FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Watson B. Miller, Administrator U. S. Office of Education John W. Studbbaker, Commissioner BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 1940-42 IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME II national library of eouc htu 2 6 1998 U S. DEPT. OF EDUCATION UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON * 1947 Lilt - p\ O u. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department, July 1, 1869 Transferred to the Federal Security Agency, July 1, 1939 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL. D. March Ilf, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL. D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L. H. D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL. D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL. D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL. D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M. A. (Oxon) , Ed. D., LL. D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL. D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL. D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 1934 John W. Studebaker, LL. D. October 23, 1934 nCl C & J-fov 7 L? ' ' L111.A323 1938/40-1940/42 v . 2- - - Biennial survey of education in the United States CONTENTS Chapter I. Statistical Summary of Education, 1939-40 II. Statistical Summary of Education, 1941-42 III. Statistics of State School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42 IV. Statistics of Higher Education, 1939-40 and 1941-42 V. Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children YI. College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40 VII. Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42- VIII. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1941-42 IX. Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940-41 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1939 40 VOLUME II CHAPTER I FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1939-40 VOLUME II CHAPTER I Prepared by Emery M. Foster, Chief Division of Statistics FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, Paul V. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, John W. Studeraker, Commissioner Acknowledgment The statistical and tabulating work on this bulletin was done by Rose Marie Smith, senior statistical clerk, under the direction and supervision of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1943 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington, D. G. - Price 10 cents Contents Text Page Introduction _ ^ _ 1 Number of Educational Units _ 1 1-teacher schools _ " - 4 Enrollments, 1939-40 _ 4 School attendance _ 6 Trends in elementary and secondary school enrollment _ 6 Provisions for exceptional children _ 12 Type and Size of Public High Schools _ 13 Private Schools _ 16 Elementary _ 16 Secondary _ 17 High-school Graduates _ 18 Urban and Rural Public Schools _ 20 Selected Data for State School Systems _ 21 Seventy Years of Progress in the Public-School System _ 25 Higher Education _ 28 Summer session enrollment _ 30 Extension and correspondence work _ 31 Junior colleges _ 31 College graduates _ 32 Degrees granted by institutions of higher education _ 32 Schools of Nursing _ 34 Teachers _ 34 Schools for Negroes _ 36 Public schools _ 36 Institutions of higher education _ 37 School Survival Rates _ 38 Educational Attainment of the Population _ 41 Sources of Income for Education _ 42 Expenditures for Public and Private Education _ 44 Expenditure per pupil in city school systems _ 45 Federal expenditures for education _ 45 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions. _ 47 Federally Aided Vocational Education _ 47 Libraries _ 48 Public-school libraries _ 49 Public libraries _ 50 Libraries of institutions of higher education _ 50 Selected List of Publications of the U. S. Office of Education _ 51 Tables 1. Educational units in continental United States _ 2 2. Total number of schools of specified types, by State, 1939-40 _ 3 3. Decrease in 1-teacher schools, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 4 4. Enrollments in full-time day schools, by level and control, 1939-40 _ 5 HI IV CONTENTS Page 5. School attendance, by age, sex, and urban-rural residence, 1 939-40. __ 6 6. Kindergarten, elementary, secondary, commercial, normal school, and college enrollments, 1889-90 to 1939-40 _ 7 7. Changes in elementary school enrollment and population, 5-13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1939-40 _ g 8. Estimated number of births in the United States, 1920-1941 _ 10 9. Enrollment in public schools, by grade, 1928-29 to 1939-40 _ 11 10. Increase in secondary school enrollment and population, 14-17 years of age, 1889-90 to 1939-40 _ 12 11. Public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1939-40. 13 12. Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school sys¬ tems, 1939-40 _ 14 13. Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1937-38 _ 15 14. Public high schools enrolling more than 5,000 pupils in 1937-38 _ 15 15. Public high schools, by size and type, 1929-30, 1933-34, and 1937-38. _ 16 16. Teachers and enrollment in private elementary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 _ 17 17. Teachers and enrollment in private secondary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 _ 18 18. High-school and college graduates, 1900-1940 _ 19 19. Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools per 100 persons 17 years of age, 1869-70 to 1939-40 _ 19 20. Comparison of urban and rural public schools, 1939-40 _ 20 21. Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios, and number of administrative units in public day schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 22 22. Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 23 23. Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1860-70 to 1939-40 _ 26 24. Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1933-34 to 1939-40. 28 25. Increase in college enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889- 90 to 1939-40 _ 30 26. Enrollment in summer session and in extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1939-40 _ 30 27. Junior colleges and their enrollment, 1919-20 to 1939-40 _ 31 28. Number of persons graduated from college per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1939-40 _ 32 29. Professional degrees granted by institutions of higher education, 1939-40 _ 33 30. Enrollment and graduates of 1,304 schools of nursing, 1939-40 _ 34 31. Teachers in schools and colleges, 1909-10 to 1939-40 _ 35 32. Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1939-40 _ 32 33. Resident college enrollment of institutions for the higher education of Negroes, by sex and State, 1939-40 _ _ _ 33 34. Number surviving through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ 39 35. Number surviving by grade or year per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ 39 36. Number surviving by high-school year per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in the years indicated _ 40 37. Number surviving through college per 1,000 enrolled at specified levels _ 4l CONTENTS y Page 38. Educational attainment of the population 25 years old and over, 1940_ 41 39. Biennial increases in income for education, by source, 1936-38 and 1938- 40 _ 42 40. Sources of income for education, 1939-40 _ 43 41. Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 43 42. Expenditures for schools reporting, including capital outlay, 1939-40- 44 43. Total current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 180 city school systems, 1939-40 _ 45 44. Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1939- 40 _ 46 45. Estimated value of property and endowments, 1939-40 _ 47 46. Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1940 _ 48 47. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for vocational education, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 48 48. Public-school library statistics for 4 groups of city school systems and schools under the administration of county superintendents, 1934-35- 1900-1940 _ 49 49. Summary data for public libraries, 1938-39 _ 50 Figures 1. Increase in enrollments in elementary schools, high schools, and colleges, 1900-1940 _ 9 2. Change over 22 years in percent of fifth-grade pupils who were graduated from high school and from college _ 40 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1939-40 THE U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION is the only agency which collects comprehensive data on the condition and progress of education in the United States from the kindergarten level through the level of attainment of advanced degrees. Over the period of several decades for which detailed data are available, significant trends with regard to both quantity and quality of education are observable. These trends are subject to analysis in terms of changes in the population of school age and in terms of fluctuations in the socio-economic conditions which affect the development of educational facilities. The American educational system is constantly subject to evalua¬ tions of varying types. At the present time its functions and services are of particular concern because of their immediate relationship to the war effort and because of the growing realization of their signifi¬ cance in terms of post-war planning. Number of Educational Units The number of educational units in the United States, including individual schools, libraries, etc., is so great that reports from all of them cannot be collected each biennium. Some groups of institutions are surveyed at intervals of 4 or 6 years or even longer periods. Of the approximately 68,500 units from which reports are requested periodically (table 1), 15,600 were included in the surveys made during the 1938-40 biennium. Data collected in previous years or estimated are carried in the tables for the other units. The U. S. Office of Education does not attempt to collect periodic data from certain types of privately controlled schools so that the United States totals are incomplete from the standpoint of the entire educational system. The number of individuals attending these specialized private schools only is relatively small, however, so that their omission does not seriously affect the totals. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 1. — Educational units in continental United States Number Type of units Grand total _ 68, 494 Total requested to report in 1938-40 _ _ I _ 15, 598 States and the District of Columbia _ 49 City school systems _ 3, 127 County or other large school systems administering schools in cities 1 _ 220 Institutions of higher education _ 1, 751 Schools of nursing _ 1, 391 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 429 Public libraries _ 6, 880 College libraries _ 1, 751 Total not requested to report in 1938-40 _ 52, 896 Public secondary schools _ 28, 223 Private elementary and secondary schools _ 14, 874 Private commercial schools _ 2, 099 School libraries 2 _ 6, 200 Private and special libraries _ 1, 500 Never requested to report (total number unknown). Private vocational and trade schools 3 _ Private schools of art, music, dancing, dramatics (non-degree-granting), including individual instruction _ Private Bible schools not granting theological degrees _ Private correspondence schools _ 1 These include 337 cities. 2 City and county school systems, as only one report is requested from each system. These reports cover more than 61,000 school libraries. 3 Occasionally a report is requested from the best-known schools in this group, but no general or periodic coverage is attempted. Because of the interest in the number of schools of various types in each State, data have been given in table 2 for the types of schools for which mailing lists are maintained by the U. S. Office of Education. Private schools are also included to the extent to which they are reported. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 Table 2. — Total number of schools of specified types , by State, 1939-40 Public ele- | mentary L and sec- State or District of Columbia x_ i eluding i > kinder- i gartens) Privately con¬ trolled schools Colleges, uni¬ versities, and professional 1 schools Residential schools for exceptional children Schools of nurs¬ ing Elemen¬ tary Second¬ ary Public Private j Public Private Total _ 223, 295 11, 306 3, 568 603 1,148 281 94 t 391 6, 426 121 57 1 9 18 6 27 521 37 18 5 3 4 5, 318 78 31 13 12 5 10 California. ... - .. 4,502 379 197 47 55 7 5 42 Colorado. . _ _ 2, 823 96 34 10 9 5 1 19 Connecticut. . . . . 1,046 219 92 6 21 4 3 21 Delaware . . . 252 33 11 2 1 3 1 7 Florida.. .. . . 2,810 73 66 4 9 6 _ _ _ 14 5, 554 43 40 17 30 6 14 1, 386 34 13 5 3 4 9 Illinois _ 14, 941 956 186 16 82 6 3 102 3, 873 332 53 6 35 5 27 Iowa - - - . , 11,103 415 139 30 34 6 2 30 7, 626 264 50 21 24 5 37 Kentucky . . . 6; 145 209 86 10 30 5 1 17 Louisiana. _ 2,705 217 83 7 14 7 2 14 2, 448 84 54 9 4 19 Maryland . _ _ _ 1,360 207 70 9 21 6 7 27 Massachusetts _ 2,465 466 210 14 55 8 7 73 Michigan _ _ 8,853 516 162 38 23 8 3 37 Minnesota. ... _ 8,302 1 374 75 16 23 8 2 33 Mississippi _ _ . 5,691 | 57 45 18 16 4 34 Missouri _ _ 10,430 486 82 19 37 8 3 38 Montana . _ 2,081 I 47 20 6 4 5 10 Nebraska . . _ . 6,735 | 281 52 8 15 5 14 Nevada _ _ 294 | 1 1 1 New Hampshire _ _ _ 1,777 73 42 3 6 2 14 New Jersey _ _ 2,220 396 136 11 25 6 3 51 New Mexico . _ _ 1,056 73 20 7 5 2 New York _ _ _ . 10,309 1,194 362 16 85 10 19 117 North Carolina _ _ 4,833 59 48 13 40 9 44 North Dakota . . . .. 4,215 60 21 9 2 4 16 Ohio _ 5,323 654 159 8 59 8 1 72 Oklahoma. .. .. _ _ 6,000 95 43 27 10 9 1 14 Oregon 2,000 89 35 5 15 5 11 Pennsylvania . . .. 10,968 976 240 16 82 7 19 124 Rhode Island _ 400 86 28 2 4 4 1 9 South Carolina _ . 4,129 ! 25 24 27 6 16 South Dakota _ 4,890 63 17 7 9 4 13 Tennessee.. _ _ 6, 218 72 49 7 40 7 1 *25 Texas _ _ 10, 264 413 122 38 48 10 47 Utah _ 553 11 8 6 4 4 6 Vermont. _ .. 1, 272 32 23 4 2 1 11 Virginia _ _ 4, 542 77 75 10 32 9 3 27 W ashington .. _ 1,970 121 54 7 16 6 29 West Virginia _ 5, 401 63 18 11 9 10 31 Wisconsin _ 8,063 589 75 39 25 6 2 25 Wyoming _ _ 1,070 9 5 1 3 1 District of Columbia . 132 5! 38 2 23 5 3 7 U S. service schools i _ _ 3 1 U. S. Coast Guard Academy, Ne w London, Conn.; U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.; and U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. 532705°— 43 - 2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 1 -teacher Schools There were still 113,600 one-teacher schools in 1939-40, but the number of these small schools decreased by almost one-fourth during the 1930-40 decade (table 3). There were 35,700 fewer one-teacher schools in 1939-40 than in 1929-30. At an average of 15 pupils per school this means that approximately half a million pupils received their education under the more advantageous conditions of large consolidated schools. Table 3. — Decrease in 1 -teacher schools, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Percent Number of decrease 1-teacher since Year schools 1929-30 1929-30 _ 149, 282 _ 1931-32 _ 143,390 -3.9 1933-34 _ 139, 166 -6. 8 1935-36 _ 131,101 -12.2 1937-38 _ 121,178 -18.8 1939-40 _ 113,600 -23.9 The effect of the economic depression in the first half of the 1930-40 decade and of the Federal works programs in the last half is shown in the discontinuance of only 14,200 one-teacher schools between 1929-30 and 1934-35, when school building programs were greatly curtailed, and the discontinuance of more than 21,500 such schools between 1934-35 and 1939-40, when school building programs were stimulated by the Federal works programs. Enrollments, 1939-40 Approximately 30,000,000 persons attended full-time day schools, public and private, in 1939-40 (table 4). Of this total 21,100,000 were in elementary schools, including kindergartens, 7,100,000 in secondary schools, 1,500,000 in institutions of higher education, and the remainder in private commercial schools, schools of nursing not affiliated with institutions of higher education, and Federal schools for Indians. Males constituted 51 percent of the enrollment, and pub¬ licly controlled institutions enrolled 88 percent of the total. The grand total enrollment decreased by 445,410 students, or 1.5 percent from 1937-38 to 1939-40, and by 680,080 students, or 2.2 per¬ cent, from the peak enrollment in 1933-34, in spite of the large in¬ creases in high-school and college enrollments which took place during the same period. Table 4. — Enrollments in full-time day schools by level and control , 1939-40 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 5 fcSg. t>. i: 3. t>> a-H^g ■SS’Sa 8 Includes 979 men enrolled for short courses. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 School Attendance Another approach to the problem of total enrollments in schools is made by the U. S. Bureau of the Census in its school attendance data. Almost three-fifths (57.7 percent) of all persons in the United States, 5-24 years of age, were attending school in March 1940 (table 5). The highest proportions were found in the age group 7-13 years as this is approximately the compulsory attendance period in all States. From the kindergarten level through high school (5-17 years of age) girls attend school in slightly greater proportions than boys, but the situation is reversed when the college age is reached with a significantly higher proportion of young men 18-24 years of age than of young wo¬ men of the same age reporting school attendance. There are striking differences in school attendance by residence (table 5) . At every age young people in urban areas attend school to a greater extent than those in rural areas. Also, within rural areas nonfarm young people are more likely to attend school than those living on farms. These differences in school attendance are directly associated with differences in the availability of educational oppor¬ tunities. Table 5. — School attendance , by age , sex, and urban-rural residence , 1940 1 Percent attending school Age United States total Urban Rural— Rural- Both sexes Male Female nonfarm farm Total, 5-24 years . 57.7 58.6 56.9 58.8 57.7 55.7 5 years . . . . 18.0 17.5 18.4 28.7 11.0 6.8 6 years.. _ _ _ _ 69. 1 68.2 70. 1 79.7 64.5 56.5 7-4) years. _ 94.3 94. 1 94.5 96.7 94.7 90. 1 10-13 years _ 95.5 95.3 95.6 97.4 95.8 91.8 14 years. _ _ _ . 92.5 92.2 92.8 96.0 92.9 86.1 15 years _ _ 87.6 87.3 88.0 93.4 87.3 77.4 16 and 17 years. . 68.7 68.2 69.2 75.6 67.6 56.8 18 and 19 years _ 28.9 30.8 26.9 31.7 27.5 23.9 20 years. _ . _ 12.5 14.4 10.6 14.5 10.7 9.2 21-24 years 5.1 6.6 3.5 6.1 3.8 3.3 i Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. Trends in Elementary and Secondary School Enrollment The downward trend in public and private elementary and secondary school enrollments observable since 1933-34 continued during the bien¬ nium 1937-38 to 1939-40 with a decrease of 621,600 students, or 2.2 percent (table 6). For the decade 1930-40, however, the decrease was only 230,100, or less than 1 percent. From the 1933-34 peak the decrease to 1939-40 was 1,133,000, or 3.9 percent. The general trend, however, conceals sharp variations according to grade levels. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 Table 6. — Kindergarten, elementary, secondary, commercial, normal school, and college enrollments, 1889-90 to 1939-40 Type of school, by level 1889-90 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-^20 Total kindergarten and elementary schools _ _ Kindergartens: Public ._ _ _ _ - 14, 181, 415 16, 224, 784 18, 457, 228 20,864, 488 i 15, 145 i 16, 082 12, 504, 373 1,645,815 131,657 93, 737 14, 852, 202 1, 147, 188 2 293, 970 2 52, 219 16, 604, 821 1, 506, 218 481,266 29,683 18, 897, 661 1, 455, 878 Elementary: Public. _ _ _ _ Total secondary. _ Public high schools 3. _ ... . . Private high schools 3 - - - - Preparatory departments of colleges . Secondary grades in training schools . . . Total higher education _ Normal schools and teachers colleges . . Colleges, universities, and professional schools. . Private commercial and business schools (day and evening). . . . . . . 357, 813 695, 903 1, 111, 393 2, 495, 676 202, 963 94,931 51, 749 8, 170 519, 251 110, 797 56, 285 9, 570 915, 061 117, 400 66, 042 12, 890 2, 200, 389 213, 920 59, 309 22,058 156, 756 237, 592 355, 215 597, 880 34, 814 121, 942 69, 593 167, 999 88,561 266, 654 135, 435 462, 445 78, 920 1 91, 549 155, 244 335, 161 Type of school, by level 1929-30 1933-34 1937-38 1939-40 Total kindergarten and elementary schools _ Kindergartens: Public . . . . . . 23, 588, 479 4 23, 200, 486 5 22, 042, 902 6 21, 044, 924 723, 443 54, 456 20, 555, 150 2, 255, 430 601, 775 7 37, 506 20, 228, 014 2, 333, 191 607, 034 37, 806 19, 183, 392 2, 214, 670 594, 647 57,341 18, 286, 906 2, 106, 030 Private _ _ _ _ . Elementary: Public . . . . . . . . Private Total secondary. _ _ Public high schools 3... ... . _ . ... _ Private high schools 3 _ _ _ Preparatory departments of colleges. . . . Secondary grades in training schools _ _ Total higher education _ . _ _ 4, 799, 867 8 6, 090, 749 9 6, 736, 939 i° 7, 113, 282 4, 399, 422 n 341, 158 47, 309 11, 978 5, 669, 156 360, 092 24, 703 36, 798 6, 226, 934 446, 833 32, 874 30,298 6, 601, 444 457, 768 33, 091 20, 979 1, 100, 737 1, 055, 360 1, 350, 905 1, 493, 203 Normal schools and teachers colleges _ Colleges, universities, and professional schools.. Private commercial and business schools (day and evening) . . . _ _ 176, 462 924, 275 136, 184 919, 176 145, 649 1, 205, 256 177, 045 1, 316, 158 i* 179, 756 ' 7 102, 286 7 102, 286 13 125, 000 1 Data for 1887-88; distribution by public and private control estimated. 2 Data for 1911-12. 3 Data from high-school reports through 1919-20; since 1919-20 from Statistics of State School Systems. 4 Does not include 61,885 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 5 Does not include 63,545 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 6 Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. ? Data for 1932-33. 8 Does not include 5,739 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 9 Does not include 10,735 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. i° Does not include 9,727 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 71 Data for 1927-28. 12 Data for 1928-29. 13 Estimated. Kindergarten enrollment was somewhat higher in 1939-40 than in 1937-38, but not as high as in 1929-30 when it reached a peak of 778,000. In 1929-30 there were 311 children enrolled in public and private kindergartens for each 1,000 children 5 years of age in the population, and in 1939-40, including approximately 6,000 kinder¬ garten pupils in State and private schools for exceptional children, 8 BIENNIAL SURVET OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 there were 307 enrolled for each 1,000 of this age. In 1940 there were approximately 624,000 fewer children aged 4 and 5 than in 1930, and 903,000 fewer under 5 years of age than 10 years earlier. Unless the kindergartens enroll a greater proportion of the children 4 and 5 years of age in the immediate future than in the past, the gross enrollment in these schools will continue to be below the 1930 level. In an ideal school system in which all children attended kinder¬ garten and in which there was little or no retardation in the first 3 grades, approximately 25 percent of the kindergarten-primary total would be enrolled in each of the 4 years. The small proportion of children enrolled in kindergarten and the retardation in the first grade are shown by the fact that only 7.2 percent of the kindergarten- primary total for public schools was in kindergarten in 1939-40, 36.4 percent in the first grade, and 28.2 percent each in the second and third grades. The somewhat smaller percentage in the first grade and the larger percentages in kindergarten and the second and third grades in 1939-40 than in 1929-30 show the gradual improvement that is taking place in adjustment of enrollment in the kindergarten¬ primary grades, but on the whole progress is slow (table 9, p. 11). Enrollments in public and private elementary schools (grades 1-8, inclusive) have decreased continuously since 1930. Total elementary school enrollment, exclusive of kindergarten enrollment, decreased from 22,810,600 in 1929-30 to 20,392,900 in 1939-40, or 10.6 percent (table 7 and fig. 1). This decrease was due chiefly to the decline in the number of children born after 1924 and to the changing policies of promotion within the school, so that fewer students are retarded and hence remain in school more years than normal for the grades which they complete. The number of children in the age group 6-13 years, inclusive, in 1940 (17,882,000) was 1,843,000 fewer than the number in this age group in 1930. Since the proportion of all children within the normal elementary school ages actually enrolled in school has been around 95 percent for some years, any changes in enrollment are now due primarily to population changes. Table 7. — Changes in elementary school enrollment and population , 5— 13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1939-40 Enrollment Population 5-13 years of age Year Number Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1889-90 . . _ _ 14, 181, 415 16, 224, 784 13, 188, 548 15, 385, 793 17, 019, 650 1899-1900 _ 14.4 16.7 1909-10 _ _ _ _ _ 18, 457, 228 30.2 29.0 1919-20 _ _ _ _ _ 20, 864, 488 47. 1 19, 992, 947 51.6 1929-30 _ 23, 588, 479 66.3 22, 230, 101 68.6 1939-40 _ _ _ » 21, 044, 924 48.4 20, 024, 827 51.8 1 Dpes not include 61}731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. Data for such schools are not available for earlier years. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION. 9 Figure 1. — Increase in enrollments in elementary schools, high schools, and colleges, 1900-1940. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 The number of potential elementary school students for the near future, those under 6 years of age, was 1,266,000 less in 1940 than in 1930. The declining number of births reached low points in 1933 and 1936 with onlyslightly higher numbers in 1934 and 1935 (table 8). An upward trend in the number of births since 1936, resulting in more births in 1941 than in any year since 1927, however, will result at least temporarily in a reversal in the trend in elementary school en¬ rollments as the children reach school age. Table 8. — Estimated number of births in the United States , 1920 to 1941 Year 1920. 1921 1922 1923 1924. 1925 1926 1927 1928. 1929. 1930. Estimated number of Year births 2, 850, 800 1931 _ 2, 956, 200 1932 _ _ 2, 792, 000 1933_’_ _ 2, 823, 700 19341 _ 2, 893, 300 1935 _ _ _ 2, 829, 400 1936 _ 2, 767, 000 1937 _ 2, 733, 000 1938 _ 2, 612, 100 1939 _ 2, 525, 500 1940 _ 2, 565, 200 1941 _ Estimated, number of births 2, 459, 900 2, 400, 400 2, 278, 100 2, 373, 000 2, 359, 200 2, 330, 000 2, 410, 000 2, 500, 000 2, 474, 000 2, 555, 000 2, 700, 000 Sources: Estimates for 1920 to 1939 by Warren H. Thompson and P. K. Whelpton, Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems, Oxford, Ohio; for 1940 and 1941, by the Division of Vital Statistics, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D. C. The decreases observable in the early grades affect the higher grades over a period of years. Thus, the decreasing number of children affected public-school enrollments in the first four grades from 1929-30 to 1933-34, in the first seven grades from 1933-34 to 1937-38. By 1939-40 the effect had extended to the eighth grade (table 9). Tiiere was a decrease in public elementary school enroll¬ ment, including kindergarten, of 0.7 percent from 1929-30 to 1931-32, I. 8 percent from 1931-32 to 1933-34, another 1.8 percent from 1933-34 to 1935-36, 3.2 percent from 1935-36 to 1937-38, and 4.6 per¬ cent from 1937-38 to 1939-40. This is a total decrease from 1929-30, the peak year in elementary school enrollment., including kindergarten, to 1939-40 of 2,446,500 students in the public elementary schoois, or II. 5 percent. An even greater proportionate decline from the peak will occur before $ny reversal in the trend can be expected. In direct contrast to the situation at the elementary school level, the trend in public and private secondary school enrollments during the decade 1930-40 has been steadily upward, although the rate of increase has been lower with each succeeding biennium. The total enrollment in all secondary schools, public and private, during the decade rose from 4,799,867 to 7,113,282, an increase of 48.2 percent (table 6). Table 9. — Enrollment in public schools , by grade, 1928-29 to 1939-40 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 1939-40 5 i tf 18, 832, 098 6,601,444 594, 647 3, 018, 463 2, 333, 076 2, 331, 559 2, 321, 867 2, 247, 692 2, 176, 133 2, 107, 667 1, 700, 994 2,011,341 1, 767, 312 1, 485, 603 1, 281, 735 55, 453 2.34 11.87 9.17 9. 17 9. 13 8. 84 8. 55 8. 28 6. 69 7.91 6. 95 5. 84 5. 04 .22 1938-39 i 8 s' * si |i|i|i.||ii|iss 5222522S252SSs- I of CD 1937-38 s s 51 23S8S9BSSEStSg JESSESSSfe?* st immmmm* a oT CD MNNNNNCtHHHrtH 1936-37 i 1 s 5 20, 070, 368 6, 100, 735 606, 893 3, 423, 735 2, 522, 070 2, 484, 558 2, 450, 679 2, 387, 710 2, 286, 096 2, 177, 580 1, 731, 047 1, 974, 726 1, 644, 571 1, 314, 404 1, 107, 487 59, 547 2.32 13. 08 9. 64 9. 49 9. 36 9. 12 8. 74 8. 32 6. 62 7. 55 6. 28 5. 12 4. 23 .23 1935-36 I i s 20, 392, 561 5,974, 537 606, 753 3, 530, 325 2, 557, 589 2, 524, 736 2, 498, 741 2, 432, 991 2, 319, 470 2, 181, 987 1, 739, 969 1, 970, 072 1, 619, 862 1, 249, 409 1, 064, 469 70, 725 2.30 13. 39 9.70 9.57 9 48 9.23 8.80 8. 27 6.60 7. 47 6. 14 4. 74 4. 04 .27 CO CO 05 i l * 20, 578, 799 5, 821, 847 604, 264 3, 623, 589 2, 594, 659 2, 568, 401 2, 535, 875 2, 433, 216 2, 303, 760 2, 184, 553 1, 730, 392 1,912, 549 1, 580, 058 1, 229, 295 1, 034, 922 65, 023 2.29 13. 73 9. 83 9. 73 9. 60 9. 22 8. 73 8. 27 6. 55 7.24 5. 98 4. 66 3. 92 .25 CO CO CO 2 s ■tf 20, 765, 037 5, 669, 156 601, 775 3, 716, 852 2, 631,728 2,612,246 2, 673, 010 2, 433, 441 2, 288, 051 2, 187, 119 1, 720, 815 1, 855, 026 1, 540, 254 1, 209, 180 1, 005, 375 59, 321 2.28 14. 06 9. 96 9. 88 9.73 9. 21 8. 66 8. 27 6. 51 7. 02 5. 83 4. 57 3. 80 .22 CO 1 CO 2 26, 354, 817 20, 950, 229 5, 404, 588 649, 001 3, 826, 112 2, 704, 053 2, 637, 885 2, 581, 054 2, 448, 002 2, 282, 982 2, 119, 972 1, 701, 168 1, 816, 317 1, 463, 793 1, 137, 967 938, 580 47, 931 2.46 14. 52 10. 26 10.01 9. 79 9.29 8.66 8. 04 6. 46 6. 89 5. 56 4. 32 3. 56 .18 1931-32 3 s * §1 iSlillalllSggS §§ g 1 it 11151 i R £ 1 5 CO o CO 05 8 S sT IS gSSISSilSssslg if glfiSSiiSfigi”' "SSS— -HTX* ^*e^Ct 906 3 32 701 940 27 20,083 56,230 213 } 2, 071 2-year, Negro, 12 grades (2-4 plan) . 3 3-year, white, 11 grades (3-2 plan) _ . _ _ 37 592 } 1, 773 15, 885 49, 891 3-year, white, 11 grades (3-3 plan) _ _ _ _ ... 66 3-year, Negro, 11 grades (3-3 plan) _ .... 3 3-year, white, 12 grades (3-2 plan) _ _ _ 7 289 7,538 3-year, white, 12 grades (3-4 plan) _ . _ _ 11 112 } 43, 486 2,758 1, 160, 804 3-year, white, 12 grades (3-3 plan) _ _ _ 1, 645 3-year, Negro, 12 grades (3-3 plan) . . . _ _ 60 4-year, white, 11 grades (4-2 plan).. _ _ _ 34 } 2, 724 918 67, 483 4-year, white, 12 grades (4-2 plan) _ _ . 225 4-year, Negro, 12 grades (4-2 plan) . . . . . . 29 Junior-Senior and Undivided High Schools Total _ _ _ ... _ _ _ _ 6, 203 74, 187 1, 812, 063 5-year, white, 11 grades or (2-3, 3-2 plan) . . . 179 } 1, 826 44, 258 5-year, Negro, 11 grades or (2-3, 3-2 plan) _ _ 34 5-year, white, 12 grades or (2-3, 3-2 plan) . . .. _ _ .. . 183 } 3, 512 86, 585 5-year, Negro, 12 grades or (2-3, 3-2 plan). _ _ 5 6-year, white, 12 grades (2-4 plan) 1, 389 27 } 13, 975 334, 985 6-year, Negro, 12 grades (2-4 plan) . . . . . . . 6-year, white, 12 grades (3-3 plan) . . _ . _ _ _ 1,604 } 28, 157 708, 016 6-year, Negro, 12 grades (3-3 plan) _ .. _ _ _ _ _ 123 6-year, white, 11 grades (2-4, 3-3 plan) .. ... _ _ _ 29 } 871 25, 769 6-year, Negro, 11 grades (2-4, 3-3 plan) _ 14 6-year, white, 11 grades .. ----- _ _ _ 17 } 179 4, 723 6-year, Negro, 11 grades . . . . . . 12 6-year, white, 12 grades _ .. _ _ ... ... . . 2,454 } 25, 200 596, 591 6-year, Negro, 12 grades. . _ _ _ _ _ ... 95 7-year, white, 12 grades (3-4 plan) . . . . 37 } 467 11, 136 7-year, Negro, 12 grades (3-4 plan) __ . _ _ _ _ 1 Senior High Schools Total _ _ _ 959 37, 376 972, 218 2-year, white, 12 grades _ .... . . . . . 9 394 9, i39 3-year, white, 11 grades _ _ _ _ .. _ _ _ 77 } 3, 324 88, 349 3-year, Negro, 11 grades. . _ _ ... . _ 3 3-year, white, 12 grades _ . . . . . 649 OQ f\Qr7 731, 235 3-year, Negro, 12 grades.. . . . . . . '.. ... 8 > 2o. Uo7 4-year, white, 11 grades . . . . . . .... 3 60 1, 500 141,995 4- vear, white, 12 grades . . . . . . . 205 } 5, 511 4-year, Negro, 12 grades . . . . . . . .. - 5 1 Supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 (2-3 plan) is 2 grades in junior high and 3 in senior. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 Table 13. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1937-38 — Continued Type Number of schools reporting Number of instructional staff Number of pupils Regular High Schools Total . _ -- _ 15, 056 137, 654 3, 227, 837 4-year, white, 12 grades _ _ . ... _ _ . . 9, 415 258 3, 176 591 4 992 76 336 208 } 108,155 } 26, 787 11 } 1,823 } 878 2. 531, 984 650, 697 172 29, 423 15,561 4-year Neero, 12 grades. . . ............ . ... 4-year white, 11 grades . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . 4-year, Negro, 11 grades.. _ _ _ _ _ _ ... 4-year white, 13 grades _ . . . _ _ _ _ _ 3-year or less, white, 12 grades - '3-year or less, Negro. 12 grades - ... - - ... ... . . . 3-year or less, white, 11 grades. _ _ _ _ _ _ .. . _ 3-year or less, Negro, 11 grades.. . .. - - - - - Other High schools with fewer than 10 enrolled: White _ .. - - _ .... ... 373 94 34 217 } 467 1,076 10, 810 2,871 34, 472 261,515 Negro - _ . _ . _ - _ Ungraded vocational day high schools - - Estimated number not reporting _ _ _ _ _ ... Table 14. — Public high schools enrolling more than 5,000 pupils in 1937—38 Rank in size Enroll¬ ment Name of school City and State 1 10, 476 James Monroe High School _ _ _ .. _ New York, N. Y. 2 9, 965 New Utrecht High School . _ ... . . ... Brooklyn, N. Y. 3 9, 621 Evander Childs High School _ New York, N. Y. 4 9, 569 Newtown High School.. _ _ Flushing (N. Y. City), N. Y. 5 9, 490 De Witt Clinton High School.. . . ... New York, N. Y. 6 8,115 Lane Technical High School _ * _ _ .... . Chicago, Ill. 7 7,941 Metropolitan Evening High School _ _ . ... Los Angeles, Calif. 8 7, 872 Julia Richmond High School _ New York N. Y. 9 7, 694 John H. Francis Polytechnic Evening High School Los Angeles, Calif. 10 7, 623 Walton High School _ _ _ _ .. ._ New York, N. Y. 11 7,581 Straubenmueller Textile High School .. ... Do. 12 7, 464 James Madison High School. _ .... _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 13 7, 444 Abraham Lincoln High School _ _ _ _ _ _ Do. 14 7, 378 Thomas Jefferson High School _ J _ Do. 15 7,277 Washington Irving Evening High School _ ... New York, N. Y. 16 7,244 Samuel J. Tilden High School _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 17 7, 234 Arsenal Technical High School ... _ Indianapolis, Ind. 18 7, 065 Theodore Roosevelt Evening High School _ i New York, N. Y. 19 7, 029 Evening High School of Commerce _ _ i San Francisco, Calif. 20 6, 874 Hollywood Evening High School . . ... _ 1 Los Angeles, Calif. 21 6,787 Erasmus Hall High School _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 22 6, 744 Frank Higgins Trade Evening High School. _ Los Angeles, Calif. 23 6, 730 Theodore Roosevelt High School _ _ . . .. New York, N. Y. 24 6, 678 John Adams High School _ .. _ Jamaica (Ozone Park), N. Y. 25 6,663 Girls Commercial High School _ ... . . Brooklyn, N. Y. 26 6,507 Brooklyn Technical High School . . _ _ Do. 27 6,313 Lindblom Technical High School... . _ _ ... Chicago, Ill. 28 6,293 Frank Higgins Trade High School ... _ . _ Los Angeles, Calif. 29 6, 289 Austin High School . ..... .... ..... Chicago, Ill. 30 6, 250 Haaren High School _ ..... _ New York, N. Y. 31 5,937 Jamaica High School . . _ _ _ Jamaica (N. Y. City), N. Y. 32 5, 919 Carl Schurz High School _ _ ... . Chicago, Ill. 33 5, 850 Washington Irving High School ...... New York, N. Y. 34 5, 822 J. Sterling Morton High School . . . . . _ Cicero, Ill. 35 5, 623 Seward Park High School _ _ _ _ _ New York, N. Y. 36 5,525 West Philadelphia High School _ _ Philadelphia, Pa. 37 5, 463 George Washington High School. . . ...... New York, N. Y. 38 5, 421 Morris High School . . . . . Do. 39 5,408 Harlem Evening High School.. .. _ .. ... Do. 40 5,309 | Crane Technical High School . . Chicago, Ill. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 Table 14. — Public high schools enrolling more than 5,000 pupils in 1937^38 — Con. Rank in size Enroll¬ ment Name of School City and State 41 5,248 Bay Ridge High School _ _ _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 42 5, 177 Manual Training High School _ _ _ Do. 43 5, 121 Olney High School _ _ Philadelphia, Pa. 44 5, 120 Boys High School _ _ _ . _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 45 5,085 Evening High School. . . . . . . . Glendale, Calif. 46 5,075 Union High School. . . _ . Phoenix, Ariz. 47 5, 068 Stuyvesant High School _ .. _ New York, N. Y. 48 5, 034 Girls High School .. ... - . Brooklyn, N. Y. 49 5,019 Central High School . . . . ... ..... Tulsa, Okla. 50 5,017 Grover Cleveland High School. __ _ .. ... Brooklyn, N. Y. Table 15. — Public high schools, by size, 1929-30, 1933—34, and 1937-38 1929-30 1933-34 1937-38 Enrollment Number of schools Percent Number of schools Percent Number of schools Percent Total .. _ _ ... 22, 237 100.0 23,213 100.0 24, 590 100.0 10-24 _ 2, 077 9.4 1, 470 3, 139 3, 364 2, 795 5, 594 1,964 1, 696 6.3 1,372 5.6 25-49 _ 3, 866 17.4 13.5 2, 643 3, 051 10.7 50-74 3, 521 2,543 4, 603 1,633 1,478 1, 421 15.8 14. 5 12.4 75-99 _ 11.4 12.0 2, 661 10.8 100-199 _ 20.7 24. 1 6,407 2, 561 26. 1 200-299 7.3 8.5 10.4 300-499 6.7 7.3 2, 271 1, 940 9. 2 500-999 _ 6.4 1, 740 7.5 7.9 1,000-2,499 _ 934 4.2 1,219 232 5.3 1, 444 5.9 2,500 or more _ _ . _ 161 .7 1.0 240 1.0 Private Schools Elementary Schools From reports made to the U. S. Office of Education by non-Catholic schools and to the National Catholic Welfare Conference by Catholic schools, data for 9,730 out of approximately 11,300 private elementary schools have been assembled. They show 2,153,000 pupils enrolled in nursery, kindergarten, and elementary grades in 1939-40. This constituted 10.3 percent of the total enrollment in public and private kindergartens and elementary schools as compared with 10 percent in 1931-32. This slight increase in the percentage in private versus public elementary schools is not due to an increase in the number of children attending private elementary schools as there was a decrease of 171,000 pupils, or 7.4 percent, between 1932-33 and 1939-40. Rather it is due to the larger decrease in the public-school enrollment in the same period, 10.1 percent. The private elementary school, especially the parochial school system, partly made up in enrollments in new schools what it lost because of fewer children being born. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 The private elementary schools employed approximately 65,000 teachers in 1939-40. In number of elementary schools by religious affiliation or control the Roman Catholic and Lutheran churches headed the list with 7,944 schools and 890 schools, respectively (table 16). Nonsectarian schools were third in importance with 566 schools reported. Table 16. — Teachers and enrollment in private elementary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 Religious affiliation or control Number of schools re¬ porting Teachers Enrollment Men i Women Boys Girls Total _ 9, 730 3,871 60, 976 1, 079. 252 1, 074, 027 Baptist... - - - - 18 6 30 476 457 Brethren _ . - - 2 1 4 75 52 Church of Christ, Scientist. . . 8 3 26 156 228 Congregational.. - _ - - - 10 6 37 444 510 Friends. _ _ _ . .. . _ _ _ 25 20 159 1, 574 1, 466 Jewish _ _ _ _ _ 4 26 16 982 27 Lutheran.. . ----- - - 890 1, 107 312 28, 248 26, 564 Methodist.. . . _ _ _ 26 8 47 608 874 Presbyterian... _ .. - 26 19 72 1, 026 1, 079 Protestant Episcopal. . .. ... .. _ ... 100 99 184 2, 873 2,317 Reformed _ _ . ... _ - 6 4 11 406 97 Roman Catholic _ _ . ... ... _ 7, 944 2,007 58, 074 1, 018, 694 1,016,488 Seventh-day Adventist - - - 62 12 84 1,595 1,484 Other denominations . ... _ 43 17 81 1, 125 1,200 Nonsectarian - - 566 536 1,839 20, 970 21, 184 Secondary Schools Data are also available for 2,997 private secondary schools out of a total of 3,568 such schools. From the two most recent studies of private elementary and secondary schools by the U. S. Office of Education (1932-33 and 1940-41), pupils in private secondary schools were found to account for 6.5 percent of all pupils in public and pri¬ vate secondary schools in 1939-40 as compared with 6.3 percent of the total in such schools in 1932-33. Private secondary school en¬ rollments increased 32.6 percent from 1932-33 to 1940-41 as compared with an increase of 28.4 percent for pufclic secondary schools for the period 1931-32 to 1939-40. The more rapid growth in private than public secondary school enrollments since 1932-33 may be partially due to an abnormally low enrollment in private schools in 1932-33 caused by the impact of the economic depression upon such schools. The private secondary schools employed 30,000 teachers in 1940-41. By religious affiliation or control the Roman Catholics led with 2,105 schools, followed by 534 nonsectarian schools and 101 Protestant Episcopal schools (table 17). 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 Table 17.— Teachers and enrollment in private secondary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 Religious affiliation or control Number of schools' re¬ porting Teachers Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls Total _ _ _ 2, 997 11, 547 18, 583 214, 463 243, 305 Baptist . . . . . 24 154 91 1, 754 1,309 Brethren _ _ _ . _ _ 4 8 13 106 128 Church of Christ, Scientist _ _ 8 17 18 108 61 Church of the Nazarene _ _ _ 2 8 6 132 151 Congregational. . . . . . 9 28 53 592 674 Friends _ _ _ _ 19 140 138 1,284 1, 212 Lutheran _ _ _ 25 102 42 1,322 1, 040 Mennonite _ ... . _ _ 2 8 4 74 83 Methodist _ _ _ 28 132 148 1,481 1,470 Moravian _ _ _ _ _ ... 2 6 23 48 135 Pilgrim Holiness . . 2 12 87 90 Presbyterian _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 90 122 1,672 1, 560 Protestant Episcopal _ . ... . _ 101 591 453 5, 498 3, 025 Reformed _ _ _ _ _ 8 102 20 1,681 296 Roman Catholic _ _ _ _ 2, 105 6,536 14, 440 157, 583 203, 540 Seventh-day Adventist _ _ _ _ 70 213 181 2, 212 2,500 Unitarian .. _ _ _ . . . . . _ 2 5 9 87 Other denominations _ _ _ _ 23 181 141 1,708 1,511 Nonsectarian _ _ _ _ _ 536 3, 226 2,669 37, 034 24, 520 High-School Graduates The increase in the annual number of high-school graduates since 1900 is one of the outstanding accomplishments of the American edu¬ cational system (table 18). 1 In 1940 there were approximately 1,228,200 graduates from public and private high schools. The num¬ ber of students being graduated annually from high school increased from fewer than 100,000 in 1900 to more than 1,200,000 in 1940. The 1940 Census showed 18,034,195 persons 25 years of age and over who had been graduated from high school (table 38, p. 41). In addi¬ tion, there were approximately 7,429,000 high-school graduates 18-24 years of age in 1940. This makes more than 25,000,000 high-school graduates, or 28 percent of the population 18 years of age and over. In 1930 approximately 29 'out of each 100 persons of high-school graduating age (assumed to be 17 years) were graduated from high school. By 1940 it was approximately 51 in 100 (table 19). i For data for 1870 to 1899, inclusive, see U. S. Office of Education Bulletin 1940, No. 2, Chapter I, Statistical Summary of Education, 1937-38, p. 12. ’■ 19 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION Table 18. — High-school and college graduates , 1900-1940 Year High school College Total Boys Girls Total Men Women 1900 _ 94,883 38, 075 56,808 • 25, 324 17,220 8.104 1901 _ 97, 221 37, 446 59, 775 26, 484 17,744 8, 740 1902 _ 99, 277 38, 622 60, 655 26, 732 17, 777 8, 955 1903 _ _ _ 105, 231 41, 261 63, 970 27,585 18,206 9,379 1904 _ 111, 736 44. 154 67. 582 28,117 18, 276 9,841 19C5 _ 119, 329 47, 185 72, 144 29.040 19, 166 9, 874 1906 _ 125. 860 49,800 76,060 29. 484 19, 607 9, 877 1907 _ 127, 194 50, 928 76, 266 29! 665 19, 579 10,086 1908 _ 128, 654 52, 120 76, 534 31,089 20, 363 10. 726 1909 _ _ _ 141, 574 57, 492 84,082 34, 834 22, 989 11,845 1910 _ : _ 156. 429 63, 676 92, 753 34. 178 22, 557 11, 621 1911 _ _ ---- 167, 918 68, 779 99, 139 34, 719 22, 220 12. 499 1912 _ 180, 574 74, 422 106, 152 36, 805 22. 819 13. 986 1913 _ 199, 783 82,289 117, 494 39, 926 24, 954 14. 972 1914 _ 218, 784 90, 057 128, 727 42, 039 26, 274 15; 765 1915 _ _ _ 239, 728 99, 309 140, 419 42, 053 26,704 15, 349 1916 _ 259. 396 108, 137 151, 259 43. 705 28. 190 15. 515 1917 _ 272. 222 110, 114 162, 108 40. 810 23, 874 16, 936 1918 _ _ _ 285; 047 111,772 173, 275 37, 915 19. 716 18. 199 1919 _ 298, 156 117, 694 180, 462 42, 621 25, 218 17, 403 1920 _ 311.266 123, 684 187, 582 48, 622 31, 980 16,642 1921 _ 334, 133 136, 523 197, 6f0 54, 758 36. 350 18. 408 1922 _ 357,000 149, 876 207. 124 61,668 41,306 20, 362 1923 _ _ _ 425. 503 181, 239 244. 264 71,450 47. 626 23, 824 1924 _ _ 494, 006 213, 442 280, 564 82, 783 54, 908 27, 875 1925 _ 527,738 229, 656 298, 082 89, 590 58,346 31,244 1926 _ 561.469 246, 080 315.389 96, 956 61.936 35, 020 1927 _ 579, 062 256. 131 322, 931 103. 816 64, 785 39, 031 1928 _ 596, 655 266, 315 330. 340 111,161 67, 659 43, 502 1929 _ 631,778 283. 277 348, 501 116, 685 70, 568 46.117 1930 _ 666, 904 300, 376 366, 528 122. 484 73, 595 48.889 1931 _ 746, 948 337. 489 409, 459 130. 040 78, 284 51,756 1932 _ 826, 991 374, 729 452, 262 138, 063 83, 271 54, 792 870, 922 402, 871 468, 051 137, 954 83. 313 54. 641 1934 _ 914, 853 431, 860 482, 993 i 137. 845 i 83, 354 1 54, 491 1935 _ 965, 099 458, 738 506, 361 i 140, 903 i 84. 992 1 55, 911 1936 _ 1, 015, 345 485, 616 529, 729 i 143, 961 i 86, 629 1 57, 332 1937... _ 1,067, 712 504. 873 562, 839 154. 452 92, 154 62, 298 1938 _ 1,120, 079 524, 129 595. 950 164, 943 97, 678 67, 265 1939 _ 1, 174, 163 551,089 623, 074 175, 722 103, 754 71,968 1940 _ 1, 228, 246 578, 048 650, 198 186,500 109,829 76, 671 1 Revised since original publication in Statistics of Higher Education. Table 19. — Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools per 100 persons 17 years of age , 1869-70 to 1939-40 Year Number grad¬ uated from high school Number 17 years of age 1 Number grad¬ uated per 100 persons 17 years of age 1869-70 _ 16,000 23, 634 43, 731 94, 883 156, 429 311, 266 815, 000 949, 026 1, 259, 177 1, 489, 146 1, 786, 240 1, 855, 173 2, 295, 822 2 2, 424, 000 1.2 1879-80 2.5 1889-90 _ 3.5 1899-1900 _ 6.4 1909-10 _ _ 8.8 1919-20 _ 16.8 1929-30 666,904 1, 228, 246 29. 1 1939-40 . •- 50.7 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Estimated. 532705°— 43- 4 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 Urban and Rural Public Schools Through its collection of data for State school systems and for city school systems, the U. S. Office of Education is able to compile data for rural schools 2 which represent the difference between the two types of data. In 1939-40 there were 37,700 school buildings in urban areas as compared with 189,062 buildings in rural areas. Al¬ though there were more children 5-17 years of age, inclusive, in rural than urban areas, urban schools accounted for 52 percent of the total enrollment (table 20) , because urban children attend school to a greater extent than rural children. The average urban pupil in the United States had the advantage of a school term of 181.7 days and the urban pupils enrolled attended school 87.1 percent of the time. In com¬ parison, the average rural pupil attended a school which was in session only 167.6 days and was present 86.2 percent of the time. As a result, rural pupils averaged 14 days less schooling in 1939-40 than urban pupils. Table 20. — Comparison of urban and rural public schools, 1939—40 Item Urban Rural Population, Apr. 1, 1940 1 _ . 74, 423, 702 14, 703, 957 37, 700 57, 245, 573 15, 041, 289 189, 062 Population 5-17 years of age (inclusive), Apr. 1, 1940 1 . . _ Number of school buildings Total teachers. . . . _ __ _ 423, 816 451, 661 Men 86, 580 337, 236 108, 145 Women _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 343, 516 Percent of men teachers. . _ _ . . . _ . . _ _ 20.4 23.9 Total enrollment 13, 309, 547 12, 123, 995 Boys .. . . . _ _ _ _ _ _ 6, 747, 247 6, 562, 300 6, 185, 170 5, 938, 825 Girls . _ Aggregate days attended . . . . . . . . 2, 105, 646, 344 11, 587, 667 11. 8 1, 752, 365, 991 10, 454, 484 2.4 Average daily attendance . . . . _ _ _ _ Average instructional staff 2 per school building Average number of pupils enrolled per school building . . 353 63 Average number of pupils enrolled per teacher _ _ _ 31. 4 26. 8 Average length of school term in days . . . . 181.7 167.6 Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily _ _ _ 87. 1 86. 2 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled _ _ 158. 2 144. 5 Instructional staff: 2 Number of positions . . . 445, 852 465, 983 Average salary _ _ $1, 937 $967 Current expense, excluding interest: Total amount . . .. _ .. . . . . . _ _ $1, 213, 507, 345 $105 $728, 291, 883 $70 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ . Interest payments: Total amount _ . $88, 507, 753 $42, 859, 143 $4. 10 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ _ _ $7. 64 Capital outlay: Total amount ... _ $132, 249, 323 $11.41 $127, 096, 669 $12. 16 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ Indebtedness: Total amount _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ .. $2, 086, 727, 000 $749, 005, 283 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ _ _ .. $180 $72 Estimated value of school property: Total amount _ _ _ _ _ $5, 390, 927, 351 $2, 244, 185, 195 Per pupil enrolled _ _ _ _ . $405 $185 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 All schools outside incorporated places of 2,500 population or more. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 Associated with the greater number of schools in rural than urban areas is the fact that the majority of all teachers (52 percent in 1939- 40) are found in rural areas. Also, the proportion of men teachers is slightly higher in rural than urban areas, 23.9 and 20.4 percent, respectively. The average rural supervisor, principal, or teacher in the United States receives just half the annual salary of his urban counterpart, or $967 as compared with $1,937. Urban-rural differences in current expense, excluding interest, per pupil are also significant although less marked than the differences in teachers’ salaries. In 1939-40 the current expense, excluding inter¬ est, per pupil in average daily attendance was $105 in urban areas and $70 in rural areas. For all other financial items except capital outlay amounts were much higher for urban than rural children. In the case of capital outlay $11.41 was spent per urban pupil in average daily attendance in. 1939-40 in comparison with $12.16 per rural pupil. The urban-rural data as a whole, however, offer substantia¬ tion of the fact that rural children are seriously handicapped as com¬ pared writh urban children in the educational opportunities available to them. Selected Data for State School Systems In its various publications the U. S. Office of Education presents data for individual schools and for States. It is obviously impossible in a brief summary of statistics on education to include detailed data. Because of the widespread interest in State data for public day schools, however, two tables have been included in this chapter which make possible comparisons among the States 3 with regard to provisions for. public education. The U. S. Office of Education does not attempt to rank the States with regard to either quantity or quality of educational offerings, but it does collect data which show the range among the States with regard to certain measurable characteristics. The States vary considerably in the average number of days schools are in session, ranging in 1939-40 from 187.6 days in Maryland to 145.7 days in Mississippi (table 21). The average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled is directly related to length of school term. Thus the average number of days attended ranged from 167.9 days in Maryland to 116.1 days in Mississippi. Obviously the pupils in Maryland take greater advantage in terms of attendance of the school facilities available than do those in Mississippi. Another measure of the extent to which pupils attend school is the proportion of those enrolled who attend daily. In 7 States the pupils enrolled in 1939-40 attended school an average of only 4 out of 5 days. The great differences among the States are the result of many factors, such as geographic distances, urban-rural distributions, racial differences, 3 For the data on whioh the ratios are based, see Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1938~40, Chapter II, Statistics 7if State School Systems, 1939-Jfl. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 and financial ability. Only when the affecting factors are taken fully into account can the variations by State be correctly interpreted. Table 21. — Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios, and number of administrative units in public day schools, by State, 1939-40 State Aver¬ age length of school term in days Average number of days attended by each - pupil enrolled Per¬ cent of pupils enrolled attend¬ ing daily Percent of popu¬ lation 5-17 years of age, in¬ clusive, enrolled in public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools Percent of total enroll¬ ment in secon¬ dary grades (9-12) Num¬ ber of pupils in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher Percent of pupils enrolled trans¬ ported at public expense Num¬ ber of admin¬ istra¬ tive units Continental United States _ 175.0 151.7 86.7 85.3 26.0 25.2 16.3 116,999 Alabama _ _ ._ _ _ 153.5 126.7 82.5 85.2 14.6 29.2 25.5 111 Arizona _ _ _ 168.9 135.5 80.2 84.8 20.2 26.1 19.7 405 Arkansas. ... _ 158.6 127.2 80.2 87.0 15.7 29.1 22.2 2. 907 California. _ . 176.6 157.0 88.9 95.9 30.4 27.6 10.3 2,993 Colorado.. _ _ ... 171. 9 154. 7 90.0 87.5 26.2 22.3 12.2 1, 868 Connecticut ... _ _ 183.1 166.7 91.2 80.7 30.3 26.6 14.6 169 Delaware. . _ 182.1 162.6 89. 1 80.8 27.3 24.1 25.3 16 Florida _ _ _ .. .. 167.5 148.2 88.5 86.6 21.0 24.8 21.7 67 Georgia _ ... 162.2 128.3 79. 1 88. 1 17.1 25.6 23.7 1,203 Idaho.. _ 174.5 152.8 87.6 93.7 28.3 23.5 11.8 1, 195 niinois _ _ _ _ 184.6 161.5 87.5 80.4 30.1 23.8 1.6 11,996 Indiana. .. ... _ _ 170.0 149.4 87.9 90.4 29.4 27.5 33.3 1, 152 Iowa _ _ .. 176.6 153. 1 86.7 91.0 27.7 19.5 11.7 4, 869 Kansas. . _ _ i 172. 4 151.6 87 9 93.7 29.8 19.6 5.9 7, 394 Kentucky. _. _ 159. 1 129.9 81.6 79.5 16. 1 26.2 16.8 262 Louisiana. _ _ _ 169.0 142.2 84.2 76 3 21.0 26.8 27.3 67 Maine. _ 177.7 161.4 90.8 82.3 24.5 24.1 19.3 510 Maryland. _ _ 187.6 167.9 89.5 72.8 23.6 29.8 22.9 24 Massachusetts _ _ 179.7 161.5 89.9 78.6 31.3 25.4 7.8 351 Michigan. . .. . _ 183.0 162.5 88.8 83.0 29.6 26.3 5.8 6, 466 Minnesota _. _ 172.8 153.9 88.7 82.9 28.7 21.5 14.2 7,685 Mississippi _ 145.7 116.1 79.7 97.2 12.3 32.1 23.5 4, 954 Missouri.. _ 179.1 153 2 85.5 86.2 25. 1 22.7 11.5 8, 661 Montana - - - - - 171.8 157. 5 91.7 85.0 29.8 18.9 10.6 2, 066 Nebraska _ _ _ ... 176.0 154.8 87.8 91.4 29.4 17 6 2.9 7, 063 Nevada _ _ _ _ _ 174. 1 149.5 85.9 2 100. 4 28. 1 20.1 12.7 255 New Hampshire _ . 176.2 156.8 89 0 72.2 28.6 22.9 17.7 241 New Jersey . _ 185.2 164.0 88.6 85.2 29.8 23.5 12. 5 559 New Mexico _ ... 175. 0 140.4 80.2 86.7 17.6 28.0 20.5 1,730 New York . _ ... .. 184.3 158.8 86.2 86.0 32.0 23.8 7.4 6, 433 North Carolina _ _ .. 164.3 146.5 89.1 86.3 22.8 32.2 37.7 171 North Dakota _ 172.7 154.2 89.3 83.6 24.5 17.2 13.6 2, 274 Ohio _ _ 180.5 166.8 92.4 84.3 30.6 25.7 25.0 1, 668 Oklahoma .. _ i 175. 6 139.3 79.3 2 101. 2 22.8 24.0 19.7 4, 174 Oregon _ . _ . 174.3 153.4 88.0 90.8 32.3 22.8 17. 2 2,015 Pennsylvania . . . . 181.6 163. 5 90.1 82.2 29.5 27.4 11. 1 2, 535 Rhode Island... _ 180.0 157.4 87.4 75.8 26.7 26.4 3.8 39 South Carolina _ _ 163.0 130.3 79.9 85.7 18.0 25.6 16 6 1,738 South Dakota _ _ 174.9 154. 1 88. 1 86. 1 27.9 15.3 7.2 3, 429 Tennessee. _ _ . 166.3 ' 137. 7 82.8 85.6 16.7 26.6 19.7 162 Texas _ 171.9 144.4 84.0 82.8 25.7 24.7 21.8 5,664 Utah _ 174.8 158.5 90.7 91.7 31.6 28.0 24.0 40 Vermont _ 179.2 155.8 86.9 79.2 21.2 21.3 10.6 60 Virginia.. . . ... _ 180.2 156.8 87.0 82.2 20. 1 27.9 29.7 124 Washington _ _ _ 178.7 148.0 82.8 98.6 31.9 25 9 29.2 1,411 West Virginia. . _ _ . . 176.1 160. 1 90.9 86.3 20.3 28.9 28. 1 55 Wisconsin _ _ ... _ . 180.3 164. 1 91.0 76.4 29.8 23.7 4.2 7,392 Wyoming..! _ _ _ 176.7 148.5 84.0 97. 1 29.0 18.5 24.3 375 District of Columbia. . . 178.8 154.0 86.1 90.7 26.0 27. 1 .3 1 5 Data for 1937-38 2 Includes duplicates STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION! 23 Three measures which throw light on variations in organization and administrative practices are the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher, the proportion of all pupils enrolled trans¬ ported at public expense, and the number of administrative units. The number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher in 1939-40 ranged from 32.2 pupils in North Carolina to 15.3 pupils in South Dakota. Some States have gone far in the development of transportation of students at public expense to consolidated schools while others have not taken this step. For example, 37.7 percent of all pupils enrolled in the public schools of North Carolina in 1939-40 were transported to school at public expense in contrast with the 1.6 percent transported in Illinois. Also some States have many adminis¬ trative units, such as Illinois with 11,996 units and Minnesota with 7,685 units, while at the opposite extreme, exclusive of the small States of Delaware and Rhode Island, are Maryland with 24 units and Utah with 40 units. In terms of sources of financial support for public schools, States also show wide differences. Thirty-three of the 48 State public- school systems received a larger proportion of their receipts in 1939-40 from local governments than from county, State, or Federal sources, but in 12 States the State itself was the most important governmental source of revenue, and in 3 States (Nevada, Tennessee, and Virginia) the county was most important (table 22). Table 22. — Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1939-40 Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental sources Average salary of princi¬ Annual expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance for: Value of school property State Federal State County Local pals, su¬ pervisors, and teachers Current expense (includ¬ ing in¬ terest) Capital outlay per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance Continental United States _ 1.7 30.3 6.7 61.3 $1, 441 $94. 03 $11. 70 $340 Alabama _ 3.9 54.3 23.4 18.4 744 37. 03 4. 77 102 Arizona _ _ _ 4.7 20.8 33.8 40.7 1,544 102. 03 21.85 264 Arkansas _ _ 3. 1 44.2 3.6 49. 1 584 34.18 2. 60 116 California. . _ _ 3.6 46.3 1.9 48.2 2, 351 150. 15 26.38 415 Colorado. ... . ... . .7 9.1 19.7 70.5 1,393 97. 38 8.20 338 Connecticut . . .5 9. 1 90.4 1,861 1,684 1, 012 114. 54 6.05 475 Delaware 7.0 85.9 7. 1 110. 10 25. 33 566 Florida _ _ _. 1.0 51.2 16.8 31.0 65. 67 4.89 258 Georgia _ _ _ 1.5 56.9 16.4 25.2 770 43. 13 2. 04 138 Idaho _ . . . 1.1 15.9 22.8 60.2 1, 057 81.65 12.01 278 Illinois _ .. _ . . .9 10.0 . 1 89.0 1,700 121. 09 19. 31 517 Indiana. . ... .... .7 33.9 .6 64.8 1, 433 89. 18 10.91 345 Iowa . . . .8 1.5 2.5 95.2 1,017 90.32 16. 73 311 Kansas _ _ ... . . . 1.1 12.4 13.5 73.0 1, 014 87. 84 11.97 358 Kentucky. _ . . . .. ... 2.1 40.4 26.4 31.1 826 48.90 3. 76 151 Louisiana. . ... _ 1.5 52.8 29.0 16.7 1, 006 60. 66 15. 39 182 Maine. ...... ...... 1.2 15.8 83.0 894 64.78 1. 36 239 Maryland. . _ . . . 1.1 21.6 31.0 46.3 1, 642 90. 29 10.95 336 Massachusetts _ _ ... .6 10.3 89. 1 2,037 1,576 116. 66 7. 70 498 Michigan _ 2.1 42.1 .4 55.4 100. 67 9. 09 424 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 22. — Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1939-40 — Continued State Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental- sources Average salary of princi¬ pals, su¬ pervisors, and teachers Annual expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance for: Value of school property per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance Federal State County Local Current expense (includ¬ ing in¬ terest) Capital outlay Minnesota _ 1.1 36.0 1.4 61.5 $1, 276 $104. 20 $17. 65 $440 Mississippi _ _ .• -- 2.8 37.5 19.2 40.5 559 31.23 2. 35 123 Missouri _ . — - -- 1. 1 32. 1 1.2 65.6 1, 159 83. 80 3. 77 294 Montana - _ 1.3 13.9 17.5 67.3 1, 184 110. 89 19.99 384 Nebraska _ _ _ 1.3 6.6 .9 91.2 829 77.10 4.03 339 Nevada . 3.9 22.0 48.8 25.3 1,557 136. 45 26. 70 424 New Hampshire. 5. 5 5.2 89.3 1, 258 93. 61 21.95 366 New Jersev __ 2.7 6.0 14.4 76.9 2, 093 148.54 12. 44 564 New Mexico _ 1.1 78.8 8.6 11.5 1,144 79. 59 15.97 178 New York. .4 33. 1 66.5 2, 604 169. 90 25. 33 611 North Carolina _ _ _ . 2.7 65.8 23.3 8.2 946 44. 39 4.82 150 North Dakota _ _ 1. 2 19.9 7.8 71.1 745 • 74. 70 5. 84 353 Ohio. .... _ 4.9 35.5 1.4 58.2 1,587 103. 83 17. 47 399 Oklahoma. ... 1.8 39.2 7.0 52.0 1, 014 67. 89 2. 62 201 Oregon _ . _ _ . .8 1.9 23.9 73.4 1.333 101. 85 10. 80 377 Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ .7 21.0 78.3 1, 640 106. 05 8.84 395 Rhode Island _. 1.0 10.5 88. 5 1,809 116. 53 5. 23 446 South Carolina... _ 1.9 48.6 5.2 44.3 743 42. 65 4. 36 137 South Dakota __ ... ... 1.7 16.0 3.3 79.0 807 90.71 8.94 346 Tennessee _ _ 1.8 34.0 48.5 15.7 862 45.61 8.02 96 Texas.. _ ... _ 1.0 42.2 .8 56.0 1,079 70.83 9. 52 256 Utah _ 7.1 39.1 32.6 21.2 1, 394 81.74 18. 51 341 Vermont _ _ . 7.6 15.6 76.8 981 86.20 12. 18 277 Virginia. _ _ ... .. 4.5 32.4 37. 1 26.0 899 50.37 11.17 179 Washington. . . . 1.0 62.5 5.2 31.3 1,706 108. 56 4. 35 377 West Virginia. . 4.1 51. 2 47.7 1, 170 65. 25 4. 39 206 Wisconsin _ _ __ 3.5 21.5 8.8 66.2 1, 379 93.82 10.23 520 Wyoming _ . ... ... . 8.5 18.8 20.2 52.5 1, 169 110.00 15. 84 280 District of Columbia _ 15.0 85.0 2,350 131. 74 22. 50 641 The average annual salary of principals, supervisors, and teachers, of course, is higher than that for teachers alone. The combined figure, however, does reflect the wide differences from State to State in the average remuneration of the staffs of the public schools. The range in 1939-40 was from $2,604 in New York to $559 in Mississippi. In terms of annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense, the States were spending from $169.90 in New York to $31.23 in Mississippi. The value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance ranged from $566 in Delaware and $564 in New Jersey to less than $100 in Tennessee. In all of the financial data by States which show wide variations in support, the point should not be lost sight of that by and large the States which spend the smallest amounts per pupil actually make the greatest STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 efforts to support public education. Because they have a larger than average number of children to support per person of working age and a lower than average per capita income, they cannot provide educational facilities comparable to those provided by the wealthier States. Seventy Years of Progress in the Public-School System For seven decades the U. S. Office of Education has collected data on the public elementary and secondary school system. In the 70 years from 1869-70 to 1939-40, the proportion of children of school age (5-17 years, inclusive) in the total population has decreased from a little less than one-third (31.3 percent) to less than one-fourth (22.6 percent) (table 23). The proportion of the total population enrolled in public schools has changed but little (from 18 percent to 19 percent) because the smaller proportion of children has been coun¬ terbalanced by a larger proportion attending school, especially in the high-school age group. The proportion of the 5-17 year age group attending school increased from 57 percent in 1869-70 to 85 percent in 1939-40, and the proportion of the total enrollment in high school rose from 1.2 percent in 1869-70 to 26 percent in 1939-40. The average school term has increased from about 6K months to 8% months since 1870, or by one-third, but the number of days attended annually by each pupil enrolled has increased from 78 to 152 days, or 95 percent. Even more significant is the increase in the average number of days attended annually for each child 5-17 years of age, from 45 to 129 days or 187 percent. This reflects both the greater number enrolling and the longer time they remain in school. The higher level of living, changes in the cost of living, and increased emphasis on educational preparation of teachers are some of the fac¬ tors reflected in the increase in the average annual salary of public- school teachers from $189 in 1869-70 to $1,441 in 1939-40 and in the increase in the total expenditure per capita of population for public elementary and secondary education from only $1.64 to $17.77. The average daily cost per pupil attending school has increased from 12 cents to 60 cents and the yearly cost from $15.55 to $105.74. Much of this increase is due not only to increases in teachers’ salaries but also to increases in subjects taught and services offered by the modem public schools as compared with the schools of 70 years ago. Table 23. — Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system , 1869-70 to 1939-40 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1938-40 1939-40 131, 891, 632 29, 805, 259 25, 433, 542 6, 601, 444 22, 042, 151 3, 858, 012, 335 87S. 477 194, 725 680, 752 226, 762 $7, 635,112, 546 3| S' !' Si 23, 104, 293 1, 490, 424, 784 658, 983, 264 88, 014, 704 g 5 I 6 257, 973, 601 1, 369, 510, 172 716, 565, 154 22.6 19.3 85.3 26.0 86.7 1937-38 130, 215, 000 30, 789, 000 25, 975, 108 6, 226, 934 22, 298, 200 3, 877, 815, 957 877. 185, 103 692, 163 229, 394 $7, 115, 377, 402 5 1 S' K 24, 029, 905 1, 493, 066, 021 632, 714, 2ll 73, 074, 524 i o a * £ 238, 853, 496 1, 309, 292, 447 684, 964,111 23.6 19.9 84.4 24.0 85.8 1933-34 126, 425, 000 32,392, 749 26, 434, 193 5, 669, 156 22, 458, 190 3, 853, 033, 594 847. 120 161, 949 685, 171 241, 428 $6, 624, 771,206 I S' o QO S 22, 058, 583 1, 317, 898, 716 402, 500, 724 68, 194, 070 1 '£ i *4 59, 276, 555 1, 103, 705, 671 557, 123, 003 25.6 20.9 81.6 21.4 85.0 1929-30 122, 775,046 31, 571, 322 25, 678, 015 4, 399, 422 21, 264, 886 3, 672, 765, 005 854. 263 141, 771 712, 492 247, 289 $6, 211,327,040 s 3 1 £ 27, 516, 517 1, 645, 687, 651 329, 312, 434 86, 040, 235 1 If o co ti 370, 877, 969 1, 295, 201, 424 650, 710, 991 25.7 20.9 81.3 17.1 82.8 1919-20 105, 710, 620 27, 728, 788 21, 578, 316 2, 200, 389 16, 150, 035 2, 615, 161, 151 ^ 679. 533 95, 654 583, 648 271, 319 $2,409,719, 120 8 s' I 26, 036,098 758, 896, 551 134, 278, 753 50, 908, 896 I -r §' s 153, 542, 852 613, 404, 578 269, 203, 779 26.2 20.4 77.8 10.2 74.8 o 1 91, 972, 266 24, 239, 948 17, 813, 852 3 915, 061 12, 827, 307 2, Oil, 477, 065 523. 210 110, 481 412, 729 265, 474 $1,091,007,512 1 2 14, 096, 555 312, 221, 582 64, 604, 701 42, 140, 859 1 s 1 69, 978, 370 253, 915, 170 102, 356, 894 26.4 19.4 73.5 5.1 72.1 1899-1900 75, 602, 515 21, 404, 322 15, 503, 110 3 519, 251 10, 632, 772 1,534, 822, 633 423. 062 126, 588 296, 474 248, 279 $550, 069, 217 I s' CS s 9, 152, 274 149, 486, 845 37, 886, 740 23, 240, 130 QC 50 I 1 35, 450, 820 137, 687, 746 41, 826, 052 28.3 20.5 72.4 3.3 68.6 1889-90 62, 622, 250 18, 543, 201 12, 722, 631 3 202, 963 8, 153, 635 1,098,232, 725 363. 922 125, 525 238, 397 224, 526 $342, 531, 791 $143, 194, 806 7, 744, 765 97, 222, 426 26, 345, 323 11, 882, 292 a t I 26,207,041 91, 836, 484 22, 463, 190 29.6 20.3 68.6 1.6 64.1 I 50, 155, 783 15, 065, 767 9, 867, 395 3 110, 277 6, 144, 143 800, 719,970 286. 593 122, 795 163, 798 178, 122 $209, 571,718 i i s' 55, 942, 972 30.1 19.7 65.5 1. 1 62.3 i 38, 558, 371 12, 055, 443 6, 871,522 2 3 80, 227 4, 077, 347 539, 053, 423 200, 515 77, 529 122, 986 116, 312 $130, 383, 008 $63, 396, 666 37, 832, 566 31.3 17.8 57.0 1.2 59.3 a 2 A. — General statistics Total population 1 _ _ _ Children 5-17 years of age (inclusive) P.. Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) _ . Pupils enrolled in public high schools. __ Average daily attendance _ Total number of days attended by all pupils. _ Total teachers _ Men _ Women ... .. ..... Number of schoolhouses . . Value of all school property . . . B. — Financial statistics Total revenue receipts _ Income from permanent funds and lands. County and local taxes and appropria¬ tions _ .. State taxes and appropriations All other sources _ Total expenditures _ Sites, buildings, furniture, libraries and apparatus. _ Salaries of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers. . . All other purposes _ C. —Derived statistics Percent school population is of total population _ Percent of total population enrolled _ Percent of children 5-17 years of age (in¬ clusive) enrolled _ Percent of pupils in high school _ Percent of children enrolled attending each day . . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Higher Education Higher education has made significant advances during the past decade. The academic year 1933-34 marked a low point because of general curtailment of incomes and expenditures but since that time there has been a steady development of institutions of higher educa¬ tion. Staff, including administrative and instructional personnel, increased from 99,935 persons in 1933-34 to 131,552 persons in 1939-40 (table 24). During the same period the regular session enrollment of students rose from 1,055,360 to 1,493,203 (table 24 and fig. 1). Only 307,690 students were enrolled in a college or university for the first time in 1933-34 in comparison with 417,550 in 1939-40. Table 24. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1933-34 to 1939-40 Itepa 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 Number of institutions on mailing list- - _ 1, 460 1, 695 1,773 1, 751 ’ A. Staff, students and degrees: Number reporting staff, students and degrees _ _. . - - 1,418 1, 628 1, 690 1,708 Staff i (full-time equivalent) : Total _ 99, 935 110, 225 123, 677 131' 552 Men _ ... ._ - . 71, 592 78, 316 87, 990 94, 536 Women ... . .. . 28, 343 31, 909 35, 687 37, 016 Resident college enrollment: Regular session only - 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 1, 350, 905 1, 493, 203 Men ... _ _ 615, 720 709, 672 803, 893 892, 250 Women . _ _ 439, 640 498, 555 547,012 600, 953 Summer session _ ... 303, 754 370, 026 429, 864 456, 679 Men... . _ _ 119,486 135, 752 158, 794 185, 277 Women . .. .. _ 184, 268 234, 274 271, 070 271, 402 Third week of fall term (men and women) _ 2 765, 661 3 1, 077, 484 3 1, 219, 867 3 1, 364, 815 Students enrolled for first time (men and women).. 3 307, 690 366, 730 367, 980 417, 550 Arts and sciences: U ndergraduate _ 510, 619 601, 702 689, 290 744, 827 Men. ... _ .. . . 283, 189 328, 729 374, 147 406, 556 Women. _ 227, 430 272, 973 315, 143 338, 271 Graduate _ _ 38, 696 41, 348 48, 917 54, 584 Men.. . 23,292 24, 356 29, 065 33, 711 Women _. _ 15, 404 16, 992 19, 852 20, 873 Professional schools: Undergraduate . . 453, 102 527, 222 581, 184 646, 999 Men _ _ 282, 995 336, 763 381, 203 424, 487 Women.. _ 170, 107 190, 459 199, 981 222, 512 Graduate _ 32, 136 38, 223 41,884 51, 535 Men. . _ _ 21, 885 24, 211 26, 789 33, 917 Women. . . . 10, 251 14,012 15, 095 17, 618 Degrees: Bachelor’s (including first professional) _ _ 136, 156 143, 125 164, 943 186, 500 Men .. _ 82, 341 86, 067 97, 678 109, 829 Women _ _ ... 53, 815 57, 058 67, 265 76, 671 Master’s _ 18, 293 18, 302 21, 628 26, 731 Men ... . . 11, 516 11,503 13, 400 16, 508 Women.. . .. 6, 777 6, 799 8, 228 10, 223 See footnotes at end of table. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 Table 24. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1933-34 to 1939-40 — Con. Item 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 A. Staff, students and degrees — Con. Number reporting staff, etc.— Con. Degrees— Continued. 2,830 2, 770 2,932 3,290 2, 456 2, 370 * 2, 502 430 2,861 429 374 400 Honorary (men and wo- 1, 280 1, 347 1,500 1, 452 B. Receipts: 1, 357 1,541 1, 586 1,609 Receipts for educational and gen- eral purposes: $138, 257, 350 55, 533, 447 19, 826, 685 $158, 134, 025 60, 090, 075 43, 233, 704 $178, 996, 228 70, 654, 211 29, 344, 723 $200, 896, 617 71, 304, 241 38, 859, 955 Federal Government _ State and local governments: State } 117, 551, 114 f 119, 585, 147 { 21, 049, 547 37, 115, 240 140, 959, 123 22, 090, 702 151, 222, 535 24, 392, 256 40, 452, 846 27, 467, 860 36, 908, 257 Sales and services of organized 17, 758, 828 24, 942, 821 27,946,942 32, 776, 630 Miscellaneous and unitemized 12, 330, 113 26, 954, 992 15, 207, 831 11, 383, 036 Receipts for other noneducational purposes..- _ _ ... 9, 653, 266 0) (*) 0) Receipts for increase of physical plant _ . 41, 802, 871 (1 2 3 4) 58, 263, 888 66, 208, 774 Total _ 440, 181, 534 491, 105, 551 580, 371, 905 637, 496, 890 Auxiliary enterprises and activities. Receipts for increase of permanent 87, 983, 321 106, 479, 162 130, 523, 094 143, 923, 145 funds . .. ... ...... 27, 477, 968 47, 038, 548 49, 583, 420 44, 517, 684 C. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures _ 1,327 1, 540 1,586 1,609 Educational and general expendi¬ tures: Administration and general expense $43, 154, 673 $48, 069, 292 $56, 405, 850 $62, 826, 835 Resident instruction: Colleges, schools, and de¬ partments 203, 331, 619 14, 154, 858 17, 063, 860 225, 143, 586 20, 240, 598 22, 090, 800 15, 530, 878 253, 006, 388 24, 031, 154 25, 212, 977 17, 588, 240 280, 247, 703 27, 224, 769 27, 266, 103 19, 487, 079 Related activities _ Organized research . . . Libraries. . . _ ..... _ 13, 387, 323 Physical plant operation and maintenance . _ 51, 046, 180 56, 801, 592 62, 737, 655 69, 611, 807 Subtotal _ 342, 138, 513 387, 876, 746 29, 426, 534 438, 982, 264 486, 664, 296 Extension _ _ 20, 020, 217 34, 189, 063 35, 325, 461 Total itemized expendi¬ tures . . . .. 362, 158, 730 7, 502, 347 417, 303, 280 2, 579, 553 473, 171, 327 2, 020, 311 TJnitemized expenditures Total educational and gen¬ eral expenditures . . . . 369, 661, 077 419, 882, 833 475,191,638 521, 989, 757 Auxiliary enterprises and activ¬ ities 78, 730, 428 95, 331, 995 115, 619, 721 124, 184, 299 Other noneducational expendi¬ tures. ... _ _ _ 20, 937, 898 29, 502, 932 26, 175, 774 47, 369, 407 23, 573, 786 70, 465, 662 28, 514, 329 83, 764, 961 Capital outlay _ D. Property: Number reporting property _ 1, 269 1, 362 1,434 1,440 Endowment funds 6 _ $1, 472, 946, 354 43, 756, 819 $1, 553, 610, 393 42, 028, 871 27, 465, 736 $1, 652, 620, 181 43, 782, 400 $1, 686, 282, 767 49, 536, 799 28, 784, 189 Annuity fund s . . _ Student loan funds... . . _ 23, 024, 392 25, 438, 555 Grounds, buildings, and improve¬ ments6.. _ _ _ _ 1,887,696,493 365, 180, 972 1, 970, 807, 391 388, 611, 098 2, 132, 181, 751 423, 892, 820 2, 303, 302, 488 450, 477, 675 Equipment . . . . . Total. _ _ _ _ 3, 792, 605, 030 3, 982, 523, 489 4, 277, 915, 707 4, 518, 383, 918 1 Administrative and instructional. 4 Included under receipts for educational and general purposes. 2 Incomplete data. * Includes funds temporarily functioning as endowments. 3 Estimated for schools not report- 8 Includes unexpended plant funds, ing this item. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 25. — Increase in college enrollment and population 18—21 years of age , 1899-90 to 1939-40 Enrollment Population 18-21 years of age Number enrolled Year Number Percent in¬ crease since 1889-90 Number Percent in¬ crease since 1889-90 per 100 per¬ sons 18-21 years of age 1889-90 _ 156, 756 237, 592 355, 215 597, 857 1, 100, 737 1, 493, 203 5, 151, 067 5, 930, 765 7, 335, 453 3 1899-1900. _ _ _ 51.6 15.1 4 1909-10 _ 126.6 42.4 5 1919-20 . . * _ 281.4 7, 343, 794 9, 026, 741 » 9, 636, 000 42.6 8 1929-30 - 602.2 75. 2 12 1939-40 _ 852.6 86.9 15 1 Estimated. Since only from 12 to 15 percent of the persons of college age (18-21 years, inclusive) were in college during the decade 1930-40, changes in the total number in this age group will not have the same direct effect upon college enrollments as population changes have on ele¬ mentary and secondary school enrollments, if the upward trend toward continuation of education beyond the secondary school level continues. Summer Session Enrollment Summer school enrollments in institutions of higher education increased steadily from 132,850 students in 1919 to 414,260 students in 1931 (table 26). The economic depression caused a reduction to 303,750 students in 1933 but since then the number has steadily risen to the 456,680 students reported in 1939. This was an all-time peak up to that time, 244 percent greater than the 1919 enrollment, 10 percent greater than the previous peak enrollment in 1931, and 6 percent greater than the 1937 enrollment. Table 26 .—Enrollment in summer session and in extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education , 1919-20 to 1939-40 Year Enrollment Year Enrollment Summer session 1 Extension and correspondence Summer session 1 Extension and correspondence 1919-20 _ 132, 849 220, 311 278, 125 340, 461 382, 776 388, 006 101, 662 155, 163 194, 147 324, 819 360, 246 354, 133 1931-32 _ 414, 260 303, 754 370, 026 429,864 456, 679 2 265, 265 * 208, 507 * 251, 469 * 295, 351 « 292, 236 1921-22 1933-34 1923-24 1935-36 1925-26 1937-38 1927-28 1939-40. . 1929-30 _ 1 For odd years. 2 Does not include 174,921 noncollegiate students. 3 Does not include 45,484 noncollegiate students. * Does not include 46,452 noncollegiate students. 6 Does not include 75,822 noncollegiate students. « Does not include 70,145 noncollegiate students. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION! 31 Extension and Correspondence Work Institutions of higher education conduct extension and correspond¬ ence work on both the secondary and college levels. Data for these two levels were not separated by the U. S. Office of Education prior to 1931-32. Enrollment in extension and correspondence work combined of institutions of higher education increased rapidly from 101,660 students in 1919-20 to 440,190 students in 1931-32. In the latter year, 175,000 of the total were noncollegiate students (table 26). In 1939^0, the total for all students in these two fields was 362,380, of which 70,000 were of noncollegiate grade. Considering collegiate extension and correspondence work only, there was a decline during the depression of the early thirties and then a rise until 1937-38. The 1939-40 enrollment of 292,236 students was 1 percent below the 1937-38 total. Junior Colleges Since the U. S. Office of Education does not request reports from junior colleges offering less than 2 years of work or from non accredited institutions having fewer than 50 college students, the number of junior colleges included in the Biennial purvey of Education (456 in 1939-40) is less than that published in the Junior College Directory , the official publication of the American Association of Junior Colleges. This directory for 1940 fists 575 institutions, some with enrollments as low as 9 students of college grade. Only 3 more institutions reported to the U. S. Office of Education in 1939-40 than in 1937-38, but this gain was the result of reports being received from 8 more publicly controlled and 5 fewer privately controlled institutions. With an increase of only 3 institutions reporting, junior college enrollments increased from approximately 121,500 students in 1937-38 to almost 150,000 students in 1939-40. Of the increase of 28,500 students, 25,500 were in publicly conti oiled institutions (table 27). Table 27. — Junior colleges and their enrollment , 1919—20 to 1939—40 „ Year Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number i Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1919-20 _ 52 8, 102 10 2,940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24 _ 132 20, 559 39 9,240 93 11, 319 1925-26 _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 _ 248 44, 855 114 28,437 134 16, 418 1929-30 _ 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32 _ 342 85, 063 159 58,887 183 26, 176 1933-34 _ 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36 _ 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 1937-38 _ 453 121, 510 209 82,041 244 39, 469 1939-40 _ 456 149,854 1 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 One of the striking trends in education during the past two decades has been the rapid growth in the number and enrollments of junior colleges. While a majority of the junior colleges are privately con¬ trolled, the enrollments in publicly controlled institutions have in¬ creased much more rapidly than those in privately controlled insti¬ tutions and today account for more than two-thirds of all junior college students. College Graduates A total of 186,500 bachelor’s or first professional degrees was con¬ ferred by institutions of higher education in 1940. There has been a steady increase in the annual number of graduates from 25,000 in 1900 to the current total (table 18, p. 19) .4 The 1940 Census showed 3,407,331 persons 25 years old and over who had completed a college education (table 38, p 41). In 1940 there were an estimated 525,000 persons who had graduated from college but who were not yet 25 years of age. Therefore, there were approximately 3,930,000 college graduates in the total population in 1940. Of the approximately 84,000,000 persons 21 years old and over, the college graduates consti¬ tuted 4.7 percent. An additional 4,600,000 (5.5 percent) who had finished only 1 to 3 years of college work makes 10.2 percent of the population of voting age who have finished 1 year of college or more. Not until after 1910 were more than 2 out of each 100 persons of graduating age (assumed to be 21 years) annually completing 4 years of college. In 1940 more than 8 out of each 100 persons 21 years of age received a bachelor’s or first professional degree (table 28) . Table 28. — Number of persons graduated from college per 100 persons 21 years of age , 1869-70 to 1939-40 Year Number grad¬ uated from college 1 Number of persons 21 years of age 2 Number grad¬ uated per 100 persons 21 years of age 1869-70 9, 371 725, 000 998, 964 1.3 1879-80 10, 353 1.0 1889-90 _ 14, 306 25, 324 34, 178 1, 246, 876 1, 426, 849 1, 789, 404 1,821,712 2, 211, 031 1.2 1899-1900 _ 1.8 1909-10 _ _ .. _ 1.9 1919-20 _ _ 48, 622 2. 7 1929-30 _ 122, 484 5. 5 1939-40 _ _ 186, 500 3 2, 250, 000 8.3 1 Bachelor’s and first professional degrees only. 2 U. S. Bureau of the Census data for even years. 2 Estimated. Degrees Granted by Institutions of Higher Education More bachelor’s, master’s, and doctor’s degrees were granted by institutions of higher education in 1939-40 than in any previous year. The 186,500 bachelor’s and first professional degrees granted in 1939-40 were 64,000, or 52 percent more than those granted in 1929-30 and 13 percent more than in 1937-38. The 26,730 master’s degrees * For data for 1870 to 1899, inclusive, see U. S. Office of Education Bulletin 1940, No. 2, op. cit., p. 12. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION) 33 granted in 1939-40 were almost 11,800, or 79 percent more than those granted in 1929-30 and 24 percent more than those granted in 1937-38. The 3,290 doctor’s degrees granted in 1939-40 were almost 1,000, or 43 percent more than those granted 10 years earlier, and 12 percent more than were granted in 1937-38. The proportions of all degrees granted to men and to women remained almost constant during the 1930-40 decade with approximately 60 percent of the annual total granted to men. The number of degrees granted to men increased 53 percent and those granted to women increased 58 per¬ cent during the decade. Therefore, with respect to the number of all degrees received, women advanced at a slightly more rapid rate than men. The number of degrees granted by professional schools or by schools of arts and sciences with a major in a professional field is the best indication of the supply of college-trained people available in each field of specialization. In 1939-40, 140,836 professional degrees and degrees to arts and sciences majors in professional fields were con¬ ferred (table 29). The largest number of these degrees for profes¬ sional work was in education (54,862), the second largest number in commerce (19,725), and the third largest in engineering (15,808). Professional schools granted 83.9 percent of the degrees given for professional work and colleges of arts and sciences 16.1 percent of these degrees. Table 29. — Professional degrees granted by institutions of higher education , 1939—40 Field Degrees Bachelor’s Master’s (professional degrees) 2 Doctor’s (professional degrees) 3 Professional degrees Majors in arts and sciences 1 Total _ 102, 174 22, 687 14, 957 1, 018 Agriculture _ _ _ _ _ 5,085 254 615 149 Architecture ... _ ... _ . ..... 495 98 Commerce _ ... ... . _ . . _ ... 13, 059 5,977 652 37 Dentistrv ... . _ _ _ 1,856 4 98 91 Education.. ... ... . . . 38, 289 6,616 9,578 379 Engineering (all branches) _ _ _ _ 13, 808 540 1, 336 124 Fine arts . . . . . . . 557 1, 003 76 Forestry. . . . . . . ... 887 54 4 Home economics . . . . . . . 3,569 2,352 200 5 Journalism . ... ... ........ _ _ . 712 885 48 2 Law _ . . _ .. . _ 7, 168 3 751 340 35 Library science . . . . 994 368 52 3 Medicine.. . . . ... _. 5,490 « 2, 041 231 59 Music _ _ ... ..... 1. 634 1, 503 368 8 Nursing. _ _ _ 536 299 106 Osteopathy _ _ _ _ . . 430 Pharmacy _ ... _ ... ..... 1, 473 46 11 Theology. ..... ... _ _ ... . . 1, 458 416 57 Veterinary medicine. . . . 499 • 3 Other 4. 275 647 145 1 Does not include majors granted in fields other than those specified. The total number of bachelor’s degrees granted by colleges of arts and sciences in 1939-40 was 84.495. 2 Does not include 11,774 master’s degrees granted by colleges of arts and sciences. 3 Does not include 2,272 doctor’s degrees granted by colleges of arts and sciences. * Predentistry. * Prelaw. 6 Premedicine. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 There were approximately 15,000 master’s degrees granted by professional schools in 1939-40, or 3,600 more than were granted in 1937-38. The four major professional fields in which master’s degrees were granted were education, engineering, commerce, and agriculture. There were 1,018 doctor’s degrees granted by professional schools in 1939-40, 165 more than in 1937-38. The three major professional fields for doctor’s degrees were education, agriculture, and engineering. There were in addition 11,774 master’s and 2,272 doctor’s degrees granted by colleges of arts and sciences, which represented increases of 15 percent and 9 percent, respectively, over the number of master’s and doctor’s degrees granted by these schools in 1937-38. The in¬ creases may be compared with the increases of 32 percent and 19 percent, respectively, in master’s and doctor’s degrees granted by professional schools. Schools of Nursing Data for the year 1939-40 are available for 1,304 schools of nursing in continental United States or for 94 percent of all such institutions, both accredited and nonaccredited, known to the U. S. Office of Education. These schools fall into three types: Those connected with general hospitals, those connected with hospitals for the mentally diseased, and those connected with college and university hospitals. Ninety -five percent of the graduates are women (table 30) .5 6 Although only 131 of- the total number of schools of nursing reporting for 1939-40 were affiliated with college and university hospitals, these schools had 555 of the 606 graduates of courses requiring 4 years or more. These schools are particularly important in terms of preparation of nurses for teaching, supervisory, and administrative positions. Table 30. — Enrollment and graduates of 1,304 schools of nursing, 1939-40 Item Total Men Women Enrollment: Total _ _ _ _ _ 97, 345 2, 064 95, 281 Entering students . _ . _ _ _ _ _ 37, 200 1, 459 35, 741 Graduates: Total _ _ 24, 076 1,211 22, 865 Course of 5 years or more. . . _ _ _ 469 5 464 4-year course.. _ _ . .. _ _ .. _ 137 1 136 3-year course _ ... . .. _ _ 22,064 217 21, 847 2-year course... _ . . _ _ 61 2 59 Course of 1 year or less _ .. . _ _ _ . .. - 1,345 986 359 Teachers The number of teachers employed in the various types of educa¬ tional institutions fluctuates in response to changes in enrollment, organization, and offerings. For all schools and colleges combined, there were 6,800 more teachers in 1939-40 than in 1937-38 and 64,400 5 Not only do men constitute a very small proportion of the total but also 979 of the 1,211 men graduated in 1939-40 had merely completed- a 10-week course at the United States Naval Hospital in San Diego, Calif. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 more than in 1929-30 (table 31). The public elementary schools lost 19,600 teachers during the biennium 1937-38 to 1939-40, while the public high schools, including junior high schools, gained 17,800 teach¬ ers during the same period. The number of public elementary teach¬ ers decreased by 65,700 during the 193CM:0 decade while public high- school teachers increased by 87,000 during the 10-year period. To some extent these changes, which resulted in a net increase in teachers, were due to a shifting during the decade of seventh- and eighth-grade teachers from the 8-4 elementary-regular high-school organization to the 6-3-3 elementary- junior-senior organization or 6-6 elementary- undivided or junior-senior high school organization. In 1929-30 only 26.8 percent of seventh- and eighth-grade students were in the junior or junior-senior high schools. In 1937-38, the last year for which such data are available, 34.7 percent of the seventh- and eighth-grade students were in the reorganized high schools. It is not possible to show comparable figures for teachers by individual grades over a period of years. There will, of course, be further decreases in the number of elementary school teachers with the expected continued decrease in elementary school enrollments. Probably there will be some further increases in number of high-school teachers before the decreasing elementary school enrollments have an appreciable effect upon the high-school enrollments, unless other factors operate to check the increase in numbers entering and completing high school. Table 31. — Teachers in schools and colleges , 1909-10 to 1939—40 Type of school, by level 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Total _ 158, 574 471, 633 151, 215 663, 958 >217, 138 >820, 467 300, 905 801, 078 Kindergarten and elementary schools: Public . . . . — . 91, 691 397, 418 63, 024 523, 244 67, 239 573, 718 67, 140 508, 060 Private-.. . . . - 5, 171 29, 572 6,322 38, 977 3 1,466 3 60, 101 3, 871 60,976 Secondary schools: Public1 * 3 _ _ _ 20, 290 23, 311 32, 386 70, 289 74, 532 138, 774 126, 837 173, 440 Private 3 * _ 4, 512 6, 634 5,698 9, 248 2 8, 157 2 13, 631 11, 547 18, 583 Preparatory departments of colleges. _ _ _ 2, 807 1,741 2,714 1,568 1,564 1, 251 1, 968 1,753 Higher education: Normal schools and teachers colleges: Public _ _ - 1,692 3,122 2,963 5, 161 5,315 7,588 4 4, 946 4 5, 737 Private.. - - ---- _ 503 597 597 866 680 880 4 365 4 657 Universities, colleges, and professional schools. _ _ _ 27, 336 3, 230 33, 229 8, 020 55, 297 15, 112 480, 936 4 24, 176 Residential schools for exceptional children _ . . _ . _ 1, 134 2, 352 8 1, 165 3 2, 744 « 1, 578 « 6, 571 7 1, 107 7 4, 599 Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans. . _ 1,702 2, 456 141 652 447 1, 132 438 947 Private commercial and business schools _ ... 1,736 1, 200 2,976 3, 189 8 1, 863 8 2, 211 8 1, 750 8 2, 150 1 Does not include 1,000 men and 502 women duplicates in universities, colleges, and professional schools. * Data for 1927-28. 3 Data for 1929-30 and subsequent years include teachers in junior high schools. 4 Includes duplicates between noncollegiate and collegiate departments and critic teachers in institutions of higher education. 3 Data for 1917-18. 6 Data for 1926-27. 7 Distribution by sex estimated. 8 Data for 1928-29. 8 Estimated. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 The number of teachers in institutions of higher education conduct¬ ing resident classes of college grade increased by approximately 8,000 during the biennium 1937-38 to 1939-40. Of this total 400 were in teacher-training institutions. During the decade 1930-40 the increase for all higher education was 32,000 teachers, or 37.6 percent. This is to be compared with an increase in resident students in regular session during the decade of 35.7 percent, which indicates the close relation¬ ship between changes in enrollments and in instructional staffs. Of the total number of teachers in 1929-30, 21 percent were men and 79 percent were women. In 1939-40 these percentages were 27 and 73, respectively. War conditions have a direct effect upon the proportion of men and women teachers. From 1913-14 to 1917-18, during World War I, the proportion of men teachers dropped from 24 percent to 20 percent. A similar decrease in the proportion of teachers who are men is to be expected in the immediate future. Schools for Negroes Public schools Seventeen States and the District of Columbia maintain a dual system of public education. Within this group of States there are not only marked differences in the provisions for white pupils and for Negro pupils, but also marked differences in the educational provi¬ sions for each racial group separately. Thus, the average length of the 1939-40 school term for white children ranged from 187.8 days in Maryland to 157.1 days in Alabama (table 32). For Negro children the range was from an estimated 187 days in Missouri to 124.1 days in Mississippi. Even with their shorter terms Negro children were unable to take advantage of the available educational facilities to the same extent as white children. On the average, white children attend¬ ed school 84.9 percent of the days school was in session in comparison with 80.4 percent for Negro children. Another measure of compara¬ tive provisions for whites and Negroes is the number of pupils en¬ rolled per member of instructional staff, as there is a recognized rela¬ tionship between size of staff and quality of instruction. In every State, except Kentucky, Oklahoma, and West Virginia, the number of Negro pupils enrolled per instructional staff member was greater than the number of white pupils. The greatest variations of all, however, occurred in average annual salary of principals, supervisors, and teachers. Only in the District of Columbia were there no differences in salaries reported for whites and Negroes. In 5 of the 13 States STATISTICAL SUMMAKY OF EDUCATION 37 reporting on this item, average salaries for Negroes were less than half those for whites. In evaluating this situation, the current efforts of the Southern States to reduce the salary differential must be taken into account. Table 32. — Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia , 1939-40 State Average length of school term in days in schools for— Average number of days attended by each pupil en¬ rolled in schools for— Number of pupils enrolled per mem¬ ber of instruc¬ tional staff1 in schools for — Average annual sal¬ ary of principals, supervisors, and teachers in schools for — Whites Negroes Whites Negroes Whites j Negroes Whites Negroes Total. . . 170.8 15G.3 145.0 125.7 29.2 37.7 Alabama _ 157.1 146.8 130.0 120.5 31.5 42.0 $878 $412 Arkansas _ 163.1 144.3 132.0 112.7 33.7 44.0 636 375 Delaware. . . 182.9 177.5 163.2 156.8 25.6 28.8 1, 715 1,500 Florida... . . 168.6 164.4 151.7 139.2 25.7 31.1 1, 148 585 Georgia.. . 165.8 155.4 133.8 118.5 29.0 38.8 924 404 Kentucky . . 158.2 170.4 129.3 137.5 30.3 27.2 (2 3) (2)‘ Louisiana . . . 179.1 151.1 152.3 125.0 27.6 41.9 1, 197 509 Maryland _ 187.8 186.7 170.2 159. 1 31.0 34.8 1,689 1, 446 Mississippi - 165.4 124.1 135.6 95.9 31.3 45.7 776 232 Missouri _ 3 178. 6 3 187. 0 3 153. 4 3 151. 5 26.2 32.5 (2) (2) North Carolina . 164.3 164.4 149.3 140.0 33.2 37.3 1,027 737 Oklahoma _ _ 175.7 175.0 139.4 137.8 29.8 27.9 1, 016 993 South Carolina _ 174.8 146.7 146.5 110.2 27.9 38.1 953 391 Tennessee. _ 166.2 166.8 137.8 137.2 31.3 37.2 (2) (2) Texas _ 173.8 161.6 148.1 126.1 26.7 34.4 1, 138 705 Virginia _ 180.2 180.2 158.8 150.8 29.2 35.3 987 605 West Virginia - - 176.1 176.1 159.9 162.9 28.1 27.3 (2) (2) District of Columbia. 178.8 178.8 156.7 149.8 27.7 340 2,350 2,350 1 Principals, supervisors, and teachers. 2 Separate data not available. 3 Estimated on basis of 1935-36 report. Institutions of Higher Education Of the 108 separate institutions for the higher education of Negroes in the United States known to the U. S. Office of Education, 105 reported information for the academic year 1939-40 (table 33). There are one or more such institutions in every State with separate public schools for whites and Negroes and also one institution in Kansas, one in Ohio, and two in Pennsylvania. The 105 institutions had a total enrollment at the collegiate level in 1939-40 of 43,003 students. Negro women constituted 57.2 percent of the total en¬ rollment in these separate institutions. In all institutions for higher education in the United States combined, women students constituted 40.2 percent of the total. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 Table 33.- - Resident college enrollment of institutions for the higher education of Negroes y by sex and State , 1939-40 Total Alabama _ Arkansas... Delaware... Florida _ Georgia . State Number of institutions Resident college enrollment 1 reporting Men Women 105 18, 392 24, 611 7 5 1 4 11 1,681 448 42 637 1,473 2, 017 632 72 1, 140 2,331 Kansas _ Kentucky. . Louisiana.. Maryland.. Mississippi. 1 27 2 409 4 1,124 4 355 7 489 17 530 1, 385 471 545 Missouri _ North Carolina Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Pennsylvania... 3 11 1 1 2 387 1,985 403 386 472 624 3,139 360' 500 143 South Carolina. - Tennessee _ Texas _ Virginia _ West Virginia.. 11 1, 136 8 1, 531 11 1, 928 6 1, 635 3 653 1,696 1,948 2, 975 1, 763 791 District of Columbia. 2 1, 191 1,527 i Regular session only. School Survival Rates Not only have the opportunities for obtaining an education increased over a period of time but also the advantage taken by the public of these opportunities has constantly increased. This is shown by the ever larger proportion of students who remain in school a longer time. Because of the retardation in the first four grades, survival rates cannot be based satisfactorily upon the enrollments in those grades. Also, no data are available on the number of pupils who enter the first grade for the first time. Therefore, survival rates of pupils are based upon 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade. On account of compulsory attendance laws few pupils now leave school before they enter the fifth grade in spite of the effect of retardation. Of 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in 1906-7, 139 were graduated from high school in 1914 and 23 from college in 1918 (table 34 and fig. 2) . The progress that has been made in recent years is shown by . the fact that of 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in 1928-29, 378 were graduated from high school in 1936 and 69 from college in 1940. These figures represent gains of 172 percent and 200 percent, respec¬ tively, in the proportions completing high school and college. Although the 1928-29 fifth grade is the most recent class that can be followed through college graduation, the 1932-33 fifth grade can be followed through high school. For every 1,000 fifth graders in 1932-33, there were 457 high-school graduates in 1940. This is 187 more STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 pupils per 1,000 than were graduated in 1931, a gain of 69 percent (table 35). Table 34. — Number surviving through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated Education Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in — 1906-07 *1920-21 j 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26; 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 Fifth grade C - - High-school graduation _ College graduation - Year of college graduation - 1,000 139 23 1,000 241 56 1918 1932 1,000 245 53 1,000 252 52 1,000 270 51 1, 000 302 53 1,000 316 57 1,000 333 60 1, 000 355 65 1,000 378 1933 1934 1935 ! 1936 1938 1939 1940 i Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. Table 35. — Number surviving, by grade or year, per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated Grade or year Elementary: Fifth L. Sixth _ Seventh, Eighth,, High school: II _ III..,. . IV _ Graduates _ Year of graduation. College: I _ Graduates _ Year of graduation. Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in — ' J 1 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 I 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 893 911 911 919 928 939 954 943 929 935 782 798 815 824 834 847 861 872 884 889 719 741 745 754 779 805 825 824 818 831 582 612 642 677 714 736 760 770 780 786 441 470 509 552 588 624 647 652 651 664 347 384 421 453 485 498 512 529 546 570 310 344 370 400 415 432 454 463 482 512 270 302 316 333 355 378 403 417 432 457 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 122 118 112 129 135 139 51 53 57 60 65 69 1935 1936 1937 1938 1 1939 j 1940 i Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. There has also been a large increase in the power of the high school to hold those who enter until graduation. Of 1,000 pupils who entered high school in the fall of 1927, only 465 were graduated in 1931 (table 36). Of 1,000 pupils who entered in 1936, 581 were graduated in 1940, a gain over the 9-year period of 116 pupils per 1,000 or 25 percent. More than half of the students who entered college in 1936 completed a 4-year course in 1940 (505 out of 1,000 entering students) (table 37). This was a gain of 87 students, or 21 percent, in the 5 years since 1935. Thus, the data reflect the rapid progress in recent years in extending the period of formal education. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Percent 1936 1940 Figure 2. — Change over 22 years in percent of fifth-grade pupils who were graduated from high school and from college. Table 36. — Number surviving by high-school year per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in the years indicated High-school year Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in first year of high school in— 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-36 1936-37 I 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 II _ _ 758 768 793 815 823 848 852 847 835 845 Ill _ _ 596 627 656 669 680 677 674 687 700 725 IV _ _ 533 562 577 591 582 586 597 601 618 651 Graduates _ _ ... 465 495 492 492 498 513 531 541 554 581 Year of graduation.. 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 i 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 41 Table 37. — Number surviving through college per 1,000 enrolled at specified levels Number per 1,000 surviving to graduate from college in— Level 1935 1938 1939 1940 Fifth grade _ _ - _ 51 60 65 69 First year of high school _ _ 88 89 90 94 First year of college - - -- - 418 467 479 505 Educational Attainment of the Population The actual educational level of the population of the United States 25 years of age and over was obtained in connection with the 1940 Census (table 38). The data show both that the population has attained a relatively high average level of education with half of the total 25 years old and over having completed approximately 8K grades and that a relatively high proportion of the population has less than a fifth-grade education (13.7 percent). It is this latter group with little or no education which is of particular concern in connection with programs for adult education. For a discussion of the proportions of the population having completed high school and college, see pages 18 and 32. These data on the educational attain¬ ment of the population have taken the place of the former data on illiteracy. It is, therefore, not possible to obtain data from the 1940 Census on the number of illiterates 10 years of age and over comparable with such data in previous census reports. Table 38. — Educational attainment of the population 25 years old and over , 1940 School years completed Total 1 _ No school years completed _ Grade school: 1-4 years _ 5 and 6 years _ _ 7 and 8 years _ High school: 1-3 years _ 4 years _ College: 1-3 years _ 4 years or more _ Median school years completed _ Number cf ' persons 73, 733, 866 Percent 100. 0 2, 799, 923 3. 8 7, 304, 689 9. 9 8, 515, 111 11. 6 25, 897, 953 35. 1 11, 181, 995 15. 2 10, 551, 680 14. 3 4, 075, 184 5. 5 3, 407, 331 4. 6 _ _ 8. 4 1 Not including persons for whom school years completed were not reported! Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 Sources of Income for Education The total income for elementary and secondary schools, institutions of higher education, and residential schools for exceptional children in 1939-40 was $3,631,353,000. This included income from auxiliary enterprises and activities and for permanent funds as well as for current expense. The 1939-40 total was $172,000,000, or 5 percent more than that for 1929-30. Income for publicly and privately controlled education (not includ¬ ing income from auxiliary enterprises and activities or income for additions to permanent funds) increased $103,986,000, or 3.1 percent from 1937-38 to 1939-40, compared with an increase of $451,020,000, or 15.6 percent, in the previous biennium (table 39). The large increase in public funds from 1935-36 to 1937-38 was partly due to catching up on decreases occurring during the depression of the early thirties. The larger proportion of the biennial increase received from student fees in 1938-40 than 1936-38 (21.1 percent as compared with 4.6 percent) and the much smaller proportion of the increase received from public funds in the 1938-40 biennium than in the 1936-38 bien¬ nium (59.9 percent as compared with 80 percent) reflect the growing importance of student fees as a source of income for institutions of higher education. Table 39. — Biennial increases in income for education, by source , 1936-38 and 1938-40 Source 1935-36 to 1937-38 1937-38 to 1939-40 Amount Percent Amount Percent Total _ _ _ $451, 020, 000 100.0 $103, 986, 000 100.0 Public funds . . _ . _ 360, 610, 000 80.0 62, 279, 000 59.9 Student fees _ _ . _ _ 20, 862, 000 4.6 21, 900, 000 21.1 Gifts. . _ ... . . 20, 464, 000 4.5 5, 537, 000 5.3 Other sources. . . . .. _ . 49, 084, 000 10.9 14, 270, 000 13.7 Approximately one-third (34.1 percent) of the income for publicly controlled education in 1939-40 came from the State and Federal Governments with the Federal Government providing 3.4 percent (table 40). Slightly less than two-thirds (62.5 percent) came from county, city, or school district funds. The remaining 3.4 percent was from student fees and gifts, chiefly to publicly controlled institutions of higher education, and other sources. This was a larger proportion of income from Federal and State Governments and a smaller propor¬ tion from local governments and private sources than in 1937-38. For privately controlled education the major source of support in 1939-40 was student fees. It was not possible to separate the esti¬ mated income for private elementary and secondary schools into its sources. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 43 Table 40. — Sources of income for education , 1939-40 Source of income Total Elementary and second¬ ary schools Institutions of higher education Residential schools for exceptional children Grand total. . . . - Publicly controlled _ _ Total governmental _ _ Federal $3, 442, 911, 840 $2, 748, 470, 229 $637, 496, 890 $56, 944, 721 2, 914, 407, 837 2, 521, 470, 229 i 343, 700, 252 49, 237, 356 2, 817, 028, 916 2, 521, 175, 898 247, 564, 305 48, 288, 713 99, 066, 724 895, 069, 508 1, 822, 892, 684 39, 810, 339 684, 841, 308 1, 796, 524, 251 59, 256, 385 161, 939, 487 26, 368, 433 State _ County, city, or district _ Student fees. . . _ _ . 48, 288, 713 54, 988, 620 10, 428, 627 31, 961, 674 54, 988, 620 10, 134, 296 31, 013, 031 0) (2) 948, 643 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants. Other sources _ _ _ _ 294, 331 Privately controlled _ _ _ _ Total governmental . . 528, 504, 003 ' 3 227, 000, 000 4 293, 796, 638 5 7, 707, 365 14, 554, 896 10, 455, 910 4,098, 986 Federal _ _ _ ... 2, 590, 631 11, 786, 355 177, 910 2, 590, 631 7, 687, 369 177, 910 State. . _ 4, 098, 986 County, city, or district _ Student fees. . . 145, 907, 997 52, 981, 855 314, 797, 401 145, 907, 997 52, 981, 855 84, 450, 876 (2) (2) 3, 346, 525 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants. Other sources . . 3 227, 000, 000 1 Does not include $58,926,064 for auxiliary enterprises and activities or $6,464,804 for increase of permanent funds, including gifts for this purpose. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Estimated. 4 Does not include $84,997,081 for auxiliary enterprises and activities or $38,052,880 for increase of per¬ manent funds, including gifts for this purpose. 3 Includes $261,854 undistributed by source. One of the significant trends in the financing of the public elemen¬ tary and secondary school systems during the 1939-40 decade has been the constant increase in the proportion of funds supplied from taxation by the State treasury. Funds from this source increased from 16.7 percent of the total in 1929-30 to 30.7 percent in 1939-40 (table 41). The proportion of income supplied by the county govern¬ ments dropped from 10.6 percent to 6.7 percent in the same period and that supplied by city and local school district taxation decreased from 72.7 percent of the total to 62.6 percent. Table 41. — Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system 1929-30 to 1939-40 Year Total (per¬ cent) Source Year Total (per¬ cent) Source State County Local State County Local 1929-30 _ 100.0 16.7 10.6 72.7 1935-36 ... 100.0 29.4 7.1 63.5 1931-32 ... 100.0 19.5 8.8 71.7 1937-38 100.0 29.8 6.5 63. 7 1933-34 _ 100.0 23.4 9.4 67.2 1939-40 _ 100.0 30.7 6.7 62.6 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 Expenditures for Public and Private Education Data on expenditures for education in the United States are available for public and private elementary and secondary schools, institutions for higher education, State and private residential schools for excep¬ tional children, and Federal schools for Indians. Expenditures for current expenses, interest, and capital outlays amounted to approxi¬ mately $3,200,000,000 in 1939^10, an increase of about 6.2 percent over expenditures for the same purposes in 1937-38 (table 42). Al¬ though expenditures for education were greatly reduced during the depression of the early thirties, by the end of the 1930-40 decade they were 3.7 percent greater than in 1929-30. Table 42. — Expenditures for schools reporting , including capital outlay , 1939-40 School Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Total (continental United States) . . Elementary schools 1 . . . . . . Secondary schools 1 _ _ . _ _ _ _ $3, 199, 593, 443 $2, 696, 731, 306 $502, 862, 137 1, 611, 022, 709 960,026, 218 552, 368, 200 53, 386, 518 4, 270, 932 2, 266, 084 3, 185, 395 3, 284, 334 9, 783, 053 1, 445, 022, 709 3 899,026, 218 281, 840, 449 50, 751, 493 4, 169, 893 946, 195 2,084,081 3, 107, 215 9, 783, 053 2 166, 000, 000 2 61, 000, 000 270, 527. 751 2, 635, 025 101,039 1, 319, 889 1,101,314 177, 119 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (includ¬ ing preparatory departments) 4 _ _ Teachers colleges and normal schools 8 _ Schools for delinquents • _ . _ _ _ _ Schools for the blind • _ _ _ Schools for the deaf 6._- _ .. _ _ _ Schools for the mentally deficient 9 _ _ Federal schools for Indians _ _ _ 1 Distribution of expenditures between elementary and secondary schools based on a secondary school pupil costing 74 percent more annually than an elementary school pupil. 2 Estimated on basis of cost per pupil in public schools. 3 Includes $13,367,139 for night, summer, and part-time and continuation schools reported separately from day school expenditures. 4 Does not include $43,678,816 public, $71,501,281 private, and $115,180,097 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $6,012,812 public, $21,670,705 private, and $27,683,517 total for other non- educational expenditures. 8 Does not include $8,599,757 public, $404,445 private, and $9,004,202 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $742,291 public, $88,521 private, and $830,812 total for other noneducational expenditures. 8 Data for State and private residential schools reporting. Does not include city public schools. During the biennium 1938-40 expenditures for publicly controlled education increased 6.6 percent and for privately controlled education 3.8 percent. For the decade 1930-40 the increases were 3.8 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively. In 1939-40 the expenditures for pub¬ licly controlled education amounted to 84.3 percent of the total for all education in comparison with 82.1 percent a decade earlier. The $3,200,000,000 spent for education in 1939-40 gave direct employment to more than 1,300,000 people in educational institutions as administrators and teachers and as persons engaged in servicing the school plant, in transportation, in health work, etc. In addition educational institutions indirectly supported thousands of workers in industries supplying the materials for carrying on the educational process. In 1939-40 the cost of educating 26,394,000 persons in public insti¬ tutions was equal to 8.8 cents a day for each adult 21 years of age and STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 45 over (83,997,000) in the United States in 1940. The cost of educating 3,457,000 additional students in private institutions was 1.6 cents a day. Thus, an expenditure of 10.4 cents a day by each person of voting age would have paid the entire bill for public and private education in 1940. This amounted to $38.10 per adult for the school year as compared with $36.65 for 1937-38 and $44.34 for 1929-30. Although more money is being spent for education than a decade ago, the average expenditure per student is still considerably below the predepression level. Expenditure Per Pupil in City School Systems The U. S. Office of Education makes an annual sampling study of 180 or more cities to show the range in expenditures per pupil for various items in the school accounting system. Both the lowest and the highest expenditures per pupil for current expense in 1939-40 were in the smallest cities (table 43). The median expenditure was found to be greatest in the largest cities and to become progressively less in the groups of smaller cities. The median for the 180 cities sampled in 1939-40 was $89.63 per pupil in average daily attendance for the year and the weighted arithmetic mean for the approximately 3,000 school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more was $101.39 per pupil. The wide variations in expenditure per pupil indicate that even in urban areas approximately the same size there are marked differences in educational facilities. Table 43. — Total current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 180 city school systems, 1939-40 Number of Expenditure per pupil Size of city cities Median Range Weighted mean Total . . . . . 180 $89. 63 $23. 87— $171. 67 i $101. 39 Cities of 100,000 population or more _ _ _ 53 105. 83 51. 62-170. 22 109. 39 Cities of 30,000-99,999 population 43 96. 25 44. 66-152. 29 98. 55 75.89 Cities of 10,000-29,999 population . . . 44 82.50 29. 49-153. 55 Cities of 2,500-9,999 population 40 78. 18 23. 87-171. 67 76.40 i The weighted arithmetic mean for all city school systems in cities of 2,500 population or more. Federal Expenditures for Education The major purposes for which the Federal Government regularly appropriates money for education in addition to the administrative expense of the U. S. Office of Education are for land-grant colleges, vocational education at the secondary school level, education of Indians and natives of Alaska, United States service schools, public schools in the District of Columbia, and certain Federal schools for exceptional children. The total regular appropriations in 1939-40 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 amounted to approximately $80,000,000 (table 44). In addition, emergency appropriations of approximately $98,000,000 were made for aid of students through the National Youth Administration pro¬ gram and for education and school-building programs under the Work Projects Administration. Table 44. — Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes , 1939—40 Nonemergency funds: U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency: Administration, research, and service by the Federal office in Washington, D. C.1 _ $889, 000 Total apportionment to the States and territories for voca¬ tional education and rehabilitation _ 55, 117, 371 Land-grant colleges _ 31, 063, 393 Instruction in agriculture and mechanic arts 2 _ 5, 030, 000 Agricultural extension service 3 _ 18, 584, 643 Agricultural experiment stations 4 _ 7, 448, 750 Vocational education at secondary level 2 6 _ 21, 775, 978 Training of teachers _ 2, 168, 859 Agricultural education _ 7, 126, 054 Trade and industrial education 6 _ 7, 178, 240 Home economics education _ 4, 048, 825 Distributive occupations _ 1, 254, 000 Vocational rehabilitation 2 _ _ _ 2, 278, 000 U. S. Office of Indian Affairs 7 _ 10, 701, 084 Federal oil and mineral royalties 8 _ 1, 951, 894 National forest funds 9 _ 1, 432, 581 National grazing funds 10 _ 297, 297 United States Military Academy 11 _ 3, 331, 800 United States Naval Academy 11 _ 2, 034, 879 State marine schools 12 _ _ _ 190, 000 Public schools in Panama Canal Zone _ 443, 933 Howard University _ 745, 000 National Training School for Boys _ 516, 000 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 150, 950 Public schools of the District of Columbia _ 1, 947, 820 Emergency funds: College and high-school student aid (National Youth Adminis¬ tration) _ _ _ 28, 088, 592 Education program (Work Projects Administration) _ 28, 243, 054 School building (Work Projects Administration) _ 42, 123, 170 1 Includes administration of CCC educational program. 3 Administered by U. S. Office of Education. 3 Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture. * Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture. Includes cost of administration, research, and service of the staff in Washington, D. C., and of the printing of official experiment station documents. 8 The amount indicated is the maximum amount authorized for apportionment to the several States and Territories. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 47 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions Although the data are incomplete, figures on the value of property and endowments are available for the great majority of educational systems and institutions in the United States. These had an invest¬ ment in land, buildings, and equipment of $11,413,893,000 in 1939-40 and endowments and other nonexpendable funds of $2,809,597,000, including the State debts to permanent school funds and the value of unsold school lands belonging to the permanent school fund (table 45) . This represents a 6.7-percent increase in the value of the physical plant and a 2.2-percent increase in the value of nonexpendable funds during the biennium 1937-38 to 1939-40. Table 45. — Estimated value of property and endowments , 1939-40 Schools Total Land, buildings, and equipment Endowments and other nonexpendable funds Total . _ . . . $14, 223, 489, 985 $11, 413, 892, 709 $2, 809, 597, 276 Public elementary and secondary schools _ Private elementary schools - - - - - - Private secondary schools _ _ _ _ _ Institutions of higher education: Public _ _ _ _ _ _ 8, 527, 106, 067 378, 000, 000 800,000,000 1, 479, 590, 280 3, 038, 793, 638 7, 635, 112, 546 375,000,000 650,000,000 1, 260, 832, 456 1, 492, 947, 707 891, 993, 521 3, 000, 000 150, 000, 000 218, 757, 824 1, 545, 845, 931 Private . . . . . . Federally Aided Vocational Education The federally aided program of vocational education in the States has been in operation since the enactment of the Smith-Hughes Act in 1917. The fields of vocational education established under this program were agriculture, trades and industries, and home economics with instruction in each field given in both evening and part-time classes and all-day schools. A more limited program was set up for commercial education. In terms of total enrollment home economics was the most important field in 1939-40 with trades and industries second in importance (table 46). In addition to the three major programs which have been in operation since 1918, the limited com¬ mercial education program was expanded by a distributive or business « A certain part of this sum may be used for home economics education. 7 Expenditures compiled by Office of Indian Affairs. 8 This amount represents 37.5 percent of receipts from the Mineral Leasing Act, which is paid to the various States receiving such funds for roads or schools. 9 Five percent of the current national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States for public roads and schools of the counties in which the forests are situated. 10 Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934. 11 The pay of cadets at the Military Academy is included but the pay of midshipmen at the Naval Academy is not included. 12 To reimburse the States of California, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania for expenses incurred in maintenance and support of their marine schools, $25,000 each; in addition, the use of $90,000 was authorized for the maintenance and repair of ships loaned to the schools by the U. S. Navy in 1939-40. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 education program 6 under the George-Deen Act, effective July 1, 1937. This program is operated entirely through part-time and evening classes. Table 46. — Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1940 Type of school Total Agricul¬ ture Trade and industry Home economics Distributive education Total. _ _ _ 2, 290, 741 584, 133 758, 409 818. 766 129, 433 Evening _ 728, 937 535, 358 1,026, 446 192, 246 62, 489 329, 398 167, 908 393, 579 196, 922 245, 850 72, 790 500, 126 122, 933 6,500 Part-time . . . All-day _ _ _ _ _ Vocational education is supported jointly by the Federal Govern¬ ment and by State and local governments and the funds expended from these sources have increased sharply during the past decade (table 47). According to the Smith-Hughes Act Federal funds must be matched dollar for dollar by State or local funds, while under the George-Deen Act States are required to match only 50 percent of the Federal funds for the first 5 years, namely 1937-42. Actually, however, for every dollar of Federal funds spent for vocational educa¬ tion in 1939-40, $1.75 of State and local funds was expended. Since the end of the fiscal year 1940, covered by this summary of educa¬ tional statistics, there has been large-scale expansion of the vocational education program to provide for defense training. Table 47. — Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for voca¬ tional education, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Year Expenditure 1 Year Expenditure 1 Total From Federal funds From State and local funds Total From Federal funds From State and local funds 1929- 30 _ 1930- 31 _ 1931- 32 . . 1932- 33 . . 1933- 34 _ 1934- 35— . $29, 908, 899 32, 143, 192 33, 402, 403 30, 126, 888 28, 188, 417 29, 289, 923 $7, 404, 223 7, 978, 729 8, 414, 834 7, 728, 245 6, 950, 945 9, 371, 980 $22, 504, 676 24, 164, 463 24, 987, 569 22, 398, 643 21, 237, 472 19, 917, 943 1935- 36 . . 1936- 37 _ 1937- 38 . 1938- 39. . 1939- 40 . $33, 427, 834 36, 399, 285 44,994, 537 52, 668, 491 55, 081, 312 $9,748,925 10, 013, 669 17, 737, 118 19, 434, 554 20, 004, 232 $23, 678, 909 26, 385, 616 27, 257, 419 33, 233, 937 35, 077,080 i For agriculture, trade and industry, home economics, teacher-training, and distributive education. Libraries The role of libraries in education is so generally recognized that the collection of statistics with regard to library facilities has been a func¬ tion of the U. S. Office of Education for many years. The major types of libraries are surveyed at periodic intervals. Thus, data for 6 This program is available to persons engaged in distributing farm and industrial products and in manag¬ ing, operating, or conducting commercial or personal service businesses or in selling the services of such STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 49 public-school libraries are available for 1934-35, for public libraries for 1938-39, and for college libraries for 1939-40. Relatively cur¬ rent data for private libraries are not available. Public-School Libraries Of the more than 65,000 public schools for which 1934-35 data were available 92.7 percent were served either by centralized libraries or by classroom collections of books (table 48), with the latter system more common than the centralized library. The average number of volumes per pupil served by centralized libraries was 3.9. The average annual expenditure per pupil enrolled was $0.64. Since 1934-35, however, there has been greatly increased emphasis upon the expansion of public-school library facilities, so that both volumes owned and expenditures per pupil in 1939-40 were, it is believed, considerably above the 1934-35 level. Table 48. — Public-school library statistics for 4 groups of city school systems and schools under the administration of county superintendents , 1934^35 Group I (cities of 100,000 popula¬ tion or more) Group II (cities of 30, GOO- 99, 999 popula¬ tion) Group III (cities of 10,000- 29,999 popula¬ tion) Group IV (cities of 2,500- 9,999 popula¬ tion) Counties Item Total County (rural only) County unit (ur¬ ban and rural) School systems: Number on mailing list . 6,327 90 220 647 1,944 3, 180 246 Usable replies . . 3, 130 62 151 451 1, 433 73. 71 951 82 Percent replying . 49. 47 68.89 68.64 69. 71 29.91 33.33 Schools in systems: Number on mailing list . 260,950 11, 759 5, 453 6, 955 9,283 227,500 Usable replies i . . 72, 480 5, 247 2, 535 3, 713 5, 830 50,835 1 4,302 Percent replying . . 27. 78 44.62 46. 49 53. 39 62.80 24.24 Served by centralized libraries: Number 1 _ 32, 126 1, 908 1,242 1, 578 2, 945 22, 656 1,797 Percent _ _ _ 42.11 36.42 47. 97 41.86 49. 15 41.84 39.71 Served by classroom collec¬ tions: Number . 33,467 2,555 932 1,763 2,376 23, 812 2,029 Percent . 50. 63 49.94 38. 21 48. 77 44.22 52. 41 49.25 Enrollment: Tn all systems 26,434,193 6, 321, 194 2, 067, 854 2, 222, 797 2, 437, 299 13, 38, 5, 049 Reported in usable replies . 12,501,017 47.29 4, 220, 093 1, 371, 990 1, 482, 186 1, 752, 183 3,231,324 | 443, 241 Percent reported . . . . 66. 76 66.35 66.68 71.89 27. 45 Served by centralized libra¬ ries. . . . 7, 209, 674 2, 340, 739 887, 622 887,596 1,073,691 1, 775, 010 245, 016 Percent served - - Total number of volumes in cen¬ 57. 67 55. 46 64.70 59.88 61.28 54.93 55.28 tralized libraries (approxi¬ mate) 28,346,250 5, 185, 750 2,784 2, 978, 000 2,545 3, 131, 250 2, 067 4, 895, 500 1, 857 10,991,750 578 1, 164,000 711 Average number of volumes... 1, 018 Median number of volumes. .. 407 1,698 1,622 1,008 943 333 350 Average number of volumes per child served _ 3.93 2.22 3.36 3.53 4.56 6.19 4.75 Average number of volumes add¬ ed per library in 1934-35. . 68.30 269. 61 183.49 153.77 137.46 26.76 48.99 Total income for libraries: Number of systems reporting.. 2,568 54 137 396 1, 207 705 69 Amount _ _ $6,907,793 $2,448,017 45, 333 $1,104,514 8, 062 $1,038,762 2,623 0. 81 $1,252,601 1, 038 $913, 109 1, 295 0.38 $150, 790 2, 185 Average per system _ 2, 690 Average per pupil enrolled _ 0.65 0.64 0.88 0.84 0.40 Total expenditure for libraries: Number of systems reporting.. 2,568 54 137 396 1, 207 705 69 Amount.. . . . . 6, 868, 251 2, 504, 406 1,087, 730 1, 025, 538 1, 222, 915 880, 330 147, 332 Average per system.. ... _ 2, 675 46, 378 7,939 2,590 1, 013 1,249 2,135 Average per pupil enrolled _ 0.64 0.66 0.86 0.80 0. 82 0. 36 0. 39 1 In arriving at the total number of schools in the United States a junior high school housed in the same building with an elementary school was counted as a separate school. Likewise a regular high school housed with an elementary school was counted as a separate school. