small units had 12,023 superintendents and 3,748 members of professional staff (table 2). The instructional staff consisted of 5,479 supervisors, 31,569 principals, and 827,990 teachers (table 5) . Many States do not report the number of physicians, nurses, dentists, dental hygienists, transportation employees, janitors, engineers, carpenters, and recreational workers. There may be approximately a quarter of a million of these various types of employees in all the school systems. The number of administrative units offering the more usual nonteaching services rendered by the schools are shown in table 7. Comparison can be made with the total number of administrative units in table 3 to see how nearly the service is universal through¬ out the States. Pupils Enrollments which had reached a total of 26,434,193 in 1933-34 had decreased to 23,266,616 or 12 percent, in 1943-44. This de¬ crease was largely due to decreasing birth rates; but war jobs, enlistment in the service, etc., are contributing causes. If trends previous to the war had continued, there would have been approxi¬ mately 100,000 more pupils in elementary school and three-quar¬ ters of a million more in high school in 1943-44 than there actu¬ ally were. State School Systems 3 Table I. — Percent change in enrollment for specified years , by State Percent increase or decrease in— State or District of Columbia Total enrollment Elementary grades | Secondary grades 1929-30 to 1939-40 1939-40 to 1941-42 1941-42 to 1943-44 1929-30 1939-40 to j to j 1939-40 , 1941-42 1941-42 1 to 1943-44 1929-30 1939-40 to to ! 1939-40 j 1941-42 1941-42 | to 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 i 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ —1 .0 —3.4 —5.3 — 11 JS —3.5 —2.5 +50.1 — 3 2 —13.1 Alabama . . +10.2 —2.9 —3.7 +4.4 —3.7 —3.4 +64.3 + 1.5 —5.2 Arizona. - - +6.2 +5.6 —13.0 —.7 +5.5 —11.4 + 45.8 +6.3 —19.3 Arkansas. - - +2.0 — 5. 2 —9.1 —4.2 —6.1 —8.4 +57.4 —.6 —12.7 California . . . - + 11.3 +3.1 +6.3 —1.1 +4.7 +12.0 + 55.9 —.6 —7.6 Colorado . . —7.9 —3. 3 —5.4 —17.1 —2.7 —2.5 +34.1 — 5. 2 —13.8 —12.0 —5. 1 _ 4 Q —24.7 —4.2 — 1.1 +43.5 —7.0 —11.8 Delaware. . . . +4.0 —3.5 —3.0 —9.4 —2.7 +.3 +71.3 —5.6 —12.0 Florida. - - +6.6 0) —3.6 —3.1 —1.5 —2.0 +71.1 +5.5 —9.5 Georgia.. . . +3.5 —3.4 — 4.3 —3.3 —4.5 —3.8 +56.4 +2.3 —6.9 Idaho - V) —1.8 —6.3 —7.5 —1.9 —3.5 +26.0 —1.5 —14.8 Illinois . . . . —10.5 —4.2 —6.0 —20.2 —3.1 — 4.4 +24.8 —6.6 —9.8 Indiana. . . . + . 6 —.3 —3.6 —9.4 +.3 —.3 +36.9 —1.8 —11.7 Iowa _ _ --- —9.2 —2.5 —6.4 —16.8 —1.9 —3.8 + 18.9 —4.0 —13.2 Kansas _ _ - —12.7 —3.6 —5.6 —22.1 —2.7 —1.8 +22.3 —5.7 —14.9 Kentucky.. . . +2.7 —4.8 —8. 6 —3.6 —5.5 —7.0 +55.9 —1.0 —16.5 Louisiana. - - - +8.9 —2.4 — 6. 3 —.8 —3.7 — 4. 8 +71.9 +2.6 —11.8 Maine . . . - - +5.9 —3.4 — 6. 0 —.7 —2.9 — 3. 0 +33.4 -+.9 —15.5 Maryland . . - - +3.5 —.1 —1.7 —6.7 —.9 + .9 +60.4 +2.5 —10.0 Massachusetts - ... - —7.8 —6.2 —6.0 —19.0 —5.7 —2.6 +32.3 —7.3 —13.6 Michigan. . . . —.1 —5.8 —1.7 —15.5 —1.4 + 1.7 +77.4 —16.2 —11.4 Minnesota.. . . —7.2 —3.0 —7.3 —19.5 —3.1 —4.5 +49.3 —2.7 —14.1 Mississippi - —.1 _ 2 —7.7 —4.0 —7.8 +40.3 —2.1 —7.0 Missouri.. . . -- +6.8 —.8 —9.1 +.1 C) —7.9 +33.2 —3.3 —12.7 Montana . - - - —10.8 —4.1 —10.8 —21.2 —3.3 —8.6 +29.0 —6.1 —16.2 Nebraska. . . —15. 1 —6.9 —7.6 —23.9 —8.8 -+.3 + 17.8 —2.3 —15.0 Nevada . . . . - + 15.0 +15.7 + 1.1 +4.4 +19.6 +5.0 +55.0 +5.5 —10.3 New Hampshire _ +2.0 — 4. 2 —8.4 —10.1 —4.2 —5.7 +53.1 —4.3 —15.1 New Jersey . . —9.5 —5.3 —7.0 —25.2 —6.0 — 4. 5 +78.0 —3.7 —12.6 New Mexico.. . . +29.9 —.9 —7.4 +22.1 —1.8 — 6. 1 +85.4 +3.2 —13.6 New York. . . +4.0 — 4.6 —8.8 —11.7 —5.4 — 6. 0 +67.7 —2.7 —14.6 North Carolina . . +2.3 —1.7 —5.3 —8.8 —2.6 +4.0 +73.0 +1.5 —35.3 Nnrth Dakota — 17.2 — 4.9 — 11.9 —24.2 — 4.8 —10.2 + 15.8 —5.4 —16.9 Ohio. . . —5.0 —4.1 —4.2 —16.8 —3.3 — .*2 +40.0 —5.8 —13.3 Oklahoma . —10.4 —16.6 —9.1 —18.4 —18.9 — 6.6 +34.0 —8.9 —16.7 Oregon . -- —6.8 + .3 +3.7 —17.5 +3.2 +9.8 + 27.9 —5.6 —10.4 Pennsylvania . - —4.4 —6.3 —9.6 —20.3 —7.3 —7.4 +83.0 —3.9 —14.7 Rhode Island.. . —3.8 —7.2 —8.5 —17.4 —8.9 —3.8 +75.5 —2.6 —20.5 South Carolina . +2.6 —1.4 — 4. 5 —5.2 —1.6 — 4. 1 +64.1 —.5 —6.0 South Dakota _ —17.6 —5.0 —10.3 —26.7 — 4. 3 —7.8 +21.3 —6.8 —17.0 T'oTinossoo +3.2 — 1.9 — 4.6 —3.2 —2.6 —2.8 +55.1 +1.5 —13.3 Texas _ _ _ _ +1.6 —1.9 —4.6 —7.9 —2.7 —.7 +44.5 +.3 —15.5 Utah . . . —1.1 —1.4 +2.7 —11.4 +2.0 +5.7 +32.2 —8.8 — 4.6 Vermont . . —1.6 —6.8 —8.9 —5.9 —7.2 —8.3 + 18.4 —5.2 —11.4 Virginia _ _ - +.9 —2.1 —3.9 —7.2 — 4. 1 —3.3 +54.6 +6.1 —6.1 Washington... . . —3.9 +3.5 +6.7 —13.0 +7.0 + 14.3 +23.7 —3.9 —11.2 West Virginia . . . +14.5 —2.1 —7.7 +4.1 —3.9 —6.0 +88.0 +4.9 —14.0 Wisconsin _ _ —5.0 i —7.9 —.5 —17.8 —8.6 + 1.5 +50.2 —6.3 — 5. j. Wyoming . . +3.1 —.9 —5.9 —7.9 + 1.3 —2.8 +45.8 —6.1 —14.0 District of Columbia _ . +18.8 | +.4 —4.5 +9.8 +1.5 j —.2 +54.1 —2.8 —17.1 i Change less than 0.05 percent. 696973 — 46 — 2 4 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Elementary Schools The peak enrollment of elementary schools, kindergartens, and grades 1 through 8, for the 48 States and the District of Colum¬ bia, was reached in 1929-30 with a total of 21,278,593 pupils (table II). Since that year each successive biennium has shown a decrease in the number of pupils enrolled in elementary grades till 1943-44 when the enrollment was 17,713,096, a 16.8 percent decrease for the 14-year period. We may expect a further de¬ crease until 1945-46 after which year the increasing birth rates of the latter 30’s and the early 40’s will again greatly increase enrollments, and another 10 years will bring as great an enroll¬ ment as in 1929-30. Table II. — Enrollment , by grade , in public day schools and percent change, for specified years Grade 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 Percent ii DECRE i 1929-30 1939-40 to | to 1939-40| 1941-42 ^CREASE OR :ase— '1941-42*1929-30 to I to 1943-44 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total __ 25,678,015 25,433,542 24,562,473 23,266,616 —1.0 —3.4 —5.3 —9.4 Elementary school pupils _ 21,278,593 18,832,098 18,174,668 17,713,096 —11.5 —3.5 —2.5 —16.8 Kindergarten — 723,443 594,647 625,783 697,468 —17.8 +5.2 +11.5 —3.6 First grade 4,150,919 3,018,463 2,930,762 2,878,843 —27.3 —2.9 —1.8 —30.6 Second grade __ 2,802,914 2,333,076 2,215,100 2,220,739 —16.8 —5.1 + .3 —20.8 Third grade _ _ 2,732,239 2,331,559 2,175,245 2,162,878 —14.7 —6.7 — .6 —20.8 Fourth grade.. 2,599,229 2,321,867 2,196,732 2,079,788 —10.7 —5.4 —5.3 —20.0 Fifth grade.. 2,382,491 2,247,692 2,166,018 2,016,635 —5.7 —3.6 —6.9 —15.4 Sixth grade . . 2,256,249 2,176,133 2,124,494 1,997,806 —3.6 —2.4 —6,0 —11.5 Seventh grade _ _ 2,029,736 2,107,667 2,060,752 1,964,997 +3.8 —2.2 —4.6 —3.2 Eighth grade __ 1,601,373 1,700,994 1,679,782 1,693,942 +6.2 —1.2 + .8 +5.8 Secondary school pupils. _ 4,399,422 6,601,444 6,387,805 5,553,520 +50.1 —3.2 —13.1 +26.2 First year - 1,626,823 2,011,341 1,927,040 1,774,593 +23.6 — 4.2 —7.9 +9.1 Second year - 1,192,185 1,767,312 1,705,746 1,519,638 +48.2, —3.5 —10.9 +27.5 Third year - 879,525 1,485,603 1,450,788 1,230,168 +68.9 —2.3 —15.2 +39.9 Fourth year _ 700,889 1,281,735! 1,273,141 1,009,611 +82.9 —.7 —20.7 +44.0 Postgraduate 55,453 31,090 19,510 —43.9 —37.2 High Schools Compared with the elementary enrollment peak in 1929-30, the high-school grades increased to a peak of 6,713,913 in 1940-41. The high-school enrollment decreased until 1943-44 when it was 5,553,520, a loss of 17.3 percent in 3 years. High-school enroll¬ ment will decrease in 1944-45, but even though the number of boys and girls of high-school age will continue to decrease till State School Systems 5 about 1951 or 1952, the end of the war may bring small continu¬ ing increases until the recently increasing birth rates bring about rapidly increasing high-school enrollments. The percentage of all pupils enrolled in high schools decreased from 26 percent in 1941-42 to 23.9 percent in 1943-44. The percentage varied greatly among the States. Twenty-one States headed by New York had more than 25 percent of their total enrollments in the last 4 years of the school system; 17 States had between 20 and 25 percent; and 10 States had less than 20 percent. Table III. — Enrollment in public high-school grades , by sex, for specified years Vaai. Enrollment Percent i ear Total Boys Girls Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 1909-10 . ... 915.061 398,525 516,536 43.6 56.4 1919-20 _ 2,200,389 992,664 1,207,725 45.1 54.9 1929-30 . . . 4,399,422 2,115,228 2,284,194 48.1 51.9 1931-32. . . . . 5,140,021 2,530,790 2,609,231 49.2 50.8 1933-34 _ 5,669,156 2,802,122 2,867,034 49.4 50 .& 1935-36 _ _ _ 5,974,537 2,948,765 3,025,772 49.4 50.6 1937-38 _ 6,226,934 3,032,963 3,193,971 48.7 51.3 1939-40 _ 6,601,444 3,250,952 3,273,606 3,350,492 49.2 50.8 1940-41 _ 6,713,913 3,440,307 48.8 51.2 1941-42. _ _ 6,387,805 3,089,434 3,298,371 48.4 51.6 1942-43 _ 6,122,066 2,891,633 3,230,433 47.2 52.8 1943-44 _ 5,553,520 2,553,356 3,000,164 46.0 54.0 High-School Graduates In 1939-40 only 89.2 percent of the senior class graduated, but in 1943-44 this increased to 94.4 percent. This large increase may have been due to the fact that under war conditions those not likely to graduate left school before their senior year. During the year 1939-40, 47.1 percent of high-school graduates were boys, but in 1943-44 only 41.3 percent were boys. In States reporting during previous years the boys who graduated were older than the girls, but in 1943-44 this condition was reversed. The percen¬ tage of boys graduating who were under 18 years of age the first of September of the school year was 77, while only 72 percent of girls were of this age. Ratio of Enrollment to Population and Attendance During the year 1939-40, the ratio of enrollment to the number of children, 5-17 years, inclusive, was 85.3. This ratio decreased to 80.4 in 1943-44. The percentage of the entire population enrolled in public schools during the same period decreased from 19.3 percent to 16.9 percent. The percent of enrollment in average 6 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 daily attendance decreased from 86.7 in 1939-40 to 84.3 in 1943- 44 (table IV), and the average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled decreased from 151.7 to 147.9 for the same period. Table IV. — Average daily attendance in public day schools as a percent of enrollment for specified years Year Enrollment Average daily attendance Percent that average daily attendance is of enrollment 1 2 3 4 1909-10 . 17,813,852 21,578,316 25,678,015 26,275,4*41 26,434,193 26,367,098 25,975,108 25,433,542 24,562,473 23,266,616 12,827,307 16,150,035 21,264,886 22,245,344 22,458,190 22,298,767 22,298,200 22,042,151 21,031,322 19,602,772 72.0 1919-20 _ .... _ _ _ . ... 74.8 1929-30 _ _ 82.8 1931-32 _ _ _ _ _ 84.7 1933-34. _ _ _ 85.0 1935-36. _ _ _ 84.6 1937-38 _ 85.8 1939-40. _ _ 86.7 1941-42. _ 85.6 1943-44. . . 84.3 Table V. — Length of school term , 1937-38, 1939-40, 1941-42, and 1943-A4 Number of States Length of school term in days 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 I 1943-44 1 Total _ 140-149.9 . 150-159.9 _ 160-169.9 _ 170-179.9 _ 180 or more _ 48 48 48 48 Table VI. — Number of days attended per pupil enrolled. 1937—38, 1939—40, 1941-42, and 1943-44 Number of States pupil enrolled 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 Total _ . ... . . 48 48 48 48 100-109.9 . . 1 110-119.9 1 1 120-129.9 _ _ _ 4 4 3 3 130-139.9.. . . . . 8 4 9 10 140-149.9 _ 7 9 8 16 150-159.9 _ 19 18 18 14 160-169.9... _ _ _ _ 9 12 9 5 State School Systems 7 Staff Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff The amount of salary paid teachers is an important factor in securing and holding capable teachers. Average salaries from the depression low of $1,227 in 1933-34 have slowly increased to $1,507 in 1941-42 and to $1,728 in 1943-44. Table VII. — Number of pupils in average daily attendance , per teacher , for specified years , by State State, District of Columbia, or outlying parts 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 State, District of Columbia, or outlying parts 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Continental Continental U. S - 25.2 24.5 23.7 U. S - 25.2 24.5 23.7 Alabama _ 29.2 28.8 27.1 i North Carolina _ 32.2 31.2 29.7 Arizona - _ 26.1 26.0 25.4 North Dakota _ 17.2 15.6 15.0 29.1 27.8 26.0 I Ohio_ _ _ 25.7 26.4 25.5 California 27.6 25.9 26.2 Oklahoma _ _ 24.0 24.8 24.1 Colorado 22.3 21.0 20.5 Oregon _ 22.8 22.4 23.2 Connecticut _ 26.6 24.0 20.8 Pennsylvania _ . 27.4 26.5 24.5 Delaware _ _ 24.1 23.1 22.3 Rhode Island _ 26.4 22.9 21.8 Florida 24.8 24.3 24.5 South Carolina _ _ 25.6 25.2 24.1 Georgia 25.6 26.4 23.9 South Dakota. 15.3 14.6 13.7 Idaho. _ _ _ 23.5 22.2 22.9 | Tennessee _ 26.6 25.9 25.3 Illinois _ _ . . . 23.8 23.2 22.3 Texas _ . . 24.7 23.1 23.4 Indiana 27.5 26.6 27.3 Utah... _ _ 28.0 27.4 27.2 Iowa 19.5 18.8 18.1 Vermont _ 21.3 20.2 19.1 Kansas 19.6 19.3 18.1 Virginia _ _ 27.9 27.8 26.5 Kentucky _ _ 26.2 26.2 24.7 Washington _ 25.9 25.9 24 .8 Louisiana _ 26.8 26.0 25.1 West Virginia _ 28.9 25.3 23.5 Maine 24.1 23.1 23.9 Wisconisn _ 23.7 23.1 22.3 Maryland 29.8 29.2 28.9 Wyoming.. _ 18.5 16.8 17.8 Massachusetts .. . 25.4 23.9 21.6 Michigan _ 26.3 26.6 26.0 District of Columbia . 27.1 26.1 24.6 Minnesota _ . 21.5 21.1 20.4 Outlying Mississippi _ 32.1 29.7 28.9 parts of the Missouri 22.7 22.8 22.4 U. S - 36.5 33.7 35.4 Montana _ _ 18.9 17.5 16.5 Nebraska _ 17.6 16.5 16.0 Alaska _ _ 17.4 18.5 17.9 Nevada 20.1 21.0 20.9 Canal Zone _ _ _ 27.6 24.6 25.2 Npw H^mpshirp 22 9 21 9 19.6 Guam 32.2 New Jersey ... 23.5 22.4 21.1 Npw ATpxioo 28.0 27.0 25.9 Hawaii _ _ 28.4 27.6 New York 23.8 23.4 23.0 1 Puerto Rico _ _ 42.1 40.3 39.8 Virgin Islands. . . _ 27.8 23.9 Teachers and Other Instructional Staff The instructional staff in the public schools is defined to include those persons whose services contribute directly to classroom activities, that is, persons who spend their time in instructing pupils and in offering services supplementary to instruction such as library work, study hall, advisory service, and health education. During the school year 1943—44 there was a total of 865,038 members of the instructional staff consisting of 5,479 supervisors and assistants, 31,569 principals and assistants and 827,990 teachers (table 5). The total instructional staff compares with 8 Biennial Survejy of Education, 1942-44 911,835 in 1939-40 and 898,001 in 1941-42. This shows a decline for each succe .ding period, but not at as rapid a rate as the decline in enrollments. The decrease has been in men teachers. The number of men and women teachers for the three periods were, respectively: 194,725 men and 680,752 women in 1939-40; 183,194 men and 675,694 women in 1941-42; and 126,672 men and 701,318 women in 1943-44. The percentages of the total who were men teachers for the three periods were 22.2, 21.3, and 15.3 percent, respectively. The number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher for the same three periods were 25.2, 24.5, and 23.7, respectively (table VII) . Transportation of Pupils Transportation of pupils to school has become an important service of public-school systems with the advent of consolidation. While the number of pupils enrolled decreased 5.3 percent, the number transported decreased approximately 2 percent. Expendi¬ tures for operation and maintenance of transportation equip¬ ment increased from $92,922,000 in 1941-42 to $107,754,000 in 1943-44, an increase of $14,832,000, or 16 percent. Public-School Finance Since public-school property is valued at nearly 8 billion dollars, and annual expenditures are approximately 2l/2 billion dollars, finance data are presented in considerable detail. Receipts The annual receipts for State school systems are derived from : Appropriations from general funds, taxes levied for school pur¬ poses, income from permanent funds, leases of school lands, Fed¬ eral aid, and miscellaneous sources. The total income from these sources in 1943-1944 amounted to approximately $2,604,000,000. The total income from these sources in 1941-42 amounted to approximately $2,417,000,000. Table VIII. — Revenue receipts of State school systems, for specified years, by source Source 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total _ $2 ,088 ,556 ,837 100 .0 $2 ,260 ,527 ,045 100 .0 $2 ,416 ,579 ,569 100 .0 $2 ,604. 322. 427 100 .0 Federal . 7, 333, 834 0.4 39, 810, 339 1.7 34, 305, 190 1.4 35, 885, 601 1.4 State . 353, 670, 462 16.9 684, 354, 085 30.3 759, 992, 998 31. 5 859, 183, 105 33.0 County _ . Local and 216, 746, 764 10.4 151, 096, 506 6.7 150, 223, 047 6.2 146, 243, 375 5.6 subsidies... 1, 510, 805, 777 72.3 1, 385, 266, 115 61.3 1, 472, 058, 334 60.9 1, 563, 010, 346 60.0 State School Systems 9 The State’s financial share in the support of education continues to increase, while the county and local units’ share continues to decrease. This increasing share in educational support by the State tends to equalize education for the less financially able units. Table IX. — Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county , and local sources, for specified years, by State State or District of Columbia State County Local 1929-30 1939-40 1943-14 1929-30^939^10! 1943-44 1 1929-30 1939—40 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 7 8 9 10 Continental United States.. 16.7 30.7 33.6 10.6 6.7 5.6 72.7 62.6 60.8 Alabama . 43.7 58.6 66.5 29.7 22.8 18.6 26.6 18.6 14.9 Arizona _ 17.4 21.2 62.4 38.4 38.2 4.9 44.2 40.6 32.7 Arkansas _ 33.6 46.0 56.7 2.9 3.8 1.0 63.5 50.2 42.3 California - - 25.1 47.8 41.6 36.9 2.0 1.3 38.0 50.2 57.1 Colorado _ .1 5.5 6.2 26.5 20.7 18.8 73.4 73.8 75.0 7.5 8.8 10.8 92.5 91.2 89.2 88.1 92.7 89.4 11.9 7.3 10.6 Florida _ — 21.6 51.8 41.9 29.6 17.0 30.1 48.8 31.2 28.0 Georgia. - 36.5 58.2 61.8 30.1 16.6 18.4 33.4 25.2 19.8 Idaho.. - - - .6 12.0 22.8 27.9 25.6 14.1 71.5 62.4 63.1 Illinois . _ _ 4.5 10.2 11.9 .1 .2 95.5 89.7 87.9 Indiana _ 1.7 33.2 34.5 .6 .5 98.3 66.2 65.0 Iowa _ _ 3.3 1.1 2.7 2.6 .7 96.7 96.3 96.6 TCa.nsa.s _ .1 11.7 10.4 14.4 6.8 99.9 73.9 82.8 Kentucky 26.3 41.8 47.0 29.0 26.6 44.7 31.6 53.0 Louisiana _ 25.2 56.9 66.2 54.5 30.2 27.0 20.3 12.9 6.8 Maine _ _ 29.0 15.9 16.8 71.0 84.1 83.2 Maryland. - 17.3 21.9 30.6 34.3 31.3 31.8 48.4 46.8 37.6 Massachusetts. _ _ 9.0 10.2 13.1 91.0 89.8 86.9 Michigan. _ _ 19.9 46.0 42.9 .5 .6 80.1 53.5 56.5 Minnesota _ 17.3 35.2 29.3 5.0 1.6 .7 77.7 63.2 70.0 Mississippi - 32.9 38.6 47.9 23.1 20.0 16.3 44.0 41.4 35.8 Missouri. _ .. 10.7 35.8 36.0 4.2 .4 .2 85.1 63.8 63.8 Montana _ _ 3.7 8.4 13.5 43.2 20.4 23.3 53.1 71.22 63.2 Nebraska _ .7 1.1 .7 1.0 2.1 99.3 97.9 97.2 Nevada _ - - 13.2 20.3 7.5 58.6 58.4 29.7 28.2 21.3 62.8 New Hampshire 8.8 5.5 6.6 91.2 94.5 * 93.4 New Jersey. - - 21.0 5.7 12.4 .8 14.9 12.9 78.2 79.4 74.7 New Mexico - — . 3.5 69.3 81.9 74.7 13.2 6.5 21.8 17.5 11.6 New York _ _ 28.6 33.9 32.5 71.4 66.1 67.5 North Carolina - 1.4 71.2 76.8 61.2 20.7 17.0 37.4 8.1 6.2 North Dakota __ - 2.8 14.4 11.8 7.8 8.7 6.9 89.4 76.9 81.3 Ohio _ _ 3.6 37.7 36.5 32.4 1.5 .5 64.0 60.8 63.0 Oklahoma. _ _ 5.9 40.2 42.1 8.5 6.4 .8 85.6 53.4 57.1 Oregon _ .4 31 .5 18.5 25.9 15.5 81.5 73.7 53.0 Pennsylvania 14.0 21.2 28.4 86.0 78.8 71.6 Rhode Island _ _ 8.3 10.7 8.9 91.7 89.3 91.1 South Carolina. - 26.9 49.9 65.4 27.0 5.3 4.6 46.1 44.8 30.0 South Dakota _ _ .5 8.5 5.2 3.5 5.6 99.5 88.0 89.2 Tennessee - 23.7 34.3 36.0 35.6 49.6 46.6 40.7 16.1 17.4 Texas _ _ 35.9 41.3 46.1 64.1 58.7 53.9 Utah 32.1 41.3 48.1 35.5 67.9 23.2 51.9 Vermont. 12.4 17.1 13.7 87.6 82.9 86.3 Virginia - 28.5 34.7 41.3 31.5 37.7 32.2 40.0 27.6 26.5 Washington _ 26.2 61.3 69.2 16.1 5.5 2.9 57.7 33.2 27.9 West "Virginia 7.7 52.4 56.3 47.6 43.7 92.3 Wisconsin _ 16.2 18.7 24.5 8.6 9.6 7.0 75.2 71.7 68.5 Wyoming - 1.3 5.9 6.5 25.7 27.6 23.5 73.0 66.5 70.0 District of Columbia 22.9 14.6 8.7 77.1 85.4 91.3 10 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Expenditures The total expenditures for public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, excluding capital outlay, debt retirement, and interest was about $1,941,800,000 in 1939-40, $2,068,000,000 in 1941-42, and $2,293,000,000 in 1943-44 (table X). Including capital outlay and interest, but excluding payments on the prin¬ cipal of bonds and other debts, expenditures amounted to approxi¬ mately $2,331,000,000 in 1939-40, $2,314,000,000 in 1941-42, and $2,444,000,000 in 1943-44. Current Expense The current expense of State school systems includes adminis¬ tration costs at State, county, intermediate, and local levels. The percentage of expenditures for administrative purposes for 1939- 40, 1941-42, and 1943-44 were, respectively, 4.7, 4.9, and 4.8 percent of the total current expense. Teachers salaries accounted for most of the increases in instructional expense. Due to war conditions under which needed supplies could not be secured, the expenditures for teaching supplies and other expenses decreased. Fixed charges increased due to the increase in teacher-retirement systems. The current expense per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance was $88.09 in 1939-40, $98.31 in 1941-42, and $116.99 in 1943-44. Decreasing enrollments contributed to increases in per pupil costs. Table X. — Total expenditures , excluding debt retirement of State school systems, for specified years, by purpose Purpose 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 Total' current expense . _ General control _ . _ Instruction.. _ . _ Operation _ - Maintenance- _ _ _ Auxiliary agencies _ _ Fixed charges _ _ Capital outlay _ . _ Interest.. . _ $1,843,551,708 $1,941,799,228 $2,067,660,387 $2,293,337,099 78,679,502 1,317,727,233 216,072,433 78,810,238 101,992,622 50,269,680 91,570,594 1,403,284,523 194,365,182 73,321,441 129,141,210 50,116,278 101,463,403 1,457,876,554 209,788,468 78,862,199 138,951,113 80,718,650 110,630,693 1,590,633,805 238.773.787 77,323,913 169.522.787 106,452,114 $370,877,969 92,535,880 $257,973,601 130,908,959 $137,552,326 108,781,446 $53,856,462 96,804,865 School Property The reported value of all public-school property in the 48 States and the District of Columbia was $7,635,000,000 in 1939-40, $7,801,000,000 in 1941-42, and $7,928,000,000 in 1943-44. The number of school buildings has decreased from 222,660 in 1941-42 to 209,309 in 1943-44, During the same period one-room State School Systems 11 schools decreased from 107,692 to 96,302, or 10.6 percent. The decreasing number of one-room schools is brought about chiefly by consolidation and the transportation of pupils. Table XI. — One-room buildings as a percent of all buildings in use for specified years All One-room buildings All One-room buildings Year buildings in use Number Percent of total Year buildings in use Number Percent of total 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1909-10 265,474 271,319 212,448 187,948 165,417 80.0 1933-34 . . 242,929 237,816 229,394 226,762 222,660 138,542 130,708 57.0 1919-20 69.3 1935-36 _ 55.0 1923-24 263,280 255,551 248,117 245,951 62.8 1937-38 _ 121,178 52.8 1927-28 153,306 148,712 143,445 60.0 1939-40 113,600 107,692 50.1 1929-30 59.9 1941-42 _ 48.4 1931-32 _ 58.3 1943-44 . . 209,309 96,302 46.0 Retirement Funds By 1943-44 teacher-retirement funds had been set up in all but 8 States. State and local payments to these funds are in¬ cluded in fixed charges. The following totals are for the State retirement system in 37 States and the District of Columbia and most of the independent local teacher-retirement systems in 23 States reporting these items : Balance on hand July 1, 1943 _ Amounts added during the year by — State _ $36,798,843 Local administrative units _ 42,794,272 Participants _ 58,100,649 Earnings and miscellaneous _ 49,383,769 Total balances and receipts. Payments _ Balance on hand July 1, 1944: Cash and invest¬ ments _ Indebtedness School indebtedness reported for the year ending June 30, 1944, was: Bonds, $2,253,012,000 and other forms of indebtedness $120,- 462,000, or a total indebtedness of $2,373,474,000. This is a con¬ siderable decrease from $2,677,078,000 in 1940 and $2,561,878,000 in 1942. The indebtedness per pupil in average daily attendance was $128.65 in 1940 and $121.08 in 1944. This decreasing indebted¬ ness is caused partly by the shortage of building material which in turn stops the issue of bonds for building purposes. $1,293,273,618 187,077,533 1,480,351,151 80,290,184 1,400,060,967 696973—46—3 12 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table XII. — School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance for specified years , by State State School indebtedness Interest payments 1935-36 1939-40 1943-44 1935-36 1939-40 1943-44 1 2 3 '4 5 6 7 Continental United States _ $136.47 $128.65 $121.08 $5.96 $5.94 $4.94 Alabama _ 39.03 39.62 18.65 1.64 ! .87 .76 Arizona _ 134.37 106.09 74.32 7.74 5.77 3.42 Arkansas _ 67.02 63.42 65.16 2.60 2.83 2.41 California _ 199.68 172.71 136.12 9.53 8.22 6.36 Colorado _ 144.11 120.97 98.49 7.33 5.34 4.42 Connecticut _ 172.44 137.25 118.34 7.75 5.36 4.53 Delaware _ _ 50.53 58.87 64.21 1.60 1.58 1.26 Florida _ 184.47 155.56 145.33 9.14 7.32 6.74 Georgia. _ _ r. _ 34.96 18.80 41.78 2.17 .96 .25 Idaho _ 84.81 81.78 71.68 4.57 3.60 2.45 Illinois _ 170.26 157.49 187.42 8.59 5.91 5.33 Indiana _ 76.43 70.06 50.47 3.51 3.05 1.99 Iowa _ 101.85 96.77 75.23 5.67 3.86 2.75 Kansas _ _ 78.48 78.85 50.45 6.90 5.24 5.66 Kentucky _ 38.29 36.07 31.62 1.40 2.12 1.34 Louisiana _ 70.13 73.15 70.05 4.54 4.09 3.30 Maine _ 36.98 34.98 32.40 1.44 1.29 1.09 Maryland. _ 165.58 154.13 131.56 7.33 I 6.48 5.54 Massachusetts- _ _ 70.40 64.34 37.97 2.75 2.14 1.26 Michigan _ 201.63 140.91 135.27 6.50 8.29 5.70 Minnesota _ _ 133.17 128.54 121.90 5.96 3.82 1.38 Mississippi _ 18.99 30.68 32.69 1.33 .52 .10 Missouri _ 89.85 85.40 68.34 4.03 3.44 2.62 Montana _ _ 79.51 ' 77.63 51.68 2.56 1.82 .76 Nebraska _ 115.39 110.22 105.79 5.14 2.70 2.87 Nevada _ 114.14 107.43 70.77 4.66 5.10 2.74 New Hampshire _ 73.40 65.80 46.98 2.94 2.30 1.58 New Jersey _ 294.26 267.27 251.17 13.27 12.12 11.48 New Mexico __ _ 61.19 53.60 46.16 2.88 3.23 2.36 New York _ 303.89 335.67 326.58 12.76 13.04 13.37 North Carolina _ 118.50 76.92 66.57 4.51 3.53 2.97 North Dakota _ _ 105.56 83.62 42.25 5.64 5.82 4.32 Ohio _ 173.22 147.34 109.99 8.79 7.46 5.12 Oklahoma. _ 111.50 107.34 125.39 4.90 4.86 2.30 Oregon _ 120.13 89.94 47.92 6.20 4.43 2.71 Pennsylvania _ _ 157.98 169.43 160.66 4.59 13.60 12.55 Rhode Island _ 270.01 291.33 329.84 11.14 11.36 12.16 South Carolina _ 48.88 47.16 29.06 2.69 2.97 2.32 South Dakota _ __ 107.98 91.12 62.71 4.65 5.21 2.79 Tennessee _ 62.97 60.35 62.13 3.09 1.32 .54 Texas _ 26.16 145.27 237.32 4.85 4.96 5.75 Utah _ _ 96.55 83.44 66.83 3.96 3.27 2.45 Vermont _ _ 44.76 52.40 57.60 2.03 1.12 .91 Virginia _ _ _ 62.23 61.74 61.11 1 2.74 2.47 1.17 Washington _ 94.23 74.93 39.35 4.62 3.25 1.99 West Virginia _ 30.64 32.24 27.77 1.65 1.54 1.06 Wisconsin. _ _ _ 68.43 47.82 32.97 2.91 2.75 .66 Wyoming _ 129.28 122.95 117.72 4.87 1.48 .54 Schools for Negroes Separate schools for white and Negro pupils are maintained by 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia. These States make a separate report to the U. S. Office of Education on schools for Negroes, but complete information is not always available for Negro schools (tables 32 to 40), State School Systems 13 Enrollments Although the total Negro population increased 13 percent between 1920 and 1940, the school population, ages 5 to 17, inclusive, decreased 2.5 percent. During this time enrollments in elementary schools for Negroes increased from 2,070,374 in 1919- 20 to 2,266,913 in 1933-34, or an increase of 9.5 percent (table 36) ; and then decreased to 2,029,368 in 1943-44, a decrease of 10.5 percent for the 10-year period. High-school enrollment (the last 4 years of the school system) increased from 33,341 in 1919- 20 to 273,183 in 1941-42, but then decreased to 247,374 during the year 1943-44. During the 2-year period between 1941-42 and 1943-44 the enrollment of high-school boys decreased from 107,183 to 84,886 and girls decreased from 166,000 to 162,488, a decrease of 22,297 boys and 3,512 girls. High-school enrollments in 1943-44 in States having nonsegregated schools is 37.2 percent of the ele¬ mentary school enrollment. High-school facilities for Negro pupils only would have to be increased to three times their present facili¬ ties to accommodate the same proportion of Negro elementary school pupils. Attendance and School Term In the 4 years from 1939-40 to 1943-44 the number of Negro pupils in average daily attendance hits decreased, but at a slower rate than the decrease in enrollment. Between 1939-40 and 1943- 44 (table 32) the percentage of enrollment in average daily attend¬ ance increased from 80.4 percent to 81.4; the average annual length of school term increased from 156 days to 164 days; and the average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in¬ creased from 126 days to 133, all showing improving conditions during the 4-year period. Teachers and Other Instructional Staff Even though enrollments have decreased, the total number of instructional staff has increased. Salary data are not available for all States, but the average salary for Negro teachers in States reporting increased approximately 50 percent between 1939-40 and 1943-44. The number of pupils enrolled per classroom teacher has been as follows: 1919-20, 55; 1929-30, 45; 1939-40, 38; and 1943-44, 35 pupils. The pupil-teacher ratio for the 31 States not having separate schools for Negroes is 27.5. Table 1. — Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools. 1870-1944 14 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 1943-44 138,083,449 28,930,000 23,266,616 5,553,520 19,602,772 3,440,876,724 126,672 701,318 827,990 209,309 $7,928,129,584 $24,984,047 1,646,498,185 831,968,626 100,871,569 $2,604,322,427 $53,856,462 1,551,275,675 847,448,899 2,452,581,036 es T 05 © 134,656,078 29,183,560 24,562,473 6,387,805 21,031,322 3, 673 ,'423, 307 183,194 675,694 858,888 222,660 $7,801,417,262 $27,146,338 1,562,947,223 742,275,913 84,210,095 2,416,579,569 $137,552,326 1,435,407,195 749,738,167 2,322,697,688 o T i o> A 131,891,632 29,805,259 25,433,542 6,601,444 22,042,151 3,858,012,335 194,725 680,752 875,477 226,762 $7,635,112,546 $23,104,293 1,490,424,784 658,983,264 88,014,704 2,260,527,045 $267,973,601 1,369,510,172 716,565,154 2,344,048,927 1929-30 00 122,775,046 31,571,322 25,678,015 4,399,422 21,264,886 3,672,765,005 141,771 712,492 854,263 247,289 $6,211,327,040 $27,516,517 1,645,687,651 329,312,434 86,040,235 2,088,556,837 $370,877,969 1,295,201,424 650,710,991 2,316,790,384 1919-20 b- 105,710,620 27,728,788 21,578,316 2,200,389 16,150,035 2,615,161,151 98,654 583,648 3 s h <0 ' 271,319 $2,409,719,120 $26,036,098 758,896,551 134,278,753 50,908,896 970,120,298 $153,542,852 613,404,578 269,203,779 1,036,151,209 1909-10 Sfi 91,972,266 24,239,948 17,813,852 3915,061 12,827,307 2,011,477,065 110,481 412,729 523,210 265,474 $1,091,007,512 $14,096,555 312,221,582 64,604,701 42,140,859 433,063,697 $69,978,370 253,915,170 102,356,894 1 1 n © w q s OOO CO ^ 05 . 'tfu; qco cqu- as^s s-- ®* ®s 8 <3.-0 1 « So o ^oogga® 5 m w d .11: wiD - u a) ™ ° *8-3.3 »ft§ ^ ’3 jfl o a o raj 111 ® a - o'-e a>-a ft d P c3 t- a a b- (M U 00 Oi -as «g s a *o 1 P©1-1©© ©©h-*-<© OONOOINN b- t- ^ b- CO © -h g o 3 j-ss ^ 0 M 5 S -g 03 o||i ©CO^H --H © © © l-H © d 3 « S-d.2 c3 .ss t a « 03 « §0 r< u; < d .2 d >» cn_d State School Systems 17 Table 3. — Basic administrative units , by level of instruction offered, by State , 1943-44 18 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Other administrative units Elementary and secondary grades 13 19,764 000-VC003 NiOONH rHrHCOOCO 00 O »-H CM CO © © 00 CO 00003 00 00 ^ CM 00 rH 03© Ot'-OOUOOO 03 CO cO CD t-- 1- CO CO 03 00 30 CM -HrH ,-H CO 00 03 rH rH CMOO HjCCOt^rHCO rH Secondary grades only CM 1,667 O O O 00 CM ,-H O O © CM CM-^O-tf© ©000© 0©0©0 CO O CM co © oo co oo feM <-* rH CM CO 00 Elementary grades only 5 89,048 30 30 t— O 03 00 © © O © 30 hJc 00 © Hfc OOOtr© -tfOCMOOOO ^Ht^CM o © co oo v © o © oo h i-h03 CMoo©©Tf H^no 00 00-^cq 03 CMCOC3CM 00 rHrH CM^CM^OOCOCO CM »—i CO rH CM* rH rH CO 30 t-T H* f-T rH © Total o 110,479 43 365 2,451 2,794 1,920 171 15 0 1,197 1,129 11,998 979 4,856 6,573 137 3 500 1 351 5,037 7,680 4,945 8,627 1,800 7,004 257 240 563 Entire county and county except independent units Elementary and secondary grades C3 766 t^OOOO 0HN©0 ©OOO-tf H'OCOOO rtOOOO 0©0 © ** ©CM rH © CM Secondary grades only 00 ' / 22 ^ ©©OO© oooo© ooooo ©oo©o oooot- ©oo Elementary grades only r» CO ©oooo ooooo oooo© ooooo ooooo ooo Total CO 794 t-OOOO OHt»©0 OOOOO -TOCOO© HOOON ooo © " ©CM CM © CM rH Total Elementary and secondary grades lrt 20,530 100^003 CM©trC0rH rH rH GO 03 t- O hJ3 Tf3 CM t-- 30 © CO © OCOC3 O 00 h»c CM 00 rH © CM © O fr 00 © hJ< © 03 CM CO r}3 ©©I^r-00 00 0300 rH 30 CM CM rH rH © 00 03 CM rH CM CO Tf< © rH © rH Secondary grades only 1,689 OOOOON rH O O O (N^O^O OOOO i OOOOh- CDOC © © ^ rH rH CO CQ lOIN^INCO CO ^t(NiC CO 00 rH fc>» t*< ON f-H COCO © (N CO ° LO O © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till — ooo 1,542 4,977 0 1,857 534 3,717 1,504 1,348 10 1,397 2,545 0 2,084 0 25 0 570 0 5,841 302 0 54 NOON 1.730 5.730 70 2,272 1,605 4,448 1,720 2,504 39 1,742 2,868 61 6,121 5 268 24 838 0 6,401 396 1 85 74 1 0 10 ©© © !©©^ ©©COIO i-uO © © © lO©© © © - © 1-iCO © © 1 i 1 i I i o oooo OO ONOON OOOi-iO ooooo ooo o 57 ©©t^© lO ©© © '<©© * ©©©©© ©©©©© ©©© © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 © ©ooo OO OtNOOO 000^*0 HIOOOO ooo o o O) —ICO o o 57 ©©t-© lO Tjico OlOrtrtM OOO COO 00 O CO Tf O OOtJ< — •>* — i CO CO iONtCOO TfTjiTjipqO ooooo — it- — 1 if ON — 1 — CO CO — l © NhN t}< 30 CO r-H © CO T-H 58 1 0 57 0 1,542 4,977 0 1,857 534 3,717 1,504 1,348 10 1,397 2,545 2,084 0 25 0 570 0 5,841 302 0 ■<* m l>©©^ 1.730 5.730 170 2,274 1,605 4,448 1,726 2,504 39 1,742 2,872 156 6,132 40 268 124 838 55 6,401 396 1 142 ^hno lOH New Mexico * _ New York _ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio . . . Oklahoma _ ._ Oregon . . . Pennsylvania . . - - Rhode Island _ _ . South Carolina . . South Dakota _ Tennessee.. _ _ Texas _ Utah _ Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington _ West Virginia _ _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ _ _ District of Columbia . . Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska - ' - Canal Zone _ . Puerto Rico _ . Virgin Islands _ 696973—46—4 20 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 4. — Personnel in State offices of education , by State , 1943-44. ( Regular and vocational ) State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Total State super¬ intend¬ ents or com¬ mission¬ ers of educa¬ tion Deputy or as¬ sistant State super¬ intend¬ ents or commis¬ sioners of edu¬ cation Region¬ al and district admin¬ istra¬ tive and super¬ visory person¬ nel Direc¬ tors, heads, and chiefs of service Other profes¬ sional staff Clerical assist¬ ants Opera¬ tion and main¬ tenance em¬ ployees Full¬ time Part- time I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States. _ _ _ 4,352 49 98 302 423 1,056 2,225 78 121 71 1 4 28 38 35 1 1 4 7 22 62 1 1 8 3 16 33 156 1 9 16 12 9 90 19 48 1 1 15 5 19 7 119 1 12 5 45 55 1 35 1 1 4 9 17 2 1 Florida _ _ 61 1 2 14 32 12 144 1 1 46 10 5 79 2 31 1 1 3 16 10 139 10 12 10 33 73 43 1 1 10 29 2 76 1 10 3 12 48 1 55 1 1 7 15 27 4 83 1 1 12 10 12 45 2 Louisiana _ 98 1 17 34 38 8 Maine _ 41 1 4 7 3 25 1 Maryland— _ 28 1 1 4 9 ] H 1 M assach usetts _ _ _ 249 1 7 1 48 192 Michigan _ 203 1 1 18 63 120 Minnesota. _ _ _ 77 1 1 9 17 49 Mississippi _ 38 1 1 6 17 13 Missouri _ 79 1 1 10 11 19 34 3 Montana _ _ 62 1 1 4 8 7 31 Nebraska. _ 41 1 4 11 23 1 Nevada _ _ _ 15 1 6 4 4 New Hampshire . . . 33 1 15 16 New Jersey _ _ 72 1 5 3 25 38 New Mexico _ 33 1 1 2 10 4 15 New York _ 779 1 11 38 265 379 85 North Carolina _ 112 1 13 6 38 41 13 North Dakota _ _ 24 1 1 5 10 7 Ohio 105 1 2 41 61 Oklahoma _ _ _ 116 1 19 12 17 64 2 Oregon _ _ . 42 1 4 12 17 8 Pennsylvania _ _ _ 218 1 2 92 26 28 69 Rhode Island _ 17 1 1 6 7 _ 3 South Carolina _ 66 1 8 20 6 31 South Dakota _ _ 19 1 1 1 8 2 6 1 Tennessee . . . 79 1 1 6 15 14 36 1 5 Texas. _ _ _ 81 1 1 12 13 6 42 4 2 Utah _ 24 1 1 10 1 11 Vermont . . . . . 30 1 1 2 8 4 13 1 Virginia. _ _ 110 1 1 5 58 45 Washington ... 53 1 7 14 26 6 West Virginia _ 41 •l 1 15 23 1 Wisconsin . _ . . 85 1 3 12 8 21 40 Wyoming . 26 1 2 10 12 1 District of Columbia _ 108 1 9 29 69 Outlying parts of the United States _ 317 6 11 66 19 68 134 13 Alaska _ 5 1 I 1 2 Canal Zone _ 13 4 1 7 Hawaii 60 1 2 9 10 8 30 Puerto Rico 222 2 67 5 67 87 13 Virgin Islands _ _ _ 17 2 2 2 3 8 Table 5. — Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants , by State , 1 State School Systems 21 Table 5. — Number of instructional staff and clerical assistants , by State, 1943-44. — Continued. 22 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Clerical assist¬ ants Sec¬ ond¬ ary! l ^ I l i i ill i i i i l i l i i i Tf< i i lit i i ^ i i i i i i i i GO ' < i iii i i i i i i i i i i iii Ele¬ men¬ tary 1 © fZ z%z Total in¬ clud¬ ing undis trib- uted items co III II II 1 1 1 1 1 III iii i i © i i © i i ■ > iOOiii iii iicmii r>. i i i i io>ii III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rH 1 1 1 III II II 1 1 1 1 1 III § & § 1 1 1 Teachers Secondaryi Women 4, 809 3, 197 4,318 817 2,376 184 747 6, 240 471 17, 309 4, 083 983 10. 082 4, 181 1,724 14, 434 1, 270 2,757 1.060 3,316 Men to 2.190 645 2, 035 536 901 105 411 3, 354 450 11, 007 1.191 507 6. 834 1, 158 718 8, 788 498 832 547 1,394 Total J2 6, 999 3, 842 6. 353 1.353 3, 277 289 1,158 9,594 921 28, 316 5, 274 1,490 16, 916 5. 339 2, 442 23, 222 1,768 3, 589 1, 607 4,710 Elementary Women 811§§ 18111 lisll sills hoVm® ,-t 10 c& QgNjToo?^ or-tooco Men CO 222 769 1, 259 193 123 22 48 718 311 1, 347 1,040 380 1,793 858 151 2,483 27 655 149 1,345 Total «M ©T*Tt<©© CO r-< CO © CM 0000^0 ^ OO CM © OO OWN*?! coKSioS ooS^ioi^ pf i> eo ® i-T jo » 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ;§S2S i ss i S IH CM • HN 1 1 1 1 135 1 ^ © 1 © 1 CM 1 OWOODfN ©©^H 00 © © © © CO CD O © i-i ^ © *«* CM f-T Tf'CM COCO rH 2,774 64 50 638 1,996 26 3,556 1,120 152 1, 065 1, 445 1, 668 2, 014 221 357 1,026 !NN©Oh CM © © CO »-i © 14, 716 2, 023 620 5, 234 4, 177 5, 133 5,519 672 1.575 3,800 86 107 1,044 2, 526 37 26, 990 2, 198 1,842 11,311 6, 713 8, 328 13,120 1,515 1,547 5,426 181 96 1,540 3, 511 98 N»OCO»00 COCM*>. CM ©00^1^© CD N iQ CO cm cm t'- CO 00 1,152 © © CM 00 n © 28, 197 2, 483 1, 885 12.086 7, 063 10, 191 13, 892 1,572 1,579 6,578 ©CM CM © © © CM CM CM © CM H N ^ H 38, 150 3, 101 2,310 15, 480 9,445 11,793 16, 625 1,966 2. 765 8,200 © © oo r- ^ Tt< ^ © CM CM H H © H CM © 4, 763 1, 405 195 1,840 1,795 3,531 2, 786 278 389 2,178 41 83 588 1,448 18 42, 913 4, 506 2. 505 17, 320 11. 240 15,324 19, 411 2, 244 3,154 10,378 © © © © CM 00 CM © © ^ CM CM © n CM© l l © 00 H icon rl CO 00 Oi ■ CM 1 © CM CD n • CM « rf 284 © CO CO CO Is- © CM ID 00 © ! CD i CD CD CD CO © i i-i iNh 00 © i ^ * CM 213 © © © © CO 1-H 2, 070 156 91 674 643 679 37 147 516 © ©00 CM H n CM CO CM n CO OOrl© 1 © 1 O © Tf< CM rH 1 © 1 © CM CM CM ; ;*-• neoN 1 1— i i oo © co © I © 1 CM CM © CM © i © i i ©^C^©r-H ioo© 11 © 1-H IHTJI CM n CM i-H ICO 68 CO © Tt< © © 45, 102 4,716 2,598 18, 240 11,994 15. 324 20, 408 2. 321 3.328 CM © © O © CM © © © © ^ CO CM OO CO 1-H cm rC Texas . Utah _ _ _ _ Vermont . Virginia . Washington . . West Virginia . - Wisconsin . . Wyoming . . District of Columbia _ Outlying parts of the United States _ _ Alaska .. . . .. Canal Zone. . - Hawaii... . . Puerto Rico . . . Virgin Islands . . 1<3 'O'O sa 'o’o fl d Table 6. — Health , transportation, custodial, and other employees in public day schools , by State, 1943-44 24 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 State School Systems 25 rH 1 1 1 Z Zl CC r-» 00 « C M O ■~'55 a ^ > as o ill 1 £££ Q c « jf* « o a r C£ M 3*3 c * « « 03 d 3.J3 OHPh> Table 7. — Administrative units providing indicated type of auxiliary service at public expense, by State, 1943-44 Tuition Second¬ ary Biet NNLA © SURVET 1 CO 00 O l 00 05 • CM Y 0 iF Er i i - • N- )E rcAr noN, 05 tO H CM to i-l CO 194 :2 -L 14 i co i lO to 1 rH CO 36 1, 552 19 Ele¬ men¬ tary 00 ID CO 00 iNCMO i CM 00 ^ • rH 1 O 05 cm i r- i CM CO CM 1 to o 1 rH CM l tr i 5 i50 f< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 School libraries Second¬ ary l"» 25,123 110 58 399 79 16 67 118 10, 661 67 24 234 4, 939 484 665 • co l 05 to I !>• 1 05 05 i O rH i 05 Ele¬ men¬ tary ID 34 ,780 on^cdco r^oo»-i H CO 00 H COrHCO HNNH H CO © N^H05^ CM co cm to co oo CO 05 ^ rH V cm" _9?I _ 14 5, 730 779 ! ! co 1 1 1 1 1 1 Transportation Second¬ ary in 11,751 OOiNOSCO 05 rH 05 CM 05 rH CD »ON tO Hh CO CM CO O 00 CM CM CO 05 N- rH CM CO CO 00 o COOO Tf O CO CO 708 729 1,582 35 Ele¬ men¬ tary s 18,299 05 CO CO »0 CO 05 t-h OJOCOHH COON CM »0 H i-t CM lO^HN O CO CM tO 05 CM CO ^ 1,167 18 237 122 4, 182 708 729 1, 582 35 Periodic dental examination Second¬ ary CO 6,452 O O i i CM CO 1 to CM 1 rH CM HC0005 00 oo J2 o 1 I 05 i co i i 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary CM 12 ,039 i 0 05^0 1 H r— t CM 1 rH ! CM tO i to CO 1 rH 1 1 1 O rH O O 05 ^ CO CO tO N CM HNHH to 68 Periodic physical examination Second¬ ary 3 CM 00 05 CO CO CM N N 199 ‘01 ^ oooo CO CO CM CM rH rH CM 05 CO O CO 00 00 to 1,156 .39 Ele¬ men¬ tary o 27,359 O CM CO 05 h CD CO cO i-i CMH CO CO © rH 00 00 to CO CM CO rH 240 525 5, 730 178 419 1, 182 2, 504 39 Attendance service Second¬ ary 05 2,805 rH 05 CO 05 CO CO ^ O 1 NHHCOrH HHrf< CM rH i i N- CO H< i i tO CM i • CM i i 05 CO oo to CM 05 to CO 00 Ele¬ men¬ tary oo a 5 00 r-H 05 lO 00 CO CO ^ O N O CM Tf rH rH rH H< rH CM rH 257 3 24 2 240 551 5. 730 O CM CM 05 to to co rH 00 Visiting teachers Second¬ ary h* CM CO ' rH 1 1 CM rH rH ! 00 i co i Ele¬ men¬ tary ID 407 ^ CM O rH o CM HH 'lOO 1 CO 1 150 "0 h- CM l tO CO CO i i Part-time day and evening classes Second¬ ary in 687 CM CO 00 rH CO CM CM ^ rH CM CM 3 1 51 125 21 o CO © CM O CM I- H tO ^ o Ele¬ men¬ tary 576 CO CO IH 1 CO CO CM rH CO O CO O co OCO rH i-H tO tO CM CO xn CD C/J 00 08 'o [3 o | . 1 i i - : 1 . • r^e* i tji • i . 1 • i *-* i i 1 r-t 1 ^ | . < Ol • i s . . - i« «g ' i i • • 1 . . ' 1 i i i • - j» jSS • i i i IQ jj M C5 13 679 CO^WIOO t^iOCOlNiO HOrfNH C0HfHrHO hH5OhJ0 rH N IN NNhh N©rH CO rH rH rH O 0 05 CO CO 505 OC0©l>O ©Ot^OO NNHO00 rH CO 00 00 CO t- 00 rH © CO rH-^NOOO rH H CO rH rH CO N CO CO rH rH 50 rH N rH O 005 0 ©Hj(0©0 ©COTtKNOO NHOO^fO t^©©lOO ©©©©rH Tjl© © rHT^O©© IN © rH © rHN © rH O Hjl CO rH C0C0©rH H}l HH N rH CO - 37,406 ©C0©00 OCOOOO 05 rH t-h CO CO CO©OrHO NMOSO IN © O © © IN© © ©©©© IN rH rH © ©IN rH rH N © rHN t-- br rH © rH rH © NO N f~ rH CO CO©©© N N N tP Number of teach¬ ing posi¬ tions fO 8,019 00©t(I0 0©0©0 HiOOHN N © © © O ©OO©© 'fOHOffl CO CO rH©brC0 CO N© Tfl rH O rH lO rH rH © © rH© Total units N 62,809 0©rlH© trCOt-t-Hfl HMHNH O CO © © © 00 © 00 O O0Ht00©rH rH CO 50 b— rH CO © © © N ©©OONN © Tf © CO b- OtJICOHHI ©NC0©O rHCOrflrH 00 N COrHCO©© NN©NH ©T}J_ ^ N rH 00 N HjT to b- oo" b- © h rfi CO © State, District of Columbia, or outlying part - States reporting _ Alabama _ _ Arizona . Arkansas Connecticut _ Delaware.. Florida _ _ Iowa _ . _ Kentucky. _ _. _ _ ... Louisiana _ _ _ Maryland. _ .. _ Massachusetts _ Michigan _ Minnesota. _ . . Missouri _ Nebraska.. _ Nevada _ _ _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey. _ . New York. . . _ North Carolina _ Ohio _ Oklahoma - - - - - Rhode Island _ South Dakota _ . . Utah. . . . . Vermont _ _ _ Virginia. ... Washington. _ _ West Virginia _ _. Wisconsin _ .. State School Systems 29 o »H is OHOU5 •I o (0 oooo «-i o r- OOON o o 35 oooo - o OONO 0 9 26 coocoo 7 0 29 HOMO Rico _ 30 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 9. — Percentage of men teachers in public day schools at different dates , by State State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Percentage of Men Teachers 1 ^ 1 O rH ! 00 N 1879-80 1889-90 1899- 1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States 41 .0 42 .8 34.5 29 .9 21.1 14.1 16.6 22.2 21 .3 15.3 Alabama.. . . . 66.8 63.8 62.9 30.1 35.0 20.3 16.4 19.4 16.4 11.0 47.5 38.8 27.3 17.0 10.8 16.9 27.5 25.4 18.5 Arkansas.. - - 75.6 78.4 68.5 59.7 47.0 31.2 27.3 28.1 23.5 16.0 -California _ 40.0 33.6 21.4 17.8 13.8 12.2 16.1 20.0 20.0 23.4 Colorado . . - 48.8 36.4 26.2 20.9 15.6 9.2 17.2 24.0 25.2 14.8 Connecticut . . 22.1 122.8 i 13.4 19.0 6.2 7.3 9.1 16.5 16.1 10.4 Delaware - - 29.9 46.6 31.0 25.3 13.7 10.8 13.7 21.1 22.1 15.0 Florida . . -- 65.7 61.6 48.0 36. D 25.7 15.8 13.5 15.5 14.4 8.5 Georgia - - 71.4 165.2 53.3 44.0 24.4 13.1 13.9 17.9 14.6 10.9 Idaho . . 64.3 57.4 133.4 31.2 25.5 14.8 23.3 34.7 36.4 19.4 Illinois-- . . 43.5 39.7 32.5 26.4 18.5 15.0 19.0 23.7 22.8 15.5 Indiana _ _ _ 60.5 57.5 51.1 46.2 35.7 16.9 25.3 30.3 29.9 23.2 Iowa _ 39.0 33.6 20.6 17.2 9.8 8.2 8.7 14.2 13.8 7.9 Kansas _ _ 47.2 45.1 40.8 32.7 18.0 12.1 18.1 20.3 19.5 11.2 Kentucky . . 66.0 64.6 49.8 45.5 41.7 21.0 20.9 29.9 23.8 13.6 Louisiana - 50.9 46.1 44.7 47.9 21.4 13.7 14.3 20.0 18.3 12.2 Maine . . 24.4 i 27.2 1 16.0 1 16.4 11.2 8.5 14.2 19.1 18.1 13.1 Maryland - - - — 45.0 42.6 27.8 21.7 17.1 11.5 14.6 19.2 18.7 13.6 Massachusetts.. - - 12.7 13.2 9.8 8.8 9.1 8.6 14.7 18.8 19.4 18.6 Michigan . . 26.3 29.2 22.3 20.3 14.0 11.5 17.6 22.5 23.2 17.1 Minnesota - - 33.7 25.9 23.9 19.4 12.0 8.8 12.9 18.0 18.0 12.7 Mississippi . . . . 60.8 61.2 49.6 44.2 31.0 22.0 16.1 19.7 19.2 9.2 Missouri - 65.3 58.1 44.4 37.6 26.4 16.2 18.2 26.1 21.0 13.9 Montana - - - - 60.3 38.5 22.9 16.6 12.0 10.7 12.8 23.5 23.9 15.4 Nebraska . . 51.9 40.7 27.1 21.8 11.9 7.3 10.8 15.3 14.2 8.2 Nevada. . . . 32.4 46.7 16.3 11.1 10.8 9.0 14.5 27.3 23.9 13.6 New Hampshire - 15.0 16.8 9.8 8.9 7.1 8.3 12.6 20.6 21.0 15.4 New Jersey - 32.5 28.5 18.4 12.9 12.3 10.5 12.0 19.6 20.2 16.0 New Mexico— . . 91.7 78.0 162.2 1 55. 2 34.4 20.6 21.5 21.6 21.6 18.5 New York - - - - 22.9 26.0 16.9 14.9 11.7 10.3 13.0 20.9 21.7 17.9 North Carolina - 73.2 171.3 59.1 49.4 28.5 15.8 16.0 16.0 14.9 9.1 North Dakota - - 24.7 140.8 28.3 28.8 17.4 12.3 16.8 23.5 21.5 13.2 Ohio - - - 43.2 47.8 43.1 40.4 31.1 18.0 20.0 29.2 29.0 22.0 Oklahoma _ _ 42.8 26.2 18.9 23.4 26.9 25.9 12.6 Oregon. . . . . 51.7 48.3 43.3 28.4 19.4 12.8 11.8 20.9 18.9 12.1 Pennsylvania . . . . 42.8 45.5 34.2 32.0 22.6 16.3 17.4 26.3 25.8 20.1 Rhode Island - 20.4 20.2 12.6 9.5 8.9 7.8 11.8 19.2 18.0 14.2 South Carolina _ 62.4 59.5 49.6 1 43. 5 23.1 14.7 14.8 17.6 15.2 9.9 South Dakota - (2) (2) 29.0 24.4 16.6 10.5 15.0 21.2 19.1 9.8 Tennessee.. . . . . . 75.0 74.4 61.8 1 54.0 37.0 22.4 20.8 25.9 22.3 14.1 Texas . . . . 77.3 i 75.0 61.1 48.9 30.8 18.0 18.2 22.6 21.1 11.1 Utah.. _ _ _ _ 55.0 54.5 46.6 36.5 26.6 24.9 29.2 38.5 38.8 31.2 Vermont _ 16.5 16.8 12.0 13.6 8.9 3.7 8.6 11.7 12.3 7.8 Virginia - 64.5 61.8 41.5 31.5 19.9 10.9 11.3 17.1 13.2 10.6 Washington . . . 46.5 37.4 40.6 28.9 20.0 13.9 17.0 26.6 27.3 16.0 West Virginia - 79.0 75.2 63.4 57.9 48.0 28.7 28.9 26.9 29.2 23.0 Wisconsin _ 28.8 28.9 19.8 18.4 11.8 8.9 15.3 21.6 22.6 14.4 Wyoming _ _ .. 28.6 44.3 22.4 15.6 12.8 11.0 14.8 21.7 20.3 12.4 District of Columbia ... _. 8.2 7.8 13.0 13.1 11.5 11.9 11.9 15.0 15.3 12.3 Outlying parts of the United States _ _ 53 .0 48 .4 19 .9 21 .5 31.0 Alaska _ _ 11.0 16.2 34.4 28.5 14.3 American Samoa _ . . . 84.6 Canal Zone _ _ _ _ 31.4 47.4 47.5 38.6 36.2 Guam . . . 38.4 30.2 Hawaii _ _ 11.1 16.9 20.7 20.0 21.3 Philippine Islands _ 60.6 55.0 Puerto Rico _ _ 27.8 26.7 22.9 21.5 20.8 Virgin Islands . 35.7 27.4 12.7 j 15.9 Estimated. 2 Included in North Dakota. State School Systems 31 Table 10. — Personnel and expenditures in public , summer , night , adult , part-time , ami continuation schools , by State , 1943-44 Summer or outlying part I Expendi¬ Expendi¬ Teachers Pupils ture when Teachers Pupils ture when reported reported 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1,999 56,161 24,096 1,659,681 143 3,493 856 24,162 294,943 58 4,317 Arkansas _ - _ _ - 27 427 4,218 657 41,976 1,609 1,133 535,697 Colorado _ ' 208 18,295 378 13,441 170,825 74 1,981 19,215 Florida. _ 9 116 4,410 417 16,399 62,713 1,224 65,211 51,393 ,70 1,743 503 20,621 313 21,025 498 24,989 340 10,045 Kentucky _ 467 20,396 450 22,780 40,612 64 1,423 23,812 Maryland _ 130 6,357 24,198 267 5,427 109,649 Massachusetts - - 76 1,405 10,786 758 20,512 811,019 Michigan _ 742 43,829 Minnesota _ 35 1,879 288 9,573 Mississippi 682 32,125 Missouri _ _ _ 754 18,404 Montana _ _ _ 97 2,388 Nebraska _ 199 15,147 Nevada _ _ 20 883 612 New Hampshire 24 398 New Jersey _ _ 224 6,097 53,092 480 16,094 345,686 New Mexico _ 47 1,564 New York _ 2,914 180,841 3,312,811 North Carolina _ 945 22,355 North Dakota _ _ 102 2,302 Ohio _ 444 12,775 115,563 791 25,030 261,273 Oklahoma _ _ 303 12,508 Oregon _ 246 9,572 Pennsylvania _ 197 6,406 904 32,826 Rhode Island 111 2,886 28,480 South Carolina 27 691 898 58,171 38,000 South Dakota 37 1,244 Tennessee 519 23,949 Texas _ _ 1,139 89,564 Utah.. . . 114 18,132 Vermont _ 40 717 Virginia _ .. . . 397 8,637 58,554 701 39,493 232,382 Washington 217 58,795 West Virginia. 195 5,683 Wisconsin _ 68,299 1,597 61,914 2,288,561 Wyoming. 