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Public Libraries The U. S. Office of Education had a list of 6,880 public libraries in 1938-39 (table 49). Data are available for 84.3 percent of the total which in turn served 60.4 percent of the total population of the United States. One measure of the extent to which library facilities are used is the proportion of the population served which is reported as registered borrowers. In 1938-39 less than one out of every three persons of all ages with access to public libraries was reported as a registered borrower. That many of the libraries are quite small is indicated by the fact that for the area served the per capita book stock was 1.3 volumes while the per capita operating expenditures were $0.62. Such data emphasize the need for increased support for public libraries, making possible more extensive services to, and hence greater use of libraries by, the general public. Table 49. — Summary data for public libraries , 1938-39 Number of public libraries on mailing list _ Number reporting - Population of area served by reporting libraries _ Number of registered borrowers _ Book stock (5,668 libraries)., _ Circulation of reporting libraries: Adult _ Juvenile _ Undesignated _ Personnel in libraries: Professional and subprofessional: Full-time _ Part-time _ _ _ Clerical: Full-time _ _ _ Part-time _ Expenditures (5,452 libraries): Operating _ Capital outlay _ Percent of public libraries reporting _ _ Percent of total U. S. population served by reporting libraries _ Percent of population in area served reported as registered bor rowers _ Percent of circulation reported as: Adult _ Juvenile _ _ Undesignated _ Book stock per capita of population in area served _ Operating expenditures per capita of population in area served _ Libraries of Institutions of Higher Education Preliminary data are available from a survey covering 1,321 libraries in institutions of higher education for the fiscal year ended June 30, 6, 880 5, 798 79, 095, 716 24, 084, 916 104, 728, 725 251, 727, 397 138, 087, 203 26, 109, 735 15, 680 4, 960 3, 475 4, 948 $48, 832, 043 $2, 699, 398 84.3 60.4 30.5 60. 5 33.2 6.3 1. 3 $0. 62 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 51 1940. The 1,321 libraries contained a total of 71,666,801 volumes and provided library services for 1,111,058 undergraduates as of the third week of the fall term of the academic year of the survey. Expendi¬ tures, excluding capital outlay, ^ere $17,976,231. Selected List of Publications of the U. S. Office of Education For additional detail concerning the topics summarized in this report, see the following publications: Are the One-Teacher Schools Passing f Pamphlet No. 92, 1940 Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1938-40: II. Statistics of State School Systems, 1939-40 III. Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 IV. Statistics of Higher Education, 1939-40 V. Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1939-40 VI. College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40 Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education to the U. S. Office of Education ,■ Vocational Division, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1940 Expenditures per Pupil in City Schools, 1939-40, Circular No. 200 Public Library Statistics, 1938-39, Bulletin 1942, No. 4 These publications can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. o BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1940-42* STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER II FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION *Because of the war, some chapters of the Bien¬ nial Survey of Education, 1938-40, were delayed in printing. When data were available for 1940-42 they were combined for publication with those for 1938-40. The Statistical Summary of Education 1941-42 is, therefore, also being included in the combination volume, as Chapter II. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1940-42 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER II Prepared by Emery M. Foster, Chief Division of Statistics FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, Paul V. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, John W. Studebaker, Commissioner Acknowledgment The statistical and tabulating work on. this bulletin was done by Rose Marie Smith, senior statistical clerk, under the direction of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 10 cents CONTENTS Text Page Introduction _ ^ _ 1 Number of Administrative Units _ 1 Enrollments, 1941-42 _ 4 Trends in elementary and secondary school enrollment _ 6 Provisions for exceptional children _ 9 Public High Schools by Size and Type _ 9 Private Schools _ 11 Elementary _ 11 Secondary _ 12 High-School Graduates _ 13 Urban and Rural Public Schools _ 14 Selected Data for State School Systems _ 15 Trends in Elementary and Secondary Education, 1869-70 to 1941-42_ 18 Higher Education _ 22 Summer session and extension and correspondence enrollments _ 24 Junior colleges _ 25 College graduates _ 26 Degrees granted by institutions of higher education _ 26 Schools of Nursing _ 27 Teachers _ 28 Schools for Negroes _ 29 Public schools, elementary and secondary _ 29 Institutions of higher education _ 30 School Survival Rates _ 30 Educational Attainment of the Population _ 31 Sources of Income for Education _ 32 Expenditures for Public and Private Education _ 34 Expenditure per pupil in city school systems _ 35 Federal expenditures for education _ 35 Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions. _ 37 Federally Aided Vocational Education _ 37 Libraries _ 38 Public libraries _ 38 Libraries of institutions of higher education _ 39 Public-school libraries _ 40 Selected List of Publications of the U. S. Office of Education _ 42 Tables 1. Reports requested from educational units in continental United States. 2 2. Total number of schools of specified types, by State, 1941-42 - 3 3. Decrease in 1-teacher schools, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 4 4. Enrollments in full-time day schools, by level and control, 1941-42 — 5 5. Kindergarten, elementary, secondary, commercial, normal school, and college enrollments, 1889-90 to 1941-42 _ 6 in IV CONTENTS Page 6. Changes in elementary school enrollment and population, 5-13 years of age, 1889-90 to 1941-42 _ 7 7. Estimated number of children 6 years of age, 1940-48 _ 7 8. Enrollment in public schools, by grade, 1930-31 to 1941-42 _ 8 9. Increase in secondary school enrollment and population, 14-17 years of age, 1889-90 to 1941-42 _ 9 10. Size of public high schools, by enrollment, 1937-38 _ 10 11. Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1937-38 _ 10 12. Teachers and enrollment in private elementary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 _ 12 13. Teachers and enrollment in private secondary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 _ 12 14. High-school and college graduates from publicly and privately con¬ trolled schools, 1930-42 _ 13 15. Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools per 100 persons 17 years of age, 1869-70 to 1941-42 _ 13 16. Comparison of urban and rural public schools, 1939-40 _ 14 17. Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios, and number of administrative units in public day schools, by State, 1941-42 _ 16 18. Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1941-42 _ 17 19. Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1869-70 to 1941-42 _ 20 20. Summary data for institutions of higher education, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 22 21. Increase in college enrollment and population 18-21 years of age, 1889-90 to 1941-42 _ 24 22. Enrollment in summer session and in extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education, 1919-20 to 1941-42 _ 25 23. Junior colleges and their enrollment, 1919-20 to 1941-42 _ 25 24. Number of persons graduated from college per 100 persons 21 years of age, 1869-70 to 1941-42 _ 26 25. Degrees granted by institutions of higher education, 1941-42 - 27 26. Enrollment and graduates of 1,304 schools of nursing, 1939-40 _ 27 27. Teachers in schools and colleges, 1919-20 to 1941-42 _ 28 28. Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1941-42 _ 29 29. Resident college enrollment of institutions for the higher education for Negroes, by sex and State, 1941-42 _ 30 30. Number surviving through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ 31 31. Number surviving, by grade or year, per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated _ 31 32. Number surviving by high-school year per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in the years indicated - 31 33. Number surviving through college per 1 ,000 enrolled at specified levels.. 31 34. Educational attainment of the population 20 years old and over, 1940. _ 32 35. Biennial increases in income for education, by source, 1936-38, 1938-40, and 1940-42 _ 33 36. Sources of income for education, 1941-42 - 33 37. Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system, 1931-32 to 1941-42 _ 34 38. Expenditures for schools reporting, including capital outlay, 1941-42__ 34 CONTENTS V Page 39. Total current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 275 city school systems, 1941-42 _ 35 40. Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1941-42 _ 36 41. Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1942 _ 38 42. Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for vocational education, 1930-31 to 1941-42 _ 38 43. Public library statistics, 1938-39 _ 39 44. College and university library statistics, 1939-40 _ 40 45. Public-school library statistics, 1941-42 _ 41 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1941-42 THE SCHOOL YEAR 194i-42 saw the change from a condition of national defense to war. The school budgets and programs for the year were set, however, before Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941) and in general were not greatly affected by the war situation in the second semester from February to June 1942. Older pupils were be¬ ginning to leave for jobs in war industry and for the military services, and the stage was being set for the exodus of teachers to better¬ paying jobs and the armed forces, and for the programs of vocational education for war production and pre- and post-induction training that were to come. The number, size, and physical plant facilities of educational in¬ stitutions became important factors in their ability to provide war¬ training programs of various types. Number of Administrative Units One of the differences between the organization of American and European education is the greater local control of education in the United States which results in large numbers of local administrative units. The secondary and collegiate programs of general education in the United States which do not prevail in the European educational systems account for the large number of secondary schools and colleges involved in getting the national totals for education in the United States. Because of war conditions the study of the 25,000 public high schools made last in 1937-38 was not repeated for 1941-42, but a study was made of private elementary and secondary schools for 1940-41. The last previous study was for 1932-33. In cooperation with the Library Service Division, a study was made of public-school libraries for 1941-42. In October 1941 a postal card survey was made of enrollments in the public-school system and of the status of teacher shortages and methods of meeting these shortages. The annual studies of land-grant colleges, college income and expenditure, and expenditure per pupil in city school systems were made. A few items were obtained from each of the State departments of education relative to State school systems for 1940-41. Of the 65,440 reports periodically requested by the U. S. Office of Education, 13,500 reports were requested in 1940-42. Data for previ- 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 ous years, or estimates for the current year, are included in the tables for types of units not reporting this biennium. It should be noted (table 1) that no figures are included for certain types of privately controlled education. The number and enrollment of such schools are relatively small. Table 1. — Reports requested from educational units in continental United States Type Number Grand total _ 65, 444 Total requested to report in 1940-42 _ 13, 510 States and the District of Columbia _ 49 City school systems _ 3, 251 County or other large schpol systems administering schools in cities 1 _ 238 Institutions of higher education _ 1, 769 School libraries 2 _ 8, 203 Total not requested to report in 1940-42 _ 51, 934 Public secondary schools _ 25, 123 Private elehientary and secondary schools _ 13, 296 Public libraries _ 6, 880 College libraries _ 1, 769 Private and special libraries _ 1, 500 Schools of nursing _ 1, 391 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 375 Private commercial schools _ *1, 600 Private vocational and trade schools 4 _ _ Never requested to report (total number unknown): Private schools of art, music, dancing, dramatics (non-degree-granting), including individual instruction _ _ Private Bible schools not granting theological degrees - - - Private correspondence schools _ _ 1 These include 322 cities. 2 City and county school systems, as only one report is requested from each system. These reports cover library service for more than 100,000 schools. 3 Estimated. 4 Occasionally a report is requested from the best-known schools in this group, but no general or periodic coverage is attempted. The number of schools in each State is given in table 2 for the types of schools for which the U. S. Office of Education maintains mailing lists or has information as to number. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 Table 2. — Total number of schools of specified types , by State, 1941-42 State or District of Columbia Public schools (excluding kindergartens) Privately controlled schools Colleges, uni¬ versities, and professional schools Residential schools for ex¬ ceptional children, 1939-40 Schools of nurs¬ ing. 1939-40 Ele¬ menta¬ ry Sec¬ ond¬ ary (cards in file) Ele¬ men¬ tary Sec¬ ond¬ ary 1 Public Private Public Private Continental United States . . 183, 112 25, 123 10,285 3,011 619 1, 150 281 94 1,891 4,095 652 113 34 1 9 17 6 27 1467 76 32 13 | 5 3 4 4, 198 593 61 16 13 11 5 10 California . . . 4,005 719 355 161 48 54 7 5 42 Colorado . .. 1.811 271 85 33 9 7 5 1 19 Connecticut . . - 844 127 209 68 6 22 4 3 21 Delaware . . 178 49 26 10 2 1 3 1 7 1,864 515 65 42 4 10 6 14 3, 727 803 41 23 19 32 6 14 1,085 186 32 8 5 3 4 9 Illinois . . . 11,375 996 912 175 17 83 6 3 102 2,708 854 318 39 6 34 5 27 Iowa . . -- 9, 624 980 339 125 29 33 6 2 30 2 7, 064 718 229 41 22 22 5 37 Kentucky . .. 6,111 628 194 73 10 28 5 1 17 Louisiana . . . 2, 477 488 219 63 7 12 7 2 14 Maine _ _ - 1, 911 215 78 40 6 9 4 19 Maryland... . . .. 1,030 204 173 59 9 21 6 7 27 Massachusetts. - - .. 1,887 447 416 190 14 54 8 7 73 Michigan.. . . 38,000 824 432 159 35 25 8 3 37 Minnesota... _ 7, 308 525 345 67 20 26 8 2 33 Mississippi _ _ _ 4,340 634 46 25 18 16 4 34 Missouri . . . 8, 983 921 442 74 13 43 8 3 38 Montana _ _ _ .. 1,847 208 37 14 8 3 5 10 Nebraska. _ _ _ .. 6, 426 729 253 48 8 14 5 14 Nevada _ _ _ 242 43 1 1 1 New Hampshire _ 1,590 111 66 39 3 6 2 14 New Jersey _ .. .. 2, 515 268 374 119 10 25 6 3 51 New Mexico _ _ 781 138 64 20 7 5 2 New York . . . . 9, 051 1,055 1,120 330 25 87 10 19 117 North Carolina _ 3,602 967 57 23 12 42 * 9 44 North Dakota . . 3, 682 486 54 20 10 2 4 16 Ohio _ 4, 165 1, 249 584 151 10 56 8 1 72 Oklahoma _ 3, 332 911 82 30 30 10 9 1 14 Oregon . _ 1, 586 282 73 30 5 15 5 11 Pennsylvania ... . _ _ 9, 073 1, 231 903 228 16 87 7 19 124 Rhode Island _ _ .. 342 59 82 23 2 6 4 1 9 South Carolina _ 3, 664 419 25 13 7 26 6 16 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 4, 337 367 52 15 7 9 4 13 Tennessee. _ _ 5, 373 545 66 39 7 41 7 1 25 Texas _ _ 7,739 1,501 350 88 38 47 10 47 Utah _ _ _ 384 149 9 7 7 4 4 6 Vermont _ 1,038 90 27 19 4 7 2 1 11 Virginia _ _ 3, 697 531 66 52 10 32 9 3 27 Washington _ 1, 433 351 111 47 11 12 6 29 West Virginia... . 4, 744 359 51 15 10 9 10 31 Wisconsin _ 6, 123 517 563 68 39 27 6 2 25 Wyoming .. _ 1, 161 98 8 2 1 3 1 District of Columbia _ 93 34 45 33 2 20 5 3 7 U. S. service schools4 _ 3 1 Data for 1940-A1. 2 Data for 1939-40. 3 Estimated. 4 U. S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn.; U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.; and U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. 612823° — 44r -2 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 There seems to be, especially in connection with planning the post-war program for education, a live interest in the size as well as in the number of schools. The number of 1 -teacher schools continues to decrease. In the decade from 1930 to 1940 the number decreased 35,700, or 23.9 percent. In the biennium 1940-42, the number decreased 5,908, or 5.2 percent. There remained 107,692 of these very small schools in 1941-42. No data are available to show the size of elementary schools for the United States as a whole since en¬ rollments are not reported separately for each of the nearly 200,000 such schools. Table 3. — Decrease in 1 -teacher schools t 1929-80 to 1941-42 Year: 1929-31). 1931-32. 1933-34. 1935-36. 1937-38. 1939-40. 1941-42. Number of 1-teacher schools Percent decrease since 1929-80 149, 282 143, 390. -3. 9 139, 166 -6. 8 131, 101 -12. 2 121, 178 -18. 8 113, 600 -23. 9 107, 692 -27. 9 Enrollments, 1941—42 Approximately 29,200,000 persons were attending full-time day schools in 1941-42 (table 4). Of this number 20,400,000 were in elementary grades and kindergarten, 7,000,000 in secondary grades, and 1,400,000 in higher education. Most of the remaining 400,000 were in private commercial and business schools and in schools of nursing doing post-secondary work. Table 4. — Enrollments in full-time day schools,1 by level and control, 1941-42 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 'd c. >1 §T-0 III 4 Includes elementary departments of colleges and training schools. 5 Estimated. « Includes 979 men enrolled for short courses. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Trends in Elementary and Secondary School Enrollment Elementary and secondary school enrollments, including public and private schools, decreased from 1939-40 to 1941-42 by 878,168 pupils, 3.1 percent. This continues the downward trend since 1933- 34, when the peak enrollment was 29,291,235. The 1941-42 enroll¬ ment is 2,011,197, or approximately 6.9 percent, less than this. Table 5. — Kindergarten , elementary , secondary , commercial , normal school , and college enrollments , 1889-90 to 1941—42 Type of school, by level 1889-90 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 Total kindergarten and elementary schools . . . . Kindergartens: Public. _ _ _ 14, 181,415 16,224, 784 18,457,228 20,864,488 i 15, 145 i 16, 082 12, 504, 373 1, 645, 815 131, 657 93, 737 14, 852, 202 1, 147, 188 3 293, 970 3 52, 219 16, 604, 821 1,506, 218 481, 266 29, 683 18,897, 661 1, 455, 878 Private . . . Elementary: Public . . Private . . . . . Total secondary . Public high schoolsI * 3 4 * * 7 8 . . . Private high schools 3 . . Preparatory departments of colleges _ Secondary grades in training schools. . . Total higher education . . Normal schools and teachers colleges _ Colleges, universities, and professional schools.. Private commercial and business schools (day and evening) . . . . . 357,813 695,903 1,111,393 2,495, 676 202, 963 94, 931 51, 749 8,170 519, 251 110, 797 56, 285 9, 570 915, 061 117, 400 66, 042 12, 890 2, 200, 389 213, 920 59. 309 22, 058 156, 756 237, 592 355, 215 597, 880 34, 814 121, 942 69, 593 167, 999 88, 561 266, 654 135, 435 462, 445 78,920 91, 549 155, 244 335, 161 Type of school, by level 1929-30 1933-34 1939-40 1941-42 Total kindergarten and elementary schools _ _ _ _ _ Kindergartens: Public . . . 23,588,479 4 23, 200, 486 5 21,044,924 « 20, 356, 500 723, 443 54, 456 20, 555, 150 2, 255, 430 601, 775 « 37, 506 20, 228, 014 2, 333, 191 594, 647 57, 341 18, 286, 906 2, 106, 030 625, 783 2 57, 341 17, 588, 723 2, 084, 653 Private. . . Elementary: Public . . Private . . . . Total secondary . 4, 799, 867 8 6, 090, 749 » 7, 113,282 » 6, 923, 538 Public high schools 3 . . . . Private high schools 3 _ Preparatory departments of colleges . . Secondary grades in training schools - - Total higher education. . Normal schools and teachers collages . Colleges, universities, and professional schools... Private commercial and business schools (day and evening). . . . 4, 399, 422 id 341, 158 47, 309 11, 978 5, 669, 156 360, 092 24, 703 36, 798 6, 601, 444 457, 768 33, 091 20, 979 6, 387, 805 483, 195 39, 077 13, 461 1, 100, 737 1, 055, 360 1,494,203 1,403,990 176, 462 924, 275 136, 184 919, 176 177, 045 1, 317, 158 144, 945 1, 259, 045 n 179, 756 « 102, 286 12 634, 546 12 488, 112 I Data for 1887-88; distribution by public and private control estimated. * Data for 1911-12. 3 Data from high-school reports through 1919-20; since 1919-20 from Statistics of State School Systems. 4 Does not include 61,885 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. « Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. « Data for 1932-33. 7 Data for 1939-40. « Does not include 5,739 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 8 Does not include 9,727 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. Data for 1927-28. II Data for 1928-29. 13 Estimated on the basis of a study made by the War Emergency Council of Private Business Schools. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 The decrease in the enrollment of children in the elementary schools (grades 1-8) from the peak year of 1929-30 to 1941-42 was approxi¬ mately 3,232,000. This decrease is accounted for largely by a de¬ crease of 2,710,500 children in the age group 5 to 13 years, inclusive, during the same period. The remaining decrease is caused by better pupil accounting which has eliminated duplications within and be¬ tween States for pupils moving from one school system to another during the year and by better promotion policies resulting in less retardation of over-age pupils. Table 6. — Changes in elementary school enrollment and population , 5-13 years of age , 1889-90 to 1941-42 Enrollment Population 5-13 years of age Year Number Percent increase over 1889-90 Number Percent increase over 1889-90 1889-90 _ _ . _ _ _ .. 14, 181, 415 13, 188, 548 1899-1900 _ _ _ _ _ _ 16, 224, 784 18, 457, 228 14.4 15, 385, 793 16.7 1909-10 . . . . . . 30.2 17, 019, 650 29.0 1919-20 . . 20, 864, 488 47. 1 19, 992, 947 51.6 1929-30 . . . . . 23, 588, 479 66.3 22, 230, 101 68.6 1939-40 . . . . . .. . i 21,044, 924 48.4 20, 024. 827 51.8 1941-42 . . _ . . . i 20, 356, 500 43.5 2 19, 519, 578 48.0 i Does not include 61,731 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. Data for such schools are not available for earlier years. 1 Estimated. Estimates based on the number of children born each year from 1934 through 1942 show the approximate number of children who will be 6 years old each year from 1939 to 1948. Approximately 650,000 more children will be available for the first grade in 1948 than in 1940. The low point in first-grade children was reached in 1942. The new high point will probably be reached in 1949 or 1950 (table 7). Table 7. — Estimated number of children 6 years of age , 1940-48 1 Year Number Year Number Year Number 1940 _ 2, 205, 000 2, 192, 000 2, 182, 000 1943.. . . . . 2, 241, 000 2, 326, 000 2, 305, 000 1946 _ _ 2, 406, 000 2, 557, 000 2, 857, 000 1941. .. _ 1944 . . . 1947 . . . 1942. .. _ 1945.. 1948 . . . 1 Source, Letter from Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems. Enrollment by grade in 1941-42 compared with 1939-40 shows a decrease in every one of the 12 grades (table 8). In 1939-40 decreases had only reached the 8th grade as compared to enrollment in 1937-38. Table 8. — Enrollment in public schools , by grade , 1930-31 to 1941-42 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 0-42 1941-42 s " 18, 174, 668 6, 387, 805 625, 783 2, 930, 762 2, 215, 100 2, 175, 245 2, 196, 732 2, 166, 018 2, 124, 494 2, 060, 752 1, 679, 782 1, 927, 040 1,705,746 1, 450, 788 1, 273, 141 31,090 2. 55 11.93 9. 02 8. 85 8. 94 8. 82 8. 65 8. 39 6.84 7. 85 6. 94 5. 91 5. 18 . 13 I s i sf 18, 582, 225 6, 713, 913 613, 213 2, 991, 738 2, 285, 614 2,263,315 2, 270, 749 2,211,285 2, 155, 538 2, 099, 791 1, 690, 982 2, 034, 316 1, 792,615 1, 517, 344 1, 322, 641 46, 997 2. 42 11.83 9. 03 8. 95 8. 98 8. 74 8. 52 8. 30 6.68 8.04 7. 09 6. 00 5. 23 . 19 1939-40 1 i sf 18, 832, 098 6, 601, 444 594, 647 3,018, 463 2, 333, 076 2, 331,559 2, 321. 867 2, 247, 692 2, 176, 133 2, 107, 667 1,700, 994 2,011,341 1,767,312 1, 485, 603 1, 281, 735 55, 453 2. 34 11.87 9. 17 9. 17 9. 13 8. 84 8.55 8. 28 6.69 7. 91 6. 95 5.84 5. 04 .22 Ci CO 00 CO c* 1 i sf 19,290,136 6, 414, 189 600, 841 3, 167, 803 2,409,813 2, 387, 970 2,362,242 2, 295, 060 2, 214, 428 2, 140, 420 1,711,559 1,995, 360 1, 718, 297 1, 432, 500 1, 216, 121 51, 911 2. 34 ' 12.32 9. 38 9. 29 9. 19 8. 93 8. 62 8. 33 6. 66 7. 76 6.68 5. 57 4. 73 .20 1937-38 s i * 19, 748, 174 6, 226, 934 607, 034 3, 317, 144 2, 486, 550 2, 444, 381 2, 402, 617 2, 342, 428 2. 252, 722 2,173,173 1, 722, 125 1,979, 379 1, 669, 281 1, 379, 398 1, 150, 506 48, 370 2. 34 12. 77 9. 57 9.41 9. 25 9. 12 8. 67 8.37 6.63 7. 62 6. 43 5.31 4.43 . 18 co o 1 5 20, 070, 368 6, 100, 735 606, 893 3, 423, 735 2, 522, 070 2. 484, 558 2, 450, 679 2, 387, 710 2, 286, 096 2, 177, 580 1,731,047 1, 974, 726 1,644, 571 1,314, 404 1, 107, 487 59, 547 2. 32 13.08 9.64 9. 49 9. 36 9. 12 8. 74 8.32 6. 62 7. 55 6. 28 5. 12 4.23 .23 1935-36 i s § 20, 392, 561 5, 974, 537 606, 753 3, 530, 325 2, 557, 589 2, 524, 736 2, 498, 741 2, 432, 991 2,319, 470 2, 181, 987 1, 739, 969 1,970, 072 1, 619, 862 1, 249, 409 1, 064, 469 70, 725 2. 30 13. 39 9.70 9.57 9.48 9. 23 8. 80 8. 27 6. 60 7. 47 6. 14 4.74 4. 04 .27 1934-35 i 26,400,646 20, 578, 799 5, 821, 847 604, 264 3, 623, 589 2, 594, 659 2, 568, 401 2, 535, 875 2, 433, 216 2, 303, 760 2, 184, 553 1, 730, 392 1,912, 549 1, 580, 058 1,229, 295 1, 034, 922 65, 023 2. 29 13. 73 9. 83 9. 73 9. 60 9. 22 8.73 8. 27 6. 55 7. 24 5. 98 4. 66 3. 92 .25 1933-34 s 3 if 20, 765, 037 5, 669, 156 601, 775 3, 716, 852 2,631,728 2, 612, 246 2, 573, 010 2, 433, 441 2, 288, 051 2, 187, 1 19 1,720,815 1, 855, 026 1, 540, 254 1, 209, 180 1, 005, 375 59, 321 2.28 14. 06 9. 96 9. 88 9. 73 9. 21 8. 66 8. 27 6. 51 7. 02 5. 83 4. 57 3.80 .22 1932-33 1 GO 3 if 20, 950, 229 5, 404, 588 649, 001 3, 826,112 2, 704, 053 2, 637, 885 2,581,054 2, 448, 002 2, 282, 982 2,119, 972 1, 701, 168 1,816,317 1, 463, 793 1, 137, 967 938, 580 47, 931 2. 46 14. 52 10. 26 10.01 9. 79 9. 29 8. 66 8. 04 6. 46 6. 89 5.56 4.32 3.56 . 18 1931-32 3 s if 21, 135, 420 5, 140, 021 701, 403 3, 930, 196 2, 776, 378 2, 663, 524 2, 589, 098 2, 462, 563 2, 277, 913 2, 052, 825 1,681,520 1, 777, 608 1, 387, 331 1, 066, 755 871,786 36, 541 2. 67 14.96 10. 57 10. 14 9. 85 9. 37 8. 67 7.81 6.40 6. 76 5. 28 4. 06 3.32 . 14 1930-31 i i sf 21, 207, 007 4, 769, 721 712, 423 4, 040, 558 2, 789, 646 2, 697, 881 2, 594, 164 2, 422, 527 2,267,081 2, 041,280 1,641,447 1, 702, 216 1, 289, 758 973,' 140 786, 337 18, 270 2.74 15. 56 10. 74 10. 38 9. 99 9. 32 8.73 7. 86 6. 32 6. 55 4.96 3. 75 3.03 .07 1 1 1 Total enrollment _ In elementary schools.. . In high schools _ _ Number in each grade: Kindergarten .. . . First _ _ Second . . Third- . . . . . Fourth. . . Fifth _ _ _ Sixth... . Seventh . . . Eighth _ First year high school _ Second year high school.. Third year high school... Fourth year high school.. Postgraduate . . . Percent in each grade: Kindergarten _ _ First _ Second _ _ _ Third... . . . . Fourth... . . . Fifth. . . Sixth.. . . . . Seventh _ Eighth _ _ First year high school _ Second year high School- Third year high school... Fourth year high school.. Postgraduate... . 3 Total elementary and total high school enrollment taken from a special study. Distribution by grade STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 9 The total number of persons in the high-school age group 14 to 17 years, inclusive, is beginning to decline, there being about 56,000 fewer in 1941-42 than in 1939-40 (table 9). The expected increase in the proportion of the 14- to 17-year age group remaining in high school which might have counteracted the slight decrease in the total number in this group did not take place between 1939-40 and 1941-42 because of the employment opportunities that opened up to meet wartime con¬ ditions. Instead of the usual increase there was a decrease of 189,000 in high-school enrollments from 1939-40 to 1941-42. The proportion of the 14- to 17-year age group remaining in school decreased because of the larger proportion going to work or entering the armed services at the age of 17. Table 9. — Increase in secondary school enrollment and population, 14-17 years of age , 1889-90 to 1941-42 Enrollment Population 14-17 years of age Number en¬ rolled per 100 Year Number Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 Number Percent in¬ crease over 1889-90 population, 14-17 years of age lg89_90 357, 813 695, 903 5, 354, 653 6, 152, 231 7 1899-1900 . - . . 94.5 14.9 11 1909-10 1, 111, 393 210.6 7, 220, 298 34.8 15 1919-20 . _ . . 2, 495, 676 597.5 7, 735, 841 44.5 32 1929-30 _ 4, 799, 867 1, 241. 4 9, 341, 221 74.5 51 1939-40 _ _ _ i 7, 113, 282 i 6, 923, 538 1,888.0 9, 720, 419 81.5 73 1941-42 _ _ _ 1, 835. 0 2 9, 663, 982 80.5 72 1 Does not include 9,727 children in residential schools for exceptional children. Data for such schools are not available for earlier years. 2 Estimated. Provisions for Exceptional Children Provisions are made in special classes in the public-school systems for children of the following types who can still benefit most by remaining with entirely normal children: Blind and partially seeing. Cardiac cases. Deaf and hard-of-hearing. Epileptic. Crippled. Mentally deficient. Anaemic cases. Truant or behavior problems. Tuberculous cases. Mentally gifted. In 1939-40 the last year for which data were gathered for these special classes in the public-school system, there were 314,000 elemen¬ tary and secondary pupils in these classes. The cases needing institu¬ tional care were sent to State and private residential schools which in 1939-40 enrolled 71,000 pupils. Public High Schools, by Size and Type No detailed study of public high schools has been made since 1937-38. At that time there were 25,308 schools, 40 percent having 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 fewer than 100 pupils each and 65 percent having fewer than 200 pupils (table 10). There were 29 different grade groupings in the various types of separate junior, separate senior, junior-senior, and regular high schools (table 11). The 25,308 schools in 1937-38 have been reduced in number to 25,123 in 1941-42 (table 2) by the elimi¬ nation and consolidation of small high schools. Data on staff and students in all types of public high schools are not available for any year since 1937-38, but in 1941-42 there were 6,387,805 enrolled in the last four grades of the school systems which constituted the tradi¬ tional regular high-school grades (table 8). The number enrolled in the 7th and 8th grades in junior and junior-senior high schools in 1941-42 is not known, but there would be more than 1,500,000. There were, therefore, in all types of public high schools approxi¬ mately 7,900,000 pupils enrolled in 1941-1942 as compared to the 7,700,000 enrolled in 1937-38. Table 10. — Size of public high schools, by enrollment, 1937-38 Size by enrollment Schools Enrollment Number Percent Number Percent Total . _ . 25,308 100.0 7,719, 600 100.0 Fewer than 10.. . . . . . 467 1.9 2, 900 0.1 10 to 24.... _ _ _ 1,372 5.4 23, 300 .3 25 to 49... . . . . . . . 2, 643 10.4 97, 800 1.3 50 to 74... _ _ _ 3, 051 12. 1 189, 2C0 2.4 75 to 99 . . . 2,661 10.5 231, 500 3.0 100 to 199 _ _ _ _ 6,407 25.3 957, 800 12.4 200 to 299 . . . . . . . . 2, 561 10.1 639, 000 8.3 300 to 499 _ _ 2, 271 9.0 907, 300 11.7 500 to 999 _ _ _ 1,940 7.7 1, 298. 600 16.8 1,000 to 2,499 . . . . . 1,444 5.7 2, 169, 500 28. 1 2,500 or more.. _ _ _ _ 240 .9 906, 700 11. 7 Ungraded vocational _ _ _ 34 . 1 34, 500 .5 Enrollment not reported 217 .9 i 261, 500 3.4 i Estimated. Table 11. — Number of schools, instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1937-38 Type Number of schools reporting Number of instructional staff 1 Number of pupils Grand total _ _ _ _ _ 25, 308 314, 290 7, 719, 560 Junior High Schools Total . . . . . . 2, 372 52, 720 1, 408, 584 2-year, white, 11 grades (2-3 plan) 2 . _ 38 } 906 26, 054 2-year, Negro, 11 grades (2-3 plan) _ 3 2-year, white, 11 grades (2-4 plan) _ 3 32 940 2-year, white, 12 grades (2-3 plan) _ _ 27 701 20,083 2-year, white, 12 grades (2-4 plan) 213 2-year, Negro, 12 grades (2-4 plan) _ _ _ 3 | 2, 071 56, 230 3-year, white, 11 grades (3-2 plan) . _ 37 592 15, 885 49, 891 3-year, white, 11 grades (3-3 plan) . _ 66 3-year, Negro, 11 grades (3-3 plan) _ .. 3 j 1, 773 3-year, white, 12 grades (3-2 plan). _ _ 7 289 7,538 3-year, white, 12 grades (3-4 plan) _ _ 11 112 } 43, 486 2,758 1, 160, 804 3-year, white, 12 grades (3-3 plan) _ _ 1,645 60 3-year, Negro, 12 grades (3-3 plan).. _ 4-year, white, 11 grades (4-2 plan). _ 2 34 } 2, 724 918 67, 483 4-year, white, 12 grades (4-2 plan).. __ _ _ 225 4-year, Negro, 12 grades (4-2 plan) - - - 29 1 Supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 (2-3 plan) is 2 grades in junior high and 3 in senior. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION H Table 11. — Number of schools , instructional staff, and enrollment in public high schools, by type, 1937-38 — Continued Type Number of schools reporting Number of instructional staff Number of pupils Junior-Senior and Undivided High Schools Total _ 6,203 74, 187 1, 812, 063 5-year, white, 11 grades or (2-3, 3-2 plan) ... _ 179 } 1,826 44, 258 34 183 } 3, 512 86, 585 5-year j Negro, 12 grades or (2—3, 3-2 plan) _ _ _ 5 1,389 27 } 13,975 334, 985 1,604 123 } 28, 157 708, 016 6-year, Negro, 12 grades (3-3 plan) _ _ _ _ _ 6-year^ white, 11 grades (2-4, 3-3 plan) _ _ _ 29 } 871 25, 769 14 17 } 179 4, 723 12 2, 454 95 } 25, 200 596, 591 7-yearj white, 12 grades (3-4 plan) . . . . 37 } 467 11, 136 7-year, Negro, 12 grades (3-4 plan) _ _ _ _ 1 Senior High Schools Total _ 959 37,376 972,218 2-year, white, 12 grades . . . . .. . . 9 394 9, 139 88, 349 3-year, white, 11 grades . . . . . 77 } 3, 324 3-year, Ne^ro, 11 grades _ _ _ _ _ 3 3-year, white, 12 grades . - _ _ 649 ) 28, 087 731, 235 3-year, Negro, 12 grades _ _ _ _ . 8 4-year, white, 11 grades _ _ _ _ _ 3 60 1,500 4-year, white, 12 grades _ - - - 205 4-year, Negro, 12 grades 5 ) 5,511 141, 995 Regular High Schools Total _ .. _ _ 15,056 137,654 3,227,837 4-year, white, 12 grades . _ _ _ 9,415 258 } 108, 155 2, 531, 984 4-year, Negro, 12 grades _ _ . . . _ . . 4-year, white, 11 grades 3,176 591 } 26,787 650, 697 4-year, Negro, 11 grades . . . . 4-year, white, 13 grades _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 11 172 3-year or less, white, 12 grades, __ . . . . 992 3-year or less, Negro, 12 grades _ _ _ _ .. .. 76 | 1, 823 29,423 3-year or less, white, 11 grades _ _ _ _ 336 } 878 15, 561 3-year or less, Negro, 11 grades . . . 208 Other High schools with fewer than 10 enrolled: White _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 373 } 467 2, 871 Negro 94 Ungraded vocational day high schools 34 1,076 10,810 34, 472 261, 515 Estimated number not reporting - - 217 Private Schools Elementary Schools It is estimated from data reported to the U. S. Office of Education on private elementary schools for 1940-41 and to the National Catholic Welfare Conference on parochial elementary schools, for 1941-42, that there were approximately 2,150,900 pupils enrolled in 1941-42 in private and parochial elementary schools, including kindergartens. This is 10.5 percent of the total enrollment in all elementary schools as compared with 10 percent in 1931-32 and 10.3 percent in 1939-40. The latest data on schools, teachers, and enrollment, according to the religious affiliation of the school are for the year 1940-41 (table 12). 612S23* — 44 - 3 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 0-42 Table 12. Teachers and enrollment in private elementary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 Religious affiliation or control Number of schools report¬ ing Teachers i Enrollment Total Men Women Total Boys Girls Total _ _ 9, 730 64,847 3,047 61,800 2, 153,279 1,079,252 1,074,027 Baptist _ 18 36 6 30 933 476 457 Brethern _ 2 5 1 4 127 75 52 Church of Christ, Scientist _ 8 29 3 26 384 156 228 Congregational _ _ . . . 10 43 6 37 954 444 510 Friends.. . . . . 25 179 20 159 3,040 1,574 1, 466 Jewish _ _ _ _ 4 42 26 16 1, 009 982 27 Lutheran. _ _ _ _ 890 1,419 1, 107 312 54, 812 28, 248 26, 564 Methodist _ _ _ 26 55 8 47 1, 482 608 874 Presbyterian _ _ 26 91 19 72 2, 105 1,026 1, 079 Protestant Episcopal. _ _ _ 100 283 99 184 5, 190 2, 873 2,317 Reformed _ _ 6 15 4 11 503 406 97 Roman Catholic _ ... _ _ 7, 944 60, 081 1, 183 58, 898 2,035. 182 1, 018, 694 1, 016, 488 Seventh-day Adventist _ .. 62 96 12 84 3, 079 1, 595 1,484 Other denominations _ _ .. 43 98 17 81 2, 325 1, 125 1, 200 Nonsectarian . ... 566 2,375 536 1, 839 42, 154 20, 970 21, 184 1 Sex distribution of teachers for Roman Catholic schools revised since originally published. Secondary Schools There were approximately 512,700 secondary pupils enrolled in all types of private and parochial schools or departments in 1941-42, an increase of 5 percent over the number enrolled in 1939-40. These secondary pupils in nonpublic schools constituted 7.4 percent of all secondary students in 1941-42 as compared with 6.8 percent in 1939-40. The only distribution of the number of schools, teachers, and enrollment, according to the religious affiliation of the school, is for the data reported in 1940-41 (table 13). Table 13.- -Teachers and enrollment in private secondary schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 Religious affiliations or control Number of schools report¬ ing Teachers Enrollment Total Men Women Total Men Women Total _ _ 2,997 30, 130 11,547 18,583 457, 768 214, 463 243,305 Baptist . . . . 24 245 154 91 3,063 1, 754 1, 309 Brethern.. . . . . 4 21 8 13 234 106 128 Church of Christ, Scientist. . . 8 35 17 18 169 108 61 Church of the Nazarene.. . . 2 14 8 6 283 132 151 Congregational... . . 9 81 28 53 1, 266 592 674 Friends . . . . . 19 278 140 138 2,496 1, 284 1, 212 Lutheran . . . . 25 144 102 42 2, 362 1, 322 1, 040 Mennonite . . . . 2 12 8 4 157 74 83 Methodist _ .. - - 28 280 132 148 2, 951 1, 481 1, 470 Moravian . . . . . . . . 2 29 6 23 183 48 135 Pilgrim Holiness . .. .. _ 2 12 12 177 87 90 Presbyterian. .. _ _ _ 27 212 90 122 3. 232 1, 672 1,560 Protestant Episcopal . . . 101 1, 044 591 453 8. 523 5, 498 3, 025 Reformed . . . . . . . 8 122 102 20 1, 977 1.681 296 Roman Catholic . . . . 2, 105 20, 976 6, 536 14, 440 361, 123 157, 583 203, 540 Seventh-Day Adventist. . 70 394 213 181 4,712 2, 212 2,500 Unitarian 2 14 5 9 87 87 Other denominations . . . . 23 322 181 141 3, 219 1,708 1, 511 Nonsectarian _ _ _ 536 5, 895 3, 226 2,669 61. 554 37, 034 24. 520 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 13 High-School Graduates Public and private secondary schools graduated almost a million and a quarter students in 1941-42 (table 14) 1 and for the seventh year in succession graduated more than a million pupils. The number graduated in 1941-42 was equal to 51.2 percent of the number of persons age 17 (table 15) showing that more than half of our children are getting a completed high-school education. If this keeps up in the post-war period and a considerable number continue their education through 1 or more years of college, the educational level of the population will be raised considerably over a period of years. Table 14. — High-school and college graduates from publicly and privately controlled schools , 1930-1942 Year High school College Total Boys Girls Total Men Women 1930 _ 666,904 300, 376 366, 528 122,484 73, 595 48,889 1931 . 746, 948 337, 489 409, 459 130, 040 78,284 51,756 1932 _ _ _ 826, 991 374, 729 452, 262 138, 063 83, 271 54, 792 1933... . . . 870, 922 402, 871 468, 051 137, 954 83, 313 54,641 1934 . . . 914, 853 431, 860 482,993 137, 845 83,354 54,491 1935 . . . . 965, 099 458, 738 506, 361 140, 903 84,992 55,911 1936 _ _ _ 1, 015, 345 485, 616 529, 729 143, 961 86, 629 57, 332 1937 _ 1,067,712 504, 873 562, 839 154, 452 92, 154 62,298 1938 . . . . 1,120, 079 524, 129 595,950 164, 943 97,678 67, 265 1939 1 _ _ 1, 170, 777 551,424 619, 353 175, 722 103, 754 71,968 1940 1 . . . . 1, 221, 475 578, 718 642, 757 186,500 109,829 76, 671 1941.. _ _ _ _ 1,231,925 577, 718 654, 207 185, 924 106, 859 79,065 1942 . . 1, 242, 375 576, 717 665, 658 185, 346 103, 889 81, 457 1 High-school data revised since originally published. Table 15. — Number of persons graduated from public and private high schools per 100 persons 17 years of age , 1869—70 to 1941-42 Year Number graduated from high school Number 17 years of age 1 Number graduated per 100 persons 17 years of age 1869-70 . . . . . 16,000 23, 634 43, 731 94,883 156, 429 311,266 666, 904 * 1, 221, 475 1, 242, 375 815,000 949, 026 1, 259, 177 1, 489, 146 1, 786, 240 1, 855, 173 2, 295, 822 2, 403, 074 3 2, 428, 000 1.2 1879-80 _ _ 2. 5 1889-90 . 3! 5 1899-1900 . . . 6.4 1909-10. . . . . 8.8 1919-20 . . . 16.8 1929-30 . . . . . 29. 1 1939-40--. . . . . . . . . 50.8 1941-42—. . . . . . 51.2 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. J Revised since originally published. 3 Estimated. 1 For data for 1870 to 1929, inclusive, see U. S. Office of Education Bulletin 1940 No. 2, ch. I, Statistical Summary of Education, 19S7-S8, p. 12. 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Urban and Rural Public Schools Because there is no common definition of urban and rural places followed by the 48 States, the States are unable to report data directly according to this classification. The U. S. Office of Education, there¬ fore, collects data for the urban places as defined by the United States Census which are in general “ incorporated places of 2,500 population or more” that have independent school systems fairly coterminous with the limits of the urban community. To these it adds estimates for the urban part of those county systems that serve urban areas. This urban total is subtracted from the U. S. total as reported by the 48 States and the District of Columbia to get a remainder which represents education in “ rural territory,” as defined by the U. S. Census. The latest data derived by this process are for 1939-40 (table 16) and show that the average annual salary of the teaching staff in rural schools was only half as much as in urban schools, $959 as compared with $1,955. There are other marked differences in the standards of service and expenditure which seem to show inequality of educational opportunity between urban and rural schools. Table 16. — Comparison of urban and rural public schools, 1939-40 Item Urban Rural Population, Apr. 1, 1940 1 _ _ _ _ _ 74, 423, 702 14, 703, 957 37,700 57, 245, 573 15, 041, 289 189, 062 Population 5-17 years of age (inclusive), Apr. 1, 1940 1 . ... . Number of school buildings . . . . . . Total teachers 2.. . . . . 419,816 455, 661 Men _ _ _ _ 86, 580 333, 236 108, 145 Women 2 . . _ . . . . . 347, 516 23.9 Percent of men teachers . . 20.4 Total enrollment _ _ _ 13, 309, 547 12, 123, 995 Boys . _ _ _ _ _ 6, 747, 247 6, 562, 300 6, 185, 170 5, 938, 825 Girls. . . . . . . . . . . Aggregate days attended _ _ _ _ 2, 105, 646, 344 11,587, 667 11.8 1, 752, 365, 991 10, 454, 484 2.4 Average daily attendance... . . . . . . . Average instructional staff 3 per school building _ _ _ Average number of pupils enrolled per school building . . . . Average number of pupils enrolled per teacher 2 353 31. 7 63 26.6 Average length of school term in days . . . . 181.7 167.6 Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily . 87.1 86.2 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled . . 158.2 144.5 Instructional staff: 3 Number of positions _ _ _ 445, 852 $1,955 $1, 213, 507, 345 $105 $88, 507, 753 $7. 64 465, 983 $959 Average salary 2 _ _ _ _ Current expense, excluding interest: Total amount _ _ $728, 291, 883 $70 $42,859, 143 $4. 10 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ Interest payments: Total amount _ _ _ Per pupil in average daily attendance. . . . Capital outlay: Total amount .. _ _ _ _ $132, 249, 323 $11. 41 $127, 096, 669 $12. 16 Per pupil in average daily attendance . . . . Indebtedness: Total amount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $2, 086, 727, 000 $749, 005, 283 $72 Per pupil in average daily attendance. . . . $180 Estimated value of school property: Total amount _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $5, 390, 927, 351 $405 $2, 244, 185, 195 $185 Per pupil enrolled . . . . . . 1 U. S. Bureau of the Census. 2 Figures revised since original publication. 8 Supervisors, principals, and teachers. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 Selected Data for State School Systems Because of the wide demand for certain items of public-school statis¬ tics for each State by persons who do not need the complete detail given in Statistics of State School Systems two tables of such items are in¬ cluded in this Summary. These tables provide some indication of the differences that exist between the school systems in the various States. While the length of the school term in days varied by 42 days from the lowest, 145.7 in Mississippi to the highest, 187.7 in Illinois, the average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled varied by 51.9 days from 118.0 days in Mississippi to 169.9 days in Michigan. This means that the average pupil in Michigan received 2 % months more schooling in 1941-42 than the average pupil in Mississippi, including both white and Negro in both States. If about the same number of pupils entered school each year and remained for 12 years we would expect to find about 33.3 percent of the total enrollment in the four high-school grades. For 1941-42 New York State had 32.6 percent of its enrollment in the high-school grades, but Mississippi had only 12.1 percent in these grades. There seems to be a direct relationship between the large number of school administrative units (many of them very small) and the small percentage of pupils transported to school (table 17). This is partic¬ ularly noticeable in such States as Illinois with 12,027 administrative units and only 3.3 percent of its pupils transported to school, Kansas with 8,624 units and 6.9 percent of its pupils transported, Michigan with 5,521 units and 7.9 percent of its pupils transported, Nebraska with 7,009 units and 3.1 percent of its pupils transported, New York with 6,106 units and 9.2 percent of its pupils transported, and Wiscon¬ sin with 6,881 units and 7.1 percent of its pupils transported. In contrast, from 28 percent to 38 percent of the pupils are transported in States such as Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia, all of which have relatively few administrative units served by fewer and larger schools. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 Table 17. — Length of school term, attendance and enrollment ratios , and number of administrative units in public day schools, by State, 1941-42 State Aver¬ age length of school term in days Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Percent of pupils enrolled attend¬ ing daily Percent of popula¬ tion 5-17 years of age, in¬ clusive, enrolled in public elemen¬ tary and secondary schools Percent of total enroll¬ ment in second¬ ary grades (9-12) Num¬ ber of pupils in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher Percent of pupils enrolled transport¬ ed at public expense Num¬ ber of admin¬ istra¬ tive units Continental United States.. . 174.7 149.6 85.6 84.2 26.0 24.5 18.3 115,384 Alabama . . . . 156.9 131.5 83.9 83.9 15.3 28.8 35.0 110 Arizona . . . 168.2 129.4 76.9 84.0 20.3 26.0 18.7 397 Arkansas. . 160.5 127.9 79.7 85.2 16.4 27.8 23.4 2, 644 California . 176.4 142.7 80.9 94.0 29.3 25.9 10.0 2, 794 Colorado . 169.8 150.8 88.8 86.2 25.7 21.0 14.0 1,851 Connecticut . . . 178.5 162.6 91.1 82.8 29.7 24.0 16.6 170 Delaware.. . 182.7 160.0 87.5 79.3 26.7 23.1 28.6 16 Florida . 169.3 148. 1 87.5 83.6 22.1 24.3 28.5 67 Georgia . 163.1 132.7 81.4 88.2 18.1 26.4 24.9 1, 252 Idaho. . 174. 1 146.8 84.3 96.4 28.4 22.2 22.7 1,278 Illinois . 187.7 162.5 86.6 78.7 29.3 23.2 3.3 12, 027 Indiana . 170. 1 145.1 85.3 88.9 28.9 26.6 33.6 1, 149 Iowa . 176.0 150.5 85.5 90.5 27.3 18.8 12.4 4, 861 Kansas . 172.6 151. 7 87.9 92.2 29.1 19.3 6.9 8, 624 Kentucky . . . 158.5 128.8 81.3 78.2 16.8 26.2 19.7 261 Louisiana . 167.2 140. 5 84.0 76.5 22. 1 26.0 33.5 67 Maine. _ _ 177.4 158.0 89.1 81.0 24. 1 23.1 22.7 500 Maryland... . . . 185.2 163.8 88.4 70.4 24.2 29.2 25.4 24 Massachusetts. . . . 176.4 154.9 87.8 76.9 30.9 23.9 8.3 351 Michigan . . 180.0 169.9 94.4 77.4 26.3 26.6 7.9 5,521 Minnesota . . 173.2 150.2 86.7 81.9 28.8 21.1 15.1 7,681 Mississippi. . 145.7 118.0 81.0 95.0 12. 1 29.7 25.9 5, 065 Missouri.. . 175.0 141.6 80.9 86.6 24.5 22.8 13. 1 8, 661 Montana . 176. 1 154.7 87.9 83.2 29.2 17.5 23.4 2,066 Nebraska. . 178.2 153.5 86.1 90.8 30.9 16.5 3.1 7,009 Nevada. . . 174.2 133.1 76.4 96.0 25.7 21.0 13.9 289 New Hampshire . 177.0 155.7 87.9 71.4 28.6 21.9 20.2 240 New Jersey . . 183.0 160.6 87.7 84.6 30.3 22.4 14.5 559 New Mexico . . 175.0 134.6 76.9 86.5 18.3 27.0 22.5 1,730 New York . . . 185.0 155.3 83.9 90.9 32.6 23.4 9.2 6, 106 North Carolina . 164.6 147.3 89.5 86.2 23.6 31.2 38.2 170 North Dakota . . 170.0 151. 1 88.9 82.5 24.4 15.6 14.8 2, 274 Ohio. . . . 181.8 166.4 91.6 82.8 30. 1 26.4 24.6 1,666 Oklahoma. . . . 176.1 150.6 85.5 89.5 24.9 24.8 23.7 4, 518 Oregon . . . 173.1 148.4 85.7 89.5 30.4 22.4 24.6 1,926 Pennsylvania _ _ 181.3 160.8 88.7 79.4 30.2 26.5 13.8 2, 517 Rhode Island. . . . 180.0 154.0 85.5 76.4 28.1 22.9 2.5 39 South Carolina . 163.7 132.8 81.2 84.9 18.2 25.2 17.8 1,742 South Dakota . 174. 5 150.7 86.3 85.2 27.3 14.6 7.4 3,001 Tennessee . . . . 165.9 137. 1 82.6 84.2 17.3 25.9 21.6 160 Texas. . . 172.0 139.3 81.0 80.9 26.3 23.1 22.0 5,107 Utah . 174.1 157.0 90.1 89.4 29.2 27.4 23.4 40 Vermont . . . 180. 7 159.6 88.4 77.0 21.5 20.2 10.9 269 Virginia . . 180.0 155.9 86.6 85.5 21.8 27.8 33.2 124 Washington . 179.5 139. 6 77.8 94.4 29.6 25.9 30.9 1, 148 West Virginia . . . 172.4 153.7 89.1 85.2 21.7 25.3 30.5 55 Wisconsin . 177.7 167.6 94.3 71.7 30.3 23. 1 7.1 6,881 Wyoming.. . . . . 175.1 139.8 79.8 94.1 27.4 16.8 24.1 376 District of Columbia . . . 169.6 144.1 85.0 88.8 25.5 26. 1- .1 1 Outlying parts of the United States _ 190.0 166.5 87.7 51.3 9.0 38.7 .5 130 Alaska. ... . . . 180.0 132.6 73.7 136.9 22.0 18.5 9.9 74 American Samoa _ 98.9 Canal Zone 198.9 172.6 86.8 91.7 18. 5 24.6 Hawaii 72.7 19.7 Puerto Rico... . . . . 190.0 167.3 88.1 47.2 5.6 40.3 .4 56 Virgin Islands 186.4 162.0 86.9 55.3 10. 1 27.8 i 70.4 percent, including natives of Alaska enrolled in U. S. Government schools. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 17 For the United States as a whole, the State as a governing unit supplies over 30 percent of the revenue receipts for financing the school system. Approximately half of the income (over 47 percent) is supplied by the State in 13 States, including the small State of Dela¬ ware, which supplies 90 percent from State sources (table 18). The State was the only public source supplying a larger proportion of income for the United States as a whole in 1941-42 than in 1939-40. The State is gradually assuming financially the responsibility it has legally for the maintenance of free public education. As would be expected, teachers salaries (average $1,507) and the current expense per pupil (average $103.49) were somewhat higher in 1941-42 than in 1939-40. There is, however, a greater range in 1941-42 between the highest average salary, $2,618 for New York State, and the lowest average salary, $517 for Mississippi, than in 1939-40 since the New York average increased slightly and the Mississippi average decreased slightly. In 1941-42 a little more than half as much was spent on new grounds, buildings, and equipment per pupil ($6.54) as in 1939-40 ($11.70). Table 18. — Financial data for public day schools, by State, 1941-42 State Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental sources Average salary of princi¬ pals, su¬ pervisors, and teachers Annual expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance for— Value of school property Federal State County Local Current expense (includ¬ ing in¬ terest) Capital outlay per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Continental United States _ 1.5 31.4 6.2 60.9 $1, 507 $103.49 $6. 54 $371 Alabama _ 3.3 55.0 22.8 18.9 787 40. 58 3. 09 103 Arizona _ .. . . 1.2 54.8 5.5 38.5 1, 653 108. 72 6.95 264 Arkansas . . .. 3.0 47.4 3:8 45.8 678 41.09 3. 27 130 California _ . 6.0 43.2 1.8 49. 0 174. 67 17. 09 443 Colorado _ _ .7 9.0 20.3 70.0 1, 417 107. 69 5. 46 362 Connecticut . . .5 10.0 89. 5 1, 932 129. 87 5. 77 485 Delaware _ _ 1.8 90.0 8.2 1,741 115. 39 1. 30 592 Florida . . . 1.0 47.4 21.5 30. 1 1, 130 75.24 9. 33 270 Georgia _ _ 2.4 57.3 16.3 24.0 806 45. 47 3. 07 141 Idaho . . . 1.0 23.8 14.7 60.5 1,115 89. 88 7. 76 302 Illinois . . . 1.2 9.0 .1 89.7 1, 807 134. 33 11. 16 560 Indiana _ _ . _ . . 7 31.7 .6 67.0 1,505 98. 42 5. 44 372 Iowa . . .8 1.6 2.5 95.1 1,061 98. 77 5. 97 336 Kansas.. . . . .8 12.9 13.4 72.9 1,021 91.70 2. 32 372 Kentucky... _ .. 1.8 38.1 27.9 32.2 936 53. 30 4. 13 160 Louisiana _ . _ 1.8 56.6 32.2 9.4 1,086 69. 55 5. 04 209 Maine 1.0 10.9 88. 1 1,000 70. 72 2. 98 267 Maryland _ _ .. 1.2 23.4 33.5 41.9 1,713 95. 85 6.91 348 Massachusetts . . .5 13. 1 86. 4 2, 049 131.92 2. 23 555 Michigan _ 1.1 44.6 .5 53.8 1,671 105. 38 7. 53 445 Minnesota _ 1.1 34.4 .6 63.9 1,288 109. 64 5.41 471 Mississippi _ _ _ ... 5.7 35.2 15.5 43.6 517 32. 98 135 Missouri _ ... ... .. 1.0 31.5 1.0 66.5 1,223 90. 67 4. 97 333 Montana. . ... . .. _ .8 21.1 17.1 61.0 1,224 126. 61 8. 50 432 Nebraska. . . 2.7 6.3 2.1 88.9 854 87. 90 3. 76 383 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 Table 18. — Financial data for public day schools, by Stale, 1941-42 — Continued State Percent distribution of revenue receipts from governmental sources Average salary of princi¬ pals, su¬ pervisors, and teachers Annual expendi¬ ture per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance for— Value of school property Federal State County Local Current expense (includ¬ ing in¬ terest) Capital outlay per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Nevada _ __ _ 3.4 19.9 55.5 21.2 1,644 138. 52 11. 13 448 New Hampshire _ 1. 7 6. 0 92. 3 1,293 102. 61 6 73 394 New Jersey _ _ _ . .4 9.8 13.7 76. 1 2, 157 169. 99 4.31 613 New Mexico _ _ 1. 4 77.9 8.3 12.4 1, 190 86. 39 9. 74 213 New York . . . 4 33. 7 65.9 2, 618 181. 21 9. 32 670 North Carolina _ _ __ 2. 1 66.3 22.5 9. 1 1, 019 48.28 5.25 159 North Dakota _ . ... . . 7 20.8 5.0 73.5 750 82. 92 4. 22 366 Ohio _ _ _ 7 35.4 .3 63.6 1.747 112. 29 5.20 420 Oklahoma. _ _ _ 2. 6 43. 1 6.2 48. 1 1, 120 74. 86 1. 25 224 Oregon... . . . .8 2.2 22.2 74.8 1, 430 110. 84 8. 40 383 Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ .6 24. 6 74.8 1. 724 118. 09 5. 10 434 Rhode Island 10. 2 89. 1 1, 830 134 03 5 40 563 South Carolina _ ... . L9 48.5 5.3 44.3 820 48. 70 2. 79 147 South Dakota _ 1.9 17.9 3.0 77.2 844 100. 73 5. 37 375 Tennessee- . . . . 1.7 37.3 45.9 15. 1 880 52.91 4. 02 134 Texas . . . . 1.0 49.3 .5 49.2 1,091 83. 72 10.91 288 Utah _ _ _ _ .9 40. 1 59.0 1,454 87. 60 6. 97 367 Vermont . . . 2.8 16.3 80. 9 1,001 94. 89 5. 17 288 Virginia. . . . . . 1.6 35.7 34.6 28. 1 1,047 57.26 5. 16 194 Washington _ 2. 1 54.2 5.0 38.7 1,920 130. 50 10. 79 408 West Virginia 1.0 49.8 49. 2 1,265 73. 95 5. 32 224 Wisconsin _ ... _ . .9 29.4 7.5 62.2 1,428 110. 52 6.81 440 Wyoming _ _ _ 9. 1 21. 1 17.2 52.6 1,145 126. 61 7. 63 376 District of Columbia _ 10.5 89.5 2, 329 137. 48 22. 74 661 Outlying parts of the United States. 4.4 81.3 14.3 1,281 36. 37 4. 80 76 Alaska _ _ _ _ 1, 938 157. 55 2. 84 407 Canal Zone . _ .. _ _ 1 1,745 118.51 179.40 411 Hawaii 2,045 Puerto Rico . . . ; 4.0 81.3 14.7 899 31.68 .72 61 Virgin Islands. _ 19.9 80. 1 900 45. 75 .47 | Trends in Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1869-70 to 1941-42 Changes in census, enrollment, staff, receipts, expenditures, and various derived statistics are shown for decades from 1870 to 1940, for the economic depression year of 1933-34, and for the biennium from 1939-40 to 1941-42 in table 19. One of the significant changes in trends during the biennium was the drop from 85.3 to 84.2 percent in the number of children 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive, who were enrolled. The percentage of children enrolled attending each day also dropped from 86.7 to 85.6. This reversal of trends in percentages of enrollment and attendance is probably due considerably to the demands of industry for additional labor. The smaller amount than usual spent this year for new grounds, buildings, and equipment caused changes in the proportions of the total budget spent for the various purposes, a much larger proportion being used for salaries than in recent years. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 19 Although the total expenditure per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance increased, partly due to decreases in enrollment and attendance, the expenditure per capita of total population decreased from $17.77 in 1939-40 to $17.25 in 1941-42. Table 19. — Statistical summary of the public elementary and secondary school system, 1869—70 to 1941—42 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 1941-42 134, 656, 078 29, 183, 560 24, 562, 473 6, 387, 805 21,031,322 3, 673, 423, 307 & 00 GO to GO 183, 194 675, 694 222, 660 $7, 801, 417, 262 1 s as I© CD 8 27, 146, 338 1, 562, 947, 223 742, 275, 913 84, 210, 095 GO CIO CD * r* as CD N e* eD g 137, 552, 326 1, 435, 407, 195 749, 738, 167 21.7 18.2 84.2 26.0 85,6 1939-40 131, 891, 632 29, 805, 259 25, 433, 542 6, 601, 444 22, 042, 151 3, 858, 012, 335 875,477 194, 725 680, 752 226, 762 $7,635,112, 546 ® g § Z 23, 104,293 1, 490, 424, 784 658, 983, 264 88, 014, 704 g GO © CD w 257, 973, 601 1, 369, 510, 172 716, 565, 154 22.6 19.3 85.3 26.0 86.7 1933-34 126, 425, 000 32, 392, 749 26, 434, 193 5, 669, 156 22, 458, 190 3, 853, 033, 594 O 3 161, 949 685, 171 241, 428 $6, 624, 771, 206 *5 § g CD © OD m- 22, 058, 583 1, 317, 898, 716 402, 500, 724 68, 194, 070 as N ID © © ee- 59, 276, 555 1, 103, 705, 671 557, 123, 003 25.6 20.9 81.6 21.4 85.0 1929-30 122, 775, 046 31, 571, 322 25, 678,015 4, 399, 422 21,264,886 3,672,765,005 854,263 141,771 712, 492 247, 289 $6, 211,327, 040 r- CD QO | GO GO O z 27, 516, 517 1, 645, 687, 651 329, 312, 434 86, 040, 235 i © as r- ©* w «/> 370, 877, 969 1, 295, 201, 424 650, 710, 991 25.7 20.9 81.3 17.1 82.8 1919-20 105, 710, 620 27, 728, 788 21, 578, 316 2, 200, 389 16, 150, 035 2, 615, 161, 151 e* eo as r» © 95, 654 583, 648 271,319 $2, 409, 719. 120 QO as w © © as 26,036,098 758, 896, 551 134, 278, 753 50, 908, 896 $1,036,151,209 153, 542, 852 613, 404, 578 269, 203, 779 26.2 20.4 77.8 10.2 74.8 1909-10 91,972,266 24, 239, 948 17, 813, 852 3 915, 061 12, 827, 307 2,011, 477,065 o d* w N *D 110, 481 412, 729 265, 474 $1,091,007, 512 $433, 063, 697 14,096, 555 312, 221, 582 64, 604, 701 42, 140, 859 © »D w 6* 69, 978, 370 253,915, 170 102, 356, 894 26.4 19.4 73.5 5.1 72.1 1899-1900 75, 602, 515 21, 404, 322 15, 503,110 3 519, 251 10, 632, 772 1,534,822,633 g © 0* 126, 588 296, 474 248, 279 $550, 069, 217 $219, 765,989 9, 152, 274 149, 486, 845 37, 886, 740 23, 240, 130 QO © © as N 6* 35, 450, 820 137, 687, 746 41,826, 052 28.3 20.5 72.4 3.3 68.6 1889-90 62, 622, 250 18, 543, 201 12, 722, 631 3 202, 963 8, 153, 635 1, 098, 232, 725 w as e* CD w 125, 525 238, 397 224, 526 $342, 531, 791 $143, 194,806 7, 744, 765 97, 222, 426 26, 345, 323 11,882,292 »D r- CD ID © 69- 26, 207, 041 91, 836, 484 22, 463, 190 29.6 20.3 68.6 1.6 64.1 1879-80 50, 155, 783 15, 065, 767 9, 867, 395 3 110, 277 6, 144, 143 800, 719,970 a. id CD X D* 122, 795 163, 798 178, 122 $209, 571, 718 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III $78,094,687 55,942,972 30.1 19.7 65.5 1. 1 62.3 1869-70 38, 558, 371 12, 055, 443 6, 871, 522 2 3 80, 227 4,077,347 539, 053, 423 200,515 77, 529 122, 986 116, 312 $130, 383, 008 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III $63,396, 666 37, 832, 566 31.3 17.8 57.0 1.2 59.3 Item A..— General statistics Total population 1 . . . . Children 5-17 years of age, inclusive 1___ Pupils enrolled (excluding duplicates) - - Pupils enrolled in public high schools... Average daily attendance . . Total number of days attended by all pupils . . . . Total teachers _ _ _ Men.. _ _ _ _ Women. _ _ _ _ Number of schoolhouses _ Value of all school property _ _ _ B. — Financial statistics Total revenue receipts _ Income from permanent funds and lands . . . . County and local taxes and appropria¬ tions.. . . . . . . State taxes and appropriations . . All other sources . . . Total expenditures _ Sites, buildings, furniture, libraries, and apparatus _ _ ... _ . . . Salaries of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and teachers _ _ _ All other purposes.. _ _ C. — Derived statistics Percent school population is of total population _ _ _ _ ... . Percent of total population enrolled _ Percent of children 5-17 years of age (in¬ clusive) enrolled _ _ _ Percent of pupils in high school . . ... Percent of children enrolled attending each day . . . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 21 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 Higher Education Except for undergraduate women in arts and science schools, there were decreases in enrollment in higher education for both men and women in both regular and summer sessions, on both undergraduate and graduate levels and in both schools of arts and sciences and pro¬ fessional schools from 1939-40 to 1941-42, showing that war condi¬ tions were already beginning to affect the colleges (table 20). Although there were 1,154 fewer bachelor’s and 2,083 fewer master’s degrees granted in 1941-42 than in 1939-40, the decrease was entirely in degrees granted to men (5,940 fewer bachelor’s and 2,329 fewer master’s) the women receiving more degrees (4,786 bachelor’s and 246 master’s). Income for educational and general purposes increased 9.6 percent from approximately $57 1,000, 000, to $626,000,000 from 1939-40 to 1941-42, but income specifically designated for increase of plant and additions to permanent funds decreased except for student loan funds. These received additions of almost $1,800,000 in 1941-42 compared with only a little over $1,000,000 in 1939-40. Because of war con¬ ditions, funds specifically designated for new buildings decreased (55 percent). Expenditures for educational and general purposes (not including extension courses) increased 8.9 percent. It is significant, however, that of the items included, the large increases were for organized research, 25.7 percent, and organized activities related to instruction, 38.7 percent, and not for routine instruction. Table 20. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1939-40 and 1941-42 Item 1939-40 1941-42 Number of institutions on mailing list _ 1, 751 1, 769 A. Staff, students, and degrees: Number reporting staff, students, and degrees _ 1,708 1, 720 Staff 1 (full-time equivalent): Total . . . . . 131, 552 134, 137 Men _ 94, 536 37, 016 96, 251 37, 886 Women _ _ _ _ Resident college enrollment: Regular session only _ 2 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 Men _ _ 2 893, 250 600, 953 818, 559 585, 431 Women _ _ Rummer session. . _ _ _ 456, 679 426, 849 Men _ _ 185, 277 271, 402 171, 795 255, 054 Women _ _ Third week of fall term (men and women)3 _ 1, 364, 815 417, 550 1, 180, 365 379, 070 Students enrobed for first time (mpn anri women) . 1 Administrative and instructional. 2 Revised since original publication. 3 Estimated for institutions not reporting this item. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 Table 20. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1939-40 and 1941-42 — Continued Item 1939-40 1941-42 A. Staff, students, and degrees— Continued. Number reporting staff, students, and degrees— Continued. Resident college enrollment— Continued. Arts and sciences: 744. 827 719, 054 406, 556 338, 271 379, 454 339, 600 Graduate . - . Men . . . . . . Women . . . . 54,584 45, 175 33, 711 20, 873 27,000 18, 175 Professional schools: 646,999 596, 194 Men . . . . . . 424, 487 222, 512 383, 988 212, 206 Graduate . . . . . . 51, 535 40,206 Men . . . . . . 33, 917 17, 618 26, 220 13, 986 Degrees: 186,500 185, 346 Men.. _ _ _ _ _ 109, 829 76, 671 103, 889 81, 457 Master’s . . . . . . . 26, 731 24, 648 16, 508 10, 223 14, 179 10, 469 Women _ _ ... Doctor’s.. . . . . . 3,290 3,497 Men . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 861 429 3, 036 461 Women _ _ _ _ _ Honorary (men and women) . . 1,452 1, 609 1, 619 1,628 B. Receipts: NumbeY reporting receipts. . . . . Receipts specifically designated for additions to: Physical plant . $66, 208, 774 38, 688, 220 2, 305, 870 1, 043, 057 2, 480, 537 $30, 096, 440 32, 818, 316 1, 670, 196 1. 792, 067 2. 229, 872 Endowment funds .. . Annuity funds . . . . . Student loan funds . . . . . . . . Other nonexpendable funds. . . . Educational and general 4 . . . . . 571, 288, 116 626. 295, 821 Student fees . . . . . . . 200, 896, 617 71, 304, 241 38, 859, 955 151. 222, 535 24, 392. 256 40, 452, 846 32, 776, 630 11,383, 036 201, 364, 783 74, 074, 813 58. 231, 545 166, 531, 881 27, 057, 483 45, 916, 372 40, 308, 019 12, 810, 925 Endowment earnings . . . . . . . . Federal Government _ _ _ _ _ State governments. . . . . . County, city, and district governments _ _ Private gifts and grants _ _ _ _ _ . Sales and services of organized activities . . . Miscellaneous and unitemized sources _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities . . . . . . 143, 923, 145 157, 424, 398 C. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures _ _ _ 1, 609 1,628 Educational and general: Administration and general expense . . . $62, 826, 835 280, 247, 703 27, 266, 103 19, 487, 079 69, 611, 807 27, 224, 769 $66, 968, 127 298, 557, 519 34. 286, 841 19, 762, 502 72, 594, 486 37, 770, 717 Resident instruction _ _ _ _ Organized research . . . Libraries _ .. ... _ Physical plant operation and maintenance _ _ _ Organized activities related to instruction . Subtotal.. _ _ _ _ .. 486, 664, 296 35,325,461 529, 940, 192 42, 525, 245 Extension _ _ _ _ _ _ Total educational and general expenditures _ _ 521, 989, 757 572, 465, 437 4 Excluding receipts specially designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Table 20. — Summary data for institutions of higher education , 1939-40 and 1941-42 — Continued Item 1939-40 1941-42 C. Expenditures— Continued. Auxiliary enterprises and activities. . 124, 184, 299 28, 514. 329 83, 764, 961 137, 327, 911 28, 375, 432 50, 201, 751 Other noneducational expenditures. _ _ _ _ Capital outlay . . . . . . . D. Property: Number reporting property _ 1,440 (5) Total . . . . . . $4, 518, 383, 918 (s) Endowment funds ® _ _ _ 1, 686, 282, 767 49. 536, 799 28, 784, 189 2, 303, 302, 488 450, 477. 675 (5) (5) (5) (!) (!) Annuity funds. . . . . . . . Student loan funds. ... . . . .. . Grounds, buildings, and improvements 7 _ _ Equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . * Data not tabulated. e Including funds temporarily functioning as endowments. 7 Including unexpended plant funds. The trend of increasing college enrollments has been stopped temporarily by the war conditions (table 21) with the result that enrollments in 1941-42 equalled only 14 percent of persons 18 to 21 years of age, inclusive as compared with 15 percent in 1939-40. Table 21. — Increase in college enrollment and population 18-21 years of age , 1889-90 to 1941-42 Enrollment Population 18-21 years of age Number enrolled per 100 persons 18-21 years of age Year Number Percent increase since 1889-90 Number Percent increase since 1889-90 1889-90 . . . 156, 756 237, 592 5, 151, 067 5, 930, 765 3 1899-1900. . . . . 51.6 15.1 4 1909-10 _ _ _ _ _ 355, 215 126.6 7, 335, 453 42.4 5 1919-20 . . . . 597, 857 1, 100, 737 281.4 7, 343, 794 42.6 8 1929-30 _ _ _ 602.2 9,026,741 75.2 12 1939-40 _ _ 1,494,203 853.2 9, 753, 537 89.3 15 1941-42.. . . 1,403,990 795.7 i 9, 932, 577 92.8 14 1 Estimated. Summer Session and Extension and Correspondence Work The trend of increase in summer session enrollments since 1933-34 stopped in 1941-42 (table 22). The similar trend in collegiate ex¬ tension and correspondence courses stopped in 1939-40, but the upward trend in noncollegiate extension and correspondence work continued, although the total number of students engaged in this form of study is still small compared with 1931-32. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 Table 22. — Enrollment in summer session and in extension and correspondence work in institutions of higher education , 1919-20 to 1941-42 Year Enrollment Year Enrollment Summer session 1 Extension and cor¬ respond¬ ence 3 Summer session 1 Extension and correspondence Collegi¬ ate Noncol- legiate 1 91 9-20 132, 849 220, 311 278, 125 340, 461 382, 776 388, 006 101,662 155, 163 194, 147 324, 819 360, 246 354, 133 1931-32 . 414, 260 303, 754 370, 026 429, 864 456, 679 426, 849 265, 265 208, 507 251,469 295, 351 292, 236 281, 483 174, 921 45, 484 46, 452 75, 822 70, 145 80,904 1921-22 1933-34 . . 1 Q 23-24 1935-36 1925-26 1937-38 . - 1 Q27-28 1939-40 1929-30 1941-42 . . i For odd years. 3 Break-down by level not available before 1931-32. Junior Colleges Although since 1925-26 enrollments in junior colleges publicly controlled have exceeded enrollments in those privately controlled, the number of public institutions of this type has always been less than the number of private institutions, but has been increasing. Reports for the Biennial Survey of Education were received from one more public than private institution, due to differences in com¬ pleteness of reporting, although the Educational Directory , 1941-42, published by the U. S. Office of Education, listed 239 public and 250 private junior colleges (table 23). The total enrollment figure decreased from 1939-40 to 1941-42 in spite of the fact that reports were received from 5 more junior colleges in 1941-42. This changed the upward trend in enrollments which has been continuous, except perhaps for the depression year of 1933-34 when fewer institutions reported than two years previously. Table 23. — Junior colleges and their enrollment , 1919-20 to 1941-42 Year Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1919-20 _ 52 8, 102 10 2,940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ _ 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24... . . 132 20, 559 39 9, 240 93 11, 319 1925-26 _ _ _ _ _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 . . . 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16, 418 1929-30 . . 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19,115 1931-32 . . . 342 85, 063 159 58, 887 183 26, 176 1933-34 . . . . 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36 . . . 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 1937-38 . . . . 453 121, 510 209 82, 041 244 39, 469 1939-40 . . . . . . 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941-42 . . 461 141, 272 231 100,783 230 40, 489 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 College Graduates The long-term upward trend in the number graduating from college annually with bachelor’s or first professional degrees changed in 1941-42 by a slight decrease of 0.6 percent from 186,500 to 185,346 from 1939-40 to 1941-42. This trend is undoubtedly a result of war conditions and will continue until after the war (table 24). Table 24. — Number of persons graduated from college per 100 persons 21 years of age , 1869-70 to 1941-42 Year Number grad¬ uated from college 1 Number of persons 21 years of age 3 Number grad¬ uated per 100 persons 21 years of age 1869-70 . . 9, 371 725,000 1.3 1879-80 . . . . . . . . 10, 353 998, 964 1.0 1889-90 _ _ _ _ _ _ 14, 306 1, 246, 876 1.2 1899-1900 _ _ _ _ _ 25, 324 1, 426, 849 1.8 1909-10 . . . 34, 178 1,789,404 1.9 1919-20 . . . . . . 48, 622 1, 821, 712 2.7 1929-30. . 122, 484 2, 211,031 5.5 1939-40.. . . . . . . 186,500 2, 367, 661 7.9 1941-42 _ _ _ _ _ 185, 346 3 2, 441, 489 7.6 i Bachelor’s and first professional degrees only. * U. S. Bureau of the Census. 3 Estimated. Degrees Granted by Institutions of Higher Education Approximately 20 percent more first degrees are granted by schools and colleges organized to train for one profession than by general schools or colleges of arts and sciences (table 25). The arts and sciences schools, however, granted approximately 20 percent of all first degrees in professional fields in 1941-42 (23,172 out of 124,098). The fact that teachers are needed to teach the fourth of the popula¬ tion attending day school full-time accounts for the large number of first degrees granted in the field of education, 43,132, or 34.8 percent of all first degrees in professional fields. No other profession serves so large a portion of the population daily. The other major professions in the order of the number of first degrees granted were: Commerce, 18,117; engineering, 15,521; law, 5,733; and medicine, 5,601. Edu¬ cation and engineering lead in the number of master’s degrees granted in 1941-42, and education and agriculture in the number of doctor’s degrees. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 Table 25. — Degrees granted by institutions of higher education , 1941-42 Degrees Field Bachelor’s Professional schools Schools of arts and sciences Master’s i Doctor’s 100,926 84, 420 24,648 3, 497 61, 248 i 23, 172 10, 474 2 14, 174 2, 339 2 1, 158 100, 926 Agriculture .. _ _ _ - - - _ 4,858 452 205 543 156 Architecture __ --- -- - - 64 Commerce _ _ .. - - . . 12, 542 5, 575 3 179 670 54 Dentistry ... ... _ . .. .. _ 1,878 •73 Education. ... _ _ . _ .. 37, 468 14,847 472 5, 664 674 9, 721 1,043 51 425 Engineering (all branches) 129 Fine arts _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 528 Forestry ... . _ . _ 534 35 3 Home economics .. .. ------ 4, 092 610 2,932 916 173 4 Journalism . _ _ _ _ _ -- -- -- 52 1 Law _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ 5,733 875 4 685 125 35 Library science . ... 371 46 7 Medicine.. ----- .. . _ _ . 5,601 1, 405 5 2, 320 1, 797 326 194 35 Music.. _ _ _ .. _ .. 553 6 Nursing ..... _ _ 567 96 Osteopathy . . . . . . 380 Pharmacy _ ...- _ _ ... 1, 706 41 19 Theology _ _ _ _ 1,727 335 83 1 Veterinary medicine 547 4 Other _ .. _ . _ 4, 632 355 200 1 Majors in professional fields in schools of arts and sciences. 4 Prelaw. 2 Granted by professional schools only. 4 Premedicine. 3 Predentistry. Schools of Nursing The normal enrollment in schools of nursing is a little under 100,000 of which over a third are entering students. The normal number of graduates from all types of courses, but usually 3-year, is a little under 25,000 (table 26). On January 1, 1942, the 1,299 State accredited nursing schools reported enrollments of 91,457 students to the National Information Bureau of the American Nurses Association. This was a 7.4 percent increase over enrollments reported by this group of schools in January 1940. At this same rate of increase the total enrollment in all schools of nursing in 1941-42 would be about 105,000. Table 26. — Enrollment and graduates of 1,304 schools of nursing, 1939—40 Item Total Men Women Enrollment: Total _ _ _ _ _ 97,345 2,064 95,281 Entering students . _ _ _ 37,200 1,459 35, 741 Graduates Total _ 24,076 1,211 22, 865 Course of 5 years or more . _ _ ... _ 469 137 22, 064 61 1,345 5 1 217 2 986 464 136 21, 847 59 359 4-year course.. . _ _ _ .. .. _ _ 3-year course _ ... . _ _ 2-year course . . . . . Course of 1 year or less ... . 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 Teachers There were approximately 1,093,000 teachers at all levels of educa¬ tion from kindergarten through college reported to the U. S. Office of Education in 1941-42, about 11,000 fe^wer than in 1939-40. Super¬ intendents, supervisors, and principals are not included. The total number of teachers and the number of elementary public- school teachers decreased for both men and women, but in public secondary schools most of the decrease in men teachers was offset by an increase in women teachers (table 27). The increase in the number of teachers in private schools, especially men, is due partly to the fact that a much larger number of the religious (priests and brothers as distinguished from the laity) were teaching in the Catholic schools in 1941-42 than in 1939-40, according to data supplied by the National Catholic Welfare Conference. For all teachers the proportion of men and women remained approxi¬ mately as it was in 1939-40, 27 percent men and 73 percent women. Table 27. — Teachers in schools and colleges , 1919-20 to 1941—42 Type of school, by level 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 l 1941-42 Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Total _ 151,215 663, 95S 2217,138 2820,467 301, 131 803, 152 293, 719 799, 367 Kindergarten and elementary schools: Public _ 63, 024 523, 244 67, 239 573, 718 67, 140 508, 060 59, 567 499, 261 Private- ... _ _ _ . 6, 322 38, 977 8 1, 466 3 60, 101 3, 047 61, 800 3, 720 61, 792 Secondary schools: Public 1 2 3 4 5 * 7 8 9 * 11 _ 32, 386 70, 289 74, 532 138, 774 126, 837 173, 440 123, 627 176, 433 Private 4 _ _ _ 5,698 9,248 8 8, 157 8 13, 631 11, 547 18, 583 11, 960 19,719 Preparatory departments of colleges _ _ 2,714 1, 568 1, 564 1,251 1, 968 1,753 1, 727 1, 745 Higher education: Normal schools and teachers colleges: Public _ 2, 963 5, 161 5, 315 7,588 s 4, 946 8 5, 737 5 5, 284 5 5, 863 Private... .. _ _ 597 866 680 880 5 365 5 657 5 347 5 579 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ . 33, 229 8,020 55, 297 15, 112 5 80, 936 5 24, 176 5 83,278 5 25, 157 Residential schools for exceptional children _ _ 0 1, 165 « 2, 744 7 1, 578 7 6, 571 8 1, 107 8 4, 599 9 1, 107 9 4, 599 Federal schools for Indians and Alaskans.. _ _ . ... _ 141 652 447 1, 132 438 947 452 969 Private, commercial, and business schools . . . 2,976 3, 189 io 1, 863 i° 2, 211 n 2, 800 ii 3, 400 H2, 650 H3,250 1 Sex distribution for private elementary schools revised since originally published. 2 Does not include 1,000 men and 502 women duplicates in universities, colleges, and professional schools. 3 Data for 1927-28. 4 Data for 1929-30 and subsequent years include teachers in junior high schools. 5 Includes duplicates between noncollegiate and collegiate departments and critic teachers in institutions of higher education. 0 Data for 1917-18. 7 Data for 1926-27. 8 Distribution by sex estimated. 9 Data for 1939-10. i° Data for 1928-29. 11 Estimated on the basis of a study made by the War Emergency Council of Private Business Schools. Does not include part-time teachers. 1939-40 data revised since originally published. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 29 Schools for Negroes Public Schools, Elementary and Secondary Seventeen States and the District of Columbia maintain separate schools for the Negro race. In the District of Columbia, however, facilities, including salary schedules, length of term, supervision, types of courses, etc., are the same for both races. In most of the States with dual school systems, the standards for the schools for Negroes are below those for the whites. The average length of the school term changed by only a fraction of a day between 1939-40 and 1941-42, but it decreased from 170.8 to 170.2 days for schools for whites, and increased from 156.3 to 156.8 for schools for Negroes (table 28). Similarly the average number of days attended decreased from 145.0 to 143.5 days for white pupils, but increased from 125.7 to 128.0 days for Negro pupils. The pupil-staff ratio decreased slightly for both races. Only 13 States and the District of Columbia reported the average salaries of the white and Negro teachers separately in 1939-40, but 14 States and the District of Columbia reported them in 1941-42; all except Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. In general the average salaries increased during the biennium for both races. Table 28. — Comparative data for white and Negro schools in 17 States and the District of Columbia, 1941-42 State or District of Columbia Average length of term in days in schools for — Average number of days attended by each pupil en¬ rolled in schools for— Number of pupils enrolled per member of in¬ structional staff i in schools for— Average annual sal¬ ary of principals, supervisors, and teachers in schools for— Whites Negroes Whites Negroes Whites Negroes Whites Negroes Total 170.2 156.8 143.5 128.0 28.6 36.1 Alabama... _ _ 159.9 151.3 134.4 126.2 30.6 40.0 $923 $458 Arkansas. ... _ 164.8 146.9 131.6 116. 5 32.7 41.2 740 441 Delaware _ _ 182.6 183.4 161.2 153.8 25.0 27.0 1, 796 1, 440 Florida.. . 170.5 166.0 150.5 141.9 25.7 30.0 1, 282 671 Georgia. _ ... 167.5 154.9 139.0 121.8 29.4 37.8 961 460 Kentucky. _ _ . 157.6 170.3 128.1 138.7 30.6 27.7 (2) (2) Louisiana _ .. 175.7 152.9 148.3 127.4 26.8 40.2 1, 302 547 Maryland . . 180.2 185.5 160.6 158.9 31.0 34.2 1, 741 1,593 Mississippi _ 165.4 124. 1 29.4 42.4 712 226 Missouri . 174.7 178.7 141.9 138.4 27.2 33.3 1, 211 1, 403 North Carolina _ 164.7 164.5 150.3 140.4 32.0 36.0 1, 079 867 Oklahoma. _ 176.2 175.0 150.8 148.4 26.8 23.8 1, 125 1,074 South Carolina . 173.8 150.2 146.5 116.0 27.4 36.2 1, 038 465 Tennessee . . 165.9 166.0 137.0 137.3 29.3 35.8 (2) (2) Texas _ _ 173.6 163.6 142.1 125.2 26.6 32.2 1, 147 754 Virginia _ 180.0 180.0 157.5 151.3 29.5 34.9 1, 133 765 West Virginia _ 172.5 171.5 153.6 154.2 27.5 27.4 (2) (2) District of Columbia. 169.4 170.1 143.6 143.9 27.5 32. 1 2, 329 2,329 1 Principals, supervisors, teachers, and other instructional staff 2 Separate data not available 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Institutions of Higher Education There were 43,331 students enrolled in the 107 separate institutions for the higher education of Negroes reporting in 1941-42 as compared with 43,003 in the 105 colleges reporting in 1939-40, and the propor¬ tion of women students increased from 57.2 percent to 59.7 percent. The proportion of women in all colleges increased from 40.2 percent to 41.7 percent. The larger proportion of women in colleges for Negroes is probably due to the fact that the major professional outlet for the employment of Negroes is teaching in which field many more women are employed than men (table 29). Table 29. — Resident college enrollment of institutions for the higher education of Negroes , by sex and State , 1941-42 State or District of Columbia Number of institutions reporting Resident college enroll¬ ment 1 Men 1 Women Total _ 107 17, 444 25, 887 Alabama _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 1, 822 2,316 Arkansas _ ... ... _ _ ... ... . 5 381 732 Delaware.. _ - _ _ . -- - - ----- -- --- 1 49 86 Florida . - . . . - . . . - _ 4 704 1, 222 Georgia. _ _ _ _ _ .. _ _ _ 11 1, 344 2, 171 Kentucky.. ... .. .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 317 528 Louisiana _ . - . _ _ .. _ 5 998 1,485 Maryland _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. ._ 4 320 658 Mississippi . . . . . . . 7 471 636 Missouri _ .. - - - - .. . . ... ... 3 557 554 North Carolina _ _ _ . - - - - 12 2,096 3, 605 Ohio -. .. _ _ 1 397 458 Oklahoma _ _ . _ 1 269 412 Pennsylvania _ .. . . . . . 2 426 167 South Carolina _ _ _ _ _ ... _ 11 1,042 1,935 Tennessee . . . . . . .. .. _ 8 1,278 1,980 Texas . .. _ _ _ _ 12 1,643 2,887 Virginia _ _ ... . _ _ . _ _ _ . 6 1,544 1, 722 West Virginia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 562 841 District of Columbia. _ _ _ 2 1, 224 1, 492 i Regular session only. School Survival Rates The holding power of the schools through both high school and college continued to increase in the 1940-42 biennium. Of 1,000 pupils, originally counted when they were in the fifth grade, 457 were graduated from high school in 1940 and 467 in 1942, and 69 were graduated from college in 1940 and 72 in 1942 (tables 30 and 31). The holding power of the high school itself (table 32) reached a peak in 1941 (583 out of 1,000) and held this peak for 1942. The holding power of the college itself (table 33) decreased during the biennium. Of 1,000 freshmen in the class of 1940, 508 were graduated, while of 1,000 in the class of 1942, only 472 were graduated. The war will greatly reduce the number of persons, especially men, who can enter or remain to be graduated from college. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 Table 30. — Number surviving through college per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in— Education Fifth grade 1 _ High-school graduation _ College graduation _ Year of college graduation _ 1906-07 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 403 1, 000 139 252 270 302 316 333 355 378 417 23 52 51 53 57 60 65 69 70 72 1918 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 i Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. Table 31. — Number surviving, by grade or year, per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the fifth grade in the years indicated Grade or year Elementary: Fifth i _ Sixth _ Seventh.. . Eighth _ High school: I _ II _ III _ IV _ Graduates _ Year of graduation College: I _ Graduates _ Year of graduation Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in— 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1, 000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1, 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 911 919 928 939 954 943 929 935 944 953 815 824 834 847 861 872 884 889 895 892 745 754 779 805 825 824 818 831 836 842 642 677 714 736 760 770 780 786 792 802 509 552 588 624 647 652 651 664 688 712 421 453 485 498 512 529 546 570 594 590 370 400 415 432 454 463 482 510 512 513 316 333 355 378 403 417 432 457 462 467 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 112 129 135 137 139 146 57 60 65 69 70 72 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 i Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. Table 32.: — Number surviving by high-school year per 1,000 pupils enrolled in the first year of high school in the years indicated Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in first year of high school in — High-school year 1927- 28 1928- 29 1929- 30 1930- 31 1931- 32 1932- 33 1933- 34 1934- 35 1935- 36 1936- 37 1937- 38 1938- 39 I 1,000 758 1,000 1,000 793 1, 000 815 1,000 823 1, 000 848 1,000 852 1,000 847 1,000 835 1, 000 845 1,000 1,000 886 II _ 768 869 III _ 596 627 656 577 669 680 677 674 687 700 725 751 736 IV 533 562 591 582 586 597 601 618 651 646 640 Graduates ... ... _ 465 495 492 492 498 513 531 541 554 581 583 583 Year of graduation 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 Table 33. — Number surviving through college per 1,000 enrolled at specified levels Level Number per 1,000 surviving to graduate from college in — 1935 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 Fifth grade 51 60 65 69 70 72 First year of high school _ _ 88 89 90 94 92 94 First year of college 418 467 479 508 505 472 Educational Attainment of the Population Instead of asking the usual question on illiteracy (inability of a person 10 years of age or over to read and write in any language) the 1940 Census asked the actual educational attainment in number of 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 years of school completed for each person 5 years of age and over. Summaries of these data are given in Part I, United States Summary, Population, Volume IV, Characteristics by Age, of the 16th Census of the United States, 1940. Data are given by single year groups, ages 5 to 24, inclusive, separately for those attending school and those not attend¬ ing school (who have presumably completed their formal education), and by 5-year groups for persons from 25 to 74 years of age and for those 75 years and over. Differentiations are made for male, female, urban, rural-farm, rural-nonfarm, white, and nonwhite. The cumulative effect of mass education in recent years is shown by the median of 11.2 years of school completed by the population 20 to 24 years of age as compared with only 8.4 years for the popu¬ lation 25 years of age and over (table 34). This is especially true of high-school education. A larger percent (44.4) of the younger group, 20 to 24 years, have completed the 4 years of high school than went to high school at all (39.6) of the group 25 years of age and over. Table 34. — Educational attainment of the population 20 years old and over, 1940 20 to 24 years 25 years and over School years completed Number of persons Percent Number of persons Percent Total L-- _ 11, 500, 504 100.0 73, 733, 866 100.0 No school years completed . . .. . __ 102, 361 .9 2, 799, 923 3.8 Grade school: 1-4 years _ _ _ _ - . . 508, 406 4.4 7, 304, 689 9.9 5 and 6 years. . . . . 709, 607 6. 2 8, 515, 111 11.6 7 and 8 years . . . . . . 2, 400, 003 20.9 25, 897, 953 35. 1 High school: 1-3 years _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .. 2, 672, 439 23.2 11, 181, 995 15. 2 4 years . _ _ _ _ 3, 666, 404 31.9 10, 551, 680 4, 075, 184 14. 3 College: 1-3 years. . . . . . 1, 056, 338 9.2 5.5 4 years or more . . . . . . 384, 946 3.3 3, 407, 331 4.6 Median school years completed . . . 11.2 8.4 1 Not including persons for whom school years completed were not reported. Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census. Sources of Income for Education The income for publicly and privately controlled education (ex¬ cluding income from auxiliary enterprises and activities and income for additions to permanent funds) increased about $100,400,000 in the 1940-42 biennium, largely from public funds. Student fees that had increased over $20,000,000 in each of the two previous bienniums increased less than $500,000 in the 1940-42 biennium, and income from gifts decreased about $2,300,000 as contrasted with over $5,500,- 000 increase in income from this source in the previous biennium. This clearly shows that some of the usual sources of income for the privately controlled institutions (student fees and gifts) dried up during the 1940-42 biennium (table 35). STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Table 35. — Biennial increases in income for education , by source, 1936-38, 1938-40, and 1940-42 Source 1936-38 1938-40 1940-42 Total _ S451, 020, 000 i S103. 986, 000 8100, 384, 000 Public funds -- _ _ - _ _ -- -- 360, 610,000 20, 862, 000 20. 4G4, 000 49. 084. 000 62, 279, 000 21, 900, 000 5, 537, 000 14, 270, 000 81, 470, 000 468,000 i -2, 284, 000 20, 730, 000 Student fees - -- -- -- -- _ _ - -- Gifts _ _ _ _ Other sources - - i Decrease. Of the total income for publicly controlled education (table 36) a larger percentage was received from Federal and State funds in 1941-42 than in 1939-40 (35.5 percent as compared with 34.1 per¬ cent); a smaller percent was received from county, city, or school district funds (61.1 percent as compared with 62.5 percent); and the same percent (3.4) was received for each of the two periods from student fees, gifts, and other sources. Although data are not avail¬ able for sources of income for private elementary and secondary education, tuition fees are the largest source of income, except for the parochial schools which are largely church-supported. Table 36. — Sources of income for education, 1941—42 Source of income Total Elementary and secondary schools Institutions of higher education Residential schools for exceptional children (1939-40) Grand total _ $3, 543, 295, 567 $2,829,958,585 ’ $656,392,261 $56,944, 721 Publicly controlled _ _ Total governmental _ _ Federal _ _ 2, 991, 296, 703 2, 593, 958, 585 i 348, 100, 762 49, 237, 356 2, 889, 815, 375 2, 593, 712, 370 247, 814, 292 48, 288, 713 83, 338, 030 979, 539, 773 1, 826, 937, 572 34, 305, 190 760, 310, 199 1, 799, 096, 981 49,032.840 | 170, 940, 861 27, 840, 591 State _ County, city, or district _ 48, 288, 713 Student fees _ _ 54, 893, 306 10, 797, 050 35, 790, 972 54, 893, 306 10, 550, 835 34, 842, 329 (2) (2) 948, 643 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants _ .. Other sources _ _ - 246,215 Privately controlled _ - . . Total governmental _ 551, 998, 864 3 236, 000, 000 4 308, 291,499 i 5 7. 707, 365 23, 237. 976 19, 138, 990 4, 098, 986 Federal _ _ __ _ 10, 762, 162 12, 140, 216 335, 598 10, 762, 162 8, 041, 230 335, 598 State 4, 098, 986 County, city, or district _ Student fees .. _ .. _ 146, 471, 477 50, 329, 604 331, 697, 953 146, 471,477 50, 329, 604 92, 351, 428 (2) (2) 3, 346, 525 Private subsidies, gifts, and grants _ - _ . . Other sources _ ... . 3 236, 000, 000 1 Does not include $68,578,059 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, or $6,695,034 for increase of permanent funds, including gifts for this purpose. 2 Not reported separately. 3 Estimated. 4 Does not include $88,846,339 for auxiliary enterprises and activities, or $31,815,417 for increase of per¬ manent funds, including gifts for this purpose. * Includes $261,854 undistributed by source. The trend toward an increased proportion of tax funds for the public-school system from the State continues with 31.6 percent from State taxation and appropriation in 1941-42 as compared with 30.7 percent 2 years earlier, and 19.5 percent 10 years earlier. In this 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 way the State as a unit equalizes the financial support of public education and thus provides better education in some places within the State than could be provided by local support only (table 37). Table 37. — Receipts from taxation and appropriation for the public-school system , 1931-32 to 1941-42 Year Total (per¬ cent) Source Year Total (per¬ cent) Source State County Local State County Local 1931-32 _ 100.0 19.5 8.8 71.7 1937-38 _ 100.0 29.8 6.5 63. 7 1933-34 _ 100.0 23.4 9.4 67.2 1939-40 100.0 30. 7 6. 7 62. 6 1935-36 _ 100.0 29.4 7.1 63.5 1941-42 _ 100.0 31.6 6.2 62.2 Expenditures for Public and Private Education The very large portion of the educational systems that reported to the U. S. Office of Education spent about $3,203,500,000 in 1941- 42, approximately $4,000,000 more than in 1939-40, but the publicly supported schools spent $25,000,000 less and the privately supported schools $29,000,000 more in 1941-42 than in 1939-40 (table 38). There is a considerable amount of money spent, mostly from tuition fees, by private commercial schools; private trade and vocational schools ; private schools of art, music, and drama; and private correspondence schools that do not report to the U. S. Office of Education, which is not included in the approximately $532,000,000 reported expended for privately supported education in 1941-42. Excluding the expenditures for education of special classes in residential schools for exceptional children and for Indians on reserva¬ tions, 51 percent of educational expenditures are for elementary schools, 29 percent for secondary schools, and 20 percent for higher education. Table 38. — Expenditures for schools reporting, including capital outlay, 1941-42 Schools Total Publicly controlled Privately controlled Total (continental United States) _ Elementary schools 1 2 _ _._ . _ _ ... _ Secondary schools 1 $3, 203, 547, 586 $2,671,653,202 $531, 894, 384 1, 623, 962, 628 934, 735, 060 574, 063, 247 48, 603, 941 4, 270, 932 2, 266, 084 3, 185, 395 3, 284, 334 9, 175, 965 1, 453, 962, 628 868, 735, 060 283, 251, 646 46, 220, 519 4, 169, 893 946, 195 2, 084, 081 3, 107, 215 9, 175, 965 2 170, 000, 000 2 66, 000, 000 290, 811, 601 2, 383, 422 101, 039 1, 319. 889 1, 101,314 177, 119 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (includ¬ ing preparatory departments)3 _ _ - _ Teachers colleges and normal schools 4 _ . _ Schools for delinquents *. _ .. . - - - ... Schools for the blind 5 _ _____ . - - Schools for the deaf 5_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Schools for the mentally deficient 3 _ Federal schools for Indians 1 Distribution of expenditures between elementary and secondary schools based on a secondary school pupil costing 70 percent more annually than an elementary school pupil. 2 Estimated on basis of cost per pupil in public schools. 3 Does not include $53,200,821 public, $75,174,276 private, and $128,375,097 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities, and $6,287,907 public, $21,588,891 private, and $27,876,798 total for other non- educational expenditures. 4 Does not include $8,569,929 public, $382,885 private, and $8,952,814 total expenditures for auxiliary enter¬ prises and activities and $347,245 public, $151,389 private, and $498,634 total for other noneducational ex¬ penditures. s 1939-40 data for State and private residential schools reporting. Does not include city public schools. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 The cost of educating 25,448,450 students in publicly controlled schools in 1941-42 was 8.5 cents per day, per person 21 years of age and over (86,017,000, excluding members of the armed forces abroad) on July 1, 1942. The* cost of educating the 3,335,496 students |in private schools (for which expenditures are given) was 1.7 cents. Therefore, the cost for public and private education is 10.2 cents per day, or $37.24 per year for 1941-42 as compared with 10.4 cents per day or $38.10 per year in 1939-40 per adult. A median education of 1 1 .4 years had been completed by the persons who became of voting age (21) in 1940. Thus we are supplying by means of public education approximately 12 years or more of education to half of our oncoming generation at a cost of under $450 per present citizen for the education of a future citizen. Expenditure Per Pupil in City School Systems While the wide variation of from $33.74 to $334.36 in the amount of money spent annually per pupil in a representative group of city school systems (table 39) is due partly to differences in the cost of living, it is due chiefly to differences in services offered and the general level of salaries paid. Both the median and average (arithmetic mean) expenditures per pupil decrease with the size of the city. Table 39. — Total current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in 275 city school systems, 1941-42 1 Number of cities Expenditure per pupil Size of city Median Range Arithmetic mean Cities of 100,000 population or more . 45 $117. 00 $53. 34-181. 80 $139. 28 Cities of 30,000-99,999 population . . . 70 111. 43 41. 38-236. 92 115. 65 Cities of 10,000-29,999 population. . 80 94. 37 33. 74-334. 36 97. 10 Cities of 2,500-9,999 population . . . 80 87.27 36. 72-182. 97 87. 99 i Source: Expenditure Per Pupil in City Schools, 1941-42, Circular No. 219. Federal Expenditures for Education In 1941-42 the Federal Government appropriated approximately $316,000,000 from regular and emergency funds for educational pur¬ poses (table 40). The $82,000,000 from regular funds was for six general purposes: (1) Administration, research, and service by the U. S. Office of Education $1,000,000, (2) higher education in land-grant colleges $31,000,000, (3) regular vocational education in public secondary schools $22,000,000, (4) vocational rehabilitation of civilians $3,000,000, (5) to States and for the public-school system of the Dis¬ trict of Columbia from leases or royalties or in lieu of taxation of Federal property for support of schools $6,000,000, and (6) the support of Federal schools for Indians, for the Panama Canal Zone, for prep- 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 aration for military service and for education in certain institutions in the District of Columbia $19,000,000. The $234,000,000 appropri¬ ated from emergency funds was for three major purposes: (1) War training programs $117,000,000, (2) school facilities in war-affected localities $54,000,000, and (3) closing out or adaptation to war uses of the depression programs of the NYA, WPA, and CCC, $63,000,000. Table 40. — Federal funds authorized or expended for educational purposes, 1941—42 Nonemergency funds: U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency: Administration, research, and service by the office in Washington, D. C.1 _ $1, 006, 416 Total apportionment to the States and territories for voca¬ tional education and rehabilitation _ 55, 711, 247 Land-grant colleges _ 30, 913, 125 Instruction in agriculture and mechanic arts 2 _ 5, 030, 000 Agricultural extension service 3 _ 18, 956, 918 Agricultural experiment stations 4 _ 6, 926, 207 Vocational education at secondary level 25 _ 21, 768, 122 Training of teachers _ 2, 168, 756 Agricultural education _ 7, 125, 653 Trade and industrial education 6 _ 7, 170, 888 Home economics education _ 4, 048, 825 Distributive occupations _ 1, 254, 000 Vocational rehabilitation 2 _ 3, 030, 000 Federal schools for Indians and natives of Alaska 7 _ 10, 274, 440 Federal oil and mineral royalties 8 _ 2, 562, 985 National forest funds 9 _ 1, 670, 044 National grazing funds 10 _ 449, 290 United States Military Academy 11 _ 3, 578, 198 United States Naval Academy 11 _ 2, 493, 661 State marine schools 12 _ 190, 000 Public schools in Panama Canal Zone _ 1, 796, 559 Howard University _ 760, 756 National Training School for Boys _ 344, 320 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 142, 360 Public schools of the District of Columbia _ 1, 463, 453 Emergency funds: U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency: Administration of defense training 13 _ 1, 357, 962 College and high-school student aid (National Youth Admin¬ istration) _ 16, 180, 392 Education program (Work Projects Administration) - __ 18, 785, 939 School building (Work Projects Administration) - 25, 846, 520 See footnotes at end of table. / STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 Table 40. — Federal funds authorized dr expended for educational purposes, 1941-42 — Continued Emergency funds — Continued. Vocational defense training (secondary schools) _ 99, 704, 280 Defense training (college grade) _ 15, 878, 189 Assistance for war-affected localities (construction and mainte¬ nance and operation) _ 54, 294, 597 Education of Civilian Conservation Corps enrollees _ 1, 803, 000 1 Funds available for regular activities; does not include administration of defense training. * Administered by U. S. Office of Education. 3 Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture. * Administered by U. S. Department of Agriculture. Includes cost of administration, research, and service of the staff in Washington, D. C., and of the printing of official experiment station documents. 5 The amount indicated is the maximum amount authorized for apportionment to the several States and Territories. 8 A certain part of this sum may be used for home economics education. 7 Expenditures compiled by Office of Indian Affairs. 8 This amount represents 37.5 percent of receipts from the Mineral Leasing Act, which is paid to the various States receiving such funds for roads or schools. 8 Twenty-five percent of the current national forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States for public roads and schools of the counties in which the forests are situated. 10 Taylor Grazing Act of June 28, 1934. 11 The pay of cadets at the Military Academy is included, but the pay of midshipmen at the Naval Academy is not included. I* To reimburse the States of California, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania for expenses in¬ curred in maintenance and support of their marine schools, $25,000 each; in addition, the use of $90,000 was authorized for the maintenance and repair of ships loaned to the schools by the U. S. Navy. 13 Includes $150,962 of transferred funds. Value of Property and Endowments of Educational Institutions Current data were gathered and tabulated in 1941-42 for property values for the public elementary and secondary school systems show¬ ing a total value of $8,594,303,256 made up of $7,801,417,262 land, buildings, and equipment, and $792,885,994 permanent school funds, State debts to permanent school funds, and estimated value of unsold school lands. The latest data for property values for other educa¬ tional institutions are for 1939-40. Federally Aided Vocational Education Among major functions of the U. S. Office of Education is the ad¬ ministration of the appropriations for Federal aid to vocational edu¬ cation. For every dollar of Federal money put in the program in 1941-42 the State and local school systems put in $1.84. The program consisting of evening, part-time, and all-day classes in agriculture, trade and industry, and home economics, and evening and part-time classes only in distributive education, enrolled a total of over 2,600,000 students in classes operated under the State plans in 1941-42 (tables 41 and 42), about 300,000 more than in 1939-40. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 There was in 1941-42 in addition to the regular vocational educa¬ tion program a war production training program hi which 2,383,453 persons were trained for jobs in war industries. Table 41. — Enrollment in vocational schools or classes operated under State plans, year ended June 30, 1942 Type of school Total Agricul¬ ture Trade and industry Home eco¬ nomics Distributive education Total _ _ 2, 629, 737 610, 050 850, 597 954, 041 215, 049 Evening _ _ _ _ _ 802, 609 622, 314 1, 204, 814 219, 533 49, 977 340, 540 85, 207 467, 939 297, 451 295, 724 91, 494 566, 823 202, 145 12, 904 Part-time _ _ All-day . . . . . Table 42. — Expenditure of Federal, State, and local money under State plans for vocational education, 1930-31 to 1941—42 Year Expenditure 1 Year Expenditure 1 Total From Federal funds From State and local funds Total From Federal funds From State and local funds 1930- 31 _ 1931- 32 _ 1932- 33 _ 1933- 34. __ . 1934- 35 _ 1935- 36 _ $32, 143, 192 33, 402, 403 30, 126, 888 28, 188, 417 29, 289, 923 33, 427, 834 $7,978,729 8, 414, 834 7, 728, 245 6, 950, 945 9, 371, 980 9, 748, 925 $24, 164, 463 24. 987, 569 22, 398, 643 21,237, 472 19, 917, 943 23, 678, 909 1936- 37 _ 1937- 38 _ 1938- 39 _ 1939- 40 _ 1940- 41 _ 1941- 42 _ $36, 399, 285 44, 994, 537 52, 668, 491 55, 081, 312 57, 705, 117 59, 022, 743 $10,013,669 17,737,118 19,434,554 20,004,232 20,546,607 20,757,509 $26, 385, 616 27, 257,419 33, 233, 937 35, 077, 080 37, 158, 510 38, 265, 234 i For agriculture, trade and industry, home economics, teacher- training, and distributive education. Libraries Statistics on libraries are collected in four separate studies in order to give sufficient detail to be useful for different types of libraries. There are about 38,000 libraries in the United States, distributed as follows : 6,500 public libraries, 28,000 or more centralized school libraries, 1,600 university and college libraries, 250 State and Federal libraries, and 1,500 special libraries. The latest data for public libraries are for 1938-39, for college libraries 1939-40, and for school libraries 1941-42. Recent data on State, Federal, and special libraries are not available from any governmental source. Public Libraries In 1938-39 public library service was available to approximately two-thirds of the total population and one-fifth of the total population were registered borrowers (table 43). STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 Table 43. — Public library statistics , 1938-39 Number of public libraries on mailing list _ 6, 880 Number reporting _ 5, 798 Population of area served by reporting libraries _ 79, 095, 716 Number of registered borrowers _ 24, 084, 916 Book stock (5,668 libraries) _ 104, 728, 725 Circulation of reporting libraries: Adult _ 251,727,397 Juvenile _ 138, 087, 203 Undesignated _ 26, 109, 735 Personnel in libraries: Professional and subprofessional : % Full-time _ 15, 680 Part-time _ 4, 960 Clerical: Full-time _ 3, 475 Part-time _ 4,948 Expenditures (5,452 libraries) : Operating _ $48, 832, 043 Capital outlay _ $2, 699, 398 Percent of public libraries reporting _ 84. 3 Percent of total U. S. population served by reporting libraries _ 60. 4 Percent of population in area served reported as registered bor¬ rowers _ 30. 5 Percent of circulation reported as: Adult _ 60. 5 Juvenile _ 33. 2 Undesignated _ 6. 3 Book stock per capita of population in area served _ 1. 3 Operating expenditures per capita of population in area served _ $0. 62 Libraries of Institutions of Higher Education More than 1,300, about 78 percent, of the institutions of higher education reported data for the college libraries in 1939-40. They had approximately 72,000,000 books, having added more than 3,000,000 during the year. They employed 4,700 professional librarians and 6,700 persons on the total staff (table 44). 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Table 44. — College and university library statistics , 1939-40 Item Total Colleges and uni¬ versities Profes¬ sional and tech¬ nological schools Teachers colleges Normal schools Junior colleges Number of institutions of higher edu- cation listed in Educational Direc- tory, 1940 _ _ ' - 1,699 734 263 181 62 459 N umber reporting . — . 1,321 629 152 149 40 351 Percent reporting _ 77.8 85.7 57.8 82.3 64.5 76.5 Book stock: Number added during year _ .. 3, 194, 578 2, 549, 131 152, 937 270,122 24, 544 197,844 Number at end of year. _ _ 71,666,801 59, 382, 014 4, 566, 676 4, 579, 323 394, 514 2, 744, 274 Circulation: Home use _ _ __ - 26, 441,007 17, 252, 545 1, 141, 552 4, 417, 807 494, 444 3, 134, 659 Reserved books _ _ _ . 36, 591,088 27, 893, 976 523, 613 5, 749, 291 285, 222 2, 138, 986 Interlibrary loans: Borrowed.. _ — _ _ _ 89, 880 65, 475 3, 883 9, 822 1,920 8, 780 Lent. . . . . 65, 896 61, 219 2,509 948 126 1,094 Library staff. — . . . . 6,761 5,244 408 525 49 535 Professional.. _ _ 4, 717 3,545 287 430 40 415 Subprofessional _ _ _ 591 488 31 35 37 Clerical and others . . . 1,453 1,211 90 60 9 83 Student enrollment . . 1,215, 175 907, 332 68, 173 122, 489 8,860 108. 321 Undergraduate _ _ _ 1,111,058 809, 267 64,353 120, 257 8,860 108, 321 Graduate.. . .. _ 104, 117 98, 065 3, 820 2,232 Operating receipts . . . . $19, 056, 240 $15, 402, 776 $866, 215 $1,611,436 $113, 760 $1,062, 053 Institutional allocation _ 15, 975, 434 12, 790, 038 701, 778 1, 460, 956 110, 465 912, 197 Income from endowments and gifts _ . . - - 1, 644, 702 1, 396, 008 131, 620 49, 182 1,141 66, 751 Library fees _ _ 835, 499 695, 577 10, 358 81,641 733 47, 190 Other income. ... __ . 600, 605 521, 153 22, 459 19, 657 1,421 35, 915 Operating expenditures. _ _ 17, 976, 231 14, 572, 765 791,814 1, 552, 083 110, 854 948, 715 Library staff _ _ 9, 383, 706 7, 507, 537 469, 316 829. 088 65, 018 512, 747 Student wages _ _ _ 1,251,721 1, 020, 268 25, 637 142, 271 5, 213 58, 332 Books, periodicals, bindings and rebindings _ . 6, 530, 895 5, 356, 950 259, 989 536, 497 37, 351 340, 108 Other, excluding building mainte¬ nance.— .- . . . 809, 909 688, 010 36, 872 44, 227 3,272 37, 528 Capital outlay _ _ _ 4, 270, 470 2, 469, 975 20, 827 1 1,344,779 1 2,283 432, 606 Public-School Libraries Approximately three out of every four superintendents of schools reported data for their school libraries in 1941-42 and these reports covered the library situation in more than half of the public elementary and secondary schools and the library service or lack of it for almost 70 percent of all public elementary and secondary school pupils (table 45). Of the 17,000,000 pupils covered, about 96 percent had some form of school library service. Of the 74,796 schools for which the type of library service was reported, a little less than two-thirds (59 percent) had classroom collections, a little more than one-fourth (27 percent) had centralized libraries, and one-tenth had loan collections only. The median centralized library had 1,239 volumes, had added 106 volumes during the year, and had 4% books per pupil. Income and expenditures for library service were reported by about half (57 percent) of the school systems reporting. The income and STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 41 expenditures in these systems for all library purposes per pupil who received library service of any type were approximately $1.35, of which the expenditure for reading materials (books, pamphlets, and periodicals) was approximately 50 cents per pupil having library service. If the 194,149 pupils in these school systems in schools without library service of any kind are included, the expenditure for reading material for all pupils is only 48.8 cents per pupil Table 45. — Public-school libraries , 1941-42 School systems: Number on mailing list _ 8, 203 Usable reports received _ 6, 077 Percent replying _ _ 74.1 Schools in systems: Number in all systems _ 208, 235 Number covered by usable reports 1 _ 111, 503 Percent covered _ 55. 5 Number reporting some form of library service _ 102, 502 Percent served _ 91. 9 Number reporting no library service _ 9, 001 Percent not served _ 8. 1 Enrollment: Number enrolled in all systems _ 24, 562, 473 Number covered by usable reports _ 17, 056, 008 Percent covered _ 69. 4 Number reported receiving some form of library service _ 16, 351, 365 Percent served _ 95. 9 Number reported receiving no library service _ 704, 643 Percent not served _ 4. 1 Type of library service: Percent of schools served by: Centralized libraries _ 27. 1 Classroom collections only _ 59. 3 Loan collections only _ 10. 0 No library facilities _ 3. 6 Centralized libraries : Number of volumes _ 38, 292, 644 Average number of volumes per library _ 1, 893 Median number of volumes per library _ 1, 247 Average number of volumes per pupil _ 4. 5 Number of volumes per library added during year _ 2, 167, 328 Average number of volumes added per library _ 107 Total income and expenditures for libraries: Number of systems reporting _ 3, 471 Enrollment in systems reporting _ 9. 308, 628 Total income _ $12, 564, 963 Average income per system _ 3, 620 Average income per pupil enrolled _ 1. 35 1 Includes 4,068 combined elementary and high schools counted as one school which, for computing percent of the 208,235 schools covered have been counted as two schools, one elementary and one high. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Table 45. — Public-school libraries , 1941-42 — Continued Total income and expenditures for libraries — Continued. Total expenditures for libraries _ $12, 437, 964 Average expenditure per system _ 3, 583 Average expenditure per pupil enrolled _ 1. 34 Expenditures for books, pamphlets, and periodicals only _ 4, 640, 888 Average expenditures per pupil enrolled for books, pamphlets, and periodicals _ 0. 50 Selected List of Publications of the U. S. Office of Education For additional detail concerning the topics summarized in this report, see the following publications: Are the One-Teacher Schools Passing? (Pamphlet No. 92.) Biennial Survey of Education in The United States, 1936-38. V. Statistics of Public High Schools, 1937-38. Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1938-40 and 1940-42: Volume II Chapter III. Statistics of State School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42. IV. Statistics of Higher Education, 1939-40 and 1941-42. V. Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1939-40. VI. College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40. VII. Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42. VIII. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1941-42. IX. Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940-41. ♦Digest of Annual Reports of State Boards for Vocational Education to the U. S. Office of Education, Vocational Division, Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1942. ♦Expenditures Per Pupil in City Schools, 194J-42, Circular No. 219. Federal Government Funds for Education, 1940-41 and 1941-42 (Leaflet No. 70). Public Library Statistics, 1938-39. (Bulletin 1942, No. 4.) ♦Survival Rates of Pupils (Circular No. 193) and Education for Victory Vol. 2, No. 5, Sept. 1, 1943, pp. 13-14. These publications can be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Those marked with an asterisk are obtainable from the U. S. Office of Education, Washington, D. C. o BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 and 194042* STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1939-40 and 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER III Federal Security Agency U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION *Because of the war, the statistics for 1939-40 were delayed in printing until after data were available for 1941-42. Therefore, to save paper and printing funds, the data for 1941-42 have been combined in this chapter with those for 1939-40. There will be no separate Biennial Survey of Education, 1940-42. BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 and 1940-42 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1939-40 and 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER III By DAVID T. BLOSE Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics and HENRY F. ALVES Principal Educationist in State School Administration FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY— Paul Y. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION — John W. Studebaker, Commissioner The statistical work in this bulletin was done by David T. Blose, Associate Specialist, and Rose Marie Smith, Senior Statistical Clerk, under the direction of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics. The editing for the consolida* lion and combination of the data for the two bienniums into one chapter was done by Ellen Winston, Consultant, Research and Statistics. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1944 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., Price 20 cents Contents Text Page Introduction _ 1 State and local boards of education _ _ _ 2 Personnel in State and local offices of education _ 2 State offices of education _ 2 Local offices of education _ 3 Pupils _ 4 Elementary school enrollment _ 7 High-school enrollment _ 9 High-school graduates _ 12 Ratio of enrollment to population _ 12 School attendance _ 13 Average annual salaries of instrumental staff members _ 14 School term _ 17 Teachers and other instructional staff _ 18 Pupil-teacher ratios _ 19 Transportation of pupils _ 21 Public-school finance _ 21 Receipts _ 21 Expenditures _ 25 School property _ 32 Retirement funds _ 33 Permanent school funds and endowments _ 33 Indebtedness _ 33 Schools for Negroes _ 34 Enrollment _ 35 Attendance _ 36 School term _ 36 Teachers and other instructional staff _ 36 Pupil-teacher ratios _ 37 Average annual salaries of instructional staff members _ 37 Schools in urban and rural areas _ 38 Enrollment _ 38 Attendance _ 4o School term _ 40 Instructional staff _ 41 Pupil-teacher ratios _ 41 Average annual salaries of instructional staff members _ 41 Expenditures per pupil _ 42 School property per pupil _ 42 Educational attainment of the population _ 43 Tables omitted in report _ 43 Text Tables I. Total enrollment in public day schools and percent change for specified years, by State _ 5 II. Enrollment in elementary grades in public day schools and percent change, for specified years, by State _ 8 III. Enrollment by grade in public day schools and percent change, for specified years _ 9 III IV CONTENTS Page IV. Enrollment in public high schools, by sex, for specified years _ 10 V. Average daily attendance in public day schools as percent of enroll¬ ment for specified years _ 13 VI. Salaries of instructional staff in public day schools for specified years, by State _ 16 VII. Length of school term, 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1941-42 _ 17 VIII. Number of days attended per pupil enrolled, 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1941-42 _ 18 IX. Average daily attendance in public day schools and number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher, for specified years, by State. 20 X. Revenue receipts of State school systems for specified years, by source. 22 XI. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources for specified years, by State _ 24 XII. Revenue receipts of State school systems for specified years, by type. 25 XIII. Total expenditures excluding debt retirement of State school systems for specified years, by purpose _ 26 XIV. Current expense (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for specified years, by purpose _ 26 XV. Current expense (excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for specified years, by State _ 28 XVI. Percent increase or decrease in current expense (excluding interest) for specified years, by State _ 29 XVII. One-room buildings as a percent of all buildings in use, for specified years _ 33 XVIII. School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for specified years, by State _ 34 XIX. White and Negro school population and enrollment in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years _ 35 XX. Average number of days attended by white and Negro pupils in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years. . 36 XXI. Enrollment of white and Negro pupils per member of instructional staff in ^southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years 37 XXII. Comparison of urban and rural public day schools, 1939-40 _ 39 XXIII. Number of days attended per pupil enrolled in urban and rural areas, 1939-40 _ _• _ 40 XXIV. Length of school term in urban and rural areas, 1939-40 _ _ _ 41 XXV. Average annual salary of instructional staff members of urban and rural areas, 1939-40 _ 42 XXVI. Cost per pupil in average daily attendance in urban and rural areas, 1939-40 _ 42 Detail Tables 1. Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1870-1942 45 2. Boards of education and administrative staff of intermediate and local basic units, by State, 1941-42 _ 48 3. Basic administrative units, by level of instruction offered, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 50 4. Personnel in State offices of education, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42. (Regular and vocational) _ 52 5. Instructional staff and percent of male teachers in public day schools, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 54 6. Health, attendance, transportation, and custodial employees in public day schools, by State, 1941-42 _ 56 CONTENTS V Page 7. Personnel in public summer, night, part-time, and continuation schools, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 58 8. Enrollment by grade in public day schools for specified years _ 59 9. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by State, 1871-1942 60 10. Original entries, by age, by State, 1941-42 _ 62 11. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 63 12. Enrollment by grade in public day schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 66 13. Enrollment by grade in public day schools, by State, 1941-42 _ 68 14. Number, sex, and age of high-school graduates, 1941-42 and number of high school graduates, 1939-40, by State _ 70 15. Ratio of enrollment in public day schools to school population, by State, 1930-1942 _ 72 16. Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by State, 1871-1942 _ 73 17. Number of buildings and schools and transportation data, by State, 1941-42 _ 76 18. Revenue and nonrevenue receipts, by State, 1939-40 _ 78 19. Balance on hand from school year 1940-41 and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands, by State, 1941-42 _ 80 20. Income from taxation and appropriation and from miscellaneous revenue sources, by State, 1941-42 _ 82 21. Total revenue receipts, by State, 1941-42 _ 83 22. Nonrevenue receipts and total of all receipts, by State, 1941-42 _ 86 23. Expense of public schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 88 24. Current expense for general control and instruction, by State, 1941-42 _ 90 25. Current expense for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary services, by State, 1941-42 _ 92 26. Current expense for fixed charges, total current expense, and capital outlay, by State, 1941-42 _ 94 27. Summary of expenditures and outstanding indebtedness in public schools, by State, 1941-42 _ 96 28. Per capita cost of education, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 98 29. Value of public property used for school purposes, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 100 30. Permanent school funds and unsold school lands by State, 1939-40 _ 102 31. Receipts and expenditures of State departments and boards of education, by State, 1941-42 _ 104 32. Receipts and expenditures for intermediate unit control in public schools, by State, 1941-42 _ 106 33. Personnel and financial data for public schools, by educational level, by State, 1941-42 _ 107 34. Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1920-1942 _ 109 35. White and Negro school population, July 1, 1940, and enrollment and in¬ structional staff in public day schools in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1941-42 . 110 36. Length of school term, school attendance, and average annual salaries of white and Negro instructional staff in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1941-42 . 111 37. Enrollment of Negro pupils by grade in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1941-42 . 112 VI CONTENTS Page 38. Enrollment by grade of white and Negro pupils in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1920-42 _ 113 39. Number, sex, and age of Negro high-school graduates, 1941-42, and number of Negro high-school graduates, 1939-40, in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia _ 114 40. Instructional staff, 1941-42, and attendance in 1939-40 and 1941-42 in Negro public day schools in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia _ 115 41. Expenditures for Negro public day schools in 16 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1941-42 _ 116 42. Current expense, capital outlay, and debt service in Negro public day schools in 11 southern States, 1941-42 _ 117 43. Administrative units providing indicated type of auxiliary service at public expense, by State, 1939-40 _ 118 44. School population, April 1, 1940, and enrollment in public day schools by sex, in urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40 _ 120 45. Enrollment of urban pupils in public day schools, by grade, by State, 1939-40 _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 46. Enrollment of rural pupils in public day schools, by grade, by State, 1939-40 124 47. Attendance data, average length of school term, number of instructional staff, and pupil-teacher ratio in urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40. 126 48. Number of public-school buildings and value of school property in urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40 _ 128 49. Salaries, current expenditures, interest, and capital outlay in public day schools in urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40 _ 129 50. Per pupil costs and indebtedness in public day schools in urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40 _ 131 51. Percent distribution of persons 25 years and over by years of school com¬ pleted, by State, 1940 _ _ _ 132 52. Teachers employed in private and parochial schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 134 53. Pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 135 54. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, by State, 1939-40 _ 137 Figures 1. Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, 1918-20 to 1940-42 _ 6 2. Percent of total enrollment in high school, by State, last 4 years of system, 1939-40 _ 11 3. Average annual salary of instructional staff, by State, 1939-40 _ 15 4. Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by State, 1939-40 _ _ _ 23 5. Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense, capital outlay, and interest, 1939-40 _ 27 6. Expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense (including interest), by State, 1939-40 _ 31 7. Comparison of urban and rural schools on 6 items, 1939-40 - 43 STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1939-40 and 1941-42 THIS CHAPTER presents data on public elementary and sec¬ ondary schools in the 48 States and the District of Columbia and limited materials for the outlying parts of the United States for the school years 1939-40 and 1941-42, together with compari¬ sons extending over the 70-year period of State school statistics (table 1). A more detailed summary of the data for Negro schools in those States maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils is presented than in earlier reports in this bien¬ nial series in order ‘to meet the increasing interest in such mate¬ rials. Statistics on schools in urban and rural areas separately are also shown to the extent to which they are available. For com¬ parative purposes, data from the United States Bureau of the Census on school attainment in 1940 have been included. In general, total figures for continental United States are given. For that reason statistics for the District of Columbia are included in the tables. Comparisons between the District of Columbia and individual States should not be made, however, as the school sys¬ tem of the District of Columbia corresponds to the systems in large cities rather than to State systems. Over a period of several years emphasis has been placed upon the development of uniform terminology in the recording and reporting of school data.1 As a result, the comparability of the data from State to State has been increasingly insured and the presentation of the data facilitated. Statistics in this chapter were reported by State departments of education to the U. S. Office of Education. The State reports were based upon data submitted by approximately 117,000 local school units in 1939-40 and 115,384 in 1941-42. Hence, the com¬ bined report represents the cooperative efforts of a great number of individuals and educational units. Together with data from the United States Bureau of the Census for 1940, this report makes available perhaps the most comprehensive summary of statistics on American elementary UJ. S. Office of Education, Statistics for Public-School Systems , Statistical Cir¬ cular No. 10, Revised March 1938, and Financial Accounting for Public Schools, Circular No. 204. 2 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 and secondary education ever presented.2 At the same time it provides basic materials for the formulation of educational poli¬ cies and procedures in connection with the current war situation and post-war planning. State and Local Boards of Education There are 39 States which have State boards of education with jurisdiction over public elementary and secondary schools (table 2). 3 The authority of these boards ranges from that of serving in an advisory capacity to that of formulating policies and exer¬ cising administrative responsibilities. In a few cases the State boards of education are assisted by professional staff members and clerical assistants. Intermediate units for public-school administration include counties, townships, and supervisory unions4 set up between the State and local basic units. As in the case of the State boards of education, there is wide variation in their responsibilities, al¬ though the primary purpose is to create units large enough to provide certain administrative and supervisory services to the smaller units composing them. Such intermediate units had o,716 board members in 1939-40 and 5,291 members in 1941-42 (table 2). At the local level there were approximately 117,000 in 1939-40, and 115,384 in 1941-42, administrative units directly responsible for the functioning of the public schools in the 48 States and the District of Columbia (table 3). Each of these local basic admin¬ istrative units usually has a board of from three to seven members vested with administrative and supervisory authority and with responsibility for policymaking. In 1941-42 there were approxi¬ mately 360,000 members of local boards of education together with more than 1,000 members of other administrative boards and about 33,000 local school trustees (table 2). These board members and school trustees, approximately 400,000 persons, hold their positions as a result of statutory provisions for the administration of school systems. Persons serving in an advisory capacity with¬ out legal status are not included. Personnel in State and Local Offices of Education State Offices of Education The actual administration of State school systems is carried out by the personnel in State and local offices of education. State offices of education reported 1,885 professional staff members for 1941-42 (table 4). They included the superintendents or com¬ missioners of education, deputy and assistant superintendents or commissioners, directors of divisions and chiefs of organized serv¬ ices, and supervisory personnel of the 48 States and the District of Columbia. The continued expansion of services provided by State offices of education is indicated by the increase in personnel 2 For tables not published, see page 43. 3 Roman numerals indicate text tables; arable numerals, detail tables (page 45). 4 Supervisory unions are found only in the New England States. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 from 1,482 professional staff members in 1937-38 to 1,611 in 1939-40, and 1,885 in 1941-42. Local Offices of Education The personnel considered here is that in the offices of education in intermediate and local basic administrative units. Personnel data were obtained for local basic administrative units under the following major classifications: (1) entire county (or parish); (2) county, except independent units; and (3) other units. These data are presented in the tabulation in this report under “local basic units” (table 2) . The personnel of intermediate administrative units included 2,714 superintendents and 1,272 professional assistants in 1941-42 (table 2). Information on file shows that for the year ending June 30, 1940, the administrative staffs in these intermediate units included 2,813 superintendents and 1,345 professional as¬ sistants, and in local basic administrative units — including county offices of education in Florida, Louisiana, etc., where the county is the local unit — and offices of other local basic administrative units (school districts, towns, cities, etc.) included 10,361 super¬ intendents of schools and 1,387 professional assistants. There was a marked increase in professional personnel of local school administrative staffs since 1937-38.5 This increase continued dur¬ ing the biennium 1940-42 with 12,235 superintendents and 2,412 professional assistants reported for 1941-42 (table 2). Responsible to the Office of Education in these local basic ad¬ ministrative units was an instructional staff of 911,835 in 1939-40 and 898,001 in 1941-42 (table 5). These included supervisors of instruction, principals of elementary and secondary schools, and teachers and other instructional staff. A discussion of in¬ structional personnel is found in the section entitled “Instruc¬ tional personnel and related items” (page 18). A number of States obtained from their respective local units information for each of the survey years regarding personnel in¬ volved in local provisions for health and recreational activities, school-attendance services, transportation services, and custodial services. The data were not sufficiently complete to afford a basis for national totals but have been recorded for the States reporting (table 6). The instructional staffs for evening and adult, summer, and part-time and continuation schools consist to some extent of per¬ sons employed in full-time day schools. In 1939-40, 42,549 teach¬ ers and 2,049,839 pupils in evening, adult, part-time, and continua¬ tion schools were reported for continental United States, and in 1941-42, 41,070 teachers and 2,452,995 pupils (table 7). For this 2-year period, the number of teachers decreased nearly 1,400 while the number of pupils increased approximately 400,000. Data on teachers and pupils in summer schools were not con¬ sistently reported by States for the two reporting periods. They are recorded as reported by States (table 7). 6 U. S. Office of Education Biennial Survey of Education in the United States , Bulletin 1940, No. 2, Ch. II, pages 5-6. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 When considering total personnel — including members of State and local boards of education, the personnel in State and local offices of education, and the instructional staff — it is found that more than 1,325,000 persons are directly concerned with the oper¬ ation of the public schools of continental United States. Even more significant, perhaps, is the fact that 99.7 percent function at the local level. The development of American public education has been, and remains to a striking degree, the responsibility of the local community. Pupils Like all other segments of the population, however classified, pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary full-time day schools of continental United States6 reflect the effect of the war. This is in addition to the cumulative effect of long-time population trends which have been producing marked changes in public- school enrollments for a number of years. The decline in total number of pupils enrolled in elementary and secondary public day schools which began in 1935-36, after a peak was reached in 1933-34, 7 continued through 1941-42 (table 8), when the total enrollment was reported as 24,562,473 (table 9), a decrease of slightly less than 900,000 since 1939-40. The year 1941- 42 was the first year since 1927 when there were fewer than 25,000,000 pupils enrolled in the public schools. Estimates based on reports for approximately one-third of the school systems in¬ dicate that the downward trend was accelerated from 1941-42 to 1942- 43 when approximately 24,000,000 pupils were enrolled in elementary and secondary schools.8 The decrease in total enrollment for continental United States since 1939-40 was associated with widespread decreases among the States. These were due partially to earlier decreases in num¬ ber of births and partially to shifts in population as parents mi¬ grated with their children to war industrial centers. Thus, 43 States lost in public-school enrollments from 1939-40 to 1941-42. The decreases ranged from 0.05 percent in Florida to 16.6 percent in Oklahoma (table I). Unfortunately, the available data for 1942-43 are not on a State basis. 6 Exclusive of pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, in public and private residential schools for exceptional children, in observation and practice schools, and in preparatory departments of colleges and universities. The excluded groups constitute approximately 10 percent of all pupils attending full-time day schools. 7 See U. S. Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, Bulletin 1940, No. 2, Ch. II, p. 9. 8See U. S. Office of Education, Some Early Effects of the War Upon Public Schools, Circular No. 218, July 1943, p. 2. Due to delay in printing the chapter reference has been made here and in several other places to studies made in October 1942 and October 1943 to show the continuing trend through those years. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 Table I. — Total enrollment in public day schools and percent change 1 for specified years, by State State or District of Columbia Enrollment Pei cent increase or decrease from — 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1929-30 to 1939-40 1937-38 to 1939-40 1939-40 to 1941-42 Continental United States 25,678,015 25,975,108 25,433,542 24,562,473 — 1.0 — 2.1 — 3.4 Alabama _ _ 622,988 670,481 686,767 666,738 + 10.2 + 2.4 — 2.9 Arizona _ 103,806 110,056 110,205 116,430 + 6.2 + -1 + 5.6 Arkansas _ _ _ 456,185 465,272 465,339 441,106 + 2.0 (2 3) — 5.2 California _ 1,068,683 1,195,024 1,189,106 1,225,850 + 11.3 — .5 + 3.1 Colorado _ 240,482 227,237 221,409 214,022 — 7.9 — 2.6 - 3.3 Connecticut _ 319,453 295,516 281,032 266,808 —12.0 — 4.9 — 5.1 Delaware _ 42,360 44,992 44,046 42,505 + 4.0 — 2.1 — 3.5 Florida _ 346,434 383,935 369,214 369,036 + 6.6 — 3.8 (2) Georgia _ 713,290 730,894 737,979 713,094 + 3.5 + 1.0 — 3.4 Idaho _ 120,947 121,411 120,987 118,821 (2) — .3 — 1.8 Illinois _ 1,395,907 1,281,854 1,248,827 1,196,770 —10.5 -2 6 — 4.2 Indiana _ 667,379 689,657 671,364 669,148 + -6 -2 7 — .3 Iowa _ 554,655 519,150 503,481 490,934 — 9.2 — 3.0 — 2.5 Kansas _ 431,166 396,662 376,349 362,812 —12.7 — 5.1 — 3.6 Kentucky _ 588,354 618,318 604,064 575,107 + 2.7 — 2.3 — 4.8 Louisiana. _ 434,557 460,946 473,020 461,835 + 8.9 + 26 — 2.4 Maine _ 154,455 164,016 163,640 158,061 + 5.9 — .2 — 3.4 Maryland _ 277,459 293,686 287,225 286,974 + 3.5 — 2.2 — .1 Massachusetts _ 759,492 744,871 700,305 656,974 — 7.8 — 6.0 — 6.2 Michigan _ 970,582 959,827 970,188 914,205 — .1 + 11 — 5.8 Minnesota _ 551,741 530,792 512,224 497,026 — 7.2 — 3.5 — 3.0 Mississippi _ 595,449 590,208 594,799 593,428 — .1 + 8 — .2 Missouri _ 656,073 705,612 700,640 694,779 + 6.8 — .7 — .8 Montana _ 120,337 110,403 107,302 102,906 —10.8 — 2.8 — 4.1 Nebraska _ 325,216 289,916 276,188 257,194 —15.1 — 4.7 — 6.9 Nevada _ 18,041 20,352 20,746 23,993 + 15.0 + 1.9 +15.7 New Hampshire _ 74,240 76,390 75,697 72,515 + 2.0 — .9 — 4.2 New Jersey _ 792,012 746,383 716,527 678,628 — 9.5 - 4.0 — 5.3 New Mexico _ 102,084 129,877 132,589 131,347 +29.9 + 2.1 — .9 New York _ 2,141,479 2,308,456 2,227,870 2,126,193 + 4.0 3.5 — 4.6 North Carolina _ 886,939 881,874 886,484 871,765 + 2.3 + 5 — 1.7 North Dakota _ 169,277 146,511 140,126 133,203 -17.2 — 4.4 — 4.9 Ohio _ 1,277,636 1,251,005 1,213,978 1,164,160 — 5.0 — 3.0 — 4.1 Oklahoma _ 682,650 638,662 611,818 510,264 —10.4 — 4.2 —16.6 Oregon _ 202,595 193,861 188,876 189,466 — 6.8 — 2.6 + -3 Pennsylvania _ 1,937,433 1,944,988 31,851,780 1,734,842 — 4.4 — 4.8 — 6.3 Rhode Island _ 118,704 119,159 114,161 105,946 — 3.8 — 4 2 — 7.2 South Carolina _ 469,370 488,749 481,750 475,210 + 2.6 — 1.4 — 1.4 South Dakota _ 165,624 142,514 136,447 129,680 —17.6 -4 3 — 5.0 Tennessee _ 627,747 637,920 648,131 635,736 + 3.2 + 1.6 — 1.9 Texas _ 1,308,028 1,355,401 1,328,822 1,303,323 + 1.6 — 2.0 — 1.9 Utah _ 138,046 138,907 136,519 134,632 — 1.1 — 1.7 — 1.4 Vermont _ 65,976 67,931 64,911 60,511 — 1.6 — 4 4 — 6.8 Virginia _ 562,956 583,556 568,131 556,377 + -9 — 2.6 — 2.1 Washington. _ 344,731 339,977 331,409 343,121 — 3.9 — 2.5 + 3.5 West Virginia _ 395,505 443,789 452,821 443,337 +14.5 + 2.0 — 2.1 Wisconsin _ 564,022 560,468 535,880 493,430 — 5.0 — 4.4 — 7.9 Wyoming _ _ _ 54,505 56,970 56,199 55,711 + 3.1 — 1.4 — .9 District of Columbia. 80,965 100,672 96,170 96,520 +18.8 — 4.5 + .4 1 Lower enrollments are partially due to better statistical methods which exclude more duplicates each succeeding year. 2 Percent change of less than 0.05 percent. 3 State enrollment. This enrollment would be 1,901,740 if intra-State duplicates were included as in previous years. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 The 5 States which continued to report increases in total enroll¬ ment are in the far West. The percents of increase from 1939-40 to 1941-42, by States, are: Oregon, 0.3; California, 3.1; Washing¬ ton, 3.5; Arizona, 5.6; and Nevada 15.7. Figure 1. — Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, 1918-20 to 1940-42. The upward trend in the number of pupils enrolled in the ele¬ mentary and secondary public day schools9 continued through 1933-34. Previous biennial surveys show that this was followed by a decrease of 0.3 percent from 1933-34 to 1935-36, of 1.5 per¬ cent from 1935-36 to 1937-38, 10 of 2.1 percent from 1937-38 to 1939-40, and of 3.4 percent from 1939-40 to 1941-42. For the decade 1930-40 the decrease was 1 percent (table I) ; for the 6-year period from 1933-34 to 1939-40 it was 3.8 percent. Unpublished data in the U. S. Office of Education show that in 1941-42, 8 States reported more than 30 percent of the public- school pupils enrolled in secondary schools as compared with 9 States in 1939-40 (figure 2). ~ occ 115 ui e a. 10 U. S. Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, Bulletin 1940, No. 2, Ch. II, p. 9. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 The age of pupils enrolled in the public schools has become of increasing importance with the pressure to utilize the services of older boys and girls. In 1941-42, in 10 States and the District of Columbia, 0.11 percent of the boys and girls enrolled in the public schools were 20 years of age and over, while nearly 2 percent of the boys and girls enrolled were 18 and 19 years of age (table 10) . Equally as significant in terms of planning are the numbers 16 and 17 years of age11 which represent nearly one out of every eight pupils enrolled for the States reporting. Elementary School Enrollment The peak enrollment in elementary schools, namely, kindergarten and grades 1 through 8, for continental United States was reached in 1929-30 with a total of 21,278,593 pupils (table II). Since that year each successive biennium has shown a decrease in num¬ ber of pupils enrolled in public elementary schools. The decrease during the 12-year period ending June 30, 1942, amounted to 3,103,925 pupils, or 14.6 percent. When this decrease for the 12-year period is distributed by 2-year intervals, it is found that the decrease has become greater in absolute numbers and propor¬ tionately with each succeeding biennium except the last. Thus, the decrease for the bienniums ending June 30, 1932, 1934, 1936, 1938, 1940, and 1942, respectively, were 143,173; 370,383; 372,- 476; 644,387; 916,076; and 657,430. The percent of decrease for the decade ending 1940 was 11.5, and for the biennium ending 1942, 3.5. A major factor in this decline was the annual decrease in the birth rate from a peak in 1924 to a low in 1936. u Pu iil age is in terms of age as of last birthday on or prior to September 1. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table II. — Enrollment in elementary grades in public day schools and percent change for specified years, by State State or District of Columbia Enrollment Percentage Change 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1929-30 to 1939-40 1939-40 to 1941-42 Continental United States. . 21,278,593 19,748,174 18,832,098 18,174,668 — 11.5 — 3.5 Alabama - - 561,934 583,203 586,477 564,979 -F 4.4 — 3.' Arizona.. _ _ _ 88,547 89,708 87,960 92,780 — .7 + 54 Arkansas _ 409,905 399,764 392,485 368,717 — 4 2 — 6 California _ 836,701 852,481 827,560 866,169 — 1.1 + 4.' Colorado _ 197,265 172,775 163,457 159,090 —17.1 - 2.1 260,103 214,545 195,893 32,040 187,610 31,177 — 24 .7 _ A ‘ Delaware _ 35,351 33,339 — 9 A — 24 Florida. _ 301,227 311,625 291,860 287,454 — 3.1 — 14 Georgia _ - 632,589 619,315 611,787 584,026 — 3.3 — 44 Idaho - 93,775 88,513 86,739 85,092 — 7.5 — 14 Illinois _ 1,094,788 934,472 873,124 845,677 —20.2 — 34 Indiana _ 523,378 503,397 474,211 475,478 — 9.4 + 4 Iowa _ 437,426 382,586 364,071 357,049 —16.8 — 1 4 Kansas _ _ 339,556 289,343 264,348 257,176 —22.1 — 24 Kentucky _ 525,884 526,807 506,691 478,750 — 3.6 — 54 Louisiana _ 376,714 374,203 373,605 359,802 — .8 — 34 Maine _ 124,450 126,255 123,601 119,973 — .7 — 24 Maryland _ _ . 235,163 232.423 219,373 217,408 - 6.7 _ c Massachusetts _ 594,084 516,940 481,413 454,001 —19.0 — 54 Michigan _ 808,787 723,757 683,130 673,727 —15.5 — 14 Minnesota _ 453,128 390,944 364,966 353,794 —19.5 — 34 Mississippi _ 543,161 522,309 521,449 521,615 - 4.0 + f1) Missouri _ 524,023 544,971 524,799 524,808 + 1 + 0) Montana _ 95,550 78,423 75,327 72,871 —21 .2 — 34 Nebraska _ 256,230 208,635 15,066 194,903 14,914 177,819 17,838 _ 23 .9 _ c < Nevada - - 14,279 + 4.4 — o . c +194 New Hampshire - 60,082 56,072 54,025 51,769 —10.1 — 44 New Jersey _ 672,083 544,093 503,022 472,937 —25.2 — 64 New Mexico _ 89,497 109,307 109,257 107,262 +22.1 — 1 4 New York _ 1,716,645 1,593,852 1,515,381 1,433,026 —11.7 — 5 .4 North Carolina _ 750,002 700,672 684,169 666,318 — 8.8 — 24 North Dakota _ Ohio _ 139,580 1,011,915 112,472 907,023 105,734 841,904 100,654 813,788 —24.2 —16.8 — 44 — 34 Oklahoma _ 578,491 505,383 472,227 383,116 —18.4 —184 Oregon _ 154,908 133,374 127’, 876 131,911 —17.5 + 34 Pennsylvania _ 1,639,041 1,448,484 1,305,829 1,210,174 —20.3 — 7.2 Rhode Island _ 101,318 90,895 83,640 76,208 —17.4 — 84 South Carolina - 416,483 412,587 394,950 388,805 — 5.2 — 1 4 South Dakota _ Tennessee _ 134,286 558,056 104,785 540,274 98,441 540,048 94,244 526,030 —26.7 — 3.2 i — _ 256,146 243,022 28.0 29 .8 27.8 26.6 24.0 Delaware - 39,243 37,207 25.5 25 .1 24.0 24.1 23.1 Florida — - 326,722 322,916 25.3 27 .9 24.3 24.8 24.3 Georgia _ 583,931 580,476 28.2 29 .4 25.5 25.6 26.4 Idaho - 105,985 100,187 21.9 24 .0 24.7 23.5 22.2 Illinois. _ _ 1,092,811 1,036,127 25.2 26 .0 24.9 23.8 23.2 590,170 570,524 27.3 32 .3 29.3 27.5 26.6 436,692 419,796 18.9 19 .8 18.5 19.5 18.8 Kansas - - 330,941 318,912 19.1 21 .5 19.9 19.6 19.3 Kentucky _ 493,210 467,617 28.2 28 .4 27.5 26.2 26.2 Louisiana - - - 398,104 387,957 28.7 30 .5 27.6 26.8 26.0 Maine. . _ - 148,613 140,762 22.3 24 .5 23.9 24.1 23.1 Maryland.. - - 257,054 253,685 27.8 30 .7 30.0 29.8 29.2 Massachusetts - 629,550 576,900 25.8 26 .0 26.6 25.4 23.9 Michigan - 861,634 862,956 25.0 28 .3 27.5 26.3 26.6 Minnesota - 454,156 430,971 20.6 23 .2 21.7 21.5 21.1 Mississippi - 474,020 480,525 28.8 33 .1 29.2 32.1 29.7 Missouri - - 599,354 562,289 23.8 25 .3 23.6 22.7 22.8 Montana - - 98,360 90,407 17.5 18 .7 18.0 18.9 17.5 Nebraska - 242,603 221,515 17.6 20 .1 18.2 17.6 16.5 Nevada _ -- - - 17,817 18.329 18.9 19 .2 20.1 20.1 21.0 New Hampshire — - 67,397 63,769 22.3 24 .0 23.5 22.9 21.9 New Jersey - 634,673 595,400 26.1 27 .0 24.5 23.5 22.4 New Mexico - - 106,331 101,042 22.4 27 .7 27.2 28.0 27.0 New York _ 1,919,684 1,784,496 24.9 25 .7 23.3 23.8 23.4 North Carolina - 790,003 779,850 28.8 33 .7 32.5 32.2 31.2 North Dakota - 125,086 118,429 17.7 16 .6 15.3 17.2 15.6 Ohio _ — 1,121,762 1,065,835 27.5 29 .4 27.3 25.7 26.4 Oklahoma _ 485,290 436,448 23.7 26 .5 24.5 24.0 24.8 Oregon _ 166,214 162,336 25.0 22 .1 23.8 22.8 22.4 Pennsylvania .. - 1,668,001 1,538,596 28.8 31 .0 28.6 27.4 26.5 Rhode Island _ _ 99,825 90,635 26.3 27 .3 26.2 26.4. 22.9 South Carolina . . _ 384,995 385,709 26.0 29 .2 27.3 25.6 25.2 South Dakota - 120,184 111,964 15.5 16 .0 13 4 15.3 14.6 Tennessee _ 536,717 525,263 27.2 27 .3 25.6 26.6 25.9 Texas _ 1,116,263 1,055,613 30.1 25 .7 24.7 24.7 23.1 Utah _ 123,846 121,353 27.1 31 .7 28.2 28.0 27.4 Vermont _ 56,414 53,475 20.5 21 .1 23 5 21.3 20.2 Virginia _ — - 494,023 481,831 27.5 29 .7 29.2 27.9 27.8 Washington _ 274,565 266,929 25.0 27 .6 27.5 25.9 25.9 West Virginia _ 411,627 395,065 22 1 27 .9 26.8 28.9 25.3 Wisconsin _ 487,490 465,350 23.4 25 .3 23.6 23.7 23.1 Wyoming _ _ _ 47,234 44,475 16.0 18 .2 17.2 18.5 16.8 District of Columbia _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ 82,814 82,021 25.1 27 .4 27.8 27.1 26.1 2,081,083 272,619 27.2 5,254 5,518 4,480 87,697 1,723,004 255,130 5,526 6,177 _ 18.5 Canal Zone _ 24.6 Guam _ Hawaii Philippine Islands _ _ Puerto Rico _ _ _ 257,776 3,140 40.3 27.8 Virgin Islands _ _ 1 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 Wide differences continue to exist from State to State, however, in this item. In 1939-40 the pupil-teacher ratio ranged from 15.3 in South Dakota to 32.2 in North Carolina. The range in 1941-42 was from 14.6 in South Dakota to 31.2 in North Carolina. Transportation of Pupils Transportation of pupils has become an important item in pub¬ lic-school administration with nearly one out of every five pupils enrolled now transported to school at public expense (table 17). The States vary widely in the extent to which children are trans¬ ported as a result both of local school unit organization and of degree of urbanization. The percent of the number of pupils enrolled who were transported in 1941-42 ranged from 2.5 percent in Rhode Island to about 38 percent in North Carolina. While the consolidation of schools and of school districts, involving reductions in the number of one-room and other small schools, is a major factor necessitating transportation of school children, a State with a large proportion of its population living in rural areas may have high percentages both of one-room schools and of children transported to school, e.g., Arkansas, Maine, West Vir¬ ginia, and Wyoming. More than 4,500,000 pupils were transported in 1942 in approxi¬ mately 90,000 busses and other vehicles at a cost (excluding capital outlay) of nearly 93 million dollars. In a number of States, trans¬ portation costs had become major current expense items. Thus, this item accounted for 10 percent or more of current expense in Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming, and for more than 5 percent in 32 States. The average cost per pupil transported in continental United States in 1941-42 was $20.64 with this cost ranging in States from slightly more than $7 to almost $51. Information available in the files shows that while the number of pupils transported increased from 837,361 in 1923- 24 to 4,503,081 in 1941-42, the average annual cost per pupil decreased from about $35 to the present figure of $20.64. It is logical to expect that the transportation of school children will continue to increase in volume as schools and school districts are reorganized into larger units. It seems logical to expect, too, that more carefully developed plans for providing pupil transportation should result in a further reduction in the average annual cost per pupil transported. Public-School Finance With public-school property valued at almost 8 billion dollars,' and with annual expenditures of 2 to 2x/2 billion dollars, finance is a major consideration in the analysis of data on State school systems. Receipts The annual revenue receipts of State school systems consist of appropriations from general funds, receipts from taxes levied for 22 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 school purposes, income from permanent school funds, receipts from leases of school lands, Federal aid, and receipts from miscel¬ laneous sources (tables 18 to 21). The total receipts for public elementary and secondary schools in continental United States from these sources in 1941-42 were $2,416,579,569, an increase of $156,052,524 over 1939-40. In contrast, during the decade 1930-40 — which included the depression years — there was an in¬ crease of approximately $172,000,000 in total revenue receipts. An increasingly larger proportion of public-school revenue was supplied by State governments with a decreasing proportion pro¬ vided in the decade from 1930 to 1940 from county and from local sources. The increasing share of the Federal Government in pub¬ lic education since 1929-30 is primarily due to the growth of the vocational education program. In 1941-42, 1.4 percent of the revenue receipts were from Federal sources in comparison with 0.4 percent in 1929-30 (table X). The decrease from Federal sources in the 1940-42 biennium is due to the ending of the public works program. Table X. — Revenue receipts of State school systems for specified years, by source Source 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent Amount _ Per¬ cent Amount i Per¬ cent Total... $2,088,556,837 100.0 $2,222,884,661 100.0 $2,260,527,045 100.0 $2,416,579,569 100.0 Federal _ 7,333,834 0.4 26,535,473 1.2 39,810,339 1.7 34,305,190 1.4 State . . 353,670,462 16.9 655,996,060 29.5 684,354,085 30.3 759,992,998 31.5 County _ Local and sub¬ 216,746,764 10.4 144,521,394 6.5 151,096,506 6.7 150,223,047 6.2 sidies _ 1,510,805,777 72.3 1,395,831,734 62.8 1,385,266,115 61.3 1,472,058,334 60.9 The State share in the support of public education increased during the biennium, from 30.3 percent in 1939-40 to 31.5 percent in 1941-42. The increasing role of the State in the support of education is significant. Since 1929-30 the amount of State sup¬ port has increased from approximately 350 million to about 760 million dollars. Counties provided 6.2 percent of the total revenue receipts in 1941-42, and local units, still the major source, 60.9 percent. An analysis of these data (table X) reveals that the in¬ crease in amounts in State support has not been accompanied by a corresponding decrease in amounts in local support. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Figure 4. Source and Percent State State County | Del . 92.7 0 N. C.... 71.2 20.7 N. Hex.. 69.3 13.2 Wash.... 61.3 5.5 Ala . 58.6 22.8 0a . 58.2 16.6 La . 56.9 30.2 W. Va... 52.4 47.6 Fla . 51.8 17.0 S. C.... 49.9 5.3 Calif. . . 47.8 2.0 Ark..... 46.0 3.8 Mich.... 46.0 .5 Ky . 41.8 26.6 Texas . . . 41.3 0 Utah.... 41.3 35.5 Ok la.... 40.2 6.4 Miss.... 38.6 20.0 Ohio.... 37.7 1.5 Mo . 35.8 .4 Minn. ... 35.2 1.6 Va . 34.7 37.7 Tenn.... 34.3 49.6 N. Y.... 33.9 0 Ind . 33.2 .6 Md . 21.9 31.3 Ariz.. .. 21.2 38.2 Pa . 21.2 0 Nev . 20.3 58.4 Wis . 18.7 9.6 Vt . 17.1 0 Maine... 15.9 0 D. «.... 14.6 0 N. Dak.. 14.4 8.7 Idaho... 12.0 25.6 Kans .... 11.7 14.4 R. I.... 10.7 0 Ill . 10.2 .1 Mass.... 10.2 0 Conn. .. . 8.8 0 S. Dak.. 8.5 3.5 Mont .... 8.4 20.4 Wyo . 5.9 27.6 N. J.... 5.7 14.9 Colo.... 5.5 20.7 ». H.... 5.5 0 Iowa.... 1.1 2.6 Nebr .... 1.1 1.0 Oreg.... .4 25.9 U. S.... 30.6 6.8 91.2 88.0 71.2 66.5 79.4 73.8 94.5 96.3 97.9 73.7 62.6 1 K////////7/////7//y 1 — (Z777777//7777777 MiiiiDiimnliiiiiiilfiTmn 1 “ ^7777777 • wjiminlmuulninin. ■■■CZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ3 BBBKZ 77777777777777/7///////7/////77^ ■ >////////////////////////} WM' P77777//777777//777// 77/7777777 v///////)(//////)//////77 mr \////)nrnntin/n/i)!iTnTT] mm i/nin/iiinimirrmt mm 7777777/7777777/777777777777777/ BW.~ 7777777/777777777777777/77777777 | m/intiiiiiiiiiiiiiiliiuiiiiimuiL p i //)/u/iii)!iiini)i/niii)nmw MZZ, M \ \i)(iiiiii)(////n)(/i//nl ■ mnit/niniUni/iri/mm ■ ' 17777/777777777777777777777777 Wi/iwvinmiiu/!i//ii!iiii,iim mm . . 1 vm)//mn}/in///t////nn T~ f wf/iiiif/ii/iii/uHHim -Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by State. 1939-40. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Methods for financing public schools vary among the States with wide differences in the division of responsibility among gov¬ ernmental levels for the financing of public education. The State government supplied 50 percent or more of the public- school revenues from taxation and appropriation in 1941-42, in 9 States (table XI). In 8 States, the State contribution repre¬ sented less than 10 percent of the public-school revenues. In general, counties play a minor part in the support of public education. In 29 States the counties either made no contribution to the support of the public-school system in 1941-42 or provided less than 10 percent of the total receipts (table XI). Table XI. — Percent of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources for specified years, by State State or District of Columbia State County Local 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 Continental United States _ _ 16.7 30.7 31.9 10.6 6.7 6.3 72.7 62.6 61.8 Alabama _ 43.7 58.6 59.5 29.7 22.8 22.2 26.6 18.6 18.3 Arizona _ _ 17.4 21.2 54.9 38.4 38.2 5.7 44.2 40.6 39.4 Arkansas _ . _ _ 33.6 46.0 49.7 2.9 3.8 4.0 63.5 50.2 46.3 California - - - 25.1 47.8 45.8 36.9 2.0 1.9 38.0 50.2 52.3 Colorado .1 5.5 5.8 26.5 20.7 21.2 73.4 73.8 73.0 7.5 8.8 10.0 92.5 91.2 90.0 88.1 92.7 92.1 11.9 7.3 7.9 Florida - - - - -- 21.6 51.8 47.9 29.6 17.0 21.7 48.8 31.2 30.4 Georgia - - - 36.5 58.2 64.9 30.1 16.6 13.4 33.4 25.2 21.7 Idaho — .6 12.0 21.1 27.9 25.6 16.1 71.5 62.4 62.8 Illinois _ _ _ _ 4.5 10.2 9.2 .1 .1 95.5 89.7 90.7 Indiana _ - - - - 1.7 33.2 31.1 .6 .6 98.3 66.2 68.3 Iowa _ - - - _ 3.3 1.1 1.2 2.6 2.5 96.7 96.3 96.3 Kansas .1 11.7 12.6 14.4 14.2 99.9 73.9 73.2 Kentucky _ 26.3 41.8 39.4 29.0 26.6 27.4 44.7 31.6 33.2 Louisiana - 25.2 56.9 58.6 54.5 30.2 31 .6 20.3 12.9 9.8 Maine 29.0 15.9 10.2 71.0 84.1 89.8 Maryland __ - - 17.3 21.9 23.8 34.3 31.3 33.9 48.4 46.8 42.3 Massachusetts _ _ 9.0 10.2 13.3 91.0 89.8 86.7 Michigan 19.9 46.0 46.0 .5 .5 80.1 53.5 53.5 Minnesota . - - 17.3 35.2 32.3 5.0 1.6 .7 77.7 63.2 67.0 Mississippi _ _ 32.9 38.6 37.1 23.1 20.0 16.5 44.0 41.4 46.4 Missouri _ _ 10.7 35.8 34.7 4.2 .4 .4 85.1 63.8 64.9 Montana . . 3.7 8.4 13.8 43.2 20.4 19.8 53.1 71.2 66.4 Nebraska _ - _ .7 1.1 .9 1.0 2.4 99.3 97.9 96.7 Nevada _ 13.2 20.3 13.3 58.6 58.4 62.7 28.2 21.3 24.0 New Hampshire 8 8 5.5 6.2 91.2 94.5 93.8 New Jersey - 21.0 5.7 9.4 .8 14.9 13.8 78.2 79.4 76.8 New Mexico _ — 3.5 69.3 74.0 74.7 13.2 10.4 21.8 17.5 15.6 New York 28.6 33.9 34.1 71.4 66.1 65.9 North Carolina _ 1.4 71.2 70.9 61.2 20.7 21.0 37.4 8.1 8.1 North Dakota - 2.8 14.4 15.7 7.8 8.7 5.5 89.4 76.9 78.8 Ohio _ _ _ 3.6 37.7 36.1 32.4 1.5 .3 64.0 60.8 63.6 Oklahoma. _ 5.9 40.2 35.5 8.5 6.4 1.2 85.6 53.4 63.3 Oregon. _ _ .4 .4 18.5 25.9 23.9 81.5 73.7 75.7 Pennsylvania _ _ 14.0 21.2 25.4 86.0 78.8 74.6 Rhode Island 8.3 10.7 10.4 91.7 89.3 89.6 South Carolina _ 26.9 49.9 49.9 27.0 5.3 5.4 46.1 44.8 44.7 South Dakota _ .5 8.5 9.4 3.5 3.1 99.5 88.0 87.5 Tennessee _ 23.7 34.3 38.0 35.6 49.6 46.7 40.7 16.1 15.3 Texas _ 35.9 41.3 48.4 0) 64.1 58.7 51.6 Utah 32.1 41.3 39.4 35.5 67.9 23.2 60.6 Vermont _ _ 12.4 17.1 15.9 87.6 82.9 84.1 Virginia _ _ 28.5 34.7 36.3 31.5 37.7 35.2 40.0 27.6 28.5 Washington. _ _ _ 26.2 61.3 57.2 16.1 5.5 4.6 57.7 33.2 38.2 West Virginia 7.7 52.4 50.8 47.6 49.2 92.3 Wisconsin _ 16.2 18.7 26.5 8.6 9.6 7.9 75.2 71.7 65.6 Wyoming. . _ 1.3 5.9 6.0 ' 25.7 27.6 24.0 73.0 66.5 70.0 District of Columbia 22.9 14.6 10.2 77.1 85.4 89.8 Less than 0 . 05 percent. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 In spite of the trend toward reduced support from local sources, 10 States still received 80 percent or more of their school revenue from such sources in 1941-42 (table XI) . All of the New England States have retained this pattern. In contrast, local govern¬ mental units play little part in the financing of public education in a number of southern States. Less than 20 percent of the re¬ ceipts from taxation and appropriations for the public schools in Alabama, Delaware, Louisiana, New Mexico, North Carolina, and Tennessee in 1941-42 were from local sources. In 1 State, West Virginia, the local government made no contribution. Coincident with the increasing importance of State appropria¬ tions for education and the decline in local appropriations from 1930 to 1940 there has been an increase in the revenue from per¬ manent funds and endowments and from leases of school land. The income from these sources was $27,146,338 in 1941-42 (table 19) as compared with $23,104,293 in 1939-40. The total receipts averaged approximately one dollar per pupil enrolled in both school years. The only States in which considerable amounts are still received from these sources are Montana, New Mexico, South Dakota, and Wyoming with their extensive areas of leased school lands. In those four States the receipts for 1941-42 amounted to $10 or more per pupil enrolled. Income from miscellaneous sources fluctuates considerably from year to year. The general trend for the decade is downward, however, both for aggregate amount and as a proportion of total receipts. Table XII. — Revenue receipts of State school systems for specified years, by type Type 1929-30 1933-34 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Total _ $2,088,556,837 $1,810,652,093 $2,222,884,661 $2,260,527,045 $2,416,579,569 Permanent funds _ _ 23,767,636 19,890,7791 20,177,226 19,717.527 22,426,118 Lease of school lands 3,748,881 2,167,804 3,852,679 3,386,766 4,720,220 Appropriation and taxa¬ tion _ 1,975,000,085 1,720,399.440 2,125,780,232 2,149,408,048 2,305,223.136 Federal aid _ — 7,333,834 21.547,938 26,535,473, 39,810,339 34,305,190 All other _ 78,706,401 46,646,132) 46,539,051 48,204,365 49,904,905 Nonrevenue receipts from loans and bond sales, from sale of property and insurance adjustments, and from miscellaneous non¬ revenue sources account for about 10 percent in 1939-40 and 7 per¬ cent in 1941-42 of the total revenue and nonrevenue receipts (tables 18 and 22). With the curtailment in school building pro¬ grams as a result of the war, there has been a sharp decrease in the amount of money borrowed through banks or bond sales. Expenditures The total expenditure for public elementary and secondary full¬ time day schools, excluding capital outlay, debt retirement, and interest was $1,941,799,228 in 1939-40 and $2,067,660,387 in 1941-42 (table XIII). Including capital outlay and interest, but excluding debt service, it amounted to $2,330,681,788 in 1939-40 and $2,313,994,159 in 1941-42. The total expenditure for current 26 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 expense, interest, and capital outlay for the public-school system, including summer and part-time, was $2,323,000,000 in 1941-42 as compared with $2,344,000,000 in 1939-40 (tables 23 to 27). Table XIII. — Total expenditures excluding debt retirement of State school systems , for specified years, by purpose Purpose 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Total current expense _ _ General control _ _ Instruction _ _ ___ Operation _ _ _ _ _ Maintenance _ _ ___ Auxiliary agencies _ _ _ _ Fixed charges _ _ _ _ _ Capital outlay _ Interest _ $1,843,551,708 $1,870,089,658 $1,941,799,228 $2,067,660,387 78,679,502 1,317,727,233 216,072,433 78,810,238 101,992,622 50,269,680 86,440,768 1,359,704,049 183,853,278 76,314,876 121,164,112 42,612,575 91,570,594 1,403,284,523 194,365,182 73,321,441 129,141,210 50,116,278 101,463,403 1,457,876,554 209,788,468 78,862,199 138,951,113 80,718,650 $370,877,969 92,535,880 $238,853,496 114,102,250 $257,973,601 130,908,959 $137,552,326 108,781,446 Current expense. — The current expense of State school systems includes administration at the State, county and intermediate, and local levels. General control or administration accounted for 4.7 percent of the total current expense for public schools in 1939-40 and for 4.9 percent in 1941-42 (table XIV). Table XIV. — Current expense ( excluding interest ) per pupil in average daily attendance for specified years, by purpose Purpose 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Percent increase or decrease in cur¬ rent ex¬ pense per pupil 1929-30 to 1941-42 Current expense per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent Current expense per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent Current expense per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent Current expense per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent Total current expense _ General control _ Instruction _ Salaries _ Textbooks and sup¬ plies _ Operation _ Maintenance _ Auxiliary services _ Fixed charges _ Capital outlay _ $86.70 100.0 $83.87 100.0 $88.09 100.0 $98.31 100.0 + 13.4 3.70 61.97 58.80 3.17 10.16 3.71 4.80 2.36 4.3 71.5 67.9 3.6 11.7 4.3 5.5 2.7 3.88 60.98 56.62 4.36 8.25 3.42 5.43 1 .91 4.6 72.7 67.5 5.2 9.8 4.1 6.5 2.3 4.15 63.66 59.63 4.03 8.82 3.33 5.86 2.27 4.7 72.3 67.7 4.6 10.0 3.8 6.6 2.6 4.82 69.32 64.90 4.42 9.97 3.75 6.61 3.84 4.9 70.5 66.0 4.5 10.2 3.8 6.7 3.9 +30.2 +11.9 +10.4 +39.4 — 1.9 + 1.1 +37.7 +62.7 $17.44 4.35 $10.71 5.12 $11.70 5.94 $ 6/54 5.17 —62.5 +18.9 Interest _ The total cost of instruction includes not only salaries, but also textbooks, teaching supplies, and other supplies and expenses. The expenditure for the instruction of pupils in 1939-40 was $1,403,- 284,523 — 72.3 percent of the total current expense, while in 1941-42 it was 70.5 percent. Although there has been an increas¬ ing recognition for the need for providing at public expense text¬ books and instructional supplies and materials, since 1937-38 there has been a decrease in proportion of current expense for this pur¬ pose (table XIV). STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 Figure 5. — Annual expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense, capital outlay, and interest, 1939-40. Current expenditures for operation and maintenance, respec¬ tively, of school plants were below the pre-depression peak. In 1939-40 these items accounted for 10.0 and 3.8 percent as com¬ pared with 11.7 and 4.3 percent in 1929-30. Auxiliary services, including such items as health services, lunchrooms, athletic facilities, transportation, and community services, are becoming of increasing significance as a result of ex¬ panding concepts of the role of the school. This general item accounted for 6.6 percent of current expenses in 1939-40 as com¬ pared with 5.5 percent in 1929-30. The amount expended in 1939-40 for auxiliary services was approximately 129 million dollars. Fixed charges, such as contributions to retirement funds, insur¬ ance, and rent accounted for 2.6 percent of current expenses in 1939-40 and for 3.9 percent in 1941-42. By 1939-40, the total current expense per pupil was $88.09. The upward trend was continued during the last biennium resulting in a per pupil cost for 1941-42 of $98.31. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table XV. — Current expense ( excluding interest) per pupil in average daily attendance jor specified years, by State State or District of Columbia 1929-30 1933-34 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Continental United States .. $86.70 $67.48 $83.87 $88.09 $98.31 Alabama _ 37.28 '30.09 34.27 36.16 " 39.75 Arizona _ 109 . 12 77.11 94.16 96.26 104.66 Arkansas _ 33.56 22.60 31.62 31.35 38.59 California _ 133.30 109.83 131.43 141.93 166.92 Colorado _ 110.76 78.30 87.41 92.04 102.38 Connecticut _ 102.58 82.12 104.47 109.18 124.88 Delaware _ 95.12 92.85 104.64 108.52 113.80 Florida - - - 50.61 40.73 59.91 58.35 68.08 Georgia _ 31.89 28.34 37.71 42.16 44.57 Idaho _ 86.86 57.09 75.00 78.05 86.72 Illinois _ 102.56 78.18 103.77 115.19 128.99 Indiana _ 91.66 60.20 77.01 86.13 95.97 Iowa _ 96.10 65.44 81.15 86.47 95.40 Kansas _ 92.81 60.19 72.84 82.61 86.27 Kentucky _ 46.23 33.37 44.49 46.78 51.38 48.19 36.07 54.09 56 . 58 65.93 Maine _ _ 69.89 52.09 60.36 63.50 69.72 Maryland _ 80.15 68.64 78.93 83.81 89.92 Massachusetts _ 109.57 95.69 109.81 114.52 130 73 Michigan _ 114.76 67.68 89.31 92.38 101.91 Minnesota _ 101.29 75.15 91.92 100.38 108.26 Mississippi _ 36.13 23.55 28.19 30.72 31.52 Missouri _ 70.28 60.27 70.68 80.36 86.79 Montana.. . _ _ 109.73 79.24 104 . 12 109.07 125.59 Nebraska.. _ 93.08 57.48 70.67 74.41 85.12 Nevada _ _ 136.18 117.90 133.89 131.35 134.37 New Hampshire _ 92.77 79.67 92.13 91.31 100.70 New Jersey _ 124.90 102 . 53 125.53 136.42 158.08 New Mexico _ 77.21 60.18 71.30 76.36 83.43 New York _ 137.55 124 . 13 147.65 156.86 168.07 North Carolina _ 42.85 24.18 39.59 40.86 45.11 North Dakota _ 99.55 67.32 74.85 68.87 79.65 Ohio _ _ 95.69 72.51 86.23 96.37 106 . 13 Oklahoma _ 65.48 43.70 63.25 63.03 72.83 Oregon _ 103.31 68.90 87.88 97.42 106.97 Pennsylvania _ 87.81 75.04 92.82 92.45 106.90 Rhode Island _ 95.74 86.97 98.49 105.17 122.99 South Carolina _ 39.98 27.14 36.52 39.68 45.51 South Dakota _ 95.36 62.29 90.90 85.50 96.33 Tennessee _ 42.66 34.62 41.61 44.29 50.44 Texas _ 54.57 46.63 65.42 65.87 78.24 Utah.... . . . 75.08 58.71 74.86 78.47 84.76 Vermont _ 84.24 59.76 77.70 85.08 93.84 Virginia _ 44.25 37.51 42.31 47.91 55.83 Washington _ 100.45 69.16 103.83 105.31 127.70 West Virginia _ 72.16 48.54 60.55 63.71 72.63 Wisconsin _ 94.17 71.99 90.39 91.07 109.69 Wyoming _ 128.59 88.70 105.91 108.51 120.29 District of Columbia _ 132.39 107.30 123.05 131.74 137.48 Most of the States reported increases in total current expense for public schools during the biennium ending June 80, 1942. In¬ creases ranged from 0.6 .percent in Kansas to 17.9 percent in Washington (table XVI). The two States, namely, Delaware and New York, which reported decreases for the biennium spent from 0.4 to 0.6 percent less for public education in 1941-42 than in 1939-40. These decreases in expenditures are due to a variety of factors and must not be interpreted as reflecting decreased educational services. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 Table XVI. — Percent increase or decrease in current expense ( excluding interest) for specified years, by State State or District of Columbia 1929-30 to 1933-34 1929-30 to 1939-40 1937-38 to 1939-40 1939-40 to 1941-42 Continental United States __ - 17.8 + 5.3 + 3.8 + 6.5 Alabama _ _ 13.4 + 16.0 + 10.3 + 8.5 Arizona _ — 28.7 + 2.7 + 4.9 + 10.1 Arkansas.. - — 29.3 + 5.4 + 3.4 + 15.9 California _ — 10.9 + 23.9 + 9.9 + 10.4 Colorado _ — 27.3 — 13.2 + 4.8 + 6.2 Connecticut _ _ 16.7 — .7 + .3 + 8.5 Delaware _ . - + 7.0 + 23.5 + 3.9 — .6 Florida _ — 9.7 + 41.1 + 1.6 + 15.3 Georgia . — - - — — 2.7 + 43.4 + 13.1 + 5.1 Idaho - — 30.7 — 3.3 + 4.0 + 5.0 Illinois _ — 25.6 + 2.0 + 7.1 + 6.2 Indiana _ — 28.1 — 7.0 + 6.4 + 7.7 Iowa _ ... - — 30.5 — 15.5 + 3.7 + 7.2 Kansas. - — T 34.7 — 19.3 + 8.9 + .6 Kentucky _ — 21.3 + 15.3 + 7.6 + 4.1 Louisiana - - - — _ 18.2 + 33.7 + 7.6 + 13.6 Maine _ . .. . — - — 19.1 — 2.2 + 5.3 + 4.0 Maryland _ _ _ . - — 8.3 + 14.1 + 6.3 + 5.9 Massachusetts _ . .. - .. — 9.4 — 2.6 — 2.0 + 4.6 Michigan _ .. . . .. — — 37.8 — 17.9 + .2 + 10.5 Minnesota _ . _ . .. .. . . _ 22.1 _ 1.5 + 7.4 -f 2.3 Mississippi . . . . — 32.3 — 7.6 + 13.6 + 4.0 Missouri _ _ ... _ ... — 9.0 + 18.9 + 11.6 + 1.3 Montana - - - . - — 27.4 — 7.2 + 4.6 + 5.8 Nebraska _ ... . . . . — 33.9 — 25.2 + 1.2 + 4.5 Nevada _ _ _ — . _ 5.5 + 14.7 + 1.5 + 5.2 New Hampshire .. _ . . . . . — 10.3 + .6 .4 + 4.4 New Jersey _ _ _ _ . - - - — 13.3 + 4.6 + 4.5 + 8.7 New Mexico _ . — 10.1 + 38.0 + 12.8 + 3.8 New York _ _ — 2.6 + 17.3 + .3 .4 North Carolina .. _ _ 36.5 + 12.0 + 5.6 + 9.0 North Dakota . . . _ — 38.2 41.8 7.2 + 9.5 Ohio _ _ _ . — 21.0 — 1.0 + 9.2 + 4.6 Oklahoma _ _. - . — 30.2 — .6 — 1.9 + 3.9 Oregon _ .. — 27.2 + 1.0 + 7.2 + 7.2 Pennsylvania _ _ 8.8 + 5.7 _ 2.6 + 67 Rhode Island _ _ — 4.1 + 6.9 + 1.7 + 6.2 South Carolina _ _ — 26.2 + 9.6 + 6.9 + 14.9 South Dakota _ — 35.8 22.3 4- 2.0 + 5.0 Tennessee _ — 13.9 + 15.6 4- 10.4 + 11.4 Texas _ _ _ 14.6 + 25.5 + 2.2 + 12.3 Utah.... _ _ — 17.5 + 7.4 + 4.0 + 5.8 Vermont _ — 28.4 — 1.7 + 2.1 + 4.6 Virginia _ — 8.8 + 18.2 + 13.4 + 13.7 Washington _ — 29.8 + 3.4 — 1.1 + 17.9 West Virginia _ _ 27.6 + 3.8 + 8.7 + 9.4 Wisconsin _ _ — 16.6 — .4 3.1 + 15.0 Wyoming _ — 31.9 — 16.5 + 1.7 + 4.4 District of Columbia. _ — 9.4 + 20.6 + 6.2 + 3.4 Interest. — Interest on bonded and current indebtedness in 1941-42 amounted to $108,781,446, or approximately $5.17 per pupil in average daily attendance. Interest payments were some¬ what less in 1941-42 than in 1939-40 as a result of reductions in bonded indebtedness. There is a general trend, moreover, toward a reduction in interest payments as a result of improved methods of school financing, increasing State participation, adoption of sound budgetary policies, and programs for refinancing bonded indebtedness at lower rates of interest. Capital outlay. — There was a sharp reduction in the amount 30 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 spent for sites, buildings, and equipment in 1941-42 as compared with 1939-40 because of the general curtailment of building pro¬ grams and the difficulty of obtaining various types of equipment, such as furniture and busses. The total capital outlay in 1941-42 averaged $6.54 per pupil in average daily attendance, as com¬ pared with $11.70 per pupil in 1939-40 (table 28). Such data emphasize the fact that an extensive school building program will be needed at the close of the war. Debt service . — The public schools have taken advantage of the curtailment in building to pay off bonded indebtedness. Thus, $250,130,765 in bonds and short-term loans were redeemed dur¬ ing 1939-40 and $281,430,449 during 1941-42 (table 27). Some of this was paid from current funds to retire bonds and the re¬ mainder from sinking funds. In addition, sizable payments from current taxes went into sinking funds for the future retirement of bonds. The net result was an increase in the amount in sink¬ ing funds from $97,033,106 at the close of the school year 1939-40 to $119,795,676 at the close of the school year 1941-42. Expenditures per pupil. — As a basis for comparisons over a period of years and from State to State, expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance have been calculated on three bases, namely: Current expense, excluding interest (table XV) ; current expense plus interest; and capital outlay (table 28) . The expendi¬ ture per pupil in 1941-42 on these three bases was $98.31, $103.49, and $6.54, respectively. In each case there was a slight increase over 1939-40, except capital outlay, in spite of the reductions in interest already noted. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 State Mies . $ 31.23 Ark . . 34 .14 Ala . 37.03 S. C . 42.65 Ga . 43.13 N. C . 44.39 Tenn . 45.61 Ky . 48.90 Va . 50.37 La . 60.66 Maine...*.. 64.74 H. 7a...'.. 65.25 Fla . 65.67 Okla . 67.89 Tex. . 70.83 N. Dak.... 74.70 Kebr. . . * 77.10 N. Mex.... 79.59 Idaho . 81.65 Utah . 81.74 Mo . 83.80 Vt . 86.20 Kans . . 87.84 Ind . 89.18 Md . 90.29 Iowa . 90.32 i>. -Dak.... 90.71 N. H . 93.61 Wis . 93.82 Colo. .... . . 97.38 Mich . 100.67 Oreg . 101.85 Aiiz . 102.03 Ohio . 103.83 Minn . 104.20 Pa . 106.05 Wash....... 108.56 Wyo . 110.00 Del . 110.10 Mont . 110.89 Conn . 114.54 R. I . 116.53 Mass . 116.66 Ill . 121.09 D. C . '131.74 Nev . 136.45 N. J . 143.54 Calif . 150.15 N. I . 169.90 U. S . 94.03 Expenditure per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance Dollars 25_ 50 75 10 0_ HO_ 175 Figure 6. — Expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance for current expense (including interest), by State, 1939-40. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 The best financial measure of the educational program is cur¬ rent expense, excluding interest. On that basis, all 48 States ex¬ pended more per pupil in 1941-42 than in 1939-40 (table XV). In no State was there any decrease during the biennium. At the same time the wide range among the States in current expense per pupil in average daily attendance continues to be sig¬ nificant. In 1941-42, Mississippi spent only $31.52 per pupil in comparison with $166.92 in California and $168.07 in New York. Thus, the increased expenditures for public education have prac¬ tically no effect in reducing the differences among the States. Al¬ though the less wealthy States continue to make greater than aver¬ age efforts, they cannot provide educational facilities comparable to those provided by the wealthy States with less effort. The quality of educational offerings cannot be measured in terms of expenditures only, but it is quite clear that wide variations in quality do exist. A child’s residence is a major determining factor in the educational opportunities he will have. States are increas¬ ingly aware of the necessity for establishing and maintaining a minimum level of education. In a number of States an acceptable minimum educational program cannot be assured without substan¬ tially increasing funds available for public elementary and sec¬ ondary school purposes. Differences in ability prohibit the attainment of a comparable minimum program educationally acceptable without imposing an excessive burden on some States. School Property The reported value of all public-school property in the 48 States and the District of Columbia was $7,635,112,546 in 1939-40 and $7,801,417,262 in 1941-42. A number of States could not report separately on the value of sites, buildings, and equipment. The value of all physical property per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance was $346 in 1939-40 and $371 in 1941-42. By States, the range in 1941-42 was from $103 per pupil in Alabama to $670 per pupil in New York (table 29). At the close of the school year, 1941-42, 222,660 buildings were in use. Of this total, all except a few were publicly owned. Of the 222,660 buildings in use, 107,692, or 48.4 percent, were one- room schools (table XVII). Since one-room schools are practic¬ ally all in rural areas, their relative importance is even greater than the percentage based on all schools indicates. In spite of the progress being made in the elimination of one-room schools, it is evident that they still have a major role in the education of rural youth. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 Table XVII. — One-room, buildings as a percent of all buildings in use for specified years Year All buildings in use One-room buildings Year All buildings in use One-room buildings Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 1941-42. . 222,660 107,692 48.4 1931-32 _ 245,941 143,445 58.3 1939-40 _ 226,762 113,600 50.1 1929-30 _ 248,117 148,712 59.9 1937-38 _ 229,394 121,178 52.8 1927-28 _ 255,551 153,306 60.0 1935-36.. . 237,816 130,708 55.0 1919-20 _ 271,319 187,948 69.3 1933-34 . 242,929 138,542 57.0 1909-10 _ 265,474 212,448 80.0 The proportion that one-room schools constituted of the total in 1941-42 ranged from 6.3 percent in New Jersey to 87.3 percent in South Dakota. In 18 States more than half of all buildings in use were still one-teacher schools. Generally, one-room schools do not offer instruction in high-school subjects. In 1941-42, about one out of every eight elementary and secondary teachers was in a one-room school. This proportion would be greater if the number of teachers in one-room schools was compared with the number of elementary teachers (data not available). Retirement Funds Retirement programs have been set up in a number of States so that an attempt is now made to obtain biennial reports on the current status of such funds. Thirty-two States reported on this item for 1939-40, and 37 States for 1941-42. The data for indi¬ vidual States are significant, but totals for the United States are not available. Permanent School Funds and Endowments Funds specifically designated for public-school purposes have usually been derived from the sale of State school lands set aside by the Federal and/or State governments and from surplus rev¬ enue returned to the States by the Federal Government. In addi¬ tion a few individual schools have endowments. Permanent school funds totaled $533,282,487 in 1939-40 and $585,833,064 in 1941-42. In addition, the public schools owned 32,703,124 acres in unsold school land. This acreage was concentrated in the western States, particularly Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Washington, and Wyoming. The bulk of permanent school funds and school lands was held at the State level as contrasted with counties or local units (table 30). Indebtedness As pointed out above, school administrators reduced the indebt¬ edness of their systems during the biennium 1940-42 (table XVIII) . Not only were bonds retired, but the issuing of new bond issues was sharply curtailed. As a result, the amount of bonds outstanding was reduced from $2,677,078,315 in 1939-40 to $2,561,- 878,108 in 1941-42. Bonds outstanding, plus short-term indebted- 34 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 ness at the close of the 1941-42 year, accounted for a total indebtedness of $2,674,438,742 (table 27). Table XVIII. — School debt and interest payments per pupil in average daily attendance for specified years, by State School indebtedness Interest payments 1935-36 1939-40 1941-42 1935-36 1939-40 1941-42 Continental United States... $136.47 $128.65 $127.18 $5.96 $5.94 $5.17 Alabama — . - 39.03 39.62 43.37 1.64 .87 .83 Arizona - - 134.37 106.09 88.70 7.74 5.77 4.06 Arkansas _ 67.02 63.42 65.45 2.60 2.83 2.50 California _ 199.68 172.71 183.99 9.53 8.22 7.75 Colorado _ 144.11 120.97 112.47 7.33 5.34 5.31 Connecticut _ 172.44 137.25 136.66 7.75 5.36 4.99 Delaware — . - 50.53 58.87 70.02 1.60 1.58 1.59 Florida . . - 184.47 155.56 156.78 9.14 7.32 7.16 Georgia.. - - - 34.96 18.80 39.37 2.17 .96 .90 Idaho - 84.81 81.78 78.35 4.57 3.60 3.16 Illinois _ 170.26 157.49 149.73 8.59 5.91 5.34 Indiana .... _ 76.43 70.06 63.49 3.51 3.05 2.45 Iowa _ _ _ 101 .85 96.77 86.52 5.67 3.86 3.37 Kansas .. - 78.48 78.85 67.89 6.90 5.24 5.43 Kentucky _ 38.29 36.07 38.05 1.40 2.12 1.92 Louisiana _ _ 70.13 73.15 73.60 4.54 4.09 3.62 Maine. . . - - 36.98 34.98 39.58 1.44 1.29 1.00 Maryland _ .. - - 165.58 154.13 144.08 7.33 6.48 5.93 Massachusetts.. - 70.40 64.34 29.87 2.75 2.14 1.19 Michigan _ 201.63 140.91 153.97 6.50 8.29 3.47 Minnesota .. - 133.17 128.54 117.10 5.96 3.82 1.38 Mississippi - - . 18.99 30.68 30.27 1.33 .52 1.46 Missouri _ _ 89.85 85.40 83.01 4.03 3.44 3.88 Montana . _ . _ 79.51 77.63 74.45 2.56 1.82 1.02 Nebraska. - - 115.39 110.22 108.76 5.14 2.70 2.78 Nevada _ _ . _ 114.14 107.43 94.01 4.66 5.10 4.15 New Hampshire _ _ 73.40 65.80 57.44 2.94 2.30 1.91 New Jersey . . - 294 . 26 267.27 259.71 13.27 12.12 11.91 New Mexico _ _ 61.19 53.60 44.69 2.88 3.23 2.96 New York _ 303.89 335.67 321.18 12.76 13.04 13.14 North Carolina _ ■ _ 118.50 76.92 71.87 4.51 3.53 3.17 North Dakota _ 105.56 83.62 65.55 5.64 5.82 3.27 Ohio _ 173.22 147.34 155.08 8.79 7.46 6.16 Oklahoma. _ 111.50 107.34 110.92 4.90 4.86 2.03 Oregon _ 120.13 89.94 75.76 6.20 4.43 3.87 Pennsylvania _ 157.98 169.43 172.66 4.59 13.60 11.19 Rhode Island _ _ 270.01 291.33 273.11 11.14 11.36 11.04 South Carolina _ _ 48.88 47.16 39.83 2.69 2.97 3.19 South Dakota _ 107.98 91.12 75.01 4.65 5.21 4.40 Tennessee _ 62.97 60.36 58.18 3.09 1.32 2.47 Texas _ 26.16 145.27 192.40 4.85 4.96 5.48 Utah _ _ _ 96.55 83.44 76.13 3.96 3.27 2.84 Vermont _ 44.76 52.40 55.56 2.03 1.12 1.05 Virginia _ 62.43 61.74 62.26 2.74 2.47 1.43 Washington _ 94.23 74.93 55.93 4.62 3.25 2.80 West Virginia _ 30.64 32.24 30.55 1.65 1.54 1.32 Wisconsin _ _ _ 68.43 47.82 38.50 2.91 2.75 .83 Wyoming _ 129.28 122.95 126.47 4.87 1.48 6.32 Schools for Negroes Separate schools for white and Negro pupils are maintained by 17 southern States and the District of Columbia. These States make reports to the U. S. Office of Education on schools for Negroes only in addition to their reports for the total school sys- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 tem. In order to emphasize the situation with regard to Negro schools, comparisons with white schools are made throughout this section,18 (tables 34 to 42). Enrollment Approximately 85.9 percent of the Negro population 5-17 years of age in the 17 southern States and the District of Columbia was enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools in 1939-40. For that year the corresponding percentage was 85.3 (table XIX). Table XIX. — White and Negro school population and enrollment in 17 southern States1 and the District of Columbia, for specified years Item 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro Population 5-17 years of age, in¬ clusive2 _ ... ... 8,328,914 2,902,657 8,942,822 2,988,300 8,915,305 2,827,565 (*) (*) Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools _ . . 7,444,731 2,282,578 7,083,000 2,411,907 7,608,378 2,428,842 7,350,663 2,386,471 Enrollment in public schools as percent of school population . 89.4 78.6 85.9 80.7 85.3 85.9 1 See table XXII, page 39. 2 United States Bureau of the Census. Estimated for intercensal years. 3 Population for 1941-42 unavailable. During the last two decades important changes have occurred in the grade enrollments of Negro children as the disproportion¬ ately large percentages in the first three grades have gradually declined and the higher grades have had corresponding increases in enrollment. Even so, the proportions of the total elementary and secondary school enrollment in the first three grades remain high in comparison with whites, a resultant of the many factors involved in poorer educational opportunities for Negro than white children (table 38). At the same time the trend toward a more normal grade distribution is directly associated with the develop¬ ment of Negro schools. More and more Negro children are entering high school. In 1919-20, 1929-30, and 1941-42, the percents of the total elementary and secondary school enrollments in high school were, respectively, 1.6, 4.9, and 11.4. The corresponding proportions for whites were 8.2, 16.0, and 23.7 (table 38). For secondary schools as a whole there has been a long-time trend toward an increasing proportion of boys except for the slight decrease from 1939-40 to 1941-42 as a result of the war.19 Unpublished data show that in 1941-42 boys constituted 39.5 per¬ cent of the total high-school enrollment of Negro youth in com¬ parison with 47.2 percent for white youth in the same States. The increased enrollments in high school have been accompanied by an increased number of high-school graduates. In 1941-42 18 For a 10-year summary of Negro education, see U. S. Office of Education Cir¬ cular No. 215, Statistics of the Education of Negroes ( A Decade of Progress) . 10 See page 4. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 there were 33,784 Negro high-school graduates in the 17 southern States and the District of Columbia in comparison with 30,009 in 1939-40. The average age of the 1941-42 graduates, as of June 1, 1942, was 18.1, about 0.4 older than the average for white gradu¬ ates in the same States (table 39). Attendance The proportion of enrolled Negro pupils in average daily attend¬ ance has been increasing steadily from biennium to biennium so that by 1941-42, slightly more than 4 out of 5 Negro children enrolled in school in the 17 southern States and the District of Columbia were in average daily attendance (table 40) . This, how¬ ever, is to be compared with about 6 out of 7 white children in the same States, which means that the proportion of absences per school day was approximately 1.2 times as high for Negro as for white pupils. School Term The average length of school term for Negro children is grad¬ ually approaching that for white children. By 1941-42, school terms in States with separate schools for white and Negro pupils averaged 171 days for whites and 156 days for Negroes (table 36) . The averages conceal the fact that in half of the States — Dela¬ ware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia — school terms are at least as long for Negroes as for whites. The differ¬ ence in average length of term cited above is largely due to the much shorter terms for Negro than white children in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Even in States with average terms for Negroes equal to or longer than those for whites, Negro children attend school fewer days on the average than white pupils. This tends to emphasize the importance not only of availability of educational opportunities but also of the extent to which those opportunities are utilized. Table XX. — Average number of days attended by white and Negro pupils in 17 south¬ ern States and the District of Columbia , for specified years Year Average number of days attended Year Average number of days attended White Negro White Negro 1929-30 . 128 97 1935-36 . 136 113 1931-32 . 133 103 1937-38 _ _ 141 120 1933-34 . 134 111 1939-40.. . 145 126 1941-42 . . 144 128 Teachers and Other Instructional Staff Accompanying the increased enrollments of Negro children has been an increase in the number of teachers and other instructional staff. In 1941-42 there were 243 supervisors, 1,200 principals, and STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 64,729 teachers in the schools for Negro children in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia (table 40). Almost half, 46 percent, of the high-school staffs consist of men (table 34). While the effect of the war in creating shortages of teachers affects Negro as well as white schools, its impact upon Negro schools is less marked to date. This may be interpreted in terms of the fact that the alternatives to teaching offer fewer inducements to Negroes than to whites. Pupil-Teacher Ratios The number of pupils enrolled per instructional staff member in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia in 1941-42 was 36.1 for Negroes and 28.6 for whites (table XXI). A difference in favor of the whites existed in each State except Kentucky and Oklahoma. In 3 States — Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi — the average Negro enrollment per member of instructional staff was over 40. Table XXI. — Enrollment of white and Negro pupils per member of instructional staff1 in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, for specified years State or District of Columbia White Negro 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1929-30 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Total _ 34.5 29.7 29.2 28.6 44.4 39.7 37.7 36.1 Alabama _ 33.2 31.8 31 .5 30.6 46.1 42.2 42 .0 40.0 Arkansas _ 33.1 34.0 33 .7 32.7 43.9 45.0 44 .0 41.2 Delaware _ 29.3 26.1 25 .6 25 0 33.2 29.9 28 .8 27.0 Florida _ 29.4 27.6 25 .7 25.7 39.8 32.5 31 .1 30.0 Georgia _ 34.1 28.9 29 .0 29.4 46.0 39.9 38 .8 37.8 Kentucky _ Louisiana _ 38.7 33.0 30 .3 30.6 34.9 30.4 27 .2 27.7 30.4 28.7 27 .6 26.8 51.8 43.0 41 .9 40.2 Maryland _ 31.1 32.3 31 .0 31.0 34.6 35.0 34 .8 34.2 Mississippi _ 32.9 29.0 31 .3 29.4 49.4 48.7 45 .7 42.4 Missouri _ 27.0 26.9 26 .2 27.2 28.7 32.5 32 .5 33.3 North Carolina . . 34.7 34.0 33 .2 32.0 44.1 38.4 37 .3 36.0 Oklahoma _ 34.6 31.4 29 .8 26.8 33.2 28.5 27 .9 23.8 South Carolina _ 27.9 28.9 27 .9 27.4 49.0 42.1 38 .1 36.2 Tennessee _ 31.9 27.3 31 .3 29.3 51 1 36.7 37 .2 35.8 Texas _ _ _ 36.2 27.5 26 .7 26.6 39.6 35.8 34 .4 32.2 Virginia _ 32.3 33.7 29 .2 29.5 40.4 36.8 35 .3 34.9 West Virginia _ (2) 26.8 28 .1 27.5 (2) 28.9 27 .3 27.4 District of Columbia _ 29.2 30.4 27 .7 27.5 31.0 34.8 34 .0 32.1 1 Supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 Data not available. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff In spite of the gradual trend toward equalization of remunera¬ tion for white and Negro teachers with comparable training and experience, wide differences in teachers’ salaries persist. In the 14 southern States reporting on this item for 1941-42, average salaries for Negroes ranged from $226 in Mississippi to $1,593 in Maryland in comparison with a range for whites from $712 in Mississippi to $1,796 in Delaware (table 36). In 6 of the 14 38 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 States reporting, the average salary for Negro teachers was less than $600. * * * * * Data for any given year show the wide differences which still exist in many States between educational opportunities for white and Negro children. Another basis for comparison is the status of public education for Negroes today as compared with even 10 or 12 years ago. This approach has been used elsewhere20 and should be taken into account in any attempt to evaluate the present status of Negro educational opportunity. Schools in Urban and Rural Areas The departments of education in the 48 States do not report school statistics on a uniform urban-rural basis. Hence to make such a comparison, it is necessary to set up arbitrary definitions. All schools in communities classified as urban in the United States Census for 1940, i.e., cities and other incorporated places having 2,500 inhabitants or more, are considered urban for school statistics, although the school systems in such communities may extend into rural areas or educate pupils who are transported from rural areas. The 1940 Census classified 3,464 places as urban. Of these, 3,127 had school systems under their own jurisdictions and the remaining 337 were parts of school administrative units including both urban and rural territory, such as entire counties. Statis¬ tical reports are made directly to the U. S. Office of Education by urban areas that have city school systems. Estimates are made by the Office for the urban places that for school purposes are parts of administrative units containing some rural population. The city school statistics reported and the estimates for other cities constitute the urban statistics. These are subtracted from the data for all schools as reported by the States to derive data for rural areas. It is impossible at present to collect comprehensive rural school statistics. The method used has been resorted to for deriving estimates as bases for comparisons of schools in urban and rural areas. Enrollment In 1939-40 there were 13,309,547 pupils enrolled in public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools in urban areas and 12,123,995 in rural areas (table XXII and table 44). Although rural areas have a larger number of children of school age than urban areas, chil¬ dren in rural schools accounted for only 47.7 percent of the total enrollment. In both urban and rural areas the enrollment was about equally divided between boys and girls, with boys constitut¬ ing 50.7 percent of the total enrollment in urban areas and 51.0 percent of the total in rural areas. By grades there are striking differences, however, in urban and rural enrollments (tables 45 and 46). Few rural children have an opportunity of attending kindergarten. Of all children re- 20 See U. S. Office of Education. A Decade of Progress , op. cit. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 ported in public-school kindergartens, 89 percent in 1939-40 were enrolled in urban areas. Even those reported for rural areas lived primarily in suburban rather than distinctly rural areas. At the high-school level, children enrolled in urban schools far outnumbered those in rural schools, although the differences are steadily decreasing. None the less, in 1939-40, including children transported from rural areas, there were 3,812,488 high-school pupils enrolled in urban schools in comparison with 2,788,956 in rural schools. In contrast, the enrollment in the elementary grades in schools in rural areas almost equals that in urban areas. By States the enrollment differs sharply for urban and rural areas because of differences in the distribution of the total popu¬ lation by urban-rural residence. In 14 States, in 1939-40, more than two-thirds of all children enrolled in the public schools lived in rural areas. In contrast, in 4 States — Massachusetts, New Jer¬ sey, New York, and Rhode Island — more than 80 percent of all children enrolled lived in urban areas. Table XXII. — Comparison of urban and rural public day schools, 1939-40 Item Continental United States Urban Rural 131,699,275 74,423,702 57,245,573 15,041,289 189,062 Population 5-17 years of age, inclusive, April 1, 1940- 29,745,246 226,762 14,703,957 37,700 Number of teaching positions:1 2 * 4 _ 875,477 419,816 455,661 Men _ 194,725 86,580 108,145 Women. _ 680,752 333,236 347,516 Percent of men teachers 22.2 20.4 23.9 Total enrollment: _ _ 25,433,542 13,309,547 12,123,995 Bovs _ 12,932,417 6,747,247 6,185.170 Girls _ 12,501,125 6,562,300 5,938,825 Aggregate days attended _ 3,858,012,335 2,105,646,344 1,752,365,991 10,454,484 2.4 Average daily attendance _ _ 22,042,151 4.0 11,587,667 11.8 Average personnel to a school building: Instructional staff (supervisors, principals, and teachers) _ Number of pupils enrolled _ 111 353 63 Number of pupils enrolled per teaching position _ Average length of school term. _ _ . _ 29.1 175.0 31.7 181.7 26.6 167.6 Number attending daily for each 100 enrolled . .. . 86.7 87.1 86.2 Average number of days attended by each pupil en¬ rolled _ 151.7 158.2 144.5 Instructional staff : Number of positions _ 911,835 441,852 469,983 Total salaries _ $1,314,342,483 $863,651,088 $450,691,395 Average salary _ _ _ 1,441 1,955 959 Current expense (excluding interest) : Total amount _ _ _ _ 1,941,799,228 88.09 1,213,507,345 104.72 728,291,883 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ 69.66 Interest payments: Total amount _ _ . __ _ * 130,908,959 5.94 88,507,753 7.64 42,859,143 4.10 Per pupil in average daily attendance. _ Capital outlay: Total amount _ 4 257,973,601 11.70 132,249,323 127.096,669 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ 11.41 12.16 Total expenditure less bond and short-term loan pay¬ ments (including adult and summer schools): Total amount _ 2,344,048,927 17.80 1,449,466,924 19.48 894,582,003 Per unit of population _ 15.63 Indebtedness : Total amount _ 2,835,732,283 128.65 2,086,727,000 180.08 749,005,283 Per pupil in average daily attendance _ 71.64 Estimated value of school property: Total amount _ 7,635,112,546 300 5,390,927,351 405 2,244,185,195 Per pupil enrolled 185 1 United States Bureau of the Census. * Supervisors and principals not included when reported separately. 5 Excludes $457,937 reported by cities but not included in State reports. 4 Excludes *1,372,391 reported by cities but not included in State reports. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 The changes in enrollment brought about by the war (see p 4) had a differential effect upon urban and rural schools. While ele¬ mentary schools in urban areas had had only slight decreases in total enrollment between 1939-40 and 1941-42 and again between October 15, 1941, and October 15, 1942, 20 elementary schools in rural areas had begun to exhibit considerable decreases. For ex¬ ample, it was estimated that rural schools lost about 4 percent of their total elementary enrollment between October 15, 1941, and October 15, 1942. This was due not only to children leaving school to go to work but to their migrating with their parents to war-in¬ dustry centers. At the high-school level both urban and rural schools had begun to lose heavily in enrollment by the fall of 194321 with the losses in each case somewhat greater for boys than for girls. Attendance In terms of average daily attendance rural schools make prac¬ tically as good a showing as urban schools. Thus, in 1939-40, 86.2 percent of all children enrolled in the rural public schools were in average daily attendance in comparison with 87.1 percent of all in urban schools (table 47). When it is pointed out that the figures on average daily attendance of school children indicate far too many absences (see p. 13), it should be recognized that this is due to various factors operating to lower school attendance in urban as well as rural areas. Table XXIII. — Number of days attended per pupil enrolled in urban and rural areas , 1939-40 Number of days attended per pupil enrolled Number of States Number of days attended per pupil enrolled Number of States Urban Rural Urban Rural Total _ 48 i 42 110-119.9 _ 2 140-149.9- . . . 11 12 120-129.9. . 4 150-159.9 _ 18 13 130-139.9 . 2 5 160-169.9 _ 16 6 170 or more -_ _ 1 1 California, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, and Virginia not included. School Term In 1939-40 the average length of school term in continental United States was 181.7 days for urban areas and 167.6 days for rural areas (table 47). The differences in length of term are steadily diminishing, and yet in 39 States, 1939-40 school terms in urban areas exceeded those in rural areas. In other words, edu¬ cational opportunity is not only related to the particular State in which a child happens to be reared, but in most States to whether he lives in an urban or rural area. Length of term is directly related to number of days attended per pupil enrolled. Pupils in urban areas averaged 158.2 days in 20 U. S. Office of Education. Some Early Effects of the War Upon Public Schools, op. cit., p. 3. 21 Idem. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 school in 1939-40 as compared with 144.5 days for those in rural areas. Table XXIV. — Length of school term in urban and rural areas, 1939-40 Length of school term in days Number of States Length of school term in days Number of States Urban Rural Urban Rural Total _ 48 i 45 130-139.9 _ _ 1 160-169.9 1 12 140-149.9. _ . . 1 170-179.9 _ 31 24 150-159.9 . . 1 4 180-189.9 _ _ 14 3 190 or more... . . 1 1 Connecticut, Vermont, and Virginia not included. Instructional Staff There are more supervisors, principals, teachers, and other in¬ structional staff in rural than urban areas (table 47), although more children are enrolled in urban areas. The shortages in teach¬ ers accompanying the war have been felt in both urban and rural areas with the most significant losses reported by the largest cities and by rural areas. In 1939-40 there were approximately 442,000 teachers and other instructional staff in urban areas and 470,000 in rural areas. Pupil -Teacher Ratios In both urban and rural schools the average number of pupils per teacher has been slowly declining. By 1939-40 urban teachers had an average of 31.7 pupils and rural teachers an average of 26.6 pupils. The number of pupils per teacher was higher in urban than rural areas in all except 3 States (table 47). The wide variation in pupil-teacher ratios is indicated by the fact that among the various States the range was from 40.3 to 26.5 pupils per teacher in urban areas and from 40.5 to 15.3 pupils in rural areas. Average Annual Salaries of Instructional Staff The average salary in 1939-40 of the instructional staff in pub¬ lic schools in urban areas was $1,955 in comparison with $959 for the staff in rural areas (table 49). The averages conceal the true situation, however, as the relatively high salaries paid in a few dominantly urban States tend to raise the average for urban areas as a whole. At the same time, average salaries in urban areas in the various States range from the same as the rural to 137 percent higher than those in rural areas. That teachers’ salaries are low in rural areas, where they still averaged less than $1,000 per in¬ structional staff member in 25 States in 1939-40 and less than $1,500 in 42 States, is generally known. That they are also low in many urban areas is less well recognized. Yet instructional staff members in the urban areas of 23 States averaged less than $1,500 in the same year. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table XXV. — Average annual salary of instructional staff1 members in urban and rural areas, 1939-40 Average annual salary of instructional staff Number of States Average annual salary of instructional staff Number of States Urban Rural Urban Rural Total _ 247 346 $2,100 or more _ _ 2 $1,200-81,499 _ 14 6 $l,800-$2,099 _ 14 1 $900-81,199 . 7 14 $1,500-$1,799 _ 9 3 $600-8899 1 19 Less than $600 _ 3 1 Includes supervisors, principals, and teachers. 2 California not included. s California and Rhode Island not included. Expenditures Per Pupil Another measure of the difference in educational opportunity between urban and rural schools is the expenditure per pupil for current expense and interest. In 1939-40 urban schools in conti¬ nental United States spent $112.36 per pupil in average daily at¬ tendance in comparison with $73.76 for rural schools (table 50). A total of 19 States spent $100 or more per urban pupil, but only 12 States spent that amount per rural pupil. In fact, 5 States spent less than $50 per pupil in average daily attendance in urban schools and 9 States less than $50 per pupil in rural schools. Table XXVI. — Cost per pupil in average daily attendance1 in urban and rural areas, 1939-40 Cost per pupil in average daily attendance Number of States Cost per pupil in average daily attendance Number of States Urban Rural Urban Rural Total _ 48 48 $120 or more _ 5 6 $80-89.99 . . . 3 7 $110-119 99 7 6 $70-79 . 99 8 6 $100-109.99 _ 7 $60-69.99 _ . . 3 5 $90-99 .99 _ 8 7 $50-59.99 _ 2 2 $40-49.99 _ 5 3 Less than $40 _ _ 6 1 For current expense and interest. School Property per Pupil The estimated value of school property per pupil enrolled in 1939-40 was $405 in urban areas and $185 in rural areas. By States the average value of school property per pupil enrolled in urban areas ranged from $170 in Arkansas to $568 in Delaware. The comparable range for rural areas was even greater, from $51 in Alabama to $485 in New Jersey (table 48). STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 1. HuEber of Pupils per Building 3. Average Length of School Tern in Days 2. h'ucber of Pupils Enrolled per Teacher 4 . Kunber of Days Attended by Each Pupil Enrolled Urban Rural Length of School Tern in Days 50 100 150 200 Urban Rural Number of Iteys Attended 158.2 144.5 5. Average Salary of Instructional Staff 6. Annual Expenditure for Current Expense and Interest per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance Salary in Dollars 500 1.000 .1.500 2,000 Current Expense in Dollars Figure 7. — Comparison of urban and rural schools on 6 items, 1939-40. Educational Attainment of the Population 25 Years Old and Over in the United States: 1940 The 1940 Census statistics on years of schooling completed rep¬ resent the first complete inventory of the educational status of the entire population of the United States. The statistics relate only to persons 25 years old and over or to those who may generally be considered to have completed their formal education (table 51). The average (i.e., median) number of years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over for whom reports were obtained was 8.4, the equivalent of about half a year more than eight grades. Persons who reported less than 1 full year of formal schooling number almost 2,800,000, or 3.7 percent of the total. An additional 9.8 percent had not more than 4 years of formal school¬ ing, making a total of approximately 10,105,000, or 13.5 percent of the population with little or no formal education. This large group is ill-prepared to meet the demands of an increasingly more complex culture with its emphasis upon facility in written com¬ munication. At the other end of the education scale was almost one-fourth (24.1 percent) of the population 25 years old and over in 1940 who had at least completed high school. Ten percent of the total had completed at least 1 year of college, and 4.6 percent reported the equivalent of college graduation or more. Tables Omitted in Report Because of the necessity of keeping printing costs to a minimum, three types of incomplete tables that appeared in the biennial re¬ port for 1937-38 have been omitted from this report. The tables giving distributions by type of schools, i.e., elementary, junior high, junior-senior high, senior high, and regular and vocational 44 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 high, were omitted because many States could not report this kind of distribution, and, therefore, the national totals were not valid. The tables giving distributions by type of administrative unit, i.e., entire county, county except independent units, and other local administrative units were also omitted. Again a relatively small number of States reported such data. The third set of tables not shown are those dealing with the number of very small schools in relation to number of teachers, number of pupils, grades taught, etc. In addition, some of the detail with regard to other tables, which was not in great demand, has been omitted. Such data as are available have been compiled, however, and are available in the U. S. Office of Education. Table 1— Statistical summary of public elementary and secondary schools, 1870-1942 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1941-42 134,656,078 29,183,560 24,562,473 6,387,805 21,031,322 3,673,423,307 183,194 675,694 858,888 222,660 $7,801,417,262 $27,146,338 1,562,947,223 742,275,913 84,210,095 2,416,579,569 1939-40 131,891,632 29,805,259 25,433,542 6,601,444 22,042,151 3,858,012,335 194,725 680,752 875,477 226,762 $7,635,112,546 $23,104,293 1,490,424,784 658,983,264 88,014,704 2,260,527,045 1937-38 / 130,215,000 30,789,000 25,975,108 6,226,934 22,298,200 3,876,630,256 185,103 692,163 877,266 o o CO Tf N N r- ©© 5 2 *H »Q 1-1 a cj O S-3 « M r s; * 3 2 3 r a: « q u. ^.gjs a— “i - - -^ - - o c O ® > c a fc-o 3 -£ 3.- £ —-5 e.-c S , u § o a a « « o a o> _ ^ «•£ a<~ g-.e g-g o £ 2 S'"1 c g i.tj cS— -2 33-5 M ■M2CC<— a-a f~C g 5 s 5 ; o ® o c o a^> > H H < >..b «33 "O a ' O M 33 o^-c M OQ £ &.S-2.S c a c-a. c 03 £.£ O 4? H K n * o o Table 2. — Boards of education and administrative staff of intermediate and local basic units , by State, 1941-42 48 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 *E -3 S3 .52 ‘w CJ GO 2 a o P o gl: « »2 g «5 I 2 I (N't © r- CO 05 r»co coccooo — 05-<05.-i I S I ! 31 I "I 45.£-~TJ ■5 6 o rt 03 -e S 3 c3 rj i-SS.§ > +5 -* o — CO 05 CO 50 05 50 00 0 00 05 1^ lOCOOOcOTf 50 05 CO Tf t^05C5t-l 'ttOOHi 05 05Tf< t-050 00 50 50 50 O CO o coiOi-o« f-oooooco CO OOCCO co co >ofl) ooocor^co 1-H 50 -H 05 CO CO 50 coco 'tnOHH eoTf^'t-o ' QO 05 5— • CO 05 05 05 05 So-* 05 ^ ■s e c3 o 3.2 ® 3 O -c a .o 45 I 45 >o . s 8 B*a sH’gfcSg .2 c b SK^a 3‘S S §.» 88 111 5 8 8 5.3 > St * * * O V o o o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 » IHTf® CO 00 IIO-^OO 1-1 M iM O ooot-eo O OOlO IM 00 ifiO ■N O00co o IN 1-H (N lOifMO® 00 IN 'OlO ONNN- LO O rt< t- if •*? >-< o oo— 1 iio>o ooirc- t'- — o 00 — <_00 — ■ COIN '0105 COIN 00 COO INCiN t^ooneo co !o in tjT o-T « *-01-00 il I ~ [ 1C l> 00 a J !.§ si oa .g . 4-00 g •c-c us o £ -jj -e o cj tc giggS 152000 P^PhccccH £.2 c co ' 2 C;~ 53 - ='S"2 rfC M >'5C o £ « o EhC3»^ 0 iff ; 1; ; £ cs ! cs ! ; |o J ; d 1 c3 ' ' 'co ; g Be 1 g J« 5 ONMr)i i© «-*©© !i-h i-T cot-' t-- -* NOCOOM —< © »-ieq 05 woo 0005 -* t-" l-~ rH CO ©oo © <-< -* co © h i—i h ■*l> NTfCONKt O ION 05 05^ OrHOOCOrH © ©© rHrH £ £ b^ § b-g BM-i-36 ©©©©Tjl ©COCOTT© cot^©eoo5 t^©M<05 05 ©t-05 CO 00 05 05© ©cooor^© © b- -* © -H Hi 00 i—< o-^©t- O-HCO©© 05 © 1— 1 © O O5i-<_©_oqeo t> t- rH co ' © © © I ©o©© l-t©©© i©t-co© > rH © o © I 05 1-H CO 05©-* 05 © © © © © ©•1 ©©05 t-©Tt»-i© ©ri©©CO © © •* ©-*rHCO© ©©©©© ©©©OO •g.s g, 'ot'c M s|-s s2g m ° 5! s 23 1*2 Sea g g s § § co g •^.2 j*S,2 ? o o £43 Jimj M -PH t-> Vi <^<60 oQSoS !S ‘p,L o.&'C S-SS isj oo5 © i>© •-* in i-h i-h to IN i-i" O' ,-T IN Hfl l O r-T IN © © O' CO -i©00r-© HH1>. ©©t'.^-© Oi©t-f~© c —< © © to eo — o* © —i © i-i oo -h >- eo eo >-i «iOh © to »oco to >0 05 IN 00 O' O' © O' O* IN i-i CO tO CO co©i>© ©O'©© t- to to to to 00 IN O' 1* to eo" — i" i-i ! h in oooos 00 it toco o N Cl >0 hi H ©O<©00© hClClHO h~ © — N — ' CO O' © © OJ ©©© ©_ t> © i-H csTi-Tt^i-T in t-Tco ©©— 'O— i i—i tO © l— i— i 1-1 COCOrt 1-1 i—i oo © to tO IN © 1-HO<©0'«> d-ieoiOcD 'Cor-"tiN © © IN O' © O' t~ I to o » N CO I O' © ©^-©©CO to •o' to co co IN IN © t'- O' i O' 00 O' © tO © 00 © N O' © © O' i— * ■ NONo COCOCON© ©•0<©(N-' iNfflH© © t- •O' >-l © HOI ©IN© ©©t^ coco •saSssiS « o o a a> ei <* OQ •«<3<5 m llli z o XX o is tt.2 O O.SJC £ £ZOOO 3 3 C «r: o o® ChKcccgc-i 5 - ?.SO S-5 g tc 2 £ +2 ©.£;,» > 2 a ® o v q, a .s a ° I ® i-ieor-ico n OOOCOt^t- 00iCt>.MIN f-4 a i * ° § S-Cs'E .s d,c a> QSU® >Nect» 'to ffiMNCOtD CO i CO 00 b- c'S 2 £ a .3 13 m e > O aC’3 « S3 2 «1s d-c d & s « -2 co — i 1 *9 c <- 3 SjJ So e o'-5 >v ' ■' 0.2 3 5*c 5 o g, jj.S o.2 g -2 o Hoi o g, s | s ! 3 I c ! ® Is s § .2 o .2 « C3 b - W 2 1 i’S'M o O g.™ u 0*3 O O 3 35^(35 6qeo2 *fft J-s ?s TO TO TO • .M >« £ §*'- _. cs ti CJ ft *§e^2£ ► £ £ £ & STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 Table 5. — Instructional staff and percent of male teachers in public day schools, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 1941-42 Teachers td Percent men H 2 rNIA eo L SURVEYS OP EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Tf Tf! iO O # 00 © 00 © 00 M 1-1 ONOON ©OM©(N 03*000303 ©lOCOO© ©NtJ1tJ<© N030003W 00 00 00 © CO 0003-100^ MhOhM ^*-*03*000 -1 03 -i i-i 03 03 03 i-H Number 858,888 19,431 3,445 12,661 38,304 9,039 10,120 1,612 13,262 21,998 4,519 44,754 21,416 22,363 16,503 17,840 14,945 6,082 8,682 24,146 32,490 20,410 16,168 24,674 5,160 13,397 871 2,906 26,639 3,743 76,312 24,956 7,578 40,322 17,608 7,239 Principals 33,057 *0 CD t> h- 00 © © rH © COOC5HT* 1 COC5COCOO ©r^t^ooio i ^ ©TfO0©C5 1 CO C*rH rH I 1 1 1 1 1 ©©© -«©oo 0000! N N00M (MOO© -S<©it 192 11 45 812 442 1,340 1,347 1,173 1,576 537 ' c 0 1 6,056 110 28 13 409 68 132 21 85 85 9 280 727 322 118 141 SIT 901 161 911 1 1 1 CO IHWNN 1 IID©10 © 1 Tt< CO to O 1 1 lO 1 CO ^ 1 IH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 898,001 20,006 3,567 12,810 42,180 9,314 10,510 1,679 13,806 22,304 4,644 47,360 23,166 23,969 18,506 18,912 15,086 6,082 9,087 25,026 34,307 20,937 17,154 25,227 5,160 13,682 882 2,992 27,813 4,237 78,104 26,303 7,578 41,670 19,254 7,831 1939-40 Teachers Percent men 22.2 TJHOHO© ©rH*/5©t- IhCO/NCO© ©rHiNOO© © h- i-h © CO CO CO © © © OlONOlOl ©t^OOO-* to 1-H i/5 1>. Tj< COOtJiO© ©C1C5 00M 00©©CC© r^©Oli-i© ©CO©©© -HNININM (N 1-H eo NWHNN HrtCqiNH * 1 © li-HCO*>« rH *>• T* 1 C* • Tf CO 1 1 1 t 1 1 Supervisors 4,837 ^^D*©CO ©t^t^CO ICO 1 to CO ©*-HC^©CO © *-H CO CO lO iHh 1 © CO rH Tji T-l ICO ^ 1 rH 1 1 1 1 r i 1 1 1 1 ZZ 6ZZ fZl 1 1 © OJ rH CO 1 !©00rH(N © dt^-co » »©t^r>io CO i 1 rH t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total 911,835 19,884 3,615 13,010 42,180 9,170 10,378 1,689 13,666 23,123 4,716 48.553 23,252 23,869 18,638 20,093 14,966 6,156 9,054 25,656 34,229 21,452 16,049 26,423 5,195 14,056 899 3,006 28,151 4,334 80.553 25,827 7,361 45,267 20,613 7,919 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Continental United States.. Alabama - Arizona _ Arkansas _ California1 _ Colorado _ Connecticut _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia.. _ Idaho... _ Illinois _ Indiana _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Kentucky - Louisiana _ Maryland _ _ M assachusetts _ .. Michigan _ Minnesota _ Mississippi _ _ Missouri _ Nebraska _ Nevada . _ _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey. _ New Mexico _ New York _ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25.8 18.0 15.2 19.1 22.3 21.1 38.8 12.3 13.2 27.3 29.2 22.6 20.3 15.3 21.5 © i © CO IN N |* 't^O O'tNN CO "tfC* MTfMN 60,963 3,788 15,042 7,837 20,147 45,205 4,417 2,653 17,734 10,583 14,252 20,553 2,551 3,057 51,607 302 65 200 139 3,091 41,627 6,066 117 lOHOO 1 ©MN©CO coo©^ i ^^©ooh- oo© r-T | N 1 1 1 1 1 1,800 CO f'- f- NOO-*© »-< N 000 © COCO OO i ^ i ON «0^< i ^ ^ O i-ht-4 1 t lO to ifCCD 1 to O CO ^ I i 1-4 i(N i II i i ii i i 662 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i-h ^F5 i©0 i© 1 1 1 1 1 ! $ i 62,884 4,184 15,172 7,887 20,147 47,834 4,612 2,745 18,556 11,217 16,133 21,600 2,642 3,220 54,069 302 78 211 166 3,173 43,586 6,424 129 Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island... _ South Carolina. _ South Dakota _ Tennessee _ _ _ Texas _ _ _ Utah _ _ _ Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington _ West Virginia _ Wisconsin. . _ Wyoming _ _ District of Columbia.. _ Outlying parts of the United States.. Alaska _ American Samoa _ Canal Zone _ _ . _ Guam _ Hawaii _ _ Philippine Islands. _ _ ruerto Kico _ . Virgin Islands _ _ Data for 1937-38. J Includes teaching principals. s May include head teachers designated as principals. Table 6. — Health, attendance, transportation, and custodial employees in public day schools, by State, 1941-1942 56 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 o « a a *e I fi ■T3 O fl C--J5 itS** £ S 3.“ <30P^> 58 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table 7. — Personnel in public summer, night , part-time, and continuation schools, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part 1939-40 1941-42 Summer Part-time, con¬ tinuation, Ameri¬ canization, eve¬ ning, and adult sch ools Summer Part-time, con¬ tinuation, Ameri¬ canization, eve¬ ning, and adult schools Teachers Pupils Teachers Pupils Teachers Pupils Teachers Pupils Continental United States 4,582 143,238 42,549 2,049,839 5,469 162,116 41,070 2,452,995 Alabama- _ _ 120 3,552 1,217 34,249 139 4,573 1,168 36,299 49 2,682 15 804 72 2,692 14 155 726 36,151 911 39 448 California _ _ 54 2,275 4,493 501,414 918 22,948 2,148 880^077 Colorado _ 37 1,681 342 30,028 33 1,131 259 25,239 73 1,614 898 44,258 561 36,076 Delaware _ 30 837 142 4,536 31 762 123 4,754 Florida _ 10 142 563 22,672 15 230 493 23,234 Georgia _ 80 3,291 1,541 62,370 10 260 1,579 70,110 87 3,324 7 109 156 4,631 Illinois _ 54 865 1,732 65,410 123 3,401 907 45,763 Indiana _ 231 10,858 771 30,979 214 8,346 680 24,523 Iowa _ 80 1,519 429 28,832 21 1,126 566 36,677 23 726 380 20,887 449 15,989 Kentucky _ 17 305 533 11,779 26 556 699 16,672 601 18,968 698 31,725 169 3,606 90 3,079 Maryland.. - 121 7,003 705 26,286 120 6,494 592 19,359 Massachusetts _ — 130 3,795 2,206 53,219 48 1,026 3,063 68,765 Michigan . . . 653 22,444 1,683 62,193 1,173 36,298 1,165 71,438 Minnesota - 73 2,456 559 17,039 72 2,320 1,818 15,114 Mississippi _ _ 31 470 934 27,586 61 1,232 941 32,035 Missouri _ _ 26 1,422 722 29,135 44 817 1,021 46,250 Montana _ 76 2,062 146 2,843 Nebraska _ 3 487 256 17,785 261 24,437 Nevada _ _ 46 2,180 34 3,849 New Hampshire. - . . _ 80 1,682 47 968 New Jersey _ 225 6,688 970 40,256 230 6,499 830 27,618 New Mexico _ 7 170 90 3,269 6 246 69 2,648 New York _ 820 19,257 2,679 158,937 380 10,684 4,212 173,792 North Carolina _ 34 818 1,358 31,036 41 1,103 1,330 32,649 North Dakota _ . 118 7,839 87 3,364 Ohio _ _ _ 303 9,137 1,450 85,868 398 11,310 1,561 56,893 Oklahoma. _ 7 77 590 16,322 46 «656 543 18,251 Oregon _ _ 186 6,533 282 10,004 Pennsylvania _ 280 9,037 3,256 117,966 164 6,915 1,652 51,267 Rhode Island . _ _ 293 7,657 241 6,887 South Carolina _ 15 296 1,230 41,133 30 539 1,198 50,536 South Dakota _ 9 89 99 3,572 102 4,445 Tennessee. 698 29,957 753 42,597 Texas . . 141 2,363 2,108 92,391 279 6,067 2,332 123,261 Utah . . . 44 1,607 288 14,673 35 1,358 194 8,787 Vermont 10 178 91 1,707 78 1,663 Virginia _ 329 7,153 821 20,132 356 8,712 810 26,070 Washington _ 53 1,828 652 50,411 52 1,934 450 117,764 West Virginia 252 7,639 281 10,977 Wisconsin _ 205 8,921 2,871 127,000 132 4,845 2,999 75,317 Wyoming _ 16 474 212 4,526 11 161 77 3,621 District of Columbia . 224 9,248 297 19,703 239 8,654 342 22,538 Outlying parts of the United States 112 2,233 380 11,935 105 2,001 312 9,238 Alaska _ 577 Canal Zone _ 34 724 Hawaii 4 236 70 4,484 57 2,037 Puerto Rico _ 107 1,978 310 6,874 99 1,915 212 6,184 Virgin Islands _ 1 19 . . | 6 86 9 300 Table 8. — Enrollment by grade in public day schools for specified years STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 1941-42 24,562,473 18,174,668 6,387,805 625,783 2,930,762 2,215,100 2,175.245 2,196.732 2,166,018 2,124,494 2,060,752 1,679,782 1,927,040 1,705,746 1,450,788 *1,273,141 31,090 100.0 ®0>0®OMST(i»ffi©©NH ©t^csoocoooooooot^toioio *1940-41 25,296,138 18,582,225 6,713,913 613,213 2,991,738 2.285.614 2,263,315 2,270,749 2,211,285 2,155,538 2,099,791 1,690,982 2,034,316 1.792.615 *1,517,344 1,322.641 46,997 100.0 ^OOCCCMiOMt'-'^ONN ©>^000c:000000r^‘0‘0 '1938-39 25,704,325 19,290,136 6,414,189 600,841 3,167,803 2,409,813 2,387,970 2,362,242 2,295,060 2,214,428 2,140,420 1,711,559 *1,995,360 1,718,297 1,432,500 1,216,121 51,911 100.0 NCq05050000000<©l^«CV5Tji 1937-38 25,975,108 19,748,174 6,226,934 607,034 3,317,144 2,486,550 2,444,381 2,402,617 2,342,428 2,252,722 2,173,173 *1,722,125 1,979,379 1,669,281 1,379,398 1,150,506 48,370 100.0 «00®'fMON^!O©'fMTt'N C'.OCS00 00eDt^«0'!j<^ '1934-35 26,400,646 20,578,799 5,821,847 604,264 3,623,589 2,594,659 2,568,491 2,535,875 *2,433,216 2,303,760 2,184,553 1,730,392 1,912,549 1,580,058 1,229,295 1,034,922 65,023 100.0 Mt^oot^cooco ©acoocioicioooocct^co-'tfeo 1933-34 26,434,193 20,765,037 5,669,156 601,775 3,716,852 2,631,728 2,612,246 *2,573,010 2,433,441 2,288,051 2,187,119 1,720,815 1,855,026 1,540,254 1,209,180 1,005,375 59,321 100.0 MOO©NNNW®OCO®OON N'<»lO®®©00®«t'iO^M '1932-33 26,354,817 20,950,229 5,404,588 649,001 3,826,112 2,704,053 *2,637,885 2,581,054 2,448,002 2,282,982 2,119,972 1.701,168 1,816,317 1,463,793 1,137,967 938,580 47,931 100.0 kOi©* ^ © 00 © © ©CO ©COM ■**©00©© ©■<*.-< ©'*t'^© - 1 ©-<© coco ©©-<©© ©J5 t*M_C- m' ©' o' © *-< 00 00"*MM M CO— '© ^-^©©00 CO >-< ■— 1 © 00 ©©©,-!© isss 'CO© © 'f ** t' © M M ■<* O-' — M'* GO © © M © ooM^oqoqco — ' oo © © © 00 © GO -< M ■<* 00M'*©'* ©-*©©© © O © ©^ —i © CO ©' © © ©c-©t~ — © CC-* CO H©_ m' ©* •<* CO ■>* 1-1 M ■>* M'COeo© ONffl'T© © t-> M © © M©00©t* t~t^O©© 00 M © M © ^com ©M© ©t^o '*0©; -*©©5 ©o© 'M'fOOO )©00 00© I © CO © © ©© t»© M *-c.s3 c C o § ~ §-3 « 1,-oQl Hill fl.2 e I'd 511 8.9 & £ cl CC 0> mi *<<500 l-H O c ®.g ci i.gg ® ’3 a 3 g H5hh> Table 10. — Original entries, by age, by State, 1941-42 62 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Sc * 20 years or more 4,586 562 169 696 2,000 33 1,060 66 508 :S 1 1 1 : 19 years 20,287 664 579 175 3,476 557 2,963 8,121 209 2,838 705 878 t^OOiN 18 years 62,905 <01005<35C 00 00 »d *H ,-H CO 00 rH 7,583 2,932 4,556 95 16 years 286,888 6,429 18,308 2,536 36,825 15,174 51,721 7,911 98,450 10,990 31,243 7,301 12,529 4,167 8,249 113 15 years 334,410 8,038 24,773 3,222 47,255 22,070 61,047 9,490 99,658 11,112 39,410 8,335 20,202 6,864 13,122 216 14 years 363,893 9,265 24,918 3,704 57,652 26,796 62,916 10,732 100,536 11,093 47,791 8,490 27,610 7,671 19,654 285 13 years 370,755 9,694 23,618 3,729 61,753 26,823 57,927 11,291 104,450 11,444 52,001 8,025 36,099 8,018 27,737 344 12 years 374,880 9,871 21,804 3,733 63,680 25,791 55,898 11,424 111,476 11,223 52,370 7,610 36,735 7,953 28,438 344 11 years 376,945 10,366 21,900 3,941 64,256 26,062 54,468 11,668 111,437 12,074 53,024 7,749 43,262 7,906 34,990 366 10 years 373,836 HNoooffl <0 00 .‘io*t;N‘ “5 © — CO r-< — 05?5 ©05 — *®© CO rf O *C CO C5 rf 05^0 05_ C^X*C *® *® CO IO IO CO 00 hNM rf CO — ©rf © CO_CO_o_ wnoco r CO* — * 05 CO CO* t*‘ — ' *® — * •O'* O* *®‘ — * CO* t* 05* C5* CO* — ' rf CO — X © t* *® i® i® 05 CO — rf t* e® X — rf cooifleo CO © CO CO 05 X X — CO ©i® — — i® to© — i®co eoo5c®i®t* rf©i®C0 — CO — 00 COrf X — rf t* i® i® 05 CO oomoo® CO O 00 05 05 050coi ®© 10 05 05 rf 00 — t*C0t*i® ©Xrfl®CO CDeOrfrfC® O5 — O5C0CO rf O rf CO ©rft*X05 GOinCOCOrf ocooooooo rf CD 00 t* 00 © l® X rf X rf l® 05 05 05 © — rf ©rf — CO O © *® t* rf 05 05 t* 05 rf rf 05 — — 05 ©CO 05 i® CO , 1® t* CO CO r t* i® i® CO c — 05 05 00005 10 00 — rf lO — CO C0_05_ — GC_G0_ 05 *® © t* CO © rf © 05 X 05 05 rf rf 05 CO 05 CO CO 05 CO iO t* 00 COO 05 rf — * CO* 05* X rf* O — rf o rf — —CO X 00 t* rf 00 hOiGCifl 05 t* rf t* 05 i® X i® *® 05 ©COXCOrf COO rf 05 05 5 COt* 05 t* 5 rf CO 05 X > 10 05 05 t* - jZ- : a-s o -Jg ; : ; «|si1 | I-s*lo •£SS£.2 eJS’C o-S «'E"2oo co = Ss <. O PQ 7,678 28,082 260,032 55,910 780,783 349,892 54,157 436,020 244,943 64.635 667,292 43.471 199,305 51,052 276,986 511,519 47,944 26.471 231,846 116,905 186,821 194,720 20.636 35,850 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Nevada _ New Hampshire _ _ _ New Jersey . _ New Mexico2 _ _ New York. - - - North Carolina2 _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio _ . . . . . . Oklahoma _ Oregon2 _ Pennsylvania - Rhode Island _ _ South Carolina _ South Dakota - - . . . . . Tennessee _ _ Texas - - - . - Utah _ Vermont. _ . - Virginia _ _ . — Washington . _ West Virginia _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ _ . . . Wyoming _ District of Columbia _ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 NSO 22 05 S3 ©coo (NO h- TfC O© t~ CO ecrt< cooo ©© COO©© ©CMrf© ^hco»© r- © r- 1~- b- i *• 9 0 S c3c c» a> _ 0 -J w a s: «s.2^ - ml i-c o c a>.2 =3 .g«3 :s S| s JS§3 Jl§£ «1«JOO W(^0c> ■■21 % >) 43 JO 55.2 ffS aO 66 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 S | is : SE3S ii i 1 a i | ! 5 s ; ; 102,165 6,661 15,459 8,267 19,465 62,812 9,538 2,713 21,216 22,661 17,017 34,414 3,322 4,953 21,852 292 233 20 3,666 15,049 2,532 60 122,723 6,262 18,767 9,063 23,092 79,110 10,273 3,161 25,444 24,546 19,900 37,741 3,792 5,443 27,619 350 276 34 4,537 18,979 3,364 79 151,691 8,130 22,760 9,872 29,177 92,012 11,314 3,515 30,974 26,797 24,375 41,969 4,164 7,156 35,053 406 266 51 5,453 24,004 4,782 91 169,372 9,468 29.814 10,589 36,349 105,593 11,791 4,076 36.815 29,016 30,490 45,087 4,653 7,480 46,377 d 265 61 7,140 32,472 5,799 132 SSSS8 8Bg?§ 8 3 SPSS'S gsssgs sss S g pil |||! 167,713 10,191 '”12,051 47,477 8,829 11,415 5,434 6,993 27,808 34,999 43,014 4,375 7,497 23,509 Fs8 jf|S 171,938 9,303 35,348 12,152 53,017 112,759 11,391 5,851 48,206 27,477 38,821 43,785 4,677 7,979 92,364 493 147 726 75 8,688 66 356 15,596 283 ini inn p i § SMS |||i 162,155 9,855 48,571 11,945 61,605 124,735 11,442 6,421 58,608 26,810 45,426 42,721 4,827 7,737 159,717 534 274 680 418 9,143 123,209 25,044 415 158,257 10,011 54,558 12,168 66,032 131,108 11,835 6,489 63,171 26,899 47,066 43,026 4,986 7,641 259,263 604 377 691 574 9,043 216,484 31,031 459 152,438 9,833 57,588 12,175 71,021 134,527 11,680 6,508 63,878 27,033 45,655 42,624 4,991 7,624 383,797 sISI ||p pill IPH IP * | ' 645 518 693 612 8,960 454,227 54,299 453 148,405] 10,205 95,508 12,139 114,166 217,088 11,641 7,289 92,785 29,477 58,430 45,965 5,664 9,808 652,631 754 635 714 1,764 8,340 577,449 62,456 519 §§s§ i sliig IIS | 8 am | i ; i i : i : : : i 1,305,829 83,640 394,950 98,441 540,048 987,489 93,392 51,172 453,682 225,699 361,039 376,125 39,917 70,897 2,211,093 4,788 2,797 5,648 4,525 70,311 1,850,213 269,621 3,190 1,851,780 114,161 481,750 136,447 648.131 1,328,822 136,519 64,911 568.131 331,409 452,821 535,880 56,199 96,170 2,342,818 6,312 2,864 6,688 4,691 91,821 1,940,792 286,098 3,552 Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . South Carolina.. _ . South Dakota . Utah.. . Vermont... . . Virginia . Washington . West Virginia . Wisconsin . . . . Wyoming.. . District of Columbia . Outlying parts of the United States. Alaska . . . American Samoa . . Canal Zone . Guam . Hawaii . . . Philippine Islands _ _ Puerto Rico . . Virgin Islands... . . Table 13. — Enrollment by grade in public day schools , by State,1 1941-42 68 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Post¬ graduate 1 j To ; 107 246 60 1,150 1,523 427 1,191 1,212 273 68 1,725 2,000 1,171 109 157 536 33 6,890 Fourth year 1,273,141 17,469 DHOMM OOONCDie (CN-HTfO N0>^0>N <0 1—1,0® CNOinO OOiOCOt-h-i CC JJOlN® CO OS © ■** NONinte HONU3H s-ss- s-sss sfaarf55 econdary school pupil; U Hi Pin Hill Pill IIP! iWI is P 2|S?S KSSSSg oSSSS SSSS&S gSSSS 3s‘52 a»SS5 3S5S5 E5SSS SS353 5535S II !* -in pip ill inis iisi mi 1 y 23.65U 72,389 359,681 54,932 79,198 11,328 81,582 129,068 33,729 351,093 193,670 133,885 105,636 96,357 102,033 38,088 69,566 202,973 240,478 143,232 71,813 169,971 30,035 79,375 6,155 20,746 205,691 24,085 693,167 Eighth grade SI 8,299 32,889 95,072 17,763 22,676 3,418 29,491 4,116 10,088 100,741 55.107 38,839 31.107 45,826 12,724 11,076 56,362 75,017 42,068 34,121 46,692 8,600 20,506 1,993 6,236 55,575 8,968 171,009 Seventh grade 2,060,752 55,429 mi si! in sin bp! mil Sixth grade 2,124,494 64,003 9,911 40,133 95,226 18,795 22,218 3,896 33,502 61,137 10,318 104,106 57.902 40,399 30.903 57,826 41,735 13,527 27,236 55,530 75,179 41,558 45,693 56,666 8,905 21,070 2,086 6,364 56,443 11,074 174,505 1 I I Fifth grade 2,166,018 67,975 10.677 43.650 95,637 18,917 21.677 3,924 35,048 71,428 10,644 98,290 58,496 40,218 30,518 48,966 46,269 14,059 28,300 55.650 74,574 41,642 49,848 67,797 8,921 21,104 2,013 6,169 55,169 12,138 169,551 Fourth grade 2,196,732 71,980 11,075 46,169 95,628 18,792 20,790 3,852 35,934 79,498 10,323 95,816 56,969 39,749 31,150 62,205 49,294 13,929 27,809 53,503 72,879 41,397 61,123 64,084 8,693 20,345 2,012 6,319 52,228 12,819 163,122 1 1 Third grade 2,175,245 73,145 11,534 46,240 95,737 18,514 19,893 3,735 35,009 81,850 10,403 91,886 55,707 39,399 30,921 61,431 50,154 13.309 28,486 49,582 71,339 40,526 62.310 64,637 8,555 20,408 2,066 6,104 49,556 13,080 157,674 1 1 Second grade 2,215,100 75,442 mi phi inn mu ipi m First grade 2,930,762 115,233 Sil PIS III! Hi! ill- mi 1! s i 5 p FI j Ilf mu | p| Sspl 1 P 92,780 368,717 866,169 159,090 187,610 31,177 287,454 584,026 85,092 845,677 475,478 357,049 257,176 478,750 359,802 119,973 217,408 454,001 673,727 353,794 521,615 524,808 72,871 177,819 17,838 51,769 472,937 107,262 1,433,026 1 24,562,473 666,738 116,430 441.106 1,225,850 214,022 266,808 42,505 369,036 713,094 118,821 1,196,770 669,148 490,934 362,812 575.107 461,835 158,061 286.974 656.974 914,205 497,026 593,428 694,779 102,906 257,194 23,993 72,515 678,628 131,347 2,126,193 State, District of Columbia or outlying part Continental United States. Alabama . Arizona . . Arkansas. . California . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware . Florida . Georgia... . Idaho . Illinois Indiana Iowa . Kansas* . Kentucky . Louisiana . . Maine. . Maryland . . Massachusetts . Michigan . Minnesota. . Mississippi. . Missouri . Montana.. . Nebraska _ _ Nevada _ New Hampshire.... New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York.. . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS I >0 157 772 122 1,177 166 1,393 81 ms ! § 2 1 \n : isiii sslss slSls Sss 1 S'-'SS'S g»s‘“S" S'S” ■*' in 341 229 1,949 2,845 60 PUS PPi SSlII IP ! 1 = lips ill PPI PH IP 6 3 400 248 4,288 4,494 99 64,406 9,504 103,385 37,989 15,986 158,067 8,852 29,147 9,565 36,258 103,418 11,162 3,835 39,620 28,527 31,298 41,980 4,390 7,211 I 499 573 6,561 5,649 140 205,447 32,549 350,372 127,148 57,555 524,668 29,738 86,405 35,436 109,706 342,259 39,327 13,020 121,375 101,634 96.288 149,655 15.288 24,570 1 1,648 1,318 15,799 16,418 366 10 11 111 Pi mu II! 1 I 544 577 7,513 14,537 137 IP Pill PI IP 1 1 620 644 8,026 16,483 246 78,167 12,683 98,791 45,211 16,088 154,668 9,038 42,854 11,665 55,928 119,131 11,631 5,693 52,062 28,538 42,273 40,267 4,817 7,143 I 634 674 8,488 19,447 343 ill PHI Pi IP s 1 683 747 8,497 28,511 415 46,618 15,880 141,070 90,003 52,843 11,740 65,721 122,786 11,183 5,843 62,143 28,142 43,451 38,851 4,719 7,799 I 722 701 8,435 38,966 465 95,373 12,130 94,809 46,400 14,691 134,272 8,841 54,880 11,104 68,166 121,289 10,991 5,955 I IP l 8 £ 740 712 7,833 45,349 492 100,606 12,332 96,782 45,741 15,800 135,972 8,027 58,579 11,331 68,437 112,371 11,733 6,170 II IP S « IS 780 894 7,758 47,698 495 139 506 13,564 1US.U8D 63,230 17,841 146,169 9,557 92,645 12,287 106,857 185,285 12,609 6,844 82,666 33,460 57,281 43,236 5,926 9,614 I 937 853 7,689 65,349 655 |fe{ p P*s j SPSS 1 2 s ; ; j ; 666,318! 100,654 818, 383,116 131,911 1,210,174 76,208 388,805 94,244 526,030 961,064 95 305 47,491 435,002 241,487 347,049 343,775 40,423 71,950 § * 5,854 5,802 64,239 276,340 3,248 871,765 133,203 1,10-1,101* 510,264 189,466 1,734,842 105,946 475,210 129,680 635,736 1,303,323 134,632 60,511 B 151 5 1 7,502 7,120 80,038 292,758 3,614 North Carolina . North Dakota . unio . . . Oklahoma . Oregon . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . South Carolina . South Dakota . Tennessee . Utah!""!"""" Vermont . Virginia.. . West Virginia . Wisconsin . District of Columbia °g&VS£Sl States.. Alaska . Canal Zone. . Hawaii... . Puerto Rico . Virgin Islands . Table 14. — Number , sex, and age of high-school graduates, 1941-42, and number of high-school graduates, 1939-40, by State 70 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS Estimated from other data. 72 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table 15. — Ratio of enrollment in public day schools to school population , by State, 1930-1942 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Ratio of pupils enrolled to population 5-17 of age, inclusive 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 Continental United States.. 0.813 0.853 0.842 .762 .852 .839 .886 .848 .840 .815 .870 .852 .938 .959 .940 .922 .875 .862 .793 .807 .828 .735 .808 .793 Florida _ _ .915 .866 .836 .797 .881 .882 .951 .937 .964 .789 .804 .787 .852 .904 .889 .902 .910 .905 .905 .937 .922 .781 .795 .782 .717 .763 .765 .789 .823 .810 .689 .728 .704 .760 .786 .769 .812 .830 .774 .840 .829 .819 .971 .972 .950 .763 .862 .866 Montana _ _ _ _ _ .853 .850 .832 Nebraska .909 .914 .908 Nevada _ .949 1.004 .960 New Hampshire _ .680 .722 .714 New Jersey _ .804 .852 .846 New Mexico _ . .802 .867 .865 New York _ .767 .860 .909 North Carolina _ _ _ .841 .863 .862 North Dakota _ .830 .836 .825 Ohio _ _ . _ .799 .843 .828 Oklahoma _ _ 1 _ _ .982 1.012 .895 Oregon _ _ .946 .908 .895 • Pennsylvania _ . . _ .760 .822 .794 Rhode Island _ _ . . . .. _ .699 .758 .764 South Carolina _ _ _ _ .862 .857 .849 South Dakota.. ... _ _.... .847 .861 .852 Tennessee _ .835 .856 .842 Texas _ .804 .828 .809 Utah... _ _ _ .898 .917 .894 Vermont _ .753 .792 .770 Virginia _ .786 .822 .855 Washington _ _ .666 .986 .944 West Virginia _ .760 .863 .852 Wisconsin _ .758 .764 .717 Wyoming _ _ .943 .971 .941 District of Columbia _ . .919 .907 .888 Outlying parts of the United States .366 .388 .513 Alaska _ .384 .369 American Samoa _ * _ .625 .989 Canal Zone _ .802 .895 .917 Guam _ .710 .622 Hawaii _ .640 .770 .727 Philippine Islands _ _ .348 .368 Puerto Rico _ .417 .478 .472 Virgin Islands _ . .567 .559 .553 Table 16. — Length of school term and school attendance in public day schools, by State, 1871-1942 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 Percent of pupils enrolled attending daily 85.6 ddt^dx coeciodeo t^©dd~* Mtodooo — ^ © x co-*©t~. o> r3 Jsa eg 5 o-o a Q. O, O 35 •>*031^03 03 >U5t>. MONMO >00 i-HCOOO s;!a3 -0^2 -jt-cooec cc <■* £ r u a to •- '•3 | •o >> 4)03 ° 0-0 c c M £ 4). 9 £ CO -o 4)03 a 2 ■*» a « 03000303 i— I CO fO O )-<00 ©t^OOOO 03 00 O- 00 00 0300 §©3«i •drs 4) o, 4) 0"2 O-rt sjS*J > £ * rt I ^SK* -0^2 >OOOOTf<00 I00300e0^ KJ T# CO .-H t- TJCIOOOOOO ^ c co — i 43 ^03 03©C0 eOt-cCOCO COOOOW O3Q0O3O3t- rHCOb- 00 030^4^10 CCt-03C*303 NCCOiON 0 1C • ooooo OOJOtfO OOriCOOkO 3 © to CO '00-# 03CCO .2 «* .9 £ Q.2 . o 20 rt v« s>° .*8 rt *9 o -OE^£>< £ -2 •2 o OQ g-isrsg •tHoQ 1 on tit. 23 11 l-Slfg S’rt "ill, fcZfcZIz; ^JZiOOO £££ m d bb >11 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 MO too ©■<3< ©23 tJUO 1«00 gs aS © v 8 ** 9 9 .* oS J 05 « g§ gSJ ~ g s .£«» '3 cl 3 c s'a 03 .fl 3.53 «oo ksuoh> § • • o 00 ffliy 00 J3 00 -* •£ ©©'g ii's e4 ei 3 » QQh Table 17. — Number of buildings and schools , and transportation data, by State, 1941-42 1 76 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 ©-i-*©© - 00 .-i © ■<* N l> M©M©t» © © © °t35 ©i> ^ © © © w © © co © ■<* c> t- ©t~-<*©© >-i©rHTt S ftfi < o cs ^o©ot~ * ft^ 3% 3 o, .„+» -a s 42 « a SP 3 c q.^2 So-So H — © © © © O N N N lO — -J* iM l> ©|>©rj<^ -tfOCOcOIN n © Tf © t— IN 00 © tj© ©-<©■#©© MN ©§"g2 ©©© «t-© -# 00 © CO N <-h .-t N ^ i ©©O© ©■#©©0 N © © © © ©' ©' O' -# ©' b- © © N ©©©«© N © © 00 00 ©©©-#© o-S g £ o>3 g|2| g*§ 4-g £ 3 § « b»©©-i© .- © -# © © >b»© ©oo©r-N -#©-#-#© ©©©. © g b III! I§!” 00©Nt#© N—l00©r-< ©©■#00© t^00O-i© © — ©©© — ©N© NHNif© CIN»©© ©OO-iOO-i ©‘ oo ©' ©©©©—I 00-#OC-© ©h©hC5 NW^ifN ■^^©IN© l-©l^N© ~-t-©o- NNNMt © IN © © C — n -# n © t~©©ao© «©©t-t^ ©©-#-#•«# © M © © IN © •-< ©©©< CIMOh© NNHM» -# © N t" I «■€ 8 - £ » £■ 3 3 fc. 3 m o & ,©0'#N > Tfl ©CVl © 5©©©© -^©©t-© ©ONIN© -#©©©© © © N © © -h © © » ©-©O'-# ©IN-#©© •#©-#b-_"# INt-ftHO oo©'© nV <-*'—'© 1 ’ll O a o.| "Sjj -5 3 .2 o Q k M o $ $ GO « » e ge •O N •So El •3^ .2 45 cj c4 e4 5 2 S % ■O M o 2.1 c3 .S-3 ^ I "Si i J § ' J’ft r! ? "o Q*' |t>i jl||1 i-is»3 ^|iss §1311 Hill Jllll oQSoS SESSiz; fczssfc © — — c > S’3 2 M 4,018 | 4,569 | 848 I 3.4 I ’ 333,250 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS t.NO’fW ^idONO 00 Cl CO ciooN© enc^t^oob- oo in m oo m ion — i o NQ0CN© 00 iO 00 if CO O if < lONNOO OHOlOM »»ON» »n in eo* ii 'ooc>if a ?! z * cot- — rnMcn — cp t- o^jooco "* OOCCCOt- ©m mnSno 05 00 SSS55S coN®eoo lOOOiOMC MCOOSCC en"* — iO( "*©iO OO'O"-!' — "** "**' MhN OOMM C*5 "*M — 00 CdOm — ©lOOO — CO 00 ©_CO t-" — CDt-CO 05 NWN CO oooiq^'N C5*'**M*'-'©* — m eo co -CO 00 05^ 00* 05* — M05 05 — HOMCO o^io_r coeoeo — — — COIN"*--' eocC"*Mt- o — coeoeo m "*eoeom 00 00 CO 05 05 t-MiO"*m — eooomeo "* — M"* — 05 00"* — "* — m oot-eo m"*m — m m c eo © co "*MOS"*t- >eomo5"* ONO — mo 05"*enooco 05 05 00m — o 05CC05 05 coeoooeo en in oo in — t-m — OOt-M — "* 05 — — t- eo coco m oo o co* en* 05 — * o COCC5 OS- OS en 00 05 — eot-C5"*oo moO"*t-"* comm — © os* "* m* os* © 05 05 05 CO"* eneno5cO"* m — "* eo c mocoosc — enoen- men "* — m NCOOSiOO o "* — — 05 o* com*"** m ON- "*00 "*05CsenM_ om*M*odm* enm"*MM > — OMOO 5 O M 00 05 scomt-m iO"*iO"* — 00 000 — 05 © — moo© H & •NON i ososen 1 00 COO * 00* CO* M* s — oen lent- co rm*m co o "* — en eoMcO"*co WCiOCCN "*mm"*M en* t-‘ en t-‘ "* t- — Men co m cot- in oo § g o S Ilfl « 3.S.C P"**-1 CJ "*00 00"* 00 NOOOONCO — "* en "* t- — — , m © M t— 00 00 ent-eoM"* mooqt- — M t— CO 00 — * co oo com "* mo — "* — C 00 mm en CO T* co-* — M "*"* — "*00t-"* en m m — m ooenoO"*M imt- ICOO i cm I com* .men t-ent-en moomen com men "**©C0 05 "*M — o t-MOen ■gs ■a 2 fit « o u G 'iOCOCCMN >©t^ m© r o* m* co* — 1M00 00 C5 ■ O t— t— "* I "*t- ) m — < mt- 05 0 cooo c — >m m "* >mo0"* ^m — "* lio’iON 'enoOM [ m_ oo en > t- o* t-* s "* en m oom 0 05 eno* enen — en oo* co* -en- os oo eno — com 0*ifJ"* enenm co — oo m*"*oo "*"*oent- c m en m co t- cp en t- — M*oo*en*odm* — 05 — en Mooenoo ososoomo coco© — oq 00*00* m*t-*t> — "f — CO 05 — menti¬ on— *en©M "* — m"*M 1 1 ip ca o all si-s-S es— 5 S cfi-r c isx § 111 11 S 3 S Si .5 5 a>iou is®1* OQ a .njs ij: § > is * st Ss 00^3^ £ oQEoS SnS^ttW ^i^ooo STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 o I Q Table 19. — Balance on hand from school year, 1940-41, and receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands, by State, 1941-42 80 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 3.2 > t> ^ >©N I n N >-^00 'COM >t^t- *N*eO* IN © ©oo conoo ©r-co eo N oo Sffloooo eo< oo ©-hcon-^ cq tTN ^iq --H <©■ —5 ©* oo’ oo’ N* .-<* t-‘t t- moiooiTf eo < T)i MOhNh © © >-1 CO CO CO oo IN © iCCI © © N Tf © 000(0(0 Wrf 00*0 CO 05*00 N*50 ©©.-500 -5 CO NCOO NOOCOt- t-oot-eo cq 05 in cq CO* N* ©* CO* ©©N-5 ©© § o o O ss 88 eOt-H N©t--5*<00 eoeo©coco COMONN 05 t>T ©* N* CO* 05 10 TfN © HNHCOOO © t)5 © t-©N t-r-cq HNOO -n>eo >-7 1*1$ ,2 a 2© c5 ffl-a 8 t-©©©*-5 GO © © TJ5 T}5 N © © © © ©TfNNN i-N©5-<_eo eo* ©* ©* ©* ©* eo* ©* -t* -f ©* CON©HN ■^■©OO’trji cocoN^t- ooeooooo-H N* ©* ■<** N* -5J5* ©' 00* r-* r-5* 05 CON 50 oowt^coos N*-5 ©00© 5-5 CO©t-t- id -5' 00 CO N OO 00 © t-©©©»H ©©©NN © t— »— ' 00 i-©r-©05 C5©_©_©_»q l— ,-5 HN ©* ©*©*©* 50nT 00 CO 5-5 N CO N © © — O -5f © © 5-5 00 TJ5C0.-I©© if ill Q 2 Q ,2‘E Mol! 0. >. o a wz* i C ® 5 1. 0(3 .£^3 £ ” ** ■3 8S.Si .£. g-2 iww 3S2SS SSSSiz; •Sw^EiS > 5f 5f 5f 5f C? O G,) & 4) STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 OOt'.'O — OO TJ|( OOO^'J'O ©< V- dr-i MNWOlOO niO'tHio MCMCOt' con- COC >-i 05 CO (M COOOtOtNN ©c NOfflt oo os -r ©' cd *-T oo ©' oo’ ©’ " ■>* — CO CO HNSNCl >©©CMCM ©HttCMt^CO HMN»N © rl< © © 00 N.©C5CO© NO«l ph ©COC p-p-C^C OM?M©2cO © to 00N5 00 00 0*00* CO 05* CM © Hf © Hf rococo (NO OO®H00 nonno mo©©h* ©’ o* co* ■>** in 8S388. ^HTjl'OO* 8 :s CO in OSHTfH H 00 05TrcnoO O p- 00 TP CO N-_ © «o'n©© 'NO '©CO >©©< l©©< pHi^©©t^ hp©tpo© ©MN©C0 © ph © © 00 NNpO© ©Tpr^©np oo ootpoo eocr-trcMt^ ©ShHCOOO tpoocooco ©CM CO©© ©©©CM CO t O CM © PHH00 ©eo©p< 00©Hf©' 5 CM CM CO CM CO S 2 8j S’! o g cj.2 t m 2 1 g « ct ' * « a S SoS«2fe M*r £?S *0 o3 gj w 5 .2 £>#^3 G ,S'C ti'cSTS o §pS 12 ^ c3 o OvS *2*2^3 £ g id *2 ® a? oQSoS 222WW SSSSs SfcfcSS ■5 c “It SJ OD . * W i g J-S^j I 2 L fl) 5? os43 > £ £ £ & - e o STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 88 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 oooooo Nonoio — N© — CO O ©' 00* O N CO— I 05 00 00 ©©Tf 00© COOONCO — ©©t~©r^ CO t- © N © ©£ o co co ©* n* ©©©© CihiOCI ©t-00© © co’ CC ©* 00 IN©© 00 Tf ©00 00 ©IN © ©t^OO ©© — iTf ( eo©oo — n- ©oo©_ — Tf Tfedeocot-T OOCO^IN© © — — ©t» Tf N N © © Tf — lO-f W©0< Tf Tf co*Tf*co*oo*N* coo© — © ©Tf N 00 coooo — I N © CON© ©*©*©* CO Tf t>. ©o©eo-^ ©N — t~© e® Tf ©ootr. ©N* ©CO*—* fNl'NO f*©©OCO — © — CO© © — N- Tf N “^.t* 00© — ’ N ©’ t-’ CO* eo©oo— i© ©N©© — ©*N ©*— * HNS >©t^ I©© — i © n- © ON Tf© N "f — N ©IN t^©C0©© OONNNN OO©00 — 00 © © 00 N Cs_© t> N C© ©_©^©N- 00_ ONN't-*©* ©00© Tf© >©oo eo©r-eoN i — co in n« ©•^ < ON Tf ©N IN*— i* © Tf © © Tf Tf c©Tf CO N Tf c© to CO N tr_©_© N- IN* Tf* CO* — * od ©©©Tf — Tf Tf N Tf 00 — ©CONN Tf © © © © KilONif© N © l'- ©OOO N_NO ©’©©* 00 Tf Tf 00 Tf© — N* N CO Tf ©_ — * ©* Tf N* t-» t"- — © CO ©NO©© eot^©N — ©*N*eo“©*o* t~N©©Tf ©CO Tf CO 00 00 Tf ©©Tf ©©©00N Tf ©,— ©Tf © © CON © Tf ©©N — N© — t-Tf « Tf — © ©’ © Tf |> ©co© Tf ©©N © ■N ©Tf — 00© )© TfN — TfCO <©_ N ©^l> ©_ r© CO* N* Tf* CO* O* : N- © © CO — Tf 'Tf 00©©t^© r _r tjT — n* 00© Tf 00 ©©Tf Tf ©ON ©_ N* Tf © Tf" CO — © © — Tf Tf N N*©* — 5© Tf Tf Table 24. — Current expense for general control and instruction, by State, 1941-42 90 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 111 da S « 05 04 ^ « co oo © ^ © © 04~ 04 '^00(N»h :s sj > !>• CO 40 O 00 05 ^0hooo IC»HOOCO»0 © 04 CO CO *-« t"» 05 o I0NCX3ON OO CfiffiHO > O 04 04 NOihOO 05 o 00 CO 04 ^ o" s? s s -r «r W®050»H to ec os S : ««!«■» NONfH 05^05! iCOMiO «0!C0^ t— XOONr- OOOMON OO®! wWrt wo'tiON i-TosoTi - nrHOCO® «005f-. - - >NM — ( U5 CM « t» N®l *o_ -2 .8.8 g as 65 2 - Eh g-S.S 004 10 5 CO 05 O CO GO 4 &j*8 D. « 1; ’IS 2 8. Ef* ^ CO c CO CO < © © < OO CO 04 OO 05 40 O CO I>- **0O 04* 05 ^ CO 05 05 ^ © © ^ ^ 40 oo” © 40 oSo4 I © !S§ - II .j&S St ST.i 40 04 HC4 N 40 CO CO OO Tt< 04 CO CO 05 GO lOO^NW |J| 5 r^. o 0 04 05NI 5 ^ 04 CO 05 40 05 1 ^ *-H 04 40 05 CO CO O GO 04 © 05 *— < ©©©t^© 00 CO ©04 00 l>^^-C00505 NOOI04C C0C004CD© © 04 © © OO O0 © OO *-» 40 00-^00 00 CO © 40 CO CO • 00 CO © © < © CO CO 04 > CO © © ■SS10 8S8S2 S' 5 i hi a 04 © CO oo OO © © © © CO 04 — < CO © oo ^ 00 04 ©t"~ © 04 © © CO © © © © © ©NrHCO(N © © © © © © r»o4 eo © 00 GO ©40 ^ 04 © © CO ^ OO © 04 CO ©^©00 04^ ^ © © 00 oo CO 04 © © oo c © GO C © © c oo © © © © CO 04 »—< *— < i-> JCOOOCO ) oo © © 1^05 CO ^ ”-^40© © ^ GO CO © 04 ^ © © © © 00 © © OO^Ht>.^tN. © © 04 t>- © © © 0004 t^©CO©00 — S83 1! ^ © I © © < ©CO^^H© ^ t**» © © t'* t— 04 oo © ^ 04 CO 05 © 04 04 © © 1 1I © r>» S © © 04 © © CO t^© © © © *-H 4— I CO GO i'-H © © Tf4 05© CO 00-^0 ©CO ©©C0C004 © © CO *-« Tf« © ©00 *-< CO © CO 04 I’f .2 aj o g <15 O S*s Y 04 CO CO ^ c ^ © © © © CO 1-H © oo r^- •<* ^ hcjT <^r © © ©1-1 J 00 04 © 00 I © © 04 © l CO ©CD CO 04 CO tc « u. u "O © min MG C 3 £ ) 04 © 00 © © © ©^HlfNCO © © 04 -h i-» th^OJN© « 04 ^ 04 l>* © © 1— ■ © CO 04 t'» 04 © COt^OOCO© 04 04 OO CO © ©04 04 ©40 OO CO 04 © CO t''- © © < CO CO OO © t''- . © oot^ c 04 1—1 CO T-H 31 .2 -2? -*5 D 2S g« b55 sS e* Wb 9 II .S 05 IN _ § J-C fc-fl Soils JHi I § s S ■ «« « a !.i§Bg Ij.igl a 8‘ _ •fw^stS > if S ^ s ® ® ® ® ® zzzzz STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1 if I§ Is 3 Table 25. — Current expense for operation, maintenance, and auxiliary services, by State, 1941-42 92 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 83,474 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS water and power.” J Data for Table 26. — Current expense for fixed charges, total current expense, and capital outlay, by State, 1941-42 94 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 $ § 5 S -as t!5 0.„ r •2 3.9 3 ' © rf Tj*r^*o — IN Tj< © -f © CO — ecu* — o ©INt*©© oeot^ rf — ©•©’--©’ 05 IN *0 00*0 01 CO 00 00 b« © o b~ *o 00© o’ 01 ® b.© CNN C0IN-*JI t~® ©®® t- © © © ® © O O IN — *o' ©* ©* o b*«© — — © - a ,-S 3*331 H c PB o — co — © 01©0©b. ©®b- — b» b-’lNb.’©"®* IN IN ■tfioeo © — © O ® © ■<* 05 05 05 1- eo oi © oifeiqeo — oo— "cot^r ©■tf — ®t^ ■* CN b- — eo’ — © b- © Ol 00— xe^eo — b-b-*05 T)^© © T}< 05 © © © — b~COOO co eoeoeooi or-o©o — c-oosco •<*01W — b- ©OCOt^OS — I>®0© — — ©©CO — — o gfe-gj OJ «s s > > ^ » is 5) D D 4) .76,855! STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS (NOlOl 05 Tf lO HON oo ao eo eo eo OC1O00N ^t^OlCDCD CC © -h -H 05 co 05 eo CO d CO hh cO •n coco S* Ilf 5§J S c “ § *S IS 2>S zzooo £££££ £££ S S s« •a ©5 s j i g l.g* 1 Sites and buildings not distributed by type. 1 Equipment not distributed by type. * Incomplete. Table 27. — Summary of expenditures and outstanding indebtedness in public schools, by State, 1941-42 96 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 E O 2 o o.g 0> X °’S O .3 os© ©©-* S'--' S' ©' os o' © © TJH ©©Cn ico ©■*<©©< no © CO © © < ice -t qqoi ! IN OOCDWOt ,00 (MOMS! rH© , c H ©S'© © ,©t»i« S' I CO •— I © rH cn © rH © I© 00 1-1 -Jl ©IN IN ‘« OlDOOfO CO © © © ©' © ©' rH © ©M©Cn rH 0©SNS © © S' S' © © © © ©_-3< ©‘ © ©’ ^i* in Cn © rH © S' -S(N ©_rH_© NirfOSH IN COriCO co oo©©© ©OOOO'JIT}! ■>^©_©S'_© © «‘nwV r- -}<©©© S'_©n tS TS S' © (NTtlHS rH cnrH-3< s-T ©"©*©* -3* © © © IN ©-3<©© ©©©S' © S' © S' \M i J- cn 3 Jo 2 3 C3 O -S (-^3 “ a'S-S*2 » J S--TJ >> o ® 9< fl *3 r . ^ C3 ^ ©©MO© t'T}!©^© ©©©cn©_ © © rH ©' © rH©Ci-3'rH -3i©©cn© cn©©cn© ©©©©© ts s> in ©cn IN rH o’ ©‘ IN ffi^rlN© ©©©'-|t' rH rH CO S' © ©©©-3© ©©©rH© rl rH* CD ©‘ Tjl©t'©© S' IN©©© HS©»© S'OS'©© OOCnOOS^CN ©’ Tfi ©’ tS -1 ©S '©©T}l ©MO©t)< ©TjlTfl©© © © S' © IN S' © © -31 © ©t'Cn©»M ©© -31 S' © >-i ©©©» IN©©©© IN©© ©©S'©© ''©r-HIM Tjl©©©© “ ‘ ‘ ©©© IN ^-©©©O OhSOO © © on S' o ©‘©‘©‘in©* ©©"©© ©© ■3,S'© © -31 © © © ©©00-31 ©©_©_©» ©o'©©"©' © -31 © © © -31 rH © © © ^1©©«© ©0©(NH ©o©©« ©^-li-l»H- rH i-H» cn ■3 c3 a> c-s § i-a ? ©rHCO«-l© cn©©©s- © Q0.t'i--,,t> S'* IN S^ ©* 00 NO-f©© S'©--!©© © ©v-3 1 © © © S' © on © © -31 cn o © rHC0i-r©*S'‘ ©Tjl— (©S' ONN rl ©‘ -i ©S'©Cn-3l ©rHTfl©© rHT3l^©©rH S'"(NS'‘©© ©00-3MN © t-i © S' © riceci i-T -31 © © >— 1 © H(NiH©M ts t'S'^cn ©^ ©'©*©©’'© ©-H©©05 ©-3'S'Cn-3i ©©©©< cnt'©©c © S' S' C 3 § £1 2 o c2 I 2^ “ ^ « 0*^3 id -a CO.HIDHS ©rtlS"H© wen ©©© ©'©©©‘cn ent'©©© en©©©-3^ cn ©‘©©‘c3> ©©©S'© © -31 S' © S' ©enMcn© 00T)i'©'©'S'' -3*© © © © © cn © 00 © - © -31' i-h © GO © cncn © Tjl -31 © © -3iS'©©cn 00 00 r^Tf^fi ©'©*S''cn© Tf S' Tt< rH (N cq©^©©_© ©' Tf ©' S' -31' ©©-31 cncn S'©©S'S' en«-3<©© -3i-3^©©-Ji ©'©'©‘©‘S'* ©©©-JI© ©©©©© ©cn -31 © S' <-l S' TS © rH ai.2 ft Sis 41 1*58 Ss S c5 c ^ s» 12 s g 3 .S £ ■S C3 cj 2 g 1 3 '& 2 S-C^'3'3 §-So8^ g'SSrt.H .s.9.9 5'g r- © © m INMOiS ©CTtCCM x m x o x — ooxc- cm’ m* m* © o* ^ CO ©OX NOHO_# ©*©cM*©Tt' O X — coo co o o (NLON o’ O* Tt* t- -r cm ©m_© cm* Tt m* coo 0-1 ©CO 00 O — O CO OOt'^iOT)' 0_ oo o ■<* C O 00 © o co — m m co ©* o' CO* 0*0* 00 ■'S' CM 00 -O' XX©X — © o X .CM m cm r-o i cm m ' o — © — Xt- CM © Tt m © — xo_ CM* O* CM* 00 t- r - O ®NhO ©CO 0*0 c Tt — X — 0*tN0 !DOLCi«C> OOONifl — t-'oodx'r-* TT CM CM — m NCCMCMCC mOCMTtX XCCMMN t-XCOCM Til* © CM* 00 © m x © r- c lOOXX© OK5»Nt)i fr ©OXO cm t^— moo ©V-rnm OMON- XiiMON cm — x C TT © — 00 Tt o* o’ o' "ON com© I W W* wv 'J’ w ■ x — m m — ©’ o' x’ — ’ m* jttm — NOMh or — — xxxo cm © © © — OClTt mr-xr-x t— X © X CM tt x m x © CM* ©■'’ — © t- — © — m o tt o 00 CM CM^CO O — 'oo'cm'o CM O X O O cmccmttco Tf o m oxx — t- CM mcMi-^T* Tt — © © X^t- 00 ©_ o'ttx'oo CM © X CM Ttmo©_ CM © hoomoo — X © O X o cm moo m* o' m* x* cm* O O Tt -C © ommmx om©xo XXX — X r- © Tt ©_ao x* o’ O* — X* m x t- o — oo ^ o © — c — — — t>» m-ro-® o x m Tf © mer¬ er. © X om_x — o' o' cox — — X X — — xo C Tf XX o t- — TT ©_lO m* oo m* x* — * — OT fx m — cm — CM CM CM X XXXXCM O t- O © CM o_t- — © X CM*—*—* o'x* ©CM CM CM — Tt Tf — © cm'o'tt'x'o' m © x © t? m omc- x_mx©t- ©’ cm’ Tt* r-’ i.o* t-X — X© — Tt — t- X m o o m Tt x Ttr-r-x CMOeOOTt c* ©' m* Tt* ci* xtmxo Tt — mt-Tt m t- x r- Tt xmeM — rt O O X o — Ttox'o'r-* O X — O X m ci o x o XCM — 0 — 0 c m oo Tt* X* o' Or'f ©OX x i XTtr-Ttm e 1 ©mccTt * ! m_c_- ©©_ CM I CCMXr-X © r- x r- © Tt n xr-x — — ■834!$ 22 gg 0* X c c~2 £ ££2 £2 ^OOO PnrtmcBH c 5cg 1522^ 111 = = c— o cr° ^2 g.S c ax 8.9 >> ~o ««3 O CVS — B4' : li •S *3 .1 sS Q ©5 .§§ P22 1 = ^ rt * 2 1 Estimated. 1 Data for 1939-40. ■ Data for 1940-41. 4 Incomplete. 5 Data from Bureau of the Census. Table 28. — Per capita cost of education , by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 98 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 © .sg — < C3 1 Capital outlay $0,037 o — ©r~05 05 ^ 05 © CO OOOOO 05 ID 05 ID MODh Tf OOOOO 05 05 Tf CO CO CD CO CO —i05 OOOOO Ot»l^C0 05 co -- Capital outlay $6.54 3.09 6.95 3.27 17.09 5.46 5.77 1.30 9.33 3.07 7.76 CDTt lO 1 rf 00 CO 1 1 11.13 6.73 4.31 9.74 9.32 -^.2 »‘S 33 O' 00 05 C5 l> C5 ID r- O CD CD t-Ci^t^OO 00 CO 05 "*00 CO 05 o o CD 05 CD 05 00 Tt< Gor^ t-h o 05 — 05 05 — O _2 CJ ^ -g s+= ■3 co -cjib-t^eo CD 1^00 05 CO CD 05 CD CC Oi CD CD 05 CO 05 — < 45 3 M « rO oooHctiN 05 iO lO o rf 00 00 CO 05 O »D — i CD 05 050cor- 00 05 05 CD — 3 tH t. S: c* © Tf< O Tt, M « aS Q > c3 3 o ° 33 ^ 3 3 © 0) © £ c« O a-2 X a> — 05 CD 05 00 CO 05 — tF tJI COC0O5 — CO ©CDC5CO05 C5©cD^1 < (53 o ° 33 ^ 3 O a.S co a -g "o 0*033 £- a ® o a a ■tfOOOOOCO CD05C 00 — t'-COOO 00 05 05 00 00 051-^000005 05 — TfOOOO 05.3 o g * £ g’o § § go 2 o «.2 oi2 oApho3 33 3 33 3 O Mt ^ ©v- - •a.9 &! o.&’C o |.ggja g 05 05 fl b .S.a.a S-g a>;s jm > St £ * * © © © © 0 £££££ STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 NiOfflNO WNNO'f ooooo MM — COIN ooooo Id I >o COt^OOOO OO-tf©- N. M • ” ; o o c ^~oQ g ‘3 'Si c e a aS ii XI :.S >1'3 o £ « 5 >> — ~ O £ — _=_S S „ = Hfe.2-3g> gS-g-gg ^gg>§ §.2^ ^2000 >>> “N fill a„ «JOO E0h> o a .2 3 Ph3 S-S e £ ©3> Table 29. — Value of public property used for school purposes, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 100 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 iu i ®* O© M > c3 a ®c3-o ► 03 c v % CM G (N-HOOt^OO to^r^^co HMOHH t~t^®©t- ©^©©"tf ®®®o© —I MW ©tJi.-i.hW © W W © >h tJ-tweoeo ©Wtj<-h© ©Tt*©«W WNOHM ONfflNO ©coco-^co ©©c-t)*© ©r^Mt-© HNH^CO ©MMM.H ©C-W©© H©MNC0 OOrfCOMO © ® tj< © tj< i>eoeocooo tj. c> -i -h j>. ww«©tj< ■«(< -< co tj< eo tj©_N © © oo os © Ot^^o© ©©-* w® o©o® ®©©© OMO© ©»H ©V 2 00 00© ©WOO^H ©©-H W t>.TJ<©© W © © T* <-*00 *-*» t* ©' §2 NN NO ©w© W tJ<© W —i © ® © © © © eot^-t ©co co i-T o' >-h t-®©lr« .H©©®© W©© ©COl^ ©© Tj< Oh’n •-ICO©* CO Tf CO i ® ©©< ©'©'©'. ©c~tj<< ©©©< t-' w' »h < wo. CO St3^ •SJ5 ^ cW®W ■©®W© ©©—MM© .HNWfl «b.»©© r w' ti* © ©* -a*’ ©* ©' ®* -a*' [W®®W TfOMN© — f-l-OTf © Tj1©©Tf w ©'©'©'©' t- © 00 T— ( © , © w ©_tj< ©*-<_oq ©' © ©' w“ ©©W — I© ©Tj-©®© t-© ©f-o — t- © Tf © ©©®®W ©'w'©'®'-**' ©©©©Tj< © © © © w c! ’3 s ■%u 6a o|> O >> 3 e5 “ 3-0 i § i.® g •3 N 2 ^•c s st a O S-C-^'S g-sjis a-2|S§ sssJ® ssss <<<66 6qEo2 fcfcfcss •I 2 .9=3 I o>*r .£ b i’B. o ft-r 03 3 11 ill a >> « c . s £ ® ^ -oE^£ > ^ ^ ^ & o c o o a; STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 101 <2 3 & to I I Table 30. — Permanent school funds and unsold school lands, by State, 1939-40 1 102 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 / G ci 43 > CO w ONMO> lOOOiDC'- OS 00 N- 00 N-" CM N-’ TT NrfN OOH coco — n. Tf N* OS CM CM (N CO ON OS'* coo — oo n- co oon- X> S3 I* 55 o coco —i co 00 lO 00 — o’ cm’ cm’ lOlHOON co co co co oco — com — OS CO C3 0^03_iq P3 N- N- Tt<’ oo’ co’ CO tP os o t- — 00 03 — lO — CO CO 00 OS r COIN oo — oo oo w’ COTJH CM O o’oo’ CO oomco eocom ooqo in* o’ Tji" OS CO 00 Tf o CM — COOOS co_ cm -r cq t)h_ Tf in co’ os’ o’ — ^rr^cMTt< CO CM m CO CD ■^o^csco osomcMeo CO T}H N- N. N in’ n- cm’ co* in’ 00 00 CO CM CO OOCsO — m cm’— ’in’ oo n-’ — mint^-cjn COOCOCM^fi t>. coco coos OS* — co’ N* OS N* CM — CO ^ti osooscom — inrjit^o in Tt< — CO O — -t in os o — 00 TjJ' oo’ o on-coo CO — os — o TJHOO — CMt^ comcooco — OOOSh-N. — — o’ cm’ cm' om — ooN- 1> CO CO CO CO oeo — com N- — OsOOrfi os o os m eq N-’ N- Tf* 06 co’ CO-cf CSON — OOOSTf — CO CM 00 — oo com CO TP CM O m o tjh coo oo cm co os CSIO — COCO 00OST PhPmOS 2,297,670 I 22,976,695 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 28 00 o CiO 00 ON® O'-""-* o — * -f* o *® C-HCOO-H O -i_ — 05 in" co* c o of ^NONO ®Offl«H cf«0iQ<-HCQ tNN O-iC (N -i 00 o— "o OOf-OO CN^O® OOOC-1 ®0- * 1J Table 31. — Receipts and expenditures of State departments and boards of education, by State , 1941-42 104 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 • 2 io g e'S.s 8 S' 88288 ^ © co *-t HN© OO *"H :s s > © © 4-o fe 1 |ais i>* co »-h co c^i © © Sc? ■*f v o' *■« CO Is— CO © © SSo3^ N »H o »/5 CO SSSgS rd cd id 2 ^3 22 o8 ^ co o co co coco W W O C/j H « i— © © co > r>- oi INWOH rcdidcd co > co^^kO co © nj< co r>- © AS? A3 | g BS-C g 111 § l» toi! n § .2 88328 idVodoid :S8 8 > I'- © ©«o>'*i ©©t^* 8888 SJ CitO©^ ©» odgjoT^H ni .88 3 ® CO N *<4 L C/3 a> CO CO h* CO co CO «d cd id © c^ co -^t4 cs »0 CO © 3fi1 g-slJ ^ a »-e ill a -B S S P ) «H CO N »0 COCOCOC'I© © © nf< CO Cl © © OO -f C-J *— i CO oo CO > © »C © *-H 05 OO CO CO CO © © © t>» O0 WIOHOH lO h 05 ^ ^ ^05 ^oo co oo^© co © ^ i^ea *-«*-< ^ oo - © © ^ CO IN. © cl N © ©00 i{2 > co r*. i^. © © co i^. r^. 00 © © NfJ 00 © © OO I *-H C* a— < *-H CM »-H 8.2 1 1 * a o.2 fagl alii '*=’ 03 -n ©1 © © © © co co ci o ci «t.©.o4H. ^ njT cd cd csf©©©( »-H (M r-H ■< :sgg^ s8©o5g >©1^00 CO CONh-ON r © aT cd of © hjT rd cd cd • © © eg co co © © © • I - © CO Nt4 © © © © co in. oo »-< © r^co cm © © co * oo cd © id © r-T r-T cd cd hnoV 'HhOCO *HiH©©O0 oO CO © © oo 2S e h IS rt C«.S I •§43S^ I^-g?-§ i? s Q S c« 2 s-s-a^-g §js83 .s ^•5-5oc5 cScSfeoiS s :igj8 i.g|g| Table 321. — Receipts and expenditures for intermediate unit control in public schools, by State, 1941-42 106 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 III | - 05 a CL MW« ' 1- 050000 i© ON© i © 00 C too CO Tf eooo n eoio Wt* 8 ! Son <0(00100 ©Osn n N (CO 'N n 50 ' CO co 05 t co <00(0^1 Tf 05 © Tf Nh^O m ■ g a Sat n C c? O O oa Ph t&kS $ S-Cg 52 o i -a '(o'O & a CO . 3 £ 3 X"C! O ftfl o 3 o'n" Tf Tf '005 i Tf oo 'CO It £8 00 fr oo' Os¬ lo ' ©co 't^eo 'OOTf 28 ooo 050 (NO coo Tf ©otr It © Tf © N(C05(0 © ©00©©00-f t~N © It N (NOncOO MOONO OOCtiiOCO f NOO*NN nco 05 00 0 NOnf ©CO n t>. if- N ilOO 'COO ! Tf© tel 5 ^ cj o CL--* O 03 a N 00 © 00 O5WC0N Tf © Tf 00 *105 t^o 00 Tf O o non ©OOn^-. OC(N WNOOO O 00 O N CO © © 00 ©n Tf oo" ©‘ o" n" o" ©" oo" co" n©©C0© (CnN n N CO CO N . :§ ' o tr 1 C5 1 Tf 1 |NTf" 1 !s ! ! ! : : :g I © ! [n© ; ; : ; :« \*o 00 ! NOON 00 00 fflNNNf if N ©OO Tf t-Sco"©"©"^" 00©©©© NTfHlCJ 'OCOCOCO N CO CO N n n©00©© ffleoHoq Tf © oo os i— r ©oo©ooa> n co ©n NOncOO tr©©Tf © ooqt-ocq Tf N0dl>tJ n CO 05 00 © NOn rf "e8 i« B * u II g-C cj O g’Sc - 2.5 cS.StJ & nm X! £ £ b > W S3 n'iH0 ill ill .£ c S £ ccuuo 2=22* iiiss STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 107 % Table 33. — Personnel and financial data for public schools, by educational level, by State, 1941-42 A. Elementary day schools, including kindergartens Instructional staff Number of pupils in average daily attendance per in¬ structional staff member Instruc¬ tional staff cost per pupil in average daily attendance State, District of Columbia, or outlying parts Number Combined salaries Average salary Average daily attendance Total . . . 130,820 $178,718,382 $1,366 3,368,150 26 $53 Alabama _ 13.053 8,372,836 641 389,978 30 21 Arkansas ... _ 9,080 5,085,956 560 257,763 28 20 Connecticut _ _ 6,070 10,916.420 1,798 159,984 26 68 Delaware _ __ 880 1,420,987 1,615 22,615 26 63 Florida _ _ _ 8,389 • 9,515,689 1,134 210,136 25 45 Idaho _ 3,125 3.025,369 968 66,629 21 45 Louisiana _ 10,491 10,043,250 957 301,634 29 33 Maryland . _ 5,481 8,703,483 1,588 173,067 32 50 Massachusetts _ 14,520 25,540,210 1,759 340,493 23 75 Montana _ 3,647 3,847,733 1,055 64,088 18 60 New Jersey _ 17,293 35,385,130 2,046 390,675 23 91 Ohio _ 22,731 34,070,311 1,499 642.710 28 53 Rhode Island . . _ 2,179 3.542,809 1,626 1 52,696 24 67 South Dakota _ 5,824 4,177,166 717 80,124 14 52 Washington _ 6,386 11,498,221 1,800 168,243 26 68 District of Columbia _ 1,671 3,572,812 2,138 47,315 28 76 Outlying parts of the United States. . 