18 531 District of Columbia _ _ 290 7,878 41,048 237 2,323 108,847 Outlying parts of the United States _ 86 1,915 12,242 373 10,782 65,402 Canal Zone _ 4 154 587 80 1,500 14,000 Hawaii 65 3,077 Puerto Rico _ 79 1,730 11,155 216 5,845 48,402 Virgin Islands _ 3 31 500 12 360 3,000 Part-time, continuation, Amer¬ icanization, EVENING, AND ADULT SCHOOLS Table 11. — Original entries, by age, by State, 1943-44 32 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Years of age 20 or over Oi CM CO 1 1 105 t^05 « CD © 00 05 10 1 © 1 ' ' ' Tt< r-* 1 00 CO 05 O ^ 1 i » 1 CM i CO CM CM © • lit i i 670 0 670 05 00 11 ,278 O CO 00 00 CM «ON • ^ Tf< ©^l*- 1-H ONCC05 10 00 CM 1^^ h tO -l b- [ <2 CO lOO COtO^ 1942-43 1 N 100.0 t>. o C5 1> o Tt; o 05 oo in. 05 ^ C.t>.cdiO^ 1941-42 - o 8 <005O050500t>.Tt<0qqqqt^ldd - eji OC co 05 00 100.0 cocoTt-qt>-. ^ q q ^ co ^ -cd‘d^ CO 05 0'00I MHNiC'fHt.C'JOfflMOINN (Ncco5 05 05 05ooo6Idid-i< 1935-36 in 100.0 cOTtjf-qiocsjoqcoqiO-Hr'.qco ci co os os C5 05 oo oo d d ti< to CO CO 05 - © © © CONOONCONNCOONONOiW (M*cd050505 05*o6o6ot^0^cd 1933-34 CO © o © coqqoNNNmioqoooMN (N'jIdosososooodidt^idTjJcd I-H rH 1932-331 N © d o 1C lO (N O GO CO CO o »o 05 O CO O (N cqTjioooiojodooooid^cd H HH Item - Percent in each grade: Total.. ____ Kindergarten _ First . . . Second. _ Third _ Fourth - Fifth _ Sixth. _ _ _ Seventh. .. . .. - Eighth _ _ First year high school _ Second year high school _ Third year high school _ Fourth year high school - Postgraduate _ _ _ 1942-44 Table 13. _ School census and pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, by State, 1943-44 State School Systems 35 Secondary pupils Girls s 3,000,164 57,809 10,182 30,286 173,143 25,706 37,843 5,605 42,081 69,110 15,162 163,185 89,539 61,427 47,055 46,001 52,407 18,142 34,356 90,589 113,920 67,460 39,909 79,278 13,433 35,345 2,886 9,414 93,765 11,114 308,782 Boys 10 2,553,356 38,651 8,895 26,880 159,344 21,625 31,984 4,362 31.731 51,081 13,567 153,507 81,417 54,850 42,888 34,421 37,619 14,054 28,224 84,680 99,248 55,541 26,865 69,027 11.731 32,089 2,635 8,207 85,937 9,706 282,912 Total 5,553,520 96,460 19,077 63,166 332,487 47,331 69,827 9,967 73,812 120,191 28,729 316,692 170,956 116,277 89,943 80,422 90,026 32,196 62,580 175,269 213,168 123,001 66,774 148,305 25,164 67,434 5,521 17,621 179,702 20,820 591,694 Elementary and kindergarten pupils Girls 00 8,631,826 268,423 39,914 166,206 470,620 75,343 88,988 15,014 137,995 277,607 40,003 392,351 229,361 166,612 122,242 216,497 168,363 56,363 106,787 212,487 338,109 162,574 238,287 234,951 32,181 82.425 9,108 23.426 217,947 49,850 650,204 Boys 9,081,270 277,152 42,248 171.525 499,901 79,736 96,611 16,251 143,845 284,351 42,599 415,878 244,521 176,852 130,303 228.525 174,206 59,965 112,680 229,839 347,312 175,187 242,531 248,562 34,425 87,730 9,626 25,397 233,713 50,897 696,164 Total <£ 17,713,096 ^ 545,575 ^ 82,162 337,731 970,521 155,079 185,599 31,265 281,840 561,958 82,602 808,229 473,882 343,464 252,545 445,022 342,569 116,328 219,467 442,326 685,421 337,761 480,818 483,513 66,606 170,155 18,734 48,823 451,660 100,747 1,346,368 Total pupils Girls w 11,631,990 „ 326,232 50,096 - 202,492 643,763 101,049 126,831 20,619 180,076 346,717 55,165 555,536 318,900 228,039 160,297 262,498 220.770 74,505 141,143 303,076 452,029 230,034 278,196 314,229 45,614 117.770 11,994 32,840 311,712 60,964 958,986 Boys 11,634,626 315,803 51 ,143 4 198,405 659,245 101,361 128,595 20,613 1V5.576 335,432 56,166 569,385 325,938 231,702 173,191 262,946 211,825 74,019 140,904 314,519 446,560 230,728 269,396 317,589 46,156 119,819 12,261 33,604 319,650 60,603 979,076 Total fO 23,266,616 642,035 101,239 400,897 1,303,008 202,410 255,426 41,232 355,652 682,149 111,331 1,124,921 644,838 459,741 342,488 525,444 432.595 1 48,524 282,047 617.595 898.589 460,762 547,592 631,818 91,770 237.589 24,255 66,444 631,362 121,567 1,938,062 Estimated population 5-17 years, inclusive, July 1, 1944 28,930,000 790,000 148,000 488,000 1,452,000 245,000 341,000 57,000 452,000 825,000 120,000 1,504,000 729,000 501,000 372,000 704,000 611,000 188,000 427,000 832,000 1,196,000 556,000 595,000 751,000 109,000 270,000 27,000 98,000 805,000 152,000 2,402,000 ® c o'5 co o 5 * ICtt’o l«uo a £f 2 2.5 a S’® .2 ®J3 o a a 03 V .»■ C ^ IOJ 3 '3 a §.2 d‘a , i ■ lagjS IjJS-g 55537 6 09 ■a-* ® 3 ® ® ® ® ® 696973—46—6 Table 13. — School census and pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, by State, 1943-44. — Continued. 36 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 1 Sex estimated basis Illinois cities. *Sex estimated basis Arizona. Statistics, 1942. 2 Sex estimated basis Ohio. Sex estimated basis Washington. Table 14. — Enrollment by grade in public day schools , by State \ State School Systems 37 Secondary pupils, by year ill 2 19,510 TIT D m. ‘8 I . 16 565 1,097 66 361 323 56 11 344 2, 000 146 ■ -H ' t- • :*• : ~ : ! : i Fourth 1,009 ,611 SSSSg ISB33 mil als21 IsllS SS 2”2§“ *-**■* ***** ****** S*8*°‘* n' Third 1,230,168 sism lilil fisis ISlii illlg Is S'-'2‘g'S K'SR'82 S'-'SSS SSJS“':S -rf Second 1 ,519, 638 26, 119 6, 088 17, 409 90, 852 12, 971 19, 237 2, 795 20, 974 32, 269 7, 671 86, 561 45. 370 30, 146 24, 075 23, 002 23, 768 8, 559 16, 741 47, 511 57, 097 32, 500 18, 202 37, 456 6, 665 17, 624 1,495 4, 818 First * 1 ,774 ,593 illll sills fessli lillss illsl II ***** ***** ***** ***** ***** -* Total - 5,553,520 IslIS ssssS HSIS 18111 §5121 ss *3“*g* ***** ***** ggfs** ***** Kindergarten and elementary pupils, by grade Eighth 1 ,693,942 43, 772 7, 780 29, 708 101,796 16,916 21,875 3, 442 27, 364 5, 954 9,656 95, 538 54, 057 36, 716 28, 937 42, 463 12, 079 10, 292 53, 281 72. 044 38, 851 33, 574 43, 175 7, 774 19, 867 1,952 5, 833 Seventh Si !• m&m mu sisis isgis §ii§i n ssrfss‘“ g'sss's ssassf 8g'sss‘“>'a' Sixth o i 5 Slsii S1211 ISSss Ssill llifg Is g“8ga §"s's'“ ss'ss's ssssss -‘“i Fifth 2,016,635 sails sills SI52S Hiss SSlsl |g s“g§c s'ss'a's sas'sg s'ss'-s Fourth 00 2 ,079 ,788 gSsIl gg|il gglls ggisi iisn is s“s|s srfss's g's'fi'gs' s'a'gss sss's^s '** Third 2,162 ,878 selll IlSsl sill! SSI1I skIsI 11 K“‘Sf|2 g"S?g'S gs'sss' gsggs gsg“'a puooag 1 VO s § CM 73, 593 10, 233 42, 724 113, 502 18, 753 20, 363 3, 624 37, 487 81, 959 11,081 96, 013 59, 125 40, 306 30, 636 57, 032 51, 670 12, 990 30, 835 51,677 79, 119 41, 142 61,784 59, 914 8,711 19, 837 2, 381 5, 978 First i § CM 108, 593 16, 400 70, 749 141.389 21,821 22, 992 4, 555 49, 366 130, 240 12, 030 112, 664 69, 418 57, 412 33, 102 91, 274 77, 199 13, 877 36. 052 57, 138 88, 322 45, 269 129, 496 70,908 9, 666 21, 529 3, 072 6, 494 Kin¬ der¬ garten - 1 s 2, 426 0 91,685 8, 901 17, 283 561 874 4, 639 0 52, 895 13, 704 21, 379 12, 366 4,636 3. 026 12, 114 7, 086 21,751 81,915 19, 599 0 16, 468 296 11,705 1,217 1,129 Total co I CO E 545, 575 82, 162 337, 731 970, 521 155, 079 185, 599 31, 265 281, 840 561, 958 82, 602 808, 229 473, 882 343. 464 252, 545 445, 022 342, 569 116,328 219, 467 442, 326 685, 421 337, 761 480, 818 483, 513 66, 606 170, 155 18, 734 48, 823 Grand total CM I 3 642, 035 101,239 400, 897 1, 303, 008 202,410 255, 426 41, 232 355, 652 682, 149 111,331 1,124, 921 644, 838 459, 741 342, 488 525, 444 432, 595 148, 524 282, 047 617, 595 898, 589 460, 762 547, 592 631, 818 91,770 237, 589 24, 255 66, 444 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Continental United States _ Alabama . Arizona . Arkansas . . California . . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware . . Florida . Georgia . Idaho . Illinois . Kansas.. . Kentucky . Louisiana . - Maine . . Maryland - Massach usetts — . Michigan Minnesota . Mississippi . Missouri . Montana . . Nebraska . . Nevada . . New Hampshire- Table 14. — Enrollment by grade in public day schools , by State,1 1943-44. — Continued. 38 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 if! ill Post¬ grad¬ uate 00 ® is 8 ; i§ : ! i iR i s i-sl S3® : : : : : Fourth 111 sills HISS SSSil SSI i’ 1 co cog 9'io^aof eg-*eoco*»o jg.o> £3 IIS Slsll SiiSl sslll sss 1 £2 f ia o> sag aa’ssSs’ gs’Sss ga’“£§ §s~' rC a Fourth 9RS Sills i!l§3 nils SIS s I 00 sag sa’sssa’ g”sss ga-s § gg-* | sll §1111 Sails Isiil lag i 1 .53 £3 E-I r>* ssag salsa’ g’“‘sss gauss’ as’-’ *1 | d §31 allsS Ills! sllig lil g I 8 Q m vo $23 Sf38S2~ g-£28 "‘1 a§5 ISsli lllsl iSSBS sis 1 ■h in sag g’as’ss g»'£ag’ gs»s’a sa-* » •9 £■§ 893 103 296 0 42 998 326 777 723 531 1 707 0 207 417 537 6u8 1*3 416 603 289 2 Ld Xl C3 j£oog <*co~ co*V n-h 00 ISi SsiiS SsEll IS1SI las 1 o CO 311 gsas-a S^S mm 11® ,H rH s 111 §3111 ills! lills 113 2 II CM §a’s mu mm mm &* 8f o ■** £££ ZZOO State School Systems 39 co rr oo cm ^ § COIN 05 CM CM CM O ScmS "Oh © *-l 05 »0 05 CO CM CM CM CO ' CM CO 00 CM : CO 05 CM CM 00 *-« oo 05 r- oo COCO CM CO CM OC — O' ^ CM 05 CO ^CCM O NOOO ^ lO © © CM CO CM S ; C3» CO — O IQicd 00 00 30 >0 0 Jgi SJf (5> Table 15. — Number , sex, and age of high-school graduates in public schools, by State, 1943-44 40 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 State School Systems ” g-'B O ol 2 5 o fl d o 45 12 >>§J3 1-1 'm hfl T) a, fl -G O P o3 S t-. •r O -K o cJ °to~j o.2 o£r;2 * «2°1 o.S 08.2 ®^'SeJ »: « G-S %% I - --2^ o„fl a »'o 030 TJ •a^.l E J o > °t3 S'Q-o'S-S^-S S^Ssi-Sl^s-sja 3ls‘5l Slao'^gl nW ►4cg<*JccPh H $ Table 16. — Number of school census children, by age, by State, 42 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Years of age 8 s ! : 38, 779 l : s' i i ii ! ! ! 1 i i : :s : : i *' i i 16, 338 45,466 O 05 43, 527 37, 576 ! 11 i il § i i i g's' i ia s' j j 47, 867 25, 634 45, 617 1 g 00 00 i I 53, 016 1 ii S' j: 1 il i ii i i i s sfsf i is a i i 2,192 52, 510 30, 379 47, 027 49, 679 J5 i s mis nm nm hi s's's's's? g'S'S'S'S S|‘SHS- gg? 39,966 o VO 5. t 58, 944 35, 756 38, 150 60, 646 28, 083 98, 694 47, 672 207, 074 109, 942 18, 636 12,014 123, 649 12,383 4,460 57, 517 36, 118 51,729 42, 183 12 5 1 SSIli SlsiS Ss§l§ 11 SSS8S88 SS'g'gS gs 44,449 2 |999 ,829 llilg 13S11 ISlli is ssss's's? s's'gs's sga-s sss 1 !5 co CO 1 ,001 ,294 ISlsS SSsls §§I1S si s's's's's sfsgss ag's'^s" s's 1 i CM * 1 §1161 ssBSs 11111 11 s's's's's sssga Sg'^'s gs g g a - 1 §. 58, 675 38, 527 35, 089 57, 525 30, 476 88, 746 43, 813 186, 993 101,012 17, 631 10, 610 125, 031 12, 364 5, 584 53, 779 35, 777 48, 430 46, 857 o o 940,869 SS1ES mis 8Si8g 11 ssss's's" s's'g'g's sga^sg ss g s' 05 - 930 ,479 57, 971 39, 256 34, 613 58, 795 29, 965 83, 980 42. 432 173, 709 103, 297 17, 631 9,820 123, 400 12, 544 5,512 52, 510 36, 520 48, 524 § s" 00 00 rH ISSis 811i§ SI§11 Is gggtf* § sf - A i gills lilsi lllll ii aggtfsf gsgss ***** %% i s' o V© 929 ,635 __ lliis §1111 lllll 11 ass's?:' g's's's's sss 51, 263 *o - : j il i is? : 25, 366 92. 548 46, 237 180, 569 85, 178 16,811 9,688 f§ IS gg 57, 481 j | i JO » |3 ! i igS il 1 i ; jwg jjo oT | ;§ ss is gg 61, 069 Birth to 3, inclu¬ sive CO | j ii i is i i iSi i i i i i ig'g i i j i !o5 • 1 is i i S § 1 Eh CM 853, 411 451, 950 757, 491 704, 190 402, 475 1, 400, 135 938, 818 3, 370, 252 1, 344, 641 280, 510 180,063 1,494,267 151, 194 67, 587 1,030,787 579, 692 784, 554 » ss s State or outlying part - Total 17 States.. . . Alabama1 . Florida. . . . . Kentucky _ Maryland. . . Michigan . . Minnesota .. New York _ _ Ohio _ Oregon . Rhode Island . Utah _ _ _ Vermont _ Virginia3 . . . . West Virginia _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ Outlying parts of the United States _ Puerto Rico _ 1941-42. State School Systems 43 Table 17. — Average daily attendance , by State , 1943-44 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Total Reported as kindergarten and elementary schools Reported as reorganized HIGH SCHOOLS Junior Junior- senior Senior Reported as regular and voca¬ tional high schools 1 2 3 4 5 7 Continental United States. Alabama.. Arizona. .. Arkansas . California. Colorado- 19,602,772 14,017,981 666,900 1,132,696 544,764 3,240,431 527,281 87,201 320,449 1,047,413 168,362 366,263 70,782 237,234 782,330 127,551 110,907 50,111 12,415 50,655 7,963 16,419 12,182 265,083 40,811 Connecticut. Delaware _ Florida - Georgia - Idaho _ 216,687 35,727 313,155 547,070 90,746 150,504 22,311 208,137 438,585 63,798 15,401 4,160 60,716 12,078 3,857 6,004 1,258 50,782 2,227 37,768 7,212 1,025 6,534 89,195 21,833 Illinois _ Indiana. . Iowa - Kansas. .. Kentucky. 950,995 569,016 382,672 282,858 414,457 671,025 406,525 262,372 184,071 318,627 22,269 26,351 9,736 13,021 49", 642 19,682 11,337 279,970 162,491 65,328 72,436 25,115 Louisiana - Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts Michigan _ 361,183 140,281 245,984 517,849 831,188 286,162 110,873 171,778 316,347 516,585 22,614 82,471 12,662 13,337 73,239 75,021 29,408 25,593 45,792 1314,603 Minnesota . Mississippi Missouri _ . Montana. . Nebraska. . 388,281 444,898 530,696 78,168 200,253 250,530 388,044 392,624 56,456 139,426 45,081 26,263 44,553 21.854 56.854 138,072 21,712 60,827 Nevada _ New Hampshire. New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York _ 19,450 57,615 539,761 92,856 1,587,260 14,975 42,350 360,798 76,462 1,125,396 34,505 12,349 22,873 4,475 15,265 109,236 16,394 461,864 North Carolina North Dakota . Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ 728,412 100,473 1,000,544 386,061 166,801 610,871 77,358 632,426 282,653 118,386 70,367 144,594 52,350 7,951 117,541 23,115 100,807 103,408 40,464 Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island.. South Carolina. South Dakota.. Tennessee _ 1,371,950 80,974 364,033 97,559 491,833 873,542 48,121 295,938 71,791 399,349 15,363 1498,408 3,237 10,575 11,749 3,678 68,095 25,768 80,735 Texas _ Utah _ Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington. 1,005,994 122,414 47,820 458,191 279,276 764,170 72,412 37,419 354,296 189,219 22,547 27,455 29,338 18,556 241,824 10,401 103,895 42,163 West Virginia. Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ 360,271 432,777 39,832 248,583 306,768 29,166 29,321 82,367 126,009 10,666 District of Columbia _ Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska _ Canal Zone _ Hawaii _ Puerto Rico.. Virgin Islands. 77,745 46,592 17,703 12,377 1,073 367,257 230,635 41,491 1,029 12,553 193 5,112 5,770 76,244 276,734 3,397 3,579 1,158 335 505 193 224,420 2,636 40,266 67 12,048 1 Includes all forms of reorganized schools. 44 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 18. — Aggregate number of days attended , by State , 1943-44 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Total Reported as kindergarten and elementary schools Reported as reorganized high schools Reported as regular and vocational high schools Junior Junior- senior Senior i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United 3,440 ,876 ,724 2 ,446 ,270 ,500 117,642 ,987 204 ,765 ,084 96,191 ,057 576 ,007 ,096 88, 751, 488 14, 672, 489 51,110,417 184, 763, 653 29, 495, 588 39, 003, 627 6,485,994 53, 631, 164 93, 869, 780 15, 381, 239 177, 653, 853 89, 852, 508 67, 473, 692 48, 832, 561 66, 347, 306 61. 823, 180 24, 917, 961 45, 918, 568 91, 490, 916 149, 613, 858 66, 978, 372 65, 844, 904 97, 224, 743 13, 717, 958 35, 300, 733 3, 456, 640 10, 062,168 98, 461, 277 16, 714, 080 288, 809, 379 131, 041, 319 16, 979, 974 179, 394, 492 65, 464, 990 29, 374, 103 251, 269, 259 14, 575, 248 61, 786, 096 16, 931,942 82, 171, 517 173, 755, 171 20, 884, 232 8, 539, 155 82, 473, 660 49, 818, 975 62, 040, 910 75, 902, 978 7, 144, 362 13, 668, 245 61, 087, 345 11,819, 714 37, 002, 133 136, 907, 750 22, 284, 149 27, 090, 805 4, 030, 768 35, 646, 321 74, 559, 450 10, 813, 761 124, 902, 681 65, 413. 475 46, 228, 653 31,371,048 49, 499, 924 48, 429, 960 19, 624, 521 32, 063, 342 55, 689, 545 92, 985, 318 42, 963, 966 57, 430, 512 71. 047, 605 9, 895, 537 24. 524, 520 2, 655, 200 7, 404, 586 65, 807, 847 13, 763, 160 204, 905, 497 109,895,693 12, 819, 274 112, 930. 399 47, 824, 888 20, 823, 072 159, 728, 521 8, 661, 780 49, 726, 688 12, 426, 998 65, 768, 855 131, 810, 127 12, 338, 976 6, 625, 371 63, 772, 740 33, 752, 934 42, 724, 521 53, 339, 956 5, 329, 007 8, 121, 607 18, 970, 008 8, 694, 135 2, 852, 775 2, 048, 900 47, 855, 903 7, 211, 439 2, 151, 525 8, 543, 450 1, 364, 409 Colorado _ _ Connecticut _ _ 2, 772,115 765, 948 10,397,906 2, 149, 884 653, 762 9, 140, 707 412, 023 6, 467, 904 1, 283, 736 1, 092, 920 184, 335 1, 119, 033 15, 876, 710 3, 700, 485 52,751,172 24, 439, 033 11,440, 691 12, 809, 269 4. 349, 639 13, 393, 220 5, 293, 440 4, 720, 716 8, 148, 153 Florida _ _ Idaho.. . . 213, 231 Iowa _ _ _ 3, 963, 414 4, 652, 244 1, 810, 727 2,341,186 3, 499, 848 Kansas _ Kentucky. . 8, 649, 260 2, 037. 756 Maine .. _ _ Maryland . . 4, 259, 216 14, 636, 405 2,367,163 2, 508, 131 13, 016, 813 Michigan _ _ 156, 628, 540 4, 478, 450 Minnesota. . . . 7, 918, 084 7, 806, 398 3, 811, 474 8, 414, 392 26, 177, 138 3, 822, 421 10, 776, 213 801, 440 2, 667, 582 19, 952, 434 2, 950, 920 83, 903, 882 21, 145, 626 4, 160, 700 18, 200, 810 17, 6*0, 102 7, 180, 414 Mississippi _ Missouri _ Montana _ Nebraska . . Nevada. _ New Hampshire New Jersey .. 6, 317, 2*9 2, 220, 851 4, 162, 896 New Mexico _ New York.. . . North Carolina.. North Dakota Ohio _ _ 12, 704, 836 26, 106, 599 9, 451, 848 Oklahoma . . Oregon. . _ 1,370, 617 Pennsylvania .. »91, 540, 738 582, 696 Rhode Island. _ _ . 2, 765, 232 1, 903, 410 662, 130 12, 059, 408 4, 504, 944 14, 319, 524 41, 945, 044 South Carolina _ South Dakota _ Tennessee _ 2, 083, 138 Texas _ _ _ . Utah _ 3, 853, 430 4, 691, 826 Vermont _ . _ 1, 913, 784 18, 700, 920 7, 542, 884 Virgnia.. _ _ Washington _ 5, 230, 622 5, 075, 219 3, 292, 535 14, 241, 170 West Virginia Wisconsin.. _ 22, 563, 022 1, 815,355 189, 720 Wyoming _ District of Columbia . 3, 141, 406 2, 215, 512 Outlying parts of the United States. 69 ,442 ,906 43 ,854 ,955 7,912 ,676 187,371 2 ,378 ,488 36 ,365 Alaska . . . . . 891, 732 1, 172, 332 14. 181, 319 52, 579, 375 618, 148 Canal Zone . . . | Hawaii . _ . 737, 773 249, 514 59, 348 89,332 36, 365 Puerto Rico _ 42, 639, 715 477, 467 7,650,504 12, 658 2, 289, 156 Virgin Islands . 128, 023 1 Includes all forms of secondary schools. State School Systems 45 I Table 19. — Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by ] State , 1930-44 jl _ 1 1 Average number of days schools were in session State. District of Columbia, or outlying part 1929-30 1939-40 1943-44 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled 1943-44 Percent of pupils enrolled attend¬ ing daily, 1943-44 Total Kinder¬ garten and elemen¬ tary schools Reor§ Junior janized s< Junior- senior jhools Senior Regular and voca¬ tional schools ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States 172.7 175 .0 175.5 174 .5 176.4 180 .8 176 .6 177.8 147 .9 84.3 150.0 153.5 168.3 166.8 171.0 173.5 138.2 82.1 175. 1 168.9 168.3 167. 0 173.7 144.9 86. 1 Arkansas . . 149.4 158.6 159.5 156.0 173.3 168.7 171.3 168.2 127.5 79.9 178.3 176.6 176.4 175. 0 180.5 141.8 80.4 180.0 171.9 175.2 174.7 176.7 145.7 83.2 183.7 183. 1 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 152.7 84.8 Delaware . . 183.0 182.1 181.5 180.7 184.1 182.0 185.0 179.8 157.3 86.6 Florida.. . ... 154.4 167.5 171.3 171.3 171.3 171.3 171.3 150.8 88.1 148.0 162.2 171.6 170.0 178.0 178.0 178.0 137.6 80.2 162.6 174.5 169.5 169.5 169.5 169.5 169.5 138.2 81.5 188.4 186.4 186.8 186.1 188.4 157.9 84.5 Indiana 173.4 170.0 157.9 160.9 150.4 139.3 88.2 Iowa _ _ H5.9 176.6 176. 3* 176.2 178.0 179.8 177.8 175.1 146.8 83.2 Kansas 169.8 172. 4 172.6 170.4 176.5 176.8 142.6 82.6 Kentucky.. . . 165.0 159.1 160.1 155.4 186.0 174.2 179.7 173.2 126.3 78.9 Txinisiana 151.0 ICQ Q 171.2 169.2 178.5 142.9 83.5 Maine . 179.0 177.7 177.6 177.0 180.0 167.8 94.5 Maryland . 186.1 187.6 186.7 186.7 188.3 187.0 188.1 184.5 162.8 87.2 Massachusetts 183.3 179.7 176.7 176.0 177.5 177.7 177.9 141. 1 83.8 Michigan 185.6 183.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 166. 5 92.5 Minnesota _ 180.1 172.8 172.5 171.7 175.6 170.5 175.2 174.4 145.4 84.3 Mississippi 133.4 145.7 148.0 148.0 148.0 120.2 81.2 Missouri 180.5 179. 1 183.2 181.0 189.6 153.9 84.0 Montana 173.5 171.8 175.5 175.3 176. 1 149. 5 85.2 Nebraska 175.2 176.0 176.3 175.9 177.2 148.6 84.3 Nevada 178.9 174.1 177.7 177.3 179.1 142.5 80.2 New Hampshire _ 179.0 176.2 174.6 174.8 174. 1 151.4 86.7 New Jersey _ 188.4 185.2 182.4 182.4 183.1 180.0 182.0 182.7 156.0 85.5 New Mexico 172.2 175.0 180.0 180.0 180.8 137. 5 76.4 New York . 187.5 184.3 181.9 182. 1 181.7 149.0 81.9 North Carolina _ 154.3 164.3 179.9 179.9 179.9 158.7 88.2 North Dakota 165.7 172.7 169.0 165.7 180.0 144.6 85.6 Ohio.. . 179.2 180.5 179.3 178.6 180.6 180.6 180.6 180.6 160.8 89.7 Oklahoma . 173.3 175.6 169.6 169.2 170.6 141. 1 83.2 Oregon 182.9 174.3 176.1 175.9 172.3 177. 5 149.6 84.9 Pennsylvania 181.2 181.6 183. 1 182.9 183.7 160.1 87.4 Rhode Island . 175.3 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 150.4 83.5 South Carolina _ 147. 0 163.0 169.7 168.0 176.3 136. 1 80.2 South Dakota 178. 5 174.9 . 173.6 173. 1 174.8 145.6 83.9 Tennessee _ _ 163.2 166.3 167.1 164.7 177.3 177.4 135.5 81.1 Texas 146.0 171.9 172.7 172.5 173.5 139.8 80.9 Utah 172.5 174.8 170.6 170.0 170.9 170.9 151.0 88.5 Vermont 172. 1 179.2 178.6 177. 1 4 184.0 155.0 86.8 Virginia 164. 1 180.2 180.0 180.0 180.0 154.2 85.7 Washington.. . 179.4 178.7 178.4 178.4 178.3 . 177.4 178.9 136.0 76.3 West Virginia 165.7 176. 1 172.2 171.9 173. 1 172.9 151.7 88. 1 W isconsin 179. 2 180.3 175.4 173.9 179. 1 154.7 88. 2 Wyoming 161.3 176.7 179.3 182.7 170.2 136.2 76.0 District of Columbia 173.6 178.8 175.8 174.3 177.5 179.0 176.8 148.3 84.3 46 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 19. — Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by State, 1930-44. — Continued. State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Average number of days schools were in session Average number of da vs attended by each pupil enrolled 1943-44 Percent of pupils enrolled | attend¬ ing daily, 1943-44 | 1929-30 1939-40 1943-44 Total Kinder¬ garten and elemen¬ tary schools Reorganized schools Regular and voca¬ tional schools Junior Junior- senior Senior 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska ... 190.7 189 .5 189.1 190.1 190 .7 182.1 189 .5 188.4 169 .8 89.8 176.2 142.0 207.6 203.0 169.0 191.2 190.0 186.4 174.4 134.9 77.4 f American Samoa. . Canal Zone . Guam . 204.2 189.0 180.0 192.0 203.2 206.0 215.0 177.0 177.0 188.4 181.8 89.5 Hawaii . 186.0 190.0 182.0 171.9 169.8 162.5 92.4 89.4 89.3 Puerto Rico _ Virgin Islands _ 190.0 181.1 190.0 188.9 184.5 190.0 Table 20. — Number of buildings and schools, and transportation data, by State, 1943-44. State School Systems 47 g 0*3 © g sis g § O 3 cG u> COTftCO©^ NOcfN^ 00.0).®.“5.®. ©©osas-H ©CO CM©© co©©cm© rtOwCC'f CO CO © t- -hi^. © oo co OiTjiNfflN OONOCIO CO © © © © CO -f —>© -H ©XDD( N 00 CO COIN 00 ©OONM cm co co © © CM CM CM "§• &s 05 05t^(N CO CO 05 (N CD © 00 00 i— « CD lOcOW^H co (M 05 o 05 t^c^cot^io iOcDt^(NCD HNHO00 O^lNNN ODN»OH lOiOrtON CO 00 CM 00 05 CO i— < -— < rf< CO CDrJ^fHrHCD t^OO CO xf< CM NOOCO C^rHHHrH CM* CO cm" t-T i-T id £ 0-0^ § g g a 3 © gag a 5. z*s 8-g ® ©CM 00©© coco©-hoo •^0 ocdoo • co 5 c- " f-t^rHCM© ©'* CM CM 00 Ot^cOrf —I -d © i l. eo ax: © ©-5 © o c© o © © o © 2 CM © t-. GO -h t-1 cd td cM-d ©CMCOCOCO CDOOOl^CD ©^©t^© < Tj< ID © rH -H hJ< CM | 00 cdodooocd s © ©5.2 ■Sfl^aS 53 ° ® S' CM 00 hh t-. © ©ODhO hH IDl-lTjf -h © CO © CM ©co©oo© CO©©CMt> i-ht}*-*©. ©CM-tf i>c 05©CM —it ©CO CM CM -h © © CO CM CD 'tM,t-C5H CONDCOw CM CO O 03 ID H CM H-I CM CO tHiDCO hH CO ©CM© 00f^©00 00 © © -t< CM CM *W©.-iOO© MM'NO® rH t-© CO HH ©^H M©hON COCMCOtnCO nf © CM CM 00 COCOOOCM© ©CMi-hh*i© © © CO © CM ■^©©I-h© © CM CM © CO ©©00— I© © © © CM O coco©© HMHH © © T»< © © CM©©©© ©Tj<00©© © 00 CM © © ©©00©00 C0©O5©fH rHCMOO © © CM^-H © CM_© © © © Tj*’© — 4© — l-£Tf<|>rH HO0©Ht» CM © © l> © Sg-H S ■S°§8 2t 3j a !3§SS « 3 o. co coco coco OMh©h —h ID CD ID CO ©T}< -HCM H O ©CM-^OCM hJItI<©©CM 0©©|H© 00©©«© Tj<©©T) , XHtOOOO O N CM Cl h ©©■^f-co ©©-H©© ©©Ht t-. © © CM © © a 3 *3 ’o S O a ■g — is •S o pfe c • » c « ■H 4J c2 0^ u 04 S d Odd0’ a |3'&2 0 *2 M r? —i O O ^3 D s-z-x-^ g-So®^ Hiss S5SSS <^uo upEo2 »c>i»2 i'SSS® ^ ^ In d -* “ lllls >> © j:sj s s-g-a -dW'-sStx > ^ ^ ^ ^ Table 20. — Number of buildings and schools, and transportation data, by State, 1943-44 — Continued 48 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 8 £ s. P h .q IOMNNN rH © CO t-. 03 rf lO IOCD10N.IC CO IN © CO CO d CO t-~ >0 © CO O I IH!D gf|sl i ft 8 2 g Ph*-< a O CD 00 1C -tfl o © doicodd IOWOO —I "3 3 »_ ft1 H • ~ M cj ptj 03 3 O u a a" s § a • r-i i-- ■*}< co oo oiooo o * w°c« coin oo cdr- os m T-H CO TJ ^ OQ D O QJ o ro ^ ^ X! a oX5 B s I- s-* «oN a & a & C301.0NN tJINOOh NOHNO »OTtiOt^CD OOOtIItJKN O1OCO1HCO 030t>.COrH 30 00rt< ■cf IN -I TjiOOCO Percent of teachers in one- teacher schools - rfNOOO CO O iO O CO NOOOO CO O ^ 1 cocdr-icoo t> © © ei rt^dddd oodo rH lOH CO , 10.7 11.5 .0 16.0 2.8 Number of one- teacher elementary schools CD C5HOCOS O CO CO 05 CO lOONWO HION 1-H CO ^ rf (N CO CO 05 05 O ^ O Ol hiOO OOhONCO 0 rH tq CO O l>iq(N HCOO CO r^cq(N05 0 oocoo^cq t>.iOrHC5tq oo 05 00 CO HHIN b- 05 1>- (NO GO t>.COOrHCO 05 O O Tt^OO 05(NrH rH CO CO ^ o' CO 05* CO ^ d rH H^H r^d'rH 2,592 OOIN ON* 2,411 41 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part 1 - North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio.. . _ Oklahoma _ _ Oregon _ . _ Pennsylvania. _ Rhode Island _ South Carolina _ South Dakota Tennessee _ _ Texas _ _ Utah _ Vermont. _ Virginia _ Washington _ West Virginia. __ Wisconsin _ _ Wyoming _ District of Columbia. Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ Canal Zone _ Hawaii Puerto Rico _ _ Virgin Islands _ Includes junior high schools. * Statistics, 1942. 1 Statistics, 1940. 4 Statistics, 1936. « Statistics, 1938. State School Systems 49 Table 21. — Balance on hand from school year 1942-43 and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands , by State , 1943-44 State or District of Columbia Balance on hand from school year, 1942-43 Receipts from — Receipts from permanent funds and leases of school lands— Total Permanent funds Leases of school lands State County and local Amount Per pupil enrolled 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States $421 ,033 ,752 Alabama. . Arizona _ Arkansas... California 1 Colorado.. 2, 041, 467 1, 934, 982 2, 198, 179 60, 333, 547 8, 928, 876 $22 ,041 ,506 $2 ,942 ,541 $22 ,843 ,922 $2,140,125 $24 ,984 ,047 1.07 201, 743 132, 725 93, 277 722, 259 795, 435 778 262, 347 81, 626 202, 521 395, 072 93, 277 722, 259 795, 435 81, 626 202, 521 395, 072 174, 903 722, 259 795, 435 .32 3.90 3.93 Connecticut. Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia . Idaho 2 _ 1, 607 521 9, 934, 517 2, 496, 215 2, 720, 856 139, 969 72, 000 114, 000 72, 000 114, 000 139, 969 139, 969 72,000 114, 000 471, 388 471, 388 471, 388 .55 1.75 .32 0 4.23 Illinois _ Indiana. .. Iowa _ Kansas _ Kentucky 59, 447, 397 24, 093, 236 19, 562, 722 8, 931, 569 2, 295, 217 359, 123 296, 203 141, 530 354, 311 141, 148 57, 000 296, 203 141, 530 354, 311 141, 148 302, 123 359 123 296, 203 141. 530 354, 311 141, 148 .32 .46 .31 1.03 .27 Louisiana _ Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts. Michigan - 5,614,427 511, 242 1. 028, 532 22, 822, 506 118, 467 94, 947 184, 874 407, 109 415, 357 118, 467 22, 321 184, 874 407, 109 415, 357 72, 626 533, 824 94, 947 184, 874 407, 109 1.23 .64 0 .30 .45 Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri... Montana... Nebraska.. . 8, 678, 959 16, 609, 804 6, 089, 847 7, 815, 110 3, 068, 954 62, 190 747, 646 1, 382, 864 1, 171, 808 3, 068, 954 62, 190 190, 705 * 1,382, 864 1, 171, 808 656, 941 3. 068, 954 62, 190 747, 646 1, 382, 864 1, 171, 808 6.66 .11 1.18 15.07 4.93 Nevada _ New Hampshire. New Jersey. . New Mexico _ New York . . 687, 591 464, 556 10. 866. 328 2, 453, 763 24, 908, 196 401, 421 38, 432 529 970 1, 326, 078 401, 421 38, 432 529, 970 1, 326, 078 401, 421 38, 432 529, 970 1, 326, 078 16.55 10.91 0 North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ 4, 449, 419 8, 518, 182 20, 784,119 949, 524 4, 671, 480 63, 850 881, 678 156, 074 1,231,198 338, 235 63, 850 881, 678 156,074 1, 231, 198 338, 235 63,850 881, 678 156, 074 1,231, 198 338, 235 .08 7. 51 .14 2.65 1.72 Pennsylvania... Rhode Island- South Carolina. South Dakota. Tennessee _ 15, 748, 799 2, 653, 784 2, 340, 069 8. 126, 778 1, 951, 992 63, 995 42, 581 63, 995 29, 980 12, 601 63, 995 42,581 917, 593 150, 750 917, 593 150, 750 917, 593 150, 750 .04 .44 0 7.89 .25 Texas _ Utah.. . . Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington. 1, 369, 540 270, 866 42, 331 3, 664, 603 7, 354, 542 2 2, 875, 117 210, 155 52, 749 2 939, 516 70, 000 2 3, 294, 183 280, 155 52, 749 2 520, 450 2 3. 814, 633 280, 155 52, 749 1, 208, 777 145,716 1, 354, 493 1, 354, 493 3. 07 2.03 .96 0 3. 70 West Virginia. Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ 3, 795,165 16, 171, 178 1, 362, 514 278, 883 1,027, 201 278,883 1, 027, 201 278, 883 1. 027, 201 0 .57 19.59 District of Columbia. 1,731,705 0 1 Data for junior colleges has been omitted as far as possible. 2 Statistics, 1941-42. 50 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 22. — Income from appropriation and taxation , by State , 1943—44 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Total State1 County2 Local 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States. $2,478,466,811 $831,968,626 $140,059,742 $1,506,438,443 Alabama _ - - 29,785,489 19,815,742 5,547,218 4,422,529 Arizona _ _ . 9,817,080 6,126,578 481,702 3,208,800 Arkansas _ _ — 19,459,990 11,037,101 190,977 8,231,912 California* _ 185,743,246 77,317,234 2,421,203 106,004,809 Colorado . _ - .. - 23,759,784 1,477,253 4,457,683 17,824,848 Connecticut _ _ 33,532,450 3,623,433 0 29,909,017 Delaware _ _ . 4,980,486 4,454,163 0 526,323 Florida. _ _ _ ... 30,978,036 12,981,908 9,311,806 8,684,322 Georgia.. . - . .. 28,158,173 17,382,803 5,188,933 5,586,437 Idaho _ _ - - - 10,166,718 2,315,720 1,438,071 6,412,927 Illinois _ _ . . - — 134,843,018 16,052,339 229,948 118,560,731 Indiana _ _ 69,796,143 24,069,252 350,000 45,376,891 Iowa. _ . .. - — 50,744,778 1,385,617 347,261 49,011,900 Kansas _ _ . _ . . 32,889,472 2,242,963 2,382,670 28,263,839 30,749,338 14,464,067 16,285,271 Louisiana. _ .. _ _ 33,521,133 22,172,997 9,061,872 2,286,264 Maine. . .... 11,804,739 1,981,775 0 9,822,964 Maryland _. - - - 31,443,841 9,632,155 9,987,797 11,823,889 Massachusetts __ _ 82,622,672 10,795,452 0 71,827,220 Michigan .. ._ . - 115,553,616 49,575,238 747,911 65,230,467 Minnesota _ _ 50,061,543 14,692,165 341,180 35,028,198 Mississippi _ _ 18,675,792 8,947,341 3,041,543 6,686,908 Missouri _ _ _ 58,972,131 21,258,780 111,750 37,601,601 Montana _ _ _ 11,987,650 1,614,302 *2,799,754 7,573,594 Nebraska _ _ 20,239,004 140,215 431,420 19,667,369 Nevada - - 2,898,207 217,284 862,178 1,818,745 New Hampshire _ _ 7,351,999 488,874 0 6,863,125 New Jersey _ 117,141,378 14,569,709 15,111,869 87,459,800 New Mexico. _ _ _ .. ._ 8,659,556 7,092,773 566,783 6 1,000, 000 New York _ _ . 339,767,083 110,448,984 229,318,099 North Carolina . _ 52,158,215 40,050,373 8,871,951 3,235,891 North Dakota 12,997,201 1,528,065 890,989 10,578,147 Ohio _ 138,403,054 50,424,520 724,820 87,253,714 Oklahoma _ 32,840,545 13,815,410 281,952 18,743,183 Oregon - . . 22,556,737 7,103,276 3,500,332 11,953,129 Pennsylvania 205,285,547 58,198,592 0 147,086,955 Rhode Island 12,264,406 1,093,258 0 11,171,148 South Carolina . _ _ 23,040,482 15,075,167 1,056,694 6,908,621 South Dakota _ . 13,182,487 679,669 746,455 . 11,756,363 Tennessee. . 31,077,819 11,198,107 14,482,680 5,397,032 Texas _ _ 111,741,043 51,552,698 0 60,188,345 Utah _ 14,657,249 7,048,803 0 7,608,446 Vermont . . .. .. 5,787,762 791,901 0 4,995,861 Virginia _ ... 36,627,278 15,106,198 11,805,852 9,715,228 Washington 49,517,662 34,288,273 1,409,135 13,820,254 West Virginia. _ . ... 36,450,555 20,515,600 15,934,955 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55,527,162 13,628,435 3,893,958 "38,004,769 Wyoming _ _ 4,465,160 292,039 1,048,440 3,124,681 District of Columbia ______ _ 13,781,902 1,204,025 0 12,577,877 Outlying parts of the United States $17,780,680 $15,824,663 $384,340 $1,571,677 Hawaii 7,372,162 6.987,822 384,340 Puerto Rico 10,408,518 8,836,841 1,571,677 includes receipts for State office, cost of free textbooks when furnished by State and the amount paid by the State towards teacher retirement. includes county appropriation for the support of county superintendent’s office. 3Data for junior colleges have been omitted as far as possible. Statistics, 1942. 6 Approximate amount. Table 23. _ Income from miscellaneous revenue sources. Federal Government, educational foundations, and total revenue, by State, 1943-44 Receipts from revenue sources other than Total revenue receipts those designated in tables 21 and 22 State School Systems 51 > CO © ooc " 00 00*0 5 © © CO 03 5 00 co 03 - © o oo co CC»0 05NCO © 00 *0*0 X CO © 03 NNOV’iO 05 Tt< © oo CO cd© of of© ^0«rf05 CO C5 O 05 -H 03 © CM ^ 03 CO © tCtCrJ? 00 05 TJ- 00 CO 03 oo 05 05 03 ofof-f coo co CO co ro c oo oo c NCOH»Ot COCO-^N< lO^ CO O 00 00C5^O“5 *-f© X *-Tof $§22 05 O CO CO oo ^ oo © 03 t-H © 03 ~ ~ C* 05 ~ ^ Tf 05 CO COO'ON^ NCWOC5 883SSS3 O»0hfhN o © x of ct cc — o X CO O CQ o o ^HlONrn COCOO^N CO CO © - NINOOOOO © © * - > co 03 © © i N W X C N Tf< 1^ X 03 ^ © CO CO ©of of cf of CO 05 CO 00 00 ^ O CO 05 05 cf of of © 05 03 r— 1 05 10NC0O S2S! NOOC 03 X 03 © © 05 CO 03 I"*. 00 — < ^ X © X v-f © O O 03 05 — 03 — i ©X i-t T3 f2 o x x © O (N C5 'vT N(N(NC: *-4 05 i cdoo os CO CO 03 — 1 1 1 1 © © 1 03 ! ! o !© © © 1 X OQ X X © i ; ; jSS j© ; |^_ 1 © © i ° x © © © • i i i of © i ©* i i • © r>. i © i iS 1 zl © t-T I co of of — 05 • © X © Ol 1 • 5 c o J— c ,- .§ § 53 « > ® r: 8l © x of cd © oo co ^ ^ oo 03 to t2 © © © (NtONCOH *-< I « © CXNCDN © © X — 05 oTodcOi-^ .2 G o ill! 3 3 5 ® -Q £ C5ONC0O ^ >ON O O to 0©0©Tt< to © © © © CO © © © © ^ © o 'COHtOO © 05 C5 rf< t>. '(N^!N^ ©^030 — « >^<03t^© 03 L- X X ) — T ^ of © ^ i © *-h © ©tor^co© © 05 CO 03 © 05 X © © (NTfCNN COW rH ( So 2 So c © 00 t H © C t^oc X © — © to X 03 © ©© © of 00 of ^ ^ co © to co to of cd cd of © © © © © M ©CO © ofcdcf CO rf< © © £2S2; h(NOOO x x © ^ © © ^ td oo cd of CO © X 03 ^ CO CO co © © © < f X c © td » co © co XNCO (Nco^ r- r— cd© Tt« co © 03 CO © O ^ ^ © of© -f of »-f co© x © 03 wco©wx © CO o o of ©COOCN • CCWN© . © — . © 05 < 03 X X X f cf cf fH - r- ^ O X 5 ^ © 03 > 03 X ©1 x © © 03 © 1 03 t" t- ^ © — N- cd © X © 05 NX©OW XM^f X X — © ^ NXN© CG © © C^^^CO© 03 rH © '§S3^g Ct *Q CO JO a 3+j> ’o 3 O a o fl ii os s a an a ( as § go ■§.i^S5 ^ u u d O a a cj d § Nmo a.a- ^'C'C'S'O 5 ®.2 .22^3® o“""2 agS«® ®®«® 0fife03 s33ww jSSSS zzzzz 3 C |®f1.l .S2 3 >» co^a « a o .2^ llio- a>> o i§g 5wm & & & few York. 52 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 24. — Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts , by State , 1 State School Systems 53 Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts, excluding balance on hand Local $1 ,650,447,190 4, 783, 033 3, 420, 020 9, 029, 976 109, 016, 646 17, 910, 617 30, 872, 426 661, 962 9, 471,485 6, 029, 291 7, 088, 557 149, 978, 393 51,455,711 50, 315. 180 29,712, 120 18, 986, 742 2, 286, 264 10, 024, 836 11,947,303 73, 987, 494 80, 014, 969 41, 146> 877 6, 686, 908 41,533, 666 9, 249, 350 20, 100, 820 1,844,918 7, 063, 994 County 5 $153,285,689 6, 131, 539 481, 702 191, 920 2, 421,203 5, 737, 060 9. 558, 862 7, 933, 466 1, 438, 071 229, 948 350, 000 361, 618 1 i I is t i 1 is !N ito :ss is is Loans and II en $48,142 ,677 33, 771 6, 609 258,815 180,000 54, 900 246, 962 35, 001 1, 634, 059 255, 703 12, 917, 958 3, 695, 450 71,032 124, 582 1, 756, 883 140, 121 129, 246 203. 884 ii i ' if S' ii i r r * i lil SI Ilf *« Total CM $94 ,753 ,528 403, 206 78, 603 525, 808 3,011,737 85, 769 245, 962 25, 376 633, 523 2,681,477 394, 235 26, 380, 658 5, 712, 848 914, 810 124, 582 2,051,495 1, 262, 650 129, 246 232. 886 ii 1 i: ' ii i ii ! o» th- 5 sis sg Ilf H | k °i If Os - Continental United States Alabama . . Arizona . - California—- . - . Colorado . Connecticut . . iii: i i i Hi Kansas- . . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . . . - Maine-- . . 1 If iii i i i i Hi if 2^2 22 Table 24. — Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts, by State, 1943-44. — Continued. 54 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 25. — Current expense for general control and instruction, by State, 1 State School Systems 55 Table 25. — Current expense for general control and instruction, by State, 1943-44. — Continued. 56 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Instruction Other supplies and expense 1/5 611,606 81, 976 51, 858 251. 910 "2, '330." 747 223, 972 707, 418 2,335, 534 ‘"'*366,' 547 1,266,234 46, 865 108,583 114, 024 806, 578 *"’247, *691 20, 244 371, 707 612, 897 Teaching supplies 470, 125 19,719 145. 359 1,913, 646 39, 045 3, 027, 660 361, 638 308, 156 637. 377 376, 590 3, 633, 832 413, 956 320, 663 181,054 355, 565 "’ ”361, ‘700 508, 005 288. 095 855. 406J Free text¬ books 2 382, 942 57, 944 96, 126 986, 660 215, 000 1, 571, 200 112,006 205, 528 1, 574, 655 376, 155 2, 750, 032 127, 752 "’ ”291, ’766 360,650 1,600, 000 202, 741 74, 485 100, 674 611, 096 Salaries of clerical assistants 2 97, 744 £ is § ii 1 is * !i J ! r-T g SI i S3 ill! i g m | \m | <35 ! ! ! ! Instructional staff salaries Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff s g i i i s i 58, 264,680 4. 997, 975 183, 244. 564 31, 858, 142 *72, ’834," 194 13, 075, 06 109,401,263 7, 431,418 14, 486, 202 8, 181, 039 20, 729, 077 55, 348, 774 7, 862, 430 2, 807.511 20, 472, 818 22. 921, 529 Principals when separately reported o § i S j §2= S :g m f is to 3 o o DO W DO CO 00 »D NOV CM CM * CO CO — - 1-H 03 COCM CO oTcd^T r- CD CD CM CO S t>»00 CM 00 TjTlO r-T CD cd ^ 03 »D O CO r-t *G IQ © c* UD IO CM CO CO CD O s§s§ 00 »— < «— < CM »D *d CO co *d *— « ‘0 05^000 cm *-^ctT*d CDNOO CO 00 ID CO CO © co co cm 5 Oi * ^ t'* ^OH -rf CO CO co CO oo cm © c' * CM 00 * oTio ' id ^ C _ »D^DcOH 00 CM © CM - . 00 *-4 r tjt t}T tc • x x © I ^ 03 I 03 CM CO ID CM *— < rHCO 8 5 c ^t^oo' oToog < Tf 1C - o c 00 CO ID N C Tf CO CO C 00 CO O CM CM ID ID *-i CO CO CO 00 CO ' N CM N 05 O os co co co NiD-HCOiH OC5 ooo o 03 co 00 CD O CO CM CO O r fcocoooo? I O CO CD O c I OOCMN' 0 CO CO CO < CD X DOU3< NH^UOO CO CO co co .2 • a ; *5ofl i>§| i!& £££ U 'p 3 S3 o PC CO .* a 5 -e .2 ^ S ^ .23 c3 03 3 .is Table 26. 58 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 £ ! Auxiliary services Community services not chargeable to pupils Other community services CO $24 ,264 ,403 i CM ' CO ' 00 i 67, 974 M 1 r-* 5 1 03 0 i CM - CM • iO i 12,069, 426 ■ is i :§ ! ^ Ic 1 ' © i - i i © i i i i ■ i i * i i III ii ooeo 1 ! : : rH* ! ! i-.i H Public libraries under board of education CM $2 ,474 ,804 19, 008 it i o II IW i 3 i r^ - * © * . © f 1 TjT ! ° i is | fi iii ii iii ii iii ii i iS si jjf §j i i i i i l 111 ' i§ i : ; : : • . School services chargeable to pupils Other school services $13,106,157 1 T*< CD 1 © Tt . O ! rCcM • CM O i i iO i r ,© i ' i UO i 32, 400 1,038,716 154, 864 in i is III 3 i- rj i ?§1 is |3 i i i : : : : : : • i i ■ i i i i i ■ i i ■ i i Trans¬ portation 10 $107 ,754 ,467 2, 700, 029 431, 766 1, 616, 062 3, 602, 036 897, 924 1, 260, 502 311, 064 1, 695, 350 2, 849, 054 787, 411 2,306,823 6, 630, 904 2, 029. 643 1, 269, 525 1, 961, 947 3, 389, 131 1, 024, 770 1, 602, 561 1. 996. 853 3,057, 674 3. 525. 853 3, 230, 384 4, 270, 391 1, 237, 293 468, 821 Health a* $21 ,922 ,956 26, 570 119, 077 (») 4, 739, 015 117, 431 435, 151 40, 662 118, 643 37, 835 937, 515 473,093 89, 987 167, 710 635, 947 510, 161 1, 264, 263 376, 751 558, 563 iSS Total 00 $169 ,522 ,787 2, 745, 607 614, 364 1, 718, 208 8. 341, 051 1, 871, 505 1, 763, 627 362, 569 1, 846, 393 4, 182, 803 942, 275 15, 313, 764 7, 431, 264 2, 544, 673 1,928, 541 3, 526, 763 5, 249, 950 1,660, 717 2, 141, 770 3, 976, 683 5, 789, 807 4, 777, 488 3. 341, 889 4, 982, 083 1. 577, 639 697, 072 Mainte¬ nance (upkeep, ment and repairs) i>- $77 ,323,913 1, 090, 633 376, 515 421, 622 5, 599, 433 538, 517 1, 134, 078 116, 282 870, 600 744, 607 216, 025 6, 756, 020 2, 141, 875 1, 730, 238 1, 122, 436 745, 158 974, 525 389, 583 731, 957 2, 663, 408 3, 958, 844 1, 742, 327 540, 0i4 2, 302, 260 361, 872 652, 301 Operation of plant Other ID 810,460 58, 391 745, 355 1 1 1 II i CM ii i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 146, 523 65, 621 1, 078, 148 287, 812 is § is? ' © CO ' iss « i§ i i i i ■ i is i i ; js ; ; i !=§ i is Supplies in • 1 i i • CO i i © i • i i i II ^ © i CM ii 00 iO i 00 ii CO CM i ^ • i 00 , CM~ ii O CM i © i i CM • is jS is 1 is ig a is 1, 287, 963 82, 208 i i iS Fuel, light. water, and power - i cO i i CO i i i i CM i i i 1. 353, 912 173, 607 493, 454 417, 867 5, 353, 301 2, 803, 592 872, 239 550, 692 714, 224 917, 088 5, 018, 546 2, 216, 517 436, 922 12 23 Salaries CO 540, 736 690, 962 496, 162 2, 082, 620 254, 469 967, 593 583, 304 13,353,075 4,020,480 iS all ii IW ! t4 iS si is m |«r co ss! 1 m i Total CM $238 ,773 ,787 1, 351, 196 1, 102, 429 1,241,517 2 17, 963, 705 2, 056, 137 3, 644, 916 469, 518 1, 607, 570 1, 129, 274 1, 245, 168 19. 784, 524 7, 600. 216 5, 772, 251 3,903,719 2,046, 855 1, 777, 442 1, 473, 082 2, 363, 619 9, 772, 310 13, 833, 469 7,337,005 894, 736 6, 288, 160 1, 506. 511 2, 649, 672 State, District of Columbia, or Continental United States Alabama . . Arizona . . Arkansas _ _ Colorado. . Connecticut . . . . Delaware. . r lunua. _ Georgia. . Idaho . Illinois Indiana Iowa... . Kansas . Kentucky Louisiana _ Maine. . Maryland iviassacnusetts . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi . . Missouri.. _ _ Montana . . Nebraska.. . . . I State School Systems with other school services. 1 Data for junior colleges have been excluded as far as in with fuel, light, and power. Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 © s ' b£) © Or-H os a gw ©,2 ® 0 ~ e 05 ) CO JO CO O 05 O Tf rH O rH COOd N r-iCOGO-HlO > 05 GO CO CO O 05 CO 05 CO OOONCOH b- 00 05 05 CO (N*OCDHH Tf rH O ft I a © o co co jo Tf < oo oo o < 05 05 co OI ' r^T id oi Tf*< rococo 05-tf 05 o co co jo CO CO ^ 00 00 O JO N N CO Tf 05 OI oi o OJINHOH OJOOOHTfJ t^t^oioot^ 050«3 CO Tf 05 io tH of jo of CO CO 05 OI OI OI 05 - (NHNCIH hc CO rH OI 00 O JO T O cs'p, 3^8. d _ w £.S © o I III SrH W 5 BIS >» COOJO^O COHNOO 00 Tf CO r t*t jo of co»oo5 tHCOOOI>-CO Tf 05 t>« NOrHCO W rHt^CO ofr-TrCcoco of oo cq COHdOOO OHIO _ ® ° “ d © o £f®-as s'? 3rv«^ ® o © art *2 caw M'S is-si <5^8 = S co 2 c E.2 S3® „ ° 3 5 o w II sal co is 05 JO CO OI I CO OI I rH 00 . o o I ro of o Tf OI 05 S> 53> Sd d „ as « ',2 ® So a! d 5 S S.03.03 g q si! HHHOO OfiSoS sa&m £3333 State School Systems 61 and judgments. Data for junior colleges excluded as far as Table 28. — Capital outlay and per capita cost of education, by State , 1943—44 62 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Z !* < ° o ® p J o o « 2 b o O atj >- O ~ a S E* « ? c3 Q.J2 Qsa . >» §■3 1 O'" 2 v c-n £ t ® a s o S .2 COCOiOiOcD 00 O O GO CO ^(MCOhh MOO»Oh NO^OJ i-i CM r-» »-i Oh(NOh CMr^r-tCMCM -h CM — < O CM i-hO^h^h ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo oooo CO-^COOH lOi-HCO'sOt^ CMCOrt^r^rt< CO CO CM CM i^ COt^COOit^ 00 t"'- iO 00 CD rf« b- tJOD 03 00 CO O OO^CMOOCM t^cDC0»H -^t^CMrHCM CO 00 CD *H lOr^CDOJN CM iO 05 &&§ a2 S irs S e3 ® -3 fl £ 3^ 03 §11 . N « a O ® .5 NMIN'i'IN — I —I CO ^ 1 03 -0 »Dr rHC0lD03l0 1-1 CO ID 1*1 CO C3 00 CO ID omccHi# 0^.000 CO ID 1*1 CO CO h CD 00 COO CO ot^co 03 00 CO 00 03 O C— I*4 03 o O3.l>O3_M.C0 CO o 03 O CO CO CD 03 i—i O HOOOO* CD 00 CD 03 CD 0—1000 00 1*1 iD —i O CO 1*1 CD (N oo-^ifoq(N t31'^.°ou3 3D IN OS-^CO* COO*o2 — rit ® -S !9*gg flOMM fl 73 H c3 ’2* c.2"C 5 oq 3 = ■- ? a .a o State School Systems 63 C5 ® lO t'- MCJOSH ■-100003 HKi^rtN ooooo ooooo OOCONN ©00000303 OO— I— 'O 0 1000 #0 r^03O3CCb- OOOfitOH CO 1C t> lO 1-0 b- O O T)<00310M OOCliO^N -cj< b CO 03 .0 GO CO b- CO lOOOrfOO 1^00 lOb^OO 03 CO —< 03 CO CO CO CO 03 lO CO 03 1> §8! — no eb — o cb oi cb P oi cb oo loco ttcdcdcoco ©— >— 30 03^ 03 003 t^o-H co obb- 03 coo 03 CO — i 1^0 co — 03 b- CD 00* 03 co COIOCD lO -H 03 ooo — -Cb 03 cooob- •Cf 1-0 Tf 03 03 CD 03_3>- in 00 03 00 S?^03 03 03 lO 03 CO 03 rl 03 O 03 03 LOO 1-0 b- 05 O CD 03 03 T-1 CO o 03 03 03 coo Wh ■^o — i o <0$ O O — i m co co b- ooco 10 03 03 CO 00 1^0 © CO >0 — - Tfi OCO -H ; NNIN--! o’ bT 03 cb i CD CD 03 LO c 030 03 03 COTt< 03000 ocoo cd — ioo OLO ON 03 00 00 00 oooo 3>0 03 Tj< CO 03 03 00 -*03 CO b- 03 Tfi 03 in — I coo NDDLO-H 03 C — '03 Tt< ooqco t-00 lnoPcbcb cd cn m oo rt<03XCDb- coin*no3co co m 03 oi b- ©co-n-© onnoc i-Hooco’incD 00 00 00003 — i I>03 O 03 Tfl r— I b- 03 m r~inm—i © 00 © 03 b- o cn —i o cd — ' b> © NOO o’ -h’ cd’ b- 1-1 T— 1 T— 1 b-ooocn co oo ^ ld — 03 —103 1 -SmSSiS £ > * -s £ is a V 0) 43 o =5 c3 * 5? D _ o c'S'S’S a a 2 a a o ?>^ «-5 a Me M ‘ a o S 2 9 i»,4J — ° -u-2 3 0 C/1 £££ p o p Cities only. in public schools, by State, 1 64 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 ON - i to CM CM CO © CM »~t 1 r-H to to rH *-l © rH CM I-T CM~ Total M 00 CO CO 9k © 1 CM 207, 947 93. 031 5. 930 86. 236 232, 157 31, 281 146, 479 50, 478 260, 150 39, 966 228, 041 30, 876 184, 066 90, 470 169, 056 120, 794 20, 281 32, 129 Grand total cm 2 ,276 ,742 228, 468 99,999 6, 876 98, 648 256, 023 37, 166 163, 248 59, 247 272, 495 47, 814 256, 634 36, 474 204, 942 102, 734 199. 547 142, 841 25, 531 38, 055 State or District of Columbia - Total _ _ _ Alabama _ Arkansas _ Delaware _ Florida.. . . . Georgia . Kentucky. . Louisiana . Maryland . . . Mississippi. . . Missouri . . North Carolina. . Oklahoma. . . . South Carolina . Tennessee _ Texas . . Virginia . West Virginia . . District of Columbia.... Columbia , 1932-33 through 1943-44 State School Systems 73 o -c ft. 1943-44 M 2,276,742 2,029,368 247,374 8,515 539,762 282,170 271,737 254,872 225,511 196,298 163,629 86,874 99,148 68,404 47,695 >31,989 138 * 1942-43 12 2,331,607 2,071,328 260,279 7,927 566,566 288,461 275,861 255,859 229,915 197,086 167,802 81,851 101,044 71,338 >51,097 36,244 556 1941-42 s 2,386,471 2,113,288 273,183 7,339 593,369 294,753 279,985 256,845 234,320 197,874 171,974 76,829 102,939 *74,272 54,498 40,500 974 o o 10 2,407,657 2,143,775 263,882 7,480 612,919 303,079 287,511 265,633 236,259 198,054 165,724 67,116 >101,017 71,758 51,899 38,354 854 1939-40 e> 2,428,842 2,174,262 254,580 7,621 632,468 311,405 295,038 274,420 238,198 198,234 159,475 *57,403 99,094 69,244 49,300 36,208 734 >1938-39 oo 2,420,404 2,189,172 231,232 6,853 658,854 316,407 298,675 274,588 233,118 191,967 >151,997 56,713 89,724 62,790 44,785 32,942 991 oo co . eo Oi t- 2,411,967 2,204,083 207,884 6,085 685,241 321,408 302,313 274,755 228,039 >185,700 144,520 56,022 80,355 56,335 40,270 29,676 1,248 eo J> CO 05 (0 2,425,474 2,227,064 198,410 6,227 709,271 328,378 303,585 275,069 >227,599 183,208 141,035 52,692 78,396 53,883 37,903 27,532 696 1935-36 in 2,438,981 2,250,045 188,936 6,369 733,301 335,348 304,856 >275,383 227,160 180,716 137,550 49,362 76,436 51,431 35,536 25,389 144 >1934-35 2,434,540 2,258,479 176,061 5,567 765,033 335,064 *303,830 272,624 222,125 175,549 131,471 47,216 70,955 47,383 33,293 24,322 108 1933-34 «o 2,430,098 2,266,913 163,185 4,765 796,765 *334,780 302,803 269,866 217,090 170,382 125,391 45,071 65,473 43,335 31,050 23,255 72 > 1932-33 2,391,709 2,242,126 149,583 4,784 >791,079 334,586 299,471 266,167 214,279 166,102 121,570 44,088 60,475 40,439 28,020 20,610 39 Item - Total enrollment. _ Elementary schools . . High schools _ .. Number in each grade: Kindergarten _ First _ ... Second. . _ Third _ Fourth _ . Fifth _ Sixth _ _ _ Seventh _ _ _ Eighth _ _ . First year high school _ - - Second year high school _ _ Third year high school _ Fourth year high school . Postgraduate _ _ Columbia, 1932-33 through 1943-44. — Continued. Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 © k tUD © 1943-44 CO 100.0 dcOlNHHOOONCO^CONH OOOOCO(N(NCOrHCOt^.O OTt<(M*T-HOOio6l>CO^COCQr-« Nhhh i 05 O © © © cqqqqqoqcsiqoqqqcqqq d^C^rHrHaio6cdc.qq-^0 ' dr^fOc^T-jdr^diM’ecci^H^H • 1937-38 - o o © cq^cqiq^qi>qoqcqcqi>q»-< do6cod^di>d(Nco(M’T-HrHd (Nhhh 2 1936-37 to © © © cccoqqeo-^qooiNiNiNq^Hq © 05 00 IN »-H 05 d IN CO IN pH rH IN HHH 1935-36 10 o § coHooiccoco^ooHHioqo odcodrHdt^ddcodrHf-i COhhh 2 1934-35 - © © © (N^oqiociHNrfoioiq^qq O H CO (N H 05 lO H ci (N H ri COHHH 1933-34 - © | c^ooooiqHqqwoNOONOjq OcicOtNHOONiOHWHH COhhh 2 1932-33 M © o © q q »o o q t-h oo q i> ON »0 (NIC r-fCi H H H CO rH 03 0 T rH lO M CO TT rH Prin¬ cipals 1,305 1 1 1 iD CD iO 03 i-h i CO CD i r-H 03 C3 i CO ION CDN ^ i iO rH 1 1 0000 1 'O '00 ' r--C--0 i os in i»o ! -T CO I rH Jos loo ,COOCS , rH ,50 ,eo i 1 I . 8 g I a & v Ih V A O o a ! 0 o ■fr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ! 1946—696973 gr Ctjjr Lisrzcp-'ni r\ I hy BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES^/ 1942-44 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1943-44 CHAPTER HI FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION ■■■■ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1943-44 CHAPTER III By Lester B. Herlihy Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the direction of Emery M. Foster Head , Reports and Analysis Section Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGEN CY — ATTmi'ntsmrtor U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION — John W. Studebaker, Commissioner UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1946 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 15 cents CONTENTS Text Page Foreword _ iv Enrollment _ 1 School Attendance _ 3 Length of School Year and Days Attended _ 3 Pupil-Teacher Ratio _ 4 Supervisory and Teaching Staff _ 5 School Buildings in Use... _ 6 Estimated Value of Property _ 6 Capital Outlay _ 7 Total Current Expenditure per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance. _ 8 City School District Bonded Indebtedness _ 8 Interest _ 9 Coverage _ 10 Text Tables I. Distribution of enrollment, by grade, 1939-40 and 1943^44, in 77 cities of 100,000 population or more _ 2 II. Distribution of enrollment, by grade, 1939-40 and 1943-44, in 297 cities of 2,500 to 99,999 population _ „ _ 3 III. Distribution of 950 cities, according to number of days the public schools were actually in session, 1943—44 _ 4 IV. Number of pupils enrolled and number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher in public day schools, by size of city, 1939-40 to 1943^4 _ 5 V. Percent of total number of teaching positions filled by men, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1943^4 _ 6 VI. Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1943—44 _ 7 VII. Average current expense per pupil in average daily attendance for full-time day schools, by size of city, for 1939—40 to 1943-44 _ 8 VIII. School bonds outstanding less amount in school sinking funds, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1943-44 _ 9 IX. Amount and percent of change in interest payments from current funds for public-school systems in cities of 10,000 population and more, 1939-40 and 1943-44. _ _ _ 9 Summary and Detail Tables 1. Comparative summary of personnel, attendance and fiscal data for public- school systems in cities of 2,500 population and more, 1943-44 _ 11 2. Summary of buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for public- school systems, by State, 1943-44 _ 12 3. Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for public-school systems, by city, 1943-44 _ 14 4. Summary of buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data in public- school systems of cities with 2,500 to 9,999 population, by State, 1943-44. 16 ill FOREWORD 'X'HIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education -*■ is a continuation of the series of periodic reports which have been prepared by the U. S. Office of Education for city school systems since 1871. This report in two respects is transitional. In the first place, it is the last of the city school statistics chapters which were prepared under the exigencies of wartime conditions. The task of compiling accurate and depend¬ able statistics was handicapped by lack of clerical staff in the many city school systems which were loaded with additional wartime responsibilities of the public schools. In the second place, the Office of Education is launching a review of its statistical program and is planning a con¬ tinuing study of the needs of the many consumers of Office of Education statistics and the type and frequency of statistical items reported. A preliminary consideration of the entire statistical function of the Office of Education was made in the fall of 1945 by a conference called by Commissioner Stude- baker on the U. S. Office of Education statistical pro¬ gram. The report of this conference is published as Bulletin 1945, No. 2, Proposals Relating to the Statistical Function of the U. S. Office of Education. The delibera¬ tions of conferees at this meeting urged upon the Office the consideration of its reporting cycle, and emphasized the necessity of considering which data are needed on a current basis, perhaps at least on an annual basis; and which might need reporting much less frequently, perhaps every 5 or 10 years. There are, therefore, some modifications from previous practice in the present re¬ port, and it might well be that there will be further modifications growing out of continued study which the Office of Education is planning to make on its statistical reporting program. Francis G. Cornell, Chief, Research and Statistical Service IV 4TISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1943-44 IE SERIES of statistics of city school systems, of which this *eport is a continuation, .does not include statistics of, schools .11 cities. Schools in some cities are administered as a part of •unty system. In a few instances there are two or more school ricts or systems within a city, and in one case the schools in adjoining cities are under the jurisdiction of a single local linistrative authority. ?sification of City Systems 'or purposes of analysis, city school systems are classified into v groups according to the population reported in the U. S. sus of 1940. The number of cities in each group and the number ;ystems reported are as follows : Number of cities in Number of city systems Group 1940 Census reported1 Total, all groups (2,500 or more) . . 3 MU 3,291 Group I (100,000 or more) . . 92 89 - 3 Group II (30,000 to 99,999) . . 257 254 - 3 Group III (10,000 to 29,999) . . 728 742 Group IV (2,500 to 9,999) . or discussion of coverage see p. 10. . 2,387 2,206 jp ] br ^ 1 •ollment n 1943-44, the enrollment in city systems of boys and girls 5 about 6 million each, a total of slightly more than 12 million. 3 total enrollment represents a decrease of approximately ,000, or 5.5 percent, from the total reported for 1939-40. n 1933-34, the total full-time public day school enrollment in r systems was approximately 13 million pupils. This figure resents the all-time high mark to date in city public-school ollment. Each biennium since the 1933-34 school year has istered a decrease in this item. ^he percentage distribution of enrollment by size of city has lained fairly constant for the past 30 years. However, the centage included in Group III cities has increased in the more ent bienniums apparently at the expense of the Group IV terns. l FOREWORD 'T'HIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Educai A is a continuation of the series of periodic repo which have been prepared by the U. S. Office of Educa for city school systems since 1871. This report in two respects is transitional. In the : place, it is the last of the city school statistics chap which were prepared under the exigencies of wart conditions. The task of compiling accurate and dept able statistics was handicapped by lack of clerical s in the many city school systems which were loaded \ additional wartime responsibilities of the public schc In the second place, the Office of Education is launcl a review of its statistical program and is planning a c tinuing study of the needs of the many consumers Office of Education statistics and the type and freque of statistical items reported. A preliminary consideration of the entire statist function of the Office of Education was made in the of 1945 by a conference called by Commissioner Sti baker on the U. S. Office of Education statistical \ gram. The report of this conference is published Bulletin 1945, No. 2, Proposals Relating to the Statist Function of the U. S. Office of Education. The delibc tions of conferees at this meeting urged upon the Oi the consideration of its reporting cycle, and emphasi the necessity of considering which data are needed a current basis, perhaps at least on an annual ba, and which might need reporting much less frequen perhaps every 5 or 10 years. There are, therefore, sc modifications from previous practice in the present port, and it might well be that there will be furt modifications growing out of continued study which Office of Education is planning to make on its statist reporting program. Francis G. Cornell, Chief, Research and Statistical Servic rv STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1943-44 THE SERIES of statistics of city school systems, of which this report is a continuation, .does not include statistics of% schools in all cities. Schools in some cities are administered as a part of f t a county system. In a few instances there are two or more school districts or systems within a city, and in one case the schools in two adjoining cities are under the jurisdiction of a single local administrative authority. ^ Classification of City Systems , For purposes of analysis, city school systems are classified into , four groups according to the population reported in the U. S. ] Census of 1940. The number of cities in each group and the number f of systems reported are as follows : Number of cities in Number of city systems Group 1940 Census reported1 i Total, all groups (2,500 or more) . . 3 MU 3,291 Group I (100,000 or more) . . 92 89 1 Group II (30,000 to 99,999) . . 257 254 Group III (10,000 to 29,999) . . 728 742 Group IV (2,500 to 9,999) . . 2,387 2,206 3 1 For discussion of coverage see p. 10. Enrollment [ In 1943-44, the enrollment in city systems of boys and girls 1 was about 6 million each, a total of slightly more than 12 million, i The total enrollment represents a decrease of approximately ; 700,000, or 5.5 percent, from the total reported for 1939-40. i In 1933-34, the total full-time public day school enrollment in i city systems was approximately 13 million pupils. This figure ■ represents the all-time high mark to date in city public-school 1 enrollment. Each biennium since the 1933-34 school year has 1 registered a decrease in this item. The percentage distribution of enrollment by size of city has remained fairly constant for the past 30 years. However, the percentage included in Group III cities has increased in the more recent bienniums apparently at the expense of the Group IV systems. l 2 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 The distribution of enrollment for 1948-44 is as follows : Number of Group systems Percent Total, all groups (2,500 or more) . 3,291 100.0 Group I (100,000 or more) . 89 44.8 Group II (30,000 to 99,999) . 257 16.7 Group III (10,000 to 29,999) . 730 18.0 Group IV (2,500 to 9,999) . 2,206 20.5 The effects of the war years and of the decreasing elementary j school population in the 8-year period from 1931-32 to 1939-40 upon the enrollment in the city school systems of the Nation are reflected in the distribution by grade of the combined enrollment of 77 cities having a population of 100,000 or over (table I) and of 297 cities with a population of 2,500 to 99,999 (table II) in' 1940 and in 1944. It will be noted in tables I and II that, with the exception of the kindergarten and the first grade, enrollments in all gra'des from the second through the secondary school years have declined during the war years from 1940 to 1944. The greatest decreases are in the high-school grades. The trend of increasing secondary school enrollments up to 1940 was changed during the 4-year war period. Table I. — Distribution of enrollment, by grade, 1939—40 and 1943-44, 77 cities of 100,000 population or more Grade 1939- 40 1943-44 Increase or decrease, 1939-40 to 1943-44 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent s i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kindergarten . . . 321,069 5.7 336,443 6.8 + 15,374 +4.8 First _ _ _ _ _ 454,910 8.1 466,063 9.4 + 11,153 +2.5 Second _ .. . . . . 410,085 7.3 392,919 8.0 —17,166 —4.2 Third.... _ _ 417,737 7.4 381,688 7.7 —36,049 —8.6 Fourth.. 427,243 7 6 372,518 7.6 —54,725 —12.8 Fifth _ ■ _ _ 425,898 7.5 370,485 7.5 —55,413 —13.0 Sixth _ _ _ 430,757 7.6 380,802 7.7 —49,955 —11.6 ; Seventh _ _ _ _ 443,430 7.9 388,550 7.9 —54,880 —12.4 Eighth . ... . _ . _ 432,112 7.7 388,100 7.9 —44,012 —10.2 Ungraded and special classes... . . . 127,831 2.3 98,186 2.0 —29,645 —23.2 Total . _ _ __ _ 3,891,072 69.1 3,575,754 72.5 —315,318 -8.1 Ninth.. _ 499,377 8.8 419,293 8.5 —80,084 —16.0 Tenth .. . . . 463,535 8.2 369 866 7.5 —93,669 —20.2 Eleventh. . . 376,549 6.7 288,087 59 —88,462 —23.5 Twelfth _ _ _ _ _ 309,103 5.5 232,944 4.7 —76,159 —24.6 Postgraduate _ . . _ 50,295 .9 10,185 .2 —40,110 —79.8 Special and Vocational _ 43,986 .8 32,714 .7 —11,272 —25.6 Total — . ... _ _ - 1,742,845 30.9 1,353,089 27.5 —389,756 -22.4 Grand total _ _ . . _ . . 5,633,917 100.0 4,928,843 100.0 —705,074 -12.5 City School Systems 3 Table II. — Distribution of enrollment, by grade, 1939-40 and 1943—44, in 297 cities of 2,500 to 99,999 population Grade 1939-40 1943-44 Increase or decrease, 1939-40 to 1943-44 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent i 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kindergarten . 1 . — - 39,184 3.1 46,096 3.9 +6,912 + 17.6 First . - . . 115,628 9.1 124,812 10.5 +9,184 + 7.9 Second - 103,726 8.1 103,687 8.7 — 39 C1) Third _ _ _ 105,713 8.3 100,354 8.4 —5,359 - 5.1 Fourth . . . . . . 103,809 8.1 98,404 8.3 —5,405 — 5.2 Fifth _ 102,670 8.1 96,308 8.1 —6,362 — 6.2 Sixth _ _ 100,982 7.9 95,130 8.0 —5,852 — 5.8 Seventh - - 102,740 8.1 95,856 8.1 —6,884 — 6.7 Eighth... - - - - 99,928 7.8 92,190 7.7 —7,738 — 7.8 Ungraded and special classes . 6,983 .6 5,508 .5 —1,475 —21.1 Total - - - — — 881,363 69.2 858,345 72.2 —23,018 — 2.6 Ninth.. - - - - 112,365 8.8 101,628 8.5 —10,737 — 9.6 Tenth . . . . . 106,749 8.4 89,956 7.6 —16,793 —15.7 Eleventh;. _ 91,451 7.2 75,613 6.3 —15,838 —17.3 Twelfth _ _ _ 72,790 5.7 60,199 5.1 —12,591 —17.3 Postgraduate - - - 3,147 .2 2,443 .2 — 704 —22.4 Special and Vocational 6,606 .5 1,026 .1 — 5,580 —84.5 Total ... . - - - - 393,108 30.8 330,865 27.8 -62,243 —15.8 Grand total. _ _ _ 1,274,471 100.0 1,189,210 100.0 —85,261 — 6.7 1 Decrease less than 0.05 percent. School Attendance In 1939-40, average daily attendance was 86.6 percent of enrollment. In 1943-44 average daily attendance, 10.0 million, was 83.2 percent of the enrollment of 12.1 million. School attend¬ ance as measured by the percent of enrollment in average daily attendance in all city systems maintained a fairly stable level of slightly more than 86 percent during the decade ending in 1940. In 1941-42 attendance in relation to enrollment declined, and of every 100 pupils enrolled there were only 84.1 pupils in average daily attendance. This slump has continued into the 1943-44 biennium, and the comparative record of pupils in at¬ tendance for Groups I and IV reveals percentages lower than those for 1929-30. Percent of enrollment in average daily attendance for the sev¬ eral groups of cities in 1939-40 and in 1943-44 was as follows : Group 1939-40 1943-44 All city systems (2,500 or more) . 86.6 83.2 Group I (100,000 or more) . 85.2 80.8 Group II (30,000 to 99,999) . 87.2 84.4 Group III (10,000 to 29,999) . 88.4 86.3 Group IV (2,500 to 9,999) . 87.8 85.1 Length of School Year and Days Attended A distribution of length of school term for 1943-44, by size of city, for 950 city systems in cities of 10,000 population or more 4 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 is given in table III. There were 424 systems, or 44.6 percent, reporting school terms of 176 to 180 days' duration. Three hundred twenty-nine, or 34.6 percent, of the systems reported school terms of more than 180 days; and 197 city school systems, or 20.7 percent, had terms of fewer than 176 days. The length of school term ranged from 156 to 200 days for the city public- school systems. Table III. — Distribution of 950 cities according to number of days the public schools were actually in session, 1943—44 Systems in cities of — Length of school year in days * 10,000 population or more 100,000 population or more (Group I) 30,000-99,999 population (Group II) 10,000-29,999 i population (Group III) Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total - 950 100.0 82 100.0 224 100.0 644 100.0 156-160.— . . 1 0.1 1 0.4 161-165 _ _ 5 .5 1 .4 4 0.6 166-170 _ _ 21 2.2 1 1.2 2 .9 18 2.8 171-175 _ 170 17.9 8 9.8 27 12.1 135 21.0 176-180 _ 424 44.6 28 34.2 74 33.0 322 50.0 181-185 _ 196 20.7 25 30.5 79 35.3 92 14.3 186-190 . . 97 10.2 14 17.1 28 12.5 55 8.5 191-195 _ 14 1.5 3 3.6 6 2.7 5 .8 196-200 . - 22 2.3 3 3.6 6 2.7 13 2.0 Pupil-Teacher Ratio Compared with the number of pupils enrolled per teacher in 1939-40 there has been an average decrease of one pupil per teacher for all city school systems combined in 1943-44. In 1939-40, the number stood at 32 pupils per teacher, and for 1943-44 the average number reported for all schools in the city public-school system was 31 pupils. During the 1930-40 decade the heaviest pupil-teacher load was 35 pupils at the depth of the depression in 1933-34. A reduction on the average of two pupils during the 4-year period from 1939-40 to 1943-44 is shown for the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher (table IV). For 1943-44 the average pupil-teacher load on both the attendance and the enrollment basis was the same as in 1941-42, which was the lowest for all city school systems combined since 1929-30. Since 1939-40 for each group of cities there has been an appre¬ ciable reduction in the number of pupils in average daily attend¬ ance per teacher. This is attributable to the 9.2 percent decrease between 1939-40 and 1943-44 in the number of pupils in average daily attendance as compared to a reduction of only 1.9 percent City School Systems 5 in the total number of teachers. The number of pupils in average daily attendance decreased by approximately 1 million, while the number of teachers in 1944 was smaller by about 8,000 com¬ pared to the total number in 1940. Supervisory and Teaching Staff In the 3,291 city systems under review in this report for 1943-44 there were 3,828 superintendents and assistant super¬ intendents; 4,172 supervisors; 17,592 principals; and 394,590 teachers (table 1). For all city school systems combined the number of principals to a superintendent was 4.6, and to a supervisor 4.2. The ratios of teachers to each superintendent or assistant superintendent was 103 ; to each supervisor, 95 ; to each principal, 22. Table IV. — Number of pupils enrolled and number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher in city school systems, 1939-40 and 1943^44 Group of city system Pupils enrolled per teacher 1 Pupils in average daily attendance per teacher 1 1939-40 1943-44 1939-40 1943-44 i 2 3 4 5 Group I (100,000 or more) _ . 33 33 29 27 Group II (30,000-99,999) _ 30 29 27 24 Group III (10,000-29,999) _ _ 31 29 27 25 Group IV (2,500-9,999) . . . . 31 29 27 25 All groups _ _ _ 32 31 28 26 1 Enrollment and attendance in full-time day schools only. I Positions filled by men represented 17.6 percent of all teaching positions reported in 1943-44 for the city school systems, as compared to 20.6 percent in 1939-40. The number of teaching positions for men involved in this reduction was 13,617, or 16.4 percent, for the 4-year period. The positions held by women teachers increased from 1939-40 to 1943-44 by 5,793, or 1.8 percent. The total decrease in all teaching positions in this same period was 7,824, or about 2 percent. The ratio of women to men in teaching positions increased from 3.8 to 4.7 in the same period. The ratios in Groups I and II cities were least affected, the number of women to men teachers increasing only a fraction of a teacher for each group. However, in the group of smallest cities (Group IV) there was a marked increase in the proportion of women to men. The 1939-40 ratio of 3.2 increased to 5.1 in these small city school systems. While the estimated total num¬ ber of men teachers decreased 26.6 percent for the Group IV 696974 — 46 - 2 6 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 cities, the estimated number of women teachers increased by nearly 14 percent between 1939-40 and 1943-44. The percentage of teaching positions filled by men in the city school systems for each group, 1929-30 to 1943-44, is presented in table V. Table V .—Percent of total number of teaching positions filled by men, 1929-30 to 1943—44 Year All systems in cities of 2,500 population or more Systems in cities of — 100,000 population or more (Group 1) 30,000-99,999 population (Group II) 10,000-29,999 population (Group III) 2,500-9,999 population (Group IV) i> 1 2 3 4 5 6 1929-30 . 13.3 13.8 12.6 12.3 13.7 1931-32. . — 14.4 14.9 13.8 13.8 15.6 1933-34 _ 16.1 15.9 15.2 15.3 17.8 1935-36 _ _ — 17.4 16.9 16.4 17.3 19.7 1937-38 _ 19.1 18.3 18.1 18.7 21.9 1939-40. . . . 20.6 19.7 19.4 21.0 23.5 ’ 1 1941-42 . — 21.5 20.1 20.6 22.4 24.1 1943-44 . . 17.6 18.0 17.5 18.2 16.5 Number of School Buildings and Pupils Per Building Of the total number of buildings reported in city school systems ! for 1943-44, 8,586 were in cities of Group I; 4,739 in cities of Group II; 6,391 in cities of Group III; and 9,160 in cities of Group IV (table 1). The average number of pupils enrolled per | school building in 1943-44 decreased by about 1 percent, and the number of pupils in average daily attendance per school building decreased about 5 percent between 1939-40 and 1943-44. More- j over, the total number of school buildings reported in use de- J creased 4.6 percent over the 4-year period. This decrease was con¬ fined almost entirely to the group of most populous cities. Value of School Property The total estimated value of school property as reported in 1943-44 for all city public-school systems was 6.4 billion dollars, a 22 percent increase over that reported for 1939-40. Each group of cities contributed to this total gain in property investment. The group of most populous cities (Group I) had the largest increase, 28 percent. The total amount of school property in Group I systems in 1943-44 was reported as 3.5 billion dollars, j The group of cities with populations of 30,000 to 99,999 reported the least amount of increase, both actually and relatively. In the 4 years from 1940 to 1944, it added but 67.5 million dollars, or 7.4 percent, in value to its property holdings. The two groups j of smaller city school systems each reported increases greater i than that for the Group II cities in 1943-44. The Group III city i City School Systems 7 systems showed an increase of 14.6 percent, and Group IV of city systems reported a 24.2 percent increase. There was a marked increase in the reported value of school property holdings per pupil as compared to that for 1939-40. For all groups in 1939-40 the value per pupil in average daily attendance was $474, and in 1943-44, it had increased to $637 per pupil, or a gain of 34 percent. The Group I cities had property holdings in 1943-44 of $802 per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance; Group II, $578; Group III, $506; and Group IV, $457. The decline in the number of pupils in average daily attendance in part accounts for the increase in value per pupil. However, this does not account for the major increases shown in table VI. Since the factor of capital outlay expenditures as reported for 1943-44 by each group of cities represents only a minor part in the increases of school property value, the amounts of additional values reported for 1943-44 over 1939-40 in large part repre¬ sent readjustments to conform to increased replacement costs in school property. This is an inherent difficulty with a figure which is so difficult to define. The use of figures on value of school prop¬ erty should be made with caution. Capital Outlay Reflecting curtailments in the construction and equipment fields during the war years, the total expenditure for capital outlay as reported for cities of 10,000*population or more for 1943-44 reveals an 83.2 percent decrease from 1939-40. In 1939-40 the total amount of the capital outlay expenditure reported for the three groups of cities of 10,000 population or more was approxi¬ mately 110.4 million dollars against a total expenditure in 1943-44 of 18.6 million dollars. On the basis of this the expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in these groups was $2.33 in 1943-44 as compared to $12.38 per pupil in 1939-40. Table VI.- — Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1943^4 Year Systems in cities of- 2,500 population or more 100,000 population or more 30,000-99,999 population 10,000-29,999 population 2,500-9,999 population 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1929-30 . . $399 $428 $419 $390 $333 1 1931-32 _ 409 445 437 338 319 J 1933-34. _ _ 409 455 438 378 314 1 1935-36 _ 417 460 440 385 313 1937-38 . . 440 486 480 401 331 1939-40. . 474 539 485 430 355 1941-42 . . 520 592 536 475 388 1943-44 . . 637 802 578 506 457 8 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Total Current Expenditure Per Pupil In Average Daily Attendance Between 1939-40 and 1943-44 there was an increase of 23.2 percent in current expenditures per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in the six major functions — administration, instruction, operation, maintenance, auxiliary services, and fixed charges in city systems (table VII). The 1939-40 figure of $106.63 repre¬ sented the high point in expenditures per pupil over the pre¬ vious score of years. The average current expense per pupil in average daily attendance in all city systems was $131.65 in 1943-44. Per pupil expenditure increased at about the same rate (approximately 29 percent) in Groups II, III, and IV during the 4-year period. This may be entirely a reflection of temporary war causes and not indicate any changes in school policy. Table VII. — Average current expense per pupil in average daily attendance in city systems, 1939-40 and 1943-44 Group 1939-40 1943-44 Total, all groups (2,500 or more) . $106.63 $131.65 Group I (100,000 or more) . 127.22 153.80 Group II (30,000 to 99,999) . 101.80 131.10 Group III (10,000 to 29,999) . 87.32 112.58 Group IV (2,500 to 9,999) . 80.00 103.14 City School District Bonded Indebtedness Data for bonded indebtedness for cities under 10,000 popula¬ tion are not available. For cities of 10,000 population or more, the total amount of school bonds outstanding plus other forms of school debt, decreased by 243.4 million dollars, or 14.8 percent, from 1.6 billion in 1939-40 to 1.4 billion in 1943-44. The total amount of school bonds outstanding was less in 1943-44 for each of the three largest city groups than reported for any other biennium since 1929-30. The total amount of school indebtedness was greatest in the year 1931-32 for these cities (table VIII). With some fluctuations, the trend since 1931-32 has been a relatively slight decrease each biennium up to 1937-38. However, in 1939-40 the indebtedness for each group showed marked decreases over the 1937-38 figures. The total combined for all groups decreased 9.4 percent, as compared with a reduc¬ tion of only 3.9 percent the previous biennium. The amount of school debt reported for the cities of 10,000 or more population had decreased by 1943-44 to the lowest total figure since 1926. In 1943-44 the amount of indebtedness per pupil in average daily attendance in these cities was $176.07, the lowest of any biennium since 1923-24 when it was $138.51. The largest amount of debt outstanding per pupil, $205.85, was in the school year 1931-32. City School Systems 9 In table VIII data previous to 1941-42 are for school bonds out¬ standing less amount reported in school sinking funds. Data for 1941-42 and for 1943-44 are for school bonds plus other forms of school debt. Table VIII. — School bonds outstanding less amount in school sinking funds, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1943-44 Year All systems in cities of 10,000 population or more Systems in cities of — 100,000 population or more 30,000-99,999 population 10,000-29,999 population Amount (in thousands) Per pupil in average daily attendance Amount (in thousands) Per pupil in •average attendance Amount (in thousands) Per pupil in average attendance Amount (in thousands) Per pupil in average attendance i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1929-30.— 1931-32.... 1933-34.... 1935-36.... 1937-38 _ 1939-40 _ 1941-42 _ 1943-44.... $1,671,493 1,918,417 1,749,469 1,832,457 1,761,374 1,596,510 1,646,429 1,403,057 $199.68 205.85 191.78 202.58 196.56 179.12- 194.56 176.07 $1,017,501 1,200,888 1,099,854 1,169,356 1,146,742 1,015,882 1,073,457 923,920 $216.03 222.04 203.96 219.07 217.00 199.35 226.41 210.60 $355,202 389,855 348,514 353,937 321,601 304,290 302,351 255,621 $191.21 203.25 194.49 198.96 183.15 161.93 167.50 150.68 $298,790 327,674 301,101 309,164 293,031 276,338 270,621 223,516 $165.71 164.41 155.33 160.30 152.58 142.59 141.25 / 118.56 Interest The total amount of expenditure from current funds to cover payment of interest on the outstanding school indebtedness for all cities of 10,000 population or more decreased over 23.7 percent between 1939-40 and 1943-44. In 1939-40 this total amounted to $75,278,100, or $8.45 per pupil in average daily attendance ; and in 1943-44 the amount reported was $57,418,207, or $7.21 per pupil. On the per pupil basis the reduction repre¬ sented a decrease of 14.7 percent for the 4-year period (table IX) . Table IX. — Amount and percent of change in interest payments from current funds for public-school systems in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1939—40 and 1943-44 Year Percent of decrease in 4-year period in: Group Total amount Amount per pupil in average daily attendance 1939-40 1943-44 i 2 3 4 5 Total - _ $75,278,100 $57,418,207 23.7 * 14.7 Group I (100,000 or more) _ 48,244,837 14,366,453 12,666,810 37,304,552 10,641,869 9,471,786 22.7 10.2 Group II (30,000 to 99,999). 25.9 18 0 Group III (10,000 to 29,999). _ _ 25.2 23.2 10 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Coverage , Although this is presented as a report of all of the city school systems in the United States, it is to be emphasized that the data presented in this report are based upon an incomplete coverage. Problems of securing returns of forms are greatest in smaller school systems for obvious reasons. Difficulties in securing returns for the year covered in this survey were more severe than usual because of the exigencies of war, the turnover of clerical and other personnel in school systems, and the general lack of suffi¬ cient manpower to cooperate fully in making returns. Rather than report only useable returns as is sometimes done in surveys of this nature, where practicable, estimates have been made to allow for school systems which did not reply. Returns were re¬ ceived from most of the first, second, and third-class cities. In this report detailed data are shown for each of the city systems in these three groups. In a few cases where returns were not received in these groups, it was necessary to use data from the 1942 return. In all such cases footnotes so indicate. This was done because the opportunity of error is greater in estimating detailed data on an individual city. As will be noted, Group IV city systems are not reported individually. Table 4 reports only State totals. The control on this was the number of cities existing in 1942 in this size group in each State. In some States the coverage was poor, and in other States good. In making estimates of State totals for Group IV cities ratio estimates were used. That is to say, the returns for city systems reported in 1944 were matched with 1942 reports and the 1944 to 1942 ratios determined. These ratios were cor¬ rected for the biases found in matching the 1942 and 1940 re¬ ports for these cities and comparing the same with the 1942 and 1940 ratio, coverage having been for all cities reasonably complete for the earlier 2 years. Further adjustments were made, of course, for any changes in the number of cities existing in the 2 years. In a few cases the estimates shown for Group IV cities in States will exceed a 10 percent error. The national totals are subject to smaller errors and are judged to be within ap¬ proximately 5 percent of accuracy. Table 1 .-^-Comparative summary of personnel, attendance and fiscal statistics for public-school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1943—44 r City School Systems 11 o> 0.2 a o o, g o ort »a ap. 05 ©£H I ©_cs Q, o a £. §RS 8.rf& O O O 1 53 S° ^ CD CD $.8. co”ci CD ^ N HCO WO . 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 8,586 368 1,470 7,170 29,670 135,178 2,716,613 2,715,555 2 Alabama _ 72 3 9 47 155 1,215 24,898 26,360 3 Birmingham. .. _ _ 72 3 9 47 155 1,215 24,898 26,360 4 California . 1,679 35 • 166 791 2,735 12,741 273,455 273,228 5 Long Beach. _ _ 356 4 21 36 188 765 16,414 17,140 6 Los Angeles . . 973 11 89 468 1,485 7,136 160,939 159,497 7 Oakland . . . 124 5 16 73 220 1,294 26,905 26,856 8 Sacramento _ 29 4 8 30 147 482 8,236 9,055 9 San Diego. _ _ _ 79 4 11 47 203 957 21,782 22,072 10 San Francisco _ 118 7 21 137 492 2,107 39,179 38,608 11 Colorado... _ 88 5 17 85 225 1,135 26,715 26,825 12 Denver _ _ 88 5 17 85 225 1,135 26,715 26,825 13 Connecticut... ... 115 13 25 119 356 2,127 32,482 33,055 14 Bridgeport _ .. 38 6 7 44 85 660 10,492 10,542 15 Hartford _ _ . 29 4 8 30 149 681 4 9,989 4 10,607 16 New Haven . . 48 3 10 45 122 786 4 12,001 4 11,906 17 Delaware . 24 3 13 20 77 425 7,338 7,434 18 Wilmington _ _ _ 24 3 13 20 77 425 7,338 7,434 19 District of Columbia 180 10 27 149 404 2,815 45,414 47,501 20 Washington . . . . 180 10 27 149 404 2,815 - - 45,414 47,501 21 Georgia . 69 4 12 64 217 1,122 24,507 26,013 22 Atlanta _ _ 69 4 12 64 217 1,122 24,507 26,013 23 Illinois _ 454 22 58 392 2,084 10,820 219,428 214,539 24 Chicago _ 427 20- ^ 52 364 1,965 10,345 211,382 206,387 25 Peoria . . . . 27 2 6 28 119 475 8,046 8,152 26 Indiana _ 169 7 50 173 681 2,808 57,047 57,278 27 Fort Wayne . . 29 1 6 23 128 405 8,368 8,548 28 Gary . 24 2 12 19 94 504 10,251 10,522 29 Indianapolis . . . 93 3 24 111 332 1,526 30,462 30,469 30 South Bend . 23 1 8 20 127 373 7,966 7,739 31 Iowa _ 59 3 11 31 146 686 14,586 14,753- 32 Des Moines _ . 59 3 11 31 146 686 14,586 14,753 33 Kansas . . . 98 2 15 92 189 1,070 23,501 23,223 34 Kansas City _ 51 1 8 47 96 490 11,006 11,014 35 Wichita . 47 1 7 45 93 580 # 12,495 12,209 36 Kentucky _ 84 4 8 59 215 1,156 23,134 23,696 37 Louitville . . . 84 4 8 59 215 1,156 4 23,134 4 23,696 38 Louisiana . 142 6 24 90 236 1,518 29,608 32,617 39 New Orleans . . . 142 6 24 90 236 1,518 29,608 32,617 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 15 for public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943—44 j POPJ^LATION/OR more Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Line .lumber 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 4,387,184 810,060,885 $479,302,429 $674,744,941 $37,304,552 $10,106,956 $732,711,509 $923,920 83,519,298 1 41,673 7,501,777 2,195,667 2,788,886 368,566 7,514 3,228,301 7,115 9,161 2 41,673 7,501,777 2,195,667 2,788,886 368,566 7,514 3,228,301 7,115 9,161 | 3 406,067 74,364,059 46,121,982 68,510,758 3,869,904 1,118,580 77,950,509 78,913 276,703 4 24,557 4,346,433 2,815,698 5,038,473 280,949 218,904 6,332,038 5,601 16,792 5 234.346 43,534,471 25,709,014 38,211,355 2,492,241 451,251 43,637,127 51.0.J4 164,790 6 41,475 7,294,042 4,928,685 6,706,619 374,545 114,605 7,195,769 7,197 27,280 7 14,542 2,515,766 1,818,357 2,811,304 207,939 36,443 3,088,799 4,483 10,966 8 33,477 6,193,140 3,202,341 4,927,213 118,135 193,185 5,371,906 2,238 8,542 9 57,670 10,480,207 7,647,887 10,815,794 396,095 104,192 12,324,870 8,300 48,333 10 41,019 7,223,965 3,927,533 5,281,582 191,431 6,757 5,778,026 3,888 23,073 | 11 41,019 7,223,965 3,927,533 5,281,582 191,431 6,757 5,778,026 3,888 23,073 1 12 56,758 10,204,546 6,662,386 9,111,289 333,519 13,407 9,509,134 7,447 37,713 1 13 17,898 3,250,606 1,780,451 2,249,880 85,299 2,367,558 1,936 10,133 14 18,430 3,317,400 2,655,686 3,771,752 240,740 10,071 4,022,563 5,377 19,166 15 20,430 3,636,540 2,226,249 3,089,657 7,480 3,336 3,119,013 134 8,414 16 12,467 2,303,547 1,299,547 1,756,450 4,050 9,096 1,793,408 75 9,510 1 17 12,467 2,303,547 1,299,547 1,756,450 4,050 9,096 1,793,408 75 9,510 18 78,320 13,771,283 8,994,967 12,872,932 118,632 13,141,459 58,000 19 78,320 13,771,283 8,994,967 12,872,932 118,632 13,141*459 58,000 20 40,798 7,432,862 3,083,372 3,788,711 148,805 68,217 4,102,725 2,8)7 12,031 21 40,798 7,432,862 3,083,372 3,788,711 148,805 68,217 | 4,102,725 2,897 12,031 22 355,213 70,954,534 38,569,956 59,673,468 2,218,294 2.456,542 64,809,167 96,056 278,498 23 342,009 68,353,346 37,346,894 57,946,492 2,206,092 2,422,886 63,036,333 95,558 270,944 24 13,204 2,601,188 1,223,062 1,726,976 12,202 33,656 1,772,834 498 7,554 25 93,625 17,089,232 8,986,877 13,126,922 419,717 91,036 13,715,925 11,526 53,102 j 26 13,862 2,536,746 1,421,540 1,849,258 40,375 32,584 1,923,209 1,046 6,897 27 17,670 3,335,512 1,494,188 2,090,695 120,769 14,466 2,283,440 2,930 8,196 23 48,855 8,887,020 4,855,263 7,348,097 225,578 31,480 7,605,155 6,830 28,079 2.) 13,238 2,329,954 1,215,886 1,838,872 32,995 12,506 1,904,121 720 9,930 30 23,802 1 4,213,011 1,938,601 3,006,954 225,617 92,908 3,361,703 5,966 11,115 U 23,802 4,213,011 1,938,601 3,006,954 225,617 92,908 3,361,703 5,966 11,115 32 38,481 6,752,171 2,723,330 3,796,152 133,227 7,557 3,950,747 • 4,334 16,250 33 18,819 3,330,963 1,192,758 1,703,146 73,319 5,590 1,791,341 2,069 9,707 34 19,662 3,421,208 1,530,572 2,093,006 59,908 1,967 2,159,406 2,265 6,543 35 34,935 | 6,532,977 3,420,994 4,328,327 1,733 28,879 4,375,995 13,244 | 36 34,935 1 6,532,977 3,420,994 4,328,327 1,733 | 28,879 4,375,995 13,244 37 46,590 I 8,665,740 4,346,282 5,788,701 297,145 9,626 6,134,115 6,929 19,764 38 46,590 l 8,665,740 4,346,282 I 5,788,701 297,145 9,626 6,134,115 6,929 19,764 39 16 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP I CITIES, 100,000 j Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment 1 Men Women Boys Girls | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 Maryland _ _ _ 155 5 54 180 552 2,952 65,772 63,186 41 Baltimore _ _ _ 155 5 54 180 552 2,952 65,772 63,186 42 Massachusetts _ 554 22 108 319 1,786 6,315 114,305 112,186 43 Boston... . 261 7 55 109 1,003 2,771 57,245 55,232 44 Cambridge6 _ _ 22 2 ■ " 5 27 146 459 7,535 7,142 45 Fall River _ _ 40 1 10 25 64 409 6,367 5,947 46 46 1 15 57 363 5,477 5 430 47 New Bedford _ 38 3 13 30 49 449 6,264 6,297 48 Somerville . . ... . . 28 2 6 12 87 428 7,297 7,203 49 Springfield... . . 38 3 11 33 152 618 10,862 11,296 50 Worcester . 81 3 8 68 228 818 13,258 13,639 51 Michigan... _ _ 369 11 81 410 1,761 6,657 154,424 157,718 52 Detroit _ _ _ 291 6 62 340 1,468 5,384 126,754 130.269 53 Flint ... _ _ .* _ 37 1 10 38 144 673 4 15,789 4 15,663 54 Grand Rapids . . 41 4 9 32 149 600 4 11,881 4 11,786 55 Minnesota . . . 226 7 37 176 574 3,259 61,619 62,482 56 Duluth . . . 40 1 8 22 97 468 8,396 8,208 57 Minneapolis. _ _ _ 109 3 19 83 331 1,873 34,868 35,688 58 St. Paul.. . . . 77 3 10 71 146 918 18,355 18,586 59 Missouri _ _ 228 9 51 199 664 3,673 81, $63 83,273 60 Kansas City _ 98 5 37 81 294 1,408 30,285 30,276 61 St. Louis _ _ _ . 130 4 14 118 370 2,265 51,578 52,997 62 Nebraska . % . 62 4 9 55 121 895 18,880 18,430 63 Omaha _ ... _ 62 4 9 55 - - 121 895 18,880 18,430 64 New Jersey.. _ 241 22 77 203 1,161 4,989 83,235 81,637 65 Camden . . 44 1 7 27 84 538 8,784 8,622 66 Elizabeth... . . 25 1 14 25 122 472 6,990 6,902 67 Jersey City _ 41 3 20 47 204 1,083 17,446 16,435 68 Newark _ 74 4 27 41 465 1,774 31,660 31,943 69 Paterson... . . . 26 2 8 36 149 676 10,319 9,518 70 Trenton . 31 11 1 27 137 446 8,036 8,217 71 New York _ 1,197 63 171 1,475 7,716 28,904 573,207 562,873 72 Albany . . . 31 2 19 26 59 563 7,206 6,595 73 Buffalo _ _ _ 136 5 15 96 539 2,390 39,100 37,214 74 New York _ _ 860 41- 37 1,205 6,397 22,834 473,750 467,914 75 Rochester . . 55 4- 35 47 398 1,140 19,872 18,868 76 Syracuse _ _ _ 54 7 38 54 142 982 16,075 15,612 77 Utica _ 23 1 7 16 74 440 6,843 6,584 78 Yonkers . 38 3 20 31 107 555 10,361 10,086 79 North Carolina _ 30 2 1 23 30 500 8,419 8,892 80 Charlotte _ _ 30 2 1 23 30 500 8,419 8,892 81 Ohio . . . 576 25 95 566 2,201 9,219 180,408 182,996 82 Akron _ _ _ ... 65 3 4 53 190 1,095 18,727 19,733 83 Canton _ _ ... 32 1 . 7 25 117 454 8,838 8,705 84 Cincinnati . . 88 3 * •y 21 87 332 1,524 29,304 29,019 85 ' Cleveland . . 151 5 32 201 702 2,596 58,526 58,319 86 i Columbus . . 77 4 6 78 256 1,055 20,250 20,953 87 Dayton . . 53 4 2 43 216 899 15,191 15,985 88 ! Toledo . . .. . 60 2 14 47 194 933 17,966 18,043 86 1 Youngstown _ _ 50 3 9 32 194 663 11,606 12,239 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 17 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE Average daily attend¬ ance AXT‘e attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) 1 P J 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 93,394 17,680,542 7,877,948 11,152,067 645,836 8,171 11,929,850 14,648 51,360 40 93,394 17,680,542 5 7,877,948 11,152,067 645,836 8,171 3 11,929,850 14,648 51,360 41 187,065 33,787,814 22,742,270 30,510,505 335,255 ' 53,985 31,130,898 9,422 127,773 42 90,864 16,446,384 12,079,126 16,553,587 215,050 16,873,657 6,336 72,261 43 12,130 2,195,530 1,388,907 1,830,726 28,838 1,867,746 868 6,469 44 10,373 1,870,223 1,108,794 1,494,509 5,023 8,8o3 1,513,469 43 4,987 45 9,624 1,693,952 861,469 1,091,868 1,950 21,648 1,115,466 55 4,673 46 10,553 1,948,002 1,125,488 1,445,620 18,722 646 1,508,670 381 6,820 47 12,288 2,182,125 1.2o7,681 1,643,996 34,402 _ ... 1,695,369 645 4,496 48 17,870 3,199,554 2,324,397 3,058,324 31,270 9,638 3,125,839 1,094 14,833 49 23,363 4,252,044 2,596,408 3,391,875 13,200 3,430,682 13,234 50 255,225 47,993,083 27,305,665 37,431,255 2,372,735 862,052 41,253,800 61,473 144,227 51 210,060 39,937,811 23,681,106 32,108,492 2,206,889 859,398 35,744,982 58,615 116,499 52 25,711 4,576,734 1,819,705 2,806,161 149,520 2,104 2,975,340 2,606 14,216 53 19,454 3,478,538 1,804,854 2,516,602 16,326 550 2,533,478 252 13,512 54 103,499 18,619,854 9,547,117 13,901,789 1,272,676 30,249 15,279,067 23,627 64,425 55 13,775 2,478,874 1,329,351 1,942,469 29,540 ' 15,694 2,011,413 1,313 11,149 56 59,111 10,623,902 5,679,861 8,285,043 844,694 10,259 9,187,778 13,356 36,628 57 • 30,613 5,517,078 2,537,905 3,674,277 398,442 4,296 4,079,876 8,958 16,648 58 132,159 25,932,282 11,859,294 17,506,911 500,561 29,560 18,215,995 14,966 76,631 59 48,906 9,781,200 4,407,084 6,559,981 453,686 21 7,055,936 13,466 33,918 60 83,253 16,151,082 7,452,210 10,946,930 46,875 29,539 11,160,059 1,500 42,713 61 30,277 5,298,388 2,167,785 3,105,774 374,133 41,911 3,543,274 7,651 18,883 62 30,277 5,298,388 2,167,785 3,105,774 374,133 41,911 3,543,274 7,651 18,883 63 134,616 24,948,900 18,605,252 26,828,826 1,889,639 86,930 29,403,660 41,106 91,128 64 14,088 9. MS 93S 1,437,793 2,099,479 136,360 2,243,926 2,912 8,866 65 11,858 2,199,502 1,605,087 2,279,784 187,880 22,863 2,498,411 4,170 8,727 66 28,120 5,014,564 4,316,348 6,691,398 445,748 7,242,049 9,281 23,479 67 50,957 9,657,904 7,316,332 10,448,803 658,822 58,806 11,527,417 14,347 26,566 68 16,201 3,071,069 2,130,500 2,795,947 201,118 1,532 3,025,484 4,384 12,762 69 13,392 2,410,626 1,799,192 2,513,415 259,711 3,729 2,866,373 6,012 10,728 70 922,889 169,146,290 129,970,528 179,336,384 13,476,516 3,556,634 197,836,151 343,931 727,428 71 10,764 1,979,328 1,345,385 1,907,974 157,853 8,884 2,074,711 3,655 10,287 72 64,548 11 696 812 7,225,937 10,628,517 30,953 11,132,731 51,881 73 760^800 139,62 1,653 110,809,324 151,724,924 12,456,335 3,375,344 168,412,268 320,198 602,651 74 32,576 5,998,346 4,367,422 6,552.295 451,597 131,115 7,245,270 10,414 18,563 75 25,557 4,637 312 2,722,249 3,708,516 111,991 3,841,861 2,686 17,699 76 11,384 2,095,591 1,253,049 1,734,082 26,793 2,519 1,769,468 1,023 7,953 77 17,251 3,117,248 2,247,162 3,080,076 271,947 7,819 3,359,842 5,955 18,394 78 15,312 2,758,091 947,101 1,195,884 | 48,211 16,564 1,262,328 966 4,965 79 15,312 2,758,091 947,101 1,195,884 j 48,211 1 16,564 1,262,328 966 4,965 80 317,911 58,275,154 32,179,707 45,558,626 | 1,857,721 310,566 48,021,307 42,260 190,270 81 36,214 6,591,089 3,056,308 4,252,158 185,650 60,424 4,498,232 2,823 16,674 82 15,664 2,819,777 1,242,518 1,813,837 205,305 10,448 2,038,018 3,877 9,251 83 49,763 9,455,418 5,843,354 8,056,522 393,900 35,758 8,607,887 9,189 30,383 84 98,141 17,861,757 10,659,374 15,649,622 237,117 75,020 16,043,354 6,663 64,980 85 37,738 6,943,752 3,275,456 4,392,690 209,277 26,939 4,657,575 4,498 17,439 86 27,889 5,131,576 2,734,684 3,952,838 147,977 14,727 4,152,135 3,091 14,797 87 . 31,073 5,593,136 3,057,948 4,343,099 437,816 41,688 4,834,426 11,154 27,156 88 21,429 3,878,649 2,310,065 3,097,860 40,679 45,562 3,189,680 965 9,590 89 18 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for j 1 GROUP I CITIES, 100,000 Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment 1 Men Women Boys Girls I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 90 Oklahoma.. . 119 4 23 121 253 1,893 38,400 38,320 91 Oklahoma City _ 70 1 7 80 123 1,072 21,020 20,926 92 Tulsa _ _ _ 49 3 16 41 130 821 17,380 17,394 93 Oregon _ 74 5 16 78 199 1,467 28,834 27,704 94 Portland _ _ 74 5 16 78 199 1,467 4 28,834 4 27,704 95 Pennsylvania .. _ 505 19 159 392 . 2,386 8,817 191,025 189,261 96 Erie _ _ 29 2 , 9 18 111 448 8,544 8,209 97 Philadelphia . . 260 12' ' 81 226 1,569 5,509 125,707 124,777 98 Pittsburgh... .. . . . 132 3 - ^ 44 103 528 1,940 41,052 40,712 99 Reading _. _ 36 1 . 13 12 116 381 7,727 7,497 100 Scranton _ _ 48 1 12 33 62 539 7,995 8,066 101 Rhode Island. . . . 73 4 12 52 214 1,028 16,266 16,141 102 Providence.. ... _ .. 73 4 12 52 214 1,028 16,266 • 16,141 103 Tennessee. .. _ 198 7 23 171 313 2,806 56,954 59,621 104 Chattanooga.. _ 51 1 5 45 55 620 10,892 11,349 105 Knoxville _ . ._ . . . 46 4 9 39 124 529 10,960 11,118 106 Memphis _ ... ..... 53 1 48 72 1,022 21,987 23,709 107 Nashville _ .. _ 48 1 " 9 39 62 635 13,115 13,4*45 108 Texas . . 326 15 34 249 619 5,381 105,723 107,038 109 Dallas . . 75 4, X 8 47 224 1,324 26,911 26,917 11(1 Forth Worth _ 63 5* 10 52 95 951 16,145 16,408 111 Houston . . . 121 3, ^ 12 97 194 1,999 40,642 41,763 112 San Antonio . . 67 3- 4 53 106 1,107 22,025 21,950 113 Utah . 47 3 10 42 151 744 16,419 16,177 114 Salt Lake City. _ 47 3 " 10 42 151 744 16,419 16,177 115 Virginia. _ 97 6 24 85 184 1,717 27,737 28,803 116 Norfolk . . . 42 2 12 39 70 762 12,286 12,813 117 Richmond _ 55 4 12 46 114 955 15,451 15,990 118 Washington _ 178 14 35 167 526 2,552 51,389 52,163 119 Seattle _ 94 6- " 27 89 308 1,544 30,660 31,472 120 Spokane . . 45 4 , ' 5 43 125 530 10,661 10,717 121 Tacoma... . . . 39 4 3 35 93 478 10,068 9,974 122 Wisconsin _ 98 4 15 95 539 1,772 39,621 40,132 123 Milwaukee _ 98 4 15 95 539 1,772 39,621 40,132 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 19 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) g © 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 61,240 10,694,800 4,435,160 5,921,850 303,914 98,109 6,337,413 7,291 30,070 90 33,382 5,784,746 2,285,445 2,917,795 145,763 22,080 3,087,781 3,613 15,070 91 27,858 4,910,054 2,149,715 3,004,055 158,151 76,029 3,249,632 3,678 15,000 92 42,602 8,094,418 4,111,907 5,754,848 114,875 60,443 6,025,698 2,144 23,938 93 42,602 8,094,418 4,111,907 5,754,848 114,875 60,443 6,025,698 2,144 23,938 94 308,693 58,822,079 32,401,764 45,821,123 3,496,709 183,889 50,113,419 87,875 249,648 95 14,027 2,637,062 1,396,132 2,143,491 153,222 16,046 2,317,119 3,693 11,980 96 194,951 36,483,023 20,598,766 28,439,021 2,235,008 56,564 31,068,820 54,873 130,254 97 71,440 14,288,000 7,560,322 11,106,287 641,759 51,772 12,059,369 18,086 63,652 98 13,635 2,617,828 1,293,703 1,930,434 258,193 1,249 2,199,436 5,570 30,886 99 14,640 2,796,166 1,552,841 2,201,890 208,527 58,258 2,468,675 5,653 12,876 100 26,708 4,789,004 3,431,562 4,782,266 538,369 9,195 5,346,096 1,064 708,379 101 26,708 4,789,004 3,431,562 4,782,266 538,369 9,195 5,346,096 1,064 708,379 102 95,198 16,970,671 5,891,958 7,566,984 321,326 144,529 8,052,413 3,054 18,853 103 18,250 3,229,921 1,097,728 1,392,212 12,925 1,424,711 5,014 104 17,825 3,120,036 1,262,121 1,605,741 560 1,606,301 5,161 105 37,475 6,745,672 2,347,229 2,921,417 221,836 126,476 3,269, 729 106 21,648 3,875,042 1,184,880 1,647,614 99,490 4,568 l,7ol,672 3,054 8,678 107 169,801 29,623,133 12,062,633 15,220,052 1,121,242 358,501 16,877,988 25,491 64,124 108 42,312 7,321,354 3,333,055 4,080,997 250,371 18,759 4,472,171 6,125 16 328 109 27,647 4,893,519 2,039,312 2,660,252 249,188 56,786 2,966,226 6,251 12,897 110 64,331 11,193,860 4,289,194 5,440,084 364,177 257,001 6,061,262 7,834 22,599 111 35,511 6,214,460 2,401,072 3,038,719 257,506 25,955 3,378,329 5,281 12,300 112 27,556 4,576,314 2,040,336 2,833,545 122,680 15,750 3,015,515 4,108 12,077 113 27,556 4,576,314 2,040,336 2,833,545 122,680 15,750 3,015,515 4,108 12,077 114 46,601 8,389,863 4,043,406 5,126,396 5,242 19,702 5,256,960 16,213 115 20,497 3,689,440 1,691,557 2,123,081 2,153,873 6,767 116 26,104 4,700,423 2,351,849 3,003,315 5,242 19,702 3,103,087 9,446 117 79,807 14,611,527 8,455,774 11,491,690 294,904 90,199 11,968,901 5,605 36,709 118 47,239 8,739,215 5,267,891 7,049,862 252,119 78,060 7,456,295 4,541 23,167 119 16,632 3,035,674 1,696,772 2,335,917 12,610 6,757 2,366,379 361 7,133 120 15,936 2,836,638 1,491,111 2,105,911 30,175 5,382 2,146,227 703 6,409 121 66,883 12,038,974 6,953,768 9,867,034 101,266 9,989,562 | 2,092 44,033 122 66,883 | 12,038,974 6,953,768 9,867,034 101,266 9,989,562 2,092 44,033 123 20 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP II CITIES, 30,000 Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals ' Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 United States _ 4,739 340 1,105 3,147 12,156 57,453 1,008,155 1,011,585 2 Alabama _ 13 1 3 10 16 203 4,192 4,326 3 Gadsden _ _ 13 1 3 10 16 203 4,192 4,326 4 Arizona _ 100 9 10 43 191 792 16,461 16,471 5 Phoenix: 6 Elementary district _ 21 1 6 19 21 357 7,019 6,688 7 High-school district _ 45 5 1 4 104 104 2,629 3,222 8 Tucson _ 34 3 3 20 66 331 6,813 6,561 9 Arkansas _ 47 2 4 35 70 589 10,815 11,301 10 Fort Smith _ 18 1 1 8 22 180 3,506 3,475 11 Little Rock _ _ _ 29 1 3 27 48 409 7,309 7,826 12 California _ 592 31 87 315 1,240 4,443 86,214 87,513 13 Alameda 6 _ _ _ 13 1 4 17 50 160 3,155 2,973 14 Alhambra . . . . 43 2 6 14 55 241 4,479 5,063 15 Berkeley - - - -- 21 2 11 24 4 76 4 342 6,430 6,435 16 Burbank.. _ 23 3 4 17 42 247 4,523 4,358 17 Fresno _ _ 27 1 8 27 132 444 7,765 7,859 18 Glendale - - 65 3 4 36 100 416 7,413 7,601 19 Inglewood: 20 Elementary District _ - 7 7 7 1 7 7 7 10 7 97 2,086 1,979 21 High-School District _ 14 1 2 43 69 1,727 1,679 22 Montebello . . . 17 4 7 16 38 211 4,153 3,895 23 Pasadena.. . . . 115 3 14 34 189 511 9,676 10,234 24 Riverside - 17 1 3 15 49 219 3,945 4,000 25 San Bernardino . . . 32 1 6 7 « 20 « 62 6 252 5,834 5,958 26 San Jose _ 25 1 6 5 « 21 « 102 6 334 6,160 6,141 27 Santa Ana _ 63 2 2 16 37 205 3,656 4,162 28 Santa Barbara _ 23 2 5 16 47 154 3,007 2,872 29 Santa Monica . . . 61 2 3 15 70 226 5,327 5,088 30 Stockton . 26 1 6 4 6 18 « 138 6 315 6,878 7,216 31 Colorado _ 53 3 8 34 99 501 9,246 9,352 32 Colorado Springs 30 1 14 55 189 3,182 3,123 33 Pueblo: 34 District No. 1 _ 10 1 7 8 22 133 2,635 2,719 35 District No. 20 . . 13 1 1 12 22 179 3,429 3,510 36 Connecticut _ 175 10 55 125 353 2,160 34,850 33,700 37 Bristol «... . . 19 1 20 14 42 149 2,639 2,588 38 Meriden . . 13 1 3 11 31 140 2,448 2,473 39 New Britain . . . 23 1 15 17 52 342 5,095 5,224 40 New London . . 9 1 2 8 3 122 1,841 1,718 41 Norwalk. - - 16 1 3 5 30 195 3,187 3,110 42 Norwich. . . 20 1 3 4 2 130 1,869 1,674 43 Stamford _ 21 1 3 18 69 355 5,324 5,249 44 Waterbury. - - 31 1 2 24 86 425 6,897 6,138 45 West Hartford . . 13 1 1 12 31 153 2,824 2,885 46 West Haven . . 10 1 3 12 7 149 2,726 2,641 47 Georgia _ 20 3 3 5 28 305 5,690 6,099 48 Columbus _ _ 20 3 3 5 28 305 5,690 6,099 49 Illinois _ 340 39 78 205 981 4,264 76,795 76,409 50 Alton 19 1 1 32 180 3,568 3,569 51 Aurora: 52 East Side _ 10 1 1 8 28 124 2,355 2,176 53 West Side... . . 9 1 6 19 92 1,486 1,549 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 21 public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943-44 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION Average daily xr attended Salaries of principals, Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school attend¬ ance and instruc¬ tional staff plant and equipment property (in thous¬ ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,696,435 306,503,255 $157,015,213 $232,410,068 $10,641,869 $3,488,135 $239,731,825 $255,621 $979,696 6,822 1,201,520 285,555 349,958 7,904 1,051 361,824 158 812 6,822 1,201,520 285,555 349,958 6 7,904 1,051 361,824 158 812 24,329 4,089,932 2,227,602 3,016,885 128,975 29,983 3,175,843 3,739 9,749 9,682 1,588,005 798,448 1,007,645 54,220 8,041 1,069,906 1,084 2,074 4,530 776,223 551,797 813,666 44,700 4,450 862,816 1,761 4,289 10,117 1,725,704 877,357 1,195,574 30,055 17,492 1,243,121 894 3,386 17,588 3,132,334 922,769 1,256,367 110,385 6,671 1,379,250 2,699 6,308 5,413 940,834 273,370 376,995 27,651 1,983 412,456 646 2,126 12,175 2,191,500 649,399 879,372 82,734 4,688 966,794 2,053 4,182 141,119 25,040,107 15,715,996 23,891,657 808,768 580,710 26,178,903 16,871 78,323 5,160 918,587 625,615 933,354 33,100 151,927 1,136,967 808 2,430 7,668 1,364,914 822,348 1,206,444 43,370 8,217 1,299,191 1,058 4,878 9,918 1,743,331 1,243,025 1,849,056 53,991 35,537 2,054,420 1,036 8,918 7,380 1,321,284 718,079 1,129,343 81,548 45,627 1,548,591 1,933 4,245 12,920 12,324 2,235,417 2,230,609 1,353,313 1,540,413 1,946,291 2,098,655 136,980 10,745 21,726 2,094,016 2,171,097 3,153 7,171 6,596 3,399 607,798 243,218 370,102 6,080 12,809 388,991 120 422 2,677 480,152 325,984 538,535 14,490 19,586 611,934 288 2,713 7,465 1,336,235 660,031 920,015 « 27,505 12,519 960,039 6 488 2,256 16,042 2,871,538 2,324,283 4,174,048 117,522 4,394,793 2,354 11,904 6,558 1,141,105 627,717 871,975 44,203 10,350 926,528 909 4,053 9,762 1,728,161 ■ 8 804,986 1,163,340 43,075 69,501 1,275,916 801 3,450 10,293 1,770,628 1,246,325 1,763,154 30,775 9,827 1,803,756 463 5,000 5,725 1,012,960 591,692 886,880 40,601 2,694 947,496 1,094 2,499 4,754 846,147 580,007 852,970 48,082 5,478 942,768 789 4,557 6,879 1,260,185 765,983 1,397,474 81,946 7,496 1,670,208 1,477 4,027 12,195 2,171,056 1,242,977 1,790,021 5,500 156,671 1,952,192 100 6 3,204 15,219 2,718,074 1,157,622 1,614,137 50,133 26,553 1,694,910 1,212 6,879 5,896 1,061,290 485,269 676,820 6,060 19,735 702,615 235 2,946 3,972 715,045 295,457 396,765 13,211 1,915 413,191 323 1,692 5,351 941,739 376,896 540,552 30,862 4,903 579,104 654 2,241 58,134 10,465,624 6,108,480 8,271,558 360,925 25,106 8,718,429 8,654 33,825 4,771 864,664 405,734 524,725 21,618 1,119 551,289 455 2,610 4,215 751,352 402,185 575,502 23,131 601,341 480 1,391 8,886 1,595,475 970,082 1,281,151 67,619 1,362,022 1,635 6,497 2,881 511,209 257,409 347,770 3,735 317 361,195 78 1,281 5,415 984,974 484,539 696,161 50,351 9,842 758,541 2 1,678 2,552 2,976 532,770 210,901 295,395 9,456 1,156 307,678 2 210 1,315 8,644 1,568,637 1,145,771 1,546,076 64,045 5,836 1,622,780 1,588 6,266 11,165 2,020,881 1,410,854 1,867,033 28,700 3,952 1,919,261 700 6,601 4,697 845,559 470,682 642,704 55,051 1,205 698,960 1,046 2,409 4,484 790,103 350,323 495,041 37,219 1,679 535,362 784 2,903 9,201 1,656,180 474,268 611,888 21,942 4,995 654,653 488 2,366 9,201 1,656,180 474,268 611,888 2 21,942 4,995 654,653 2 488 2,366 127,866 23,240,314 11,450,940 16,756,768 675,276 285,385 17,778,771 19,494 89,728 5,806 1,108,946 356,875 538,364 11,609 - - 549,973 2 232 2,919 3,768 701,158 340,242 477,280 3,300 404 488,859 354 2,405 2,397 441,048 207,035 295,240 5,595 482 301,317 331 1,318 696974—46 - 4 SS2S & & ss S SgSgiSgSiKgSSgSSSSSlKSi s £© © oosU * CO to ~ I I Linenumber 22 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP II CITIES, 30,000 j Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff i Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I llinois — Continued 54 Berwyn: 55 Elementary District No. 98 _ 5 1 1 62 804 794 56 Elementary District No. 100 7 1 7 78 1 233 1,138 57 11 1 1 27 131 2,075 l',939 58 Cicero: 59 Elementary District . 