6,908 5,537,374 802 l 245,564 36 23 Puerto Rico _ 6,820 5,464.601 801 243,064 36 22 Virgin Islands _ 88 72,773 827 2,500 28 29 B. Separately organized junior high schools State or District of Columbia Instructional staff Average daily attendance Number of pupils in average daily attendance per in¬ structional staff member Instruc¬ tional staff cost per pupil in average daily attendance Number Combined salaries Average salary Total _ _ 17,258 $32,922,207 $1,908 395,724 23 $83 Arkansas _ . . - 404 • 438,255 1,085 1 11,035 27 40 Connecticut _ 917 1,873,314 2,043 19,419 21 96 Delaware _ — 152 303,384 1,996 3,575 24 85 Florida _ 2,624 2,942,854 1,122 1 63,179 24 47 Idaho _ 236 236,232 1,001 5,684 24 42 Maryland _ 820 1,719,107 2,696 19,140 23 90 Massachusetts _ _ 4,114 8,202,308 1,994 1 91.411 22 90 New Jersey _ 2,118 4,804,135 2,268 41,213 19 117 Ohio _ 3,012 6,386,517 2,120 77,178 26 83 Rhode Island _ 918 1,750,004 1,906 ! 17,447 19 100 Washington . . . _ 1,170 2,392,558 2,045 27,370 23 87 District of Columbia 773 1.873,539 2,424 1 19,073 25 98 108 BIENNIAL PURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table 33. — Personnel and financial data for public schools, by educational level, by State, 1941-42 — Continued C. Junior-senior high schools under one organization State, District of Columbia, or outlying parts Instructional staff Average daily attendance Number of pupils in average daily attendance per in¬ structional staff member Instruc¬ tional staff cost per pupil in average daily attendance Number Combined salaries Average salary Total _ _ _ 20,256 $24,904,926 $1,230 441,146 22 $56 Alabama _ 6,953 7,364,688 1,059 169,111 24 44 Arkansas _ _ 2,361 2,162,216 916 61,286 26 35 Delaware. _ 440 747,384 1,699 7,556 17 99 Maryland _ 990 1,693,818 1,711 24,234 24 70 New Jersey _ • _ 589 1,324,624 2,249 10,890 18 122 Ohio _ _ 8,756 11,342,067 1,295 164,534 19 69 Rhode Island _ 167 270,129 1,618 3,535 21 76 Outlying part of the United States.. 32 35,206 1,100 640 20 55 Virgin Islands _ 32 35,206 1,100 640 20 55 D. — Separately organized senior high schools State or District of Columbia Instructional staff Average daily attendance Number of pupils in average daily attendance per in¬ structional staff member Instruc¬ tional staff cost per pupil in average daily attendance Number Combined salaries Average salary Total. _ 15,102 $34,618,892 $2,292 292,985 19 $118 Arkansas _ 308 437,352 1,420 7,696 25 57 Delaware _ 139 320,472 2,306 2,348 17 136 Florida . _ 2,448 2,751,354 1,124 41,216 17 67 Maryland _ 598 1,570,519 2,626 13,079 22 120 Massachusetts _ 4,305 11,011,854 2,558 . 89,528 21 123 New Jersey. _ _ 1,800 6,444,667 3,580 29,288 16 220 Ohio _. _ 2,994 6,270,144 2,094 60,528 20 104 Rhode Island _ 745 1,734,157 2,328 12,859 17 135 Washington _ 1,002 2,053,851 2,050 21,769 22 94 District of Columbia _ 763 2,024,522 2,653 14,674 19 138 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 Table 33. — Personnel and financial data for public schools, by educational level, by State , 1941-42 — Continued E. — Regular and vocational high schools State, District of Columbia or outlying part Instructional staff Average daily attendance Number of pupils in average daily attendance per in¬ structional staff member Instruc¬ tional staff cost per pupil in average daily attendance Number Combined salaries Average salary Total. . . 30,190 $57,408,875 $1,902 637,378 21 $90 Arkansas - 657 567,687 864 13,718 21 41 Connecticut _ 3,122 6,239,751 1,992 63,619 20 98 Delaware - 68 130,952 1,926 1,113 16 118 Florida - 345 388,052 1,125 8,385 24 46 Idaho _ 1,210 1,863,375 1,540 27,605 23 68 Louisiana _ 4,595 6,340,519 1,380 86,323 19 73 Maryland _ 1,198 1,875,466 1,565 • 24,165 20 78 Massachusetts _ 2,633 7,632,598 2,899 55,468 21 138 Montana _ 1,513 2,146,355 1,419 26,319 17 82 New Jersey _ _ 6,013 12,021,377 1,999 123,334 21 97 Ohio _ 4,177 10,005,847 2,395 120,885 29 83 Rhode Island - . 220 443,735 2,017 4,098 19 108 South Dakota - . 1,878 2,320,590 1,236 31,840 17 73 Washington- . - 2,445 5,176,928 2,117 49,547 20 104 District of Columbia - 105 255,643 2,435 959 9 267 Outlying part of the United States.. 471 607,868 1,291 14,712 31 41 Puerto Rico _ 471 607,868 1,291 14,712 31 41 Table 34. — Statistical summary of Negro public elementary and secondary schools in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia, 1920-1942 Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 Total population1 _ _ _ _ _ _ 9,090,532 9,585,417 10,275,347 Negro children 5-17 years of age, inclusive - 2,899,246 2,902,657 2,827,565 Pupils enrolled in elementary grades - 2,070,374 2,169,992 2,174,262 2,113.288 Pupils enrolled in high-school grades - 33,341 112,586 254,580 273,183 Total enrolled in elementary and high school grades _ 2,103,715 2,282,578 2,428,842 2,386,471 Average daily attendance - . - . . 1,416,206 1,645,518 1,953,401 1,947,268 Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled _ _ .. - 168,414,206 217,754,344 305,344,350 305,372,789 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled during the year . - 80 97 126 128 Average length of school term in days - 119 132 156 157 Percent of school population enrolled _ 72.6 78.6 85.9 Percent of enrolled pupils in daily attendance. 67.3 72.1 80.4 81.6 Percent of pupils in high schools _ 1.6 4.9 10.5 11.4 Instructional staff: Elementary schools1 Men _ - 6,398 6,246 7,277 7,024 Women _ 31,227 39,801 45,446 46,605 High schools1 Men _ 457 2,395 5,735 5,946 Women _ 478 2,836 6,018 6,597 1 United States Bureau of the Census. e District of Columbia, 1941-423 110 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table 36. — Length of school term , school attendance , and average annual salaries of white and Negro instructional staff 1 in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia , 1941-422 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 111 Average annual salary per unit of instructional staff 2 tc © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 458 441 1,440 671 460 547 1,593 226 1,403 867 1,074 465 754 765 2,329 © IS £ 1 1 1 1 CO©COCi ^ O 00 CO iCTfHH CO irp CO '.^©c*5 ©t^eo©© ©050000© ©-<« co©©Tr— ooo^oon ■*> © 05 n ©o© -< 05 — 05 HHF-HC5 — -<05.-h05 2 © £ 1 1C OJ05t~r»© © © 05 oo 10005 U50»Ohn OOiCOOiOO OO^-iCl^OO NC»0 ^ ^ 1-, r-« i-H f-H *-H -4 ^ Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled Negro 128.0 126.2 116.5 153.8 141.9 121.8 138.7 127.4 158.9 138.4 140.4 148.4 116.0 137.3 125.2 151.3 154.2 143.9 © IS £ 143.5 134.4 131.6 161.2 150.5 139.0 128.1 148.3 160.6 141.9 150.3 150.8 146.5 137.0 142.1 157.5 153.6 143.6 Length of school term in days £ 8 z 156.8 151.3 146.9 183.4 166.0 154.9 170.3 152.9 185.5 124.1 178.7 164.5 175.0 150.2 166.0 163.6 180.0 171.5 170.1 © IS £ 170.2 ©00©©V5 © r~ 05 Tf t~- t~ 05 00 © © © © tT ©tf050N t^©©©Tf ■"*©«©© ©05© © © 00 1» © © 00 © r- © 00 r- © State or District of Columbia Total . . . - Alabama - Arkansas _ _ Delaware _ Florida _ _ Georgia _ _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ North Carolina _ Oklahoma _ _ South Carolina. . _ Tennessee... _ Texas . . . . Virginia _ _ West Virginia _ District of Columbia. _ C as •305 •So C.Z E 3 g 3 .2 o > . - 1“ Table 37. — Enrollment of Negro pupils by grade, in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia,1 1941-42 112 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Secondary school pupils Post¬ graduate 974 i t i i t ICO • i i O OO i i tN. icO N . ICO 1 1 1 03 lO 1 IC3 1 T Second year 74,272 5,244 2,141 300 3,613 5,967 2,018 4,681 2,697 2,903 2,201 11,533 1,889 5,416 3,541 10,144 6,184 1,580 2,220 First year 102,939 *0 03^ ©CO 03 001^ CO© 03 © © lO t'- 03 lO ^VHCOIOO C0c0c0-«f03 ©03 *0 ©M-rf©© CC Wrt* MO coioor^oo CCrH tC CO *^00 03 l>T co" ^ CO iO 03*“ ^ CO 00 03 03* Total 273,183 19,224 7,882 1,014 13,057 21,814 6,831 17,359 9,413 11,323 8,321 43,056 7,283 19,639 13,333 38,319 22,465 5,913 6,937 Kindergarten and elementary school pupils Eighth grade 76,829 10,078 5,917 531 6,672 1,803 3,270 1,639 18,179 3,031 2,842 7,069 9,220 1,050 2,585 2,943 Seventh grade 171,974 15,222 7,452 656 8,080 15,727 3,373 11,155 5,146 19,165 4,505 19,621 3,329 15,134 8,461 17,636 11,193 2,712 3,407 Sixth grade 197,874 'tOHHN lcookocooq thoothcdco r^co t-< ©1^.10^^ CO 04 LO O ONlfJOCrH COCO N 1-HCOCO^Ol OO COt^COTj*_ !-«_ T-H CO © © © cocoio©^T of co oo © © cd of of CM *H V— 1 T-H 03 i— 1 T-H Fifth grade 234,320 23,789 11,183 771 10,537 24,739 3,856 16,856 6,385 25,438 4,918 26,568 3,912 21,932 10,692 21,152 15,539 2,749 3,304 Fourth grade 256,845 26,373 12,644 733 11,611 30,431 4,356 20,458 6,912 21.490 5,258 29.490 4,045 25,259 11,699 22,389 17,442 2,752 3,503 Third grade 279,985 28,497 12,561 762 11,883 32,532 4,287 21,968 7,112 33,190 5,312 31,313 4,037 27,457 12,164 22,640 18,077 2,626 3,567 Second grade 294,753 29,616 12,326 794 12,190 34,929 4,226 23,818 7,579 37,751 5,330 33,906 3,750 29,686 12,302 22,061 18,175 2,499 3,815 First grade o> CD CO CO © LO 60,739 28,970 985 19,492 79,266 6,894 48,234 8,604 104,540 7,783 60,982 7,939 55,372 21,876 43,417 29,908 3,765 4,603 Kinder¬ garten 7,339 i:i i i i i i i i i 'CO 'CO i LO CO i l i i i i CM CO i vM • ICO ICO i CO © i© • i i iiH CO i ^ 1 1 IH 1 03 1 * r- oo oo eo in -HCTi©V5 Number 2,428,842 2,174,262 7,621 632,468 311,405 295,038 274,420 238,198 198,234 159,475 57,403 254,580 99,094 69,244 49,300 36,208 734 s Per¬ cent 0 001 76.9 OMOooaioioO'# 23.1 cc-- fc Per¬ cent 0 001 95.1 cicoioecot~m.- -C bo o _bij © v. to 0> ^3 4) »© On CO W < H 1 Estimated. 5 Sex distribution estimated. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 115 Table 40. — Instructional staff, 1941-42, and attendance in 1939-40 and 1941-42 in Negro public day schools in 17 southern States and the District of Columbia State or District of Columbia Instructional staff Average daily attendance Total Super¬ visors Princi¬ pals Teachers 1939-40 1941-42 Total Men Women Total _ 66,172 243 1,200 64,729 12,040 52,689 1,953,401 1,947,268 Alabama - 5.873 46 49 5,778 931 4,847 196,640 195,749 Arkansas - 2,629 1 22 2,606 590 2,016 89,082 85,903 Delaware _ 258 6 252 54 198 6,109 5,841 Florida _ 3,435 34 52 3,349 563 2,786 87,031 88,021 Georgia. . . 6,895 23 33 6,839 889 5,950 202,580 205,061 Kentucky _ _ 1,476 108 1,368 281 1,081 35,417 33,359 Louisiana. _ _ _ 4,313 38 4,275 764 3,511 144,392 144,593 Maryland.. - 1,749 22 48 1,679 331 1,348 51,081 51,277 Mississippi _ 6,854 131 6,723 1,332 5,391 226,069 235,619 Missouri _ 1,537 1,537 374 1,163 39,206 39,617 North Carolina _ _. 7,433 286 7,147 1,230 5,917 230,224 228,230 Oklahoma _ 1,706 »1,706 1 477 » 1,229 37,462 34,438 South Carolina _ 5,876 20 5,856 996 4,860 162,195 164,113 Tennessee _ 2,980 2,980 701 2,279 89,949 88,340 Texas _ 6,715 296 6,419 1,414 5,005 172,844 165,391 Virginia .. - 4,237 64 104 4,069 613 3,456 125,767 124,153 West Virginia - 1,032 (l) (J) 1,032 303 729 26,114 25,417 District of Columbia.. 1,174 15 45 1,114 197 917 31,239 32,146 1 Data for 1937-38. * Included with teachers. Table 41. — Expenditures for Negro public day schools in 16 southern States and the District of Columbia , 1941-421 116 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 c o3 03 C m g|S, H o>~ a o %*§ o S « £ o m NS COIN O'-! .a a 03 a ^ fl 10 20 co (N O ai-si 0 £ , . d o 2.^2, h Jsi-s o s-o e sill -“id S = 3 'E *3 ® 03 «: -3 -2 e g cc«*. o IN 00 as cos.* COIN 1000 eoio I CO -H l-**0 WIOH 00 cos- ooo_-^ t^OOiN COO -cji i'3"N CO 'O'# 02 'coco o TfCO «eo 20* si 00 CO (NCOS i^h-O* mss 1 to 00 CO S S- INS 33 CO CO CO CO CO 00 00 lO *"H 00 CO NCC — s- 1.0 co —i IN IN ONO h N CO IN CO co 00 thin COIN is 00 Tf ico»o cocon -coco 02 CO HH 'OJhH TP coco ! ofio 1000-01 Tj -h'S £ 8 °i cd“ P § ID ID ccS Not including Virginia. Estimated. Distribution estimated. Data for 1932-33. Table 42. — Current expense, capital outlay, and debt service in Negro public day schools in 11 southern States, 1941-42 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 117 0*3 5 .s g a n t S-St 3 axi-g j a _ o iChhOOO (NiNt^OOt^ •>* O0o eccoc5Tf>_. Ha'S si:s3 *3 S’S * 2 o g « Sat § g.a &s*’S^ils S aT- S«2 o £ g Sg-ss-S s hoXu"S>> COhh®N OKNt^CO — t^OO* ^tNOQOCl t- -f 00 eoeoeo co N in co oo* s si its S ,Jl Its E-i’S'S *3«S 2*0 g ».§3 no a> » w .2 S OSTEIN iO — i ■'C CO 05 10*0*00 co oo o O^N rr IN iO IN IN rf iO 05 — — NOI> CO IO r-o t^oo 05 IN OO— _ — — U5 — i0 05t~- CO — kO(N — r cd — * — COCOIN 05 gl Jdl IfSgo S Ef'S 1-23 81 Ill's! Table 43. — Administrative units providing indicated type of auxiliary service1 at public expense, by State, 193940 118 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Tuition Second¬ ary 89 164 669 103 101 3,710 25 18 118 38 11 170 (*) 200 29 1,370 (4) 44 59 Ele¬ mentary 43 669 103 1,131 25 21 90 188 690 82 589 72 335 1,920 2,395 44 59 970 School libraries Second¬ ary 111 441 150 160 16 67 931 936 67 24 763 170 181 399 1,078 40 34 124 55 506 1 Ele¬ mentary 111 661 150 160 16 67 *13,418 4,423 67 24 5,827 170 1,894 168 3,099 1,060 40 30 124 55 506 1 o $ 3'g- Second¬ ary 72 157 16 646 22 11 60 3 1 3 2 p*.o Ele¬ mentary 113 1W 16 646 20 11 60 3 1 Transportation Second¬ ary 73 488 678 169 16 67 448 557 63 24 351 2 174 234 81 601 120 169 72 920 38 17 103 55 1 Ele¬ mentary 73 476 678 169 16 67 448 1,568 63 24 351 2 449 932 232 4,397 121 1,331 188 882 1,517 864 903 38 51 103 55 1,995 1 Periodic dental examination Second¬ ary 59 • 4 21 351 114 _ 763 97 300 463 22 10 124 16 1 Ele¬ mentary 120 4 22 351 114 5,065 97 300 463 27 10 124 16 Periodic physical examination Second¬ ary 107 931 39 351 291 86 763 137 260 562 *16 25 19 124 18 1 Ele¬ mentary 271 943 39 24 351 291 145 5,065 137 1,706 562 *31 31 19 124 18 1 Attendance service Second¬ ary 90 2 16 14 226 81 12 24 31 763 110 5 1,182 10 19 11 47 124 55 1 Ele¬ mentary 90 28 65 16 14 226 81 12 24 5,065 ii 5 2,535 10 21 11 47 124 55 1 Visiting Teachers Second¬ ary 1 II 12 1 |2| 1 1 || II II 1 12 1211 1 *181 1 Ele¬ mentary IMIS | 18 1 1 "Mil 1 1 1 1 2 22 111 *18 1 1 State, District of Columbia, or outlying parts Alabama _ Arkansas _ Colorado _ Connecticut _ Delaware* _ Florida _ _ _ Illinois _ _ — Iowa _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maryland _ Massachusetts _ __ Minnesota _ Mississippi _ . Nebraska _ New Hampshire _ New York _ North Carolina _ North Dakota. _ Ohio . . Oregon _ Pennsylvania _ South Dakota _ Texas. _ _ Utah . . Vermont _ Virginia _ West Virginia _ Wisconsin _ District of Columbia . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 119 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 > U fl 5 v c« < 3 OKftH £ .3 8^.3 g'SS O e3 o „? • 1 u v e >>’5 s*!3j Hill iij-i* = 0^5 T«i|l loss's -rj © £*T>"#3 w a o. s a <0-H >-h N- Tf © eoooini^ eomoeooo <-< rQOC< l^©Tf Tf 00 Tf W©OJ© ©Tf ©t^© OlNtT©Tf Tf HH Tf ■-^©05® © ©edo*edod Tf iN©00© CO©Tf rl COTf o©^h ©©©© ©Of- IN© -<_ •-T b." r* © od ©N © Tf Tf ©-H00OM IN -I Tf t^t~© ©©©©O ©ooo_© |C © Tf fC cO~ ©Tf ©Tf © tH © © © © Tf © © Tf CJ Tf -T © © ©© ci^Tf oo ©"©Tf > ®is *« g-3 5 3rS $"§ ■ o.&’C g.ggjg 2 m w c r tf h w q Xl £*8 irs-g <«!00 oQEo2 974,175 I 2,597,448 II 227,108 i 799,718 II 119, STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 121 N-*^©© MO©©© 0 0 3)10' ~ - ■ ©COO 00 00 t^eo © CONN NN® 00 00 00© — i^M W© — O ©_© ^ N © 00 N-‘ CO N©— <©^ CO (NO) 00— I©©© N- © — i © © b* N © © © © © N © © N©N©0 CONNN© ©CO© © b- © ©b-© ©©©Mt* ©©©— i © ■»jim©n© — T — -<* ©‘ ©‘ © ©©•*}<©© O©©©© ©f^r^ o©© Tf© 05©©© N © © © —i©©©© ©©t^ — i© ©_©00N© ©‘b.‘oo©"©‘ ©©O©^ CO-lrH N © —*N© © © b* © — < N ©©©f~ — ©IN© N —IN© © cq©^oo © ©‘ N 05 © ©©b-o ©©_©oo© ©■^©‘oo ©'©‘©‘ — i © © © —i © © ©N"*© . N © N N © © © N N b- © ©Tf^ © ©_©© — N 05 — T W^N© —i©©© oq©— i©N eo^Ncq© ©‘ ©‘ ©‘ 00 b^ — " ©‘ ©‘ tC* , N — <© Tf‘ ©* ©‘ ©b-© <3 * OD •C.C i© O t? -£ O c3 M 0 0^3 u Sfj o O « ^^OOO P-irtMccE-i (3 >.s t* oil >S| 8-sifS Table 45. — Enrollment of urban pupils in public day schools, by grade, by State, 1939-40 122 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 1 1 ! III 1 •s ;ss Is i i i isis ; i : * igss « ngg i i i i i ” i”" ill i - i Fourth year 724,606 isip- pill !||-!! §!§!§- p|II ”1|!| p-ffl Third year 842,663 7,677 1.432 7,070 55,844 7,248 12,331 1,705 7,270 12,156 4,095 45,527 24,085 15,908 11,179 7,501 7.432 3,924 6,171 45,175 40,216 20,329 5,041 20,305 2,348 7,677 538 3,185 36,791 2,588 113,545 13,054 1,882 54,407 13,309 8,582 n 1 9,745 1,772 7,557 66.429 9,054 15,946 2,236 8,648 15,091 4,563 57,644 28,432 17,757 13,658 9,405 8,186 4,552 7,462 53,349 49,397 23,717 6,016 23,520 2.577 8,896 572 3.429 47,269 3,112 159,359 15,974 2,085 70,809 15,154 9.578 First year 1,181,208 PH PH ill |!l|| Pill §l|-!§ Pill Total 3,812,488 Pin la-111 Bill ill illl ill Pp i i i i Eighth grade 13,062 3,602 8,579 73,272 9,541 16,348 1,748 12,291 6,933 4,183 71,782 27,065 15,803 12,653 11,020 ' "~4,474 10,315 53,242 48,427 18,773 6,774 18,327 3,391 8,139 782 3,165 47,389 3,401 141,572 1,986 63.928 15.929 8,277 Seventh grade 1,101,394 pp pip mi pi phi m pip Sixth grade 1,084,813 Slip pp sin pin ppi Mpj pi* Fifth grade 1,093,871 17,123 4,864 10,433 71,083 9,363 15,886 1,834 17,731 21,654 4,208 70,520 27,661 15,845 12,686 12,549 15,174 4,641 14,008 50,308 48,492 17,618 8,655 26,239 3,384 7,750 804 2,910 48,955 4,458 142,291 23,816 1,758 62,568 17,711 7,648 1! 1 18,987 4,927 11,502 73,273 9,707 16,026 1,697 18,463 23,849 3,874 73,465 28,117 15,361 13,026 13,270 15,366 4,724 15,404 52,414 51,013 17,518 9,068 26,610 3,523 7,813 707 3,055 49,436 4,199 150,556 25,433 1,864 68,488 17,815 7,333 Third grade 1,126,697 PIP PHI Hi PHI HP ig|l| pp grade 1,141,897 pis pip nisi pis as m m First grade 1,327,595 26,108 8,098 15,614 88,329 11,370 17,091 1,875 25,542 36,580 4,697 83,648 35,337 17,190 14,063 17,222 23,076 6,433 21,505 50,168 58,643 20,400 16,610 29,423 4,109 8,160 805 3,270 54,263 6,262 151,813 33,443 1,947 74,729 24,355 8,633 11 1 8§ ip fi 1 mi! inn I jP f P Total 9,497,059 150,944 41,919 89,213 662 009 86)877 143,617 14.899 141,516 179,263 33,810 635,941 241,937 143,738 113,069 110,013 111,731 42,485 121,613 433,954 464,486 164,336 76,159 220,083 28,796 71,854 6,506 25,454 431,018 35,553 1,245,227 181,140 15,158 551,428 152,101 64.899 Total 13,309,547 Pin m mil Pin ppi “‘§Pf p-ii $ 1 District of Columbia Continental United States.. ; ; ; ; ; ; : : ; j : ; ; : ; ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; ; ; illll Hill Hill IliJI 1IIIJ 1IIIS Ml STATE IIs I |B» s p-SSI pll Ip 1 81,976 5,495 8,363 2,789 7,426 41,336 5,087 1,390 10,917 15,205 3,964 24,114 1,631 5,443 pill pll Ip !- 120,247 8,994 12,149 3,313 11,685 58,330 5,840 1,730 11,935 17,758 6,221 29,841 2,073 7,480 372,790 26,706 37,606 11,789 34,791 186,107 21,357 5,978 46,534 65,248 18,644 103,929 6,830 25,273 113,160 9,730 '*”2,571 15,002 4,600 5,652 1,582 6,357 14,526 7,414 19,846 1,714 7,497 pin pin §p § gp! pi as s 96,032 8,677 13,007 2,554 18,451 57,883 5,665 1,652 16,738 13,222 9,869 18,099 1,657 7,737 98,040 8,984 13,866 2,473 19,186 59,224 5,860 1,565 16,582 13,792 10,422 18,500 1,718 7,641 inn pin ip § PH mi SB l 81,976 10,160 19,685 3,027 26,424 94,125 5,766 1,769 20,719 15,757 13,961 21,422 2,185 9,808 ffl ! -l8 1 808,419 75,614 98,598 22,224 153,677 452,776 46,567 13,482 126,199 118,394 79,951 182,455 15,060 70,897 Table 46. — Enrollment of rural pupils in public day schools , by grade, by State, 1939-40 124 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 8,3101 497,4101 1,3191 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 125 State, 1939-40 Table 47. — Attendance data, average length of school term, number of instructional staff1 and pupil-teacher ratio in urban and rural areas, by 126 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 0.2 3 CL CO-^OCOO HOOtO'# OOlHHCO t^©< 'CO — ' tO © 00 N h«NMN t^NCOtOt'. ©C-OOtO NOOONCO © CO CO © — ' — i to © N r)> COOC^-tf© OCOCO © — tOOiNNH aio©H^ noono- i N ©‘ o' tO CO* CO CO ©OOON OONOOCON GO 00 COM© OOtOtOO OOOOON _ _ oo©tOf»o eocotoc^o ©to^cc o' -GO ©OiflOH OiOOOt- — OOTf"*© Tj't^t^GO — ©(N00ON O ■'C Tf tJ< GO O O © — © ooonnom © © to © »o '(NO NN ©NO©© NhONO — t^© •’tfCO ©‘n'©‘-‘m IflTfHrtt. ©tot^eo — Nt^OCOO —T n — ' n N O :2S 35 . .2** >. "ft «5 2o.2 at co < O ' oo©cooo IOCONCO ICON— 'N ©O |©0 O— 'OOCO CM b- ©TjN©C0 NO' 1Riij sliH &c«— b 2°-2§S £ 3* < ONCOO ©■cJ't-tOCO )N NOBOtO OOO O© 00t~ O CO —I to CO eo rf 04 c ©co — co tfNONM ©tOBOON NN Tf rf Tf O CO N tO tO © N -C 00 00 O N ^C0 © l^OON't-'- < t»— it^©0 l-H CO tONCOI'H © N CO GO ON -tf 00 00 O N © to Jgoeo ©COO"# — IN— 'to© _ —©rf© © 00 © to onco— i ootfto^oo r- -c — >o N N CO CO —I d 8 * a v 53 M-a d ri ii < d © N © — ' 00 OOOO© t^OOOt'- tONOOtf© oo— iootcr>. Tfoqio® ‘io‘n‘ 00‘. ‘ ©ao©t^© -^IIOIOO — ibnoco o' •*' o' C0O00TCC4 t~eo — — — oo — to toco CO —i —i CO GO tO © GO N ^ to' Tf' to' to' — <‘ — itONOGO — —i tO »o COtJfrH © t^©o-<© NOt-BC-. co" © oo' -o<' o' Nr^t-co© OtONOlO N-ICOCON ©ON — — I g g 3> C’S § § Co g J3 n O Si g «*— 2Nmo 2 d-E fc.fi o’® o 8* OQfeo2 1 i-d B3 O a 3 d 3 a c i ex S .2 8^ g | .ss c >>12 — 5; -i d 03 o.S'-C 1J II 3 1 SB e! « g'aaa.s .sJJg-g O ft >> o ^ I 2 Si -gw^SjS > £ & £ £ a) a> a) o /3 © |N»9 TfcOH.i< ' 00 C5 CO 00-*CO eoo5cococo eoeoo5eoco eoecco eo NUJNiO — 05 00^ CO 05 CO 00 00 CO Off COCOC0O5 SMOC1H OOCOiO-cfOO 05005 looi’hn Ndoeffl oicoooeo lOha C005-*1101/3 05 05 »C CO OONOiN 10CDC00505 CO 03 05 ICO 03 05 05 Tf 005 oiNi^mi 1 ©*C » 110 03 05 U3 00 05*1 CO 05 CO H n 00 05 00 00 00 ©c^ 3 • © © oo i i i i H 05 05 H H 00 00 >H05*i H00NOO 03 iOCO 05 05 05 CO 05 03 03 03 ' H Hiflc >0305 005. 05 00 O if ti SiO'f COcOrf U3U3 0 05_iii0 ooS« ooooo. CO 05 C OOcOiOCsrf C0»0 ■*. 05H 00*0— I 't 105 00 03 05 i/3 © t, CO 03 ^f 05 50 03n nOO^f ONf OH. 05 05 0*00 05 03 05 03 05 O*0nH 00 05 O 05 03 03 05 05 uO 05 CO 05 O 'f ©H05 00 lOnTf OSO^fOOO NONOOf 105 00 00 ^ 05 05 CO OpCOiiTfiO mi 05 6q mj a oo23 £ S5 ZOOO csj5 5* ”5 45 &&&1 a-g**l s|ggs PiWcoc oH a 5 §•2“ 4 B-a-S “Cm >ji 8.2 £ 128 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table 48. — Number of public-school buildings and value of school property in' urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40 State or District of Columbia Number of school buildings Value of school property Average value of school property per pupil enrolled Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Continental United States.. 37,700 189,062 $5,390,927,351 $2,244,185,195 $405 $185 Alabama _ 445 4,689 32,233,000 25,341,157 173 51 Arizona.. _ .. 120 591 10,999,000 12,315,436 227 200 Arkansas _ 490 5,039 20,162,000 23,194,692 170 » 67 California _ 2,500 6,220 416,716,000 22,350,705 457 81 Colorado _ 353 2,387 41,699,000 25,713,031 351 251 694 315 82,331,000 39,383,028 410 Delaware _ 55 145 12,810,000 9,382,763 568 437 Florida _ 1,189 1,328 39,801,000 44,486,910 228 228 Georgia _ 604 5,053 40,323,000 40,006,281 174 79 Idaho _ 129 1,135 12,988,000 16,516,711 252 238 Illinois _ 2,027 11,540 416,528,000 148,303,266 495 364 Indiana _ 987 2,191 128,448,000 75,351,018 366 235 Iowa _ _ 989 10,780 75,219,000 60,593,648 358 207 Kansas.. _ 680 8,343 53,109,000 65,419,286 328 305 Kentucky _ 501 7,091 40,786,000 33,816,534 283 74 Louisiana _ _ 309 3,262 33,887,000 38,727,596 229 119 Maine _ _ 382 1,861 18,352,000 17,118,261 307 165 Maryland _ 339 880 62,404,000 23,969,506 416 175 Massachusetts _ 2,159 306 289,909,000 23,593,807 458 344 Michigan _ 1,791 6,590 300,884,000 64,562,037 465 199 Minnesota _ 927 7,234 123,005,000 76,661,541 490 293 Mississippi _ 259 6,533 18,063,000 40,376,410 183 81 Missouri _ _ _ 985 8,512 126,136,000 50,189,337 408 128 Montana _ 138 2,696 16,300,000 21,512,121 420 314 Nebraska - - 449 6,462 42,032,000 40,329,854 400 236 Nevada _ 35 228 3,057,000 4,498,517 353 372 New Hampshire _ 181 571 16,636,000 8,026,676 423 221 New Jersey _ 1,788 337 302,244,000 55,449,835 502 485 New Mexico _ _ 136 910 9,422,000 9,546,847 200 112 New York _ 3,368 6,220 942,566,000 229,678,260 525 North Carolina _ 554 3,661 55,795,000 63,084,874 231 98 North Dakota _ 72 4,080 8,990,000 35,158,941 390 300 Ohio.. _ _ 1,943 2,776 338,434,000 109,580,729 423 265 Oklahoma _ _ 658 5,142 54,964,000 42,767,069 262 106 Oregon _ 300 2,226 39,715,000 23,004,299 391 263 Pennsylvania _ 2,771 7,958 517,972,000 140,085,034 439 209 Rhode Island _ 384 18 44,367,000 202,016 434 South Carolina _ 309 3,174 25,472,000 27,428,545 187 79 South Dakota _ 122 4,375 13,705,000 27,854,423 403 272 Tennessee _ _ 404 5,223 41,273,000 10,315,794 219 Texas _ _ 1,635 10,774 174,238,000 111,095,212 273 161 Utah _ 149 534 21,082,000 21,152,846 310 308 Vermont _ 87 1,128 6,827,000 8,788,153 351 193 Virginia. _ 329 584 42,795,000 45,693,868 248 116 Washington _ 509 1,468 64,004,000 39,401,885 349 267 West Virginia _ 1,210 4,349 18,425,000 66,194,795 187 187 Wisconsin _ 993 7,175 133,874,000 119,575,709 467 Wyoming _ _ 87 968 6,833,000 6,385,932 312 186 District of Columbia _ 175 53,113,351 552 Table 49. — Salaries, current expenditures, interest, and capital outlay in public days schools in urban and rural areas, by State, 1939-40 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS S3 bo $ c3 w 1|1 si-2 gsl O ^ S > cj -is < & 8 o « 03 33 'C c0)0 oo ;oo OiOMO)'# lONiONCO — ceoo — eo o’^'fid’o* MOWO)iO — O — OiO kO N O O ' ®CM-« t~eoi® — c ocoeoiooo OOOMMN O — O O — COO — OO OOONO'f 00 0)^00 — n CO — O* O* O) ooooooo — CO N OCO O) oo oooo MMOOffl cq cq — »o n-_ nTn— *eo'o nco — eo — — — 00 NONOOO 800000 cdcon OO'C-NK) t^NOCOO — 0)00-^00 no— *oon*— 'J'NIOCS »o — coo -0-00 1^00 — O 00 — 0 — kOnO— *00 — co re o eono — ns 00 NON oo 0)0) co eo no o — >o kO*°lN*— — ‘ f-ocooo N — N — N t^t^eoeooo or- — ooo n-cocdoon^ kO* CO* — * o* *0* IN > — — o — oo — < N — CO — N O N* — * — * 'J'NMNH iocor~oN- (N — o)ooeo — 00 0)00 IN NONO- — oq-cfooko CO* CO* no* CO O 'J'H'iNOM ON — — O — — CO t^ — iCOOO o_ coco kO n- — — * (N* O* — * 'fON'tiO 00 — lONiO 00 00 0)k0k0 OCOOOO — •cf — O — CO oo in koeo — O 00 00 O N co o n- o^o. 0 0*0)*—'—' — kO 00 0)0 NCOOION ^ooo 1*10* IN* t^o — oo coi> — — i> — uooco O* IN* no o' O coocoo — lONO-N INIONOS iocowon t^COOON — kOOXNCNO) K3NNCOOO n-o — coco — kO 00 N 00 — 00 IN 0 00 CO — 00 cqooot-N C0*N.'o*O00 oo — t^o — kONcON — (NOO — CO o-ooo — MINOOCO odoco'odco N N CO N- O CO 00 oooo — ON — O) O) O) CO — o oqcqeo_eo_— — * CO* — * — * O) N — COC~ — — — OOO) — — O — CO 00 — oooco — eooeqo oo'eo'iNO'od IN — 0 — 00 kONOOO — O) NO)* O) CO* eo — SINN OClNNN O O) O CO o CO — — ' — ' o — CO 00 — o CON — NO) ooooieo — r^ooo o_o) >0 00 00 — — locoeokoo co co coo O O O N- C) coco’conTn* COkOt^OOO io — — ooo O)t-oq— — — 'coni'— *co — co — — co t^cot^ioio NDN CO CON O CO oo CO — N — 00 coo — o — lOiOOlO O) — 00 — 00N 000 — 00) N* N» N 00 00 lONiOCOO) CO 00 CO — — oo — t' o co CONNN — OCO — NN O 00 O N CO — C3NCO — N-OCOO ON- — — N— *—*—*—' 00 — 00 coo oco co iceo kONOOO O CO CO N- N eo — — no 00 0)00 CO — -®NCOO — — m ooo oo >o n eo o i N N N — — — . OOOCO CO CO oeooo — — — >0*0 00 Noaoioo OO — NO usoqio — o' eo* no* no no OO-ON — — CON — O.f'.ON'O HOCOfflN comoco — O N N 00 00 iflN-COO 0*0 — 00 — NCO_MMN_ — * io* N* IO* O io — — CO 00 COCO — ON ot-^eO' -con. 00 ION. eo o co co oo COOCONCO N NNO CO io 10*00 nT CO* lOOCONCO CO — CO ooo NCOCOOO OONIOION O CO N eo CO O CO 00 O N lONkO — — — no — nco o co —'—co NNCD — CO o “)N— _N — 'tJco'o OCO — — N oo-rno *o — O CO o c o’ — * — ' o* — * oooiocor^ n — kooeo io* N* N* CO* N-* NN — COCO O N O CO CO uoNcqoocq N- — * N* IO* t— ’ N-ONCOCO co io io o — 00-0000 io — NON kONf-O — odeo*N*o'eo* O00NNN N O — O) 00 k«*0)— *N^CO* kO — — — — 00 coo N — CON — kO CON — N- co’ N* o' N-* — * — — N-NONN- — OOOON — « — cqoo N**CO*t>.*kOCo' ONOONN N'f 0_CON connin'— ' 'C0ON00 IHNCOW * o’ — * IO* o’ ■ ON-a 'N — OOO N* — — 03 p S3 g g-a O 5 g B o 2 S c55o- iS'C u. CS o o ® o < * z * z a) v * t^oot^oioo oooooot^oo oooooooot- cooo ooooo 00 1'* 00 00 00 05 00 00 00 'dd — d CO -c*< t~ — 0500C0O — 05 — -<*©0 C5CO — 05t» mmdOOCO IHrtHrt NNHHH HHH rtNNH — — NhNHN £S ^ o OiCOWNOl 000505CO-* WNW. 00 Tf CO 05 kb »0 CO t- Tt> — t-^coeo eo -*< d t- co O0t~t~C~ — co Tf co oo >o»s 1X5^® 005 05 CO »o d05d 00 00 r- r- co oo ' NNNific tOb-CO-tfOS f^COOSCOiO OStOt^dCO -IOC5COO d O 05 00 00 MOaON r}< 05 Tf 05 O lOCOOMN ©tOCOCOOS O5O500COX oo — eoooco ©ost^t^to 05b»05T}<00 05 CO — O 00 CO — COtOd cot^r^ooos oot^ — oot» coooo — oo dioeocot- cot 00 CONO¬ CO coco to co ooeoioooo MIOMICN ocot^ooo oocor^coto co co oo to to totot^coco o O b.2 'tla 8 a g >5 a b-OtOttOCO t^C^©»005 coooeodd ^eo-^co t^coco — — oo — oo — t* U3C005C005 o^eoc-co d — ’ — t}< d d d ■«< d —CO — — ' COd'^O I® ^5 <0 rt< lO > 05 d o — C’O— * •2g^ .2:2 ft g.’S' < o Ph ooooo OQOQO ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo ooooo CDdCOiOcO co d oo in eo t~ — d *0 05 rf CO* oo* o" r~ mmodco MdOlifO coooosoo — 05 d oo cot- -r -t co_ -* oq — oo d* co* tjT eo m oo co b- o-ond NNOOd® OOifdNM 00 05 05t005 Tt8 I § § O 2 JO g o <«uu « a cs.S 2 i-O MO 2-2’E o-s o „2 «-2 UD^Oh £*£*35 1*0 3 0 I CA 3 2 aJ- S S ijs fl >1 S' L' o.a-'C C. s » 3 5 i-1 G w ed « $Jt>° O — — — — — .2 ® O V o o o nlSSSS zzzzz 1,649,820 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 133 T}1 CO 50 '(f — NMNK1N iONOOl> — 00 COIN eo 00 00 OOO 00 00 50 00 b- 00 O 00 b- 05 t~00 05 © -*iNCOOOlN 05 0 COIN 05 iN IN 00 (N — 1 60 --t< — 501>000 -* — — •^(50 -*05 — O ■^CO-^-’loO -*-*-* coco --*6D-*^<50 coco >o ^OONO O-*t^ eo 100000N CO CO CO C5t-h 50O-*. Tf CO OOHOiOO — — ' — 50 — CO — — ' — ooooo ooooo ooooo coo o OOQOO ooooo ooooo ooo o ooooo ooooo ooooo ooo o -}< — r COIN Tto 0-^00 CO Tjt oseocooob- eoiom co COlCOCN O -f Tio'»OTjr oo'ooso o — 6DOb-b- INOCO CO ^NNMO OOO— CO* — — — o a 3 « \ .2 !S m T3 3 ■fl -> 134 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Table 52. — Teachers employed in private and parochial schools, by State, 1939-40 State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Total in elementary and secondary schools Elementary and kindergarten schools Secondary schools Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Continental United States.. 94,977 14,594 80,383 64,847 3,047 61,800 30,130 11,547 18,583 Alabama - - 458 102 356 272 38 234 186 64 122 Arizona _ 241 38 203 173 3 170 68 35 33 Arkansas _ 329 67 262 204 14 190 125 53 72 California _ 3,408 651 2,757 1,997 126 1,871 1,411 525 886 Colorado.. . — 770 179 591 451 52 399 319 127 192 Connecticut _ 2,268 540 1,728 1,343 35 1,308 925 505 420 Delaware _ 325 72 253 214 16 198 111 56 55 Florida - 555 104 451 305 11 294 250 93 157 Georgia _ 391 143 248 163 9 154 228 134 94 Idaho - 129 16 113 84 5 79 45 11 34 Illinois _ 8,368 1,213 7,155 6,094 339 5,755 2,274 874 1,400 Indiana _ 1,774 263 1,511 1,265 42 1,223 509 221 288 Iowa _ 2,263 253 2,010 1,500 44 1,456 763 209 554 Kansas - 1,187 115 1,072 857 19 838 330 96 234 Kentucky _ 1,471 196 1,275 909 13 896 562 183 379 Louisiana - - 1,782 354 1,428 1,230 129 1,101 552 225 327 Maine _ 1,024 202 822 667 33 634 357 169 188 Maryland _ 1,733 313 1,420 1,118 82 1,036 615 231 384 Massachusetts _ 6,150 902 5,248 4,180 161 4,019 1,970 741 1,229 Michigan - 4,051 464 3,587 2,769 159 2,610 1,282 305 977 Minnesota _ 2,687 313 2,374 1,971 35 1,936 716 278 438 Mississippi . . 417 97 320 246 31 215 171 66 105 Missouri _ 2,838 328 2,510 2,049 47 2,002 789 281 508 Montana _ 413 68 345 302 39 263 111 29 82 Nebraska - 906 179 727 616 101 515 290 78 212 Nevada _ 8 8 8 8 New Hampshire _ 955 "'298* 657 564 38* 526 391 260 131 New Jersey - 4,420 588 3,832 3,120 54 3,066 1,300 534 766 New Mexico _ 698 126 572 540 79 461 158 47 111 New York _ 14,028 2,138 11,890 10,035 627 9,408 3,993 1,511 2,482 North Carolina . . 466 106 360 265 9 256 201 97 104 North Dakota _ 524 85 439 373 28 345 151 57 94 Ohio _ _ 5,160 559 4,601 3,501 20 3,481 1,659 539 1,120 Oklahoma _ 498 52 446 339 5 334 169 47 112 Oregon _ 561 71 490 325 3 322 236 68 168 Pennsylvania _ 9,929 1,384 8,545 6,977 218 6,759 2,952 1,166 1,786 Rhode Island _ 1,139 228 911 800 34 766 339 194 145 South Carolina - 211 55 156 102 12 90 109 43 66 South Dakota _ 325 35 290 227 14 213 98 21 77 Tennessee _ 636 266 370 312 79 233 324 187 137 Texas _ 2,270 323 1,947 1,674 129 1,545 596 194 402 Utah . . 133 21 112 80 8 72 53 13 40 Vermont _ 485 95 390 275 3 272 210 92 118 Virginia _ 825 281 544 274 25 249 551 256 295 Washington - 890 152 738 517 19 498 373 133 240 West Virginia _ 329 67 262 187 2 185 142 65 77 Wisconsin _ 3,748 348 3,400 2,952 33 2,919 796 315 481 Wyoming - 70 11 59 55 11 44 15 . 15 District of Columbia _ 731 133 598 366 14 352 365 119 246 Outlying parts of the United States.. 1,385 265 1,074 837 111 726 502 154 348 Alaska _ 26 American Samoa _ 20 Hawaii _ 790 184 606 482 79 403 308 105 203 Puerto Rico _ 521 81 440 331 32 299 190 49 141 Virgin Islands _ 28 . 28 24 . 24 4 0 4 Table 53. — Pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, by State, 1939-40 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 135 Table 53.- — Pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, by State, 1939-40 — Continued 136 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 cn Girls 1,771 10,654 950 34,288 973 1,047 14,445 978 1,484 25,889 2,048 1,052 733 1,973 4,397 304 1,487 3,305 2,648 1,042 6,120 105 2,787 4,834 3,074 1,706 54 O c5 02 >» C§ 73 0 o Boys r^tOOOOO NNOiON ©OOINW TfOO>«H Cl OCKO © iOhnh t^tCXNTtiiO t'- 't' M i-H ©-t- © ©oor^©eo ©oo cs eici oo i-T ©ei co" eo i-Teo«-T .-h © .-T > a aj 1 3 Total 230 20,379 103,340 11,415 339,903 3,698 8,276 130,727 8,854 7,796 251,809 27,445 3,052 6,685 7,725 44,537 1,165 8,415 7,437 13,693 6,529 103,152 1,267 11,222 21,595 12,412 7,992 1,191 >> c3 73 0 O o OOOtNOO© ©©©iO .£ 1 I i & 1 1 153 183 1,638 342 1,078 165 251 117 76 1,251 1,126 1,416 799 852 962 579 910 3,761 2,385 1,751 195 1,814 248 451 8 502 2,529 430 7,057 l g @ - 7 58 27 1 9 -2 :£3 p 21 49 248 i ber of schools I S r- ;ass8 2ssss sesgg gagas -sgsg State or District of Columbia Continental United States . A UKamn Arizona . . ... . Arkansas _ _ _ _ - California. . . Colorado.. . . . . . . Connecticut . . Delaware.. . . . . Florida . . . ucurKia.. - — - - Idaho . . . . . Illinois . . . . . Indiana - - - Iowa _ _ _ _ _ _ Kansas.... . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . . . . . Maine . . . Maryland . . . Massachusetts . . . . Michigan Minnesota _ _ _ Mississippi - - Missouri . . Montana. _ . _ Nebraska.... _ _ Nevada _ _ New Hampshire . . . Hi Table 54. — Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, by State, 1939-401 — Continued 138 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 and 1940-42* STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1939-40 and 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER IV FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION *Because of the war, the statistics for 1939-40 were delayed in printing until after data were available for 1941-42. Therefore, to save paper and printing funds, the data for 1941-42 have been combined in this chapter with those for 1939-40. There will be no separate Biennial Survey of Education, 1940-42. $sh '< - .-*$■«■■ v >: m A-- >r--vv.\ >:• ■ ; :'■'. -?y ■, v ♦•■ ' ",V T ■: ' ... ; • . ■ ■ v-- ' * "’; •■'. .. • »# ; :m ;• i m Wm$i^ ^S? $ ft h ■ • ' ■' “ /■ •'■• \ . v . • ;• Hf Mi ■;-/*• :> ■;■ / % 4 V v fp| .> fe • t*. ■'• h. A •:*. . • :'m\ l > — ;?■ • ■* ' ■■&' • lj§ - W* few ^ ,\ *3pf M ' - - v - v - * ■• M ' : *» * - *i ssicij^ . i iw- $■} , v . \ fife * H 1 s • '••>/.:- r £ BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 and 1940-42 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1939-40 and 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER IV By HENRY G. BADGER Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics FREDERICK J. KELLY Chief , Division of Higher Education and LLOYD E. BLAUCH Senior Specialist in Higher Education FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Paul V. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION John W. Studebaker, Commissioner The statistical volume of the Biennial Survey of Educa¬ tion is prepared under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics. The general statistical editing and tabulating for this Chapter were done by Magaret J. S. Carr and Maude Farr, Senior Statistical Clerks. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1944 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Contents Part I. All Institutions of Higher Education Page General Findings and Interpretations _ 1 General trends _ 2 Staff _ 6 Ratio of men to women staff members _ 8 Students _ 9 Ratio of men to women students _ 12 Comparison of public and private institutions _ 14 Students in arts and sciences and in professional schools _ 14 Students enrolled for first time _ , _ 15 Special types of students _ 16 Degrees _ 16 Earned degrees _ 16 Honorary degrees _ 18 College work completed by persons 25 years old and. over _ 19 Income _ 21 Student fees _ 23 Endowment earnings _ 23 Public funds _ 23 Private gifts and grants _ 27 Nonsalaried service _ 27 Sales and services of organized activities _ 28 Miscellaneous and unitemized income _ 28 Expenditures _ 29 Educational and general expenditures _ 29 Other expenditures _ 30 Property _ 31 Permanent funds _ 31 Buildings, grounds, and equipment _ 32 Text Tables: I. Number and classification of institutions of higher education, 1939-40 and total number 1941-42 _ 2 II. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education as a percent of the population, 1890-1942 _ 4 III. Junior colleges and their enrollment, 1917-18 to 1941-42 _ 6 IV. Resident instructional staff in institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 7 V. Resident instructional staff in subcollegiate work, excluding train¬ ing schools, in institutions of higher education, by sex, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 7 VI. Staff in institutions of higher education engaged in special types of work, 1937-38, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 8 VII. Staff in institutions of higher education, by type, level, control, and sex, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 9 in IV CONTENTS Text Tables — Continued. Page VIII. Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 10 IX. Resident college enrollments in institutions of higher education, by division and State, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 11 X. Resident college enrollments in institutions of higher education, by type, level, control, and sex, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 13 XI. Number of students enrolled for first time in institutions of higher education, by level, type, and control, 1931-32 to 1941-42 _ 15 XII. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of recipient and division, 1929-30, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 17 XIII. Honorary and earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 19 XIV. College work completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State, 1940 _ 20 XV. Educational and general income of institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by division, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 22 XVI. Educational and general income of institutions of higher educa¬ tion, 1929-30, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 24 XVII. Current receipts per capita from public sources 1939-40 and from private gifts and grants 1939-40 and 1941-42, institutions of higher education, by division and State _ 26 XVIII. Estimated value of nonsalaried service in institutions of higher education, 1931-32 to 1941-42 _ 28 XIX. Educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education, by division, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 29 XX. Educational and general expenditures of degfee-granting institu¬ tions of higher education, excluding teachers colleges, by control, 1 937-38, 1 939-40 and 194 1-42 _ : _ _ _ _ 30 Summary Tables: 1. Historical summary 1890-1942 _ 33 2. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1938-42 _ 34 3. Financial data, 1938-42 _ . _ 38 4. Staff, students and degrees of institutions of higher education, 1941-42 and total 1939-40 _ 44 5-A. Staff of institutions of higher education, by type of #work and control, by State, 1939-40 _ 48 5-B. Staff of institutions of higher education, by State 1941-42 _ 50 6. Miscellaneous types of enrollment in institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by control, by State, 1939-40 _ 52 7. Resident student enrollment in professional schools, including teacher-training institutions, by sex, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 54 8. Students graduated from teacher-training curricula, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 54 9. Specialization of graduates of institutions of higher education prepared to teach in selected fields, 1939^-40 and 1941-42 _ 55 10. Degrees conferred in arts and sciences by institutions of higher education, including teacher-training institutions, by major subject, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 55 11. Degrees conferred in professional schools, including teacher- training institutions, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 56 12. Non-degree graduates of institutions of higher education, by State, 1939-40 and 1941-42 _ 57 CONTENTS V Summary Tables — Continued. Page- 13-A. Income of institutions of higher education, by control, by State, 1939-40 _ 58 13-B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 62 13- C. Privately controlled institutions _ 66 14- A. Income of institutions of higher education, by control, by State, 1941-42 _ 70 14-B. Publicly controlled institutions _ 74 14- C. Privately controlled institutions _ 78 15- A. Specifically designated income of institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by State, 1939-40 _ 82 15-B. Specifically designated income of institutions of higher educa¬ tion, by State, 1941-42 _ 84 16. Expenditures of institutions of higher education, by State, 1941-42 _ 90 17-A. Property of institutions of higher education, by control, by State, 1940 _ 92 17-B. Publicly controlled _ 94 17-C. Privately controlled _ 96 Tables for Individual Institutions of Higher Education: 18. Faculty, students, and graduates, 1939-40 _ . 100 19. Expenditures, 1939-40 _ 154 Part II. Schools of Nursing, 1939-40 Length of course _ 204 Educational requirements for admission to schools of nursing _ 205 Enrollment _ \ _ 207 Graduates _ 207 Instructional staff _ 207 Expenditure _ 208 Schools of nursing for Negroes _ 208 Tables 20. Students and graduates of schools of nursing, 1899-1900 to 1939-40 _ 204 21. Length of courses offered in schools of nursing, 1930-31, 1935-36, and 1939-40 _ 205 22. Educational requirements for admission to schools of nursing, 1930-31, 1935-36, and 1939-40 _ 206 23. Statistical summary of schools of nursing, 1939-40 _ 209 24. Schools of nursing for Negroes, 1939-40 _ 210 Part III. Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, 1938-39, 1939-40, 1940-41, and 1941-42 F ederal legislation _ 211 Land-grant colleges and universities and higher education in the United States _ 212 10-year summary of development _ 212 Detail Table® 25. Staff of land-grant institutions, 1938-39 and 1939-40 _ 214 26. Staff of land-grant institutions, 1940-41 and 1941-42 _ 216 VI CONTENTS Page 27. Students of land-grant institutions, 1938-39 _ 218 28. Students of land-grant institutions, 1939-40 _ 220 29. Students of land-grant institutions, 1940-41 _ 222 30. Students of land-grant institutions, 1941-42 _ 224 31. Resident college enrollment in land-grant institutions, 1938-39. _ 226 32. Resident college enrollment in land-grant institutions, 1939-40. _ 228 33. Resident college enrollment in land-grant institutions, 1940-41 __ 230 34. Resident college enrollment in land-grant institutions, 1941-42. _ 232 35. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1938-39 _ 234 36. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1938-39 — continued. 236 37. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1939-40 _ 238 38. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1939-40 — continued. 240 39. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1940-41 _ 242 40. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1940-41 — continued. 244 41. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1941-42 _ 246 42. Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1941-42 — continued. 248 43. General income of land-grant institutions, 1938-39 _ 250 44. General income of land-grant institutions, 1939-40 _ 252 45. General income of land-grant institutions, 1940-41 _ 254 46. General income of land-grant institutions, 1941-42 _ 256 47. Expenditures of land-grant institutions, 1938-39 _ 258 48. Expenditures of land-grant institutions, 1939-40 _ 260 49. Expenditures of land-grant institutions, 1940-41 _ 262 50. Expenditures of land-grant institutions, 1941-42 _ 264 51. Fund and plant values of land-grant institutions, 1938-39 _ 266 52. Fund and plant values of land-grant institutions, 1939-40 _ 268 53. Fund and plant values of land-grant institutions, 1940-41 _ 270 54. Federal funds received by land-grant institutions, year ended June 30, 1939 _ 272 55. Federal funds received by land-grant institutions, year ended June 30, 1940 _ 274 56. Federal funds received by land-grant institutions, year ended June 30, 1941 _ 276 57. Federal funds received by land-grant institutions, year ended June 30, 1942 _ 278 58. Second Morrill Act and supplementary funds for year ended June 30, 1939 _ 280 59. Second Morrill Act and supplementary funds for year ended June 30, 1940 _ 282 60. Second Morrill Act and supplementary funds for year ended June 30, 1941 _ 284 61. Second Morrill Act and supplementary funds for year ended June 30, 1942 _ 286 62. Land-grant fund of 1862 (First Morrill Act) and other Federal land grants for year ended June 30, 1939 _ 288 63. Land-grant fund of 1862 (First Morrill Act) and other Federal land grants for year ended June 30, 1940 _ 290 64. Land-grant fund of 1862 (First Morrill Act) and other Federal land grants for year ended June 30, 1941 _ 292 65. Land-grant fund of 1862 (First Morrill Act) and other Federal land grants for year ended June 30, 1942 _ 294 STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1939-40 AND 1941-42 PART I. INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION THIS REPORT combines the Biennial Survey chapters for 1938-40 and for 1940-42. The combination of chapters is necessitated by the war-induced shortage of paper and printing funds. The prima¬ ry emphasis is on data for 1939-40, partly because 1940 was a census year, and partly because 1939-40 was the last biennial reporting year of comparatively stable conditions before the entry of the United States into the present war. The data for 1939-40, and those for 1941-42, foreshadow in some measure the profoundly significant changes which came after the close of the period under review. Although the institutions of higher education were beginning to feel some of the impact of the war by the close of 1941-42, most of the changes occurring during that year were of such nature as not to show in the regular statistical reports. Students who dropped out to go into the armed services or into war industry were still carried on the rosters ; and funds already made available to the institutions remained on the books. Extremely few of the institutions closed their doors during the school year. The result is that, whereas the statistical data for 1941-42 show some rather noticeable departures from the trends established up to that time, still greater changes will be shown in later survey reports. Great differences exist among the various States in the number and types* of institutions of higher education (table I).1 In each of two Western States with relatively small total populations, namely, Nevada and Wyoming, all provisions for higher education are con¬ centrated in a single institution. At the opposite extreme are the States of California and New York, each having more than 100 insti¬ tutions. These are governed by a variety of agencies — State, city, district, church, private corporation, etc. ; and are of all major types — university, independent professional school, teacher-education insti¬ tution, junior college, and the like. In four Western States (Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Wyoming) State or local governments control all the institutions of higher education; in many of the other States, the majority of the institutions are conducted by religious or other nongovernmental organizations. The statistical data here summarized were collected by means of a questionnaire, copies of which were sent to every institution of higher education listed in the U. S. Office of Education directories for 1940 and 1942, as revised and supplemented (table I). In a large number 1 Roman numerals indicate text tables; arabic numerals, detail tables coming after the body of the text. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 of cases, data were collected in the course of personal visitations by a member of the U. S. Office of Education staff. In a comparatively few instances in which returns for one of the years reviewed were not available, data for a year or two earlier were used. For the most part, the institutions omitted entirely from the personnel reports are of two types: (1) highly professionalized schools with a limited enrollment of students of college grade, and (2) junior colleges closely associated with schools of less than college grade. It is probable that the figures used are within 5,000 of the true total of college students in" the United States on each date of reporting. Fewer institutions supplied data on finances than on personnel. In most cases, failure to supply financial data is due to lack of corre¬ spondence between institutional records and questionnaire items. Many institutions share their staff or plant with other organizations, especially those of an educational or a philanthropic character. Ex¬ amples of this are the city junior college housed with a city high school; the church college housed with a hospital, an orphanage, or a motherhouse; and the private professional school occupying rented quarters in a commercial office building. In such institutions, making a report on finances entails a great amount of work and sometimes guesswork on the part of the institutional officers, unless the account¬ ing system is specially planned to provide for segregation of accounts for the college from those of the other organizations allied or housed with it. The difficulty is increased when nonsalaried service, non¬ resident management or control of certain parts of the property or equipment of the institution, etc., are also involved. Everything con¬ sidered, however, the finance data presented in this chapter probably include at least 95 percent of the actual totals for the entire Nation General Trends The available statistical data on higher education show certain, definite and significant trends (table I): Table I. — Number and classification of institutions of higher education , 1939—40 and 1941-42 1 State, or outlying part of the United States Total 1939- 40 Univ AN SCH Put cont ERSITIES, COLLEGES, D PROFESSIONAL OOLS Teachers colleges and NORMAL SCHOOLS All institutions, 1941-42 >licly rolled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled Total Pub¬ lic Pri¬ vate De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 2 De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 2 De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 3 De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 3 Continental United States _ 1,751 141 217 853 251 165 80 21 23 1,769 619 1,150 Alabama . _ -- 27 3 1 12 6 5 26 9 17 Arizona . . . 5 1 2 2 5 5 Arkansas 25 4 7 11 1 2 24 13 11 California - _ - 102 2 38 45 10 7 102 48 54 Colorado 19 3 4 7 2 3 16 9 7 Connecticut _ 27 1 11 g 4 1 1 1 28 6 22 Delaware . _ 3 2 1 3 2 1 District of Columbia 25 14 7 2 2 22 2 20 Florida 13 3 1 5 4 14 4 10 Georgia.. _ _ 47 5 11 23 7 1 51 19 See footnotes at end of table. HIGHER EDUCATION 3 Table I. — Number and classification of institutions of higher education , 1939-40 and 1 941-42 — Continued State, or outlying part of the United States Total 1939- 40 Universities, colleges, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS Teachers colleges and NORMAL SCHOOLS All institutions, 1941-42 Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly controlled Privately controlled Total Pub¬ lic Pri¬ vate De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 1 2 * De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing2 De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 2 De- gree- grant- ing Non- de- gree- grant- ing 2 8 1 2 2 1 2 8 5 3 Illinois - - 98 1 8 66 11 6 1 4 1 100 17 83 41 3 1 29 3 2 2 1 40 6 34 64 2 27 25 9 1 62 29 33 45 4 15 16 8 2 44 22 22 40 4 2 16 13 4 1 38 10 28 21 5 1 10 3 1 1 19 7 12 16 1 6 3 2 4 15 6 9 30 3 1 18 3 5 30 9 21 69 2 39 10 11 1 1 5 68 14 54 61 4 8 21 2 4 22 60 35 25 •39 1 9 20 1 6 2 46 20 26 34 4 12 8 8 2 34 18 16 Missouri - __ __ _ 56 2 9 24 13 8 56 13 43 Montana . 10 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 11 8 3 Nebraska - _ - 23 2 2 11 3 4 1 22 8 14 Nevada - _ 1 1 1 1 New Hampshire _ 9 1 3 3 2 9 3 6 New Jersey.. .. _ 36 1 4 20 4 6 1 35 10 25 New Mexico _ _ 7 3 2 2 7 7 New York. .. _ _ 101 4 72 6 2 10 2 5 112 25 87 North Carolina _ 53 5 1 19 20 7 1 54 12 42 North Dakota _ _ 11 2 2 2 5 12 10 2 Ohio . . . . 67 8 54 3 2 66 10 56 Oklahoma _ 37 5 16 8 2 6 40 30 10 Oregon .. _ 20 2 11 2 3 2 20 5 15 Pennsylvania _ _ 98 1 1 75 7 14 103 16 87 Rhode Island _ 6 1 4 1 8 2 6 South Carolina. _ 34 7 16 9 2 33 7 26 South Dakota _ 16 3 5 4 1 3 16 7 9 Tennessee . . 47 2 29 10 4 1 1 48 7 41 Texas . . . 86 9 22 31 17 7 85 38 47 Utah. _ 10 2 4 3 1 11 7 4 Vermont 11 1 5 2 3 11 4 7 Virginia _ _ 42 6 19 12 4 i 42 10 32 Washington. _ _ 23 2 2 9 6 .3 1 23 11 12 West Virginia . . 20 4 1 7 2 6 19 10 9 Wisconsin . . . 64 1 19 4 10 28 2 66 39 27 Wyoming .. _ _ _ 1 1 1 1 United States service schools 4 3 3 3 3 Outlying parts of the United States 13 5 1 6 1 14 7 7 Alaska _ ... _ 1 1 1 1 Canal Zone _ _ 1 1 1 1 Hawaii 1 1 1 1 Philippine Islands _ 8 2 5 1 9 3 6 Puerto Rico _ ... . 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 This table will not check with the U. S. Office of Education, Educational Directory, 1940, Part III, because of the inclusion here of county normal schools and of other institutions of higher education reported since the Directory was compiled. 2 Junior colleges. 2 Normal schools. 4 U. S. Coast Guard Academy, New London, Conn.; U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.; and U. S. Military Academy, West Point, N. Y. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-4 2 1. During the 50-year period 1889-90 to 1939-40 the total number of administrative and instructional staff members at institutions of higher education increased more than eightfold, from 15,809 to 131,552. In 1941-42 the number stood at 134,137, which was 8.48 times the 1889-90 figure. The number of women members of staffs increased more than twelvefold, from an estimated 3,105 in 1889-90, to 37,886 in 1941-42. In 1889-90, women constituted 19.6 percent of college and university faculties; in 1939-40, 28.1 percent; and in 1941-42, 28.2 percent (table I). 2. Since 1890, and possibly an earlier date, enrollment of students in higher education has been steadily on the increase not only in absolute numbers, but also in proportion to the total population of the country, and in proportion to the number of persons of college age (18-21 inclusive). In 1889-90, the enrollment of 156,756 was 0.25 percent of the total population and 3.04 percent of the popu¬ lation 18-21 years of age. The enrollment increased steadily until the economic depression period of the thirties, when it suffered a temporary setback. It quickly rallied from this loss, and increased to about 1939-40. The outbreak of the present war in Europe soon started another decrease (table II). In 1939-40, the total resident college enrollment of the Nation was — 1,494,203, which was 1.13 percent of the total population, and 15.42 percent of the number of persons 18-21 years of age. In 1941-42, the nonmilitary resident college enrollment was 1,398,891, which was 1.07 percent of the estimated population of the Nation, and 15.66 percent of the nonmilitary population 18-21 years of age. Table II. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education as a percent of population 1890-1942 Population 2 Enrollment Enrollment percent of— Year 1 Total 18-21 years of age, inclusive in institu¬ tions of higher education 3 Total population Population 18-21 years of age, inclusive 1890 _ 62, 947, 714 76, 129, 408 84, 219, 278 92, 267, 080 99, 342, 625 103, 587, 955 105, 543, 031 109, 872, 675 113, 202, 319 116, 531, 963 119, 861, 607 123, 076, 685 124, 839, 982 126, 372, 877 128, 051, 867 129, 823, 200 131, 954, 003 5, 151, 067 5, 930, 765 6, 583, 109 7, 335, 453 7, 339, 624 7, 342, 126 7, 343, 794 7, 680, 383 8, 016, 972 8, 353, 561 8, 690, 150 8, 899, 254 9, 057, 618 9, 215, 982 9, 374, 346 9, 532, 710 9, 691, 074 156, 756 0. 25 3. 04 1900 237, 592 264, 345 355, 213 .31 4.01 1905 _ .31 4. 02 1910 _ .38 4. 84 1915 _ 403, 558 440, 742 597, 880 681, 076 823, 063 917, 462 1, 053, 955 1, 100, 737 1, 154, 117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 1, 350, 905 1, 494, 203 .41 5.50 1918 _ .43 6.00 1920 _ .57 8. 14 1922 _ .62 8. 87 1924 _ .73 10. 27 1926 _ .79 10.98 1928 _ .88 12. 13 1930 .89 12. 37 1932 _ .92 12. 74 1934 _ .84 11.45 1936 . _ .94 12.89 1938 _ 1.04 14. 17 1940 .. _ 1. 13 15. 42 1 Q49* Total _ _ .... ..... 134, 407, 385 130, 982, 277 9, 853, 055- 8, 932, 454 1, 403, 990 1, 398, 891 1.04 14.25 Civilian 1.07 15.66 INCREASES, 1890-1942, CIVILIAN ONLY Number _ . _ _ 68, 034, 563 108.1 3, 781, 387 73.4 1, 242, 135 792.4 .82 12.62 Percent 1 Enrollment data are for the school year ending June 30. 2 Data from United States Bureau of the Census. 3 Resident students of college grade, regular session (September to June) only, duplicates omitted. HIGHER EDUCATION 5 3 The number of persons taking degrees has likewise increased during the past half century. The number of pe^ons taking the baccalaureate or first professional degree rose from 15,539 m l 889-90 to 186 500 in 1939-40, but dropped back to 185,346 in 1941-42. The 1939-40 figure is 12 times, and the 1941-42 figure is 11.92 times, the figure for 1939-40. The number of bachelor’s or first professional degiees granted to women has increased at a much more rapid rate than that of degrees granted to men, the i^l^Stotalfor^ omen being 30.37 times the corresponding total in 1889-90, while the total for men is only 8.08 times its earlier corresponding figure. The total number of persons, both men and women, who were granted the master’s degree in 1941-42 was 24.43 times the number granted this degree in 1889-90. The number of men granted the degree increased 16.38 times, and the number of women, 53.24 times. The total number of men and women receiving the doctorate during the same period increased 26.75 times; the number of men, 24.51 times, and the number of women, 64.86 times. 4. The increase in the number of faculty members and students has been accompanied by an even greater increase in the amount of money received and spent. Between 1899-1900, when usable data are first available, and 1941-42, the total income of colleges and universities available for educational and general purposes rose from $35 081 764 to $626,295,821, almost a seventeenfold increase. -Data on expenditures are available only since 1929-30. During the 12-year period between that date and 1941-42, expenditures for educational and general purposes increased from $377,903,377 to $572,465,437, the 1941-42 figure being 1.51 times that for 1929-30. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-4 2 5. Data on property of various sorts held by institutions of higher education are available from 1899-1900 to 1939-40 only. During this 40-year period the value of physical property (buildings, grounds, and equipment) used for educational purposes rose from $253,599,024 to $2,753,780,163, almost a tenfold increase. In the same period the amount of endowment and other nonexpendable funds increased from $194,997,961 to $1,764,603,755, an eightfold increase. 6 . One of the most significant of the comparatively recent movements in higher education has been the development of the junior college. Although this institution originated before World War I, its greatest development has taken place since that time. In the period between 1917-18 and 1941-42, the total number of junior colleges reporting to this office increased from 46 to 461. Their total enrollment increased from 4,504 in 1917-18 to 149,854 in 1939-40, but decreased to 141,272 in 1941-42. This latter enrollment is more than 31 times that in 1917-18. The average enrollment in institutions of this type rose from 98 in 1917-18 (the same for both publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions) to 436 for publicly controlled institutions in 1941-42 and 176 for institutions under private control. Table III. — Junior colleges and their enrollment , 1917-18 to 1941-42 Year All junior colleges reporting Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enroll¬ ment Number Enroll¬ ment Number Enroll¬ ment 1917-18 _ 46 4, 504 14 1,367 32 3, 137 1919-20 _ 52 8, 102 10 2, 940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24. _ _ 132 20, 559 39 9, 240 93 11,319 1925-26.: _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28 _ 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16, 418 1929-30... _ _ 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32 _ _ _ 342 85, 063 159 58,887 183 26, 176 1933-34 _ 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36 _ _ _ 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31,896 1937-38 _ 453 121, 510 209 82, 041 244 39,469 1939-40 _ 456 149, 854 217 107, 553 239 42, 301 1941-42 _ 461 141, 272 231 100, 783 230 40, 489 Staff Institutions of higher education had the equivalent of more than 131,000 full-time administrative and instructional staff members in 1939-40 and slightly more than 134,000 in 1941-42. Actually nearly 147,000 different persons, many of whom were on a part-time basis, were employed in 1939-40, and more than 151,000 in 1941-42. From 1937-38 to 1939-40 there was an increase of 6.4 percent in the equiv¬ alent of full-time staff members, and an increase of 8.0 percent in the total number of different staff members. Corresponding increases from 1939-40 to 1941-42 were: Full-time equivalent staff members, 2.0 percent; total staff, 2.8 percent. HIGHER EDUCATION 7 The total number of teachers conducting resident classes of college grade increased from 102,895 in 1937-38 to 110,885 in 1939-40 and 114,693 in 1941-42. For the decade 1930-40 there was an increase of 34.6 percent (table IV). Table IV. — Resident instructional staff 1 in institutions of higher education, 1929-30 to 1941-42 Year Number Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Year Number Biennial increase (+) or decrease (— ) Number Percent Number Percent 1929-30 . 82, 386 88, 172 86, 914 92,580 1937-38 102, 895 110, 885 114, 693 +10, 315 +7,990 +3, 808 +11.1 +7.8 +3.4 1931-32 _ +5,786 -1,258 +5,666 +7.0 -1.4 +6.5 1939-40 _ 1933-34 _ 1941-42 .. 1935-36 i Collegiate, professional, and graduate, not including critic teachers or subcollegiate teachers. The instructional staff in institutions of higher education who were engaged in subcollegiate work, exclusive of that in training and dem¬ onstration schools, numbered 1,968 men and 1,753 women in 1939-40 and 1,727 men and 1,745 women in 1941-42. They constituted 3.1 percent of the total resident instructional staff in 1939-40, and 2.8 percent of the corresponding total in 1941-42. These figures repre¬ sent a decrease since 1929-30, when the corresponding percent was 3.9 (table V). Table V. — Resident instructional staff in subcollegiate work, excluding training schools, in institutions of higher education, by sex, 1939-40 and 1941-42 Control and type of institution Staff in suba 1939-40 >llegiate work 1941-42 Total Men Women Total Men Women Total _ 3, 721 1,968 1, 753 3, 472 1,727 1,745 Publicly controlled institutions... . ... _ 893 524 369 791 452 339 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ 549 332 217 528 326 202 Teachers colleges _ . 152 69 83 176 72 104 Normal schools . . . . ... _ _ 5 5 6 ' 1 5 Junior colleges... _ .. _ . . 187 118 69 81 53 28 Privately controlled institutions. _ _ .. 2, 828 1, 444 1,384 2,681 1,275 1, 406 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ 1, 676 967 709 1,607 859 748 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ 60 23 37 94 44 50 Normal schools _ . .. ... . . . 50 33 17 52 18 34 Junior colleges _ _ .. .. .. _ _ . ... 1,042 421 621 928 354 574 During the period 1937-38 to 1939-40, increases occurred in the number of staff members engaged in most of the special types of work. In some cases these increases continued into 1941-42, but in others decreases occurred. From 1937-38 to 1941-42 there were net in¬ creases in summer session teaching, in correspondence work, in county 8 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-4 2 farm, home demonstration, and club work, and in agricultural experi¬ ment station work and other research activities. There were decreases of varying sizes in class extension instruction and in agricultural and home economics extension activities (table VI). Table VI. — Staff in institutions of higher education engaged in special types of work,i 1937-38 , 1939-40 , and 1941-42 Increase (+) or decrease (— ) Type of work 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1939-40 to 1941-42 Number Percent Summer session teaching, 1937, 1939, and 1941 _ 34, 145 36, 034 39, 458 +3, 424 +9.5 Correspondence work _ 3,719 3, 766 3, 740 -26 -0.7 Extension class instruction _ _ _ _ 6, 713 6, 704 6,280 -424 -6.3 Agricultural and home economics extension _ 2, 490 2,660 2, 469 -191 -7.2 County farm, home demonstration, and club-work _ _ 5, 824 6,286 6,246 -40 -0.6 Agricultural experiment station work _ . 3, 343 3, 653 4, 048 +395 +10.8 Other research work _ * _ _ . . . 2, 241 3, 032 3, 336 +304 +10.0 1 Includes duplication with resident instructional staff (table IV) . Ratio of Men to Women Staff Members The comparative numbers of men and of women staff members vary considerably according to curricular offerings, highest level of work, and control of the institutions. In the institutions not primarily organized for the preparation of teachers, such as uni¬ versities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, the percent of women was 25.4 in 1939-40 and 25.6 in 1941-42. In the teachers college and normal school group the percent was 54.6 in 1939-40 and 53.8 in 1941-42. Among the degree-granting institutions, the percent of women staff members was 26.1 in 1939-40 and 26.5 in 1941-42. In each of these years somewhat more than half of the staff members of teachers colleges were women, but the actual number of women in the univer¬ sities, colleges, and professional schools (nonteacher-preparing) was greater than the entire staff (both sexes) at teachers colleges. In the junior colleges the percent of women staff members decreased from 47.5 in 1939-40 to 46.00 in 1941-42. Among the normal schools the percent increased from 69.0 to 71.0 in the same period, but the total numbers of staff members decreased so sharply at these institutions that the actual number of women employed suffered a decrease (table VII). HIGHER EDUCATION 9 Table VII. — Staff 1 in institutions of higher education , by type, level, control, and sex , 1939-40 and 1941-42 Staff All institutions reporting Universities, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools 1939-40 1941-42 1939-40 1941-42 1939-40 1941-42 All Institutions Reporting Number... .. _ ' _ 131, 552 134. 137 119, 375 121,604 12, 177 12,533 Percent - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ 33.4 34.5 32.5 33.6 42.5 43.6 Women _ 13.9 14.3 10.3 10.8 49. 1 48.8 Privately controlled: Men . . .. . - 38.4 37.2 42.1 40.8 2.9 2.6 Women... . . ... .. _ . 14.3 14.0 15.1 14.8 5.5 5.0 Degree-Granting Institutions Number. .. . . _ _ _ ... _ _ 120, 184 123, 498 109, 334 111, 675 10,850 11, 823 Percent.. ... _ _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ .. .. _ 33.7 34. T 32.6 33.6 44.7 45.1 Women _ ... .. .. . 13.1 13.7 9.5 10.0 49.0 49.3 Privately controlled: Men _ .. _ _ 40.2 38.8 44.0 42.6 2.4 2.2 Women. _ . . .. _ _ 13.0 12.8 13.9 13.8 3.9 3.4 Nondegree-Granting Institutions 2 Number _ _ 11, 368 10,639 10, 041 9, 929 1, 327 710 Percent.. . . ... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ .. .. _ ... . 30.9 32.6 31.8 33.6 23.8 18.9 women _ _ ... _ 22.7 20.9 19.0 19.5 50.3 39.9 Privately controlled: Men _ _ _ _ _ 19.1 19.7 20.7 20.4 7.2 10.1 Women ... . ... . . _ _ 27.3 26.8 28.5 26.5 18.7 31.1 1 Administrative and instructional, full-time equivalent. * Junior colleges and normal schools. Over a period of several decades the ratio of men to women staff members has changed significantly. The increase in the percent of women from 19.6 in 1889-90 to 28.2 in 1941-42 has already been mentioned. It appears that about 1929-30 this percent became stabilized at between 28 and 29 percent. Scattered data for 1943-44 not within the period covered by this survey, indicate that the war situation has had the effect of increasing the percent of women staff members to 32. 3. 2 This is an illustration of the statement already made about the data for 1941-42 — that changes from normal trends may be expected in the years following that date. Students A total of nearly 1,500,000 resident college students were enrolled in institutions of higher education during the regular session, Sep¬ tember 1939, to June 1940 (table VIII). In addition, more than 450,000 were enrolled during the summer session of 1939. The total enrollment for the regular session showed an increase of 10.5 percent 1 Badger, Henry G., and Frazier, Benjamin W. Effects of the war upon colleges, 1943-44. Washington, D. C.f U. S. Office of Education, 1944. p. 1 (Circular No. 228). 10 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION. 19 38-4 0 AND 194 0-42 over that of 1937-38 and of 35.7 percent over that of 1929-30. The enrollment in the 1939 summer session was 6.2 percent larger than that in 1937, and 17.5 percent larger than that in 1929. Table VIII. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education , 1929-30 to 1941-42 Year Regular session Summer session 1 Enrollment Biennial increase or decrease Enroll¬ ment Biennial increase or decrease Number Percent Number Percent 1929-30 _ _ _ 1, 100, 737 388, 755 1931-32 _ 1, 154, 117 +53, 380 +4.9 414, 260 +25, 505 +6.6 1933-34 _ 1, 055, 360 -98, 757 -8.6 303, 754 -110,506 -26.7 1936-36 _ 1, 208, 227 +152,867 +14.5 370, 026 +66, 272 +21.8 1937-38 _ 1, 350, 905 +142, 678 +11.8 429, 864 +59, 838 +16.2 1939-40 _ 1, 494, 203 +143, 298 +10.6 456, 679 +26, 815 +6.2 1941-42 _ _ _ 1, 403, 990 -90, 213 -6. 0 426, 849 -29, 830 -6.5 INCREASES 1930-42 _ 303, 253 27.5 38,094 9.8 1932-42 . . 249, 873 21.7 12, 589 3.0 1 Preceding the regular session, i. e., summer school for 1929 preceding the regular session, 1929-30. These figures, it should be remembered, do not include the large nonresident collegiate enrollment in correspondence and extension work (table 6), or the enrollment in schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges or universities (part II). When these are taken into account, the known enrollment of students in higher education in the regular session in 1939-40 comes to well over 1,800,000. It is esti¬ mated on the basis of incomplete data for earlier years that the corresponding total enrollment in 1929-30 was approximately 1,545,- 000, and in 1919-20 approximately 750,000. In other words, the total enrollment of institutions of higher education increased by approximately 140 percent during the two decades. By 1941-42, enrollments had begun to decrease. The total for the regular session of 1941-42 was- only 1,403,990 and that for the 1941 summer session was just over 425,000. When nonresident collegiate enrollment in extension and correspondence work and enrollment in schools of nursing are added, it would appear that the entire enroll¬ ment in all branches of higher education in 1941-42 was probably between 1,700,000 and 1,750,000. During the 2-year period from 1937-38 to 1939-40, resident college enrollments increased in every State, this increase exceeding 10 percent in every section of the country, except between Pennsylvania and New Jersey and the Canadian border. Here the gains, although smaller, were still quite apparent. From 1939-40 to 1941-42, enrollments decreased in all the 9 geo¬ graphic regions and in 41 of the States. The greatest loss was in Oklahoma, where the 1941-42 enrollment was only 83.5 percent as large as that of 1939-40. The greatest increase among States was in Connecticut, where the 1941-42 total was 113.1 percent of that reported for 1939-40 (table IX). HIGHER EDUCATION 11 This downward trend in enrollments was also noticeable in the outlying parts of the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico all reported fewer students in 1941-42 than in 1939-40. The Canal Zone reported in increase in attendence at its one higher insti¬ tution. No comparison can be made in the case of the Philippine Islands on account of the break in communications with that country which occurred during the 1941-42 school year. Table IX. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education ,l by ' division and State , 1929-30 to 1941—42 Resident college enrollment Per¬ cent 1941-42 enroll¬ 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 ment is of 1939-40 1, 100, 737 1,154,117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 1, 350, 905 1, 494, 203 1, 403, 990 94.0 79, 816 78, 597 73,248 78, 358 87, 611 92, 021 90, 491 98.3 4, 659 5, 161 4, 536 4, 725 5,306 6, 092 5,625 92.3 4, 846 5, 290 5, 066 5, 171 5,502 5, 897 5, 966 101.2 2,442 2, 678 2, 637 3, 147 3, 514 3, 975 3,898 98.1 54, 424 52, 313 47, 131 50, 439 56,916 57, 772 54,645 94.6 4,262 3, 642 4, 400 5,036 5,081 5, 425 5,818 107.2 9, 183 9. 513 9, 478 9,840 11, 292 12, 860 14, 539 113.1 249, 478 277. 241 244, 192 260, 479 290,797 299,512 283, 155 M.5 156, 730 181, 428 160, 570 171, 664 193, 473 195, 596 183, 166 93.6 14, 662 13, 494 14, 054 17, 633 19,706 20, 515 21, 692 105.7 78, 086 82, 319 69,568 71, 182 77. 618 83. 401 78, 297 93.9 242, 706 235,131 209,840 253, 176 287, 271 322, 602 304,462 94.4 66, 985 61, 417 59, 326 66,346 75, 770 30,558 84, 367 81,674 i 96.8 26,118 26, 993 23,522 27, 126 37, 065 34, 156 92.2 81, 701 75,564 67, 971 87, 772 98,466 107, 074 97,861 91.4 44, 144 45, 613 36, 232 45, 845 54. 324 60,961 61. 831 101.4 23, 758 25,544 22,789 26, 087 28, 153 33, 135 28,940 87.3 130, 045 138, 162 124,680 137, 131 145, 643 163, 531 146,663 1 89.7 24, 884 27, 310 26,425 28,394 30, 069 34, 647 31, 522 91.0 23,688 24, 117 22, 196 26, 452 27,329 29, 753 27,489 92.4 31,458 37, 207 30, 148 31, 690 34, 769 40, 393 37,046 91.7 6, 891 6, 911 7,244 6,118 7,410 8, 332 7,032 84.4 6, 113 6,009 4, 722 5,812 5, 532 6,583 6,206 94.3 15, 685 14, 910 13, 682 15, 766 15, 984 16, 579 14, 168 85.5 21, 326 21, 698 20, 263 22, 899 24, 550 27,244 23, 200 85.2 111,949 115, 540 106, 309 129, 534 148, 683 165, 328 164, 072 99.2 711 804 827 842 981 1, 118 1, 116 99.8 13, 084 13, 141 11, 779 12, 630 15, 365 18, 557 17, 441 94.0 15,944 17, 370 14, 731 19, 263 21, 352 22, 319 22, 714 101.8 19, 316 20, 041 18, 077 20,353 23,155 26, 156 25, 881 98.9 116, 32 11,440 9,142 12, 091 13, 118 14, 444 12, 935 89.6 18,901 21, 246 21, 027 26, 285 28, 730 32, 118 32. 079 99.9 10,666 10, 226 9. 391 11, 252 13, 967 15. 914 16.696 ! 104. 9 15, 838 14, 703 15, 021 17, 738 20. 815 23, 229 23, 826 1 102. 6 5, 857 6, 569 6,314 9, 080 11, 200 11, 473 11, 384 99.2 62, 733 62, 741 58, 522 69, 553 73, 309 81, 673 73,632 90.2 16, 877 19,113 17. 929 19, 862 19,997 22, 414 19,561 87-3 20, 496 20, 459 19, 300 22, 003 23, 578 25, 253 23, 430 92.8 15, 290 14, 328 13, 627 16, 547 17, 817 11,917 19, 987 18. 628 93.2 10, OKU 8,841 7, 666 11, 141 14, 019 12, 013 85.7 87, 098 90, 842 88,677 109, 220 125, 369 144, 384 132,427 91.7 6, 445 7, 502 7, 617 8,762 9, 563 10, 928 9, 179 84.0 11, 180 12, 557 13, 625 18, 090 21,813 .25, 996 23, 467 90.3 22, 770 25, 274 23,264 27, 470 28, 273 32, 908 27, 466 83.5 46, 703 id of table 45, 509 44, 171 54, 898 65, 720 74, 552 72, 315 97.0 State, by geographic division Contin ental United States.. New England. Maine _ New Hampshire. Vermont _ Massachusetts... Rhode Island _ Connecticut _ Middle Atlantic. New York _ New Jersey.- Pennsylvania. East North Central. Ohio _ Indiana. . . Illinois. . . . Michigan.. Wisconsin. West North Central. Minnesota _ Iowa _ Missouri _ North Dakota. South Dakota. Nebraska. . Kansas _ South Atlantic. Delaware _ Maryland _ District of Columbia. . Virginia _ West Virginia _ North Carolina _ South Carolina _ Georgia _ Florida _ East South Central.. Kentucky _ Alabama. .. Mississippi. West South Central. Arkansas. . Louis iana. Oklahoma. Texas _ 591046 0 - 44 -2 12 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION. 1938-4 0 AND 1940-42 Table IX. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education , by diivsion and State, 1929-30 to 1941-42 — Continued State, by geographic division Resident college enrollment Per¬ cent 1941-42 enroll¬ ment is of 1939-40 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Mountain _ Montana.. _ Idaho - Wyoming... _ Colorado _ _ New Mexico ... Arizona _ _ Utah _ Nevada _ _ Pacific _ Washington _ Oregon _ * ... California. . _ _ U. S. Service Schools. Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ Canal Zone 34, 726 39, 621 39, 224 45, 882 50, 982 58, 169 52, 060 89.5 3,897 3,812 1, 177 11,290 2, 635 3, 742 7, 127 1,046 4,549 4, 426 1,402 12, 720 2, 780 4, 493 8, 199 1,052 4, 450 4, 600 1, 191 11,717 2, 602 4, 552 9, 122 990 5, 224 5, 619 1, 682 13, 334 3, 558 5, 008 10, 393 1, 064 5,792 5, 748 2, 047 15, 427 4, 101 5,404 11, 242 1, 221 6,685 6,615 2, 264 17, 376 4, 950 5,969 13, 043 1,267 6, 191 5, 656 2.001 16, 563 4, 219 5, 316 11, 042 1,072 92.6 85.5 88.4 95.3 85.2 89.1 84.7 84.6 98, 786 112,821 107, 578 121, 133 137, 191 162, 657 151,929 93.4 17, 903 11, 796 69, 087 17, 202 11,005 .84, 614 16, 467 9, 208 81, 903 21,315 12, 603 87, 215 24, 296 14, 246 98, 649 26, 226 16, 141 120, 290 22, 624 15, 230 114, 075 86.3 94.4 94.8 3, 400 3, 421 3, 090 3, 761 4, 049 4, 326 5, 099 117.9 86 144 153 193 217 143 2, 478 7, 991 4, 199 £68 151 2, 703 10, 242 4, 851 248 175 2, 368 4, 729 92.5 115.9 87.6 97.5 Hawaii _ Philippine Islands _ Puerto Rico _ 1,005 6,666 1,484 2,017 6, 873 1, 631 1, 601 2 7, 657 1,788 2, 003 8, 970 2,485 1 Regular session only. 2 Estimated. Ratio of Men to Women Students From 1939-40 to 1941-42 the ratio of men to women in the resident student bodies of higher education stood at approximately 3 to 2. Thus in 1929-30 men constituted 56.3 percent of the total; in 1931-32 they constituted 57.8 percent; in 1933-34 and 1935-36, 58.3 percent each year; and in 1939-40, 59.8 percent. In 1941-42, however, they dropped back to 58.3 percent (table X). Data for the years since 1941-42, not summarized here, indicate that the war has changed this ratio quite sharply, so that in 1943-44 it was estimated that the ratio was approximately 1 man to 2 women. These figures may be revised when final reports are available. The slowly increasing proportion of men students during the 1930-40 decade in higher education as a whole was especially noticeable in teachers colleges and normal schools. Here the percent of men in student bodies rose from 24.6 in 1929-30 to 38.9 in 1939-40. In 1941-42 it followed the general trend and dropped back to 34.0 percent. The ratio of men to women students in summer sessions has as a •rule been 2 men to 3 women — just the opposite of that observed in the regular session enrollments. Thus, in the 1931 summer sessions, men constituted 35.7 percent of the total and in later summers they fluctuated between 36 and 39 percent. In the 1939 summer session they rose to 40.8 percent. In 1941 they still constituted 40.1 percent of the total, although since the total enrollment was below that of 1939, the actual number of men decreased from 185,277 to 171,795, HIGHER EDUCATION 13 or 7.3 percent. The influence of the enrollment figures for men in teacher-education institutions upon these percentages may easily be inferred from the fact that whereas in the 1939 summer session, men constituted 27.2 percent of the total, in the 1941 session they numbered only 22.1 percent. Table X. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education , by type, level , control, and sex, 1939—40 and 1941-42 Item All institutions re¬ porting Universities, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional sceools Teachers colleges and normal schools 1939-40 1941-42 1939-40 1941-42 1939-40 1941-42 Regular Session All institutions reporting: Enrollment. .. _ _ _ _ 1, 494, 203 1, 403, §90 1, 317, 158 1, 259, 045 177, 045 144,945 Percent.. - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ _ _ 31.5 29.8 30.7 29.5 37.6 32.9 Women... . _ _ 21.8 22.3 17.0 17.7 57.5 62.2 Privately controlled: Men. . ... _ .. .... 28.3 28.5 31.9 31.6. 1.3 1.1 Women _ 18.4 19.4 20.4 21.2 3.6 3.8 Degree-granting institutions: Enrollment. _ _ 1, 331,200 1, 257, 952 1, 167, 304 1, 117, 773 163,896 140, 179 Percent _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ 30.4 28.7 29.2 28.1 38.7 33.6 Women . . . 20.6 21.3 15.4 16.1 57.3 62.5 Privately controlled: Men.. _ _ 30.4 30.4 34.5 34.1 1.3 1.0 Women _ _ _ _ . . ... 18.6 19.6 20.9 21.7 2.7 2.9 Non-degree-granting institutions: Enrollment _ . _ ... . ... 163, 003 146, 038 149, 854 141, 272 13, 149 4,766 Percent... . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men _ 40.7 39.8 42.2 40.7 23.1 12.4 Women... _ _ _ 32.0 31.4 29.6 30.7 60.5 54.3 Privately controlled: Men _ 11.0 11.5 11.8 11.7 2.3 3.6 Women _ _ _ 16.3 17.3 16.4 16.9 ' 14.1 29.7 1939 1941 1939 1941 1939 1941 Summer Session All institutions reporting: Enrollment _ 456, 679 426, 849 344,488 340,247 112, 191 86,602 Percent _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men.. . .. _ . . ... _ 25.2 23.6 24.9 24.4 26.0 20.7 Women _ _ 36.0 34.9 25.7 25.4 67.9 71.8 Privately controlled: Men . . . . .. 15.4 16.6 20.0 20.5 1.2 1.4 Women.. .. _ _ _ _ 23.4 24.9 29.4 29.7 4.9 6.1 Degree-granting institutions: Enrollment _ 439, 922 409, 004 332,204 323, 550 107, 718 85, 454 Percent- . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Publicly controlled: Men. . . . . . . . 25.3 23.2 24.9 23.8 26.2 20.8 Women .. . . . . 35.8 34.8 25.5 25.0 67.6 71.8 Privately controlled: 1.4 Men . . . . 15.5 16.9 20.2 21.0 1.3 Women _ _ _ _ _ 23.4 25.1 29.4 30.2 4.9 6.0 14 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-4 2 Table X. — Resident college enrollment in institutions of higher education , by type, level, control, and sex, 1939-40 and 1941-42 — Continued Item All institutions re¬ porting Universities, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools Teachers colleges and normal schools 1939-40 1941-42 1939-40 1941-42 1930-40 1941-42 Summer Session— Continued Non-degree-granting institutions: Enrollment _ . . . . Percent . . . . . Publicly controlled: Men. . . . . _ _ _ _ Women _ _ . . _ Privately controlled: Men. .. _ _ _ 16, 757 100.0 17, 845 100.0 12,284 100.0 16, 697 100.0 4, 473 100.0 18148 100.0 22.7 43.4 11.9 22.0 33.2 36.4 9.9 20.5 23.3 32.4 16.1 28.2 34.6 34.1 10.5 20.8 21.2 73.5 .3 5.0 12.7 70.9 Women _ _ 16.4 Comparison of Public and Private Institutions For some years there has been an increasing tendency for students to attend publicly controlled institutions of higher education as contrasted with those under private control. In 1929-30, the first year for which such data are available, 48.8 percent of all regular- session resident college enrollments were in institutions under public control. In 1931-32, only 48.1 percent were so enrolled; in 1933-34, 50.2 percent; in 1935-36, 50.8 percent; in 1937-38, 51.0 percent; and in 1939-40, 53.3 percent. The 1941-42 figure, 52.1 percent, was only a little below that of the preceding report (table X). Thus the growth in enrollments during the 1939-40 decade was at a more rapid rate in the publicly controlled institutions than in those pri¬ vately controlled. This tendency has been especially noticeable at the junior college level and in the teacher-education field, and least noticeable in the liberal arts and certain professional fields. Publicly controlled institutions for some time have regularly en¬ rolled more than half the summer session students. In 1937 and 1939 they enrolled more than 60 percent of the totals, and in the summer of 1941 they enrolled more than 58 percent. The influence of the figures for the teacher-education institutions, more than 90 percent of whose students are in publicly controlled institutions, is again quite apparent.* Students in Arts and Sciences and in Professional Schools Traditionally, resident college enrollments in arts and sciences have exceeded those in professional schools. Thus in 1937-38 the arts and sciences group comprised 54.2 percent of the total; in 1939-40 they comprised 53.4 percent; and in 1941-42, 54.6 percent. This does not mean, however, that fewer than half of the college and university students in the Nation are making their college days a period of professional preparation. Many are doing it within the framework and under the auspices of a liberal arts college organiza¬ tion. Examples of this are the arts graduates with majors in com¬ merce and business, in home economics, in journalism, in education, etc., as reported by liberal arts colleges (table 10). When these grad- HIGHER EDUCATION 15 uates from professional curricula in liberal arts schools are added to the graduates from distinctly professional schools, the true extent of the professional and technical work done in present-day higher education is better understood. The percents of men in arts and science institutions for 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1941-42 were 54.6, 55.1, and 53.2, respectively; whereas corresponding percents in professional schools were 65.5, 65.6, and 64.5. That is, out of 20 students in arts and sciences, 11 are men; whereas out of every 20 students in professional schools, 13 are men.3 Students Enrolled for First Time In 1939-40 an estimated 417,550 students were enrolled for the first time in institutions of higher education (table XI). This en¬ rollment represented an increase of approximately 50,000 since 1937- 38, when the estimate was 367,980. The increase was general, extending to all types of institutions except privately controlled nor¬ mal schools. In 1941-42 the number of students the first time in college was estimated at 379,070, not greatly above the 1937-38 estimate. These figures appear to show a wide fluctuation in the number of students entering college, but their relation to the total enrollment in higher education is significantly close. In 1937-38 the percent of all students who were in college for the first time was 27.2; in 1939-40 it was 28.0; and in 1941-42 it was 27.0. It should not be considered that these figures represent a count of freshmen. Many institutions enroll part-time students, who spend more than 1 school year in completing the work of a normal full-time year. It seems likely that were a cpunt of freshmen possible in all institutions, it would yield totals somewhat in excess of those here given. Table XI. — Number of students enrolled for first time in institutions of higher education , by level, type, and control, 1931-32 to 1941-42 Item Numbers of students 1931-32 i 1933-34 2 1935-36 3 1937-38 4 1939-40 3 1941-42 Total _ 337, 000 307, 690 366, 740 367, 980 417, 550 379, 070 Degree-Granting Institutions Universities, colleges, and professional schools: Publicly controlled _ _ 94, 770 92, 730 112, 070 114, 350 121,600 116, 726 Privately controlled. _ _ _ 130,660 120,860 141, 710 135, 450 154, 950 145, 157 Teachers colleges: Publicly controlled . . . . 50, 760 39, 710 44,700 38, 010 50, 430 38, 868 Privately controlled . . . ... 1,220 1,480 1, 320 1,340 1, 610 1,240 Nondegree-Granting Institutions Junior colleges: Publicly controlled _ _ _ 34,790 32,980 41,840 52,320 58,700 54, 404 Privately controlled . . . . 14, 830 12, 920 18,200 21, 370 24, 150 20, 485 Normal schools: Publicly controlled. . . 8, 340 5, 970 5,620 4, 150 5,270 1, 635 Privately controlled _ . _ _ 1,630 1,040 1,280 990 840 555 Total number in specified year as percent of 1931-32 enrollment.. _ 100.0 91.3 103.8 109.2 123.9 112.5 1 Estimated from 91.4 percent of undergraduate enrollment. 2 Estimated from 91.7 percent of undergraduate enrollment. 3 Estimated from 93.7 percent of undergraduate enrollment. 4 Estimated from 96.2 percent of undergraduate enrollment. 3 Estimated from 98.8 percent of undergraduate enrollment. 3 For enrollment in professional schools by field of specialization, see table 7. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 In 1937-38, 56.8 percent of the students first time in any college were in publicly controlled institutions; in 1939-40, 56.5 percent; and in 1941-42, 55.8 percent. These percentages, like those in the distribution of the entire student body of higher education by control of institution, show but little fluctuation. The trend seems slowly downward, but it is too slight to be considered significant. Special Types of Students In addition to the regular student enrollment in institutions of higher education, nonresident enrollments and subcollegiate enroll¬ ments of various sorts account for large numbers of persons. Most of the subcollegiate enrollment, especially in the teachers colleges and normal schools, is in practice or demonstration schools of ele¬ mentary or secondary grade, but some institutions include prepara¬ tory departments in their organization. In 1939-40 there were 78,209 nonresident students at the collegiate level who w^ere taking correspondence courses; there were also 214,027 enrolled in class extension work. Nonresident students at the non- collegiate le.vel included 15,304 in correspondence courses and 54,841 in extension work. Short courses, usually not more than a week in length, were taken by 101,283 persons. Elementary and secondary schools of the general preparatory type enrolled 33,672 pupils and practice schools on these levels enrolled 79,945. Individual instruc¬ tion in music, art, speech, etc., was given to 34,063 persons. Finally, no less than 90,782 students were taking military drill. Comparable figures for 1941-42 are: Correspondence (collegiate and subcollegiate combined) 92,904; extension (collegiate and sub¬ collegiate combined) 269,483; secondary (practice and preparatory combined) 52,538; elementary (all types) 48,498; and individual instruction 33,252. Military drill was taken by 110,758 persons, an increase of 22.0 percent since 1939-40. These figures, it should be noted, do not include military training given at the U. S. Military and Naval Academies. Degrees Earned Degrees As would naturally be supposed, the increase in enrollments in institutions of higher education up to 1939-40 was accompanied by an increase in the number of earned degrees conferred. Those totaled 216,521 in 1939-40; they included 186,500 on the baccalaureate or first professional level, 26,731 master’s degrees or the equivalent, and 3,290 doctorates. During the decade 1930-40 the numbers of degrees conferred at the three levels increased 51 percent, 79 percent, and 43 percent, respectively. The sharp increase in master’s degrees was associated with the growing emphasis on this degree for teachers in public schools and for-other types of professional activity (table XII). The decrease in enrollments from 1939-40 to 1941-42 was accom¬ panied by a decrease in the number of persons taking degrees. At the baccalaureate level this decrease was slight — only six-tenths of 1 percent; but at the master’s level it was 7.8 percent. The number .of doctor’s degrees conferred showed an increase of 6.3 percent, bring¬ ing the total at this level to 3,497. The total number of all earned degrees showed a decrease from 216,521 in 1939-40 to 213,491 in HIGHER EDUCATION 17 1941-42 — a decrease of 1.4 percent. The number conferred by publicly controlled institutions dropped only 5 — from 110,176 to 110,171; whereas the number conferred by privately controlled in¬ stitutions dropped from 106,345 in 1939-40 to 103,320 in 1941-42 — a decrease of 3,025, or 2.8 percent. Table XII. — Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education , by sex of recipient and division, 1929—30, 1939—40, and 1941—42 Degree and division Total Men Women 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 1929-30 1939-40 1941-42 Bachelor’s (Including First Professional) Continental United States _ m,m 186, 500 185, 346 73,615 109, 546 103,889 48,869 76, 954 81, 457 New England. . _ _ 10, 970 14, 877 14,677 7,431 9, 777 9,382 3, 539 5, 100 5, 295 Middle Atlantic _ ... _ 27, 218 37,700 39,067 18, 072 22, 810 22, 774 9,146 14,890 16, 293 East North Central _ 27,016 38, 616 37,915 16,406 23, 468 22, 047 10, 610 15, 148 15,868 West North Central _ 15, 898 19, 765 19,194 8, 991 11,873 10, 939 6,907 7,892 8,255 South Atlantic. _ _ _ 13, 196 22,299 23, 270 7, 523 11,951 11,772 5, 673 10,348 11,498 East South Central _ . _ 6, 388 10, 483 10, 347 3,403 5, 502 5,156 2,985 4,981 5, 191 West South Central _ 8,115 19, 278 18, 385 4, 114 9, 798 8, 741 4,001 9,480 9,644 Mountain _ _ _ ... 3,680 6,617 6,146 2,114 3,980 3, 480 1,566 2,637 2,666 Pacific _ _ 10, 003 15, 961 15,254 5, 561 9, 483 8, 507 4, 442 6,478 6,747 U. S. Service Schools. _ .. . (0 904 1,091 0) 904 1,091 Master’s or Equivalent Continental United States _ 14,969 26, 731 24, 648 8, 925 16, 508 14,179 6, 044 to, 223 10, 469 New England. ... . _ 1,926 2,069 2,021 1,387 1,422 1,317 540 647 704 Middle Atlantic _ ... _ _ 4, 945 8,096 6,914 2, 439 4, 369 3, 348 2,506 3, 727 3,566 East North Central _ 2, 927 6,236 6,142 1,844 3, 907 3, 610 1,083 2,329 2, 532 West North Central _ 1,564 2, 372 2,105 1,028 1,713 1,504 536 659 601 South Atlantic _ _ _ 957 1,883 1,832 677 1,275 1,193 280 608 639 East South Cefitral _ 531 1,098 1,054 309 637 479 222 461 575 West South Central. _ 591 2,225 1,972 362 1,317 1,001 229 908 971 Mountain _ _ _ 413 1,011 1,094 270 697 706 143 314 388 Pacific _ 1,114 1,741 1,514 609 1,171 1,021 505 570 493 Doctor’s Continental United States _ 2,299 3, 290 3,497 1, 946 2,861 3, 036 353 429 461 New England _ _ _ _ 329 455 426 289 414 382 40 41 44 Middle Atlantic. _ .. ... . 645 872 873 513 706 718 132 166 155 East North Central _ 629 914 942 550 809 851 79 105 91 West North Central _ _ _ 200 321 390 177 286 358 23 35 32 South Atlantic _ 195 260 358 150 225 281 45 35 77 East South Central _ 35 53 67 31 41 54 4 12 13 West South Central _ _ 25 94 99 20 87 87 5 7 12 Mountain _ ... 10 27 28 10 25 22 2 6 Pacific _ _ 231 294 314 206 268 283 25 26 31 1 No degrees reported until 1931-32; no advanced degrees conferred. The proportion of women taking degrees varies somewhat with the level of the degree. On the baccalaureate and master’s levels, approximately 2 out of every 5 degrees conferred have been awarded to women, a ratio fairly well stabilized since 1929-30. The number of women taking the doctorate since 1929-30 has not increased at so rapid a rate as the number of men admitted to this degree. Whereas in 1929-30 women received 15.4 percent of the total number of doctor’s degrees conferred, in 1941-42 they received only 13.2 percent of that year’s total. However, the actual number of doctorates con¬ ferred on women rose from 429 in 1939-40 to 461 in 1941. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-4 2 Some geographic shifting in the conferring of degrees has occurred since 1929-30. In general, the number conferred in the South and West seems to be increasing more rapidly than in other sections of the country. This is especially true at the advanced levels (master’s and doctor’s), although it is noticeable at the baccalaureate level. In 10 of the 14 fields of specialization in arts and sciences tabulated separately for 1939-40, increases occurred in the preceding biennium in the number of individuals receiving the bachelor’s degree. Library science barely held its own and there were decreases in journalism, predentistry, and prelaw graduates. The number of degrees con¬ ferred by professional schools also increased in most of the 18 fields tabulated, with pharmacy remaining practically the same in 1939-40 as in 1937-38 and with law declining. From 1939-40 to 1941-42, there were again increases in 10 fields of specialization in arts and sciences for which degfees were tabulated in both years. The increase in library science, however, was negligible and that in journalism was confined to women. Agriculture, com¬ merce, education, and the prelaw course showed decreases. Com¬ parative data are not available for the following fields, which were tabulated for the first time in 1941-42: Chemistry, mathematics and physical science, biological science, social science, English, modern languages, and classical languages (table 10). Of the 18 fields in which degrees were conferred in professional schools, 9 showed increases from 1939-40 to 1941-42 and 9 showed decreases. In several fields the changes were slight; in others they were more pronounced (table 11). In general, technical fields re¬ lated to the impending war showed increases, although there were increases also in music and theology. Technical fields showing de¬ creases include agriculture, architecture, forestry, and others. Considerable detail is available concerning prospective teachers who graduated from institutions of higher education (table 8). While women predominate at all levels for which tabulations by sex are available, the 1939-40 tabulations show a proportionately large num¬ ber of men prepared for junior high school and senior high school work. Since that year the numbers of men have decreased markedly. The effect of increasing requirements in the preparation given for teaching is reflected in the decrease of 43.4 percent from 1939-40 to 1941-42 in numbers of persons completing teacher-preparation pro¬ grams less than 4 years in length. In the case of persons completing a 3-year course of this kind, the decrease is from 3,623 to 1,712, or 53.7 percent. Honorary Degrees In 1939-40 a total of 1,452 honorary degrees were conferred, all but 170 of them by institutions under private control. Among the publicly controlled institutions one honorary degree was conferred for every 648 earned degrees awarded; among the privately controlled institutions the corresponding ratio was 1 to 83. In 1941-42, although the number of earned degrees decreased somewhat, the number of honorary degrees conferred increased to 1,619, which was 167, or 11.5 percent, more than the 1939-40 total. Of the 1941-42 total all but 189 were conferred by institutions under private control. Among the publicly controlled institutions one honorary degree was conferred for every 583 earned degrees awarded; HIGHER EDUCATION 19 among the privately controlled institutions the ratio was 1 to 72 (table XIII). Table XIII. — Honorary and earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education , 1929-30 to 1941-42 School year Institutions conferring degrees Number of— Honorary degrees conferred Earned degrees conferred Ratio of honorary to earned degrees 1929-30 _ 941 1,347 139, 752 1:104 1931-32 _ 984 1,167 160, 084 1:137 1933-34 _ .* _ _ 1,002 1,280 157, 279 1:123 1935-36 _ 1,086 1,347 164, 197 1:122 1937-38 _ 1,118 1,500 189, 503 1:126 1939-40 _ 1, 154 1,452 216, 521 1:149 Publicly controlled institutions _ 307 170 110, 176 1:648 Privately controlled institutions. _ _ 847 1,282 106, 345 1:83 1941-42 _ 1,186 1,619 213, 491 1:132 Publicly controlled institutions _ . _ ... 328 189 110, 171 1:583 Privately controlled institutions. .. _ .. . 858 1,430 103, 320 1:72 College Work Completed by Persons 25 Years Old and Over For the first time in the history of the Nation, data are available on the educational attainments of the total population. According to the 1940 Census,5 4.6 percent of all persons 25 years of age and older who reported on their educational attainments were college graudates. In addition, 5.5 percent have completed 1, 2, or 3 years of work, but have not graduated. In other words, 1 out of every 10 persons 25 years of age or older has had the benefit of at least a year of college training. The extent to which the adult population has had the opportunity to acquire college training varies sharply from State to State and from one section of the country to another (table XIV). The region with the highest average of persons with 1 or more years of training, including graduates, is the Pacific, which includes California, Oregon, and Washington. Here 14.8 percent, or roughly one-seventh, of the entire population is so reported. At the other end of the scale is the East South Central region (Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, and Mississippi), where 7.4 percent, or approximately one-fourteenth of the population has had at least a year of college training. Among the individual States, highest rank is held by the District of Columbia, with 20.8 percent, and Utah, with 17.2 percent. At the opposite end of the scale are Alabama (7.1 percent) and Arkansas (6.4) (table XIV). The range in college graduates is from 2.3 per¬ cent in Arkansas and 2.9 in Alabama to 6.8 in California and 11.1 in the District of Columbia. The range for nongraduates who have had at least a year of training is from 6.4 percent in Arkansas and 7.1 in Alabama to 9.8 in Idaho and 11.0 in Utah. * See Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940, Series P-10, No. 8. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 AND 1940-42 Table XIV. — College work completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State, 1940 State, by geographic division College Wor: 1-3 years k Completed i 4 years Number Percent 2 Number Percent 2 Continental United States. _ _ ... 4, 075, 148 5.5 3, 407, 331 4.6 New England _ _ _ 242, 898 4.9 248, 272 5.0 Maine _ _ _ _ _ ' .. 25, 235 5.3 15, 952 3.4 New Hampshire _ _ . . . . . 16, 097 5.6 12, 563 4.3 Vermont. _ _ . _ _ ... . . ... .. ... . 11,363 5.6 8,388 4.1 Massachusetts... _ _ _ . 129, 853 5.0 142, 699 5.6 Rhode Island. .. . . .... _ .. . . . 14, 387 3.4 18, 926 4.5 Connecticut _ _ _ _ _ 45, 963 4.6 49, 744 4.9 Middle Atlantic. . _ ... .. . .. 667, 152 4. 1 823; 762 5.1 New York _ . . . . . . . . 341,711 4.2 461,810 5.6 New Jersey . . . . . . . _. . . 101,500 4. 1 127, 436 5.1 Pennsylvania.. ... .. . . . 223, 941 4.0 234, 516 4.2 East North Central _ _ _ 824, 654 5.3 664, 992 4.3 Ohio _ _ _ 203, 026 5V0 180, 860 4.5 Indiana.. . . . . .... ... _ ... 103, 483 5.2 76, 394 3.9 Illinois _ . ... . . . . . 258, 083 5.4 216, 477 4.5 Michigan.. _ ... . ... _ 158, 090 5.3 121, 201 4. 1 Wisconsin _ . .... . . . .. .. 101, 972 5.7 70, 060 3.9 West North Central _ 511, 245 6.6 320, 911 4.2 Minnesota _ _ _ _ _ 105, 615 6.7 67, 093 4.2 Iowa _ _ _ . _ 101, 440 7.0 61, 024 4.2 Missouri _ . _ _ ... _ _ 120, 761 5.4 88, 180 3.9 North Dakota _ . . .. . . _ _ 25, 959 8.0 11,638 3.6 South Dakota _ . . ... .. .. . . 28, 321 8.3 13, 020 3.8 Nebraska... _ _ _ . _ _ •_ _ .. 54, 689 7.3 32, 029 4.3 Kansas _ _ ...... ... _ ... 74, 460 7.2 47, 927 4.6 South Atlantic _ _ _ 488, 392 5.5 407, 642 4.6 Delaware. _ _ _ _ _ 6, 734 4.3 8, 184 5.3 Maryland _ .. _ _ _ 43, 964 4.3 50, 371 4.9 District of Columbia. . . . . . .. 41, 065 9.7 47, 252 11.1 Virginia _ . _ ... . _ _ _ 81, 730 6.0 60, 616 4.5 West Virginia . _ _ ... .. .. . _ 46, 937 5.1 31, 163 3.4 North Carolina _ _ _ ... . . . 88, 864 5.5 67, 036 4.1 South Carolina . . .... _ .. .. 39, 899 4.8 39, 399 4.7 Georgia _ _ _ .. _ ... . . 73, 099 4.8 50, 512 3.3 Florida. _ _ _ _ .. . . . . 66, 100 6.2 53, 109 5.0 East South Central _ _ 233, 165 4.4 158, 781 3.0 Kentucky . . . . ... . .. . . . . 60, 100 4.2 42, 486 3.0 Tennessee.. _ . . . . . . 71, 665 4.8 45, 916 3.1 Alabama. _ _ . . . 56, 097 4.2 38,960 2.9 Mississippi . . .. ...... ...... 45, 303 4.4 31,419 3. 1 West South Central _ _ _ 405, 493 6.0 271, 552 4.0 Arkansas _ _ _ „ . . . 39, 173 4.1 21,584 2.3 Louisiana . . . . _ 51, 125 4.3 42, 316 3.5 Oklahoma _ ... . _ _ .. 81, 177 6.8 57, 233 4.8 Texas _ ‘ . 234, 018 6.9 150,419 4.4 Mountain _ _ _ 187, 542 8.6 119, 518 5.5 Montana ... _ . ..... .. _ _ _ _ 27, 184 8.7 15, 079 4.8 Idaho _ _ ... 26,504 9.8 12, 185 4.5 Wyoming _ . _ _ _ _ . 12, 275 9.0 6,963 5.1 Colorado _ __ ._ . . . 50, 506 8.0 37, 752 6.0 New Mexico _ _ _ _ 16, 533 6.8 10, 991 4.5 Arizona. . _ _ . _ ... . .. _ 19, 363 7.7 15, 820 6.3 Utah _ _ 29,291 11.0 16, 324 6.2 Nevada _ _ _ .. .. . 5,886 8.9 4, 404 6.7 Pacific _ 514, 643 8.4 391, 901 6.4 -Washington . . . . . . 86, 356 8. 1 59, 454 5.6 Oregon _ _ _ 57, 709 8.6 36, 757 5.5 California _ .... . _ _ 370, 578 8.5 295, 690 6.8 1 Based on number reporting education. 2 Of population 25 years old and over. Source: United States Bureau of the Census. HIGHER EDUCATION 21 Income The income of institutions of higher education may be divided into three main groups: That available for current purposes, that intended for increase of capital assets, and that held merely in custodial fashion. Current funds are those available for the educational and general functions of the institution, its auxiliary enterprises and activities, and a group of activities known technically as “other noneducational.” The educational and general activities are those associated with the instructional and research programs of the institution; they are listed in detail in the discussion of expenditures (see p. 29). The auxiliary enterprises group includes student housing, feeding, and recreation, as well as other activities of this type, which presumably are partially self-supporting. The other noneducational activities include student aid or scholarship funds, funds set aside for the payment of interest on institutional indebtedness, and similar functions of this general type. Capital funds are of two main types: (1) those usable for increase of the buildings, grounds, or other educational properties, and (2) those held for investment, the interest only (not the principal) being usable for current purposes. Custodial funds are those deposited with the university authorities as banker, to be paid out on request of the depositor only. These funds are known among college accounting officers as Agency Funds. Since they do not enter into the actual normal operations of an insti¬ tution, they are not included in the present chapter. In 1939-40 the total income of 1,609 institutions of higher education, available for educational and general purposes, amounted to well over $570,000,000 (table XV). If income of auxiliary enterprises and ac¬ tivities is included, the total goes just over $715,000,000. If to this figure is added the $110,000,000 turned over to institutions for capital purposes, the total amount of money received by institutions during the year in question amounts to $825,000,000. In 1941-42 the total income of 1,628 institutions of higher education, available for educational and general purposes, amounted to something over $625,000,000 (table 3). If income of auxiliary enterprises and activities is included, the total is over $780,000,000. If to this figure there is added nearly $70,000,000 intended for increase of physical plant and permanent funds, the total amount of money received by all the 1,628 institutions during the year amounts to a little more than $850,000,000. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 AND 1940-4 2 Table XV. — Educational and general income 1 of institutions of higher education , by division , 1929-30 to 1941-42. Geographic division . . 1929-30 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Continental States . - - United $483, 063, 219 $491,105, 551 $522, 108. 017 $571, 288, 116 $626, 295, 821 49, 481, 588 102, 612, 904 105, 475, 824 60, 411, 351 47, 891, 693 26, 411, 464 32, 429, 267 16, 608, 286 36, 562, 218 5, 180, 624 51, 490, 074 108, 029, 268 93, 859, 565 53, 058, 453 51, 975, 531 22, 400, 818 41, 092, 433 18, 963. 273 45, 001, 385 5, 234, 751 56, 148, 132 117, 953, 056 106, 595, 882 58, 101, 536 54, 127, 386 25, 493, 505 40, 859, 809 18, 597, 425 44, 231, 286 (2) 57, 508, 119 120, 784, 544 114, 465, 551 61, 777, 852 61, 399, 505 29, 282, 101 45, 552, 253 20, 162, 087 52, 166, 671 8, 189, 433 61, 881, 286 129, 404, 957 128, 017, 117 65, 626, 646 69, 271, 459 31, 860, 357 49, 094, 927 22, 603, 501 60, 346, 138 8, 189, 433 Middle Atlantic _ .... _ East North Central West North Central _ South Atlantic _ East South Central _ West South Central _ _ Mountain Pacific __ _ _ _ . ... U. S. Service Schools __ _ INDEX (1929-30= = 100) Continental States _ . United 100 102 109 118 130 New England 100 104 114 116 125 Middle Atlantic..- _ _ _ 100 105 115 118 126 East North Central 100 89 101 109 121 West North Central _ _ 100 88 96 102 109 South Atlantic _ 100 109 113 128 145 East South Central.. .. _ 100 85 97 111 121 West South Central. . 100 127 126 141 151 Mountain... . _ 100 114 112 121 136 Pacific . . 100 123 121 143 165 1 See table 13 for items included in educational and general income. 2 Data not available. In 1939-40, publicly controlled institutions constituted only 36.9 percent of all institutions reporting on finances, but they accounted for 51.7 percent of the total educational and general income for the year. Of the 1,628 institutions which reported on their 1941-42 financial operations, 605, or 37.2 percent, were publicly controlled; these institutions reported 52.8 percent of the total educational and general income for the year. Receipts specifically designated for increase of plant or capital assets amounted to $110,726,458 in 1939-40; of this amount $66,208,774, or 59.8 percent, was intended for increase of the physical plant (table 15). In 1941-42 receipts specifically designated for these same purposes amounted to only $68,606,891, of which $30,096,440, or 43.9 percent, was intended for increase of the physical plant. Of the total amount of receipts specifically designated for these purposes in 1939-40, $54,780,151, or 49.5 percent, was reported by publicly controlled institutions; the corresponding amount for 1941-42 was $24,001,104, which was 35.0 percent of that year’s total. In each geographic division of the United States there was some increase in educational and general income. This increase has been persistent, although not regular in time or by geographic region, since 1929-30. Regions showing the greatest proportionate advance since that year are: Pacific, 65 percent, and West South Central, 51 percent (table XV). .The least increase in the 12-year period is reported in the West North Central region (from Missouri and Kansas north to the Canadian border) — 9 percent. This region, it should be remembered, includes the greater part of the so-called “dust bowl” of the depression period of the early thirties, so its increase since 1929-30 was made despite unusually severe depression losses. HIGHER EDUCATION 23 Student Fees Income from student fees (for matriculation, tuition, laboratory and library, and other educational purposes) amounted to $200,896,617 in 1939-40. This was an increase of 12.2 percent over the 1937-38 total of $178,996,228. In 1941-42 this type of income amounted to $201,364,782, which was two- tenths of 1 percent greater than the 1939-40 figure. Student fees as a means of institutional support are of much greater importance in privately supported institutions than in those supported by public agencies. Thus, in 1939-40 student fees accounted for 52.9 percent of the total educational and general receipts of privately con¬ trolled institutions, but only 18.6 percent of the total for publicly controlled institutions. Corresponding figures for 1941-42 are, for publicly controlled institutions, 16.6 percent; for privately controlled institutions, 49.6 percent (table XVI). Despite the decrease in com¬ parative importance of student fees from 1939-40 to 1941-42, they still were of greater importance than in 1929-30 for publicly controlled institutions, which in that year derived only 13.4 percent of their total income from them. Although the proportion of the total educational and general income of privately controlled institutions dropped from more than half in 1939-40 to slightly less than half in 1941-42, it would be unsafe to conclude that students are likely to pay a smaller share of the cost of conducting colleges in the future than they have in the past. Until very recently, the trend was markedly in the other direction and it still is for institutions under public control. Further, beginning with 1941-42, economic conditions have been abnormal. Endowment Earnings Earnings of endowment funds, which in 1937-38 amounted to $70,654,211, totaled $71,304,241 in 1939-40 and rose to $74,074,813 in 1941-42. In each of those years, most of the income from this source was reported by institutions under private control, the 1941-42 figure for these schools being $67,067,711. In 1939-40, endowment earnings accounted for 2.3 percent of the total income for institutions under public control and 23.4 percent of that for institutions under private control. In 1941-42, the corre¬ sponding percents were: For publicly controlled institutions 2.1, and for private^ controlled institutions 22.7. Public Funds Income from public funds available for current educational and general purposes amounted to $214,474,746 in 1939-40; this was 37.6 percent of the educational and general total. It included $38,859,955 from the United States Government ; $151,222,535 from State govern¬ ments; and $24,392,256 from county, city and district governments. In each case there was a significant increase over the receipts from the corresponding source in 1937-38. Publicly controlled institutions were naturally the main beneficiaries of these appropriations, receiving approximately 95 percent of the total. In 1941-42 income from these same sources totaled $251,820,909, or 40.2 percent of the educational and general total. Of this amount, $58,231,545 came from the Federal Government, $166,531,881 from the States, and $27,057,483 from local governments. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 AND 1940-4 2 HIGHER EDUCATION 25 It should be noted that despite the great tendency for public funds to go to institutions under public control, in 1939-40 privately con¬ trolled institutions received $10,202,916 from public sources and in 1941-42 they received $18,885,751 from these sources. The line of demarcation between publicly and privately controlled institutions is slowly becoming less distinct. Current receipts per capita of the total population are one measure of the comparative extent to which public funds are available for the support of institutions of higher education (table XVII). Wide varia¬ tions exist from State to State, not only in the total amounts of funds made available from each of the several sources, but also in the amounts per capita. In all States except New York more State funds per capita of population were appropriated than funds from either the United States Government or those from local governments. In this State the influence of the City of New York, with its large College of the City of New York operating on four campuses and providing educational opportunities for thousands of students, serves to raise the average from local governments far above the average. This same influence, resulting from the existence of large municipally main¬ tained institutions of higher education, may he observed in such States as Michigan (the home of W7ayne University), the District of Columbia (with two municipal teachers colleges), Nebraska (with the Municipal University of Omaha), and Mississippi and California (with numerous locally controlled junior colleges). No corresponding per capita figures have been prepared for 1941-42. It is safe to assume, however, that they would follow much the same tendency as shown in those for 1939-40. HOW THE DOLLAR WAS SPENT Administration and general expense 8cens Resident instruction 52.3 cents Organized research 6.0 cents Extension 7. 7 cents Libraries 3.7cents Physical plant operation and maintenance 12 7 cents Organized activities related to instruction 5.8 cents 26 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-4 2 Table XVII. — Current receipts per capita from public sources , 1939-40, and from private gifts and grants 1939-40 and 1941-42, institutions of higher education,1 by division and State State, by geographic division Curren Total t receipts { Public Federal Govern¬ ment >er capita o 1939-40 sources State govern¬ ment I total pop Local govern¬ ment ulation, Private gifts and grants Private gifts and grants per student enrolled, 1939-40 Private gifts and grants per student enrolled, 1941-42 Continental United $1.57 $0. 23 $1. 15 $0. 19 $0.31 $27. 17 $32. 82 New England _ 1.01 .21 .75 .05 .57 52.89 59. 25 Maine _ _ - - 1.60 .41 1. 19 .06 8. 04 18. 55 New Hampshire _ 2.00 .55 1.38 .07 .39 32.34 41. 26 Vermont _ _ _ 1.87 .80 .87 .20 .62 75. 03 60. 84 Massachusetts _ .64 .09 .51 .04 .64 47. 72 55. 36 Rhode Island _ 1.20 .32 .88 (2) .41 53.28 50.60 Connecticut _ ... ... 1. 12 M6 .89 .07 .76 101.51 99. 99 Middle Atlantic _ .94 .09 .55 .30 .32 30. 41 35.71 New York _ . _ 1. 11 .07 / .43 .61 .37 25.41 32. 74 New Jersey _ .. . .79 . 10 .67 .02 .23 46.64 41.73 Pennsylvania _ .77 . 11 .66 (2) .29 34.56 40. 99 East North Central _ 1. 61 .15 1.31 .15 .36 29. 72 36.70 Ohio _ 1. 23 . 11 .95 . 17 .32 26. 51 31. 14 Indiana _ 1.88 .21 1.65 .02 .36 33. 54 56.38 Illinois _ 1.27 . 12 .97 . 18 .50 37. 22 37.11 Michigan _ 2. 17 . 14 1.78 .25 .21 18. 17 30. 63 Wisconsin _ _ 2. 08 .24 1.80 .04 .32 30. 62 40.71 West North Central _ 2. 16 .34 1.67 .15 .34 18.23 35. 79 Minnesota _ _ _ ... 2.43 .27 2.00 . 16 .50 40. 52 57. 08 Iowa _ 2.43 .31 2. 05 : 07 .38 32.83 35. 46 Missouri _ 1.50 .25 1. 12 .13 .35 33. 17 36. 09 North Dakota . . _ 2.49 .69 1.79 .01 .02 1.65 1.27 South Dakota 2.01 - .70 1.31 . 15 14.33 16. 73 Nebraska _ _ 2.37 .43 1.72 .22 . 17 13.38 16.56 Kansas _ 2. 52 .35 1.86 .31 .32 21.27 34.08 South Atlantic _ 1.23 .34 .81 .08 .25 27.44 30. 57 Delaware _ - - 2. 17 .91 1.26 .06 43. 93 55. 32 Maryland 1.03 .22 . 81 .54 ' 53.30 71. 67 District of Columbia 1.95 1. 36 .59 1.86 55.38 43. 17 Virginia _ 1.25 .30 .88 .07 . 18 18.20 25. 31 West Virginia. _ . .. 1. 62 .29 1.32 .01 .02 3. 06 5.93 North Carolina _ _ 1.11 .32 .69 . 10 . 14 15.55 21.90 South Carolina _ . 1.25 .39 .82 .04 . 18 21.98 20. 36 Georgia _ .74 .27 .39 .08 .20 26. 31 26.25 Florida _ 1.60 .22 1.33 .05 . 17 27.45 28. 35 East South Central _ 1. 15 .35 .69 . 11 .21 27.68 35. 08 Kentucky _ ... 1.28 .32 .-85 . 11 . 19 24. 36 35. 91 Tennessee _ .83 .31 .51 .01 .35 40. 74 50. 13 Alabama _ ... 1.22 .34 .84 .04 . 18 24.94 27. 73 Mississippi . . 1.29 .44 .53 .32 .09 13. 36 15. 74 West South Central _ 1.98 .31 1.60 .07 . 16 F4. 82 17.00 Arkansas _ _ 1.21 .42 .78 .01 . 11 19.49 30.33 Louisiana.. .. . . . 2. 84 .30 2.52 .02 .27 24. 61 33.34 Oklahoma _ _ 2. 18 .35 1.83 (2) .10 7.26 8.88 Texas _ . _ 1.83 .26 1.43 . 14 .16 14.06 13.09 Mountain _ 2. 97 .62 2. 17 .18 . 21 14.67 19. 42 Montana _ ... _ 2.40 .64 1.52 .24 .15 12.69 10. 83 Idaho... _ _ 3. 12 .64 2.33 .15 . 12 9. 22 17. 73 Wyoming 2.99 1 34 1.65 .20 Colorado _ .. .. 2.65 .34 2. 16 .15 .24 15. 42 24.38 New Mexico .. - . . 2. 73 .60 1.95 .18 .01 1.54 2. 32 Arizona _ ... 3.79 .59 2. 74 .46 .01 .90 1.61 Utah ... _ 3. 11 .55 2. 48 .08 .77 32.55 37. 92 Nevada. .. _ ... . . 5.04 2. 15 2. 89 .02 1.73 2.36 Pacific _ _ _ .. 2.81 .17 2. 10 .54 .29 17. 34 20. 81 Washington... .. ... _ 2.58 .25 2.25 .08 . 16 10.48 15. 18 Oregon _ • _ 2. 82 .46 2.26 . 10 .37 24. 89 23.27 California. .. _ . 2. 87 . 11 2.04 .72 .31 17. 83 21.60 i Excluding U S. Service Schools. 2 Less than Yi of 1 cent. HIGHER EDUCATION 27 Private Gifts and Grants. Private gifts for current or undesignated purposes amounted to $40,452,846 in 1939-40: an increase of 9.6 percent over the figure reported for 1937-38. The 1939-40 figure was 7.1 percent of the educational and general total for that year. In 1941-42 receipts from this source amounted to $45,916,372, which was 13.5 percent more than the 1939-40 figure, and was 7.4 percent of the 1941-42 educational and general total. As would naturally be expected, the bulk of receipts of this type were reported by institutions under private control. Of special inter¬ est, however, is the fact that private gifts and grants reported by publicly controlled institutions increased from $5,111,424 in 1939-40 to $8,123,899 in 1941-42. Here again is evidence of the fading line of demarcation between publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions. While the evidence is not wholly clear, it appears that not only do publicly controlled institutions receive large gifts from individuals, but they also are frequently the recipients of grants from privately organized philanthropic organizations made for the purpose of financ¬ ing some specially designated type of work. It would appear that some if not most of the philanthropic boards which have large sums of money at their disposal pay more attention to the nature or the quality of work to be subvented by their gifts than they do to the control of the institutions concerned. One measure of the importance of private gifts and grants is found in the amount of these gifts per student enrolled* In 1939-40 the average of these gifts per student for the entire Nation was $27.17, with a range from nothing in Wyoming (a State which has no privately controlled institutions of higher education) to $75.03 in Vermont, where the influence of the private institution is quite strong (table XVII). In 1941-42 the average for the Nation was $32.82, with the range from $0.20 in Wyoming to $60.84 in Vermont. The average increased from 1939-40 to 1941-42 in 37 States; it decreased in 11 States and the District of Columbia. Nonsalaried Service Included in the total of more than $40,000,000 of private gifts and grants for higher education is the item of nonsalaried service, sometimes referred to as contributed service; that is, the gift of actual service for which no cash is paid. It is most common at institutions maintained by religious orders under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, although it is found in other denominational institutions and in some public institutions. Among the Roman Catholic institutions it usually involves the full time of the persons who render it; among the publicly controlled institutions it usually takes the form of part-time service as instructor or lecturer in a highly specialized professional school (medicine, law, etc.). The importance of this form of service has long been recognized by educational officials, for some institutions receive as much as 60 to 70 percent of their total income in this form. In 1931-32, when the U. S. Office of Education first began to collect data concerning contributed service on a Nation-wide scale, the total esti¬ mated value of nonsalaried service reported was $5,102,905 (table XVIII). Since that time the amount has risen each biennium, until in 1939-40 it was reckoned at $7,928,519, and in 1941-42 at $8,610,378. 591046 0 - 44 -3 28 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-4 2 While it has not been analyzed by religious control each biennium, each time that an analysis of this sort has been attempted, it has been found that well over 90 percent of the total reported was in institutions controlled by the Roman Catholic Church. Table XVIII. — Estimated value of nonsalaried service of institutions of higher education , 1931-32 to 1941-42 All institutions Publicly controlled Privately controlled reporting institutions institutions School year Number Amount Number Amount Number Amount 1931-32 _ 141 $5, 102, 905 7 $243, 350 134 $4, 859, 555 1933-34 160 6, 077,877 6, 626, 715 6 82,800 64, 574 154 5, 995, 077 6, 562, 141 1935-36 _ 170 3 167 1937-38 ... 198 7, 176, 944 7. 928, 519 g 61, 763 282,908 190 7, 115, 181 7, 549, 392 1939-40 _ 182 4 178 Degree-granting institu¬ tions _ Non-degree-granting insti¬ 152 7, 420, 553 4 282,908 148 7, 137, 645 tutions. _ 30 507, 966 30 507, 966 1941-42 . 192 8, 610, 378 3 230, 194 189 8, 380, 184 Degree-granting institu¬ tions _ Non-degree-granting insti¬ 167 8, 138, 122 3 230, 194 164 7, 907, 928 tutions 25 472, 256 25 230, 194 Sales and Services of Organized Activities Many universities and colleges carry on activities which do not fit perfectly into any one of the commonly accepted functional classifica¬ tions, but which partake of the characteristics of two or more of them. Such institutions have activities which, while they are related to the institutional program, are not an indispensable part of it insofar as general higher education is concerned. These activities are usually spoken of as Organized Activities Related to the Instructional Pro¬ gram. Examples of them are the farm or the creamery operated by an agricultural college, the laboratory school of a teacher-education institution, a museum or an art gallery not necessarily used for direct instructional work, etc. Furthermore, some educational departments have income of one sort or another, as, for example, the fines collected by a library, the fees for transcripts of credit furnished by the registrar’s office, etc. These likewise fall into the general classification of Organized Activities. Income from these various sources rose from $32,776,630 in 1939-40 to $40,308,019 in 1941-42. In the earlier year they constituted 5.7 percent of the educational and general total; in the later year they constituted 6.4 percent of the corresponding total. Miscellaneous and Unitemized Income Miscellaneous and unitemized income includes interest on current funds, rent on property belonging to the institution (exclusive of dormitories and property held through the endowment fund group) and other sources, usually minor or irregular in nature. Income from these sources came to $11,383,036 in 1939-40, when they constituted 2 percent of the educational total. In 1941-42 this type of income amounted to $12,810,925, which was again 2 percent of the educational and general total. HIGHER EDUCATION 29 Expenditures Expenditures for educational and general purposes, as reported by 1,609 institutions for 1939-40, totaled $521,989,757. If to these expenditures are added the expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities, amounting to $124,184,299; those known as other non- educational expenditures, amounting to $28,514,329; and those for expansion of the physical plant (capital outlay), amounting to $83,764,961, the grand total goes to $758,453,346, or slightly over three-quarters of a billion. It should be recalled, of course, that this figure measures the total 'amount of money passing through the hands of college finance officers during the year and that in some cases it involves duplication. The educational and general figure is the one which most clearly measures the cost of the educational program of higher education (table XIX). In 1941-42 the educational and general expenditures of 1,628 insti¬ tutions of higher education were reported at $572,465,437. Adding in the auxiliary enterprises and activities expenditures of $137,327,911, the other noneducational expenditures of $28,375,432, and the plant expansion expenditures (frequently spoken of as capital outlay) of $50,210,751, the grand total amount of money paid out by college finance officers in 1941-42 comes to $788,370,531, which is 3.9 percent more than the 1939-40 figure. The number of institutions reporting increased from 1,609 to 1,638, or 1.2 percent. Everything considered, the actual amount spent per institution increased slightly. Educational and General Expenditures Expenditures for the educational and general activities of institu¬ tions of higher education were 9.8 percent greater in 1939-40 than in 1937-38, and in 1941-42 they were 20 percent greater than in 1939-40. Thus, expenditures for these purposes increased 31.8 percent during the period 1937-38 to 1941-42, while the net increase in student enroll¬ ment was 3.9 percent. Table XIX. — Educational and general expenditures 1 of institutions of higher education by division, 1929-30 to 1941-42 Geographic division 1929-30 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Continental United States $377, 903, 377 $419, 882, 833 $475, 191, 638 $521, 989, 757 $572, 465, 437 New England _ 37, 015, 077 45, 232, 907 49, 822, 599 52, 748, 223 55, 623, 599 Middle Atlantic _ 81,204,110 95, 009, 156 104,569,111 112,017, 556 120, 616, 202 East North Central _ 79, 793, 879 83, 684, 076 99, 587, 854 107, 021, 860 117, 551,012 West North Central _ 47, 123, 771 46, 965, 765 52, 771, 664 56, 937, 636 59, 863, 683 South Atlantic. . _ _ 40, 906, 959 44, 753, 570 50, 844, 393 57, 679, 220 66, 649, 909 East South Central _ _ 21, U4, 882 20, 482, 397 23, 770, 169 26, 807, 053 29, 601, 098 West South Central _ 25, 603, 016 29, 553, 737 36, 359, 253 39, 271, 203 42, 799, 362 Mountain _ _ 14, 341, 791 14, 443, 875 17, 273, 272 18, 528, 315 20, 422, 316 Pacific _ 30, 799, 892 36, 723, 584 40, 193, 323 46, 032, 103 54, 391, 668 U. S. service schools. . .. _ (2) 3, 033, 766 (2) 4, 946, 588 4, 946, 588 INDEX (1929-30=100) Continental United States 100 110 126 137 151 New England _ 100 122 135 143 150 Middle Atlantic _ 100 117 129 138 149 East North Central. _ 100 105 125 134 147 West North Central _ 100 100 112 121 127 South Atlantic. _ 100 109 124 141 163 East South Central _ 100 97 113 127 140 West South Central _ 100 115 142 153 167 Mountain _ . . . 