16 2 7 12 5 190 2,260 2,291 60 ' High-School District _ 1 3 8 115 108 2,817 2,791 61 Danville . 19 1 2 12 24 205 3,288 3,142 62 Decatur. . . 21 2 3 21 49 263 5,103 5,289 63 East St. Louis. _ _ 36 2 9 14 61 336 6,974 7,090 64 Elgin _ •_ . 12 1 1 12 35 174 2,679 2,670 65 Evanston: 66 Elementary District No. 75 _ 10 1 8 10 9 153 2,132 1,914 67 Elementary District No. 76_. .. 5 1 4 90 4 1,133 4 1,217 68 High-School District No. 202. . . . 1 1 1 56 65 1,482 1,579 69 Joliet: 70 Elementary District _ 17 1 2 13 10 186 3,073 2,813 71 High-School District _ 3 3 5 68 73 1,446 1,609 72 Maywood — Melrose Park: 73 Elementary District _ 12 1 3 8 4 107 1,872 1,752 74 High-School District _ 2 2 2 60 66 1,895 1,814 75 Moline.. .. 16 1 3 13 36 175 2,803 2,909 76 Oak Park: 77 Elementary District _ 11 1 5 9 10 183 2,371 2,372 78 High-School District _ 3 1 8 56 80 1,749 1,785 79 Quincy _ 16 2 4 8 41 146 2,331 2,532 80 Rockford _ 24 1 4 14 85 344 4 6,848 4 6,907 81 Rock Island . . . 15 1 1 10 31 176 3,692 3,542 82 Springfield... 24 1 3 18 60 311 6,076 5,979 83 Waukegan: 84 Elementary District 13 1 10 5 116 2,080 2,055 85 High-School District _ 2 3 1 2 43 50 1,170 1,192 86 Indiana _ 160 15 47 109 634 2,075 44,010 44,193 87 Anderson _ _ 18 1 4 13 73 168 4,016 4,133 88 East Chicago. . . 12 1 7 8 64 208 4,305 4,370 89 Elkhart _ _ 13 1 4 12 44 147 2,978 2,933 90 Evansville.. _ 23 1 8 18 133 423 9,360 9,283 91 Hammond.. .. 19 4 82 14 88 361 7,062 7,079 92 Kokomo.. . 14 1 5 11 53 157 3,100 3,152 93 Muncie ... . 19 3 7 7 7 14 7 80 7 202 5,213 5,228 94 Richmond _ . 17 1 6 12 36 166 3,482 3,408 95 Terre Haute. . 25 2 4 7 63 243 4,494 4,607 96 Iowa _ 144 7 40 93 270 1,787 30,688 30,906 97 Cedar Rapids _ 20 1 7 20 43 319 4,690 4,845 98 Council Bluffs . . 24 1 2 29 220 4,317 4,317 99 Davenport _ _ 20 1 5 11 57 273 4 5,133 4 5,032 100 Dubuque _ _ 14 1 5 8 24 127 1,878 1,784 101 Ottumwa _ 16 1 4 15 23 188 3,319 3,376 102 Sioux City _ 31 1 7 20 60 415 6,574 6,872 103 Waterloo . 19 1 12 17 34 245 4,777 4,680 104 Kansas. . 46 3 12 42 81 437 8,603 8,754 105 Hutchinson _ 16 1 3 13 32 155 3,081 3,236 106 Topeka _ 30 2 9 29 49 282 5,522 5,518 (See footDotes at end of table.) City School Systems 23 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,307 2,052 3,473 3,938 4,660 5,638 8,573 11,592 4,443 3,030 2,009 2,880 4,983 2,695 3,207 3,132 4,685 4,177 3,054 4,458 10,814 5,954 9,627 3,580 1,934 243,080 371,322 625,094 767,927 843,434 1,020,228 1,534,549 2,183,418 804,183 560,580 357,606 507,514 901,948 471,726 558,030 563,760 857,367 750,582 552,830 811,569 1,793,369 1,131,431 1,780,836 640,881 355,898 98,296 149,590 283,006 464,136 677,351 372,785 600.209 835,204 387,134 392,953 193,908 450,167 382,170 358,707 243,884 367,159 352,079 434.209 485,080 350,015 1,007,758 400,130 773,387 255,308 232,163 154,050 210,591 396,129 697,300 986,480 555,520 805,699 1,268,658 530,464 552,645 292,410 588,401 575,379 576,847 369,963 596,855 549,990 646,138 663,453 510,522 1,488,799 563,819 1,054,775 354,736 456,261 22,294 22,770 6,535 60,001 60,300 8,131 13,825 6,250 16,500 18,990 23,937 43,256 35,505 17,150 34,419 69,688 13,268 33,660 2,975 20,850 51,977 23,585 17,273 17,143 14,490 161 60 8,955 14.752 16,607 1,842 4,526 4,037 2,499 3,329 3,000 1,003 1,861 9.752 38,679 46,777 14,131 29,185 6,147 48,226 13,992 12,096 1,169 1,713 176,505 233,421 414,700 772,053 1,063,387 565,493 826,111 1,278,945 549,463 580,987 319,347 651,947 612,745 611,161 443,061 ■ 713,320 580,189 679,798 701,548 539,973 1,592,828 601,396 1,084,144 373,048 473,052 488 502 151 681 1,087 472 644 100 404 350 582 1,044 1,211 335 931 2,020 452 694 366 3,363 873 1,075 430 322 2,075 1,050 3,332 2,223 3,990 2,702 4,040 4,521 2,383 3,030 2,141 3,736 2,610 2,985 1,745 2,784 2,806 5,634 2,168 6,298 6,806 3,820 6,968 1,492 1,747 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 '64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 71,092 12,643,028 6,439,256 8,879,436 219,352 306,996 9,460,738 5,254 34,513 86 6,685 1,189,997 608,457 785,384 12,824 28,233 826,441 339 2,549 87 7,223 1,306,669 720,257 1,002,528 43,300 21,525 1,103,964 955 4,474 88 5,087 935,944 418,495 584,414 12,375 14,715 612,614 221 2,096 89 13,797 2,428,401 1,277,049 1,752,136 40,583 9,098 1,811,365 897 8,003 90 10,569 .1,923,489 1,069,259 1,476,031 54,655 210,578 1,741,264 1,226 5,015 91 6,053 974,739 482,163 622,519 11,676 1,397 635,592 318 2,690 92 8,415 1,472,713 659,677 911,104 19,198 16,958 949,659 645 3,818 93 5,628 1,021,522 479,966 664,381 14,841 3,317 687,169 478 1,718 94 7,635 1,389,554 723,933 1,080,939 9,900 1,175 1,092,670 175 4,150 95 51,608 9,413,491 4,249,841 5,927,278 131,898 75,911 6,155,229 4,424 26,771 96 8,935 1,697,650 789,397 1,100,494 27,367 20,032 1,151,235 397 5,811 97 7,339 1,328,359 412,394 615,297 9,841 1,234 626,372 246 e 2,398 98 8,1)92 1,499,183 706,631 1,038,045 25,455 3,703 1,067,203 1,230 5,198 99 3,050 536,773 355,605 507,570 6,825 3,795 527,113 360 3,512 100 5,435 989,060 394,917 550,650 17,413 19,432 589,013 675 1,931 101 11,015 1,971,654 1,099,760 1,413,683 15,446 13,902 1,449,390 765 5,546 102 7,642 1,390,812 491,137 701,539 29,551 13,813 744,903 751 2,375 103 14,497 2,486,823 1,100,765 1,601,803 48,973 37,619 1,701,609 1,304 7,760 104 5,301 895,981 374,406 507,950 2 9,535 4,505 524,296 295 1,742 105 9,196 1,590,842 726,359 1,093,853 1 39,438 33,114 1,177,313 1,009 6,018 106 24 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP II CITIES, 30,000 j Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 107 Kentucky.. . . 80 5 10 63 124 832 13,295 13,499 108 Covington . . . 16 1 7 14 60 210 4 3,840 4 3,690 109 Lexington _ _ _ _ 18 1 3 16 18 250 3,621 3,922 110 11 1 12 5 110 1,686 1,598 111 6 13 1 16 16 129 2,022 2,038 112 6 22 1 5 25 133 2,126 2,251 113 Maine _ _ _ 56 3 13 13 76 575 8,478 8,736 114 13 1 3 20 113 1,779 1,890 115 Portland . . . 43 2 13 10 56 462 6,699 6,846 116 Massachusetts _ 410 26 125 245 1,108 4,681 78,970 76,563 117 Arlington _ _ _ _ 14 1 4 12 39 184 3,086 2,993 118 Brockton. . . . ._ 27 1 8 13 37 265 4,295 4,237 119 Brookline _ _ _ 17 1 7 9 54 225 3,086 3,080 120 Chelsea6 .. . _ . 7 1 7 7 57 184 3,277 3,045 121 Chicopee. . . . . . 19 1 5 9 26 149 2,556 2,320 122 Everett _ _ _ 18 2 6 9 61 235 3,872 3,923 123 Fitchburg _ .. . 20 1 5 11 38 114 2,189 2,153 124 Haverhill6 _ _ _ 25 1 3 8 39 181 3,317 3,517 125 Holyoke _ _ . _ 14 1 1 12 48 183 2,950 2,801 126 Lawrence6 _ _ . . 22 1 10 22 71 306 4,638 4,437 127 Lynn _ _ .. . _ 27 2 10 14 85 345 5,955 5,870 128 Malden 6 _ _ ... 14 1 ■ 7 15 61 239 4,262 4,046 129 Medford . _ _ 24 2 11 15 79 272 4,903 4,892 130 Newton . . _ _ 31 2 6 19 108 357 6,080 5,852 131 Pittsfield.. _ _ 22 1 10 17 63 219 4,085 3,742 132 Quincy _ . ... 23 2 4 15 54 347 5,983 5,808 133 Revere6 _ 17 1 9 7 47 205 3,423 3,145 134 Salem _ _ _ _ 18 1 2 10 38 167 2,321 2,242 135 Taunton . . . . 21 1 3 6 26 181 2,554 2,444 136 Waltham. . . . 19 1 2 7 33 136 3,038 2,857 137 Watertown 6 . ... 11 1 5 8 44 187 3,100 3,159 138 Michigan _ .. .. 248 24 67 232 888 3,275 63,819 64,492 139 Battle Creek . . .. 18 1 6 16 40 231 4,451 4,534 140 Bay City . . . . 19 1 9 20 60 196 4 3,627 4 3,821 141 Dearborn. _ _ _ _ 19 3 7 24 161 313 7,297 7,297 142 Hamtramck _ . . . 7 2 1 9 48 132 2,377 2,283 143 Highland Park . . _ 14 2 1 8 47 238 3,234 3,427 144 Jackson. _ . .... 19 3 5 14 70 225 4,772 4,776 145 Kalamazoo _ ... ... 22 1 8 12 70 276 5,002 5,001 446 Lansing.. . . . 32 2 9 35 111 366 7,409 7,815 147 Muskegon . . 17 2 5 18 65 253 5,084 5,084 148 Pontiac _ .. _ 23 3 2 18 60 339 6,740 6,776 149 Port Huron . . 19 2 9 29 33 185 3,185 3,270 150 Saginaw... _ ..... 29 1 4 21 86 390 8,362 8,035 151 Wyandotte . . .. 10 1 1 8 37 131 2,279 2,373 152 Mississippi _ 46 2 9 29 44 465 7,956 9,460 153 Jackson _ . ... 18 1 9 17 29 257 4,838 5,804 154 Meridian . . 28 1 12 15 208 3,118 3,656 155 Missouri _ _ 87 4 17 70 151 962 16,661 17,019 156 Joplin _ _ ... 22 1 3 12 35 177 3,528 3,633 157 St. Joseph. ... . _ 29 1 4 30 56 330 5,289 5,716 158 Springfield _ ... . 28 1 6 20 34 317 5,446 5,397 159 University City.. . 8 1 4 8 26 138 2,398 2,273 160 Montana . . 20 1 3 21 14 205 2,728 2,800 161 Butte _ _ 20 1 3 21 14 205 2,728 2,800 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 25 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts Cm thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) J 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22,195 4,099,459 1,842,420 2,349,631 130,934 34,911 2,517,270 2,481 11,730 107 6,108 1,184,985 611,374 783,988 49,499 700 835,981 1,252 4,222 108 5,667 1,019,465 457,338 580,293 31,452 19,211 630,956 568 2,625 109 2,890 552,004 250,045 317,429 17,627 10,497 345,553 343 1,286 110 3,491 631,871 236,684 296,647 18,760 992 316,399 318 1,801 111 4,039 711,134 286,979 371,274 13,596 3,511 388,381 1,796 112 14,133 2,549,728 1,037,313 1,444,875 57,355 39,218 1,552,857 1,984 5,842 113 3,270 593,919 191,522 261,731 16,000 32,668 310,399 425 1,337 114 10,863 1,955,809 845,791 1,183,144 41,355 6,550 1,242,458 1,559 4,505 115 135,309 23,903,277 13,401,386 18,236,893 169,454 82,922 18,637,653 5,324 84,255 116 5,402 943,757 535,536 725,282 3,344 729,633 2,918 117 7,677 1,360,402 681,956 964,753 560 991,103 14 2,350 118 5,477 991,337 770,566 1,071,507 3,983 6,653 1,082,143 170 4,262 119 5,491 960,925 495,635 628,786 8,684 641,498 172 2,804 120 4,056 728,631 426,430 594,124 600,840 1,099 121 6; 725 1,190,136 665,427 904,396 8,445 915,272 209 4,288 122 3,697 649,964 420,659 • 574,472 579,887 2,769 123 5,589 951,573 415,955 551,965 1,920 554,809 36 2,776 124 4,963 898,340 621,833 869,502 9,960 2,521 902,340 249 1,958 125 8,167 1,447,859 875,866 1,132,689 8,200 4,661 1,159,908 117 4,382 126 10,375 1,835,216 1,113,843 1,586,218 8,939 2,540 1,633,019 580 9,246 127 7,391 1,280,293 592,678 780,617 26,476 39,237 846,330 962 4,401 128 8,729 1,536,337 829,064 1,080,511 14,580 11,219 1,112,163 362 5,256 129 10,230 1,819,689 1,215,599 1,713,346 33,931 5,322 1,761,095 1,092 9,624 130 6,550 1,157,711 562,658 776,304 779,499 79 4,304 131 10,214 1,857,158 951,643 1,282,995 4,806 1,290,885 6,505 132 5,687 989,786 523,420 673,161 9,012 682,173 157 5,517 133 3,909 683,854 421,905 593,729 599,258 2,127 134 4,412 773,979 391,273 557,080 3,725 578 563,264 90 2,423 135 4,936 873,759 440,493 600,534 6,840 375 609,089 228 2,551 136 5,632 972,571 448,947 574,922 24,199 1,666 603,445 807 2,695 137 110,319 20,941,234 10,576,944 16,054,761 658,524 307,597 17,103,364 14,430 80,592 138 7,146 1,357,869 636,450 '965,168 23,781 4,646 999,700 422 7,293 139 6,741 1,152,711 642,813 895,188 8,515 17,112 924,475 359 7,721 140 13,390 2,678.000 1,446,410 2,304,920 197,645 98,906 2,607,895 4,305 13,381 141 4,236 847,200 556,735 987,395 117,523 27 1,104,945 2,666 5,422 142 5,402 1,029,741 897,557 1,501,732 108,318 6,375 1,616,425 2,465 3,777 143 7,752 1,550,296 714,346 1,022,992 23.056 9,533 1,061,198 420 5,999 144 8,096 1,481,630 802,350 1,253,866 37,629 5,704 1,308,488 809 5,596 145 13,201 2,415,903 1,233,569 1,790,962 (9) 106,166 1,907,906 (9) 9,189 146 8,182 1,500,949 711,552 958,557 48,770 12,135 1,023,752 1,018 11 4,585 147 12,178 2,192,040 889,729 1,302,831 69,743 26,375 1,398,949 1,478 6,379 148 5,541 1,044,095 487,763 708,714 3,402 4,094 716,211 38 1,474 149 14,593 2,918,600 1,087,801 1,606,340 (9) 8,313 1,648,971 (9) 6,758 150 3,861 772,200 469,869 756,096 20,142 8,211 784,449 450 3,018 151 13,324 2,653,560 709,427 954,426 28,359 4,988 1,002,206 720 6,000 152 7,968 1,434,240 435,773 579,294 (9) 4,099 583,393 (9) 3,850 153 5,356 1,219,320 273,654 375,132 28,359 889 418,813 720 2,150 154 27,523 4,947,935 1,970,640 2,782,518 183,238 12,398 2,984,366 4,825 14,943 155 5,894 1,061,020 359,440 513,221 21,729 2,167 537,117 464 1,582 156 8,497 1,532,485 678,203 954,712 77,002 6,187 1,038,286 7 2,420 6,452 157 9,102 1,611,085 548,538 787,110 42,043 1,788 830,941 872 2,941 158 4,030 743,345 384,459 527,475 42,464 2,256 578,022 1,069 3,968 159 4,678 902,916 496,130 725,496 23,088 7,342 755,926 584 3,419 160 4,678 902,916 6 496,130 • 725,496 6 23,088 6 7,342 6 755,926 6 584 « 3,419 161 26 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP II CITIES, 30,000 School buildings in use Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Line number State and City Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 162 Nebraska _ _ . _ 31 2 13 25 47 360 6,810 6,665 163 Lincoln . . .. _ 30 2 13 25 47 360 6,810 6,665 164 New Hampshire _ 38 4 7 24 87 309 4,993 4,870 165 Manchester. _ _ .. 27 2 4 15 59 193 3,199 3,187 166 Nashua _ . _ _ 11 2 3 9 28 116 1,794 1,683 167 New Jersey _ 221 21 95 189 826 4,119 62,444 61,389 168 Atlantic City _ ... . 20 1 8 15 58 256 3,912 3,952 169 Bayonne 6 _ _ _ 15 2 12 14 117 440 6,218 5,690 170 Bloomfield... _ _ _ 14 1 4 12 41 215 3,227 3,196 171 Clifton _ _ _ ... . 14 1 4 13 23 233 3,888 3,681 172 East Orange _ . . . 13 1 6 11 68 254 4,008 4,153 173 Hoboken _ _ _ 9 1 4 10 30 212 3,212 3,141 174 12 1 1 11 63 227 3,784 2,779 3,729 175 Kearny _ .... .. . 10 6 9 30 182 2,638 176 Montclair _ . 17 2 5 13 56 205 3,226 3,155 177 New Brunswick . . . 9 1 6 8 31 172 2,426 2,565 178 North Bergen. ... 9 1 2 8 9 168 2,590 2,514 179 Orange _ . _____ 10 1 4 7 28 162 2,634 2,634 180 Passaic. _ _ ... 13 2 10 15 41 312 4,308 4,271 181 . Perth Amboy. . . _ 11 1 7 9 40 186 2,605 2,694 182 Plainfield. . .. _ _ 15 1 3 7 45 215 3,277 3,168 183 South Orange _ _ _ .. 15 1 6 11 46 212 3,123 3,027 184 Union City _ _ 9 1 6 .8 63 265 4,016 4,121 185 West New York 6 _ _ 6 1 2 8 37 203 3,211 3,060 186 New Mexico. . . . 18 1 2 13 28 197 4,195 4,471 187 Albuquerque _ _ 18 1 2 13 28 197 4,195 4,471 188 New York _ 245 25 115 197 734 3,969 61 552 60,753 189 Amsterdam . . 14 2 12 11 26 205 2,410 2,369 190 Auburn _ 11 2 4 8 31 160 2,422 2,403 191 Binghamton . . 22 1 7 19 75 461 6,963 7,019 192 Elmira.. _ _ _ 15 1 10 11 44 232 3,853 3,881 193 Jamestown _ . _ 15 2 8 13 39 260 3,609 3,596 194 Mount Vernon.. ... 19 2 4 15 71 349 5,479 5,463 195 Newburgh _ 12 1 4 9 30 157 2,682 2,576 196 New Rochelle _ _ 14 2 5 16 67 260 4,038 4,102 197 Niagara Falls _ _ _ 26 2 16 26 88 472 7,945 7,642 198 Poughkeepsie.. . . _. 13 2 5 12 27 191 2,707 2,916 199 Rome. . . . 14 1 3 8 21 156 2,626 2,517 200 201 Schenectady . . Troy: 25 2 14 18 93 427 6,615 6,657 202 Lansingburg District _ 6 1 2 10 63 836 896 203 Union District _ _ 13 1 7 11 27 184 2,949 2,625 204 Watertown _ _ 16 1 11 10 21 182 2,894 2,818 205 White Plains . . 10 2 5 8 64 210 3,524 3,273 206 North Carolina _ 113 6 6 107 155 1,640 28,877 30,110 207 Asheville.. . 17 1 14 22 215 3,866 5,135 4,745 4,021 208 Durham . . 24 1 23 35 307 5,597 209 Greensboro . . . 22 1 6 24 27 277 4,735 210 High Point. . 13 1 13 17 213 3,953 4,039 211 Raleigh . 18 1 14 18 247 4,316 4,618 212 Winston-Salem . 19 1 19 36 381 6,862 7,100 213 North Dakota . 11 1 3 • 14 35 150 2,179 2,149 214 Fargo . . . 11 1 3 14 35 150 2,179 2,149 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 27 publicschool systems, by State, and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION Salaries of Total Capital outlay for plant and Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ Bonds out- Value Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate attended principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff expense 2 for full-time day payments from current funds and all other school debts of school property (in thous¬ ands) 1 £ schools tion expense (in thous¬ ands) 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 11,204 1,971,904 867,703 1,221,127 119,978 5,413 1,371,723 2,896 8,877 162 11,204 1,971,904 867,703 1,221,127 119,978 5,413 1,371,723 2,896 8,877 163 8,832 1,517,801 769,415 1,080,902 9,570 1,858 1,095,326 273 6,495 164 5,751 3,081 977,670 540,131 505,431 263,984 684,932 395,970 9,570 1,858 687,508 407,818 273 4,144 2,351 165 166 102,452 18,826,610 14,311,256 19,853,382 1,364,569 55,975 21,310,654 30,193 85,652 167 6,201 10,291 1,128,620 1,879,286 904,492 1,587,847 1,273,143 2,100,472 155,181 10,462 4,821 1,301,253 2,260,474 3,421 5,899 8,841 168 169 5,409 1,001,021 719,801 1,027,037 77,828 1,104,865 1,957 5,188 170 6,315 1,162,117 769,375 1,018,771 92,376 7,023 1,118,170 2,058 3,773 171 6,755 1,256,403 1,057,828 1,382,668 119,385 1,627 1,508,708 2,921 5,993 172 5,124 9^0,310 1,175,719 717,946 1,065,866 67,360 1,133,226 1,301 4,572 173 6,170 794*742 1,123,963 152,477 1,276,440 3,464 5,695 174 4,384 804,468 656,806 903,872 67,486 20,129 991,487 1,555 4,476 175 5,297 979,945 951,018 1,289,605 116,010 1,637 1,407,252 1,985 7,145 176 4,119 745,517 545,651 734,077 39,533 3,018 776,628 896 3,410 177 4,121 4,432 756,187 824,228 438,214 6 495,898 828,137 6 689,786 6 54,816 200 6 135 828,337 6 750,687 6 1,238 6 3,757 « 2,448 178 179 6,969 1,302,052 998,519 1,334,595 65,300 _ _ 1,399,895 1,386 3,674 180 4,538 827,577 695,891 907,250 25,291 932,541 972 2,452 181 5,349 966,684 695,831 961,308 53,698 5,228 1,028,336 1,217 3,927 182 5,273 980,831 801,168 1,094,248 138,064 1,555 1,233,867 2,949 6,976 183 6,544 1,154,941 862,513 1,250,049 67,029 106 1,317,184 1,394 4,130 184 5,161 940,704 617,716 868,535 72,735 34 941,304 1,479 3,296 185 6,700 1,205,958 456,805 594,809 20,260 6,765 630,721 998 2,763 186 6,700 1,205,958 456,805 594,809 20,260 6,765 630,721 998 2,763 187 102,061 18,690,747 12,833,051 18,361,680 1,239,850 101,130 19,845,863 28,327 71,422 188 4,041 733,188 571,579 801,649 63,762 5,886 873,277 1,432 3,134 189 4,102 736,611 450,377 646,858 16,191 4,497 672,122 652 2,606 190 11,877 2,178,375 1,366,216 1,872,365 84,559 1,988 1,988,047 2,084 7,586 191 6,340 1,170,320 682,347 906,121 1,014,331 23,576 10,405 944,059 672 4,275 192 6,286 1,134,182 694,739 39,596 6,612 1,067,556 927 4,352 193 8,898 1,646,159 1,432,617 1,919,679 111,983 5,767 2,044,061 2,317 7,113 194 4,346 807,214 439,257 685,877 47,583 6,483 744,290 1,353 3,615 195 6,775 1,216,268 1,167,451 1,712,889 186,064 8,359 1,909,730 3,975 6,435 196 13,008 2,398,677 1,507,168 2,177,537 263,152 3,652 2,453,622 5,993 9,406 197 4,809 889,665 507,834 781,842 37,398 393 843,493 849 2,080 198 4,380 814,680 438,128 581,500 25,309 1,033 612,610 383 1,693 199 11,225 2,061,693 1,464,849 2,155,675 21,763 29,535 2,228,987 452 6,040 200 201 202 1,457 264,581 144,232 214,983 15,707 4,720 235,410 431 1,190 4,223 775,351 472,285 722,862 21,915 753,182 427 2,702 203 4,666 842,620 487,370 718,077 18,094 4,265 746,468 656 2,685 204 5,628 1,021,163 1,006,602 1,449,435 263,198 7,535 1,728,949 5,724 6,510 205 50,299 9,053,776 2,420,290 3,319,681 338,129 . 122,892 3,785,804 # 9,463 23,371 206 6,616 1,190,937 99,613 215,772 27,500 243,272 2,363 5,143 207 8,809 1,585,620 619,954 794,411 33.917 833,430 973 3,881 208 8,466 1,523,629 491,911 634,584 70,263 26,044 730,891 1,408 3,262 209 6,658 1,198,440 89,417 186,787 62,750 8,523 258,060 2,581 210 7,447 1,340,460 423,439 510,064 67,328 12,309 589,701 1,361 3,047 211 12,303 2,214,690 695,956 978,063 137,788 14,599 1,130,450 3,358 5,457 212 3,643 655,629 368 768 524,547 2,375 20,148 548,331 43 2,009 213 3,643 655,629 368,768 524,547 2,375 20,148 548,331 43 6 2,009 214 28 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP II CITIES, 30,000 | Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9* 215 Ohio _ _ _ 249 18 41 166 762 2,924 54,840 53,423 216 Cleveland Heights . - 15 2 5 19 62 221 4,299 4,327 217 10 1 9 34 143 2,572 2,572 218 Hamilton, . 21 1 2 3 47 221 4,456 4,538 219 Lakewood _ . 15 2 5 14 71 247 3,801 3,698 220 Lima, _ _ _ 16 1 4 17 63 180 3,368 3,489 221 Lorain _ _ _ 14 1 4 8 54 168 4,995 3,182 222 Mansfield _ _ , ... 13 1 5 13 52 164 3,309 3,175 223 Marion _ _ ....... 18 1 4 9 29 163 2,836 2,881 224 Middletown _ _ _ 15 1 2 8 40 141 2,803 2,864 225 Newark _ ._ _ . 20 1 1 17 33 135 2,407 2,444 226 7 1 6 44 99 1,915 2,006 227 Portsmouth.. . . . 16 1 2 2 33 •177 3,280 3,281 228 Springfield _ ______ 25 1 »5 1 12 88 300 5,602 5,603 229 12 1 11 25 158 2,293 2,321 230 15 1 15 40 226 3,872 4,010 231 Zanesville . . . . 17 1 12 7 3 47 181 3,032 3,032 232 Oklahoma _ 18 1 4 11 22 128 2,741 2,578 233 Muskogee _ _ _ 18 1 4 11 22 128 2,741 2,578 234 Oregon . . .. 11 1 11 30 154 2,638 2,639 235 Salem _ ... 11 1 11 30 154 2,638 2,639 236 Pennsylvania. . 367 19 90 170 1,435 4,190 75,193 75,052 237 Allentown . . ... 28 1 13 9 146 353 7,116 7,095 238 Altoona . 29 1 6 6 81 367 5,898 5,996 239 Bethlehem 6 _ _ .. 23 1 2 9 101 203 5,256 4,852 240 Chester _ .. . _ 24 2 6 13 56 275 4,585 4,687 241 Easton6". _ _ _ 14 1 4 15 58 129 3,312 3,057 242 Harrisburg _ .. .. . . 29 1 6 9 127 312 5,882 5,652 243 Hazleton _ . _ 12 1 6 6 81 165 3,087 3,087 244 Johnstown _ _ _ 26 1 7 11 69 307 4,673 4,965 245 Lancaster _ _ 19 1 6 7 82 224 3,771 3,972 246 Lower Merion (P.O., Ard¬ more) . . . 27 2 11 95 191 2,739 2,818 247 McKeesport _ _ _ 20 1 5 15 63 243 4,488 4,488 248 New Castle . . 19 1 2 10 60 244 4,203 4,278 249 Norristown . . .. . 10 1 3 3 . 56 136 2,253 2,362 250 Upper Darby . 13 1 5 12 84 242 3,820 3,784 251 Wilkes-Barre.. . . 30 1 9 12 110 370 5,440 5,440 252 Williamsport . . 17 1 3 15 78 185 3,826 3,699 253 York . . 27 1 7 7 88 244 4,844 4,820 254 Rhode Island _ 101 7 15 34 226 1,061 15,798 16,100 255 Cranston . 29 2 3 6 40 247 3,865 3,939 256 East Providence . . 19 2 1 4 28 171 2,494 2,569 257 Newport . . . 10 1 6 32 134 2,174 2,235 258 Pawtucket6 . . ... 23 1 10 16 112 356 5,131 5,236 259 Woonsocket . . 20 1 1 2 14 153 2,134 2,121 260 South Carolina _ 77 6 19 59 145 1,300 19,108 20,401 261 Charleston . . .. 17 1 • 1 17 48 261 5,450 5,974 262 Columbia . . 24 2 5 16 58 411 6,536 7,018 263 Greenville . . . 22 2 7 14 27 413 3,726 3,856 264 Spartanburg . . 14 1 6 12 12 215 3,396 3,553 265 South Dakota _ 13 1 2 14 28 233 3,643 3,683 266 Sioux Falls . . . . 13 1 2 14 28 233 3,643 3,683 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 29 public-school systems , by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) | Line number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 94,782 17,531,881 8,435,683 12,310,535 623,822 88,901 13,202,706 12,258 51,876 215 7,415 1,327,211 974,057 1,476,966 179,445 1,442 1,664,964 3,464 7,910 216 4,621 827,061 524,934 876,180 48,586 6,242 981,151 919 4,417 217 7,422 1,340,104 560,447 806,674 27,962 16,207 852,387 620 2,878 218 6,902 1,249,322 902,838 1,348,576 72,013 4,608 1,432,487 1,253 5,322 219 6,136 1,104,300 460,663 629,092 10,883 4,850 644,825 172 2,526 220 6,031 1,103,717 510,748 717,129 12,443 9,650 760,929 189 3,265 221 5,756 1,007,125 479,260 689,121 25,388 3,031 717,604 675 3,037 222 5,090 916,200 298,906 437,596 20,858 1,559 460,013 401 2,773 223 5,046 928,670 398,456 659,459 31,452 1,604 694,436 537 2,722 224 3,569 1,017,165 326,372 426,913 21,900 472,717 553 1,629 225 3,500 700,205 403,232 569,090 18,720 1,941 595,901 369 2,390 226 5,959 1,072,567 390,391 577,897 62,375 27,715 689,188 1,018 3,276 227 9,991 1,798,380 860,741 1,167,302 37,317 1,209,147 1,199 2,779 228 4,510 811,798 427,949 572,438 17,229 3,227 592,894 526 2,722 229 7,145 1,286,166 584,869 840,950 24,294 3,194 868,438 1 2,268 230 5,689 1,041,890 331,820 515,152 12,957 3,631 565,625 362 1,962 231 4,106 718,502 260,090 365,786 47,042 412,828 1,040 2,111 232 4,106 718,502 260,090 365,786 47,042 — 412,828 1,040 2,111 233 4,643 798,773 377,722 527,975 12,623 30,026 570,624 358 2,762 234 4,643 798,773 377,722 527,975 12,623 30,026 570,624 358 2,762 235 136,545 25,246,483 13,177,974 18,857,877 1,485,787 415,808 20,772,879 37,228 88,005 236 13,000 2,454,794 1,133,353 1,616,417 105,925 111,404 1,833,746 2,633 7,249 237 10,925 1,966,500 957,731 1,343,868 144,950 10,783 1,499,601 2,743 6,420 238 9,061 1,712,478 647,653 949,520 86,971 78,861 1,115,352 2,092 4,570 239 8,329 1,557,523 730,912 1,045,323 85,830 6,747 1,137,900 2,208 4,455 240 5,495 1,011,080 415,245 643,063 55,933 29,797 728,793 1,296 4,106 241 9,683 1,839,605 1,107,191 1,585,243 63,740 966 1,652,731 1,269 7,039 242 5,472 1,034,226 537,775 783,202 42,554 5,822 831,578 956 12 2,670 243 9,139 1,647,291 868,656 1,256,810 297,763 10,633 1,569,290 2,974 6,500 244 7,294 1,356,913 708,095 939,396 106,723 602 1,048,578 2,730 11 4,209 245 5,148 936,919 799,486 1,180,818 84,429 82,725 1,347,973 5,642 7,468 Z-iO 8,040 1,448,708 735,500 1,012,270 52,781 5,436 1,070,922 1,483 5,086 247 7,342 1,321,501 661,602 972,784 72,849 1,714 1,047,347 1,515 3,745 248 4,465 817,401 467,408 671,346 34,999 932 707,277 950 3,150 249 7,290 1,385,412 861,858 1,165,423 139,343 61,298 1,366,064 3,772 4,972 250 10,177 1,872,528 1,117,942 1,542,313 13,942 191 1,560,694 569 5,623 251 6,554 1,240,024 652,196 924,744 36 380 1,076 962,200 852 4,057 252 9,131 1,643,580 775,371 1,225,337 60,675 6,821 1,292,833 3,544 6,686 253 26,944 4,662,672 2,448,137 3,287,638 312,471 ,92,603 3,702,558 7,342 14,714 254 6,447 1,153,922 591,622 778,204 84,690 1,934 867,202 1,916 3,350 255 4,517 778,540 365,245 520,622 39,076 577 560,683 882 1,580 256 3,649 654,045 375,823 500,276 16,880 1,562 523,548 422 1,422 257 8,913 1,431,672 790,089 1,042,155 133,575 88,530 1,264,412 3,272 6,837 258 3,618 644,493 325,358 446,381 38,250 486,713 850 1,525 259 32,604 5,824,554 2,007,725 2,642,148 136,931 27,101 2,832,387 3,357 10,778 260 9,175 1,651,616 528,973 692,774 34,990 1,350 731,445 874 2,693 261 11,164 1,977,906 734,013 1,065,510 55,387 5,903 1,129,225 1,314 3,320 262 6,445 1,159,100 392,789 458,412 20,322 16,410 516,595 492 2,083 263 5,820 1,035,932 351,950 425,452 26,232 3,438 455,122 677 2,682 264 6,186 1,110,890 461,525 647,895 15,397 1,791 665,083 415 3,900 265 6,186 1,110,890 1 461,525 1 647,895 15,397 1,791 1 665,083 415 1 3,900 266 30 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP II CITIES, 30,000 Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 267 Texas _ _ 256 16 33 167 389 3,713 66,052 66,145 268 Amarillo _ _ _ _ 24 1 2 11 39 309 5,271 5,319 269 Austin _ __ __ 38 • 1 4 13 46 470 7,537 7,352 270 Beaumont: 271 City District _ . .. 16 1 4 14 24 243 4,174 4,154 27° 8 1 5 5 55 1,034 963 272 12 • 1 5 26 100 1,702 1,699 274 24 1 22 29 433 7,135 7,119 275 El Paso _ _ .. 41 2 7 22 47 582 11,100 11,011 276 Galveston _ _ _ 12 1 4 12 36 280 4,558 4,612 277 Laredo _ ... 14 1 3 4 10 200 4,001 4,255 278 Lubbock. _ _ .. 12 1 1 13 26 196 4,241 4,125 279 Port Arthur _ .. 11 2 2 9 29 287 5,398 5,304 280 Waco _ _ _ _ _ 23 1 4 23 44 333 5,668 6,106 281 Wichita Falls . . . 21 2 2 14 28 225 4,233 4,126 282 Utah... .... . 15 1 5 14 78 260 5,484 5.630 283 Ogden . . 15 1 5 14 78 260 5,484 5,630 284 Virginia _ 152 10 18 114 219 1,876 31,471 32,664 285 Alexandria.. . . . . 12 j 11 13 200 3,406 3,297 286 Arlington County (P.O. Arlington)10... _ 32 1 4 30 33 244 5,916 5,783 287 Danville _ _ 15 1 9 24 201 2,932 3,248 288 Lynchburg.. . 22 1 12 27 266 3,530 3,701 289 Newport News.. _ _ ... 12 2 7 11 41 202 3,669 3,878 290 Petersburg _ .. . 22 1 3 11 20 170 2,480 2,661 291 Portsmouth _ . 18 1 4 11 16 223 4,088 4,337 222 Roanoke _ 19 2 19 45 370 5,450 5,759 293 Washington _ . 16 1 3 11 38 194 3,843 3,852 294 Everett . . . . 16 1 3 11 38 194 3,843 3,852 295 Wisconsin _ . 151 11 43 118 504 2,125 36,823 37,418 296 Eau Claire _ . 10 1 1 9 31 136 2,338 2,504 297 Green Bay _ . 18 1 6 13 45 197 3,392 3,547 298 Kenosha. _ _ 18 1 3 13 53 222 4,169 4,185 299 La Crosse . . . 13 2 3 13 46 177 3,023 3,137 300 Madison . . 19 1 11 18 71 347 6,041 6,077 301 Oshkosh . . . . 14 1 4 10 47 203 3,154 3,259 302 Racine . . . 19 1 4 14 60 301 5,523 5,530 203 Sheboygan . . . 12 1 3 8 59 i95 3,228 3,413 304 Superior . . 14 1 3 9 42 155 2,789 2,725 305 West Allis . 14 1 5 11 50 192 3,166 3,041 (See footnotes at end of table.) rtagg'ggj r«s t a 1 * i « City School Systems 31 U public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943-44 — Continued )( TO 99,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) 3 0 B a 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 108,446 18,581,964 6,657,458 8,765,197 609,265 281,724 9,728,581 14,527 37,143 267 9,200 1,191,836 616,461 793,200 73,033 11,020 877,253 1,510 2,951 268 12,044 2,116,684 742,792 943,723 56,856 1,892 1,009,707 1,531 4,293 269 270 7,307 1,286,032 458,543 584,465 69,790 49,553 715,294 1,632 2,691 271 1,719 300,941 76,858 111,414 10,523 5,259 127,196 215 506 272 2,997 524,475 191,030 292,985 14,093 13,945 321,023 270 994 273 11,268 1,971,915 788,016 1,015,042 61,530 6,775 1,088,696 1,558 3,369 274 18,186 3,157,546 1,089,284 1,447,583 75,077 91,497 1,662,438 1,551 4,626 275 7,315 1,280,125 511,732 674,640 4,147 684,565 4,824 276 7,328 1,296,964 242^677 354,922 22,895 15,755 393,572 497 1,605 277 6,216 1,120,809 366,834 494,761 57,766 57,771 610,298 1,383 1,738 278 8,665 1,499,309 520,459 704,620 68,597 16,875 790,092 1,488 3,993 279 9,250 1,618,750 587,226 739,149 50,950 790,099 1,352 2,885 280 6,951 1,216,578 465,546 608,693 48,155 7,235 658,348 1,540 2,668 281 9,312 1,638,912 696,137 909,519 22,028 16,352 949,140 636 3,866 282 9,312 1,638.912 696,137 909,519 22,028 16,352 949,140 636 3,866 283 53,077 9,702,499 3,882,450 5,081,955 236,445 197,066 5,620,547 5,386 15,229 284 5,806 1,045,081 464,948 599,964 7 32,520 7,899 651,692 7 813 6 1,725 285 286 9,091 1,709,081 580,953 764,005 61,947 179,412 1,043,507 1,471 2,970 5,112 920,107 380,496 469,811 7 13,160 975 488,915 7 329 6 1,218 287 6,292 1,145,000 479,184 613,002 35,684 1,551 653,839 781 6 1,946 288 6,131 1,128,081 553,829 707,007 50,387 1,021 783,523 1,079 1,799 289 4,284 775,501 309,529 388,338 36,000 2,765 430,356 800 1,271 290 6,908 1,278,045 480,810 586,424 6,747 2,293 604,041 113 1,498 291 9,453 1,701,603 632,701 953,404 1,150 964,674 2,802 292 5,988 1,065,975 451,801 659,765 11,590 11,742 684,678 236 2,384 293 5,988 •1,065,975 451,801 659,765 11,590 11,742 684,678 236 2,384 294 63,655 11,612,189 5,963,869 8,671,315 218,254 140,484 10,187,591 6,000 42,524 295 4,513 785,222 298,181 475,354 1,600 12,168 535,721 40 1,678 296 5,919 1,059,475 480,884 754,647 29,503 11,482 892,198 960 4,876 297 6,956 1,262,584 733,187 1,049,152 22,704 6,631 1,185,670 349 5,359 298 5,403 1,026,570 462,119 723,932 14,008 831,629 3,888 299 9,731 1,712,599 1,092,103 1,554,936 56,457 6,906 1,864,314 1,576 7,621 300 5,402 977,769 533,231 754,031 3,400 7,403 844,178 160 2,533 301 9,440 1,803,260 866,412 1,200,650 21,115 27,104 1,414,449 478 6,134 302 5,933 1,097,499 490,176 699,772 9,375 23,214 870,322 353 4,311 303 4,630 810,279 382,169 581,435 42,520 4,031 689,818 1,133 2,686 304 5,728 1,076,932 625,407 877,406 31,580 27,537 1,059,292 951 3,438 305 32 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 Line number j State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment 1 Men Women Boys Girls i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 United States _ 6,391 802 1,159 3,435 13,483 60,738 1,087,626 1,097,441 2 Alabama. . 98 10 5 47 71 963 19,213 20,749 3 12 1 9 7 138 2,618 2,827 4 Bessemer . . 8 1 1 3 12 123 2,294 2,582 5 9 1 9 4 62 1,626 1,617 6 Dothan . 10 1 1 3 7 81 1,611 1,719 7 9 1 1 3 1 78 1,399 1,577 8 8 1 6 17 74 1,628 9 Huntsville . . . 7 1 1 3 2 78 1,618 1 ,619 10 9 1 2 6 94 2,130 2,215 11 14 1 3 5 104 1,957 2,270 12 Tuscaloosa . 12 1 1 6 10 131 2,332 2,548 13 Arkansas . . 81 7 1 30 68 676 13,495 14,262 14 10 1 3 5 53 1,211 1.259 9 1 6 8 96 1,882 2,029 16 13 1 10 11 109 2,322 2,485 17 8 1 2 8 60 1,043 1,067 18 North Little Rock _ 14 1 3 15 139 2,990 3,025 19 Pino Bluff ... 18 1 1 15 136 2,450 2,693 20 Texarkana. .. 9 1 6 6 83 1,597 1,704 21 California . 513 55 93 277 1,545 3,997 87,767 86,203 22 Albany . . 7 1 3 16 57 1,228 1,210 23 Anaheim: 24 Elementary District _ 11 1 3 1 11 39 830 676 25 High-School District _ 1 1 6 2 6 3 8 21 8 25 523 449 26 Bakersfield: 27 Elementary District . 18 3 3 16 6 249 4,373 4,150 28 High-School District _ 36 2 1 5 100 98 3,464 3,514 29 Beverly Hills . 5 1 7 4 7 7 7 41 7 96 1,610 1,750 30 Brawley: 31 Elementary District _ 6 1 5 2 59 4 1,140 4 1,010 32 High-School District _ 1 1 Ml 4 12 215 242 33 Burlingame . . 6 1 7 5 4 53 881 822 34 Compton: 35 Elementary District . 17 2 6 10 132 2,476 2,348 36 High-School District _ 6 1 « 12 6 14 8 117 8 122 3,816 3,814 37 El Centro . 6 6 7 7 31 7 52 1,163 1,185 38 El Monte: 39 Elementary District _ 5 8 1 8 1 8 25 8 73 1,873 1,733 40 High-School District _ i 1 1 2 20 56 4 986 4 1,026 41 Eureka. . 13 1 6 2 16 93 1,641 1,559 42 Fullerton: 43 Elementary District 12 1 4 2 42 665 638 44 High-School District 8_„ 2 1 6 59 607 794 45 Lodi . . . . 5 1 6 5 8 27 8 63 1,365 1,382 46 Lynwood . 6 1 7 5 7 11 7 59 1,364 1,318 47 Merced: 48 Elementary District . 4 1 8 1 6 2 6 8 8 40 892 879 49 High-School District _ 8 1 2 17 37 619 694 50 Modesto . 12 1 6 10 8 54 8 115 3,159 3,125 51 Monrovia: 52 Elementary District . 13 1 2 1 7 48 999 839 53 High-School District _ 10 1 30 47 808 880 54 Monterey: 55 Elementary District . 8 1 1 5 2 58 1,126 1,075 56 High-School District _ 7 1 1 1 13 15 318 382 57 National City: 58 Elementary District . 11 1 4 56 1,184 1,074 59 High-School District _ 5 1 5 34 91 1,577 1,664 60 Ontario: 61 Elementary District . 9 2 2 7 7 89 1,599 1,491 62 High-School District _ 15 1 4 46 69 1,150 1.444 63 Palo Alto . 14 1 2 7 38 96 2,405 2,015 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 33 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Bonds Average daily attend- Salaries of Total current Interest Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, out¬ standing Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Aggregate principals, expense 2 payments 14, and 15 and J days attended supervisors, and instruc- for full-time from current plus adult and part- all other school 1 tional staff day schools funds time educa¬ tion expense debts (in thous¬ O a ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,885,232 333,016,405 8144,137,881 §212,244,931 $9,471,786 $5,004,159 $229,155,777 $223,516 $954,556 i 33,827 6,057,849 1,249,857 1,660,635 21,459 64,210 1,761,451 917 7,928 2 4,366 777,189 8197,516 $254,740 $13,098 5,614 $273,580 $1,126 3 4’349 782,820 136,060 178,937 $5,780 192,673 $480 892 4 2,627 472,880 115,882 138,575 7 12,708 480 151,763 378 721 5 2,8*2 500,170 108,929 140,719 760 2,242 144,782 36 890 6 2,652 477,360 100,526 139,237 62 24,544 2,352 983 163,843 166,774 734 7 2,911 7 2,751 3,884 512,349 115,182 100,703 163,282 1,080 13 546 g 7 481,425 125,244 127,269 658 9 679; 700 683,304 97,860 118,396 132,709 182 5,590 138,601 178,771 231 10 3,521 177,519 12 926 11 3,924 690,652 158,803 209,673 862 9,307 223,395 23 1,204 12 22,276 3,930,642 822,844 1,108,263 117,848 48,708 1,274,819 3,474 5,865 13 1,953 343,728 58,822 79,836 5,855 63 85,754 182 293 14 3,403 605,734 138,358 167,413 10,598 1,151 179,162 438 853 15 3,591 628,425 125,608 173,939 22,027 190 196,156 537 1,380 16 1,918 341,400 67,437 88,036 13,189 14,354 115,579 431 767 17 4,638 834,840 174,205 251,919 31,950 32,328 316,197 1,040 1,088 18 4,380 2,393 757,740 418,775 163,612 213,454 133,666 16,918 230,372 358 1,028 19 94,802 17,311 622 151,599 488 456 20 139,923 24,571,757 13,818,449 20,868,948 627,614 973,007 23,164,996 13,743 68,950 21 2,214 389,664 175,725 257,969 3,080 7,403 278,235 61 1,598 22 23 24 1,322 232,678 107,230 148,616 4,925 660 154,201 130 924 850 146,138 115,760 219,568 7,575 1,866 229,009 192 6 8Cg) 25 26 27 7,124 4,302 2,943 1,282,320 776,397 517,967 566,586 584,077 797,599 1,045,340 670,897 46,824 844,423 2,656 64,400 4,558 1,109,740 740,513 4,353 « 2,941 28 7 412,845 65,058 1,402 29 30 31 1,849 396 314,330 104,440 60,308 159,045 103,723 3,848 162,893 95 401 67,352 4,238 1,987 109,948 67 “ 592 32 1,46*3 4,057 6,171 261,992 142,215 260,737 686,769 185,605 2,650 24,480 47,090 188,255 46 645 33 703,439 1,067,619 382,737 1,238,115 407,217 693 866 34 35 72,371 1,357,576 965 ii 1,748 36 1,983 337,229 185,471 281,111 10,045 3,816 294,972 154 1* 1,147 37 38 39 2,882 492,790 183,464 270,471 5,175 2,844 278,490 126 6 742 1,730 311.400 184,121 296,736 11,128 3,842 329,818 332 1,051 40 2,765 483,875 248,064 370,673 16,100 • 7,737 405,675 469 1,136 41 42 43 1,217 209,237 100,078 147,595 4,501 220 152,316 124 687 1,129 195,259 264,609 531,700 2,325 4,067 544,699 37 3,051 44 2,335 415,169 225,533 326,543 6,768 13,647 346,958 167 1,180 45 2,265 400,991 164,169 224,309 8,100 17,736 250,145 15” 6 505 46 / 47 1,476 1,043 5,193 250,967 177,310 883,067 93,073 144,405 441,648 129,707 226 129,933 I2 325 48 264,555 5,000 273,555 568 49 630,011 15,800 55,148 700,959 303 12 1,538 50 51 52 1,529 273,941 101,400 143,075 9,189 2,348 287,678 335 303 1,236 1,772 221,157 308,475 177,408 135,791 239,951 17,425 3,913 10,891 9,986 270,253 826 53 193,836 207,735 77 609 54 55 548 94,350 319,541 86,168 110,527 142,630 189,322 1,438 166,099 450 56 1,826 4,919 6,494 200,735 117 454 57 58 2,627 462,469 255,130 377,272 9,175 12,912 440,457 191 867 59 AO 2,585 1,788 438,560 303,923 177,486 276,356 252,185 7,603 259,788 149 887 OU 61 431,414 14,148 66,663 799,541 286 3,193 62 3,166 557,340 1 344,448 517,766 30,418 8,135 570,047 714 1,620 63 M = s a a> a h) 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 State and City School buildings in us Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California— Conr. Pomona.. . . . 10 i 7 4 7 9 7 46 7 104 2,454 2,411 Redlands . . . 42 i 3 8 20 103 1,901 1,799 Redondo Beach: Elementary District . 6 i 1 4 2 75 1,418 1,274] High-School District _ 8 i 1 24 42 813 8751 Redwood City: Elementary District . 6 i 2 6 4 62 1,414 1,405' High-School District - 3 i 3 1 43 44 1,009 1,024 Richmond . . . 19 i 7 14 7 43 7 326 7 327 11,815 11,947 11 i 6 38 104 2,348 2,348' San Gabriel _ 8 i 3 5 2 73 1,310 1,171 San Leandro . . 4 i 6 1 61 1 4 7 63 1,474 1,3411 San Mateo: Elementary District . 9 i 1 1 5 64 1,559 1,361 High-School District _ 9 i 1 2 42 63 1,197 1,199? 23 i 5 24 72 1,340 1,268 6 i 6 5 633 6 67 1,386 1 ,352 : South Pasadena . . 24 2 4 9 22 82 1,329 1,3341 Vallejo _ 18 1 7 11 7 74 7 262 5,632 5,477 Ventura: Elementary District . 7 1 1 4 38 497 514 High-School District _ 12 1 «5 7 28 7 40 968 965 Whittier: Elementary District . 7 1 6 1 7 7 7 58 931 967j High-School District _ 1 1 25 56 916 987 Colorado . . 54 5 6 23 87 436 6,644 6,97(8 Boulder . . 13 1 8 19 92 1,254 1,261* Fort Collins . . 9 1 1 2 22 82 1,215 1,192’ Grand Junction _ 10 1 2 1 21 83 1,356 1,455 Greeley _ _ 15 1 2 5 13 104 1,801 1,944 Trinidad . . 7 1 1 7 12 75 1,018 1,124 Connecticut . . 110 12 22 75 167 1,020 17,484 17,369 Ansonia6 _ _ 8 1 4 9 23 80 1,485 1,425 Danbury _ _ 12 1 2 5 16 121 2,043 2,044 Derby 6 _ _ 5 1 5 7 40 644 643 East Hartford _ _ _ 10 1 4 9 10 108 2,141 2,017 Groton 6 13 1 1 10 10 69 1,219 1,160 Middletown 5 1 1 16 70 1,072 1,116 Naugatuck 6 . . . 10 1 4 7 14 76 1,113 1,143 Shelton. _ 7 1 6 4 47 737 727 Stratford _ _ _ _ 13 1 4 7 18 143 2,661 2,668 Torrington _ 13 1 3 10 25 117 2,007 2,056 Wallingford _ 8 1 4 13 81 1,212 1,177 Willimantic 6 . . . . 6 1 2 11 68 1,150 1,193 Georgia . 109 13 6 30 105 1,125 20,677 22,385 Albany _ 11 1 24 110 2,099 2,254 Athens _ 11 1 1 7 118 1,989 2,213 Dalton _ 6 1 8 61 1,304 1,295 Decatur _ 9 1 1 9 9 104 1,652 1,765 Gainesville _ 4 1 1 4 50 1,015 1,100 Griffin _ _ 8 1 1 1 11 74 1,379 1,394 La Grange.. _ 10 1 7 5 132 2,428 2,621 Moultrie _ 7 1 2 7 80 1,312 1,481 Rome _ _ _ 15 2 1 2 5 124 2,639 2,828 Thomasville... . 8 1 4 11 68 1,276 1,479 Valdosta . 7 1 7 97 1,825 1,952 Waycross. . . . 13 3 3 7 107 1,759 2,003 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 35 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current . expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Line number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3,932 700,029 388,836 566,784 29,080 1,167 596,031 565 32 1,768 64 3,461 612,597 273,190 429,641 12,950 6,334 451,237 257 2,576 65 2,212 396,127 130,908 190,627 6,400 5,163 202,190 130 539 DO 67 1,322 244,580 167,340 284,856 7,926 5,414 342,655 167 1,187 68 fiO 2,385 417,327 155,539 210,470 7,273 5,056 222,799 159 810 DU 70 1,571 271,720 278,323 384,456 4,710 3,94 1 406,405 100 1,059 71 17,619 3,101,042 1,910,770 2,398,628 40,015 260,754 2,699,397 776 6 4,645 72 3,522 605,784 337,751 521,705 12,815 35,201 602,941 337 2,407 73 2,060 366,680 166,668 221,280 8,225 5,479 234,984 172 469 74 2,222 386,666 159,834 218,617 3,885 4,072 226,574 99 12 481 75 2,567 459,180 168,820 233,089 4,275 14,712 252,076 178 600 / 0 77 2,089 374,001 326,981 480,431 12,015 9,621 515,265 461 1,462 78 2,140 370,250 232,474 390,758 14,123 5,037 416,218 295 985 79 2 232 3 10,679 224,834 336,851 19,218 8,036 364,105 397 12 1,058 80 2,364 424,628 305,479 471,484 24,913 2,272 509,498 447 3,148 81 8,820 1,568,707 824,802 1,281,012 23,923 155,069 1,460,004 546 2,176 82 Q9 849 148,575 91,840 147,761 5,278 1,992 155,031 80 462 Ou 84 1,615 279,395 204,465 361,137 19,454 4,957 408,467 438 2,177 85 1,619 284,916 ' 122,927 171,388 9,945 261 181,594 174 6 625 oO 87 1,536 271,928 230,627 398,897 21,515 5,250 425,662 576 “ 1,653 88 11,806 2,101,978 904,066 1,324,818 46,066 8,965 1,382,349 1,119 4,365 89 2,012 362,160 177,729 • 299,595 4,975 2,435 308,505 192 1,168 90 2,215 396,502 182,900 269,215 15,471 1,443 287,129 325 882 91 2,736 489,793 163,194 234,148 12,110 2,050 248,308 326 884 92 2,801 490,157 22 3,783 317,067 8,750 1,257 327,074 151 896 93 2,042 363,336 156,460 204,793 4,760 1,780 211,333 125 535 94 30,479 5,513,077 2,441,358 3,624,865 84,452 34,007 3,763,549 2,053 12,842 95 2,668 487,566 234,039 300,616 4,388 305,912 190 923 96 3,438 622,278 278,711 412,762 18,476 3,384 437,417 390 1,317 97 1,1)3 217,200 107,881 144,326 5,408 150,231 116 595 98 3,462 630,084 313,238 488,864 15,416 28,984 533,747 324 943 99 2,258 408,701 124,855 186,555 6,359 193,509 134 851 100 1,890 338,380 115,025 255,533 7,890 263,423 170 855 101 1,959 350,661 168,375 251,708 __ _ _ __ 257,685 980 102 ' 1,294 232,920 103,488 160,396 1,013 1,045 163,000 26 1,165 103 4,574 828,320 332,583 447,859 14,393 464,342 474 1,586 104 3,627 645,636 337,097 477,891 1,278 480,842 67 2,201 105 2,007 363,267 174,929 292,339 840 594 296,466 21 640 106 2,109 388,064 151,137 206,016 8,991 216,975 141 786 107 33,924 6,091,938 1,455,933 1,991,459 12,355 72,161 2,080,750 367 6,965 108 3,514 632,520 168,139 209,506 1,086 210,592 u 607 109 3,178 572,040 156,416 241,309 80 11,736 253,125 H660 110 1,943 349,740 88,400 113,262 3,039 116,301 ii 424 111 2,895 506,625 152,362 204,130 , 595 5,412 210,137 ii 1,329 112 1,650 297,093 58,041 79,386 772 80,158 325 113 2,214 398,520 95,867 182,277 565 182,842 « 406 114 3,967 714,060 176,304 220,058 44,668 264,726 »617 115 2,189 394,020 107,311 132,765 3,779 136,544 ii 401 116 3,994 718,920 140,483 175,582 11,680 187,262 292 686 117 2,146 386,280 89,568 158,163 138 158,301 75 M36 118 3,113 560,340 103,808 129,224 526 129,750 6 422 119 3,121 561,780 119,234 145,797 440 151,012 6 652 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 School Instructional staff 1 Enrollment State and City buildings in Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals use Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Idaho _ 71 8 7 57 148 618 13,440 13,470 Boise _ _ __ _ 18 1 2 12 35 144 2,982 2,982 1,051 2,010 1,118 1,565 8 1 8 10 56 1,090 1,902 1,091 1,661 3,006 1,708 Idaho Falls. _ _ 10 1 8 31 72 6 1 6 12 56 10 1 2 6 25 66 15 2 2 12 23 134 3,043 1,701 Twin Falls _ 4 1 1 5 12 90 310 65 46 144 756 2,987 52,612 52,252 Belleville: 11 1 15 78 1,219 715 1,220 701 High-School District _ Blue Island: 10 2 1 1 29 27 6 1 5 50 687 793 High-School District _ Brookfield . . 2 1 18 29 637 637 1 1 1 23 444 445 Cairo . . . 12 1 7 68 1,108 1,109 Calumet City: Elementary District No. 155 _ 3 1 16 228 229 Elementary District No. 156. . . 1 1 14 300 316 High-School District No. 215. .. ‘ . j 2 1 14 20 472 600 Canton _ 9 1 3 9 16 55 1,247 1,182 Centralia: Elementary District . 7 1 2 7 4 55 860 860 High-School District _ Champaign _ _ 4 1 1 15 30 526 538 14 1 3 12 21 124 1,742 1,743 Chicago Heights: Elementary District, 7 1 4 4 68 1,112 1,018 895 High-School District _ Dixon . . 1 1 19 46 878 5 1 12 75 1,182 1,182 East Moline: Elementary District _ 5 1 5 2 2 38 712 768 High-School District _ Elmhurst: 1 1 1 15 20 485 493 Elementary District .... 6 1 5 4 62 1,073 850 920 High-School District _ 1 3 2 1 29 36 832 Elmwood Park (P.O. Chicago) Forest Park... _ _ 2 1 2 1 39 802 743 4 1 1 35 519 520 Freeport _ _ 9 1 1 2 19 102 1,704 2,381 1,740 2,265 Galesburg. _ _ 21 • 1 4 13 33 123 Granite City: Elementary District . .. 9 1 6 99 1,873 824 1,874 824 High-School District _ Harrisburg: 1 1 18 28 Elementary District _ 6 1 9 34 720 720 High-School District _ Harvey: 1 1 8 22 405 432 Elementary District . 4 1 3 1 48 832 832 High-School District _ Highland Park: 3 2 2 3 50 49 1,304 1,276 Elementary District No. 107 _ _ 4 J 6 48 355 314 Elementary District No. 108 . . 4 1 1 4 5 48 574 562 High-School District • No. 113 2 2 2 35 42 766 820 Jacksonville 8 1 6 16 72 1,177 1,562 1,084 1,144 1,493 . 1,153 Kankakee 11 1 2 4 8 98 Kewanee _ 8 1 1 8 13 62 La Grange: Elementary District 4 1 3 61 877 842 High-School District _ 1 1 37 37 866 867 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 37 public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION . Bonds Salaries of Total current Interest Capital outlay for plant and Total,3 columns 13, Out¬ standing Value Average daily Aggregate principals, supervisors, expense 2 for payments from 14, and 15 plus adult and all other OI school •| ance attended and instruc¬ tional staff full-time day current funds and part- time educa- school debts property (in thous¬ ands) 5 a schools (in thous¬ J ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 22,136 3,864,244 1,309,433 1,871,402 67,935 9,852 1,949,189 1,984 7,738 121 4,770 844,294 349,197 487,824 20,906 3,669 512,399 652 2,190 122 1,689 304,033 112,617 158,802 1,685 300 160,787 54 433 123 3,518 605,169 182,093 261,767 9,662 2,985 274,414 346 905 124 1,793 322,740 115,806 186,848 4,350 477 191,675 134 516 125 2,595 446,413 152,962 194,970 5,789 680 201,439 183 619 126 4,943 855,139 248,214 363,910 21,168 1,484 386,562 437 1,877 127 2,828 486,456 148,544 217,281 4,375 257 221,913 178 1,198 128 88,073 - 16,126,366 7,333,003 11,108,520 514,539 233,129 11,866,326 12,419 57,698 129 130 2,010 1,170 389,979 229,372 158,566 138,630 203,791 225,448 203,791 234,168 760 131 3,220 2,000 7 81 1,125 132 133 1,164 220,083 81,511 115,295 9,593 732 125,620 210 372 134 1,105 189,031 123,259 199,121 22,763 24,953 246,837 569 647 135 752 131,649 34,543 55,694 6,867 1,135 63,696 189 328 136 1,810 329,516 102,794 152,457 12,227 66 164,750 235 852 137 138 139 358 68,011 29,510 43,917 4,905 48,822 88 325 30 140 478 90,838 24,704 39,888 1,259 41,147 221 141 877 158,737 93,334 142,864 10,343 222 154,456 391 860 2,067 372,554 128,549 196,058 5,626 201,684 89 407 142 143 1,438 258,840 91,012 136,699 3,736 711 141,422 196 555 144 903 163,371 514,797 94,925 214,668 159,468 344,930 3,130 6,118 202 162,800 356,422 814 145 2,875 5,374 137 1,591 146 147 1,989 377,856 130,301 199,126 14,802 5,432 219,360 326 947 148 1,547 266,181 129,999 221,800 22,500 5,294 249,594 474 1,650 149 1,704 313,480 48,870 70,860 4,082 294 75,236 852 150 151 1,213 227,307 75,891 120,705 6,263 1,189. 128,157 135 323 152 815 150,762 80,985 116,270 7,875 1,690 125,835 155 500 153 154 1,686 307,173 122,645 185,785 18,945 2,476 207,206 556 1,254 155 1,401 252,180 161,280 232,898 24,937 34,487 292,322 532 1,062 156 1,456 257,747 74,874 109,740 33,499 4,260 147,499 431 418 157 834 153,488 71,548 112,049 9,926 84 122,059 216 847 158 2,978 565,820 232,957 327,895 3,670 5,037 336,602 70 1,904 159 3,953 751,077 285,176 426,550 8,550 8,892 443,992 370 1,650 160 161 3,069 1,558 549,325 280,505 160,439 110,524 214,104 414 214,518 1,163 1,092 162 175,958 90 176,048 163 164 1,307 769 246,930 138,420 86,953 7 65,163 111,779 93,954 379 205 112,363 97,515 694 165 2,800 761 63 540 166 167 1,388 2,341 251,066 423,747 82,397 273,145 117,200 349,995 22,034 28,195 139,234 379,572 426 485 168 1,382 711 1,364 169 170 569 104,608 63,633 114,564 5,950 1,698 122,212 7 119 807 171 172 928 164,428 118,689 162,019 6,507 1,355 169,881 270 808 173 1,309 251,908 221,596 375,976 7,444 4,937 390,163 164 2,102 174 1,934 2,648 357,907 476,567 145,520 178,215 196,279 11,541 207,820 266,048 322 1,232 263,175 2,229 644 19 1,339 175 1,938 354,725 160,786 242,725 6,402 7,845 256,972 155 1,275 176 177 1,484 274,540 129,673 182,201 10,409 671 193,281 281 934 178 1,447 263,290 225,925 319,255 8,495 25,840 353,590 237 1,515 179 38 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings , personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls j 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Illinois— Cont. 180 La Salle: 181 7 1 2 37 418 419 182 High-School District _ 1 3 2 1 16 30 591 645 183 Lincoln: 184 Elementary District . 5 1 1 5 3 33 539 484 185 2 1 15 15 295 337- 186 Mat toon _ _ 8 1 1 8 10 70 1,445 li5i7S 187 Mount Vernon: 188 7 1 6 10 67 1,228 1,229 189 High-School District 6___ 4 1 21 24 644 595 190 Ottawa: 191 7 1 2 59 1,142 1,143$ 192 High-School District _ 2 1 1 12 23 484 472 193 4 1 2 2 50 855 781 194 Pekin: 195 Elementary District . 8 1 4 1 5 77 1,433 1,432 196 2 1 21 32 606 605 197 Sterling: 198 Elementary District No. 134 _ _ 2 1 1 4 48 941 836 199 High-School District No. 300 . . . 4 I 1 12 22 289 316 200 Streator . . 