100 101 120 129 142 Pacific _ . 100 119 131 150 177 1 See table XX for items included in educational and general expenditures. 2 Data not available. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-4 2 Comparatively few institutions of higher education carry on exten¬ sion activities on a large scale. Most of these are degree-conferring institutions. Accordingly, it has been found advisable to analyze the educational expenditures of institutions not offering extension work for the benefit of institutions which do not include it among their activities; expenditures are again analyzed including this func¬ tion for the’guidance of institutions which do offer it (table XX). Table XX. — Educational and general expenditures of degree-granting institutions of higher education , excluding teachers colleges , by control, 1937—38, 1939-40, and 1941—42 Type of expenditure Publicly controlled institutions Privately controlled institutions 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Number of institutions. . 135 141 146 745 767 782 Total expenditures: Amount _ $189, 082, 570 $212, 931, 679 $240, 052, 321 $221, 446, 091 $238, 940, 382 $257, 654, 469 Percent - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Administration and gen¬ eral expense.. _ 7.2 7.8 7.6 11.4 15.3 14.9 Resident instruction . . 46.6 46,7 44.5 52.7 57.3 56. 1 Organized research _ 9.4 9.3 10.1 6.0 3.1 3.8 Extension _ 15.9 14.8 15.8 7.9 1.3 1.6 Libraries _ _ 3. 1 3.2 2.9 3.7 4.2 3.9 Physical plant operation and maintenance _ 10.7 11.4 10.9 13.0 13.8 13.1 -Organized activities re¬ lated to instruction _ 7.1 6.8 8.2 5.3 5. 0 6.6 The analysis of expenditures without extension gives the following: Percent Function Libraries _ Plant operation ai Related activities. Function Organized research. Extension _ Libraries _ _ Plant operation anc Related activities- 1939-40 1941-43 _ 12. 9 12. 7 _ 57. 6 56. 3 5. 6 6. 5 4. 0 3. 7 . 14. 3 13. 7 5. 6 7. 1 _ 100. 0 100. 0 ives: Percent 1939-40 1941-43 _ 11. 8 11. 7 _ 52. 3 52. 2 6. 0 6. 0 7. 7 7. 4 _ 3. 7 3. 4 12. 7 12. 7 5. 8 6. 6 Total _ 100.0 100. 0 Other Expenditures A detailed analysis of the noneducational expenditures and plant expansion expenditures of higher education is not possible from reports collected by this office. In 1939-40 the noneducational group (in- HIGHER EDUCATION 31 eluding scholarship aids, interest on indebtedness, etc.) accounted for $28,514,329; in 1941-42 the corresponding total was $28,375,432. The distribution of this expenditure between publicly and privately con¬ trolled institutions was much the same both years. Plant expansion (frequently referred to as capital outlay) accounted' for the expenditure of $83,764,961 in 1939-40. More than $63,000,- 000, or approximately 75 percent* of the tot al, was spent at institutions under public control. The total expended for tins purpose all institutions in 1941-42 was only $50,201,751, of which less than $30,000,000 was spent by publicly controlled institutions. The - amount spent for this purpose by privately controlled institutions increased from $20,553,992 in 1939-40 to $21,249,634 in 1941-42. Property 4 Permanent Funds Reports on property held in 1940 were received from 1,440 institu¬ tions. Of this number 478, or 33.2 percent, were publicly controlled and 962, or 66.8 percent, were under private control. The total amount of property of all sorts held by these 1,440 institutions was $4,518,383,918 (table 3). Of this amount, two-fifths was in the form of capital funds and three-fifths was in buildings, grounds, and equipment. The total amount of permanent endowment funds held by these institutions was $1,686,282,767, of which $204,048,662, or 12.1 percent, was held by publicly controlled institutions and $1,482,234,105, or 87.9 percent, was held by privately controlled institutions. Thus, it appears that although privately controlled institutions numbered only two-thirds of the total, they held seven-eighths of the total endowment funds. The dependence of private institutions on philanthropy of this type is thus clearly shown. If to the endowment funds held by or for institutions of higher education there are added the $49,536,799 held subject to annuity contracts and the $28,784,189 in the form of student loan funds, a total of $1,764,603,755 is reached: the total amount of capital funds the income of which is available for educational purposes. Of this sum, which slightly overreaches one and three-quarter billions, privately controlled institutions hold $1,545,845,931. A large percent of .the endowment funds is unrestricted as to use; that is, its income may be used for any legitimate purposes of the institutions holding it. A considerable portion of the endowment, however, is restricted as to use. That is, its income may be used only for a certain purpose or group of purposes specified in the terms of the grant. Examples of this are found in the specially named chairs of various subjects at many colleges, the special library endowment at others, endowed prize funds, etc. 4 Data on Funds and Property Values held by institutions of higher education at the end of the 1942 fiscal year have not been tabulated. This discussion therefore refers to 1939-40 and prior years only. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-4 2 Funds held subject to annuity agreements amounted to nearly $50,000,000 in 1939-40. This sum may be compared with that in 1937-38, when the total amount of holdings of this type came to $43,782,400. This type of fund is characterized by transitoriness: that is, the fund is permanent only so far as its ownership by the insti¬ tutions is concerned. As soon as the donor of the fund or the last beneficiary named by such donor dies, the fund immediately becomes available for transfer to some other fund, usually but not always the endowment fund. For this reason, the total amount of annuity funds held by an institution at the end of 2 successive years might change quite sharply as moneys are covered into them or transferred out of them. Student loan funds constitute another form in which permanent funds are held by many institutions. These are funds the principal of which is lent to students, presumably to assist them in attending school. If interest is charged, as is the case in a large proportion of these funds, this interest is customarily used to increase the individual fund or the student loan fund group. The terms on which loans are granted from these funds are determined by the college authorities unless they are set down in the terms of the gift. No data are avail¬ able as to the turnover of these funds, but it is understood that dur¬ ing the depression of the early 1930’s many of them were canceled by college authorities. In normal times, however, they tend to increase by virtue of the interest-bearing provision attached to the majority of them. s The total amount of funds of this sort held by or for colleges and universities in 1939-40 was nearly $29,000,000, which may be com¬ pared with the $25,438,555 reported for 1937-38. Buildings, Grounds, and Equipment Physical property held by 1,440 institutions of higher education in 1939-40 was valued at $2,753,786,163. Approximately half of this was held by publicly and half by privately controlled institutions. Of this grand total of more than two and three-fourths billion dollars, a little more than four-fifths was in the form of buildings, grounds, and improvements. This includes some funds set asid? but not yet spent for construction purposes; no data are available as to the amount of funds of this sort, but they are not large in proportion to the total. Equipment to the value of more than $450,000,000 was held by the various institutions. This includes such varied items as classroom chairs, library books, microscopes, dishes, and table linen; in short, all movable property. Of the total amount reported, approximately 55 percent was held by publicly controlled institutions and 45 percent by institutions under private control. Table 1. — Historical summary of institutions of higher education, 1899-1900 to 1941-42 HIGHER EDUCATION 33 1941-42 134, 137 96, 251 37, 886 1, 403, 990 818, 559 585, 431 1 8 103, 889 81,457 8f 9 n 14, 179 10, 469 3, 497 IS ss Me e ¥ 1939-40 1 2 94, 536 37,016 8 1 - 893, 250 600, 953 1 i 109, 546 76, 954 g g 16, 508 10, 223 3, 290 2,861 429 $571,288,116 521, 989, 757 2, 753, 780, 163 1,764,603,755 1937-38 5 2 87, 990 35, 687 ? 1 * 803, 893 547,012 164, 943 97, 678 67, 265 1 53 13, 400 8, 228 S e* 2,502 430 $522, 108,017 475, 191,638 2, 556,074, 571 1,721,841,136 1935-36 8 s 78, 316 31, 909 1 £ ! 8 709, 672 498, 555 2 1 86, 067 57, 058 1 S 11,503 6, 799 ** 2, 370 400 «$ 491, 105, 551 419,882, 833 2, 352, 418, 489 1,623,105,000 1933-34 , 99, 935 71,592 28,343 2 1 i 615, 720 439, 640 2 2 s 2 11,516 6, 777 088 b 2, 456 374 $388, 725, 397 369, 661,077 2, 252, 877, 465 1, 539, 727, 565 1931-32 100, 789 71, 680 29,109 2 2 667, 181 486,936 138, 063 83, 271 54, 792 19, 367 12, 210 7,157 1 2,247 407 $451, 996, 833 420, 632, 553 2, 207, 294, 577 1,617,688, 390 1929-30 2 jf 60,017 22, 369 g I 619, 935 480, 802 2 S' 73, 615 48, 869 696 n 8, 925 6,044 2, 299 1,946 353 $483, 065, 219 377, 903, 377 1,925,695. 260 1,512,022, 657 1919-20 48, 615 35. 807 12.808 597, 880 314, 938 282, 942 i ‘ 31,980 16, 642 3 2, 860 1,283 1 597 93 $172, 929, 238 747, 332, 944 569,071,287 1909-10 36, 480 29, 132 7, 348 1 8 1 214, 648 140, 565 I s' 28, 762 8, 437 5 w 111 8 376 53 $76,052, 748 460, 532, 209 323, 661, 430 1899-1900 i Si 19,151 4, 717' 1 B 152, 254 85, 338 o 3 22,173 5, 237 1 1,280 303 1 348 21 $35, 083, 764 (5) 253, 599, 024 194,997, 961 1889-90 I " 12,704 3, 105 5 100, 453 56, 303 s 12, 857 2,682 1 816 193 £ ^ SSS £ Item Staff 1 Total _ Men _ Women- - - Resident College Enrollments 3 Total _ Men _ Women _ Degrees 4 Bachekir’s (including first professional) Men _ Women _ _ _ Master’s: Total _ Men _ Women _ Doctor’s: Total _ Men _ _ _ Women _ _ _ Finances Educational and general income _ Educational and general expenditures _ Value of physical property _ . Endowment and other nonexpendable funds _ Table 2. — Staff,1 students, and degrees in institutions of higher education, 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1941-42 34 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 1941-42 Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and nor¬ mal schools £ 954 c5 CO CO CD eo e 1,561 5, 475 6, 489 1,185 5, 304 5,712 1,795 448 194 254 Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and professional schools CD O CD 49, 646 18, 060 664, 843 398, 122 266, 721 n ac o 69, 789 101,034 547, 730 165, 642 eo CD r» us ao « - 199, 477 186, 286 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and nor¬ mal schools QO w 05 r* us 5, 465 6, 114 05 o 05 hT eo 47, 754 90, 155 SO, 113 17,894 62, 219 118,680 40, 503 17, 031 7,935 9, 096 Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and professional schools 00 eo 53, 898 40, 813 13,085 g et 05 US 371, 122 223, 080 05~ CD u- u- CS 05 05 (N CD 00 00 508, 243 171, 130 ,00 MS eo 171, 848 143, 964 1939-40 Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and nor¬ mal schools CO CO CO r- or 2, 424 6, 320 6, 880 1,362 5, 518 8, 060 2, 450 503 ao o c* *— 1 CO Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and professional schools 1, 065 W 00 CD 50,212 18,012 688, 928 420, 820 268, 108 170, 135 68, 954 101,181 630, 190 179, 100 DS & ao DS eo 209,628 185,201 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and nor¬ mal schools 11, 154 5,171 5,983 168, 301 66, 499 101, 802 105, 311 29, 176 76, 135 148, 820 55, 700 CD et 8,567 6,159 Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and professional schools SB 1 eo i l W5 ift 38, 800 12, 351 O eo w a fS w CD 403, 507 224, 723 eo W5 eo 85, 785 88, 568 577, 745 180, 300 os CD eS eo 188,253 146, 516 11 institutions 1941-42 i - i 1 eo w 96, 251 37, 886 | 1,403,990 818, 559 585, 431 05 2 CD 9* 171,795 255, 054 1, 180, 365 379, 070 719, 054 379,454 339, 600 1939-40 1, 708 131, 552 94,536 37,016 eo o o* 05 893, 250 600, 953 456, 679 185, 277 271,402 3 1,364, 815 417, 550 ** ao 406, 556 338, 271 A Item 1937-38 1 O s r- CD eo 87, 990 35, 687 1, 350, 905 803, 893 547,012 CD ao 05 O* 158,794 271,070 1, 219, 867 367, 980 689, 290 374, 147 315, 143 All institutions reporting _ Staff (Full-Time Equivalent) Total _ Men _ Women _ Resident College Enrollment Regular session only Total _ _ _ Men _ Women _ . _ Summer session (1937, 1939, and 1941) Total _ Men _ Women _ _ _ Third week of fall term (men and women) 2 _ Students enrolled for first time (men and women) 3. Arts and Sciences Undergraduate Total _ Men _ _ Women _ _ .. ..... ... HIGHER EDUCATION 35 aorary (men and women) - - ‘ 1,500 I 1,452 I 1,619 ' 158 I 12 I 1,280 ' 2 I 177 ' 12 ' 1,427 See footnotes at end of table. 1939-40 1941-42 36 1 w Privately controlled g institutions g 8 Teachers {h colleges p and nor- ” raal so schools d 3 <5 21 W rS OF CO 50 EDL §1 rCATIOl *o W5 sr, l CO © 938- O CO co" -4 0 AN © ©t^© i-T »o i-T D 19 eo 40—4 © © CO P- 12 © r» 1,112 3,589 .i . -e g glSj-i g:ggoS ~ a • - 09 ac i e* 50 c5c§ 50 ^ pnT in W5 eo h^t 5© rH CO IS 00 8 tf* to 50 slis °.PhTco © X © 1-H ^ © © *-H r* N to eo © X © P- X CO cm" cm" X © CM g to w N 2§3 © X Publicly controlled institutions W i U W CO o ® C a 2 g’S’gS'g Eh « 3 ” X w 50 CO CO CO 00 QC N s p>Tr>r Tt< 00 eo to of r» X pf ^ to 00 |-i©rcO © © © CO © © © P-"©" eo to to ©' © © 00 00 CO P- .i . T3 2 2o e ss gill* — a W 50 QC is co S at flO at CO © »o © © p- CO of ^ p- CO l-H © p»" »o © P^ © CM © P- CM © X X P- -©" hT©" N X CM hh P* Tf iH i to c# © © p- © CO © ©" *— © © 0 X 3$ II ©"pf p- © Privately controlled institutions U CO tl CO a; o c _ ^ ■§s?«l§ g’S’gS-g 05 r» 50 2§S (N Tf CO QC M5 50 © 00 x s «r 50 P- (N CO lO 00 *c Tf r-H r- w 50 50 s Tt< CO 3 © co" co" X X © © X © CO © © CM © 10 © © © 5§ & S »S tO T-i © r* r- •0 eo 88 © © CM"»-h" © © r» X to eo 0? CM © ©"x" I- © Publicly controlled institutions CO I s- CO fc- CO o o O ^ ■§§?«!! gJ-'O E-g Eh ® § © CO r» o lO 50 1C — 1 00 co TP to CO IhT U9 ®5S ^ 00 co"co © © © © h- © CM ^ © CO CM X © Tf 00 cm © CM CO O © o> CM © 00 50 r» r» ©" 858 © P- 3^8 .i • tJ 2 £o S o — o O CJ.S O g|||1 a — »C5 O 50“ 50 05 •CO CO r* 50 of «5 CO X © CM CO §8 CO 1— • © »o p»' © P'- © CO © ^3?2g CM" *-H ^h" X X X CM CM © © h ? p- © CM © ©"cm" CM © r» SI to CM © © ©"cm" X © All institutions CM © CO QC | eo 05 05 o of 05 CO »o 05 P»* »o w si co" ^ © © © ©5" © ^ © © r-H © © © »-H X © S 5 © © ^ CM © CO X © P-~ r«* © © CO TP © CO CO ©"cm" © p- CO CM w © to © © CM © 88 co" 00 f g 05 © s S 00 CO §8S o © w CO eo © CM 00 cm" © CM X to 0 0? © ©" CO © f-H © ^ © © rt^ Tf rt- © ©"©©00 P^ © *— < CM 1— . CM CM CO 1 © © CM TP P- © ^ © © CM h CO CM e> eo eo © CM © © i-H ^-T cm" CM ^ CM 00 ep ! £ 05 1 f QC r» s of ?5 © 00 H c*fcf 00 CO 1 CM © to hi © © 50 P^ CO P*» © © •H* © © © © © 00 ^ © co 50 i-T© 158 a 8 eo X © »o X © 5 CO 2J5 CO CM © eo © to © to CM P- 88 pf 00 P- X CO E Q i iii iii i i i i £3 iii iii 1 III III 1 1 1 1 Q III 1 1 1 i iii iii i ' 1 1 i ' ' W ' ' ' • . i •• ' ' 1 G ^ • 1 1 H 1 11 i iii , i . i i * °* o W ' ‘ ' -<2 ' 11 i i . ^ - 'i ' 1 ' ^ > H ' ' 1 ^ 1 11 i i i 1 pH , II i 1 1 £ •> *6 1 1 1 *T ' 11 ; h : : : S : : : : ; : ®-s p : : : 3 : : : : S : : : 3 : : : c? : 1® « : 3 : : : i \2 1 .i^i < > »£ G K i 1 1 11 . S ' ' ' 05 ' ' ' O O ' ' ' m *; : : : § : : : : : :■§ a g : : a : : : ID | 1 1 *TF 1 ll^l II 3 W 1 1 1 VZ 1 11 Cry i i . fl i 1 ' rt i 1 1 1 1 11 g * , ii r- i ' ' C5 i i 1 G ' i ' W ‘ 11 2 1 ii^ i i i $5 1 11 v”. -*-3 1 • 1 ■ i W i iiC5i ii cO OQ ' ' ' O ' 11 3 *r : : 3 : ; : I : : : £5 g : : : g 1 : : £■•-) i , , 5 . i i ' ' C , S ' ''SC U -J . 1 1 ►>. 1 ''CO1 ' ' o ^ 1 11 o 1 11 - p : : : ° ■= : : : 2 : : ^<2 « ; : : o oo c;o £ 1 1 I? §? | S3 * fi Ph CQ fHM HIGHER EDUCATION 37 2, 214 1,767 16 eo 05 w CM U- CM CM 1, 585 172 1,413 1 188 1,525 555 eo 05 MS MS U- MS 113 1,338 1,559 85 19, 833 79, 676 230 2 2,023 2, 632 40, 489 16,581 23,908 CO d* MS 1,760 3, 474 34, 044 20,485 40, 489 16,581 23,908 13, 170 2,305 40, 926 42, 899 57 417 134 283 ae eo 593 2, 588 096 146 814 2,975 1,635 1 1 • 1 1 1 3, 181 593 2,588 804 243 20,509 217, 619 231 >0 3, 333 1,941 100, 783 57, 469 43, 314 11, 463 5, 775 5,688 80, 366 54, 404 100, 783 57, 469 43, 314 2, 021 17, 793 2, 101 1,563 19 eo MS 05 05 ^ CM cd w 299 1,862 CD CO w ' 11 225 2, 106 840 108 801 CO MS 0 Ct 299 1,754 1,543 31 21, 572 92, 657 239 4, 935 2, 075 2, 860 0 CO CM 17, 706 24, 595 MS 1,986 3, 461 3 39, 497 24, 150 41, 050 17, 539 23, 511 05 w 05 CO MS 13,370 1,018 41, 985 * 48, 409 79 eo ae o> l-H CO CO CO 10, 988 3, 043 7, 945 eo N 949 3,288 11, 129 5, 270 471 342 129 10, 517 2,701 7, 816 5, 938 266 22, 237 214, 745 217 cd 0 uf 3, 194 1,912 CO MS MS O 63, 223 44, 330 6, 837 2, 858 3, 979 96, 622 58, 700 r* 0 63, 126 44, 051 379 97 282 4, 871 3,692 83, 482 341,961 534 10, 639 5, 562 5, 077 146, 038 74, 815 71, 223 MS 2 7,681 10, 164 118, 910 77, 079 141, 406 74, 109 67,297 eo CD 706 3, 926 17, 554 20, 426 87, 895 357, 374 554 11, 368 5, 680 5, 688 CO 8 CD 84, 271 78, 732 CD 5,804 10,953 3 149, 354 3 88, 960 148, 806 81,007 67,799 13, 878 3, 466 10, 412 25, 722 | 5, 007 86, 056 356, 543 5/2 10, 750 5, 167 5,583 8 ae CD CO 66, 941 69, 942 MS w 05 4,844 14,881 108, 441 3 78, 830 121,477 63, 729 57, 748 MS W MS 3, 351 11,894 31, 194 14, 630 Other Enrollments Subcollegiate resident (boys and girls) _ Nonresident (men and women) _ Nondegree-granting institutions 4 _ Staff 1 Full-Time Equivalent Total _ Men _ _ _ Women _ ... Resident College Enrollment Regular session only Total _ Men _ Women _ Summer session (1397, 1939 and 1941) Total _ Men _ . Women _ _ _ Third week of fall term (men and women) 2 _ Students enrolled for first time (men and women). Arts and Sciences (Undergraduate) Total _ Men _ . Women _ Professional Schools (Undergraduate) Total _ Men _ Women _ Other Enrollments Subcollegiate resident (boys and girls) Nonresident (men and women) Administrative and instructional. 2 Includes some estimated figures. 3 Estimated. 4 Junior colleges and normal schools. Table 3. — Financial data for institutions of higher education, 1937-38, 1939—40, and 1941—42 I. Income 1938-40 AND 1940-42 38 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1941-42 Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools eS $71, 132 27, 150 1,605 11,077 925 2, 506, 027 1, 706, 188 203, 658 4, 000 9, 750 504, 391 38, 044 39, 996 599, 405 19 41, 132 26,400 Universi¬ ties, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools 989 $12, 719, 238 27, 006, 800 1, 542, 253 1, 209, 141 2, 016, 466 292, 995, 102 144,765,289 66, 864, 053 10, 642, 974 8, 035, 780 193, 247 37, 288, 082 16, 882, 545 8, 323, 132 88,246,934 782 12, 236, 602 26, 592, 729 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools ® $6, 275, 114 12, 794 20, 109 61, 057 25, 353 45, 540,401 7,968,533 247, 915 140, 872 34, 067, 289 1,951,069 261, 665 446, 794 456, 264 9, 737, 042 181 6,168,114 12, 794 Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools 365 $11,030, 956 5, 771, 572 106, 229 510, 792 187, 128 285, 254, 291 46, 924, 773 6, 759, 187 47, 447, 699 124, 424, 812 24, 903, 417 7, 862, 234 22, 940, 636 3, 991, 533 58, 841,017 146 10, 149, 247 5, 771, 169 o e» Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools $52, 018 28, 435 15, 408 2, 701, 562 1, 775, 429 209, 993 4,000 9, 750 612, 122 37,590 52, 678 624, 799 20 18, 500 23, 228 Universities, colleges, and professional schools 978 $17, 841, 409 33, 008, 590 2, 135, 424 602, 610 2, 262, 413 273, 201, 649 144, 132, 568 64, 404, 853 2, 361, 383 7, 670, 969 156, 814 34, 729, 300 12, 442, 240 7, 303, 522 84, 372, 282 767 9 16, 808, 798 32, 657, 734 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools $10, 052, 507 4,280 11,076 65, 024 700 43, 497, 198 2, 212, 579 169,116 25, 370 31, 628, 018 1,789,824 90, 406 223, 007 358. 878 10, 125, 564 166 9, 754, 633 4,280 Universities, colleges, and professional schools 350 $38, 262, 840 5, 646, 915 159, 370 360, 015 217, 424 251,887,707 45, 776, 041 6,520, 279 36, 473, 202 111,919,548 22, 435, 868 5, 021, 018 20, 073, 793 3, 667, 958 48, 800, 500 141 35, 545, 485 5, 646, 463 All institutions 1941-42 ae w 50 $30,096,440 32, 818, 316 i,670, 196 1, 792, 067 2, 229, 872 626,295,821 201, 364, 783 74, 074, 813 58, 231, 545 166, 531, 881 27, 057, 483 45, 916, 372 40, 308, 019 12, 810, 925 157, 424, 398 1,128 28, 595, 095 32, 403, 092 o X 1.609 $66, 208, 774 38, 688, 220 2, 305, 870 1,043, 057 2, 480, 537 571,288,116 200, 896, 617 71, 304, 241 38, 859, 955 151, 222, 535 24, 392, 256 40, 452, 846 32, 776, 630 11,383,036 143, 923, 145 1,094 62, 127, 416 ! 38,331,705 1937-38 1,586 $58, 263, 888 43, 158, 857 2, 282, 043 1, 227, 473 2, 915, 047 522, 108, 017 178, 996, 228 70, 654, 211 29, 344, 723 140, 959, 123 22, 090, 702 36, 908, 257 27, 946, 942 15, 207, 831 130, 523, 094 1, 052 53, 328, 084 42, 489, 746 Item All institutions reporting _ Receipts specifically designated for additions to: Physical plant _ Endowment funds _ Annuity funds _ _ Student loan funds - _ Other nonexpendable funds. . _ _ Educational and general income *_ Student fees _ Endowment earnings _ Federal Government. _ _ State governments _ County, city, and district govern¬ ments.- _ Private gifts and grants . Sales and services of organized activities.. _ Miscellaneous and unitemized sources. _ Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ Degree-granting institutions 2 _ Receipts specifically designated for additions to: Physical plant _ Endowment funds HIGHER EDUCATION 39 977 925 2, 017, 593 1, 397, 164 195, 700 357,424 35, 780 31, 525 415, 356 2 $30,000 750 1, 605 • 10, 100 488, 434 II ii is i 5 1 §-• !»' »‘g‘ “ «* a is! £ 13 5 i § 8 MO#S® S SS1S SI s 8 1 =£§ 1 I'S'I'i Si % S' 8 |='s'ss- g *i 1' 3 S' 00 Sf 2 - 2 00* ©? 382, 885 151, 389 85, 708 Universi¬ ties, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools 989 1 $40,961, 963 150, 636, 390 9, 933, 093 10, 420, 517 36, 298, 763 17, 379, 856 265,630,582 4, 017, 093 t© r* CD vs CD 05 g to r* CD S oT CD ©* 75, 174, 276 21, .588, 891 21, 163,926 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools O $5,274, 944 27,352, 627 192, 946 1, 837, 603 7, 147, 112 555, 032 § to §2 e© 0 w W r* oT 05 ©? ©> r* r* oT 05 ©f 8, 569, 929 347, 245 3, 240, 747 Universi¬ ties , col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools 1 ** 1 CD e© 1 $20,318,271 119,172, 098 24,141,402 7, 413, 250 28, 814, 744 19, 804, 622 219,664,387 37, 875, 889 CD w 0 »o to ©> CD ©> 0 '-r »© #s to ©* 53, 200, 821 6, 287, 907 25,711,370 1939-40 Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools 37 $527,402 1, 337, 680 12, 372 85, 815 440, 180 88, 836 t© ^ a© to w ^ ©T ’’vs O to ©T 05 c© O to ©T 404, 445 88, 521 124, 586 Universities, colleges, and professional schools 978 $39,234,755 142, 465,449 7. 431. 661 10, 379, 278 35, 419, 833 12, 080, 051 00 s» s§ S'* ©> to 3 05 O O »o 0* to 3 1 0 ©> 71,501, 281 21, 670, 705 20, 429, 406 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools s $4,997,103 26, 239, 938 74, 627 1, 740, 166 7, 033, 826 424, 218 40,509,878 705, 365 e© eS ©> e© ©> »o 8, 599, 757 742, 291 9, 536, 250 Universities, colleges, and professional schools .© e© $18,067,575 110, 204, 636 19, 747, 443 7, 281, 820 26, 717, 968 14, 631, 664 196,651,106 31, 514, 624 0 e© Vs tO CD a© c? w 0 CO »o CD a© ©» ©* 43, 678, 816 6,012,812 53, 674, 719 All institutions 1941-42 at* ©> CD $66,968,127 298, 557, 519 34, 286, 841 19, 762, 502 72, 594, 486 37, 770, 717 529,940,192 42, 525, 245 e© »o CD ©T r* to e© •0 ©> to 137, 327,911 28, 375, 432 50, 201. 751 1939-40 § CD $62,826,835 280, 247, 703 27, 266, 103 19, 487, 079 69, 611,807 27, 224, 769 486,664,296 35, 325, 461 r* »o r» of a© 05 ©J to to ©• oT X 2 ©> 124, 184, 299 28, 514, 329 83, 764, 961 1937-38 1,586 $56,405,850 253, 006, 388 25, 212, 977 17, 588, 240 62, 737, 655 24, 031, 154 CO CD CD ©* O ss Is r* *-h W CO S8 ^,0 1 475,191,638 115, 619, 721 23, 573, 786 70, 465, 662 I .£ os w C.S.S CD ^ ^ 1 T3 o 5 — 3 s x> 3 W •ss § 2? § § -5 S £?-S.c-2£?' :- N £ a 3 % © cn ^ || £*'ca S3g* CO3 0 03 3^ a 3 " §g | m 00 00“ ii 8 | »' -r_r £ w 8 « 2 slSS 1 g P s i lit 8 BISS f 1 gg s IWb 1 $ §i r : § SSi Il's'g I S' 8” S ss'2‘2 a s' ®So £ [ s sfS Of s' 2 5 ilsH 1 s 31 1§1 1 1SIE S S IS 1 mm 1 1 si is' i jj I'll «*S 1 s' 2'2 2 gg'3'2? s' s' ii s ass jfsf eo s 1 SSS5 2 I IS !i 3 : 8 83s 3 ilil 1 s Ii 1 mm g i S*l’ o 3 ssi Si's'!' 3 I S'3 g gg'ft'2 S' S' 5 < ! 5 ; 5 gift? aW *o s t ! sill 1 a p i ii 1 in 3 fill i 1 II 1 mm § § IS i ii 3 «® **$ 83’3'i * I ss“ 3 gg'as s a' 5 oT 5! s's's ate «5 5f of See footnotes at end of table. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION. 19 38-4 0 AND 1940-4 2 8 I T 1 Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools 1 i ! U5 CO o 150, 940 28, 378 33, 327 Universi¬ ties, colleges and profes¬ sional schools CD o e* CO » 5, 930, 218 782, 758 2, 023, 881 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools D* QO o CO o* ! 2- 120, 428 13, 948 44, 129 Universi¬ ties, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools - kft us O* QO 2, 289, 845 504, 600 1,899,909 1939-40 Privately controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools I i 1 O CD V* 133, 263 30, 348 71,371 Universities, colleges, and professional schools CO CD 05 r** «*- 5, 712, 462 981, 476 2, 545, 580 Publicly controlled institutions Teachers colleges and normal schools QO CO CO QO w CO m 294, 546 13, 557 700, 382 Universities, colleges, and professional schools •ft ® ss •ft* V9 1 1, 862, 792 j 507, 539 3, 986, 010 All institutions 1941-42 $31, 144, 600 8, 491, 431 1. 329, 684 4, 001,246 1939-40 3 oT ** 8, 003, 063 1, 532, 920 7, 303, 343 1937-38 $435, 312 QO . CD CD r* uft 6, 836, 048 1, 089, 794 5, 968, 996 c ® 89 "O — ® 89 N C s .2 S 1513 © t H 3 s>*3 ‘42X3 o c r* « g® co cC3 c g gx> ai«ri o B ■— < •'•£> fl} £-g3 & a 5-g § S S.& 30'§§§3 3 3 3 ^ C Wojowcd «o co eo co to" g^'tCcsfj-j' of^--*e4c» coof 1 CO 72 92 1, 134 2, 645 iSSSl 1ISIS slsil Issgg §!§§! sssi NffiOMQO VVcsfg- ce co' oo co od » co'ooco'-h oco'ofcoco CO* 0 LO 3, 577 176 83 1,234 2,084 11132 283Si sSils laill silll IIs ^ « co' -r -r S ee 1,351 1,681 0*r^eo»oeo © 0* © ^ © ©©oo^co cot^co©ao GO ^ 1-H ■ 00©*0t^ rH0*QO^ CO © ^ 0* »-h • *o 0* i Agricul¬ tural experi¬ ment station C0 8 « 3, 353 300 © i-h rH Iqo © ! © 1 ©©cockle eOHOi«N © co © © 0* *0*0*0 ■ 0* COO* ' GO i *0 © © ©iOt^OOI'- tJ 2, 477 183 © ^ t'- f-h o* oo^ 0* u- u*. © 0* © »-h *—i oo © © co © © -^ »Oi-H0*©eo 0* rH . ^ h0*ooh^ *o©0**oco *o©*o^0* 1 Exten¬ sion class instruc¬ tion 6, 704 3, 392 3,312 t^r^©©oo ©cooor^© I^oot^© 0* rH © 0* © © rH co t^0*0*©OO OHHOO0* I^HIO CO©0*f^0* 00©— iTfi-H Corres¬ pond¬ ence work © r* e* 3, 184 582 ©t^oo©oo !co»-t^oo ^0*©©^ u- ^ ! ! ©^*o^n 0*t^r^©*O ' 0* 0*0* © GO CO © ^ rH rH 1 • CO CO ^ ^ Summer session, 1939 CO o ceT eo 20,420 15,614 797 143 445 1,382 900 123 28 307 459 665 139 2, 485 1, 146 889 904 814 772 135 278 898 1,520 864 402 1, 151 182 Resident instruction 2 Subcol- legiate (exclud¬ ing training schools) 0* eo 893 2, 828 u- -co©© Tt<©Tt- .*ococo 0*i-h*oco© rH^t^co0* ^ u- t-h tjh © co © 1 Critic teachers o? eo © 4, 295 1,637 ©©*000*0 HOO©»OH 00©©^*0 TJ4 10 0* 0* 00 ©©0*©CO Tt40*©COOO CO CO *0 T-H CO CO ^ © 00 *0 0* © Tt4 h* Ht<©r^©0* t-H rH 0* 0* i-H 0* 1-H rH rH CO 0* H College, profes¬ sional, and grad¬ uate 8 a c e 45, 718 65, 167 © © © lN» 0* ©©©00© rH © © 00 0* rH 0* H Tf4 0* 00 © rH tH CO 00rtoc - - - _ _ £££££ ZZZOO Table 5. — Staff of institutions of higher education , by type of work and control , by State — Continued B.— 1941-42 > 50 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-42 Organized research Other 3, 336 1, 655 1,681 2®!°§S ‘'2823 CO 1 i-* »-• f-i ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Extension service County, farm, home demon¬ stration, and club wolrk CD co 5, 951 295 t^t^05cooo Tt4 i co oo ^uo^c^co ^ 05 ^ CUC CO T-H ICO ^ IC00510 COO-^ON CO rt< I'*- i— < f'- CO C^t-4 h-h i ^ WN HNNW 1 1 Agricul¬ tural and home econom¬ ics ex¬ tension 05 CO N 2, 331 138 ^ rf CO CO 05 COCO ' o ! CO O O N 05 0»Q0N^ 00 05 05 iO ^ NHM05W 0 00 CO ^ CO »C 00 O O CO i i Critic teachers U9 QO us 4, 439 1,376 — o *o oi wnonoo c^imoojio ^-ccicp'o nh®o>n iomcco co-h-^ooo iMcofMooco es ^ Tf ec i'-. -H C5>-l i-t me* i-H na.._ _ _ _ _ nsas _ _ _ __ _ ami a _ _ _ •ado. _ _ _ lecticut . . . ware _ _ ict of Columbia. _ _ 1 _ da _ gia. . . . __ 3 . . >is_. . . . ma.. . . . . ias... . . . ... _ ucky . . . siana... . . ie... . fland.. . sachusetts . iigan . . . . lesota . _• . . issippi . ouri . . . . tana . . M.Q O o « OQ-QfeO ? 3 ‘3 c9 OH i—T 00 H r4V of rS ii.i I® 5*1 § Hal Table 6. — Miscellaneous types of enrollment in institutions of higher education , by control , by State, 1939-40 52 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-4, Training School * Senior or 4-year high 18,223 14, 068 4, 155 $ CO CO 266 1,528 1, 415 536 247 217 1, 322 441 87 1,010 526 447 775 Jun¬ ior high or 8, 375 810 o* 35 eo ! os cm l CO CM© cor^cocot^ CO CO CD CM O 00 CD CD CM CM OO ^ CM CM CO CM CM CO CO *-< © — t CM CO • OO e-H © CM CO 1 1-H © CO ^ CO 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary 52,537 43, 592 8, 945 1, 125 941 571 1,564 224 3, 076 740 575 2,365 261 2,848 628 636 1, 562 2, 541 774 435 419 1, 655 1, 194 1, 090 843 Resident Noncol- legiate (Excluding Training School) Indi¬ vidual instruc¬ tion 8 eo 3,988 30, 077 CO CM fcO OD © os 76, 829 13, 953 4, 685 766 1, 178 6, 128 877 768 427 1, 759 1, 657 1, 007 4, 198 4,298 1,496 2, 442 2, 172 2, 125 826 1, 624 2, 063 2, 638 1, 551 3, 058 631 State or outlying part of the United States Continental United States _ Publiclv controlled _ Privately controlled _ Alabama _ Arkansas _ California _ Colorado Connecticut i ; £ > oC 1 is j d i’a District, of Columbia Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho _ _ _ Illinois..- . . . . Indiana.. _ _ Iowa _ Kansas _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maine _ •a 0 d > c3 Massachusetts _ _ _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ _ Montana _ HIGHER EDUCATION 53 3 In coi 54 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 193o-40 AND 194 0-4 2 Table 7. — Resident student enrollment in professional schools, including teacher -training institutions , by sex, 1939-40 1 and 1941-42 2 Professional school 1939-40 1941-42 Undergraduate Graduate Undergraduate Graduate Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Total for continental United States 3... . . 424, 487 222, 512 33, 917 17. 618 384, 441 212, 686 26, 220 13, 947 Agriculture _ _ 28,987 443 2, 511 74 26, 124 490 1,855 64 Architecture _ ... _ ... 3, 350 914 103 18 2, 283 657 86 8 Commerce, _ _ _ 89, 678 19, 324 4,091 703 78, 438 22, 735 3, 148 615 Dentistry.. _ _ - _ . . 7,480 152 120 5 8, 412 166 110 Education _ _ _ 80, 275 140,299 14,411 14, 034 54, 653 119, 975 9, 443 10, 773 Engineering _ . _ 102, 878 392 4, 623 25 114, 554 464 4,301 20 Fine arts _ _ _ ... 2, 357 4,300 33 72 1,976 4,637 15 21 Forestry 3,917 128 1 2, 632 4 96 Home economics _ - _ 409 21, 383 1 490 399 22, 110 1 417 Journalism „ ... . _ 1,755 1, 142 146 94 1,398 1,043 75 37 Law _ 29, 821 1,954 566 47 19, 177 1,236 350 33 Library science _ _ _ _ _ - 218 1, 161 76 177 161 1,003 63 147 Medicine.. -- - . 21, 831 1,424 2, 139 204 22, 615 1,443 1, 780 182 Music _ - -.- -- --- _ 4, 770 8, 279 365 430 3, 907 7,967 300 363 Nursing... _ _ 4 9, 434 207 104 11,217 190 Pharmacy. -. ... _ _ 7,641 951 154 19 7, 548 1,102 129 14 Theology _ _ 10, 578 870 1,870 88 11,805 891 1,869 82 Veterinary medicine.. . _ . 2, 577 15 72 2 2,541 29 71 2 1 777 institutions. 2 769 institutions. 3 Includes enrollment in professional schools not listed below. Table 8. — Students graduated from teacher -training curricula, 1939-40 and 1941-42 Item 1939-40 1941-42 Men Women Men Women Number of institutions reporting _ 762 684 Graduates with specialization in teaching, by school type or levels Preschool- ... _ ... ... _ _ _ 44 122 Kindergarten _ _ . . . . 204 158 Kindergarten-primary _ _ 2, 205 2,250 Primary _ .. _ _ _ 2, 769 2, 095 Intermediate . . . . . 545 4,733 318 3, 212 Junior high . . . . .. 838 1,028 440 773 Elementary _ _ _ _ .. _ _ . 1,648 11,371 1,234 11, 059 Senior high _ _ .. _ ... _ _ _ _ _ 9, 268 12, 029 6,287 10, 873 Rural _ _ 774 3, 454 236 2, 259 Graduates without degrees by length of teacher-train¬ ing curriculum: 3 years 1 2 _ _ . _ ... . _ 646 2,977 235 1,477 2 years. _ _ . .. ... _ _ ... - 1,879 9, 527 710 6, 124 lyear... .. _ _ _ _ ... 531 2, 052 172 1,251 1 In many cases several types were braced. 2 In addition 15 men and 43 women were graduated from a 4-year course without degrees in 1939-40; 3 women were graduated from such a course in 1941-42. HIGHER EDUCATION 55 Table 9. — Specialization of graduates of institutions of higher education prepared to teach in selected fields, 1939-40 and 1941-42 Item 1939-40 1941-42 - Men Women Men Women Number of institutions reporting _ 1 348 375 Graduates with specialization in teaching certain sub¬ jects: Agriculture ... . .. - 1,231 1 1,048 3 Commerce _ - 1,034 2,063 882 2,039 Home economics _ - _ l~ _ _ _ . 3, 220 3, 776 Industrial arts _ 1,061 54 874 32 Physical education _ 1,367 1,177 1,228 1,307 Public school art _ _ 234 782 203 614 Public school music _ 783 1,288 735 1,580 Mathematics _ 0) (0 521 430 Physical science _ (9 0) 634 251 Spanish _ 0) 0) 25 167 Trades and industries..- _ _ _ _ (9 (9 89 13 Graduates with other specialization: School administration. _ 773 260 2 356 2 303 School supervision _ 162 112 8 7 Educational research _ _ _ 31 20 7 6 1 Not available for 1939-40. 2 Some tabulated here were braced with school supervision. Table 10. — Degrees conferred in arts and sciences by institutions of higher education, including teacher-training institutions, by major subject, 1939-40 and, 1941-42 Item 1939-40 • 1941-42 Men Women Men Women Number of institutions reporting _ 758 1 762 Total degrees in arts and sciences: Bachelor’s - 44, 679 39, 816 41,829 42, 616 Master’s _ _ _ 6,992 4, 782 5, 957 4, 517 Doctor’s . _ 1,959 313 2,007 332 Bachelor’s degrees in arts and sciences with majors in: Agriculture. _ 250 4 180 5 Commerce.. _ _ . . ... .. 3, 781 2, 196 3,432 2, 143 Education . _ 1, 889 4, 727 1,222 4,442 Engineering 540 666 6 Fine arts _ _ _ 164 839 262 1,266 Home economics. .. . .. _ . . _ 2 2, 350 2 2, 932 9 Industrial arts. _ _ ... . 123 138 Journalism _ 508 377 508 408 Library science _ _ _ _ _ 37 331 33 338 Music _ _ _ 350 1,153 417 1,380 Nursing _ _ _ _ 7 292 1 325 Predentistry.. _ 96 2 179 2 Prelaw _ 719 32 643 ,42 Premedicine . _ 1,852 189 2,154 166 Chemistry _ ' (9 (9 3, 281 835 Mathematics and physical science _ . (9 (9 2,041 1,012 Biological science _ (9 (9 2, 632 1,997 Social science _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0) (9 8, 285 7, 394 English _ (9 (9 2, 273 6,155 Modern languages _ 0) (9 593 1,887 Classical languages _ 0) (9 303 353 T~£ c ) ? Not available for 1939-40. 56 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-4 2 Table 11. — Degrees conferred in professional schools, including teacher -training institutions, 1939-40 1 and 1941-42 2 1939-40 1941-42 Item First pro¬ fessional Master’s Doctor’s First pro¬ fessional Master’s Doctor’s Total for continental U. S.1 2 3 65,053 37, 121 9, 516 5,441 902 62, 080 38, 846 8, 222 5, 952 1,029 129 116 Agriculture. . _ ' _ . _ _ 5, 085 495 615 149 4,858 452 543 156 Architecture 98 64 Commerce _ . _ _ 13, 059 1,856 38, 289 652 37 12, 542 1,878 37, 468 670 54 Dentistry.. . 91 73 Education _ _ 9, 578 379 9, 721 425 Engineering . . . _ _ _ 13, 808 557 1,336 76 124 14, 847 472 1,043 51 129 Fine arts _ _ _ _ Forestry. .... .... _ _ . 887 54 4 534 35 3 Home economics . 3, 569 712 200 5 4,092 610 173 4 Journalism.. . _ _ _ 48 2 52 1 Law 7, 168 994 340 35 5, 733 875 125 35 Library science _ _ _ _ 52 3 46 7 Medicine 5, 490 1,534 231 59 5, 601 1,405 194 35 Music _ _ .. _ •368 8 553 6 Nursing. _ _ _ _ _ 536 106 567 96 Pharmacy 1,473 1,458 499 46 11 1,706 1,727 547 41 19 Theology . _ _ _ _ . _ 416 57 335 83 Veterinary medicine 3 4 1 1 598 institutions. 2 634 institutions. 3 Including degrees in professional schools not listed below. HIGHER EDUCATION 57 Table 12. — Nondegree graduates of institutions of higher education by State, 1939-40 and 1941—42 Nondegree graduates State or outlying part of the United States 1939-40 1941-42 Men | Women Men Women Continental United States _ 12,810 23,174 6,323 15,289 Alabama _ 212 778 38 312 Arizona _ 110 95 101 87 Arkansas _ 160 188 35 71 California.. _ 2, 402 2, 084 721 812 Colorado _ 39 275 9 168 Connecticut _ _ 69 95 95 178 5 District of Columbia _ _ 8 110 16 93 Florida _ _ _ 632 407 104 320 Georgia _ 347 454 339 465 Idaho _ _ _ 159 284 96 300 Illinois _ 1,598 1,821 594 1,187 Indiana _ _> _ 30 86 79 38 Iowa _ _ _ _ 230 704 148 638 Kansas _ 280 772 157 588 Kentucky-.. _ _ 128 352 54 107 Louisiana _ 38 175 38 164 Maine _ _ 104 209 27 124 Maryland _ 123 241 24 50 Massachusetts _ 122 770 200 543 Michigan _ 417 937 288 918 Minnesota _ _ 381 1,073 268 1,031 Mississippi _ _ r _ . . . 270 272 34 37 Missouri _ 195 1,385 236 750 Montana 42 143 90 303 Nebraska _ 108 655 39 496 New Hampshire _ _ _ ... . _ 17 162 11 143 New Jersey _ _ _ ... . _ ... _ 199 91 186 163 New Mexico _ _ _ _ _ 153 45 147 5 New York _ ' _ 712 1,859 834 649 North Carolina _ 198 370 147 269 North Dakota _ 217 536 118 389 Ohio _ 172 ✓ 232 81 142 Oklahoma.. 208 231 22 99 Oregon _ _ 167 276 42 295 Pennsylvania _ 657 462 239 250 Rhode Island 3 171 South Carolina _ 100 240 18 120 South Dakota _ _ _ 230 755 35 386 Tennessee _ _ 108 275 71 - 181 Texas _ _ 472 542 171 274 Utah _ _ . . . 219 193 42 80 Vermont _ _ _ 73 193 4 105 Virginia _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 514 V52 374 Washington _ 222 591 105 428 West Virginia _ 69 124 18 57 Wisconsin _ 340 1,081 146 885 Wyoming _ __ _ 37 1 39 Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone _ . . . . 29 11 Philippine Islands 21 ALL INSTITUTIONS REPORTING 58 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 AND 194 0-4 2 a Q* a ■Sa o g ■w'd a ® 3 S-3 Es a o o to fe.2.g OOHtDNH ^ (N N CO N ^ONOOO »OOCDCC05 O0O0HNH 05HC0 00O kOC^OJHOO 05 05 ’ co o O o co co c CO 00 05 05 rH Tf* T-H ( Sill §lsSS IBlsIs lags giiii mm s’i'fs hhcoDN • »o cs < CD 1-H _ <40 CD CO 05 O O P © S > co c* CO CD 05 < CO of 40 40 oo co i§. isll "g '-'S' s' 111 "'s- SI s'- ■ r>- CD 40NN40N > Tt< CO N 40 CO 05 40 I 40 CD CD O D) 00 CD 18151 SISsS slsll mm & s’2’ * u* ) Q iO 40 CO 40 40 CO O »0 N CO ^ ■ ) c3 CD 00 HNM»0 40 C^|4O4OC0* ) 05 00 05 OOCDCO*HCO NON^( 400WNX 40 CD 40 CO 00 C^O5C00000 ‘OOO'tOOO OH1NCOH o 1-H H - CD 00 ^ COfHCONN f-tt^r^OOCO Isiss §1SSS HIES ii-‘ii mm ssws n -T-T c t 882S8 8S8S2 Jim ESSES HIGHER EDUCATION 59 sisls ISils SSsla IIS: llsls Sl'iW gg'lis SSI's o" o' r~" « t-T oT -<* *-<* C £ ill rsfs 3, 827,417 732, 079 48, 059 634, 828 889, 381 271,484 2,717,177 47, 637 175,096 120, 101 598, 475 807, 273 103, 640 83, 193 1,433.094 152, 324 172, 048 1,805, 328 58, 905 117, 437 1 :1 £ 37, 004 29,718 4,970,418 499, 555 13, 771 2, 236, 943 239, 046 401,795 2, 882, 458 289, 026 349, 795 94, 354 1,028, 857 1,048,260 424, 537 223,219 475, 912 274, 977 44, 235 1,014,497 . 1 122, 943 1 »' !a 15,000 78, 048 iesgg IS8I BSSsS i gs-s ss s : sf'seg ss'g ! oo‘ Zr 5, 760,111 2, 464, 633 1, 151,446 6,582,013 4,270,158 2, 467, 504 6, 527, 874 625, 324 1,561,816 840, 504 1,501,858 9. 209, 524 1,364, 324 313, 629 2, 345,329 3, 912, 998 2, 494, 686 5, 662, 838 414. 844 2. 467, 167 122, 950 445, 614 733, 865 1,164,738 898, 542 1,139, 227 442. 210 748, 870 815,868 495, 293 1,036, 848 231,053 737, 551 452, 814 903, 277 1,644,457 301,989 289, 237 803, 686 429,110 556, 006 741,732 336, 025 a, iay, wa 677, 425 07, 404 8, 738 270, 222 190 ‘10£ 14,005, 645 2, 234, 737 210, 150 3, 325, 145 179, 274 221,924 4, 326, 999 732, 648 297, 188 181,255 1,811,295 1,688, 376 41 , 882 271,310 1,728,019 329, 600 131, 158 506, 687 97, 630 60. 144 3 20,147 39, 221 34, 196, 104 4, 982, 871 431,698 10, 894, 708 1,561,769 1,634, 540 18,017, 707 1,135, .504 1,766,006 734, 762 3, 648, 109 6, 931,664 972, 761 1,296, 624 4, 439, 330 2, 086, 395 1, 122, 125 3, 682, 352 135, 274 934,139 10, 471 29, 060 282, 778 339,513 272,317 73, 239, 492 12, 895, 750 2, 328,611 26, 215, 680 8, 104, 885 5, 644, 687 36, 671,545 3,134,337 5, 073, 027 2, 455, 384 9, 731,240 22, 738, 738 3, 329, 136 2,661,729 11,666, 081 7, 432,411 4, 565, 446 13,607, 326 1,057, 878 O, lOtf, > '3 I’S-" £ 3 IS' co oooo^r » >.2 .e a Ph OfibC u.o_g •Os'S G 3 O 3~& £ H u « 05 co ;sss « l- o <0^10*0' OOO»0Tf< OOHNW TfiOO’f 05 cf o“ CD V © ^ CO 00 O GO NCOON *-* © C CO 05 CO CO hooc CO o co o 05 CO c V csf cf oo ^»c> CO co 3133 I "2‘f Issb SIS ejo-r* co* ©* Is "S in si r i §§ « s 18 s-' 1 51 - s- II t— 05 »-H lO CO CO CO 00 t>- 05 00 *“■< CO 05 CO SB SS5§! Sillss is SSI § sfs'ii 3SW S Is’" if M" so lOH-^ W 10 05 0 (M CO CO NCOfH co co t"- co r- co oo II ISSSs sllll Si Si [§r tffg*S 1^18 «fs 22 g| i co 05 co r- 3 20 o3 fl a> 2 a rS a rO u. -h aT SlIEs HISS aisis sssil sSsSI §1111 iWl "'glS's' S'lSi's' sis'll iiiSS ISil'B t-~ eo NHH NMN rH O'C w >S§ o a •§s 5 a II a w & a o s e.-§ £ a ^04*00*0 CC 05 ' 100001^0 ^ 05 lO c C0WN»C05 OCC05C •050 HfO. • O CO 00 ( > r-» CD C OhI roatN . © CM 05 CM OOtCfr^rH 8 SSIS! 3S8S1 S8838 mm mm mm 7cf ho ceff^f §1§ l§ - gf -- • o co oo eocoiot^oo t'- co 05 - • lOiOTf CO O O 05 05 ONNOOC 1 CO *0 CM N CO *h lO CO 05 CO o c cioV cm co oo i-7 co of oo i-7 1 t^CM Tj- CM rf COTfif, §§gl§ sS ss-§| sa oo 05 00 00 CO CO lO CM — < >o oo »o i§S ii !§s‘ — 3 3§ &SII&5 a- $£2 ggSS! 8SS6S iilii g^l ~§f§2 gggll nV > § cm 7? co > © CO CO 05 CO CO CO 04 CO CM O »—< CO Tf oocot^oo^ i—h CM CO ^ rr CM CO »0 S8I8S BiSSs SgfSg mm am im* )iOC4iON ‘O'- 3228$ $383: s & oOfifeO j^'3 St S3 ; = 22« M O o $ £££££ HIGHER EDUCATION Educational and general income, excluding receipts specifically designated for physical plant and nonexpendable funds from— 72 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 3 3 a > o o co a o % S «8-s£ "3 ^ ^ o 03 co O ^ >-o •r a 3 o a ^ S3 > a> a ZB eg & o o S "3 c3 fl ® W SHIS ISIS! SiSSS SssIS IISes ES8SS o2-§-g-§- rm „,im igosg s'sgg's csggS HISS 1§11§ Sisil ISIsi ISSI1 11131 gsg-gi sfgii usii mm mu 33858 rsii SrISs I1S51 lli'S'l 83838 SSS8I 33838 ee’s'il Ill'l's hH~ isiis gggs‘§8 388 fit sssSS gSlil Isesl S mm ii-"3 ii'gis s' 2S3 sfeg §§133 mm nh«Vn II S'g S3 g§ lissS sills IIIS1 SsSlI I'sisi i mm mm mm >.2 x3 a Hh Ofl M l*.2 a a> Sr* a |§2 SfgSSS C^COCSiON r-T xjT cs 1-T cf oa iO^O t>- CO * 00 JO JO 00 »OONO 00 C 04 CO < CO iC >C h lO 0 « l ll Hi? If -a*B OOO' 111 £si oqebE-'E-'P 82 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-42 HIGHER EDUCATION 83 84 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 194 0-42 HIGHER EDUCATION 85 Table 15. — Specifically designated income of institutions of B.— 1941-42 86 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 ■2 HIGHER EDUCATION 87 sills ills Sg'ggS ggS3'S is 2S is 111 *6' *** ss II ”S I Is S'- i i 8$ H 85 sM s 8 s nigs se's’gg' Issl S£II§ III ”'ssS |g”SI mi I il I- 1 i I 1 II ISS§§ IsiSI ISI11 III Si'i' slug's g'S's'S'l III ls§ s'-- S2S^ pi U .181 sifil llilf list tefefete ZZZOO O^tfcca; • it II Table 15. — Specifically designated income of institutions of higher education , by States — Continued B -1941-42— Continued 88 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 AND 1940-4 2 HIGHER EDUCATION 89 >1 1 > a £> .Q I 1 j o 1 2 S I o § I Table 16. — Expenditures of institutions of higher education , by State, 1941-42 90 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 AND 1940-42 *3 >, I ii r- Si Ijlssll IS8SS 11318 ilSlg ,t3 00 Q«S oC EJ 8 si s Ml | Sills Sill's SSSIS il'SS'f O © i g 2§53 « - *H“ef S a ■ 8 §8 1 S8 IsSSSI ISssS 1811s iilgg »o sg jo eo 1§ j is’s’i’i r'ls's' s'siii issii © I -53 k -53 ~ ~ ~ ei . 60 bj 1 18 s as SS ISSSSS IsSll IgglS ggiis S Si X 5n a Si s s j ii'ili s'3'is'i I's'iii I'ggii a ^ © i s g£ j| oi hVh co~ ihinn t-" 10 oi -Tei r-Tof TJ ot O Eh a> © +».2 l IS r* Ii lislli 11811 illfg |g§§§ •g.tE'o o S>sg g is s' 15 I's'i's'l' S's'g'Si ill'll 31'8'8‘s" o § 2 S s S5 SfEf CO ; ~r _ a a -2 8 ss 88 iisis ISsia IsSia lllei i§ CO L- *$ ii 3 m am iis'ii i'lii'i' s's'iis a> -*-> «s I 3 co r-Tt-TgH CO o wcsT^ honcoV co^r-Tiooo • .ot a a «j © ss £ »C ’3 ot SSJc a .2 © ® I m i is’ Elisa ibis’s Ig'IIE la'I'll 51! i tft? s' s's , -T ^ Ttr 3 JO o O’" c a • oo 04 oo < < ' CO >C» CO ‘Crfc ) CO 00 00 CO 05 C > 04 CO C© O HH CO CO oo so co i 00 05 ^ (. . - ON»C^05 oo r^cdcd *o O CO O 00 00 CO CO CO 00 »HHNO?cd s 05 05 CO lO 'ot>r«o co >oonm • 05 ^ CO 00 r -T r-T (N f-H S ! Tf 05 IC 04 *C i© - SS238 8gJ§S2 00 00 ‘O 04 CO 04 00 04 *0 NO-'tMiO OOOCO^frH = £888 WO^OON I 00 *o IO io i^sses NiOrH CO»C 001*hC40 O 05 CO o 04 <04i0©»0 N-h IOC4C 'Mhh *-h !§ f-s £ c ■§s c w x3-*3 C j W 3— 2 ^ a- L 1 fl; M S3 3 " a J2-~ w'42 |i§| 3.53 D. £ CO^COICO ^ O 05 04 »© iOth(NcC« 3S8g£{2 O ^ ^ 05 CO — <“ 05 04“ co CO 04 rococo O 04 oo CO -hWJOOOW — Tided 04“ O^f 05^ — < ^ CO — - 05 t>TlO *0 05 co oo 05 *o 388S22S OO OOhOO* co lO t#< lO o iHtf«05H CO ^ CO 05 04“ lO ^ CO 04 iO 04 — « ^ N- uo CO CO Tt< ® ® i© i© »© ONIOIOI 00 00 iO 04 < CO*ONiOi id 04“ 04“ — T I 5 00 04 05 ) IQ 00 CO 5 05 iO CO 00 00 00 CO ^ CO 00 ^ O 05 CO 05 i© 00 CO — » © ON gdgfs a* s NiOCOWkO CO 04 CO 04 N- 05 05 04 O 04“ CO 00 CO C© 00 8SS COO o CO iO kO 04 00 CO O Tf iO CO^f ON-H 05 CO Tf'rHCOOO’-' O O |nT r-T 04“ id — « 04 iO 05 CO 888 SS 8S 8 *o 00 “ 'CO lO o CO C 05 ^ 05^ 00 ss 00O4“< 00 04 CO 04 CO 00 CO — * ■* SSSSSS gSSgiS 04 CO 05 O - 05 -H ^ o c 00 CO O 05 < Soo«o *o co i— « o» co t^T © © 04“ 05 O O CO < CO 04 CO ^ O © 04 — < C OOCO — (05— « 04 CO O C — ‘ — < F- 04 CO rf COCOON ^ 05 05 CO 04 »CM‘cdd' 04 CO 04 iO i© 00 ^ 00 04 CO 00 CO 00 ^ co CO 1C 04 — * 04 CO — < 04 050 04 lOCOOOQ o rt< oo oo o oo 35 Tf CO ^ »C 05 04 — < r>T io r>T cd 04 co §g 3SSS33 cd 04“ — T cd oT — T CO 04 CO co _ss8 00 co 05 oo > 04 04 < iSoS ) 04 ^ 05 > 04 — < CO > CO 04 *C ^ 8 S c5 2> !§ co co r>» *-* 04 HH <04CO rH SS238 00 00 co 04 CO © 04 CO ©‘O'^OSN 04*000105 8328$ ooco*o*o*o CO ■ CO r-* 04 CO CO O 04 05 CO ^ oT cd cd 04“ cd 10^^04 CO 00 Tt* 04 CO, *0*0NM^ co »o i© ^ o cdidrdcdr-T 04 CO 0» i>- 04 — H CO 004CCN03 O cd oo oo cd CO 04 04 ^ 00 CO CO *0 *C h 05 00 04 ^ CO C W)C0 ■r* T3 >> ».« i^wll HIGHER EDUCATION 95 5, 978, 688 5, 252, 486 2, 345, 155 12,946, 433 7, 617, 656 4, 763, 242 4, 949, 203 484, 585 3, 774, 715 2, 705, 276 3, 425, 074 17, 067, 741 1, 287, 973 283, 181 5, 127, 873 4, 156, 697 3, 184, 919 7, 614, 596 924, 044 14 634 229 3, 370, 553 262, 534 952, 429 1, 370, 978 784, 612 41, 808, 327 34,118, 078 6, 557, 295 49,401,896 22, 459, 308 14, 197, 736 29, 048, 382 6, 138, 455 18, 288, 670 6, 057, 308 15, 668, 957 57, 473, 576 3, 154, 023 5, 113, 098 38, 721, 583 25, 151, 009 18, 204, 174 23, 587, 372 2, 593, 829 37. 625. 200 10, 370, 286 667, 694 286, 860 2, 527, 383 3, 864, 957 3, 023, 392 47, 787, 015 39, 370, 564 8, 902, 450 62, 348, 329 30, 076, 964 18, 960, 978 33, 997, 585 6, 623, 040 22, 063, 385 8, 762, 584 19, 094, 031 74, 541, 317 4, 441,996 5, 396, 279 43, 849, 456 29, 307, 706 21,389,093 31, 201, 968 3, 517, 873 52. 259. 429 13, 740, 839 930, 228 286, 860 3, 479, 812 5, 235, 935 3, 808, 004 S5SI8 IIS11 Sisfl Sill i w gr-'a ifs's'i | s 55 s i 52 : 12,602 47, 942 2, 516 Msg ; Mil! : Ml : MM; ! 'fs\ MM! Ml: MM: s af Ik : : 501, 839 2, 909, 995 4, 943, 720 11,968, 197 7, 615, 809 1, 123, 367 531, 000 50, 000 708, 439 1, 619, 763 481, 013 44, 998, 176 1,044,716 3, 635, 902 14, 831, 818 8, 149, 010 105, 300 1, 644, 335 3, 946, 688 § i 2 i o . : 34, 150 26, 175 1, 011, 970 550, 001 3, 597, 958 5, 009, 489 12, 243, 646 7, 927, 331 1, 302, 868 740, 420 55, 758 729, 764 1, 639, 662 911, 125 45, 688, 992 1,085, 477 4, 717, 246 15, 337, 798 8, 299, 252 129, 135 1, 774, 838 4,062,283 1,206,201 1 i 2 : 46, 752 130,394 1,014,486 48, 337, 016 42, 968, 522 13, 911, 939 74,591,975 38, 004, 295 20,263,846 34, 738, 005 6, 678, 798 22, 793, 149 10, 402, 246 20,005, 156 120, 230, 309 5, 527, 473 10, 113, 525 59, 187, 254 37, 606, 958 21,518,228 32, 976, 806 7, 580, 156 52, 259,429 14, 947, 040 944, 797 286, 860 3, 526, 564 5, 366, 329 4, 822, 490 JCCJOIOOCO lOJiNNN NNtD^O ®OOhW lO New York.. . . . . North Carolina - - North Dakota _ Ohio.... _ _ Oklahoma _ Oregon - Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island. . . South Carolina _ South Dakota _ _ _ Tennessee _ Texas _ Utah _ :.... Vermont _ Virginia _ ■ - Washington _ West Virginia _ Wisconsin _ j _ Wyoming _ _ _ U. S. service schools _ Outlying parts of the United States.. Alaska _ Canal Zone _ _ Hawaii _ _ Philippine Islands Puerto Rico _ PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS 96 BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 Q AND 194 0-42 ns fl w 3.SS g&£ 2 g a O'" !§gf ill SSssl 5SS83 liifs in tmn am am CO © 05 CO ^ CO t''- >-H *— I Tf Tf CO »o o o io os co N CCN00O CO 00 kO CO »8§S Sing SIIS1 SiiiS lissl i!i§ am iisss sissi am m ggSsfs sS^s'sSs a^'s— sggss & s °3 'T3'~ )^MOO OhoOiCO I ^ 05 05 CO ON005»C • 's= “^ssN" “Ssti”s 1 eo £ 71,069, 289 4,832,715 6, 530, 509 178, 110, 454 11,667, 755 11,229,685 2, 998, 367 33, 240, 316 34, 925, 057 2, 940, 706 6, 136, 274 24,564,725 3, 594, 937 3, 444, 423 18, 807, 984 1 § s 15111 iSSSI ISggg tf«tf* gsggs saw 1 SlilfS filial 1111 SS”'|'g ggsgs :|gss us i-T ~ i tf isSSi S8SS3 Ills! 'imi 1'1'iW fl'ssl" ^cfweojo Vci^faT oVciecV iSlis sSIIS jeifsfg mm mm mm eo ei «ef co eo »o oJ to © «o of eo ~ I tf Sills SSS3S 1S11S is sis sis is i'duii S"R¥"' SS»'»S' 1,011,992 Ohio . . . Oklahoma . . . . Oregon . . . . . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . . South Carolina . . South Dakota . . . Tennessee . Texas. . . Utah - - - - - Vermont . . . . . Virginia . . . Washington . . . . West Virginia - - - Wisconsin - Outlying part of the United States Puerto Rico _ _ _ _ . • ■ . ■ ' . DETAIL BY INSTITUTIONS TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1939-40 A. FACULTY AND STUDENTS 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 ill ii» 17 1 i II !■ iBlflnl mini 1 is P 3 888" 1 ' IP83 5 220 126 2 1 1 131 at ik is 1 § 833 ' i c* rt i isg$ 3 £$11111 i 1 1$ i 8*»a* 1 8 rf S3 '83 s H SS9I388 lag m a 1 1 1 1 1 5- !f8! S SI'S8* NO Sir'S*" 1 W5H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i 1 n"ri i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 £ Eisl |g 1 ! it i i i 1 ''''rm 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4,333 3,833 1,331 501 830 | oT 1 88I&I M 1 II IS 1 1 1 1 11 i SI'S! g h' 1 §| I0' 1 1 1 1 1 1 !g 1 1 1 1 1 1 s la* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 S 3S'»S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'mini: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3,979 1,804 1,595 902 96 597 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 SES'SSR 83»Si 8 Id |gft s &■*$ 1 1 1 1 1 1 § aig>sr <> c^* c*^ c? i iggig i M 1 1 1 cThh h I aggie 1 1 1 1 1 1 C^HH H*“ s m'% rH CO CO >t iH H ' iis's nm* $sr * « - - a i 5R§*3a SS £s3°35 - tf ii \&m O 1 III1! jsspas k *> 1 ,'*1 I SSSaS S*9*5S ss a '5'* I s— - - § 855 '5 sum U J[*5R*9 * 555IS a£333S £sr ■* * s aass* aaaaia bss s a - ™ ssa a P- rH rH rH rH ' aa&a a$i gss a - - H% a §§gwg gsssssx "r7 H ijs*s s-®*®* !>%?<*“ oT II II I I I I Mill I I II I II II II I II I II I I I II I II II 3 II II a I Ig I II 01 II II 8 Mg I II r ii m i ii 1 1 ii i ii ii 1 1 ii i ii ii ii i ii i i i ii i ii ii ii ii i ii i ii ii i ii ii ii ii ii i ii i ii 1 1 1 1 1 ii i ii «&is *8§aa 9**P 9i*a H ssSsg *SESS 3S rTnV Htf C? 39SS3 213*8 33 Jh'h* hV h* 3 i ii 1 1 '°p ii i r mu-sgiii i| **8SS §*?-!s 93£a H §s g^s^a -'-'Rsa '•{*3*8 *s fa s^a^a '"seas -°8 3$ A II I II 01 3 Hg § ii i ii ii i ii it i ii ii i ii i R§ II I II I II NNN II II I II I 1 1 S*5**S |i 5*3* sa HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 103 Mill 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3« 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 §£11111 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Igl 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 £§ I'M" 1 £1111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ig 1 1 1 I 1 1 II 1 ||rm 311" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S3 " 1 II 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 lH II " 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 II 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 2*iM-i igi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 111)1 1 1,609 1 32 4 i"ii ISSSM 1 IM 1 a-' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mill 1 1 1 1 1 1 7,661 7,661 30 19 62 76 8§ IR 1 1**3$ "§ II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 gg IS II 1 "UK II £ II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'Mill 1 1 1 1 1 1 §§13111 " "5 list II 1 II 1 1 1 1 SsiiS 1,186 351 52 467 719 5883* SSiSi 3 **•*" 1 eo e- "3" 329 207 165 177 528 73 1 1 5833$ 1,925 532 43 519 1,610 IS 613 168 966 594 860 206 373. 325 1 9,016 8,334, 11 170 iH9J 1 "3" I3"i 1 1 8*338 1,196 545 52 457 1,075 255 706 519 198 737 505 724 % 381 5 §2*1111 82 162 64 SUM MS >8* R 1 88853 82*85 38853 C? C? rl rT r? 1 27,001 25,834 46 542 20 67 80 296 582 468 234 146 165 390 507 475 163 *3 i ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS 1" mi** 1 6,983 6,885 2 202 15 140 336 SIS! 1 242 5 306 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS 15 1 1 1 1 5 1 93** i*i £11 1* IIS" SI"' 1 1 1 33338 1,186 351 52 467 719 179 1,291 491 139 568 548 693 168 306 280 3 11,273 10,675 5 422 1 32 4 180 153 252 329 199 308 22 4 5833$ ^925 532 43 519 1,610 165 913 613 168 966 594 860 206 373 325 5 18,952 18,270 ifo 19 68 76 '8333 '31 '3 59 115 26 7 5 16 34 6 21 17 3 9 3 S'0 a 3 - H 1^ ia'S* m 1 13 29 11 32 73 19 3 21 73 8 51 21 8 34 16 1/45 9 a 31 3 2,883 2,774 1 13 1 5 2 CO »n for 1937-38. TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued A. FACULTY AND STUDENTS— Continued 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 list 1111 ! 8S1 |lsi!|il| 113 g i g is II r g-s-® eS|| | i. e 3s e 11 A :a tt> 1 1 1 1 M2 1 1 II II Mill II II 1 Sinai gP* 1 1 1 1 M IcN II 1 II 1 II II 1 II II 416 205 33 5*M 1 *■3 “MM 2 1 II 1 II II 1 a 1 iss 36 12 a 11 11 2 r M M 1 S II II II II 1 S 1 f|S H II II 1 H 11 1 1 s? 1 1 ! MnM * 1 1 II II 1 II Mil II II II 11 11 1 1 1 1 II” II Sllll IS II 1 Mlgl II II II 11 11 1 i*' i 1 13“'" a i ii i as IS* lP'lgl II II II 11 11 1 sn 1 1 la 1 1“““ IS M 1 10 13 — 227 — 73 M Mh 21 — — 109 — 245 340 2,326 19 — II II II II II II 11 11 1 11 11 1 1 1“ 13 1 II “Mil M M h 3 •! ISS II II II 11 11 1 1 'k 287 376 285 307 406 262 220 1,206 397 116 919 400 c? 122®? gssis g 1 1 ! S IS 1 217 448 177 62 •MM| 386 932 278 1,315 283 682 46 120 40 199 53 184 40 8*5 72 169 162 H CV H 16 83 295 598 5*5 '3 756 24 167 30 63 51 255 28 21 80 37 660 44 617 287 752 58 9 488 826 401 135 236 257 72 220 808 4,336 782 1,123 513 6,081 639 1,167 46 196 82 53 79 370 79 25 160 77 1 B MS 1 SIMS r ns 100 55 3,599 138 * 1133 1 SMI” ” 1* 1 1 Igl a 11 11 ISIU 98 197 3,039 74 R II 1“ 1 Sill” i~8 287 401 16 290 3 £s"S 12 18 220 84 1,478 a '§3 598 83 82 38 79 209 37 25 45 409 42 342 6 235 448 404 135 248 56 813 3,293 429 1,042 523 4,734 308 682 46 120 40 O' 1^0 ojvn | eo ^ 1/73 12 15 28 1 2 30 1 131 'G moig'so H 108 4 5 16 12 1/26 O'D- f'N rH W\ £ H 64 2 1/47 7 53 9 28 4 °'“S3§ gHjtD H to NO O' CM O 01 5, 8~ a H & a "J* .s§ iv ffi. _ -rt -3 h in IS || 8> 3j1 lllil 11? tl I , . > H cJl t S) m M o I OU s § m to i t? £ § c? CO CO H-a' jig ! O § ■°u aT° ® § © v p •'r— I CO o OHM rt o 8 O -P »H ® s^a sa “S3 S° S. ^ -§ c! d cj •§ a sg §o ' ' si 33 • *5 vss as I jc a. £ 3 3 i -ass05 ” 'S S S ■& S S, ® »jp ® C h mh II 111 _ - 3 5 8 5 i as is - 3 55| rj! •do -H 3 8 J -a • -■g au2 3 Sd ES 9£ •££ •a si? . © nj 3 o © CC CO to CO M O O O OH HI g E E E® 5§l;gJ ????! | CO CO CO CO CO D D P P S g r.«i 11388 I S'* It S“iM d«ll olo O M WH2 -H ® *£«, IS ■in °”.3 j! • o sc 3 » £ © zz g.-* . lllil *‘„f>gS 8oh S)Pl o' © O © Q bo H fll H O O O L H O © O O O * X*+> *3 ° H & 1 1 1 | ill! jihi 33333 33l£S HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 105 I $ §°' H h'h o? ' § I P PPP IS -* oT |S'S S O-H 5 “III 1 1 1 1 1 i ii i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 § a H H* S >8 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i ii i i i 1 1 1 1 1 ! ! gif” rT 1 IS 13" “'i i s' d 1(4 Is |I|R 3 1 i i a s!P 1 1 1 1 1 p 1 | O S a 5 isa II i i i as i n i 5 1 1 1 1 1 ' P IR8 1 1 i i i 152 152 36 3 3' 1 1 1 5 ' 1,240 135 977 128 1 1 i i i P§ 1°^ 1 1 r 1 1 1 1,454 1,116 1 1 i i i Wm" V H 1 1 1 |S INI 1 1 i i i «£*"■" 8' 1 1 1 V\ Oi a INI 1 1 i i i 206 206 22 s' 1 1 1 § ® 15 735 47 223 133 332 3M(i 'I' HH §' r? Ep5 S £ H 132 10 122 916 58 366 166 326 1,397 1,350 464 248 S' 5 15 6,351 462 759 80 527 152 900 & 168 408 1,686 1,404 271 24 72 95 3' «8« 5,735 753 2,096 210 1,499 387 3»B£3 m*m 8® cn 438 358 80 11,738 2,445 2,081 134 1,712 235 * i IS 1 1,192 1,192 84 2 26 88 gl 1 1 1 I.6 I ' hm 3 §sHs H* & SR-'SP** I I I 1 I I I 1 1 1 1 1 5 tl££l e §ssks; " INN a l l I l l £ "in 3 I I I I I I S«£R i 3 E3S£g 3*S2 * ££*»*' * g ggS'5 R3ss ISSI^S vO •t | | H #H !- !•! S!-I 1 ! II sl! l g gs ®»8 rn“ rirt r-T * 8 H wC oTo? or 5 §|3f$3 88 ' $3*385 83 I KgPgaS r« * SE3S5B H cTh I 3 88 S"3 * J «*n? r>~ » 3 Si 8 88 S*S ||8888 38 ” spsrp^ 3?; - 3$ftK?§ 3‘ 107 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 1 2,783 1,804 654 77 410 167 a* 'a'B i$ i i i 1 1 55" R& 1 s 529 327 73 83 171 a 992 365 300 144 IS" 1 1 1 B" r? rH H 8 1 1 * SS'S" " 'i 196 196 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SSI 1 « 1 1 i H 1,413 1,278 1,185 93 $ §"§" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S5S 1 1 1 1 1 o! dd 1 1 1 Id 1 i II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 ini 1 1 1 g 333 1 1 1 8 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 »CO , | 100 106 1,702 se 1 1 1 ir h" £ »" I |r SUM 1 1 S3'" 35 1 $ rH £83" ig3 § 97 97 1 1 II 1 1 1 as 'S •» NO HtHfoT HH 1 1 1 3 RR 1 1 1 IR 1 i 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 II 1 1 S3 i i 1 1 1 $ rH 33 1 1 1 13 1 i 1 1 II 1 1 Mill 1 1 33 i i 37 5 190 s 294 679 325 543 391 420 i 3*33i* 158 30 115 149 199 38 885 1 h?oT H* H -St 33$ pH « sO 3,038 798 302 1 495 i o? 142 108 159 316 437 195 198 IS" 142 123 • 224 | mms 1 n?oT § 2,190 156 133 103 219 219 90 180 295 371 195 229 2,840 2,273 137 234 157 372 3 §38*3833 3 ,979 363 323 219 153 361 375 138 262 432 593 311 449 ,619 ,691 470 319 S ^ «*> CO o $3 1 3 >0 4,786 2,687 455 1,109 134 989 3 IS rH 1 181^ '3 5!" 3$ 1 g 961 544 730 48 5 10 751 § 237 34 30 1 IRIS 1^ s§" C0 cv r- ^ 4 9 24 5 17 o * aa**3 2 27 24 5 28 sr 115 15 1/ 14 7 3 tMSS£ 3 2,441 1,356 1,202 2 £ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS W m §*p S! S8S 1 1 i i i i 1 1 i 3SS H II II! |5S ttt gs§ H r-T 3S3 1 g§ I I I N I $311111 I IgN I 8*11*11 I S8I^P'°'I i a su * 3*1 I |Sj8gPPI I g^ggRI 1 S3 1 •ST" i gan:sr* *? 8?6'S«8 § §§*'358 $ Igssssa * H cTcT » g§l«8l I oT oT a 8858555 «?«c 8 sss3£§8 S3 - " se-g** 1 1 1 ih INI'* *1-11 I" I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1111°' I I I I I Mill aaas8 883R* 38*53 rs«" $82 IS *835* 333°"° I I I I I I I I I I Mill II II I 18 II I I II I II & I 3 M I I II II I I I II II II II I ns is I3$S« ii it i ii ii i * M II 8.1 I M *■*5* 33*88 ii ii a II IE? i 8 I I 181 in I I I I I I I I I I I i n T i i°* ii ii ii ii ii ii ii i i ii ii ii ii ii ii ii ii if ii l id l 88 I* i II II l II ll l I It I l till II ll l I II ll l l I IS « 1 I .1 ISIS i ii ii i i ii i ii ii in a—gi 1*515 *'**• 1 1 1** £i2*g §8S5- 3' §PSP* 5»3gs 85*«* 12*1 1. -gRi 5513 5 1 rs a lag 1 sPiii 52s 1 ** 1 1 alia *~sis s§sgi 1*51* sm sias gaSSs *n*3 IS?" 3»®» sn Rgag 11 11 §3- 1 *S*H 1111 II II III! II I I ISM II II II II 115 1 II II * 132 18*3 1111 3*«« ;a*s 8333 £$sa a-2- 3 11”” ia* n m i“ 1 8° 113 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 rtOLLMENTS Resident noncol- legiate i Is ! O L 1 § m OTHER CiNl Nonresident (collegiate and non- -I E c o* ; t - P i H 1 £ il Is Is | g 1 i a ■- 1 -a 2 S S? I ! i ft* ; 1 N Is H i . !, i * I |!j J & ! Is 2 H i i2 1'ljj i 1 1 [ j* = ! i ,2 pilllfns-. RESIDE Third o'fTall term, and 8 ! !i ii Is 1- - l • 1 1 ! - £ 1 - i? I § n 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 i i i lllll lllll lllll 1,087 414 239 239 MINI i l i i i lllll II 1 1 1 lllll £ qs tfNinHH c- 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i lllll lllll lllll s srsss cc C^vO |H o 1 1 1 1 1 1 il i 1 i lllll lllll lllll £ ££& 1 1 II 1 I 1 1 i i M i lllll lllll lllll tfitno ia vo oo^to 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lllll lllll lllll lllll 8 S\ 1 1 1 1 r i 1 1 1 1 1 lllll lllll lllll § CV (\i -s* CO nO r- g 1 1 1 II 1 lllll lllll 1 1 M 1 lllll a rr*s i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lllll lllll lllll 7,156 1,171 2,735 1,159 1,671 1,159 126 339 1,545 820 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 gsasss lllll lllll Mill lllll 38383 !• !!s! i 1,363 32 22 49 16 147 40 32 27 40 35 26 29 69 146 56 9,518 5,436 3,070 1,962 1,108 U 1,555 40 29 58 27 124 18 51 63 38 59 5,438 27,766 3.312 17,251 2,000 13,040 687 6,384 1.313 6,656 1,311 1,887 i 2’3£ — 40 — 72 — 4i — 215 lllll 1 1 1 I'¬ **58® lllll kfjsks lllll 3,874 2,932 2,644 967 1,677 £ * 1 1 1 1 1 lllll ll 1 14 lllll lllll 11,807 6,823 4,402 1,993 2,409 1,357 1,064 30 21 28 28 82 ssssa 13 33 45 23 42 a c~ cri/Cv, s 1,363 32 22 49 16 147 40 32 27 40 35 40 52 34 59 141 26 29 69 146 56 1 SS2* 8 o 0 798 526 320 25 200 32 63 106 55 51 17 5 13 9 43 2” “ IS ,502 .,126 866 52 499 69 246 R3S 2] Figures for 1937-38. 2/ Figures for 1938-39. TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1939-40— C A. FACULTY AND STUDENTS— Continued 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 202 17 64 15 59 3U 5 §3*13* IS '38 1 1 1 SIISI'I 1 1 1 US 1 1 1,1 El 1 £ 291 17 gs iaa 1 55 194 19 | mw- 665 150 242 273 1 1 1 3S'§* 1 1 IIIIS 3 1113 l S' "rill 1 1 1 i oT Fl§l ,31133 H 1 1 1 <$311-115 H Mill nri 1 a sr 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !- 331 •«» H 822 290 104 77 351 1 1 1 8A 1 1 1 18 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 rt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s &S 1 IS" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 £ 194 194 170 24 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 ©SIMM nri IS II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3,779 3,535 646 559 87 31333 1 1 1 jHHH * rH 1 Mill 1 3 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 vO* || "18 2,415 701 425 693 596 1 1 1 5?l ' Si*** l^l.l 1 1 8 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 8 300 300 70 230 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 135 153 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 i 357 57 55 23 33 75 K I# 6,0a 2,456 2,312 353 A.T1 721 1,061 1 1 1 1 1 2 — 3,605 2,403 248 407 153 187 'S' *5 S«833 3 1 gsuaa 1 ■ 62 47 52 5,563 a**8* 312 312 186 131 55 Igasa'a 131* 1 *1881 1 1 S' 330 46 35 19 37 40 3£R 5,911 gipsa 3.8338 176 106 70 2,261 1,293 143 253 118 83 » i?a*5 $ g 555 89 55 35 59 67 106 47 97 3 3S«F^ RglgS 0? „V~ s?H HH 298 191 107 6,827 4,686 470 809 352 54 305 190 190 94 55 602 'S1B8 a 8 1,742 120 5 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 fi 3,532 : 1,587 187 58 1,082 260 nm 33 1 1,971 1,188 45 88 21 3 108 1*1 is 1 i§sa * 3 »l 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 3,226 2,573 1>5g 13 1,314 153 1,019 238 112 250 419 gg33iQS£ 1 h i 1 1 103 116 1 £ & 1 S'* | 'sssj' ?s .. aesss ssk ssssa’a sa®*' ®sss' ' s a' oT cT oT o? §**»** «i» | mn s»« |pir§ ^ 3 5 s*i*»i 3-K s **& 3 ” ^ «« « S"R'*'*d sr n O |p«SNa |”HmR I IPS# # R 83 ass s gK8S£§ a”1" 3§p*tfe‘3 g: 3 a 1 117 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 119 Rill 211 211 583 498 1 297 146 151 a '*3* $ 1 II 1 II 1 S IS 1 a 81 1 i 1 231 98 68 65 1 1 1 1 S IS 1 543 479 1 334 152 182 145 61 62 22 3 1 1 1 1 II 1 am a anil g IS3 IS 1 MIS 1 II 1 1 5 3 1 1 1 S3 II 1 SS 1 1 1 1 1 S i i i i § 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II a is i * * s 1 1 1 nni i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i a 33*13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IM 1 i i i i - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 i ii i £ ss 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 is i i i i i i $ K £ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rt^H 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i 1 205 205 205 MINI 1 ■8'R 1 1 i i 995 995 226 521 272 249 248 108 47 33 60 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i 2,379 1,9a 976 976 965 114 130 166 459 96 1 'S'r H i i i i 1,462 1,441 1,101 SP3 gssas 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i 6,131 2,972 • 2,589 2,589 383 34 93 109 112 35 1 ISIS 1 1 i i 19 17 rH i i i 1 1 1 1 1 "Nl IH 1 i i i i S SR 1 IS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IBI^ INI 16 13 a i i i 1 1 1 1 1 — i in 1 i i i i 3 rtrt | |Gl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 SS3R IS a * H if i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1,227 865 7 294 256 176 3 362 10 20 332 5 a$a*8 1 1 1 II 1 3 753 204 3 13 1 3 S X i 1 1 1 II 1 1 83*333 • i § 907 907 189 97 621 1 1 1 II 1 1 oT HH * 107 28 19 60 1,985 955 S 230 144 86 SSdSS 83*888* rt a 290 61 45 184 4,904 2,112 1,568 118 97 1,353 3**38* 60 3,933 153 918 sssg 5,988 3,084 2,013 726 361 365 35*** 2,904 2,401 66 705 650 675 173 3 503 102 69 332 17,448 6,658 5,328 369 148 4,911 838833 3 *s“a SS 1 1 1,369 1,111 8 609 291 318 3" '3 3 1 1 1 1 1 II "3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'S'a # IS 1 544 412 8 119 19 100 3 1 1 13 132 132 132 i 1 1 1 1 1,395 667 667 667 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 60 1,541 158 510 154 62 92 2,529 1,300 a 521 272 249 its-- 1,229 867 7 294 258 176 3 362 10 20 332 6,876 2,753 1,745 206 55 1,484 83825* 3 >s'i 3 13 1 3,563 1,862 3 209 93 116 131 58 18 17 38 i 143 94 49 a 232 849 189 97 563 383 34 93 109 112 35 1 cf rT h'h* <*? 34 1/140 18 32 30 18 12 § 2 ® 3233S SRH3 1^5 O' 33 1 5 27 8 ags-s 100 23 14 13 39 11 a 18 16 2 475 278 3 16 6 10 19 6 2 6 1 - s 29 2 8 7 6 6 1 1 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1939-40— Continued 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 M1 I 1 'S' 1 G S' 1 1 £• 'S' 1 I R I'** I I g I I i I I I 3 | §58? 888653 i sj 1 1 « i ist ig § 8S5*S» oT HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 121 1 1 ] 1 1 1 1 §3-11 IP 1 II II II 3. II nil! 1 | CO CO 'O 1 1 O O' 1 3,3°' 1 1 33 II II 1 II ° II H H SPIN 3 1 558 l 1 1 1 O' O' 1 vO lt> II IK 1 rl rl "P 1 1 1 si 1 S2S 1 1 1 1 I§|l- II IS 1 3* rH* i * r 1 1 »rv 1 33 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 "* 1 III”! i-' i 1 1 O' 1 §311311 1 ir 1 II 1 II rT r-T O' JO 33333 3 1 S4S 13 1 00 C- O i»§s 1 1 MS i ~s? oT 3 26 89 17 1 3 ||8 13 H5 O'M^O' I 1 IIP 1 O' O' H H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33 Mill 120 236 1 42 II II 1 rH ,H 1 1 1 II 1 1 gg 13 II 1 240 296 1 89 ^ II II H H Mill 1 1 II 13 HHH H 3*3 662 131 1 135 99 517 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3^SSIS3 ,415 546 23 309 sm 1 3' 3' h" £3 IPS 1 483 988 52 102 401 48 67 53 157 o' O' SSoS” 3 22 ,710 ,414 600 863 127 293 H ,269 135 223 180 512 0 CO 1 g § II II 3 374 ,100 10 99 :i m H 1 3 1 i 1 VN 1 $ II I O' 1 nO vO CM O' 333^3 : 1 H§ 15 !3 I O (0 o »no c- o P) H 3 2 4,983 4,897 23 1/94 16 29 18 19 232 433 13 40 94 4 13 13 11 II II 1 mu II II 1 1 II II 1 1 II II 1 II II 1 11 tip 1 1 11 1 1 II II IS II 1 II II 1 4 15 11 1 1 1 1 II II 1 11 1 11 II II 1 5 1* 1 1 1 1 10 75 3 20 1 mi 1 II II 1 II 1 1 1 1 CM O rH C- O' II M'S II 1 1 1 IP II 1 15 CM O “'S 1 II II 1 ISP 1 1 1 1 s a TJ 8PPS£ ■O tn 1 CV 1 IS II ISSN IP 1 rH 'vf CM ® O NO §■ II II 1 1 is; 1 l SMS* P 135 1 1 1 1 ‘ ‘1’ ‘ 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 S IS II 1 u rt Mill M|IS S31 8* 74 38 327 1,463 470 1 1 i 1 '§' 1 IS 1 IP mihi P8P 1 1 M'H'O # 1 CO ii P 1 1 !X8 ”S i*R»5 8S ISP vO CO ■g OH H 1 S3h 0 H rH 3 64 270 ,013 402 ,100 O ^ O' O' 5SSPS gSsS2 M\lAH(VO vO O' CM _) o M)0'0'>A'4 58 •5 O' H *C\ H H CM HH 1 M» 10 I H CM O' CO 1 1 Igg CM CM I C" I 2 3 1 1 rH -4 CM 1 1 1 i s >» 1 1 1 s * s IS°*PS 11 n 1 85 111 1 £ f - & (MOCOvOM) CO^C^ 00 >0 Sc? 1 34 O >4 v£) rH S4P3S 1 1 1 1 62 204 8,865 366 3,044 SP IP* 1 IRH i SgJ 1 si 1 O O 1 CO H h n l 0"0 VNC*\>0 ^ £\ 4^ •3 Si Pi Pi 1 °'C^ Sncv cn rH CVvO PS 1 O' 'O Pi Pi TABLE 18— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 123 Mill III I I I I I III II I I I III I I I I I III I I I I I III I I I I I III I I I I I III II I I I III gs 1 1 1 1 1 RI83I 1 1 1 1 1 NISI 1 «'« e a * mm * *8" I M 333$ 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 a a 978 ] 125 853 125 101 203 171 no 143 33' m '• 1 1 JR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 8 §£ & SSSQ IS 1 8 SS Mil'* 1 1 m 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 m g g 5 «iihi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 M 1 1$ 8 8 '"III 1 °*°* 1 1 1 1 J 1" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,273 1,270 1,270 33 < 1 1 ia 16 147 ini ling 1 " 1 s r s asagEs s NO vO r^v cn II" 1 13 *l'£i 1 no 9 ,039 36 I" sn $8*8*8 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -Js? S3 m 1 1 1 « l 11 1 1 min cf- 1 1 1 IS 1 III t- >3- £ * $ — FT - 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 88 IS 1 II i" l 1 1 min 1 1 1 IS 1 III 1_| 8 llllll • 150 235 81 367 207 855333 1 209 23 199 189 151 561 139 143 1 12*3 1 I 1 1 I> m »T\ sO s P 5 394 535 187 853 382 323 301 209 88**353 **58* 472 385 561 - 201 270 333*8. * Ss5 O sO rT 8 5 1 s s s § s § 38**3* IS 1 1 1 1 IS S3 3^811 1 0 1 1*31 1 >*5' ' irs 254 254 707 4, 273 420 548 368 783 mu S 1 3 607 3, 602 2, 16 48 '8**1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mg | | 4,217 7, 4,006 6, 3,512 3, 150 235 81 367 207 ,143 ,881 117 345 163 218 262 16 209 170 199 189 X 232 143 1 i§*g 262 221 41 * s * ,011 256 513 592 597 676 *8335 33s 8,391 4, 8,271 3, 155 479 256 257 147 14 2,334 236 335 224 336 239 148 33' -8 oT 6 $58$ 8*8*-'$ $ |83$ 888538 1 &3§ 838883 r~sO vO C~-rH iH S issg sa'*3g o' c~'h h «H £. 38*6 SI >883 « vTm h oT r M SIMM §11 §111 I I 8*3 hum § IS I I I II I III I I 1 1 I I. Ill I I II I I I I I I I I rg § is 1 1 1 1 1 1 mi 1 1 1 1 1 1 mi 1 1 1 1 M £3 I gstssss 3pi S**3ga 839 8*p8&p §ni §iii i 1 1 i ii i i i 1 1 i i i ii ii i i 1 1 1 i 38 11 1 1 1 g I I M-.il 83M i iH oToT W'fl" $3 I I I I I a a i i I I I gg I I 12 I 5**88®* 88* 1 M i §§11111 583* > >s I I I I I I I I 3*8* 3*8» m* &33* § i§ -a i icu 1 ini | IS 3 M3 II Nil gSS i i^a H H I 8833 388888 888 S«3S* *es* sg« i i»g [> OcTr-T r-T »n i-T r-T CtwT 3*8» 33 s §5338® §31 i i '3 5*8* **5 «?cT 8*S88aR as i i*s * S§£* g*S3§3 h 3 ' »A U> - “'S sss 1/645 16 57 363 23 * 221 4 13 18 7 3 32 8 10 105 13 8 3 83*3® s 3 a 47 40 26 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1939-40— Continued 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 3 a*1 a 440 94 87 133 126 1 1 1 3S! 1111 ii i is 1,731 ] 871 381 381 490 129 79 144 138 1 1 f §ggl 1 M 1 1 1 IS a nm 1 i 1 lH 1 IS *13 11 i iiS3 CM CM CM r-l rH 67 13 8 21 25 1 1 1 i- i n 3 I'* 1 1 R RR IS 1 1 1 1 1 III i i ii i i i Mill a ss's I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 1 3,799 3,355 1,731 1,731 1,624 238 483 323 580 1 1 1 444 413 310 1 is- 1 1,327 216 435 259 417 1 1 1 g*l* 1 1 1 ^ 1 SR 1 85 72 72 2 70 INI! 1 1 1 333 till 1 1 1 1 1 8 83"6 i : i i i 1 1 1 333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2,980 1,406 1,234 553 681 i 1 1 ii gPSt 1,574. 1,472 196 47 152 139 258 150 30 156 241 3,829 2,095 1,931 785 1,146 1 ! 1 1 1 164 77 87 1,734 1,608 399 81 154 271 132 29 189 214 5,308 3,669 2,170 350 1,820 1,307 185 399 244 479 192 94 98 1,639 1,486 400 75 137 59 196 137 31 186 174 15,734 11,052 7,987 1,208 6,779 2,743 408 855 535 945 322 155 167 4,682 4,364 1,799 139 299 139 504 **3*3 4,153 3,339 1,611 306 1,305 1,778 259 639 §1 1 1 1 764 746 223 9 132 158 14 110 52 1,844 1,494 1,072 145 927 3*3*3 1 1 1 |R 3 vO O'V CM 1,624 238 483 323 580 172 78 94 81S-333 CNr-T 3*3H3 oT .ow? v? 1,327 216 435 259 417 164 77 87 2,772 2,587 1,280 92 154 271 141 29 211 56 214 480 314 186 25 1/161 CO V\crv 166 160 43 5 10 17 22 7 5 21 1 19 1,056 638 524 58 1/466 102 22 27 28 25 ST i* 19 5 21 8 21 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 129 1 a a is 1 § 1 3 330 162 168 as *3 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 1 299 38 90 7 164 i i i 1 1 1 § 16 i 15 1 ft 1 3 340 182 158 81 1 1 1 §' '§ § a 1 asga >5 i . Mill 1 i t> O | 1 3 8 8 1 1 1 §§'§< 1 1 1 1 1 mm- 8 P IP 1 1 i o5o? 1 1 a a 2 I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 1 g 3 13 1 1 i 1 1 1 I i 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 a 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 a* 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 rH rH H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 » a 1 si 1 1 1 1 1 si 1 1 1 1 1 a 1 1 I £ 5 C*“ 4 >* 443 262 181 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2,617 o, 3318'55« 0? 1 1 1 1 1 & 1 1 1 ft f! S 8 104 79 25 888 1 1 1 1 1 1 7,011 2,795 1,994 801 93 69 134 44 223 8 1 1 1 1 1 i f’l 1 R 5 5 3 1 1 1 "" r 1 1 1 1 1 ON H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 g 9t & &■ i 1 1 t> I> C" | | 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 Mill. i 1 1 1 1 § i 102 46 56 £ 1,137 3 3 1 1 1 519 55 55 464 335 129 s cf 1 1 215 215 i 8**3 a i K 3,404 : S S 1 1 1 2,721 2,661 2,355 306 S 1 IS 6,608 ft 1 !U i| i i 0 g g** S 5 £ 8 168 107 61 1,087 777 643 26 108 310 198 74 38 5,744 § H a 1,091 117 105 169 326 209 2 204 114 90 a g 228 118 110 a 5,821 2,509 1,974 535 331 204 3,312 2,788 2,431 57 300 8 •i O' 3 >o* 1,957 3,770 427 359 557 923 792 a 333^ 3 a 1 1 1 5 3 1 194 194 Mill 1 1 1 1 g 2“ 1 1 874 142 181 193 8 3 113 8 a 1 1 1 g g g 8 S3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,834 8 3 Sd 13 IS g 3 113 § 102 46 56 § 1,626 1,105 1 32a 521 57 57 6,157 3,130 ■* 2,844 344 290 428 732 569 3 284. 54 69 161 s- £ a”- £ 4,271 1,468 1,364 104 79 25 §3§'g oToToT S 1 IS L4,358 3,781 1,994 mm 8 559 129 81 349 S - 8 g 3 K3tf 63 16 4 12 3 1 8 s O' a 18 5 1/ 8 5 a a C-CO On rH 3 a g 3 28 20 8 351 311 278 1 32 33^8 ft 1 8 a 35 7 1/16 12 1937-38. TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 1 I V M I | I I II 1 1 1 1 1 | | sgss* ' I® IP SiS >3 r? asa** II* IS RS3 'S S38 i* 186 "I 68858 r> CV r-i 8SSs3 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS §3® 1 1 1 4,494 iv lV Oi 1 1 1 853558 288 157 359 §§11111 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 538 212 326 5,855 3,712 1,749 1,451 1 1 1 388333 336 148 377 !IM,M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •5 479 300 179 22 1 1 83 1 IIS HE °* 1 1 1°“ i 1 1 1 1 1 §r s® 1 1 134 75 gj 1 *8 'a 3 H aa •* 23* IS^S 1 s o' 28 1 1 1 81 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 I 1 1 1 * i ® 1 1 1 i 1 1 a TC 1,559 1,491 1,491 S3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3?i H ' 'ff'O 1 1 1 1 1 SI II 1 •S 1 1 1 1 1 1 t si'J" ££ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pi 13 11 1 1 1 1 1 !"" 13 3*2 1 1 1 s s ssss 1 1 531 828353 38333 ££ IS« 1 1 sfa ® 1 1 1 1 1 cT 6 1,482 888 ! i 1 s s 1 3* X s&s 1,026 69 182 121 53 105 51 300 54 91 SS'BSi* §MII 2,195 1,295 3,745 177 1,845 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 SSI'*1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 gg/ H*l Mill a 1 § 1 1 •8 i 1 1 1 1 1 i §H " ' 1 1 1 Mill! Mill 1 1 1 1 1 ija" i i i 33 ■ £ 55® s' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 iiasis1 S3 458 754 364 1,021 ] 625 350 IS i 1 1 755 427 328 a 3SBS3* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 s 1 i 1 l|l 1 1 V¥' 1 s a E> C^tO £> »?) * 22* 333 3 il&isa 499 251 248 ,479 44 338 151 152 149 145 144 133 77 146 '8388 925 360 ,774 89 92 57 821 3 3>o^oT S3 m * 63,945 56,675 16,773 27,552 10,831 1,519 2,298 1,265 1,033 833883 v? 466 445 518 355 501 ss " §3333 32185 a-® S' MS S3 i § « S3333J -*5S3 H 229 254 208 183 SeS*1*1 as MI'S SJgM CO 1,063 419 365 54 33 1 5 *S*S»< 1 1333$ 26 230 17 26 SS'S'S* 1 1 1 1 1 I'sJ 1 '5 3 tO C* rl ^ r-l 419 266 153 a S333S£ 881 ,391 160 278 423 IS 33853 ,578 ,207 515 197 58 232 "'338 ,479 2 ,552 316 350 p rtis'Vs * S3 00 rH rH 420 260 160 755 427 328 8 3 37,517 35,753 9,664 24,998 327 764 (S3* 1,026 69 182 121 53 105 51 300 ■ 54 91 79,525 78,892 461 52 976 564 109 1,094 8,032 1,295 5,622 176 4,008 333 3®"' * ‘•8 142 26 1/490 25 3«| £K53ES 33333 2,490 2,245 29 13 6 1 1 l"'RSR 479 . 8 248 21 37 ‘■'R SS " S3® 11,615 1,732 1,526 300 968 1/161 97 80 43 1/37 126 2 11 14 17 9 2SSSS 9,883 9,772 28 54 7 52 39 13 126 10 20 14 2,330 144 1,381 it 131 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 133 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S3 13 1 1 g M 1 l§ Mill 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 13 1 1 1 118 35 ‘I ‘"3 1 1 lH 1 12 668 39 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ll&S 1 1 ISMS l 1 Ies 1 Ig IK 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I*- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MINI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1? 1 IS * 1 1 1 1 3S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 55 1,710 £ >°ri aa'.i 1 1 1 392 252 HO 385 51 38 55 3* 1 II 1 1 1 1 155 46 3,338 '*"! 72 170 123 as ■ ■* 1 1 KK 1 KIM IK 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IK r> 'a 1 1 1 1 1 35 127 12 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Is! 1 £ 15 522 1 1 1 n *51 !J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 200 125 467 307 287 789 801 1 1 11 1 2,691 473 1,222 104 B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 370 103 92 32 20 s 90 402 241 1,715 423 1,072 1 1 1 i§ 2,015 637 183 Ig' 'll! II 1 1 1 1 §11881 1 a«3rta 156 278 105 278 1,508 1 si 13 8$ 201 201 3® IS KK d 698 469 240 5,556 467 1,339 287 789 6,596 1 78 170 128 829 4,616 2,301 1,234 277 64 307 215 £53 o«“K 3s 675 103 92 51 90 224 3 1 Iglg 134 1,340 3 1 1 IK 398 555 79 9 1 1 $$ 1 3 111 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 155 1,127 144 1,028 1 1 IS S33*1 1 1 33 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 701 1,047 467 372 287 789 2,771 5 1,878 950 1,234 104 &■ 392 252 HO S«*» 86 cn 594 103 92 32 20 224 3 ia3a| 72 170 123 829 2,968 1,351 183 64 •a 377 377 Kill IK § 1 188 1 1 g 1 1 ** K38KK o» H IS 1 34 1/101 138 3 1 833 70 1/25 14 13 OJ'O 35""* $ ssa-sg 19 24 1/710 8 •'3* S3 42 39 3 m3 41 1/6 7 '9 n 5 i ian 1 1 | | m aa § 55r* 5s C? HH H 3 I I * I s r1 a* | |g£i § aagi § 53 ■» § ggsg o' S!K> H W c*\ “sir 107 60 178 10 3" " S' saaggs sga ii1 l”:J' 83 101 984 197 79 337 66 215 a 1 1 1 1 V « IS38S PP” ggl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 nil 1 1 31**8* SSI ' 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 nil 1 1 4,750 1 77 1 233 422 823 917 1,330 494 454 12,920 12,430 21 266 119 259 99 •S'®! " "S 480 95 430 126 47 136 jassga gas ss^ssas 1*1-1 1 1 1 1 1 '$358- *3 11,050 598 1,188 1,186 3,430 1,489 1,411 1,015 733 8,932 8,727 28 190 132 S 20 257 264 25 63 mis 302 65 3U 171 8* a, 023 1,462 2,744 3,204 13,227 3,720 3,101 10,580 2,985 36,036 34,038 72 727 336 706 212 91 762 1,051 83 192 181 302 225 264 ■sssa 2,602 340 333353 gg*i8*» IS'*' 107 4 95 210 i**iS 1 £ gssaga 3*9 IS*'*** 66 230 17 | | ISS irt 15 15,549 729 1,264 1,338 3,951 1,555 1,494 4,001 1,217 17,630 16,690 21 £ 3a 99 8 365 42 7 115 60 179 10 266 243 484 95 430 126 362 136 28,722 833 1,480 2,018 10,459 2,165 2,318 7,340 2,109 22,466’ 21,485 51 464 252 365 134 83 418 1,105 46 197 86 337 71 21.5 12 110 428 229 IS 636 58 63 1/200 77 38 112 1/34 1,034 948 7 38 15 25 12 IS"'" 1 '“SPSS r 2,479 91 107 162 iA.132 154 115 602 1/116 2,385 2,323 8 64 21 60 19 7 55 103 8 8 1/31 90 17 59 28 r HIGHER INSTITUTIONS I I I I I I II I I I I IS I i i ri i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 i i i i i i*iii i* l i i *§igg 88333 -ii 15 £ 1 I if" *5ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 “ as0' I 1 1 I I 1 1 "2 >*8 3 >3 5-g 1511" 1 ® 1 1“ s* igg 583 >8 I 1 1 1 1 I I I I I 1 1 1 1 1 I I II I I I I I I lllll I I II I I £ I I I C* I I I I I I I I I ' '88 1 *»S8* 2S8S3 -1^1 1 '§2' 3 >883 >888' 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IK lH I ISM I H II II 3 I I I I S3 I I I gcf II 1 * IS I I * M II SSPSS 8338' gasp SSI 13 “S'll 83885 sHs> I I I I I II 1 1 1 1 K8g I I 182 I H rH I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I *MSI I I- I I I I I I I 31 I § I i®«8* »3«SS IS'8' I I ISI '3*33 ® 1 |r| 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I igg 1 II I I I I I I I I I I I >8>*§ I-T >8'$8 131 1 1 I3MI 8|33a >8388 3S*6S 38883 O' r-T «355« 1 1 mi 1 mi 7 88a 1 111 1 111 1 1 Li " 333 & 3 1 3 1 111 L 1 1 1 o III I III § S33 8 333 H * 3£§ § 3 IS I 333 1 § i* I I I !• r 3 1 1 is 1 1 1 3 *S82"a >toT r-T I I I I I o i rs IIM rt 88 II IIS IIM g || II I I S "II a 8gjgl lg CO l><*\ H r-T " " 3 as1*1 >s a sv“ - - 11 1 1 g 33131 13 MM g 3313M3 385* | §§83§ffi 5S3« 8 8383 >83. ' O UNO? H 5i3» 8 888* 8 rfrf Of jfjf - S' °'°i I 8.8831 <3^ c- r-r\ H h SIS I 3 |S3^IK3 8.388 8S3* s 8888. >88 137 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 1 1 S"* g 3 11 ' ' 458 81 377 § 1 1 n ii 1 1 1 1 1 1 309 135 174 P § 1 oT SlgSgl j 1 1 PP 1 £ §1111 493 84 409 39' 1 IS1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P g 1 oT H~ |lss3 1 1 1 III § 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 203 172 52 120 1 1 1 1 1 1 rtrt 1 1 1 1 !"'2S 1 1 III N 1 1 1 1 1 till NNIIH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11! | II lrt« 1 1 • " 2 ill"*15 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 " 1 1 1 1 r r in 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 rt 3 1 cT 3 1 1 1 13 *3 3,327 2,916 2,271 1,286 746 239 645 108 388 149 a^Mn- 15 227 £ 3** 1 1 1 g a 1 * - gasass n 5,606 4,945 4.663 2.663 1,751 249 282 £ 75 ss" ' 130 250 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 29,029 7,270 3,377 3,893 59 414 387 141 280 is IMS 1 1 1 1 1 PR" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 r- 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 "IS SftPS 1 1 1 1 1 SS'0 1 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •a 133 34 99 2,790 997 243 643 a*'* 1,793 1,334 121 246 201 60 47 127 224 a R |R 406 154 252 S K S P MINI •a ssi p s«ai pi * ® 2,442 1,907 124 275 121 56 223 322 332 a 1 1 1 SS' 18,389 : 1,582 1,517 II 1 II 1 117 50 67 4,903 3,251 2,451 1,307 1,132 12 §883 93*5*38 30 48 138 149 370 3 SOI SOI 18,823 4,452 1,839 2,569 78 192 265 97 161 81 1,126 186 87 99 13,846 7^662 3,603 3,601 458 1,164 332 480 352 §3988313 «w § gss 824 621 203 79,485 16,322 7,200 9,039 190 772 695 302 544 '■3 2,101 1,752 1,030 437 492 101 722 134 447 141 349 274 100 100 IMIS vO ™ , s 1 a 3 -*■ h 3,381 239 460 163 182 '3 1,135 1,104 892 396 462 34 a*!88 fl“l III 1 1 II M 1 1 1 PP 1 0 0 P rt rt S « " 1,600 140 283 53 145 "S S-* s spsjr O >tnHH 756 178 388 190 2,237 1,674 246 201 60 30 15 47 127 237 227 a 157 70 87 406 154 252 30,690 7,562 1,815 ss i | 513 185 166 162 3,129 2,594 130 275 121 221 130 56 223 328 582 528 1 1 1 535 535 52,711 9,448 5,478 g«3S3S i « 33"° P 8rtPK'° 198 128 •4 13 28 25 1/11 ON 29 17 12 33S 2,045 570 170 397 9 30 23 16 25 § 3ESSS 3333 310 14 24 28 1/50 1/20 9 21 34 47 s 1 1 1 7,013 1,130 772 346 9 26 31 U 24 139 591046 0 - 44 - 10 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 jiillfui UliliJj Is Is "T s 39 '89 315 69 269 98 I §32 MM II M 1 II ll l l ll ll s 161 188 189 248 334 & 101 1 883' 1 1 i II II 1 ll I II i i i ll 2 S3 IP 1 i**8 & 9|*8sh i 2° >32 * ll 1 l 5" i« 2 SS IS 1 I3?3 3 i o\ <> 32"" 3 1 1 1 1 3" '5 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 88J 1111 mill 1 1 IS 1 ii 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 gg II 1 II oT oT IP II 1 “13 11 mill 2 162 991 486 204 396 299 337 396 1,079 1 33 1 > " 1 CO CO 'I'll 14 6 658 444 35 2 128 449 273 207 205 266 273 268 543 1 §>r mi 'I111 51 30 1,254 £-MI 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 “1111 II II* 2 II 1 1 2 1 1 II 1 Mil 1 §§ 11“ M 3 II II 1111“ a i 1“ l = 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 a 12,384 11,941 18 143 311 643 500 518 293 284 266 12 1 1 1 “'I1! 2 Mill till $ 68*83 1 1 as § II II i§iii 261 94 960 369 - *3«S8 169 105 181 324 14,371 13,792 13 119 243 172 167 ^StgScit insi 5**83 - 261 1,396 683 411 581 «sas a 63,163 62,182 40 358 6» 628 580 1,489 2,389 290 284 259 71 561 65 1,818 36 1,439 157 193 934 490 t* 151 432 295 149 152 178 206 283 491 i SSI 3**1 «TaT 231 454 349 M lg 1 S'S'S 46 149 96 59 89 86 86 100 268 i $§ lag m 31 1 M II II 1 £ 1$ 1? - 3S588 299 337 396 1,079 a asssasa as hi sSa' 8*8 >8 - 128 449 273 207 205 266 273 268 543 3 43,263 42,695 22 254 423 9 963 .1,567 59 430 59 1,254 38 |8*8S CO . 83333 c*\ 1,475 1,374 9 6 10 42 61 32823 •cy'*'*3 1 1/35 5 8 3 13 33338 8223 3 5,883 5,798 17 28 46 24 44 a*T HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 141 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 II 12 1 i l M i 1 IMI 1 II II IMS 1 1 123 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 II II 1 MS 1 1 1 1111 II 13 1 1113 1 1133 1 1 i IIIIS 40 48 MM2 1 1 M g 2 II II 1 II II MM 1 II II 1 9/822 796 119 1 Is 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS ISR 1 1 1 II II II 1 II 1 1 1 I II 1 1 II II 1 SIM! 1 II 1 1 1 IIM II II II 12 1 II II 1 II II 1 1113 1 1 1 I> OA O 1 '33R $ 1 ISSI 1 1 (0 c 1 1 1 1 1 Mill ■ 3 1 33 1 II II 1 II II 1 CO II II II 1 1 1 1113 1 1 igS 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 3 ' 1 II llHll HI i 1 1 1 1 133 E gill 34 2,700 1,149 1,398 1 c 2 p 1 1311 § M II 5>33g 1 1 IS 1 1 129 400 268 CO 3 12“ 1 177 66 140 40 23 4,548 48 s'!!1 1 H 1 1 1 1 II II 1 3 II II i i” i i II II 1 1 II 1 1 1 II 1 1 IMS 1 II3§ 1 i it K NISI II ” 1 1 2 II II IIS II Mill 1 II 1 1 II 1 II 1 M3 1 1132 1 O ir\ 1 S| n c 31 1 '3 202 191 II Mg c- | | (v«n 3 1 '23 13 1 I 1 1 1 1 lg- 3 17 455 101 353 314 1233 1 2 CN © *H V* rH O 3*1* 1 224 962 448 286 250 400 113 II 3 I i 1 1 1 1111 62 189 525 293 181 380 931 152 1,406 1,442 583 Si 174 292 86 100 115 276 150 118 IS "3 «r» h «An>o >0 b- *f\0'D- 33*3' C- 3 1 1 12 55 158 96 120 104 241 ,739 1 SS28 £ rH i 33 I IS 32 I I I I I 12 oISQSPSf £ MU 3gcV°S ”1111 11113 f§ I 13 §§ Mg I ! I I i’l MM II Rill 23 13 i; I I I I I I I I 3 I i i m i" is i ishm $*32' aSMS 3° I ° 138:3 | I IS; I I 3 1383 § I IS I ’■Si O rH i* ii n i r- t" oi c\ o c lll£ I 'M“§ !Sg? cTcT ■*55p 13323 ’ Jh r\ v C^C> TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1939-40— Continued A. FACULTY AND STUDENTS— Continued 142 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 £ z W llll Girls £3 9 § |1J2 Boys n § Nonresident (collegiate and non- collecriatel Wom¬ en © H ffi H O Men 2 l Schools Graduate Wom¬ en S Men © z 2 2 § gj H 2 Wom¬ en © 1 1 Men H Sciences 1 Graduate Wom¬ en 09 w Men — § § a 1 ! | ” i Wom¬ en 2 W o «! S •o c Men © o o E- Z Fresh¬ men (first vear of college work), men and wom¬ en © Q GO W Third week of fall term, men and wom¬ en 00 er ses- 1939 Wom¬ en - Ii C/3 Men <0 § lj Women <2 Men - Faculty (Reduced to full¬ time basis) Women CO Men 2 C b c. c c 2 2 C b b 1 2 ft C ft n < 2 5 ! > 5 5 > 3 | > j - II II II II I 3 I * I 3 1 lH I I IS I I I" I I \i II II I I O I 8> I Pi R ^ ! as i i i i i i i i i i i i i ill ii in i i i ii i i i i i I £ i i I i i * I I R I 3I^"h I 3 8 1 s i mi i mi 3 "U" I 1 I I I I vO I nD 3 1 d o I o a 1 a I0' ! I Oi irv C'- H irv co^O (St I* I III 3" I l£ I S3 I I IS I § 1 I Ids s -V* l> £> H 8 -4- l> C- HWriO'- H ^ C\ O V\ CM ^ Hi "S,a oJJS E R § £ I I Publicly controlled: University, 'college, or professional school University or Puerto Hico, Rio Piedras . 308 152 2,047 2,541 952 1,623 4,129 1,092 506 272 9 15 1,532 2,254 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 143 3-i 1111 S ' 'IN | | SS'S i i i i 1 1 1 1 i i i M i | g I l^s! | S | |gg I o SI I I ' 8 ' 1 | | I I I ' 3 33 11 c* 1 § I* I a I 5 18 IS? Hs'l I I O? ri “ 3 Sl,s S 1,215 1,620 223 276 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R is •8 992 1,344 101 140 74 100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i ° i i 1 18 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 S' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 143 143 1 1 1 1 1 S' 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 « « 1 1 1 1 1 « , as i i i .1 a 1"' 1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 8 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 '“'“Mir Mill II 1 1 1 1,008 733 1 1 l£ 3 8 1 275 167 1 1 120 13 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 s. 5 1,987 176 8 S' gS33 1 IS I*-* 1 1 18 II 1 P 3 1 1 1 1 1 4 i && Mill r is i 1 1 1 1 1 a a 1 1 1 1 1 a i 88 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 la i 1 1 1 1 1 6,381 2,432 i i8i 8 408 1,739 3,949 3,272 211 a 223 306 312 170 465 400 360 234 158 43 4,905 2,268 1,196 292 196 3 r 2,637 2,227 155 159 74 1 Iggl 135 242 264 li¬ 430 725 154 8 578 514 3S3Spp* oTc-T 86 101 105 325 163 134 148 164 78 st 5 WJ CO hoT 8 1,946 1,721 6,674 5,532 330 351 195 220 205 303 366 343 975 390 357 22 369 360 304 ? I 195 113 8 370 408 ipsi 1* 1*18' 3 8 IgSI d RR SStfRIIS I'" 1 8 I ^ ISRS S 144 SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 1938-40 33* R* $ 274 83 R 15 1 l 1 191 191 $33 1 1 1 1 695 213 118 a 1* § £l> 3,R III. 179 179 333 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 lg n' 140 44 96 1*11143 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R 273 205 • *R 33 1 16 2 U 38 1 1 133 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 S'* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 108 74 34 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 §R 265 2 101 742 549 193 427 254 173 43 IS 1 IS 19 3 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,961 1,901 1,367 423 315 108 111 59 52 S3 IS 1 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 S3 " 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 3 33 3 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II II 1 1 1 1 1,352 354 336 110 10 216 1 1 1 18 12 6 *M583S 1 1 1 S3 £S 33 3 3 669 558 5*5 1 1 1 111 54 57 942 883 268 178 112 146 179 55 1 $51*33 2,815 1,928 840 475 132 233 IIS 484 273 211 $333**3 122 77 45 1,020 184 174 63 178 302 88 vfT 55 ?-*s m 650 378 272 saassw 33 1 i 1 3 IS 1 1 1 1 1 5 *12 Sri Id8 107 81 424 287 77 56 35 79 40 1 1 1 8 IS M 1 1 1 s 539 311 s's 193 193 35 12 23 108 95 22 30 18 13 12 108 74 34 677 170 122 47 127 118 33 2,967 1,910 723 380 12 331 742 549 193 445 266 179 1,057 800 258 196 80 113 153 19 3 16 33 3,616 2,645 2,000 996 398 606 423 315 108 222 113 109 971 899 268 192 112 58 14 10 4 S833‘''°' -w 3 5* 59 6 13 £33 £8 ''"'i i i 98" i " la 1 1 i II II 1 II 4 11 II II 1 SI *•*«* 6,151 ££88 i"i i i 88 '338 ' 113 250 75 153 101 295 243 247 195 445 15*13 102 168 243 272 336 39 S3 I8S 6,728 " " i i 5,745 4,939 126 203 168 168 181 135 130 201 176 298 226 367 183 4 297 257 56 58 80 63 7,179 SBRB 8838 C*N «H r-T rH 3 88' *83' 95 116 58 72 76 171 90 192 139 276 135 161 35 131 84 205 90 3?9 assss 22,144 8,931 5,157 703 4,454 3,364 561 881 750 1,172 1 98S333S S3* *3368 481 385 539 379 797 313 314 93 170 471 102 317 fi 310 1,802 80 137 86 37 14 5,510 2,617 1,360 137 1,223 1,096 255 400 3 3 2,893 900 47 82 SSSK 1 1 23 1 1 - IK IS 1 1 §5t 1 II SIM'" 3,520 3338 I '85 (N rl rH K a 1,405 617 29 34 SsMS 1 IRS II 16 4 31 59 1 isas 1 1 11,973 4,990 2,092 J8 2,576 565 470 699 § 8 6,983 4,740 148 116 215 229 8 120 284 75 153 101 *3883 62 147 159 4 194 333gi 3* £oi 1 °cv 13,280 5,887 3,917 539 3,378 1,760 356 412 481 a 88*588* vO 284 199 181 135 130 201 176 298 226 367 251 183 15 166 297 'Ssaa 8* 1 88*3 5»*« a 3 6 . 15 3 12 10 10 6 15 18 23 6 11 7 3 5 ass® 1 sr 15 8 1 6 I 88»g 8&R»- s 3 gf«Eiaa^ 17 44 15 17 15 “sssa 1/97 15 8 8 36 16 19 27 47 27i > for 1937-38. 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40— Continued 146 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 g gs'-asfc I i i i i i i g i 1 1 1 1 i 3 I I I I I I 3 ININ 3 I I I I I I a i i i i i i l i i i i i I I M i i I I i i a 333*3* I 35335* | i g $ isas i § *83«*g* 3 8333** S*^2 § §311151 773 127 259 139 70 176 £333 1 3 §« 1 1 IS 1 1 1 1 1 gg|i ig 81 144 1 1 1 1 1 8,094 || 1 1 >33 3*35 333SS3 £3 1 1 1 1 1 I 2,675 1,895 29 33 54 402 1 1,376 775 186 43 194 63 57 55 177 1 1 1 1 1 £ 1 1 1” 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 495 209 167 11 tail 3ES3S3 "8 II 1 1 1 8,003 7,266 1,712 419 529 764 5,554 878 1,710 709 849 529 S3 1 1 1 1 1 s (> 16,152 11,392 5,539 277 444 I3J5 *8^33 rl M H 218 466 1 1 1 II i H" 1** *s§$ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 839 839 74 | i^s§ 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 84 35 143 72 325 i 3* 12,335 8,862 513 359 245 554 2,769 960 873 2,589 1 1 88 26 134 37 1 3 13,541 8,354 615 433 165 137 664 1,193 1,470 3,677 1 1 75 45 154 a 197 5 3 15,582 7,3a 1,632 374 146 289 328 924 1,090 719 1,839 2,797 359 838 338 369 271 199 422 164 60 270 91 323 8 3 46,321 28,782 6,063 1,223 472 1,052 1,108 2,646 3,890 2,130 10,198 9,600 1,673 2,979 1,267 1,371 889 8 isr° 1 3 3,833583 3J&S 3SS&S1S O JAvO rH CM rH rH r-T * I*'* 1 | rl 12,561 7,568 1,909 276 51 254 319 902 352 3,505 3,884 917 1,039 559 601 338 155 275 84 35 143 72 325 31,437 20,574 11,143 513 359 675 580 2,855 1,531 982 3,648 5,958 9a 1,825 749 961 545 £2 i 43,115 31,022 20,789 6,395 710 165 609 692 2,715 1,524 7,979 5,046 936 1,552 716 660 476 93 12 5 14 7 52 s.ga*5** 2£ rt ”833' HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 147 SIMM. R II II I "'Mill "'Mill II I II I I II II I II II II II II II II II II II II II gj§38:g» §8^3 JSPSKR 8533S3 S 133 IP IMIS II I II II II I II MR II II I II II I ri i I"' 1 1 II II I II II I II 1 1 1 I II 1 1 1 1 §33 II II II 113 II l§ I I I §£sf II II I II II I IIP I I I p^3lgl IgSSI -38 II inn I I 32)8:3 IP I MSPS I "38 I I II II I I II I I II II I II II I II II I I I II I II It I I II I I II II I II II I II I II II II I I 11 II I II II II II I II I II II I I I II II I 93993 *33^ S83ad 8*113 sISs* £8*83 -IIs* 93933 -331*32 B lHS8 I 1335 SISrtIK SndPS 3 Ih§5 I I ““8 p883g 88Pg* 3§S£P ^3*- $8*«9 II 33 I II II II II I II II II I 8 I I II M Rp 11 "'P 1 ll 11 l ll gg I lag l g 11 11 II gg 13 IS I I MX II II gg I- IS I IIP II a* ipg'ii '3S5* s* aws'gs • sin1 gs 333* 'IS '98*3 E§S8*ga 33395 »* MS8'** '3138 >♦4“ R8*3«g* ip ip 1 S§33s 38993 -si¬ s' 'S-g S'0 ^3' 3“ 8859*13 '5838 oV* s* s£*S*£s a335> S3 H -“ SjgS'M^S M33S II II I II I I I II II I II II I II II I II II I *§K$3 d Ig^a *SEs8 *ls§3 SPS^S *3533 8 >3** SPSS"' 11 l 11 ill ip ll 1 ill IS IS£ §sg I I 183 gP* I I II I ^lT "'Mil $ IS sms pis pgsxip 319 3 13 13 MS 8 13 13 MS 3»S98 'IS £*§*§ lg* SplsS '35 |S988 118 I IP§3 ISft I IgPg I Pg 8 '993 888 |S9S5 3PP 1 ms ^sa TABLE 18.-FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND GRADUATES, 1 939-40-Continued A. FACULTY AND STUDENTS — Continued 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 HP iiia ill! JIs? Is l! Is Is Ittitfn is mm g ii l! Pi 111 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1$ S 1 108 2 3 n II Ii 1 1 1 1 **iiii 1 1 1 129 47 9 © V 1 13 'a* i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 §111- 1 3 1 1 1 i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 1 Mill © 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 to hii 1 IP 1 1 i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 Mill 2 ip i i i i >3 1 1 i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 CO 1 1 i i i i i i ii i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 M i i i i i a'sa* i i i 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 = *8' asssgs h" 133 143 105 87 76 24 112 111 © 261 307 133 183 S31 dSS3 13 3 H 182 54 *3 77 93 56 135 125 © 220 206 150 82 135 136 3Si?£s5 3 166 118 35 43 172 “3^2 00 498 79 594 373 420 475 492 8*333* 315 179 100 99 249 33saa 272 76 157 188 196 13 280 40 15 13 ass 22 1 I"** © 1 £3$ a 3 | IRS Id a" 1 IS 1 |«-'fc © 279 2 332 293 104 *8* 1,233 40 65 67 132 22 33s 32 6**33 - 261 77 307 133 183 163 241 661 1,321 60 84 43 S*i 77 93 56 135 125 CO 26 2 17 18 10 22- 107 3 6 3 21 2 11 3 3 5 8 - rt^S3?r 28°' O NO H '“a 15 9 10 7 11 1 s ' § sSsB 1 § Sr ' 8 gg&g I 6 S5S5S I 8 8§*S 1 ! P8 ' 8 ^ oToT r7 I p SSS'0 I g ggps s 5 m CM CVHH * 5 !-?# a s sT 3 8.58*8 g »VstV - § 8338 H HH " 3333 * * 5J*| * 5 SB " 8 58** " s HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 149 a •$»« $aa> 1 rH 3 1 i i i i i 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 IS § §311111 sim § ■9" 237 223 223 3 CO 1 i i i M “MINI • 1“ 1 SS" I" 1 >$ 82 82 i ' ' 1 1 1 8 1 i i i i 1 88 1 1 1 18 1 1 1 1 s? 5!8'*1? • >* § ' i >3 998" 1 1 1 i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s rH 13 IS • IS 3 1 13 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H H H i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 nO RR 1 1 °* 1 1 IS* 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s s s i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 $ 138 138 7 'S' 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1,004 8 1 3 £ yO 8 347 153 90 104 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5,335 88H 'ss* 44 89 403 3$S*3 444 i 1 1 1 1 IIS'" 1 $ 3 8 44 19 6 19 181 181 181 1 1 1 1 SSS'-Sr 4s? 4 dpi 1 1 1 i INI as;* 1 I 1 8 pj pi 1 1 1 1 1* 1 II 1 1 1 SS'* 1 1 13 1 Pi" 1 1 1 1 1 i till ass" 1 8 3 si 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * sr* 1 1 19 IS"' i 1 1 1 1 s 101 96 91 403 423 356 223 133 £ 1,190 a a Mil 876 695 278 357 60 181 133 48 6,643 1,789 '■«s 190 256 3 «*8 It 119 49 !- 207 208 162 718 664 578 578 8 1,493 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,024 830 426 196 208 gas 7,909 3,585 3,584 588 350 3 1,707 IS* ,| | 3 $332 H 1,122 1,033 962 67 4 S 1,316 £ 3 739 565 93 224 143 89 16 174 174 8,568 4,335 2,383 380 321 123 584 18$ 1,452 311 602 170 369 1,623 277 205 244 897 2,517 2,383 2,277 91 15 3 3,953 1,868 1,479 389 172 94 123 44 **« 8 3 B;g 1,261 460 473 682 2,904 692 3,015 1,136 3,866 1,205 1,250 506 905 a 1 ! 18 33S*8 ! a 3 2 1 II 1 H3S' 1* 1 1 1 8 sT 3,840 1,756 3U 51 69 772 93 430 oT 10 1 1 r 1 9 § § 1 1 1 1 88RS8I 1 1 1 1 £ 5 1,939 1,789 153 85 12 827 73 573 59 33RSP) s 101 96 91 403 1,461 1,394 1,253 133 8 £ 1,847 347 153 90 104 ■as* "8 181 133 48 a SSSSSlS a !*g 4,054 1,243 *■» 934 1,295 207 208 162 718 1,734 1,648 1,641 7 8 2,128 § g QyyO O' rH iH 1,212 1,018 433 377 208 194 151 43 8 8,591 8,579 604 350 J 721 2,963 508 33111 R *g58S 3 2 9 £ £22°' 3332^ 13 20 13 7 8 ISrt 210 S 34 58 3 22 17 15 1/48 gas's, 3 5 8 9 | 1,323 1,206 83 22 19 1/74 358 72 471 107 117 30 49 21 17 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 151 5 1 a 3" i as# 1 1 1 177 164 43 121 1 n 1 1 191 \ 1 8881*8 UNI _r i 1 $3|S 1 1 1 si"”3' *3" 1 a n m 1 1 883>33 $N ' 1 ! i m 1 1 1 *3** 1*1 1 1 ih 3 SI 1 15 1 1 8 SpS** 838' 1 1 5 3*** 1 1 1 asasi-i 1 1 ih 1 ° II 18 1 1 3,296 3,163 2,732 9 47 354 2,322 30 174 i 1 s pass ^ I'M 1 1 1 i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P P Pcd IIS 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 8838 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 113 U3 n3 6 107 1 i 3,152 2,657 979 643 336 1,678 400 616 662 1 1 1 $313" 1 1 04 M 8 145 145 1 1 188I>3‘$$$3 rf 1 1 7,262 6,731 5,491 1,822 3,669 1,240 312 489 439 ! 1 1 SB1!*1 1 13 11 i PI 1 1 P 1 1 g 888"# ^ H* H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 33S IMS 1 l'ost 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ® “3° IIS 1 1 1 1 1 1 § §§s3 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 PP2” 1 1 1 1 IS00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P ||5I IS 1 1 1 1 *8 6,598 4,589 4,387 675 3,712 §§" *8 40 2,009 1,650 293 14 500 221 252 275 95 1 p 3,573 1,681 1,548 354 240 505 449 40 1 1 1 8883 C" ^ ^ r-Tr> PP 1 1 204 94 no 3,133 2,567 419 422 40 157 650 1a 251 336 131 1 8*3$** p 4,434 2,782 298 499 961 20 33 8 3338 r- ‘A'JH n 1,000 309 352 339 198 108 90 $8885*8 129 264 264 75 3 603 45 129 104 106 4,021 3,128 1,996 668 225 394 709 946 no 176 265 289 354 23,439 17,588 14,626 3,964 10,662 2,685 745 966 974 £23 5,851 4,581 692 961 90 150 1,049 3 212 178 365 145 3 s mm ms cT owTS <* 1 1 !- !!«l 338$ S' 1 1 i 1,054 750 122 181 300 1* 8 3 1 1 i* 1 1 4,091 3,n6 1,561 777 120 203 4a 1,555 155 as 303 1 1 !- SSis 1 1 1 $33S'a 13 S3 IS 1 5 1 1 IS 1 1 2,440 1,975 1,2U 310 82 76 773 734 45 s 33 10,293 7,729 5,845 1,335 4,510 1,782 500 620 662 102 62 40 2,564 1,878 312 189 515 33s- 2 520 43 89 55 192 62 p 6,725 4.832 2,906 1,191 234 8 1.833 235 379 471 1 1 15,933 12,151 10,628 2,976 7,652 1,319 391 489 439 204 94 110 3,782 3,108 432 800 92 157 650 161 331 346 139 1 3*3SS* p 7,719 6,065 4,274 1,062 289 499 2,424 296 477 PS 466 307 219 102 117 >*• o* cv P83 1 ! IS 5SS3 S 34 3 2 5 18 3 - 396 297 192 50 7 17 118 99 10 20 21 oo »rv 1,129 s 368 287 377 337 35 1/122 15 33 52 11 17 37 15 i - 2 88***$ 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 •13 1 ££11111 £ i 3 IS 2,007 1,287 ,g 112 166 150 87 ■81 1 Mill £ 1 1 1 1 | | 3 g»*33p 98 120 131 166 .1 1 133 n 102 1 1 1 3 aT * i i i la rf rf Q 1 1 1 1 gsa s gg i 1 las 1 1 1 g d § SUMS s s s 1 1 l 1 i I 1 1 i i i i i ii 1 1 1 1 1 a £ st ii ii ii Mil 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 6 § § 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i ii i i i 1 1 1 1 1 8,738 7,696 1,343 5,086 344 446 1,023 548 306 8§§3 390 138 118 1 lll.llll 1 1 1 1 1 10,933 8,306 v 3,405 4,601 400 402 565 480 382 489 552 487 480 1 1 1 1 HH 1 1 1 1 1 lH 1 1 1 447 212 212 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ""I 1 II 1 r 1 1 1 §|| 1 1 1 1 1 1 INI 1 IS 5 88*6383 riri 51 232 383 300 83 4,665 2,091 2,091 1 II 1 i 1 8 8 1,652 1,502 112 203 151 527 176 *8 gg 1 S i i 111111 c- <*\ 1 1 1 1 172 80 143 s 893 847 56 168 63 242 93 58 167 3 IS 9,595 7,232 2,437 3,855 351 293 498 351 288 SSI a 2,867 2,784 198 398 242 1,012 324 79 531 S IS I I I W *3*5 225 167 187 i S8®'&53 PS 1 9,761 7,023 2,372 4,651 393 346 1,023 592 328 205 662 398 531 S3£ i $3*i*3* !S as i | | | fHxs 119 201 95 98 399 162 187 s 1,893 1,510 91 207 130 630 168 51 233 383 300 83 13,909 10,068 3,715 5,086 344 446 1,023 548 306 292 640 457 713 &3S 3 1,654 1,504 112 203 151 527 176 a* 150 150 19,226 13,135 8,234 4,601 400 402 565 480 382 489 552 487 480 15 12 21 vO 99 79 9 6 5 31 11 00 O' § g s gssssa 16 10 17 rH S3 17 u 3 ,617 ,049 734 272 19 29 45 22 a aaas aasa HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 153 1 1 g3 1 1 1 1 1 i m i IS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 314 190 124 Prt IS* O' 4 till 1 1 $S 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS 1 1 IS 1 1 1 156 56 290 200 90 11)11 4 1 1 1 1 f 1 gs 1 1 1 1 1 “'3 | 8 | 1 1 1 IS IS 1 1 S3 1 H H R IS 1 1 § 1 1 1 1 1 1 3$ 1 1 1 1 1 “'H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l!UI 1 1 1 1 1 1 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O' 1 1 1 1 1 1 HH | | |H | 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 R 1 1 1 1 rH 1,367 1,042 821 60 707 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IS 221 148 73 II 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 a 2,627 2,624 68 26 2,282 1 13 IR 1 IS 1 1 1 133 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4,326 208 2,306 1,812 1 1 i i 243 235 243 235 1 2 5 2 237 231 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a . H f ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 c 1 1 i 2,574 2,514 266 227 296 414 65 342 38 494 75 8 132 157 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S IS 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 § TJ w <3 1 i 3PR3 'as 4 ms 142 109 44 298 32 352 96 1 1 1 I3R S 1 1 1 1 33 1 1 1 3 o O' 2,363 2,173 198 183 271 708 72 107 49 111 10 £3 |S|4 10 132 22 105 32 35 22 16 to 0 $ NO s 9,337 8,918 589 595 68 710 4,162 168 335 180 445 62 C"0 oc-H 44484 10 332 200 71 224 151 73 195 54 48 35 2,037 4,322 208 2,305 1,809 5 c P 1 2,738 1,749 33 521 1 1 l§ 1 IMIS 333 10 8 18 1 1 I till c 0 t. £ 1 IS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S3 I'* O'O' | Mill H 44 1 1 t 1 C*- 1,267 3,841 3,560 268 227 358 1,339 65 342 38 494 75 132 157 1 1 1.5; S4P 8 IS 1 1 is 1 1 1 1 1 3 rN 8 6,091 5,947 331 401 68 358 3,194 114 146 62 142 109 no 298 32 352 211 19 * IT* o O' vO CN cv lAO' 16 1 18 6 14 18 12 23 3 vO vO CQxO H 42 15 4 15 s 604 36 237 281 » CAPITAL 154 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 S SSgRS SSti&SR i Mite i lasss* $ iteM ****** I spssp *SS'5s § Uiii §** ** I mss s1 ’sis a R SggIS ggSS'E S 3§"gVg g£$i R d H' ' 3 §§s£a sSSSpS 4 S3>'sjC sWi'is -J vf tV H g £§'§' S»iiiS g is r 3 3§g*S SSSSgS | #*$» S^»V*s 8 £§§§$ gli“i§ § S9»‘#»- Rw"w 5 ssgSS S£i**g | iff" J is SSS8* nun p ss^ik I 8§8g§ gRiRSS s' &W s*3»sp S i s&g§s &ggss | iteii &****. g aSI'Rig 58**8 g IS'SsR § s gsa " * a a rs « a ail* |*S 8RI 1 1 8 1 1 1 ’SI I* « i$v“ - a 'f 8 SgR'R' i s' 1 'S 3 85 *8*8 R v? <■?..«■? a a as “ ^ ^ > g§83'is sisas a ss' 15s i dd a -si 5 a- a r m'*n ama a gisasi § i ass pis cm^pk § sip^av' a i 1888558 agggg i mm s S ggy^W 3»»38 8 £*?■£** a i . . " "S S s' "SI S gs ^ d * § gsSISSg g §§p£p§ § a i<^a“s a * | S^a * 5^8- 888^5 § gg&igR S " H «H -Otf Cj ^Th rT H i H§ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 i C^rrTrH Op I SS I II I I Mills II II II I 55 5 3 aSsBH £&£& & 555158 -S $ ia^s's g iisii" a I HIGHER INSTITUTIONS I ? * HI ^ SM'** W III p £3 ass sTI* g s^as gs a sm 8»s 8 ? 5 ss§ IIS g m* 'H Ha H or p- cf 3\m s-K. gf sg° ™ -** ™ § I 8 SSS 885 8 s g g $** | 8" 3* i g § 585 " i 3 i $ *h"s s "'S' 55 "p* '§§ a * ss 01 as 1 1 1 1 i i mnni •§ k^» ^ cv r\ r*> »rv 3 § aas SSI ? 8*8Si s 4 $'J3 S»3 i §p"SSfS »S‘S a" a a »*aa“ 19,555 17,383 2,172 26,288 4,578 12,560 S 1 'l O' 43,934 43,934 13,434 18,000 12,500 P 38? 1 1 ! 8> *53383 1 mVcoTM” 27,060 9,058 117,379 117,379 II"1 1 ^ 5 327.117 309.117 2,831 8,240 40,817 58,153' 86,538 s§a» ss0* 286,788 155,781 131,007 283,710 92,250 103,272 23,790 5,761 11,674 1,480 45,483 653,202 626,332 10,864 32,590 71,461 92,104 137,525 118,017 92,185 35,199 36,387 3 '3 l1!1 i i i : m\' 1 1 l§ 1 1 5 . I 8 388 a§* 3 58SIS33 5SS 888183 §1 8883885 £§§ a i ^ sfsY «vsf g HsssVa s*"5 grfs* H" * g^v^V°r s~v' 3 8 5 555 633 3 88? 3888/8 35.66533.15 §3? -t Ol 9 ssag S!33' 1 8 1 8 1 'IS' 88^1 1 88,88 S3' #^s cy h H g SR 5 2 H w w> C^H "a asss S3 ,717 ,120 ,075 ,977 ,782 §*§»« a r a'sf a a |l«l sf «r hv -r ' § 4 8:1 83? •18£ 8SR93& ?S 'S **855 3SS33 s 1 1 i i m ii g i j 1 33 i i 1 1 i 5 i i ii i i 5 SS3E ? ii*$ mm R) R £r'Rf'*','a 583 '9 “'v'i a m 5 §35$ -1 £0H>* mm S3 S§ 1 1 3 s' g OS »ncv r-\ sX> t w% 1 5 $13883 <* -*<*> I I i I I l II o M I II §1 99.3 W.'U oT o?»£ <* >o 1 1 I I I M I Ig 3 I I I II R I I I I S I .1 I I I I I I I I III sO 0 (0 (A * a 3 ^5 3 3 'ft igggi um 1 1 18ft 1 '| ggIRM 1 g 1 Igfc 1 1 igs 11' '5 H* °^«P5 rn O' o r- 2S» || 1 '1 h*3 oT of m a ■* *4 3 3 HP" " '" * (A IA ^sn'«g 5 3- CO cm %g 53 I8S22 £§825 831 RR§g§l8 «g§as 13351 35S;£2 3388*3 sWg KrtiJgS? 838 §>v28 33a a 3 H H 33a“3§* 33 H* '3 1 1 Igl a > igg 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 21 1 1 'S' 1 1 1 1 1 1 '£ '2 1 1 'll H ** S -- 8% $ H 00 O' aa » a mu OOCMrtiA RRSSS S'* M'rns am* SjJ8|3 *3 r- rj ^ 03 saga's •*‘3333 3 rf ii 3 •** rH'*i 50 c* wjrj* 3->’hVr 85 '3888 ||$£3 i \m 1 '8 IIBS'H 88 '§5 M3 1 S H fV -h# eo* u> >o* 81 11 i i i ** ** r? i gg* 8 8 8 1,111 sa g a a ' 6S« 5 3 5 fcg'is S 8 § is S c? § 563 S § 3 §583* a S3” g g- a ijs'gs O H H* I sis g I I I I I I I g ' 885 5 5 6 slaa? *v i S 5" 3w*s‘ 3 85* 5 § 3 58838 h cTcv | «? * as i i i i i §§ i i i i§ o 81 I I I I I gg I I I ! I - s' s' s' 88 88858 SS88S83 8*" 3»R"*« £e8"*»*5 tt 5«ffi *«»« sa sa-^s asanas?: 1 ills 1 1 » 1 835 '358 ir £* ' 3851355 gg- £ i g? i is* i & 15 ' 183SSS3 gsfsfrfrt" 5S5S88' 1 s asssssi a g6"p«"S** <£» I g8'3"£ 33" • §58 i 1 ° - "5U 1 i§ 's i 1 g * SJI'g I 4 a s § 3'*'8 8 * s' 5" 5 a«s i 3*362 8 «T •5'8' S a - g 6 8335553 ■*' i imm H" Sr *" " 1 1 : i sss 5 3 5" 5" 5883* 5 a^'s's s i i i i i i : i i i i "I 533 2" 3" I 5 653 3 3' 3 Hall - si- | g g iiisY ^ r?i ^ ? « 58333 * ££* g | s is' s' s' a i as i i i i i § §s8|g§8 * Ss'sW I 3353388 - gs'a'-'i-'- "in a £ vO SIISr « sssgi g I I 5 CM* CAPITAL 160 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 i mm i ggigig S"' S * 1 • 1 '!§ £ i i i i i , i i i it ii ; ? mm s gsaasd I SiSsSg i » m ***. a m i i*i $ 'd a a $** II ' a a £M m aa 851S si 8 3VV sV°r3 8?S *w‘ £0? I III I I I I I I I I I I I II i * I 8 S a «. sm S £35 1 § iii fiij i as 1 1 1 1 M i i §g* gma& ssss gs " i SSS P#3 «*§« s'* (\ (\ cn 6,000 17,836 320,858 1 60,659 60,659 , 650 60,009 260,199 251,656 8,874 48,070 74,680 92,610 27,422 1,410 171,274 4,648 3,420 90 2,270 1,060 1 ”11111 spin 11 7,500 45,008 1,733,953 1,115,482 1,115,482 161,812 525,130 428,540 i SSISsiS i§3S i 5 gS*SI§§3 CN r-T 75,319 348,173 43,840 10,901 32,256 20,719 29,905 28,557 38,859 67,170 25,385 50, 581 188 SSp s sisSi? s' iim s? oTtv c? 18,635 1,350,430 1,150,333 187,297 230,779 306,777 328,536 96,944 200,097 46,016 58,967 41,886 53,228 7,143,963 4,155,841 3,387,379 723,657 86,815 331,957 95,064 1,963,641 186,245 & 8*3SdS IlssiS is » §“£fefs ssms $p §" H 3 33 1 '8 sT s?k a S K83"§| g'l 'S' § S3 isS i| 1 «■» «f a a i ii - a 17,407 5,501 945 5,406 5,555 |M «, M. 8 S3&S3S 5$85g 88. o' o <> •>» o c~ tN?''* 8 %mm 38888 S SSSSS3S? - gV[$Stffcf ****** g P*-? 853 3 38E88 8 88 >8888 $8»J8 8 *89?8888 8 838883 88883 31 cjt> nT^no'-»» «o'«'!V\ tv tv o co vv r\ «r> -J

> rj re" cT tv tv p\ ,-T tv pT i-T tv r\ ,-T tn I I 5 Sg-'SK a S2S8* s srv3 miri S8S I gSSss sii g aggVf m * «ii*. ”83 § roSESS! I ! I I I I I I I I I I I § g$3S£ ! i§2 I §P 3 i mini ii i 1 1 g SHl i i$g a" ass a* 8 g§S§i>£l 38833 8 HSSSSSS = iiiiii3' s' iWfs'is g IIIIII I I I I I II I IIIIII I I I I I II 8 3*58351 38881 Is a «g&£s£ ssasjRsj a";3 vo iotpdPWi 4n-OdK ^ |KK£VpR r»sw TABLE 19. -EXPENDITURES, 1 939-40— Continued 162 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 171,178 $159,734 49,403 53,888 38,542 1,057,705 188,157 5,031 47,020 11,843 58,863 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS iQ § Ssgg §85 * af#V«* ^H“ I all* a ddsa 5 III1 111 R RRR § £g2* §*g s sW «v'5' 3 s3S3 sg§ s ?»>' a'a's | till II I » P&E*3 RPR i iffl »2 8 83 s§ *»? I M ' 111 g g£g g ggg 1 in 'i 't't't & «r« '3 prss 3 S3 i ff «£ 3«'p *. V&lI m g gR£3 $RR s 3S33 a s g s mm a * ■?AM“ i i ? *W^ l S SI'S <*% vOnO NO s WA 3 asss 3 m$ 3 s&v* 1 333 1 o?oToT * RP3S I 12 '2 1 111 » ?«* a sms 1 III! * mv ' a K R*g5 4. 338211 'l§|g|"p srl0' 5333 1 1 '8$ 338 "82 H“ sr ^ 8 9 a * is'isS i i a s' §§' s« * 0? CV ri 1 & IRR 1 1 III O fH 404,003 382,850 5,000 1,857 1,991 1 3 3 S 8' 1 '|i 1 g d R - -*“ 1,327 1,327 II "113 Si -v ' i § 3 8 13838-8 8 § 8 8 *teV * 7,887 as 7,239 30 SB "835 ii *'**“ 47,931 34,498,769 ! 12,390,657 .,491,662 2,749,108 356,499 400,486 690,038 383,204 530,864 388,017 a SSSSs* 111 ~ sjs-Ria «ft iiiiii* ad • a 2 1 ij 1 ' 15 ' ? s § a mm 3 - | 5 g 3 207,166 2,426 33,609 — 9,516 919 6,330 - 5,785 — 18,349 — 8,317 1,507 73,549 — 46, 711 — p 1 1 1 1 1 mm 58s SRS 6 B § § S s i 1 £ 3" 2 3 ii k ? R 3 » ■» 8 8 * ! I 888383 5 i sv^' 55 1 313333 .' 8 R g § 1 1 1 i § 1 A " i 3 § gtfftffi 1 3 8588S51 I R dddSRR 5 < s$|R§R §*$ SSisi^g sv'n‘h'hV g| *3rf I § !|l I | III §§11113 °r « 3§ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 || 1 1 11 1 S3 ? mm m *««« " 83R"RP **33 §8*333* 3d s 3S8383 sis Slssls* hv«; dsgVdss 163 TABLE 19 164 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 165 f}' sis" pOH V 26,161 19,400 6,358 403 15,422 5,118 677 300 I!1 '1 h" 7,419,012 6,462,231 5,326,140 2,434,552 2,891,588 1,136,091 613,059 522,232 956,781 955,170 1,292 337,379 'PS' -ll ' i 1 1 || ' if " " I" '1 rf 1 8813s ssa % 3* W £** 144,410 142,799 1,292 'S' a* 38'8' 3's-' ' 3' 3§>3' s3s"8 1 1 a 95 '35 833 1 Sfi" IS 1 ? 8 f? *o HOT C? dV >* ! 1 1 «< 93 14,865 2,927 19 8,162 1,990 ST* 623,982 60,074 5 '888 S3 "89 «j c^o? QH 1,574 3,067 15,095 4,571 8 89 '88 3 >3 S ft ft •- 365,041 364,. .00 2,795 2,818 65,669 70,063 16,007 8388a 8883' ^ 39 »3' 393833 **£§r Sfti* ?p*s ss ft s |}iW3$ *£•*'** &m vm k w*£ *mm s«« . .. SR^a* 53**5 H 5**3a=* S«a««a **«5* 3 || 5 rs'sS 8§s i ii $i £3*5 -f «H h‘ s mu s?i p «! I I I I I I I I S3 rt I id I I I I I I I I I I I I r * * 3§l| P.s§§ II 8888S8 ft|SJK S'0*" 83*3°' 8S aSSR" £R°,"!QS '888 83888 Ss S8333 8883*51 mil 3 88838 SSS >*vv (jc? £*«* «p or of h* »-f * sjf £s tfafri 8 883§p sio i 33 ”s a sssss §s§ I *s~si S'»3" I I ! I I | I I IS g I 88 I I I II I I I I I I II I " 8" R ““ I I I I I I I I 1 I § I §8111 I I I I I I I I I I I 8S53S 38B85 81 mm 99383 »g*£a Eigs^P gjs g stags gsKsstst a'saYa 55938 H 93333 s^sg *$'*£'* s&ips SoJ east* a gV^dR s'^sp I rI 8 888 I §>; sg *** i ii'88 1 1 1 i 88 *i 5 33933 SrS 8 Ir^I 88‘R vo N?r? rTn 's m& «* s sr*s 23S cT 3 898 '588 § * Sf * s iiaisas i »' s¥"3'Ssa s' ' SB'g'sS ' SS - 1 pll 5 1 SSSISBS f «•* I SIS1 1 " 3 voV ' 88." m ' 1 8 8898388 5 »“ 88S“®W ,p" cTr? ' SSggRSg 3 if as'l's * 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 !* 3 H Total 1/ 2 O J $ Equip¬ ment CO Oh •3 o Buildings and grounds NONED- UCATIONAL Expend¬ itures = c 1 fUJAUsl/tA I Enter¬ prises and Activities (gross) o Total (including unitemized expenditures) o> Organized activities related to tion - K z Ed O Physical plant oper¬ ation and main¬ tenance P $ Libraries X z o % o 5 Extension IA Q W Organized research separately 1 T? X) - Resident instruction Adminis¬ tration and control sigi ism: i i l tx i & I R I I I INI” I8£ II SEigSSt I I IK 1 o' n£> rH rH § I IS i t? H g I l§ t S' g §sp i hhVo §SS$? P?5Q^gS I I I I a S'* ig§ig ** O' x h r' v a sirs a IIRS 1 o' ecT O' SPSS's 3s1? $ rH <*> $ i I i i 3 s 1 ? | r? oT I I I I 1 'J 1 8 § l l l l s i: " 3§ w> r- O' ^ 00 00 00 S ?J !SR8 gst^s? |a IS I II I I I §3 I II IISII vO rH CM e-** •» CM HiiS >8 8£ o ?| 8 r\ c-> sj c- rH 3 -J O' O to Hs OJ O *4C0 vO O OO ! HH assess 8£3aS ’ss i i I i i mi i i 1 v> c*\ In CM rH ^CMCOC-N I I I I I ES8* ?>xH I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I Mg I I III O' o < sfa"; s^'a|a •isssd r\ f> C" O' “'V35 •Sail sVs's &S8RR rl P" H tO O' O"0 CV m 00 sMgsV hVo ££ 8S8? a 1 I 5 » I 1 glIi fe3 a “31 ® H O -P 3 o e fi \itS% illii 355 *'2c ru in s a a fif 3.3f ^s, a5!5! 32*3& O 0) D s o n l O v 09 «j pif| pf|8 ss gg°--§5 ass ' in: . g i.| uml i s TJ A 35 a OOH *8 a Igl llj O SB W ! 8 S is a 3 i 8 SS S IN <$ i 1 1 1 1 g 8 IMIS 8 PJ| 8 "" " S Publicly controlled . 617,977 4,599,696 639,463 974,381 344,849 1,200,583 1,703,488 10,080,437 1,461,198 56,118 1,275,354 329,049 1,604,403 Universities, colleges, and professional schools . 457,371 3,906,821 631,602 947,114 298,216 983,780 1,700, 5U 8,925,415 1,229,968 54,826 874,688 286,985 1,161,673 Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts . 197,780 1,703,796 631,602 799,155 116, 218 433,858 ( 170,221 4,052,630 715,056 21,155 423,495 190,646 614,141 State University of Iowa . 259,591 2,203,025 — 147,959 181,998 549,9221,530,290 4,872,785 514,912 33,671 451,193 96,339 547,532 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 167 436,980 5,750 U9 1,537 1 '2 !s 1 IgSI 2 11818 1 " Hs1 a ps 'll 1 19,394 a gi 1 1 'i ' '2's II II 1 II 118 1 23,040 13,633 375 727 4,443 1 1 1 a a1 'S'? nO ^ rH Mill 918 1,761 118 II 1 64,684 58,651 12,800 18 1 1 2 19,394 1 1 'El 8I||I < ' 'S' &M$I I I I I I It^l 3- I 38 I I I I I I I I I I IP I I H H s ^ 1 1 i is miii s i i 1 1 is i i i ill 3*38333 m ng sgRgs § 8.33P8R S53SvV 8 psISII SIHa SS32S §§S38 a§§ gga5§3? 383S8 g* g*****? ^WsTor »Vpo*H 22222 222 g“grfapjfg aVJfg I gll»M ' j$ M I M23I Mill ISI SgSlllg SllgS 8 IS I I Iglgl « ■ * " ,°2 t> 2 22 2 2 2 TABLE 19. -EXPENDITURES, 1939-40— Continued 168 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 169 31,435 28,799 6,170 1,138 9,110 4,367 4,662 3,352 2,636 1,000 ■3J 191,113 184,331 94,106 2,637 83,904 7,565 88,425 16,155 72,270 ! 55" 16,677 274,413 248,449 20,039 13*891 11,767 10,463 8,609 11,356 8,157 14,420 23,550 8,650 38,137 14,042 13,198 5,930 26,312 25,964 3,479 2,400 700 2,140 1,146 5,000 6,853 4,246 i m 2,599 263,338 185,483 41,113 23,663 158 60,141 54,363 5,046 4,226 2,066 2,667 1,462 1,200 BB 5,291 W'-tC-H H 9,031 5,778 875 280 65 633 2,000 1,340 565 228,703 154,712 92,729 6,610 4,578 43,497 38,044 mss 769 73,991 57,397 9,245 18,616 1 5Sf i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ling 1 gl 1 Igl 1 1 1 ? SS"S' | ££15 * 8 81 S oTcv oT 1 1 1 11111 i i i i i 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 466,436 466,436 454,380 454,380 12,056 12,056 1 INI 14,910 912,878 826,322 58,338 59,407 42,376 47,726 30,767 18,316 39,437 53,422 48,000 57,178 36,750 63,905 67,948 57,112 30,996 114,644 86,556 11,799 16,500 3,400 10,233 5,058 11,000 14,412 14,154 ,331,269 ,395,653 ,651,060 3# 969,479 577,939 883SI g*SS'£s' 18,905 935,616 690,942 60,755 174,071 s &8fg§5$ hiss asssi » gansg §§g g mjut lisl by University of 170 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4,0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 121,772 121,772 4,371 ' 100,000 12,523 208 4,670 26,224 6,394 6,394 1 1 1 1 1 19,830 7,559 7,369 190 12,271 547 11,724 700,842 369,409 330,146 125,000 103,027 102,119 88M ' '§ '8' 1 1 SS s .aa«g*i§ S"|I 33 * * * * 16,045, 10,179 6,394 - 6,394 — 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1. 9,651 10,179 120 7,439 - 7,369 120 70 9,531 2,740 — 547 9,531 2,193 621,487 204,355 299,022 70,387 265,444 64,702 125,qjO - 100, COO 3,027 40,444 61,675 PmII?,3' 9,552 1,800 2,425 5,327 110,928 17,607 17,607 1 1 1 1 1 93,321 88,949 2,330 46,904 38,615 1,100 4,372 632 3,740 390,442 19,263 \ 3,750 3,750 277,432 248,583 28,624 21,705 20.789 8,457 31.790 50,179 2,625 39,956 44,458 «'t 6 3 3 «' SS 3 | 22 63,920 26,126 16,312 7,068 14,414 353,649 293,628 HI, 965 81,075 70,588 60,021 900 .,255,009 472,460 372,854 45,144 7,275 320,435 i07,514 62,111 15,681 29,722 2,956,978 1,683,734 1,398,795 124,808 63,967 60,8a 160,131 41,697 30,393 48,584 39,457 i;S;S 37,646 299,892 492,124 281, H8 11,156 151,278 a, 821 39,109 90,348 8,a2,307 ] 3,377,356 2,954,552 142,338 48,629 2,763,585 ||I|IM "Ml " " as 3 111 SRi 1 1 rr^in \r>*~ " I I II I I ! Mill S SsSts IH§!3I §§s§ §’E2?g8 g jfcfcf g 583 s'rk " * ** s'sfcf H“ •* I I I I III I I I I I S3 I I I pp I I I I I a i ggi «g a 6 171 591046 0 - 44 - 12 172 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 gs»S«' g 3S'i § '3SS rfc IK p i 5 1 'SP! >a i irt i i i I xx £3$ §3$ co H ° nO *W rH O St CO* O' CO* o' CJN o' II I II I a 1 1 a§ 8 O' cn cr\ co H I I I 1 I ! I I I I I I I O £> X® in>© tOH W O ^ R IrfSjS m O! m h jJcfrSi rt IS I I £ 1 8d R °rp?4 •a" 3 13 1 Fj 1 rt H MH nO rH nO I R I8d3$gsi ' r*^ sr nO vO h ' P O' 2 *° ^ H 1 3 > 8 S : 8, ° jfl it "35 & j,® 2 5 g>5 frUti . - ". 3 & a ° ***** °sr-: - §®&i 01 j • »s . a*3a3 5 3 3? 3 s-g &S8-. II III IR I R O O' $ 1 1 » XX X t3t3 3 R RS IdS cn st iauCcoV C- ^H OJONHC- fjs 8 3 '3 IPS SIR • iH n£» st to 3 £3h8n CO »r\ eg p- O' cd rH mnoN^ £ 3PP3 Cn- 'JrlrlO' r r> st c^r R R^rt r> co oo r- rH ti asss ssra 22 1 2 S R 8§S ijIS 1 1 I £§§ 883 rj'R'O I I ' Co 8 o 8 ■ ir\ ON ITN ir\ C> tt HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 173 i§g 1 1 1 1 1 i r' ill i i i i i i i§s i i i i i i a” i i i i I § i 3 \ gg? i§ I S»g2«®3 £88*1 1 'S' 1 if** ** a'^y I §gg$'*i §89 > ■ ££hV «* * £ I §g§£"3 §p * I HSgffSf 988§I cToT 1 3J38**? 8 '333 S' i §§15? 3 '338 St9$88 £§S'§ a 8 ^ga sf"#** aH“J k 1 1 I I I §§3lg I last SSS'g g§a 1 ' oT'f' tv ^5555 >rtr>Or Oj r-Tc~ i i»i i 11 '§' 3 i‘38i 31383 S'8'S a i $ ** * »" 2 *" '88 '8 8815' I'lSa 3 §*gsg §?§§? 8§?gg 33s3£ HH“rt H3 8$ °,SSr~3 WPaS"' I I I I I I II I I | I I I- 1 R I I I a saapsi S.8SSS - IsagssP 3S3®S K* I og I I I 1 8 Mill si g 3§p3s g§ gs ss a sMgM? 1 i§Ha?§ 81883 If ^ * * * - III I I I I I I I KRI I I I I I 15 I I I I I I I III I I I I I I §§§ 13383 1 3g£ &*gs;3 s gg£ * JJ"* rToonoT uj I ££11111 I I 5 I I B a ¥*ssss um S iiglis? 33838 1 1 1 : 1 Ig 18 I Mill I I I IR SUM S i 5 5 %>!“' pg^g gggg» gs« £S§fg 38831 88838 58888 Vgi| ssWs . a|*s"3 a; ;*'*" sfifi TABLE 19 — EXPENDITURES, 1 939-40— Continued 174 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 58§i§ £15358 §'§s 2 i * » fiS rtVg ” ^ | i §'"§ 51535' §'§' 5 g2g|§l a * * rTr? 07 « a * s -s 3" '3 SIS" 8 1 '§8 8 3"a8 I s gj g - £ 5 '5 '3 83* '*8 1 >§* S 83 '885 §rss§ 4 * sd*" “d «* 5 “H* cJ>“? £88 *a 3*1533 1 'll 8 sg'sgg Sss'g |*v a* *"*'a »" s s'5 a»" i sssss g;jgga§ siss i XissEg *sssi !» i$*&$ *aVa g |pW gW»g o cjuj r\ O' c>i (\i 11111 3 1 1 * 1 1 i 1 1 * 8 88 ! 83 1 1 1 1 1 § s' a" -'I IIs! / «s$a s3sas2 si§a » sgssss lassa S"""'3' ^rfR-jf -Mtff 3- gsViflg jigas _r ? r 5»a§8 SSl'SS £ H" d**7 " INI! II I I I I 1 'll 1111 5 'Sg I | gg 35 §'8n mm i 1 1 1 § gEggftg * H“ B iM8' gglgs 3*5858 s§§£ 5 853*58 ***** g£-W d-dd 5 IsaSlS pf O'V" hVh* SgsSg 158833 8881 I S5BS3S |dd"S ^dd i gS*§83 * r r 35385 ‘xksss g'dd^d 8 I I l» 3 H- 83*39 arfitff g**S8 gd£g$ 1 51*131 1 S'l's1 oT I II'111 s 538! 1 1 I 8§£l 11 dsd 3 838513 » assdgs 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S SlgJS' ^ S C*\ CM ^ SdS ,§gl§dlf I lo«l l§! IK ISST #3 Sv“ »” 8 H ft £8 § "I I l|8 I 4gl I I l§3 I 8 18 | s ® 3 5 S' §S'S " H *" """ »S » 8 ^ c? ii 33§33'S S2 i§S S3333 *ss3 s'U s «* "S'* if ” 5 H H 8 o §* 33**3** 1 'ass astas ssa« a'sT -- §gV?*p;f ^ asffcfcff a-s s a £ 8^'s'§ § sassig i«a - - * - - -- ~ * 1 1 l'8S§§ I §§"§* £ df" " ** & g i * '2 i I I " i 'I ms 3 3 " 3"3'3 3 5' I "E 'S«8 P £ 3 $ 3 « * s*a ssassss a**** esaaa ssas ass's §'* 3 sisisa $g3§ S«* SS*'«W SW3 3S3®3 R"a3s' s‘s‘s‘ 8 f S SlSsSS 2 Ss®"®®3 **»»" 111 33 IS I I I I g I g I I A I IS § lg| III 3 $$ S S - 3 - ° ' 2> ■8i ill « till ags hi | 38? aass*** i mi sa*ss |i|i as* § § i§ i§§ i 1 1 1 1 1 1 if 1 1 » a* t fm m *33*33 I 833388 *333 SVo«V;j -o* ^VoTcTh'^ rtrtVrf III 8$ I I I I I I I 1 8 I I II I I I I I I in 3 g g min £ f 8 1 1 1 i TABLE 19. -EXPENDITURES, 1 939-40— Continued 176 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 |i M | Wl 4 iffl i! 8573,696 573,518 2,997 51,571 186 23,348 356,349 2,693 2,185 2,878 56,006 1,514 14,978 54,500 4,313 178 178 631,595 526,303 289.301 269.301 183,017 6,385 176,632 53,985 5,392 aj1 «|i' |||' 1 in* i i s's ' g SI'S" 3 Ss\® 18,488 2,756 15,732 10,908 1,000 isi'i" ig'sg s »§ »a a 111 £ a a "" s a a * 478,693 408,846 201, 240 201,240 858 §* r! ** fUUS&SS SRRsR *3$S$ '"I 55 p s a* a 119,232 69,084 23,681 7,431 11,173 5,077 sRI ss B-, 412,621 ) 1,396,704 171 453,427 39,780 89,862 38,672 107,740 68,368 53,724 39,598 70,451 78,439 105,689 250,783 15,917 2,060,620 1,703,776 1,176,681 48,000 494,365 269,185 365,131 132,511 36,695 95,816 394,584 42,847 *SS358S siiSS SSaSS I g'SM'Iss gs»gs Saggs a sis S« go I I © II Iglll I 18 I I | III F * pill! 111 III 5 IP saas* ?8«Ra § rfgVrfe? 3 h ^ i i i i i i ii i i Him i in "«h. h. s 3 8S88I? * S IsSs'x'S ,» c? I 5 1 I I ill s § mm s p^saa p3£ pR as p S3 gas sR *?* p III 31 "hV a So I I 1 1 I g SR'S'R I'll1 m no «T oT oT oT III I I I I I I III IMS - !- 11- ?- i $ jgign «J H' £ £i £ SSsiSSS issHs ?S83S I SIS IS SIHss gpsappp &f3®d" gaasV <* £a£ a § fgs^Pg rH rH H H § 3 gggSSS " £ ««** I I SI 83*83*8 8BSS3 £8185 3 £8 jg'-'-'sss s'i^a's Stas's “ "4 if I! m m P8S ill 111 l!i i HIGHER INSTITUTIONS |H r? *8'a «OrT -T !!'! 38SS sVis* «« Is!! isss Il'l 1 1 1 1 INI «« »3*3 5533 O «rv r-T '£*§§ S3 8838 >*8 3M§ SSSS'f 8 SlaSs SS3S33 83 1 --a hh jfcf* a - - 3- - -s? g §aag ^ *Vs $£ '£'§' is 1555 ■>§ 8'§ Sa'S" 18 5 §2§s 85*535 88 > * SiF"" - - - F - - g *•* -3- 3* »•«!§ gs 5335 >38 ft 1 1 888 1 ii ®8 3 3*58 £3321? §§>' - a - s*Va ® • r -r | jim gs R*a $f *58" ig 3583151 §s3 535135 5' I 58<5 §'"§§ 111 •** H" asF" * HV®“ a® « d S3 3“ gT 32 sms i 1 ssps's m mm « s isp. ag"|g. sjs RR^R S SgrtSM 2 £33 Rd « RSR8 33 SR S 5*583 93 *83*885 s§5 *15358 IS 8 £s§l S8S15S SS3 *=>'*»' *5 jSgW-g rfs« JV-S-3 SS 3 |SRJ £[gg&f g>'s g -o'^T rT rT i||'| 'I 888 1 1 1 1 ng i 1 1 1 m 1 1 5|583 83i>5i 111 ISrSS *9 gSSSS'I 355 5555 '5 S3 8 3*58 mm Hs -S3- -V rW * Fa sF i " tf ssss saaW g*? SI!-'S 11 fP5935 Is! W al j I||| IpHI |ll IS M I I 1 2S I I 12 I III I I I I I I I I $ S3 1 3 § R 1 R 1 S i 1 1 3 gjjf g F c'r"'“ ® i § 1 1 1 ii i 1 1 i 1 1 1 iii i 1 1 1 1 1 ii g §| 1 1 || i i i i mi 8 SS' i J-‘ « SleSS SS SsSSISs SsS g?§il2 S8 § S?IS S5S8IS I5S R-Riaa srf g8*sV-*“V «•-•$ s-svv sv- g- gg-gg- g-gg-g-gg « •S nrt" rT rT «t« tf. ««*.*» rn mm «l s «jk$ se§a§s m — ^ gsaR--^ a^a ^ g sgsg a*"0 177 TABLE 19 178 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 179 3us» m't i S ■*** * is* i liltl &'*» »a> *s i&ss g s' ?j £ H' r?i 3 ?jv' a»s» ss> 'a »ggs g sKssa » 5 ■'■=»' H' S'"5’ 3 S33S'§ 1 1 >s ms a as 'is s? h*££3 s' 3$ SPSS s^'SS glss 3 Sssgs g'a‘*f -V »‘S*® i sWs S§S* 83S3S SIRS S ££833 sssif ifs's* igYg g |ggg| ' "8 S" 'I "§' £ SI'l* ■* i i* « ISIS 13SS* ess s ssssa *?'*"'* H'5nVS ^rtSlV « ^S?E?d ■«* «ssss I>RS S a.SKS Mi! 1 1 1 1 1 i ii i s fgras i is r I I I I I II I I lg I I § 33g3 I ® s sW s§§s s^s§i ssse § igg§g s»a£ ^s^sk »§re: | ga«{fg BISS §s§§3 3 £*§IS 3“?sw' sgjja a ^sasa s a !• ? ' S § s 5 !!'! S ' £ 3SSS a "31 s? g£a*C s I I g Sr'r ^ sTh" H ! !'" 1 s* I 333S S KiRS# s giSs ? g££n 1 B'l I 5S3® S 55KI f"» vO sO CV » 1 § S3S* S' 'S' - $ sW " s ' a sssi s" * S i**s * « i i i 1 1 1 1 1 ' i g G3£3 8 |gVg £3333 I U«««’ r » a gagg I ' 1 "Ml 5 § S 8358 * * i Si*S gftft i i a aaa| gg 3 i 1 1 1 1 g £SS£ rtrtV3v' g ££3s£ i £S*S " i i S5 £ 3 '° £ 3 I I M I I £li£ 3 jfsTsif s vm 3 £833 I I I Sg IS I I I I I s si s I ® I IS Si ] CM iH rH rH s i g ssss *iss; f J i sW *»'«»: TABLE 19 180 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 K ■■ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 181 86,262 70,455 15.8CT7 4,000 11,807 787,026 27,273 14,243 10,900 10,90C 2,130 238 1,892 759,753 742,125 15,375 333 635,566 5,000 16,634 27,901 31,373 5,672 1,070 3,331 17,628 14,858 2,770 6,106 6,106 4,000 2,106 55,903 16,373 14,243 1 1 1 1 33 ig Ss'ss" " H‘ KS ■* 16,634 2,287 nmi 3,855 2,033 1,822 80,156 70,455 9,701 9,701 731,123 10,900 10,900 "§ s' IN" Rflglgg 8‘8 * 3* II ll| £ 27,260 810 13,773 12,825 948 ? * m h £ S j* p ^ gl^ s s' s' a'3'J | s s sss i 3 g SS* 8 s S S'SS II * I I I I I I gag I § V$V3 i » a ~v* s ? kvm i * rT 88*88*5 883*8 ig&s S S3' I 3883 >88 ISSSS I I°s3 3 1 Ksp S — gg-K Sfrt 3^3 *** rt SS3 5 WA i£.M..«H4 vm * ? ?« S PcJSS SgKfftg? Kgfjif *3*3§ 3 ° 5** s 1 s>a I # 8 I 8 SO CM I f If I I I i §58 1£ SS'ign mg? 11131 1 jfo' H" s?0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 § I 1 888888 8 1111 ggi 1 1 " *' "1 "in 1 8 i $***»*■ a g£ £ I 3 " ' g § 1 l"§" § §'!' ?S" 1 11 1 'gig 1 iSS' 1 £ 5? g* 5 " " 3 3 23 g £ RH* S 8 Sa* § § § 888838 8 °s's 3338838 '88888* §8883 8 3 | 23s' 8 *' S' S>'«"S'"8 S' « *' gga"s‘a'2'«" »'®'3SS *'p'2S"s' *' rH H W> r-T rH 8 I ass I s s 888888 3 Ha1 gl§£$s§ 83883 sisS* 8 | 3 S33 g 3 3 §3«SS?a S Sv'~ “a"*'0* fjgsg s'fjVss a 1 1:1 1 in s SSS a 8.388 2 38S ! 182 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 18 1; 31 gg' l§s§§5 ** *" ft ft* m $s§ i |gi ass^s? aV s *g 8 £ H§'$ as a" rf I I I I I I §1111 §|| I I I § KKS III! Ill I I I I I I 5V £5$ -§ Iss' of 4,550 f 1 1 1 1 608,227 1 593,696 1 2,848 4,550 928,375 915,154 1 1 1 1 m sa* 1 1 1 1 i 173,125 177,952 117,669 211,790 55,814,351 54,897,740 179,560 INI 2,198,986 2,188,091 SSI m A SRggsai 5 ?■ * tfsV s? 3 53 ftgft Hm S3g §s§ * gg3Bt3*g rises' £•** | sgsgi s*a assaai sags gn «"ia gssfauV *"*“$£ §§£ SSg'S ft? SS* g Sgi&SS1 ?5g 5 1 »S 1 1 R|M **' §88 i g H"" g S«8 Igj Kg I III 3 I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I 331 Isa J i g sssia »§? sis 5 ssssiss sss mm ssss iSs ag»s» 2Vs SYa g Hggs^ ggs S>'S»s"a S3?3 581 5 ^'hoTh h ^ RR ^§8^ m sh ? sihssi «$” mm mi ggRa’s' 3^8 s' «f£s* Es*aas'8 sasa HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 183 ?' I 'S' W* Sh r 5SS» I- His SSSS H'§1 1 1 'I ' 1 ISH ** S3* P 8 1 1£ Nig I MSS I 33p ss&s s&as «S5$S as* £»%#*>«■> ^®oV-w Igi <8 's' IS I I '§ . 3 8" O or oT « g ” i i i i i i i is i i i ! i : i [ i ! i iis TABLE 19 184 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 185 ' ' ' a S SsSS $55 538355 58 " i ini* in* ii R” a° I I I as»?§S ** M I II 35> 'I' a a 3 H vj5i| C « " i ii* i'glgg 35 1 gg?gs&g i * 3 -V $itti*i m pf ii* i£i*$s* cn cv r\ m $sSs£§ «§s SSSa gg?Wg“ &3 £#««* s' -- "' H I 1 I 1 I I III SS II III ss " M| IK I l| S'|§l ' 'a§3 I M| l$l II S I8§ I I l||| cn IIIIS ISMS llll| IIR I £ SSS'^ r'is §§§§§ IggSg -v - * "V""» an i >st*5 mu ma% a sjfajra srsYs' £s"3 'S' " I Ig *j * II I II IIS 18 I* I sis s asasss m mam ^ *i* ii****s i 88 ' * ™ i ii i § 5 IMS § IS j m i sa- s 5 s$Ss^ ssssS S3§3§ ss^'a *»'«'"£ -ss'x- ^rfa'a's Isslig g*s &ma'% s' "3 S3R8S £§§H Slgga sd'SrtgS RS'S |£3'?°r ” J hh*h«» hRW'c? i^i SIMM i g'aa's'g's * ss Slisig *®' ggg" ' ' 3 *r i ii* §H$2£ §§§ 2fsg aWjpf s|i |sf sSiggg SsS Egssssa S^'stfS s‘s"»' ®»*'sav g Ig II II II I II II I 'll II I S' UIIJ II II I II II I II II I aasgg 3j||rpj.3| am* £ixz£ s'a's'ps' s'gs'g's s'si SS*ftg SSSS3 3§§H III afs'"'s's S'av'SS ^'s'PSS'P “'s'stes' 591046 0 - 44 - 13 TABLE 19 188 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS K 44444' 4|! 