10 3 3 10 19 77 1,221 1,280 201 Urbana 9 1 1 9 77 1,176 1,225 202 West Frankfort: 203 Elementary District _ 5 1 * 1 5 1 46 754 715 204 High-School District _ 1 1 19 13 434 433 205 Wilmette . . 8 1 1 3 2 71 917 823 206 Winnetka: 207 Elementary District _ 4 1 5 4 9 58 795 707 208 High-School District _ 1 1 63 77 1,303 1,356 209 Indiana _ 194 21 48 137 487 1,597 34,028 33,928 21Q Bedford. . 7 1 5 6 10 67 1(306 1,238 211 Bloomington _ 10 1 8 34 110- 1,942 1,971 212 Columbus. . . . 7 1 2 5 23 52 1,303 1,223 213 Connersville _ _ 7 1 7 15 61 1,327 1,275 214 Crawfordsville _ . 8 1 2 18 55 1,120 1,105 215 El wood... _ 11 1 1 6 18 39 1,001 945 Frankfort _ 5 1 3 5 18 23 1,392 1,361 217 Goshen _ . 8 1 2 8 20 43 1,108 1,112 218 Huntington _ 7 1 1 7 20 66 1,132 1,199 219 Jeffersonville _ 9 1 2 7 14 60 1,219 1,239 220 La Fayette _ 10 1 1 10 31 115 2,337 2,283 221 La Porte _ 7 1 7 2 17 71 1,358 222 Logansport, 11 3 3 28 85 1,590 M89 223 Marion _ _ 12 1 4 12 30 133 2,671 2,540 224 Michigan City _ 15 1 2 4 29- 96 2,005 2,040 225 Mishawaka _ 9 1 5 9 31 134 2,738 2,784 226 New Albany _ 14 1 4 12 28 98 2,184 2,316 227 Newcastle . . 8 1 1 7 23 82 1,907 2,012 228 Peru.. _ 8 1 2 26 48 1,118 1,090 229 Shelhyville _ 7 1 7 18 48 969 230 Vincennes _ _ 8 1 4 4 23 70 1,547 1,608 23) Whiting . . 6 1 1 4 13 41 754 760 232 Iowa _ _ 144 14 28 81 200 1,283 21,754 22,000 233 Ames . I _ 10 1 3 7 12 75 1,189 1,142 234 Boone _ 8 1 1 15 87 1,208 1,160 235 Burlington _ 17 1 9 31 168 2,644 2,639 236 Clinton: 237 City District . 10 1 3 7 4 113 1,700 1,722 238 Lyons District . . 6 1 2 2 5 30 587 549 239 Fort Dodge. . . 14 1 1 12 21 118 1,915 1,915 240 Fort Madison.. _ _ 1 6 1 1 10 61 945 908 241 Iowa Citv _ 10 1 4 11 74 1,193 1,184 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 39 public-school systems, by State and by city , 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and ,15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) j Line number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 180 632 116,984 82,200 125,051 3,476 1,070 129,597 7 154 378 181 1,043 197,104 124,099 219,497 8,900 3,456 231,853 296 1,766 182 183 870 160,950 53,630 75,465 458 75,923 436 184 537 96,660 85,500 122,780 3,325 126,105 266 185 2,370 436,080 102,276 198;015 2,730 5,468 206,213 121 1,975 186 187 1,982 362,706 113,160 144,692 3,440 148,132 123 480 188 1,092 196,584 78,462 132,143 3,126 135,269 650 189 190 1,609 302,485 114,305 171,359 4,428 2,091 177,878 7 197 725 191 844 152,907 82,809 126,178 4,500 2,738 133,416 120 1,050 192 1,387 260,513 99,030 137,966 21,500 666 160,132 410 1,365 193 194 2,475 438,122 134,182 186,685 5,785 4,055 196,525 113 1,093 195 1,035 186,349 110,072 165,362 7,778 1,684 174,824 180 1,276 196 197 198 1,243 225,762 91,768 136,172 1,035 828 138,035 7 21 429 199 541 97,332 73,593 110,573 5,046 2,815 118,434 324 393 2,095 382,443 179,024 278,023 14,163 9,074 304,789 332 1,228 200 2,007 375,280 142,226 279,107 12,079 2,400 293,586 7 268 1,320 201 202 1,342 246,928 69,680 89,041 89,041 318 203 788 141,792 87,097 116,466 116,466 550 204 1,439 261,715 163,871 256,744 17,251 35,187 309,182 451 1,299 205 206 1,200 214,875 207,534 310,943 18,621 736 330,300 503 1,777 207 2,270 394,980 385,296 667,766 26,586 3,580 697,932 559 3,310 208 57,747 10,336,404 4,423,682 6,180,143 91,651 95,683 6,382,749 2,725 25,932 209 2,104 370,236 149,535 198,279 667 1,014 199,960 8 547 210 3,168 551,352 259,483. 358,197 800 10,230 369,227 34 1,879 211 2,184 393,120 138,288 191,175 3,000 898 203,341 113 844 212 2,165 381,160 143,933 209,128 107 3,055 212,290 2 1,264 213 1,839 327,419 138,996 195,125 2,509 1,661 200,603 106 786 214 1,677 292,493 120,088 160,542 1,186 457 162,185 47 769 215 2,413 419,758 193,342 278,020 5,978 682 284,680 157 1,283 216 1,916 333,138 135,378 186,178 3,363 1,288 190,829 90 854 217 1,988 357,840 175,083 251,941 3,144 1,619 256,704 64 1,078 218 2,029 351,017 137,816 186,075 2,783 1,708 190,566 74 696 219 4,271 759,006 330,796 456,966 6,030 862 463,858 117 1,912 220 2,313 439,389 211,848 305,312 2,435 1,677 310,995 39 1,301 221 2,640 475,200 232,408 329,441 4,631 4,594 338,666 233 1,256 222 4,249 764,820 325,414 432,104 9,397 442,071 184 1,632 223 3,277 566,921 268,519 364,790 13,359 8,179 386,328 7 500 1,239 224 4,462 794,236 387,761 514,800 2,713 6,237 523,750 60 2,051 225 3,926 694,874 236,004 330,167 11,585 21,772 363,524 297 1,440 226 3,672 638,928 209,079 296,329 3,794 8,985 309,108 113 786 227 1,918 339,535 160,995 228,454 3,926 2,834 235,214 109 1,059 228 1,649 283,628 141,194 204,776 6,430 211,206 150 988 229 2,611 558,435 176,381 260,211 8,019 1,154 269,384 178 1,138 230 1,276 243,899 151,341 242,133 2,225 10,347 258,260 50 1,130 231 36,789 6,558,515 2,624,294 3,917,950 120,533 55,399 4,106,979 3,483 17,802 232 1,959 346,780 153,533 230,572 4,560 2,084 237,216 174 1,611 233 2,150 376,786 148,744 208,350 6,270 214,629 209 758 234 4,384 832,960 346,009 512,321 18,099 24,336 554,756 344 2,221 235 236 2,968 537,695 240,496 331,159 11,149 1,758 344,066 287 1,627 237 1,002 182,192 63,582 95,384 1,751 25 97,160 35 201 238 3,493 611,275 249,829 381,672 15,313 5,466 403,107 520 2,303 239 1,758 316,419 98,664 191,506 2,775 5,161 199,442 107 330 240 2,028 350,809 156,127 241,153 8,062 4,800 254,015 306 1,257 241 40 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 | Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Iowa — Cont. 242 Keokuk _ 8 1 7 3 16 73 1,245 1,312 243 Marshalltown _ 13 1 3 9 84 1,750 1 813 244 Mason City _ 17 1 3 13 30 139 2,512 2,560 245 Muscatine _ 10 1 6 9 15 110 1,785 1,905 246 Newton _ _ 8 1 2 6 12 78 2,061 2,132 247 Oskaloosa . . 7 1 4 9 73 1,020 1,059 248 Kansas _ 142 17 30 76 305 1,170 22,004 22,543 249 Arkansas City _ 7 2 10 9 22 64 1,439 1,469 250 Atchison. . . 6 1 2 2 14 57 1,097 1,045 251 Chanute _ 10 1 2 2 20 57 981 1,057 252 Coffeyville _ 12 l 3 11 25 91 1,910 2,061 253 Eldorado ... 7 1 1 6 23 61 1,266 1,336 254 Emporia . __ ... _ 7 1 1 2 17 76 1,218 1,277 255 Fort Scott. _ _ 7 1 5 17 55 873 932 256 5 1 5 16 60 1,246 1,248 257 Lawrence . . . . 11 1 3 1 16 102 1,663 1,757 258 Leavenworth _ 14 1 3 15 86 1,452 1,494 259 Manhattan . 7 1 1 3 24 60 1,219 1,190 260 Newton . 8 1 3 2 17 65 1,262 1,344 261 Ottawa. .. 7 1 6 12 54 1,039 980 262 Parsons _ 8 1 8 26 76 1,574 1,585 263 Pittsburg _ 8 1 1 8 18 88 1,486 1,465 264 Salina . 18 1 3 3 23 118 2,279 2,303 265 Kentucky _ 60 7 6 38 69 431 9,011 9,177 266 Ashland . 16 1 11 18 164 3,015 2,910 267 Bowling Green _ _ 9 1 4 5 12 59 1,257 1,286 268 Fort Thomas _ 4 1 4 13 34 624 586 269 Frankfort. . . 7 1 4 1 34 645 728 270 Henderson _ _ 8 1 7 12 76 1,195 1,273 271 Hopkinsville _ 8 1 5 5 4 992 1,095 272 Middlesboro . . . 8 1 2 2 8 60 1,283 1,299 273 Louisiana _ 35 3 2 24 21 278 5,212 5,637 274 Bogalusa _ _ _ . 17 1 1 11 8 106 1,751 1,800 275 Lake Charles . 10 1 7 6 87 1,933 2,004 276 Monroe . . . 8 1 1 6 7 85 1,528 1,833 277 Maine _ . 113 10 10 33 125 746 11,966 12,231 278 Auburn 6 _ _ 21 1 3 21 101 1,813 1,803 279 Augusta . . . . 13 1 4 1 14 85 1,286 1,440 280 Bangor _ _ _ _ _ 11 1 3 7 26 141 2,121 2,166 281 Bath _ _ 11 1 1 1 11 77 1,119 1,194 282 Biddeford _ 11 2 7 6 49 544 599 283 Rumford 6 11 1 1 15 48 910 851 284 South Portland _ 15 1 4 14 124 2,074 1,959 Waterville... . 8 1 8 7 69 1,193 1,288 286 Westbrook 6 . . 12 1 2 1 11 52 906 931 287 Massachusetts _ 474. 49 143 224 819 3,952 61,903 61,025 288 Adams 6 _ .. 7 1 6 10 53 877 897 289 Amesbury _ _ . 7 1 1 13 36 594 730 290 Andover6.. _ _ 9 1 8 15 54 746 767 291 Athol _ _ 10 1 3 2 12 52 962 986 292 Attleboro 6 _ _ 13 1 4 9 19 114 1,795 1,794 293 Belmont 6__ _ 8 1 5 7 46 137 2,343 2,385 294 Beverly - 12 1 4 10 34 134 1,934 1,747 295 Braintree.. . _ 11 1 1 4 18 119 1,714 1,808 296 Clinton _ 10 1 1 14 47 720 761 297 Danvers. _ 11 1 3 3 10 66 952 1,013 298 Dedham 6 _ _ _ 10 1 3 7 21 89 1,371 1,391 299 Easthampton . ...1 5 1 2 2 6 39 507 617 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 41 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expens Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) 6 a a> d 10 11 12 IS 14 15 16 17 18 2,111 384,290 173,716 255,691 4,000 261,591 75 966 242 2,880 504,157 157,458 303,363 9,775 1,093 314,231 208 1,093 243 3,868 757,387 340,495 491,183 18,635 774 510,592 7 621 6 2,637 244 2,973 535,311 209,117 267,032 12,425 2,753 282,914 381 1,530 245 3,501 521,578 152,564 217,183 4,660 2,766 234,446 121 768 246 1,714 300,876 133,960 191,372 3,059 4,383 198,814 95 500 247 42,074 6,359,877 2,573,672 4,033,699 89,906 28,386 4,163,041 2,422 22,325 248 2,350 411,250 166,810 222,234 5,115 228,507 108 1,006 249 1,825 317,590 116,600 309,199 5,665 3,621 319,129 136 924 250 1,712 308,160 138,073 240,680 6,076 1,973 249,870 176 1,539 251 3,196 552,986 212,744 321,504 9,429 330,933 297 4,820 252 2,092 376,749 142,438 203,306 2,925 1,956 208,464 110 1,085 253 1,981 346,508 143,325 211,058 10,215 2,509 223,782 208 1,139 254 1,465 259,857 114,056 169,945 5,111 175,056 152 760 255 2,072 356,427 206,929 478,587 4,409 503 484,430 216 1,350 256 2,703 470,388 187,565 266,624 913 1,346 269,275 1,320 257 2,303 414,559 157,829 280,729 11,078 1,050 294,357 234 1,000 258 1,927 333,370 152,364 204,355 2,356 2,643 211,513 65 779 259 2,195 386,320 133,122 177,121 3,400 3,441 184,820 184 1,293 260 1,589 281,323 115,519 161,543 5,519 6,273 173,335 139 458 261 8,448 480,248 164,025 217,661 1,490 845 221,986 26 2,302 262 2,505 425,850 160,077 218,562 8,760 647 227,969 212 1,439 263 3,711 638,292 262,196 350,591 7,445 1,579 359,615 159 1,111 264 15,132 2,713,847 981,916 1,306,588 15,180 27,044 1,349,337 1,014 5,840 265 5,100 897,610 317,032 401,951 4,000 5,270 411,221 605 1,817 266 1,909 343,685 111,799 143,745 3,363 1,674 148,782 65 811 267 1,028 199,669 120,588 166,789 6,926 5,733 179,973 165 830 268 1,168 219,584 86,331 132,410 1,741 134,151 692 269 1,969 344,575 140,835 188,611 171 9,591 198,373 14 445 270 1,801 324,778 109,710 151,000 600 3,035 154,635 15 622 271 2,157 383,946 95,621 122,082 120 122,202 150 623 272 8,368 1,506,259 463,719 596,677 25,375 4,458 626,510 503 2,127 273 2,221 399,780 157,987 193,027 2,376 195,403 401 274 3,198 575.611 160,426 204,536 204,536 * 246 275 2,949 530,868 145,306 199,114 25,375 2,082 226,571 503 1,480 276 21,991 3,918,219 1,350,880 1,939,909 42,180 48,418 2,047,404 1,316 7,246 277 3,497 612,531 179,122 246,721 15,492 12,000 274,213 380 817 278 2,438 426,870 148,000 221,237 4,186 226,115 110 736 279 3,738 676,872 300,950 436,629 10,582 20,000 471,119 535 1,273 280 2,079 367,368 100,896 173,098 6,375 179,473 150 892 281 1,143 205,740 72,129 113,036 124,385 642 282 1,694 304,944 87,412 126,503 4,280 12,844 144,575 101 500 283 3,715 668,700 223,714 298,155 1,944 300,099 1,086 284 2,068 368,928 142,564 192,196 192,196 817 285 1,619 286,266 96,093 132,334 1,265 1,630 135,229 40 483 286 108,664 19,234,837 9,618,021 13,590,487 166,187 129,386 13,936,139 5,168 62,796 287 1,618 286,046 96.452 140,139 2,753 142,892 1,035 288 1,171 209 458 90.687 132,157 7,975 140,132 420 289 1,365 240,476 117,809 185,743 6,675 249 192,667 234 944 290 1,727 297,044 120,151 186,939 2,648 388 190,315 100 852 291 3,177 563,131 229.067 324,650 7,216 35,751 369,745 324 1,915 292 4,268 745,289 369,763 535,037 12,210 5,281 552,528 407 2,272 293 3,205 579,576 377,672 527,454 2,130 4,931 538,208 35 1,922 294 3,048 547,808 267,884 367,571 1,260 90 368,921 14 1,662 295 1,272 222,757 122.415 165,678 23 167,029 599 296 1,732 299,849 153,128 204,925 6,840 500 212,265 157 779 297 2,547 443,428 230.651 331,300 334,573 1,640 298 964 173,520 88,915 137,286 1,220 732 139,839 57 476 299 s a 3 fl a 300 30 1 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 320 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 :;*n» 361 362 363 364 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 State and City 1 M ASSACHUSETTS— Cont . Fairhaven _ Framingham 6 _ Gardner _ Gloucester _ Greenfield _ Leominster 6 _ Lexington _ Marblehead _ Marlboro _ Melrose 6 _ _ Methuen _ Milford 6 _ Milton 6 _ Natick _ Needham 6 _ Newburyport _ North Adams _ Northampton 6 _ North Attleboro _ Northbridge _ Norwood _ Peabody _ Plymouth _ _ Reading _ Saugus _ Southbridge _ _ Stoneham _ Swampscott _ Wakefield _ Webster _ Wellesley _ Westfield 6 _ West Springfield _ Weymouth _ Winchester _ _ Winthrop _ Woburn... . « Michigan _ Adrian _ Alpena.. . . Ann Arbor _ Benton Harbor _ Birmingham _ Calumet _ Ecorse _ Escanaba _ Ferndale _ _ Grosse Pointe _ Holland..... _ Iron Mountain _ Ironwood _ Lincoln Park _ Marquette _ Menominee _ Midland . . Monroe _ Mount Clemens _ Muskegon Heights _ Niles _ _ _ Owosso _ River Rouge. _ _ Royal Oak... . . Samt Clair Shores: Lake Shore District No. 1 _ _ Lake view District No. 2. School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 6 1 3 3 7 54 762 811 15 1 6 4 30 113 1,952 1,960 9 1 1 12 65 1,025 961 18 1 6 2 21 112 1,921 1,842 13 1 1 2 19 75 1,274 1,213 11 1 1 3 34 99 1,598 1,601 6 1 4 4 7 76 1,189 1,177 5 1 1 3 9 69 995 944 6 1 4 5 12 64 901 825 11 1 2 4 28 120 2,027 2,050 13 1 9 7 14 101 1,451 1,406 12 1 6 2 9 83 1,041 1,059 7 1 4 7 21 100 1,657 1,646 13 1 2 18 75 1,245 1,152 10 1 2 2 18 78 1,254 1,219 8 1 3 3 7 68 869 969 8 1 8 7 13 102 1,543 1,458 14 1 5 5 18 103 1,433 1,398 8 1 2 2 5 41 670 721 7 1 1 1 12 40 716 695 8 1 1 7 14 95 1,072 1,095 10 1 4 11 24 108 1,548 1,494 9 •1 7 5 8 66 1,124 1,035 8 1 3 4 17 66 1,132 1,064 12 1 3 2 20 74 1,497 1,475 8 1 1 2 21 57 1,009 805 5 1 2 2 11 48 822 761 6 1 3 5 10 72 722 725 10 1 2 4 16 85 1,434 1,417 5 1 4 3 11 40 612 612 11 1 1 9 22 90 1,458 1,365 10 1 2 7 17 90 1,457 1,483 11 1 4 5 14 83 1,213 1,236 15 1 9 6 37 129 2,335 2,211 10 1 1 2 17 82 1,307 1,270 7 1 3 6 13 93 1,577 1,498 16 1 15 15 96 1,546 1,476 245 34 50 121 616 2,460 43,851 43,163 12 1 1 7 23 83 1,320 1,268 7 1 1 20 52 1,016 1,029 12 1 6 10 45 138 2,261 2,173 12 1 2 27 95 1,752 1,586 6 1 5 16 83 1,357 1,303 4 1 2 7 14 39 913 931 5 1 3 4 17 67 1,131 1,086 8 1 1 2 22 71 1,275 1,330 10 3 9 26 151 2,892 2,711 14 2 1 11 41 160 2,822 2,670 8 1 4 7 23 88 1,272 1,302 7 1 5 2 7 65 1,028 1,006 7 1 1 2 14 61 1,148 1,116 6 1 6 23 87 2,160 2,075 7 1 1 6 12 67 930 894 6 1 1 19 48 890 904 8 1 1 5 30 82 1,434 1,497 14 1 3 5 28 105 1,838 1,765 8 2 4 8 12 100 1,33£ 1,387 10 1 2 2 20 94 2,010 1,986 12 1 2 3 15 73 1,248 1,226 13 1 3 21 79 1,451 1,510 5 1 4 29 73 1,363 1,418 14 1 1 12 33 188 3,569 3,362 3 1 5 21 404 388 2 1 5 22 373 388 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 43 public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily Aggregate Salaries of principals, Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments Capital outlay for Total,3 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school . attend¬ ance days attended and instruc¬ tional staff current funds plant and equipment property (in thous¬ ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,454 258,627 114,067 164,564 1,000 360 167,204 50 1,484 3,601 1,792 634,882 314,950 303,616 168,070 404,944 222,998 2,475 2,390 90 409,809 223,995 99 1,843 669 3,339 2,291 574,308 405,507 269,687 207,551 401,977 309,992 8,443 4,247 414,667 310,218 451 819 1,332 -2,695 493,037 201,777 281,467 4,350 286,943 1,041 2,085 367,005 163,753 234,401 1,004 235,405 9 1,289 1,749 1,522 307,824 298,012 159,558 138,564 220,294 190,990 2,144 2,222 224,660 191,386 121 832 1,185 3,755 1,921 1,893 667.393 334,254 329.393 310,886 233,310 155,551 417,877 331,803 209,809 19,868 322 1,172 4,463 438,067 336,713 218,022 355 2,443 1,412 959 3,750 114 2,985 526,604 287,616 386,600 12,600 7,191 406,391 310 2,334. 2,094 363,313 195,187 285,970 3,159 290,701 122 1,054 2,244 388,850 170,812 271,974 11,205 1,464 284,643 194 1,355 1,655 290,719 129,188 181,766 4,513 186,279 178 933 2,594 445,861 195,912 289,988 279,141 125,259 1,785 760 300,572 95 1,724 2,444 1,073 429,063 189,743 192,407 88,938 17,640 1,500 298,281 125,259 364 2,095 511 1,289 231,609 90,630 136,009 7 1,880 311 139,466 28 553 1,949 2,696 1,967 344,973 465,217 211,393 303,620 321,132 408,011 4,430 6,251 10,731 334,903 422,848 182 1,879 1,565 362,384 156,334 245,987 717 248,766 85 794 2,196 2,676 1,562 386,496 465,624 171,326 181,136 258,946 251,888 '1.505 2,354 803 262,805 252,691 74 1,202 937 284,962 164,442 239,107 2,990 6,907 250,077 149 871 1,428 1,294 2,496 1,099 252,365 234,241 445,146 197,379 127,230 167,926 222,438 108,797 176,807 214,607 299,087 156,874 2,155 559 99 365 339 180,554 214,706 299,452 159,354 60 556 997 1,304 911 2,462 437,004 268,343 366,046 7,520 4,353 381,698 305 1,908 2,697 480,382 227,027 318,086 5,775 323,861 95 1,292 2,103 380,887 227,192 331,141 1,779 334,187 67 1,210 4,031 726,702 386,961 551,701 6,425 558,126 141 2,501 2,194 392,995 210,717 287,402 7 4,815 292,772 107 1,660 2,676 469,169 228,598 305,027 1,020 451 307,558 44 1,244 2,569 449,575 212,867 271,936 7 2,050 273,986 41 1,582 77,161 14,398,105 6,765,638 10,375,010 639,528 217,131 11,231,845 14,770 47,551 2,424 436,320 241,500 333,331 7,920 8,949 350,200 166 1,476 1,765 330,262 141,842 207,890 9,457 1,202 218,549 261 1,053 3,900 686,400 451,176 944,003 22,146 23,162 989,311 404 3,279 3,090 562,380 247,897 344,090 9,233 1,140 354,463 219 1,025 2,12? 1,553 1,946 478,800 292,661 369,740 216,480 95,179 219,015 323,506 156,270 16,621 4,754 194 344,881 156,464 778 1,951 763 311,816 31,473 17,248 360,537 614 1,375 2,335 417,993 170,527 242,056 13,950 14,110 270,116 296 1,172 4,875 921,375 444,719 640,327 3,728 644,055 132 2,650 4,638 862,678 594,284 1,020,354 144,740 77,656 1,242,750 3,428 6,195 2,432 437,760 212,254 308,294 11,450 319,744 227 1,117 1,856 335,870 123,804 195,599 688 142 196,429 14 1,390 1,953 371,070 141,030 235,447 6,966 4,354 246,767 182 2,122 3,876 736,440 246,119 375,204 86,755 6,164 468,123 2,060 1,932 1,459 249,374 144,098 220,984 14,783 6,917 242,684 310 809 1,702 309,764 120,374 173,343 646 2,311 176,300 10 700 2,613 478,179 248,009 363,220 2,383 7,545 373,148 25 1,384 3,338 650,910 299,972 466,379 15,326 8,583 490,288 355 2,2b0 2,175 408,900 222,845. 328,240 20,600 1,449 350,289 285 1,500 3,310 661,909 239,328 332,004 29,641 1,460 363,105 564 1,604 2,346 420,035 167,871 230,256 2,270 232,526 50 810 2,747 513,689 181,842 260,296 11,222 1,489 273,007 225 1,130 2,592 518,400 279,294 460,730 41,110 5,244 507,260 877 1,703 5,924 1,089,924 531,385 752,824 61,616 8,714 823,154 1,900 3,659 681 117,132 53,875 81,047 11,355 1,237 93,639 257 396 682 117,304 45,998 75,155 31,303 871 107,329 405 439 I 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 |364 44 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 j Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michigan— Cont. 365 South Lake District’ No. 3 _ _ _ 2 1 1 7 28 577 601 366 Sault Sainte Marie _ 10 1 6 1 26 88 1,617 1,682 367 Traverse City _ 7 1 19 76 1,229 1,280 368 Ypsilanti . . . 6 1 1 17 76 1,239 1,289 369 Minnesota _ 90 15 25 52 282 1,152 17,255 17,382 370 Albert Lea _ 5 4 3 6 17 77 1,527 1,529 371 Austin _ _ 7 1 1 1 29 121 2,100 2,134 372 8 1 2 15 74 1,356 1,172 373 Faribault . . 6 1 3 2 17 48 814 826 374 Fergus Falls _ _ 6 1 2 14 59 866 1,036 375 Hibbing _ 14 1 2 6 42 165 1,955 2,032 ■>76 Mankato. _ _ 4 1 1 3 14 82 1,138 1,050 377 Rochester _ 8 1 4 7 30 136 2,027 2,129 378 St. Cloud _ _ 8 1 1 9 28 81 1,425 1,384 379 South St. Paul.. . . 8 1 3 3 19 84 1,416 1,400 380 Virginia _ _ 8 1 4 4 43 110 1,109 1,126 381 Winona . . . . . 8 1 3 7 14 115 1,522 1,564 382 Mississippi . . 125 21 9 72 89 826 17,169 18,965 383 Biloxi _ _ 10 1 1 8 3 83 1,588 1,664 384 Clarksdale _ ib 1 6 3 64 1,267 1,339 385 Columbus . . . . 8 1 25 5 1,960 2,169 386 Greenville _ _ _ 10 1 2 8 11 97 2,381 2,409 387 Greenwood . . . 8 1 8 19 73 1,604 1,944 388 Gulfport. _ _ 9 1 1 6 5 75 1,471 1,543 389 Hattiesburg . . . . 11 1 1 10 7 104 1,967 2,156 390 Laurel _ 23 12 1 12 124 2,119 2,564 391 Natchez _ 30 1 1 9 5 60 1,160 1,399 392 Vicksburg . . 6 1 2 5 11 141 1,652 1,778 393 Missouri _ 143 17 13 74 267 1,424 23,934 23,676 394 Cape Girardeau _ _ 7 1 6 19 89 1,545 1,440 395 Carthage _ 8 1 12 66 919 975 396 Clayton _ _ 11 1 1 7 14 90 1,249 1,251 397 Columbia _ 9 1 9 22 89 1,450 1,401 398 Hannibal _ 10 1 2 8 18 94 1,626 1,633 399 Independence _ _ 12 2 12 17 113 2,089 2,118 400 Jefferson City _ 9 1 2 ' 16 81 1,475 1,531 401 Kirksville . . 6 1 1 2 13 54 818 879 402 Kirkwood. _ 11 1 24 95 1,904 1,786 403 Maplewood _ 8 1 6 7 21 97 1,557 1,590 404 Moberly _ _ 9 1 1 3 11 72 882 981 405 Overland. . . 11 1 2 7 2« .124 2,471 2,300 406 Poplar Bluff _ 12 1 3 10 68 1,376 1,473 407 St. Charles .. .. 5 1 13 53 904 838 408 Sedalia.. . 8 1 8 14 110 1,603 1,531 409 Webster Grove _ _ 7 1 41 129 2,066 1,949 410 Montana _ 52 8 12 35 104 516 9,116 9,177 411 Anaconda . . . . 7 3 3 7 9 57 870 839 412 Billings. . . . 10 1 3 8 22 142 2,512 2,722 413 Great Falls . . . . 13 1 5 12 28 162 2,909 2,819 414 Helena . 10 1 1 4 21 62 1,113 1,106 415 Missoula: 416 Elementary District . 10 1 4 5 72 1,193 1,126 417 High-School District _ 2 1 19 21 519 565 418 Nebraska _ 66 8 14 15 111 587 10,598 10,911 419 Beatrice. _ _ 10 1 2 2 12 72 933 1,020 420 Fremont. _ _ 9 2 2 1 13 76 1,320 1,394 421 Grand Island . 10 1 1 3 27 107 2,135 2,230 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 45 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily • attend¬ ance Aggregate attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out- Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) | Line number and all other school _ debts (in thous¬ ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,050 180,600 71,670 112,350 8,502 782 121,634 214 481 365 3,101 582,988 216,457 320,004 6,102 4,173 330,279 126 1,076 366 2,339 421,020 181,460 264,135 12,000 3,512 279,647 216 1,101 367 2,331 438,228 215,334 295,856 9,270 41 305,167 170 999 368 61,821 5,120,916 2,750,861 4,561,801 85,533 42,687 4,712,057 3,003 21,957 369 2,571 449,188 158,806 246,061 10,509 1,012 257,582 351 1,705 370 3,658 636,441 250,938 369,347 13,634 7,416 390,397 2,414 371 2,069 356,040 144,085 227,909 9,075 1,856 238,840 300 658 372 1,398 240,399 120,510 174,163 1,630 1,648 187,847 82 896 373 1,622 291,960 95,595 152,350 3,139 155,488 335 797 374 3,326 592,028 468,751 924,666 24,285 1,320 950,271 100 3,548 375 1,868 321,096 176,503 258,067 11,877 5,693 276,371 1,190 1,205 376 36,012 619,544 328,296 503,061 6,480 14,272 526,850 350 2,362 377 2,344 410,070 208,022 324,710 2,217 3,711 332,557 255 1,458 378 2,407 412,828 198,523 280,114 90" 607 282,392 10 1,307 379 1,948 348,727 361,003 748,735 2,192 754,810 __ ■ 3,354 380 2,598 442,595 239,829 352,618 1,787 2,960 358,652 30 2,253 381 27,696 4,744,579 1,204,560 1,694,954 33,385 1,325 1,729,664 928 6,934 382 2,529 445,104 124,128 160,738 678 161,416 740 383 2,015 362,700 93,085 124,498 184 124,682 125 535 384 2,763 497,340 108,529 145,444 7,885 153,329 207 660 385 3,414 594,037 144,893 198,393 2,109 200,502 2 831 386 2,646 476,280 116.307 160,680 2,520 _ 163,200 63 425 387 2,476 445,680 113,130 134,693 7,636 _ 142,329 161 675 388 3,221 560,454 151,041 203,690 203,690 245 735 389 3,819 672,144 162,141 220,328 220,328 900 390 2,060 370,800 83,782 204,247 13,235 217,482 125 530 391 2,753 320,040 107,524 142,243 463 142,706 903 392 39,417 7,177,299 2,712,956 4,060,391 226,619 126,040 4,438,017 4,603 31,564 393 2,360 417,720 161,011 217,265 5,819 3,014 226,098 142 838 394 1,729 311,254 92,544 134,920 4,020 100 139,040 95 892 395 2,039 383,511 254,297 388,497 26,379 3,653 418,529 741 1,650 396 2,440 434,766 143,830 221,236 15,051 1,546 237,833 317 14,360 397 2,709 470,996 132,044 198,032 15,950 5,616 219,598 320 1,429 398 3,365 605,700 215,373 304,586 18,142 322,728 467 1,001 399 2,449 433,473 159,511 232,471 12,923 13,716 259,110 405 1,451 400 1,420 255,629 71,664 123,360 7,480 103 130,943 173 603 401 2,953 561,070 238,651 356,465 9,273 16,576 382,314 252 1,334 402 2,759 504,988 256,166 390,114 51U80 8,326 449,620 348 1,198 403 1,554 279,932 96,747 157,723 12,019 2,281 172,023 249 1,097 404 3,812 713,026 199,641 293,565 13,155 40,764 347,484 291 1,193 405 2,064 365,426 82,605 130,248 7,531 1,896 162,411 169 530 406 1,392 274,305 96,201 153,511 5,470 2,124 163,336 178 684 407 2,844 509,203 175,472 251,636 2,266 1,087 254,989 47 975 408 3,528 656,300 337,199 506,762 19,961 25,238 551,961 7 409 2,329 409 15,584 2,806,960 1,261,698 1,894,771 42,311 91,206 2,028,288 1,860 8,442 410 1,521 267,696 109,273 212,220 2,080 58,699 272,990 52 434 411 4,429 779,504 340,546 464,131 20,899 4,192 489,222 661 1,905 412 4,918 911,489' 412,346 597A26 6,206 24,118 627,750 5 2,966 413 1,838 327,236 171,011 267,780 10,888 278,668 1,023 1,834 414 415 1,976 359,624 138,268 209,353 2,238 387 211,978 119 1,135 416 902 161,411 90,254 143,861 3,810 147,671 168 417 17,650 3,125,663 1,060,032 1,504,403 51,929 9,802 1,559,414 1,229 6,226 418 1,562 274,912 117,276 179,989 11,800 4,188 195,977 219 708 419 2,316 412,278 127,207 181,516 2,213 866 184,595 60 608 420 3,549 638,626 225,710 320,627 1,522 322,149 3 1,172 421 M a B a g '►3 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls i It 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 Nebraska — Cont. Hastings. _ 7 1 2 3 20 92 1,966 2,012 Norfolk _ 11 1 4 3 17 72 1,046 1.064 North Platte _ 10 1 3 2 13 82 1,58.0 1,565 Scottsbluff... . 9 1 1 9 86 1J518 1,626 Nevada _ 10 1 1 8 27 101 2,241 2,191 Reno _ _ 10 1 1 8 27 101 2,241 2,191 New Hampshire _ 67 8 16 29 118 524 8,317 8,206 Berlin . . J _ 4 1 1 12 45 644 618 Claremont.. _ 6 1 1 1 51 836 798 Concord _ _ _ 13 1 3 2 19 112 1,553 1,529 Dover _ 9 1 6 8 8 49 953 976 Keene. . . 13 1 2 1 19 64 1,095 1,114 7 1 7 16 53 844 842 Portsmouth 6 _ _ 9 1 5 8 21 98 1,527 1,480 Rochester . 6 1 1 12 52 865 849 New Jersey _ . 339 53 73 228 936 4,334 68,680 68,392 Asbury Park _ _ _ 4 1 6 19 106 1,573 1,658 Belleville _ _ _ _ 10 1 2 8 26 161 2,583 2,513 Bergenfield 6 _ 5 1 15 53 989 976 Bridgeton.. . 7 1 2 6 19 112 1,664 1,848 Burlington _ _ _ 7 1 5 9 75 1,017 1,062 Carteret... _ ... 5 1 4 11 82 864 839 Cliffside Park 6 _ _ 5 1 5 22 90 1,376 1,354 Collingswood _ _ _ 9 1 2 22 77 1,253 1,250 Cranford.. _ . 5 6 1 4 13 87 1,417 1,365 Dover _ _ 5 2 2 5 16 68 1,105 1,194 Englewood _ 8 1 4 6 •26 106 1,690 1,661 Garfield . . 9 1 10 19 145 2,044 2,121 Gloucester City _ 6 1 2 1 10 67 881 919 Hackensack 13__ _ 9 1 3 7 35 177 2,394 2,357 Harrison _ _ 3 1 2 15 56 897 889 Hawthorne 6 _ _ 7 1 4 4 21 68 1,180 1,162 Hillside _ 8 1 6 21 115 1,700 1,651 Linden 6__ . .. 10 2 9 43 159 2,519 2,324 Lodi _ _ . 6 1 3 8 22 94 1,698 1,714 Long Branch _ .. 10 1 1 7 21 102 1,635 1,652 Lyndhurst 6 . . 8 1 4 6 16 114 1,796 1,719 Millburn _ 7 1 1 4 12 78 1,100 1,097 Millville 6 . . 8 2 3 4 12 77 1,325 1,242 Morristown 6 _ _ . 8 1 1 5 38 74 1,485 1,542 Neptune (P.O. Ocean Grove)6 6 1 1 6 25 65 1,192 1,162 North Plainfield (P.O. Plain- field)6 _ _ 6 1 2 20 65 1,180 1,131 Nutley _ 6 1 6 31 133 2,086 1,972 Pennsauken (P.O. Merchant- ville) _ 12 1 1 1 5 86 1,356 1,273 Phillipsburg . . . . 10 1 2 1 27 85 1571 1,526 Pleasantville. _ 7 1 9 4 15 76 1,162 1,203 Rahway _ _ 7 1 1 3 24 86 1,414 1,348 Red Bank 6 _ _ _ 6 1 4 3 25 61 1,216 1,192 Ridgefield Park _ 5 1 3 7 56 932 872 Ridgewood 7 1 8 29 104 1,474 1,603 Roselle.. 5 1 3 23 70 1,198 1,250 Rutherford _ 6 1 1 6 16 74 1,106 1,076 South River _ 4 1 1 4 19 51 925 931 Summit _ 10 1 7 22 97 1,379 1,275 Teaneck _ _ 8 1 4 6 40 142 2,361 2,436 Union. _ _ 8 1 4 8 18 148 2,472 2,554 Vineland 6. .... 17 1 5 18 117 2,051 1,910 Weehawken (P.O.Union City) . . . 5 1 3 4 12 68 954 979 Westfield... . 9 1 4 5 29 114 1,825 1,848 West Orange. . . 11 1 4 11 31 146 2,190 2,159 Woodbridge . . . . 15 1 1 8 17 147 2,451 2,583 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 47 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943-44 — Continued rO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate attend d Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Line number 10 11 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 3,098 557,678 196,718 256,800 8,555 52a 265,878 208 1,300 422 1,659 268,597 112,465 163,303 4,890 1,114 169,307 163 752 423 2,923 526,096 140,189 206,543 17,751 1,589 225,883 408 925 424 2,543 447,476 140,467 195,625 6,720 195,625 168 761 425 3,177 574,988 261,275 371,833 4,305 8,486 387,124 98 1,399 426 3,177 574,988 261,275 371,833 4,305 8,486 387,124 98 1,399 427 14,405 2,525,766 1,093,140 1,759,412 45,271 12,746 1,818,243 1,107 8,217 428 1,082 190,432 102,259 163,590 4,043 1,177 169,424 80 905 429 1,455 254,481 100,374 159,506 5,318 301 165,125 118 825 430 2,706 468,138 234,032 407,398 15,485 2,180 425,063- 391 2,276 431 1,730 304.480 96,350 155,991 3,480 159,471 72 150 432 1,926 335,124 149,252 245,175 5,945 779 252,099 218 1,070 433 1,467 258,175 118,188 190,549 1,641 790 192,980 51 880 434 2,505 444,952 188,421 263,862 9,359 7,029 280,250 177 963 435 1,534 269,984 104,264 173,341 490 173,831 1,148 436 115,383 20,932,842 11,841,638 17,426,219 - 1,430,838 99,847 18,975,562 30,276 76,257 437 2,640 475,200 254,549 345,167 321 345,488 2,095 438 4,371 804.106 421,647 576,807 45,106 6,752 628,665 918 3,029 439 1,696 292,592 129,426 227,607 59,593 2,700 289,900 669 1,282 440 2,944 518,144 228,869 328,795 18,968 4,500 352,263 454 1,183 441 1,721 309,780 161,016 227,330 2,730 661 230,721 80 774 442 1,442 259,961 210,131 336,543 21,145 1,779 359,467 463 1,227 443 2,384 419,606 242,758 358,450 44,290 402,740 939 1,641 444 2.160 393,267 193,575 273,409 18,698 293,441 388 1,566 445 2,325 425.475 224,953 339,758 36,453 7,393 383,604 839 2,238 446 1,803 338,915 174,837 241,890 12,780 33 259,317 303 934 447 2,788 501,613 372,820 555,100 72,183 . . . 627,283 1,391 2,681 448 3,621 655,428 351,975 471,468 26,528 497,996 505 1,728 449 1,470 264,600 132,527 188,636 7 582 1,523 190,741 10 754 450 3,971 714,780 458,015 640,382 30,861 2,803 685,842 579 3,051 451 1.472 265,140 219,143 341,107 3,987 345,094 106 664 452 2,063 379,761 175,105 253,146 33,448 1,354 287,948 772 1,416 453 2,828 505,760 310,328 464,325 36,584 2,354 503,263 755 343 454 4,177 779,712 430,593 627,963 84,355 7,194 719,512 1,760 3,365 455 2,877 514,983 254,803 454,401 23,920 478,321 515 1,182 456 2,706 489,788 284,818 399,879 28,863 1,109 430,025 578 1,648 457 3,000 534,061 278,883 382,823 36,409 419,232 426 1,021 458 1,868 341,787 244,842 350,961 38,015 11,037 400,013 849 2,151 459 2,177 400,531 141,849 223,126 17,400 2,196 242,722 333 790 460 2,527 462,499 264,637 384,190 34,154 418,344 770 1,930 461 1,981 357,980 174,118 304,51'* 21,991 1,883 328,390 442 925 462 1,985 364,384 170,915 239,892 17,035 1,992 258,919 392 1,107 400 3,350 633,130 383,597 517,397 59,002 576,399 1,232 2,669 464 465 2,181 394,619 159,757 337,954 33,950 371,904 677 1,782 2,609 495,625 233,366 312,643 27,850 97 340,590 665 1,299 466 1,892 348,128 174,914 258,276 258,276 804 1,132 467 2,306 427,783 290,990 396,474 28,755 362 425,591 752 1,725 468 1,951 366,790 185,263 274,483 15,349 30 289,862 320 1,246 469 1,541 282,029 178,420 212,849 16,370 229,219 323 1,145 470 2,584 466,704 336,657 493,494 27,919 3,127 524,540 587 1,005 471 2,031 369,642 228,380 320,326 27,586 _ _ 347,912 576 1,296 472 1,826 324,075 218,143 • 339,263 33,555 958 373,776 213 1,699 473 1,624 292,323 123,055 189,261 15,000 204,261 249 1,039 474 2,243 399,021 318,982 450,697 40,794 2,108 493,599 1,048 2,908 475 4,019 712,542 437,623 746,550 52,486 263 799,299 1,288 2,836 476 4,279 770,213 322,277 528,854 63,372 1,200 593,426 1,462 2,335 477 3,327 612,089 238,000 335,838 10,600 33,379 380,557 198 1,113 478 47Q 1,609 295,042 231,430 350,757 46,285 397,042 1,082 2,452 3,090 . 546,845 399,553 572,494 50,482 622,976 1,040 2,133 480 3,711 668,003 495,014 681,692 80,185 761,877 1,826 3,538 481 4,213 758,386 379,085 569,246 35,220 739 605,205 698 2,180 482 48 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girla 1 2 3 ' 4 5 6 7 8 9 ! 483 New Mexico... «. _ 56 4 3 22 42 298 6,315 6,330 484 10 1 5 12 74 1,447 1,417 485 Hobbs _ 16 1 5 7 49 1,118 l’()87 486 Roswell_ _ _ 16 1 •1 7 8 93 2,015 2,052 487 Santa Fe.. _ . . 14 1 2 5 15 82 1,735 1,804 488 New York _ 347 59 164 254 949 4,743 75,048 74,561 489 Batavia 6 _ _ _ 9 1 3 7 33 95 1,597 1,507 490 Beacon 6 _ 3 1 3 3 13 54 887 902 491 Cohoes 6 _ _ _ 11 1 8 10 7 68 1,116 1,130 492 Corning: 493 4 1 4 14 41 594 693 494 District No. 13 6 _ 3 1 1 2 15 38 833 877 495 Cortland. . . 6 1 4 3 9 82 1,213 1,221 496 Dunkirk _ 8 1 2 6 21 89 1,281 1,188 497 Endicott . . _. 8 1 23 7 24 159 2,857 2,781 498 Floral Park: 499 2 1 1 4 63 814 806 500 High-School District _ 1 1 1 2 56 58 1,482 1,521 501 Freeport . . . 6 1 1 7 18 128 1,793 1,821 502 Fulton 6 _ 8 1 2 3 16 68 1,449 1,401 503 Garden City _ 4 1 3 3 25 85 1,058 1,078 504 Geneva _ _ 7 1 2 6 17 79 1,111 1,086 505 Glen Cove _ 6 1 12 3 3 57 1,0-17 1,019 506 Glens Falls _ 8 1 1 6 15 98 1,325 1,265 507 Gloversville. _. _ 11 1 3 10 11 106 1,868 1,848 508 Hempstead _ 7 1 7 30 137 2,330 2,359 509 Hornell _ . 6 1 7 12 104 1,398 1,399 510 Hudson ... 7 1 5 12 66 981 939 511 Irondequoit (P.O. Rochester)6 3 1 3 10 45 595 712 512 Ithaca _ __ _ 15 2 4 3 26 126 1,859 1,837 513 Johnson City. _ 6 1 3 5 10 148 1,686 1,762 514 Johnstown _ _ 7 1 5 2 11 64 905 888 515 Kenmore _ _ 12 1 3 7 57 194 3,567 3,382 516 Kingston _ _ _ 11 1 11 8 35 140 2,489 2,488 517 Lackawanna6 _ _ 8 1 7 11 39 142 2,083 2,110 518 Little Falls _ 4 1 1 2 10 45 725 697 519 Lockport . _ _ 8 1 5 6 35 116 2,141 2,059 520 Lynbrook _ 5 1 3 4 6 74 1,030 982 521 Mamaroneck _ 6 2 3* 6 29 129 1,962 1,881 522 Massena _ , _ 5 1 4 3 9 79 1,335 1,453 523 Middletown. _ 6 1 4 4 14 96 1,631 1,753 524 Mineola 6 5 1 4 10 100 1,478 1,505 525 North Tonawanda _ 9 1 2 7 23 101 2,047 1,852 526 Ogdensburg6 _ . 8 1 1 1 21 64 1,245 1,223 527 Olean _ _ 11 1 5 8 7 141 2,057 2,185 528 Oneida _ _ 6 1 3 5 9 58 846 85S 529 Oneonta 6 _ _ 7 1 8 7 11 61 993 977 530 Ossining 6 _ 5 1 5 4 10 79 1,474 1,326 531 Oswego. _ 8 1 3 3 16 117 1,815 1,770 532 Peekskill _ _ 6 1 2 2 20 78 1,237 1,282 533 Pelham. _ 5 1 5 20 85 983 1,034 534 Plattsburg. _ 8 1 2 11 45 813 839 535 Port Chester _ 9 1 3 7 27 133 2,089 2,073 536 Rensselaer _ 4 1 4 5 1 81 802 785 ; 537 Rockville Centre 6 2 3 10 101 1,567 1,456,1; 538 Saratoga Springs _ 6 1 6 16 70 1,070 1,040 539 Scarsdale. . . . . 4 2 4 27 91 1,244 1,263 540 Tonawanda _ 6 1 1 6 13 85 1,237 1,281 ' 1 541 Valley Stream: 542 Elementary District No. 13 6 . . . 1 1 2 25 387 360 5 543 Elementary District No. 24 6 _ . 2 1 2 28 336 310 ' 544 Elementary District No. 30 _ 1 1 1 21 318 268 ! 545 High-School District No. 1 6 _ 3 1 2 41 44 965 953 ' 546 Watervliet . 6 1 5 6 6 62 1,033 1,083 r (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 49 public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943-44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Bonds Average daily attend- Salaries of Total current Interest Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,3 columns 13, out¬ standing Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Aggregate days attended principals, supervisors, and instruc- expense 2 for full-time payments from current 14, and 15 plus adult and part- and all other school 1 ance tional staff day schools funds time educa¬ tion expense debts (in thous¬ a I ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10,013 1,736,316 592,694 807,049 21,367 13,565 841,981 665 2,683 4834 2,234 1 7fi0 384,248 316,800 548,336 486,932 153,717 200,818 162,947 215,577 227,707 7,884 208 702 193 596 484 107,810 163,452 167,715 402 163,349 7 63 301 485 3^188 2,831 5,581 221,158 175 704 486 7,500 13,565 248,772 234 1,082 487 124,569 23,867,949 13,334,920 20,343,968 1,368,280 263,243 22,055,470 31,706 96,191 488 2,768 500,595 267,482 424,948 12,759 13,531 451,973 247 1,511 489 1,496 1,911 1,147 272,772 336,905 207,397 142,446 175,044 121,603 211,963 281,575 174,437 11,342 223,774 127 867 490 * 289,017 768 491 12,869 4,945 192,251 ■295 830 492 493 1,470 265,737 97,909 146,976 14,219 2,441 163,636 305 616 494 2,040 371,264 204,030 284,496 6,413 12,090 303,880 294 1,810 495 2,071 396,246 248,066 379,660 9,248 12,344 401,770 189 1,253 496 4,807 906,813 436,856 608,519 28,347 3,110 642,804 634 2,629 497 498 1,266 249,908 153,247 235,422 18,685 1,215 255,322 398 962 499 2,349 423,614 285,733 438,589 46,305 12,322 503,293 1,170 1,768 500 3,026 2,374 574,940 450,425 356,422 165,885 555,263 37,063 5,422 617,153 860 501 231,451 8,283 2,356 242,449 167 857 502 1,649 314,436 315,204 470,520 34,133 3,486 508,139 850 3,562 503 1,699 322,932 200,744 304,698 19,465 3,493 327.656 433 1,373 504 1,730 2,299 318,320 413,820 187,639 270,299 282,474 382,939 44,293 326 767 931 2,593 1,550 505 32,310 5,952 422.998 743 506 3,101 592,185 301,385 444,438 7,867 3,752 458,209 201 2,697 507 3,795 701,100 489,478 713,617 48,315 2,446 76*, 378 963 3,654 508 2,485 478,225 232,024 342,322 3,820 2,292 3*8 434 67 1,107 509 1,697 341,430 151,359 237,847 9,653 5,077 252,943 240 968 510 1,133 205,305 103,810 155,595 21,416 11,827 188,838 409 691 511 3,077 575,399 340,245 530,857 8,814 6,448 549 568 222 2,298 512 3,072 568,320 320,189 449,527 20,451 2,042 472,020 565 1,719 513 1,543 281,112 132,259 218,644 13,140 1,095 232.879 296 899 514 5,561 1,058,607 591,887 976,534 82,104 9,673 1,0"2,209 1,976 5,358 515 4,098 759,504 388,146 560,998 2,385 29,641 597.702 120 2,261 516 3,605 665,721 444,181 707,525 25,816 489 741,919 531 2,489 517 1,225 221,725 115,487 191,221 14,204 697 206.122 7 284 869 518 3,459 676,210 383,742 602,817 21,983 4,591 629,391 549 2,704 519 1,697 306,924 236,894 353,451 25,277 2,071 380,799 647 1,514 520 3,043 571,591 476,093 751,319 109,030 8,533 871,375 2,517 5,648 521 2,300 2,808 439,300 533,520 149,059 248,111 236,268 382,879 13,290 32,636 249,558 267 1,181 2,262 522 5,443 422,122 1,006 523 2,592 463,943 200,501 336,237 51,353 4,353 391,943 1,296 2,277 524 3,299 594,575 293,564 448,029 19,532 3,430 471,788 421 2,082 525 2,080 381,545 169,208 265,318 11,299 8,692 285,309 223 1,494 526 3,477 666,161 337,117 510,162 *30,803 4,565 545,530 832 3,064 527 1,430 265,980 148,610 217,830 9,456 2,867 230.439 219 . 777 528 1,539 295,191 178,747 260,085 3,715 22,600 286,779 75 686 529 2,339 438,819 221,124 357,614 36,097 2,297 402,126 915 1,502 530 3,030 2,104 1,570 560,550 264,222 389,331 13,215 3,584 411,261 275 1,643 531 380,674 300,571 236,205 319,511 368,120 483,304 26,684 84,990 394,804 575,913 573 1,702 3,060 532 7,319 1,822 533 1,166 235,405 118,566 178,454 2,880 1,067 182,401 54 589 534 3,442 643,710 419,853 614,513 48,749 2,890 666,152 1,064 3,476 535 1,349 252,233 134,688 196,626 8,306 369 205,301 7 231 759 536 2,370 469,200 299,010 456,513 35,471 1,538 493,522 826 2,490 537 2,093 2,004 387,205 387,136 179,297 396,051 263,946 618,519 2,673 4,328 266 673 817 538 110,719 733.566 2,710 3,577 539 2,027 395,622 214,999 314,324 20,529 1,921 336,888 443 1,516 540 541 542 607 112,918 42,321 79,494 9,000 853 89,347 187 499 543 539 99,085 46,827 88,360 7,345 829 96,534 154 609 544 467 86,395 41,168 106,284 6,318 1,558 114,160 123 233 545 1,579 335,350 183,632 286,346 27,090 5,319 318,755 630 1,354 1,665 813,349 156,741 1 234,770 1 . 8,794 1,367 244,931 130 917 546 50 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3.— Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data GROUP III CITIES, 10,00 " J Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment 9 1 Men Women Boys Girls j 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • 547 North Carolina _ 151 18 1 120 146 1,676 32,327 34, 5< 548 12 1 9 8 98 2,476 2,51 549 7 1 5 8 81 1,505 1,65 550 6 1 5 10 72 1,392 l’.5< 551 Fayetteville _ 10 1 9 7 98 2,009 2,01 552 10 1 9 14 145 2,801 3,0( 553 8 1 8 11 115 2,089 2,3( 554 5 1 6 1 73 1,461 1,6( 555 10 1 10 7 112 2,088 2,2t 556 6 1 5 6 86 1,636 1,7} 557 7 1 6 7 78 1,433 1.41 558 7 1 2 6 74 1,438 1>4| 559 9 1 7 9 74 1,572 1.8C 560 Rocky Mount. _ _ 13 1 10 10 135 2,417 2,6C 561 Salisbury. _ 8 1 8 8 98 1,719 1,71 562 Shelby _ 11 1 1 3 9 82 1,605 1,68 563 • 5 1 6 8 70 1,287 1,34 564 8 1 5 6 73 1,306 1,9: 565 Wilson... . . . 9 1 7 11 112 2,093 2,35 566 North Dakota _ 22 3 14 61 204 3,959 4,31 567 Bismarck.. .. 8 1 1 24 59 1,122 l*: 568 Grand Forks _ 7 1 5 30 69 1,574 1,62 569 Minot . . 7 1 8 7 76 1,263 l,4j 570 Ohio. _ 317 36 42 106 764 2,865 52,708 52,51 571 Alliance _ _ 16 1 3 2 28 140 2,284 2,42 572 Ashland _ _ _ 7 1 3 1 19 71 1,259 1,22 573 Ashtabula. . . _ 12 1 4- 17 105 1,521 1,52 574 Barberton. . . 10 1 4 11 34 107 2,193 2,l| 575 Bellaire... . . 9 1 2 16 67 1,298 1,29 576 Cambridge _ 11 1 3 3 18 79 1,225 1,26 577 Campbell _ . 5 1 4 32 56 1,155 1 24 578 ChiUicothe _ 8 1 1 7 16 102 1,823 1,88 579 Coshocton _ 9 2 1 •8 58 940 97 580 Cuyahoga Falls _ 6 1 5 19 93 1,631 1,72 581 East Liverpool _ 19 1 1 1 20 133 2,510 • 2,51 582 Elyria _ 15 1 1 7 34 112 2,164 2,23 583 Euclid _ . 5 1 4 5 35 103 2,081 1,88 584 Findlay _ _ _ 14 1 5 3 40 82 1,804 1,63 585 Fostoria _ _ _ 7 1 1 20 56 1,138 1,10 586 Fremont ... _ .. 8 1 1 1 29 69 1,475 1,38 587 Garfield Heights (P.O. Cleveland). .. _ _ 4 1 • 3 5 18 63 1,047 1,04 588 Ironton _ . _ _ 8 .1 1 1 14 74 1,449 1,48 589 Lancaster _ _ 8 1 2 5 24 84 2,134 1,99 590 Marietta. . ... _ 11 1 1 21 58 1,330 1,31 591 Martins Ferry _ 7 1 2 2 18 68 1,253 1,25. 592 Massillon... 14 1 4 41 131 2,583 2,42 593 Mount Vernon _ 8 1 1 13 72 1,050 1,11 594 New Philadelphia. 9 1 2 22 59 1,138 1,07 595 Niles. .. 10 1 3 18 82 1,536 1,43 596 Painesville _ _ 8 1 2 13 66 1,026 1,09 597 Parma _ _ _ 7 1 1 3 14 80 1,481 1,48 598 Piqua. _ _ 10 1 5 3 20 64 1,325 1,25 599 Salem.. 6 1 2 13 69 1,177 1,17 600 Sandusky.. 9 1 2 28 105 1,737 1,78' 601 Shaker Heights (P.O. Cleve¬ land) 11 1 6 35 139 1,850 2,04: 602 Struthers.. _ _ _ 8 1 1 22 59 1,082 1,08, 603 Tiffin _ _ 6 1 2 14 55 898 94' 604 Wooster _ 5 1 1 17 55 1,033 1,03: 605 Xenia . 7 1 4 14 49 1,078 i,08: (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 51 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—4:4 — Continued 'TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,2 columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa- Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school | Line number property (in thous¬ ands) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 57,313 10,391,643 2,809,248 3,598,403 212,198 192,056 4,007,753 4,923 13,506 547 4,401 792,180 218,318 269,500 12,105 34,013 315,618 269 1,062 548 2,803 504,727 137,613 162,055 1,180 163,235 16 259 549 2,537 456,660 125,279 179,633 11,203 3,433 194,269 351 650 550 3,444 620,280 164,468 218,124 27,057 245,181 490 799 551 4,947 890,460 234,890 286,981 19,935 12,631 319,547 443 1,093 552 3,728 671,040 180,830 223,902 18,295 4,793 246,990 7 333 784 553 2,595 467,100 126,150 161,392 10,780 4,719 176,891 209 489 554 3,919 705,720 178,870 224,484 7,800 4,923 237,207 943 555 2,885 563,312 120,049 173,517 12,523 40,350 231,486 223 760 556 2,646 332,618 125,444 175,608 6,906 12,546 195,060 238 674 557 2,477 605,904 111,601 147,786 7,455 50 155,291 125 311 558 2,551 448,732 128,247 162,002 17,205 13,217 192,424 307 631 559 4,357 784,212 224,852 278,765 13,855 351 292,971 272 1,084 560 3,034 545,214 164,643 203,392 28,455 6,481 238,328 653 1,301 561 2,772 524,089 139,668 172,213 13,660 3,685 189,558 312 535 562 2,314 416,728 118,667 155,053 10,566 3,946 169,565 235 656 563 2,287 411,660 119,577 159,830 7,455 5,950 173,235 7 136 688 564 3,616 651,007 190,082 244,166 14,000 12,731 270,897 311 787 565 6,971 1,255,052 472,774 678,484 27,379 8,166 714,029 502 3,795 566 1,914 344,520 151,425 220,072 6,560 4,572 231,204 99 879 567 2,702 486,713 189,029 260,568 12,420 569 273,557 247 1,651 568 2,355 423,819 132,320 197,844 8,399 3,025 209,268 156 1,265 569 95,727 17,110,641 7,075,680 10,830,033 519,636 88,746 11,507,185 11,103 52,478 570 4,089 719,694 303,282 430,875 3,782 1,739 443,066 84 1,904 571 2,300 416,275 158,616 240,718 9,126 3,287 253,131 223 1,982 572 2,587 465,660 233,042 362,343 16,450 2,865 381,658 282 1,633 573 4,186 755,806 254,148 393,401 9,233 249 403,763 254 2,180 574 2,447 440,458 144,521 218,367 5,898 224,860 102 1,462 575 2,226 389,539 169,877 233,608 361 945 234,914 1 1,555 576 2,195 395,100 191,079 287,803 13,943 2,743 304,489 158 1,247 577 3,429 624,362 204,315 326,470 11,587 8,510 346,567 236 1,326 578 1,731 302,925 107,433 191,183 1,250 15,000 207,433 25 900 579 3,108 537,440 186,959 286,054 27,162 313,216 617 1,542 580 • 4,530 815,353 220,103 361,539 6,546 5,191 373,276 7 124 1,318 581 3,922 713,837 377,987 571,443 30,884 10,851 613,178 505 2,477 582 3,635 653,654 330,292 491,768 32,544 8,006 532,318 623 2,392 583 3,174 574,905 259,285 371,559 6,573 1,201 379,333 192 1,946 584 2,108 379,379 135,212 189,928 189,928 205 1,188 585 2,563 448,589 185,284 310,698 13,699 4,463 328,860 272 1,080 586 587 1,883 329,670 160,502 291,558 26,912 326 318,796 564 1,461 2,370 426,600 144,307 227,675 22,622 263,994 649 2,058 588 3,725 625,783 228,821 333,058 13,968 347,026 321 1,628 589 2.434 424,905 143,570 212,268 11,986 224,254 223 1,003 590 2,332 419,879 145,167 200,445 6,632 228,105 125 623 591 4,657 866,452 377,908 536,920 34,661 4,234 59b, 313 971 2,948 592 2,034 366,119 120,083 190,445 4,533 4,559 200,167 157 731 593 2,040 367,166 147,219 208,771 7,084 8,000 223,855 185 896 594 2,544 459,019 204,089 292,555 13,694 888 307,137 216 1,142 595 2,003 366,897 130,615 221,261 10,646 231,907 200 805 596 2,739 486,598 172,198 335,725 59,715 1,168 396,823 1,273 1,818 597 2,316 421,512 161,295 232,432 6,268 217 239,617 125 1,190 598 2,173 381,109 150,085 224,186 4,353 1,033 229,572 124 695 599 3,157 562,039 269,102 421,251 5,774 428,515 109 1,926 600 fini 3,605 645,250 546,683 867,069 65,091 1,909 934,069 1,400 4,396 OUl 2,085 369,179 152,650 242,727 18,637 263,071 338 1,070 602 1,642 290,563 106,334 153,971 5,777 633 160,381 117 858 603 1,867 328,545 137,007 198,824 2,407 729 202,620 38 450 604 1,891 340,380 116,610 171,135 9,838 — 180,973 65 648 605 52 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 | Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 606 Oklahoma _ 186 18 5 111 231 1,397 27,902 28,187 607 Ada _ _ 11 1 3 15 80 1,576 1,542 608 8 1 2 8 68 1,323 1,417 609 Bartlesville . _ 11 1 8 20 92 1,568 1,595 610 9 1 8 12 77 1,415 1,526 611 6 1 5 8 48 1,170 1,146 612 7 1 5 11 59 1,154 1,146 613 Enid. _ 16 1 2 7 21 133 2 625 2,671 614 8 1 8 6 72 1,092 1,117 615 14 1 12 11 134 2.441 2,550 616 11 1 10 9 77 1,696 1,701 617 12 1 7 8 63 1,142 1,054 618 Okmulgee _ 12 1 1 4 12 66 1,650 1,651 619 Ponca City _ 12 1 2 6 24 105 2,215 2,242 620 13 1 8 12 64 1,378 1,342 621 6 1 2 11 55 l,ly5 1,230 622 13 1 11 18 117 2,298 2,290 623 9 1 3 14 50 1,173 1,122 624 Wewoka _ _ 8 1 2 11 37 791 845 625 Oregon _ 47 6 10 24 96 400 6,750 6,822 626 Astoria . . . . 4 1 2 4 5 56 754 762 627 Bend _ 5 1 3 21 59 973 974 628 Eugene _ _ _ 12 1 4 3 104 2,184 2,298 629 Klamath Falls _ 14 2 3 8 21 96 4 1,606 4 1,544 630 Medford _ _ 12 1 1 6 10 85 4 1,233 4 1,244 631 Pennsylvania _ 616 87 123 330 1,935 6,550 115,151 113,840 632 Abington _ __ 15 1 4 9 42 114 1,977 1,845 633 Aliquippa _ _ 12 2 2 5 31 150 2,713 2,713 634 Ambridge6 _ 7 2 5 40 91 2,118 1,878 635 Arnold _ _ _ _ 5 1 2 2 16 45 997 998 636 Beaver Falls _ _ _ 10 1 2 3 32 92 1,543 1,556 637 Bellevue . 3 1 3 9 40 585 651 638 Berwick 6 _ 8 1 1 1 19 66 1,505 1,389 639 Braddock6 _ _ _ 5 1 2 5 23 84 1,384 1,383 640 Bradford.. _ 9 1 1 6 32 94 1,731 1,132 641 Bristol _ _ 6 1 1 12 53 751 781 642 Butler _ _ _ _ 7 1 3 5 28 113 2,389 2,296 643 Canonsburg _ _ _ 12 1 5 8 71 1,223 1,276 644 Carbondale6 _ _ _ 5 1 3 7 15 102 1,847 1,923 645 Carlisle _ . _ 9 1 4 2 20 70 1,319 1,351 646 Carnegie . . . _ 4 1 2 10 53 883 849 647 Chambersburg _ 7 1 1 1 30 72 1,280 1,420 648 Charleroi 6 _ _ _ 6 1 2 6 26 65 1,302 1,232 649 Cheltenham (P.O.Elkins Park) . . . 11 1 2 6 35 110 1,365 1,416 650 Clairton.. . ... . ... 6 1 4 6 20 132 1,915 2,024 651 Coates ville. _ 7 1 2 5 28 97 1,311 1,404 652 Columbia _ _ 5 1 2 5 7 51 791 783 653 Connellsville _ 6 1 3 3 18 84 1,381 1,381 654 Conshohocken 4 1 2 7 46 696 701 655 Coraopolis 6_ _ 5 1 2 16 61 1,150 1,129 656 Darby _ 3 1 3 9 53 6^9 696 657 Dickson 6__ _ 7 1 5 20 60 1,046 1,088 658 Donora 6_. 7 1 6 27 72 1,441 1,441 659 Dormont _ 3 1 3 13 63 920 872 660 DuBois-.. _ 9 1 2 5 20 55 907 856 661 Dunmore _ _ 12 1 4 8 19 107 1,750 1,698 662 Duquesne _ _ _ 8 1 9 5 18 83 1,325 1,446 663 Ell wood City 5 1 2 20 79 1,539 1,617 664 Farrell _ 5 1 4 5 25 68 l,3o5 1,297 665 Greensburg 10 1 3 26 95 1,534 1,689 666 Hanover (City) 6 1 2 24 54 1,047 1,009 667 Hanover Township (P.O. Wilkes-Barre) . . . 12 3 2 12 45 86 1,610 1,554 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 53 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Line number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 45,730 8,087,030 2,585,550 3,504,451 190,918 71,124 3,766,492 3,886 15,633 606 2,352 411,667 133,713 170,853 7,880 2,229 180,962 189 687 607 2,159 380,945 114,233 153,670 7,582 161,252 127 829 608 2,697 469,323 207,930 288,573 30,368 7,004 325,945 670 1,377 609 2,520 443,520 133,644 170,796 9,302 18,694 198,792 217 830 610 1,647 294,860 84,190 106,176 3,831 110,007 64 450 611 1,993 350,768 107,891 146,444 8,728 1,681 156,853 247 559 612 4,339 759,482 274,636 372,431 17,675 390,106 334 1,598 613 1,932 338,026 112,844 162,942 10,534 1,042 174,518 142 698 614 4,057 709,975 205,030 275,778 3,105 7,795 286,678 150 960 615 2,544 447,678 132,123 170,175 16,962 8,364 195,500 138 860 616 2,039 358,864 102,531 142,204 5,547 1,840 149,591 78 500 617 2,707 481,846 145,562 185,915 8,432 194,347 183 1,055 618 3,459 624,954 239,380 336,009 21,225 10,000 367,234 604 1,816 619 2,357 412,697 115,680 157,889 16,960 5,030 179,879 338 829 620 2,047 358,165 101,386 133,227 1,435 307 134,969 19 667 621 3,670 682,079 196,179 272,687 8,513 2,650 283,850 190 875 622 1,852 324,090 100,873 143,105 5,540 4,025 152,670 85 499 623 1,359 238,091 77,725 115,577 7,299 463 123,339 111 544 624 11,182 1,929,210 1,008,917 1,392,039 54,543 55,998 1,502,580 836 4,025 625 1,255 207,068 129,954 172,126 1,401 1,647 175,174 18 780 626 1,636 281,362 150,146 201,791 3,693 205,484 41 627 3,465 606,367 289,629 390,528 4,229 22,843 417,600 138 1,168 628 2,705 476,019 256,363 367,434 42,121 21,311 430,866 522 1,237 629 2,121 358,394 182,825 260,160 6,792 6,504 273,456 117 840 630 204,135 37,310,083 16,555,494 24,815,935 1,494,342 400,879 26,747,106 36,473 110,532 631 3,279 606,695 246,295 608,351 50,506 15,057 682,833 1,178 1,971 632 4,622 831,960 400,313 592,268 36,283 6,355 637,049 1,004 1,972 633 3,545 638,692 249,574 385,136 19,440 32,553 437,129 511 1,947 634 1,766 317,880 111,952 175,123 6,388 1,215 183,626 163 528 635 2,558 558,000 271,863 404,934 14,900 1,718 421,552 279 1,319 636 1,055 200,450 115,076 175,424 6,958 4,053 186,435 115 738 637 2,630 473,321 144,645 213,630 14,689 6,496 234,815 508 985 638 2,372 426,894 195,683 279,926 15,414 6,578 301,918 394 1,514 639 2,955 531,917 270,819 440,087 21,974 3,091 465,152 524 1,902 640 1,439 264,738 115,177 160,889 4,116 972 165,977 89 537 641 4,047 728,536 304,850 437,845 3,615 4,059 445,519 70 2,596 642 2,124 381,320 146,129 209,204 8,780 6,022 224,006 172 776 643 3,279 632,739 199,144 276,563 17,670 294,233 382 913 644 2,349 446,310 170,835 239,721 11,938 319 252,928 317 1,051 645 1,627 306,995 124,311 185,651 468 260 186,379 115 670 646 2,295 413,100 189,746 267,204 14,185 2,248 283,637 270 1,249 647 2,308 415,639 162,677 240,465 15,026 2,409 257,900 358 1,279 648 2,512 472,230 386,163 604,690 40,075 2,221 646,986 981 3,230 3,719 669,551 328,338 516,822 26,373 1,505 548,675 679 2,463 650 2,588 486,544 242,878 354,784 11,922 4,351 371,057 418 1,383 651 1,259 239,210 103,780 147,730 13,767 721 162,218 256 900 652 2,300 413,957 207,605 303,389 3,475 3,148 310,012 52 809 653 1,284 237,540 93,117 139,726 4,029 143,755 139 344 654 2,099 398,810 143,175 206,321 16,088 222,409 328 851 655 1,203 218,797 121,130 184,186 6,672 10,000 200,858 127 1,025 656 1,822 328,393 118,573 197,662 25,933 320 223,915 583 712 657 2,588 465,963 183,509 279,625 24,763 10,330 314,718 514 956 658 1,586 301,340 181,580 263,416 16,310 233 281,159 321 2,438 659 1,694 304,920 157,342 237,167 2,690 1,288 241,145 113 1,304 660 2,921 557,900 199,136 310,840 4,158 364 315,362 469 1,369 661 2,634 474,155 236,696 346,645 23,163 773 370,581 550 1,233 662 2,865 515,750 208,503 281,801 6,041 289,456 114 1,001 663 2,377 427,978 196,054 284,690 22,847 1,386 308,923 552 2,860 664 2,740 493,200 237,965 348,906 21,800 2,153 372,859 545 2,124 665 1,950 351,008 149,615 203,173 9,624 891 213,688 238 689 666 2,758 513,026 329,048 494,585 19,470 5,876. 