8*8*3 isss" g'aisi? ? $"33“ * ^ " 85I3S' gig I3S jf*8«3 i » » l'*'« h'h £ £*<•%«<« III I ggsgsg mm tWi $&*** ggssig mm iiiiSi iiiiis ggi'^g gig 1 1 §pT °rs ' a a Sggggg 383333 asssai sssW 385333 &3g£3 gp?S'? » 8 >3 ' !a 335383 k § a saa'a^s § 'S'rs 111 U 1 3 i « I I Sigi Ig 1 '£' ' ■3 i * g'3§'§ S'g'g tf - i •* •*■ * g I I I I I I I § II W s? a" m$ 1 '3's 3 a 388383 Slaplg $3333 S $a«W *■***£ " §UI8g I I I I I ' '*'§ 1 ° 1 1 1 1§ 1 $ ling 1 ■g § a a a" ff - §"188 igg«g t> rH C>T I I I 1 I I II I I I Ha'S § ricT H* ggg$$8a 383 ®erS 3" d ass '3 18 h3S«|»p a is 1 1 1 1 1 1 ss 1 I I Irt III I I I I l I I I I l I I I I I I I I I II I I I III Sit. '315 IS3«S SgISS § 4444444 |M sp ««R*8 ^->•1^ - srog S'SiSS 83883 gigSS § 8838S83 ggg « " ■* s%w‘ « “ ggs-^a siii fill #l|i| I Aft id II ill Hi I ill! Ill 1 s sS? H“ g ISS H* M !- 1 ||I ' 1 1 II 4'4 4 4 444 a a « g sss v\ ” 3 388 s** § a m * i pH § g 188 * ! !5! 1 § in a §11 § 8 ggg * I SH s & gag " g" §§8 ' a ggs £ 1 a sss 5 «s 8 S g£* * § Ssa“ 189 190 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 ft M i Jii i m Mi ii iwi 5 $38 >58' 'Id" § "I §§ ra g's" •* hi g§ i o I- 3 a«sg " " i ' a xTrTcT sTh- pi 8«" eg I 1 88 I "I" 8 g* esse eeeees « >8«as i sx pj *• $slgS & ifi§3 1 83183 § § ££ *” H 3388 38S83 3 ii is's's SgigW sssgV K rH H H J 1 1 §§ I III III S' m II' §1' BSS Ss* sf££ 8 8 S 83 £ S « §" £ I ' §§ § £ fc* s a s P R p II I I I I §£ I 1 1 1 I I I I I a I III III s a a-s «3 4444 wsm m&* ? ^g g^as0^ HP"°»a a 3S §33£gsS 388S3 $ 858 ££§ sV $£ « * oT™ cT oT cf ^ ^ gS I I I I R I I I I I I I I I I I I RR I III d$ as i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i i in ii i |a 3 g 8 V e 5 * - i n g is i i * ** a « S 8| I i i f S 8 9 8' | a a * i H S3 8 R. a 5s1 § 83 a sv* P. PAS SS2SSSS I3I2S 8 |s ”-ss§ * S3 23SS gsggg§3 9*513 S sV rsrs dasVa'^a a §§§ Sa§ sag aas? 3 3 3 8' $ i § - Sis m 3 I i i 8 £ »s !- i i f Its II! I S S S3 3 f §*> HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 191 ■«« vm m oo rv r^\ cv NO Ol ^ '!'|l m ' SB3SSSSSS '§ 'a 'g'Si §'*'§ §|igg a' a a sf s gs as "-*'ekv' ' ii3§g§SSg'§" '§"S ling iu$g ■ g i sg cv (j£rTt-?ar o? r-T '3S8S IJ3|| '6 i i 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i g i i 5 SI3S3 S38$* sg§ sJk£«3 KPS siip. vm i«t ssias SSSSs 331 I IgJ I 1 1 1 I I II! SKKSR 55SS S.IS.P. *gtt SH I I 115 $ I I I I III I I I I I II I I I III §1191 SISSS SS*'9® iWS SI'gSiSSS'i'l '1 'SI S' I '3 IS'gi 8S *-'§S- ” s - *s s gs 9 ' iiiesisssises gasss suss mis ^'"gsgsossBa-0" rfs‘ 9a °ra"if'""s ssssk i iisisaSSISSSI S3 'B i ISSSs 81 '51 |S>"2s¥SSs«"^' ag 3‘ »'*'*'»'£ *" ig I ilaSSliSSIggS SSrSS S3s3S 33138 I * ^j^l TO" SSSa'S i r4 t—i 'pgSi S°W£V' ms 1 S39« '6 1 1 •8 fK' I co I I I I *g« Igl I 1 l§ 'S' ggl I I "3" I 1^1 I - S3; a' s' * -«■ S' i lisssisasisis sam assss assss <*s?%?<* 1 ggg 1 1 ig 1 1 i§s 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !i" * 1 11 .1 1 § 1 11 11 1 is 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 is 1 1 U 3 I sspiiap.lps SSPl PP.S 5|S5§ SsSsS a SIsSSSSS^srss ssag* sgsgg gassg agjas as Ss?g? 9aW 3IS?g sa'|sa ?-Ps- ! I 'S' I 3 S§?S§ g$g& RS§ § S358g2itt8g83£ 3333S f?s$££ £SK§8 «Wn'« S88f*3 SRR « §5RS$#g$5883£ S&SRS! “$8*8 SQSSsJ 1/ Includes undistributed Items. 2/ figures of 1933. fj Included with resident 192 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 193 Sgg« '2 S' 3 3 av'^ * * £ a 32 • 1 '8 I1 S £ r " i s“ s' «a'f •« a> » s S' R " * 8 8 I C*- t> 1 g cl i * 1 I s SI R §• 3 S 35 * J i * § 3 35 S - a *' s' U H - g'P a. 5 S 1 1 5 s 3 sT § I 3 >SSi s s' s' a asug a a* * * Hass i s»as' s sir ** is§p> 3 8SV“ * sat i a III * i'Sgi 3 sf S'0' «3S'§8 \ 2 R S S * g § s $ R S si # S 3 a S §£3''S'R‘S <*' i § SSIS3 S SSSII § I s ia*"“‘«'.3 s's'i'3'”' a‘ * 194 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 195 § 358S3 eg' 111 33IS'8S ssss s i £» * " ■* 1 I tt*'4 P ss$ 3 III III 8 £§$si eg' 111 i $S£ *" ! W '! mi in 8«§5S 3 £S"S" 1 'SI' r -aa - s$V s? s$" igg Hap I 8333 a'§3' 5 53« iRi 1 11 '£' H 2 8 sag 3 rfe? 3 a ^ 53 '3 '83 RIS;I 8 3888 Inga $3311311 11331 ~~ J a as i * ■*£ * ss * ill!!! 3P I ll'l S"» : ssssf «' SS3 p.sasH spa s $&a pass s as'spj psp «« gsas 33 ^ ”5 agsa psapp p gg °®s agaas 5 SS333 831 3§e 53S8X38 §S$S g 3£S5 1 isW i$* s HM oT h*h » <*>« oT TABLE 19 196 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 I SIS 18 i 3gi§» 5 m *** ** * A m « «*hV a « ' 38' '§' si" i I 13§ s" " ** $ 368 3 §11$ 's 1 'a 1 1 3 538 • * S Hi Ssssa 3 383 >v? « §as5?”'a I ih I 288883 rsssS i £££ a asaaaa ss“»a» «f s as 2 W £S gg S £"*" I IS I I 3 2SS -- 3" tf 3 - - i $£§ § $$m§ 83323 § a sCa""^* -sW^r | gsf§ a S’ O? H g 386 g ig» s s * 555 SSSSS 3S1SS 8gSsS 28 s SIS3I3 5S8S2 § SSS gsg£gf sssag “3RSe3 g ‘}s?^a“® | $gg o- rvn- p 2^ ^ *•*■** a s¥s O? J -, y •13 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 197 SHI &23&SS! S' a "sr ssss dEjaf a® m§ 3»SS S' 88RR S? " §*'§ W'S ai'SSs 1 1 " ^ SR 8 ££ “3“" * §§S5 ISIS ^Sgdg §§ *'*'s'«' gW aW *5' sg -JHN r>N SR 3?RS§gg §1 RggRggR g I I I I I 11115 § I Ig I Mill I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I 38i*i£i sV 55 I i I I I mm mis mn gggas si *mm SSSSS £3^8 S S3 SR5R8S;* Sl§§55 $§!§§ lisas gg'SR rr SISrIrS g«w55«C hhV £ "'f '•«’ RgaS^gS 1111!! 1 1 1 1 1 HU! HI!! || 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :'::::: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :' : ::::::: •$ I 198 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 199 •38 •as -3' •38 a- •38 •S3 §8 i i i §§5 3“*o? 15 1 I i I I I 235 *83 s® I"!1 |I,3I a* 'si 3J8RB HP Sste'afcf I I !| I P|! sags* 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 §~ls2 mu ? S232 nm aaa*' & g'gga sfa^s rrs" * SS33 ?S3I| «83 ' 5 255^ RS”0'® 523 g g?SS 81*13.8 3 2833 3 -8S 328 1 ' 1 ' i g gsfBRjfiJa 5? H '*‘3 5SQ « * 'frtV 3 ssiSssi § nm 85' i i ig S' 'S' 5M M "§ | || §W « f|W I® s' i * «* i H31P1 S K8J 'R WR 1 1 1 pf 8KPR» p ** s£ P Ra8'°P 5 3538653 § S' 858 8535353 88528 33SS3 523 i saWif i i 0*$ ia^ i*Ti *** ■S tv oT Hrt - I gssssss * gssgi a§i<™§ i$sss gassa §32 | iiiiiii £ Hiii ssvss%" is*'8'*' |3s$* $■ xs'gSSS 1 §§ ' ' > ss' '§11 . . . III a ii i&i aa s'» ~ a * d ** k 588J38S 5 53S58 S£»£g*3 85888 38553 SSI §• a sasaRa gg^s^a sa^aa assifa **sa I SpSiSH I 25883 S2385I2 $9823 28888 1 «2 | 8§2asjaa a 22 ^ r? s434£ s' 1 ilSisif i |i 'll IS 1 1 1 i 1 3 1 . . in i sir * £ -‘ "‘ ** * g m to I I g I o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I ! I III s' si s' s' £ SSSsISR I SSS3S sSSiiSSS SS$S3 535S3 SRS 3 pp £ S'SSSS 3S-'S*'as‘ fas'si §s|ss ”$g vn cn cj* f-T o? r-T I 5388338 3 IsSss 2r£§ss>2 65S3S 83233 '832 d %&&£££$ d ifssRa* ss^s kr^sr 2 of 2 o? I I -* \ CO I a 1 « a 1 1 3 3 17,151 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS U'm Is 1 'I e>v\o? c?h f>T a a 3iss a >a * § i£M sKa* ** S' gs o? oT sanss as«'g i g sss' gig ag 13311 ss S" - - 5 tisri *?$ *- -* §1 Mg? gl I IK * «- - 4 333 '*8 8§'?p -s* «r\rN «/> O' m ssisia jisss §S}RRP?S? "^RS* 3° a a sin ssss ' " g$ Mg 1 1 §a ^ i ti** ** s a g°s« gsgi "i mm' ^ 3 £ *|f*P ® “ ac a s siia sssi s«s %mm is ® S 8338' #3® £&$*** e's' § p'lls R I SS I II I I § *M I§I s a ” i gist's' i O* rT *T S §181 I I § rt 3 " § 333333 g « Sosas' s a sasaaa sgaaa § a ggaa $«§* ggg $sggg& *s § 93533 sssas § § §£g§ §g$g ass sVeissrp rsr « soda's o 55rf„- » i ip i f ni«g a r IISIS3 38113 |3VV*S3 ■‘^ss® 2 3531 II" 88 1 ss" Mg II s ss " ™ s s am s&aa aja h i M 1 1 1 i nm* Hiss «« rT rT C? I I I 1 I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I pms iissa §32883 2SRS3 sills* S83^ JR3v^3 "3 32 5? g gjffgjf 5fsu?$ H* H* g^RaX*" «" a i ISIS SS83 £8§ ii^rsss §3 * $ i§SK 333*3 ^{T^xTrTrT^ ooT i § saga s§8g in 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M i " H' i | |sgg 1 1 1 1 mi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M I -||8g I I III! sssl H3 ig£*§ls SI * s' lass' a's'a'a ^ss ggis-rt* p-« cn oT oT r-T g 3 assa Hi§ sas aageiES sw » 8 3238* 3*»*" ^ gaW-S *s I gg*ig§ I ^ a H* a* ” • 33 3§3 2 I <> o i 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 1 i I PHI I I g«l3s§ I o R«^oT»rT -C 201 TABLE 19 202 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 S sSis'S §'8'g§ I i » ” ^ s mt" 1 1 1 I Sgigig s'i'sl 8 gg'g 8 sV s * 3 " ^ ^ H 1 i i i i i i i s I I ® I'R 1 1 1 1 1 £ g I' •* «f sW *•* s s' * aiaaas ssssss 8 f SWS s|M»'a s' 8 gESS i i i i i •* a“a“s" s 8 a 1 1 1 1 | £ S " ! 1 1 1 Wtt* % 8 S * a*"* s mam ss § « a “ * « fT 3 S I I I ! I El S m a OOJ 3*3S8« 339888 s'i's'sW g>'§'s>» C^oT H 8 S*i§f£3$ P $§3Vr§3 K5 S 8 \ 8 8 VA&£ a s i a rri”^ a 3 i 5 883383 $ £ I £ §£££££ Of O E> CV 8 83* 1 18 111111 1 8883* 1111 8 8 8 8 n i h,i MU | ss 1 888333 § ££**$£ 8 338383 3 ssV^'fa a 388 'is I ££ *£ § 931113 a' 33 S 8 38I§SS S' 5WS' s' •fJ 8 SI5SSS I s's'smsV g§8|g| SI&8S& O' >T\ r4 8 SggeSsi *§ 4 JsW -s' 5 3338333 cT Jcf »VhJ « 8 S£! 1 '*3 !S g i ig i : i i i i i i i i ii mm 388588 s. sjpjp.2 a £ £SS£S£8 £R i «aaa a » gg^ss "a ! 1 1 1 ill!! 8 5 8 S 388388 "' s' S' 3 gVsW 1 8 * * 1 1 ii i i i; i; £ i 5 5 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 £ i i § I § 3 S8S839 * i | | USs 833383 a 1 i £ fs's's's's HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 203 3,987 1,723 3,019 2,307 5,920 76,492 75,135 10,698 40,682 465 5,916 9,187 3,956 2,500 1,731 1,357 89,584 I'l I1 1 '! I MV'V S|I|S iRigi 1,257 8 CO I'l g g 1,723 3,019 2,307 2,431 58,253 58,153 10,302 38,098 357 545 5,896 2,955 § 81,061 gig | | 1 1 1 18 380, 443 380,243 18,073 19,615 24,861 241,945 1,117 10,660 1,500 19,344 8,886 1,720 17,466 14,662 394 8 I * i '5 g £ * _T 1:!S 8,208 618 37,822 946,386 48,857 5,529 211,325 147,240 3,158 75,605 . 18,688 68,037 11,689 40,446 26,408 76,860 48,064 i t gig £ £ 170,946 177,128 ZL8,271 191,180 225,057 365,630 2,538,322 2,480,977 258,148 ■as 316,403 948,312 32,350 183,895 50,906 155,354 29,036 8:8? 149,769 62,735 46,921 57,345 * g m Hi Mill i 1 1 ii s ini! i 1 1 1 1 1 < 1 1 1 ii s' 32,987 27,269 67,551 9,696 104,456 aH — IQ, 578 9,981 11,813 - 12,612 — 10,918 1 mv coSS” ^ ^ « rH ^ n I 1 II 1 1 II 1 I 1 1 1 Mill — 1,319 554 25,951 m 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 If I II if 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 $ 1 1 1 H*ri H R 237,014 1,502,214 1,467,284 150,883 87,391 7,446 182,379 571,403 20,179 102,139 31,500 98,370 15,892 34,278 24,400 78,507 27,855 34,662 § 3 SSSSa . a 5 818 c? C? gssss aaia'a 39,151 474,309 462,909 57,356 29,024 2,117 75,663 147,666 6,398 39,453 8,389 30,435 3,139 9,702 2,425 38,155 5,818 7,169 i . a 99,531 683,726 14,721 669,005 591046 0 - 44 - 14 204 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Part II. - Schools of Nursing, 1939-40* With the increasing demand for nurses to serve with the armed forces and with the consequent reduction in nursing service available to the civilian population, interest in the statistics of schools of nursing has steadily mounted. Questions concerning the possibilities for increasing the supply of trained nurses must be analyzed at least partially in tenns of the existing training facilities. Data fop the school year 1939-40 are available for 1,304 schools of nurs¬ ing in continental United States 1 /, or for 94 percent of all such institu¬ tions, both accredited and nonaccredited, known to the United States Office of Education. 2 / The peak number of schools of nursing reporting was reached in 1930-31, when 1,844 schools returned data. Since that time problems connected with finances, accrediting, etc., have reduced the number of schools reporting by nearly 30 percent. The total enrollment has decreased only 3 percent, how¬ ever, so that the average number of students and graduates per school has in¬ creased by 37 and 25 percent, respectively (table 20). Table 20 - Students and graduates of schools of nursing, 1899-1900 to 1939-40 Tear Schools Student nurses Graduates Number of students per school Number of graduates per school 1899-1900 . 432 11,164 3,456 25.8 8.0 1909-10 . l,'l29 32,636 8,140 28.9 7.2 1914 15 . 1,509 46,141 11,118 24.0 7.4 1919-20 . 1,755 54,953 14,980 31-3 8.5 1926-27 . 1,797 77,768 18,623 43.3 10.4 1930^31 . 1,844 100,419 25,971 54.5 14.1 1935-36 . 1,381 79, 149 19,256 57.3 13.9 1939-40 . 1,304 97,345 23,076 74.7 17.7 Nurse-training institutions are classified into three types: those asso¬ ciated with general hospitals, those associated with college or university hospitals, and those associated with hospitals for the mentally diseased. Of the schools of nursing for which 1939-40 data are available, 1,118 are con¬ nected with general hospitals, 131 with hospitals affiliated with colleges and universities, and 55 with hospitals for the mentally diseased. The various types of schools vary widely in size. Those operating in conjunction with college-and university-affiliated hospitals are the largest, averaging approxi¬ mately 115 student nurses in 1939-40. In comparison those connected with general hospitals had an average of 72 student nurses and those connected with hospitals for the mentally diseased an average of 46 student nurses. Length of Course The standard length of the training course for nurses is 3 years. This length was reported by well over 90 percent of all schools affiliated with general hospitals and with hospitals for the mentally diseased in 1939-40 and by almost 70 percent of those affiliated with college and university hospitals (table 21 ). There was some tendency during the 4-year period 1935-36 to 1939- 40 for schools connected with general hospitals to reduce courses requiring 4 or more years to 3 years while courses requiring less than 3 years increased 1/ No school of nursing was reported from Nevada. 2 / The Office of Education list included 1,391 schools of nursing in 1939-40. 3 / Data on file. United States Office of Education. -"-Editing and tabulating of Part II by Margaret 0. Boykin, Assistant Statistical Clerk. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 205 in importance. Courses of less than 3 years are found especially in the schools -.of nursing of hospitals for the mentally diseased. In contrast 30 per¬ cent of the courses offered by schools affiliated with college and university hospitals require 4 years or more. Table 21 - Length of courses offered in schools of nursing, 193CU31, 1935-36, and 1939-40 Length of course Item Total 1/ 4 years or more 3 to 3.9 years 2 to 2.9 years 1 to 1,9. years Less than 1 year 1930-31 General hospitals: Number . 1,778 2 1,595 146 11 24 Percent . 100.0 0.1 89.7 8.2 0.6 1.4 Hospitals for the mentally diseased: Number . ■ 66 52 11 2 1 Percent . 100.0 — 78.8 16.7 3.0 1.5 1935-36 * General hospitals: Number . : . . . . . 1,321 36 1,280 4 1 Percent . 100.0 2.7 96.9 0.3 0.1 — Hospitals for the mentally diseased: Number . . 60 57 3 Percent . . 100.0 — 95.0 *% 5.0 — 1939-40 General hospitals : Number . . 1,143 5 1,097 19 22 Percent . 100.0 0.4 96.0 1.7 1.9 — Hospitals for the mentally diseased: Number . 55 51 1 3 Percent . 100.0 — 92.7 — 1.8 5.5 Hospitals affiliated with colleges and universities 2 / Number . . 168 51 115 1 1 Percent . 100.0 30.4 68.4 0.6 0.6 — 1/ Some schools offer more than 1 course. In 1930-31 and 1935-36 the longest course only was tabulated. In 1939-40 all courses were tabulated. 2 / For 1930-31 and 1935-36 hospitals affiliated with colleges and universities are combined with general hospitals. Educational Requirements for Admission to Schools of Nursing The general requirement for admission to a school of nursing is high- school graduation or its equivalent (table 2" ). In 1939-40 high-school graduation was specified in 1,158 of the 1,317 requirements reported, while admission to 45 courses of study required 1 year or more of college training. The small number of schools affiliated with college and university hospitals has the most rigorous entrance requirements with 18 percent of the courses re¬ quiring one year of college or more. A few special courses are open only to graduate nurses. 206 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 22 - Educational requirements for admission to schools of nursing, 1 / 1930-31, 1935-36, and 1939-40 Requirements for admission Total College High School Ele¬ men¬ tary. Item 3-4 years 2 years 1 year Graduate nurse 2 / 4 years 3- years 2 years 1 year 1930-31 General hos¬ pitals: Number . 1,778 17 1,547 54 108 41 11 Percent ..... 100.0 — — — 1.0 87.0 3.0 6.1 2.3 0.6 Hospitals for the mentally diseased: Number . 66 1 42 6 ■ 5 9 3 Percent . 100.0 — — -- 1.5 63.6 9.1 7.6 13.6 4.6 1935-36 General hos¬ pitals: Number . 1,321 7 20 3 / 1,277 7 8 2 Percent . 100.0 — 0.5 1.5 ii 96.7 0.5 0.6 0.2 — Hospitals for the mentally diseased: Number . 60 3/ 58 1 1 Percent . 100.0 — — — 3/ 96.6 — 1.7 1.7 — 1939-40 General hos¬ pitals : Number . 1,118 19 2 1,091 4 2 Percent ..... 100.0 — — 1.7 0.2 97.6 — 0.3 0.2 — Hospitals for the mentally diseased: Number . 55 1 50 3 1 Percent . 100.0 — — — 1.8 90.9 — 5.5 1.8 — Hospitals af¬ filiated with colleges and universities Lj Number ...... 144 1/6 14 6 1 117 Percent ..... 100.0 4.2 9.7 4.2 0.7 81.2 — — — — 1 / Some schools have different requirements for different courses. In 1930-31 and 1935-36 the lowest requirement only was tabulated. In 1939-40 all requirements were tabulated. The number of requirements for 1939-40 will not agree with the number of courses as in some instances the same require¬ ment was a prerequisite for 2 or more courses. 2 / Previous training in nursing required for special schools. 2/ Data not available. ij For 1930-31 and 1935-36 hospitals affiliated with colleges and universities are combined with general hospitals. Three require 3 years and three require 4 years. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 207 The number of schools of nursing adnri.tti.ng students with less than a high school education declined sharply during the decade 192 J-40. By 193 9-40 only 10 courses in the entire country were open to students with less than 4 years of high school. The trend toward higher educational requirements for admis¬ sion to schools of nursing is partly the result of efforts to raise the level of training and partly the result of the closing of a number of schools which were below standard in their requirements . Enrollment In 1939-40, 97,345 men and women were enrolled in the schools of nursing reporting (table 23). This number is only 3,000 below that for 1930-31, the peak year, and represents a shaip increase from the 79,149 student nurses en¬ rolled in 1935-36. While nursing is recognized as a profession for women, a few men, accounting for 2 percent of Hie total, were enrolled in 1939-40. The only State in which men constituted an appreciable proportion of the enrollment was California where they amounted to 26 percent of the total. This was due to the heavy enrollment in the 10-weeks course given at the United States Naval Hospital in San Diego. By types of schools, the 1939-40 enrollment was distributed as follows: schools connected with general hospitals, 80,122 students; schools connected with college and university hospitals, 14,680 students; and schools connected with hospitals for the mentally diseased, 2,543 students, ij In this last type of institution men are relatively numerous as State hospitals offer more opportunities proportionately for the employment of men as nurses and orderlies than do other types of hospitals. In 1939-40 men constituted 21 percent of the students in schools of nursing .affiliated with hospitals for the mentally di¬ seased. By States the largest enrollments are found in Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. These 5 States alone had approximately two- fifths of the total enrollment for nurse training in 1939-40. The number of entering students in any given year is important in set¬ ting the maximum number of graduates which can be expected at a later period. Thus, the 37,200 students enrolling in schools of nursing in 1939-40 are the group from which the graduates in 1942 of the 3-year course will be drawn. Graduates In 1939-40, there were 24,076 graduates of the 1,304 schools of nursing reporting, or an average of 17.7 per school. Of the total, 95 percent were women and 5 percent were men (table 23). More than four- fifths of the men graduates were in California because of the Naval Hospital previously referred to. The number of graduates had risen sharply from the 19,256 reported in 1935-36. The distribution of graduates by length of course is directly related to- the number of courses of varying length which are offered. Thus, 91.6 percent of the graduates had completed the 3-year course, 5.7 percent courses of 1 year or less, 1.9 percent courses of 5 years or more, and less than 1 percent each courses of 4 years and of 2 years, respectively. The number of graduates of courses of 4 years or more is particularly sig¬ nificant as such oourses provide the more specialized and advanced training in demand for teaching, supervisory, and administrative positions in the nurs¬ ing profession. Of the 606 graduates of the longer courses, 555 were graduated from schools affiliated with college and university hospitals. Instructional Staff The 1,304 schools of nursing had an instructional staff of 5,533 when re¬ duced to a full-time basis (table 23). This- figure does not reflect the actual situation, however, as a large proportion of the instruction in schools of nursing is given by part-time instructors. The actual numbers of staff by time devoted to instruction were as follows: full-time 2,574; part-time 26,621. jS/ 4/ Data on Hie, United States Office of Education. j>/ Idem. 208 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 The extent to which full-time personnel is utilized is related to the type of school. Thus schools of nursing connected with college and university hos¬ pitals had an average of 3.1 full-time instructional staff members; those con¬ nected with general hospitals, l,9j and those connected with hospitals for the mentally diseased, 1.4* §J Expenditures Expenditures for 1939-40 were reported by only 870 schools of nursing. The total of $8,618,340 was almost equally divided between instructional sala¬ ries and expenses and capital outlay. Schools of Nursing for Negroes Schools of nursing for Negroes ware reported in 12 States and the District of Columbia for 1939-40 (table 24). It is known that some of the southern States not reporting do have such schools for Negroes so that the data represent only a partial survey. Of the 23 schools reporting, 17 are connected with general hospitals, 1 is in a hospital for the mentally diseased, and 5 are affiliated with college and university hospitals. 7 / Twenty-two of the schools require high-school graduation or its equivalent for admission while one accepts students with 1 year of high school. Of the 1,276 Negro students enrolled in 1939-40, all except 7 were women. There were 530 entering students during the year and 306 graduates. Of the graduates 29 5 had completed a 3-year course and the other 11 courses of less than 3 years. None were graduates of courses of 4 years or more. The instructional staff which was the equivalent of 48 full¬ time persons actually consisted of 38 full-time and 441 part-time instructors. Of the 12 schools of nursing for Negroes reporting expenditures, only 1 re¬ ported-capital outlay. All other schools reported expenditures for instruc¬ tional salaries and expenses only. 6/ Idem. 7/ Idem. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 209 l! 1 vm mi 9iiii s-p-n IPs sir? IP m IP P1 i IsM | phi pi pi am ps iif! up pt pa m. 1 | (l I m m m m m m m m m ® Mi i asnss ssss-® -'asNs Ras®-" s^an PMsaa an- Ilii4s S «? S*S*3 »3§3§ K2MS «8Tl S*SSS gRRSg niif 5 ""-g | | |«c- 1 r-»H« i i i^| « i i i i ^is i i i m i i I i i i i i i ij| -ii 1 IN " 1- Id llHll INI'* NII^, INII 1 1 1 Id Mill 3IIII III"" III § H- I a$ssa 5S§£8 *£333 83*38 SsSSs 83SS$ 3sajS3 §3333 §S3s« «§s | I s m IN'*! -''ll" "lc"°R Mini IMIS Mill S'® 1 M "l-ll III * 1 II ill 5 Mill Mill 1 rt 1 1^ Mill Mill Mill IIIM Mill 1 1 IU 13 1 M! If 3 IMS- 3 1 II 1 ISScT® M 1 - 1 "3I{|| S II IR 1 IS IS 3™l IS "Mill |- 1 f 1 1 S ssssg KSSSft 83883 §?a§3 8SS-| nsSjln 3333a sS3s3 rS^ j I ?• misi im rtt'iM "Mo>a Mini ”i“'is Mill s'»ir "i-i" mi ^ g 1 fi 1 1 m'p S3SS3 *§S8S s*a3| jgasa 338*8 s*s&g |8sss asssa sf « 1 3 "”i|i ir"i lair i rss r is i "Mig i.n i nr ■m-ir mi 1 1 1 ? f?5 im$ psss- *m ms wi j»!» pps ss8ii w i I ?• ig i iis-® i -tJiin ^ mr« imai *•-» ig ii-® ii sails smi* mi | !# 5 SMSSS S^an “SRRR 33SRS RRSRS 335"S 3 S3 3® S^Sn R S^RS sU- 1 ^ Ri I jlllliililll 210 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 Table 24 - Schools of nursing for Negroes, 1 / 1939-40 Personnel Expenditures Enrollment Instruc¬ tional Number State Number of schools re¬ porting Total Enter¬ ing stu¬ dents Gradu¬ ates staff (full¬ time equiva¬ lent) of schools re¬ porting Total expendi¬ tures 2 / 12 States and the District of Columbia . 23 1,276 530 306 86 12 $139,350 Alabama . 1 42 10 11 4 Dist. of Col. . • . 1 113 46 1/20 6 1 6,018 Florida . 2 68 . 44 8 6 1 3,978 Georgia . 1 61 16 11 4 1 76,000 Illinois . . 1 42 15 10 3 1 10, 562 Maryland . 2 4/78 1/38 6/21 5 1 1,500 Missouri . 3 182 67 47 10 1 12,470 New York . 2 284 103 71 20 1 16,388 North Carolina . . 4 144 58 35 10 2 2,584 Pennsylvania .... 1 45 23 11 3 1 2,700 Tennessee ....... 1 42 20 11 3 _ _ Texas . 1 33 20 9 2 - — Virginia . 3 142 70 41 10 2 7,150 1 / The data appearing in this table are included in the other tables on nurse¬ training schools. 2 / Instructional salaries and expenses only except for $75,000 in capital out¬ lay reported for Georgia. 2/ Includes 1 man from 2-year course and 2 men from 1-year course. 4/ Includes 7 men. 2/ Includes 6 men. 6/ Includes 1 man. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 211 Part m. - Land-Grant Colleges and Universities, 1938-39, 1939-40, 1940-41, and 1941-42 The land-grant colleges and universities — 69 in number — constitute Ihe group of institutions of higher education which participate in the benefits of the Morrill Act of 1862 and supplementary legislation. The group consists of: (1) 30 institutions bearing the title '‘university; " (2) 22 colleges and institutes known by such names as: State college, 7; State college of agriculture and mechanic arts, 4; agricultural col¬ lege, 3; State college of agriculture and applied science, 2; agri¬ cultural and mechanical college, 2; polytechnic institute, 2; in¬ stitute, 2; institute of technology, 1; college of agriculture and engineering, 1; and (3) 17 institutions of higher education for Negroes. This part of the report on higher education is concerned with data for land-grant institutions for the years 1938-39, 1939-40, 1940-41, and 1941-42. Preliminary reports on the land-grant colleges and universities are issued an¬ nually in November by the Office of Education to cover the preceding year ended June 30. Data contained in the tabulations of this report are based up¬ on revised figures from four of the -preliminary reports. Circular 183 for the year 1938-39, Circular 137 for the year 1939-40, Circular 206 for the year 1940-41, and Circular 220 for the year 1941-42. Federal Legislation 1 / The principal Federal statutes under which the land-grant colleges and universities receive financial support from the Federal Government are: (1) First Morrill Act, approved July 2, 1862. This act donated to each State 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator and Representative to which it was entitled in Congress. The States not having enough public land within their borders received land scrip for the deficit. The proceeds derived from the sale of these lands constituted an endowment, fund the interest of which was by law required to be used for the support of "at least one college where the leading subject shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pur¬ suits and professions of life." (2) Second Morrill Act, approved August 30, 1390. This act makes per¬ manent annual appropriations to the land-grant colleges and universities, now amounting to $25,000 a year for each State, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. (3) Nelson Amendment to the act making appropriations for the United States Department of Agriculture for the fiscal year 1908, approved March 4, 1907. This provision makes permanent annual appropriations to the land-grant colleges and universities, now amounting to $25,000 a year, for each State, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. (4) Bankhead-Jones Act, approved June 29, 1935- One section (22) of the act authorizes annual appropriations for instruction in the land-grant colleges and universities, now amounting to a total of $2,480,000. The Federal administration of these funds is a function of the Federal Security Agency, and it is carried out through the Office of Education. In accordance with other Federal legislation the land— grant colleges and univ¬ ersities receive Federal appropriations for agricultural experiment stations and for cooperative extension work. These appropriations are administered by the United States Department of Agriculture and are reported by it. 17 See Federal Laws and Rulings Relating to Morrill and Supplementary Morrill Funds for Land-Grant Colleges and Universities Administered by Federal Security Agency through U. S. Office of Education, Federal Security Agency, U. S. Office of Education, Pamphlet No. 91, 1940. 212 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Allotment of Morrill-Nelson and Bankhead-Jones Funds The Morrill-Nelson and a part of the Bankhead-Jones funds are appor¬ tioned to the States on an equal basis, but a part of the Bankhead-Jones funds are apportioned on a population basis. The allotments under the legislation now in force are shown in the accompanying table. Unless fur¬ ther legislation is passed, they will remain as shown on the next page until the data on population are available from the next decennial census. The Land-Grant Colleges and Universities and Higher Education in the United States In accordance with the Federal legislation the landr-grant colleges and universities are concerned with the education of students in residence, with research in agricultural experiment stations, and with extension service in agriculture and home economics. Many of the institutions also carry on other activities for which they receive no Federal support. The part of the load of higher education in the United States that is borne by the ‘69 land-grant colleges and universities is sizable. During the year 1939-40 they employed 25 percent of the faculty members and enrolled 18 percent of the resident students in the colleges and universities of the coun¬ try. During the same year their freshmen were 16 percent of the students en¬ rolled for the first time in all colleges and universities, but their gradu¬ ate students constituted *22 percent of the graduate htudents in the Nation. These colleges conferred 22 percent of the bachelors' and first professional degrees, 25 percent of the masters' degrees, and 33 percent of the doctors' degrees conferred by institutions of higher education. The expenditures of the land-grant colleges and universities in 1939-40 constituted approximately 29 percent of such expenditures by all colleges and universities. Ten-Year Summary of Development Because of the brevity of the report on the land-grant colleges and universities published for the. year 1929-30 it is possible to present only a limited summary of development during the decade from 1930 to 1940. Several significant facts can be shown, however, for the land-grant institu¬ tions other than those exclusively for Negroes. The total undergraduate enrollment of the 52 institutions increased from 165,132 in 1929-30 to 231,977 in 1939-40, a gain of 40 percent. The increase in the number of men was 42 percent and in the number of women 37 percent. Increases in enrollment in undergraduate and professional divisions of the institutions were: agriculture, 131 percent; home economics, 85 percent; arts and sciences, 54 percent; engineering, 31 percent; commerce, 29 percent; and medicine, 6 percent. At the same time there were the following decreases in enrollments: architecture, 32 percent; pharmacy, 30 percent; fine arts, 25 percent; music, 24 percent; dentistry, 19 percent; and journalism, 12 percent. During the period the graduate enrollment increased from 13,834 to 23,676, a gain of 71 percent. The changes in the enrollments in the 52 institutions are reflected in the number of earned degrees conferred: Percent 1929-30 1939-40 increase First degrees . Master's degrees, including advanced 26,157 40,341 54 degrees in engineering . . 3,957 6,588 52 Doctor ' s degrees . . . . . . 717 1,089 64 higher institutions 213 Morrill-Nelson Funds State or Outlying Area (Second Morrill Act and Nelson Amendment; Alabama 1 / . Alaska 2/ . . Arizona . Arkansas . . . California . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware \l . Florida 1/ . Georgia 1/ . Hawaii . . . Idaho . Illinois . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . . Kentucky 1/ . • . . Louisiana 1/ . Maine . Maryland 1 / . Massachusetts . Michigan . Minnesota . Mississippi 1 / • • • • Missouri 1 / . Montana . Nebraska . Nevada . New Hampshire . New Jersey ... . New Mexico . New York . . North Carolina 1 / . North Dakota . Ohio . Oklahoma 1 / . Oregon . . Pennsylvania . Puerto Rico 2 / . . . Rhode Island . South Carolina 1 / South Dakota . Tennessee 1 / . Texas 1 / . Utah . Vermont . . Virginia 3 .J . Washington . West Virginia \J Wisconsin ....... Wyoming . Bankhead-Jones Funds Division of #980,000 Division of #1,500,000 on equal basis on basis of population #50,000 ’ #20,000 #32,332.47 #102,332.47 50,000.00 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 5,698.05 22,248.29 78,833-74 75,698.05 92,248.29 148,833-74 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 12, 820. 14 19,507.51 3,041.61 21,655-11 35,650.94 82,820. 14 89,507.51 73,041.61 91,655.11 105,650.94 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 4,831-46 5,990.36 90,130.90 39,121.30 28,969.15 74,831.46 75,990.36 160,130.90 109,121.30 98,969.15 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,554.99 32,477.04 26,978.88 9,669.36 20,785.79 90,554.99 102,477.04 96,978.88 79,669.36 90,785.79 50,000 • 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 '20,000 20,000 49.266.57 59,987.73 31,868,41 24.923.58 43,194.22 119.266.57 129,987.73 101,868.41 94,923.58 113,194-22 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 6,385.05 15,017.57 1,258.25 5,609.75 47,479.80 76,385.05 85,017.57 71,258.25 75,609.75 117,479.80 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 6,069.62 153,836192 40,762.80 7,326.39 78,836.31 76,069.62 223,836.92 110,762.80 77,326.39 148,836.31 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 26,665.64 12,436.51 112,990.38 96,665.64 82,436.51 182,990.38 50,000.00 50,000 50,000 20,000 8,141.40 78 ,-141. 40 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 21.632.40 7,338.09 33.278.40 73,212 13 6,230.66 91.682.40 77,338.09 103,278.40 143,212.13 76,280.66 50,000 50,600 50,000 50,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 4,099.89 30,561.32 19,815-07 21,707.16 35,809-17 74,099.89 100,561.32 89,815-07 91.707.16 105,809?17 50,000 20,000 2,861.72 72,861.72 980,000 1,500,000.00 Total . 2,550,00a 5,030,000.00 Dote: The second Borrlll let Ind the Kelson A.e„d»ent .ske -»tln«lng_s?propri,tions._ £*-*«*- % *■» ot June 29, 1935* 214 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 ii *5 i s? ,? M- s a I 1 k R § S ! § I! ll III m ■* s? 8 *. r> cv II *A CV CV H CV CO H -^•vO CO CMO r NO C^ a*~83 14 19 120 28 35 SSR00?} SR 181 6 22 123 204 22 24 10 88 116 86 80 115 30 37 *»25* SR 293 6 74 199 544 84 54 21 ZU 198 38 96 54 183 235 55 151 508 195 229 67 128 17 31 2sall 157 108 1 2 2 34 'u'°n 25 6 2 16 1 12 4 13 37 3 O' CV cv cv SHd lH 51 4 50 46 128 «®8SS 151 94 78 55 90 60 112 £ 51 113 40 45 16 17 156 23 131 60 35 13 3 43 1/30 428 45 25 220 46 114 83ci8£ 13 5 70 243 5 vO O' W\ l> CO 3“3IR 2® PSjSg 8§*8* 150 173 1,504 407 401 83H3 124 514 364 935 153 S*3I?5 ls*8§ 703 306 r®|P $ 67 48 317 116 197 198 127 169 64 100 67 #2 283 139 128 41 2/233 128 52 140 2/184 454 24 207 1/2/411 1/ 2,513 188 287 1,123 737 655 SSS8SI 251 2/642 555 1,120 398 655 160 474 98 ao 591 130 5/1,336 670 a3 823 2/511 H|« i 1 1 1 1 III _ _ th o o '3‘S'S^I 'Si aim i mi mli iiiii iiiii HIGHER INSTITUTIONS "83 '00,”3H 3” 32332 388SS 53 3*3 ^S8S8 3383fc PS “g* 8S-H **533 a* 01 -o c- ■^cmcmo'co Nton«n 'O | £g£ 322i?‘£ 3SP3S g5 S3S 3 I S3 I 28333 S* g Ost'JCOCT' '°'° 8 "'1-12 IS I I I ""S I ^ »H g H |CMC« | £ | | I ^38 I ^ R* I II I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I II I II II 3 333*3 SS^S ^3838 35 m asasa sasas aa fSS SSS83 §* &S3 $*m 3SS31S ^ 3 5S3SX3 23328 3S88S; 3S £ 38323 32SSS *5 3 S33SS 8^388 S388S S3 -'SR ■><','°2H -^ww 3® '°3R 323K8 53382 33 323 3S888 3 3 8 S'* 83 sgs *gS3S S*S« a« NHn -4CVCHC0>O CM^O '*'0 <*1 c~ | £§£ 82888 5238$ §3 8SS 3 1 28 I 82388 S2 333 *m* sSsSS S3 O C«> CM *\ C" CM C-tnH^tC^ >0^0»TkvO C- >* ■sf f'N-'jC-rj'^ vO CO O' UAO J-J <*><> COn° 2 °'Sh°'h otN I I I w33 I * 8M g |»""°' »<^ | | | H”R J ■> g.pj I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I II I I Mill II -* 333*3 33^33 '°3‘f38* S3 p 38338 333*8 33333 82 *£§ 28888 $££22 gK *$* 32«§g 32333 23 5 33333 3o?-*33 33333 33 g 38523 23383 3588* S3 I I id II 3 £ II I! II ^5) BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 23 2 3 3 8 2 2 2 11 1 3338$ assa* 86 89 113 28 37 sisgj 24 154 450 192 23 12 2 7 4 62 118 162 402 74 gPSSR 18 7 86 304 4 295 253 519 172 708 137 539 441 1,073 156 193 151 36 51 84 ss»» SSSaS SgSRR CO CM rH Sf -s* aasss? "NN3H 3«h3h 3 220 270 196 60 165 54 152 474 185 S3 I*-* 33*3* 187 101 103 . 65 120 60 125 160 308 65 18 7 87 309 4 141 532 427 1,044 161 197' 144 173 52 78 ga&3S :: 2S 607 1,210 .. 392 iijjj i?i|i II15I Univ. La. S' Univ. Univ. liiii 12 6 6 3 9 14 8 13 8 r U3 26 40 8 25 54 20 109 14 5 29 52 109 8e9M 219 44 231 326 113 103 162 14 3 6 2 3 11 1 2 2 I* 139 50 71 38 57 246 28 149 96 47 IS 74 19 113 14 22 55 14 111 1 23 §PSioa 318 73 1,082 243 99 781 300 H $ 3*! |« 181 187 *3538 751 596 131 ^•g 212 912 454 12 6 7 3 19 11 6 13 8 8" rjf 113 26 42 13 24 53 19 103 143 27 52 111 212. 72 133 20 52 200 226 330 94 102 160 O' C^vO tn 11 1 22 1 I" ia 50 57 38 52 261 28 149 70 53 is 58 19 131 13 22 55 11 114 1 28 412 73 350 76 171 306 73 1,093 252 90 1,192 290 182 42 2/176 1/33 65 £ 2/500 2/L34 240 578 128 2/1,508 617 211 M $ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 217 (AE-vO (nHO OH 7 14 2 36 12 VACO S CACD 'AC' CA CO A* o* A* CA rH -w 6 62 21 33555 .rasa;* S3 g 4 3 6 14 4 10 6 1 5 10 19 6 16 5 16 v£> nO 6 *« 94 246 5 3 s c* cjcah.va ISM'* CM CA »A | CA *** **833 3 232 34 5 cv 3 63 5 3 27 ISM" O'CAOJ | vO §s Sts;* 1 1 II II 1 Mill II II 1 II II 1 1 II II Mill i 1 H 1 s? at 8 ISS 1 28 97 15 54 48 108 33 3 33588 10 26 4 18 22 35558 53 m 83 160 110 287 472 33*83 H g 17 29 20 51 21 sl S3 35 58853 35 80 176 131 »**SS 47 73 99 117 120 190 53 3 15 38 6 20 25 SKrtSS 52 19 $S3 109 352 185 528 1,006 190 225 552 379 410 744 170 1 5353$ 88353 3$£?!$£ 5* 3 20 23 VA O' * CA VA O' CA CO CV'O VA cv fr* CA 00 CM 3^ '‘’SIX 3S3SR 5^ "* ^OjvO 10 4 3 8 10 19 5 7 12 S'0 20 138 47 ^SB SS I 3 1 1 31 is i r OltM | CM S'* «S* 20 127 113 340 720 78 39 220 139 106 232 35 S 3 2 3 36 IS 1 1" 10 3 ~6 ii 701 £1 ■•* H 'J 1 a«i »o CO 33§3K ISSSS I 1 sign §** i 3 n? H 5 1 35 irt sgss i i i is i g i§ 1 1 i n >88P* 1 1 'S' S *3 * 1 s1 1 rH B353* 88$*5 **385 8.^3 rH rH rH CO rH rH 3388.8 nm *893.8 3*5*5 S3SJ 8*888 58883 38528 5*8 *52*3 83333 8525* ssSSa 853 Of rH rH rH rHOfrHrH rH 588.58 8.3883. 8*83.3 .55833 8SS rHCOrHrHrHrHOfpH rH *0 rH Of rH rH 53SS8 8*532 8553* 5835* *3* H*«oW CM CM u\H(rp rP^oPn" X? s? rt" oT up ||| S8833 l°||s 5.8583 855 8?8.83 iS5.?8 l§|f| 88588 858 rH0fO»O>t CO Of VO H CO S? S? H CV HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 219 £§ 53$aS §3388 ^ r? -T^c^T s?oT H"rTrTcM*cT 3 *» ««s. sw« mm « Nt H rH ^ WH^O ->trH»ACr\CO O *a " ir SI 13* s* I ° I SP-15'ES "'a5 5"°s «* 8* igi^l I 1 I ra I £1 l$l g§ H cm* 62 |g"3' 11 'I' *J 'S' 36 Cf\ SR 33383 '3PS5 §s“SS 3S oTh hh h* p* 13333 .'3683 36 13 3asa3 s'S§s aa*36 S3 s* aiass ssasa £pr§s as CV H H rH H 23 S33|! s* as1 iaflse as 3s sssaj ssssa assas, sa CM i-l O'cTcMMM CM CM MM rT CM CM CM I> r-T »s Ssaas s'as1 §8*83 sa WhVJ rT rT rT OM* p‘ Rgsas ssasa asssa as CM rM O-J-cTuMH CM C*\ M\ CM C? CM CM CO rH « mn a assss a 3 $s*a3 P '*$:3d8 I "IIS s ""« 5 38 '«S § ssipp cm' 8 CM* 8 fs”33 S SPSS s? § 38«a5 v? a aa*sa vO S S8»85 Sa*8S 85885 85 rH r-T iH rH O* 53®ai asaaa is rH iH I M KS ISP g3* I I " S3 £P I I M3 18 11™ PI I II 1 3 IRI r & I as iss s*5ss §a -S'- 3§aa§ *“ a$a85 P5 Sgsss 88*38 a§ 68*s* a'ssa ai 88*88 P'aSS 33 33*38 p§*sl 35 aa*88 ssaa'a ss • © ! i niii ill i HIM !jl 1 Illil : : : a ,9 : nil ill sal College ... il University . ;ricultural \ t- ill: \ ilin . ,1 i 5* llpg 3*{* ; iH ll| IH II » illli HUS Hill SI I niii' mn 1 j 1 ; = n iiili SaSl! il 591046 0 - 44 - 15 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 g s aass* sgata sagas isiss smss siass ss§ o n n H oT ^ p'Iwm^ MH fH f*\ |-j r\ <*?> c> r? P> r? § I £ i * 85883 55B8K 85533 8332B nm aa§ m c!V\»g ^Hr^C-C'- rH ss**" "SaS* "88® sigis? 3*1 ?) rt 88*3B 13331 *^88* i&ssa lisa* S'S’* gai 5121 1 si 1 * s » 8 a gigg* M l« I iggi I ^1 I I s a | I «'m ' ' '£> >83** 338* 1 "'8' 3«5" 8 1 1 g | 3 1 838 8*33$ 83833 38883 '*888 ^883 m 3 3 8 | 8 '859. 8*388 85338 33.888 'S.gaa 8*5*5 583. 5 5 3 3 sS^'S a a 5§5B 1 3*313 3-&3» £gf§H 3*3 i £ I SR31| 6888k S|ps £3191 3SS|3 S.S2SI gp * a 8»gsa ssaRs pise spas 3*8p pass pi g? O r-T r? cnHH Hi-TcT ri H CV CM UN H <*\ <*>HOM H i g-' r ^ t> S* IglSI 11111 H 1 >£ 1 §s oT 2* 13131 11111 S' IS 1 as s* 53539 H5*8g B-H 89 oT rT f-Tr-T |H oT P 99*99 I ssaa sisal 39 »S S3551 S'Ss1 88*38 53 ?3 p.3|i .83933 98235 33 ”5 S§aR' s'Ss1 S3S;q§ SI rftfrHr? -? rT r? 83 238|I 8S8I8. 85928 89 (V f-T 0?<^CV»A CV C^>0 r-T C? CV CM P-* r-T SS893 9 IRS' 33398 38 P^rTcM" sf 53388 38888 8$28$ 88 “ -3 % ^ J. «. o^ ° o -P A W £ g W) to ft S“ R1 3 n •n.5 3 |j| I43 S n ° E o^: C h o> §) Gah CAvO H H st O'nH 4 rH I> Ch¬ ok'd sO WAnQ O ca O O H (nnH ^ 2 ! < § s?? H O' £> [88 t> i o wa wa O I ca I 4 O' WA WA CO CO WA (3 o 4 10 0 0 IvO I HHOI (\ I CM b" Oi Oi I Q r o 'O oi co \vD HP> asgs i va o^vO wa H &3§ I l& Ch H I 4 Oi 'as SS i O I Cvi d 1 S I O ^ CA H Oi 00 4 ! 153 CT'OHr O CO IA ( CA Oi 4 i i i is i a i a i S § &?! I | I | o i S) ! ca 4 Oi CA CA vO vO |g! 3 l£g§ 'O CA 4 Oi CA CO WA H O' 4 WA CA rH Oi O (AO CA O OiAst, OHH ^ ^ vO 4kO O O H H'O CAvO WA Oi O I sf (A H CA O' CO 'sf CA 4 Oi H Oi CA rH CO rH rH rH OiOHOvO (A O WA (A O' O H Oi CO vO vanO >4- CO H H 00 O' CO CA ''4 CA CA O' 4 0'0 CA O' CO CO CO Oi O 4 sf (A O 4 O . H 'st'O CO O' Oi CA CA Oi CO H $3333 »ACAH ‘A'O O CA O' I rH CA CA Oi vO O CONOCO IO iA O' O O C O O' O WA ( CA Oi O H ■ H vO Oi Si WA O O O 4 Q H WA Oi CA CA O' Oi Oi UA H H CO 4 400 CO CA Oi vD WA O' WA (Tk va CA CA O CO O vO O 4 C O' CA O CO Oi Oi O' O' O CA Oi O' O' O O *>4 Oi * CA CA Oi O' WA sfsfHCACA C*- VA Oi 4 CO <\ WA < Jh8 r< 'Si Oi C- O WA o Oi O 4 CO 4 1 CA O' i O CA O' D- CA 4 WA 4 CA CA £*■858 5 O' H WA WA rj £> O' O Oi rH OiO'WAWAO- CO O' H O WA H O' O' o WA Oi CO O' o t O U0 Oi CA CA O OvO OivO 4 CAvO CO vO CA H H O O iO O' O 4 CA O' OOOiOCA £> rH Oi CA Oi H Oi CO 1 Oi WA 4 CO 4 Oi CO O CA Oi H H O VA 4 Oi Oi WA H CA • rH WAvO O' O C O O Oi CO 4 - WA CA CA CA C rH O CA rH O' CA 4 Oi ; 8? co g i Oi CO O' CA HHnC CO vO O' Oi H i O' o o' 'rH* cT WA 4 WA vO CA 2S ST'gH CA Oi WA rl CA O nO O' 00 4 Oi WA oi H I O Cfl ct) C •H fl) C CO O d X O C «h £ W N (3 *rl 8 A t « 3 a 3 s t 8 <8 5 84 . _ o> -g 5 b |a^3 ~ 03 O •>>>> O !> ► > r> W > >> 3UII o||g| iii|i J g ig i 1° 3 -3 1 C S 5 ^ t> S 5^525 g 5 £ II 5 S5

(0 OT OH O *H W «'!!h fci 0) i— I g§ g .3 poo I HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 223 8888 sm i igi’i lag i a 8s 8/3 33 H rHs 83 oT CM tO * >* 83388 88 H SSIS3 SS8S5 H Oi H CV vO H oToTcV I> r-T P\Wrlrl W iss§§ s'3?1 fssii si h h r> SS883 S5 38888 88888 Oi rH f^vO Oi C^v CSi < 224 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1 938— 4 Q n c D 0 Total of collegiate and noncollegiate grade (excluding duplicates ) 0) § 217. 348 200,243 3, 215 ^777 1,781 „ 2,793 Z31, 878 943 1, 030 673 4,083 5,402 3,639 1, 175 5,417 1,796 3, 183 2, 032 3,444 7,919 1, 111 3, 838 614 98 2, 849 18. 392 646 4,437 838 5, 420 538 1, 162 3, 028 444 2, 473 3, 297 740 a 375.128 364,411 6,018 1,516 2,034 2 6-311 247 ,817 2, 133 4. 239 869 6, 073 5,716 3, 817 2, 171 17,545 6,767 8, 225 3, 377 4, 279 8,278 1,747 7, 158 1,308 4, 489 5, 363 26,275 2, 276 7,615 1,290 6,888 790 2,352 6,385 1, 170 6,371 4, 424 1,770 Students of collegiate grade Extension classes I Women iC, CO O) o> 00 eo . © a o © to oo © . © t~- © t- . — — ■ o e- . . w n n .© . at © . . •*■ © t- . — © t- oo oo oo .— © — © . to — ' c<9 ■>» ..•*>(-© eo . © © . . © oo o- . — © c- — ~* © . <1 .— . . eo tr t- . . t- — . . Tf N O -xT . f-w . eo . . oo 03 OO . to OO O «-• . *— • CO CO CO CO . N N t- . .WhO .IH.CO ^ . . 00 CO Ol . W* CO CNJ ^ 09 . W h CO .HOO ..03. H . t* . to Men ' 16, 572 16,442 o> . etj © to . . .to . oo -O' -O’ © -O' co el co eo . . . . © -tr . e- . . © . . © © . to — to . . . — . a © c-4 — us eo co . . .© . eo .© eo . . oc c- ee . c 00e~!©t«03 CO tfC N tfi Tf 00 CO 00 t— ^ 03 OC ^ cn © t n a> . c* NNtfioo^ t- oo oo ^ ^ oo © -vcooi n og © —< m CVJ «H© 0403 .03 W C3C- lO N 03 CO wH ^ —« © v-< OO CO tO 03 N ^ lA »-< - co 03 ^ « Men OO 00 CO I 41,862 1 , 067 31 419 425 2, 377 411 477 198 1,059 364 a327 3430 2, 200 1, 218 1, 310 768 550 1,317 398 1, 027 231 574 ,1. 107 1,818 496 1,164 311 962 149 368 545 243 1. 4 00 743 350 Number enrolled third week of fall term W ome n 75,411 | 68. 949 J © © © co © .— ' © © © © © oo © us us — ©-*?©© © © to oc © © t- c-a -O' t» © t- o o © © c- c- t- e* onoonoi H-neoct- © © eo © -»r © © © © — oj © © ea teto'-eu- c- © © © ©©eo — r©— -o © — — © os — Undergraduate, graduate, and special students Women 81,705 74,776] 904 72 1, 183 752 10, 900 628 657 292 22 1.253 1,134 801 3, 407 1. 431 2, 065 1.254 1, 395 2, 689 521 1,770 469 59 2, 377 6, 056 210 1,498 766 2, 165 401 810 1, 066 304 1, 653 42 510 Men CO o o 166,916] 3,269 176 1, 606 1,705 14,752 1,354 1,312 589 3, 217 2, 114 1, 234 1,743 10,056 5, 472 4, 519 2,691 2,218 4,624 1, 450 3,717 879 2, 996 4, 398 9, 613 1, 932 4, 973 1,034 3, 976 671 lr 288 1, 999 619 5, 495 2,529 1,173 Land-grant institution GRAND TOTAL . Total white . . | Ala. Polytechnic Inst . Univ. of Alaska . Univ. of Arizona . Univ. of Arkansas . Univ. of California . Colorado State Coll . Univ. of Connecticut . Univ. of Delaware . Univ. of Florida . Univ. of Georgia . Univ. of Hawaii . Univ. of Idaho . Univ. of Illinois . Purdue University (Iud. ) . Iowa State Coll . Kansas State Coll . Univ. of Kentucky . La. State Univ . Univ. of Maine . Univ. of Maryland . Mass. State Coll . Mass. Inst, of Tech . Mich. State Coll . Univ. of Minnesota . Miss. State Coll . Univ. of Missouri . Montana State Coll . i . Univ. of Nebraska . Univ. of Nevada . Univ. of New Hampshire . Rutgers University (N. J. I . New Mexico A 1 M Coll . Cornell University (N. Y. ) . N. C. State Coll . N. Dak. Agri. Coll . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 225 students and Increase In total feaale students because of an estimated distribution of total extension students In the University of 226 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 isag s-in sgs-'s -"♦aid sism 4i«*'i I8PR I SS35& SSSRa I <* g|;SdS S I SP | if! l 34 80 21 1,113 112 47 *2 155 84 151 205 16 100 36 12 60 594 10 si8~ 1 69 131 50 2,131 27 21 7 167 101 S3!S£ 3S8«a mu H* 138 844 111 35 § 9" Ig 494 31 185 273 340 450 307 228 §131 1 379 556 175 4 II 1 S'3S« S ° 1 1 tg 1 i lacs 1 '3§' 11 "3 II IP 1 1 1 £ 1 1 S" is 8 oT 1111“ I I I i l 3 1 II 1 °'3* I i "*3 1 3S3P3 2 M M 1 11 11 1 Mil'* a 1 S IP§§ SjSPSP 5s r- M M 1 11 11 1 1 II IS c- 1 »8'»* a"** 1 1 8 Mill IS 11 1 SMIP 3 1 p'§13 1 1 IS 1 1 1 13s 1 1 1 1 II II 11 11 1 1 II 1 1 11 S 1 ! 1 1 1 1 IjM 1 11 1 1 p 1 1 If II 1 1 11 11 1 II II 1 1 ! I" 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1*8 12 a II II 1 1 a 11 1 II II 1 1 1 8" " 1 1 l^ 1 •SI Irt g' 1 II II 1 1 1 11 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 3 1 1 II II 1 11 11 1 1 II II 1 1 *i".S I 1 1 $ 1 1 II IS §3 1 Mill 11 11 1 1 II II 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 13 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 11 11 II 1 II 1 1 ***** 1 l?3 ! 83**3 S- 8 II II 1 131 1 1 3 IS'S s' Mill Mill 11 1 1 1 1 1 s II II 1 11 11 1 S II II 1 1 55*5* '8538 **8a* 8* 1 II II 1 11 11 1 3 1PM 1 1 S' 1 1 1 11 is 1 11 11 1 1 1 1 II II 1 1 11 1 1 Mill 1 1 IPP3 1 11 1 is 11 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 Mill 1 II 1 1 1 55*» '*3*5 ***** 8* § 1 II II I 3 1 1 1 3'3'S g 1 11 fa 1 3'3" '8 p Mill IS II 1 3 IS II 1 1 §§3S3 11 ip 1 8'*" '3 g II II I IP II 1 3 1* II 1 1 rH* H 1 13*1 3* * II II 1 IP M 1 1 igi» *1 ©»Sa® iissn: *a*a» g Mill IS II 1 1 IS II 3' s£*Sa 8'33' 88®** !8 * 33*5* 3**35 s™§ a§ StsH rH r- 1 ***** S3SPl 35 | 3**8* §3 8'**' 8**88 8 33*5* s§ 8.8*38 *3883 88*83. CO vr\ ^ o? oT cv cv as O r-T | 88*85 ~p*gg *53*3 33 838SS ^nh'h’h 6'3SM 5**5* 88 i 33*3* *8*83 35 HI? spa P||| g * 3**55 BpH 3§ |lll| Ipp ilp5 l! i im sf“li m % Hill ^l*S: llili ii ! I ||ij§ |lj i! I , * 1 *;!=! IS SI S f: 1 1 aiSSs iiali itji ii 228 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 1,978 1,755 6 6 6 17 199 33 n 1 *"*a* 17 120 9 17 sr»R a la"'" if i u 11 12 13 26 371 38*3 1 187 13 41 55 212 '°*R 1 ■* s isrr s lg5H IS 1 w? «? 49 60 24 1,578 n 2 6 12 50 81 166 197 21 100 42 20 72 581 18 160 17 164 . 53 40 24 7 179 9 8 If f B § a' £ 92 112 55 2,813 RP»g3 S333S 163 669 381 1,849 114 3*3*8 a»83* i l S O' O' 8*1 ig a"»a *88*3 PIS5I ISPS' RS II 1 a ^a* it ! ! *m 1.3 1 1 133 1 igg 1 " 113 1 1 |£ 1 1 ISM 1 8" 1* is II ling IIIII s 1 1 1 1 *'g'3 1 1 1 g 1 ' H H " II II 1 A* a S i ip i i rt 1 l l 1 1 181 1 1 1 1 1 1 IIIII II II 1 IIIII it !?- i i i*g 1111^ 11$ II • 'SIS 1 1 Ig! ■pis" II 8 II iHl S § IIIIP l 1 1 l 1 1 131 1 1 ip 1 1 1 II 1 1 11 11 1 II II 1 J I | 1 URg 1 1 13* ■*3i 1 ■SS'B II Igl 135 182 "3" its 1* IIIII i t i ig 1 rg 1* 1 1 1 1 1 IIIII *H M 11 11 1 ill 17,210 16,543 3*28* 53*'$ 3^1 88838 ' 'Is' 885*i '"S'* 'IS 3 3 MSN Mill •IS" 1 1 1 1 1 IIIII 11 11 1 II II 1 3 1 S its 43,924 43,750 1,178 no 434 378 1,631 103 418 1,879 3,651 2,010 1,050 657 594 555 1,677 940 2,556 507 sas^s li* 15 1 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 1 "SI ■ 1 1 1 ig 1 MSI IUII 1 II II j ill! 5 5 $»< 1 1 1 1 13 1 1 1313 8 1 1 1 1 IP 1 II 11 11 1 1 Ig u I ill It 807 8 293 395 1,169 389 179 103 152 634 116 304 1,684 1,640 33383 655 1,061 583 973 299 617 93 195 335 354 1,368 612 455 g 1 i £ 1 M r> rC i»i*B ■SI 13 IgPII ■55'* 1 142 18 *28 1 1 IR II 1 1 ; II •»'S| ■ *i as lg§' 1 ■3313 ■8»83 341 35 932 IP II 1 III a 1 § a a 162 23 121 197 373 1 ipi§ 333 ■" ■83*3 1,169 42 a'S" 1 1 UR !i! s 5 a 123 16 51 129 143 1 (Mg 97 236 54 175 ■*5*R ' ' 183 •■aw 3M3* 35 I II 95 10 554 246 7,973 Sara 33^33 33333 385 1,044 2,789 23 691 78 678 362 590 1,028 186 623 117 si ; s a | « « 492 18 855 429 7,502 169 434 231 2,391 495 oT 820 939 a,s 815 2,318 3,731 236 1,449 169 1,143 365 662 4/775 183 1,196 309 * . i * 3 j P 5 539 66 941 698 9,777 H 385 28 2,068 5,701 84 1,391 673 2,329 412 593 X'S 1,349 7 486 m \ h \ 5 3 1*555 5**51 5SS55 !3SI *1511 5|«s3 51533 111 l I * * 3*sbs sssRa s*ssi sssss is»«s g J J H -T-.V -H" H* «%»' «* r? H H 1 1 mi !*»» if! m al?-p *»* i 58SS5 1 1 {lilt pill ij! Sfjil in nm m aiiit iiiii iilll liill IIIII iiiii if-!-. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS ■ ; IR-gl * 133 1 “<$3 1 S ^3 3 7 15 25 1 1 1 1 1 i i*ia 33 lft3R 1 '"*33°' 3R-' 13 3°“ § 1 1 ™3t' 1 1 1 1 1 "'1312 -*s $S*3» * 1 "g 1 AXXfiS 3 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 3 1 mr »'*83 177 31 213 182 174 PS :* R 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i il in S' 58* «|S>S5R »"S* 1 1 § II 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 3'a1* 3 1 i »g <3 1 1 %£ 1 "IS* 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 *Mii i i«g i II 1 1 1 SI 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i r 1 1 i i i i i 1 1 lg? S3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3"" 1 l 1$ l •S 1 15 »• 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8' 1 'S 1 1 181 MMR 3^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 IRK 1 1 15 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sv 1 1 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 p 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'M' 15**3 s* § 1 1 1 1 1 "'S1 "3'8 S' II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II a 1 1 1 II 1 II II a ii ii ii 1,872 1,335 992 1,344 340 781 173 698 2,703 496 135 1,531 530 506 1,512 370 g 1 1 1 1 1 II IK 1 SIMS II gllll 1 1 ISI 1 1 1 1 1 II i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 II II 1 II 70 17 30 " "3 1 1 1 1 1 II i 1 1 1 II 1 II II II II 1 II 1,230 1,289 784 586 406 415 473 711 1,949 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'a 1 S IS 'S «| 371 639 489 19 173 Ml»l g Ml 1 I3t a Mill M M i 3 1 ft II II I "S' a'*" >3 a II 1 II i M M 3 1 8 II II 1,584 301 98 247 1,683 1 1 ISI 32' 5* sa 3 1 II II M n i "S" 81 1 1 183 3*55* gs 2 II II 1 M 1 1 1 iiaii si 823 537 241 633 272 ai*6' 174 294 30 675 425 2,091 229 | 209 232 65 491 300 85«*a 1,902- 655 501 1,490 506 §3333 |S 1 203 211 40 357 295 HaSS 3* 3,547 2,080 1,520 i:S S'H' PSP 32 ? 209 232 £ 300 urn s* mi sisi! m s ! §3*58 329 458 53 21 SIRS' rT ssaa* as J H r? 3 88*88 353 447 32 200 217 8§$3s gft m mi ?! ! ! * * ! ! ! * * • !• aa*sa sagas n lii : : : : : : : : : : : s II SI l 11 $ i Si i i State A & H Inst. ... A M & N College . St. Coll. Colored ... A 4 n College . St. Indue. Coll . St. Indna. Coll . Princess Anne Acad. . Alcorn A 4 (1 Coll. .. Lincoln Unlv . . Negro A 4 T Coll . . Col. A 4 N Unlv . . C N I 4 A 4 H Coll. .. . A 4 I St. T Coll . . Prairie Vie* St. Coll. . St. Coll, for Negroes State Ooll . iilii Sl!l: m ii M H iiaii Siiii m'i ii n n I i ?■ l! 13 I V I IS p, l! P !! i: if II 229 230 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 W ?! ,891 ,713 7 6 5 29 179 5aH 1 1 a"*** 195 ia 40 ~e 12 13 *" 183 1 II ; 5 3 asa*' i P-S3g •9*i* S MSS *1391 3 S 1 a a >o' r4“ a-' is® *5»»3 RdttRS 1! i Ha'«! aaagie *¥S 93888 H 8*S»§ rsa* I •5 £ rs»g s - 83333 anal ISIS* SR 1 1 1 Z*m 1 r !- !*'"3 1 1 IRf* “88* “ “3 | >81 II 3*1 1 8* “9 I J 8 - “ *8 Mill * i ii i *■8*3 II 15 1 »33' 1 ,11111 k 3 i ? i i*i i H H 3 1 1 1 1 “8“ 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i Si 3 “ 1*8 s? s? ling 1 1| 1 1 • IB'S “ 151 BIS" - *8 y & itiS » * 1- 1 1 1« l i i M i ip 1 1 1 IS 1 1 II 1 II Mill 1 11 1 1 I $ “*3S ■* r? l l iga i*S“ *3318 IMS* 8*3“ “S“ I il J J . M i is “8“ Mill 1 l 1 1 1 5'“ “ 1 1 1 11 i il g a a^aa S 5 32s '3 3*883 < Ip • ■§|*8 1 3 a a 1 'S' i 1 1 1 1 i i igi i Mill II 1 II 1 II II Mill ip 1 | !sgs? 8883* 91883 hVn $5388 igiaa H* C? sasss H | | “MS 1 1 1 1 1 “3“ “MS • “fll Mail Mill fjiiJi 2 S 2 i i 1 1 1 1 13 1 'IS." p ii ii IP 1 It II M 1 1 igas T! | | S»8»3 110 315 1,045 747 1,384 33385 1 *8|8 PR$*S 8388$ | 1 1***8 iau« i«SI 1 133'* MIPS *85“ IS 1 1 1 ] 4 j J a a l5?|^ i a a i_ ■**88 *88* 1 •IB'S •S'88 8*8*1 ,?m »? J 1 S 5»3S9 1 * 3 iw»a 5SS 1 1 MT SIS" IP MS i i] : ; 1 1 m*s* rs»8 PSgP | 1 1 is® *15" aaigrt H l l!Pss? ®Sgi« 33883 H a>Sr 8*38$ 3*3*3 S • if , ] 8 | 5*88| S58|6 88883 88388 M* e49 2,230 3,717 234 SS8IS r-T H |3p'r ’A III 1 3 8 3 8*383 i\ g 3 H 8? 358*8 88888 igaag 3SSF oT« 33339 §hss l |i| , 1 3 a 33338 3 s - - -a S«S3 it?.!?- S?!s IP! IP! I a §ss*§ ssas.g sjaas §*sss sssss §»s*a I I ml Fi! isiii m m im HIGHER INSTITUTIONS ISMS I ^ 15$ I '-a" 13 -pi lass i ssm 13 SSSr ***** R» saaR* »i«sa s»aas s* RiRIR <$1*3 sll$3 1 1 3 ig l§ 'I 155 1 1 1 i§s 11 § I I I I I'l 8g I I III I 3 1 lg* 11 Mill I I Ijes gs R 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 1 13 113 » I lH 1 1 1 8*»ig l'*3P I IS I I I 83SSR S' M 1 I MR I JS22S R55*i §§22S rT 92222 22313 1111 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I I I I I 3 S3 Mil I l I IS II •as 1 saisa s* 1 till Mill II *3333 S3 CM* r,* H II n I 1 II M II II IS | I I II II %m§ sa I 'S' W >« S • 151 n*w «2 a | IS I Rglrtt; 34 I I SR 13 ER222 R«SRI aa*9$ 22 9 839RR 2229? §§£Ra £3 CM* H* rt* S' 3ss£§ S *33 1 23322 RRI n«HH« H* H H>* RSSSf S£§SS 82933 R§ MVnVrt‘ «VnV h* i i 1 . i ! 1 » '33' 8538S' S3 8 I 1 1 1 i : i 1 1 1 8'5'3 s* 1 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sllll 1 1 Hal1 ISIS§ 1 igsts §" « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "'Mil 1 1 3a33p 18*38 §S£SS 53 CO 1 1 1 ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 "Mil 1 1 sssfs* 's^aa !«9S* 9* s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 1 1 1 1 : 1 5*638 '3»*a 8*93* S3 1 1 1 : ; . i 1 1 i 1 Mill 1 1 *33*$ ISIgS 1 '8*8 Si 1 1 1 . ! | 1 i t Mill 11 Mri r-T '5*13 39833 r-T 3* a 1 1 ; : 1 1 1 1 1 1 a 11 1 1 1 1 isas? 1 "I1 8853* g* • 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i '83J •3 S" i 1 1 1 l^l Mill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mill 1 1 1,963 1,101 646 199 365 11 '9' a '35' •3 1 1 1 I i 1 1 1 1 1 gl*M 1 £ 1 133 1 " "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 1 38389 iSSjlj 6*535 Is ft 1 ! \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g |g IjS as 2*839 730 2,100 917 JW* 31389 IS Mri «-: £ S33IS 88338 aia'5 si* IIIS3 "§?i 38589 SI ' 8 s aa*6s 300 485 59 217 350 83338 36 7,965 2,172 KS 1,844 gr?-! 5s?!! 5-5- 3 as $88 83*35 £5833 sg mu S'35 h“ 893K9 38 § as«G8 300 485 59 217 354 337 412 473 840 615 gs 83858 83838 3gg§3 §3 ao rCoT uyri « <*7M M nn« 1>M 1 85*88 83*33 S5839 15 I J i i ! I 1 s 1 S I I I I m I 1 I ! ! * s 1 i 234 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 ir || 3 3 irr i i i i i i rH^ 1 i i r 12 H 1 |H 1 1 1 i^sc 1 ter's 1 ^ | | CO, | IS 52^ 0"0 00 t-' 1 1 01 IRS 1 V4 ■- 1 * * H i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i 1 ! . 1 1 I 1 15 1 H 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 lif l§ 3***3 STSSSJ R38SS 'Stax® SSSIR »»35* if; | 5? 3 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 1 i r i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ter's tZ 77 1 3 2 1 1 i"-' i i i r ra i i rs i i 1^,15 1 ^ r 11 1 1 1 1 1 -;si | II 1 1 1 is i S25 1 '* 1 1 155 CJQCVOH nr lif P £ 1 3RS i mgs SS “ 12 IS 132 ^ * rr« r ra - : Doc¬ tor's 1 P3 1 1 1 15 i ii i i i rH^ i r r 1 1 12 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 5 1 ml 1 1 is § £§> 5 1^15 o\H | 10>0 rss^ 3'°8'°5 I 133 1 5S5 1 1 SH53 1 •si! 1 p1 ^ 1 1 1 1” wm i i rH ii i r 1 US 1 1 ! II 1 1 M2 i 1 H 15 gM2S2 aa^sg **9*B 3*3 is R25§£ il' 1 II iris 1 1 r i i rn^ lHH IS IS |f 1 3 r 1 1 5 l^i” 1 if i P. C*\ 0^ srs^g ^HO,35 3SS83 f»x* «5§> 1 1 2MS2^ SS C- l> «iQ5SS 3*138 8*5** hsr is ir as x*§ti *aasa 88338 538** s-s°g O O' rH rH £ Doc- 71777 1 1 1 IS 1 1 r j 1 ISS^ r® r “ r2 1 * rH 1 H l^i 1 1 if II 2 I53S ssg-s « 123^ STS“2 5 is r 1 = a a »A ^ rT 552 IS S2S33 *§3** S,T **3*9 533'* I i ! P. I> o S'***! S3R3S: °R«P° 3S8** si*r ^ 0 c- < r 3531* , li iris ii r i i rss r* ts “'S^S 1 2 I5H 1 3 Ig" 1 s « ' . w - 5 si S-'giR^ «M»835 m** *8*3* g5g»a -H|2- Il 1 - ss ■\ . f it / J J] J Ilf HI 103 10 162 127 1,846 S2RSS 53838 §S2S3 S-S55 25§R5 R22I2 iH; ill 3*888 3**38 137 327 1,946 795 602 I3S53 238SS H 838*8 8*385 jffi SI II 11 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 235 | | Mill II II | H i 1 48 12 5 16 1 1 1 IS M-SM" K 1 1 1" 1 H 1 1 1 1 II II 1 H i 1 S538* 27 19 169 63 56 213 40 1 •Mil R" I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mill i ri i 1 1 1 1 1 1 8RSSS ■M ISM 53" 8" O" g ggsga fc 1 MS s hM',I 1 1 1 1 1 1! 1" 1 R 1 1 45 23 16 6 1 1- 1 1 3 7 19 7 5 R" 1 ll"S 1 Mill II II 1 i i 1 22"s§ 18 54 61 71 360 SR § 60 29 4 10 II 1 II II IS 1 S 1 1 S*»5» 11" IS srsas 199 17 " IsSSS 1 1 Kg 1 3^8* g” 3 1,177 406 365 795 211 '33J® 530 107 g 41 18 3 21 ii ii i 1 II"" § 1 i 145 17 27 109 6 1 75 U •RSI3S 3” « 161 69 5 45 35 S MS 1 27 63 3 76 62 "" a 8**8* 61 83 27 168 5« * II II 1 II IS" S1 i *3*81 6 3 75 73 assss 425 35 - 770 "T" 282 175 2P Sl^l or 2iss3 634 101 | 163 247 147 418 708 8388E 1,219 ^ 160 s 591046 0 - 44 - 16 236 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 ^13 u 1 1 1 1 1 ri?i II II 1 II" II 24 60 19 57 47 3 IS 1 1 I8S 1 1 IS II 1 22 57 64 10 1 l“"° 1 HIM 1 1 M 1 1 M II 1 138 1 MM3 1 McU 11*11 5 1113 Mill O |» | UJ 1 1 1 8 1 1 l£H I II II 1 MS 1 1 S'f’S 1 1 11^1 "Ml 1 II II I I MH I 1 1 1 1 H H 1 1 M II 1 1-1 II lull 1 M M I 1 1 CO | I I * M II 1 M II i »S» i 1 IS IS 2/299 5 18 11 IIS II 113 1 1 3 MS II IMS! II 1 II 5 II II 1 M II H lri 1 M II 1 M II MS 1 1 !£5 15 1 1181 *1*11 1 13 II l%H 1 16 11 7 1 1 In 1 3 IS II '“Mil P3H 1 353 1 1 111*1 134 15 1 5 II II US 1 1 MH 1 1 1 1 1^1 "Mil 1 M 1 1 MS 1 1 M °* 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 M II Mill 1 M 1 1 IIS 1 1 HIM 1 I I IS II 18 1 II II 1 1 18 II Mill Mill 1 1 1 1 1 w i i.i i M M 1 1 II II Mill IUII '“INI S3 1 I! 1 II II 1 MM 1 I'001 1 21 1 10 2 1 MS 1 "Mil 1 II II SSPSg 149 57 27 38 40 26 141 93 ass is 33$ 15 1 1 lHH 1 Mill 1 11“' 1 S M II 1 1^1 I 3*33 1 1 5332 M ig* 171 73 1! SMI 1 IS58S 380 11 149 170 6 5 M 115 S*S 1 1 ISS38 127 116 * IS M 23 1 24 19 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 237 h ii i"' 1 1 1 1 1 i 3 IS3H 3S5 I I 4 K * iw 3 14 4 M i: is h"* I °\l 8" r ih I ! JA- n • i" 83#i§d rt 4 I I" I I S-SI I »”*3* I S»»3« 1 i i 3d l w I I O' nO h i a i d 44 I 34 dl H III I I !H I S I III"' lHdi§ 83 ?ra i s sir; a «s 443 $dSR3 £3 413d 38 Mil II I I I I II 3 I dd 33 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I S 3d I I I I I I I l&ags 3K I I I | 8^8 *" 3“ si 1 II! Hi Hi 238 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 ft II s IP - 1! i?ii ii1 m ip ! SI IP IP IP i * * II" M 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 °* 1 1 1 1 llH Id-'® l H 1 II 1 ii^ii s g cv co (N (*\ | | r>r\r> l'°rtSH g^r-ovo, I8MS 1 >0 CM | .H " IR** | R R 1 1 1 1 1 II II l II MR 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 H*ri 1 1 1 1 1 llH II 6,368 6,343 a^a O' o ^ co 3*4S* ■"SRKS r> »H rH § 4 R ^o RSSj^S S S 1 1 1 1 1 i i i l l 1 1 * 1 .1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1" 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1 § § i i i""" i i i l i 1 IS 1 1 Th lri i^ri sri i II II 1 5 1 NHrj'OO 1 1 lHd ^hS 1 1 348 M i rr sssna nr a a 3"S*2 i-ssg &SR 1 1 3S? IS IS&8SI .3*3®* »°m i a « « II 1 IS Mill 1 10"*0* IMP* HMI MM 1 -* i^" i s a ,4ri^ c* | | r\ oi MS4R PMsMR a irr i sna i i a i S4H p g i i i i i mnlH I 1 1 U" "1114 "Mil HIM I IS" 1 1 i 3 l583 2£4£& 4S4*S a'ssS 3*pa$ PSSfPK 3 3 I! " 1 “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 IR4-3 1 '*** 1 S IS^S 1 a is i i • IS" 1 3,958 | »*335 dS£!QS 'R®5§ S-Si i- R 1855* 3 r- 3 a*»*a 434*3 i*38s 8®a®H c'SSMg 20,782 8 5«58i| S**5S •8853 S38®5 3*585 E E HIM him 1 1844 ""a r a ms i 4 IS 1 1 " 1^ IS, 3 oT I c? " 144$ “RPR* 83433 5 138 1 3 d-si 1 .3 E «» *>**8 H* «RRH« PS3S4 •:'af 243SS R-B 1 ^ 3 00* | *"**8 *®3S8 aaS** 3'S|* 3*S*5 3*8'* 1 3 S $ 1 1 " ig him 1 l§85 "^S IS asss i SUM S Id" 1 S 1 vO *"**8 sssss ®*335 PSgSP *8®88 sas-s ^■8** § a 3 a 3*353 p £SPP§ S3S38 83855 ®"85* E*$83 28,816 28,099 458 24 237 301 2,730 Sagas 58183 o? 38SS3 166 501 714 1,724 450 SS£®P 8*585 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 240 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 II! 5 81 °*;i 3“ k ll i! n I if 11 1 I * «f 1 I 1 lH 1 1 1 1 1 | H 1 MS 1 M IS l Mill 1 M 1 1 3hmm9 1 1 MS RSSSR » MR r MS-1 Mill s Msa | s s H i i r II'"' 1 II 1 M II M 1 1 M II I 3 ^ 11 ,i? 1115“ 1 IRS 1 II 1 15 ii i* i 1 Mil RIIM | a a i 1 1 1© Mill Mill * M M 1 Mg 1 * 1 R 1 1 1 M 1 1 SI 152 146 4 17 1 1 1 1 Td II 1 1 1 I eo'D 1 1 M II Kill! 1 S $ 1 I1''"'0' H 1 1 I 1 115 1 1 ""III 1 Mil rtIIM Mill | sr » ii i r 1 1 1 1 1 115 II II* M II M 1 HMI 1 ,11* M i Mill. ii a ii 1.1 R IS I;' 'S' 3 IS II MS 1 1 | hs i iim'° II II 1 In II £ M^ll '"S' II 1 II Sill! | a a i m— ' itrri Mt ii 1 M M 1 1 IS* "Mil 1 M M 1 I'S 1 is*g 1 1 IKS 1*3 1 1 1 SR 14 "T 4 1 ” 1 1 1 IK II JU1"^ II I'lR MSI 1 •5°'CT' 1 1 II 13 1 S IS II ^ II M i £ £ 1 1 1- 1 1 1*8 I -R- | 3hh 1 1 l l:isi a 1 5 m 5 1 1 II S 80 80 14 1 II 1 II MS II Mill 1 i M 1 M3M 1 S § 1 MH 1 II 1 II MS II Mill 11 Ml - M II 1 II II 1 E S i i "R II II 1 II II 1 1 M II 1 1 S' 1 1 IMIS II II 1 1 1 IS 1 II II 1 MS Ii Mill II II I i y ^ ^ h M II II 1 1 M II H II II Mill II II 1 I 1 Oi I 1 1 b S 5 1 1 1 1 111*1 i m l “III! M3 1 Ii 1 M II 1 1 O' 1 CM i ^ d|niH H ii r 1 MS 3 “ IS I I ^ MS 1 Mill ' Jy 1 | 5 S-SSS s«ri ia RMSI SRS33 3*21* 5 *? $i H 8 till” * ii ii i IMM M-' II 1 1 M 1 ‘MSI 1 1 11 II 3 §hr « I--- a c? oT 1 1 IRS 335S 1 ISSS5 SI Ml g IS II 11^1 I * 3 a-*** I IK4g 3®S> 1 isssa 1 1 ISM §IPM 1 1 M3 f •* " g g g R-SSK 1 ISRR i I8SS3 - 1 l«8 51313 5 1 M3 :3 *f*S| ,:lii ISIii Ill ' 5 I8S‘ " |-* 313 I I0' CM CO | IS I " 1 1 ? 1 1 : i 1 1 i i 3 I 4 I '3*33* § £ I I” I I gsJSSjl I R»«33 1 83333 I 1 1 1 I IS ft I cm I CM " I * I I I I I I H i 3 I I I 13 I I I 3d I I 3ft I I ^ I I R"' I I II II r 3" 3 I H I £ I £ I d c3 I ft I I I I I I i a i sg i fsssss §a in i i i i i “i 1 1 1 d i ■'as §8 335 133 §£ 3S3 3”3«d F±3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I rt 1 3-°«d -'S' ^33 I Mill I I I I I III I I I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I ft IS^rtS £8 1*3 lg8S3 KK 3 |ri|1' I IS'"®0' 3! TABLE 39-1 242 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 S f! *1 i •a PI W) co ill 1 G G 03 O -H 0) 2 • §• 1 i! s! if if JS gg |S h l§ I I I I I I I IS' III"' lrt"“A I I II I I 18 I I I II £££ 3 | «N |, w I II I I I I I I I I I'* I 33SKS *S$3§ i i i i i. iriri i inh i §£££$ I I I I I Mill I 1-1 I I I- II 1 1 I- I" H|| | | i I I I I I I II I 1“ I I la i i i i i is 1111$ I SIS if io^acn so 8 i $"$33 1^3^$ 338SI £$ £ 1 $ IS^dS |Ep I S3 I I I I lH I II CT'°'3 I I IT i r a i I"' 1 1 a I <3 nt0 I •S$3$ 8 *3**1 I 1 35 I $‘ I I i iH i i nil i i ihh $H$8$ a$^£ I " I H S C' | CM >n | | | | | | ISggj $$g$3 £S$$$ iriR i i ri i i$|rts is ^ss i am ©"'aSfc £e&$3£ 3Sj$$3 rsss H 9*888 O? £3§g§ 88*88 sssas urn mu nm 8!: 5E3S3 H 8®8«9 mu IS I I r I I ISS8 1 Hr~ 1 3 Ig®* I 3 I 4 1 I g-'SlSjR rtEisJgg SSjgrtd IgtfS*' mu H g£$$a 8**89 5® 838 *8888 338*8 88883 l'°§£3 >8388 3R8*i 1 1 1 !B 3 i$ss III"'! IS** 'S is ■« ; ^ is i i $£33 S$g$S s i ££g$& g$g£3 Sg$$S 338** *!§£- £'88* **S»8 $sg$£ SNU jiill lit iilfs ®i 11 Si! fsim o»'8“| SSsbs ■g .^■3'S sill! 3111! Ill, =!^ ill \ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 243 I ! ^iri 1 II 1 1 1 1 II 1 *■ 1 g 3 32 6 27 17 12 10 lll^ 3 1 8 , |HH j II 1 II M 1 II II 1 1 1 8 37 31 184 159 28 88S£3 45 22 232 77 63 239 53 !- i 1 1 1 ! Mill 1 I 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 II H 1 1 1 1 1 35 II I II II I * lH* 1 1 ! 5 - MM! E3SMS3 3 118 1 JJJCJ Oi JjrjH 3 1 $ riiH 383SS £ IIP 1 S5883 3 ■ s ^ !>aH 1 1 Mill II 1 II 3 1 3 5 l“ TABLE 40- Degrees conferred by land-grant institutions, 1940-1941 - Continued 244 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 , H | | | CM r- M 1 H 1 i in : i i i i i i | Hen ir\ tO CM CM 1 vO s* 1 I ^ H w-N H I CM vO | 1 CM tM CM CM CM Q vf 1 O 00 1 CM »r\ CM ^>>0 C- 1 CM CM 1 79 90 nil I First degrees Wom¬ en O sr\ H 1 1 1" lll"l 10 5 1 II 1" 1 i ri i , I Men 0s Nt PI 1 1 Si IMP0' IIMI II 113 II IP I iip ii Nurs¬ ing saaaSap q-SUTj Women to 1 1 1 IS II II 1 1 Ml 1 '*1“-'* 127 10 38 £ First degrees Wom¬ en 1 1 ' *" II 1 | HCO || ^ IP" 1 II PM H n i Men vO sT I 1 'Mill IIP II ^ I P- 1 i r " i H M I" © C •P © Wom¬ en j j j CM II II 1 | j to 1 | | CO CM | o i i m i i r ii l s ^ u Men II IPS II IIP IIS II IMIS ii is i 30 93 Library science First degrees Women cm ! 1 I l<; II II 1 ii § ii r«i i $ ^ ii is i 11 M 1 5 © -P © © © Wom¬ en l l 1 lH 1 1 lH" r" i i ih i r m i" i II II fcl _g Men 3 i 18 33 • 1 I iRd IPS li IPR irt ii i«? i 36. 45 Jour¬ nalism © -P © £ £ Worn- O j j CM CM OJ II 1 13 | CM CM | j O CO t> J j ii ii i vO | CO H j £|? Men s: Cm 6 15 li 30 rs i i p^p i i i i i i i i i i i i 121 13 5 © to s t £ £ Wom¬ en CO CM | | II 11 1 rp 11 nil ii n CM 1 O 1 CM £ 3 S| Men [> CM 1 I'* IP 1 1 CM 1 1 ihp ii riii ii n 2 12 2 A* First degrees Wom¬ en CM 1 1 1 1" II II 1 in i ii ii i ii ii i Mill Q -H Men CM 1II1S II II 1 MS II IMIS ii ip i 1 IP! 1 © if Wom¬ en P 'Mill II lH 1 i n i i ii ii HH ii i 1! " 1! 1 1 Men CM .Mill II r 1 43 16 15 17 II" 1 1 (Q o •H s,joq.ooa 1 CM Mil01 II II 1 MM" II II 1 II II 1 Mill 1 s.ja^seH 1 CM Mil" II llH | j rwo< p™"' I-1 i rt'i ^ r ii © 1 First degrees Women ° 5 1 P3S $8°' | & to O CM t> t/N CO CM r*" O' H sJ(M CM r CM CM P^P H 29 166 128 24 28 71 15 23 s ,aoq.ooQ 1 R INI'* II II 1 ir',i ihh ii III”! P 1® 11 © 3? s,jaq.sen 1 S vn | >ACM ia cm 1 vO iAH CM 1 CM CM if\ nO | CM ^ ii 55 266 38 107 85 16 39 ! M3 1 204 80 O Q in 4» E g 5| © Women cm O sO CM CM CM 6Tt 74 19 165 51 144 92 199 15 97 I 1 ISP CM 146 169 5 7 © ® © w Eh 1 1 © TJ G © p srapa ; st } CM to vO HI ^ CM a 76 107 33 32 29 48 l 153 97 49 47 13 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 245 I I I I I I H a i i £ k as i i ££ i i 4 £ IS I" I ^ I I 3^ I I I II II I I I I I I HCO S I l J ^ ' '§ 15 3 1 I I I I I I I I II I I £ I I ° I I I “ * i i a i i £ i i i i i i i I I 3 I I'M I I I I H I I I ii^i i >in i i i : i i^ a 13; S3 i>i i >m r i i i 1. 1 ih i '“i l'*8N I 8£SS I I I 1^3 * I ISR I- I IP! srias assss i i i § i ss i as s$i H US 3S&K5 sj 246 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 247 R . i" ' SRPgg 5-pp i ' ! : i ”iii, RP i ! i ,1 3PIS3 *-1°* *| i I • ! I i I l"l i r'® I pspa i i i i l i i RP I S3 P^PR- III.! i ! i : ! ?'iHi , 33-3*’' RPRSS I i I gasps 3 I *p~s '■ mss 3 i "S I pgpgs RRgRg PI-PI si*r **&& ***&$ I ! i I I I lH IS I IPS! •ssai 1 1 1 ; i -!!SP 3 I PR I RgRSR ; 1 1 1 i -1-33 - ‘ - R ' PRPpg 1 1 1 Ians ijii: li«n I I I I I I I lH S*- - I I gpgss ■ i i i H RPRPS 3**53 a*9I5 I , H , «x -‘“SPR P3-£3 SSS8R ST , !H I" PPPRR 33«35 833|R §p 3 8» ss #p ** s* s S P3 ap lll!l III!. PP^PS P I " ! °l I I I ! I I I I I I RR IP I I I I II II >OCM 1 i- r I ! : I II II II II II I ! -I i- °'P -p : I I i II i I II i I II ; I II II I I I I I I PSPS3 RSMKP I I I I I I I I I I 3RPP3 RkMRP PS'-R;* Rg'-R- I I I I I i I III «S*«* Rg^RR I I I I I I I I I I I * loR°P IS c,*"tJ- IP I I I I I II I I I I I II I II I I II S'*-- 1 I- "'l'"''l I I I I I II I I M I. II I I I I I II I I I I I II I I I I I II •PSP^P 8H I I I I I II I I I I I SI RRPP3 Pro --RPR PP Mill II I I I ,ro » , gpppg P” RSS^R RP I I I I I I i 1111“ SI gggpg g* RPgRR 2P 1 1 Jiiii M. is! I * ii m sill; Mi f £*£«£ si iiiii iiiii *•=« ii a iiiU d 11 la I1 i K f§ £« ii n !! Ii I h s_> ii i ii 248 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8- -40 Table 42 --Degrees conferred by land-grant Degrees professional schools and in pro- Bngiaeering Fine arts Rene economics Bac belor ' s and first professional Master's Doctor' s Bachelor' 9 and first professional Master's1 Total Chem¬ ical Civil Rlec- trical Mechan¬ ical Other Men M and V M and V In d.SIS 1. 118 991 1,287 i, OSS’ 1,413 460 72 98 302 3,(99 1(1 6. 816 1. 118 991 1, 286 2.069 1,418 450 72 98 298 3,220 146 48 47 4 89 j 18 18 18 4 8 19 2 14 It 2 88 171 68 21 2 19 182 68 18 88 76 6 20 12 * * If 4* 9 8 12 14 6 4 ’* io "'ii 180 16 67 6 8 9 9 26 2 842 58 68 52 106 74 29 "ii "ii " ' 21 ‘iii . i <06 104 46 114 \9l 61 82 6 167 8 808 66 # 26 68 71 74 16 8 828 141 21 22 82 64 12 4 166 24 It 24 18 17 19 61 f 183 22 6 18 60 88 6 6 20 44 6 U« 28 20 10 66 6 8 46 66 7 13 10 26 1 46 2 a«r * 66 ' ' ii " ’ 64 . 97 iii . 178 . 29 146 44 27 22 62 4 “i’92 . ’2 407 84 62 53 92 126 18 . 6 " "i 109 18 St 9 12 29 16 19 286 66 30 42 66 68 16 1 2 j 16 1 <1 11 4 9 20 17 1 2 8 43 2 82 14 10 22 22 14 1 T 14 87 6 36 4 * 7 22 1 6 it 22 6 14 14 8 4 "ii 36 2 10 22 2 - 34 18 29 217 18 86 27 68 73 16 a162 162 44 20 28 82 33 6 i 16 2 49 260 69 19 21 41 ICO 6 4 106 2 189 29 15 18 46 81 n 2 189 12 117 1* 31 80 41 6 119 17 267 *6 18 69 67 77 16 . 4 128 11 46 7 22 4 12 67 68 12 1 1 12 2fc 48 19 26 28 17 U 7 18 40 69 ' g 12 * * 8 164 88 60 106 2 20 5 g * 62 1 18 2 7 3 27 221 48 19 36 66 68 16 25 4 87 8 16 22 28 21 1 64 64 27 6 7 If 5 8 42 2 236 40 24 48 94 20 18 4 142 14 61 26 7 16 6 .... j 1 8 Total white Ala. Polytechnic Inst. Usiv. of Alaska . Onir. of Arizona . Univ. of Arkansas - Only, of California . . Colorado State Coll. Univ. of Connecticut Onir. of Delaware . . Oniv. of Florida . . . Univ. of Georgia ... Oniv. of Hawaii . . Dnir. of Idaho . Oniv. of Illinois . Pardee University (Ind. ) Iowa State Coll . Kansas State Coll. Oniv. of Kentncky la. State Univ. .. Oniv. of Maine ... Only, of Maryland Oniv. Oniy. Only. State Coll. .. Inst, of Tech. State CoU. .. of Minnesota . State Coll. . . of Missouri . na State Coll. ... of Nebraska . of Nevada . of New Hampshire Rutgers University (N. J.l New Mexico A A M ColL _ Cornell University (N. T. ) M. C. State CoU . N. Dak. Agri. Coll . Ohio State University Okla- A Jr M CoU. _ Oregon State CoU. . . . Penn. State ColL - Univ. of Puerto Rico . Rhode Island State ColL Clemeon Agri. Coll. IS. ( S. Dak. State Coll . Univ. of Tennessee . ARM Coll, of Texas Utah State Agri. ColL ... Univ. of Vermont . Va. Polytechnic Inst . State CoU. of Washington West Virginia University . Institutions for Negroes Total Negro 5& Ala . St. ARM Inst. .. 54 Ark. . . . . A M R N CoU . cfc Del . St. Coll. Colored 5 1 5® Ky . St. Indus. Coll . 5 9 La . Sou. U R A R M ColL . . 60 Md. . Princess Anne ColL ... 4 Miss _ Alcorn ARM CoU . 02 Mo . Lincoln University .... 0 N. C _ Ail CoU. of N. C. . . (A Okla. ... Langston University . . * 8. C... .C N A I.R A R M Coll. & Tesn. ...A R I St. T. Coll. .... Tex . fcairie View St. ColL 68 Va... ’klgbt doctor'* degree* .ere also conferred. 2Inclsdes 47 men in hotel administration. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 249 institutions, 1941-42— Cont inued (Assional departments ia colleges of arts aid sciesces law library science Medicine Music Nnrsing Pharmacy Joirnalism AU other prof esrional Bachelor's aid first professional 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 250 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 £ IS i § 8 s - 883(88 88888 a '883 'SS3' §'§£§ Is* oVhVThV O? g®V~ g{Qg £ gfcf I 5 88888 I8P33 k§»s§ 3S928 §S§§8 3 '8 >8 S'sg i a as' §¥ sss'ss s*'s¥s 2'2'Sg'i ®*5'3"s" i »' s s" ■°'® O? CO Oi r4 H | 8 || Mg fag IRS 8,8838 8 »8J8 1 >8Ms §J "8 11 •*' 5 I r: a *■ *8 "a §g3£! ” S 8 H 5 K 3 8 I a 3Sa's 18888 3s§SS 83888 ssssS 83338 3S$3? i t at i am am am awi *a*i few $ R H“ H* 3 8 SssSs psssS 38388 Ss'Ss 83 >88 a '£'§. £“£•>£ § g 3v'cr8v rjj '»■“« w"p s s * a as a 3 3 »: s 5 * 8 3 {« §$g§3 '88333 §!*33 883S3 '2S83 K3*K*8| SRSRS £*dg* 8§|£g $f g|g sVaSS 3S&;* 83333 88881 "Ha as'!? a >383 83838 .O-VcW ®i jj*» |0 H jfrfcf g 8 3 S'£" '"15 'sll! m 13 * i * *' S8 S g 8 SSS39 5SISS 3S23I s' s ?>¥¥* s'shS mil | £ ^ h «**«“ 8 I 38338 88888 §3313 3 8 3*W 38W S8W I »" I I 8*338 §3833 S8833 g g a *'“§ »“?;fa?a g£aa* §3883 ii¥i 83838 §isii 33sss 3**33* i i i i§ §8 i i i I®'*' 8 a * i 388S3 js§sgs § pi piii saw 8S333 S13S3 §3383 am saw saw 33§§S §3353 8*388 ssVsu ga'jpR g s ggg§§ 31583 33383 s' s' rg‘83 g'*Ss3i i$&M i * SSSSS aSSSS »5sSS sails ass's's" lissi Pi*i i*i$* r r r ~r S S Ills'* ?3§83 SISsS sSSSS » i h‘§>¥ ssW ssggs sisss r-Tc^N O' f-T f-T c*C c xT oT HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 251 591046 0 - 44 - 17 252 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 I ill il ft 4i $ 3 "881 '*igS5 I83S8 l'S8§ 33 'g ' g'SSS 3383' a i H"Jg i r ~ a- gR'r' i -f S s S 'S3© SI3SS S'333 3'sls ' S 1 S3 81'§g s' '8' S s' S 383 RS'3S iS * SIS § s'K'l I s'”' S8 S3 * 8 i a as " 1 1| aS'sS I'ISS I'l" " '88 gg ig§ i i igi '3 1 S l» H *' s'a'S s' s' 5” s8 I® I • 8 ^ 3 3 sas^s asgis hsss mn% sssss sassa §§8§s s | «'s's s la's'll Hip s's'ill R's'ii*' is'H'i as'sii 8 a £8383 8"ss gsssg sggg i §8 113 sgigj g§se§ § £ £ hV ^erss ^jss” "V £ a” sY £ | | $*§*§ Hill |i|l| mi! !s|H s S s's'a's'l s's'a'ss Raass ggW 3 ggs gsgs'g «#i 3 a' 3 S 3t«3s >8»S3 S8I8s "183 83 '§2 S'Sss SIS » - or *v-„vg- ~vs-s- 8-jgp- Saa as" gV s' -'“'a r'g's" |3 sn^n 1 1 m 1 1 1 s i s“ « * £ " 1 1 i 'I §9' 1 * igigi i i$ * i § « g&ggg §s$ga ggggs gasss i § *Wtf sM 3S3IS sbs>"£ s sp §>ps 33333' »Q CO H >AC\| M H H >t H '5»' sWs'l s»»; s»»; sllsi p'ss'a sills JJ rt « H H ^ HH cTiH HrlCO'J'i CV CM r-l CM rH -t O' m§ i1 £Sa“ « gpsa 5 H H IS1 >1 . . . PI * R 8 a a 81338 H1H sssss 3* §W® 53W £$838 H oT s'S§2 I3§88 83333 18 8 ^R -r «8 - 83838 §§p3* SIpIs ss saw ma &iii f mn '§m ssnaa s> g^sgst a a* § S-'-l a s "'§ ggggg II S' ">‘3'S* g Ig I 3 I I I I I I I I I U § I 3 H* a * k '«« '« a rr ss i ' is «i » §§ i I -a 3 *»83' 'll11 '3'§i §i i *i i r $a 8 SS888 £ss§S 8388$ IS s «*W “'r- »M £a‘ § 33388 Ig'g' 1 1 m 8 a ^ r " ~ * p 3»§gi i3sa? ss P hVo\?«H. H^O.-H gJW a i sg i § ii i i i i 1 13 I I g d I I l| 8 ! IS t I I I i I § I R " rt * 2 issiis §§saa "§H§a ss 8 «'*»E*p Sa'**"* s"S®i'E* 32 Ol I 88368 f8SS8 3383* SI £ ttJWSR JtRSrt^ PS 8 ! " i h gi is i I igi 1 gi s l«pe ««* 3.SSH g SS-SS SiTRR 3S5S3K sSrsp SS3S8 ?R3SS 23 sssfts ss'ssa; sWfs §3 PNHHNH rH HH C"\ 8S2S8 s§3SS ISSS2 g§ sssla sss's's aWss' as rH rH pills 3338$ 88883 Is SSSVS wVrt!3* S^g* 3S: past P.SM sa.SAS ss I3K3« §33?s aSSSS *3 r-T M rJ sa^ip §§§ai assas gg Hiii eWsi |i 3 »s»rs saRsa ssssp as >r\ rH H H m >r> r-Tn / . Va. Polytechnic Inst . State Coll, of Washington . West Virginia University .. Univ. of Wisconsin . Univ. of Wyoming . TOTAL White i f i ! i i i i i ! \ \ ! IS &| §i§3§ §!3i i Sg I IS ^ s" s' “ K §!§SI §1111 Sli!§ §§ - -Tjq o ^oT S' SS8S* £s§£3 sSsss 3£ sgVig HHs SS^g gg mu am saass a 33ISS 3EIS_g i \m. R* mn \m* sss*? s£ c>oTco'vo' ■R ■'£' ®S5II 11*11 I ISM I ii * w\m g- Ss ! 81$ H3§? ?£*£§" * mm 33s§§ m f dRSrta d»S8S £« &S8SS R5Q33S 38**8 “s»ss S° SS333 gg§|g 8S SSSR*" R^SSS RR %3I§I H' 3 Ii § SISIs SJ*f"Rfi iaSSS 3§85i £s Sd^SR SSRdR R« a u i 1 5 i *!.i IP :°--i S33£-i li! 256 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 ii! 1 ii ii III I V-i ii ui 5 is is' 525= s «V- 12 sisii El 5=55 i H ~rs i 5' 255 is sv s's 11 ;;!ss 51 ;;s'2s‘ ills :s=s 5I2E 5 Hs's' - sill I Hi- 52=55 s isss 5'is'sH 3S: ii 552=5 5«Si 5121s 51511 sisEi Hiss! ss 55555 55555 55 15515 5V-‘“S 5 :iss 5=2 5 ills 5 ”==- 15 i ii 2=Hss 5; "S i iS = V=ES 2" 15=15 Ills- ='"511 SIS*' ill 55515 55155 SSSSS 5 ills 25=51 §2 5 iSSS 555=5 5= i 35255 =v"s5 :2255 is'sss Bliss =22 5=5 s=s 55251 i i™ E2 -r'f 5 — ii 5 i= i ‘ £ i :5 ill is is® 55322 Vm««m sisss 55=25 ==151 52115 25=51 12=22 is is is si 1=2 55111 25 525 55225 52 22525 35252 -• m* ills! “11=1 •alls sails all'll Ill'll 51=11 laaal 5a lisas I's'i'll si ft s-552 s s"i 521=5 2=2=1 55=55 2S2S "'= = = =' -Sjsis =1225 55 saws «5« ss ll 55221 B22=s 25512 555=5 Hliss 5B25I Is "223 2SH52 5*252 55551 afeu 2*Sss 5s' 4 25151 22252 552=2* =5222 25525 25555 52535 22522 25222 22255 22 55252 22555 55 -M«o' -- MM --O'®-* MMo'-'» V® « ^nn.'n 00- : : * i i - : : : o te Coll 11. IS. 11. ... exas . Coll. Inst. ashing iversi in . . . State I'niyersi A A M Call. . >d State Coll. State Coll. . of Puerto Ric ill Universi State Coll ik. Agri. Co • Island Sta ion Agri. Co ik. State Co of Tenness 1 Coll, of T State Agri. of Vermont ’olytechnic ■ Coll, of V Virginia Un of Wiscons of Wyoming ir: iliii Rhode Clems S. Da Univ. A A Utah Univ Va. State West Univ Univ 5 1 f : - ■ 8 ^ ^ ^ 5 1 : i :§ : i : :SSS 3 : : : : : :§££ - : : 2 iilil Sii i : : i : i \iH " i i 8 Si 5 lilli S is 2® §88§S S* s' s' s' 8 s’ s' is' s’ s’ 6 2 5 6' S' 68 1 s’ 1® i :H :2 il i £332 32 6 s sssR- sSsss saSaS ii “ 2V3 8 I i88'S9 rsii i ; ii i iisi 1 : 1 : S : 1 s’ 2 : ili *5 is : : : ; i : ci : :~-o « E 1 15*51 15555 inn si s:xs: ssass ssssi ss | 808 ‘08V sSsiS Uiiz 55551 Ss **:£* izzs-' 5-SES S s L^i! : : : : : I : :® : : ii is si 8 i SS5S8 Iliii Elis® El 5'S“'5S' 2’2’2'5'S' 5'z's's's 22 i i issis SsSIs 55:55 B 55=55' =5*55 »«=i~ is Total Negro . 1 : “is* i :l id 3““S: :!i| |:rj sc l-E sSIll :I; “ti: it iS -S :.s ^ Zilzs siizi r* BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 * 6 t i i p R i s $ 3 5 r vO s 3 i i p o i 3 $ § i 3 8 * ssp.a psp. S3.P. P.tP. tips @ a 333?$ saps * §ga sup ms§ £ oT Hi jhVTh Hr? ^ I Hits asas? 8*8313 SS3S5 HISS E&8I3 rs | sassl $£{&£ s hi « iiiii imii gg l> 'O hIh ^rl H tN hIh H rH <*> H h)o| H 3 SSSss 833S3 ssagg SiaSE *S|gg gasgg Sg 8 i'3's'a'f p## sssis UUi ssssi S'" R‘§ CTJ r-l CM CM C*> rH a saaea *i«gi aaasi nia1 sms aim s§ 8 " 3RS 3-“”K “s'sCsfS KS) »'p"gR Sv' »S gs" 8 sSSSS 32SSI ISSSs SS3s* g?3IS 8SSS8 §S a I'a'r'i *m$ sap's sP's's a's's's'a §s£s# ii * ? i«s»? mas- asssi ggisi saais issss si i mu P's'P' sips' sP's's sals* &*W *'*' s isiai »s3sg sS88s sisss sssss asm ss g RSg S33SS 33§"*V gv‘ C^V a isisi sssas «sss sans g'sss ssais as i mti 8‘s**'s'§‘ s'sW sW§s a M ssW as' ft * mm msa mm um §* i ffiiM ssVa® iiiii hh iiiii ii 3 H g S ISsSS SISpS 3SSSg SISSs §H£3 §8131 pS i E ssasg swssgs ss'ggg sVgs'g ssgsi gsg«s gsC | » 3 3 sSSSS 3SSSS sSSSs a «" g'ap siW i»»; ^ ^ „ .-.HH HH CMrM HHCMH HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 259 15$ Ispss ssssa a5’ &*' $»>'? ss'sg £m$ i ssi «sa« *asi5 assas si gn gg'asi aWs] gas's? M I SPSS'S ISS'8 sissa S3 8 Hi ^ iH i ixiii is * gg*** ISSl'S ES8S8 3 ss>s » sgs 5 sgwg is I* 1 I83S8 33S8S §3 g issssf a as sTga^a as* P 'SHI 8ISS! 1 ig§i gs £ a •* •* • * £® s£3 3I3S2 88333 8*338 Ss 3>'S pW SSSS'i Ss'Js'g |S ?SI JsISI 838*2 Sl«sS sa S3>' SS'Sl'g *s'S'Sg **s'S83' SS sSS 3*358 8sgS3 SIEI33 iii iipss Hiii rssjsr *« ass 3331* psp§£ 88853 8* *»' iflip *gag‘s sa>‘ss ss r-\ i-\ r-K r-\ CM i H 8 IIpps gis§§§ ggggS H * S K*5gR SP^SS «S«PP|f si | 8 83885.38338 s$3s§ Is 1 d Sifs^a si^SK ££$££ S3 -H I a %pS|§ 3sa?8 agass ss | ,g\ H c*\ oT >* c* XT ^ u'lP'c-NrwT 1-j -4- -P 8 'S'ga !s!!3 '-'i^ »a ^ « n§ " ^ a i*§p sgH“ §883* S3*g§ 3s 1 11111 . . . fas' iiiii iisii sagas i* 33S g§s!3 SiSag 8SS88 H hr iiip 8&§g iiiii ii m mu s^sis nm sg 8** £g*$3 ®»*8S 6"**S* 3f S8g sgggg 88333 ss gjp §»»; ii£ii iiiii s>‘ >0 (V C\ sf H rH CM -s* H (V H H C*- a 83888 §P8gg §g I ***3$ ****3 saiss S3 3 88888 8*888 88888 38 £ ssfs's* iHH Hi ii 8 88838 88883 38888 §3 g »'s‘**SS' #*'38' 3'S'S'S's' K'S of 1937-38. 2/ Institution did not report salary figures for 1937-38 or 1938-39. U Included with BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 s ? ssm a>*sa ?3*§i s^iia igiss a* 1 1 fiM ii si s' g g ii a jgs' Is's'ls is g a iiase aisss mm ssna s^isg ssssa s* i s' a'g's'a's s's'ls'i Kps's list's a las' ss'a'i'ls e's P CM > ^lr? ^oTh ff f-T Cm's? rl CM* 3 3 Bs*I 35835 3SS83 83383 SSSgg $z r i a>w an* *»wi am *ap a*a ** I 3 8 >838 $83 §' 38885 "385 35835 al»s£ » a * sfsas* ^gsYV ss*7 tfsr^V sv' rV 5 «“ p S 85558 8353S 5S338 3§53$ Hs^: gg s' i i*t'i #*'11 IIP'I Pass' lap's ss'Sss' Is « # g » || igs s"?i $» >88 $g»as 1 >383 nm 3> 8 S' R H'§ * *' * S'S £'#>'«' III a>W s 6 ^ 3 B 35S3B 35385 SS335 §3885 83888 83833 s& 1 I s'#3'?' P's'a'i ®'§'l§'§' aaass lass's av8«a' s'K" s * S I §3358 35383 §5883 55838 88883 38888 H P | R*$sY“ saasp SRsY'^ 33583 spkss sa&ss sv* 2 « 3 I 38338 88888 385*5 88838 8 '813 33835 Is s' s' g'P's's a'g's'3'a s'eW sWs s' lit sM s's § siH 3 3 S'SsS 83835 55383 88383 38358 §8333 s' s' §' P's' Ilia's slag's sis'll P's's'l lias's as | 8 a s assss asssi assis gseas ssasa sisas is i I s'a'a'a's 3'ss'is s's'fii li'ss'l sails' sills' si f^rH •f' ••^rHrHrHrHiHC'irHOiHiH H S s I 3 §8833 38858 33338 35533 53885 53588 3§ I S ma ***** *"§W *«33* a*i** i* i * 3 § 88553*83385 8M8S 58588.33383 & $ gS&S saW s)Ki* 83W a«88X a*W a « O' N r-Tn'oT rl r-T oT r-T H H OD M-} CM r4 CO 5 4 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 261 35S3S s§ ii ip>§ 11W iiiii ii BS2 mu |H iiiii iiiii iiiii i »S§ 53558 SSsSS §pSis H fs ss§¥| H§i$ |s gi i 'fi>§§ 8883$ s§ 8 3 ££$8“ 8* »V a'g^R" £3 sai sasga §§§si ggeig h III Ills'* S*3*|S8 3sW *>' 1 '331 1 1 '38 ISIS® S3 II* «S s'^s'S S's" SS9 S*I3S ?3sS8 ss8$§ S3 8*3'* s?M*l§* PASS’S* &*gH*3* S3 HS SSSsS Sgpgg SS883 IS §£a gWsss* rsssr sfs $83 558$* sssga h las' Isles* *'ls'§'s sells* ss HH H H «f rT §55 §32S£ 58353 55853 $8 iii iiiii *iiii saw ss‘ BSp 553B3 §gssg 33 sg£ pip iiiii iiiii g$ m &3S83 «$a?« ssm is s** iiii i *s*33 «W $* 885 £spp* 88385 8858$ . iiiii i»»; ag «H Orf H H W W H rl 5 5*338 8^855 £2 P *3* ssass £ Rtfif 33 § 8*388 §££§£ 5^*8 S§ 5 $ agV jsgjtssj £ s£§ gif 5 g$pgg §§§'* SsSSs £3 3 s'r^V s“5§ g gsjjRs ££ r-T 8 ' 1 1 1° »• '3J 1 'Is' 85 § £s§S£ 83518 55855 -55 sj sr&jr 5§vs»s as>pg gg § 'll'gTH'S' »5'5 * _* * * *? * r * i i 3 3d oToT «? g §s^ps sgggg 55885 | RJ&f&l 8g”$£ RRSRR ft 5 8888$ §8885 SSj&S 88 r-l f«\ Nf (*\ P? vO'OrH'tC' oj rvl^m ® rn a 'S'SS 'l1 '3 'ip^g 'I S '♦s' * " "•*'* 8 I IIIII IIIII IIIII II 3 38588 85B5S g§!35 I? 8 sWs PURR'S Sl*S'a 53 S 8 83835 ^s2g 85 g asjraa saVss ss 3 i »s'8*ls' aWS Hiss' si I .:■ \nv HH* ylil H 1 1 Iiiii vA HIS! i! f , : ; \ki hm s * •’ !=!-’ J’t!! ,!=-s •■ ! Is 111 iiiii is! i! I ! Hi sill! si! ii j 3laei ^igil SislJ i* 262 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Capital outlay - plant and $75,000 16,696 28,591 165,581 8a, 068 59,076 619,142 124,081 172,3a 369.654 39,865 114,515 1,256,303 1,319,228 267, 595 182,244 104,559 630.654 463,834 2,458,709 411, U7 266,298 1,229,569 134,645 518,871 88,567 204,299 152,856 a6,304 5,960 101,342 352,170 174,322 HI 3 $1,075 23,665 74,797 219,682 27,077 33,597 12,740 32,440 24,785 5,a5 27,028 63,936 56,503 25,006 285,387 22,791 3,750 13,944 321,274 4,481 185,596 11,091 21,054 11,970 10,762 13,194 186,130 15,087 202,204 14,853 Auxiliary enter¬ prises activities O gsstge §|3 gs sssgg sgsgg §£§§§ £*■&}'§' 5'StWs S3SSS' ss's'Sg SsSSS ~ * rH* rtVf H 1 1 1 i ! £ 1 1 I 1' - $2,396,237 250, as 1,476,112 2,080,848 13,034,ai 1,203,607 1,123,941 745,647 2,091,286 2,324,758 1,066,995 1,316,667 8,815,523 4,824,397 4,233,004 2,423,107 2,597,570 4,a6,320 1,433, a7 2,913,835 1,540,196 3,561,131 3,915,582 8,519,437 2,105,909 4,296,451 1,049,054 3,367,787 545,167 1,257,794 3,491,137 662,640 s&s 987,448 Organized activi- ties re¬ lated to instruc¬ tional depart- CO $34,564 40,066 aO,194 1,002,808 17,277 a, 428 123,838 11,920 80,391 603,7a 192,9a 150,554 231,2a 31,461 581,4a 182,568 851,314 92,064 397, 579 65,840 425, 244 1,489 96,350 9,742 12,530 J! !! C" ssssS |s"2Ss" UMi i - $30,461 3,514 40,490 62,198 650,680 23,397 14,793 15,829 37,432 101,030 52,287 38,064 408,756 62,696 115,928 44,263 49,805 131,010 15,843 50,383 23,379 86,906 29,787 255,398 20,633 164,577 15,ia 94,542 35^124 124,632 6,022 127,453 31,872 9,296 separately organized - $1,013,463 41,246 a5,061 793,616 1,255,195 308,437 286,875 21,021 a2,636 926,089 180,774 290,868 614,601 730,243 800,380 498,909 817,175 756,564 207,776 327,297 255,930 675, a6 907,434 1,076,305 999,652 350,877 534, 114 83,755 188,303 597,548 235,509 1,195,772 1,325,557 361,172 ii $429,264 51,331 247,775 265,789 2,013,108 a8,123 114,101 230,291 566,146 43,960 203,084 155,830 1,164, as 925,379 645,366 298,530 463,270 318,584 242,934 250,024 349,324 304,709 473,243 1,509,718 313,780 a3,474 219,382 371,451 101,756 135,773 543,855 128,841 1,195,772 317,668 2a,l62 111 - $647,721 92,071 633,968 512,703 5,843,632 4a, 844 470,868 295,175 823.755 857,001 473,947 544,843 4,608,560 1,763,327 1,728,690 1,119,248 969.756 2,050,583 654,336 1,133,827 599,057 2,194,988 1,761,990 3,463,153 377, M3 1,692,173 279,878 l,ai,124 226,219 540,549 1,160,301 223,619 4,087,841 754, H2 268,594 Oi $116,253 23,390 147,832 109,019 1,292,025 104,5a 94,752 58,0a 101,366 88,113 88,627 89,028 588,076 362,711 205,067 149,156 101,082 490,400 134,525 218,498 8i,ao 574,408 245,897 628,882 45,459 289,113 35,432 196,256 62,742 101,017 656,537 36,422 800,909 80,265 35,472 Land-grant institution - Ala. Polytechnic Inst . Univ. of Alaska . Univ. of Arizona . Univ. of Arkansas 1 / . Univ. of California . Colorado State Coll . Univ. of Connecticut . Univ. of Delaware . Univ. of Florida . Univ. of Georgia 2 / . Univ. of Hawaii . Univ. of Idaho . Univ. of Illinois . Purdue University (Ind.) . Iowa State Coll . Kansas State Coll . * . Univ. of Kentucky . La. State Univ . Univ. of Maine . Univ. of Maryland . Mass. State Coll . Mass. Inst, of Tech . Mich. State Coll . Univ. of Minnesota . Miss. State Coll . Univ. of Missouri . Montana State Coll . Univ. of Nevada . Rutgers University (N. J.) . New Mexico A & M Coll . Cornell University (N. I.) . . N. C. State Coll . N. Dak. Agri. Coll . \ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 263 sag is issss assss as ass' * ?W« «SS3 ss |l7, 000,193 | I2S2S 33333 IS £p!33rt RSSg 0?gssf',? 3 3 3 c\ 2,526,178 488,603 425,413 527,259 102,123 142,379 597,541 225,893 395,779 1,457,604 156,675 195,031 701,934 404,456 180,686 1,824,031 291.711 § ■i * 35215 25882 52333 11 bW §iiW iUii gg .OoTfVso'rH rH /\ rlHWMCS CO* rH s g ■ « ::: 105,670 221,119 13,861 44,843 160,285 49,195 46,113 311,081 14,213 155,553 1,387,018 22.910 A 1 CO *S§Ss Z*m Ssss* IS HSH *s*S"3 882SS 22 1 '! ssasi eiaag g§»5i ga g«gs aasPR sssrss .5 | 231S? 38S£i SSIfg as s>‘as>‘ R'ES'll s'sg'3'3 §S •H rH Ol .-7 ‘K A 294,061 434,933 432,676 733,720 503,881 97,781 344,730 178,486 249,025 1,081,653 173,445 146,217 295,390 349,748 221,354 961,910 162,484 § a slss* IsSSS SeSS* 33 psgs ass'gi 3'eW Is ' £ ■t isiis asssa gaegs is Ss'S'a's' g*sS§ s'S^'S”' 3* 8 i A Ohio SUte Univ . Ok la. A & M Coll . Oregon State Coll . Penn. State Coll . Univ. of Puerto Rico . Rhode Island SUte Coll . Clemson Agrl. Coll. (S. C.) . S. Dak. SUte Coll . A & M Coll, of Texas . Utah SUte Agri. Coll . Univ. of Vermont 2/ . Va. Polytechnic Inst . State Coll, of Washington . West Virginia University . Univ. of Wisconsin . Univ. of Wyoming . TOTAL White §3111 8«!§3 a a s’" a S5838 $S *$( i§a!i si isi 3 ~ * i ill! *8 88332 SS852 3W3$g ggsls SI sggsg - ^ IsSss S5§«5 *'^33 §i*$$ 28822 28 :i as" I23U3 ss * 88133 i 1181 i i 83332 SSSV® 81828 steals 88828 i-i Oi oi <*\ v\ §£3Ss .oWvwT §883$ 83 81188 -s 181 12 3 ISI82 13 ! i i li ! i i i ! ! i i i ! ! ! 5§S82 2223SS 23838 82 sVaVs agas^ ggs*jf gg 23821 33328 38S88 §a ajfa®a' ss^as asaas rr siiy ii?i{ rfs! |. I lls 1=1;! 18 ? ««4 iialij *8 £s ££ 25 5 2 !j"ii o o Table 5° —Expend itures of land-grant institutions, 1 94 1 -42 264 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 II SsSSE IlSrS 2I5S5 iSSsi 55151 sSIsI 2s s‘alsi‘ sgsgs |S|ss 2|sss lists -a ill Hi SSSS -sgs &SV8 slaEI v5;233 SEI sliil Hi ssvS5' aa Hi IS «cTV «e> 32 Silas S5551 nils llsSs SHU liSSs is s'-S'si *£*55 SiS*s 55=11 151*1 SSSSI 12 IIP I5ll Is :s s ss s III s Hi I Hi ss a 21s aslsl B S2S Ils ill SSSSS Hill lisis 2122s HI!! IIIH aa S**5sS s‘23SS *S**2 aalaS SsHS s-8*a a* HISS Sisal Haas 1222s Hi«S ilHI IH — H «3« 5SS2S S*S*2a2‘ 2S82S* 2“ Hill 5*212 « SS522 28*22 22222 SfeH 22222 1 Hass a iii isssi II Sis" S«s-5 si | 222 !HI 22222 5: sssil Hiss* S5ai* *2252 SE2S2 22*2* salsa sa 22222 isaSs 2«*S 2* il mil ss'ass sills 2222S 22222 5*221 Hill EH322 22222 II am mu *= ~~~ - «.* §- Hi! »&8. if 2*225 aa'saa sails s'ass's mu "'5221 *5*11 S25is 11=15 *1 15135 *133* *'*'«- a* alias iiSii iSSSS ISSsS iliil llsil is lisas ss'e'sS 1515s sills 11*13 SE333 15 OOOOO *0 0 0 0 0 OOO ^ O * O O COMtO OW O JOOO m K inn inn mil imi iJm uni u HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 265 sss sss £ Hill i 5 SS5SS 2 SSS is isli 55 Hi- : 51511 ;iiH 5IH5 Si r~‘« co . o ^ co o> - sis; *'ss-' as ass lisas ”5215 I52=s s* 55- SsSS8* SI 55 1 Ill'll 55 sss rv isle -aaa 5; 5S5IS ss ss sss as as* ill IE151 51115 5151s il ess sssss ssssfs ssa'ss* as 551 1551s 15111 55sss is sss SSS2S 2-2S*a‘ a‘s'a‘s£ a‘s 155 55551 sisil -ill Hi Hi a55s5 15*555 25* lie llsll Ilili 51555 HI 555 saSas sills 51115 55 lie 11551 51511 55555 51 555 mu am am a 515 51115 55151 51555 5= gas sasga a£:ss ssa'ss as ail 51115 55555 15155 55 SIS Sll'SS 5551s Sails Si «« e-eJeJoco.* --««« «- 3 S <5.85 .•s: ii^i ii 279,779 SSS ii 17,148 2,062 29. 000 86, 422 6,326 6,684 563 42,386 44, 952 12, 150 5 © iliii 1 is i i i ill i 5 : r : : :«\^ : - : . . . . CO . e 8 © sills slss? Sisls si aa'a'aa' a'asaa a'ffssg as 1 S5| il 8 :S *5 i ill i 1 i - i is- i 2 i 5 e ssssa 11511 SiSgg II a'SSSS SSSSE S'SSSS SS s ISSls lliii 1SSSI ii " 5 ii ill is :-s Si i i is ill il i i :«* is- -*s I e 51155 asssi 11551 15 aaa'sa* saa'ss asa'asj ii a a 11155 15515 H5I55 51 SS2SS 2S~S5; 2SS25 SS 1 I 51155 11551 1555s 15 ««5‘ Si-Si Ill'll « Total Negro 5 JS :J 3 --“1 i i=s*s . CO << CO •< CO cc dJ s"3; Cji s... i=Ii is “idJ 1; U z4ci t ] ' a <5 §.»M oi 8 -E--S “S ;5 :j;:i « && iJJi u xu £• i 5 1 5 : s xpenrtltures of B 8 X D T funds and funds recalved through other agencies for pilot training BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 8 3 '8"g 33388 a'SS? '3 '38 S' ' '8 8383 > 8 sf 3" I 5W 3 833" " la" 3" *" *"a"8"l 3 a 8 3 I88S3 33388 13338 R885S assas S83SS I 8" I3"l8"8" 8"8"3"3"l $iU$ SSlii Hill ISIII iSSel £ 5 H «*H*“ -* JcTr? H. ,?h" 3 3 §S§§§ §§sS§ 38333 33833 8*883 33gSa g S l«sli SISII SISII Sfp IISIS I3"l3"l iiiii •£*§$ g££3g £5333 88|'|8 i S 8“H"S"|5" « «"8"8"S§" S"3"I0 3"S"8S"3" Hill SIIH 8 8 a1 ^ " »H"S H - o H £» H 3 8 83388 $£§§p §3Sgs 33338 33888 58388 sslas s £ Piss' sWi Pss's s's'si'i s'gss's" ss'M' Mis' I s' * H' J R'"'6' ""'H' H' "* "' H' g 3 SSSSs SSalS aSSSI 35638 SSSSS 8SiJ*§ HIsJ s' I' iiSSi P's's'i S'HH s'M'S g'SH'g SSW Hs'ii $ g '**'*"* "^asa “>c'S,£jl '*8a»"' 4p'acv'° g^cr0-* HIGHER INSTITUTIONS igss» >§>83 §"si ii Stg8 £ » 8 sassa §§ 3fW SSiSS sWi Si •4444 4 44 4 4 4 44 8568$ 88868 Steal £»»; Uiii teste Si c*\ ^ r- cm ■4 (M H V'vO rHCVf^C^WA r-| r— I SSSSS ISIS? §8S8§ 31 s's'aW §?#« s's's's'?' U 4 oT 4 44 4 11818. §atel S^§8§ §8 Kite" Siiii S®Sis[ Si 8S888 §S3§§ 86838 ^ ssw i§p>; saw s>; 8" INI? Mill 18 IS I II « °i '°« a 4 5 s mi.ii i eg 1 1 *§ igg gi S' 8s' S3 8* *' 4 8 89688 833*8 §Si§S £3 5 <3>VgV agasg- s>'S'i3S 8§ 4 § §§§§§ 88688 8§ s' S'3'S'll s'r's's 88'SS'S 18 O? r-T i—T ? §1911 3SI81 83113 Ip i I's's'e's sM s'g'ss's* is 4 1 S3381 Sllli g«8sE iR 5 »'SVV§ SPSS's SK' I S3S88 838S1 RSIS® 38 i g's'Ss'g iWi' is's'gY as 55 4 4 4 HHH«ri 44 I I I I I I I I I I I INI! II g§§5§ *W* : 1 1 1 i •3833 8?3f' 3525 I I I I I ig I I I § §2 Si 1 1 g I 1 I I I I I I I I Mg § I 4 4 4 III I I I I I I I I I I II 3R8§“ 822§S §542* §8 s'is's's *2s'i's a's's's'g' is S§2aS 88168 $853* §2 SSSiS Kate SSSSS h H •'t CO D- H(n 8RSS8 88888 18 Sites" te'isi SSSSi is floVW 44^44 4»V\J4 «V 2 I I I I I 5 I Ig I I I I l§ § I | 5 | $ g 6 "H1 s! ig . Si’ S' H'- s' s' »' S' s ssaas ssssi sssss as i g's'ass' i's's'i'1 iWs'.s's' jf 4* 4 4“ 44444 44 591046 0 - 44 - 18 267 268 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Si jl! a t Pf I t ft S "£'l *1181 sSSSS ' ' i * i a ss a 'g* §<<§* m 44 4 *4* 1 1 § 3$*§a HsB §§al3 83>88 m$% s§g§3 ££§§£ a 44 as] ii ii4 **wa ?§ ii 4iU$ 44444 O H TV i-TcMrH CO CM CA rH rH rH oT rH CM oT >A |-T Cj5 3>¥33 VO >AP\eo vfiri~ja)NO caca!A'Oc'} ^t'o'rj-^o -'Tvo'cakT'a p cm cm cm >a to rH tt> [> cm s sssas «§!£§ siaa* aasas eaaa1 g'§sg Big 4 ^*8 »“»**§; $«S** a $»$ rs* g g I 1 1 ig §131 I 1 1153 mi! Ijjig I 31 I ig 3ja a * * 5S8 i s" § § 3S3§§ BBS **S3I sgasg &£££ BUB 38S8? a s"asa asasa saw a*w §>>>q fatfsa; n rl Ol H rl rl >AH^O CVr-lrH»H'^’pirH 5 IHIS SiSgg SlsSg Ei§S§ I33S8 S8SSS S3§gg 1 r's‘s‘13 ill fissl sssai sSsh ssW ssiss £ ^ £ CM «HHH HH OrCC^ CM rH H H >A £ H 1 SE$S3 SSagS *83§a 13383 IsBs IBB imt E 93333 SW3 s's'g‘8'3' 3833?' ISa'SS SS8SS' SS'SifS ' ' ■ “ 3 ."^8 “'3 '•rfs*-' " ' ' - - ■ I> C<> Nt vO I C^NvO O C" - VN^^r»>C- £J rH rH I> HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 269 IH' §|iga n $P 55 8§ Pg S3 H ggsss sisgg sgssi §i 8>W ssgjfi *>"3p'i la C^-HOIH H H (V n rH rH rH H89s ssies SSSS9 93 ss»>; sisis s>»¥ ®s * *r\vO O C*\ ?cT o? cT oT r^v£> »A r- *ms -kiss *£ §>>>;§ iiiii *>; *p-*pr nAnH>A >s »• >&sea 'Sisg &§*§ §s sVr sfgsaEi §3 111:1 : 1 1 : 1 ist sss§s «**%* rs s»'si «*2'asa a'ssas is i-T«n r-T «l P? f-' HpC 8SSE5 1*818 88858 ss sisia «*s"ss'8 asss's is" 36*21 2SSS? 3ISS9 SS a'a's's's gsi'sl saags as" »V*sv “'"-'*‘33 ^oToT^o *v¬ S i|i 1 1 iggn igigg 21 3 slssl SS85§ §3§is 55 i a««'a'R' ss's'ss' Rs"»"sg is 1 IISII SSSsl sills gs e silii iisii ssWs ss rH rH rH rH HNH Wrl 5 SSiH EgiSI SSIIS IS 6 88851 S»'Sff IIISS iS W rH H H iH »HiH»HCViH (V H r 81881 'i'll 1 1 1 15 §1 a a " H" °r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : ini: 11 5 9 11 1 1 § iig 1 1 i * « g £ »'g *•881 S 1 !S' 1 'i1! § pf " 8 g £ $ £ s *338* £S§s*i §*§§8 IS s ssass ssssi ssssj ss oT H HH HH HrJVToTrl CM rH hi !i® "is B B i ! m i n m 11 : i iitii 1 ip i ll* i! S# II! I » ' 1 “ “ 9 « II 3SSSa eisli slsll if- 3— Funds and plant values of land-grant institutions, 1940-41 270 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION 1938-40 GRAND TOTAL funds and plant values $5,225,098 960,531 7,344,372 7,014,364 89,382,594 4,779,670 6,768,277 5,982,339 9,375,390 9,602,409 3,592,572 7,294,377 38,662,521 18,706,780 14,649,387 5,416,993 8,246,740 22,974,953 5,870,384 13,764,828 4,937,445 55,262,931 16,648,924 61,796,310 5,736,419 16,261,246 3,997,518 14,227,610 3,362,699 7,233,723 25,551,451 1,944,380 62,637,199 7,545,292 4,026,720 • Plant and plant funds Total $4,888,461 950,069 5,885,128 6,813,556 61,410,314 4,218,655 6,438,723 5,423,444 9,071,340 7.498.164 3,544,107 4,083,273 36,923,908 18,092,145 13,598,564 4.777.165 8,007,549 22,516,891 4,831,608 11,849,332 4,478,424 16,889,501 15,038,163 42,861,210 5,496,631 13,750,546 3,196, 531 12,948,127 2,962,074 5,567,506 20,274,161 1,581,454 28,213,582 7,371,689 2,455,676 Equipment $684,814 272,560 2,012,839 16,188,728 933, 563 1,093,595 1,139,214 2,697,866 1,154,099 990,419 966, 501 9,315,589 3,035,345 3,381,183 1,693,911 1,576,100 1/ 1,436,047 2,439,428 1,128,781 2,039,953 3,147,513 9,931,837 1,396,556 4,546,941 614,000 3,799,176 546,433 816,103 3,178,350 399,234 8,318,829 1,246,807 631,725 Grounds, build¬ ings and im¬ provements in¬ cluding unex¬ pended funds $4,203,647 677,509 5,885,123 4.800.687 45,221,586 3,285,092 5,345,128 4,284,230 6,373,474 6,344,065 2.553.688 3,116,772 27,608,319 15,056,800 10,217,381 3,083,254 6,431,449 22,516,891 3,395,561 9,409,904 3,349,643 14, 849, 548 11,890,650 32,929,373 4,100,075 9,203,605 2,582,531 9.148.951 2,415,641 4,751,403 17,095,811 1,182,220 19,894,753 6,124,882 1.823.951 ! Total 3 $336,637 10, 512 1,459,234 200,808 27,972,280 561,015 329,554 558,895 304,050 2,104,335 48,465 3,211,104 1,738,613 614,635 1,050,823 639,828 239,191 458,062 1,038,776 1,915,496 459,021 38,373,430 1,610,761 18,935,100 239,788 2,510,700 800,987 1,279,483 400,625 1,666,217 5,277,290 362,926 34,423,617 173,603 1,571,044 Student loan | funds ft $47,451 9,500 13,158 68,141 572,473 22,753 23,268 15,198 1,319,362 13,541 19,689 359,806 79,520 252,064 134,319 55,116 137,749 30,733 42,821 11,987 1,636,355 55,488 315,504 319,250 180,360 10,756 403,291 267,461 4,425 552,078 48,603 2,385 Annuity funds $1,653,882 30,000 34,836 44,440 120,110 '1,472,136 475,834 102,187 4,875 15,640 290,793 Endowment funds, including funds temporarily functioning as endowment $289,186 1,012 1,446,076 132,667 25,745,925 508,262 306,286 524,059 288,852 7.84,973 34,924 3,191,415 1,334,367 535,115 678,649 505,509 184,075 320,313 1,008,043 1,872,675 447,034 35,264,939 1,555,273 18,143,762 239,788 2,089,263 800,987 1,099,123 389,869 1,258,051 4,994,189 358,501 33,580,746 125,000 1,568,659 Land-grant institution \ Ala. Polytechnic Inst . Univ. of Alaska . Univ. of Arizona . Univ. of Arkansas 2/ . Univ. of California . . Colorado State Coll . Univ. of Connecticut . Univ. of Delaware . . Univ. of Florida . Univ. of Georgia 2 / . . . Univ. of Hawaii . Univ. of Idaho . . . Univ. of Illinois . . Purdue University (Ind.) . Iowa State Coll . Kansas State Coll . . . . Univ. of Kentucky . La. State Univ . . Univ. of Maine . Univ. of Maryland . Mass. State Coll . Mass. Inst, of Tech . Mich. State Coll . Univ. of Hinnesota . Miss. State Coll . Univ. of Missouri . Montana State Coll . Univ. of Nebraska . Univ. of Nevada . Univ. of New Hampshire . Rutgers University (N. J.) . New Mexico A & M Coll . Cornell University (N. Y. ) . N. C. State Coll . N. Dak. Agri. Coll . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 271 ®s®Ss 3S83I !£§§§ §S iMii liBii 4MM si ^°'co^d' 8 a? £ Land-grant Institutions for Negroes 932,306 870,993 551,056 1,501,671 876,362 1,098,231 1,196,550 528,109 1,073,147 1,095,000 1,660,693 1,052,141 1,434,000 2,912,309 1,935,697 2,498,926 2,009,362 g I a 3 g 8 i O £ 1 1 aSSSl 3BI3 sHf§ SS 3sssi ifiis is»>; «>; C- O' OJ m -vf UA jH vO niACOvO H m § SR 1831® SSSsI 83ISS m iiiii g»§g ii i — 1 i — 1 i — 1 i — 1 i — 1 i — 1 H ^ H CVOi g § £ £ 3sISS 33113 *«§S1 8g a§W ss§ss iim as [> r-Toj rH H H CM P\ H i-T CM in § 1 s ISsiS SB3S1 !§§§§ §3 Si rn 3 3 $ SSS33 SsaSS SHIS 33 i»»; §§§§>; isiii a Ojnnvorom ^nNOiCV (MM'Oiao> c^j n in S 3 sssss §ssg§ mm ^ iiiiS iiiii ii I-T H H r-T C\* r-T O? r-T £ -vf- A o 2 i t I I 15 15 Is a a a£ s ii If ^•s-s ill CCHtH P o o I 111 1,779, 970 2,817,697 330,883 685,896 1,098,130 50,000 174,211 567,568 925,034 245,286 329,971 4,717,246 418,837 7,788,335 122,300 1,829,472 4,011,302 § '$ i I3M SI. I Si 1 iliS'SI R i* S * jt 8 S s $ i iss|g igssa am aVsp agssfc? gg g I to iiiii iiiii i i i 13 31 OJ H CM vO 1 § 't CO l 1 ! ! i i i ! ! 1 i U\ i 1 ! i 8 s i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i ! § i 1,779,970 2,694,985 260,714 517,000 1,094,257 50,000 164,439 556,272 491,784 4/214,000 316,927 3,635,902 349,312 7,740,760 105,300 1,693,251 3,887,479 si SR S r-H i i i ii §1 i£i iiiii § i 8 8 » S ? 8 a 8 s Ohio State Univ . Okla. A & M Coll . Oregon State Coll . Penn. State Coll . Univ. of Puerto Rico . Rhode Island State Coll . . Clemson Agri. Coll. (S. C.) . S. Dak. State Coll . A & M Coll, of Texas . Utah State Agri. Coll . ". . Univ. of Vermont ‘ \J . Va. Polytechnic Inst . State Coll, of Washington . West Virginia University . Univ. of Wisconsin . Univ. of Wyoming . 3 I !lii! jiil |! «*j=| fls^i si &3j iflll ||”| if iiiii iiiii UUi £ 1 1 i i 272 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 § § ££133 5538 • 8 >853 s'g'S mg i § i $$ iiiH ? pW ® I3S i p“ » 3 a * 1 I 2S5§§ 338*3 sS§§£ 333*3 51833 83538 55533 2 * Ui*i * Hi HH$ **i$i i * » § §ai3§ £§§*§ wm s >883 saaas ss-iss | | ifaSRSC RRRRR R sfc*£ RR88V SSR3JQ I ? §-§§§ §§§§' §§§§§ iiiil §'§§§ §§§§§ §§§§§ | g 2-rSSS 8888 SS'SSg S'SSSS* S* SSS* SSS'SS* SS^S" £ « a a §m 1 !§! •» >s «ss s« " ' S" is u 1 1§ si i§s | £ H H H H H-H rj H W rT HH 3 a l!S!i §! 'I 1 IRNI §I1SS 8111! I*8g8 8g!|8 g g « pf -a h” .■*“ ro *Jsf?V 3 a s 8 a 'sasas bsiss sssaa mm s'aae 55*33 -asai* g g gSRSJJj? RSdSg gVs$2 3 gjjg Ej&fc?* SSSSK a ^ ^ a a §§§§§ §§§§' §§&§§ §§§§§ § !§i§ §§§§§ § § iis § 5 gHRgS 8388 Rg'SRR 88888' 8" 888 gggRR 888'88" a ^ § § 3§&§$ ^*8§ §g|KS 8§g«| ggggg Sgggg g $sC{?s§ ssssV gpggg Res gs§gs» §tp#Vp gs^gPP 3 3 1 ig»3 • ■ IE I . . I I 1 ' ' I 15 38331 mu i? P 8 ^ " g? “ ^33" 3 ^ 3 § 81388 33833 *2335 !§§§£ 38388 §§5S? g g 8 R&JR ^Vf”" dR*** ^RV^S sJ ^ § g 38323 33338 88888 83833 §*§s§ 8§*Ss 23838 g" 8" S*W 38SRS 8W$ SfSSs" s"°WI SsW 3S8?S' 8 * HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 273 g i 1 1 1 1 rg i i ■ giiis 1 1 SS p' I I II II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I ! II I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I II i : i i : i i i i i i i : ! i i I I I I I I I ! ! i I I I I I I II i I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I a mn nm nm h § KJMSR SRSrt'5, R3 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I £ I I I I I * I IS I I l« I I £ I S 3£8gg 3$83§ 2SS38 § &5Q3!3R R^s&fR S3 I i i| ill ill i ii i! m a i °'4 ® “ ® !S2:S II Hiii iiila sisll is 274 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 n l1 it II It I 111 111 for agri¬ culture (See.l-a) Ill H ill 111 I i Mi is !*« i % g' 'as • 'm isiss • • is* g" >* i i i a i m ffi *s**i P i * s - g g mis 1 1 1 1 1 § . . . . giagg I $ - - p" a 1 1 1 1 1 M M 1 1 1 | | §|'|' i|'" 'pf| 38 "3 a 8 33333 88133 518SS i 8 rtfs* $**ii *i*a am « &&' 11 »"*“ a a 8 § 8833S 38331 §3333 I >333 88333 § § kvhr;s £fa**a aastea sw?rt«f#“ a ass *rr*“rV 8 $ 9 9 £££££ £££££ st £££ £££&£ a ^ illi 11112131 § I 3SS33 13888 83SS1 8SS33 81188 g $ SRPS§ SSS&Jg ££S8§ »£8>V SS&Vsf gP«Vp S * 3 3 "»i3 " ■! I 18" I 1 >1* 1 1 1 "5 ass§ a a" *' - ~ * »• - -‘a-sv S S 1 1 aSS §3111 'S3S! 83SsS ISSSs SSSESi rt 8 R SKSS £"<*'*’* **£*•* 3 5 13183 BISS 8 3833 31338 i i ss‘sW iUis gsWi Isis's" aWli' llla'l g d H* 88333 s*iis SPSS SS&3S £ £ §£§§§ §§§§ I g g s^sss srss- steVss* ss'sss s sss' sssss d ~ I I S 1 1 1 1 SIMg I I 188 9 18 II Rill! I I I l§ g" Of H- rT H* 2*5“ H h' . H* I 3 83833 83388 §§£!§ 38331 S'838 38383 | | 3s«ss 8WJ «|3S sjsss 3 Rgg ;fR|s» sssss' §"§s H HW 58818 StfSSR 31188 s'-W 1 1 1 : ! 1 §2 *EP-a IP.S3 3881? f;! Islil \m, HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 275 171,697 310,236 10,875 6,968 38,700 91,000 38,014 i i*« i |a 183' 1 sf\o d ling 1,380 3,600 nan 'IIS 1 1 p&igi a* a 457,170 120,708 463,145 48,456 23,196 409,443 184,926 532,411 ,016,307 ssssa PPRSS Bf5s' SSIgg «S2a? SS sass sfswsa atfsSiM as sssa" ss'sss" ssss's" is i ii| i 1 1 1 SS§5 i i rH l-ToT f^t-Tl-T ggsaas Sails 5S25S as SSs'a5 *$*$£ & '§§§* §§§§§ §§§!§ §§ £££» ££»££ £££££ mn isssg mzi ss rtSVSjR PSPPg P&SRP" gp §SI§! Mje-I I " l«l £g as H" a* jg ”S S 'Si 1 33*85 38&S3 gs a «*» "^suCs aV 8333* SS983 5£Ie?£ S3 imi bUM iiiii is r-T H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I i I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I 3> I I 3" I 1 1 I III I I I I III I I I I III till III I I I I II I I I I III II III § §' 5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II i mk ««i «a« « s ssaaa srsi**- aa i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii 3 i i i i i *i igi nan gi k - a - - 3 83838 33838 *8*38 18 “ . > R^rtVi? 53 g aCsasR a'ssi a t & I wi 1 i i § i s 1 < i ii ii 1 “ li i1 Ii i! II 276 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 I I ! g Is IS £ £ » i Iasi 3i3S8 a - «s is” $ 31 ! i i 83883 iiiia ssssl HsH' 33815 H 53SS3 £££$? 81 113 £ 8 131 INN Mail 5 338 51518 g r a i 181 i £ Isll! 131 ii i i III 31 II I 1 81 33 m mn 35181 $**$€ nm 88588 #1 a"tfgga si£§* » 8*88 88888 isW §§33s §a"as?R 3R88S £§§■*§ §gg|g tiSfRRR RRsOJ* mm a ?*a£ 88888 £rs8V fl §88§§ s^sss sgss sssss sssss s sss sssss III Sllll IIIIS i!i§£ §i§i! SIH| l!il| 111 °ssf£ 85558 83888 51538 asaasT s£k©§ ^if^s £ ?f§g ggRgg £££££ R RRR RRRRR 1* ii ffli 3§ssa 33888 mm 88S3S S£i?5g 88JR3P £S»§8 S5S>V §3Rg£ §£«£?£ ! ii if J 1 is i i i § Mil! I 1115 8.8581 sill §!33§ 83333 13388 33338 !§£l£3 55588 § 8Vorcrs aasa stoo'“'v sgg'"'* o o o o S M ii ill lii'ii r°r° 23s*8 o jooo sili iiiii mu iiiii HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 277 21,906 148,688 a, 226 21,6a 48,004 77,718 107,150 I 5 tv 93,514 Im ISSsS HS§3 SSS3? 3S; saWs s'ssi's §Wg'4 g's: rH rH iH S S R 36,730 25,276 14,583 43,978 35,190 16,042 35,696 15,292 66,033 7,149 35,894 9,930 51,366 . 24,480 35,308 41,593 38,312 33,458,016 liill HS3I Mll| 111*8 If; g ojvo'wc^ 5 NfJ ®; 1 g Ml!! Mill Mill is S3 8 8'S 13,946 8,330 .6,06 16,782 21,406 39,610 8,735 1,520 905 18..995 1 $ Mill Mill Mil! II ! t|| i1! 97,727 90,876 368,776 693,683 187,723 456,661 120,708 463, 145 58,552 28,196 409,443 184,926 532,411 932,726 72,166 ‘ 71,123 433,467 159,237 235,518 392,712 53,098 8 i a* 12,923,096 Defense org 26,497 22,929 39,103 41,843 25,252 39,797 34,569 24,294 48,667 20,432 32,656 25,200 35,917 51,153 22fc235 22, 229 35,142 26,. -32 31,454 32,318 21,439 ? i h Mill HIM Mill Ml §§g§§ !§§§§ §§§§§ §§§11 §§! > it 2,790,017 ^through 38R88 8888 88888 88888 S3 j SI IS? NISI MISS SSSSj Mi rH r-T r-T rH rH oT WHrHH j I j HIM MM! Mill I! 1 S f; 63,485 34,111 167,385 189,816 53,235 557,789 129,934 45,350 245,992 185,066 13,967 114,190 52,809 141,030 266,313 28,404 28,347 134,654 61,715 104,287 115,521 21,843 1 j Mill IMII Mill 1! 1 1 s1 3 2: §§§§§ i §§§§ §§§§§ §§§§§ §§' RRRRSl 8888 88888 88888 88 ! 4 ! H Mill Mill Mill II I § 1| _ ! li 119,423 75,177 223,943 72,876 78,326 151,284 89,372 81,664 187,784 50,000 78,408 45,632 78,473 77,519 105,924 76,211 74,398 66,02 89,119 72,918 105,942 72,759 3 * 36,730 25,276 14,583 43,978 35,190 14,786 35,696 15,292 53,40 7,149 35,894 9,930 45,632 24,480 35,308 33,206 18,229 484,800 5,030,000 wd other MM! SgISI 1 131 i M IS 1 S£i 3s! ^ 3 §j "Vi ? i 1 1 1 1 I I i M 1 Mill II Is*] si; 5,800 28,626 34,429 7,500 60,185 31,451 8,203 25,000 2,196 ,!:$ 19,910 10,450 10,460 7,320 13,068 92,630 4,280 7,790 \ Mill 3 I i i l£i i SI rH « « » - I Rutgers University (N. J.) . New Mexico A & M Coll . Cornell University (N. Y.») . N. C. State Coll . N. Dak. Agri. Coll . Ohio State Univ . Okla. A & M Coll . Oregon State Coll . Penn. State Coll . Univ. of Puerto Rico . Rhode Island State Coll . Clemson Agri. Coll. (S. C.) . S. Dak. State Coll . Univ. of Tennessee . A & M Coll, of Texas . Utah State Agri. Coll. . . Univ. of Vermont . . Va. Polytechnic Inst . State Coll, of Washington . West Virginia University . Univ. of Wisconsin . Univ. of Wyordng . s § ..St. A & M Inst . ..A M & N Coll . ..St. Coll. Colored . . .A k M Coll . ..St. Indus. Coll . ..St. Indus. Coll . ..Sou. U & A & M Coll . ..Princess Anne Coll . ..Alcorn A & K Coll . ..Lincoln University . . .Negro A & T Coll . ..Langston University . ..C N I & A & M Coll . ..A & I St. T. Coll . ..Prairie View St. Coll. ... . .St. Coll, for Negroes .... ..State Coll . TOTAL Negro JRAND Total ludes funds from the Civil Aero iiiii iiili iljii it » 278 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 57 —Federal funds received by land- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 n 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 land-grant institution GRAND TOTltf Total white Ala. Polytechnic Inst . Univ. o f Alaska . Univ. of Arizona . CniY. of Arkansas . Univ. of California . Colorado State Coll . Dniv. of Connecticut . Univ. of Delaware . Univ. of Florida . Univ. of Georgia . UniY. of Hawaii . UniY. of Idaho . UniY. of Illinois . Purdue University (Ind. I . Iowa State Coll. . Kansas State Coll, . UniY. of Kentucky . La. State Univ . Univ. of Maine . Univ. of Maryland . Mass. State Coll . Mass. Inst, of Tech . Mich. State Coll . Univ. of Minnesota . Miss. State Coll . . . Univ. of Missouri . Montana State Coll . Univ. of Nebraska . Univ. of Nevada . Univ. of New Hampshire . Rutgers University (N. J. ) . ‘ New Mexico A A M Coll. . Cornell University IN. Y. » . N. C. State Coll . N. Dak. Agri. Coll . Ohio State University . 0k la. A A M Coll . Oregon State Coll . Ptenn. State Coll . Univ. of Puerto Rico . Rhode Island State Coll . C Jems on Agri. Coll. IS. C. ) . S. Dak. State Coll . Univ. of Tennessee . A A M Coll, of Texas . Utah State Agri. Coll . Univ. of Vermont . Va. Polytechnic Inst . State Coll, of Washington . West Virginia University . Univ. of Wisconsin . Univ. of Wyoming . Through the Federal Security Agency Endowment income from Total $41, 871, 028 40,822, 428 1, 468,981 101, 170 362,496 833,881 2, 376,182 461,228 473, 518 248, 016 624, 126 816.498 277,789 466,077 1,265,858 1,218,876 846, 635 692,863 932,914 928. 192 403, 342 490,846 875.080 166, 318 839, 609 1,215,457 1, 028,979 1, 026,606 417,178 685,140 243, 333 329, 163 887,560 368, 734 1, 171,836 1,421, 132 521,358 933,821 967,867 422, 808 3,380, 019 359,828 242, 911 788,259 658,424 968, 186 2,013,666 617.419 296,705 892,079 642,641 701,361 867. 193 462,157 1862 land- grant funds *1, 192, 133 1,163,840 20,280 6, 948 6,683 26, 052 26,574 7,969 1,667 7,760 10,610 34,117 32, 451 9,189 16,782 8. 991 8,644 9,116 5,916 3,988 7,300 8,660 36, 995 340, 088 5,914 20,246 46, 498 80, 575 4,468 4.800 5.800 80, 269 34,429 7, 600 68,698 31,451 7, 127 25. OUO 2,196 5,764 70,884 19.716 10,450 11,710 7,320 9,806 62,119 6,021 7,082 12,629 Other Federal land-grant _ funds _ $547,326 547,326 46, 227 3,413 3. 901 82,688 6,440 8,473 7,820 10, 309 15,287 1,694 18,676 108,207 1,020 23,611 119,883 6,467 90,711 Supplementary Morrill funds $5, 030,000 4. 650,459 65,379 50, 000 76,698 67, 090 148,884 82,820 89, 608 58,483 45, 827 70, 434 74,831 76,990 160, 181 109,121 98,969 90,655 87,618 62. 028 79, 669 75,625 102, 600 16,667 129, 988 101,868 42,023 106,120 78,386 86,018 71,258 75,610 117,480 76,070 223,837 74,211 77,326 148,836 86, 999 82,487 182,990 50,000 78,141 46,841 77,388 86,173 107,409 76,281 74,100 67, 041 89,815 78, 366 106,809 72,862 Engineering, Science, and Management W. T. funds $6,874, 427 .6,844,287 412,266 2,675 26,185 219,073 18, 061 188,102 16. 064 96. 985 4.834 152,716 477,708 46, 496 41,403 17,383 50, 999 92,779 8,471 136, 001 99,389 98. 412 82. 043 21. 188 81,723 58,816 420, 260 240,321 227, 266 16, 548 115,846 7,652 25, 389 2,318,777 9, 674 9,460 40,875 7,301 32,212 407,572 265,514 71, 941 7,882 120,650 113, 095 10,486 Institutions for Negroes 53 54 55 56 57 63 64 68 69 Total Negro 548,595 28,293 . 479.641 80, 140 Ala _ , . State A A* N Inst . 36, 953 36, 958 Ark. . . . . . A M A N Coll . 25, 411 26, 158 Del ..State Coll- Colored , , , 14, 608 14,608 Fla. . . . , . A A M Coll . 45,828 45,828 G* . ..St. Tndna. Coll . 36, 218 85, 218 Ky _ . . St . Indus. Coll . . 16, 114 1,255 14,859 La . , , Sou- U A A A M Coll . 34, 951 34, 961 Md , Princess Anne Coll. . . 15, 161 16, 161 Mias. . . , . Alcorn A & M Coll. . . 65, 493 12,592 62, 901 Mo. . . . . . Lincoln Tlniver.sity . 7, 24 9 7, 076 N. Cm . . , . A A T Coll, of N. C . 53,839 36, 552 8,208 Ok la. 9, 667 9, 667 S. C. ! ! . . C N*A I A A A M .Coll . 51, 595 5,754 45,841 Tenn. * ] 4 A I St T. Coll, 17, 105 17, 105 Tex Pra i r ie View St Coll 85, 803 35,803 Va St. Coll, for Negroes . . . 46, 319 8, 692 S3, 520 4, 107 W. Va. . State Coll 87,281 18, 341 17,830 *Punds received through the Arey and Navy and other departments and agencies of the U. S. Government for war training courses. [nc luded i-Lev< funds . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 279 grant institutions tor year ended June 30, 1942. Throagh the 0. S. Department of Agriculture Hatch -Adams funds Smith -Lever funds Clarke-McNary funds Rirnell funds Capper- Ketcham funds Bankhead- Jones funds (Sec. 1—2 1J Further development funds Ot her funds iui uug u other Federal departments . and agencies ' Sl.447.S42 $6, 024, 693 $82,070 $2, 789, 883 $1, 496, 144 $12,884,816 $509, 103 $169, 467 $2,324,720 1, 447.842 6, 024,693 82, 070 2,789,883 1, 496, 144 12, 884,815 609, 103 169,467 2,814, 099 30,000 164, 891 1, 620 60, 000 87,220 688, 465 2, 181 101,679 10,000 2, 262 60, 000 22,833 13,285 38, 217 484, 984 5, 889 1,200 37, 466 81, 893 1,363,867 24, 688 111, 084 27, 475 22, 435 106, 885 24,800 11, 264 21. 107 6, 190 70, 994 27, 417 166, 817 16,436 87, 866 618, 200 24, 846 1, 418 21,386 76, 996 16,681 28,033 107, 637 2. 942 634, 050 59, 888 43, 336 88, 300 1, 331 168,713 36, 000 120,303 1, 620 60, 000 83,414 377, 620 32, 666 420,019 27, 565 30,000 84,561 260 60, 000 29,120 287,690 50,622 9,761 30, 000 162,978 60, 000 37, 388 556,286 30, 000 109, 084 1,620 60,000 32. 060 885, 257 211,214 SO, 000 46, 1 10 60. 000 24, 891 104, 468 1,795 30, 000 63,063 60, 000 26, 463 138, 442 8 0, 000 42, 748 1,620 60. 000 23,983 89,216 8,194 899 80, boo 189, 007 60, 000 36, 689 384, 2«3 73, 567 80, 000 110, 427 60, 000 82,213 406, 092 16, 000 19, 386 80, 000 135,403 2,970 60, 000 85, 261 598, 825 16,708 SO, 000 140, 636 60. 000 36,887 602,725 232 90,397 80, 000 34, 919 60, 000 23, 030 83, 111 32,738 80, 000 67, 418 60,000 26; 982 199, 589 49,769 38,779 80, 000 14,796 60, 000 20, 583 28, 443 12, 092 80, 000 24, 919 1,620 60, 000 21,814 54,168 807 2,109 80, 000 64, 818 1,620 60, 000 26,666 103, 998 6, 908 30, 000 36, 455 60, 000 28. n<>6 98,854 30, 000 175, 506 59. 996 40, 141 367,607 80, 000 196, 033 1,620 60, 000 42, 624 >21, 692 60, 186 80,000 46, 528 1,260 60, 000 24, 442 162, 734 38,922 684, 527 39, 986 (2) 30,000 114,336 60,000 32,689 425, 207 49,442 1,167 52,268 80, 000 49, 965 60, ono 24,861 186, 279 6,800 80,000 247, 80S 1,260 60. 000 48,860 464, 809 30, 000 196, 941 20, 000 63, 213 80, 000 14, 295 60, 000 20, 523 28, 297 80, 000 112, 688 60, 000 32. 488 409, 147 1. 971 80, 000 62, 809 60, 000 24, 228 147, 167 60, 141 80, 000 145, 267 1, 620 60, 000 86,460 566, 748 30, 000 260, 920 64,660 60, 000 60,516 947, 143 39,611 45, 486 30, 000 27,634 2,685 60, 000 22,182 68,117 18,767 - 49,839 29,900 26,902 1,620 60,000 22, 066 69,028 5,288 546 30, 000 184,127 1,620 60, 000 36,095 424,674 9,367 48,408 30,000 68,816 1,627 60, 000 27, 092 175,662 6, 976 8,669 30, 000 107, 955 60,000 81, 918 267, 608 3,85? 30, 000 114, 456 60, 000 82, 703 398,631 3o[ 000 21 [ 256 60, 000 21,869 62,946 19, 806 70, 094 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4? 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 280 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 281 i a 3 /aVsg saVs/ «r 3^V|V' /aVsg /§? 33*8' /ggSS '*5' SS 1 II II 430.68 654.29 77,518.91 24,479.66 105,924.02 35,308.01 76,210.60 74,397.79 06,411.65 33,205.82 89,119.21 72,917.53 21,040.47 105,303.54 72,758.50 7,463.69 II II II 8 1 S3S £8 as a? /aWif gY 38888 £S33KE 58 Hiii //§s/ mi! 11 38 8 88 £83358 88 Hiss ssass sans asss? iisss ssiii ssssss a? gsfrtg1^ /aVsg sg/s/ gsvV§ s/ssY mss/ /a*ssP3 §p £1113 Mill Mill Mill 8 I I 3U Mill II M I & 3 1 o>t>oc^ r\ o o o oo t**** 18888 88SS8 88S88 88**8 88S88R 88 282 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 R £ S I I I I I I 8 I I I I $ I I II i? Mill | | | | | I | | | | P 3 B ^SScJgg § 3 $ miii I 3 g SPSS's 388BS iiiii 3SB35? 3£S8JQ S88S3 . . m mu am PS88P .S38SP J«S^S"§ P 3 3 IP I I 18 i 8 i s i | R S •* i i i I i i^isi i i i i i i i i ii isas i tt oT § 8 g ^S8cJg8 s s I Ssis s 3 g srs?£sr 388B 3ISS 8s'*'"'3 S3XS3 gSSgS flSR-SS 5SS83 " s? 3S3§§ mu am £3885! S38RP S tf88£88 a ££££'< § 3 | SS&P58 « ^ 33K8E ^18^38 B88S3 . siss siiss lisis §SSS3 3QgPE? PSSSP B38RP SSgSjf 8 ^ S ?f38£8i § s i si § s' § «‘®8 K&S3S dRa$8 388SPI . 3S33§ s*is« am 338££ £38§P B33S8 cJSSSg 8 3 5 i” ii i i I i i ia gg i la i i ii i i i i i i iiiii g g 3 3- J- '• - , g O OOOOO irvir\i> cn O O O cn C- O 8 8^ isgggB 8 8 8 § 8 88838 §8888 S3SR8 SSS38 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS. 283 I I I 1 3 Mill IS I I I Mill S 118 I Mill II I ll& tfl * i * t II II I I II I 38 II I II II I Mill MSS I II II II 31 ii U i g3a§' pgssV g«vag 88332 SR“ 8S 8 88238 88333 8Sg!5JS sUESdS 883288 88 mu am am am mu urn mm a 23g?Sv 882£3 P8PRS tfgSSP £c$SJ$e 23RS83 gp Min IMM 18 M I II II I fc i 18 I Mill II I! IS & I i is II O^NXJC-m ooooo OOOOO OOOOO OOOCO OOCOO OD-r^COO oo 88888 88SR8 8838 8 88*888 PiiPSg 838828 88 ill i« 1 11 ill if i if i i \m umi w 591046 0 - 44 - 19 Ta le 60- Second Morrill Act and supplementary funds for year ended June30, 1941 284 BIENNIAL* SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 285 R i ! I h I 11*1 I v£> I I O' I ! ! (V H n 38833 HUi 33838 £8333 83823 ° 833S 33838 R8S38S ssaSs iiiii agsa? sssss iUii MitM R83>g JP3R3R dS^sig SR33R R3g3£ £33882 38 ■ I 1 1 If {§1!! ! 1 1 if s *1 I Hi i a s 8 38 AAA, 0^0 o ^ 88833 3$8S8 38333 33833 8833$ 33338 R8S338 sstsi slais sills Sslil lisas ssisl igssas 333§'° R333S 33R3R .rtS^Sg SR33R R£83£ £33888 88 88888 83838 3R338 33333 3833$ 33338 hiss ssals Sails Sills ssii§ 333g^ R333S 33R3R gS^Sg RR$8R R833R R883S& 8^833§ £S3££3 88 83 8S 38333 838S8 38333 33333 88338 33838 838388 88 SS§S§ 5S3H sills tfg&M iiSSS SSlSl i3§3S8 it tjiiRSj*'- ssWg sags? «svV§ spssp pssss sskss's §p 81 ” 8 §i§!: Hi urn iiiii i« Si 1*1 iiiii ! m IS *5| -3 s g OUS>TvC-r^ OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOOOO OOoOOO oo 8333^ 88888 88838 §8388 §§888 R£i?38 883888 88 Receipts and disbursements of funds received under acts of Congress, approved August 30, 1890 (Second Morrill Act), March 4, 1907 (Nelson Amendment), and June 29, 1935 (Sec. 22, Bankhead-Jones Act), for year ended June 30, 1942 286 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 287 H«CCO to ^ ^ oo t© ©tor- oo ud o io oo m am ssa s's's's Sgg££ £S£3S SSSSS 2S2SS ££;s£2 SS ii=ii isiii iiii i ssiis ssssss is to V «o t-* ocT to" oT w eg oo" oo" »o i© t-‘ to* t>" t-" »© to* Vt- co* o>" oo io »©* eg" c- cm t*- co t- ^ oo oc oo ^ ^ t*- oo ^©eot- t*- to oo oo t- *-• © t- 99-991 m . . . • • • . . • • • • . • • • . . • • • . . • • • . . • • • . . • • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • . • • • : : : I • •© • . • • ^ • . • • k© • • • • • • • • • . • • • : :SS : : iss : . • CO oo • • • • • • • 200.00 102, 699.91 16, 600.00 126, 987 .73 101,827.86 42, 022.64 62,901.04 106, 119.58 76,886.06 85, 017.67 71, 268.26 76,609.76 117.479.80 76,069.62 224, 841.00 74, 211.08 36,551 .72 77,826.39 148,836.31 86, 999.08 9,666 .74 82. 436.61 182, 990.88 48,818.23 78, 141.40 45,841.20 40, 500.80 77,338.09 86,173.12 17, 106.28 92,056 .72 33, 995.27 76, 280.66 74, 099.89 67,040.88 33.520.44 89,815.07 73,365.78 16,667.11 106.308.69 72,861 .72 32SSS SSSSS co o ct 3 OT 3® 5~S © eg **• t- 111 ISiSS »oc-ooo>» *5338 Ills! 169, 141. 841 454 388 CO i© © CO © c- © © © oo SS-SSSS © © k© oo co ©o ii eg to* oT hN«V t-~ ©* *© to* t-* oo © os eg eg V t-* oo* ©* CO* ©* uo eg © ^ eg o-»ioo e- get-*- t-Nt-COt- eg **» OO 00 00 kOC-^’f t» oc f-* © co e- t-©»OOt«rH © c- sss sssss S5SSS sssss 3SSSS zszzzz c- eg rl fc- IIS oc w »i e> g* sssss s&sse CO © eg to ^ o» «C -■ — ' » SSS3SS Hill I5S51 sssss rH rH-Tf OO N llslli S3 00 00 sss o^SS" f 00*>t- »H © OC U5 U5 t- ^ t- 00 © CO 00 fc- © CO oo t- »-» *?rf © c- ZZ2 §555“ SSSSS SSSSS SS2SS SSSSS ££££? SSSSSS §S ii5** S3 s Mi HU! s 3U2 o o o 2*3 S Ill I : * S, : £ :§£«£ c* £S is II i ■w 3 -i I I «-> * p- o I ■< 288 ! I !l ill } S III ill iii is i-.i Mi ii I P g i 1 £ £ ir\ 1 I I I $ § 3 a £ a * ^ h 8 8 1 I 3 3 a s I s » * ? a i £ £ - ^ h § § ' K » r OF EDUCATION, 1938- -4 0 1 1$ IP 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 of -* 8,473 7,320 12,276 13,313 2,543 IIS Ig 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •3'§ * 1 i a ££* ri 1 1 1 1 8 Mill) 1 1 1 1 1 1 INI £«§■ } 3V a ig i§ i ms i i i i ig i i ^ wC ^ C? 1 1 '! ||5 1 I I mu sssas %mn WM WM sassg O --tvO «T O^CMvOOIrH S' r-l eTo^K) r-T T> fri C- r>\ vO CO >n oT rM O'" ^ rS<3 8faV«5 Mils gigsg : I I I I I ■' Hs5' sspsa sr1 ling i 1 1 ii -g i 1 1 mn ££§§$ mm *m§ i§>££3 igsii sfarts^ pf^rNV'°r sg^sV r^-*^ 88333 33233* S^SR £**-%££ 83*88 88383 *§*§§ 3-^oTr? og\cw«? i§iS3 11111 1 1 1 1 ! 1 !S! 1 1 igng gigi i aassa mm cyMHV‘»M M MI SJS Ig M !| . s i I I I I* sp i I OlT <*? o' w? rv oT o' r-T 3 3 3 § s * d - 8 $ 1 I £ S g I I! IgSj III l£ !!!§!! s £ ii i * w? wC ■ SSI l£l-gg I I I l> I I I^M £ I t rt"« 3 8 2 883S& §3*83 383838 # « I £«“£££ 3'*W #££a£* i * s'*88 §as8i Hill 4 "?r?" tfg^sTs? I M M ISMS 33£l I * § |:F Mill l| I IS 3*gl I 4 R S°8§l rsrSr 33S§§ asW sWs asW 3 S £ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 289 IS S' 1 1 1 i 3111 1 "SJS a £ o' s IS Still i § i 1 i 1 1 Id IS 0s rH s g S c*C cn * S3 Cl oT 1 1 §llil 1 a ! i i i i 1 1 3 3 I 861 19,711 Igl 1 1 1 cT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 vo'oT g§£s3 8,458 25,000 2,542 5,754 5,754 31,630 20,720 10,450 9,119 7,320 10,811 5,595 56,520 7,627 11,686 14,510 15,291 14,413 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l§ 1 1 26,085 34,429 7,500 35,404 8,458 25,000 2,542 5,754 5,754 31,630 20,720 10,450 9,119 7,320 10,811 5,595 56,520 2,700 11,686 14,510- 26,946 34,429 7,500 50,695 34,124 11,255 25,000 2,542 5,754 5,754 31,630 20,720 10,450 9,119 7,320 10,811 5,595 63,176 $£ „ 14,510 16,182 1 1 1 1 1 1 15,982 2,623 313 10,056 34,429 7,500 35,786 31,450 15,648 20,720 10,450 9,119 7,320 10,811 5,595 60,553 11*686 12*875 708 14,909 2,674 1 0 I 1 1 1 cT 6,168 1,322 219,969 IS 1 1 1 1 NO 1,390,455 100,981 1,263,064 728,173 21,997 IE 1 1 1 1 139,046 40,393 63,153 72,817 mn iSUi 1 nisi ansi sisssi sg-sss S|§*S sspsg I £ T3 I I I f 1 I i si S § 1 si c 1 1 1 I 1 I 290 BIENNIAL 8URVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 1 t- h 1 . ! ! a Amount of including unsold land Unsold land (value) on hand July 1, 1940 for year ended June 30, 1940 3 8 Facili¬ ties 1 i 1 i i a 1 ° 1 I ifi from rentals, rights, de¬ ferred pay- eto. ; ll1 .1 Balance on hand July 1, 1939 i * o I 1 I 1 5 hi Condition “n^t including value of unsold land © Land-grant institution located in: g S 1 a £ rt d I H- H, 2 a s s 1 i £ » ^ “ g i 1“*" & i § i i - a a 1 1 * a a § g g R 2 H 3 S § g i *j 2 - 8 8 ' 2 2 I r a 1 § R a h § i i 2 2 a w a 1 1 | $ 1 1 § S S g S S 1 a * isjgj 1 iija » 1 1 1 1 1 . . sja §«§j ' o' t*\ oT -S u\ CO C? cTuVr? Mm I ISIS M M M 8 M M I 1 3 I § gg» 2 S § 2 5 2 |§2 I i m3! IMIS MINI Mill Mill SS§ I I 3 I & ISMg SI I IS I MSI r II Ml II II I gSSM o c? * or 4“ 2 83S83 1§*§8 331^33 33153. *£££* Bl§§ smsa 01 “22 2222“^ or"''^ 22^22 22'?'?u? 18118 III |S II I II I I II I 8 Mill II I 8 i 2* 5 p 2 *“ I'SSS %HU SSISB aass3 ssjh »a >s o c»o« p,op,r-co H o>wx«^« 3\j£u\Mra jhV%' «? 83S8S 23*38 3*3*3$ 33SSS 853S& °*§§§ 2^88 ^sg2“H o'“'VovV 22^22 I5M8 I I II I II ISM II II i igi is sign o? « mm s°§§§ gg-seg nm 22228 2^2 222^8 §*sgg 222§£ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 291 I I MS P Illlo f gi§i I I I i * § - a 18 II I g I I I I a £ ' 'VU 9 ^ I I £! “ s i; f'N Oi I I I I I | I I I II §1111 5 , i H I 1^1 IS l s §1 !&(§ 4 g I I ll I I I l I I |§S'S cT«? SaSs§ I°ls^ IpISssI Raf^S? oooW” o'VM'oTo ^ I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ig I I I IP I laistg m cojqoTu'iw'i cooo c- O'C'f^MO- mM 'SISSS Rsf^ac? ®-8-oW oT^oopj1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 8 1 II 1 1 'I1 *3 r? H vQ p.p.l mm m§8 §P5S§§ CT>$CXIWN«n sjOOO^ 3» i 'g is i 1 1 i ii 1 1 i MJSN o c? VO*' O? 1 i I i i 4,515 1,044,128 100,981 1,263,064 726,973 l i i i i is i i i i a i 1 8 i * i 3 63,153 72,697 ISspp iiMi iw* £sW mm £b$£s$ Table 64- Land-grant fund of 1862 (First Morrill Act) and other Federal land grants far year ended June 30, 1943 292 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Other Federal land-grant (not 1862) Income 1940-41 15 $36,070 4,079 2,987 120,805 5,440 8,473 7,320 Amount of fund not including unsold land 14 1 '■>*, i'3'i iic^icv iiiiii 01111 iiraio ihIivoi iicvio' iiiiii oiiii iihio 1 icnl 1 1 ca 1 C*- IIIIII OIIII Iloilo m of* so* h cT t> so O' ca rv CV 1— 1 rH r— 1 °T . Unsold lands (value) 13 iCNIvfi lllir^v IIIIII liili llili IHIC^I III O IIIIII lllll Lllll 1 ^ 1 O 1 III! rH IIIIII lllll lllll £ £ S h ^Balance unex¬ pended July 1, 1941 12 $1,039 8,409 17,006 18,754 2,346 1,285 Disbursements TOTAL II $20,280 4,546 6,633 27,433 17,686 2,061 7,750 10, 510 40,251 32,451 10,753 17,260 10,855 8,644 1,256 9,116 5,915 3,988 7,799 3,650 129,780 351,425 5,915 12, 592 23,430 Facil¬ ities 10 $4,546 16,655 1,550 12, 592 Salaries O' $20,280 6,633 27,433 17,686 2,061 7,750 10,510 23,596 32,451 10,753 17,260 10,855 8,644 1,256 9,116 5,915 3,988 7,799 2,100 129,780 351,425 5,915 23,430 Receipts Total available June 30, 1941 00 $20,280 5,585 \ 6,633 27,433 26,095 17,006 2,061 7,750 10,510 59,005 32,451 10,753 17,260 13,201 8,644 1,256 9,116 5,915 3,988 9,084 3,650 129,780 351,425 5>915 12, 592 23,430 Income from rent¬ als, rights, de¬ ferred pay- nents , etc. r- $4,255 79 4,094 231 2,325 4,474 Income on in¬ vested funds vO $20,280 908 6,633 27,354 15,942 7,638 2,061 7,750 10,510 42,918 32,451 10,753 17,260 9,973 8,644 1,256 9,116 5,915 3,988 7,300 3,650 129,780 349,100 5,915 12,592 18,956 Balance from pre¬ vious year July 1, 1941 tT\ $422 6,059 9,368 16,087 2,997 1,784 Condition of fund Unsold land Value $421,523 1,681 319,962 16, 69,995 147,624 Number of acres C*Y ic-ir-tvo iiiivj- iiiiii iiiii lO'ii'O 1 O 1 a> O' lilies IIIIII lllll 1 to 1 1 O 1 w I'OO' iiiica iiiiii iiiii IraiiO' S HH - > 0 vr\ vO IT vo' 2,406 131,721 762 643 13,807 828 8,430 2,584 8 0 S CM 1 1 8 0 o' d 28,093 60,022 4,331 4.800 5.800 28,633 34,429 7,500 74,706 18,116 11,308 25,000 2jl96 5,754 5,754 33,496 19,910 10,450 10,460 7,320 13,068 8,387 94,699 1,384 7,790 13,182 £ vr\ O -j: cv f— 1 O' 00 0 £> CM 5 to c 22,095 4,800 10,673 10,460 34 7,790 m O sO CtT O Oi o> CM *Tv O' O' 5,998 60,022 4,331 5,800 28,633 34,429 7,500 74,706 7,443 11,308 25,000 2,196 5,754 5,754 33,496 19,910 10,450 7,320 13,068 8,387 94,699 1,350 13,182 ITV & s r— 1 O 7 c ^ VfS CV O 'T~ Fl CMnnOO sOO'OsOC'N I'OO'O'i'J 'OOOOO 00r~0''J’Ov0 O'sf^OO t> cv o O Oi lcr\QOir>ir\ o H vwo Oi O M O' ri O' vO -vtc-oooco IHOHC'-C^ vtO'-'J'-tr'i 0 ntt n? OC- in O'* O' Pi cr\ £> Hv H CM nHHH HO H CO r o' 5 0 cc O' of to l/S to' UfS 5,675 259 16,947 16,211 10,460 5,228 6,127 vO cn vo' > ! irv sO xO t> sf lAOO O 0^0'0‘AH 1 nOvO sf sf W-N O O IQ CO O CV O O 00 CO O cn O O I> c\ o to vrv | o o & ir\ ir\ CO H ^ 1 ^ vO(OOCOC"A vO sf O CO CO l(\OrH£>£> (> sf 1 cn O cn {> 0"\ st Ostsf rl O H CO *r\ CV ua urs l> O O [> m tcT E> O (> even ri cn vO cn cv hhh into cn ir\ CO 0 CO O' f5 CM a? £ rr 140 161,268 795 650 14,521 472 3,933 2,069 5,534 281 O to cn vxT cy cv 1 § - vo' C»' cv 676,753 50, 214 1,201 219,968 4,515 1,043,279 101,681 956,082 728,933 cn t> ncT CO cv 1 ! cn vr\ D- vcT 00 67,675 4,584 1,201 21,997 1,368 104,327 40,673 48, 254 cv O' CO s vn j cv O' to s ITS 555,849 665,936 128,011 80,000 116,000 334,737 688,576 125,000 1,566,720 524,177 203,897 500,000 50,000 * 95,900 95,000 417,204 400,000 209,000 310,713 122,000 344,312 173,000 1,429,079 105,300 303,595 420,609 cn cn vO O' o> cv to CM to 01 Montana . Nebraska . Nevada . New Hampshire . . . New Jersey . New Mexico . New York . North Carolina .. North Dakota .... Ohio . Oklahoma . Oregon . Pennsylvania .... Rhode Island .... S. C: White _ Negro .... South Dakota .... Tennessee . Texas . Utah . Vermont . Virginia: White. Negro . Washington . West Virginia . . . Wisconsin . Wyoming . * . . . TOTAL White | TOTAL Negro | GRAND TOTAL | 1/ Not available 294 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 Table 65 —Land-grant fund of 1862 (First land-grants for year ended Land-grant institution located in: land -grant fond of Condition of fund Amount of fund not including unsold land Number of acres Balance on hand, July 1, 1941 Receipts Income from rentals, rights, deferred pay¬ ments, etc. GRAND TOTAL . Total white . Total Negro . 1 Alabama . 2 Arizona . ^ Arkansas . 4 California . 5 Colorado . 6 Connecticut . 7 Delaware . 8 Florida . 9 Georgia . 10 Idaho . 11 Illinois . 12 Indiana . 13 I owa . 14 Kansas . 1? Kentucky . 16 Negro college . . 17 Louisiana . 18 Maine . 19 Maryland . . 20 Massachusetts: Amhe 21 Cambridge . 22 Michigan . . 23 Minnesota . 24 Mississippi . 23 Negro college . 26 Missouri . 27 Montana . 28 Nebraska . 29 Nevada . 30 New Hampshire . 