519,931 384 1,789 667 & a 3 3 a) 3 13 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 OKI I 681 08-J 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 State and City 1 Pennsylvania— Cont. Harrison Township (P.O. Natrona)6 - - - Haverford (P.O. Upper Darby) - Homestead - - Indiana _ Jeannette _ Kingston _ Lansdowne 6 - Latrobe _ Laureldale _ Lebanon - Lewistown 6 _ Lock Haven - - McKees Rocks _ Mahanoy City - *_ - Meadville . . - . Monessen _ Mount Carmel.. . Mount Lebanon . . Munhall 6 _ Nanticoke _ _ New Kensington _ North Braddock (P.O. Brad- dock)6 _ Oil City6 _ _ Old Forge 6 _ Phoenix ville 6 _ _ Pittston 6 _ _ _ _ Plains 6 _ Plymouth 6 _ Pottstown 6 . . . . Pottsville 6 _ Shaler Township (P.O. Glen- shaw)6 _ Shamokin _ Sharon 6_ - - Shenandoah 6 - Stpplton ^ Stowe Township (P.O. Mc¬ Kees Rocks) 6 . . . Sunbury 6 - - Swissvale 6 _ Tamaqua 6 _ Union town 6 _ _ _ Vandergrift _ _ _ Warren 6 _ Washington . . . . Waynesboro 6_. . ... West Chester6-.. . Wilkinsburg _ Rhode Island _ Bristol _ Central Falls _ Cumberland (P.O. Valley Falls) _ Johnston (P.O. Providence). . Lincoln (P.O. Lonsdale)6 - North Providence (P.O. Providence)6 - Warwick (P.O. Apponang)... Westerly _ _ West Warwick 6 _ School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 9 47 891 811 8 1 7 43 131 2,089 2,047 7 1 1 5 34 55 954 644 3 1 3 3 18 45 813 944 8 1 2 1 17 71 1,449 1,449 10 1 3 10 27 113 1,482 1,496 5 1 1 2 18 53 980 1,000 6 1 3 24 54 1,019 1,055 5 1 2 5 18 45 883 880 13 1 1 3 32 115 2,125 2,010 7 1 3 3 42 73 1,854 1,516 5 1 23 23 975 973 6 1 5 4 69 925 903 4 1 4 11 54 692 665 7 1 3 4 23 93 1,455 1,494 9 1 1 7 15 112 1,559 1,522 6 1 1 2 18 54 937 924 7 1 3 4 37 124 1,915 1,916 7 1 4 26 82 1,266 1,141 9 1 1 10 43 113 1,583 1,598 12 1 1 12 25 131 2,186 2,220 8 1 6 23 93 1,589 1,466 8 1 1 33 93 1,779 1,845 9 1 3 8 35 59 1,195 1,149 6 1 3 2 18 53 1,012 1,008 6 1 6 2 17 115 1,499 1,560 11 1 1 51 80 1,481 1,314 7 1 4 22 79 1,462 1,405 9 1 4 3 39 99 1,973 1,895 12 1 4 2 41 107 2,114 2,032 6 1 1 21 44. 1,055 1,014 7 1 7 24 71 1,295 1,255 11 1 3 6 26 132 2,367 2,195 7 2 2 4 13 89 1,339 1,355 7 1 1 30 58 1,115 1,115 7 1 2 1 25 58 1,296 1,246 10 1 2 24 76 1,475 1,457 7 1 2 16 86 1,218 1,217 8 1 2 12 56 1,151 1,147 10 1 3 41 99 2,253 2,213 6 1 3 4 68 1,073 1,201 9 1 1 22 81 1,539 1,601 13 1 3 7 12 122 2,171 2,151 6 1 3 2 20 52 880 880 6 1 4 32 62 1,114 1,075 9 1 8 37 130 2,395 2,462 86 9 18 30 111 593 10,242 9,986 8 1 4 6 9 50 904 900 11 .1 4 7 13 67 918 949 11 1 1 5 57 747 695 10 1 4 3 4 51 1,078 1,026 4 1 5 8 605 495 5 1 2 5 25 50 994 962 21 1 2 4 30 177 2,964 2,950 8 1 2 2 8 62 885 847 8 1 2 12 71 1,147 1,162 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 55 public-school systems, by State, and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expense Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) s pO a 3 a o d 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1,637 294,660 90,600 191,087 14,100 205,187 293 654 668 3,666 681,804 432,847 631,29/ 54,420 40,613 726,330 1,387 1,250 669 1,358 244,440 196,953 291,090 31,822 12,000- 334,912 560 1,613 670 1,678 301,930 129,210 200,046 11,291 4,184 215,521 264 838 671 2,440 439,200 169,439 249,114 25,504 3,836 278,454 328. 955 672 2,803 518,453 279,372 417,476 103 2,608 420,187 2,370 673 1,693 307,374 151,371 241,207 25,078 4,600 270,885 606. 1,221 674 1,925 346,502 144,124 216,082 5,610 2,236 223,928 175 1,234 675 1,679 318,974 124,093 180,505 723 181,228 260 600 676 3,951 730,935 286,958 406,540 24,431 3,432 434,403 862 1,165 677 3,082 554,826 191,638 294,315 15,294 13,091 322,700 483 1,202 678 1,735 326,180 133,871 185,361 7,200 192,561 147 629 679 1,590 318,000 149,213 224,977 19,594 115 244,686 404 1,393 680 1,153 249,688 130,476 175,215 6,435 1,382 183,032 193 826 681 2,647 476,310 230,820 343,561 12,434 4,494 360,489 319 1,735 682 2,461 443,980 262,341 395,911 16,600 1,640 414,151 415 1,446 683 1,785 321,258 142,749 222,647 9,354 2,014 234,015 176 877 684 3,256 586,080 390,609 571,693 57,466 23,695 652,854 1,514 3,219 685 2,214 398,147 196,714 322,325 31,529 16,653 376,046 733 1,944 686 3,068 580,908 366,892 6 495,079 7,917 502,996 262 1,728 687 4,080 767,040 296,485 440,145 12,862 3,030 456,037 316 1,840 688 689 2,646 476,280 213,016 319,960 30,260 5,588 3o5,808 650 1,843 3,262 587,147 220,156 320,809 28,644 28,065 377,518 640 1,869 690 2,042' 367,726 172,866 242,537 6,213 7,916 256,666 224 429 691 1,824 341,448 118,248 180,898 13,360 1,022 195,280 320 998 692 2,777 514,579 218,597 295,692 14,226 309,918 393 788 693 2,488 457,834 196,155 291,960 20,827 1,792 314,579 526 1,003 694 2,599 484,602 172,985 235,627 14,406 250,033 376 822 695 3,443 592,281 239,131 343,784 29,160 14,685 387,629 704 1,400 696 3,594 636,138 243,541 379,622 32,945 8,424 423,193 772 2,063 697 698 1,804 324,720 101,072 176,742 13,025 15,596 205,363 318 661 2,335 420,300 185,624 259,968 8,515 2,422 270,905 245 1,040 699 4,145 746,124 282,574 448,780 54,303 2,518 505,601 1,155 2,106 700 2,424 414,496 177,801 258,623 14,575 6,147 279,345 340 683 701 2,016 344,962 149,315 228,776 11,069 721 240,566 254 1,012 702 2,212 418,068 143,254 201,896 26,421 1,280 229,597 622 863 703 2,756 468,854 169,145 244,195 12,626 2,533 259,354 316 2,017 704 2,220 399,623 187,890 285,561 28,963 1,206 315,730 481 1,525 705 2,143 383,623 108,033 161,325 13,946 175,271 342 556 706 3,890 700,238 251,185 365,908 39,590 2,382 407,881 930 1,655 707 2,108 379,461 135,810 6 196,064 2 4,240 200,304 106 351 708 2,800 504,204 176,958 281,439 23,525 8,399 314,113 617 1,584 709 3,868 696,387 243,489 353,292 36,059 185 389,868 958 1,878 710 1,594 286,934 116,355 176,790 6,588 4,787 188,165 257 758 711 2,106 393,912 169,323 297,805 6,391 5,900 317,521 262 922 712 3,989 717,995 422,900 573,630 53,871 627,501 1,156 3,540 713 17,331 3,080,522 1,285,609 1,983,468 103,624 18,279 2,408,646 2,706 9,363 714 1,562 279,651 133,846 173,545 2,512 181,603 1,330 715 1,552 276,256 150,645 209,379 18,390 930 229,820 436 1,201 716 717 1,264 224,385 105,201 158,659 2,200 1,876 162,735 35 485 1,698 303,942 83,628 178,029 1,755 5,000 184,932 75 45 718 920 162,840 71,189 149,630 149,630 209 719 720 1,741 298,592 118,541 180,485 12,020 2,446 496,340 336 868 5,080 914,400 364,575 544,336 32,495 3,282 580,184 888 2,795 721 1,457 264,060 134,061 203,509 25,425 2,233 231,167 659 1,541 722 2,057 356,396 123,923 180,896 11,339 192,235 277 889 723 56 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,(100 | Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 724 South Carolina 75 7 23 125 744 12,703 14,062 725 18 1 37 214 3,369 3,606 726 Florence _ 14 1 5 8 123 2,140 2,319 727 12 1 4 13 130 2,109 2,305 728 14 1 4 41 63 1,514 1,835 729 Rock Hill _ 8 1 5 13 113 1,937 2,119 730 Sumter _ _ 9 2 5 13 101 1,634 1,878 731 South Dakota _ 40 5 8 29 74 323 5,687 5,866 732 Aberdeen.. . . 11 1 10 19 82 1,540 1,559 733 Huron _ _ 5 1 1 4 9 61 903 1,013 734 Mitchell _ _ 8 1 3 5 11 55 739 731 735 Rapid City . . . 8 1 3 2 21 72 1,523 1,539 736 Watertown _ _ 8 1 1 8 14 53 982 1,024 737 Tennessee _ 56 7 4 38 74 626 11,481 12,384 738 Bristol . . 10 1 2 5 10 94 1,624 1,599 739 Clarksville.. . . 5 1 4 16 76 1,328 1,480 740 Cleveland. . . . 6 1 3 7 75 1,224 1,338 741 Dyersburg _ _ 7 1 1 12 63 896 1,094 742 Jackson . . . ' 9 1 1 9 14 110 2,152 2,469 743 Johnson City _ 12 1 12 4 92 2,448 2,483 744 Kingsport . . 7 1 1 4 11 116 1,809 1,921 745 Texas. . . . 347 30 22 180 368 2,769 48,621 r 50,234 746 Abilene _ _ _ 16 1 12 23 164 2,861 2,895 747 Big Spring . . 12 1 1 7 89 1,566 1,501 748 Borger _ _ 6 1 2 5 4 90 1,666 1,690 749 Brownsville. . 17 1 4 8 125 2,359 2,448 750 Brown wood. _ 15 1 8 9 11 95 1,590 1,634 751 Bryan .. _ .. .. . 9 1 6 10 73 1,254 1,515 752 Cleburne .. 10 1 6 10 61 1,129 1,227 753 Corsicana. .. _ 12 1 2 6 9 85 1,552 1,647 754 Del Rio _ _ 9 1 4 5 49 759 730 755 Denison _ 7 1 4 14 70 1,362 1,350 756 Denton _ . .. _ 8 1 6 7 51 901 954 757 Goose Creek _ _ 26 1 1 10 21 179 2,778 2,771 7.58 Greenville _ . 12 1 2 15 71 1,277 1,248 759 Harlingen _ 10 1 4 8 83 1,585 1,594 760 Highland Park (P.O. Dallas). 5 1 6 26 161 2,226 2,219 761 Longview _ 16 1 11 13 95 1,918 1,895 702 McAllen.. 13 1 5 7 74 1,518 1,534 763 Marshall . . 12 1 11 14 117 2,107 2,272 764 Palestine _ 11 1 2 12 58 1,052 1,231 765 Pampa _ .. 15 2 8 13 109 1,739 1,719 766 Paris _ . . 14 1 8 15 98 1,978 2,083 767 San Angelo... ... 17 1 2 10 23 157 2,274 2,397 768 Sherman _ 7 1 7 10 90 1,526 1,570 769 Sweetwater. ... 11 1 3 11 64 1,166 1,221 770 Temple _ . 11 1 2 4 12 98 1,410 1,522 771 Terrell. __ . . 5 1 4 8 41 826 833 772 Texarkana. . . . 15 1 1 9 22 106 2,361 2,622 773 Tyler. _ _ 17 1 4 9 18 150 2,684 2,776 774 Victoria.. . 9 1 4 12 66 1,197 1,136 775 Utah ... _ 19 2 3 15 73 140 4,257 4,194 776 Logan .. _ _ 10 1 2 7 30 55 1,513 1,487 777 Provo _ 9 1 1 8 43 85 2,744 2,707 778 Vermont _ 34 4 11 7 57 241 4,520 4,323 779 Barre 6 _ 7 1 5 1 10 53 974 975 780 Brattleboro _ 9 1 1 12 45 842 871 781 Burlington 6 _ _ _ 10 1 5 4 19 87 1,733 1,535 782 Rutland _ 8 1 1 1 16 56 971 942 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 57 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—44 — Continued TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily attend¬ ance Aggregate days attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa¬ tion expen e Bonds out¬ standing and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) | Line number 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 21,700 3,886,852 997,403 1,393,071 109,864 43,296 1,546,231 1,266 4,957 724 6,011 1,100,013 279,998 361,957 46,326 17,188 425,471 406 1,244 725 3,591 639,198 141,351 199,578 29,380 2,611 231,569 457 956 726 4,233 740,775 154,890 194,246 13,761 6,675 214,682 36 735 727 2,557 460,849 115,529 163,669 5,793 3,913 173,375 136 605 728 2,403 423,153 157,461 223,804 4,150 8,465 236,419 96 684 729 2,905 522,864 148,174 249,817 10,454 4,444 264,715 135 733 730 9,764 1,787,148 685,163 1,038,962 22,781 14,402 1,076,145 538 5,620 731 2,509 464,130 181,908 275,823 7,311 1,664 284,798 217 1,769 732 1,823 337,255 107,662 161,190 2,600 4,998 168,788 60 777 733 1,376 242,176 123,442 191,353 . 7,110 2,912 201,375 128 1,049 734 2,442 439,560 149,923 224,398 5,760 3,413 233,571 133 1,149 735 1,614 304,027 122,228 186,198 1,415 187,613 876 736 19,785 3,511,864 924,631 1,186,232 53,467 18,030 1,257,729 1,109 5,614 737 2,670 469,738 141,323 182,451 18,700 839 201,990 374 1,000 738 2,240 394,228 127,995 167,677 262 667 168,606 12 655 739 2,181 383,754 85,710 110,353 7 10,610 875 121,838 7 207 11 411 740 1,648 300,068 79,331 108,549 108,549 7 306 741 3,875 697,755 127,384 153,752 5,750 3,994 163,496 146 7 692 742 4,187 732,246 194,468 247,645 11,655 259,300 1,500 743 2,984 534,075 168,420 215,805 18,145 233,950 382 1,050 744 80,786 14,451,784 4,848,528 6,431,754 421,033 325,200 7,193,131 10,638 28,683 745 4,437 776,369 314,631 380,336 34,176 3,000 417,512 893 1,437 746 2,482 435,786 128,052 167,628 16,617 1,690 185,935 350 631 747 2,530 489,097 135,472 200,653 12,655 21,909 235,217 376 611 748 3,896 697,384 171,677 259,734 25,692 43,099 328,525 828 1,309 749 2,528 444,831 170,100 206,494 179 4,164 210,837 221 894 750 2,227 388,310 120,496 153,092 4,316 1,653 159,061 933 751 2,008 350,806 103,816 141,473 23 1,295 142,791 1,150 752 2,608 456,502 121,161 173,724 39 1,551 175,314 1,265 753 1,200 210,357 78,269 97,877 13,443 238 111,558 264 486 754 2,188 382,811 116,925 154,527 3,000 157,527 824 755 1,468 275,408 111,823 146,478 13,340 159,818 277 654 756 4,690 836,487 376,188 533,994 53,737 12,485 600,216 1,200 1,823 757 2,183 382,111 108,113 132,937 132,937 703 758 2,523 441,640 130,197 180,430 25,237 7,069 212,736 507 848 759 3,924 687,589 373,376 472,206 41,931 34,247 548,384 956 1,763 760 3,095 554,981 159,610 267,566 13,000 4,500 285,066 518 669 761 2,393 418,921 123,005 162,535 10,700 10,385 183,620 7 268 927 762 3,856 682,800 160,377 216,433 1,285 217,718 1,230 763 1,930 338,671 97,680 138,908 14,155 153,063 325 792 764 2,938 520,117 213,534 298,579 16,468 123,531 448,059 342 1,324 765 3,331 587,888 158,736 199,339 9,224 846 209,409 194 990 766 3,881 680,353 282,988 344,789 39,550 3 935 388,274 762 1,430 767 2,644 616,589 157,547 194,105 7 13,860 472 208,437 347 1,035 768 1,934 337,383 104,050 138,579 22,873 2,011 163,463 440 706 769 2,583 452,025 155,871 196,584 7 7,536 2,656 206,776 157 915 770 1,286 225,356 59,088 79,669 18 3,823 83,510 274 771 3,494 630,240 220,397 297,768 22,301 14,531 338,263 427 895 772 4,523 792,770 281,737 347,498 3,180 8,738 359,416 814 1,697 773 2,006 358,202 113,612 147,819 6,783 13,087 169,689 172 468 774 7,418 1,299,806 414,379 623,784 15,477 26,120 674,658 179 2,219 775 2,647 455,284 164,057 239,002 7,479 4,994 253,294 22 1,026 776 4,771 844,522 250,322 384,782 7,998 21,126 421,364 157 1,193 777 7,528 1,321,308 525,294 770,989 25,161 16,345 815,200 642 2,874 778 1,739 312,747 106,037 158,679 1,225 162,609 35 305 779 1,412 244,276 90,523 135,507 173 15,000 150,680 32 520 780 2,819 496,144 188,238 275,808 19,763 1,345 296,916 465 1,500 781 1,558 268,141 140,496 200,995 4,000 . 204,995 110 549 782 58 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 3. — Buildings, personnel, attendance, and fiscal data for GROUP III CITIES, 10,000 | Line number State and City School buildings in use Superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 783 Virginia _ . 32 6 3 27 55 397 6,200 6,560 784 6 1 6 14 98 1,719 1,781 785 Fredericksburg . . 4 1 4 11 62 790 932 786 6 1 4 9 56 904 983 787 6 1 3 5 53 873 918 788 Suffolk . . . 6 1 1 6 10 61 878 829 789 Winchester. . . 4 1 2 4 6 67 1,036 1,117 790 Washington _ 104 12 29 84 262 1,391 27,404 27,640 791 Aberdeen... . . 11 1 3 5 22 87 1,747 1,706 792 Bellingham . . . 17 1 1 10 30 148 2,792 2,795 793 Bremerton. . . . . 16 2 • 9 14 34 265 4,581 4,580 794 Hoquiam.. .. 6 1 2 6 10 57 1,024 1,034 795 Longview _ _ 4 1 2 5 21 79 1,963 1,970 796 Olympia. . . . . 8 1 1 8 32 80 1,765 1,896 797 Vancouver... _ 12 2 6 13 35 373 6,529 6,557 798 Walla Walla _ 10 1 1 8 16 82 1,677 1,713 799 Wenatchee. _ 7 1 1 5 20 90 1,707 1,839 800 Yakima . . 13 1 3 10 42 130 3,619 3,550 801 Wisconsin _ 164 24 40 77 457 1,769 30,451 31,179 802 Appleton _ _ _ 13 1 8 5 35 130 2,284 2,450 803 Ashland.. . 7 1 1 7 55 720 745 804 Beaver Dam. _ _ 5 1 1 14 49 742 771 805 Beloit _ _ _ _ _ 9 2 2 14 37 149 2,901 2,907 806 Chippewa Falls . . 6 1 4 6 11 46 816 939 807 Cudahy. 4 1 1 11 14 838 826 808 Fond du Lac... _ 10 1 5 8 31 128 1,875 2,022 809 Janesville . ... _ 7 1 6 8 17 107 2,043 1,982 810 Manitowoc _ _ 10 1 1 5 38 118 2,632 2,632 811 Marinette ... _ 7 1 1 1 15 65 1,127 1,113 812 Marshfield... . _ 6 1 2 14 66 709 740 813 Menasha. _ _ 4 1 1 13 39 715 715 814 Noonah _ _ 7 1 1 1 15 72 1,003 1,013 815 Shorewood _ _ 8 1 1 3 20 83 1,131 1,222 816 South Milwaukee _ 9 1 1 1 18 55 988 1,012 817 Stevens Point.. . . 8 1 2 1 12 67 979 965 818 Two Rivers. _ 3 1 15 41 610 666 819 Watertown. .. 4 1 1 10 47 698 748 820 Waukesha _ _ 9 1 1 2 25 104 1,774 1,788 821 Wausau _ 10 1 3 6 33 132 2,475 2,510 822 Wauwatosa _ _ 10 2 3 8 46 144 2,422 2,422 823 Wisconsin Rapids . 8 1 1 1 20 58 969 991 824 Wyoming . . 47 4 7 14 80 409 7,529 7,568 825 Casper _ _ _ 20 1 2 10 27 151 2,119 2,185 826 Cheyenne _ 11 1 2 2 25 140 3,028 3,005 827 Laramie.. _ _ _ 8 1 3 1 14 54 1,171 1,107 828 Sheridan _ _ 8 1 1 14 64 1,211 1,271 * 1 Includes persons rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, and psychological work, etc., when more than half their time is given to such instruction. 2 Includes the six major expense items only, i. e., general control (administration), instruction, operation, maintenance, ^auxiliary services, and fixed charges. V 3 Includes expenditures made from public funds reported for Americanization courses, continuation classes, and night Xpr evening schools. 4 Sex distribution estimated. 5 Not including bonus of $20 per month paid by State of Maryland to teachers, principals, and vice principals whose basic salary was less than $3,000 per annum. 6 Data reported for 1942 used. 7 Data estimated on basis of 1942 report. 8 National Education Association data used. 9 Reported “none.” 10 Classified “urban” by special ruling of U. S. Census Bureau because of density of population. 11 Value of 1942 plus capital outlay amount reported for 1944. 12 Value of 1940 plus capital outlay amounts subsequently reported. 15 Fiscal data reported for 1942 used. City School Systems 59 public-school systems, by State and by city, 1943—44 — Continued \ TO 29,999 POPULATION Average daily • attend¬ ance Axr attended Salaries of principals, supervisors, and instruc¬ tional staff Total current expense full-time day schools Interest payments from current funds Capital outlay for plant and equipment Total,* columns 13, 14, and 15 plus adult and part- time educa- Bonds out- and all other school debts (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) 1 Line number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10,777 2,011,235 676,911 874,766 12,958 893,849 6 3,768 783 2 827 569,800 187,377 233 533 522 236,446 827 784 1 455 266,806 102,077 130,055 130,711 6 479 785 L645 296^202 86444 112,756 6,990 119,809 6 548 786 1,506 270,828 87,466 117,193 2,118 121,226 M08 787 1,451 261,180 98,486 126,759 2,111 128,870 6 417 788 1,893 346,419 115,361 154,470 1,217 156,787 1,089 789 41,622 7,425,485 3,564,875 5,225,273 76,232 845,792 6,396,199 1,617 16,343 790 2,860 503,274 239,683 344,422 4,171 691 351,599 31 904 791 4,714 815,478 373,432 531,559 15,120 2,904 549,583 447 2,327 792 6,726 1,210,680 532,498 821,197 3,666 809,746 1,659,124 226 2,683 793 1,713 303,279 152,142 215,457 5,150 220,607 _ 821 794 3,124 552,939 249,139 373,342 5,475 23,619 420,245 113 1,894 795 2,891 520,401 263,179 374,713 5,909 2,535 383,565 91 1,263 796 8,981 1,616,980 859,056 1,341,876 20,681 _ 1,566,340 233 2,225 797 2,569 462,472 223,454 313,893 990 602 315,557 35 1,063 798 2,785 498,516 258,668 359,674 5,573 365,247 153 1,205 799 5,259 941,466 413,624 549,140 14,647 545 564,332 288 1,958 800 55,617 10,162,516 4,473,539 6,567,423 88,095 133,897 7,536,640 2,696 45,301 801 4,189 724,714 338,443 481,750 12,093 25,847 583,372 445 3,158 802 1,352 245,957 106,924 174,699 1,910 206,758 30 972 803 1,403 252,584 101.569 158,845 1,266 171,690 491 804 5,039 942,406 410,034 591,671 1,500 25,219 682,511 26 1,967 805 1,481 259,160 109,194 154,821 2,913 624 170,376 74 618 806 1,664 316,160 113,104 183,064 3,537 5,058 217,021 105 1,369 807 3,525 634,646 302,967 406,337 4,060 467,043 1 1,480 808 3,625 667,035 268,250 384,126 5,110 429,842 1,921 809 4,666 853,891 322,680 492,093 9,919 8,857 535,397 281 2,542 810 2,116 380,876 135,873 183,923 375 630 184,928 12,422 811 1,427 257,040 96,825 186,469 7 7,350 11,277 199,835 210 1,725 812 1,212 224,464 71,466 131,195 _ _ 157,919 991 813 1,860 332,959 156,251 242,416 3,240 2,668 291,072 48 1,418 814 2,092 389,064 276,225 413,065 30,110 10,135 507,652 1,103 2,665 815 1,717 319,449 126,030 208,475 3,210 102 239,833 52 877 816 1,652 370,587 135,571 199,723 3,719 223,609 1,251 817 1,214 225,804 116,901 170,275 4,065 9,637 228,827 66 ' 1,273 818 1,382 249,393 103,571 146,263 2,250 173,149 30 584 819 3,353 600,291 258,902 378,215 4,923 5,412 424,525 150 1,596 820 4,507 797,619 338,652 462,278 2,971 561,759 1,764 821 4,364 798,557 451,929 614,910 5,587 637,439 3,129 822 1,777 319,860 132,178 202,810 4,860 1,558 242,083 75 1,088 823 11,761 2,097,034 983,347 1,405,690 64,390 13,980 1,478,951 1,444 6,005 824 3,436 635,585 369,325 517,549 416 3,758 521,723 12 1,381 825 4,607 810,815 319,512 462,917 29,820 8,880 510,508 707 2,650 826 1,777 310,924 138,279 188,997 20,025 1,042 210,064 445 972 827 1,941 339,710 156,231 236,227 14,129 300 236,656 280 1,002 828 ! 60 Biennial Survey of Education, 1942-44 Table 4. — Summary of the estimated number of buildings, personnel, and attendance , and estimated fiscal data for public-school systems, by State, 1943-44- GROUP IV CITIES, 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION State School build¬ ings in use Instructional staff 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Aggre¬ gate days at¬ tended (in thous¬ ands) Salaries of prin¬ cipals, super¬ visors, and instruc¬ tional staff (in thous¬ ands) Total current expense 2 for full-time day schools (in thous¬ ands) Value of school property (in thous¬ ands) Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States _ 9,160 14,168 71,744 1,225,335 1,260,611 2,115,403 370,570 $141,617 $218,178 $966,831 Alabama... . . 75 20 977 18,557 19,622 35,504 6,131 1,413 1,626 5,223 Arizona . . 63 194 554 13,641 13,547 21,891 3,817 1,466 2,628 7,017 Arkansas.. . . 295 432 1,315 28,020 31,688 41,722 7,127 1,636 2,567 12,766 California . 426 ’ 676 6,199 79,244 72,615 157,027 20,984 11,237 17,421 75,679 | ! Colorado . . 113 198 838 13,402 13,667 24,962 4,146 1,696 2,436 8,511 Connecticut . . . 37 25 282 4,053 4,586 7,525 1,374 507 795 3,513 Delaware _ 60 57 211 3,685 3,676 6,492 1,194 506 681 4,792 ! Georgia . . 109 305 1,127 20,427 22,991 34,598 6,148 1,510 1,988 7,572 Idaho. . . 71 179 480 10,941 11,372 17,455 3,022 1,018 1,515 6,072 ] Illinois . . 571 1,584 3,886 79,893 77,496 132,470 23,265 9,011 16,137 90,882 J Indiana.. . 274 541 1,713 ' 33,778 33,798 57,900 10,202 3,919 5,736 19,609 i Iowa _ 269 403 1,981 31,454 33,374 54,067 8,956 3,858 6,381 26,517 j Kansas... _ 187 386 1,132 22,806 23,383 39,587 6,961 2,833 3,685 14,786 Kentucky... . 196 185 1,680 23,256 23,946 38,128 6,562 1,929 2,683 11,793 ! Maine . . 83 144 654 9,029 9,190 15,946 2,919 644 1,349 6,177 ' Massachusetts _ 291 325 1,574 23,372 23,642 41,418 7,174 3,491 4,855 19,114 Michigan . 307 717 2,526 47,539 46,245 82,982 13,364 6,009 9,275 37,825 Minnesota . . 254 516 2,177 35,402 38,075 60,435 10,606 3,848 6,354 26,913 ; Mississippi. . 223 124 1,378 21,892 26.936 47.792 7,013 1,714 2,421 7,344 Missouri . 308 382 1,573 29,169 29,627 52,903 9,458 2,825 4,290 15,023 j Montana. . . 74 105 522 7,783 7,823 12,366 2,164 1,019 1,303 5,683 Nebraska . . 97 128 739 13,926 13,853 24,511 4,212 1,304 1,960 9,020 Nevada _ _ 33 58 192 3,750 3,833 6,708 1,218 483 737 4,447 New Hampshire _ 24 35 162 2,988 3,045 5,104 909 311 515 2,040 ! New Jersey . 336 639 3,625 53,457 54,804 91,638 16,780 8,913 14,639 51,752 1 New Mexico . . 100 72 693 12,630 12,040 20,999 3,742 927 1,423 4,927 New York _ . . 386 1,003 4,924 73,952 77,445 121,664 23,155 12,495 19,747 90,788 North Carolina . . 178 113 1,924 32,800 38,336 60,251 9,995 2,712 3,612 14,757 North Dakota _ . 25 38 223 3,822 4,188 7,053 1,256 348 937 3,120 Ohio . . 454 1,037 3,673 66,341 67,767 120,446 21,768 8,366 14,434 71,537 Oklahoma . 338 244 1,690 32,177 31,297 57,181 9,557 2,301 3,710 22,649 1 Oregon. . . . 155 214 889 17,933 19,185 24,328 4,478 1,900 2,913 13,920 | Pennsylvania. . 780 1,691 7,389 120,043 122,522 216,832 40,353 16,609 25,843 100,050 Rhode Island. . 27 19 135 1,845 1,978 3,416 613 300 445 2,970 South Carolina . 227 192 2,121 35,983 42,019 65,374 11,536 2,738 2,910 5,410 | South Dakota . 43 97 326 4,854 5,332 10,052 1,855 670 1,043 5,165 1 Tennessee _ 151 82 777 15,124 16,412 26,234 4,240 1,226 1,420 6,816 Texas. . . 1,054 283 5,700 111,335 111,900 157,969 31,133 9,833 13,473 56,242 Utah _ _ 7 18 29 761 784 1,350 202 88 122 344 Vermont . . 69 61 319 5,193 5,031 8,963 1,574 549 890 5,798 , Virginia _ 41 50 454 7,124 8,508 12,033 2,149 689 940 4,959 Washington.. . . 135 298 1,029 20,939 20,893 30,817 6,648 2,797 3,849 32,926 I Wisconsin. . 185 270 1,624 27,106 27,930 50,168 8,810 3,387 5,599 38,159 j Wyoming . . 29 28 328 3,909 4,210 9,142 1,800 582 891 6,224 I 1 Includes persons rendering services supplementary to classroom instruction in libraries, study halls, guidance, health, ] and psychological work, etc., when more than half their time is given to such instruction. 2 Includes the six major items only, i. e., general control (administration), instruction, operation, maintenance, auxil- j iary services, and fixed charges. ■fr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1946—696974 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1943-44 CHAPTER IV FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. Office of Education BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1942-44 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1943-44 CHAPTER IV By HENRY G. BADGER Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics Under the direction of EMERY M. FOSTER Head , Reports and Analysis Section Research and Statistical Service FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY . Watson B. Miller, Administrator U. S. Office of Education John W. Studebaker, Commissioner CONTENTS Page Foreword . IV General trends. . . 1 Staff - . f _ _ _ 3 Ratio of men to women staff members . 6 Students . 8 Ratio of men to women students... . 10 Enrollment in public and private institutions . 11 Graduate and undergraduate enrollments . . . 12 Enrollment in arts and sciences and in professional schools . 12 Students enrolled for the first time... . 13 Special types of students . 14 Degrees . 16 Earned degrees . 16 Honorary degrees . 18 Income . - . 10 Income for specifically designated purposes... . 20 Educational and general income . — .1 . 22 Percentage analysis... . 23 Student fees . . . 25 Endowment earnings... — ;..... . ,;... . 25 Public sources . 25 Private gifts and grants . 26 Per capita income . . . 27 Sales and services of related activities . . . 28 Miscellaneous income . 30 Expenditures . 30 Educational and general expenditures.... . 31 Percentage analysis . . 1 . 31 Other expenditures . 32 Property . 35 Coverage . 35 Text Tables I. Resident college enrollments in institutions of higher education, 1899-1900 to 1943-44 . . . ». . . . 1 II. Junior colleges and their enrollment, 1917-18 to 1943-44 . 2 III. Number and classification of institutions of higher education reporting on staff and students, 1943-44 . . . * . 4 IV. Resident instructional staff in institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1943-44 . 5 V. Resident instructional staff in subcollegiate work, excluding training schools, in institutions of higher education, 1939-40 to 1943-44 . 5 VI. Instructional staff engaged in special types of work in institutions of higher education, 1939-40 to 1943-44 . 6 VII. Staff in institutions of higher education, by type and level, and percentage distribution by control and sex, 1943-44 . . . 7 VIII. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, summary 1929-30 to 1943-44 . 8 IX. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, by division and State, 1929-30 to 1943-44 . 9 X. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level, and percentage distribution by control and sex, 1943-44 . 11 II CONTENTS III Page XI. Regular-session enrollment of resident college students, civilian and military, in institutions of higher education, by type and level of instruction, and by sex 1939-40 and 1943-44 . 13 XII. Number of students enrolled for first time in institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by level, type, and control, 1933-34 to 1943-44 . 14 XIII. Student enrollment in institutions of higher education, 1943-44 . 15 XIV. Enrollment of military, naval, and short-course Government-contract students in higher education, 1943-44... . 16 XV. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of recipient, level of degree, and geographic division, 1939-40 to 1943-44.... 17 XVI. Decrease in number of earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex, 1939-40 to 1943-44 . 18 XVII. Honorary and earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1943-44 . . . . 19 XVIII. Income for specifically designated purposes, non-Federal institutions of higher education, 1939-40 to 1943-44 . 21 XIX. Educational and general income of institutions of higher education, by division, 1930-40 to 1943-44.__ . 22 XX. Percentage analysis of educational and general income of non-Federal institutions of higher education, by source, 1939-40 to 1943-44 . 24 XXI. Current receipts per capita from public sources and from private gifts and grants, institutions of higher education, 1943-44 . 29 XXII. Educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education, by division, 1939-40 to 1943-44... . :rJ.r _ 31 XXIII. Percentage analysis of current expenditures in institutions of higher educa¬ tion, 1943—44 . 33 Summary Tables 1. Historical summary 1899-1944...- . 37 2. Staff, students, and degrees, 1943-44 and 1941-42 . 38 3. Financial data, 1943-44 and 1941-42 . 42 4-A. Staff and students in institutions of higher education, 1943-44 . 46 4-B. Publicly controlled institutions..... . 48 4- C. Privately controlled institutions.- . ;... ... — . . . 50 5- A. Staff of institutions of higher education, by type of work, by State, 1943-44 52 5-B. Publicly controlled institutions — . 54 5-C. Privately controlled institutions . 56 6. Miscellaneous types of enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control, by State, 1943-44... . 58 7. Resident student enrollment in professional schools, including teacher¬ training institutions, by sex, 1943-44 . 60 8. Students graduated from teacher-training curricula, 1943-44 . 61 9. Specialization of graduates of institutions of higher education prepared to teach in selected fields, 1943-44 . . . . . . . . . 62 10. Degrees conferred in arts and sciences by institutions of higher education, including teacher-training institutions, by major subject, 1943-44 . . . 62 11. Degrees conferred in professional schools, including teacher-training insti¬ tutions, 1943-44 . 63 12-A. Income of institutions of higher education, by control, by State, 1943-44 ... 64 12-B. Publicly controlled institutions . . 66 12- C. Privately controlled institutions . 68 13- A. Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by State, 1943-44 . 70 1S-B. Publicly controlled institutions . . 72 13-C. Privately controlled institutions.- . 74 FOREWORD HIS CHAPTER of the Biennial Survey of Education is a continuation of the series of periodic reports which have been prepared by the U. S. Office of Education giving statistics of higher education since 1871. This report is different from previous chapters in several ways. In the first place, it is the only chapter that will reflect the full impact of the war on statistics of higher education. In the second place, because of the great changes in curricular offer¬ ings and type of student body caused by war conditions, certain figures are not strictly comparable with those in previous years. The regular-session resident civilian students, however, have been treated separately throughout the report from the regular-session resident military and short-course Government-contract students. In the third place, the Office of Education is launching a review of its statistical program and is planning a continuing study of needs of the many consumers of Office of Education statistics and the types and frequency of statistical items reported. Finally, it has been found necessary to eliminate publication of statistics for individual institutions. A preliminary consideration of the entire statistical function of the Office of Education was made in the fall of 1945 by a conference called by Commissioner Studebaker on the U. S. Office of Education statistical program. The report of this con¬ ference is published as Bulletin 1945, No. 2, Proposals Relating to the Statistical Function of the U. S. Office of Education. The deliberations of conferees at this meeting urged upon the Office the consideration of its reporting cycle, and emphasized the necessity of considering which data are needed on a current basis, perhaps at least on an annual basis ; and which might need report¬ ing much less frequently, perhaps every 5 or 10 years. There are, therefore, some modifications from previous practice in the present report and it might well be that there will be further modifications growing out of continued study which the Office of Education is planning to make on its statistical reporting program. Francis G. Cornell, Chief, Research and Statistical Service IV STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1943-44 General Trends THIS IS THE 14th Biennial Survey of Higher Education issued by the U. S. Office of Education, the series having been initiated in 1917—18. The material here presented covers the school year July 1, 1943 to June 30, 1944. 1. Probably the one outstanding fact in American higher education for 1943—44 is the sharp reduction in civilian student personnel. Student enrollment, which had been experiencing an increase over the years since 1900 and had reached a peak of approximately 1,500,000 by 1940, began to decrease in 1943, and by 1943-44 had dropped to only a little more than the enrollment reported for 1923—24 (table I). This great decrease is, of course, a reflection of the drawing of large numbers of young men and women from college campuses to war activities. TABLE I. — Resident college enrollments in institutions of higher education, 1899—1900 to 1943—44 Year Resident college enrollments,1 September to June Year Resident college enrollments,1 September to June 1 3 1 2 1899-1900... . . . . 237,592 264,345 355,213 403,558 440,742 597,880 681,076 823,063 917,462 1,053,955 1929-30. _ _ 1,100,737 1,154,117 1,055,360 1,208,227 1,350,905 1,494,203 1,403,990 877,517 L 904-05 . . . 1931-32 1909-10 . 1933-34 1914—15 . . . 1935-36 L917-18 _ _ _ _ 1937-38 1919-20... . . 1939-40 1921-22 . 1941-42 1923-24 . . . . 1943-44 1925-26 _ _ _ _ L927-28 _ Enrollment data cover resident college students, regular session only (September to June). They include regular students at the U. S. Service schools, but do not include military or naval students at civilian institutions. The peak enrollment of 1,494,203 just referred to for 1939-40 repre¬ sented 1.13 percent of the total population of the United States. This percentage, it may be noted, had been increasing consistently since the depression period of 1933-34. In 1941—42, however, the total enrollment of higher education dropped to a little more than 1,400,000 or 1.04 per¬ cent of the estimated total population for 1942. The 1943—44 civilian enrollment of 877,517 represents only 64 hundredths of 1 percent of the total population. (Inclusion of the 277,755 military resident students of college grade increases this ratio to 84 hundredths of 1 percent.) If it may be assumed that the relation of higher education enrollment 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 to total population reached in 1940 would have continued without increas¬ ing, an enrollment of approximately 1,520,000 could have been expected for 1941—42. The enrollment for that year, however, was only 1,400,000 or 120,000 short. In like manner an enrollment of 1,560,000 might have been expected for 1943—44 had enrollments continued. The enrollment for that year was less than 880,000, making a loss of 680,000 college- student-years in 1943—44 only. For these 2 college years the total loss is approximately 800,000 student-years. The loss for 1942—43 must have been somewhere between the losses for 1941-42 and 1943-44. The total loss for the 3 college years of the war period must, therefore, have gone well over 1 million student-years. These data, it should be noted, would not include the war period after June 1944. 2. Another notable fact in this year’s compilation is the reduction in the number of institutions of higher education over the country. In 1941-42 the Educational Directory listed 1,756 institutions of which 489 were junior colleges. In 1943-44 there were only 1,702 institutions listed of which 455 were junior colleges. Out of the total decrease of 54 institutions 34 were junior colleges. Some of the junior colleges that were listed in the 1943—44 Directory went out of existence “for the duration” either during or at the end of the school year and, therefore, sent in no report for 1943-44, accounting for the decreases from 468 junior colleges report¬ ing in 1941-42 to only 413 in 1943-44. This was to be expected since the junior college enrollment age (18-19) is that most directly affected by the Selective Service and other war activities. 3. The 7.7 percent decrease in the number of instructional staff mem¬ bers from 1941—42 to 1943—44 was not nearly as great as that in civilian student enrollment (37.5) or in civilian and full-time military students (17.7), both groups being instructed by the regular staff members. Insti¬ tutions were also trying to retain their staffs as nearly intact as possible TABLE II. — Junior colleges and their enrollment , 1917—18 to 1943—44 Year All junior colleges reporting Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18 . 46 4,504 14 1,367 32 3,137 1919-20. . 52 8,102 10 2,940 42 5,162 1921-22 . . 80 12,124 17 4,771 63 7,353 1923-24 . . . 132 20,559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26... . 153 27,095 47 13,859 106 13,236 1927-28 . 248 44,855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30 . . 277 55,616 129 36,501 148 19,115 1931-32 . 342 85,063 159 58,887 183 26,176 1933-34 . 322 78,480 152 55,869 170 22,611 1935-36 . 415 102,453 187 70,557 228 31,896 1937-38 . 453 121,510 209 82,041 244 39,469 1939-40.. . 456 149,854 217 107,553 239 42,301 1941-42 . . . 461 141,272 231 100,783 230 40,489 1943-44 _ _ 413 84,616 210 56,439 203 28,177 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 3 in anticipation of the increase in student enrollment expected after the war. There were, in addition to these regular staff members, approximately 11,300 teachers of short Government-contract courses in the regular or summer session not comparable with previous years. 4. Another effect of the war on higher education is seen in the decrease in the number of civilian students entering college for the first time. In 1939—40, this number was estimated at approximately 417,500. In 1942 it dropped to 379,000, and in 1943-44 to 251,000 (table XII). If the 63,000 military or naval students in college for the first time in long-term, regular- session, Government-contract courses are added, there were still only 314,000 beginning students in 1943-44, 75 percent of the 1939-40 number. 5. A similar decrease is noted in the number of persons finishing their college course. In 1939—40, 186,500 persons were awarded the bachelor’s or first professional degree. In 1941—42 this number dropped only to 185,346, but in 1943-44 it dropped to a little less than 126,000. Similar decreases were reported in the number of persons taking the master’s, doctorate, and other advanced degrees. 6. The income of colleges increased sharply from 1939-40 to 1941-42 and again from 1941—42 to 1943—44. In face of a decrease in civilian student enrollment, this increase might seem peculiar. It may be traced to at least two factors: (1) A sharp increase in the cost of living and (2) an increase of teaching load by the addition of Federal contract work relative to the war which resulted in the receiving of additional income by the college from the Federal Government for military and naval students and war-research projects. The income of higher education in 1943-44 must be considered from the standpoint of the total job which the institu¬ tions were doing and not from the size of the civilian student group they were educating. Staff The staff and students in higher education were reported by 1,650 of the 1,742 institutions or approximately 95 percent of the colleges and universities listed by the Office of Education (table III). The comparative stability of college staffs from 1941—42 to 1943—44 has already been noted. The total number of persons thus employed in 1943-44 was 150,980, or 99.9 percent of the 151,066 reported 2 years earlier. The full-time equivalent of persons thus employed in 1943-44 was 134,451, which was 100.2 percent of the 134,137 employed in 1941—42. It should be remembered that these data for 1943-44 include not only the staff handling the greatly decreased group of civilian students, but also handling about 277,000 full-time and 529,000 short-course Government- contract students and considerable special war-connected research. The size of the higher education staff during the war had no direct relationship to the decreased civilian enrollments. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE III. — Number and classification of institutions of higher education reporting on staff and students, 1943— 441 State or outlying part of the United States Total, 1943- 44 Universities, Colleges; and Professional Schools Teachers Colleges and Normal Schools Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled Degree- granting Non¬ degree- granting2 Degree- granting Non¬ degree- granting2 Degree¬ granting Non¬ degree- granting3 Degree- granting Non¬ degree- granting3 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S... 1650 156 310 835 303 175 48 33 10 26 4 11 6 5 5 1 2 2 24 5 6 10 1 2 96 9 39 41 7 18 3 5 5 2 3 21 1 9 6 4 1 3 2 1 20 13 5 2 13 3 1 6 3 50 8 8 24 8 2 8 1 2 2 1 2 89 1 12 58 8 6 3 1 39 3 1 29 3 2 1 47 2 12 24 8 1 42 5 13 16 6 2 35 4 2 16 8 4 1 18 6 11 1 13 1 6 2 2 2 26 3 1 16 1 5 Massachusetts 63 2 37 9 10 1 1 3 Michigan _ _ 53 4 8 21 1 4 15 Minnesota _ 43 1 11 21 2 6 2 Mississippi _ 29 4 11 6 5 3 Missouri _ _ 54 2 9 25 11 7 Montana _ _ _ 11 3 3 2 1 1 1 Nebraska _ _ - 22 2 3 11 1 4 1 Nevada _ 1 1 New Hampshire _ _ 8 1 4 1 2 New Jersey _ _ 28 1 17 3 6 1 New Mexico _ 7 4 1 2 New York _ 101 4 6 68 6 11 5 1 North Carolina _ 52 5 1 20 19 7 North Dakota 12 2 3 2 5 Ohio . _ 65 8 52 3 2 Oklahoma _ 33 5 12 7 3 6 Oregon _ _ 20 2 11 2 3 2 Pennsylvania _ 101 1 1 77 8 14 Rhode Island _ 8 1 5 1 1 South Carolina _ 32 7 16 9 South Dakota 16 3 4 5 2 2 Tennessee _ 46 2 29 9 5 1 HTeYa.fi _ _ 81 9 24 28 13 7 Utah 11 2 5 3 1 Vermont _ 11 1 5 2 3 Virginia _ 40 6 20 9 4 1 Washington _ 23 2 7 9 3 2 West Virginia _ 20 4 1 7 2 6 Wisconsin _ . _ 62 1 20 4 10 25 2 Wyoming _ _ 1 1 United States Service Schools4 . 3 3 Outlying parts of the U. S. 5 3 1 1 Alaska _ 1 1 Canal Zone 1 1 Hawaii 1 1 Puerto Rico 2 1 1 ' 'This table will not check with the U. S. Office of Education, Educational Directory because of the inclusion here of county normal schools and of other institutions of higher education reported since the Directory was compiled. 1 Junior colleges. *Normal schools. 4U. S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn.; U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.; and U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y, STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 5 The total number of teachers conducting resident classes of college grade in 1943-44 was 105,841, which was 8,852, or 7.7 percent, less than the 114,693 reported in 1941—42 (table IV). While the numbers of staff members, on either a total or a full-time equivalency basis, remained practically stable during the 2-year period, there were significant changes in the sex distribution of these persons. Thus, from 1941-42 to 1943-44 the number of men on a total-person- count basis decreased from 109,309 to 106,254, a 2.8 percent decrease, but the number of women increased from 41,757 to 44,726, an increase of 7.1 percent. In like manner, the full-time equivalent of men on these staffs decreased from 96,251 to 93,794, a loss of 2.6 percent, but women increased from 37,886 to 40,657, or 7.3 percent. TABLE IV. — Resident instructional staff 1 in institutions of higher education , 1929—30 to 1943—44 Year Number Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Year Number Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1929-30 82,386 88,172 86,914 92,580 1937-38 _ 102,895 110,885 114,693 105,841 +10,315 + 7,990 + 3,808 - 8,852 +11.1 + 7.8 + 3.4 - 7.7 1931-32 +5,786 -1,258 +5,666 +7.0 -1.4 +6.5 1939-40. . 1933-34 1941-42 . 1935-36 1943-44 . 1ColIegiate, professional, and graduate, not including critic teachers or sub-collegiate teachers. The number of persons instructing classes of less-than-college grade at institutions of higher education has declined since 1939—40. In that year they numbered 3,721, or 3.1 percent of the total regular-session resi¬ dent instructional staff. In 1941-42 they numbered 8,472, or 2.8 percent of the total instructional staff. In 1943-44 they numbered only 3,457, but this number was again 3.1 percent of the total instructional staff of all institutions reporting (table V). TABLE V. — Resident instructional staff in sub-collegiate work , excluding train¬ ing schools , in institutions of higher education , 1939—40 to 1943—44 Item 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 Total . . . . 3,721 3,472 3,457 Publicly controlled institutions: 893 791 1,076 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ _ 549 528 728 Teachers colleges _ _ 152 176 261 Normal schools. . . . . . . 5 6 5 Junior colleges _ _ 187 81 82 Privately controlled institutions: 2,828 2,681 2,381 Universities, colleges, and professional schools . . 1,676 1:807 1:497 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ 60 94 65 Normal schools _ _ 50 52 9 Junior colleges _ _ _ 1:042 928 810 720421 0—47 - 2 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 From 19.39-40 to 194.3-44 there was some shifting in the types of special work carried on by staff members at institutions of higher education. An increase of more than 8,000 in teachers of summer-session courses from the summer of 1939 to that of 1943, and an increase of more than 2,000 in the number of persons engaged in research activities constitute the major shifts, except for the short Government-contract teaching activity, which engaged more than 11,000 persons in 1943-44. This activity, of course, did not exist prior to the outbreak of the war in 1941. An increase of 345 persons engaged in correspondence teaching more than offsets a decrease of 82 persons conducting extension-class instruction. Other minor shifts in numbers of persons reported are: An increase of 56 in agricultural and home economics extension work, a decrease of 261 in agricultural experiment station personnel, and a decrease of only 6 in county farm, home demonstration, and club personnel (table VI). TABLE VI. — Instructional staff engaged in special types of work 1 in institutions of higher educationy 1939—40 to 1943—44 Type of work 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 Increase (+) or decrease ( — ), 1939-40 to 1943-44 Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 Summer-session teaching, 1939, 1341, and 1943 . . . 36,034 3,766 6,704 2,660 6,286 3,653 3,032 39,458 3,740 6,280 2,469 6,246 4,048 3,336 44,156 4,111 6,622 2,716 6,280 3,392 5,187 11,292 +8,122 + 345 - 82 + 56 6 - 261 +2,155 +22.5 + 9.2 - 1.1 + 2.1 - .1 - 7.1 +71.1 Correspondence work _ _ Extension-class instruction . . . Agriculture and home economics extension _ County farm, home demonstration, and clubwork _ Agricultural experiment station work _ Other research work _ _ Short Government-contract courses _ •Includes duplicates with resident instructional staff (table IV). Ratio of Men to Women Staff Members The comparative numbers of men and women staff members vary mark¬ edly in relation to curricular offering and highest level of work offered by the institution and less markedly in relation to control. Thus, in the institutions not primarily organized for the preparation of teachers (the university, . college, professional school, and junior college group) men constituted 72.0 percent and women 28.0 percent of the entire staff. Among the teachers colleges and normal schools, the staff — a much smaller group — was divided into 43.7 percent men and 56.3 percent women. In other words, in the general college and professional school group five out of every seven staff members were men; in the teacher-training group only three out of every seven were men. Among all degree-granting institutions (universities, colleges, teachers colleges, and other professional schools) 71.2 percent of the staff were men and 28.8 percent were women: another 5:2 ratio. In the nondegree institutions (junior colleges and normal schools), the total staff was again STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 7 comparatively small in numbers and the ratio between men and women was more nearly even: 47.1 percent men and 52.9 percent women. Data not here published in detail show that the sex composition of higher institution staffs does not vary sharply with control. Of the 65,069 staff members at institutions under public control, 44,621, or 68.4 percent, were men and 20,548, or 31.6 percent, were women. In the privately con¬ trolled group, of the 69,382 staff members 49,273, or 71.0 percent, were men and 20,109, or 29.0 percent, were women. Since the beginning of the present century the ratio of men to women staff members has changed significantly. In 1899-1900, only 19.6 percent of all staff members were women. Ten years later, in 1909-10, the percent had risen to only 20.1. In 1919-20, just after World War I, the percent of women staff members went to 26.3, and about 1929—30 it stabilized at between 28 and 29 percent. In 1941-42 it was still at 28.2, but in 1943-44 it rose to 30.2. This increase, while not so large in percent as was expected from scattered reports received during the school year under review, is larger than was expected in terms of actual numbers of women involved. While complete data on the subject are lacking, there is reason to believe TABLE VII. — Staff 1 in institutions of higher education , by type and level y and percentage distribution by control and sex , 1943—44 Item All institutions reporting Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers- colleges and normal schools 1 2 3 4 All institutions ebpobtinq: Number of staff members _ 134,451 100.0 123,665 100.0 10,786 100.0 Percent _ Publicly controlled: Men _ 33.1 32.4 41.2 Women _ 15.3 12.1 51.6 2.5 4.7 Privately controlled: Men _ 36.6 39.6 Women - _ 15.0 15.9 Degree-granting institutions: Number of staff members _ 126,217 115,837 100.0 10,380 100.0 Percent _ 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ _ _ 33.4 32.7 41.7 Women _ - _ 14.9 11.6 51.9 Privately controlled: Men _ 37.8 41.0 2.3 Women . _ - 13.9 14.7 4.1 Non-degree-granting institutions:* Number of staff members _ 8,234 100.0 7,828 100.0 406 Percent _ 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ _ _ - _ _ _ 28.6 28.5 30.0 Women _ 21.3 20.2 43.4 | Privately controlled: Men _ 18.5 19.1 6.2 Women _ _ _ 31.6 32.2 20.4 1 Total administrative and instructional staff, excluding those employed in summer session only. Junior colleges and normal schools. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 that the percent of women teachers and administrative officers at institu¬ tions of higher education tends to rise rather slowly in normal times, but that it is likely to increase rather rapidly in war times and that gains once registered are usually permanent. Students A total of just over 877,000 persons were enrolled as resident civilian students of college grade at the various institutions of higher education over the country for the regular school year 1943-44. This represents a decrease of more than 520,000 from the number of civilian students re¬ ported in 1941-42 and one of nearly 620,000 from the peak reported for 1939-40 (table VIII). In addition, however, there were more than 277,000 regular-session students in uniform, making a total of 1,155,000 students following in general the regular college curricula, a decrease of only 17.7 percent from the number of regular session students in 1941-42. Slightly over 375,000 civilian students of college grade were enrolled for the summer session of 1943. This represented a decrease of 11.8 per¬ cent (approximately 50,000) from the civilian enrollment for the summer of 1941 and one of approximately 80,000 from that for the summer of 1939. It represents an increase of more than 72,500, or 23.9 percent, over the enrollment reported 10 years earlier. In addition, in 1943 there were 103,000 military students in summer session. Nonresident instruction of college grade was extended to approximately TABLE VIII. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education . summary , 1929—30 to 1943—44 Year Regular session Summer session1 Enrollment3 Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Enrollment Biennial increase (+) or decrease ( — ) Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929-30 . . . 1,100,737 388,755 1931-32 . . . . . 1,154,117 + 53,380 + 4.9 414,260 + 25,505 + 6.6 1933-34.... . . 1,055,360 - 98,757 - 8.6 303,754 -110,506 -26.7 1935-36 . . . . 1,208,227 +152,867 +14.5 370,026 + 66,272 +21.8 1937-38 . 1,350,905 +142,678 +11.8 429,864 + 59,838 +16.2 1939-40 . . 1,494,203 +143,298 +10.6 456,679 + 26,815 + 6.2 1941-42 . . . 1,403,990 - 90,213 - 6.0 426,849 - 29,830 - 6.5 1943-44 . 877,517 -526,473 -37.5 376,334 - 50,515 -11.8 Increases or decreases 1930-44 - 223,220 -20.3 - 12,421 - 3.2 1934-44 . . . . . - 177,843 -16.9 + 72,580 +23.9 Preceding the regular session, i.e., summer session for 1929 preceding the regular session 1929-30, etc. including U. S. Service schools, but not including for 1943-44 the 277,755 full-time regular-session military enrollments at civilian institutions. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 9 245,000 civilian persons, of whom 92,000 were doing college work by correspondence and 153,000 were enrolled in extension classes. From 1939—40 to 1943—44 civilian enrollments in resident higher educa¬ tion decreased in every State. The largest proportionate decrease took place in North Dakota, where the enrollment for 1943—44 was only 32.5 percent of that for 1939-40. Other States dropping most sharply were: Wyoming, with 1943-44 showing 33.7 percent of 1939-40; South Dakota, with 35.7 percent; and Nevada, with 37.3 percent. The least proportionate decrease for any State was in North Carolina where the 1943-44 enrollment stood at 68.7 percent of that of 1939—40 (table IX). For the Nation at large, the civilian enrollment in 1943—44 was 58.7 percent of that in 1939—40, showing a decrease of 41.3 percent in this period. The median decrease, however, was 46.3 percent. TABLE IX. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education1, by division and State, 1929—30 to 1943—44 State, by geographic division Resident-college enrollments Percent 1943-44 enroll¬ ment is of— 1929-30 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-442 1929-30 1939-40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S._ . 1,100,737 1,055,360 1,208,227 1,350,905 1,494,203 1,403,990 877,517 79.7 58.7 New England . 79,816 73,248 78,358 87,611 92,021 90,491 53,667 67.2 58.3 Maine _ _ 4,659 4,536 4,725 5,306 6,092 5,625 3,020 64.8 49.6 New Hampshire - 4,846 5,066 5,171 5,502 5,897 5,966 2,538 52.4 43.0 Vermont _ _ 2,442 2,637 3,147 3,514 3,975 3,898 2,478 101.5 62.3 Massachusetts _ 54,424 47,131 50,439 56,916 57,772 54,645 34,484 63.4 59.7 Rhode Island _ 4,262 4,400 5,036 5,081 5,425 5,818 2,794 65.6 51.5 Connecticut - 9,183 9,478 9,840 11,292 12,860 14,539 8,353 91.0 65.0 Middle Atlantic - 249,478 244,192 260,479 290,797 299,512 283,155 192,647 77.2 64.3 New York . . . 156,730 160,570 171,664 193,473 195,596 183,166 130,949 83.6 66.9 New Jersey . . 14,662 14,054 17,633 19,706 20,515 21,692 12,424 49,274 84.7 60.6 Pennsylvania _ 78,086 69,568 71,182 77,618 83,401 78,297 63.1 59.1 East North Central _ 242,706 209,840 253,176 287,271 322,602 304,462 187,963 77.4 58.3 Ohio... . . 66,985 59,326 66,346 75,770 84,367 81,674 49,779 74.3 59.0 Indiana _ 26,118 23,522 27,126 30,558 37,065 34,156 20,330 77.8 54.8 Illinois _ 81,701 67,971 87,772 98,466 107,074 97,861 66,347 81.2 62.0 Michigan _ 44,144 36,232 45,845 54,324 60,961 61,831 34,974 79.2 57.4 Wisconsin _ 23,758 22,789 26,087 28,153 33,135 28,940 16,533 69.6 49.9 West North Central... 130,045 124,680 137,131 145,643 163,531 146,663 82,863 63.7 50.7 Minnesota . . 24,884 26,425 28,394 30,069 34,647 31,522 18,645 74.9 53.8 Iowa . . . . 23,688 22,196 26,452 27,329 29,753 27,489 15,090 63.7 50.7 Missouri _ 31,458 6,891 30,148 7,244 31,690 6,118 34,769 7,410 40,393 37,046 7,032 25,400 2,705 80.7 62.9 North Dakota _ 8,332 39.3 32.5 South Dakota _ 6,113 4,722 5,812 5,532 6,583 6,206 2,348 38.4 35.7 Nebraska _ 15,685 21,326 13,682 20,263 15,766 15,984 16,579 14,168 7,358 46.9 44.4 Kansas _ 22,899 24,550 27,244 23,200 11,317 53.1 41.5 South Atlantic . 111,949 106,309 129,534 148,683 165,328 164,072 111,081 99.2 67.2 Delaware . . 711 827 842 981 1,118 1,116 551 77.5 49.3 Maryland _ _ 13,084 15,944 11,779 14,731 12,630 19,263 15,365 21,352 18,557 17,441 22,714 12,730 17,560 97.3 68.6 District of Columbia... 22,319 110.1 78.7 Virginia _ 19,316 18,077 20,353 23,155 26,156 25,881 17,718 91.7 67.7 West Virginia _ 11,632 9,142 12,091 13,118 14,444 12,935 7,263 62.4 50.3 North Carolina _ 18,901 10,666 15,838 5,857 21,027 26,285 28,730 32,118 32,079 22,076 116.8 68.7 South Carolina _ 9,391 11,252 13,967 15,914 16,696 10,919 102.4 68.6 Georgia _ _ 15,021 17,738 20,815 23,229 23,826 15,536 98.1 66.9 Florida . . . 6,314 9,080 11,200 11,473 11,384 6,728 114.9 58.6 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE IX. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education1, by division and State, 1929—30 to 1943—44 — Continued State, by geographic division Resident-college enrollments Percent 1943-44 enroll¬ ment is of— 1929-30 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-442 1929-30 1939-40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 East South Central.... 62,733 58,522 69,553 73,309 81,673 73,632 45,083 71.9 55.2 Kentucky _ 16,877 17,929 19,862 19,997 22,414 19,561 12,019 71.2 53.6 Tennessee . ... 20,496 19,300 22,003 23,578 25,253 23,430 15,074 73.5 59.7 Alabama _ 15,290 13,627 16,547 17,817 19,987 18,628 11,569 75.7 57.9 Mississippi _ 10,070 7,666 11,141 11,917 14,019 12,013 6,421 63.8 45.8 West South Central _ 87,098 88,677 109,220 125,369 144,384 132,427 79,157 90.9 54.8 Arkansas . . . 6,445 7,617 8,762 9,563 10,928 9,179 5,460 84.7 50.0 Louisiana . . . 11,180 13,625 18,090 21,813 25,996 23,467 15,219 136.1 58.5 Oklahoma _ 22,770 23,264 27,470 28,273 32,908 27,466 12,615 55.4 38.3 Texas . . 46,703 44,171 54,898 65,720 74,552 72,315 45,863 98.2 61.5 Mountain . . 34,726 39,224 45,882 50,982 58,169 52,060 28,864 83.1 49.6 Montana _ 3,897 4,450 5,224 5,792 6,685 6,191 2,923 75.0 43.7 Idaho _ _ _ 3,812 4,600 5,619 5,748 6,615 5,656 2,596 68.1 39.2 Wyoming _ 1,177 1,191 1,682 2,047 2,264 2,001 763 64.8 33.7 Colorado _ 11,290 11,717 13,334 15,427 17,376 16,563 10,514 93.1 60.5 New Mexico.. . 2,635 2,602 3,558 4,101 4,950 4,219 1,961 74.4 39.6 Arizona _ 3,742 4,552 5,008 5,404 5,969 5,316 3,187 85.2 53.4 Utah . . 7,127 9,122 10,393 11,242 13,043 11,042 6,448 90.5 49.4 Nevada . . 1,046 990 1,064 1,221 1,267 1,072 472 45.1 37.3 Pacific . . . 98,786 107,578 121;133 137,191 162,657 151,929 90,341 91.5 55.5 Washington . . 17,903 16,467 21,315 24,296 26,226 22,624 13,014 72.7 49.6 Oregon _ 11,796 9,208 12,603 14,246 16,141 15,230 7,539 63.9 46.7 California _ 69,087 81,903 87,215 98,649 120,290 114,075 69,788 101.0 58.0 U. S. Service Schools.. . 3,400 3,090 3,761 4,049 4,326 5,099 5,851 172.1 135.3 Outlying parts of the U. S— Alaska _ 86 153 193 217 268 248 289 336.0 107.8 Canal Zone _ 143 151 175 118 78.1 Hawaii _ _ 1,005 1,601 2,003 2,478 2,703 2,368 2,014 200.4 74.5 Puerto Rico . . . 1,484 1,788 2,485 4,199 4,851 4,729 4,384 295.4 90.4 Regular session only. *Civilian only in all institutions except U.S. Service Schools. Ratio of Men to Women Students The effect of the war is seen very definitely in the upsetting of the tradi¬ tional numerical ratio between men and women civilian students in higher education. From 1929-30 to 1941-42 this ratio stood at approximately three men to two women, the exact ratio fluctuating but little. In 1943—44, however, the ratio was more nearly one man to two women, the percent of men being 35.2 and that of women 64.8 (table X). This was brought about by a decrease of 62.3 percent in enrollment of men as contrasted with a decrease of only 2.9 percent in that of women during the 2-year period. This shift in percentage of men enrolled is seen in all classifications of institutions by type, level, or control. Whereas up to 1941—42 men out¬ numbered women in the liberal arts and professional school groups, in the privately controlled junior colleges, in 1943-44, women outnumbered men in all groups. In the normal-school group, where only 1,706 students were reported, the privately controlled schools enrolled only 17 men, or just STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 11 1 percent, and in schools under public control there were only 70 men, or 4.1 percent. In several groups of institutions women outnumbered men 10 to 1 or in even greater proportion. In the privately controlled normal- school group just mentioned, there were nearly 26 times as many women as men enrolled. Even in the degree-granting group, including nearly 800,000 of the 877,517 students reported for the entire system of higher education, not quite 36 percent of them were men and just over 64 percent were women. TABLE X. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level , and percentage distribution by control and sex , 1943—44 Regular session, 1943-44 Summer session, 1943 Item All institu¬ tions reporting Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools All institu¬ tions reporting Universities, colleges, and professional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All institutions reporting— Enrollment _ 877,517 100.0 803,138 100.0 74,379 100.0 376,334 100.0 312,389 100.0 63,945 100.0 Percent _ Publicly controlled: Men _ 16.0 16.4 11.0 18.5 20.1 10.8 Women _ _ 32.1 27.5 81.6 34.7 25.3 80.8 Privately controlled: Men _ 19.2 21.0 17.1 20.4 .9 Women _ 32.7 35.1 6!8 29.7 34.2 7.5 Degree-granting institutions— Enrollment _ 791,195 718,522 100.0 72,673 100.0 360,719 100.0 297,773 100.0 62,946 100.0 Percent _ 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ 15.2 15.6 11.1 18.2 19.7 11.0 Women _ 30.9 25.7 81.9 34.4 24.7 80.7 Privately controlled: Men _ 20.6 22.6 .6 17.5 21.0 .9 Women _ 33.3 36.1 6.4 29.9 34.6 7.4 Non-degree-granting institutions1— Enrollment _ 86,322 100.0 84,616 1,706 100.0 15,615 100.0 14,616 100.0 999 Percent _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ 23.3 23.7 4.1 25.3 26.9 1.9 Women _ 43.5 43.0 69.1 40.7 37.9 83.0 Privately controlled: Men _ 6.7 6.8 1.0 8.0 8.5 .0 Women _ 26.5 26.5 25.8 26.0 26.7 15.1 1Junior colleges and normal schools. Enrollment in Public and Private Institutions For some years prior to World War II there was a tendency for students in higher education to gravitate to publicly controlled institutions and away from those under sectarian or private control. Thus, the percent of students in publicly controlled institutions rose from 48.1 in 1931—32 to 53.3 in 1939—40. In 1941—42, this percentage dropped to 52.1 and in 1943-44, it stood at 48.1, the same as had been reported 12 years earlier. In teacher-education and in junior colleges the move toward publicly con¬ trolled institutions also subsided somewhat, but here the percentages are still high. In the teachers colleges and normal schools 92.6 percent of all 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 students were in public institutions in 1943-44; this was only a slight reduction from the 95.1 percent reported in 1941-42. In like manner, in 1943-44, 66.7 percent of all junior college students were in institutions under public control, as compared with 71.3 percent reported in 1941-42. The traditional tendency of students to attend summer schools at public institutions, noted in the Biennial Survey of Education for 1941-42, con¬ tinued into the summer session of 1943, but at a slightly reduced rate. Thus, in 1937 and 1939 more than 60 percent of the total summer enroll¬ ment was at public institutions; in 1941 the percent was 58.5; and in 1943 it was down to 53.2. The proportion of all summer school students enrolled in specifically teacher-education institutions has declined some¬ what. In the 1939 summer sessions, teachers colleges and normal schools enrolled 24.5 percent of the total; in that of 1941 they enrolled only 20.9 percent; and in 1943 only 17.0 percent. Graduate and Undergraduate Enrollments The decrease in total civilian enrollments from 1939-40 to 1943-44 has already been noted. This decrease, while it was quite general as to type and level of instruction, was quite uneven in its distribution (table XI). The decrease in regular-session resident enrollments was somewhat heavier in professional schools (25.5 percent) than in colleges of arts and sciences (20.1 percent), and among graduate students than among under¬ graduates. It was also heavier among men than among women students. In fact, the enrollment of women in colleges of arts and sciences showed an increase of 2.9 percent. In the arts and science group the range is from a decrease of 58.7 per¬ cent among men in graduate schools to an increase of 5.1 percent among women in the undergraduate schools. In the professional school group the range is from a decrease of 10.9 percent among undergraduate women to one of 49.5 percent among graduate men. Enrollment in Arts and Sciences and in Professional Schools The long-standing trend of arts and science enrollments exceeding those in professional schools was broken in 1943—44. The enrollment of men in professional schools, both undergraduate and graduate, exceeded the enroll¬ ment of men in arts and sciences. Furthermore, the number of women (13,977) in graduate schools of the professional type was within 2 percent of the corresponding number (14,194) in graduate schools of arts and sciences. This is, of course, a reflection of the war situation with its con¬ comitant demand for men and women equipped with highly-specialized training. This situation is especially important in view of the fact that over the years there has been a growing tendency for colleges of arts and sciences to offer courses which are clearly professional in character. Thus there STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 13 has grown up a dual system whereby persons wishing preparation for a specialized profession may obtain such preparation in either a professional school or one of arts and sciences. Examples of professional courses offered in both types of schools are: Agriculture, commerce and business, educa¬ tion, engineering, fine arts, home economics, journalism, library science, music, nursing, and to a limited extent theology and preparation for reli¬ gious service. On the other hand, some professional schools offer work of a general nature, particularly on the junior college level. For this reason the total enrollment in professional schools cannot be interpreted as the total number of students studying for the professions. Nor can the total enrollment in arts and science schools be interpreted as inclusive of all arts and science students or exclusive of all others. TABLE XI. — Regular session enrollment of resident college students , civilian and military , in institutions of higher education , by type and level of instruc¬ tion , and by sex , 1939—40 and 1943-44 Item Colleges of arts and sciences Professional schools 1939-40 1943-44 Percent of decrease 1939-40 1943-44 Percent of decrease 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All students . . 799,411 638,734 20.1 698,534 520,357 25.5 Men _ 440,267 269,158 38.9 458,404 308,071 32.8 Women . . 359,144 369,576 ‘2.9 240,130 212,286 11.6 Undergraduate students . . 744,827 610,617 18.0 646,999 489,243 24.4 Men _ _ _ 406,556 255,235 37.2 424,487 290,934 31.5 Women . . . 338,271 355,382 ‘5.1 222,512 198,309 10.9 Graduate students _ 54,584 28,117 48.5 51,535 31,114 39.6 Men . . . . . 33,711 13,923 58.7 33,917 17,137 49.5 Women _ _ 20,873 14,194 32.0 17,618 13,977 20.7 ‘Increase. Students Enrolled for First Time In 1943-44 an estimated total of 251,071 civilian students were enrolled for the first time in institutions of higher education. This represents a decrease of 127,999 in 2 years. It also represents a decrease of 166,468, or 39.9 percent, since 1939-40. In addition there were 63,240 of the regular session military students who were in college for the first time. The civilian number reported for 1943-44 is 28.6 percent of the total civilian resident-college enrollment for that year. If the resident military students are included, the percentage would be 27.2. This compares favor¬ ably with the percentages for previous years: 27.0 percent in 1941—42, 27.9 percent in 1939-40, and 27.2 percent in 1937—38. The decreased number of freshmen in the civilian group is probably due to the drawing off of persons for war activities, more than to any other single factor. The fact that the total civilian and military regular-session enrollment for 1943-44 was 22.7 percent less than that for 1939-40, whereas the similar 720421 0—47 - 3 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 enrollment of students first time in any college dropped 24.7 percent in the same time, would appear to be a wartime condition, and is probably not symptomatic of a permanent trend. It should be clearly understood that the caption “students enrolled for first time in any college” does not necessarily mean the entire number of first-year students. Persons come to college for part-time work and some¬ times require more than 1 year to complete the normal first-year course. Accordingly, a count of freshmen, if it could be made, would probably yield a somewhat larger figure than the one here given (table XII). TABLE XII. — Number of students enrolled for first time in institutions of higher education , by level , type , and control , 1933—34 to 1943— 441 Item Number of students 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total . . . 307,690 366,734 367,983 417,539 379,070 2 251,071 Percent of 1939-40 total . 73.7 87.8 88.1 100.0 90.8 60.1 Degree-granting institutions— Universities, colleges, and professional schools: Publicly controlled . . . . 92,729 112,069 114,346 121,600 116,726 79,965 Privately controlled _ _ Teachers colleges: 120,860 141,708 135,452 154,950 145,157 98,495 Publicly controlled _ 39,709 44,702 38,014 50,426 38,868 22,363 Privately controlled . . . . 1,479 1,316 1,339 1,611 1,240 1,014 Non-degree-granting institutions— Junior colleges: Publicly controlled.. _ 32,978 41,840 52,320 58,696 54,404 32,226 Privately controlled _ _ _ 12,919 18,200 21,365 24,146 20,485 16,157 Normal schools: Publicly controlled.. _ 5,973 5,620 4,153 5,273 1,635 684 Privately controlled . . . 1,043 1,279 994 837 555 167 1Partially estimated. 2Not including 63,240 regular-session military students. Special Types of Students Up to this point the discussion has centered quite largely around the 877,000 civilian students of resident-college standing who were enrolled during the regular session 1943-44. There still remains a group, larger in numbers than this group. This includes more than 277,000 resident students of collegiate standing who were pursuing courses to which they had been assigned by the military branch of the Government; upwards of 125,000 students of less-than-college grade coming to the campus for instruction; approximately 58,000 civilians and 529,000 military personnel enrolled for short courses on the adult level; and 343,000 persons enrolled for correspondence or extension-class work. Of this group, approximately 245,000 were doing work on the col¬ legiate and 98,000 on the noncollegiate level. Adding these groups to the civilian resident-college group, we get a grand total of 2,210,830 persons receiving instruction of various types at institutions of higher education during the regular session September 1943 to June 1944 (table XIII). Of this number, 877,517, or 39.7 percent, were resident-college students of the STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 15 traditional civilian type and 277,755, or 12.6 percent, were military stu¬ dents taking work of college grade. In addition, 125,179, or 5.7 percent, were resident students doing continuous work of less-than-college grade. If to this group of 2,210,830 students in the regular session, there are added the 376,334 civilian and 102,992 military students in the summer session of 1943, we arrive at a total of 2,690,156 individual registrations of students at institutions of higher education during the period beginning with the summer session of 1943 and ending with the 1944 Commencement. This procedure includes some duplicates, as it is at least possible that many of the summer-school students were also enrolled in the regular session which followed it. This organization, with only 52 percent of the instructional work being of the campus type and of collegiate grade and less than 6 percent of it of noncollegiate grade, is quite different from that of the early American college, wherein all the students were expected to come to the campus for instruction and wherein perhaps half the student body was of less-than- college grade. TABLE XIII. — Student enrollment in institutions of higher education , 1943—44 Item Number Percent of enrollment regular session only Percent of total enrollment i 1 2 3 4 A. Regular session only — I. Resident college enrollments: Civilian _ _ - _ _ _ _ 877,517 39.7 32.6 Military _ _ _ - - .. 277,755 12.6 10.3 Total _ _ _ -- - 1,155,272 52.3 42.9 II. Resident subcollegiate enrollments: Secondary, preparatory _ 29,378 63,505 32,296 1.3 1.1 Training school _ _ -- _ - _ 2.9 2.4 Individual enrollments. - _ 1.5 1.2 Total _ _ _ _ 125,179 5.7 4.7 III. Resident short-course enrollments (adults): Civilian _ _ 57,677 529.364 2.6 2.1 Military _ _ 23.9 19.7 Total . . . - _ _ 587,041 26.5 21.8 IV. Non-resident college enrollments: Correspondence _ _ _ 91,785 153,057 4.2 3.4 Extension _ _ _ 6.9 5.7 Total _ _ 244,842 11.1 9.1 V. Non-resident non-collegiate enrollments: Correspondence . . . . . 32,077 66,419 1.4 1.2 Extension _ _ _ _ _ 3.0 2.5 Total _ _ _ _ _ 98,496 4.4 3.7 Total, regular session 2,210,830 100.0 82.2 B. Summer session 1943- Civilian _ 376,334 102,992 14.0 Military _ 3.8 Total . 479,326 17.8 OranH tnt.nl for year . . 2,690,156 100.0 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 There were more than 900,000 Government-contract students in either the summer session of 1943, the regular school year 1943-44, or in short courses during the year. About 67,000 of these students were women. Except for the 277,000 full-time resident students in the regular session who, in general, were taking regular courses, although somewhat intensi¬ fied, this large group of Government-contract students presented new problems to the colleges, both with respect to curricular content and organi¬ zation (table XIV). It is the presence of this large group of military students on college campuses that makes the higher education statistics for 1943-44 so different from those for any previous year. TABLE XIV. — Enrollment of military , naval, and short-course Government- contract students in institutions of higher education , 1943—44 Control and classification Regular session (men) 2 Freshmen in regular session (men) 2 Summer session, 1943 (men) 2 Short Government- contract courses, regular and summer session, 1943 1 Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total . . . 277,755 63,240 102,992 472,213 57,151 Publicly controlled _ _ _ _ 149,454 28,115 58,211 277,999 32,458 Universities; colleges, and professional schools _ 133,486 11,474 49 4,445 128,301 23,134 3,895 17 1,069 49,233 5,212 231,071 26,984 745 19,199 28,470 965 Teachers colleges __ _ _ Normal schools _ Junior colleges _ . 3,766 3,023 Privately controlled . . . . 35,125 44,781 194,214 24,693 Universities; colleges, and professional schools _ 128,154 35,082 44,704 189,396 1,560 3,258 24,339 Teachers colleges _ Junior colleges _ _ __ 147 43 77 354 'Includes civilians in short Government-contract courses such as ESMWT, CPT, etc., and short-course military students. includes women as follows: 7,721 in column 2; 2,550 in column 3; and 1,858 in column 4. Degrees Earned Degrees Something over 141,000 persons were awarded degrees in cursu in 1943—44. Of these, 126,000 received the bachelor’s or the first professional degree, 13,000 the master’s or equivalent professional degree, and 2,000 the doctorate (table XV). Each of these numbers represents a sharp de¬ crease from the peak reported for 1939-40: 32.5 percent for the bachelor’s, 49.8 percent for the master’s, and 29.9 percent for the doctor’s degree. The total number of all earned degrees conferred in 1943-44 is 141,582, or 34.6 percent less than the total number of 216,521 reported for 1939—40. Decreases were, of course, heavier among men than among women (table XVI). In fact, the number of women receiving the doctorate in 1943—44 is within 1 percent of the number reported for 1939-40. Of special interest is the fact that whereas the number of degrees con- STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 17 ferred on men decreased steadily from 1939—40 to 1943—44 on each of the three levels, the number of women receiving degrees on each of the levels increased from 1939—40 to 1941-42 and then decreased in 1943—44 to a lower number than in 1939-40. In other words, the peak of degrees conferred on men was reached in 1939—40, but for women it was not reached until 1941-42. The peak for both sexes combined was reached in 1939-40. Another reflection of the effect of the war on higher education is seen in the fact that in 1943-44, for the first time in many years, if not in the entire history of higher education, the total number of degrees conferred on women was greater than the number conferred on men. Thus, on the baccalaureate level, women received 69,998, or 55 .6 percent of the total of 125,863 conferred; and for the master’s, women received 7,703, or 57.4 percent of the total of 13,414. Only on the level of the doctorate did the number of men exceed that of women. Here women received 425, or 18.4 TABLE XV. — Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of recipient , level of degree, and geographic division , 1939—40 to 1943-44 Degree and division , Total Men Women 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Bachelor’s (including first professional): Continental United States — 186,500 185,346 125,863 109,546 103,889 55,865 76,954 81,457 69,998 New England _ 14,877 14,677 10,291 9,777 9,382 5,514 5,100 5,295 4,777 Middle Atlantic . 37,700 39,067 27,124 22,810 22,774 12,313 14,890 16,293 14,811 East North Central.. 38,616 37,915 26,633 23,468 22,047 12,147 6,058 15,148 15,868 14,486 West North Central .. 19,765 19,194 12,944 11,873 10,939 7,892 8,255 6,886 South Atlantic _ 22,299 23,270 15,808 11,951 11,772 5,898 10,348 11,498 9,910 East South Central.. 10,483 10,347 6,928 5,502 5,156 2,664 4,981 5,191 4,264 West South Central- 19,278 18,385 10,719 9,798 8,741 3,705 9,480 9,644 7,014 Mountain . . 6,617 6,146 3,419 3,980 3,480 1,386 2,637 2,666 2,033 Pacific - - 15,961 15,254 10,512 9,483 8,507 4,695 6,478 6,747 5,817 U. S. Service schools. _ 904 1,091 1,485 904 1,091 1,485 0 0 0 Master’s or equivalent: Continental United States . 26,731 24,648 13,414 16,508 14,179 5,711 10,323 10,469 7,703 New England . . 2,069 2,021 1,222 1,422 1,317 615 647 704 607 Middle Atlantic - 8,096 6,914 3,826 4,369 3,348 1,385 3,727 3,566 2,441 East North Central.. 6,236 6,142 3,478 3,907 3,610 1,387 2,329 2,532 2,091 West North Central.. 2,372 2,105 1,030 1,713 1,504 541 659 601 489 South Atlantic . 1,883 1,832 1,121 1,275 1,193 602 608 639 519 East South Central.. 1,098 1,054 542 637 479 154 461 575 388 West South Central- 2,225 1,972 880 1,317 1,001 313 908 971 567 Mountain . . 1,011 1,094 502 697 706 222 314 388 280 Pacific . . 1,741 1,514 813 1,171 1,021 492 570 493 321 Doctor’s: Continental United States . . 3,290 3,497 2,305 2,861 3,036 1,880 429 461 425 New England . 455 426 248 414 382 204 41 44 44 Middle Atlantic _ 872 873 663 706 718 514 166 155 149 East North Central.. 914 942 652 809 851 532 105 91 120 West North Central ._ 321 390 227 286 358 198 35 32 29 South Atlantic . 260 358 213 225 281 173 35 77 40 East South Central. . 53 67 44 41 54 35 12 13 9 West South Central.. 94 99 43 87 87 38 7 12 5 Mountain . . 27 28 18 25 22 14 2 6 4 Pacific . . ... 294 314 197 268 283 172 26 31 25 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1942-44 percent of the total number conferred — a larger proportion than in 1939— 40, when only 13,0 percent of the doctor’s degrees went to women. Although exact data have not been worked out to establish the point, it would appear from a casual inspection of the figures that the period from 1939—40 to 1943—44 witnessed no great changes in the geographic distribution of degrees. In other words, the decreases as respects total number of persons taking a given degree were more or less general over the Nation. There were some sharp changes, particularly in the smaller groups (as, for example, women taking the doctorate in the South Central States, men taking the master’s in the East South Central group, etc.), but in the groups large enough to exert an influence on the totals, the changes appear to have been very much in line with the changes reported for the entire Nation. TABLE XVI. — Decreases in number of earned degrees conferred by institu¬ tions of higher education , by level of degree and sex , 1939—40 to 1943-44 Item Degrees Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s Total: Number _ _ 60,637 32.5 13,317 49.8 985 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29.9 Men: Number _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . 53,681 49.0 10,797 65.4 981 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ 34.3 Women: Number _ _ . _ _ _ 6,956 9.0 2,520 24.7 4 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.9 Of the 18 professional fields in which first degrees are reported to this Office (table 11), increases occurred from 1939-40 to 1943-44 in 6 fields. In nursing the 1943-44 total is 146.6 percent of that for 1939-40. In veterinary medicine the percent is 134.3; in theology, 126.0; in dentistry, 122.0; in home economics, 108.0; and in medicine, 103.4. Of the professions graduating close to the same number in 1943-44 as in 1939—40, engineering reported 88.1 percent of the 1939-40 level and fine arts followed with 87.4 percent. Pharmacy stood next with 81.6 per¬ cent. No other profession reported graduating even 70 percent as many in 1943-44 as in 1939-40. Forestry dropped from 887 degrees in 1939-40 to 81 in 1943-44, the latter figure being but 9.1 percent of the former. These figures, it should be recalled, are concerned only with degrees granted by professional schools. Degrees in arts and sciences with majors in these fields (table 10) are not included. Honorary Degrees In 1943-44 a total of 1,292 honorary degrees were conferred, 146 of them by publicly controlled institutions and 1,146 by institutions under STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 19 private control. The ratio of honorary to earned degrees has increased since 1939-40, when it was the lowest since 1929—30. In 1943-44 one honorary degree was conferred for every 110 earned degrees. Among the institutions under the control of States and subdivisions thereof, 1 honorary award was made for every 473 degrees earned; among the private and denominational institutions the ratio was 1 honorary to every 63 earned degrees (table XVII). TABLE XVII. — Honorary and earned degrees conferred by' institutions of higher education , 1929—30 to 1943—44 Number of— Ratio of School year Institutions Honorary Earned honorary to conferring degrees degrees earned degrees conferred conferred degrees 1 2 3 4 5 1929-30... _ _ _ _ _ 941 1,347 139,752 1:104 1931-32 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 984 1,167 160,084 1:137 1933-34 . . . 1,002 1,280 157,279 1:123 1935-36 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,086 1,347 164,197 1:122 1937-38 _ _ 1,118 1,500 189,503 1:126 1939-40 1,154 1,452 216,521 1:149 1941-42 _ _ _ 1,186 1,619 213,491 1:132 1943-44.... . . . . . . . . 1,179 1,292 141,582 1:110 Publicly controlled institutions _ _ _ _ _ _ 331 146 69,121 1:473 Privately controlled institutions - - - 848 1,146 72,461 1:63 Income Moneys paid in at the business office of a modem institution of higher education are commonly classified into five groups, according to the purpose for which they are collected. These groups, known technically as funds are : Current funds, loan funds, endowment and other nonexpendable funds, plant funds, and agency funds. Current funds are those which are available for the current and more or less regularly recurring purposes of the institution, such as salaries, purchase of supplies or materials for immediate use, and like items, whether for educational or other purposes. These funds are usually sub¬ divided into (1) educational and general funds, (2) auxiliary enterprises and activities, and (3) other noneducational funds. Loan funds are those funds the principal of which may be loaned to students to assist them in defraying their college or personal expenses. Endowment and other nonexpendable funds are those funds the prin¬ cipal of which is to be invested as safely as possible and the interest only is available for the current purposes of the institution. Plant funds are those funds which have been or are to be invested in buildings, grounds, equipment, and other elements making up the physical plant of an institution. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 Agency funds are those merely left in the custody of the institution by various persons or organizations, but not expendable by the institution except on written authority from the person or organization concerned. In other words, they are funds on deposit with the institution’s treasurer. Since they are really not the property of the institution, it has not been the policy of the Office of Education to collect data on them. They are not included anywhere in the present compilation. To facilitate reporting and summarization, income of the loan, endow¬ ment, and plant funds are grouped together in the present report under the head of income for specifically designated purposes. In similar manner, the income for educational and general purposes and that for other non- educational purposes are thrown together, that for auxiliary enterprises and activities alone being kept separate. If all the income of higher education here summarized is added together to produce a measure of volume of business done, then we get for 1943—44: More than $92,000,000 for additions to the plant or to permanent and quasi-permanent funds; more than $860,000,000 for current educational and general purposes ; and more than $180,000,000 for auxiliary enterprises and activites; or a grand total of well over $1,130,000,000 to be spent for higher education in 1 year. In other words, higher education may now be regarded as one of the major industries of the Nation, with a budget running considerably over a billion dollars per year. This represents con¬ siderable expansion since 1939-40, when the total volume of business amounted to approximately $825,000,000. Income for Specifically Designated Purposes Of special interest is the fluctuation in income for specifically designated purposes since 1937-38, the first year when data were collected in such a manner as to make comparisons safe. In that year the total of all income so designated was reported at $107,847,308. The 1937-38 total was divided into $58,263,888, or 54.0 percent, for plant additions (new buildings, grounds, equipment, etc.), and $49,583,420, or 46.0 percent, for additions to permanent funds (endowment, student loan funds, annuity funds, and other nonexpendable funds). In 1939-40 the total of specifically designated income was $107,221,158, of which $62,703,474, or 58.5 percent, was for plant additions, and $44,- 517,684, or 41.5 percent, was for increase of permanent funds. In 1941-42 the total amount of specifically designated income was re¬ ported at $68,606,891, which was 64.0 percent of the 1939-40 total. Of the 1941—42 total, $30,096,440, or 43.9 percent, was for plant additions, and $38,510,451, or 56.1 percent, was for increase of permanent funds. In 1943-44 the total amount of specifically designated income was $92,- 275,288, which was 86.1 percent of the total for 1939—40 and 149.1 per¬ cent of that for 1941-42. Of the 1943-44 total, $22,586,984, or 24.5 percent, STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 21 was for plant additions, and $69,688,304, or 75.5 percent, was for increase of permanent funds. Whether this fluctuation in income of this type is symptomatic of a long¬ term trend of irregularity or is merely the result of adjustments to meet the war situation cannot be determined from the data at hand. When the data from 1939-40 and subsequent years are analyzed by geographic region1 as well as by purpose, certain other fluctuations are apparent. Thus, in 1941-42 income for plant additions ranged from 25.3 percent of the 1939-40 total in the Mountain States to 74.2 percent in the Middle Atlantic States; the average for the Nation at large was 48.0 percent. In the same year income designated for additions to permanent funds totaled 86.5 percent of the 1939-40 norm for the Nation at large, TABLE XVIII. — Income for specifically designated purposes , non-Federal* institutions of higher education , 1939—40 to 1943-44 Geographic division Amounts Percent of 1939-40 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental ALL SPECIFICALLY DESIGNATED FUNDS United States _ $107,221,158 $68,606,891 $93,275,288 64.0 86.1 New England.. - - - 15,177,320 8,615,666 13,925,567 56.8 91.8 Middle Atlantic . . 16,482,148 11,296,980 12,925,732 68.5 78.4 East North Central - - 23,090,140 14,361,691 18,696,091 62.2 81.0 West North Central . . . 9,050,891 6,950,631 6,924,672 76.8 76.5 South Atlantic ... . . . 18,205,700 13,696,779 11,997,807 75.2 65.9 East South Atlantic _ 5,121,170 2,226,033 2,569,670 43.5 50.2 West South Atlantic. - - - - 7,078,182 4,137,500 16,012,924 58.5 226.2 Mountain _ 3,467,488 1,011,782 1,241,236 29.2 35.8 Pacific . - . . 9,548,119 6,309,829 7,981,589 66.1 83.6 Continental FOR PLANT ADDITIONS United States _ $G2, 703,474 $30,096,440 $22,586,984 48.0 36.0 New England . . . . 5,377,531 1,370,550 1,365,240 25.5 25.4 Middle Atlantic _ 5,535,322 4,106,769 3,018,330 74.2 54.5 East North Central . . 13,824,547 7,517,371 5,556,726 54.4 40.2 West North Central . - 6,448,600 3,249,285 1,267,391 50.4 19.7 South Atlantic - - 14,330,577 6,801,777 3,981,267 47.5 27.8 East South Central - . . - - - 1,891,099 1,189,074 952,972 62.9 50.4 West South Central . - - - . 5,313,606 2,829,954 1,686,801 53.3 31.7 Mountain - - - 3,243,476 819,922 914,774 25.3 28.2 Pacific . . . . . 6,738,716 2,211,738 3,843,483 32.8 57.0 Continental FOR ADDITIONS TO PERMANENT FUNDS United States _ _ $44,517,684 $38,510,451 $69,688,304 86.5 156.5 New England _ - . 9,799;789 7,245,116 12,560,327 73.9 128.2 Middle Atlantic _ _ 10,946,826 7,190,211 9,907,402 65.7 90.5 East North Central _ - 9,265,593 6,844,320 13,139,365 73.9 141.8 West N orth Central _ _ _ _ 2,602,291 3,701,346 5,657,281 8,016,540 142.2 217.4 South Atlantic- - - 3,875,123 6,895,002 177.9 206.9 East South Central . . 3,230,071 1,036,959 1,616,698 32.1 50.1 West South Central _ - 1,764,576 1,307,546 14,326,123 74.1 811.9 Mountain _ _ 224,012 191,860 326,462 85.6 145.7 Pacific _ _ _ _ 2,809,403 4,098,091 4,138,106 145.9 147.3 *Not including U. S. Service schools. lFor list of States by geographic region, see table IX, pages 9 and 10. 720421 0—47 - 4 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 with regions varying from 32.1 percent in the East South Central region to 177.9 percent in the South Atlantic (an adjacent region). In like manner, in 1943-44 income for plant additions stood at 36.0 percent of the 1939—40 total for the Nation at large, with the regions | ranging from 19.7 in the West North Central to 57.0 in the Pacific region. Additions to permanent funds rose to 156.5 percent of 1939-40 for the Nation at large, with regional variations from 50.1 in the East South Central to 811.9 in the West South Central (an adjacent region). This unusual increase in the West South Central region, it should be noted, is largely due to receipts of something over $11,000,000 for endowment at one institution in 1943-44, contrasting with only a little more than $1,000,- 000 reported by the same institution in 1939—40. Educational and General Income The income of institutions of higher education available for educational and general and for other noneducational purposes amounted to $863,- 653,882 in 1943-44 (table XIX). This figure which did not include the income of the United States Coast Guard, Military, and Naval Academies was 53.4 percent greater than the $563,098,683 reported by non-Federal institutions for 1939-40. It is very evident that a large part of this unusual increase is traceable to appropriations by the U. S. Government to various non-Federal institutions for instructional or research work directly con¬ nected with the war. It is just as evident, however, that not all of it is so traceable, but that much of it is the result of increased interest in education all along the line. It is clear that this great increase was quite general so far as geographic j spread over the Nation is concerned. The 1943-44 total for the Nation I is 153.4 percent of that for 1939-40. Corresponding percents by divisions range from 126.4 percent in New England to 224.5 in the Pacific States. TABLE XIX. — Educational and general income 1 of institutions of higher education \ by division , 1939—40 to 1943—44 Geographic division Amount Percent of 1939-40 1939-40 1941-42 1943-44 1941-42 1943-44 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States . . New England . . Middle Atlantic. . . . . . East North Central . . West North Central . South Atlantic . . . East South Central . . . . West South Central . Mountain . . Pacific . . . $563,098,683 $618,106,388 $863,653,882 109.8 153.4 57,508,119 120,784,544 114,465,551 61,777,852 61,399,505 29,282,101 45,552,253 20,162,087 52,166,671 61,881,286 129,404,957 128,017,117 65,626,646 69,271,459 31,860,357 49,094,927 22,603,501 60,346,138 72,670,268 160,368,732 180,467,631 92,944,231 94,929,782 43,987,598 66,966,369 34,221,831 117,097,440 107.6 107.1 111.8 106.2 112.8 108.8 107.8 112.1 115.7 126.4 132.8 157.7 150.4 154.6 150.2 147.0 169.7 224.5 1See table XX for items included in educational and general income. *Not including U. S. Service schools. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 23 In the West North Central States (where the 1939—40 income was almost the same as that for 1929-30) the increase since 1939—40 has been 50.4 percent ; very little below the national average increase for this same period. Percentage analysis. — The income of higher educational institutions for educational and general and for noneducational purposes2 comes from three main types of source: internal sources, philanthropic sources, and public or governmental sources. Internal sources include student fees for educational and similar purposes, sales and services of instructional depart¬ ments and related activities, and miscellaneous sources (such as rent of auditoriums, interest on current funds, etc.). Philanthropic sources include gifts, grants, donations, etc., from private individuals or organizations of a voluntary or nonpublic type, bequests, and other contributions of this type intended for current use (present philanthropy), and earnings of endowment and other nonexpendable funds (the outcome of past philan¬ thropy). Public sources include appropriations, tax levies, and other con¬ tributions from the United States Government, State governments, and from city, county, district or other local governments. Over the years up to the outbreak of World War II there was a grow¬ ing tendency for institutions of higher education to look to students and to private philanthropy as means of support and to depend in only second¬ ary fashion on contributions from the public treasury. Thus in 1939-40 student fees amounted to 35.7 percent of the total educational income of all institutions of higher education, to 19.1 percent of the total for all publicly controlled institutions, and to 52.9 percent of that in institutions under private control. These appear to have been the peak percentages for this source. In the same year philanthropy reached a peak of 19.9 percent for all institutions, 4.1 percent for publicly controlled institutions, and 36.2 per¬ cent for those under private or sectarian control. With the outbreak of hostilities, however, and the resultant utilization by the Government of the facilities of institutions of higher education for defense purposes, the scene changed materially. In 1941-42 income from student fees was slightly higher in actual amount than it was in 1939—40, but its relative importance decreased from 35.7 percent of the total for the earlier year to 32.6 percent in the later (considering all non-Federal insti¬ tutions as a whole). In 1943—44 this same source of revenue decreased in amount, yielding less than $155,000,000 as contrasted with $201,000,000 two years earlier. Its relative importance naturally decreased in similar fashion — to 17.9 percent of the 1943-44 total. In like manner, private philanthrophy has decreased in relative im¬ portance from 19.1 percent of the 1939—40 total to 17.0 percent of that for 1941—42 and to 8.5 percent of that for 1943-44. Public sources have, of course, increased in importance from 36.6 percent in 1939—40 to 59.1 per- *These purposes are defined In the section entitled Expenditures, pages 31-35. TABLE XX. — Percentage analysis of educational and general income of non-Federal 1 institutions of higher education , by source, 1939—40 to 1943-44 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 Privately controlled institutions T CO o 10 05 OO© £.8 CO 1-H 28.1 4.7 3.2 10.0 16.1 35.8 2.0 .1 1941-42 as 1,023 $295,501,129 100.0 CO OO CO tONH oi id c4 csi cy this Office of pertinent, data from reports of I lie institutions to their governing bodies or to Stale denominational organizations in higher education. In some few oases estimates were made for individual institutions whose reports failed to arrive; and in n li 1 1 other eases it was necessary to use data supplied for the 1041 42 survey. The net result of all these efforts on the part of the Office to collect Information Is that out of the 1,742 institutions of higher education listed by this Office in 1048 lit, data arc here summarized for 1,(150, or 1)4.7 percent. These institutions are scattered over the States in varying num¬ bers; two Stales (New York and Pennsylvania) having 101 each, one (California) having !>U—44 STATISTICS OF illOHKK KIMJOATION T | - 3 *- tftf 5 r» 'A ii gg •* » * jj 5 & 13 P 88 ile e P o-i T 3:U S3 £2 3 | 8*5 5 ! 3 <* 4 *• [ r- <7i 15 %3 ^ »(L € grf 8“* ? 1 «v l 77 fM UT>»0 8® | ll I J ■•■ Iss i ■£ 'i ~~ * 5 4 m 'i 1 :, a ; T "* f • B i'g 1 I§ If. 7. 3 <7. 2 a* 0> la : 5 f M \ P 8 w I'&m m ? - I 1 ^ , t & : 2 : !'" \ £ 1 t $ i » t t • t • i > * 4 4 > t t 4 si •** 1 : 5 3 : 2 : X « « : : : g : | i : ?1 | - £ ^ ^ 1 |j \ \ .1 ll || f t 4 i i i i i t • • 4 4 4 4 » t • t t * t • :i e? $ • i 4 * t i • 4 $ 1 y£ 1 i # i « 4 4 1 * < i t t t • 4 4 ♦ « 1 1 * » 4 4 4 4 $ • || 4 t 4 i t 4 4 4 4 4 t i 4 4 • 1 t 1 y,£ | : : ! J :4 1 :: i|:|: II || if i * • /S 2 k x 1 i i inn i i J *ibi ,J 1MJ ” illP 37 ll £ 2 i l , S A * J f! | It 5? i] 11 If 12 i * i l*f Mil I!1 i Ui min! TABLE 2. — Staff, students 1, and degrees in institutions of higher education , 1943—44 and 1941-42 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 I o § i o o H hJ k t a £ 1941-42 total 13 1,104 099*89 49,973 18,687 671,879 399,683 272,196 177,312 70,974 106,338 553,442 167,437 386,211 199,671 186,540 26,957 15,463 11,494 * CO E Total c* 1,061 69,382 49,273 20,109 455,565 168,906 286,659 176,118 64,296 111,822 380,840 115,833 348,324 150,470 197,854 17,350 8,361 8,989 Teachers colleges and normal schools 33 775 269 506 5,531 466 5,065 5,393 599 4,794 4,367 1,181 00 CO CT> oj ^ l Universities, colleges, and professional schools 10 1,028 68,607 49,004 19,603 450,034 168,440 281,594 170,725 63,697 107,028 376,473 114,652 II 1C 00 CO 150,421 197,735 17,350 8,361 8,989 CO § 1 Q 1 § i o o 1 1941-42 total at 616 65,477 46,278 19,199 732,111 418,876 313,235 249,537 100,821 148,716 626,923 211,633 332,843 179,783 153,060 OO oo 11,537 6,681 7 CO a> Total ao 589 65,069 44,521 20,548 421,952 140,008 281,944 CO 1 69,585 130,631 352,350 135,238 262,293 104,765 157,528 10,767 5,562 5,205 Teachers colleges and normal schools - 223 10,011 4,446 5,565 68,848 8,151 60,697 58,552 6,913 51,639 60,667 23,047 13,530 »h oa »o r^ t'-i- Oa CO o* co o> Universities, colleges, and professional schools to CO CD CO 55,058 40,075 14,983 353,104 131,857 221,247 141,664 62,672 78,992 291,683 112,191 II § OO 35 95,014 153,749 10,755 5,559 5,196 All institutions 1941-42 total U5 1,720 134,137 96,251 37,886 1,403,990 818,559 585,431 426,849 171,795 255,054 1,180,365 379,070 719,054 379,454 339,600 1C N 27,000 18,175 as Total 1,650 134,451 93,794 40,657 877,517 308,914 568,603 376,334 133,881 242,453 733,190 251,071 610,617 255,235 355,382 28,117 13,923 14,194 Teachers colleges and normal schools W 256 10,786 4,715 6,071 74,379 8,617 65,762 63,945 7,512 56,433 65,034 24,228 13,698 O OO O cr, °o oo Oi CO l ^ CO CT> Universities, colleges, and professional schools N 1,394 123,665 89,079 34,586 803,138 300,297 502,841 312,389 126,369 186,020 668,156 226,843 596,919 245,435 351,484 28,105 13,920 14,185 Item vH All institutions reporting . . 1 Staff (full-time equivalent) — Total.. . - ... .. . . . Men.. . . . . Women . . . . . . Resident college enrollment— Regular session only: Total.. _ _ Men.. . . . . . . Women _ _ _ _ _ Summer session (1943 and 1941) — Total _ _ _ Men _ Women _ _ _ Third week of fall term (men and women). ... _ _ Students enrolled first time in any college (men and women) _ Arts and sciences— Undergraduate: Total _ Men . . . Women _ _ _ Graduate: Total . . Men _ _ _ Women _ _ STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 39 'Enrollment data for 1943-44 are for civilian students only. TABLE 2. — Staff , students1, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1943—44 and 1941—42 — Continued Privately controlled institutions 1941-42 total .. to 1— 1 sTN » [AL SL 1 o . CT3 IO ^ ^ O^(N- cocqcoo5oo towow r-H r-T r-H r-H CO 05 r-T HHHH 1 03 N e* «© 03 HI ^ fD rf< CO O ^ocowo (NOOIOCDO 05 r-< CO CO*^kOOOO Ol ^ CO tD »D> to >-0 ‘O H (t^OO 05COO>CO TJHOCMCO (N»0 00(NCq C5 (DON »h N - co *rt< co»ooo«oo rH N CO CO CO ^ kO rH OJNtOCD CJOOCOHH COCOCDNCO CO TflNOJ COC0O5Tt0 kO 05 05^00 t- T»r *0 0 r-H r-T 05 kOt^COCO r-Tof 05 OOIOhV kO J 19 tn hi oo h? ms OOCONN ONrHOd C0C0t>»O5C0 kO r- 05 l>- 05 00 05 05 00 rH N CO CO O) 10N05HI0 O 05 O 05 05 CO O r-H 0 00 0 0105 OTJ4 05 10 05 (N rH (N CQOO T-HC0 05C0 05 O r-H O H CONH kOr-T ^^t^o5 ^os^no^ Orj^oo5cq CO r-T r-H H* 05 r-H 05 rH lO CO CO Ol 05 CO COCO 05 tO r-T ^ Men | MS hi to © © 93 tt 4,258 693 1,732 10,002 4,154 2,175 938 4,087 3,318 5,996 344 19,266 14,229 7,682 2,291 4,263 4,812 1,570 5,117 13,005 8,248 3,956 1,196 9,306 1,134 Arts and sciences1 Graduate Women HI 2 rH hT 05 05 CO 05 05 CO r-H 05 05 CO 05 ■*< lO r- 05 05 CO CO r-H Ttt 00 ^ Hti lOH lO Tfi CO 05 r-H vf< 'rtH CO -rt< 05 05 05 ^ CO 05 r-H COCO TH to r-H 00 r-H 05 HH GO 05 CO 05 tO M N © to 00 05 00 05 05 tOrfNOO 00 05 05*0 05 CO 00 itON CO 00 1>- CO HH CDN 00 05 05 CO COCOHOO 00^ i *0 O NH04^ r-H r-H 05 CO CO 05 CO 1 05 CO -^rH CO Undergraduate 1 Women M N 00 W IS MS » 4,256 1,122 2,493 40,179 4,355 2,804 234 6,269 4,186 9,101 1,265 23,683 6,524 6,502 5,960 5,861 5,114 1,516 4,218 13,031 15,898 7,582 3,947 10,811 836 a 11 MS to M5 MS (W CO’HiOtOCO rH 05 00 CO *0 N^05 00CD NC0 05005 COHHC5CO O lO Cl OS rji CDNOOOS"^ 05000000 CO O ^ CN OS CO CO ^ ^ t>- oooo r-H cot^ *0 i-H-^cq ocoocq*^ O5C5 00kCi>^ oqoookoco r-T 05C005 ko cor-H^T i-h tC co Th 05 *o co oT co t^Tr-ToT 05 r-H r-H Fresh¬ men (first year of college work) women 19 r- © MS SO 3,698 1,259 2,400 29,040 2,902 3,298 146 3,944 2,040 4,761 1,082 12,239 8.193 4,435 3,990 3,670 4,728 1,164 3,523 9.193 8,881 5,173 2,697 8,322 1,137 Third week of fall term men and women © © © to to r- CO CO kO 05 05 CO r-H 05 05 05 Ort^kOkOOS rtNCOCOOO 05 05 O CO r-H OCdTf C lO lOHOOCOrtl rHoOOrjiN 05 r— ' CO Ol 05 rH CO OS Cl 00 NNkDOlC C5tJ4CO^iO rHCOOOCOrt OXNOSrJi 05 05“ HjT 00 00 kOkCCO 05 ^ |>T 0 05 O CO 05* 0" r-H r-T tfS kO 00 05 kO r-H rH »OHH HH rH CO CO rH rH Summer session 1943 1 Women 00 « MS H N HI W 5,473 745 2,876 12,747 5,016 1,703 102 4,819 3,307 5,654 453 17,139 5,580 6,759 5,466 4,940 3,696 608 2,207 3,904 9,856 6,327 3,569 8,576 1,507 a as s 133,881 05 CO CO CO 05 kCcOI>-05CO 00 OS CO W C5 OSrtCOOO OOCOOOON 05 O OO O CO 05 05 tO »C 05 CO <05 C5 Trr QO 000*00505 000500COO- 05_ CO NOW O *00*0 MHCDNH CDOOkOCS^ -rf r-H CM 05 05 rHOOOvf 05* CO1-HO5 05 CO CO 05 HH rH 05* kOCOr-H-^r Regular session 1943-44 1 Women «o to 3 oo w MS 8,075 2,343 3,523 46,187 7,028 4,738 323 10,561 5,056 10,749 1,787 41,307 11,559 10,421 8,205 8,454 9,232 2,221 7,355 20,780 23,343 13,171 4,987 16,222 2,284 fl 05 s tt» 398,914 N h CO kO 00 05 05 t>- OS O H 05 05 kO 05 kO Tfl rH^^GOOS 05 CO O CO rH Cl OS N 00 Or^NCDH COOOOSNO COI^COt^CO rf GO qq^ 00505c0t-- COON O r-H iOOSNWN - 05 kftOOCOCOCO CO CO 05 r-H 05 05 OS r-H 05 05 r-H to CO CO ^ -rt* CO r-H r-H 05 CO lO 05 *0 r-H State or outlying part of the United States - Continental U.S . . . Alabama _ Arizona _ Arkansas _ California _ Colorado _ Connecticut _ Delaware _ Dist. of Columbia Florida . . Georgia . Idaho . . Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts _ Michigan _ Minnesota . . Mississippi _ Missouri . . Montana _ STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 47 a 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 S 05 1 Q a ►a g4_ CO 3 N ! 8 r- « 1 M ! m O W 1 r - -<*< co ifD CO CO CO CM co o c 3. £» © oo M © M •COOQO iN ^ CJ U3 IO •O iO *0 CO CM CM OJ 552 1,136 70 1,660 631 570 458 1,096 1,132 231 253 351 1,170 1,691 552 878 05 Z B B ll: 3s Women © O © © © 5S CO 50 CO 05 t-H 03 VO 1 - — »o CO CO iO CO 40 iboo r 973 47 2,761 779 IfJ§§ gipi 8,407 6,094 1,916 3,279 519 o p .£j :: UP 5z; o S © *« {M © N M OONHN r— cm cm co *0 Tt« CM^t'- r-T WO*H CO 216 127 — || SI ||1 8SS i5 5,547 5,782 567 1,574 268 p 0 i Women 18 © e£ CM ^ O CO O CO CO CM CO CO CO r-4 • > ,-r ; S3 c a O O IS 17 C3 a •<* U3 OU-C C4CO ! CM ■*« — 'CM ^ CO 40 ' Sc5 IS is- 5 6 p 0 1 Women © GO © 2,944 1,138 1,036 2,411 1,899 CO CO Tt< 40 TO *-H Cl 05 821 1,216 553 4,332 5,578 3,193 2,106 2,248 3,153 646 1,621 1,886 8,344 4,907 1,032 3,131 1,026 Cj a P c p S3 n® . 05 OO O^CO CDU-CO ^ T-H CO CO 1,415 883 56 3,291 4,967 327 7,544 9,953 7,350 2,159 3,500 2,662 1,503 2,988 148 5,777 3,370 1,196 2,938 1,105 p 0 a o 14 © 05 05 CO 40 05 40 »— « »0 40 OO CO t-H ' 8 21 694 258 8 46 14 B 55 (3 S p 'o a S3 S ■H 50 40 10 18 12 8 748 66 . CO 20 7 CM CM CO • t-H O B "0 c3 -2 p 0 T3 ce 1 Women v~< GO e* i« r» ns 1,882 1,122 1,289 31,350 2,067 C5Tt< CM CO 40 CM 1,947 4,370 777 5,917 2,088 2,039 3,369 2,616 2,275 415 1,135 543 11,834 3,388 2,269 2,628 688 <3 0 B 13 c o S3 •0 p Men - US © © CM ’ — i t— < » 40 . 40 *-H 771 2,569 566 6,341 4,458 2,884 2,305 2,118 3,316 362 1,662 331 7i940 3,740 1,118 2,785 514 i o -4“* p 1 W omdn “Vi GO Hi K9 © e>? 05 00 00-^0 40 CO O CO ^ 40 ^ co t-^co T-4 00 TO CO C ON' CM i 330 443 100 829 422 602 545 372 603 130 284 295 919 628 489 522 117 Men Ml w MS CO CO 1-H ^ O — 05 ^-4 O CO 40 TO CO -rH CO C5rt< O < CO 40 CM ' Nth « 622 793 320 2,244 1,314 1,365 1,220 795 944 218 826 345 2,490 1;211 771 915 313 Sai^jodai suoi? -njijsuj jo aaquin^j N s» so lit 05 40 CO TO t-H OCMCM^OO ©>©©*50 OMOOM 31 18 18 18 8 , State or outlying part of the United States - 1 ! 3 1 :£g£ Id o Alabama _ Arizona . . Arkansas. . . California . . Colorado. . . Connecticut _ Delaware... . Dist, of Columbia juonaa . . Georgia . . Idaho _ Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . . Kentucky . Louisiana. . . Maine Maryland _ Massachusetts... Michigan . Minnesota - Mississippi . Missouri _ Montana _ STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 49 tO i O O O e005t0 COOi OOCOCDN Tf CO — ' ^ OO tO tO — ' ■*< ' tO CO tO NIOO-5 lO ® IUJCOOCO O! M IN lO IS >-i to ■>*< — i n® t«-t-^ooioo itorj-«cqo:oo us | t-T ^-T^jT ; co -^jT to V CO «— 1 CNCC <04 CO O t© 05 CO 1 OO •*** CO to 00 CO 1 1 to 04 TF .05 to CO — 1 CO — < .1 CO 1 — 1 04 « 1 1 1 2,111 35 354 2,513 565 11,280 3,287 920 9,445 7,712 2,539 4,690 511 1,072 587 3,220 5,838 737 347 2,752 1,859 1,970 4,685 306 0 < i'* n s» 1 O > r*» co • to — IN05000 CO OO CO 05 CO CO rf to 05 05 10*0 0^00 COh-OO-'f — * 04 tO 00 04 N- Q0TJ1OCOO5 CO — < Ol CO 04 tOCOOOO OC f- 04 tO to 05C0C0 C2 tq Tf ^ CO to r-'- to cq CO — ^ CO CO 04 CO — 1 04 oc oT —7 vH O-TcO— 7©05 04 rf CO— * —7 —''of tj7t-7o4 — 7 to If r- « 1 a c 0 ' — 4 0 74 • OO 05 ' CO OO — ^ 04 lO CO ^ CO 04 O CO CO CO OO to ^ 04 tF CO OO CO 04 O 04 — • — « 'CO N^HtOO CO 00 — 1 © — ' — 1 to CO to — * ' 04 04 CO — < — 04 — < t* N • * 02 CO ' N^to ' -rf ON00 04^ 04 N- tO t— CO CO CC rt< CO OO tO»OCOtO CO — 1 — « ' — ' t^04C005t>« to OO — ' — i to to 04 tF — — ' — ' ' 04 to to T-t CO — ' — ' 04 1 1 ! i O CO 1 » — i O rf © 04^0N^H — <0000004 N00c0»0 ^OOON CO t'- t- O0 00 NNWCON t00002t0>0 04 CO to — 05 OO CO C5 OO C4 04 t>» r- cqtooo 05 © coo 04 co r^o4^tooo cq*q~q— < -7 —7 CO rf 04 —7—7 04 04 04 CO ^—^04 04 ■— < , M l N 32 O tO 05 Crfu-OO r- i i oor^co 'CO 04 CO to 04 to to OO CO CO CO "f CO 02 02 OO — < o co r^C5t^ ' — < TfCOOOCO tO C 04 ^ 04 t- rF ^F C4 CO ooocot^ — • 04 • r- O4cqoor-eq cq co to qq C4tq-^04i>^ O4oocq —7 | 00 04“ 04“ —7 — 7*-7 —7 y-Z tC—7 co -7 — r co 1 1 c in T ^ i if O 02 GO 35 00 G5 Ol ■H ION 05 CO y—* OO r— O tO — ^ ^ CO C75 ^ ^ OO O C5 O Tf CO O 0 02 05 00 OC 05 — i C5 CO tOCOtOC5C5 CO ^ to CO 04 —too— '05 to — 1 -f to co —• to to co — ^O©tqoq cqtqojcqto tq— c^cotq tqcqo cq —7 —7 C5 co —7 to 04* — 7 04 04 —7© —7 co co — 7 co © r ^ c G « 100 544 1,238 O0 to to to 04 04 OO CO 05 O CO OO W CO COrf NCOC5 *rf 04 N» 04 00^05^ — — 05 o to co co cq co co © tf 02 — « — ^00 > 04 ^ co — < r— coco 05 00 cqc5t^cqo4 tq^ ^cocq corf coo r*7 T-^CO— 7 0 0504*“ 05 CO r-To tO — 7 ^jTcOrfT 05 1 sh 1 »l rs co to to 0 — toco 74 — ' CO —7 2,725 115 607 1,179 1,113 7,010 4,459 1,492 5,091 4,108 834 3,723 268 1,671 1,719 2,033 10,753 1,111 398 2,971 2,745 2,337 5,258 579 lO cn 24 768 2,653 i O — « CO CO — — « O IOOOIOON tOtONrfOO 04 04 Is— 05 T— ^ 04 04 05 rfiOCOtOCO to — ' O CO O cc CO 02 CO GO CJrf 002 ' 05 co co 04 CD cq CO co cq rfoooqcqco ©tfco — ^ 0402© — < to— 7 CO of -7 <0 —7 — — ! 0 l 1 C4 04 04 ' CO to cc ' to 02 to CO 05 — 4 to 04 to to N 04 to to -rf 04 co c© co COCO— 'CO t^04rj<0— ' tOOCOC5tO OOCOONtO tO OO 04 CO — « 04 00 C5 — O co — ' co 04— 'r^r-cq C5C5cocq05 or- 04 OO ootqcqto co -7 04 — 7 cot^— 7^j7co co to co «^7ooco co cocot>7 co —4 —* 3,615 oa 40 1,031 2,475 ps§§ pin m* iiPi up 1 I s 1 N F!§ l2SS§ sills SIssS I1SSI Isgs —7 —7 ' i ! i=§s§ ||l|l Slssl llssl. Sip § UJ 0 0 f — « jHCOOOOCO lOONNN NONfO ^ ^ M II 1’ Nebraska . . Nevada - New Hampshire.. New Jersey . New Mexico . New York.. . North Carolina... North Dakota . Ohio _ Oklahoma . Oregon _ Pennsylvania - Rhode Island.... South Carolina... South Dakota.... Texas688!!"""" Utah . . . Vermont . Virginia _ Washington . West Virginia - Wisconsin . IT. S. Service Academies . 1 i \ !B; Aiassa - Canal Zone. . Hawaii _ Puerto Rico . PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 Other enrollments Resident noncollegiate pupils Girls R 17,598 ooo3 ^ 05 ^ i CM 00 - i rH © - 05 05t^Tf4 t>^Tt4^©05 OOrHO^© r-H©rHi-4© cdodrd td cd cd cdi-^cdcd*^ rdi-doo dd g s Rj 150,470 THTtlWlOlH O CO ^ CM CM «^oo© OO OO © 05 © !>. OO © © ©©OO©© CO © i— 1 1 © 05 HOO o CM ©©©©© 0^-4^ CO cd cd ededed h cd edooed rdi-d^d th Fresh- men( first year of college work) ■ \l 3 * 10 115,833 OCONNCO NOOCOOOCq CO CO CM 05 kO 3,630 645 2.277 311 5,430 3,364 3,071 1.277 1,541 1,687 574 2,194 8,185 3,184 2,073 882 5,262 171 1,092 Third week of fall term men and women SB © 00 © oo « 00505CDCO 05 ^ 00 »HHOOO)CO rjuO iO CD Cl 05 © CO © © CO CO © ^ WCOCMHO CMOJCO^N OOCOCO^ TJ4 05 OO © CO CO CO © CM CO CO © GO © CO rH o O N COkOOOO^OO ©00 05©© cd rd © cd © ^dcd© ©©©cd**d ©rHcdaTNd cohh cd H i-4 CO 05 t— « 1 Regular session Summer session 1943-44 ; 1943 a 09 a o £ go N GO S GO CO 05 1^. CO 05 N- © © 05 iHNWCOOO N-©©t^© © © -Tt1 05 © N’t COCNN ©05©© COiHNOO hONNUD © 05 CO ^ kO-^t 1-ikOO) CO CM ^ co ^ OO CO kO ^ CM 05 CO 05 ^$4 N- © ^ 00 *h oh 4jihh cd cd cd t-T th t-T cd 05 i-d Women Men | r* «© © e» h © 0»OHH05 O O 05 h o OHOOOOO -rH^ts-O^ NTtkfJON kOCOHHH 05 CO © 05 © N GO CO N © TtNOOOO HO5CMCM00 © 05 i— < © N- kflcON NMO rH CM ©05©C0*H © t^i-4 CO © rd cd kd cd nh cd 40 © US CO so GO N 3.157 1,204 11,369 2,992 2,970 1 9,647 2,258 5,124 488 30,849 5,739 5,108 2,701 3,425 3,719 1.157 4,536 18,321 4,839 4,719 1,678 10,364 542 1,890 1 © us 168,906j 05 h CO CM N- OOCO’-COOCO ©CO©N-N- ^HNC0C0^4 TJ4COCOW5N COONHH kOrtOH^ C5 T—« CO © Tt« N- CO < N- 05 CO i—h Oi 05 CO ©cocoes© ©05 cm cm cq co t^oo co ^4 rococo n^cocoi-h© rd tdwH cd cd cd adrdrd rd cd ededed rd cd Staff (reduced to full-time basis) Women H 05 © tH © Oi 262 138 1,006 168 350 t^©CO© © © CO t*— 05 © CO ^ © 05 ©©Tt4 00© OO © -^4 CO ©©^00^4 05 © 05 © N- CO OO © rJ4 © TjCHit ^ co ^4 05 CO © ^ 05 05 CO 1-4 00 rH Men | M « r» w «s NO-MkOO 00©©©© © © © © 00 © -«*4 00 ^ CO kO CM lO GO © t— 05 ^*4 00 © 05 T*4 rH ©-^ CO © OOt^OO’-H© 00 1-4 05 TJ4 © CO i—< © 05 © 1-^05 © ©00©0505 00 h 00 © © kfjHN © cd rH rd TfT rd 1-d Suijjodoj suoij -njijsuj jo aaquinsj M 1,061 NrHQON© i—4 OO © CM CO © CO CM CM © iHOONOd © i-4 © CO CO HH-t rH t-4 CO NWCOC5C5 rH 1-4 © CM C5 1— 4 CO 1-1 State or outlying part of the United States iH Continental U.S _ ! Alabama.. . Arkansas _ _ California _ Colorado . . Connecticut _ Delaware _ Dist. of Columbia Florida . . Georgia _ Idaho _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ _ Kansas _ Kentucky . Louisiana - Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts _ ; Michigan... _ Minnesota.. . Mississippi _ Missouri _ Montana - Nebraska- . - STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 51 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 5. — Staff of institutions of higher education, by type of work , by State, 1943—44 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING Short Govern¬ ment contract courses (regular and I 206 49 42 1,141 157 287 17 86 110 44 36 802 5 104 11 72 58 17.1 !§ S83S* Organized RESEARCH Other s U9 S^gS §S§28 ^323 “22^1 h i i Agricul¬ tural ex¬ periment station a| I £§£ is SS jo j -2322 5 j Extension service County, farm, home demon¬ stration; and club work ■i* Agricul¬ tural and home eco¬ nomics extension CO r» rf 32 ! 22SS3 S£2gS? SS22S t~1 r-4 jl|l s 1 66 28 63 1,511 63 138 7 38 17 22 6 278 92 15 45 7 58 9 79 105 203 226 21 221 9 Corre¬ spond¬ ence work 2 4 SSgKS >2S §§888 ! Summer session 1943 » pp! mm mi ipp General adminis¬ tration l»s|S g-=Sa ”§§!§ SssSS 1111s Total1 (excluding those employed in sum¬ mer session only) 1 & « i 3 SS1|1 lssll S|121 ISIgg IS11S g 3 1 o o |Is|| g§|l| s|||| §111 5,413 3,214 2,178 898 3,087 391 State or outlying part of the United States - i p Is “e a3 1 3 Arizona _ _ Arkansas . . California . Colorado _ _ _ Connecticut . . . Delaware... .. . . . District of Columbia _ Florida.. _ Idaho. . . Illinois _ _ Indiana _ Iowa . . . . Kansas.. . . . Kentucky . . Louisiana _ .. Maine ItfarvlnnH Massachusetts . Michigan. Minnesota... . . Montana . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 53 r=§2 =gfe£§ SgSSS S=S | ; " ; ; ! Mi : : : ! ! : 16 13 247 4 299 66 4 100 8 87 779 45 1 17 361 80 7 20 15 133" 1 8 8 = 828 888 8 8828 §S88 i 82 = = g£S 888 IS 8S2S8 gSSSg 8228 | s 88 2 = 888 2 82~ S8 = S8 S8223 8=22 § *8 87 35 190 26 1,527 29 12 !20 73 49 283 103 34 58 111 109 5 103 119 80 141 1 1 i; 126 19 55 16 112 82 117 145 5 51 17 48 80 411 90 18 8 18th i ! ^5 i j i ES11I lisp IgSsii 1§SI§ lsS“ i os £ 1 C e-i S ”88 88*88 88 82 2 = 8 | ” i is 8=2 i i s 2 S*8S2 28888 88882 £28=8 S8S2 i u i°°8 1,166 70 536 1,523 310 13,891 ^,ou» 420 5,474 1,440 1,003 7,706 454 1,091 456 1,693 4,157 632 473 2,275 1,369 782 2,390 117 847 1 19 15 106 319 isS5* SiSSI 2|S5S §§§§§ Sis* ! a 7 6 37 132 890 56 418 1,191 253 10,866 1,1** 302 4,144 953 714 6,167 351 717 317 1,107 2,882 481 353 1,513 998 517 1,730 89 847 s 12 9 69 187 S=I§S S5S|| SSSSS ||g2| 2SSS2 S s i=2 S-Si= ipsi ISSsi |pa| lsgs i 1 2 j~2 psp ||I|S Slip 5§SSf lip 3 1 16 22 216 374 Nebraska . Nevada . . . . New Hampshire . . New Jersey . . New Mexico . New York . . . iNorin Carolina— _ - North Dakota . . . - Ohio _ _ _ Oklahoma . . Oregon . . Rhode Island". ". 111111111111 South Carolina . South Dakota . . Utah _ _ _ Vermont . . . . Virginia . . Washington... . West Virginia. . . Wisconsin _ _ Wyoming.... - - U. S. Service Academies.... Outlying parts of the United States _ 1 1 : : N f i! HI TABLE 5. — Staff of institutions of higher education , by type of work , by State , 1943^44- B. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 Short Govern¬ ment contract courses (regular and summer) iH 1 184 49 42 P iG 2K r-s %% §£§§£ i i j Organized RESEARCH Other 40 1,876 35 6 5 191 49 22 . T 29 99 1 112 42 9 7 18 96 i i i i i ! i i Agricul¬ tural ex¬ periment station a 3,089 is; is i fegssg s§3§ p 1 144 164 76 78 33 Extension service County, farm, home demon¬ stration, and club work a 5,981 :§S - SSSS si-— Siigs Agricul¬ tural and home eco¬ nomics extension $3 1 is i 22S§3 §£288 s§-88 1 . HH ^ ; ; Extension class instruc¬ tion 2 1 iss '0$2S2§ USS® Corre¬ spond¬ ence work 3 1 tS 103 61 103 751 104 119 27 50 48 21 117 89 62 86 17 i g£§s§ Summer session 1943 © 31,083 II Is! §22sl sills SiSSS spsss Resident instruction2 Subcol- legiate (exclud¬ ing training school) © 1,076 is i*- i ; 21 25 6 75 38 51 30 7 75 5 168 16 2 Critic teachers cc s n SSSggS Collegiate profes¬ sional, and graduate r* 43,707 Islsl ISgl§ sails iiags sills CO csT-T^-h- ci-J Total (excluding duplicates) Women © I asggs §sssi -nii iisgi sassa 8 s 31,934 3SS33 alls! Sslgs SS8E8 04 -T C4-T General adminis¬ tration I S££S§ §2283 sgggg §S8ooE5 SSSSS Total1 (excluding those employed in sum¬ mer session only) Women M | 561 147 314 |1 sills Hill IISIS a i N i 1,006 348 718 |g §1-11 §|||| 1IS11 ||sss State or outlying part of the United States Continental United States.. Alabama . . .. Arizona.. . Arkansas . Colorado Delaware... . . District of Columbia _ Florida . . . . Idaho.. Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa . . Kentucky... . Louisiana _ _ Maine . . Maryland _ _ Michigan _ _ Minnesota . . . JKfc::::::::::::: Montana . STATISTICS OP HIGHER EDUCATION 55 r«a s§Ss" lisss ; ; |]!i i i i S i i~ igsws 2 i ' • 1 co 1 *— • • iii i i $ i-s i 8£i§ is is is S2SE5S |S|S i 2 iss ! is iss 2 SSsSSS ggssgg i a 40 11 26 20 24 35 210 1 31 76 11 54 24 64 133 18 19 52 27 47 74 16 § 2 isss is i * i i i ^2 i 3£S~S 3S2- i i i S i j is 2ss2£ is sas is s i is; i i"§si mm S5§gi iisss sn§ i 1 0 77 116 s i« is g*-® is is 6 El 8 9 S i is 2SSSS «§®2S £g£°°5 S832 i n i°°a 597 70 200 291 310 2,373 1,090 363 2,385 1,146 619 1,017 126 595 317 522 2,587 483 235 1,414 1,003 599 1,437 117 847 3 19 15 106 300 s-"§3 gsg|s §i§S2 sgssa gsss j s 7 6 37 123 §s§g§! pip Sls|| I||g| | s 12 9 69 177 S^SSS SS§2g SSmS5§ §S|2 | § isg Sa3Ss pill iSags S|aSI s§i§ ; i 2 isS !=SIi |p|l sllSI §§§§§ 1§P ail 1 16 22 216 359 i i i i i i i i i i i 1 l l i l 1 i i 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 l i l i 1 l l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i 1 i l l 1 1 i i i i i t i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !• 1' It • |i JjJii i i! N jj 111 gg gllj! If zzzoo ot 111 Outlying parts of the United States _ Alaska . uanai aone . . Hawaii . . . Puerto llico _ _ } only. 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 57 TABLE 6. — Miscellaneous types of enrollment in institutions of higher education , by control , by State , 1943—44 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 Training school2,* Senior or 4-year high 18 00 a ▼H 13,367 CO <41 Pi 946 (NOO COHlJI CO CO i-H • CM OO i O l>» • »o 1 ^ 05 t- 05 HIOS CO CM CO O 05 to to h* CM CM to CO 60 913 354 114 767 Junior high 17 <41 PS 00 7,045 OS Pi 09 773 18 S8 • 05 1 ONhh ! O to CO 1*- CM H (to Tf CO CM rH t*. ICO 1 OO h* CO © CO O CM h 05 U** i-H tO CO CM Elemen¬ tary 16 39,333 n e to to 4,306 1,871 1,190- 438 279 513 35 h to 05 i— i tO CO CO coonoo 50 U*. OO CO 05 O CO NCDOOOO O CO 05 CO OOOO f-H OO CO to OH to CO COHCOOO Resident noncollegiate (excluding training school2) Individ¬ ual in¬ struction 15 to os Pi pf 3,715 iH 00 US 00 Pi CO CO s-h CO ^ o • JO o l l i 1 1 CO O O' 1 • CO co 1 1 1 1 CM ! 1 CM i • oecond- ary 13 r- 00 s© to Pi US « Pi to Pi to to 9 Pi 00 CO to 1 i HCO 1 »0 ^ is CM Tt* i N O O 1 i CO OO 1 CM tO • < o 35 2,316 726 823 498 345 411 coh cotjhcococo to rH CO CO v-H CM CM OO tO to CM CM Short courses 1 Women « 24,970 to Pi r? 7,706 i COHlOOOCi 05 1 < cm co co o 05 > ’ ro cm rt< OO^QOCM OO CM CM 05 CM tO v- OO 2* 29 763 2,071 4,055 492 620 Men 32,707 f» US S5 •4? Pi 8,350 821 31 666 5,619 138 256 X) CO 05 r-H CO CM H CO 969 191 6 463 157 1,535 1 49 3,966 3,329 5,627 65 128 Nonresident noncollegiate J .8 X W Women _10 26,349 US N <* Pi w Pi Pi 1,920 • CM O Is** • •CO CM CM i i CM CM • j co ; J 05 COCONTff sH oo oo c oh to co CO CO i U- CO 1 t-H o 1 CO \ 497 Men CS 40,070 37,230 o -x 00 Pi 640 • 05 CM 1 to CO • 05 CO ! ^ • ^ 00 1 CM T*4 |C0*-H CM 00CM 1 COb- Ps— • tj< oo O 1 CM to • 05 CO ' CM • CM | CM i HP ' CM • i Correspondence Women 00 12,598 us £ 83 25 2,411 84 1 1 CO 1 Tf 1 ! ! ! Jo cm ^ to i i itoS 1-H OO l to • to CO 05 Men os r* os 00 5S OS GO Pi uo O 00 HOCO COrH . T* i CO i i i o i co o co r*. co • i-h iCM^O co i 1 05 05 996 f9 1 607 Nonresident collegiate Extension Women tO 96,491 tO N r* 0? r» us to i- P5 Pi 1,253 198 2,464 31,894 550 1,281 47 414 810 154 49 4,948 6,323 72 647 180 791 45 563 1,807 2,953 4,174 442 2,121 343 Men US 56,566 to to © to 13,533 177 108 900 21,673 618 249 127 285 78 14 7 2,865 10,414 596 261 22 235 11 102 614 757 1,853 61 1,183 45 ' Correspondence Women 52,059 47,800 os US Pi 4? 1,469 163 3,126 8,373 960 1 1 CO 1 • 1— « < 1 1 -H T*OCMi-Hi-H tHCO«N 35 OOOCMCOP** ^ CO COOJIONH CM O V-H TP CM ^ 05 05 CM NhOCJCO O0 O CM h i-H CM CM Men tO to N 1^ OS PS 37,416 2,310 793 65 2,218 4,203 1,139 OCON O CO CM 00 CO O O CO toco lO r-H to O to 00 05 CM CM CM rHNOOtON CO to CO i-H CO ^ 05 co CO 00 05 CO O to r-H CO OO 05 CM CO Special and unclas- 1 H3 Pi 62,888 34,070 28,818 71 133 73 6,322 471 1,069 6 920 222 291 160 3,197 683 230 1,188 336 913 37 1,452 4,256 6,404 55 61 973 175 State or outlying part of the United States - Continental United States . Publicly Controlled .. Privately Controlled. . Alabama - - Arkansas... . . . . California _ _ Colorado _ _ _ Connecticut. . . . Delaware.. _ uistnct oi uoiumDia . . . Florida . . \jreorgia _ Idaho _ _ _ Illinois- _ Indiana _ _ Iowa . . . . . Kansas . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana _ _ _ Maine _ _ Maryland. . Massachusetts . . . Michigan . Minnesota _ _ _ _ Mississippi. _ _ _ Missouri. . Montana.. . . STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 59 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 7. — Resident student enrollment in professional schools , including teacher-training institutions, by sex, 1943—441 Professional school Undergraduate Graduate Men Women Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States’ ... 290,934 198,309 17,137 13,977 Agriculture . . . . 4,096 554 887 90 Architecture . . . 652 764 43 10 Commerce _ _ _ 22,431 30,666 1,574 641 Dentistry. _ _ _ 10,012 147 108 3 Education . . . . 12,286 88,384 5,017 10,531 Engineering . . . . . 107,451 1,687 3,562 49 Fine arts . . . . . 1,345 6,421 33 88 Forestry _ _ _ 448 8 36 Home economics _ _ _ _ 36 17,558 1 372 Journalism _ _ _ _ 383 1,426 18 49 Law . . . 5,893 1,285 133 34 Library science _ _ _ _ 72 888 16 108 Medicine . . . . 25,382 1,626 1,180 158 Music . . . . . 1,166 7,008 150 344 Nursing . . . 48 17,860 2 355 Pharmacy . . . . 2,921 1,376 75 12 Theology . . . . . 12,243 805 1,783 81 Veterinary medicine . . . . 2,658 53 60 5 *607 institutions. includes enrollments in professional schools not listed below. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 61 TABLE 8. — Students graduated from teacher-training curricula , Item Men Graduates with specialization in teaching, by school type or level: Preschool . .... Kindergarten . .... Kindergarten-primary . 4 Primary . .... Intermediate . 55 Junior high . 64 Elementary . 303 Senior high . 1,553 Rural . 41 Graduates without degrees, by length of teacher-training curriculum: 3 years . 40 2 years . 71 1 year . 14 1943-441 Women 370 100 1,596 1,186 1,781 567 8,108 7,648 1,091 656 3,035 604 l028 institutions. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 9. — Specialization of graduates of institutions of higher education prepared to teach in selected fields , 1943-44^ Item Men Women Graduates with specialization in teaching certain subjects: Agriculture . 210 21 Commerce . 178 1,418 Home economics . • • • • 2,829 Industrial arts . 205 86 Mathematics . 115 316 Physical education . 232 972 Physical science . 150 285 Public-school art . 33 551 Public-school music . 123 1,131 Spanish . 18 201 Trades and industries . 76 106 Graduates with other specialization: Educational research . 3 13 School administration . 207 168 School supervision . 21 52 1377 institutions. TABLE 10. — Degrees conferred in arts and sciences by institutions of higher education , including teacher-training institutions9 by major subject. 1943-441 Item Men Women Total degrees in arts and sciences: Bachelor’s . 21,383 38,734 Master’s . 2,357 3,344 Doctor’s . 1,187 273 Bachelor’s degrees in arts and sciences with majors in: Agriculture . 69 2 Biological sciences . 2,245 2,377 Chemistry . 2,474 1,237 Classical languages . 163 265 Commerce . 840 1,927 Education . 385 3,891 Engineering . 608 12 English . 887 4,912 Fine arts . 108 1,147 Home economics . .... 2,796 Industrial arts . 44 4 Journalism . 122 389 Library science . 11 244 Mathematics and physical science . 1,568 1,141 Modern languages . 238 1,809 Music . 133 1,341 Nursing . .... 405 Social science . 3,188 7,552 All other liberal arts and sciences . 8,300 7,283 !772 institutions. STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 63 TABLE 11. — Degrees conferred in professional schools , including teacher-training institutions , 1943—44 1 Item First professional Master’s Doctor’s Continental United States2 Men _ _ __ 34,493 3,354 683 Women . . . .. . . . . _ 31,265 4,359 147 Agriculture . . . 1,100 184 95 Architecture . . . . .. ...... 223 46 6 Commerce _ . .. . . 5,383 262 25 Dentistry . . 2,265 92 Education _ _ _ _ 22,223 5,108 359 Engineering _ .... . 12,165 681 81 Fine arts. _ _ _ 487 122 2 Forestry . . . 81 12 Home economics _ _ _ ... 3,856 145 2 Journalism 386 18 Law _ __ _ _ ... . 1,394 43 24 Library science _ ... .. _ .. _ 5S9 25 Medicine _ _ _ _ _ . . ... ... 5,678 134 40 Music _ . . . . . ... . . . . 1,045 320 8 Nursing.. . 786 67 Pharmacy.. .... . _ _ 1,202 22 7 Theology _ _ _ _ _ _ 1,837 271 94 Veterinary medicine _ _ _ 670 5 x582 institutions. including degrees in professional schools not listed below. 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 12. — Income of institutions of higher education , by control , by State , 1943-44 A. ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING Receipts specifically designated for additions to: State or outlying part of the United States Number of insti¬ tutions reporting Physical plant Endowment funds Annuity funds Student loan funds Other non¬ expendable funds Auxiliary enterprises 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental U. S.-- 1,563 522,526,234 $59,890,751 $2,451,464 $2,022,007 $5,224,102 $183,643,547 Alabama _ .. ... 25 154,141 324,157 6,000 36,714 847 3,259,448 5 5,005 683 570,050 23 390,990 5,400 1,760 1,254,110 California _ _ . - 92 3,163,008 1,707,626 480,088 86,409 457,028 8,013,016 18 589,265 73,267 2,070 41,250 1,607,474 Connecticut _ - 20 559,219 3,632,599 263,534 33,780 17,813 2,643,947 3 10,000 40,000 2,000 124,223 District of Columbia. _. 18 62,638 643,822 72 23,070 1,746,601 13 16,007 29,181 41,428 9,950 2,957,829 Georgia . . . 49 923,774 2,521,620 325,000 99,795 51,344 3,919,990 8 53,805 7,949 2,282 685,914 Illinois _ _ 83 2,003,941 6,315,474 266,659 97,053 1,070,941 8,106,505 Indiana _ _ _ 36 490,441 197,325 169,413 34,773 28,057 8,326,212 Iowa . . . 40 329,497 276,898 26,400 38,445 3,497 4,807,857 Kansas - - - 42 293,436 162,576 76,450 24,741 92,237 1,790,112 31 326,292 411,646 17,014 35,105 2,119,338 17 83 i 805 103,402 22,041 3,599,631 12 98^887 193,353 2,498 896,935 Maryland _ 22 1,530,280 2,627,430 160,000 18,975 1,690,422 Massachusetts . 61 532,665 6,396,184 72,650 106,744 83,491 11,359,443 Michigan _ 53 836,543 477,158 2,650 63,849 99,203 7,472,286 Minnesota . . 39 210,271 2,664,518 21,795 38,022 62,737 6,195,792 Mississippi _ 31 146,994 133,466 3,251 2,636,183 Missouri . . 54 204,522 1,738,518 22,884 111,742 119,765 5,477,472 Montana _ 11 64,437 43,068 6,382 1,184,128 Nebraska _ _ 20 155,818 77,878 6,000 8,088 15,552 L432.768 N evada 1 7,819 790 56,063 New Hampshire _ 6 29,059 782,230 40,000 295 27,105 1,507,116 New Jersey. . . 26 231,349 2,486,132 1,511 53,323 815,705 2,455,183 New Mexico 7 177,126 94,641 1;160 905,435 New York _ 100 1,281,634 4,100,896 39,889 228,346 86,710 15,264,758 North Carolina _ 49 665,816 566,751 1,768 63,163 7,174 7,047,027 North Dakota _ 12 12,000 19,400 1,000 398,052 Ohio . . . . 60 1,423,107 2,044,954 74,575 53,912 1,447,501 10,872,936 Oklahoma _ 32 720,726 94,417 64,500 5,187 4,390,053 Oregon . . . 18 245,432 81,585 800 8,024 2,188 2,062,303 Pennsylvania . 93 1,505,347 1,379,327 25,500 156,612 533,451 11,465,456 Rhode Island 8 92,314 701,627 4,020 1,037,525 South Carolina 31 305,628 72,504 19,009 8,517 2,574,918 South Dakota _ _ 15 61,847 35,351 807 11,980 413,401 Tennessee . . . 42 325,545 456,390 14,500 23,518 154,090 3,574,322 Texas . . . 80 491,280 13,665,362 185,833 177,072 1,149 11,619,278 Utah 11 22,322 10,000 17,044 1,061,509 Vermont . . 10 53,096 125,692 61,952 3,145 11,615 727,058 Virginia _ _ 39 344,208 525,274 7,652 74,038 15,785 6,454,538 Washington 21 435,043 1,292,425 8,000 13,933 1*338,848 West Virginia 19 122,916 19,893 41,175 150 1,133,374 Wisconsin _ .. .. 56 802,694 625,630 3,438 66,300 500 2,969,096 Wyoming 1 20,871 437,612 Outlying parts of tiie U. S _ 5 103,473 151,115 3,780 819 547,173 Alaska 1 375 44,217 Canal Zone 1 Hawaii 1 91,658 2,843 1,023 289,304 Puerto Rico _ 2 16,815 148,272 2,382 819 213,655 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 65 TABLE 12. — Income of institutions of higher educationy by control , by State , 1943— 44— Continued A. ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING Educational and general income, excluding receipts specifically designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds, from — Total Student fees Endowment earnings Federal Government State Govern¬ ments County, city, and district governments Private gifts and grants Sales and services of organized activities Miscellaneous sources 9 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 $863,653,832 $154,485,024 $75,195,822 $308 163,199 $175,163,554 $26,443,655 $59,449,232 $53,576,346 $20,166,849 12,478,613 1,748,530 686,974 5,326,492 3,240,124 236,952 819,378 249,406 170,757 3,556,212 307,132 107,774 1,427,758 1,300,099 240,829 24,757 120,566 27,297 6,757,330 772,893 82,746 2,654,539 2,330,784 18,964 375,095 453,858 68,451 97,560,449 8,541,742 6,025,765 55,783,399 13,871,694 3,887,459 2,930,610 5,117,405 1,402,375 10,641,819 1,527,511 220,215 4,337,140 2,946,062 160,330 397,994 666,875 385,692 15,223,573 3,215,846 4,732,821 3,035,161 1,794,638 288,932 1,385,441 62,015 708,719 1,227,971 72,812 16,152 626,542 395,984 1,100 36,817 72,207 6,357 8,611,909 2,845,349 284,131 3,190,496 409,153 1,365,381 338,547 178,852 6,448,759 901,237 110,219 2,020,561 2,606,056 103,334 358,997 313,666 34,689 12,467,728 2,783,749 1,213,510 5,337,312 1,905,517 134,798 703,630 275,228 113,984 3,588,011 206,400 207,605 1,855,263 1,015,958 99,374 108,426 73,804 21,181 67,556,665 11,774,884 5,830,469 29,872,473 10,388,427 1,014,745 3,586,314 3,790,280 1,299,073 24,391,795 4,874,263 921,395 5,760,564 7,716,868 113,760 2,084,127 2,191,869 728,949 21,635,694 2,457,266 782,869 7,368,273 5,795,000 42,554 1,121,872 3,917,636 150,224 13,139,401 1,192,152 331,209 4,422,104 3,913,348 724,900 901,700 1;562,299 91,689 10,342,693 1,566,985 808,649 3,440,111 2,663,924 289,233 951,482 490,380 131,929 15,171,179 1,712,988 1,019,867 3,338,275 7,481,093 16,846 787,542 469,742 344,826 4,278,257 586,572 637,930 1,699,967 916,255 36,508 106,587 200,024 94,414 15,176,354 2,073,923 1,345,526 7^242,457 2,128,602 94,141 886,254 1,189,907 215,544 39,925,773 14,946,044 10,013,255 6,736,785 2,475,460 210,590 2,238,831 418,376 2,886,432 31,421,249 3,888,120 993,328 6,928,900 11,867,142 2,313,974 1,322,018 3,766,644 341,123 20,940,449 2,569,941 1,430,303 5,828,038 6,142,537 423,202 2,647,309 1,728,902 170,217 7,208,359 910,957 140,249 2,739,160 1,202,954 781,411 227,667 434,617 771,344 20,418,592 4,790,576 1,423,071 6,779,798 3,762,996 675,779 1,560,327 1,157,922 268,123 3,870,932 204,591 128,104 1,855,511 1,201,169 161,039 66,290 193,210 61,018 7,597,890 1,083,670 4,746,545 887,116 20,940 250,242 21,484 2,506,361 699,661 2,464,112 316,054 298,482 325,132 4,583 124,509 761,572 20,948 104,873 634,461 563,343 2,206,427 800,812 33,146 127,394 256,453 15,900,192 2,499,330 1,863,876 6,788,294 3,190,749 69,250 1,273,259 2,513 212,921 3,453,832 260,397 171,607 1,594,844 1,141,720 116,791 2,618 111,492 54,363 90,452,104 25,306,223 13,553,681 21,942,543 6,578,118 9,627,151 6,078,386 4,812,597 2,553,405 17,328,466 3,964,277 1,769,737 5,397,803 2,787,347 21,123 936,840 1,515,924 935,415 5,331,881 218,560 255,514 3,285,446 1,431,814 16,580 13,081 81,215 29,671 37,866,080 7,524,456 3,485,199 12,106,181 7,988,667 1,338,342 3,226,150 1,477,631 719,454 12,518,260 1,084,507 216,299 6,002,266 4,001,880 898 365,174 578,612 268,624 7,251,665 920,084 211,633 2,095,412 2,630,081 144,529 479,242 724,558 46,126 54,016,436 13,411,440 4,369,383 19,919,318 7,206,472 274,742 3,316,220 3,890,824 1,628,037 4,640,457 973,839 736,463 1,739,248 708,383 24,920 276,435 146,304 34,865 9,964,882 1,348,981 317,801 5,220,267 1,776,770 279,860 444,049 464,540 112,614 3,880,324 362,325 218,317 1,725,552 1,197,449 9,199 151,271 189,157 27,054 13,957,933 2,905,949 1,780,441 4,247,993 2,058,255 45,485 1,781,078 874,138 264,594 32,519,600 4,861,498 2,770,491 8,844,398 10,085,126 1,200,511 1,427,953 2,006,930 1,322,693 5,955,785 664,279 42,767 2,527,204 1,933,857 26,434 486,207 234,167 40,870 3,855,663 1,019,288 230,615 1,697,383 531,091 57,906 88,237 137,646 93,497 17,119,642 4,321,750 1,642,671 3,651,660 3,130,640 157,075 621,053 3,224,025 370,768 12,285,326 1,280,219 348,137 5,019,763 4,507,911 134,202 459,007 335,740 200,347 6,584,071 703,808 269,719 2,651,890 2,606,569 22,363 72,753 244,319 12,650 19,231,842 2,787,378 498,672 5,461,511 6,502,639 69,760 1,494,757 2,267,160 149,965 2,071,570 51,456 113,694 1,224,695 529,347 6,392 91,555 54,431 4,829,774 652,734 43,558 2,741,431 _ 89,625 222,400 141,767 232,473 46,266 5,156 33,833 13 113,702 12,433 68,720 1,190 28,254 15,438 1,428,535 248,859 364,886 2,645 316,086 496,038 700,653 . 29,238 59,197 ; 121,391 72,755 9,663 116,666 3,122,500 40,900 1,972,058 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 12. — Income of institutions of higher education , by control , by State , 1943—44 — Continued B. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS State or outlying part of the United States Receipts specifically designated for additions to: Auxiliary enterprises Number of insti¬ tutions reporting Physical plant Endowment funds Annuity funds Student loan funds Other non¬ expendable funds 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental U. S. . _ 582 $11,646,269 $18,826,424 $554,638 $667,479 $307,902 $82,537,444 9 28,744 129,664 12,880 1,619,637 5 5,005 683 570,050 12 322,717 790,999 California. . . . 48 2,875,468 425,183 436,155 17,090 238,003 2,229,882 11 588,361 40,944 36,475 1,096,860 5 542,510 6,000 1,094,349 2 10,000 40,000 124,223 District of Columbia. . . 2 5,620 4 * 4,075 20,816 1,753,242 19 256,594 115,643 83,717 1,637,256 5 35,000 1,812 607,393 16 1,073,710 285,051 13,544 1,290,147 6 136,480 39,614 50,000 11,047 4,703,773 12 20,241 24,664 3,733,963 20 154,845 1,775 5,750 11,206 1,158,123 10 222,667 52,377 18,334 1,225,948 7 18,581 3,286 3,016,948 5 2,000 79,204 1,364 319,199 Maryland _ 9 492,677 20,000 60 777,982 Massachusetts _ 13 84,618 492,210 Michigan _ 31 653,232 249,858 34,081 118 6,368,915 Minnesota . . 18 8,615 2,485,425 15,751 10,892 2,000 4,113,496 Mississippi _ 18 143,199 1,829,959 Missouri _ 18 22,553 253,757 1,000 31,804 8,000 904,683 Montana _ 8 64,437 37,663 2,382 1,068,107 Nebraska... _ 9 5,401 600 453 738,132 Nevada _ 1 7,819 790 56,063 New Hampshire _ 3 29,059 17,358 295 27,105 351,943 New Jersey _ 8 7,070 290,786 New Mexico _ 7 177,126 94,641 1,160 905,435 New York. _ 23 533,918 19,726 157 935 633,839 North Carolina _ . 13 127,679 177,709 19,505 850 3,518,016 North Dakota _ 10 1,000 2,000 1,000 372,551 Ohio . . . 8 683,694 387,326 2,000 8,777 2,500 6,247,879 Oklahoma 23 708,254 73,379 1,566 3,860,516 Oregon . _ 5 195,098 60,045 5,208 2,188 1,710,657 Pennsylvania _ 16 88,605 5,546 14,588 2,418,454 Rhode Island _ 2 52,450 149,668 South Carolina _ 7 107,888 1,000 17,287 1,514,791 South Dakota _ 7 60,847 325,535 Tl6Vin$8S66 7 203,363 3,240 309 645,705 Texas . _ 39 103,865 11,968,910 152,795 8,020,333 Utah 7 22,322 10,000 17,044 910,019 Vermont _ 4 34,958 90,170 43,952 3,045 11,615 240,490 Virginia 10 105,371 31,405 25,356 3,545,328 Washington _ 12 72,596 1,284,125 4,512 684,860 West Virginia _ 11 62,880 400 2,175 819,245 Wisconsin _ 36 520,993 322,196 31,211 1,606,623 Wyoming _ .. i 20,871 437,612 Outlying parts of the U. S . 4 91,670 111,115 2,442 440,615 Alaska 1 375 44,217 Canal Zone _ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hawaii 1 91,658 2,843 1,023 289,304 Puerto Rico 1 12 108,272 1,044 107,094 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 67 TABLE 12. — Income of institutions of higher education, by control, by State, 1943—44 — Continued B. PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Educational and general income, excluding receipts specifically designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds from — Total Student fees Endowment earnings Federal Government State Govern¬ ments County; city and district governments Private gifts and grants Sales and services of organized activities Miscellaneous sources 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 $449,525,164 $38,156,932 $8,676,791 $159,961,884 $167,051,461 $26,011,169 $8,788,131 $34,016,670 $6,862,076 8,899,688 859,847 283,390 4,101,769 3,206,904 219,459 54,708 105,494 68,117 3,556,212 307,132 107,774 1,427,758 1,300,099 240,829 24,757 120,566 27,297 5,950,646 436,462 6,633 2,591,207 2,330,784 18,964 66,554 446,822 53,220 50,964,220 2,312,093 1,395,916 26,717,924 13,871,694 3,882,367 583,224 1,500,710 700,292 8,252,787 765,071 41,639 3,332,928 2,946,062 157,530 7,971 661,784 339,802 2,912,343 241,226 21,647 488,548 1,793,757 288,932 10,562 37,771 29,900 1,194,006 428,191 4,937,935 72,812 16,081 243,754 16,152 626,542 395,984 1,100 409,153 42,733 2,852 2,916 99,980 72,207 6,357 41 29,908 1,642,697 2,606,056 267,170 5,637 7,740,898 1,003,818 84,035 4,412,383 1,905,517 105,130 124,741 75,268 30,006 3,160,735 106,302 178,804 1,673,726 1,015,958 99,374 800 73,804 11,967 19,273,404 1,178,397 37,204 5,505,793 10,388,427 1,001,844 451,885 585,662 124,192 17,768,099 1,824,095 79,015 4,758,157 7,716,463 109,505 756,704 2,137,620 386,540 16,789,002 1,095,580 97,821 5,541,813 5,795,000 42,554 724,900 307,344 3,876,957 31,933 11,445,766 714,421 50,306 4,421,927 3,913,348 25,061 1,529,822 65,981 7,767,731 1,101,639 74,606 3,025,278 2,663,924 289,233 96,387 468,666 47,998 11,628,337 292,949 14,665 3,127,925 7,481,093 15,624 29,654 438,654 227,773 2,561,815 217,317 33,778 1,144,873 1,423,181 914,050 22,108 4,198 184,708 40,783 5,327,145 701,758 3,489 1,905,653 68,141 44,263 1,119,764 60,896 4,330,818 261,843 18,093 1,168,166 2,473,689 210,590 23,038 167,569 7,830 27,874,642 2,451,387 703,322 6,141,015 11,867,142 2,313,974 452,305 3,711,773 233,724 16,906,076 1,413,781 968,961 4,513,289 6,142,537 423,202 1,678,284 1,700,175 65,847 6,019,790 477,912 26,979 2,291,059 1,201,728 780,675 75,210 415,376 750,851 9,508,460 676,706 76,060 3,722,509 3,762,996 675,779 57,930 428,199 108,281 3,331,044 136,761 108,695 1,548,887 1,201,169 161,039 554 151,390 22,549 6,556,252 1,083,670 2,398,951 548,918 20,940 198,837 82,396 21,484 47,596 2,286,040 699,661 1,053,632 2,464,112 316,054 298,482 23,831 4,583 21,401 761,066 20,948 127,394 91,407 800,626 33,146 116,319 2,289,661 548,450 1,961 318,697 1,344,216 69,250 1,092 5,995 3,453,832 260,397 171,607 1,594,844 1,141,720 116,791 2,618 111,492 54,363 15,075,899 862,516 23,952 774,195 3,592,730 9,627,051 7,378 150,827 37,250 8,064,198 1,574,406 158,768 2,925,037 2,786,318 20,612 258,100 114,820 226,137 4,853,367 187,731 195,489 2,912,303 1,431,814 16,580 2,500 81,215 25,735 19,577,847 2,488,046 489,279 5,132,844 7,611,434 1,332,064 1,092,375 1,063,237 368,568 11,074,869 507,661 119,960 5,716,614 4,001,880 898 8,045 577,055 142,756 5,570,381 436,379 22,023 1,561,472 2,630,081 144,529 174,375 589,590 11,932 13,476,561 1,703,223 27,099 5,462,872 4,656,707 24,406 280,657 921,037 400,560 1,606,084 7,286,918 80,473 548,110 1,952 43,175 686,197 4,067,395 680,800 24,136 128,104 451,211 4,422 1,776,770 279,500 49,716 71,041 3,343,653 188,542 106,976 1,642,117 1,197,449 9,199 2,425 188,887 8,058 6,749,483 718,502 18,475 2,849,280 2,052,225 45,485 641,594 365,887 58,035 26,644,717 2,376,922 1,646,407 7,835,743 10,084,451 1,200,511 338,048 1,952,999 1,209,636 5,205,462 514,604 35,531 2,400,087 1,933,857 26,434 35,219 220,257 39,473 2,123,712 317,449 79,891 999,334 481,077 57,906 23,712 133,347 30,996 11,368,971 2,342,298 536,150 1,748,525 3,130,640 153,275 174,574 3,036,117 247,392 10,669,648 775,484 198,422 4,315,333 4,507,911 134,202 218,407 332,092 187,797 5,344,549 402,696 7,422 2,059,083 2,596,569 22,363 24,364 225,860 6,192 15,105,119 1,593,798 68,190 4,346,530 6,502,639 69,610 414,843 2,093,742 15,767 2,071,570 51,456 113,694 1,224,695 529,347 6,392 91,555 54,431 4,761,411 608,592 28,803 938,259 2,741,431 84,169 221,903 138,748 232,473 46,266 1,428,535 5,156 33,833 13 113,702 12,433 316,086 496,038 68,720 1,190 28,254 15,438 248,859 2,645 700,653 29,238 53,741 121,391 72,258 9,663 113,647 3,054,137 320,244 26,151 1,972,058 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 TABLE 12. — Income of institutions of higher education , by control9 by State , 1943—44 — Continued C. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Receipts specifically designated for additions to: State or outlying part of the United States Number of insti¬ tutions reporting Physical plant Endowment funds Annuity funds Student loan funds Other non¬ expendable funds Auxiliary enterprises 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental U# S... 921 $10,810,715 $41,164,367 $1,895,798 $1,354,528 $4,916,230 $101,106,103 Alabama _ _ - 16 125,397 194,493 6,000 23,834 847 1,639,811 11 68,273 5,400 1,760 463,111 California _ _ 44 287,540 1,282,443 43,933 69,319 219,025 5,783,134 7 904 32,323 2,070 4,775 510,614 Connecticut _ 15 16,709 3,632,599 263,534 27,780 17,813 1,549,598 1 2,000 District of Columbia — 16 62,638 643,822 72 23,070 1,740,981 9 11,932 29,181 20,612 9,950 1,204,587 Georgia . . . 30 667,180 2,405,977 325,000 16,078 51,344 2,282,734 3 18,805 7,949 470 78,521 Illinois . . 67 930,231 6,030,423 266,659 83,509 1,070,941 6,816,358 Indiana. . . . 30 353,961 157,711 119,413 23,726 28,057 3,622,439 Iowa _ _ 28 329,497 256,657 26,400 13,781 3,497 1,073,894 Kansas . . 22 138,591 160,801 70,700 13,535 92,237 631,989 Kentucky _ _ 21 103,625 359,269 17,014 16,771 893,390 Louisiana - _ 10 65,224 103,402 18,755 582,683 Maine. _ - 7 96,887 114,149 1,134 577,736 Maryland- - _ _ 13 1,037,603 2,607,430 160,000 18,915 912,440 Massachusetts . . 48 448,047 6,396,184 72,650 106,744 83,491 10,867,233 Michigan _ 22 183,311 227,300 2,650 29,768 99,085 1,103,371 Minnesota . . 21 201,656 179,093 6,044 27,130 60,737 2,082,296 Mississippi 13 3,795 133,466 3,251 806,224 Missouri. - . 36 181,969 1,484,761 21,884 79,938 111,765 4,572,789 Montana _ - 3 5,405 4,000 116,021 Nebraska _ . 11 150,417 77,278 6,000 7,635 15,552 694,636 New Hampshire _ 3 764,872 40,000 1,155,173 New Jersey - 18 231,349 2,486,132 1,511 46,253 815,705 2,164,397 New York _ 77 747,716 4,081,170 39,889 228,189 85,775 14,630,919 North Carolina _ _ 36 538,137 389,042 1,768 43,658 6,324 3,529,011 North 2 11,000 17,400 25,501 Ohio . . . 52 739,413 1,657,628 72,575 45,135 1,445,001 4,625,057 Oklahoma _ 9 12,472 21,038 64,500 3,621 529,537 Oregon 13 50,334 21,540 800 2,816 351,646 Pennsylvania . 77 1,416,742 1,379,327 25,500 151,066 518,863 9,047,002 Rhode Island 6 39,864 701,627 4,020 887,857 South Carolina 24 197,740 71,504 1,722 8,517 1,060,127 South Dakota 8 1,000 35,351 807 11,980 87,866 Tennessee - 35 122,182 453,150 14,500 23,209 154,090 2,928,617 Texas . . 41 387,415 1,696,452 185,833 24,277 1,149 3,598,945 Utah 4 151,490 Vermont _ 6 18,138 35,522 18,000 100 486,568 Virginia _ 29 238,837 493,869 7,652 48,682 15,785 2,909,210 Washington 9 362,447 8,300 8,000 9,421 653,988 West Virginia 8 60,036 19,493 39,000 150 314,129 Wisconsin - - 20 281,701 303,434 3,438 35,089 500 1,362,473 Outlying part of the U. S. (Puerto Eico) _ 1 16,803 40,009 1,338 819 106,561 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 69 TABLE 12. — Income of institutions of higher education , by control , by State , 1943-44 — Continued C. PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Educational and general income, excluding receipts specifically designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds from — Total Student fees Endowment Federal Government State Govern¬ ments County; city, and district governments Private gifts and grants Sales and services of organized activities Miscellaneous sources 10 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 $414,128,718 $116,328,042 $66,519,131 $148,231,315 $8,117,093 $437,487 $41,661,101 $19,559,676 $13,304,873 3,578,925 806,684 46.596.229 2,389,032 12.311.230 33,965 8,183,718 1,510,824 4,726,830 427;276 48,283,261 6,623,696 4,846, 1,693,635 2,574,962 3,542,842 1,716,442 9,849,209 35,594,955 3,546,607 4,034,373 1,188,569 10,910,132 539,888 1,041,638 2,347,594 13,610,531 75,376,205 9,264,268 478,514 18,288,233 1,443,391 1,681,284 40,539,875 3,034,373 2,677;964 536,671 7,208,450 5,874,883 750,323 1,731,951 5,750,671 1,615,678 1,239,522 4,126,723 336,431 6,229,649 762,440 2,974,620 403,584 76,113 4,629,849 178,576 4,711,174 1,224,723 63,332 29,065,475 1,004,212 2,546,613 33,220 881 2,829,268 657,483 1;779,931 100,098 10,596,487 3,050,168 1,361,686 477,731 465,346 1,420,039 369,255 1,372,165 14,684,201 1,436,733 1,156,160 433,045 4.113.870 67,830 338;198 435,624 1,950,880 24,443,707 2.389.871 30,829 5,036,410 576,846 483,705 11,708,217 893,366 800,871 173,783 2,187,447 2,484,576 149,675 701,839 1,979,452 504,735 301,112 1,193,580 284,131 80,311 1,129,475 5,793,265 842,380 685,048 280,903 734,043 1,005,202 604,152 1,342,037 9,995;162 290,006 461,342 113;270 1,347,011 19,409 167;846 515,747 1,861,915 13,529,729 1,610,969 60,025 2,995,920 96,339 189,610 4,342,284 734,511 274,626 111,341 1;761,966 1,124,084 7,236 150,724 1,106,521 149,715 262,297 430,482 3,190,496 377,864 924,929 181,537 24,366,680 1,002,407 1,826,460 177 414,833 210,350 555,094 5,819,276 5,568,619 787,885 1,314,749 448,101 3,057,289 306,624 220,321 1,152,795 6,469,59r 21,168,348 2,472,766 373,143 6,973,337 285,652 533,940 14,456,446 1,053,051 1,152,872 83,435 1,398,713 1,008,655 127;117 698,049 1,903,135 704,430 592,807 1,114, 405 2,205 222,949 1;771 1;226 1,846,533 2,985,388 1,029 377,233 2,549,765 27,583 50,014 10,000 17,493 5,092 2,800 60,601 29,668 12,901 4,255 1,222 14,400 26,000 736 6,278 250,336 784 360 150 764,670 308,541 2,347,386 390,023 1,374,879 33;965 1,362,465 259,017 578,889 107,626 3,134,429 1,327,423 814,528 876,639 855,095 757, 102,389 841,991 2,215,793 869,713 969,025 152,457 1,502,397 65,736 301,301 103,108 1,272,167 6,071,008 678,740 10,581 2,133,775 357,129 304,867 3,035,563 276,435 394,333 148,846 1,139,484 1,089,905 64,525 446,479 240,600 48,389 1,079,914 143,912 7,036 3,616,695 5,091 24,244 338,547 46,496 199,960 3,204,618 54,249 40,679 32,477 21,714 31,088 15,316 70,143 250,807 54,871 28,727 19,241 729,723 41,820 506 2,513 4,661,770 1,401,104 414,394 1,557 134,968 2,969,787 18,200 13,329 270 508,251 53,931 13,910 4,299 187,908 3,648 18,459 173,418 102,640 15,231 702,083 45,890 678,819 178,811 29,052 83,978 9,214 1;174,881 342,409 118,291 25,708 83,931 117,053 53,631 154,648 2,878,602 107,399 104,370 20,493 159,842 38,469 13,466 140,134 206,926 2,516,155 709,278 3,936 350,886 125,868 34,194 1;227,477 30,443 41,573 18,996 206,559 113,057 1,397 62,501 123,376 12,550 6,458 134,198 63,363 44,642 14,749 5,456 497 3,019 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1942-44 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 71 «NWNO lOcO^OOOJ co t'-r-co cq -rjT o xjT oo NCOCON' m m o c CO O* o' r-T < OO Cl tO CO Cq 03 CO r- co co -rH tO 05 CO •_ CO OO O CO r-H r isT r^T cd cq" 05 cq" < cq is- co to co OONrHCq cq co ^ oo cq^iooo cdooo cfcT cq co go co o o cq cq co co oo i-h ^"otCwo »OiO^W50 > 05 CO o • co o cq to cq co oo ci cq o h o cq Soo 05 CO s“ 05 cq 05 co CO O co CO ^ cq co m 05 to i>- cq cq t>. ^ oo n cq o Oi^H ©t^TeO ONCONN i— cq^co •*< ^ id r-T o o to h oo (N05-^*h(N Cq to ^ O Cl h^«5N CO co 05 OO O CO 05 05 cq" oo o" CO tO T-H CO T-H CO lO co co co cq co COCOrHOO id id id 05 m cq co *-h cq to 05 ^ hONh CO H to r-t _ co to 05 cq to *-• © oo to oo oo cq oo c OHC " CO 05 oo co oo HOOOOO^ cq co co o 05 to to 00 Tt< 05 ^ oo OtOCqN to cq" od ^h" CO^ 05 co CO 1-H CO cq co 05 co t>ToO to CO to to o 05 05 i-H M OOOO COOOOCON mo cqcototoco cot^05" CO CO 05 CO " TtlCOCOCON m oo cq cq cq o m co cq cq coNtocq < *-t cq CO O 00 co CO O rH CO oo © tocq ootCoT id cq co ^ co to NNOHOO cqiOrHNoo oocq^H oohoV 05 T* CO to CO to *-< co to cq rf co to td< - oo c _ to oo co ^NNCqCO ciooooco oooor^ooco 05 to O CO CO © OO O CO CO "cToT _ < - cq to co < cq 05 co co rjH i-h 00 to oo r>- cq o cq coco to to to ^ i>. ^ cq T-t • cq *-» co co c o" cq" id t ^ O to CO 05 CO CO 1— I CO 05 to 05 o 05 o oo CO o cqcqto cq oocooo * cqonooj ho50h OOiHrHCO cq T-H to 5iS oj2 3 cl a >0(3 -a o M a: 3 gli .3 5 2^ c$ OQ "S'S g/3 s& . is| 3 ©00 O i o z Sja =: g iZZOO OPMtfwro § d > ■ a jtS- 111 ;pj !■§ 3 — w -J 3