31 New Jersey . 32 New Mexico . 33 New York . 34 North Carolina . 35 North Dakota . 3o Ohio . 37 Oklahoma . 38 Oregon . 39 Pennsylvania . 40 Rhode Island . 41 South Carolina . 42 Negro college . 43 South Dakota . 44 Tennessee . 45 Texas . 46 Utah . 47 Vermont . 48 Virginia . 49 Negro college . 50 Washington . 51 West Virginia . Wisconsin . 53 Wyoming . $30,619, 216 $67,819 67,819 499,693 28.293 263, 500 41. 922 182,667 766,467 512, 128 135,000 84,381 161,026 242,202 880,426 649,013 340, 000 646, 943 605,509 144,078 20.922 183,313 118,300 117,500 146, 000 78.000 1, 066, 994 12,728, 320 98, 575 209,871 442,907 656, 610 66K, 936 128,421 80, O00 116,000 867,698 688,676 126, 000 1,666,720 524,177 208, 381 500, 000 50,000 95, 900 95, 900 420, 816 400, 000 209, 000 315,798 122, 000 344,812 178, 000 1,457,424 105, 800 308, 595 413, 694 140,508 421,523 1, 039 1,824 31, 996 1,824 34 9, 962 8,499 17, 006 62,618 626, 182 18,754 7,621 56, 408 2,346 1,285 18.389 69, 996 36,660 67,716 4,684 840 146, 600 677, 153 50,215 1,251 2,406 181,721 762 643 21, 997 219,968 13,807 (1) 4,615 828 104,189 1. 041,391 217, 416 217,415 48,254 966, 082 8, 230 * 2,584 ** 20. 280 1, 158 3,683 23, 062 26, 574 7,969 1,667 7,760 10,610 84, 117 82.461 9, 189 16,782 8,826 8,644 1.265 9,116 5,916 3,988 7.800 3,650 86,995 387,756 5, 914 12,692 19, 103 41,479 80,576 4,151 4.800 6.800 18,097 34, 429 7,500 68, 598 81.461 7,127 25, 000 2,195 5,764 6,754 53, 506 19.716 10,450 10,611 7, 320 9,806 8,692 50,889 6, 021 7,082 5,990 1,148 4.019 17, 828 ‘ i ! i 99 1.730 6, 689 Not table. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 295 Morrill Act) and other Federal June 30, 1942 1862 Otht-r Federal land grants Total Disbursements Balance on band, July 1, 1942 Unsold land value Amount of fund not inc lnding unsold land Income 1941-42 Salaries Facilities Total $1, 401. 953 $1,091,306 $124,340 $1,216,640 $186,807 $6,759, 806 $14,526,724 $547,326 1,378.660 1, 075,605 111,748 1. 187, 368 186, 307 5,759,306 14, 493, 204 547,326 28,293 15,701 12, 592 28, 293 33,520 20,280 7, 987 6,633 26,062 34. 983 24, 976 1,667 7,760 10,510 62,871 ' 32,461 9,189 16,782 11. 337 8.644 1,256 9,116 5,915 8, 983 8,585 3. 650 36,995 340,083 6.914 12,592 20,246 47,904 162.296 5,230 4.800 5.800 30. 903 34. 429 7,500 63,598 45, 258 20,280 20,280 6,596 6,633 26, 052 23, 002 6, 596 1,891 1. 329. 612 802. 611 46. 227 6, 633 26,052 23, 002 98 2 76,364 3,418 11,981 24. 975 1,657 7,760 10, 510 6.124 32, 451 9,189 16.782 9,622 8. 644 1,255 9, 116 1,657 7,750 10,510 31,696 32.451 9, 189 16,782 9,622 8,644 1.255 9,116 6, 915 3,983 7, 015 3,650 36,995 340. 083 -5, 914 12,592 20, 246 37,231 83, 743 6, 188 4,800 5, 800 28. 259 34,429 7,500 62,758 28, 434 68,341 8,901 25,672 21,175 1,416,683 2,653,495 82,688 1,716 186, 000 5,440 5, 915 3. 983 7, 015 2, 100 36,995 340, 083 5,914 1,570 1, 550 141, 218 8,473 12, 592 20,246 122, 000 245,891 290,764 60, 317 7,820 10,309 15,287 1,694 37, 231 10,673 78,558 42 412,707 56, 215 750 83,743 5,188 4,800 5.800 28, 259 34,429 7,500 39, 331 27, 242 2.643 23, 422 1, 192 845 16.824 227,965 8. 098,164 1 3,675 108, 207 1,113,957 7, 955 25,000 2,195 6.754 5.754 70,834 19,716 10,450 11,710 7. 320 9,806 8. 692, 52, 119 14, 251 7,032 15,213 7, 300 25, 000 2, 195 6.754 5.754 70,834 19,716 10.168 11,710 7,320 9,f>6 8, 692 52, 119 1, 001 7,032 15, 198 7, 300 25,000 2, 195 5,754 5,754 70,834 19.716 10,450 11,710 7,3$0 9,806 8, 692 52. 119 1. 001 7. 032 15, 198 655 17, 000 1.020 34,713 140, 272 23,611 282 33, 520 3,700,856 1,393. 836 119,888 13,250 288, 198 2, 484,864 6,467 90,711 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 10 n 12 13 14 li 17 18 1? 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 ■fr U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 0—1944 I - - . - biennial survey of education in the united states 1938-40 STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN VOLUME n CHAPTER V FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 1939-1940 VOLUME II CHAPTER V By ELISE H. MARTENS Senior Specialist in the Education of Exceptional Children and EMERY M. FOSTER Chief, Division of Statistics FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY Paul V. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION John W. Studebaker, Commissioner 1 Acknowledgment The statistical work on this bulletin was done by Mary M. Willhoite, statistical clerk, under the supervision of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics, and Elise H. Martens, Senior Specialist in the Education of Excep¬ tional Children, Division of Special Problems UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1942 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. O. Price 30 cents Contents Page Explanatory Comments _ 1 Significant Trends _ 3 Exceptional children in secondary schools _ 3 Home and hospital instruction _ 4 Supervision _ 5 Administration of residential schools _ 5 Summary _ 6 Tables 1. Historical summary of statistics reported for special schools and classes in city school systems _ 7 2. Historical summary of statistics for public and private residential schools for exceptional children _ 9 3. Distribution, by grade levels and by types, of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40_ _ 10 4. Summary for continental United States for public and private resi¬ dential schools for exceptional children and for special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 11 5. Total enrollment in public and private residential schools for excep¬ tional children and in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 12 6. Total number of teachers of exceptional children in public and private residential schools and in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 14 7. Data on special supervisors, principals, and other nonteaching staff giving half or more than half time to exceptional children in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 16 8. Enrollment in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 22 9. Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction, city school systems, 1939-40 _ 24 10. Number of teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by States and types of chil¬ dren _ 25 11. Salary expenditures for teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 26 12. Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by cities and types of children. _ 28 13. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 45 hi IV CONTENTS Page 14. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 52 15. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for SPEECH- DEFECTIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 59 16. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1 939-40 . _ 65 17. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DELICATE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40__ 84 18. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for EPILEPTIC children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1 939-40 _ _ 94 19. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFICIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 96 20. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for TRUANTS OR BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 _ 111 21. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY GIFTED children in special schools and classes in city school sys¬ tems, 1939-40 _ 114 22. Enrollment in public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 115 23. Number of teachers of exceptional children in public and private residential schools, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 116 24. Receipts of public and private residential schools for exceptional chil¬ dren, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 117 25. Expenditures for instruction (teachers’ salaries, books, etc.,) in public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1939-40, by States and types of children _ 119 26. Public and private residential schools for the BLIND, 1939-40: A. Institutional data _ 120 B. Educational data _ 127 27. Public and private residential schools for the DEAF, 1939-40: A. Institutional data _ 134 B. Educational data _ 143 28. Public and private residential schools for MENTALLY DEFICIENT children, 1939-40: A. Institutional data _ 152 B. Educational data _ 162 29. Public and private residential schools for DELINQUENT children, 1939-40: A. Institutional data _ 170 B. Pupil data _ 180 C. Staff data _ 189 STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN THE DATA assembled for the year 1939-40 on educational pro¬ visions for exceptional children through the organization of special schools and classes indicate further development 1 in this important area of educational service. All education emphasizes provision for individual deviations, and special adjustments are made for many children in the regular classrooms. Blit, unless programs of pre¬ vention function 100 percent, there will always be those for whom adjustment in regular classes cannot be made satisfactorily and who need the special facilities provided in special schools and classes. At least the trend of the years seems to show that city school systems are continuing to give recognition to the need of such special facilities and are serving in this way a larger number of children than ever before. In 1936 there were 297,307 children reported as enrolled in special day schools and classes of various types. In 1940 the total number reported was 313,722. Residential schools, too, are maintaining their rightful places in State educational programs as the agencies best fitted to serve those serious deviates for whom there seems to be no adequate educational opportunity in day schools. Enrollments in the residential schools for the blind, the deaf, the socially maladjusted, and the mentally defi¬ cient have remained relatively stable in the 4 years between 1936 and 1940. The total number reported in 1940 as attending school in these 4 types of institutions in the United States was 71,458. Explanatory Comments The tables incorporated in this statistical report are designed to show (1) summary data for the United States as a whole for special day schools and residential schools combined; (2) summary data for the United States as a whole for day schools and residential schools separately; (3) data for each State and each city; (4) data for each type of exceptional children for whom special schools and classes are in operation. The following items should be kept in mind in the use of the data presented: 1. City schools operating as parts of county unit systems are not included. For example, Florida and West Virginia are organized 1 See previous biennial reports of the U. S. Office of Education for earlier data. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 entirely on the basis of county unit school systems. Their names do not appear in the tables. Since there are only a few special groups operating in each of these States, the totals would not be materially increased by their inclusion. Louisiana and Maryland operate partly on the basis of county units, the largest city systems being inde¬ pendent of such organization. These large city systems are therefore included, but the much smaller enrollments of county systems are not. It may be said, therefore, that the totals given in the tables are conservative, with the possibility of revision upward if all school systems (both city and county) had been incorporated. 2. In every statistical report, possible errors and omissions in the data as submitted must be taken into account. The U. S. Office of Education can compile only the data which are submitted to it by local school systems. Sometimes these are meager or lacking alto¬ gether. On the whole, however, it is believed that the technique developed for the collection of data has resulted in a relatively com¬ plete and accurate report. 3. For the first time, the U. S. Office of Education has reported detailed data on provisions for epileptics in day schools. By far the largest proportion of epileptics in the United States for whom treat¬ ment and education are provided at public expense is found in hospitals especially designed for epileptics and in institutions serving both feeble-minded and epileptics. A few day school systems offer special education to epileptic children, in most cases through home instruc¬ tion. In Detroit an entire special school has been established for them, enrolling 131 children. In Chicago .and Buffalo there are special classes, enrolling, respectively, 19 and 23 pupils. In Battle Creek, Mich., a half-time teacher serves 10 children. It will be in¬ teresting in the years to come to watch the development of this rela¬ tively new phase of special education in day schools. 4. It will be noted that reference is made in several of the statistical tables to mentally deficient children in “high school” or in “secondary grades.” Such a designation is due to the policy that is gaining ground of transferring even seriously retarded children from the elementary to the secondary school when they become of adolescent age. It is not to be understood that such pupils are doing or are capable of doing what has been considered as standard high-school work. They represent the “graduates” of elementary special classes for subnormal children for whom the secondary school has assumed responsibility. The total number thus reported as receiving attention through a modified secondary school program is 8,616 (see table 3). The total reported as enrolled in all special schools and classes for sub¬ normal children in both elementary and secondary schools is 98,339. 5. It has not proved possible to specify in the summary tables the total number of partially seeing children as distinct from the number EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 3 of blind children in day schools, since separation was not made in all cases by the school systems reporting. For the same reason, the total number of deaf pupils cannot be indicated separately from the number who are hard-of-hearing. In the detailed tables relating to these groups (tables 13 and 14) classification is made wherever it appeared in the reports submitted. 6. The variability of trends as indicated for some groups in the historical summary given in table 1 is due to several factors. For the deaf and hard-of-hearing, the apparent decrease from 31 States in 1936 to 30 States in 1940 is not a decrease at all, since county unit systems, not included in this study but included in the 1936 report, would account for the missing State. Similarly for the mentally deficient the 42 States (in 1940) would become 43 if county unit sys¬ tems were included. The fact remains, however, that since 1936 there has been considerable decrease in the number of very small cities (with a population of from 2,500 to 5,000) reporting special classes for the mentally deficient, and a corresponding decrease has occurred in the total number of pupils enrolled. Whether this will become a continuing trend cannot be determined for several years to come. With reference to delicate, socially maladjusted, and gifted children, there has been much difference of conviction as to the merits of special groups. It is not surprising to see the changing situation from one report period to the next. Whether a stabilizing philosophy can be reached with regard to their education is a matter that only time can determine. Significant Trends Exceptional children in secondary schools. — Responsibility for excep¬ tional children has long been accepted by the elementary school as a legitimate part of the service it is expected to render. Secondary schools have been slower to recognize their obligation, but in recent years one finds gratifying indications that the secondary program is being modified to meet the needs of handicapped adolescents. In certain cities high schools have set up special divisions for the classi¬ fication and adjustment of mentally subnormal pupils coming from special classes in elementary schools. In a large number of cities junior high schools are offering to such pupils a modified program of instruction. Physically handicapped adolescents, too, are finding their way in increasing numbers into secondary schools where provision is made for their respective needs. In 1938, the first year in which differential data were gathered for secondary schools, there were 20,935 mentally and physically handi¬ capped children reported as enrolled in special groups on this level. By 1940 this figure had become 24,017. The increase affects all ex- 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 ceptional groups except the speech defective and the gifted, for whom there seems to be a slight unexplained decrease.2 Society is becoming increasingly convinced that every educable ado¬ lescent, without exception, is a legitimate responsibility of the second¬ ary school. The feasibility of offering a modified and a practical edu¬ cational program for mentally and physically handicapped adolescents of all types has been amply demonstrated in certain school systems which have undertaken to discharge this obligation. Much more, however, remains to be done in many more school systems. The necessary adaptations for exceptional children in secondary schools may be brought about through various means. Under favor¬ able conditions of class size and organization, adjustment for an individual pupil within a regular class may be the most desirable pro¬ cedure. The organization of special class groups in certain subjects, with opportunity to work in undifferentiated groups in other areas, appears to be a general pattern of special education being adopted by the secondary school, especially for the mentally handicapped and the gifted. The physically handicapped, with proper equipment and individual coaching as required, are more likely to find their places in the regular class organization, though for these groups, too, there is evidence that differentiated instruction for at least a part of the day is a recognized feature of the program in some communities. In every case, it is essential that there be repeated appraisals of the progress of the child in educational, physical, and personal traits in order to determine at each point what is the next best step in his guidance. Home and hospital instruction. — There is always a relatively large number of children of school age who, while confined to home or hospital because of some physical disability, are nevertheless able to continue their education under guidance for a limited time each day. In 1936 there were 14,304 children reported as receiving instruction in this way. In 1940 their number had increased to 16,909, of whom 8,036 were in hospitals and 8,873 were at home. The groups served to the greatest extent by teachers going to the home or hospital are crippled children who are homebound or who are undergoing correc¬ tive treatment in the hospital. Next in point of number are delicate children, suffering from cardiac difficulties, tubercular or so-called “pre-tubercular” conditions, or other organic weakness. Epileptics, too, share in the program of home and hospital instruction in some cities where no special classes have been organized for them. The total picture is one of the increasing acceptance on the part of city school systems of responsibility for educable children whether or not they are able to attend school. 3 See page 338 of Statistics of City School System, 1937-38, “Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, 1936-38” for the statistical data as of 1938. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 5 Supervision. — In 1936 there were in 64 cities 130 special supervisors of the education of exceptional children, and in 39 additional cities 113 supervising principals were directing the program within their schools for one or more types of handicapped children. In 1940, 72 cities reported 146 special supervisors, 12 of them on part time, who were directly concerned with adjusted instructional programs in special schools and classes. In addition, 56 cities reported 172 super¬ vising principals (11 of them on part time) for units devoted to one or more types of exceptional children. (See table 8.) This growth in the program of special city supervision for excep¬ tional children has been accompanied by a corresponding develop¬ ment in State supervision. In 1920 there were just 3 States in which supervisors of special education of one or more types were func¬ tioning on a State-wide basis. By 1930 their number had increased to 11, by 1940 to 19 (and by 1942 to 23). This is unmistakable evi¬ dence of the fact that States are more and more recognizing the special needs of exceptional children and attempting to stimulate and to guide local programs of education in accordance with the requirements. One State — Pennsylvania — has pioneered in the establishment of county supervision, with special State aid. This arrangement points the way to the possibilities of expansion of services in rural areas. Through continued growth of supervisory services on three levels — State, county, and city — one should be able to expect that ultimately exceptional children everywhere would be located and cared for through an adjusted educational program. Administration of residential schools. — In previous reports of the U. S. Office of Education attention has been called to the fact that resi¬ dential schools for handicapped children are increasingly taking on the nature of real educational institutions and are becoming more inti¬ mately related to the public educational system of the State in which they are located. This trend is continuing to a significant degree. Many of these schools are now being administered directly by or in cooperation with the State department or board of education. This is true of 22 schools for the blind and 33 schools for the deaf. Sixteen schools for the blind and 17 schools for the deaf report administration exclusively by the State’s educational agency. Some of the most recent additions to this group are the Kentucky School for the Blind, Kentucky School for the Deaf, Utah School for the Deaf and Blind, and Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children. Superintendents of schools that are administered by other types of State agencies are becoming more and more conscious of the relation of their schools to the educational program of the State and are report¬ ing in increasing measure some form of cooperative arrangement or supervisory service from the State’s educational body. This is true 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 even of schools for juvenile delinquents, for which the administration still rests largely in the hands of public welfare or institutional agencies. Regardless of where the direct control of these residential schools lies, those in immediate charge of them have a deep responsibility for the education of the boys and girls enrolled; and the educators of the State, in turn, have a responsibility for assisting the schools to meet this obligation according to modern educational practice. The old theory of isolating handicapped children in order to educate them holds no more weight in the case of residential schools than of day schools. Handicapped boys and girls are a part of the total popula¬ tion, and, except for custodial cases, need to learn to take their places in the world beside normal people. So, too, schools and classes for the handicapped are a part of the total school program and need to take their places along with all other schools and classes as integral parts of the State and the community educational systems. Summary Ini 940, 313, 722 children needing special attention because of a marked deviation from normal were receiving instruction in special day schools or classes, in the hospital, or at home. These children were reported by 729 different cities located in 43 3 States and the District of Colum¬ bia. When to these are added 71,458 children in 375 public or private residential schools of Continental United States 4, the total becomes 385,180. This is the largest number of children in such schools and classes that has ever been reported. Yet it still represents only about one-tenth of the estimated 5 number of exceptional children for whom some special educational adjustment should be made. These 385,180 children were in 1940 served by the equivalent of 15,893 full-time teachers, 10,188 of whom were in city school systems and 5,705 in residential schools. Expenditures for instructional pur¬ poses amounted to more than 30 million dollars, but the additional costs of institutional maintenance in residential schools made the total budgets exceed 80 million dollars. In interpreting this statistical summary, one must keep in mind the changes that have come about in recent years in the practices of special schools and classes. The days are past when “special education” for exceptional children was synonymous with ‘ ‘isolation. ’ ’ Special classes for the handicapped are no longer separated groups, kept in little com¬ partments of their own. Deliberately opportunities are planned for 3 If States operating under county unit systems were included in the study, this number would be 45. Mississippi, Nevada, and New Mexico are the only States from which no special classes are reported. 4 In addition, 730 children were reported in special residential schools in outlying parts of the United States. (See table 2.) 5 Estimated on a very conservative basis as follows: Blind and partially seeing, 65,000; deaf and hard-of- hearing, 400,000; mentally deficient, 500,000; behavior problems, 750,000; delicate, 300,000; crippled, 100,000; speech-defective, 1,000,000; mentally gifted, 500,000; total, 3,615,000. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 7 work and play with normal children to the extent to which both groups can profit by such association. Nevertheless, under existing school organization , adjustment in special groups is for many quite as essential as it has ever been, whether it be on an all-day or a part-time basis. Local conditions determine local programs, and no situation in a par¬ ticular city or State can arbitrarily set the pattern for every other city or State. Through a variety of programs, States, counties, and cities are studying their responsibility toward exceptional children and the possibilities of making improved arrangements to meet the local needs. Table 1. — Historical summary of statistics reported for special schools and classes in city school systems 1 [All data given below are from statistical reports compiled by the U. S. Office of Education] Year Number of States and Cities Report¬ ing Special Schools and Classes i Number of pupils enrolled . States Cities 1 2 3 4 1. BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING 1922 _ __ _ ... . _ _ _ 12 44 (3) 4, 465 5,308 7, 251 8,875 1927 _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 80 1932 _ _ 20 95 1936 _ _ _ _ _ 27 161 1940 _ _ 28 181 2. DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING 1922 _ 16 74 2, 911 1927 _ _ _ 22 83 3, 515 1932 _ _ _ 24 116 4, 434 1936 _ _ _ _ - 31 168 9,318 1940 _ ... _ . . . . 3 30 168 13, 478 3. MENTALLY DEFICIENT 1922 _ _ _ _ 23 133 23,252 1927 _ _ _ _ 32 218 51, 814 1932 .... . . _ _ 39 483 75, 099 1936 - . . 43 643 99, 621 1940 . - - 342 565 98, 416 4. CRIPPLED 1930 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 81 13, 120 1932 _ _ _ - 24 145 16, 166 1936 _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 301 24, 865 1940 . . . . . . . . . 31 356 25, 784 5. DELICATE 1930 4 . . . . . . 27 81 19, 153 1932... . . . . . . 28 135 24,020 1936 . . . . . . . . . . 30 150 23, 517 1940 . . . . . . 27 166 26, 792 See footnotes at end of table. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 1. — Historical summary of statistics reported for special schools and classes in city school systems — Continued Year Number of States and Cities Report¬ ing Special Schools and Classes 1 Number of pupils enrolled States Cities * 2 3 4 6. SOCIALLY MALADJUSTED 1930* _ _ _ 20 44 9,543 14, 354 1932 _ _ _ _ 24 58 1936 _ _ 20 45 12, 653 10, 477 1940 . - _ 25 50 7. SPEECH-DEFECTIVE 1932 4 _ (J) 22 (3) 123 22,735 116, 770 126, 146 1936 ... ... _ _ 1940 _ 29 144 8. MENTALLY GIFTED 1932 4 _ (2) (*) 14 1936 __ - _ 9 1940 - .. _ _ 9 12 9. EPILEPTIC 1940 V 13 1 Includes home and hospital instruction. * Data not available. * If West Virginia, operating on a county unit system, were included, this number would be increased by one. 4 Previous data not available. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 9 Table 2. — Historical summary of statistics for public and private residential schools for exceptional children [All data given below are from statistical reports compiled by the U. S. Office of Education] Number of- Year by type States re¬ ported 1 Schools re¬ ported 2 3 4 Pupils re¬ ported 1 2 3 4 Blind: 1922 _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 48 4,634 5,245 5, 530 5,851 1927 _ _ _ _ _ ... 41 51 1931 _ _ _ _ 41 55 1936 _ _ 41 55 1940 _ _ _ 40 50 5,870 Deaf: 1922 _ _ • 43 75 11, 417 13, 928 14, 854 15, 366 1927 _ 44 76 1931 . . . - _ _ 45 83 1936 ... _ _ _ _ _ 45 79 1940 . . . . 45 79 14, 673 3 21, 889 3 21, 806 31, 174 29, 109 20 Mentally deficient: 1936 . . . . . 47 130 1940 . . . . . . . . . 46 104 Delinquent: 1936 . . _ . - . _ 49 154 1940 . . - . . . . 49 142 Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii: Blind: 1936 . . . . . . __ 1 1940 _ _ _ _ 1 23 Deaf: 1936 _ _ _ 1 76 1940 _ _ 1 81 Mentally deficient, 1940. . _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 77 Delinquent, 1940 . . .. _ _ _ 1 40 Philippine Islands: Blind: 1927. _ _ _ _ 1 21 1936 ... _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 ‘20 1940 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 18 Deaf: 1927. . . . . . . 1 101 1936 _ _ _ 1 ‘ 120 1940 . _ _ 1 141 Delinquent, 1940 . . . . . . . 1 235 Puerto Rico: Blind: 1922.. . . . . 1 32 1927 . . 1 38 1936 _ _ _ 1 50 1940.. _ _ _ _ _ 1 54 Deaf: 1922... . . . . . . . . 1 37 1927... _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 38 1931 _ _ _ 1 36 1936 _ _ _ _ _ 1 63 1940 _ _ _ 1 61 Delinquent, 1936 . . . ... ... ... . . _ 1 244 Total number of children (all types), 1939-40: Continental United States _ _ _ _ . . 71,458 Outlying parts _ . .. . . . _ 730 1 Including the District of Columbia. 2 If departments for Negroes were reported as separate schools they were so treated in this column. 3 Includes only children reported for school work. 4 Reported in school for “deaf and blind,” without being distributed. Distribution estimated. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 11 12 .2 I HNOO- 00 00 © 1— c Tf N IO < CCCCNh CM CM © ^ CM X O CO 05 o H ©CM a 5 co .2 H 9 cJ n -■gg eh^- © ^ CO © o O oo 00 CO CDOcDNN 00 lOTfHOM CM ^ CM CO © 1-1 » O « N lO O O C ) © © CO * © 00 CO O CM CM ^ 1-H © © CO © CM C a £ O *-• © CM CO © ©CM cm" © CM 00 © © rt< © CO CO CM CO ^ CM © © CM CM CM CO © CO - ) © CM © CO ‘8§§2§ 3 5 ? a _-o h S C8 £ ft’0'0 a >» §:§£? Ip •© CO CO B a * ^ oo © co 1 © © CM I"* ©*-•*-' cm" cm" © © 00 CM ^ © i-T© o COCM©^rH I CO f-H © © 00 © CM *-< © CO © © •© © 00 CM CO »— * © CM © »-h © - CM O0^©i-H00 ©HTf HCO < H CM r-. H CM 1-H CM NH p s « S'S cj 9 2 o 2 35 5'Cjh C3 o c aj^2 o OfifeO o cfl w t o ~ 03 a O o3 .2 3 >. OT O 2 Si 5 2 a — 03 O SSWM .3 = .«*- .22 a >> w .c fw^ HHHH® SEEEE SSSSfc ZZZZZ, 908 ‘Z | 6f€‘ZZ \W& I W8‘6 i S8Z I 0ZZ ‘S8 i Zll‘Z i 9Z6‘Z I - - - - - ^o. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 13 05 *0 05 rt< c* CO CO »-» hmSSS CO CO CO 05 00 CO rH C^iO ;23 05 05 05 CO CO H o CO 00 CO CO 00 05 > CO O OCOOiOC I O C5 NTt^^COC IHCO NIOHOOC CO 05 l lO C/D ^ w (D ^OQl a 2 a s o .®5oo® P-iWccojE-i .s« £33 OJ ■2-0 3 W Ph Ph cm3 'a'S !>. ^'O 464993°— 42- 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 •2 I 1 g 3! X X ONN05‘ O CO CO 00 iO iO ^ Is'. eo N o ^ o ^ CT5 rH »o o^c^^oo co co co 0 C3 r\ »Q H"S2 ft-0 a 'OWOOO ^‘0 0^0 05 50 Cl ' < ^ C* O* O* CO CO ^ CO CO N O 50 N ^ r^ < 11 s o *c & ^ s "g CD .!* "5 o "§ T 8 S N«pHM o t ^ w a >> 5s bfl *3.3 111 5a ~ S3< i-H co i oo IS 8 ^ £ a »2 Cflj'32 ' ' “S^ 3 C3-S a_jll i« a 3 8 g£ > & & £s is £ LH ;r ,r a> ® ® ® ® ® £££££ SZS ‘Z I 9 I fZI 1 54891 ‘I I I |5488£ l Z8I I 6S |54lSE \Vim EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 15 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Types of Children Served Mentally gifted X X i i i i i ' ^ ■ X Truants or be¬ havior problems ‘D XX X XX i ; x X Mentally deficient XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX X X Epileptic eo xxxx XX X Delicate XXXXX xxx XXX Crippled - xxxxxx XXXX i X X Speech- defective ® xxxxxx xxxx X Deaf and hard-of- hearing ot xxx i X Blind and par¬ tially seeing 0© XXX X xxxx : x XX Other Non- Teaching Staff! Salary 00 O O 1 ffg ; 00 CO 1 • Tf ' CM 1 CO • 3, 100 o o lO o Num¬ ber CM rH . CM j ! ,H Special Prin¬ cipals Salary © CM *0 CT> »D US 6. 220 3, 420 2,250 8 i 00 • CM~ ! o o o o o o © *o © © O c CM TP CD CM CM CM Num¬ ber ^8 . J- *3 M « ,£5 * & « bx p o A Los Angeles . . . (I) Oakland _ _ ___(!) Pasadena.. . .(II) Sacramento _ . _fl) San Bernardino... _ .III) O bi o 5 p 03 U1 San Francisco.. . ---(I) Santa Barbara _ (II) oauta xvusa _ Uiij Connecticut BridgeDort _ _ fl) Hartford _ _ (I) New Britain _ _ III) New Haven. . .(I) New London _ (II) West Haven _ _ fill Delaware Wilmington. __ . _.(I) Georgia Atlanta.. . ..(I) EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 17 Table 7. — Data on special supervisors , principals , and other non-teaching staff giving half or more than half time to exceptional children in city school systems , 1939-40 — Continued Types or Children Served BIENNI >, 1*2 og > 16 tr* 5URVI :y i OF ix El DU( :a & . O H 1 938— 4 C x i ) X X Truants or be¬ havior problems XX X Mentally deficient XXX ix < i XXX XXX X X Epileptic CO X | Delicate XXX xx i XXX X Crippled 1 - XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX X Speech- defective 1 ' © X X i xx XXX X X X Deaf and hard-of- hearing © xx : xx i XXX i x X X Blind and par¬ tially seeing ao XXX xx i XXX i x X Other Non- Teaching Staff 1 Salary O‘OOOOWWH00iCO COOCOOCCOt^CMC^C^O* •^•^OCO^(NCDCD»OOOW CO pf i-H CO CO CM* r-T 1 37, 733 10, 865 225 5, 045 Num¬ ber © £jrt 2 »-h sgags I CO lO ^ »o co *o cm cm *o m o cm *o i-h >occoh co fH CM I- Truants behavi problei a © • CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ', i i 1 ! Mentally deficient oo C* eo CO oo o» 244 37 6,840 374 2, 606 489 619 4, 252 1, 824 1, 308 233 376 220 75 6,995 7,506 6, 739 2,637 1,329 210 212 223 4, 866 18, 856 482 27 6, 065 699 Epileptic - w © | | 8 61 TXT 1 CO III! 1 CM 1 • 1 • 1 till 1 till Delicate CO »o rj* | rH ;S ! co 457 1 00 cm cm 05 c i CM rH ^ CO ^ IH ^ ! CM 48 268 287 3, 354 223 362 05 »o 40 ' CO ' 05 ©CO ICI 1 CO 1 r-t 1 00 Crippled »o 14,565 i 15 1, 045 CO 1 2,693 419 147 UU 10 16 334 21 2,041 481 413 9 co b- ' ' ^ cm © cm i i co r>- CO CM 1 1 -f co ' ' rH Speech- defective - o> o' 208 13, 137 1, 025 40 O ^ © 1 ^ $3 SS !| «S ci j ^ O i O Cl N 00 00 O ' DIO i CO CO 00 O 05 O ' O CM i CM Tf 40 CO COCO • co ii-TiooccT csf i 6,693 35, 770 152 329 Deaf and hard-of- hearing eo 13, 471 ■ © rH C5 l C > 05 CO CM 1 C • co • au 763 1, 048 105 395 20 24 129 280 2,038 625 228 155 8 1, 884 975 702 164 Blind and partially seeing 1 £5 00 oo 96 ex m 35 ! ® NOOOOH CO 1 1 i, , g, 1 ! 244 2, 506 1, 216 0-5 2 0 05 ™ § go o 2 SEs'&o £ °SS2 ai2o^ £ 'Z »2 cj O O^a; — _ >ca m a .s-i a o'3 fl >» co jz3 O E2 s.o * & I > ■ 8 m £ « =? * * ©OQ r* fc-E'g.s.s i o -*a O S3 a ■’O fe S g g '3 S S2.5 .22o-S££ ooo33 2 Ilww3 SSSSS SSZZZ fcfcfcoo EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 23 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 9. — Children enrolled for home and hospital instruction, city school systems, 1939-40 State Blind and partial¬ ly see¬ ing Deaf and hard-of- hearing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epilep¬ tic Men¬ tally defici¬ ent Total • 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 0 Continental United States. 63 17 19 11,209 5,217 307 77 16,909 33 33 California . 4 4 18 2, 062 1, 352 32 21 3,493 8 37 4 49 63 63 20 1, 559 1, 579 Indiana _ 351 212 563 Iowa _ 40 84 124 Kentucky _ 58 117 2 7 184 Louisiana _ 35 35 Maine _ _ _ 45 45 Maryland _ 334 62 396 M n.sfwinhnsfltts 3 2 089 275 12 9 2, 388 Michigan . . 24 132 231 387 Missouri _ 349 349 Nebraska _ 72 72 New Hampshire _ _ _ 12 33 1 46 New Jersey _ 1 565 279 12 5 862 New York... _ _ _ _ 1, 558 989 223 2, 770 Ohio _ _ 1 1 1 559 513 19 1, 094 Oklahoma _ 23 23 Oregon _ 88 77 165 Pennsylvania _ 464 61 29 554 Rhode Island . . . . . 199 2 2 3 206 Tennessee 10 26 33 69 Utah . 42 42 Virginia _ _ 8 5 13 Washington _ _ _ 591 114 705 Wisconsin . . . . . 303 294 3 600 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 25 Table 10. — Number of teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939—40, by State and type of children State or District of Columbia Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of- hear- ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total (class¬ room) Home and hospi¬ tal teach¬ ers ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Continental United States . . . 569 613 438 815 865)4 9 M 4,895)4 480)4 93 8,806 1,381*$ 1 12 2 3 18 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 38H 1 60M 4 50 85 48 320 117 21 740 287)4 10 15 30 8 1 4 19 134 166 7 19 19 2 1 30 2 35 3 1 1 69 34 6 76 23 157 85 1 303 101 815 )4 125 90 ‘ 7)4 8 9)4 9 14 14 72 2 4 1 m 5 47)4 14 78 14 Transas 1 3 7 25 Kentucky _ _ 7 2 1 3 1 19 2 35 7 Louisiana 8 2 6 1 18 5 40 1 Maine, _ . _ 1 1 2 5 9 4 Maryland _ 8 8 8 17 8 242 4 22 317 13 Massachusetts _ 38 49 29 1 21 459 11 608 214 Michigan... . 5634 30 63 50 96 133 7)4 279 46 7 738 23 Minnesota _ 24 28 24)4 10 156 1 273)4 162 Missouri _ 5 17 14 18 14 70 24 11 Montana _ 2 8 10 Nebraska _ 1 1 10 12 4 New Hamphire . .. 1 13 1 2 17 7 New Jersev _ 21 29 22 38 24 288 41 463 130 New York . . 146)4 74 59 182 388)4 1 993 13 6 1,863 269 North Carolina . .. 1 20 21 North Dakota _ 2 2 Ohio . . 83 68 )4 2 86 4 278 26 24 671)4 35)4 51 164 Oklahoma 2 XA 6 27 2 Oregon 2 5 4 3 31 6 28 Vt 30 Pennsylvania 23 17 45 M 4 21 35 613)4 40 34 5 794 Rhode Island 6 3 11 64 17 South Carolina .... 1 3 8 12 South Dakota 2 2 Tennessee 3 3 2 5 9 4 26 4 Texas _ 1 5 1 2 17 34 7 2 28)4 9 Utah _ _ 1 1 1 Vermont _ 2 2 Virginia _ 6 4 3 1 9 30)4 96 6 59)4 1393^ 287 )4 4 11 W ashington 10 12 X 63 8)4 40 1 11H 1 14 34 20 Wisconsin _ 9 33 16 125)4 4 1 Wyoming District of Columbia. 5 9 5 59 13 91 Table 11. — Salary expenditures for teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939—40 , by State and type of 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 ■£ £ os 2xs 1=3 fl ccs a> g<§ 0/ o '2 c. bo §?.g •s'SS <5 c3 2 !I2 03 cc 5° ‘O CO 05 2 S rH lO »C © O O CO O CO co co oo 0 W Tf o O co t-T oo" o* r>T SioSloS §«§HO ooSSo NChOCO C* ^ 00 03 0 10 00 03 "fail ls"2-s g^'g ss Tt< 03 CO (N o 03 I CN 03 ' CO *o 00 £ lo O NOCO 03 CO JO rH CO (NOON CO o c t-T rH ci O O CO rt< OO *C 0*0 rH s?§ a S3 U- ^ CS < ^frC^rH 00 00 rH CM io ^ 03 CO CO fcO rH rH 8E lO rH CO rf O CO Tt- cc *o co 00 Tf« rH lO 00 (M ! oo" o" rH Tf" > c3 M a 2 o3 O c«^02*j.S2 P w ,C s S.sal c8---“-2-s a'SSos.a ■ofesss os as cs .a .a o«o2S 33333 .31 si sill s^Zfclz; ZZZo EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN— SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 27 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 12 .—Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems,1 1939-40, by city and type of children Group I.-CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 City Total _ Alabama Birmingham _ California Long Beach... Los Angeles.. . Oakland _ Sacramento. _. San Diego _ San Francisco. Colorado Denver.. . . C ONNECTICUT Bridgeport. . Hartford _ New Haven. Delaware Wilmington _ District of Columbia Washington _ Georgia Atlanta. . Illinois Chicago . Peoria _ Indiana Fort Wayne Gary _ Indianapolis. South Bend. Iowa Des Moines _ Kansas Wichita . . Kentucky Louisville.. . Louisiana New Orleans _ Exceptional children enrolled Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing 7, 226 43 300 10 Speech defec¬ tive 10, 280 2 15 97 62 30 Includes home and hospital »25 359 20 24 pupils 103, 332 255 3, 662 1,363 686 207 2,247 3, 321 Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate 20, 760 19 1, 508 96 25 54 738 27 87 5,330 0 364 3,250 » u 2 134 80 23, 726 537 102 648 Epi¬ leptic 1, 893 94 22 35 7 453 Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems 75, 244 116 4, 367 315 128 108 1,294 299 619 3, 716 63 2 905 220 9, 731 248 Men¬ tally gifted 2, 652 257 25 1,043 109 614 Total 253, 404 571 14, 177 4, 326 5,853 1, 400 414 674 1,022 4, 852 756 17, 176 239 19 652 2, 925 62 * 1, 079 487 1,022 data. * Enrollment not given. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 29 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient. Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Maryland 140 280 1,260 668 330 6, 995 55 Massachusetts 182 406 3, 613 108 967 148 2,238 248 151 20 94 88 183 Fall River _ 47 645 154 20 35 464 20 35 113 60 68 11 412 11 118 31 151 23 87 472 458 602 Michigan Detroit _ _ 593 296 7,868 991 1, 125 2,552 221 131 3, 770 534 Flint 33 25 95 328 2 94 2 44 2 919 2 146 3 363 2 350 3 268 Minnesota Duluth 30 11 0 1, 586 554 42 92 301 Minneapolis 163 112 308 98 1,058 708 St. Paul 89 44 117 15 Missouri Kansas City 15 46 122 144 533 298 St. Louis _ _ 58 109 1, 931 228 567 589 238 Nebraska Omaha 45 110 New Jersey Camden _ _ 19 17 150 63 Elizabeth, . . 33 19 (*) 3, 741 2, 952 (*) 27 7 121 153 Jersey City _ 44 1,707 124 357 305 341 295 Newark _ 71 294 96 1, 539 248 79 Paterson _ 38 26 35 112 31 Trenton _ 47 40 225 New York Albany, . . . 46 25 243 450 Buffalo . . 163 23 4, 584 27, 153 1,485 361 447 23 2,163 11, 858 781 New York. . 1, 977 38 492 3, 458 136 7,858 154 223 271 Rochester _ 196 65 Syracuse . . . 60 41 212 115 133 Utica . . 2 44 2 87 2 89 Yonkers ... 49 92 211 North Carolina Charlotte, . 35 378 Ohio Akron _ _ 33 50 141 6 3 100 Canton, _ 25 24 70 Cincinnati _ 122 63 231 395 1,358 448 Cleveland _ 359 218 220 2, 409 358 1, 262 Columbus _ 57 45 122 134 417 Dayton _ 42 59 213 24 4 25 Toledo,, . . 88 72 289 11 6 390 Youngstown. _ 70 13 88 295 Total 9,728 7,705 741 1, 365 20 699 311 1, 642 1,693 2 2, 184 476 3, 325 1, 527 1, 158 3, 720 155 249 360 6,790 5, 155 490 312 764 7,764 53, 290 2, 855 561 2 220 352 413 333 119 2,617 4,468 1, 133 367 856 * 1938 data. » Enrollment not given. 464993° — 42 - 3 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 , by city and type of children — Continued Group I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940-Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Oklahoma Oklahoma City _ 61 414 475 Tulsa . * _ 164 328 34 274 800 Oregon 23 35 ,2 133 663 '2 988 Pennsylvania Erie _ _ 20 95 643 63 41 504 1,366 Philadelphia _ 305 556 7, 708 711 452 8, 758 790 19, 280 25 27 4, 566 193 62 711 5,584 Reading _ 37 2, 323 2 108 243 2,713 Scranton _ 153 153 Rhode Island Providence. . 46 1,932 190 169 461 2,798 Tennessee Chattanooga . . 10 10 Knoxville _ 90 90 Memphis _ 18 15 27 129 174 363 Nashville. _ 29 40 26 11 104 136 346 Texas Dallas 266 111 67 444 Fort Worth. _ 10 10 Houston _ 7 131 150 288 Utah Salt Lake City _ 104 324 42 227 697 Virginia ' Norfolk 12 25 254 65 202 558 Richmond _ 37 15 (3) 8 160 183 107 510 Washington Seattle. _ 111 52 605 534 114 757 496 2,669 Spokane _ 14 46 417 9 108 30 624 Tacoma 31 16 313 21 41 305 727 Wisconsin Milwaukee _ 106 142 2,342 253 455 1, 401 4,699 * Enrollment not given. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 31 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems. 1939-40 , by city and type of children — Continued Group n.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total _ 1, 151 2, 118 14, 677 3, 620 2, 451 27 13, 640 663 456 38, 803 Arizona 12 12 17 33 37 87 Arkansas Little Rock. . .. 208 15 223 California 30 22 52 169 57 36 84 346 10 (3) (3) 35 48 76 169 8 31 30 16 356 81 453 160 65 152 30 407 45 29 545 43 145 2 45 854 Riverside 35 27 10 72 San Bernardino _ 48 228 45 — 96 417 San Jose _ _ 2 77 2 99 * 21 ■ *197 Santa Ana . . 4 1 4 15 26 24 73 Santa Barbara _ 1 11 48 3 r 65 Santa Monica . . (3) 227 55 55 Stockton 19 101 9 356 Colorado Colorado Springs 2 25 *25 Connecticut Meriden _ - 73 73 New Britain _ 11 74 55 140 New London _ 16 88 104 Norwalk _ _ 58 58 Norwich _ - 42 42 Stamford 2 83 2 83 Waterbury 20 189 209 West Haven _ ' 60 60 Illinois Alton _ 15 19 34 Aurora: East Side 11 15 26 West Side _ 8 8 Bloomington _ 21 35 63 Cicero _ 11 38 49 Danville 13 8 71 92 Up(*atnr 13 18 31 East St. Louis 15 62 77 Elgin 15 19 17 51 Evanston (District No 75) 15 22 37 Joliet 21 9 11 62 15 118 Moline 11 2 13 Oak Park 19 :::::::: _ 19 Quinny 16 14 30 Roekford 23 22 r""'” 44 16 203 308 Rook Island 20 11 31 Springfield 13 21 42 1 . . 76 Waukegan. . 13 I 1 . 13 * 1938 data. * Enrollment not given. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Indiana 12 22 848 25 907 64 13 358 435 589 305 894 256 256 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ 2 1 9 12 21 3 20 7 75 35 365 13 15 128 556 65 10 24 99 1 25 26 Sioux City 12 39 162 213 Kansas Topeka.. _ 117 92 209 Kentucky Lexington... . 32 62 36 130 Maine Portland _ 12 129 45 48 56 290 Massachusetts Arlington. . 23 124 147 Brockton. _ 20 178 11 102 311 Brookline.. _ 54 54 Chelsea . . . 10 44 36 17 128 235 Chicopee. . . 11 29 90 130 Everett _ 12 71 26 74 15 198 Fitchburg . . 15 105 120 Holyoke . . 12 29 145 186 Lawrence _ 79 79 Lynn . . . 11 174 546 55 23 225 1,034 Malden . . 27 117 144 Medford _ 10 (3) 11 16 111 148 Newton _ 15 67 29 179 290 Pittsfield. . . 9 11 54 74 Quincy . . 32 149 181 Revere. . . 11 813 9 79 912 Salem. . . 18 18 Taunton _ 9 71 80 Waltham _ 18 180 198 Watertown _ 12 (3) 14 87 113 Michigan Battle Creek.. _ 23 25 50 77 26 10 422 62 695 Bay City _ 11 37 98 146 Dearborn (Fordson District) . _ _ 23 28 426 82 175 734 Hamtramck _ 8 23 110 131 212 484 Highland Park.... 26 130 20 65 95 336 Jackson 24 26 (3) 29 82 432 164 757 Kalamazoo. . 19 38 76 73 144 350 Lansing . 15 21 18 77 23 160 314 Muskegon . . 15 9 27 51 Pontiac... . 28 27 55 Saginaw.... . . 14 21 43 96 174 3 Enrollment not given. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 33 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 t 8 9 10 11 Missouri Joplin . 20 26 46 St? Joseph _ 17 - 116 25 158 467 20 487 Montana Butte _ _ 300 75 375 Nebraska 8 36 85 129 New Hampshire Manchester _ 12 21 16 49 Nashua _ 3 1 67 16 87 New Jersey Atlantic City _ 12 102 53 167 Bayonne _ 8 42 30 124 107 311 Bloomfield., _ 24 88 112 Clifton. _ _ _ 8 58 66 East Orange . . 17 44 61 Hoboken _ . 24 68 92 Irvington _ _ 13 3 29 45 Kearny . . _ 22 22 Montclair _ . 11 14 102 127 North Bergen _ 6 9 15 Orange _ 52 29 63 144 Passaic... _ 27 105 132 Plainfield _ 127 127 South Orange . 10 13 23 Union City. .. ... 11 148 159 West New York... 52 12 64 New York Amsterdam _ J 47 2 39 >86 Auburn . . 12 20 22 113 167 Binghamton _ * 31 2 90 2 108 2 281 >510 Elmira . . 14 21 28 138 201 Jamestown _ 15 380 ' 7 132 534 Mount Vernon _ 17 17 104 138 New Rochelle _ 30 527 44 46 141 788 Niagara Falls . 18 (3) 35 62 305 39 459 Poughkeepsie _ 61 102 163 Rome... .. _ 51 51 Schenectady _ 13 13 1,413 46 291 1, 776 1 36 Troy: Lansingburg District _ .. 2 36 Union District . 12 28 42 82 Watertown ... 16 53 White Plains 58 124 160 342 North Dakota Fargo _ 24 24 * 1938 data. * Enrollment not given. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Ohio Cleveland Heights. 33 8 3 64 108 East Cleveland _ 16 25 126 3 40 210 2 32 2 15 2 33 2 17 2 97 19 7 2 29 57 28 2 15 2 111 2 134 15 14 55 39 123 Mansfield _ 26 21 18 8 1 57 131 17 26 4 21 68 Newark. _ 12 20 25 57 Norwood _ 2 25 2 26 2 51 Portsmouth. .. .. 22 21 13 56 Springfield _ 25 15 33 15 1 93 182 15 19 29 63 18 8 33 2 61 14 13 24 3 1 55 Oklahoma Muskogee _ 1 11 12 Pennsylvania Allentown _ 65 152 168 383 Altoona _ 308 308 Bethlehem . 39 39 Easton . . . 173 173 Harrisburg . 12 93 320 425 Hazleton _ 24 18 42 Johnstown... _ 558 75 633 Lancaster _ 745 139 884 McKeesport _ 60 60 New Castle 16 70 86 Norristown 182 182 Williamsport _ 55 55 York _ 621 101 722 Rhode Island Cranston.. . 19 50 69 Newport. . . 55 13 68 Pawtucket . . 23 32 55 South Carolina Charleston . . 44 212 256 Columbia _ ... 31 31 Greenville _ 15 15 Texas El Paso. . . 20 82 102 Waco _ 10 11 26 47 Virginia Danville _ 12 12 Newport News _ 32 32 Petersburg. _ _ 25 25 Portsmouth... _ 93 93 Roanoke. _ ... 12 206 17 50 39 324 Washington Everett . . 21 114 135 > 1938 data. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 35 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total > 2 3 4 5 6 ! 8 9 10 n Wisconsin Eau Claire 21 41 39 101 Green Bay 45 (3) 37 34 116 Kenosha 8 501 64 32 116 721 La Crosse 17 195 46 19 52 329 Madison 18 33 484 353 109 997 Oshkosh _ .. . 15 27 385 6 91 62 586 Racine 17 753 36 66 872 Sheboygan _ 11 318 28 15 70 442 Superior _ _ . ! y 16 434 36 t 66 559 West Allis _ 231 57 32 320 _ Group IIL— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Total _ 422 843 6, 757 1,143 522 u! 7, 265 47 147 ' 17, 159 California Bakersfield... . 12 12 Beverlv Hills _ (*) 9 9 Burlingame. 401 - ! 401 Compton _ 162 3 24 — . ... .. 189 Eureka _ 7 207 10 224 Modesto _ 11 13 _ " 24 Monrovia _ . 4 4 Palo Alto _ ... 1 494 9 17 13 — — 534 Richmond _ _ .. * 26 171 18 56 271 San Gabriel. .. . 8 11 19 San Leandro .... 3 2 278 21 9 1 314 San Mateo _ 202 25 28 255 Santa Cruz. . . 55 100 2 40 197 South Pasadena IS 18 Ventura. . 9 9 Connecticut Ansonia _ . . . * 16 * 16 Derby . . .. 36 36 East Hartford. ‘ _ 29 29 Middletown _ _ 46 46 Naugatuck _ _ _ _ 15 15 Stratford _ _ 100 100 Torrington _ 52 52 W allingford 20 20 Illinois Blue Island _ ... 10 2 12 Canton ... . 1 1 Centralia. . . 6 6 Champaign... 10 7 12 Elmhurst _ _ 1 1 Freeport.. _ 10 — 10 Galesburg.. _ 15 i - y 21 43 Granite City.. . .. 4 4 Harrisburg . *8 i - *8 Jacksonville _ . 5 5 Kankakee _ 2 2 La Grange _ _ 10 10 La Salle _ *14 1 1 *14 * 1938 data. * Enrollment not given. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 , by city and type of children— Continued Group III.-CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940-Continucd City Exceptional children enrolled Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear ing Speech defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient ' Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Illinois— Con. Lincoln . 2 Mattoon . 15 2 Mount Vernon _ 8 JO fi Pekin _ 1 o 1 Sterling (District No. 11)... . 2 0 Streator. . . 2 8 Urbana. . 4 2 Wilmette... . . 1 9 4 10 1 A Winnetka. . . 10 Indiana 1U Bedford _ 15 Bloomington _ 96 81 53 61 15 291 Columbus _ 47 53 Whiting.. . . 12 9 100 Iowa 21 Ames _ 14 Fort Madison . 32 14 Marshalltown _ 1 28 oZ 29 Mason City _ 14 Newton . . 80 35 115 Kansas Emporia . . 2 36 * r 30 Manhattan. . . 23 2 66 23 Kentucky Henderson.. . 2 5 7 14 Maine Bangor.. . . <16 16 Massachusetts Amesbury . 17 1 7 Athol . . . 21 1/ Ol Attleboro . . 35 Z1 QK Beverly. . 4 60 44 oO 1 A/t Braintree . . 35 1UT OK Danvers . 12 OO 1 o Dedham . . 26 1 Z OA Easthampton 17 z 0 17 Fairhaven _ 2 21 1 / OQ Gardner _ 4 13 Zo 1 7 Gloucester _ 2 60 1 / AO Greenfield.. . 37 4 36 0 Z 77 Leominster _ 89 77 QQ Lexington . . . 3 36 OiJ QQ Marlboro _ 48 oy Methuen. . . 19 To 1 Q Natick _ 36 iy QA Needham _ 2 12 OO ^ io North Adams.. . 57 1 z C7 North Attleboro- .. 13 0/ IQ Peabody . . 4 14 15 10 OO Plymouth _ 32 Z\9 32 2 1938 data. 4 Includes various types of handicap. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 37 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940-Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total > 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 Massachusetts— Continued 5 33 38 Southbridge _ 66 66 2 11 13 5 28 33 18 18 17 17 117 11 128 5 52 57 22 22 8 11 19 28 28 Michigan 30 30 14 6 14 34 Ferndale _ 22 12 1 15 50 Holland .. 11 160 30 19 43 263 Iron Mountain 10 10 Ironwood 10 15 25 TVtarqnettfl 18 19 37 Mount Clemens 14 40 54 Muskegon Heights. Niles 11 16 27 48 48 Owoseo 32 32 River Rouge 30 29 59 Roval Oak 29 49 78 Sault Ste. Marie 38 :::::::: 38 Traverse City 8 10 12 30 Minnesota Albert Lea _ 150 14 164 Faribault _ 27 27 Mankato _ 168 54 222 Rochester _ _ 35 291 107 433 St. Cloud. .. 15 9 157 32 213 South St. Paul 68 68 Virginia .... 11 7 172 33 32 255 Winona. . . 34 10 287 14 76 421 Missouri Hannibal 15 15 Jefferson City 56 56 Montana Billings ... (*) Great Falls _ 135 135 Nebraska _ Norfolk _ 17 17 New Hampshire . Claremont. . . 8 8 Concord _ 70 50 120 Laconia . . _ 1 . . . 20 20 Portsmouth. . _ _ L . 9 42 51 s Enrollment not given. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 , by city and type of children — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 New Jersey 1 1 1 3 10 7 38 55 32 32 5 12 17 2 2 5 66 71 Garfield . 9 4 11 24 15 15 9 3 77 89 15 15 3 1 61 65 Lodi 28 28 8 2 44 54 64 64 3 3 Millville _ 26 26 Morristown _ 32 36 68 Neptune (P. O. Ocean Grove) 35 35 Nutlev _ - 5 14 19 Pennsauken (P. O. Merchantville) . . . 3 17 20 Pleasantville - 1 15 16 Rahwav ... - * 10 108 118 Rutherford 3 15 18 South River _ 2 19 21 Summit _ 19 19 Teaneck . . . 7 6 2 17 32 Union _ _ _ 10 27 37 Vineland _ 63 63 Weehawken.. _ 2 2 11 15 Westfield 1 14 31 46 West Orange. . . . 37 20 57 New York Batavia. _ _ 2 30 2 30 Corning (District No. 9) _ 23 23 Endicott _ _ _ 14 18 32 Floral Park _ _ 14 31 45 Geneva . . . 30 30 Glen Cove _ 19 19 Glens Falls _ _ 18 32 14 64 Gloversville. _ 15 31 46 Hempstead- _ 48 48 Hudson _ 18 18 Ithaca _ 14 82 104 79 32 48 359 Kingston _ 16 16 Lackawanna _ 11 43 37 17 108 Little Falls _ 28 28 Lockport _ 43 43 Mamaroneck. _ 17 17 Massena.. . _ 24 24 Middletown _ 36 36 Ogdensburg _ . . 2 61 2 61 Olean _ 1 30 % 31 Oneonta _ 2 17 2 17 Oswego. . . 3 28 31 Peeksville _ 18 18 Pelham _ _ 12 12 Plattsbure 2 18 2 18 Port Chester _ 116 116 Tonawanda _ 2 15 2 15 Valley Stream _ 1 18 18 4 Includes various types of handicap. 2 1938 data. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 39 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 U North Carolina Kinston _ _ 79 79 Ohio 19 19 36 74 Ashland _ ... 1 1 Ashtabula, .. _ 16 17 33 Barberton _ __ _ 15 24 39 Cambridge., _ 8 11 19 Campbell., _ _ 9 14 29 52 Chillicothe.. _ 15 9 15 39 Cuyahoga Falls _ 31 1 9 41 22 28 50 Euclid _ _ -, 2 23 223 Findlay _ 14 33 47 2 13 15 11 18 1 30 Garfield Heights (P. 0. Cleve¬ land) . . . 17 17 Ironton _ ..... 16 4 20 Martins Ferry 25 22 47 Massillon . 73 73 New Philadelphia 2 20 • 22 Niles 5 3 8 Painesville 5 5 Parma _ 43 43 Piqua _ 36 36 Sandusky 13 27 40 Shaker Heights (P. 0. Cleveland) 14 14 Struthers 3 5 28 36 Tiffin _ 1 2 3 Wooster... . 1 46 47 Oregon Eugene i 10 • 29 211 230 Medford . 26 32 58 Pennsylvania Abington _ 133 35 173 Arnold _ .. 21 21 Beaver Falls 30 30 Bradford. . . . 41 41 Bristol _ 65 65 Carlisle _ 17 17 Chambersburg . :::::::: 33 33 Charleroi _ . . 18 18 Cheltenham _ . 130 130 Coatesville ... . ] 49 50 Connellsville 172 172 Conshohocken 1 16 16 Dunmore io 51 61 Duquesne . 11 13 24 Ell wood City 33 33 Greensburg 36 _ 36 Hanover . .... 15 15 Lebanon _ ... 42 1 42 Lock Haven.. _ :::::::: 16 :::::::: 16 Monessen. ... _ 29 29 Mount Carmel 19 19 New Kensington...! i . . "1 21 _ i 21 U938 data. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , J 939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional Children Enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pennsylvania— Continued Oil City _ 18 18 Plymouth _ 17 17 Pottstown _ _ 11 11 Pottsville _ 36 36 Shamokin _ _ " . . 7 7 Steelton . . 28 28 Sunbury . 16 16 3 2 32 37 Turtle Creek _ 14 14 Uniontown _ 20 20 Warren . _ . 46 46 Washington _ 45 45 Waynesboro _ 15 15 West Chester _ 98 34 132 Wilkinsburg _ 24 18 42 Rhode Island Central Falls. . 101 101 Johnston. _ 3 2 2 19 26 Westerly . __ 1 1 Vermont Rutland 28 28 Washington Bellingham 22 16 38 Bremerton _ 4 4 80 88 Longview 30 30 Olympia _ _ 34 34 Port Angeles . 13 13 Vancouver 7 15 5 183 210 Wenatchee _ 20 95 115 Yakima _ 100 100 Wisconsin Appleton _ _ 12 203 31 53 299 Ashland. . 16 14 30 Beloit _ _ (3) 34 34 Cudahy. 2 13 15 Fond dn Lac 11 287 46 344 Jonesville 256 31 287 Manitowoc. .. 7 277 27 311 Marinette 7 290 37 334 Shorewood 15 176 16 207 South Milwaukee 1 47 48 Stevens Point 9 196 26 231 Two Rivers 25 25 Watertown 189 17 206 Waukesha 188 37 225 W ausau 32 154 9 27 44 266 Wauwatosa . 8 54 62 Wisconsin Rapids 7 231 16 18 272 Wyoming Casper 68 68 Sheridan 18 18 3 Enrollment not given. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 41 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 , by city and type of children — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Exceptional Children Enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear- ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total . . 76 237 1,380 261 03 6 2, 267 36 4, 356 California Carmel. _ 1 1 2 2 6 7 2 1 20 Daly Citv _ 9 90 99 2 1 3 235 235 5 21 26 3 3 253 253 28 28 San Luis Obispo. . 20 20 6 6 13 13 (J) 1 1 2 2 90 163 2 1 256 Woodland. _ 149 149 Colorado Alamosa 50 50 Connecticut Griswold _ 15 15 Rockville . . 20 20 Southington.. .. . 40 40 Winsted _ _ 12 12 Idaho Caldwell . . 5 6 Illinois Arlington Heights 2 2 Batavia _ _ 1 1 Bradley . . 2 2 Chester . . 1 1 East Peoria . . 3 3 Havana _ 3 3 Lombard—. 3 3 Macomb . . 3 3 Monticello _ 2 2 Naperville . . 1 1 Pontiac . _ _ 1 1 Savanna _ _ 13 13 Shelbyville _ 1 1 Villa Park _ _ .. 29 29 Virden _ 2 2 Indiana Brazil 22 22 Seymour _ 25 25 Iowa Charles City . . 1 1 2 16 3 23 Sac City . 1 1 Maine Brunswick. __ __ 19 19 3 Enrollment not given. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 , by city and type of children — Continued Group IV— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional Children Enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Massachusetts 17 50 67 33 33 16 16 23 23 32 32 14 14 Dracut (P. 0. Lowell) . . . - 15 15 16 16 15 15 12 12 9 9 2 1 44 47 14 14 6 6 38 30 68 14 14 18 18 Reading 3 15 18 Rockland 15 15 Rockport _ _ 16 16 Somerset _ 15 15 Spencer . . 16 16 Stoughton 2 23 25 Michigan Hancock _ 15 15 Ionia 13 13 Ishpeming 9 9 Kingsford 17 17 Lapeer 25 23 48 Rochester. _ .. 15 15 St. Clair . . 16 16 Sturgis. . . 13 15 28 Wakefield . 15 15 Zeeland 9 9 Minnesota Chisholm 9 126 15 150 Crookston _ 13 13 Ely 21 21 International Falls 31 31 Little Falls. _ _ 17 17 Moorhead. . . 15 15 Nashwauk _ 117 10 127 New Ulm . 14 14 Owatonna. . 10 10 White Bear Lake . 14 14 Missouri Maryville _ 20 20 New Jersey Bernards ville _ 1 24 25 Glen Ridge _ 1 1 Haddonfield _ 1 1 Haddon Heights . 1 13 14 Haledon _ 15 15 Hasbrouck Heights 3 3 Madison _ 65 65 North Arlington. . . 6 6 2 9 23 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 43 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 , by city and type of children — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional Children Enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing SDeech- defec- tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted 1 2 3 * 5 G 7 8 9 10 New Jersey— Con. North Plainfield _ 18 11 16 3 Totowa (P. O. Pat- 12 3 New York 12 1 14 13 18 East Rochester _ 12 17 27 Great Neck . . 18 Greenport _ 16 Lancaster _ 18 Le Roy _ 14 Medina _ 12 Monticello _ 24 Newark _ 15 North Tarrytown.. 27 Penn Yan. . . 22 Saranac Lake _ 16 14 Scotia . _ 8 Sloan . _ _ 44 Ticonderoga ... .. 14 North Carolina Henderson _ 25 North Dakota Jamestown _ 3 13 Ohio Athens _ _ 20 Bellefontaine. ... ...... 2- Carey . . 1 Clyde _ 1 3 :::::::: Conneaut . 3 i _ Crestline. _ . 3 3 Deer Park . . . 2 Delaware _ 10 Dover _ __ 2 Girard _ _ 2 1 15 Hicksville . _ • 3 Hillsboro . . . 13 Jackson _ __ 1 3 27 Maple Heights _ 1 Nelson ville . ^ . _ 12 Newton Falls _ 2 Norwalk 9 38 Orrville.. . 3 Ravenna . 22 South Euclid _ _ _ 78 Toronto. _ ... _ 2 11 Wilmington _ I. . 1 _ 1 1 . Total 11 18 11 16 3 12 12 15 13 18 12 17 27 18 16 18 14 12 24 15 27 22 30 8 44 14 25 16 20 2 1 4 3 6 2 10 2 18 3 13 31 1 12 2 47 3 22 78 13 1 44 BTENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 12. — Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40, by city and type of children — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Exceptional Children Enrolled City Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard- of-hear¬ ing Speech- defec¬ tive Crip¬ pled Deli¬ cate Epi¬ leptic Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Tru¬ ants or behav¬ ior prob¬ lems Men¬ tally gifted Total ' 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Oregon 5 20 25 Ashland... _ 3 3 12 12 1 1 Dallas . . . 7 7 Pennsylvan a 2 18 20 18 18 Collingdale _ 13 13 19 19 13 13 East Stroudsburg 20 20 Etna 1 1 2 1 13 18 Lansdale 37 37 Midland _ 34 34 Morrisville _ 18 18 N orthampton _ 38 38 Palmerton _ 60 60 Pitcairn _ 16 16 Sewickley. . . 11 11 Somerset _ _ 17 17 Springdale _ _ 15 15 Towanda _ 15 15 Tyrone. . _ 18 18 Wesley ville . . . 17 17 Yeadon _ _ 14 14 Rhode Island East Greenwich ... 15 15 South Dakota Milbank.. . . 10 10 Vermillion . . . 12 12 Washington Auburn . 38 38 Puyallup _ 5 3 8 Snohomish . . 2 5 4 30 41 Wisconsin Beaver Dam _ 121 17 138 Chippewa Falls _ 1 12 13 Marshfield . 41 10 51 Menasha . 14 14 Menomonie _ 12 12 Merrill.. . 17 17 Neenah . . 15 15 New London _ 7 7 Rice Lake _ _ 10 10 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 45 Table 13. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S- Partially seeing) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (excluding supervision) Number housed with normal children in — Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings 1 Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 . 7 8 9 10 California f B. 1 2 3 } 19 f 1 $2,700 IP s 17 23 40 l 1H 4, 225 / B. 23 42 65 56 9 21,850 $2, 366 $6, 511 IP. S. 143 92 235 215 16 37, 070 591 4, 333 P. S. 10 10 6 1 2, 600 San Francisco . . .P. S. 47 62 109 94 7 14, 613 497 263 Colorado Denver _ .P. s. 15 15 14 1 2,850 Connecticut Bridgeport _ _P. s. 21 21 8 2 3,800 67 2,624 Hartford . P. s. 15 15 1 1, 725 NfiW Haven. P. S. 26 23 49 45 4 8,000 District of Columria Washington.. _ P. s. 74 15 89 73 5 11,000 5,528 Georgia Atlanta . . f B. 8 8 6 1 2, 156 (p. S. 11 11 9 1 2, 136 Illinois Chicago . ...B.- -P. s. 423 130 2 553 471 2 39 278, 143 4, 375 10, 838 Peoria _ .P. s. 15 9 24 23 2 3,585 531 1,320 Indiana Gary _ P. s. 12 1 43 12 1 2,007 Indianapolis . . .P. s. 33 33 2 3,791 278 190 South Bend _ P. s. 23 23 20 m 3, 708 931 Iowa Des Moines _ P. s. 3 15 3 15 3 1 3 1, 837 Kansas Wichita _ .P. s. 18 18 i 1,550 Kentucky Louisville _ P. s. 74 23 97 87 7 12,500 Louisiana New Orleans _ < f B. 6 6 5 1 2,200 915 IP. S. 56 56 50 7 13,628 Maryland . Baltimore . . . .P. s. 89 51 140 117 8 15. 777 280 1 All the children listed in this column are enrolled in elementary grades, with the addition of 13 children in Duluth, Minn., who are enrolled in secondary grades. These are included in the total enrollment given in column 5. 2 In addition 1 teacher receiving an annual salary of $2,255 is reported as instructing an average of 20 children at the Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary. 3 1938 data. 464993°— 42 - 4 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 13. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1 939-40 — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 Enrollment City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S.- Partially seeing) Number housed with normal children in— Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 Massachusetts 182 182 20 20 47 47 New Bedford _ P. S. 32 <32 11 11 Worcester _ P. S. 23 23 Michigan Detroit _ -/ B. 25 25 8 50 ip.s. 361 158 519 Flint _ P. S. 33 33 Grand Rapids ./ B. 6 8 14 \P. S. 42 38 80 Minnesota Duluth _ B.-P. S. --- 1 17 1 30 Minneapolis _ B.-P. S. 88" 163 St. Paul _ B.-P. S. 62 27 89 Missouri Kansas City. . --P. S. 15 15 St. Louis _ P. S. """58 58 New Jersey Camden . . P. S. 19 19 Elizabeth _ P. S. 19 14 33 Jersey City _ / B. 19 19 \P.S. 25 25 Newark _ / B. 18 18 \P.S. 53 53 Paterson . _ _ _ / B. 8 8 \P.S. 30 30 New Yore Albany P. S. 13 33 46 Buffalo _ _ - / B. 10 10 IP.S. 153 153 New York . . _ / B. 62 44 106 IP.S. 1,637 234 1,871 Rochester, . P. S. 38 38 Syracuse . ---B.-P. S. 60 60 Yonkers . . P. S. 49 49 Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers 130 93 1,702 36 34 8 39 2 Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Salaries of class room teachers $37, 185 3,988 6, 046 3, 431 Special equip¬ ment, jtextbooks, j supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils 9 10 $64 $140 2, 050 267 8 96, 289 3,942 15, 130 4,135 6,791 6,880 27, 195 11,665 1,733 4, 794 3,900 5, 764 4,826 4, 311 8, 966 11,227 3, 384 5,992 6.400 1.400 12, 400 34, 063 382, 529 6, 550 6, 849 8,600 34 1,769 3,153 '369 3, 032 203 50 1,314 98 1,530 39 1,266 302 48 294 } 470 2,949 497 210 621 1,680 620 2, 828 6,930 12, 144 695 2, 059 1 All the children listed in this column are enrolled in elementary grades, with the addition of 13 children in Duluth, Minn., who are enrolled in secondary grades. These are included in the total given in column 5. < In addition 3 homebound blind children are reported as being instructed by the home teacher of the delicate. 8 In addition 1 teacher receiving an annual salary of $1,560 is reported as instructing 24 homebound blind children. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 47 Table 13. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 Enrollment Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING Number housed Aver¬ age SUPERVISION) City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S.- Partially seeing) with normal children in— ber housed Total number daily attend¬ ance of Num¬ ber of class¬ Salaries of class room teachers Special equip¬ Trans¬ Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades special school build¬ ings enrolled in school pupils I in school room teachers ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses porta¬ tion of pupils 1 1 3 4 h 6 7 8 9 10 Ohio 33 33 29 2 $3, 705 $465 $416 273 25 25 22 2 2,663 101 82 40 122 107 10 1 24,607 583 1,196 5, 595 1,040 749 248 111 359 319 25 76.207 6,129 339 Columbus _ _ P. S. 41 16 57 50 4 ! 8,116 8 7, 065 | 14,052 11,050 20 21 6 41 36 8 3 144 Toledo . _P. S. 88 88 82 Youngstown _ P. S. Oregon 48 22 70 58 5 __ -- __ 23 2 _ _ . Portland _ P. S. 23 20 3,404 Pennsylvania Erie _ P. S. 20 20 19 2 3, 125 663 Philadelphia _ P. S. Pittsburgh _ P. S. 305 305 248 17 1 1 41,310 | 2,200 1,365 6,753 25 25 23 Reading. . _P. S. Rhode Island 37 37 34 2 4, 800 69 46 46 6 381 Providence _ P. S. 10. 273 641 Tennessee Chattanooga _ B. (7) 18 (7) 1 (7) 1,225 Memphis . . .P. S. 18 16 Nashville _ _ P. S. 22 7 29 2 3,000 1,400 1,400 Texas Houston _ P. S. 7 1 346 Virginia Norfolk _ P. S. 12 12 12 1 1,492 5, 877 66 Richmond _ P. S. 12 25 37 33 3 112 Washington Seattle . . P. S. 111 111 75 7 15, 662 Spokane . . P. S. 14 14 11 1 2, 540 Tacoma _ P. S. 13 18 31 2 4,118 Wisconsin Milwaukee.. _ B-P. S. 101 5 106 5 9, 293 559 6, 974 8 In addition 1 part-time teacher receiving $120 is reported as instructing 1 homebound build child. 7 One teacher receiving $900 is reported as teaching 10 homebound blind children. 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 13. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1 939-40 — Continued Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S.- Partially seeing) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Number housed with normal children in— Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California P. S. 10 10 1 $2, 390 $185 $749 P. S. 15 8 30 45 2 6, 505 P. s. 3 8 3 (») (8 9 10 11) P. s. (10) (10) (V) Connecticut P. s. 11 11 1 1, 100 129 Illinois Alton _ _ _ P. s. 10 5 15 1 1, 300 1,091 564 Aurora (East Side) P. s. 6 5 11 10 1 1, 778 262 220 Bloomington _ P. s. 16 5 21 2 2, 521 930 131 Cicero.. _ P. s. 11 11 1 1,750 659 271 Danville _ P. s. 13 13 11 1 1, 872 70 119 Decatur. . . . P. s. 13 13 12 1 1, 625 56 111 Elein _ P. s. 10 5 15 14 2,001 u 290 Evanston (District No. 75).... . . P. s. 15 15 13 1 2,100 114 19 Joliet . . . . . P. s. 11 10 21 20 2 3, 350 165 217 Oak Park _ P. s. 19 19 15 1 1,680 92 Quincy _ P. s. 16 16 1 1, 633 1,088 460 Rockford . . P. s. 11 12 23 3 4, 879 166 1, 319 Rock Island.. . . P. s. 12 8 20 13 1 3, 400 145 117 Springfield _ P. s. 13 13 11 1 1,359 10 273 Waukegan _ P. s. 13 13 12 1 1,630 328 52 Indiana East Chicago . .P. s. 9 3 12 10 1 1, 800 180 168 Iowa Cedar Rapids . . _P. s. 2 2 (U) (U) Maine Portland _ P. s. 12 12 1 1,500 47 150 Massachusetts Brockton . .P. s. 20 20 1 1,295 Chelsea.. . . -P. s. 10 10 8 1 1, 795 Chicopee. . . .P. s. 11 11 8 1 1,900 74 Everett . .P. s. 12 12 1 1,905 78 Holyoke . . _P. s. 12 12 1 1,975 106 Lynn _ _P. s. 11 11 1 1,999 21 72 Medford _ _ _P. s. 10 10 9 1 2, 000 47 25 Newton _ _P. s. 15 15 12 1 2. 000 58 90 Revere _ .P. s. 11 11 1 1,710 Taunton... . .P. s. 9 9 1 1,280 500 75 Watertown. . _P. s. 12 12 16 1 1,485 12 8 Includes junior college. 6 In addition 1 homebound partially seeing child is reported as being instructed by the home teacher of various handicaps, listed under crippled. The class room teacher of the 3 partially seeing children is also listed under crippled (table 16). 10 One child enrolled for home instruction; see crippled (table 16). 11 Includes transportation. 18 See crippled (table 16). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 49 Table 13. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1 939-40 — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING Number housed Num¬ ber housed Aver¬ age Num¬ ber of class¬ SUPERVISION) City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S.- with normal children in— Total number daily attend¬ ance of Salaries of class room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ raruauy seeing; Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades special school build¬ ings enrolled in school pupils in school room teachers porta¬ tion of pupils 1 2 3 * 5 6 7 8 9 10 Michigan Battle Creek _ (B. P. S. 8 8 1 $1, 305 1, 440 3, 000 1, 525 2,356 } $1,072 . 15 15 1 Dearborn (Fordson District) _ P. S. 23 23 19 1H 83 P. S. 6 2 8 1 997 P. S. 14 12 26 1 I 0 539 $692 fB. 6 1 7 12 17 13 > 2 2, 770 i P. S. 19 19 1 1, 170 1, 712 238 490 P. S. 15 15 11 1 Muskegon _ Pontiac. _ P. S. 15 15 1 1, 324 1, 197 294 213 P. S. 28 28 1 Saginaw _ B.- -P. S. 14 14 12 1 2,200 1,035 263 1, 196 Missouri Joplin 20 20 10 l 21 New Jersey Montclair . . „B. 11 11 1 1,600 New York Auburn . . . P. S. 12 12 11 1 1,450 3 4, 850 1, 597 Binghamton. . . Elmira _ P. S. 3 31 3 31 3 2^ 1 P. S. 14 14 10 50 Jamestown P. S. 15 15 12 1 1,990 3, 800 2,288 2,600 Mount Vernon _ P. S. 17 17 12 1 Niagara Falls _ P. S. 18 18 14 1 109 673 Schenectady. . . Ohio P. S. 13 13 10 1 37 38 Cleveland Heights. . East Cleveland _ -P. s. 19 14 33 30 2 6, 641 _P. s. 16 16 12 1 1,868 93 29 Hamilton.. . .P. s. 2 19 3 13 3 32 Lakewood . P. s. 17 2 19 15 12 1 12 2,464 3 1, 503 351 483 Lima . . . -P. s. 3 8 38 3 1 Lorain. . . P. s. 15 15 11 1 1, 950 1,800 1,890 1,267 1, 153 60 173 Mansfield _ _ P. s. 26 26 1 Marion _ P. s. 17 17 1 342 116 Newark _ _ P. s. 6 6 12 1 Portsmouth.. . .P. s. 22 22 15 1 271 220 Springfield . . .P. s. 18 7 25 24 2 4, 050 2,185 1,568 1, 620 Steubenville . . _P. s. 15 15 14 1 Warren . . P. s. 18 18 1 Zanesville . P. s. 14 14 1 372 130 Virginia Danville _ -P. s. 12 12 1 « 1, 100 Roanoke . . . P. s. 12 12 1 1,305 100 Wisconsin Madison _ _P. s. 18 18 14 1 2,400 1, 630 1, 796 214 346 Oshkosh . ,P. s. 15 15 13 1 185 133 SuDerior _ P. s. 7 7 6 1 3 1938 data. 12 See crippled (table 16) . •3 “One-half paid by local board other half by Virginia Commission for the blind.” 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 13. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1 939-40 — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S.- Partially seeing) Enrol Number housed with normal children in — LMENT Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Salaries of class room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades 1 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California P. S. 3 3 (12) (12) (12) (») Illinois P. S. 10 10 1 $1, 425 $939 $32 P. S. 10 10 9 1 1, 385 52 134 P. S. 10 10 1 1,500 290 502 Galesburg.. . . P. s. 10 5 15 --- 1 1,500 1,063 289 P. s. 10 10 9 } 1,700 388 90 La Salle _ P. s. 14 14 13 1 1,600 180 439 Mattoon _ P. s. 15 15 1 643 1, 457 216 Michigan Escanaba . - P. s. 14 14 13 1 1, 587 195 71 Femdale _ P. s. ’""22" 22 1 1,900 Minnesota St. Cloud _ P. s. 15 15 g 2 3, 155 69 630 Virginia _ .P. s. 11 11 10 1 1.790 Winona _ _P. s. 7 27 34 19 2 3, 200 636 17 New Jersey Belleville _ _P. s. 10 10 1 1, 433 Garfield _ _P. s. 9 9 8 1 1,875 Hackensack _ _P. s. 9 9 1 1,600 Westfield _ -P. s. (14) (“) (») (14) New York - Endicott _ _P. s. 14 14 13 1 1,700 Floral Park. . -P. s. 14 14 12 1 1,800 Ithaca . . _P. s. 14 14 11 1 2. 025 Lackawana _ _P. s. 11 11 9 1 2.500 Ohio Alliance _ _ _P. s. 19 19 17 1 1, 761 315 287 Ashtabula . _P. s. 6 10 16 15 2 2, 460 Barberton... . _P. s. -- 15 15 13 1 1,200 473 92 Campbell _ _P. s. 9 1 2,225 10 301 Freemont _ _P. s. 11 11 1 1, 500 Ironton _ -P. s. 16 16 1 1, 410 324 43 Martins Ferry _ _P. s. 25 25 1 1, 468 729 759 Sandusky _ ... P. s. 13 13 1 1, 450 16 119 Struthers. . ... __ P. s. 3 3 (12) (12) Pennsylvania Dunmore . . -P. s. 10 10 9 1 1. 600 350 12 See crippled (table 16). 14 One partially seeing child enrolled for home instruction; see delicate ( table 17). 15 Teach various types of handicap. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 51 Table 13. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING childreji in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 — Continued Group III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued City and extent of blind¬ ness (B-Blind, P. S.- Partially seeing) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Number housed with normal children in — Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class! room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades 1 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Washington Bremerton _ P. S. 4 4 (!«) $316 Vancouver _ B.-P. S. 7 00 00 Wisconsin Stevens Point . _ P. S. 9 9 7 1 1,350 $264 $210 Group IV— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 16 Part-time. 17 See mentally deficient (table 19) . 1 fTwo children reported as being instructed in the home, by teacher of the delicate 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 14. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD- OF-HEARTNG children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40. Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 City and extent of deaf¬ ness (D— Deaf; H. H — Hard-of-hearing) ALABAMA Birmingham . . - California Long Beach _ Los Angeles - / d! \H. H. Oakland _ Sacramento _ 1...D San Diego - D f D. (H. H. San Francisco . Colorado Denver... . ...H. H. Connecticut New Haven _ H. H. Georgia Atlanta. f D \H. H Illinois Chicago _ D.-H. H. Peoria _ D.-H. H. Indiana Gary _ H. H. Indianapolis _ H. H. Iowa Des Moines _ / D- \H. H. Kansas Wichita _ _ .jH ^ Kentucky Louisville . . D. Louisiana New Orleans _ D. Enrollment Number housed with normal children in— Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 262 28 35 298 524 7 20 Sec¬ ondary grades 222 180 Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings1 25 Total number enrolled in school Aver¬ age daily attend - ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (excluding SUPERVISION) Salaries of class¬ room teachers (2 3 4 * 6) 15 55 173 324 39 91 21 21 41 520 « 25 (6 6) 13 346 30 * 1 $1, 627 7, 300 36, 740 20, 900 17, 220 3, 982 4, 000 14, 827 12, 512 6, 580 156 137, 612 1,862 1,869 4. 172 5 4, 880 s 1,715 1,510 1,950 2, 850 3,233 Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses $3, 289 236 Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils $17, 313 ,373 428 1 All the children listed in this column are enrolled in elementary grades with additional pupils enrolled in secondary grades in the following cities: New Haven, Conn. 2; Detroit, Mich., 40. These are included in the total enrollment given in column 5. 2 Enrollment not kept separately; same teacher teaches speech-defective and hard-of-hearing children. 3 For elementary grades only. 4 Part-time. * 1938 data. 6 Enrollment not given. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 53 Table 14. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization Jor DEAF AND HARD- OF-HEARING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued i All the children listed in this column are enrolled in elementary grades with additional pupils enrolled in secondary grades in the following cities: New Haven, Conn., 2; Detroit, Mich., 40. These are included in the total enrollments given in column 5. * Tart time. * 19:58 data. 7 Includes high school. 8 Plus 1 part-time teacher. 8 Plus 5 teachers who teach both lip-reading and speech; see speech-defective, (table 15). 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 14. — Personr el, finance, and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD- OF-HEARING children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued City and extent of deaf¬ ness (D— Deaf; H. H.— Hard-of-hearing) Enrollment Number housed with normal children in — Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades Num¬ ber, housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Aver¬ age daily attend ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ohio ( D Akron - - |H H; Canton..- . D. Cincinnati. . ..H. H. Cleveland . jg g‘ Columbus . H. H. Dayton... . ...D, Toledo. . -jH g‘ Youngstown.. . D. Oklahoma Tulsa - . {h. h! Oregon Portland . D.-H. H. Pennsylvania Erle . - — {h. h! Philadelphia _ jg g' Pittsburgh _ H. H. Tennessee Knoxville . _.H. H. Memphis . D. Nashville _ H. H. Texas Dallas. . . H. H. Fort Worth . _.H. H. Houston - |h g Utah Salt Lake City _ H. H. Virginia Norfolk.. . _{g g- Richmond . _{g g' Washington Seattle... Spokane. Tacoma. - D. - D. f D. IH. H. 248 27 92 139 25 47 32 18 24 63 156 62 io 42 59 35 37 13 14 81 169 387 27 266 10 9 122 104 178 $5, 652 2, 160 4, 180 16, 045 56, 137 io 4 7 7 2 iH 14 1 239 io 8, 000 11, 789 16, 045 4, 300 1,880 1,410 6,734 2, 225 975 63, 540 2,040 1,260 2,000 1,350 2, 136 1,615 1,500 2,000 1,914 < 78 1,800 1, 895 11,269 10, 260 1,030 1,029 $647 298 227 243 $237 245 95 976 2,158 936 95 2, 925 66 318 171 4 Part-time. 10 In addition 1 part-time teacher receiving $79 is reported as instructing 3 home-bound hard-of-hearing children. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 55 Table 14. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD • OF-HEARING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940- Continued City and extent of deaf¬ ness (D— Deaf; H. EL— Hard-of-hearing) Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Num¬ ber of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Number housed with normal children in — Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 Wisconsin Milwaukee ..D.-H. H. 142 142 18 $36, 209 $1,244 $10,448 Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Alameda- . . H. H. 30 Rerkelev H. H. Fresno _ D.-H. H. 10 19 5 45 1 9 11 6 12 29 29 4 32 Pasadena _ D.-H. H. San Bernardino _ H. H. San Jose . H. H. Santa Ana _ _ H. H. Illinois Joliet _ D. Moline. . . D. Rockford _ D.-H. H. 22 Indiana East Chicago _ D.-H. H. Evansville ... _ __.H. H. 11 64 546 1 11 Kokomo _ H. H. 43 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ H. H. Davenport _ H. H. 35 Sioux City _ _ D. 12 129 44 29 14 160 Maine Portland _ H. H. Massachusetts Chelsea _ H. H. Everett _ H. H. 42 Lvn n _ _ _/tt t t 3 . \H. H. Medford. _ _ Newton _ _ H. H. 29 38 30 (#) ii 1 $2, 910 $60 16 12 1 2, 100 12 29 2 4. 810 48 Vo 890 5 77 ” 1 u 2,052 13 1 (U) (13) 9 1 1,500 27 $34 11 9 1 1,900 28 22 2 3, 887 66 147 22 15 (“) 1 (14) 64 1,800 589 579 1 1,800 12 1 (15) 1 (15) 35 1,600 12 10 18 2 1, 718 129 110 <17) 1 14 44 1,746 71 1 2,000 8 14 13 2 4, 120 64 150 160 1 1,340 1 («) 1 1,950 45 67 1 2,000 20 » 1938 data. e Enrollment not given. 11 Teach speech-defective also. 12 Includes junior college. 13 In addition 3 homebound hard-of-hearing children are reported as being instructed by the teacher of various handicaps, listed under crippled. The classroom teacher of the 1 hard-of-hearing child is also listed under crippled (table 16). 14 See speech-defective (table 15). 15 See delicate (table 17). 16 One full- and 1 part-time teacher. 17 Regular classroom teachers. 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 14. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD- OF-HEARING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued « 1938 data. 11 Teach speech-defective also. 18 1 part-time teacher receiving $450 is reported as instructing 12 home-bound hard-of-hearing children. 18 See crippled (table 16). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 57 Table 14. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD- OF-HEA RING children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING Number housed Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings Aver¬ age Num¬ ber of class¬ SUPERVISION) City and extent of deaf¬ ness (D — Deaf; H. H. — Hard-of-hearing) with normal children in — Total number daily attend¬ ance of Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ Trans¬ Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades enrolled in school pupils in school room teachers ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses porta¬ tion of pupils 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wisconsin— Continued Kenosha _ _ D. 8 8 1 $1, 820 3,700 $13 $123 La Crosse--. . . D. 17 17 16 2 Madison _ D. 33 33 29 4 7,400 4,703 2, 965 2,300 3. 092 192 1,928 296 Oshkosh _ _ D. 27 27 24 .-3 559 Racine-.. . _D.-H. H. Sheboygan _ _ D. 17 17 2 118 300 11 11 9 2 475 225 Superior _ D.-H. H. 16 16 14 2 621 301 Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Eureka . . ..D. 7 7 1 $2,000 Palo Alto . - -D. (20) 26 (20) 1 (20) 1,920 (19) 1,080 Richmond . ...H. H. 19 7 San Leandro _ H. H. 2 2 (19) 1 Santa Cruz _ H. H. 30 25 55 - - - Illinois Winnetka _ D.-H. H. 4 6 10 7 1 2,094 Indiana Bloomington _ __H. H. 66 30 96 H 800 $25 Whiting _ _ -_H. H. Iowa 4 8 12 (4 5) i (4) 50 Fort Madison _.H. H. 10 22 32 l 1,250 Kansas Emporia _ H. H. Massachusetts * 10 * 26 * 36 (S) 1 * 1, 114 Greenfield H. H. 15 22 37 1 (21) 1,700 West Springfield _ H. H. Michigan 64 53 117 1 Escanaba. . . H. H. 6 6 1 1,200 1,675 52 $30 Ferndale. . H. H. ------ 12 1 Holland . . -H. H. 11 11 9 1 1,800 1,800 1,403 1,500 Iron wood _ H. H. 10 10 1 24 Muskegon Heights. H. H. Traverse City --H. H. 11 11 6 1 615 8 8 1 150 Minnesota Rochester . . _H. H. 35 35 32 4 6,138 4,734 751 St. Cloud . _-_H. H. 9 9 8 1 1,200 119 Virginia . . D.-H. H. 7 7 6 1 1,690 578 Winona . D.-H. H. 6 4 10 8 1 16 48 4 Part-time. 5 1938 data. 19 See crippled (table 16). 20 One deaf child listed with delicate for home instruction. 21 $5 per day. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 14. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for DEAF AND HARD- OF-HEARING children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40- — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING Number housed Num¬ ber housed Aver¬ age Num¬ ber of class¬ SUPERVISION) City and extent of deaf¬ ness (D — Deaf; H. H. — Hard-of-hearing) with normal children in— Total number daily attend¬ ance of Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ Trans¬ Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Sec¬ ondary grades special school build¬ ings enrolled in school pupils in school room teachers ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses porta¬ tion of pupils • 2 3 4 5 6 7 * 8 9 10 New York Gloversville _ D.-H. H. 15 15 11 1 $2, 400 2, 587 3,900 Ithaca _ _ H. H. 22 82 82 18 2 $11 Ohio Elyria _ D.-H. H. 22 22 2 Fremont. _ H. H. 18 18 16 2 3,800 4 6 240 Oregon Eugene _ .H. H. 4 10 6 10 4 » 1 Washington Bremerton . . _ H. H. 4 4 3 (4) 4 316 Vancouver _ D.-H. H. 15 15 (23) (») 1 (23) 1,200 Wenatchee H. H. 20 20 25 Wisconsin Appleton . . D. 12 12 12 2 2,296 2,668 2,731 1.400 1,550 2.400 5, 850 263 $159 Ashland _ D. 16 16 2 1,628 640 208 Fond du Lac . . D. 11 11 9 2 309 Manitowoc _ D. 7 5 1 60 134 Marinette. . . . D. 7 7 6 1 Shnrewood H H. 15 15 1 2 36 Wausau _ D. 32 32 23 4 46 2,154 4 Wisconsin Rapids _ D. 7 6 1 1,225 488 Group IV— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Daly City _ H. H. Watsonville _ D.-H. H. 9 9 (») 1 (14) $1, 300 86 4 90 $166 Massachusetts Amherst . H. H. 6 11 17 4 1 4 182 Montague . _ H. H. 19 19 38 4 1 4 366 Ohio Athens _ D.-H. H. 20 20 17 2H 3,520 Girard . . ...D.-H. H. 2 2 (23) (23) | _ _ . Pennsylvania Etna . . H. H. 1 1 (23) (23) Washington Snohomish _ H. H. 2 2 (23) (23) Wisconsin Marshfield _ D.-H. H. 41 41 37 6 9,225 5,367 774 $153 New London . D. 7 1 1,550 1, 386 Rice Lake _ _ D. 10 10 1 9 1 1, 294 4 Part-time. 4 1938 data. 11 Teach speech-defective also. 14 See speech-defective (table 15). 16 One full-time and 1 part-time teacher. 22 Includes all grades. 23 See mentally deficient (table 19). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 59 Table 15. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for SPEECH -DEFEC¬ TIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) City Number housed with normal chil¬ dren Total number enrolled in school Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Elemen¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 9 3 4 5 6 7 8 California 237 18 255 1 $3,000 $1,652 2,998 1,200 607 664 3, 662 17 42,240 163 1,363 686 3 7,044 179 m 1 2 6. 700 207 207 i 3,900 18,831 5,760 2,247 1,025 2,247 7 Colorado 1,025 2 District of Columbia Washington... _ 3, 321 5, 330 3,321 9 20,200 150 Illinois Chicago _ _ _ _ 5, 330 23 51,808 Indiana Gary _ _ _ _ _ 407 464 3 3,777 1, 678 Indianapolis _ _ _ 504 504 1 28 Iowa Des Moines . . . (*) 364 31 3 2, 243 1,500 Kentucky Louisville. _ _ 364 1 Louisiana New Orleans. 3,250 3,250 6 14, 185 Maryland Baltimore * 1, 245 1,260 g 17, 524 Massachusetts Boston _ 3, 613 96 3, 613 108 23 44, 565 1,994 Cambridge _ . ... 12 1 1 Fall River _ _ _ .. 146 8 154 1, 790 Michigan Detroit _ _ _ _ _ 5 7,868 991 7,868 991 38 89,907 1,883 3 6. 926 Flint _ 1 Grand Rapids _ 3 919 3 919 3 4 Minnesota Duluth _ ... .. _ (1 2 3) 1, 586 521 (2) 1,586 554 3 4, 633 26, 530 5,966 19,240 Minneapolis . . . 12 63 St. Paul . . . . 33 3 $19 Missouri St. Louis . . . 1,931 1, 931 10 1 1 full-time and 1 part-time teacher. 2 Data not available. 3 1938 data. * In addition 15 speech-defective children are reported as being instructed in a special school building. 'T'hese are included in column 4. 3 Includes secondary grades. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 15. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for SPEECH-DEFECTIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Number housed with normal chil¬ dren Elemen¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades Total number enrolled in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New Jersey Elizabeth _ . Jersey City Newark _ Paterson... 3, 335 386 2, 699 253 (J) 3,741 2, 952 (1 * 3) 1 11 1 $1, 564 24, 243 26, 806 3, 396 $71 New York Buffalo . . . . New York . . . Rochester.. . . 4. 584 27, 153 1,026 459 4, 584 27, 153 1,485 m 19, 942 38 151,389 5 12, 850 Oklahoma Tulsa . . . 328 328 Pennsylvania Erie _ _ Philadelphia _ Pittsburgh _ Reading. . . 7,119 689" 4, 055 611 2,323 . 643 7.708 4, 566 2,323 2 26 6 5 3,800 63, 540 13, 400 12, 200 327 Rhode Island Providence _ _ _ Utah Salt Lake City . . Virginia Norfolk _ _ Richmond _ Washington Seattle.. . . Spokane . . Tacoma . . Wisconsin Milwaukee . . . 1,932 1,932 6, 766 $219 268 56 324 1, 104 254 (•) 254 («) 1 1, 250 1 1, 545 605 417 313 4 1H 2 7,557 2,700 4, 118 2, 094 2, 342 10, 656 294 Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Arkansas Little Rock 198 10 208 1 $1, 000 California Alhambra 134 35 169 1 2,000 (') 5, 040 Berkeley (#) 356 0 2 Fresno. _ _ _ _ 273 83 $100 Glendale . 160 160 1 2,310 49, 750 1. 250 Pasadena 524 21 545 2 San Bernardino. . . . 170 68 228 1 Data not available • Enrollment not kept separately. 3 See hard-of-hearing (table 14). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 61 Table 15. — Personnel,finance, and instructional organization for SPEECH -DEFECTIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) City Number housed with normal chil¬ dren Total number Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ Special equip¬ ment, Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Elemen¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades enrolled in school room teachers text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses 1 2 3 «. 4 5 6 1 8 California — Continued San Jose _ _ _ 3 39 360 3 99 (7) (7) (7) Santa Ana _ 3 « 3 (7) Santa Barbara . . (») («) 227 Santa Monica _ 1 $1, 800 Stockton _ _ 227 1 2, 380 $100 $200 Indiana East Chicago _ 703 145 848 2 3, 730 Evansville. _ 13 13 1 1, 430 Kokomo _ 298 7 305 1 1, 900 25 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ . 9 9 (10) 2 (i°) 4,600 Davenport _ 350 15 365 Dubuque _ _ _ 65 'i 65 5 8,077 303 Massachusetts Brockton. _ _ _ _ 159 19 178 1 1,000 Lynn.. . 546 546 1 1,580 46 Revere. _ _ _ 813 813 1 1,296 1, 600 Watertown . . (9) 1 5 Michigan Battle Creek _ 50 50 1 1, 350 1, 950 Dearborn (Fordson District) . . . Highland Park . . 367 59 426 1 130 130 1 1,407 2, 000 Jackson _ (6) 18 1 Lansing . . . . 18 1 1, 995 Missouri Springfield _ 467 467 4 6, 067 Montana Butte _ _ _ ... 300 300 1 1, 980 New York Jamestown.. _ _ ... 380 380 1 1,900 New Rochelle _ _ 527 527 1 2, 790 Niagara Falls _ («) 1,413 124 2 3, 988 Schenectady _ 1,413 1 2,625 White Plains. .. . _ 104 20 O (7) Ohio East Cleveland _ _ _ 104 22 126 1 2, 250 3 1, 852 Norwood _ _ 3 25 3 25 -1 s 1938 data. « Enrollment not kept separately. 7 See hard-of-hearing (table 14) . * Plus 13 children receiving home instruction, listed with crippled. 9 1 speech-defective child receiving home instruction, listed with crippled. 10 See delicate (table 17). 11 Part-time continuation. 464993°— 42 - 5 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 15. _ Personnel, finance , and instructional organization for SPEECH-DEFEC¬ TIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939—40 Con. Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPER¬ VISION) City Number housed with normal chil¬ dren Total number Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, md other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Elemen¬ tary .grades Second¬ ary grades enrolled in school room teachers i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Oklahoma 1 1 (12) (12) Muskogee. . . Pennsylvania 486 70 558 1 $2, 200 1, 500 4, 300 ( L 1 1 Lancaster . - . - 642 621 103 745 621 $24 York . . Rhode Island 55 55 13 1 1, 440 Newport . . . South Carolina 44 10 44 1 1, 108 Charleston - - Texas 10 1 800 Virginia 175 1 1, 260 PnfiTinlrp _ - _ 31 zuu Wisconsin (8) 2 3, 441 24 445 56 501 2 i 3, 127 1,600 7,300 Q Q7Q Cross© _ _ _ _ 187 8 195 484 385 753 X 09 $319 Madison _ 484 4 ML Oshkosh. - _ _ 382 3 2 O, oio A QQQ 977 120 T? Q pi TIP _ 753 3 4, OOO O 7A4 LI i 26 Sheboygan _ 318 318 2 1 ! 2, 704 3,990 1, 536 Superior _ 218 216 434 West Allis - - 188 43 231 GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Beverly Hills. Burlingame... Compton - Eureka. . Palo Alto _ Richmond. .. San Leandro . San Mateo. .. Santa Cruz... INDIANA Bloomington.. Whiting - Iowa 401 162 175 411 155 278 202 65 55 (e) 401 1 1 $2, 134 1,800 162 1 1,500 32 207 1 1, 860 80 14 491 1 2, 472 16 171 1 2, 760 278 (15) (15) 202 2 600 2 100 (7) o 16 81 H 800 3 9 16 1 (18) 25 80 1 1, 425 Newton . o Enrollment not kept separately. See hard-of-hearing (table 14). 12 See mentally deficient (table 19) . . . 13 Teaches various types of handicap at school and m the home. u pfus Sspeech-defective children listed with delicate for home instruction, is See ciippled (table 16). 1* Part-time. $20 50 $100 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 63 Table 15. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for SPEECH-DEFEC¬ TIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940-Continued City Enrollment Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPER¬ VISION) Number housed with normal chil¬ dren Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Elemen¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michigan Holland . . . . . - 99 61 160 1 $1,297 Minnesota Albert Lea _ _ 120 30 150 1 1, 662 168 168 1 1, 500 $8 Rochester _ _ 291 291 2 2, 565 St. Cloud _ 148 9 157 1 1, 275 29 $50 Virginia _ _ 172 172 1 2,000 Winona _ _ _ _ 239 48 287 2 2,450 6 Montana Billings _ (6) 1 2,070 350 New York Ithaca... _ _ _ « 104 104 m 2, 587 H Pennsylvania Abington _ _ 138 138 i 1, 175 Cheltenham _ . 130 130 i 1,000 Connellsville _ . 122 50 172 i 1, 550 Tamaqua .. _ 3 3 (12) (12) West Chester _ _ _ 98 98 1, 600 50 Washington Wenatchee _ 95 95 1 1, 200 50 Wisconsin Appleton _ _ 200 3 203 1 1, 916 31 Beloit (®) 1 1,475 Fond du Lac ... . ----- 287 287 2 3,000 Janesville _ _ _ 17 256 256 1 2, 125 Manitowoc _ _ 277 277 2 2, 750 186 50 Marinette _ _ _ _ - 290 290 1 1, 300 7 Shorewood _ _ _ - 176 176 1 2, 100 77 Stevens Point 196 196 1 1,680 19 Watertown 189 189 1 1, 300 16 Waukesha _ _ 142 46 188 1 1,300 16 Wausau _ _ _ _ 154 154 1 1,200 25 Wisconsin Rapids _ . - 231 231 1 1.300 231 3 5 Includes secondary grades. * Enrollment not kept separately. 12 See mentally deficient (table 19). 17 These children are reported as being enrolled in a special school building. 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 15. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for SPEECH-DEFEC¬ TIVE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group IV— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPER¬ VISION) City Number housed with normal chil¬ dren Total number Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ Special equip¬ ment, text¬ Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Elemen¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades enrolled in school room teachers books, supplies, and other expenses i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 California (18) 90 Daly City . ... . 90 1 $1, 740 235 235 1 1,200 1,800 253 253 1 28 28 2 3, 180 (6) 163 1 408 145 18 1 1,067 $55 149 149 1 1,500 Idaho Caldwell 5 5 1 218 $4 Iowa Charles City _ 1 1 (12) (12) Massachusetts Amherst _ . _ _ 50 50 (16) 1 16 40 Michigan Lapeer - - . _ 10 15 25 1,900 Minnesota Chisholm _ 105 21 126 1 2, 000 89 Nashwauk.. . _ . _ 117 117 1 1, 300 41 Ohio Girard 1 1 (12) (19) (12) Jackson _ _ (19) (19) Oregon Albany _ _ _ _ 5 (12) (12) Pennsylvania Burnham _ 2 2 (12) (12) (12). (12) Etna 1 1 Washington Snohomish. _ _ _ 5 5 (12) (12) Wisconsin Beaver Dam. . _ _ 121 121 1 1,350 6 Enrollment not kept separately. 12 See mentally deficient (table 19). 16 Part time. 18 See crippled (table 16) . 2 children listed for home instruction. 18 See crippled (table 16). 1 child listed for home instruction. Table 16. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 65 i See delicate (table 17). » Part-time. Table 16. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40- Continued Group I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Expenditure for instruction (exclud¬ ing supervision) Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils a $1, 053 CO 05 us OO i-i 05 00 rH Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, sup¬ plies, and other ex¬ penses CO $1, 151 00 05 922 Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers r* 1 *9- 5, 040 Salaries of home teachers c® £ $4, 492 Salaries of class¬ room teachers us $1, 634 2,310 17,304 3,110 *13,641 4, 850 1,673 32, 889 Number of teachers Hos¬ pital teachers a - 0 CO Home teachers S3 05 1 Class¬ room teachers ^ j >-tT-. Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school co TH CS §5 285 Enrollment Number receiv¬ ing hospital instruction Second¬ ary grades o Ele¬ men¬ tary grades O 159 Number receiv¬ ing home in¬ struction Second¬ ary grades CO Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 326 175 Total number enrolled in schools c 19 130 231 39 < 134 56 10 334 Number housed in special school buildings Second¬ ary grades 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary grades C5 05 ^ O CO CO CO CO Number housed with normal children Second¬ ary grades w “J Ele¬ men¬ tary grades 22 24 S 2 ! City 1 Indiana Fort Wayne. . Gary . . . Indianapolis . . South Bend _ Iowa Des Moines . Kentucky Louisville. . Louisiana New Orleans. . Maryland Baltimore _ _ _ EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 67 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 69 Table 16. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40- Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Expenditures for instruction (ex¬ cluding SUPERVISION) Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils as $33 40 05 CO i $28 S3 O 05 00 05 G G Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers Salaries of home teachers © $2, 495 4, 281 2, 175 0) 2, 100 © (17) 6 7, 169 5, 589 1,980 Salaries of class¬ room teachers 40 $1, 392 1, 078 i*20.895 5, 100 2, 610 04) 1,320 8 Number of teachers |ll Home teachers eg ; r- 05 t- rH 00*0^ Class¬ room teachers O CO t— 4 Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school 12 12 oo * 2,175 2, 657 1,525 2, 924 0 CM CM ^ 05 P Q Dubucme . . . . Ottumwa . Kentucky Lexington _ Maine Portland . . . CO I © QJ & ■ Xi ■S-gg •g<^ = £ o T3 'C . M 3 3 C ®'S’o c » = CN «1mh« ** Teachers listed under classroom take care of home instruction also. » Includes 1 blind and 1 speech-defective child. Table 16 .—Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40- Continued Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Expenditures for instruction (ex¬ cluding SUPERVISION) BIENNIAL SURVE gcfeo-S oati fl a >oo3 Eh tt-^3 a Y 0 1 at F EDUCAT ION, 193S 1 i i I i 1 i i i i i i 05 (-40 CO i HO t>- 1 1 TJ« Tf 1 1 lO 1 1 Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, sup¬ plies, and other ex¬ penses GO r m 170 350 175 227 350 Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers 1 i ~ i - 1 : : : : : ; : : : : : : j j j j 1 j 1 Salaries of home teachers 1 C© 1 - I SI, 700 2, 619 1,004 1,850 2, 775 3, 843 2, 650 1,600 2 2, 461 (') 2 1,231 3, 752 1,600 1, 100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Salaries of class¬ room teachers 1 ! "j i r ! liri 1 : : : : Ml 3,735 3, 400 4,700 7, 920 2, 570 Number of teachers Hos¬ pital teachers - 1 i : : i ; ; ; ; i i ! S || ! [ J | Home teachers eo Tt- esc* s 1 D r-H CM i i i I Class¬ room teachers w : i : ! : : : i ! ! ! ! I : : : : 1 N N r CO CM CM lo r-4 Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school 1 : ; : : ; ; ; I 1 ! ! ! i 2 ! io »-h ! J ^3 2 Second¬ ary grades o | : : : : 1 MM Enrollment ,2JS ||I Ele¬ men¬ tary grades at 1 : : : : : : : : i : i : 1 : : ! : CO j • Number receiv¬ ing home in¬ struction Second¬ ary grades GO j I GO Tt< ! ! — i 05 lO 1C OO i • Oi Hdri II i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades COCQ»C»OOOCOCfl50r-(Oii-i CM CM CM . CM -H CM T-H i— i . Total number enrolled in schools ° 1 i j j j j CM o o co oo i-t cm Number housed in special school buildings Second¬ ary grades 1 * Ele¬ men¬ tary grades l i | i i | i | | Number housed with normal children Second¬ ary grades 1 M 1 " l 1 j i i i I i j ! c o ! co ! Ele¬ men¬ tary grades N cm ^ o ii r-- cm oo os cm i i City - Massachusetts Arlington... . . Chelsea.. . . Chicopee _ _ Fitchburg _ Unlvnlro Lynn . . Malden... . _ Medford... _ _ Newton _ Pittsfield... . . Quincy... . . Revere . . . Salem _ _ Watertown _ _ _ Michigan Battle Creek _ T?nv Cit.v Dearborn (Fordson Dis¬ trict) _ _ _ Hamtramck . Highland Park . . . 73 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES i !8 •Mi : : : : « eo ~ < : ; : i S i ! I § : i § » i § « i * • i * I i 1 CO i I 1 I 1 1 1 ; : ; ; i ; i i O ' i i i i O ■ i ■ O • i ■ i i > O i i i 1 00 i l i I I 1 IO ■ 1 || :: ; ! ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i > i i i i i C*3 i i i i i i i : i i i i mm iggsgg : i i : 1 i : « i | mncoh^- "n«(NC^ llss^i 111 11 :I -r 1 i a 1 i i i i i I i I | • ||- I Zs . gi* •§ fill 111 «3SS oa^icocs Table 16. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 : — 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Expenditures for instruction (ex¬ cluding SUPERVISION) Trans- porta tion of pupus $4, 781 250 30 3> 3 I8S 379 © o CO i I II CO CO CO o $ co ! 8 : Salaries of class¬ room teachers us 3 $5, 700 2, 950 9, 900 2, 995 ! i • i i « i 1 1 i so o 8 o> 8 CO GO 3 1, 530 1, 400 1, 800 1, 482 2, 493 Number of teachers Hos¬ pital teachers 3 r Home teachers co s i-H CO i 1-H CO CO CO 1 Class¬ room teachers c* CO to (N :o to 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school i ■ > 1 1 to o 00 Enrollment Number receiv¬ ing hospital instruction Second¬ ary grades ® i i i Ele¬ men¬ tary grades at 1 ! co 1 Til 1 Number receiv¬ ing home in¬ struction Second¬ ary grades 1- 1 .| i i i i Ti 3 >. S3 S O |8 Troy (Union district)... Watertown... . . Ohio Cleveland Heights _ East Cleveland _ Hamilton. . . . Lakewood . . . . Lima _ _ . Lorain _ Mansfield _ Marion _ _ ... Newark | EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 75 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES (table 17). 3 1938 data. s Various types of handicap. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 3 I £ 1* «£ _ o ^ P 5 .2 Si 8 £ I e r ts a £ 2 £ (4 £ h. CM si P O w CJ II S3 «5 ©3 |§| a-~ a 'i-S'a-S^ Ag’g ^ ^ g | ®S®50 3-3 CSX3 >< fl it O.D'fl5o5'3,c3«®r — 02 « « XI ^ ° I 3a 8 |III l=ai w © to 2fl$5 ■3 ~.a 05 ^ m o 02 *5 35| Wag a ° ex o o Hg o2g © Sf ^'o °s |:3gig'.S. © a > 8* § x Sis g^l Z'2 S o o 3 -a u- X S bxi to §-S x) < geH © 55 s © 3 bxs a is a ! HHCOHCOCCWH >,£ •—> © Jala wg^S ■all % °so.s.§ CD co q 51:2 •a *g„g 2-9 8 3 XI a 8 T3 fcca xxx e’S° ■g.8 l-a © £ b-S slag XJ M Sb-I ’6 « h In ! ■ i i i C* l H rH l ! ! co J §bl CO ' i • 1 02 60 t^COCOCO^OO’-* NOMNCOO OT 'O 1 o 1 fl 1 O.T3 J Ph © o a ! =3 i* ► 'S-- o.SfsScpq^&'ctf’g , 11&&&£*i3lJg EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 79 B a Table 16. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1 939-40 — Continued Group III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 GROUP IV— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 81 j j | | j i i i i i j ; ; ; 1 1 j j ! :: 1 i; s ! i i ;l j j j ! o iss !o i i j j i i j i j l j j j j j 1 §Ic§lS list il ;gish§? i; 8 5^ i j ssSSIgl i is i « !|= s i £ 2. 480 1.600 S j i j i i : i i i | Mi i i j £ ! eo r . !' - rH 04 3° 75 cents per hour. *3 Includes 2 speach-defective children enrolled for home Table 16. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for CRIPPLED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1 939-40 — Continued GROUP IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 83 Table 17. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DELICATE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Expenditures for instruction (excluding SUPERVISION) Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils OO $1. 129 3, 490 1,264 53 1, 949 Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses lO 318 00 t'* CD 44, 196 54 2, 477 Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers CD $28, 260 2,500 | 3, 732 1,673 Salaries of home teachers 2 $25,175 28, 260 2 5, 815 11,095 « 12, 551 * 155 2,500 Salaries of class¬ room teachers $22, 660 i 6, 300 3, 700 50, 889 to o Cl © O 00 145, 662 15, 146 23, 352 Number of teachers Hospi¬ tal teachers w CO rH ! CO Home teachers o lO CO to T-( to Class¬ room teachers - OWHCO W F- 00 05 05 003 H &'-5 a r oi QO r EDUCATI01 8 : :s & :£ ", 19 38- 4i 0 S t Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses is iss [ H ICON 1 CO ' CO f-H ® Oi 00 CO CO 00 Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers C© i Sm ■ o to CO '| 00 i co cc CO O Salaries of home teachers $4,500 3,685 (8) CO CO N CO *° CO Salaries of class¬ room teachers $10, 600 8, 167 1, 238, 315 6, 550 12, 200 « 7, 560 1,376 - rH oo City - New York Albany _ Buffalo.-. _ _ _ New York . . . . Rochester _ 05 3 CQ Utica . . North Carolina Charlotte-. . . Ohio Akron . . . Cincinnati _ Columbus . . . . Dayton . . . Toledo.- _ _ Oregon Portland... . . EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 87 * Part-time. 10 Includes epileptics. 8 1938 data. u Part-time, teaches crippled also. 7 Teach various types of handicap. 12 Includes crippled and epileptics, taught by same teacher. 6 See crippled (table 16). 13 Home teacher instructs hospitalized children also. e$1.22 per hour. u Includes secondary grades. Table 17. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for DELICATE children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 — Con. Group II— CITIES 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Expenditures for instruction (excluding SUPERVISION) Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils 1 2 1 m co io CO CO o €/^ i-H 92 487 1, 114 Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses $08 1,689 73 403 o 45 40 Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers 16 $1,200 | 1,080 Salaries of home teachers CO Cl 40 o 40 i 03 'ft is [I ■Je !ft Ottumwa _ _ £ I5 IS : 5 '33 Kansas Toneka Kentucky Lexington. . EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 14 Part-time, 75 cents per hour for elementary grades and $1 per hour for high Table 17. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DELI CATE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group II— CITIES 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Expenditures for instruction (excluding SUPERVISION) Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils QO $925 1, 290 500 5 544 269 Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses $1, 900 2,694 343 460 3,042 Salaries of hos¬ pital teachers © i Salaries of home teachers us Salaries of class¬ room teachers 3 $4, 450 7,287 1.400 3.400 3, 146 1,900 5, 868 1, 247 Number of teachers Hospi¬ tal teachers CO Home teachers c? Class¬ room teachers Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school © ao oo r-i ^ C3 26 18 11 Enrollment _ ! Number receiv¬ ing hosoital instruction Second¬ ary grades © Ele¬ men¬ tary grades ao Number receiv¬ ing home instruction Second¬ ary grades Ele¬ men¬ tary grades l ^ Total number enrolled in school 1C CO Tt* CO NOHIO COON 03 COHOSH Num¬ ber housed in special school build¬ ings (ele¬ men¬ tary grades) - CO oos 1 > O c m Do ® llllllli coca u.i nT 55 I CO II OB 91 * Part time. i» $1 per hour. 7 Teach various types of handicap. 17 Home teachers teach both delicate and crippled in home and hospital. ‘See crippled (table 16) 18 Includes 1 partially seeing child enrolled for home instruction. Table 17. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for DELICA TE children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Group IV— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 93 I! g . oju 3 s g •sJI ts a co O 3 m a -*3 V l~ Is 3 3 WZ e5*-3 ©,§ « a ss «■& OOP cs a -eg • a!g 0 S «> c "*s .ss! c3 o3 ^ 111 So s b o o i® C o Pkh-ICQ 3>S 464993°— 42- 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 18. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for EPILEPTIC children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 GROUP I —CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 City Enrollment Average daily attendance of pupils in school Number of TEACHERS Expenditures for INSTRUCTION (EX¬ CLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) Number housed with nor¬ mal children (elementary grades) Number housed in special school buildings Total number enrolled in school Number receiving home in¬ struction Classroom teacher Home teachers Salaries of classroom teach¬ ers Salaries of home teachers Special equipment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Elementary grades Secondary grades Elementary 1 grades Secondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 California Oakland 7 6 (l) 0) San Francisco _ _ _ 12 2 2 2 2 $764 Connecticut Hartford 4 (*) (») Illinois Chicago . . . . 19 19 1 $2, 255 Kentucky Louisville _ ... .. _ 2 (i) (i) Massachusetts New Bedford 11 (*) (1 2 3 4) Michigan Detroit ... ... . .. 119 12 131 124 7 15, 632 4 $20, 538 New York Buffalo 23 23 15 1 2, 300 420 New York 167 56 0) <9 Ohio Akron _ _ _ 2 1 0) (1) Dayton 3 1 1 (1) Toledo 6 (9 GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Pasadena 2 2 (9 (9 Santa Barbara 1 2 (3) (3) Iowa Cedar Rapids 3 10 3 10 (9 H (3) $500 Michigan Battle Creek New Hampshire Nashua _ ... 1 (9 (9 1 See crippled (table 16) . 2 Part-time. 2 See delicate (table 17). 4 Includes $14,503 for transportation. 4 See mentally deficient (table 19). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 95 Table 18. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for EPILEPTIC children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued City ENROLLMENT Average daily attendance of pupils in school NUMBER OF TEACHERS Expenditures for INSTRUCTION (EX¬ CLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) Number housed with nor¬ mal children (elementary grades) Number housed in special school buildings Total number enrolled in school Number receiving home in¬ struction Classroom teacher Home teachers Salaries of classroom teach¬ ers i Salaries of home teachers Special equipment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Elementary j grades Secondary grades Elementary grades Secondary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 New Jersey Irvington. __ _. . . 3 3 («) Ohio Mansfield. _ _ 1 (s) (3) Springfield _ _ 1 (3) (3) Warren . _ _ 2 (i) Zanesville _ 1 (2) 1 $135 GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California San Leandro .. 1 1 0) (*> New Jersey Asbury Park 1 2 2 2 1 (3) 22 (7) (2) 1 (*) Long Branch $169 Teaneck. _ . _ Weehawken 815 (8) Ohio Cuyahoga Falls Pennsylvania Tamaqua 2 2 (s) Rhode Island Johnston _ . _ 2 (3) (3) Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Chino _ _ 2 1 2 (3) 21 22 (3) 3 $304 2 284 Massachusetts Ludlow . New Jersey North Arlington . Pennsylvania Etna . . . 1 1 (5) (») 1 See crippled (table 16). 1 Part-time. * See delicate (table 17). ! See mentally deficient (table 19). ® $1 per hour. 7 Taught by regular classroom teachers, after hours. * Part-time, 75 cents per hour. 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for M EN TALLY DEFICIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 Enrollment Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings 1 2 Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades school 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Alabama Birmingham _ 204 40 244 193 12 $16, 420 California Long Beach _ 90 i 16 i 116 110 9 22, 400 1,440 650 > 1, 966 1 4, 367 315 3, 755 296 187 399. 790 44,640 $47, 107 $14, 632 Oakland _ 203 112 18 128 128 119 9 17, 856 17, 388 139, 275 833 108 108 100 2 7 866 286 142 1,294 780 65 2,486 640 Colorado Denver . . . 299 299 12 25, 910 Connecticut Bridgeport _ _ 375 375 341 22 44, 700 1.338 1, 338 2,908 Hartford.. _ 256 176 432 22 45, 700 70, 000 4, 924 New Haven _ 420 50 280 750 630 35 1, 050 Delaware Wilmington . . 228 77 184 489 19 16, 913 District of Columbia Washington _ 941 157 1, 098 904 59 120, 300 502, 148 Georgia Atlanta 414 205 619 457 30 63, 472 Illinois Chicago 3, 716 .3, 716 63 268 504, 389 5,860 Peoria 63 50 4 Indiana Indianapolis 1, 040 1,040 40 72,394 1,008 668 Iowa Des Moines 3 507 3 263 3 135 3 905 3 25 2 42, 251 Kansas Wichita . 88 88 4 5,778 EIentucky Louisville _ 340 340 287 17 30, 600 Louisiana New Orleans _ 220 220 200 18 32, 493 Maryland Baltimore. . 5, 555 1,440 6, 995 4,787 242 419, 547 8, 624 1 All the children in this column are enrolled in elementary grades. Additional pupils are reported in secondary grades as follows: Long Beach, Calif., 10; Los Angeles, Calif., 311; Toledo, Ohio, 12; Waco, Tex., 5. These are included in the total enrollment given in column 5. 2 Plus 1 part-time teacher. 2 1938 data. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 97 Table 19. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939—40 — Cont. Group I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPER¬ VISION) Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings 1 * * 4 Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Massachusetts 2,238 2, 238 131 $317, 665 248 248 12 26, 653 $19 Fall River. .. . . 129 335 464 21 35, 322 412 412 277 19 29, 940 $198 80 134 17 151 8 14, 219 415 43 458 35 70, 600 2, 830 Michigan Detroit . . . 2, 493 339 938 3, 770 3, 572 166 387, 491 11, 490 24, 220 Flint _ _ 228 100 328 239 12 20, 671 3 278 3 72 3 350 3 16 3 25, 752 Minnesota Duluth . ._ . 301 301 272 20 38, 016 464 Minneapolis . . 698 360 1,058 838 62 127, 643 645 3,776 St. Paul.... . . 375 26 307 708 531 35 66, 827 4,287 3,985 Missouri Kansas City 533 533 24 37, 938 4, 756 St. Louis 589 589 522 32 52, 125 3, 156 Nebraska Omaha _ _ _ 110 110 92 5 4,630 415 675 New Jersey Camden _ 150 150 124 13 24, 450 Elizabeth _ 121 121 107 5 7, 584 « 1,442 Jersey City _ 341 341 321 21 50, 967 1, 455 Newark _ 545 42 952 1,539 1,369 75 214, 702 4, 967 Paterson 248 248 224 17 40, 207 2, 633 Trenton 225 225 205 16 40, 600 2, 283 New York Albany 242 208 450 16 35, 900 Buffalo 1,427 736 2, 163 1, 570 119 245, 950 5, 182 10, 500 New York 9,888 1, 970 11, 858 10, 686 609 2, 058, 663 35, 193 Rochester 742 39 781 684 38 86, 150 Syracuse. _ 133 133 119 9 18, 550 765 1, 710 Utica 3 89 3 89 s4 3 8, 550 *835 Yonkers 211 211 14 45, 800 North Carolina Charlotte . 378 378 347 17 22, 134 Ohio Akron. . . _ 100 100 74 4 7, 458 631 215 Cincinnati _ 1, 003 355 1,358 1, 134 62 158, 566 3, 517 3, 028 Cleveland . . 2, 409 2,409 2, 010 93 183, 809 2,881 13, 116 Columbus _ 358 358 294 16 29, 322 Dayton _ _ 25 25 2 2, 498 2 15 Toledo . i 378 1 390 29 60, 112 Youngstown _ 295 295 238 14 23, 450 Oklahoma Oklahoma City 123 291 414 313 15 19, 235 Tulsa _ _ 24 250 274 156 11 20, 493 i All the children in this column are enrolled in elementary grades. Additional pupils are reported in secondary grades as follows: Long Beach, Calif., 10; Los Angeles, Calif., 311; Toledo, Ohio, 12; Waco, Tex., 5. These are included in the total enrollment given in column 5. * 1938 data. 4 Includes various types of handicap. 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 — Cont. Group I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPER¬ VISION) Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Oregon 663 663 619 30 $53, 624 $1. 173 Pennsylvania Erie _ _ 237 267 504 449 24 42, 025 1,701 Philadelphia _ 6, 201 2, 531 * 8, 732 6, 959 3 362 5 878, 056 $31,696 3,394 Pittsburgh... _ _ 711 711 624 37 79, 220 Reading 77 166 243 200 11 24, 600 1. 410 Scranton. _ 153 153 125 9 15, 500 1, 248 Rhode Island Providence _ 461 461 27 49, 765 6 Tennessee Memphis _ 62 112 174 161 5 8, 870 N ashville 104 104 4 5,550 600 Texas Dallas _ 111 111 66 6 7, 576 231 Houston . . . .. 150 150 5ft 9, 204 100 Utah Salt Lake City _ 85 142 227 185 7 12, 714 Virginia Norfolk. . 202 202 162 10 14, 442 292 Richmond . 183 183 150 9 16, 150 Washington Seattle . . ... 594 163 757 638 41 92, 062 Spokane . . 30 78 108 93 7 14, 840 Tacoma _ 174 131 305 217 12 23, 021 Wisconsin Milwaukee _ 1,401 1,401 49 88, 975 2,397 2,318 GROUP II. — CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Arizona Tucson _ _ .. 37 37 34 2 $2, 976 $90 California Alhambra _ 36 36 32 2 3, 175 9, 570 330 Berkeley 76 76 4 Burbank . . 14 16 30 26 2 4, 240 * In addition, 1 teacher receiving an annual salary of $2,450 Is reported as Instructing 26 hospitalized men¬ tally deficient children. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 99 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Cont. Group II —CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940-Continued Enrollment City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 California— Con. Glendale _ _ 84 68 45 10 96 Santa Barbara _ Colorado Colorado Springs ... 3 as Connecticut Meriden _ 35 38 New Britain. _ _ 19 36 New London _ _ . 88 Norwalk _ . 58 Norwich _ 3 42 Stamford . 83 Waterbury . 189 West Haven _ 60 Illinois Alton.. _ _ 19 Bloomington _ 3 35 Cicero. _ 38 Danville 71 East St. Louis 62 Elgin... 17 Rockford _ 127 76 Indiana Evansville. _ _ 358 Richmond _ 109 147 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ . 20 Davenport _ . 128 Sioux City _ 162 Kansas Topeka . . ... 92 Kentucky Lexington . . 36 Maine Portland . 56 Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPER¬ VISION) Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans porta- tion of pupils 5 6 7 8 9 10 152 10 $20, 258 45 37 # 4 7,595 10 8 1 1,800 96 (7) (7) (*) (8) * 25 3 1 3 2, 188 73 57 4 8, 229 $300 $184 55 47 3 3, 884 950 88 77 5 8, 236 480 51 58 3 4, 364 201 18 3 42 »3 3 3, 977 3 107 83 79 5 9. 275 189 141 8 15, 970 586 199 60 52 3 4,840 427 19 1 1,000 3 35 35 3 3, 854 38 4 5, 775 71 47 4 4, 826 174 62 44 3 4,135 673 17 10 1 1,097 43 8 203 13 21, 266 679 774 358 17 32, 500 256 210 8 14,394 73 20 (i°) (,0) 8 128 7 11, 450 162 128 10 16, 970 92 88 7 10, 932 36 2 3, 280 50 56 51 4 6,700 239 269 * 1938 data. 8 Teach epileptics also. 7 See speech-defective (table 15). • 1 mentally deficient home-bound child reported as being instructed by home teacher of the delicate. 8 Includes behavior problems. 10 See delicate (table 17). 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued City Enroi Number housed with normal children LI. M ENT Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 Massachusetts Arlington . . 20 28 76 124 103 8 72 30 102 6 30 15 u 45 39 3 128 128 98 7 90 90 77 12 8 42 • 32 74 67 7 105 105 7 48 97 145 126 9 79 79 6 99 126 225 203 15 117 117 9 Medford _ 41 70 111 107 7 Newton _ 164 15 179 153 10 Pittsfield . 44 10 54 4 Quincy _ 149 149 135 9 Revere _ 79 79 7 Taunton _ 71 71 70 6 Waltham . . 180 180 9 Watertown . . . 87 87 76 6 Michigan Battle Creek _ 210 212 422 16 Bay City 98 98 6 Dearborn (Fordson District) _ 130 45 175 151 7 Hamtramck _ 168 44 212 138 5 Highland Park 55 40 95 7 Jackson _ 367 65 432 419 18 Kalamazoo _ _ 144 144 120 8 Lansing _ 160 160 121 7 Saginaw _ 96 96 5 Missouri St. Joseph _ 116 116 102 10 Montana Butte . . . 75 75 4 Nebraska Lincoln _ 52 33 85 4 New Hampshire Manchester _ 16 16 1 Nashua _ 67 67 54 4 New Jerset Atlantic City _ 102 102 88 8 Bavonne _ _ 124 124 3 Bloomfield _ 88 88 72 6 Clifton _ 58 58 48 3 Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils $14, 9, 11 7, 11, 12. 12, 10, * 16’ 11, 30, 14, 14, 20, 5, 17, 10, 635 713 300 155 74S 150 350 850 750 571 600 091 332 580 900 998 ,520 ,000 ,475 9, 340 6,975 5,760 1,600 5,875 17, 635 7, 920 15, 950 5, 350 $359 $79 76 200 11 In addition, 9 part-time teachers receiving a total amount of $580 are reported as instructing 9 mentally deficient home-bound children. 12 Includes 1 part-time teacher. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 101 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades school 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 New jersey— Con. 44 44 36 3 $6, 775 16, 560 4, 350 14, 100 $307 643 $699 68 68 59 6 29 29 2 98 102 102 5 9 9 1 1,600 63 63 60 4 10, 600 34, 650 105 105 91 7 123 >3 123 6 43 13, 612 1,815 18, 475 4, 590 13 13 1 344 148 148 122 8 116 1,488 West New York _ 52 52 4 New York Amsterdam . 3 39 3 39 3 3 3 5, 800 14, 075 3 32, 025 16, 206 Auburn _ 54 59 113 108 9 Binghamton _ 3 281 3 281 3 17 3 242 Elmira _ - . 138 138 98 8 1,202 Jamestown _ 132 132 103 7 12, 271 Mount Vernon __ 104 104 73 19, 214 New Rochelle _ 120 21 141 128 7 14, 600 31,218 7, 325 5, 200 Niagara Falls _ 228 77 305 244 14 1,761 Poughkeepsie _ 102 102 77 4 Rome _ _ 51 51 44 3 Schenectady _ 291 291 219 16 35, 126 3 3, 600 4, 600 6, 000 23, 284 1, 186 2,331 Troy: Lansingburg District _ 3 36 3 36 3 2 Union Dis¬ trict _ 42 42 33 2 44 798 54 W atertown 53 53 46 3 White Plains _ 87 73 160 133 9 North Dakota Fargo _ 24 24 2 2,851 Ohio Cleveland Heights.. East Cleveland. .. . 64 64 56 4 9, 930 40 40 3 6,080 41 240 Hamilton . . 3 17 3 17 m 3 (16) 6,827 3 5, 580 6, 100 Lakewood . . 29 29 24 Lima _ _ 3 111 3 111 3 4 Lorain _ 55 55 50 3 610 Mansfield . . 57 57 48 3 5, 363 Marion _ 21 21 21 1 1,305 3 4, 582 7,300 4, 323 Norwood _ 3 15 3 11 3 26 3 2 Springfield _ _ 93 93 67 4 Steubenville _ 29 29 28 2 Oklahoma Muskogee . 11 11 1 1,150 135 180 a 1938 data. 13 In addition 1 full-time and 1 part-time teacher receiving a total amount of $1,577 reported as insstmcting mentally deficient home-bound children. 14 Includes crippled and delicate. 13 See crippled (table 16). 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (EXCLUDING SUPERVI¬ SION) ‘ City Number housed with normal children Number housed Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades school build¬ ings * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pennsylvania , 152 152 137 9 $17, 650 $650 224 84 308 224 14 23, 510 1,804 $269 28 11 39 35 3 6, 500 350 133 40 173 8 15, 400 134 186 320 290 14 23, 213 2, 258 584 18 18 13 1 2, 100 105 740 75 75 68 4 7,100 15 124 139 110 7 15, 350 1, 186 60 60 59 4 6,500 563 99 New Castle _ 70 70 64 5 9,400 552 Norristown _ 3 182 3 182 3 7 3 13, 200 W illiamsport _ 55 55 50 3 4, 300 103 39 York- . _ 56 45 101 95 6 10, 000 821 Rhode Island Gransfon 50 50 45 3 5, 736 143 87 Pawtucket 32 32 2 2, 200 South Carolina Columbia _ - 31 31 2 2, 300 Greenville _ 15 9 15 1 1,000 Texas El Paso . . 82 82 4 3, 870 W aco _ _ i 21 i 26 2 1,600 Virginia Newport News _ 32 32 2 3, 200 Petersburg _ 25 25 lYi 1,980 Portsmouth _ 93 93 81 4 4, 840 200 Roanoke _ 50 50 4 4, 320 Washington Everett _ 103 11 114 102 7 9, 475 190 Wisconsin Eau Claire _ _ 39 39 39 3 3, 900 Green Bay _ 34 34 24 2 3,510 452 74 Kenosha _ .. 116 116 86 7J4 8, 744 426 1, 529 La Crosse _ _ 52 52 49 3 6, 150 Madison 109 109 88 5 9, 900 216 2, 117 Oshkosh 62 62 46 3 4, 589 538 432 Racine. _ 66 66 62 6 9, 902 384 467 Sheboygan . _ 47 23 70 62 3 3, 957 802 665 Superior _ 48 18 66 52 4 7, 490 182 2, 134 West Allis _ 32 32 30 2 3, 216 i All the children listed in this column are in elementary grades. Additional pupils are reported in secondary grades as follows: Long Beach, Calif., 10; Los Angeles, Calif., 311; Toledo, Ohio, 12; Waco, Tex., 5. These are included in the total enrollment given in column 5. a 1938 data. 9 Includes behavior problems. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 103 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (excluding supervi¬ sion) City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades school > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 California (16) 07) 56 (18) (17) 1 (16) (17) $6, 300 1, 440 45 11 11 11 7 1 Connecticut 8 16 3 16 3 1 3 1, 600 Derby _ _ 36 36 3 2 3 3, 000 29 29 2 3, 500 4,500 1, 700 $1, 076 $600 Middletown _ _ _ 46 15 46 43 3 180 Naugatuck 15 13 1 60 320 Stratford . - _ . 20 20 60 100 86 4 5, 990 5, 700 1, 350 400 255 Torrington 52 52 42 3 113 Wallingford ... .. _ 20 20 1 175 200 Illinois Sterling (District No. 11) . 6 6 (16) 1 (15) 1, 260 Wilmette. _ 9 9 Indiana Bedford.. . _ 15 15 1 1, 100 2,325 3,050 1, 250 1, 620 2,450 100 300 Bloomington _ _ 61 61 44 2 2,000 Columbus _ 19 28 47 2 Iowa Ames 14 14 9 1 Marshalltown _ 28 28 ltt Newton.. . . . 16 19 35 22 2 KANSAS Emporia . _ 10 20 30 2 2,228 1, 485 Manhattan .. . . 23 23 19 1 Kentucky Henderson . . . (18) (18) (18) Massachusetts Amesbury _ 2 15 17 13 1 1, 000 Athol. _ _ 21 21 17 1 1, 100 2,450 6, 300 Attleboro _ ... 35 35 2 62 107 Beverly _ 44 44 36 3 1, 633 200 353 Braintree _ 35 35 3 5, 400 Danvers _ _ 12 12 1 1, 520 2,400 1,050 Dedham _ 26 26 2 1 Easthampton _ 17 17 12 Fairhaven.. _ 21 21 16 1 1, 375 Gardner _ . 13 13 1 1, 500 3 1938 data. 15 See crippled, table 16. 18 Two teachers receiving a total of $380 were reported as instructing 4 mentally deficient home-bound children. 17 Thirteen mentally deficient home-bound children reported as being instructed by home teacher of deli¬ cate. is Seven mentally deficient home-bound children reported as being instructed by home teacher of delicate. 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 Massachusetts— Continued 60 18 18 89 19 17 48 19 36 3 12 57 13 15 32 Saugus 33 Southbridce 33 33 Swampscott _ 3 11 Wakefield _ 28 W ebster 18 Welleslev _ 17 W ey mouth _ 52 Winchester _ 12 10 Wirtthrnp 11 Woburn _ 28 Michigan Ferndale _ 15 Holland . . . 43 Ironwood _ 15 Marquette - _ 19 Mount Clemens _ 40 Niles 48 Owosso -- _ 32 River Rouge _ 29 Roval Oak __ _ 49 Sault Ste. Marie _ 38 Traverse City _ 12 Minnesota Albert Lea... .T _ 8 6 Faribault _ 9 18 Mankato _ 54 Rochester _ 107 St Cloud 32 South St. Paul _ 50 18 Virginia _ 11 21 W inona _ 44 32 Missouri Hannibal 15 .Tflffp.rsnn Cit.y 25 31 Montana Great Falls _ 84 51 Nebraska Norfolk. . 17 Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (excluding supervi¬ sion) Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils 5 6 7 8 9 10 60 54 3 $4, .900 $50 36 2 3, 600 89 5 8, 000 36 32 2 3,250 48 38 3 3, 850 19 18 1 1,600 36 32 2 3, 600 $210 140 3 12 3 1 3 1, 185 3 200 57 50 4 5, 550 500 13 10 1 1, 500 15 1 1,000 60 60 32 29 2 3,300 68 228 33 2 3, 000 66 3 3, 640 311 1 1,500 28 27 2 3, 600 59 18 14 1 1, 650 17 13 1 1,350 52 43 4 6, 600 198 22 2 3, 500 11 1 1,400 107 28 2 2, 900 25 15 1 1,750 43 41 2 3, 100 15 12 1 1, 300 19 1 1,800 40 2 3, 290 48 39 3 4, 325 32 27 2 2, 625 60 29 1 2, 500 41 49 39 4 4, 270 429 38 27 2 2,850 12 1 1,450 21 14 2 2,650 27 24 2 3, 135 69 211 54 45 3 4, 970 40 220 107 88 6 9, 324 277 496 32 27 2 3, 380 182 690 68 53 4 6, 524 457 32 28 3 6, 236 76 63 5 7, 583 615 77 15 1 1,080 141 56 51 2 2,640 135 4 5, 710 17 13 1. 100 * 1938 data. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 105 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment # Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (excluding supervi¬ sion) City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades school 1 _ i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 New Hamsphire 8 8 1 $1,200 $200 13 57 70 3 3. 133 20 20 15 1 1, 250 27 15 42 3 3, 650 New Jersey 38 38 2 2, 866 32 32 2 2, 825 1.700 12 12 8 1 44 22 66 54 3 6, 625 11 11 9 1 1, 600 1,450 9,937 1,800 15 15 13 1 75 5 Hawthorne _ 15 ■ 15 1 Linden _ 61 61 54 4 8, 800 Lodi 14 14 28 1 2,2/5 Lone Branch .. 44 44 39 3 6,700 80 Lynd hurst 64 64 4 7, 975 Millville 26 26 2 3, 075 Morristown 32 32 5 7, 000 Neptune (P. O. Ocean Grovel 35 35 31 3 5,230 2,200 1,300 1,800 Nutley 14 14 12 1 Pennsauken (P. O. Merchantville) _ PI easan t vil 1 e 17 17 14 1 15 15 11 1 100 Rah wav 108 108 6 10, 900 1,860 Rutherford 15 15 1 South River 19 19 17 1 1,550 Summit 19 19 14 1 2, 200 Teaneck 17 17 1 2, 450 Union 27 27 2 2, 800 Vineland 63 63 55 4 6, 375 448 $506 Weehawken 11 11 8 1 2, 150 Westfield 31 31 2 3,600 2, 350 West Orange 20 20 14 1 New York Batavia 3 30 3 30 3 2 3 3, 810 3,900 1,700 Cornine (District No. 9) 23 23 20 2 250 Endicott _ _ 18 18 17 1 Floral Park _ 31 31 25 2 4, 100 Geneva _ 30 30 27 2 3, 700 200 Glen Cove _ ' 19 19 17 1 2, 550 Glens Falls . 14 14 10 1 2,100 3,850 Gloversville _ 31 31 26 2 Hemnstead _ 48 48 33 2 2, 900 350 Hudson _ 18 18 1 1,800 Ithaca _ 32 16 48 37 3 5, 749 171 Kingston _ 16 16 12 1 1, 850 2,500 Lackawanna _ 17 17 10 1 Little Falls _ _ 15 13 28 23 2 3,200 4,-iOO 2, 850 80 Lockport _ 43 43 33 2 1, 800 50 Mamaroneck _ 17 17 14 1 Massena. _ 24 24 16 1 1,500 3, 737 Middletown _ 36 36 24 2 203 Ogdensburg _ 3 61 3 61 3 3 3 5, 500 3 150 Olean _ 30 30 26 2 4, 391 Oneonta . 17 17 1 1, 600 * 1938 data. 106 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group 111.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued Enrollment Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (excluding supervi¬ sion) City Number housed with normal children v umber housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in Number of class¬ room teachers Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades school 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 New York— Con. 28 28 23 2 $2, 555 Peekskill . 18 18 17 1 2, 200 12 12 1 2, 550 3 1, 825 11, 125 3 1, 400 3 18 3 18 31 73 43 116 99 6 $464 Tonawanda _ _ _ 3 15 3 15 1 3 $104 18 18 16 1 1, 800 North Carolina 79 79 2 2, 034 Ohio Alliance _ ... 36 36 25 3 3, 025 179 Ashtabula _ 17 17 (,#) 1 (19) 1,500 3, 600 Cambridge _ 11 11 Campbell _ . _ 29 29 2 Chillicothe 15 15 1 1, 405 1,440 1,300 2, 844 1,510 1,800 50 Cuyahoga Falls 9 9 1 Euclid _ 3 23 23 1 Findlay . . - 33 33 24 2 58 119 Fostoria 13 13 1 100 Garfield Heights (P. O. Cleveland) 17 e17 13 1 91 Massillon 73 73 63 1 1,350 254 New Philadelphia.. Parma (P. O. Cleve¬ land) _ 20 20 18 1 1, 449 3, 654 43 43 2 Piqua. . . . 36 36 2 2, 850 100 Shaker Heights (P. 0. Cleveland) _ 14 14 12 1 2,832 1,200 Struthers.. _ 28 28 (U) (15) 3, 700 Wooster _ 21 25 46 37 25 215 Oregon Medford 32 32 25 1 1, 500 66 201 Pennsylvania Abington 35 35 32 3 5, 150 1,550 3.200 2, 600 5, 500 1, 400 2, 900 1.200 4, 700 1, 100 Arnold 21 21 17 1 100 Beaver Falls 30 30 2 Bradford 41 41 31 1 H 4 Bristol 65 65 59 390 Carlisle 17 17 15 1 75 Chambersburg _ _ 33 33 2 100 Charleroi 18 18 1 300 C oates ville. . _ 49 49 40 3 Conshohocken . . 16 16 1 100 Dunmore 51 51 48 3 5, 250 » 1, 471 2, 400 2, 400 1,000 800 Duquesne 11 ion 20 1 Ellwood City 33 33 30 2 50 441 Greensburg 36 36 2 125 10 Hanover 15 15 1 Lebanon 42 42 34 3 4, 750 Lock Haven _ 16 16 1 1, 400 150 3 1938 data. > Includes behavior problems, i* See crippled (table 16). See blind and partially seeing (table 13). so In addition 2 mentally deficient home-bound children reported as being instructed by home teacher of he delicate. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 107 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Con. Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for instruc¬ tion (excluding supervi¬ sion) Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 Pennsylvania — Continued 29 29 2 $3,000 19 19 17 1 1,500 $500 20 21 20 18 21 1 2i 1, 200 200 Oil City 18 18 14 1 1,800 100 17 17 16 1 1, 700 50 11 11 9 1 1, 500 50 36 36 32 2 3, 100 190 7 1 1,000 28 28 2 2, 950 500 16 16 10 1 1,600 32 32 4 2 4 3, 450 4 $200 14 14 13 1 1, 570 Uniontown _ 20 20 18 1 1, 500 47 W arrpn 46 46 44 3 4,800 650 675 Washington ... 45 45 3 3, 800 2, 100 Waynpshnrn 15 15 12 1 1, 150 25 West Chester _ 34 _ 34 25 2 3, 100 218 Wilkinsburg 18 18 1 1,997 100 Rhode Island Central Falls 101 101 88 6 8,460 Johnston 16 22 16 22 1 22 1, 500 Vermont Rutland 28 28 24 2 2,636 14 Washington Bellingham 16 16 1 1, 800 Bremerton 80 80 66 12 4 6, 388 Longview 30 30 2 3, 132 Olympia 34 34 30 2 3,510 970 85 Port Angeles 13 13 12 1 1,800 65 Vancouver 183 183 10 16, 413 Yakima _ _ 00 100 87 5 8, 300 256 162 Wisconsin Appleton _ 53 53 45 3 4, 616 1, 004 659 Ashland _ _ .. 14 14 1 1, 365 92 Beloit _ _ _ 34 34 32 2 2, 866 Cudahy. . _ 13 13 12 1 1,800 11 Fond du Lac... 28 18 46 40 3 4, 050 139 Janesville. .. . _ _ 31 31 2 3, 700 25 28 Manitowoc 27 27 21 2 3, 500 359 250 Marinette — . . 37 37 33 2 3, 025 Shorewood 16 16 12 1 1, 700 South Milwaukee... 24 23 47 40 2 2, 281 262 Stevens Point. 26 26 22 2 2, 685 Two Rivers . 25 25 20 2 2, 669 450 92 Wratertown _ .. 17 17 1 1, 400 41 Waukesha _ _ _ 37 37 29 2 2, 700 44 Wausau _ .. 37 17 54 41 3 5,426 40 Wauwatosa 27 27 24 2 3, 357 Wisconsin Rapids.. 18 18 16 1 1,425 16 42 Wyoming Casper _ 68 68 3 5, 001 44 79 Sheridan... .. 18 18 1 1,338 4 Various types of handicap. 12 Includes 1 part-time teacher. 21 In addition 1 part-time teacher receiving $1 per hour reported as instructing 1 mentally deficient home- hound child. 22 In addition 1 part-time teacher receiving $300 is reported as instructing 3 mentally deficient home-bound children. 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI~ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940 City Enrollment Number housed with normal children Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades Number housed in special school build- Total number enrolled in school Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (excluding SUPERVISION) Salaries of cl ass- room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils California Carmel _ Chino _ El Segundo. Colorado Alamosa _ Connecticut Griswold _ Rockville _ Southington. Winsted _ Illinois Savanna. Indiana Brazil _ Seymour. Iowa Charles City.. Maine Brunswick. Massachusetts Andover _ Auburn. . Barnstable.... Dartmouth... Dudley _ Dracut . . Franklin . Hudson . Lee _ Longmeadow. Ludlow _ Mansfield _ Marblehead— Montague _ Nantucket _ Orange. . . Reading _ Rockland . Rockport _ Somerset _ Spencer _ Stoughton _ 37 17 (23) (23) (») 36 39 27 12 * 1 $2, 700 1,250 1,200 2, 800 1,347 1, 050 1,120 1,260 * 1, 000 1, 050 3, 400 1,200 2, 800 2, 300 1,400 1, 200 1,125 1, 300 1, 550 1,900 3, 740 1,420 1, 480 3,165 1, 100 95a 1,500 1, 100 950 1,200 1,250 1,500 $165 200 200 10 372 $736 277 275 66 15 25 ■ 100 70 143 110 75 33 75 65 4 Various types of handicap. 23 Each of these cities reported 1 mentally deficient hoine-bound child as being instructing by home teachers. Carmel reported 1 teacher receiving $114, Chino and El Segundo reported these children as being instructed by the home teacher of the delicate. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 109 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI- CIENTchildren in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (excluding SUPERVISION) Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele- men tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Michigan 13 13 12 1 $1, 450 $44 Ishpeming. . . 9 9 1 1, 400 17 17 1 1,500 $93 23 23 18 1 1,326 15 15 14 1 1,600 78 St.Clair . . . 16 16 1 1,900 Wakefield . 15 15 14 1 1, 450 350 600 Zeeland.. . . 9 9 8 1 1,400 Minnesota Chisholm _. _ 15 15 14 1 1, 650 91 Crookston _ . 13 13 10 1 1, 272 48 116 Elv _ 21 21 2 3. 332 91 International Falls.. 31 31 2 2, 655 24 Little Falls . . 17 17 15 1 1,152 50 113 Moorhead _ 15 15 12 1 1.368 96 Nashwauk... . . 10 10 8 1 1,691 85 New Ulm _ 14 14 1 1,225 Owatonna _ _ 10 10 8 1 1,450 30 White Bear Lake _ 14 14 13 1 1,100 13 Missouri Maryville _ 20 20 19 1 1, 050 195 New Jersey Bernardsville _ 23 24 23 18 24 1 2, 375 Haddon Heights _ 13 13 1 1,950 30 Haledon. . _ 15 15 1 1,200 Madison. . _ _ 65 65 5 9,275 North Arlington _ 9 9 8 1 2. 000 North Plainfield _ 18 18 1 2, 100 212 Palisades Park _ 11 11 1 1,715 Somerville _ 16 16 13 1 1, 750 Totowa (P. 0. Pat¬ erson) _ 12 12 1 1, 150 New York Albion _ 12 12 1 1,650 Canajoharie 14 14 1 1,325 Dansville _ 13 13 1 1,600 Depew _ _ 18 18 1 1,550 50 East Rochester _ 12 12 10 1 1,275 125 Fairport _ 17 17 1 1,625 35 Frankfort 27 27 20 2 3, 200 Great Neck _ 18 18 1 2.865 Greenpnrt. 16 16 14 1 1,550 Lancaster _ 18 18 12 1 2,000 Le Roy _ 14 14 11 1 1, 725 Medina _ 12 12 1 1, 766 Monticello _ 24 24 15 1 1,500 29 Newark _ _ 15 15 13 1 1, 175 North Tarrytown... 13 14 27 2 4,600 177 Penn Yan _ 11 11 22 2 2, 700 69 Saranac Lake _ 14 14 10 1 1, 525 25 Scotia . . . g 8 1 2,200 Sloan ... .... 44 44 3 4, 770 150 Ticonderoga 14 14 1 1,600 North Carolina Henderson. _ 25 25 23 1 1,800 24 In addition 1 home teacher receiving $249 is reported as instructing 1 mentally deficient home-bound child. 464993°— 42 - 8 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 19. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for MENTALLY DEFI¬ CIENT children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1940-Continued Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equip¬ ment, text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of ' pupils 6 7 8 9 10 (2S) (25) 1 $1. 550 23 1 1, 500 11 1 1,026 $200 33 2 3, 089 18 1 1, 170 1 1,687 1 1, 170 95 16 1 1,200 186 1 1,200 561 1 1, 600 50 $50 1 1,675 18 1 1,600 300 4 1 4 1, 200 32 2 3,600 137 26 2 3. 050 250 1 1,500 281 36 2 3,200 51 3 5,304 600 130 1 1,600 150 10 1 1, 500 150 12 1 950 432 14 1 1,400 50 1 1,260 17 1 1,500 135 2 1,860 10 1 1, 300 ""’760 1 1,200 50 1 960 1 1, 400 30 2 2, 670 208 (28) (26) 4 2 4 2, 900 1 1,450 11 1 1, 100 44 8 1 1,150 28 11 1 2,000 173 10 1 1, 266 26 24 1 1, 495 350 13 1 1, 550 4 Enrollment City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school build¬ ings Ele¬ men¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 North Dakota Jamestown _ 3 Ohio 15 27 12 38 22 11 Pennsylvania Burnham 18 Clearfield 18 Collinsdale 13 Darby _ _ 19 Doylestown 13 East Stroudsburg. 20 Etna 13 Lansdale . . 37 Midland. . ... 34 Morrisville . . 18 Northampton 38 Palmerton 36 24 Pitcairn .. __ 16 Sewickley __ 11 Somerset . . 17 Springdale. . . 15 Towanda ... 15 Tyrone 18 Wesley ville 17 Yeadon . . . 14 Rhode Island East Greenwich _ 15 South Dakota Milbank _ 10 Vermillion. . . 12 W ASHINGTON Auburn _ 38 Puyallup _ _ Snohomish. . 30 Wisconsin Beaver Dam . ... 17 Chippewa Falls „ 12 Marshfield __ . 10 Menasha . . _ 14 Menomonie 12 Merrill . 17 Neenah _ 15 Total number enrolled in school (26) 4 Various types of handicap. 39 See behavior problems (table 20). 36 3 mentally deficient home-bound children reported as being instructed by home teacher of the crippled. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 111 Table 20. — Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for TRUANTS OR BE¬ HAVIOR PROBLEMS in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 Enrollment Num¬ ber of class¬ room teach¬ Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school buildings Total j number Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Salaries of class¬ room Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ Ele¬ mentary grades Second¬ ary grades Ele¬ mentary grades Second¬ ary grades enrolled in school ers teach¬ ers tion of pupils 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Alarama 248 248 2 $2, 395 California 280 36 1, 082 1, 294 2,692 109 270, 730 5, 250 5,230 $47, 788 $11, 178 70 96 166 75 2 San Francisco— — District of Columrla 129 113 242 2 78 97 161 13 666 95 65 257 29, 700 Georgia Atlanta - 25 25 20 2 5,992 Illinois Chicago 1,043 1,043 1,016 100 276, 553 15, 959 22, 783 Kentucky Louisville 29 29 21 2 3, 755 Louisiana N ew Orleans 35 35 5 10, 240 Maryland Baltimore 55 55 33 4 4, 844 Massachusetts Boston _ 151 151 133 10 20, 634 Michigan Detroit . . 227 307 534 30 73, 596 5,445 6,941 Grand Rapids _ . 1268 i 268 *16 1 25, 752 Minnesota St. Paul 15 15 12 1 1, 892 75 Missouri Kansas City _ 260 38 298 10 16, 021 58 St. Louis _ 238 238 13 33, 683 New Jersey Camden . „ 63 63 55 4 7, 100 18, 242 18, 824 13, 445 4, 876 Elizabeth _ 153 153 134 9 Jersey City 295 295 10 Newark. _ 79 79 5 Paterson . 31 31 27 2 1 1938 data. 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 Table 20. — Personnel , finance, and instructional organization for TRUANTS OR BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 — Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of class¬ room teach¬ ers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUDING SUPERVISION) Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school buildings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teach¬ ers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ mentary grades Second- * ary grades Ele¬ mentary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 New Yore 271 271 221 13 $48, 969 $5, 501 Ohio 448 448 9 14, 628 $1, 829 417 417 15 31, 054 3, 129 865 Oregon 13 39 52 50 4 6, 854 (*) Pennsylvania Philadelphia _ 790 790 520 34 82, 620 5,739 8, 429 Tennessee Nashville - _ 73 63 136 4 5, 300 15 Texas Dallas--. . 45 22 67 48 2 2, 010 600 Virginia Richmond . 107 107 4 7, 253 188 Washington Seattle. - . . 367 129 496 249 10 H 21, 963 Spokane 30 30 30 1 1, 890 Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940 California Alhambra _ 84 84 24 2 $4, 400 $1, 319 $62 Glendale _ 30 30 2 4, 795 Stockton _ 9 9 1 1, 980 150 Illinois Joliet. . 15 15 7 1 1,767 183 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ 7 7 (3) 0) Massachusetts Everett- _ 15 15 12 1 1,700 Missouri St. Joseph.. . 25 25 1 1,406 2 See mentally deficient (table 19). i Various types of handicapped, see delicate (table 17). EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 113 Table 20. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for TRUANTS OR BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS in special schools and classes in city school systems , 1939-40 — Continued. Group 11.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1940— Continued City Enrollment Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Num¬ ber of class¬ room teach¬ ers Expenditures for in¬ struction (excluding supervision) Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school buildings Total number enrolled in school Salaries of class¬ room teach¬ ers Special equip¬ ment, textbooks, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils Ele¬ mentary grades Second¬ ary grades Ele¬ mentary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 New Hampshire Nashua _ 16 16 13 1 $1, 525 New Jersey Atlantic City _ 63 53 34 2 4,560 $130 Bayonne _ 107 107 6 14, 480 West New York.. 12 12 1 1,500 Ohio Lorain . _ _ _ 39 39 23 2 4,200 South Carolina Charleston _ 212 212 8 7, 615 Virginia Roanoke _ 39 39 2 3, 730 Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 1 1938 data. * See mentally deficient (table 19). 4 Teaches speech defective also. 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 21. — Personnel , finance , and instructional organization for MENTALLY GIFTED children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1939-40 Group I. — CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE IN 1940 City Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance of pupils in school Number of class¬ room teachers Expenditures for in¬ struction (EXCLUD¬ ING supervision) Number housed with normal children Total number enrolled In school Salaries of class¬ room teachers Special equipment, textbooks, supplies, and ot her expenses Elemen¬ tary grades Second¬ ary grades 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 Alabama Birmingham _ 109 109 96 3 $4, 017 California Los Angeles 614 614 670 21 46, 940 Massachusetts Worcester i 212 002 22 46, 030 New York Rochester 66 66 2 4 7,110 Ohio Cleveland ... 692 670 1,262 1,168 22 68, 482 3 $1,071 Group 11. ■CITIES OK 30,000 POPULATION TO 99,999 IN 1910 Michigan Battle Creek 62 62 2 $2, 700 Jackson . . . . 164 164 147 5 8, 680 New York Niagara Falls 39 39 37 2 4, 566 Ohio Newark 26 25 2 1,212 Pennsylvania Allentown 166 166 159 5 9, 950 Group 111. CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1940 Indiana Columbus 24 29 53 2 $3, 135 New Hampshire Concord . 50 50 2 2, 612 Wisconsin Wausau 44 44 1 1,560 1 Plus 390 children reported as being enrolled in special school buildings. These children are included in the total given in column 4. 2 One full-time and 3 part-time teachers. 3 Includes transportation. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 115 Table 22. — Enrollment in public and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1939-40 , by State and type of children State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Blind Deaf Mentally deficient Delinquents Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States . 5, 870 14, 673 * 21, 806 29, 109 71, 458 Alabama . 230 306 77 761 1,374 53 95 104 252 97 265 283 645 California. . 122 327 659 1,263 2,371 Colorado . . . — 54 204 38 283 579 Connecticut. . 63 313 251 4.56 1,083 191 240 431 Florida . . . . 106 237 92 616 1, 051 Georgia . — 128 204 136 477 1,005 Idaho . . . - 26 91 40 182 339 Illinois . . . 236 600 896 998 2,730 Indiana . . 137 439 817 770 2,163 Iowa . . . . - 175 370 896 843 2,284 Kansas . . . . . 95 189 110 337 731 Kentucky.. . . . 184 3.54 251 976 1, 765 Louisiana . . . . 128 299 126 205 758 102 387 240 729 Maryland. _ _ _ 106 280 243 1, 434 2,063 Massachusetts . 260 391 1, 415 984 3, 050 Michigan . 196 509 1,287 767 2, 759 Minnesota _ _ _ _ 125 284 371 500 1,280 Mississippi _ _ 80 207 333 620 Missouri . . . . 96 546 339 1, 049 2, 030 Montana . 25 85 97 225 432 Nebraska . . . . 53 184 176 307 720 Nevada 38 38 New Hampshire _ 287 71 358 New Jersey . . 387 1, 758 602 2,747 New Mexico . 85 135 12 188 420 New York... . . 420 1,737 3, 493 2,095 7, 745 North Carolina . 288 458 387 9.50 2,083 North Dakota . . 36 132 288 168 624 Ohio . . 247 460 1,244 1, 428 3,379 Oklahoma . . 151 391 130 520 1, 192 Oregon . . 96 139 238 164 637 Pennsylvania . . 449 1, 181 1,534 2,063 5,227 Rhode Island 117 129 173 419 South Carolina. . 111 184 280 519 1,094 South Dakota . . . 40 103 84 80 307 Tennessee . 198 297 112 730 1,337 Texas . 394 576 401 1, 349 2,720 Utah . . . 30 137 316 1.54 637 Vermont . . . 58 112 123 293 Virginia . . 166 254 250 741 1,411 Washington . . 86 149 497 2.58 990 West Virginia . 131 309 119 814 1,373 Wisconsin. . 167 294 978 448 1,887 Wyoming _ _ 137 74 211 District of Columbia . 234 125 726 1,085 Outlying parts of the United States _ 95 283 77 275 730 Hawaii . 23 81 77 40 221 Philippine Lslands _ 18 141 235 394 Puerto Rico . . 54 61 115 1 Includes only those in the Institution who are reported as enrolled for school work. 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 23. — Number of teachers of exceptional children in public and private residential schools, 1939-40, by State and type of children State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Blind Deaf Mentally deficient Delinquents Total < 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States _ i 939 i 2, 230 1, O0OI/2 1, 498 5, 705H Alabama . .. . .- . 21 43 5 32 101 6 12 5 23 14 41 2 57 California . . ... . . 17 41 37 53H 148)4 Colorado.. - - 2 18 2 33 2 38 89 Connecticut _ _ 11 54 7 54 126 5 5)4 10)4 Florida _ _ _ - 15 41 2 19 77 Georgia _ _ 16 33 2 8 59 Idaho . . . . 8 9 H 8 14 2 29 49^ Illinois. . . . 28)4 84 50 25 187 )4 Indiana _ _ _ _ 16 54 21 32 123 Iowa _ 30 48 27 44 149 Kansas. . . 18 31 2 19 70 Kentucky _ _ _ _ 20 39 17 25 101 Louisiana... . — . 23 60 9 17 109 18 15 5 38 Maryland - - - 24 40 14 98 176 Massachusetts - - 62^ 76 X 88 81 308 Michigan _ _ _ 27 52 75 66 220 Minnesota - - - 19 41 31 41 132 Mississippi _ _ _ 15 30 45 Missouri.. . . . 17 95 H 14 36 162 )4 Montana... - - 5 13 6 13 37 Nebraska.. . . 7 28 7 29 71 Nevada _ 2 2 New Hampshire _ 7 6 13 New Jersey _ _ 59 63 49 171 New Mexico _ _ 12 22 1 4 39 New York . . . . 98 277)4 175H 161 712 North Carolina _ 42 61 6^ 33 142 $4 North Dakota _ _ 7 24 9 13 53 Ohio _ _ _ _ 32 77 32 69 210 Oklahoma. _ _ <28 <54 3 31 111 Oregon - - - - 11 19 8 9 47 Pennsylvania. _ _ 80 185 135 106H 506^ Rhode Island _ _ _ . .. 28 12 5 45 South Carolina. _ 16 30 12 8 66 South Dakota _ 6 X 19 6 6 $* 38 Tennessee . . . . 27 44 4 13 88 Texas . . . . 49 82 26 45 202 Utah . . . . . 5 20 11 21 57 Vermont _ _ _ 9 9 13 31 Virginia.. _ _ _ _ 26 $* 46 14$* 12 99 Washington _ _ 15 X 21 16 15 07)4 West Virginia . . . . 20 55H 3 20 98^ Wisconsin.. . . . . 24 47 29 35 135 Wyoming _ _ 8 9 17 District of Columbia . . 28 22 35 85 Outlying parts of the United States _ 16 37 3 15 67 Hawaii. _ . 5 7 5 10 3 1 17 Philippine Islands _ 5 17 22 Puerto Rico 4 10 14 28 1 Twelve of these teach both the deaf and the blind; appear only once in totals. 2 Two of these teach both the deaf and the blind. 2 Five of these teach both the deaf and the blind. 4 Five of these teach both the deaf and the blind, and various types of handicap. 1 Four of these teach both the deaf and the blind. Table 24. — Receipts of public and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1939—40, by State and type of children EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 117 1 Includes schools in which both blind and deaf are enrolled and for which receipts are 3 Includes $48,000 for mentally deficient undistributed as to public or private funds, not distributed. * Includes $3,500 for mentally deficient undistributed as to public or private funds. 1 Includes $261,854 undistributed as to public or private funds. 6 Includes $145,266 for the deaf undistributed as to public or private funds. Table 24. — Receipts of public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1939—40, by State and type of children — Continued 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 £ o islisi 110^05 CO iC CO OO r-( b- 05 ooto 1‘ONOOJNOO “ 00 CD CO C“ 00 CO C* o 00 N CO 1.0 CO 00 05 ‘OWCOW C4 (M 05 N OJ CO CD 't- 00 »0 HCONNN CO oo COTf CO^HNOOIO ^ONCOhN 'HH CO 00 5 CO N • to 00 < 00 t> CD 00 O (N r^Tto 22&g§ COrf lOiO tO C4 O .y ace 5 *,2 PQ ro ^ CD CO ^ ^ 00 CO of O IO 03 N o 2§2! 00hCh»O 000*0^00 00 05 05 04 CD o to - - h- * * * fet;ts.2^ v o o v o 043^1 fcfcfc&fclZlfcOOO £p JroroH • Includes $53,738 for mentally deficient undistributed as to public or private funds. 7 Includes $11,350 for mentally deficient undistributed as to public or private funds. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 119 Table 25. — Expenditures for instruction (teachers’’ salaries, books, etc.), in public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1939-40, by State and type of children State, District of Columbia, or outlying part Blind Deaf Blind and deaf 1 Mentally deficient Delin¬ quents Total • 2 3 4 5 G 7 Continental United States $888, 988 $2, 325, 838 $233. 771 $875, 785 $!. 454, 723 $5, 779, 105 88, 292 23,986 112, 278 7, 260 7, 260 14. 138 39. 805 1,350 55,293 46, 941 93, 875 29, 822 55, 879 226, 517 87. 556 1,255 54,895 143, 706 11,091 19. 844 83,554 114, 489 5,565 5, 565 16, 578 48. 822 1.744 20,470 87, 614 1,480 8,060 9,540 11, 754 27, 105 2.216 41, 075 68, 900 8. 239 10.270 18,700 106, 109 16. 894 74,988 17,500 45, 924 155, 306 42,455 70, 507 19. 872 36.922 169, 756 956 17, 255 18, 211 18, 242 11,048 31, 502 60. 792 24, 889 5, 611 5,760 18,012 54, 272 15, 185 3. 900 19, 085 107, 094 45, 723 13, 265 61,653 227, 735 81.788 114.666 107, 594 83,685 387, 733 44. 320 134,838 121, 714 66, 881 367, 753 Minnesota . . . - 23,761 53,111 21, 499 44,455 142,826 Mississippi 18, 262 18, 262 Missouri 81. 707 7,075 11,564 100, 346 Montana _ 13, 810 31, 040 4,926 11,763 61, 539 Nebraska 47, 789 3, 823 23,782 75, 394 Nevada 2,400 2,400 fCpw Hampshire 7,223 4,688 11, 911 New Jersev 147, 282 78, 945 226, 227 New Mexico 14, 766 740 1,980 17, 486 New York 127,508 395, 034 184, 515 224,543 931,600 North Carolina _ _ 38,059 8,748 7,725 7,243 28,358 90, 133 North Dakota - . 5,226 27,733 8,0.53 13,860 64. 872 Ohio 60,763 14,413 83, 457 158,633 Oklahoma _ 22,780 73, 018 4,475 2, 539 22,728 125,540 Oregon _ __ _ 12, 221 26. 618 5, 878 6,270 50,987 Pennsylvania . _ . 40, 510 281, 692 69,855 103, 387 495,444 Rhode Island _ 36, 771 13, 875 4,800 55,446 Smith Carolina 11,833 6,450 18, 283 South Dakota 10,220 23,720 4,638 7, 432 46, 010 Tennessee _ __ _ 24,280 56, 526 496 1, 620 82,922 Texas 89, 116 28, 049 117, 165 Utah 12, 783 30,300 43, 083 Vermont _ . - 12,095 9,650 21, 745 Virginia _ _ 21,339 42,996 5,888 11,556 81, 779 Washington 19,088 24, 159 8, 750 20, 168 72, 165 West Virginia 23, 467 58, 028 2,252 12,080 95, 827 Wisconsin _ 33.200 44,999 5. 655 45,580 129. 434 Wyoming _ _ _ 6.685 7. 020 13, 705 District of Columbia _ 16, 872 50,980 67, 852 Outlying parts of the United States $26, 234 $48, 810 $12, 262 $87, 306 Hawaii _ _ _ 13, 070 48,810 i . 12,262 74, 142 Philippine Islands _ 3,000 3.000 Puerto Rico . . . 10,164 10. 164 Includes schools in which both blind and deaf are enrolled and for which expenditures are not distributed. 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 | £ a, ^3 e £ lejoj, sajnqipuadxa jaqqo quaui -djnba qaauBuuaj saijddns [BnonBonpj SaiJBIBg JtBjqnO IBqidBQ S9SU9dX9 jnenno J8q)0 S9UBJBS pnoj, span; equAu j spanj oiiqnj ® r > o -PS ~ < 55 5 « o 0 00 spdnd jo jaqmniq N 230 63 97 122 64 A £§ a> 3J 3:3 *£ os P_* W’O CS’^ gpq £■§ « § ◄ .a ; >- o £ 3 _ 3 o’O cq a •C« S ® O .2 ® P’3 I-a £3 o « W O Q-2 »■§ 03 *2« EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN- -SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 121 no a 2 Z O O oW §.9 §« O s 8 ora o _ ■S« •r< © Sfl >» a « , it cn$ ■B.g 85 o 5.9 *a'0 u, O 2 ° o - 0X3 .a 5 o3 ®n |3 a o © c aq o 60 o n ra cs a ® .2 te'S 55 SI rt -3 •S3 A ra o «.S o o.tJ •So oW w §1 3s S3 M o 2 P ; o o TJ.S 0X3 sW XI 03 ■p-s 53 a «kPh ■e o s •C ■ .§ 9 g<^ p^ go P1 03 no " .a &g«0E* 03 i3 co o ^ w i i; .2 o£ ax2 S ®2S| .§ S «- c« n *-+» c«5x3 a ^!§ 2 S * o'O'S'3 ^ o'0 S?.9 2 a o u, >■ ► Him sejgsg “03^ Jj.a S fe 85 0.5 .n X2X3 Or* O 0 95 o w o 3 3^3 S s > ££5£5S Table 26. — Public and private residential schools Jor the BLIND , 1939—40 — Continued A.— INSTITUTIONAL DATA— Continued 122 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 123 13,810 _ 14, 766 42, 689 84, 819 45, 784 5,226 o o 00 GO 40 CO • CO i-h l LO CO H* 2 150 13, 757 00 CO • r» co i > 'Hm £ 2 v5' .S-fc — . c a> . > S’" I 05 kd 05 U 105 5 a * < 3 18? 1 *> o ° ■jj w §£ s !i I 3-° 3" HPh -s ® m C2 (3 “if * Includes data for both the blind and the deaf. 13 Does not include maintenance, ii Estimated. 14 Includes school for Negro deaf. *2 Does not include $32,818 balance on hand. 124 q q cq ■o ® 3 _g o O I Q ►3 < £ O h S> H W3 £ VO CM 3 H BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Expenditures For instructional program Pnoj, ** $60, 763 22, 780 i* 4, 475 12, 221 9,057 31, 453 sajnjipuadxa Jaqjo o w $1. 764 700 8 CO jn9m -dmba juouBunaj OS $1, 899 996 — 1,225 1 saqddns [BDOIJBOnpa GO $1, 746 1,158 »» 500 1,293 1,692 IO 00 SSUBJBg $55. 354 20, 626 3, 975 9, 003 7, 365 30, 208 For entire institution l«*OJ, «o $129, 743 68, 067 is 72, 649 62, 268 16, 573 25, 000 8 od ABjjno iBjidBQ $5, 550 2,000 2, 148 192 S9SU9dX9 jU9Jjno J9qjo $38, 843 24, 235 15 41,893 30, 000 7, 227 S9IJBJBg e* $85, 350 41,832 15 30, 756 30, 120 9, 154 Receipts IBIOJ, s $140, 280 78, 773 is 87, 096 53, 952 17, 514 CO s spunj ajBAijj s $11, 474 spunj oiiqnj o $140, 280 78. 773 is 87, 096 53, 952 6,040 95, 716 Adminis¬ trative control ojBAUd | os | : ; : X X X X pjBOq JO JU9UI -predap ajBjg jaqjo QO i i X X ! | uoijconpa jo pjBOq jo juauijJBdap ojBjg r* x X i : x i Personnel Total num¬ ber on insti¬ tutional pay roll gmxj-jJBd «© 15 2 9 4 emij-nn^ kft 84 56 15 53 30 9 14 K JJBJS [BUOIS -sajoJd jaqio jo iaqmnjsi - to CO ^ ^ cs JJB}S pmoipnaisui jo jaqumjsi eo co co to rH 00 o co cq sqdnd jo jaquinjsl N 247 146 5 96 25 38 io 235 151 Institution - Ohio Ohio State School for the Blind, Columbus _ _ Oklahoma Oklahoma School for the Blind, Muskogee _ Deaf, Blind, and Orphans Institute (Negro), Taft _ Oregon State School for Blind, Salem. . Pennsylvania Royer-Greaves School for Blind, King of Prussia _ St. Mary’s Institute for the Blind. Lansdale _ The Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Overbrook _ Western Pennsylvania School for the Blind, Pittsburgh _ EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 125 Table 26. — Public and private residential schools for the BLIND , 1939—40 — Continued A.— INSTITUTIONAL DATA— Continued 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-4 0 Expenditures For instructional program [BJOJ, $33. 200 6,535 3, 000 5, 082 sajnjipuadxa jaqto o l CO ' i ju9tn -dinbo juauenuaj 91 $1,800 692 O 10 seqddns ienoi'}Bonpg ac $1,100 154 CM co SaiJBJBg r* $30, 300 5, 683 3, 000 4, 470 For entire institution lejox 2 CM CO 3 8 o cm~ 5- 24, 81S Aepno injidBo $4, 325 1, 914 lO S9STT9dX9 jnauno jaqjo $29, 313 2,771 3, 627 sauRjeg ^ CO CO N & 20, 741 Receipts IBIOJ, w $130, 112 12, 306 05 00 CM spun; 9JBAIIJ - spun; oijqnj 2 $130, 112 12, 306 25, 895 Adminis¬ trative control 9JRAIJJ 1 o I : ; ! pmoq jo juera -jjRdap ajejg aaqjo 1 - 1 ! ! X uoijBonr>9 jo pjBoq jo "jnamjjRdap ajBjg 7 X X X Personnel Total num¬ ber on insti¬ tutional pay roll emp-jjRj o r-« CM amij-nn^ U5 00 2 8 jjbjs jeuois -sajojd jaqjo jo ’jaqmn^ CO CO IBuoipnjjsui jo jaqmnjsj eo ^ ^ CM ^ spdnd jo jaqainN e* I 167 23 18 54 Institution - Wisconsin Wisconsin School for the Blind, Janesville. _ Hawaii Territorial School for Deaf and Blind, Honolulu _ . Philippine Islands School for the Deaf and Blind, Puerto Rico Instituto Puerto de Ninos Ciegos, Santurce . . * Includes data for both the blind and the deaf. 18 Four of these teach deaf also. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 127 Table 26. — Public and private residential schools for the BLIND , 1939-40 — Continued B.— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Instructional Staff Number of these— Who are par¬ tially see¬ ing w C* IO eo « Who are blind N i Hold¬ ing colle¬ giate de¬ gree O w co Hold¬ ing State teach¬ ers’ cer¬ tifi¬ cate Oft Total GO S jo CO 05 GO JO Oth¬ ers r- c i "T* * rH CO Voca¬ tional or in¬ dus¬ trial teach¬ ers <0 •2 3 » 4 6 to 4 Music teach¬ ers rH CO £ Aca¬ demic or gen¬ eral class¬ room teach¬ ers oo 10 7 Su¬ per¬ vising teach¬ ers * i 1 i Su¬ per¬ vising prin¬ ci¬ pal (s) - ’-l Pupils Vision in better eye after correction Bet¬ ter than 20/70 - i 1 i i 1 i Be¬ tween 20/200 and 20/70 ® CO 10 32 Light per¬ cep¬ tion to 20/200 Oft O 96 101 To¬ tally blind GO 14 33 16 108 36 Grade enrollment CO « High school o 20 24 9 70 22 Ele¬ men¬ tary 40 62 14 151 115 Kin- der- gar- ten 3 20 3 15 Race Ne¬ gro « ^ OO CO CO 14 7 White CO CS O CO •c e ◄ X * ff O s ►H X 1. 'c c i a 0 i Kansas Kansas State School for the Blind, TTartflQQ Hitv Kentucky Kentucky School for the Blind, Louis¬ ville Louisiana State School for the Blind, Baton ■R.niipe Louisiana State School for Negro Deaf and Blind, Scotlandville . - Maryland The Maryland School for the Blind, Ovfirlnn Massachusetts Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, Watertown _ Michigan Michigan School for the Blind, Lansing. Minnesota Minnesota School for the Blind, Fari¬ bault . Mississippi Mississippi School for the Blind, Jack- son _ _ 129 These data for 1936. 10 Plus 1 part-time teacher. Plus 3 part-time teachers. 11 These data taken from “ Directory of activities for the blind in the United States and One part-time dramatic teacher. Canada” published by the American Foundation for the Blind, Inc. 1941. Includes all other than totally blind. 12 “Estimated.” Serve deaf also. 13 3 part-time “literary” teachers. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 131 03 i 03 • 00 CO " 00 rr 03 « s 03 o »0 03 2 o 03 Tf § 03 00 O o o N 3 iO - 00 05 8 nO> i o CO - 03 - - - 05 r 03 03 03 AO 03 03 00 03 ?o »o = 03 - CO - 03 - CO o o CO CO *o 1 05 CO ,H ~ i Tf ** s T-1 1-1 CC 15 03 s 1 ^ 1 £ 2 05 s T § CO i 2 ao ! £ s 1 ec > l>- 00 - oo cc ' 2 AO s a » Tt \ ^ ' 3 00 £ ! 2 1 : § § w 5 s 05 2 05 69 30 3 ! ^ »o o § s i ! ! • i i • i i • i i • i £ \ s § ’ 1 C£ > : § £ 38 u 235 144 78 40 :•! o5 ll I ,c5 \>S § 1! 2 « ; 3 3' 3 l a !l i f :i :LI .5 ;sls O ■Se- § Ed a « s O P5 B; . I is ii I 1 «» I .2 3 x: o 111 *fIS _ .. 11.2 1 1 i-ss!*a ° {fill 1 i?yp £ PQ I § s |1 1 •SO o 5 o I S§ g= nEo in SES 13! ^3'S 1 « = = Table 26. — Public and private residential schools for the BLIND , 1939-40 — Continued B— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Ja £ £33 ® w w £ ca g,.«S 8-3 « gsi 2 tuo ^ -2 > © oa5iS»» •o . ■ © H tn ® ® «•« © o a.i o O >*3 1 5 c3 © S3 3 «_ o’eS »3 §’§ £ © ° M ©4 £ © *“ i g-g © m a °">S tL a a CQ q.. ►> © a »- o © m m -4-^ <■ © ©S.al W 0J< m© 57.2+3^ °s g £i «;2 o b£ o K-o © o >> © £ £ to 3s •0M fl-oa S: cs §> H Jf£ In? =« .® 03 o © ©O HP 00 00 -s a" > H c © o > II 2 § 3> £ 15.41 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 133 \ Table 27. — Public and private residential schools for the DEAF, 1939-40 A. -INSTITUTIONAL DATA 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Expenditures F or instructional program [BJOJ, e* 3 $88, 292 39, 805 93, 875 CO lO 0? sajnj -ipuodxa aaqjo e w • ' • CM jjjfe © cm luamdmba }U9neuiJ9 j c* oo i o io g : 8 3 i iO CO seqddns [BuoijRonpg 1 i io o 00 , lO C4 00 ' o ^ cm i cm* co 00 r- ci SOIJRIRg 3 $84, 810 36, 750 89, 460 00 00 (N 00 For entire institution 2 t>- »C © i-h a a a s? © co i>r 2 S 05 cs «/* w lO *0 o’ 1- ^Bijno iBjiduo i2 o o 05 i oil co ic • • ~ CO <5 iO sasuodxe juaajno J&qiO O *0 «0 05 o> ^ cm ~ 05 ^ CO cT © aT ^ eo ^ »o CO 05 1C SOUR JRg 3 $126, 307 3 60, 740 50, 785 166, 072 05 05 CO CM Receipts pnox -rr* CM O -« or. ^-4 co © CM tj< CO N N O a 2 05 a €0- „ 05 CO co” spunj aiRAijj = 3 $4, 324 3 2. 400 5 spunj oiiqnj 2 O CM O ^ < cm cm -*r 05 »o lO s 2 05 a t? N © g Adminis¬ trative Control apuiij | «s | P- -URd uoii jo jt reoq jo juoui op ojBjg joqjo 1 mm;: M Bonpo jo pjRoq iouijjRdop ojRjg 1 - 1 i ! H H Personnel Total number on institu¬ tional pay¬ roll omij-jJRj 1 CM , _ „ i - CO * ; 2 - g i ! 1 1 8 i I : 1 § i 3 : CC ! i I i s ; : : s : i : : : : : ! : s s : r tj. ; 1 i I g i § i g ! 1 1 i i - ; i ! 330 000 171 114 III S 1 § • i ? 1 1 i T* 1C _T r-T •S * : tH* -r ! : 1 111 111 1 1 a i <£ : i g i “ a' - f gf § S 3 g g : : •C r R i £ iii l i l 1 a i i 1 S 8 S « oT V £ S S? I s 2 i S 2 | S 1 i 3 § 1 l i i 1 i g 1 V ! CO « O N o* | * i . s O, CO a a a 2 S3 s r 3 2 S S 2 3 179 11 47 S 3 § 07* 68 S ? § 79 364 113 a S ll 3 5 | Sill! §>o WP PPP PP INSTITUTIONAL DATA— Continued 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 ft, -o e c •H £ r- ci v Expenditures For instiuctional program - $31, 040 47, 789 147, 282 97,601 312 sejn] -ipuadxa jaq^o 1 O w $14, 000 578 1,431 50 ]uauidmb0 ]U0UB UI J0- *-h O CO CO ^ CO ^ CM 00 - 05 ! 00 14 316 648 30, 117 818 9, 622 415 >4 5, 133 617 503 3, 978 404 S 8 ; rH CO l CM 1-4 ! 14 2, 276 1,595 1,025 15 500 1, 899 13 16, 395 83, 428 93, 888 60, 705 20, 878 8, 748 25, 490 O »0 CM 00 2 ^ CO 00 ^ o t'- 05 CO *o N C 00 t>- 05 i-i CM 146, 131 84, 376 248, 372 148, 361 44 167, 168 76, 877 co n © N S ^ CO CM co o 960 ‘IT . . ‘ 8, 169 482 7, 187 u 18, 972 5,666 2, 462 39, 136 64, 686 129, 712 37, 719 40, 225 100, 302 57, 857 44 74, 031 29, 098 31, 750 43 41,893 19, 614 38, 642 132, 108 107, 758 i 100, 243 43, 669 148, 070 83, 317 44 74, 165 42, 114 ! s 1 H O tH L— CO to 88, 379 266, 519 229, 892 189, 455 91, 820 271, 550 148, 361 44 167, 168 94, 854 O CO f— i CM C5 05 CM o CM co f-T CM 00 00 14, 863 68, 014 1,408 40, 574 1,280 66, 990 20, 000 475 73, 516 198, 505 228, 484 148, 881 90, 540 204, 560 148, 361 n 167, 168 • 74, 854 O CO CO CM 05 Cl o oc co r- O' CM 00 00 X X XX X X X : 1 1 X x ; : : j i i X X X X X X X X X X X : ; X x i CO Tf* t'- 1-1 H j 3 5 15 2 3 50 96 138 _ 66 46 113 111 121 14 00 CO rH 00 to Tt4 oo io i-H ^ CO CO rr CM *-H F-i CO ^ CO O W N 00 00 ^ ir.fi CO CO 00 CO ^ CO fh CM iO 05 ^ »-H CM ^ CO - O ' . J- ‘Z’Z^ • — ' ~ .O go : o 'p o : o 2 >05-“ • CO J O^H 1 “ c r*x .4 . X ;*€ j; «co i'CJ-t o>0 ® Si \£s ^ c is*' W c jaa * ^ C O S 'o 2HH^H*S O at joqBqdjB [BnuBm jo asn OAisnpxa CO qo99ds jo 9sn OAisnpxg 1 O Ot O Auricular training ip jb pasn joj^; a a OO lO osn 9raij-}JBi e* i 47 58 oiRAl Oi 90 <223 234 190 206 91 Institution - Connecticut Mystic Oral School for the Deaf, Mystic _ American School for the Deaf, West Hartford. . . . District of Columbia Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Washington. . . Florida Florida State School for the Deaf and the Blind, St. Augustine.. Georgia Georgia School for the Deaf, Cave Spring.. _ Idaho Idaho School for the Deaf and the Blind, Gooding.. _ EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN - SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 145 r i 1 - o U- 00 ; to CO ; ; Loss of hearing in better ear JU90 -J9d oj> ueqj ssoq - 51 53 21 56 jnaojad 65 oj ok o 10 40 34 38 jn90J9d u oj 09 os 8 21 35 33 juaoaad 001 oj s L °° 6 18 72 146 Grade enrollment [8|09dg r- : g 2 CO [ooqos qSijj CO 82 52 AJ8JU9UI0[5J »o CM OS CM OS CM CM t''- CO CD U- O i-H r-. CM CM § uajJBSjiapni^ 13 5 10 7 1 Race OJ39N M • CO i-4 *0 00 »o »uqA\ *> 85 144 159 88 415 273 < 11 149 c c c Massachusetts Beverly School for the Deaf, Beverly _ The Clarke School for the Deaf, Northampton _ The Boston School for the Deaf, Randolph _ _ Michigan Evangelical Lutheran Institute for the Deaf, Detroit _ Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint... . . Minnesota Minnesota School for the Deaf, Faribault _ . . _ W. Roby Allen School for the Deaf. Faribault _ _ Mississippi Mississippi School for the Deaf, Jackson _ EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES I ; M H Cl ! 2 co «o CM co r» ' os ^ * O <00000 - g « £ ~ ^ S 2 . 2 00 S CD J 2 8 % CM ” 1 CM ^ o 2 S « 2 s S S § B S ? §2 g 2 g ! CO <-> CM CM 1-H f-H iO : ^ : i x ; : £ CJ-h ^ CD O 00 ^H'TTC^OiO^CO 2 3 3 8 £ 2 I - S £ £2 8 2 2 i-l CO C* -4 1-1 X ; CO -h .-h CM rH CS 1 1 1 »-H v— 1 «— 1 d vH CM i CO . 3 : 2 : : : fc ; 00 ; — : s o O »— « » i CO »-! CS • »-! • * • 1 III . Tf 79 209 113 8.r) 387 125 203 7 101 301 300 25 106 136 143 3 § : S § 3 8 . 8 | 8 ! S § £ 8 £ 8 8 £ 2 2 ^ 2 £ :Us § © CM CO S ° • § 3 • rr . 1 s i 2 " 8 CM | O 2 VM : 2 a 8 CD | t- to ; § ; 8 2 cm : S 8 $ © 2 § 2 CS g « 2 Ss 2 ; . 3 8 £5 $ § 3 8 *° S 3 S r-H CO | o to o 00 o £ : £ 3 S 2 “ " 1 2 ; 00 : 8 : 8 00 5! 2 S | S $ £ 3 3 50 R | 3 : 8 2 5 S 2 2 8 2 S5 ~ *° a s ; 2 2 : : 8 : " 2 CM O0 !>■ CO 05 Sgs 8 s g § n ii l« n s Missouri St. Joseph’s Institute for Deaf Mutes. Clayton _ Missouri School for the Deaf, Fulton Central Institute for the Deaf, St T.nnic !| i: s: i •2 ; © : ® : js i 1! at: | i! 1 1 I 1 ii 5 Id 5 1 m2 “ : fc g?£ * -2a | go «« S2H > li 11 S| ! !« lo |£ la n ii iiiiii 1 1 !l ii ia ij S £ !J. !* !g ‘ 1 1 ii l i! i 0mm II i! 1 si ii :l i i I li m mm mm o fc 147 * Those data taken from the American Annals of the Deaf, January 1941. 9 Up to and including grade 5. 7 Plus 3 part-time vocational teachers. 10 All above grade 5. * Plus 2 part-time teachers. Table 27. — Public and private residential schools for the DEAF , 1939-40 — Continued B— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 *1 H CO ◄ § 1 M H tn 2 Number of these— auuBoq -jo-pjBq ojb oqAV r* N 1 CO © i jeop iCfpunoj •oad ojb oq^vv ft r* © • eojSap -01|00 B 2UJPI0H eq 12 9 7 QJBO] -jiljoo w | - sjoqoBOi ibuoijbooa w 11 4 11 3 05 r-< sjoqoBe-j moojssBp IBJ0U02 jo OJUIOpBOV o N 34 7 13 12 © - • t'- 00 i osn oran-qn^ e* 1 1 Loss of hearing in better ear JUOO -jod o* uBqi ssoq . a 102 84 to I juoouod 6 ^ S' X -r *5 r- - S 8 $ S 8 s 2 ~ b jJ) Cl - « I I C- Cl i O II 1 1 1 o *o Cl jr ® ej oo cn d H CO • • « 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 45 44 105 ! ! cS 68 10 47 n 128 34 7 537 191 280 117 116 48 206 350 348 30 80 75 148 CO co 22 142 200 © 20 149 100 00 167 19 24 8 GO 3 o ci ci r- Cl 00 8 »o > r- S3 24 46 3 27 3 44 8 63 05 '* 3 79 31 476 181 187 s • Cl 05 8 1 ° ! i d i h* 05 © -r CO Cl *-« 38 46 IS 30 13 53 132 30 *5 § fj 70 138 81 166 68 334 ^ *- 5! St : 9 4 101 22 84 -2 4 16 5 27 32 105 C5 »o oc ^ ci c- co *o CO CO^OOg^O r-J JO © © 471 Oregon Oregon State School for the Deaf, SAlAm _ Pennsylvania Archbishop Ryan Memorial In¬ stitute for Deaf-Mutes, Pbila- delnhia School for Little Deaf Children, Philadelphia _ _ The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, (Mt. Airy) Philadelphia. De Paul Institute for the Deaf, Pittsburgh _ _ _ Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, (Edgewood) Pitts¬ burgh _ Pennsylvania State Oral School for the IToaf Reran ton Rhode Island Rhode Island School for the Deaf, Providence . South Carouna South Carolina School for the Deaf and the Blind, Cedar Snrinp South Dakota South Dakota School for the Deaf, Sioux Falls . . Tennessee Tennessee School for the Deaf, Knoxville . . Texas Deaf, Dumb and Blind Institute for Colored Youth. Austin Texas School for the Deaf, Aus¬ tin _ These data taken from the .Amerjcan Annals of the Deaf, January 1941. 11 Teach various types of handicap within the institution. Table 27. — Public and private residential schools for the DEAF , 1939-40 — Continued B— EDUCATIONAL D AT A-Continued 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Number of these — 3uuB9q -jo-pjBq ojb oq^w w 1 jBop Xjpunoj -ojd ojb oq^w CD N 50 CO 1 C1 1 99i3op 9JBI§ -91100 B 2UIPIOH Mi w CO 9 9 5 15 9JB0I -J1JJ90 (SJ9qaB91 91Blg B SuippH ss ! 1 I'— 1 1 CO 1 1 PBOJ, eo w 8 00 s 3 2 3 saemo 15 * 1 1 1 CO i II 1 1 1 sjaqoBOj jbuoijbooa w < O’ -i e<3 oo co co sjaqoBaj moojssep IBjouoS jo oiuiopeoy o w cs CO eo . o saoqoBaj SuisiAJOdng ot 1 1 rH CO i 1 1-1 • 1 IBdpuud SuisiAjodng ao Method of instruction qjoq jo osn r- 44 21 15 129 pqBqdjB [BnuBm jo osn eAisnpxa CD 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 O II 1 1 1 qo99ds jo osn OAisnpxg »0 OO 40 88 19 146 Auricular training 1[B jb pssn JO^ i 60 61 27 200 8sn amp-axed eo 00 40 105 88 7 25 j esn oaiij-nnj lO i i O ^ 1 1 40 Loss of hearing in better ear JU90 -J9d Of1 UBqj ssoq s Tti 1 T di CO ju90J9d 65 oj of o 48 3 47 jU90J9d fi OJ 09 o CO 1 CO ° ! 2 1 ju90J9d 001 oj qi QO 40 1 i-H 40 CO i ayroll ti > . o a Number 2 !| 4W P a 73 9 c Male Fetnide of piinlls •: ' : enrolled 0 3 3 CO H 4) ** O H V 3 I I 7 mber o tional o ; 1 8. •o *1 4i 5 S' 'A A is S' o 3 a 3 A r ps A h £ £ 'A u. Pi rfj 6 (X 1 2 3 4 ft 0 7 8 0 10 11 12 13 14 Illinois HI. Mary’s of Providence Institute, ( 'h lea 10/1 10/1 137 28 21 X 1 > 1 XOII Stale 1 lospltal, 1 >lxoii Lincoln Htate Heliool and Colony, 2, 022 10H 1, /HO 102 3, H0H 228 21 617 3 X Lincoln. 1, DAL 13/1 1,000 1 2,1 4,214 /503 8 407 7 X Indiana Fort Way no State School, Fori Wayne _ - 874 1,001 1 , 00/1 371 44C 21 268 24 X Iowa Olenwood Htate School, Olenwood Powell School for Hack ward and 987 11 000 1 1,808 034 >0 237 X Nervous Chlldron, Hod Oak Hospital for Epileptics and School 22 31 68 27 10 2 10 2 X for Feebleminded, Woodward (IK.’t 0 771 8 1,471 137 88 0 207 X Kansas Htate Training School, Winfield (117 21 tiHH 18 1, 244 110 2 04 2 X Kentucky Htate Institution for the Feeble¬ minded, Frankfort Stewart Homo Training School, 362 68 302 68 770 10 162 8 110 3 X Frankfort HO 40 120 60 30 0 Louisiana State Colony and Training School, Alexandria 364 72 332 42 800 88 0 140 X Magnolia School, New Orleans 30 K 3H 38 4 0 2 X Maine Pownal State School, Pownal 660 3 m 3 1,080 00 .321 16 100 X Mauyi.and Rosewood Htato Training School, O wings Mills 010 m 1, 182 243 14 102 X Massachusetts Freer School, Arlington Belehertown State School, Belcher- 2 0 8 8 2 8 X town M0 12 737 17 1,300 116 141 in'. 207 3 X Standlsh Manor, Halifax . . 0 0 0 2 2 X Perkins School, Lancaster Walter F. Fernald State School, IH 20 38 38 7 28 X Waverley 1, 117 21 70.r> 11 1,044 470 84 100 2 X Wrentham Htato School, Wrcntham 004 26 1,220 22 2, 177 421 207 82 406 4 X , “ Estimated.” « Plus $1,3M W PA funds. E X C K PT I ON A L CHILDRE X 155 CHOOLS AM) CLASSES /or MENTALLY DEFICIENT children, 1939 40 Continued TIOMAL DATA— Continued Receipts K X PEN HIT 0 R ES Public funds Private funds Total For entire Institution For Instructional program J % i X 3 i o Capital outlay b s ”3 r/j 1 '/> 1 W a O' 4/ a i 1 s > 1 X 2 1 jc L 15 16 17 18 1!) 29 21 n 2* 24 28 $'8,000 $l 164,078 1, 164, 078 3$438,000 P 465,000 >1210,130 a $1,1 52, 130 $0, 870 $400 $10,270 1,015.210 « 1,015,210 416,046 407, 570 33, 250 046,866 377, 500 377, 500 377, 500 16,500 500 l.vxi 17, 500 306, 852 — 305, 852 156, 154 187,014 42, 707 386, 865 0,280 1,420 10, 718 448, 385 448, 385 140, 000 157,385 151,000 448, 385 6, 300 2, 854 0, 154 212, 160 212, 160 62, 612 124, 888 187, 500 ooo 56 056 82, 356 116, 188 2, 430 200,082 10, 140 263 $645 11,048 225, 000 225, 000 127,731 81,842 20, (XX) 220, 573 ‘ 5, 760 5, 760 365, 556 $6,383 371,030 233, 854 138, 085 . 371,030 14, 000 1,005 — 15, 185 208,018 208,018 167. 867 176, 634 . 344, 501 11,085 2, 180 13. 266 574, 767 574, 767 208, 400 562, 304 21,560 302 03 22,0.54 3, 5x -- Minnesota State Home for Feebleminded and Colony for Epileptics, Faribault 1,277 11 1,221 12 2. 521 236 85 21 353 4 X Tho Laura Raker School, Inc., Northfleld . . . 14 30 50 50 10 30 2 X Mississippi Ellis ville State School, Ellisvllle _ * 382 Missouri Trowbridge Training School for Un¬ usual Children, Kansas City 18 18 2 X Missouri State School for Feeble¬ minded, Marshall . . 814 3ft 703 30 1,580 321 12 188 1 .... X Montana Montana State Training School, Boulder . 358 193 551 97 . * 6 55 . X X Nebraska Nebraska Institution for Feeble¬ minded, Beatrice .. . . . 785 0 608 10 1,472 170 7 104 1 X New Hampshire Laconia State School, Laconia . 310 1 296 1 614 192 95 7 128 4 .... X -- New Jersey Bancroft School, Haddonfleld _ 51 39 90 54 6 10 74 X North Jersey Training School, Little Falls . . 543 62 605 309 31 15 118 1 X Effic Mead Gordon School. Madison 6 5 10 10 4 X X The Training School at Vineland, Vineland _ _ 394 132 520 170 107 19 179 X Vineland State School, Vineland 1. 500 194 1,694 261 639 13 180 X Woodbine Colony for Feeble-minded Males, Woodbine . . . 653 37 690 271 io 2 137 X ' Plus maintenance. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 157 for MENTALLY DEFICIENT children, 1939-40— Continued TIONAL DATA — Continued. Receipts Expenditures $165, 000 For entire institution $165,000 $91, 133 $71,429 $1,662 $164, 224 For instructional program $13, 770 $1,659 $71 25 $15,500 988, 356 278, 470 678, 070 493, 492 $8,506 9, 219 117, 017 988, 356 286,976 687, 610,509 441,914 99, 393 384, 126 539,608 76, 324 233, 453 237, 199 6,834 128, 470 50,800 53, 618 988, 356 304, 187 668,379 588,906 32, 355 3, 108 $881 36, 344 62,238 20,127 6,518 1, 372 896 69, 870 21,499 350, 936 118, 349 631,326 249, 754 9, 109 40,845 14,081 8,003 ,045 126,721 159, 194 645, 407 257, 757 266, 847 149.408 149,408 646 267, 493 93,061 9, 122 126,233 59,631 147, 476 197, 116 60,507 205, 47 78, 210 67, 782 118. 150 36, 208 3,120 154, 07' 45 310 8. 477 1. 867 360, 045 156,688 418, 676 249, 753 135, 890 267. 493 * 6, 600 3,819 3,241 6,700 13. 428 20, 733 318 3. 055 675 1, 067 7,075 4,926 8,823 7,223 14, 321 24,855 172.506 408, 833 235. 172 205. 937 8.763 378.443 177.697 417.596; 205,318 235,172. 128,303 184.744 207, 078 105, 669 15,349 1,050 1,200 377. 790 413, 446 235, 172 17.688 14. 130 1.616 1.680 1,789 21,093 15. 710 2,960 7 County authority. * Plus 2 WPA Instructors. * Data given as of 1939 issued by the Bureau of the Census. 19 Plus 3 WPA sense and habit training instructors. 464993°— 42 - 11 158 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-4 0 Table 28. — Public and private residential schools A.— INSTITU Institution Population Adminis¬ trative CONTROL Total number of inmates or patients School personnel Total number on institution¬ al payroll o a o £> o a ^ o a ’5 sSl **73 c3 ® a a> a> 03 CQ o c © a 03 "3 5s O ca © X! O . cl > £ Male Female '3 o E-1 Number of pupils enrolled 6 3 d as to £ 2 a- 3 z 0) a i fa o> a a Ph £ 2 £ O W) *< © 1 12 4 3 S3 *■3 <8 ° 5 ^T3 11° £-Sg Is® J^gfl | §.„ me « »■ co o.s2 .« a> o >> 2 a S5 o 3 o OQ tJC g '3 '3 £ s eg an Table 28. — Public and private residential schools for MENTALLY DEFICIENT children, 1939-40 — Continued B.— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued 164 INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF BIENNIAL SURVEY | & | OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 * to m Tf o> fH rH CO CO J9q?0 - 1 " 1 d l l • 1 d 1 1 1 1 siaqoBai epsjl jo pRJisnpui S5 CO 40 40 1 spafqns {Bpads jo siaqoBaj, d w d Tf< CO 5 co 05 d SJ9qOB9J mOOJSSBJO IBJOU90 Cl d ^ b- d 40 CO rH CD Tt< SJ9q9B9) 3uiSJAJ9dng o 1 " 1 : : ; siBdpnpd SmsiAjadng 05 Hr t d r Pupils Enrolled for School Work ojjdai -jda 9jb oqM jaqumjsi or 10 8 1 CO Type of school work jraqiO 5 CO d . CD S9SSBp apBJj jo iBiJjsnpni 2 § I A\uo spafqns pspadg »0 C5 r2 3 207 43 jfjBJ -uatnop jBjanao r- co d o 40 HNO CD CO CD «r*« d d — j£jBmud-9Jo > i ! 1 j t, 6 ; <2 "O i*3 5 § is o t) Iti O a for Unusual feebleminded, 1)1, Boulder _ 1 1 ! O 1 1 1 i ! s i 1 ! i Little Falls... idison _ Vineland- . ! w ! : !<; ; ! T3 \ . > S -s _ ,-2*0 co hPh_-o u © " ” at a u “ „ w_ 92 o o.c o s ® o A a a Jw|,S§ii T3 s=jor ss* o —Z O C3 o o 5 si So,® 3s S CO 1-3 g £ © . co >* a -s ow.c asf 'gi £“ c3 ® 6£ 0M3 S 2— 2 11 1| Hr X3 bC*5 ^ r- OQ w "3 7? »«— I -r-J K 2 2<:t3~ © a“i> § s o a .c "" 2-0 — «> a o © o «8 oE- c X o CO c®§ tc'c. g£ § fee g.s^^ 1 “This work is in the manner of play school, supplemented by any simple school work 4 Includes vocational. ley may be able to do.” s Data given as of 1939 published by the Bureau of the Census. * Ages 15 years or more. « Plus 2 WPA instructors, 1 for trade school and 1 for physical education. 3 Imbeciles and morons. i Varied individual program for each. 8 Plus 3 WPA sense and habit training teachers. Table 28. — Public and private residential schools for M ENT ALLY DEFICIENT children , 1939—40 — Continued B.— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-4 0 Instructional Staff WOJ, i— 1 MCOM lO^OCOrH^CTiO MN c> r^H IN M W rf (N 05 o JoqiO 3! s 00 CM 1 1 1 1 1-H ill i SJoqoBa* apRjj jo iBuisupuj « 1 " I • i~i 00 • C 00 00 1 CO < 1 1 spafqns ppads jo’ siaqoBaj, N N ^ CM CO 00 i-» 00 CO vJM 1-H SJ9qOB8} UIOO JSSBJO IBJ8U9D w ^ICC005000CM rr CO SJoqoBa; SuisiAjadng O s[Bdiouud SuistAjadng s > ^ rH CM CO CM i-l i-h Pupils Enrolled for School Work oiidaj -ida 8jb oqM jaqmnjsr S2 j 4 14 10 23 Type of school work jaq?0 - oc i i i i-H i CM * 1 1 1 00 1 *— i i i r i i sassBp apBjj jo iBiJjsnpui c co • ' i-i CM 1 i i ! j lo c5 ! j ; AJUO spafqns [Bpadg ko ICO^O IH i CM hcm ! ! i-i Ajbi -uamap pjauao CM 03 CM 8 24 134 136 » 438 478 389 100 AjBraud-SJj CO 00 »— < CO 0 05 1C05H lOOt^ CO CO 00 05 1 iO <© CO 1 1 Intelligence distribution jaq?0 cm CM 00 ^ ' CO 1 1 1 1 i • CM i I I i i 9AOqB jo euqjapjog ^ > 1 CO CO ^ CM 00 *— « 05 i Tf CM CO 05 H CM 00 • CM CM r-4 nojoj^ o o . -4< uj »— t 1—1 © CO rH M Oi eo in CO 1-1 $33,733 603,928 128, 154 219". 302 17, 687 j 13 8 © to cf rH «5 8 Capital outlay $559, 108 CO 06 ^ i sf Other current expenses M $16, 585 28, 619 73, 851 91,158 13, 002 110,811 99, 033 Salaries Cj $17, 148 16, 201 54,303 128. 144 3,685 00 05 £ 3 s £ Receipts Total a $33, 733 601,763 147, 406 7 223, 275 17,680 672, 698 223,988 Private ® 1 to r-H i Oi — • IO 1 o Tt< oo i o rH Tjf ! TjT CO ' • 52, 191 Public 05 $33,733 600,347 112, 555 7 223, 275 3, 671 3 & O t- cf 1-i CO »-H Administrative control Private GO 1 1 1 1 1 1 | j 1 1 1 1 County or City - M i i • i i i i i • i ■ i • i i i 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • • 1 1 Other State ap¬ pointed board <0 X X X X X X X State De¬ partment or State Board of Educa¬ tion U) M ; i X X Number of em¬ ployees Part- time C9 CO 00 ! : ^ ! 1 • 1 Full¬ time n 8 5? o 106 90 Num¬ ber of pupils Cl 179 143 155 182 315 51 3 632 *276 494 645 School - Georgia Fulton County Industrial Farm (for Negroes) Atlanta . . Georgia Training School for Girls, Atlanta. _ _ Georgia Training School for Boys, Milledgeville _ Idaho Idaho Industrial Training School, Saint Anthonv. Illinois State 'Training School for Girls, Geneva _ _ Home of the Good Shepherd, Peoria Illinois State Training School for Boys, St. Charles _ _ Indiana Indiana Girls School, Indianapolis— Indiana Boys School, Plainfield _ Iowa Iowa Training School for Boys, Eldora . _ . EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 179, 834 30,584 80, 030 517, 459 35,360 93, 472 70,700 43,334 38, 261 173,962 38,204 129, 557 126,230 5,190 255, 577 668 ‘L 081 4, 700 1,850 4,294 1,129 765 59, 591 137,694 26,824 46,773 152, 518 20, 610 49, 759 _ 38, 810 41, 351 29, 654 105,064 16,207 54, 694 31,361 42, 140 3, 760 28,067 109, 364 14, 570 35, 814 27, 190 1,983 6,757 64,584 20,868 74,098 35,278 146, 450 30,627 93,601 551, 870 35, 360 93, 472 72,000 43, 105 39, 380 165,904 1 § 1 8 gf 8 ! 3 8 27,294 6, 458 360 4, 136 23,982 22,618 56,624 1 1 1 l 1 i 1 1 • i i i i t t i i i i i • i i i i i i 146, 450 3,333 93, 601 545, 412 35, 000 89, 336 72,000 19,123 16, 762 109, 280 38, 290 129, 557 68, 050 M 1 1 1 X X X 1 1 1 t 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 l X ! j { i i l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 M xx i x xx xx j j i x x x x 1 : i : : ! ; • i i ; ; j i ! ! ! i s j Cl CO © CO 3 10 4 43 4 42 67 108 53 36 1 4 74 22 52 37 ON ■*?« Cl rH 00 O'! © £• 00 CO Cl Q Cl rH © rH 1^ CO rH Cl 0 O Cl f-Hd COO rH H rH »-l CO T* *H Cl rH a l s i : £ ia i c/T ! a ! .2 ! a> ; is : : O 1 1 :s a ; * J 3 : £ ! o >r?j i r'i i b i O 1 j a •H asTJ >* 5g «« 6 « G5 ^ CO GO ffl 464993°— 42- O ca fl o E 0^0 h> aT^o aa g ; 5 ■•§ a»w i 'Ori a fjl-g : “Sg |ll! >3 M State Alex Louisi —12 ii s»- Js« 0 M SS ! XcQ O ' "3 e 1 xj xi c3 &®« X fen w a-c IP cw - H.3 o :5 1 I 3» l-gis ■§320 « xs^ J2 O-o .is ..-SO jol ; | § 1‘SS 1 1 q b'S §S§S^a§mafe tt W m W 2 a a a S* I2 2 173 * These data taken from Children’s Bureau publication No. 264, 1940. 7 One-half of biennial appropriation. ‘ Includes loan of $9,600. 174 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 175 ig 3 I 3 § II i i § S IS 3 SS af S8 £ K SS 8 8 |5§ 5 |E5 | 1,400 2, 602 6, 664 « 9, 052 8, 732 3, 493 15, 296 11,342 2, 997 232, 246 ! ; 43, 760 25, 972 19, 721 24, 625 35, 380 « 38, 160 55, 259 11, 405 47, 934 130, 750 60, 902 26, 601 30. 801 47, 473 10, 494 104, 566 i i j j i i 61,072 28, 508 16, 879 20, 262 33, 185 • 23, 778 30, 816 8,311 41, 674 203, 629 95, 155 10, 418 14, 072 77, 553 43, 703 202,326 m 1 1 ii s's s jf af k 110, 365 17, 607 91,305 349, 675 156, 110 47, 000 44, 873 146, 634 57, 194 673, 737 14, 687 1 ! | i i si ; j i 95. 820 23, 620 87, 750 104, 832 54, 460 34, 060 48, 684 61, 000 83, 919 17, 607 91, 305 349, 675 156, 110 47, 000 44, 873 50, 814 33, 574 673, 737 j : : : : : i i i ii i i i ii X X it * x i j i : lit • iii i iii i iii • iii ■ iii XX 1 • ii • • ii • » it i i x xx xx x x xx x x i : x « • ii • i ii • i ii • I ii X X X X X • i i ■ i i i i i ■ • i rS i : i : • i i • ' i 1 2 16 5 4 1 1-H ^ 7 O^0‘ g ° a •§ ! is Oh >1 _ w q ©.g a ©5 P? co o CA 2 M 2 a £ o 3 J3 « ° .■a I’SSEh © CO 53 > > S ’ q •a o © «•« > *- C - 2 O 5$i C C.q O go ©■|co © q P 3 3 ijSfrgZo&S* jeOri > © «g w ? « -~ © cs g .3 g o ;WflO«o go gm i h O « « 2 a S ? Virginia 1 I 5 £ EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES I 2§ i II 2 1 i I Is SI 1 S~ S S I 3 S £ § § SS § s 7, 456 8, 044 2, 932 10, 800 500 7,220 2, 433 734 4, 713 iO is : 1 § g 2 1 si Ills 11 S' S' S' S' ”' s' s' s' s' 2 2 £ a a a 1 1 s' s' b § S Ills § § 2 S' 3 2 -' s' s' s' s' 15 1 s' s' s' 1 1 s' s' sil s 1 i 1 Ills Is S' S' 1 S S' S 8' S' S' S' S' B S' 1 1 III II • •I II iii || I ! a 1 1 S' S 1 is Sill II 1 i II S' S' g U d S' 8 S' S' S' S B S ! i : | i j i i ! : j i j X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X i i i i i i : ; | i i i| j ! »o i - -H IM W N N O iO ; r- X TT CO 2 g g £ 10 £ ° S g 22 £ a § 8 2 3 C S S a 1 a s s gs s § Table 29.— Public and pricate residential schools for DELINQUENT children , 1939-40 B. — PUPIL DATA EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASHES 181 8 $3 sga ft 5 3 $ 8 449 61 106 ! 3 2 S SftS » • i i i £8 8 ! ! a i " • i 2 • i I i i i 1 i I i 5 35 33 ft 8 « g a ~ 8 i i i i l I N i i i • • i i i -»££ ej 8 8 2 S3 8 ^ 8 ft 2 8 !68 00 ft 8 ft 5 8 8 3 8ft ft 8^8 ft 151 111 197 339 *j; 3 8 ft 8 8 III 1 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 ill 1 III 1 ill 1 ill f • 1 • i i i i i i i I i i i 1 1 # f l l i i i i i i • i • i i I • i i i i i • » Cl I N » i i i i i » 1 I f 1 i l r> to ci r- " j | Cl o> as?? *° ft S 8 £ 3 1 S ft 88ft ft 8 8 2 ft •9 *o ® ft *5 ft 8 i JUJIJN f- 8 8 8 2 3 “> 8 ?l 3 3 ~ft~ • • o> JO JjJ i i 8 2 8 '* 8 i i i I • 1 1 l i i • i i i i i i • i 1 ^ «o ♦ 1 1 i ft 2 rH «0 -t< 5 S 3 ? 3 8 E S3 3 I s i :?j8 i 8ft i ft a s 8 ! ! e ; s CO S Cl • i i i *8* ft :8 ii« in 901 19 161 143 S6 E £ : Ui £j|s iali ' “ O W.0 u-,wja ° .S .2 'S S «£ o O o O .C-3 t- >* •3 O on sa§- » 1 ®*j £So O > M 2-3 Hi: .2 . »0Q M “o£ euc o tn .2-gt: .2“ i 2 Sis Ill PQ a 05 •fa M os, t- o SH II "2 to 3 3 'O'O 55 5o ooW - !S C op* S.C ^ te «>- <3 a o l|l ®W >» f.-’S .1 §3 g-ss n M < _ a> .2 .2 *■0 i CO h< EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 183 IZZ Oil \L ZZl 2 §§ S* 3 *S i : 8 2 8S s §S si 238 0 S is i CO OS jo 6 16 46 43 6 120 32 93 37 121 20 14 104 16 80 30 12 16 55 3 S3 SoJ 238 82$ 2 83 ; 40 29 34 160 ?! §2 S3 83g £28 00 ^ 122 74 110 327 2 §>§ 1- |35 3 3g 1 ^ Oi \ 1 ' 1 ■ 1 1 1 « 1 • 1 I 0s! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 ! ! 1 1 1 1 1 111 ! 11 1 1 1 1 1 111 1 1 1 1 111 1 111 1 111 1 111 1 111 1 • •I 1 111 1 04 M 5 13 6 20 2 12 7 ~ is? i 14 24 15 49 S si :28 8S3 ^ *°8 10 3 : 1 • 1 • • • • ■ 1 • • 1 • 1 1 70 28 46 111 2 83 800 2§S §32 3 28 83 i 26 9 22 102 _ 19 65 14 27 20 17 143 25 19 80 17 5 58 12 11 10 6 5 48 3 21 4 7 23 12 51 1 4 12 5 o* t>. ! • 1 1 1 ■ 1 ■ 1 ' 1 1-H «£> rHcoi 3 ! 1 8 j 2 3 ^ 2 8 9 18 48 26 186 14 171 12 7 9 28 7 years. 1 years, les 201 m 29 ’45 70 2-1 8 $ 2 2 SgS| 5S SS? § 00.2 00 • —< rH 1 to S 8 | 3 | £ 5 3 232g 2 S'® S \? 3 eo eo £ G> *“H 42 15 5 1 5 22 39 7 34 9 » to ~ ! ! oo *o ec to to ^ CO to ^ 1 Cl Li ooo S 2 S ! §1^2 2 2 § o £ 186 h O' ^ o S j. .5 t BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Grade distribution Total s 60 104 417 457 322 298 57 i»84 428 18 155 78 206 235 Special C£ ! e>» 0 «o es e* ! CO «D OO •(*< 1 i : •: CD s ; § Grades 9-12 15 44 42 237 57 98 17 CD 9 20 Grades 7-8 2 CO CO O CO O f-H OO »-• ^ co 0 r>- »-h 88 18 34 28 Grades 1-6 CO S So SI 197 CD O CO CO CD Age distribution Total 0> O Tf< CM OO t^rt< OO OO iO oo cd »o ®2 33 S3 8 1000 3 *• 8 a 21 years or over - CO 1 1 1 1 i i 19 or 20 years 10 7 45 1 l C-5 » Es Oj Ca 3^ cs «5 ow-g o a “SSip’BgJ ■ T3 ® I si la I X3 >-. ’O m 03 i2 3’C'5' jg 3 „r Hhhh £ 8*i§ .Si8 ’> o >» 2 EPS Q-g It .b1? O.o 3 8 ■o a a g o 5r* ^js 3 rnEJ -_ J3.sM 3 e b Mt»c 03 a) oj a bb 3 P* JS 3 -H O Occ 85.0.3 .sal ■g-i* «’ cs ® 2 03 CQ oDjao w .0 E « CO r-« .tf 5Sal5^ gs.au g£ CQ ►-> CQ LlfM EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES S S S 8 CO 1 3 5 184 18 4 1 21 25 12 32 81 18 31 12 34 33 12 3 05 32 44 T* r* 05 CO CO CO O 005 r-i ^ »C©«-HrH O ^ CO CO 14 129 28 69 33 137 510 17 29 39 44 157 73 0 80 198 330 54 148 170 256 « 844 30 49 154 123 199 89 348 105 l 1 I I 1 1 11 CO 5 21 “ 24 7 ~ 38 82 4 2 58 26 1 66 37 s 27 33 £ 55 101 10 10 56 66 90 40 0 21 34 53 42 12 18 23 23 29 10 IS 4 x r3 - © 2 : 9 3 > §Eh H c $SM 3.9 ^*3 1 > £■ 3 S «^Ot3 O c a • in Eh >>.2 >» q’S' a • 3*3 3 a o a o o 0-<0xi :a^§«§ > <3®2 «CQ m m c3 .. "8 a ’8 “ ’ £b. > ; ~ B >>5 -n o.“m.faO > > 187 2 These data taken from Children’s Bureau publication No. 204, 1940. 12 15 to 20 years. 10 Grades 1 to 9. 13 Grades 1 to 4. 11 10 to 14 years. u 10 to 21 years. 188 fe; fca Cy £ c a, ■"Q BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Grade distribution Total r- 71 187 455 21 240 98 114 334 60 14 40 235 Special © l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I l 1 1 l 1 1 © CM 1 ^ © »-H CO 1 .o • 1 1 l Grades 9-12 52 122 145 49 58 169 46 5 24 Grades 7-8 a 0*0 fcO©i-HOO Oi © lO IQ rHTji oOf-HfcOi-H t-H© 1-1 CMC* Grades 1-6 eo 3 20 125 11 76 70 10 58 1 4 10 186 Age distribution Total s 71 187 455 21 240 98 114 334 60 14 40 235 21 years or over - - II II 1 II II l il ii i 19 or 20 years 1 ° 1 12 10 38 5 8 22 13 1 17 or 18 years o* 32 52 90 2 101 16 61 112 23 00 15 or 16 years 19 93 80 11 74 30 39 158 17 10 21 96 13 or 14 years r» 7 35 105 8 23 34 6 39 7 19 33 11 or 12 years © 1 1 5 105 Tf< *H 1 CO IN 1 1 c> 10 years or un¬ der 1 1 10 i 2 65 ! cm ! ! 1 III 1 III " Racial status Total 1 i *. 1 71 187 455 21 240 98 114 334 60 14 40 235 Negro 1 1 e, 1 2 4 21 98 14 27 148 White » - 69 183 455 240 100 307 60 14 40 87 « I GO g §2 5 Ofcn co ^ -< O 1 £ & o 0.2 olfS G0.S-O m-C S ■3 M -C pq «2 o c o fi CG > £ & •§ w a £ 3 a b -t: ° ••£ ;0 "d g o 3 O <2 a> 5 o M ® :o .o 3.9 'VM a cs i-|hJ 05 2 S : © O :« 5 o TO 03 fc 8 a 22 **■* £ 1 GO , HQ 3^ •2 fl «3 l.S o-g - £f &f'3> >- c s c j- trjJz cg zL w 2 co . c'O ^ K ©>d £ * * * « a « kh ®0 a “ fl p d w !|l| rr o >. c3 |> *d . if CQ ^ ~ i» iS d .b'd o£ tx bo sa g'a §£ M 14 First year of college. EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 189 Non profes¬ sional staff Total annual salaries . $5, 220 6, 840 12, 300 8, 130 6, 358 83, 448 5 292, 320 126, 670 Num¬ ber S 34 11 10 10 - - I • 1 II II II II II Social work¬ ers III 1 III 1 III 1 ho ! Psy¬ cholo¬ gists o : - i i i i i i Superin¬ tendent and as¬ sistant superin¬ tendent e* • ON ^ CM ^ Others i i nio spO 1 1 lO - 1 CO .40 i i CM Grad¬ uate nurses : : • r-i CM CM h Other physi¬ cians _ eo 2- ! ^ x i - Psy¬ chia¬ trists w O i £ j £ £ ! i i Social work¬ ers rH iH i-H CO 4Q r-i Psy¬ cholo¬ gists 2 £ | x : Superin¬ tendent and as¬ sistant superin¬ tendent 1 CM CM CM ^ CM CM Teaching staff Total annual salaries !- $42, 415 12, 480 12, 600 45, 574 25, 380 5,565 14, 700 Total r* X 05 05 a n« *o kO 05 Special sub¬ ject teach¬ ers (0 i rH ! 00 CM CM i i Voca¬ tional teach¬ ers £ CM Tf o0 i-H CM CM ^ r-i © Aca¬ demic class¬ room teach¬ ers CO t~0O r-l 1 i i : •*« CO Super¬ vising princi¬ pals and teach¬ ers eo 1 1 1 1 1 . Num¬ ber of pupils w N- CD 00 kO CO CM »— 1 rH CM JO © JO 05 CM O kO 1— » 05 School - Colorado State Industrial School, Golden _ State Industrial School for Girls, Mt. Morrison _ _ _ _ Connecticut Connecticut Junior Republic Asso¬ ciation, Litchfield _ Connecticut School for Boys, Meri¬ den _ _ Long Lane Farm, Middletown _ Delaware Delaware Industrial School for Girls, Claymont- _ Industrial School for Colored Girls. Marshallton _ Ferris Industrial School, Wilming¬ ton.— ... . _ _ District of Columbia Industrial Home School, Washing¬ ton. . _ _ Industrial Home School for Colored 1 Children, Blue Plains . . 1 EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN — SCHOOLS AND CLASSES 191 107, 780 _ O 00 0 1, 780 26, 166 15, 024 13, 320 93, 332 39, 390 70, 710 13, 470 75 35 7 20 15 16 20 92 40 1 CO 1 40 t-h i 27, 520 15, 844 6, 470 4,680 4,608 4, 700 16, 112 21, 012 9,472 3, 714 O 00 O CM ^ CM 10 O CM o* cm co - :* - - i-4 -00 * 8 9 - - 40 11 - - - - - - rH r-H 1-4 i-i CO «o o o i 40 o 40 I ^ CM iH i 55 O ^ 40 CM ^ CM a> ^ *-h r-t CM HH £ 53 8 ? CM - CM 1 1 l CO CM ^ CM 40 CO 1 0 CM - o LI I LI t» ^ CM CM CO CM COCM 11 5 4 CM - CM 1 CM CO h CM .9 a £ ^ 02. •SBo Isi 0 — .2 >5^ 3 3 T3 2 a'O'O H C g 95 •-1 b o 03 -2 Q K, 03 « S & © >>S * l.H’O 5 « og «pq 00 ft ^ 6 | “ £ ;3 g i a fil 3§i h h ai 2 These data taken from Children’s Bureau publication No. 264, 1940. 6 Plus WPA help. Table 29. — Public and private residential schools for DELINQUENT children, 1939-40 — Continued C.— STAFF DATA— Continued 192 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Nonprofes¬ sional staff Total annual salaries S $21, 180 46, 280 61, 810 6, 389 17, 940 27. 432 * 1, 060 “5,742 1 Num¬ ber Of) Tt< OO CO CO ^ CO LZ 9 28 16 11 Other professional staff Total annual salaries r* $5, 400 7,200 26, 052 5,700 5, 820 ^ o o o co 40 cm oi N ** N Total c© T* CO s'3 CGjVj ~ O £1 C W tfgco •2 a g„ - -go p.c.„ Sg£a O -.9 03 p cc 3 « 'jj w >. w « oRSO^ ssiUr op|i u o n,Ofl,a5 « 05 p © cK »■ « - g a &§ g & «owo2 3 § S 03 >»o 03 o fen 2 c£ o ^ .a ~ o U o 03 wji ms 5 S&ias 1X3 i3 .M ®Q “ m-s W J03 r s uii fl < Es Sj«j ot « telS-gl CO h © co cm CM - « - co cm « cm CO - H H H (M CM CM 3— < CO CM CM - cm ^ co CO rH i-H IO W CM j j - i CO 1 2 2 ! IO HH 1 IO - ; - \ - Ml CM CM CM CM 1-i H(NN (M rHN >fe o fe ^ a § ssfesl c p-a^-rt G3 c3 ■ P P £-8< .9.9' o-fe’5 S =5 M fe o 2 fi.2m O B1 (O ! 2 CQ 23 8 O 3 ■ S3 u O *» O e o> S §0 £ OR n Table 29. — Public and private residential schools for DELINQUENT children , 1939—40 — Continued C. — STAFF DATA— Continued 194 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 O w I'a ii A u Total annual salaries $18, 708 5,850 '20,605 090 ‘SI 26. 641 Num¬ ber 0© £8 S ^ i 8 22 i 1 $ Other professional staff Total annual salaries - $3, 050 6,562 3, 945 6,833 8,400 10,345 Total <0 £ OO |S “ > a •Sa a® oz CO | «o • Q a ! S ; K a ' o 73 : 3" | 3 > i g I tn i 5 o 1 1 £§ * These data taken from Children’s Bureau publication No. 264, 1940. 17 Furnished by arrangement with Neurological Institute of New York. » “Paid by other State funds.” “Services gratis.” Table 29. — Public and private residential schools for DELINQUENT children , 1939-40 — Continued C.— STAFF DATA— Continued 196 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Nonprofes¬ sional staff Total annual salaries S $4, 680 73, 212 35, 975 104, 082 11, 520 13, 974 8, 040 20, 266 83, 155 27,300 Num¬ ber GO ^HMC H rH O CO CO N- CO OO CO 01 rH CO rH H W CO 00 CO Other professional staff Total annual salaries $7, 080 24,415 11,872 17, 610 7, 800 O © O 1 CO o IO 0 -S' lO lQh> Others MS rH i-H O* rH rH H tH CO Grad¬ uate nurses i : HCOHN 1 rH rH 1-4 rH rH HH Other physi¬ cians e* xs x si t-4 -H - CO MS CO 40 Tj4 rH CO io H(N C4 0 rH CO 1-H Special sub¬ ject teach¬ ers to CO CO CO CO 1-4 CO Ob .. 00 - O - 1 CO ^ ^ 1 8, 780 2,400 7,920 2,220 o £ cT e io co r— -h >*• m cm vT* so ~ O CO CO to c- Cl CO 1 • i CM « - 1 - - 1 Vi 1 2 - - - X - - - - - r 1 ' i ' i • - 1 i 1 1 i i r>- — ■ . - - : CM ' - - NCC i i o 1 1 1 1 1 ci — cm i-. cm cm ci 63, 123 4, 046 ® go go g s a a s CO S CO “5 7,432 1,620 1 X o IO ' - ; - - - I — — • Cl 2 § Egg S CM ^ *-h M W ■§ & §*£ a'S .. hi 12* o § ii — o o ■^QQQ "■M4 i'S'3’2 i « a| OS a « c a •s 2 S 83. i? OoQ * These data taken from OhUdron’s Bureau publication No. 264, 1940. 22 10 of those serve as part-time vorational teachers. • Plus WPA help. 23 Plus i part-time teacher furnished by Houston Publio Schools. i» “Superintendent is psychologist.” 24 Plus maintenance for ail except physician. He receives salary of $2,400 a year for 20 Teach various typos of handicap. part-time services 11 Plus maintenance. Table 29. — Public and private residential schools for DELINQUENT children, 1939-40 — Con tinned C. — STAFF DATA — Continued 198 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Nonprofes¬ sional staff Total annual salaries OS $53, 558 1, 860 3,547 10, 840 35,368 13, 393 4,560 Num¬ ber 2 CO 00 ^ 33 00 00 W o Other professional staff Total annual salaries $10, 105 1, 500 1, 500 9,420 10, 896 7,241 s Os CO Total C© CO i-H i— < oo *o io ec Others CO i Grad¬ uate nurses 1 - Jfi O a'3 2 V* CO CO r— 4 i Psy¬ cholo¬ gists O : : : - Superin¬ tendent and as¬ sistant superin¬ tendent . ! O* »— < »— • W (M T-I - Teaching staff Total annual salaries 00 $17, 822 675 1,872 30, 300 5, 016 4,560 1, 980 Total r» 15 « 1 2 21 13 4 4 Special sub¬ ject teach¬ ers CD - - 1 Voca¬ tional teach¬ ers kO 1 14 6 2 (M Aca¬ demic class¬ room teach¬ ers 1 ^ 1 CO T-I ^ lO CO (N «>«*>»•> £ rr O rr y\ r/) O c pq So ©o ^ ^ ^ = ■5 = m G £ C-* .S^.£^ CO _ w „ G cc Q CO cr c >> £ ta CQ 3 •o •E a !i| 00 3 ttJ C C3 eO 5* •E Is a! Sm £ 3 hS 199 biennial survey of education in the united states 1938-40 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 1939-40 VOLUME II CHAPTER VI FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION Major work in the preparation of these tables has been done by Marie L. Nigh, statistical clerk, under the direc¬ tion of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics, and Ralph M. Dunbar, Chief, Library Service Division. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 1939-40 VOLUME II CHAPTER VI By RALPH M. DUNBAR Chief, Library Service Division and EMERY M. FOSTER Chief, Division of Statistics FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, Paul Y. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, John W. Studebaker, Commissioner Contents General Facts About the Compilation _ Purpose _ Method _ Number of returns _ General Findings _ Number of volumes _ Use of libraries _ Interlibrary loans _ Staff _ Source of income _ Expenditures _ Growth in volumes and expenditures _ Further Analysis of Findings _ Distribution of libraries by: Number of volumes _ Annual acquisitions _ Size of staff _ Operating expenditures _ Statistics of Individual Libraries _ Page 1 1 1 2 3 3 9 10 10 16 21 27 28 28 29 31 32 33 Tables !■ Total number of institutions of higher education and number and per¬ cent reporting _ g 2. Book stock and circulation, 1939-40 _ _ 4 3. Library staff and student enrollment, 1939-40 _ 11 4. Operating receipts, 1939-40 _ 17 5. Operating expenditures and capital outlay, 1939-40 _ 22 6. Number of volumes in libraries, 1919-20 to 1939-40 _ 28 7. Expenditures of libraries, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 28 8. Number of libraries distributed by number of volumes _ 29 9. Number of libraries distributed by number of volumes added 1939-40_ 30 10. Number of libraries distributed by size of staff _ 31 11. Number of libraries distributed by operating expenses, 1939-40 _ 32 12. Statistics of the libraries of the institutions of higher education, 1939—40 _ 20 11 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 1939-40 General Facts About the Compilation rPHE PURPOSE of this publication is to present basic statistical data on the libraries of the institutions of higher education in the United States and its outlying parts. The U. S. Office of Education has issued previous compilations in which college and university library statistics have been included, but this is the first separate comprehensive one for this type of library. Furthermore, it is planned to make the compilation the beginning of a series to be issued at periodic intervals so that college administrators, librarians, and others will have available essential data necessary in formulating policies and planning for future library development. Method To gather data for the compilation, the U. S. Office of Education used the uniform statistical report for the libraries of the institutions of higher education,1 a blank devised by a joint committee composed of representatives from the American Library Association, State library agencies, and the U. S. Office of Education. The president of every college and university listed in the 1940 Educational Directory of the U. S. Office of Education was requested to have his librarian submit library statistics for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1940, to the Library Service Division. After 4 months, a second request for the statistics was sent to all libraries which had not replied. All returns were edited for possible discrepancies and omissions. In order to clear up misinterpretations, some 400 letters of inquiry were addressed to libraries. As a further assurance of the reliability of the data sent in, it should be noted that the uniform report form with its terms defined is being used regularly by the American Library Association and by many of the State .library agencies. Consequently, it is reasonable to assume that the figures submitted by the libraries possess a high degree of comparability and reliability. From the returns, a detailed table of basic data (table 12) was com¬ piled with the institutions grouped according to the categories used in the Educational Directory: Universities and 4-year colleges granting degrees. Professional and technological schools. 1 U. S. Office of Education Form 8-072. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 4-year teachers colleges. 2- or 3-year normal schools. Junior colleges. This detailed table served as a basis for the State summaries (tables 2 to 5) which give totals for bookstock, service, personnel, and finances for the various types of institutions. A further analysis of the data was made by compiling tables in which the libraries were distributed by number of volumes possessed as of June 30, 1940, by number of volumes added during the fiscal year, by size of staff, and by amount of operating expenditures. The data obtained from the colleges for Negroes were used also as part of a separate study, which has been published already.2 There are no doubt many other arrangements of the data which would be both useful and significant, if additional time and assistance had been available. One would have been to differentiate the insti- tions by type of control; and another, to separate the institutions offering graduate work from those not offering it. The Educational Directory furnishes the data necessary for such grouping, and it is hoped that supplementary studies will be made using data presented in this compilation. Ratios and per student averages would be especially desirable, as would also tables showing trends. Number of Returns Requests for statistical information were sent to every one of the 1,699 institutions of higher education listed in the 1940 Educational Directory. To this request for data 1,321 libraries replied, a return of 77.75 percent (table 1). The highest percentage of returns came from the college and university group (85.69 percent) and the lowest from the professional and technological schools (57.79 percent). Of the colleges and universities reporting, 7 asked that their data be considered confidential. Among the junior colleges, 6 reported that they had no separate library facilities but instead used those of the high school or a nearby public library. The junior colleges so report¬ ing were: the Citrus Junior College and the Stockton Junior College in California; the Lincoln Junior College in Missouri; the Capitol Hill Junior College and the Kiowa County Junior College in Oklahoma; and the Wyomissing Polytechnic Institute in Pennsylvania. The figure of 1,321 institutions supplying library data for this compilation is not as high as the number submitting general statistics for the recent issues of the Biennial Survey oj Education in the United States. In 1933-34, for instance, 1,327 institutions reported; in 1935-36, 1,362 institutions; in 1937-38, 1,586 institutions; and in 3 U. S. Office of Education. National survey of the higher education of Negroes. General studies of colleges for Negroes. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, 1942. p. 95-108. (Misc. No. 6, volume II.) COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 3 1939-40, 1,708 institutions. However, it may be noted that only one or two library items were requested in the com'prehensive higher education statistics contained in the Biennial Survey instead of the 88 major items with additional breakdowns on the library blank. In addition, the general field service of the Office was used extensively in obtaining the general reports from institutions of higher education but was employed only to the extent of obtaining 148 reports from college libraries. It is hoped that in the future, as libraries become more accustomed to the use of the uniform statistical report blank, the percentage of returns will grow steadily. In this way, both government and non¬ government agencies, working for the development of libraries, will have adequate, basic data available on libraries. Table 1. — Total number of institutions of higher education and number and percent reporting , 1939-40 Item Total Colleges and uni¬ versities Profes¬ sional and technologi¬ cal schools Teachers colleges Normal schools Junior colleges Number listed in Educational Direc¬ tory, 1940 _ ... _ __ 1,699 1,321 77. 75 734 263 181 62 459 Number reporting _ . _ 629 152 149 40 351 Percent reporting _ _ 85.69 57.79 82. 32 64. 52 76. 47 General Findings How large are college book collections? How fast are they grow¬ ing? To what extent are they used? How many librarians and assistants are employed? What are their total operating expendi¬ tures and capital outlays? The summaries (tables 2 to 5) afford answers to this series of questions about college and university libraries, both for the Nation as a whole and for the individual States. As of June 30, 1940, the reporting libraries contained 71,666,801 volumes; they had added 3,194,578 during the year; they had a home circulation of 26,441,007 volumes and reserved book use of 36,591,088 volumes; they employed 6,760 full-time workers, including 4,716 professional librarians, but excluding student assistants paid on an hourly basis; their operating expenses amounted to $17,976,231 and their capital outlays to $4,270,470 which included sites and new buildings, additions to buildings and new equipment. The data for the libraries in the outlying parts are carried in a separate category at the end of each summary (tables 2-5). Number of Volumes Of the total number of volumes in the institutions of higher educa¬ tion (table 2) the college and university group contains 82.9 percent; 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 the professional and technological schools, 6.4 percent; teachers colleges, 6.2 percent; the normal schools, 0.6 percent; and the junior colleges, 3.9 percent. Table 2. — Book stock and circulation , 1939-40 State and type of institution Book stock Circulation Number added during year Number at end of year Home use Reserved books Interlibrary loans Bor¬ rowed Lent Continental United States _ 3, 194, 578 71, 666,801 26,441, 007 36, 591, 088 89, 880 65, 896 Universities and colleges _ .. .. 2, 549, 131 59, 382,014 17, 252, 545 27, 893, 976 65, 475 61, 219 Professional and technological schools _ 152, 937 4, 566, 676 1, 141, 552 523, 613 3, 883 2,509 Teachers colleges _ _ .. . _ 270, 122 4, 579, 323 4, 417, 807 5, 749, 291 9, 822 948 Normal schools.. ... _ 24, 544 394, 514 494, 444 285, 222 1,920 126 Junior colleges _ _ _ 197, 844 2, 744, 274 3, 134, 659 2, 138, 986 8, 780 1,094 Alabama... _ _ . _ 38, 635 672, 403 345,024 490, 146 413 213 Universities and colleges . _ 28. 499 514, 420 227, 684 301, 535 248 137 Teachers colleges _ _ _ 7,809 108, 974 101,081 170, 962 19 8 Junior colleges _ _ _ _ 2, 327 49, 009 16, 259 17, 649 146 68 Arizona... _ _ _ 13,718 214, 423 107,754 223, 616 297 76 Universities and colleges... . ... _ 7,703 138, 802 35,026 91, 796 186 69 Teachers colleges _ _ '... . 3, 937 56, 850 54, 532 68, 620 101 2 Junior colleges . . . . 2, 078 18, 771 18, 196 63,200 10 5 Arkansas _ 18, 590 414, 339 203, 186 377, 309 336 96 Universities and colleges. . _ _ ... 12, 983 318, 989 143, 979 298, 193 326 46 Professional and technological schools 225 7, 225 225 100 Teachers colleges... _ _ _ 3, 075 47, 542 39, 743 39, 355 5 Junior colleges . . . . . ... .. 2,307 40, 583 19, 239 39, 661 5 50 California . . . . . 258, 016 4, 256, 141 2, 625, 762 2,048,996 6, 828 6, 029 Universities and colleges... ... _ 183, 315 3, 247, 624 1, 279, 225 1, 364, 801 3, 917 5, 501 Professional and technological schools _ 11,634 249, 347 25, 673 1, 311 551 468 Teachers colleges _ _ _ 19, 616 269, 670 277, 761 347, 248 151 8 Junior colleges . . . . . 43, 451 489, 500 1, 043, 103 335, 636 2,209 52 Colorado _ _ 53,062 890,968 362,697 1, 366, 045 1,505 1,098 Universities and colleges ... _ _ 31, 423 677,068 193, 181 1, 121, 569 1,149 814 Professional and technological schools _ 8, 632 48, 114 38, 000 115, 000 65 15 Teachers colleges . . . .. _ 8,991 140, 651 108, 341 113, 535 218 239 Junior colleges. . . ... _ 4, 016 25, 135 23, 175 15, 941 73 30 Connecticut.. _ _ 103, 741 3, 102, 513 300, 262 242, 825 1,062 1,661 Universities and colleges _ _ _ 97, 483 2, 783, 473 222, 795 218, 075 1,018 1, 650 Professional and technological schools 2, 759 254, 768 16,649 32 5 Teachers colleges _ .. . . ...... 3,269 52, 292 58, 718 24,550 12 6 Normal schools _ _ 2,000 Junior colleges . . 230 9,980 to o o 200 Delaware _ 4, 471 82, 492 24, 052 9,682 113 Universities and colleges . _ _ _ 4, 471 82, 492 24, 052 9,682 113 District of Columbia _ 39,768 661, 778 168, 101 150, 278 3, 315 687 Universities and colleges . _ ... . 31, 925 617, 210 134, 373 133, 172 2, 915 687 Professional and technological schools 5, 700 8, 200 Teachers colleges 1,606 23, 200 29, 759 17, 106 Junior colleges _ _ 537 13, 168 3, 969 400 Florida _ _ _ 30, 348 385, 246 221, 068 405, 447 417 138 Universities and colleges. - - 25, 489 353, 992 189, 270 379,837 395 138 Junior colleges _ _ 4,859 31, 254 31, 798 25. 610 22 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 5 Table 2. — Book stock and circulation , 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution Book stock Circulation Number added during year Number at end of year Home use Reserved books Interlibrary loans Bor¬ rowed Lent Georgia _ . ... _ 43, 098 809, 434 369, 613 666,409 438 337 Universities and colleges ... . . . .. 29, 672 634, 145 200,491 415, 395 353 211 Professional and technological schools _ 5, 376 84, 702 .26, 181 7, 886 13 31 Teachers colleges _ ... 3,165 24,019 30, 740 28, 404 13 Junior colleges _ _ _ _ 4,885 66,568 112, 201 214, 724 59 95 Idaho .. . _ . . _ 11,881 170, 164 62, 675 98, 962 589 175 Universities and colleges _ _ ... _ _ 9,930 142, 145 62,440 98, 712 279 165 Normal schools _ . _ _ 625 15,800 235 250 10 10 Junior colleges.. . _ . ... . ... 1, 326 12, 219 300 Illinois _ _ _ 169, 946 4, 752, 434 1, 263, 219 2,880,588 4,277 7, 747 Universities and colleges _ ... 140, 456 4, 042, 636 918, 842 2, 178, 384 3, 031 6, 970 Professional and technological schools _ 12, 313 344, 875 65, 411 123, 993 749 543 Teachers colleges _ _ 11, 520 243, 623 217, 281 506, 937 114 43 Junior colleges.. _ _ .. _ 5,657 121, 300 61, 685 71, 274 383 191 Indiana _ 70, 596 1, 628, 532 533,992 608, 337 1,095 884 Universities and colleges. _ _ . .... 55, 145 I 1,278,312 378, 584 580, 976 975 824 Professional and technological schools. .. 1,802 89, 214 19, 163 33 7 Teachers colleges. _ _ ... _ 12,716 231, 700 127, 009 26, 779 72 53 933 29,306 9, 236 582 15 Iowa _ 74,248 1, 676, 171 677,023 1, 024, 645 1,912 2, 328 Universities and colleges - - 62,640 1, 405, 236 483, 661 668, 837 1,443 2,311 Prnfossjnnnl and tcchnnlngical schools 275 28,681 Teachers colleges . . . . . - - 6, 097 135, 404 68,206 232, 057 6 17 Junior colleges _ _ 5,236 106, 850 125, 156 123, 751 463 Kansas. _ 56, 253 1, 145, 531 406, 162 899,827 1,685 646 Universities and colleges... . - 40,707 873, 670 274, 510 709, 821 1,135 610 Teachers colleges - - 7, 455 143, 668 25,223 94, 416 86 18 Junior colleges _ _ . . . - 8,091 128, 193 106,429 95, 590 464 18 Kentucky . _ _ _ _ 79, 116 983,069 679, 705 604, 140 915 479 Universities and colleges - 48, 796 631,738 268, 398 357, 195 656 433 Professional and technological schools 2, 058 83, 307 9, 655 Teachers colleges _ 15, 922 173, 467 278, 560 211, 666 107 46 Junior colleges _ _ _ 12, 340 94,557 123, 092 35, 279 152 Louisiana _ 57, 371 820,875 491, 642 640,938 3,525 2,579 Universities and colleges . 53,918 760, 709 416, 209 506, 669 2,993 2,575 Teachers colleges _ _ 1, 505 40, 878 55,417 67,449 22 Normal schools . _ _ _ 90 3, 909 2,337 6, 107 82 Junior colleges - - - - - 1,858 15, 379 17, 679 60, 713 428 4 Maine _ _ _ 17,586 605, 332 125, 495 183, 348 444 168 Universities and colleges - .. ... 15,898 542,763 117, 561 171, 802 251 166 Professional and technological schools 315 41, 469 1,397 1, 292 2 Normal schools _ _ _ _ _ _ 667 13, 286 5,452 10, 093 190 Junior colleges _ _ 706 7, 814 1,085 161 3 Maryland . . . . 53,739 1, 219, 080 367, 435 180, 323 1,260 479 Universities and colleges - 47, 143 1, 007, 019 127, 518 145,096 1, 050 467 Professional and technological schools 2,612 89, 773 43, 154 72 12 Teachers colleges 2,221 65, 171 183, 338 25, 482 43 Junior colleges _ _ 1,76? 57, 117 13, 425 9, 745 95 Massachusetts . 173, 552 7, 148, 776 885, 922 627, 496 3,945 4,434 Universities and colleges _ _ 151,051 6, 461, 193 685, 044 531, 986 3,125 3, 868 Professional and technological schools - 14, 636 530, 860 140, 459 40, 140 525 566 Teachers colleges . _ 5,895 124, 992 46, 397 51, 708 30 Normal schools _ _ _ 613 4, 199 1 Junior colleges . . — 1, 357 27, 532 14, 022 3, 662 264 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 2. — Book stock and circulation, 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution Book stock Circulation Number added during year Number at end of year Home use Reserved books Interlibrary loans Bor¬ rowed Lent Michigan . . . 108, 257 2, 186, 281 950, 672 1, 695, 437 1,476 2,682 Universities and colleges _ 92, 957 1, 857, 175 523, 658 1, 348, 747 1, 405 2, 443 Professional and technological schools _ 1,422 66, 335 9, 505 3,783 15 5 7,901 114, 485 133, 899 301, 963 5 Normal schools . . . . _ . 400 Junior colleges.-. . . .. _ 5,977 147, 886 283, 610 40,944 51 234 Minnesota _ _ 55, 983 1, 876, 567 453, 332 654, 155 841 987 Universities and colleges . . . 44, 173 1, 633, 661 163, 477 325, 151 668 936 Professional and technological schools. . .. 594 26, 303 4,123 5,995 Teachers colleges . . . . 6,286 155, 507 230, 544 298, 183 110 51 Normal schools _ _ _ 208 9, 030 3,800 300 4, 722 52, 066 51,388 24, 526 63 Mississippi . . . . 33, 472 412, 294 353, 294 312, 704 714 71 Universities and colleges . . . 21, 804 292,031 174, 950 144, 493 102 40 Teachers colleges . 1,853 37, 206 75, 745 15, 355 16 12 Junior colleges . . . . 9, 815 83, 057 102, 599 152, 856 596 19 Missouri. . 102, 350 2, 147, 302 925, 801 880, 166 1,303 1, 330 Universities and colleges _ _ 70,360 1, 552, 943 594, 149 583,289 1,090 1,278 Professional and technological schools _ 2, 441 132, 984 14, 446 2, 964 9 7 Teachers colleges . . . . 14, 993 262, 967 132, 049 185, 014 83 12 Junior colleges _ _ _ _ 14, 556 198, 408 185, 157 108, 899 121 33 Montana . . . 10, 312 352, 425 76, 535 147,857 167 123 Universities and colleges _ _ *... 5, 686 271, 636 42, 337 121, 956 83 118 Professional and technological schools _ 632 16, 377 58 4 Teachers colleges . . . . _ 2, 576 42, 459 15 1 Normal schools _ _ _ _ 488 9, 697 19, 138 3 Junior colleges. . . . 930 12, 256 15, 060 25, 901 8 Nebraska. . . . . . 36, 222 824, 978 380, 531 612, 777 544 755 Universities and colleges _ _ 29, 861 658, 900 262,200 426, 792 486 743 Professional and technological schools _ 999 18, 754 23 Teachers colleges. . . 4,263 130, 019 116, 371 185, 985 32 12 Normal schools _ 535 8, 247 1,960 3 J unior colleges . . . . 564 9, 058 Nevada... . . . . 2,487 63,364 17, 021 92 144 Universities and colleges . . 2,487 63, 364 17, 021 92 144 New Hampshire . . . 24,259 658, 001 138,077 292,036 771 822 Universities and colleges. . 21, 935 630, 958 120, 188 261, 241 743 798 Teachers colleges . . . . 446 11, 149 6, 063 23, 979 Junior colleges . . . . . 1, 878 15, 894 11, 826 6,816 28 24 New Jersey. . . . . 57,036 1, 797, 885 347, 338 215, 158 7,477 2,696 Universities and colleges _ .. 42, 003 1, 320, 960 204, 674 178, 921 2,189 2,554 Professional and technological schools _ 6, 397 378, 979 30, 478 7,944 247 90 Teachers colleges . . . 7, 153 82, 783 99, 699 26, 530 5, 012 51 Junior colleges . . . 1,483 15, 163 12, 487 1,763 29 1 New Mexico _ _ _ 11, 643 180, 100 147,220 190, 251 232 101 Universities and colleges _ 6,888 120, 547 83, 699 104, 299 115 83 Professional and technological schools _ 215 5,505 Teachers colleges . . . . 3, 148 44, 434 48, 080 36, 435 41 17 Junior colleges . . . . . 1,392 9, 614 15, 441 49, 517 76 1 New York... . . 317, 835 7, 672, 458 2, 763, 660 4, 354, 427 10, 814 7,234 Universities and colleges _ 273, 654 6, 446, 629 2, 070, 032 4, 057, 461 7,526 6,780 Professional and technological schools _ 31, 087 996, 817 342, 735 112, 486 838 385 Teachers colleges . . . . . 2, 478 33, 225 57, 704 85, 789 2, 069 61 Normal schools . . . 8, 193 154, 463 266, 915 98, 691 329 4 Junior colleges . „ . . . 2,423 41, 324 26, 274 52 4 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 7 Table 2. — Book stock and circulation , 1939—40 — Continued State and type of institution Book stock Circulation Number added during year Number at end of year Home use Reserved books Interlibrary loans Bor¬ rowed Lent North Carolina _ 94,865 1, 777, 270 890, 639 1, 032, 105 4,288 4,152 Universities and colleges. .. . 75,820 1, 519, 857 724, 403 694, 171 4, 095 4, 140 Teachers colleges . . . 8, 717 103,594 86, 274 227,505 40 1 331 2,804 2, 295 4, 748 49 Junior colleges.. . . . . . 9, 997 151,015 77, 667 105, 681 ' 104 11 North Dakota . . 8,220 267, 672 141,684 107,984 145 70 Universities and colleges . . 4, 978 166,768 48, 108 49, 962 86 30 Teachers colleges . . . . . 3, 079 91,840 88, 789 58, 022 54 40 163 9,064 4, 787 5 Ohio . . 172,927 4, 023, 927 1, 255, 925 2, 617, 834 4,019 2,586 Universities and colleges . . 164, 100 3, 796, 485 1, 212, 949 2, 611, 879 3, 808 2,496 Professional and technological schools - 7, 522 189, 575 13, 332 605 193 84 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ 895 22,900 29,644 5,350 18 6 410 14, 967 Oklahoma.. . . . . . 44, 092 774, 367 531,528 756,222 918 322 Universities and colleges . ... 34, 162 540, 245 269, 474 573,602 650 302 Professional and technological schools. . .. 20 1,935 Teachers colleges... . . 5,721 163, 074 195, 052 143, 827 71 3 Junior colleges . . 4, 189 69, 113 67, 002 38, 793 197 17 Oregon . 35, 279 790, 489 375, 662 977, 855 5, 469 1, 853 Universities and colleges . 29, 179 708, 252 282, 498 837,729 4,317 1, 723 Normal schools . . . . 5, 388 71, 597 86, 574 119, 249 1,102 104 Junior colleges . . . 712 10,640 6, 590 20, 877 50 26 Pennsylvania . 200, 370 4, 368, 927 1, 578, 647 1, 113, 503 6, 128 2,376 Universities and colleges . . 169, 147 3, 532, 142 1, 084, 893 824, 031 5, 725 , 2,096 Professional and technological schools _ 13,276 493, 340 133, 554 70, 178 82 249 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ 15, 820 306, 912 346, 138 213, 091 320 31 Junior colleges _ _ 2, 127 36, 533 14, 062 6,203 1 Rhode Island . . 27, 459 680, 203 120,542 133, 792 745 294 Universities and colleges _ _ 26,792 666, 265 108, 337 133, 792 728 291 Professional and technological schools _ 667 13, 938 12, 205 17 3 South Carolina . 21,008 544, 155 249, 870 168,896 122 89 Universities and colleges . . . 19,248 508, 101 238, 249 156,342 122 89 Professional and technological schools. 983 18, 862 6,400 3,650 Normal schools _ 305 2,170 5, 186 Junior colleges _ _ 472 15, 022 35 8,904 South Dakota.. _ _ 15, 153 345,840 140, 737 108,860 197 105 Universities and colleges . . . 8,740 236, 635 38, 727 59, 983 163 97 Professional and technological schools _ 739 16, 313 7, 950 3 Teachers colleges _ 1,246 25, 166 15, 263 15,868 Normal schools. . . 4, 105 55,048 70, 702 33,009 31 8 Junior colleges _ 323 12, 678 8,095 Tennessee . 61, 845 1, 196, 292 708,826 837, 456 1,629 1, 845 Universities and colleges . . 48,393 994, 838 491, 601 588, 455 1,005 1, 797 Professional and technological schools . 83 7, 825 7,509 1,439 84 23 Teachers colleges _ _ 8, 413 106, 076 109, 024 194, 631 52 Normal schools.. .. . 1, 790 9, 758 6, 409 Junior colleges . . . 3, 166 77, 795 94,283 52,931 488 25 Texas 136, 969 2, 391, 774 1, 746, 103 2, 670, 893 3, 661 2,701 Universities and colleges. . 88,663 1, 689, 823 947,408 1, 666, 208 1,843 2,443 Professional and technological schools. ... 4, 732 75, 421 101,996 104 10 Teachers colleges . . . 27, 291 372, 853 369,683 751, 046 430 121 Junior colleges . . . 16,283 253,677 327, 016 253, 639 1,284 127 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 2. — Book stock and circulation , 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution Book stock Circulation Number added during year Number at end of year Home use Reserved books Interlibrary loans Bor¬ rowed Lent Utah _ 19, 856 415,415 131, 416 315, 751 92 24 Universities and colleges . .. . . 14, 552 351, 128 96, 698 207, 424 83 12 800 Junior colleges . . . . .. 5,304 63,487 34, 718 108, 327 9 12 Vermont . . 15, 997 368,077 85,471 53,648 416 212 Universities and colleges _ 14, 909 345, 426 70, 514 52,038 266 192 388 13, 921 7, 134 115 junior colleges.. - - 700 8,730 7,823 1, 610 35 20 Virginia . . 79, 578 1, 451, 349 516, 903 544,542 317’ 613 Universities and colleges. . . 57, 558 1, 107, 812 312, 353 350, 960 925 575 Professional and technological schools.. .. 12, 791 211, 078 68, 352 24, 847 170 Teachers colleges. . . *_ _ _ . .. 6,316 77, 668 99, 223 142, 615 125 11 Normal schools _ _ 283 7,242 9,780 12, 575 5 Junior colleges . . 2,630 47, 549 27, 195 13, 545 92 27 Washington . . . 70, 352 1, 116,377 464, 739 820, 420 450 1,131 Universities and colleges . . . . . 58, 276 939, 921 310, 755 617, 888 420 1, 129 Teachers colleges _ 8, 492 138, 719 134, 989 199, 056 30 2 Junior colleges _ _ . 3,584 37, 737 18, 995 3, 476 West Virginia _ _ _ 21,331 446, 047 238, 075 442, 760 357 128 Universities and colleges - - 15, 886 361, 392 178, 947 379, 265 293 121 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ . 5, 358 77, 349 58,428 63, 095 64 7 Junior colleges _ 87 7,306 700 400 Wisconsin - - 37, 746 792,802 459, 272 672, 151 1,006 196 Universities and colleges . . . . 24, 333 450, 022 166, 705 122, 273 770 127 Professipnal and technological schools. _ 35, 000 3,000 Teachers colleges _ _ 12, 878 296, 837 283, 040 549, 678 236 69 Normal schools _ _ _ _ . 535 10, 943 6, 527 200 Wyoming _ _ 3, 940 104, 462 47, 719 115, 070 119 Universities and colleges - - - 3, 940 104, 462 47, 719 115, 070 119 Outlying parts of the United States . . . 19, 097 245, 806 156, 403 273, 928 44 41 Alaska Universities and colleges _ 1, 652 19, 038 5 Canal Zone Junior colleges _ 722 6,805 450 HAWAn Universities and colleges _ . . . 8,257 111, 748 100, 596 205, 878 27 30 Philippine Islands Universities and colleges _ 931 34, 993 14, 322 7,000 3 6 Puerto Rico Universities and colleges _ _ 7,535 73, 222 41, 485 60,600 9 5 The libraries of the institutions of higher education taken in the aggregate added 2.6 books per student (undergraduates and graduates included) during the year; they contained 59.8 books per student (tables 2 and 3). The college and university group posssessed 65.4 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 9 books per student, the teachers colleges 37.3 books per student, and the junior colleges 25.3 books per student. The reporting libraries of the colleges and universities added during the year 2.8 books per stu¬ dent, the teachers colleges 2.2 books per student, and the junior colleges 1.8 books per student. In connection with averages for the teachers colleges, it should be noted that both the Teachers College Library of Columbia University and the Library at George Peabody College for Teachers have been placed in the college and university group, as each is part of a university system and not an independent teachers college library. Use of the Library Since library collections exist not for themselves, but for service to students and faculty, the measurement of use is of prime importance. To be of the greatest significance both qualitative and quantitative facts should be at hand. Unfortunately, in this general compilation it has been possible to obtain only certain quantitative data and these are subject to decided limitations. Statistics were requested for such items as number of volumes borrowed for home use, number of re¬ served books used in the building or taken out overnight, and extent of reference use. The summary (table 2) covers the first two items but does not include reference use, the third item. This important phase of college library activity is not as yet recorded statistically except in a few cases. Interpretation of circulation for home use and of reserved books must be made with extreme caution, because the figures are affected by such factors as methods of instruction, type of subjects taught, lay¬ out of building, regulations for the use of books, and living arrange¬ ments for the students. Calculations from the summaries (tables 2 and 3) show that, for the institutions as a whole, 21.7 books per student were borrowed for home use during the year. For the uni¬ versities and colleges, the figure was 19 books per student; for the teachers colleges, 36 books per student; and for the junior colleges, 28.9 books per student. In the item of reserved books, the statistics for all institutions show a use of 30 volumes per student; for univer¬ sities and colleges, 30.7 per student per year; for teachers colleges, 46.9 per student per year; for the junior colleges, 19.8 per year. The figures for reserved books are not complete because many institutions, as may be noted from the footnotes in the detailed statistics (table 12), do not record the use of reserved books within the building. The replies to questions on the reference use of the libraries were not sufficient to justify tabulation. This situation may be explained by the fact that libraries heretofore have not attempted to record their reference use and also that the measurement of reference service is a 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 difficult process. On the uniform statistical form, reference use was defined as follows: A general question is any question which requires the use of library material in answering or which involves interpretation of the use of library tools resulting in the use of library material. Exclude all questions pertaining to the location of specific books or library tools. A search question is any question of an investigatory or research nature requiring a search of 15 minutes or more. Include under bibliographies compiled material of sufficient value to be typed and preserved. Interlibrary Loans Interlibrary loans may indicate weakness in a given book collec¬ tion, or they may mean the operation of a well-planned system of cooperation in which different institutions assume responsibility for certain fields and then stand ready to lend to other libraries the printed materials in those chosen fields. Without a detailed analysis of the lending and borrowing of the libraries, interlibrary loan figures can show mainly the gross extent of this activity (table 2) and the ratio of borrowing to lending. The reporting libraries of the institu¬ tions of higher education borrowed 89,880 volumes and lent 65,896. The college and university group lent 1 volume through interlibrary loan for every one borrowed ; the professional and technological school lent 1 for every 1.5 borrowed; the teachers colleges lent 1 for every 13.6 borrowed; the junior colleges lent 1 for every 8 borrowed. Staff and Students The libraries were asked to report their regular staffs under three major categories: Professional, subprofessional, and clerical and others. In accordance with library personnel practice, these terms were defined as follows: A professional assistant is a member of the professional staff performing work of a professional grade which requires training and skill in the theoretical or scientific parts of library work as distinct from its merely mechanical parts and includes all the professional staff except the chief librarian or director, associate or assistant chief librarian, department heads, division heads, and heads of school, college, departmental, and laboratory school libraries. To be classed as a professional assistant, the person must hold a profes¬ sional position which requires the following educational background: (a) At least a bachelor’s degree which includes 1 year of professional library education in the 4 years which lead to the bachelor’s degree; or (b) An informal education considered by the librarian as the real equiva¬ lent of 4 years of college work plus 5 years’ experience in a library of recognized professional standing. (This provision is to take care of those already in the profession who are performing duties which require a knowledge of books and library technique as taught in a library school.) COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 11 A subprofessional assistant is a person who performs under the immediate supervision of professional staff members, work largely concerned with the higher routine processes which are peculiar to library work and which require some knowledge of library procedure. (No assistant paid on an hourly basis should be included here.) A subprofessional assistant should have had at least brief elementary train¬ ing in library work as taught in a library summer session or a training class. A clerical assistant is a person such as a typist, etc., who performs, under immediate supervision, processes which may require experience, speed, accuracy, and clerical ability of a high order, but do not require knowledge of the theoretical or scientific aspects of library work. High-school graduation is presupposed for this classification. “Others” usually includes those devoting either full or part time to the most simple clerical or manual tasks which involve no responsibility or inde¬ pendent judgment, such as the work performed by pages, shelvers, and beginning workers. The building maintenance force is excluded from the figures, as are also student assistants paid on an hourly basis. On the basis of the returns from all the institutions of higher educa¬ tion, 69.8 percent of the library employees are classed as professional; 8.7 percent as subprofessional; and 21.5 percent as clerical and other (table 3). For the university and college library group, the corre¬ sponding percentages are 67.8, 9.1, and 23.1; for the teachers colleges, 82.1, 11.4, and 6.5; for the junior colleges, 77.4, 7.0, and 15.6. Calculations from the data on library staff and student enrollment (table 3) show that for the institutions of higher education as a whole, there is one library staff member for 179 students, undergraduate and graduate combined. For the universities and colleges, the average is 1 library staff member for 173 students; for professional and tech¬ nological schools, it is 1 for 167 students; for teachers colleges, 1 for 233 students; for normal schools, 1 for 184 students; and for junior colleges, 1 for 202 students. Table 3. — Library staff and student enrollment , 1939-40 State and type of institution Size of staff Student enroll¬ ment Total Profes¬ sional Sub- profes¬ sional Clerical and others Under¬ graduate Gradu¬ ate Continental United States _ 6, 7601,4 4,7161^ 591 1, 4523/4 1,111,058 104, 117 Universities and colleges _ 5, 24334 3, 544% 488 1, 210% 809. 267 98, 065 Professional^nd technological schools _ 408% 287% 31 89% 64,353 3, 820 Teachers colleges _ _ 524% 430 34 % 60 % 120, 257 2,232 Normal schools.. . 48% 39% 9 8,860 Junior colleges _ .. _ _ _ 535% 414% 37 % 83 108, 321 Alabama _ _ _ 81% 57% 10 14 14,586 OflO Universities and colleges . . ... .... 60% 47% 4 9 11, 664 606 282 Teachers colleges . .. .. . .. 12 5 5 2 1, 997 Junior colleges . . . . . 9 5 1 3 925 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 3. — Library staff and student enrollment , 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution Size of staff Student enroll¬ ment Total Profes¬ sional Sub- profes¬ sional Clerical and others Under¬ graduate Gradu¬ ate « Arizona _ _ _ _ _ ___ 1634 1534 1 5, 192 345 834 834 2,474 192 4 4 1,692 153 4 3 1 1, 026 Arkansas _ _ _ 45 J4 3634 4 5 8,660 79 Universities and colleges - - 35 26 4 5 5, 827 79 1 1 74 4 4 1, 277 534 534 1, 482 California . . . . .. . . 479 36434 2534 8834 91, 098 7, 049 Universities and colleges _ . ... _ _ 32634 23734 1934 6934 38, 731 6,717 17 34 1334 4 3,042 332 4334 4034 3 10,994 91 34 7234 634 12 38,331 Colorado.. . . . 80 64 9 7 14, 149 1, 182 Universities and colleges _ . ... ..... 5734 4634 6 534 9, 550 1,052 2 2 778 30 12 34 1034 2 1, 996 100 8 534 1 134 1, 825 Connecticut _ 215 11934 31 6434 8, 580 1,124 Universities and colleges ... ... .. . . . .. 195 10434 30 6034 7, 473 1,012 Professional and technological schools . . 9 6 1 2 291 112 Teachers colleges. . .... _ _ _ . _ 5 5 686 Normal schools .. .. _ _ _ 4 2 2 . 20 Junior colleges 2 2 110 Delaware _ 9 5 2 2 1,046 14 U niversities and colleges . . . 9 5 2 2 1,046 14 District of Columbia. _ _ 55 34 3234 9 14 6, 719 2,626 Universities and colleges _ .... _ .. 47 28 9 10 5, 053 2, 564 Professional and technological schools 34 34 1, 040 62 Teachers colleges. ... .. _ _ _ 2 2 500 Junior colleges. _ 6 2 4 126 Florida.. . . 4934 39 234 734 10, 116 243 Universities and colleges . . . . 4234 35 234 534 8, 969 243 Junior colleges. _ _ 6 34 4 234 1, 147 Georgia. .. _ _ _ _ 108 8134 9 1734 17, 001 459 Universities and colleges _ _ _ _ 81 57 8 16 10, 248 405 Professional and technological schools 7 634 34 2, 984 54 Teachers colleges _ _ ... .... 6 5 1 514 Junior colleges _ ... .. . _ ... _ 14 13 1 3.255 Idaho 2034 1934 1 5, 434 155 Universities and colleges . .. 16 34 1554 l 4, 307 155 Normal schools 1 34 134 424 Junior colleges _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 2 703 Illinois _ 41734 31234 5134 5334 60, 196 9, 646 Universities and colleges _ _ 339 24234 4834 48 43, 960 9, 417 Professional and technological schools _ . . . 3334 29 134 3 8, 340 157 Teachers colleges _ _ 26J4 2534 l 5,079 72 Junior colleges _ 19 1534 l 234 2,817 Indiana . . my 10534 634 18 28, 526 1, 975 Universities and colleges .. . .. . _ 93y 7834 334 12 23, 467 1,709 Professional and technological schools 734 634 1 1, 152 24 Teachers colleges . . . . . 1934 1534 3 1 3, 408 242 Junior colleges.. . 9 5 4 499 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 13 Table 3. — Library staff and student enrollment, 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution • Size of staff Student enroll¬ ment Total Profes¬ sional Sub- profes¬ sional Clerical and others Under¬ graduate Gradu¬ ate Iowa _ _ _ _ .. 171% 126 11% 34% 23, 625 2, 189 Universities and colleges . . _ . 128% 99% 11% 17% 19, 379 2, 189 2 2 102 10% 9% 1 1, 887 31% 15% 16 2, 257 Kansas _ _ _ . 115 103% 4% 7 23,553 1, 168 Universities and colleges . . . 76% 69% 3% 4 15, 582 812 13 12 1 2, 755 356 25% 22% 1 2 5, 216 Kentucky.. . _ 96% 80 3% 13% 16, 107 943 Universities and colleges _ _ 66% 45% 2% 8% 9,599 880 7 6 1 603 63 22 19 1 2 4, 301 11% 9% 2 1,604 Louisiana _ 113% 93% 3% 16% 23,122 1, 039 Universities and colleges _ _ 101% 82% 3% 15% 20, 931 1, 093 6 5 1 1, 716 1 1 42 5 5 433 Maine _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 22 4 4 5,036 79 Universities and colleges _ _ _ _ 26 19 4 3 4,270 78 Professional and technological schools _ . 1 1 65 1 Normal schools 2 1 1 300 Junior colleges 1 1 401 Maryland _ _ _ _ 102 75% 15 11% 16, 867 986 Universities and colleges _ _ 80 62 9 9 11, 930 986 Professional and technological schools _ _ 7 3% 3 % 3, 196 Teachers colleges . _ _ _ _ 10 6 3 1 1,009 Junior colleges . _ 5 4 1 732 Massachusetts . . 389% 215 55% 119% 37,764 5,044 Universities and colleges . . . . 317% 164% 50% 103 29, 585 4, 144 Professional and technological schools . . 52% 31% 4% 16% 4, 284 820 Teachers colleges. _ _ 10 10 2, 396 80 Normal schools . _ 1% 1% 404 Junior colleges.. _ _ 7% 7% 1, 095 Michigan . . . . 223% 170% 23 30 40,409 6, 031 Uni versities and colleges _ . _ _ 174% 135% 14 25 32, 132 5,741 Professional and technological schools _ 3% 3% 946 2 Teachers colleges _ _ _ . . . 16% 12% 2 2 4, *78 288 Normal schools _ _ 22 Junior colleges.. . . _ 29 19 7 3 2,331 Minnesota . . . . . 193% 116% 10% 66% 27, 674 1, 873 Universities and colleges . .. _ _ 154 86% 5% 61% 21, 187 1, 869 Professional and technological schools _ 5% 3% % 1 571 4 Teachers colleges _ _ 20 15 2 3 4, 141 Normal schools _ .. 1% 1% 64 Junior colleges .. _ . 12% 9% 2 1 1, 711 Mississippi _ _ 54% 48% 2 4 11, 635 163 Universities and colleges _ 29% 27% 1% % 6,872 163 Teachers colleges _ _ 4 3% % 932 Junior colleges... . 20% 17 % 3 3, 831 , 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 3. — Library staff and student enrollment , 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution Size of staff Student enroll¬ ment Total Profes¬ sional Sub- profes¬ sional Clerical and others Under¬ graduate Gradu¬ ate Missouri... _ _ . .. . 187H 12634 1034 5034 33, 865 1, 522 Universities and colleges _ . 93 70 534 1734 18,232 1, 522 16 y2 834 8 2, 181 43 19 3 21 7,380 35 29 2 4 6, 072 Montana _ 18M 18 34 5, 310 116 12 y2 12 34 3,600 104 1 1 305 12 3 3 651 1 1 335 1 1 419 Nebraska _ 56H 4634 434 534 15,063 553 Universities and colleges _ 46 3634 4 534 11, 741 553 57 8 8 2,743 1 1 90 13^ 1 34 432 Nevada _ 4 4 1, 022 103 4 4 1, 022 103 New Hampshire _ _ _ 76 40 1034 2534 4,995 135 Universities and colleges _ _ _ 69 M 34 1034 25 4, 327 135 Teachers colleges _ _ 2 2 204 Junior colleges _ _ _ _ _ 4 y2 4 34 464 New Jersey... . . . . . 156 H 9134 1134 5334 12, 594 765 Universities and colleges _ _ . . 110J* 5834 634 4534 6,043 388 Professional and technological schools. .. _ 24 % 17 3 434 3,848 342 Teachers colleges ... . _ 10 8 2 1,632 35 Junior colleges _ _ .. . . 1134 734 4 1,071 New Mexico... _ _ _ 1834 1534 1 2 3, 724 182 Universities and colleges _ _ _ 1234 1034 2 2. 340 182 Professional and technological schools l 1 162 Teachers colleges. . . . 3 3 566 Junior colleges _ 2 1 1 656 New York _ 900 M 518 5634 326 139, 630 32, 612 Universities and colleges _ ... 76434 424 5034 28934 120, 498 31, 768 Professional and technological schools _ 9734 62H 5 2934 13, 179 702 Teachers colleges _ _ _ 1034 934 34 1,752 142 Normal schools _ _ .. ... 1834 1534 3 3, 669 Junior colleges. . _ . _ _ 934 6 34 3 532 North Carolina . . . 19634 149 3334 14 26, 926 1,031 Universities and colleges. . _ _ 15334 11534 2734 1034 19, 427 1,020 Teachers colleges . .. . 1334 1334 3, 926 11 Normal schools. . _ _ l 1 136 Junior colleges. . . _ 2834 19 6 334 3,437 North Dakota. .. . _ 2334 1834 2 3 6,558 224 Universities and colleges . . _ ... 11 10 1 3, 555 224 Teachers colleges _ 1134 734 • 1 3 2,470 Junior colleges. _ _ ... l 1 533 Ohio. . . . . ... 35134 24134 2934 8134 64, 947 4, 050 Universities and colleges _ 33234 22534 28 79 62, 417 3, 929 Professional and technological schools . . 1534 13 34 234 2, 130 121 Teachers colleges _ 3 2 l 358 Junior colleges _ _ _ ... _ 34 34 42 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 15 Table 3. — Library staff and student enrollment , 1939-40 — Continued Size of staff State and type of institution Oklahoma _ _ _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools. Teachers colleges _ _ _ Junior colleges _ Oregon _ Universities and colleges . . . Normal schools _ _ _ Junior colleges _ _ Pennsylvania _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools Teachers colleges _ Junior colleges _ Rhode Island _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools South Carolina _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools. Normal schools _ Junior colleges! _ South Dakota _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools. Teachers colleges _ Normal schools _ Junior colleges _ Tennessee _ Universities and colleges _■ _ Professional and technological schools. Teachers colleges _ Normal schools _ _ - . Junior colleges _ Texas _ _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools . Teachers colleges _ Junior colleges _ Utah _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and. technological schools. Junior colleges _ _ _ Vermont . . . . _. Universities and colleges _ Normal schools _ Junior colleges _ Virginia _ _ _ _ Universities and colleges _ Professional and technological schools Teachers colleges _ Normal schools _ Junior colleges _ _ _ Total Profes¬ sional Sub- profes¬ sional 13 % 15 % 75 % 66 54 7% 2 424M2 337?4 44}4 35 7 64% 59% 5 48% 41% 2% 1 3 21% 14 2 1% 3% % 128 99% 1 11 15% 253% 153% 9 48 43M 35% 29% 6% 22% 19% 1 2 185 135 3154 8% 1 8% 13% 11% 61% 54% 4% 2 28253 21154 34%2 29 7 31% 30% 1 % 47% 40% 2% 1 3 19% 11% 2 1% 3% % 101 76 1 11 1 12 20154 11954 6 36 40 30 24 2154 1954 1 1 11154 7554 1954 7 1 854 52% 43% 7 2 2054 1654 1% 2 l 454 454 1 2054 1854 2 Student enroll¬ ment Clerical and others Under¬ graduate Gradu¬ ate 4 11% 8% 3 8954 82% 254 4 2654 2454 2 17 1654 % 3154 1754 iH 10 2H 1 % % 53% 41% 10 154 27, 512 17, 423 150 6,345 3, 594 11, 603 9, 465 1,314 824 68, 752 52, 309 6, 748 9, 022 673 4, 192 3, 745 447 12, 197 11, 323 209 77 5,421 3, 137 394 793 945 152 19, 162 13, 340 372 3, 364 410 1, 676 63, 801 41, 358 2, 199 9, 923 10, 321 10, 464 15 1,757 3, 432 2,931 54 217 284 13, 772 4,289 2,961 241 1, 432 1, 149 1,149 636 7, 915 7,628 270 17 339 339 136 118 18 94 1,115 1,112 3,316 2,136 451 729 535 535 354 239 560835 14 - 2 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 Table 3. — Library staff and student enrollment , 1939-40 — Continued State and type of institution Size of staff Student enroll¬ ment Total Profes¬ sional Sub- profes¬ sional Clerical and others Under¬ graduate Gradu¬ ate Washington _ ... . . _ ... 124 J4 7334 3 48 20, 191 1,418 Universities and colleges . . _ . _ _ . 102H 57 1 4434 16, 333 1, 414 Teachers colleges. .. . . . 14 11 2 1 2,681 4 8 534 234 1, 177 West Virginia _ 44 M 36K 4H 3M 11, 734 370 Universities and 'colleges _ ..... . 32^ 253* 4 3 8, 994 370 9 834 34 2,412 3 234 34 328 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ 60 55 334 1 H 16, 224 367 Universities and colleges . .. ... ... .... 2834 26 1 134 7, 058 367 Professional and technological schools 1 1 200 Teachers colleges 30 2734 2 x 8, 816 Normal schools . _ _ _ _ Yi 34 150 Wyoming _ 7 6 l 1,949 88 Universities and colleges.. ..... _ 7 6 1 1, 949 88 Outlying parts of the United States. 34 25 2 7 9, 325 278 Alaska: Universities and colleges _ _ 1 1 229 Canal Zone: .Ttininr mllppps 1 1 143 Hawaii: Universities and colleges... . . 17 10 • 2 6 2,268 228 Philippine Islands: Universities and colleges . _ _ 4 4 2,580 26 Puerto Rico: Universities and colleges _ 11 9 2 4,105 24 Source of Income The precise determination of college library income is not a simple matter. Institutional accounting systems differ, and receipt items on statistical blanks are especially open to misunderstanding. In many institutions, items such as library salaries and building maintenance are charged not against a library budget but against a general institu¬ tional fund. Endowed institutions allocate certain sums for their libraries, but it is not always possible to specify which part comes from interest on endowment and which from tuition or other sources. Like¬ wise, allocations from publicly controlled institutions may represent tax money, tuition, and some endowment interest. Colleges con¬ trolled by churches also present the problem of evaluating contrib¬ uted services. It is with these limitations in mind, therefore, that the facts in the summary of receipts (table 4) should be considered. Of the total COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 17 receipts reported, $15,975,434, or 83.3 percent, was in the form of an allocation from the institutional budget, an amount which included $164,370 listed as State or city grants made specifically to the library. Income from endowment and invested funds specifically designated for library purposes amounted to $1,644,702, or 8 percent of the total. This latter amount also included gifts of money made for current operating expenses. Library fees, including only those which were credited directly to the library budget, aggregated $835,499, or 4 percent of the total. Other income, which comprised fines and sales of publications when credited directly to the library budget and miscellaneous sources, amounted to $600,605, or 3 percent. Table 4. — Operating receipts r 1939—40 State and type of institution Total Institu¬ tional allocation Income from en¬ dowments and gifts Library fees Other income Continental United States _ . _ $19, 056, 240 $15,975, 434 $1, 644, 702 $835, 499 $600, 605 Universities and colleges _ _ _ - - 15, 402, 776 12,790,038 1, 396. 008 695, 577 521, 153 Professional and technological schools . . 866, 215 701, 778 131, 620 10* 358 22, 459 Teachers colleges - . - - _ - . 1, 611, 436 1, 460, 956 49, 182 81, 641 19, 657 Normal schools .. ... . - _ - 113, 760 110, 465 1, 141 . 733 1,421 Junior colleges _ . _ 1, 062, 053 912, 197 66, 751 47,190 35, 915 Alabama _ . . ... _ $230. 878 $203, 934 $1, 149 $20, 865 $4,930 Universities and colleges _ ... ... ... _ 192, 685 167, 002 700 20, 445 4,538 Teachers colleges 30,457 30. 276 45 136 Junior colleges - - _ . . . 7,736 6,656 404 284 392 Abizona _ _ _ _ 72, 970 62, 072 1,000 9,898 Universities and colleges 40. 160 40, 160 Teachers colleges .. _ _ 24.664 14,766 9,898 Junior colleges _ _ - .. _ 8, 146 7, 146 1,000 Arkansas.. . . . . ... 119, 898 107, 421 1,570 7,199 3,708 Universities and colleges . _ 91, 132 86, 292 35 2. 035 2,770 Teachers colleges _ _ _ _ _ . 16. 033 14, 521 1,400 112 Junior colleges _ 12, 733 6,608 135 5,164 826 California... . . .. .. . . 1, 447, 783 1, 280, 737 25,615 60, 490 80,941 Universities and colleges _ ... . 1,029,887 883, 923 24,110 47, 138 74. 716 Professional and technological schools 32, 894 31, 247 1, 405 242 Teachers colleges _ _ _ .... 130, 373 119, 577 7,987 2.809 Junior colleges... _ 254,629 245,990 100 5, 365 3,174 Colorado _ _ _ _ _ 242, 748 175, 477 21, 019 21,284 24.968 Universities and colleges _ ... ... 173, 277 121. 237 17, 344 10,284 24,412 Professional and technological schools 8,841 7,325 1.516 Teachers colleges . . _ ... _ 42. 380 30, 815 3,000 8,312 253 Junior colleges _ _ . _ _ 18,250 16, 100 675 1, 172 303 Connecticut... _ _ 684, 717 421, 699 199, 621 55,796 7, 001 Universities and colleges... . . _ 639. 050 376, 302 199, 621 55, 796 7,331 Professional and technological schools 26. 432 26,222 210 Teachers colleges 18, 550 18, 490 60 Normal schools 185 185 Junior colleges 500 500 Delaware 25, 603 24,980 492 131 Universities and colleges 25,603 24,980 492 131 District of Columbia . . . 173, 027 163,839 3,706 107 5, 375 Universities and colleges _ ...... ... 145, 511 136, 433 3,668 107 5, 303 Profr^sioPfll an3 342, 795 8 4,908 83 220 3, 905 36 Stanford University 82 59 431 University of California— 37 Berkeley Campus 45, 738 27, 300 1,081, 151 347, 480 ' 10,463 54, 150 367, 537 158, 777 616, 557 256, 706 89 83% 46 75% 45 1% 6% 13, 236 7, 630 2,963 sen 38 Los Angeles Campus 39 Riverside Campus 429 OOU 2 40 San Francisco Campus 2,540 20, 014 P7) 79 230 223 41 University of Redlands. _ 2, 775 55, 581 60, 550 22, 975 2,200 5, 720 6,000 77 73 4 718 1, 122 64 42 University of San Francisco _ 700 25 43 University of Santa Clara 6, 836 46, 016 9, 168 163, 858 3, 015 76% 513 44 University of Southern Cali¬ fornia. 19, 249 274, 524 248, 996 79 55 4,304 1,777 45 Whittier College _ 2,037 43, 574 6,990 8 9, 565 6RL6 A CQK A A Colorado UU72 o oyo 33 46 Colorado College... 2,671 3, 835 117, 262 96, 577 26, 195 21, 334 43, 134 69, 122 82% 4 7 4C AG, 47 Colorado State College of Agri¬ 74% 9 1,873 40 culture and Mechanic Arts. 48 Loretto Heights College 560 14, 484 46, 466 307, 387 94, 892 5,301 18, 786 17, 129 11. 514 57% 43% 87 2% g 200 234 3,801 2, 697 49 Regis College _ 2,889 13, 805 7.6631 50 University of Colorado 45, 716 i 75,849 9 880, 602 100,068 410 556 51 University of Denver. ... 70% 40? 2 12% For footnotes see page 104. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 37 institutions of higher education, 1939-40 — Continued Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Income Books, Other, Institu- from 04- period¬ exclud¬ Capital tional endow- Library Other Library fc'tU- dent icals, ing outlay alloca- ments fees income 3 staff binding, building tion 2 and wages and re¬ mainte¬ gifts binding nance $15, 024 $10, 655 $3, 929 $440 $15, 018 $6, 780 $1, 875 $5, 748 $615 $29, 364 32, 709 28, 992 $550 338 2, 829 32, 709 13, 933 122 14, 306 4, 348 121, 684 15, 037 14, 653 384 14, 653 8, 010 1,258 5, 221 164 243 3, 992 3, 965 27 3, 661 2, 139 425 1,027 70 5^ 984 5,763 150 71 5, 763 2, 940 1, 265 1,396 162 150 1,597 1,200 397 1,302 1,200 100 2 5,800 5,800 5,800 2,305 790 2, 002 703 101, 407 84, 839 15, 781 787 96, 621 37, 130 10, 361 41, 078 8, 052 2, 639 40, 160 40,160 38, 963 17, 148 3,290 16, 535 1, 990 1, 189 5,856 5,759 97 5, 856 2,580 1,017 2,028 231 31 31 105 82 23 » 1, 475 1,475 » 1, 475 1,475 1,706 1,706 1,706 495 352 823 36 8, 749 8,200 549 8, 524 4,200 1,546 2,601 177 4,500 2,500 2,000 3,200 2,000 1,000 200 5, 169 5, 112 57 4, 169 1,293 1,161 1,583 132 117 6, 183 4, 100 35 2, 012 36 3, 769 2, 217 1,374 178 383 57, 463 57,440 23 56, 357 23, 440 5, 023 26, 174 1, 720 516 3,912 3,365 16 503 28 3, 912 425 2,275 1,012 200 14, 272 13, 831 441 11,988 5, 640 2, 972 2, 885 491 13, 842 13, 671 171 9, 139 3, 625 2,340 2,877 297 4,703 3,190 2,411 625 154 3, 133 1,200 1,857 76 54 2, 375 2, 093 250 32 2, 375 900 500 950 25 5, 747 4,500 290 957 4, 559 2,240 200 1, 970 149 68 24, 592 19, 596 3, 370 1,626 23, 639 13,|80 2,232 7, 127 700 964 24, 528 20, 025 3, 396 1,107 20,609 9,029 1, 713 8,340 1, 527 226 1,200 1,200 1,200 600 581 19 9,259 8,681 578 9, 259 4,600 (12) 2 869 1, 790 176, 888 « 176, 888 176, 888 114, 455 50,’ 041 12, 392 600, 000 373, 623 299, 999 9, 884 u 63, 740 329, 938 137, 903 61, 843 113, 921 16, 271 184, 830 184, 230 600 184, 830 83, 480 12, 000 83, 800 5, 550 6, 300 6, 300 5, 567 3,000 2,316 251 438 20, 053 19, 386 667 18, 861 8, 224 650 8, 381 1,606 334 17, 631 17, 328 303 16, 832 6, 679 2, 999 6, 442 712 496 2, 725 1,500 150 1,000 75 1, 385 (18) 1, 350 35 5, 090 5,000 90 4, 295 2,000 900 1, 077 318 17, 480 14, 495 1, 310 1, 335 340 17, 409 7, 990 2,989 5,690 740 24, 842 22, 601 20, 366 872 1, 363 22, 352 16, 641 971 3, 494 1,246 239 5, 656 4, 575 220 737 124 5, 502 4, 040 1, 312 150 91 4, 655 3, 052 500 943 160 4, 655 3,080 300 975 300 85, 881 63, 770 .22, 111 80, 197 33, 973 11,344 30, 580 4, 300 2,171 37,004 14, 979 15, 314 6,397 314 35, 956 15, 459 5, 258 13, 501 1,738 867 © a 13 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. — Statistics of the libraries of the 6 £ ® a 3 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 Name of institution Book stock Circulation Total hours open per week Total staff Students 1 Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year Number of vol¬ umes at end of year Home use Re¬ served books Under¬ grad¬ uate Grad¬ uate UNIVERSITIES AND C O LLE Q E S — C ontinued Ohio— Continued 2,524 45, 169 4, 437 1,599 79 2*4 304 Lake Erie College. . - 1, 148 29, 128 5,798 5 1, 933 65*$ 2 170 Marietta College _ _ _ _ 1, 525 116,618 8, 971 21, 120 84*$ 3 423 ' 674 14, 300 55 6, 096 77 1 162 4 Miami University _ 7,021 158, 988 137, 256 185, 881 82*$ 8 3, 142 62 1, 141 62, 177 15, 060 16, 724 59 3*$ 604 Muskingum College _ 1, 906 29, 600 18, 469 3, 029 67*$ 23 3 733 Notre Dame College... . . 626 19, 053 9, 607 5 2, 991 74 3 183 Oberlin College _ _ _ _ 9,870 404, 715 118,506 33, 587 79*$ 35*4 1, 800 113 Ohio Northern University _ 1,600 31, 751 13, 350 76 *$ 1 741 Ohio State University _ .. 34, 675 552, 904 224, 259 1, 288, 141 83 11,466 1,761 Ohio University _ .. 8, 806 127, 630 144, 098 106, 234 77*$ 9 3, 604 116 Ohio Wesleyan University - 3, 132 158, 141 28, 692 97, 682 83 8 1,383 32 Otterbein College _ ._ 919 28, 818 7, 622 18, 266 68*$ 2*4 416 Our Ladv of Cincinnati College. 1,350 10, 000 8,858 53 4 157 St. Mary of the Springs College. 540 23, 812 5, 690 751*42 1 160 University of Akron _ _ 2, 831 54, 896 27, 433 91, 342 69 9 2, 902 199 University of Cincinnati _ 20, 096 491, 537 50, 934 333, 419 69 35*$ 9, 888 692 University of Dayton. _ _ _ 2, 127 35, 178 9, 865 72 3 631 Western College ... . . _. '823 41, 046 8,227 28. 552 77*$ 2 301 Western Reserve University... 13, 800 554, 500 55, 830 71,166 79 39*4 7, 172 839 Wilberforce University.. . 2, 229 20, 000 18, 616 27, 096 71 5 722 Wilmington College.. . . 316 17, 025 51 1 268 Wittenberg College _ 1,062 62, 240 12, 977 20, 903 76*$ 4 918 1 Xavier University 2, 358 78, 452 46*$ 7 1,269 Youngstown College _ 3, 625 19, 200 9, 204 * 3, 965 73 2 1,093 Oklahoma Bethany-Peniel College 8,800 50*4 1 317 Catholic College of Oklahoma 314 8,824 82 1*$ 71 for Women. Colored Agricultural and Nor¬ 946 8,500 4,817 54,846 59 2 885 mal University. Oklahoma Agricultural and 8, 567 139, 435 56, 786 166, 162 82*$ 15*$ 5,423 433 Mechanical College. Oklahoma Baptist University.. 915 13, 000 6,729 28, 946 81*$ 2 682 Oklahoma City University _ 488 12, 633 8, 795 12, 980 58*4 1 789 15 Oklahoma College for Women.. 3, 753 26, 749 62 17, 160 67*$ 3 931 Panhandle Agricultural and 225 9,587 26, 400 1,080 52 • (63) 408 Mechanical College. Phillips University. _ _ 4,297 36, 682 32, 855 7, 326 78*4 4 464 93 University of Oklahoma _ 10, 743 217, 053 99, 590 266, 676 82 15 6,372 563 University of Tulsa _ 3,914 58, 982 16, 342 35, 586 70 5 1,081 45 Oregon Albany College _ . 275 16, 335 54% 1 211 9 Linfield College .. 27, 095 25, 119 23, 647 78*$ 1*$ 521 Marvlhurst College 600 17, 827 9, 036 10, 550 57 2 201 Mount. Angel College and 2, 750 35, 000 43*$ 172 Seminary. Oregon State College. . . 8, 794 172, 951 78, 880 274, 140 85*$ 23*$ 3, 262 341 Pacific College. . _ _ 432 9. 569 1,622 2,283 45 * 1 92 Pacific University 809 28, 809 5,115 61*$ 1*$ 328 Reed College. _ .. _ . 2, 309 68, 063 28, 471 i« 37, 582 92 4*$ 535 19 University of Oregon... _ _ 11, 760 307, 603 110, 590 470, 010 87*4 29*4 3,365 236 Willamette University _ 1,450 25,000 23, 665 19, 517 79*$ 2 778 31 Pennsylvania Albright College _ 375 19, 000 2,329 12,500 79 7 358 Allegheny College _ 3, 650 90, 730 23, 250 28, 138 76 5*4 684 9 Beaver College 1,930 19, 568 9,848 17, 600 74 2 628 Bryn Mawr College _ 5, 379 171, 192 36, 670 92 12 435 145 Bucknell University _ _ 9, 660 78, 281 21,281 20, 735 73 6 1,465 24 For footnotes see page 104. COLLEGE AtfD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 53 institutions of higher education, 1939-40 — Continued Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Income Books, Other, Capital Institu- from periodi¬ exclud¬ tional endow- Library Other Total 4 Library Student cals, ing outlay alloca- ments fees income 3 staff wages binding building tion 2 and and re¬ mainte¬ gifts binding nance _ L $13, 820 $8, 820 $5, 000 $10, 170 $3, 820 $850 $4, 708 $792 8, 419 8; 011 ' 408 7, 999 3, 950 2,063 1, 679 307 $305 9,683 7; 694 1, 864 $125 9, 553 4,709 734 3, 576 534 28 725 600 125 720 720 32, 683 31, 700 983 32, 683 16, 150 3,900 12, 183 450 14; 055 13; 897 67 91 12, 424 6i 7, 450 944 3,742 288 131 10, 373 10, 193 180 10, 068 3, 725 1, 892 4, 173 278 125 9, 867 2, 263 404 $830 6, 370 8, 972 6, 300 1, 019 1, 514 139 95, 594 78, 567 16, 214 813 89, 760 57, 106 1, 167 26, 804 4,683 906 7, 794 36 7, 744 14 5, 721 1, 600 108 3, 801 212 32 229, 456 193, 851 3,530 30, 000 2, 075 226, 165 96, 800 25, 416 97, 051 6,898 3, 533 37, 101 28, 808 8, 293 36, 844 20, 313 3, 792 11, 901 838 247 20, 018 16, 395 3,596 27 18, 518 7, 886 2,694 6,923 1, 015 214 6, 773 6, 670 24 79 6,300 2, 835 888 2, 377 200 5, 166 211 1,245 3, 710 5, 166 26 3, 700 1, 150 316 2,202 1, 328 846 28 2, 274 1, 150 1,013 111 22; 103 22, 103 21, 737 13, 403 771 6, 854 709 255 93, 264 64; 429 27, 780 736 319 92, 673 53, 207 3,859 32, 939 2,668 591 3, 800 3, 800 3, 800 (JO) 3,544 256 7, 154 7, 002 152 7, 052 3, 580 700 2, 636 136 100, 667 76, 738 23, 929 98, 963 60, 603 (12) 34, 663 3, 697 1, 704 16. 636 8, 815 1, 506 6, 211 104 13, 764 7,100 1, 018 5, 078 568 1, 898 3, 210 3,210 3, 210 2,000 500 710 10, 494 6,839 400 3,090 165 8, 914 4,296 1, 019 3,498 101 17, 719 2,340 12, 788 2,505 86 9, 135 2,340 6, 514 281 130 2,924 2,924 2, 924 1, 751 851 322 503 500 3 537 496 41 5,394 3,650 1, 744 5, 426 2,900 (2°) 2,400 126 477 70, 156 29, 600 1, 145 30, 868 8,543 66, 028 28, 542 11, 451 23, 967 2,068 1,891 3, 000 3,000 2, 936 1, 188 735 859 154 2, 760 2,760 2,208 1,200 858 150 6, 279 2, 280 3, 733 266 6, 279 3, 545 1, 300 1, 434 1, 126 1, 100 26 1, 109 275 495 284 55 7,680 3, 720 440 2,457 1,063 6,802 3, 720 410 1,593 1, 079 284 61, 828 39, 968 20, 315 1, 545 61, 828 24, 067 10, 748 23, 398 3, 615 21,812 11, 141 10, 671 15, 196 5, 802 1, 375 7,415 604 395 3,300 3, 300 3, 300 (20) (20) 3, 000 300 780 718 62 683 608 75 96 603 600 3 603 603 81, 938 81, 938 77, 926 42, 522 11,889 20, 830 2,685 1, 721 1,966 520 350 1,096 906 512 (20) 344 50 3, 231 2,929 302 3, 231 1,800 181 917 333 12, 911 12, 703 117 91 12, 911 6, 403 594 5, 428 486 249 88, 454 86, 423 2,031 84, 375 43, 059 11, 970 25, 632 3, 714 1,323 9, 456 9, 042 414 9, 456 3,542 1, 000 4,179 735 6, 724 6,114 400 194 16 6, 337 1, 875 2, 894 1,189 379 387 15, 370 14, 873 497 15, 370 8, 154 888 5, 613 715 18, 275 7, 279 7, 279 6,400 2, 600 300 3, 200 300 100 39, 233 36, 619 1,977 136 501 39, 143 20, 805 814 16, 587 937 207, 000 23, 425 21, 913 1,512 23, 214 10, 850 1,135 10, 479 750 192 o' fc 35% 1 472 > For footnotes see page 104. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 57 institutions of higher education , 1939-40 — Continued • Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Capital outlay Total Institu¬ tional alloca¬ tion 2 Income from endow¬ ments and gifts Library fees Other income 3 Total 4 Library staff Student wages Books, periodi¬ cals, binding and re¬ binding Other, exclud¬ ing building mainte¬ nance $8,227 $8, 227 $6, 305 $4, 174 $245 $1, 800 $86 $1, 922 10, 838 10,838 10, 038 3, 438 6, 100 500 800 33, 098 16', 752 $13, 865 $2, 481 30, 630 16, 752 566 11, 227 2, 085 19’ 663 19' 663 19, 663 11, 344 1, 800 6, 292 227 5, 506 5', 347 159 4, 812 1,800 390 2, 622 150 2, 426 2,426 1, 609 (2°) (20) 1,485 124 214 4, 435 3,420 l' 015 3,380 1, 320 600 1,390 70 3’ 440 3, 440 3, 439 1, 600 246 1, 513 80 14, 751 9' 212 4, 037 1,502 14, 751 6, 212 1, 255 6, 716 568 20, 015 20, 015 20, 015 9,265 2,150 7.990 610 1,498 731 5 762 1,031 813 218 5,236 5, 236 5, 236 2, 500 1, 600 1,086 50 4, 400 3, 350 $1, 000 50 4, 400 1, 800 900 1,500 200 18, 955 18, 789 1 166 18, 767 13, 428 684 3, 766 889 124, 949 67, 147 18, 056 34, 601 5, 145 118, 423 49, 223 14, 784 48, 682 5, 734 1, 784-1 1,207 1,207 1,207 540 125 500 42 4, 027 900 2, 627 390 110 1, 579 755 147 649 28 500 505 500 5 495 485 10 4, 325 3, 200 1, 110 15 3, 603 2, 050 400 1,068 85 5, 100 5, 100 4, 487 3, 200 1, 249 38 8, 458 7, 608 768 82 8, 458 3, 780 742 3, 629 307 2,496 2, 496 2, 496 1, 579 (20) 855 62 10, 566 3, 397 10 6, 373 786 10, 566 3, 757 725 5,624 460 1, 574 779 795 1, 574 1, 574 6, 675 6,675 6, 675 2, 250 1,025 3, 300 100 5,214 4,499 651 64 5,037 66 2, 347 915 1,672 103 1, 091 1, 091 1, 091 800 145 146 13, 146 12, 849 297 11, 505 5,007 2, 500 3, 660 338 9, 089 3,859 57 14 5, 159 8, 793 3, 069 28 5, 305 391 53, 081 51, 920 923 238 52, 032 29, 220 2, 890 17, 425 2, 497 1, 180 1, 180 1, 180 500 500 180 4,787 4, 576 211 4, 787 2, 540 43 2, 204 48, 619 36, 631 513 11, 475 47, 593 22,000 977 22, 328 2,288 1,415 1, 201 1, 197 4 1, 390 1. 000 383 7 42, 669 19, 000 22, 624 1, 045 37, 005 6, 169 12, 618 16, 555 1,663 2, 483 1,276 1, 207 3, 454 1, 050 919 1,485 1, 833 954 879 1, 255 1 945 (20) 310 569 7, 541 7, 404 137 7, 541 3, 565 (12) 3, 436 540 2, 306 > 1,863 . 1 435 8 3,165 1 1,200 135 1, 780 50 6 Z ® a 3 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 539 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. — Statistics of the libraries of the 6 £ = 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 Name of institution Book stock Circulation Total hours open per week Total staff Students 1 Num her of vol¬ umes added during year Number of vol¬ umes at end of year Home use Re¬ served books Under¬ grad¬ uate Grad¬ uate UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES— Continued Texas— Continued 1, 187 30,754 73,061 55,400 67 1214 537 599 4, 500 10, 550 39 1 154 Mary Hardin — Baylor College.- 475 24, 550 5, 328 14, 361 69 2 404 250 13, 326 15,127 53 u 399 Our Lady of the Lake College.. . 2,319 43, 151 54, 306 4,700 67^4 4 384 157 6, 950 9,163 42 \207 Kansas City Junior College _ 304 20, 554 25, 631 50 1 1, 301 208 Kemper Military School _ 478 6, 973 9,665 69 2 286 209 Lincoln Junior College 62 .. ... 210 Moberly Junior College . _ 430 5, 935 39% 1 226 211 Monett Junior College _ 837 6, 965 13, 200 48 2% 119 212 St. Joseph Junior College . . 569 5, 875 17 13, 061 (,7) 40% 1 443 213 St. Paul’s College,. _ _ 416 10| 967 10 (7J) 90 214 St. Theresa Junior College _ 483 8, 750 6, 168 3, 352 63 1 128 215 Southwest Baptist College _ 176 7, 497 8, 420 5, 200 54 1 247 216 Stephens College .. _ _ 3. 296 28, 863 66,222 75, 642 89% 12% 1, 558 217 Trenton Junior College _ _ 434 5, 378 40 1 90 218 Wentworth Military Academy- 1, 714 6. 039 3,207 30 1 158 219 William Woods College 599 11,053 7,815 15, 659 79% 2 313 Montana 220 Northern Montana College 930 12, 256 15,060 25,901 78 1 419 Nebraska 221 Luther College _ ... .. _ 224 5,935 57 1 110 222 McCook Junior College , .. 300 2, 011 45 % 155 223 Scottsbluff Junior College .. 40 1, 112 45 167 New Hampshire 224 Colby Junior College for 1,567 11, 853 10, 516 «2,229 68% 3% 335 Women. 225 Stoneleigh College. .. .. ... 311 4, 041 1,310 4,587 75% J 129 New Jersey 226 Bergen Junior College _ _ 630 4, 703 5, 770 48% 1 407 227 Centenary Collegiate Institute- 672 7,303 4, 277 408 168 % 154 228 Union Junior College _ .. 181 3,157 2,440 1, 355 25 10 5K) For footnotes see pages 104 and 105. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 97 institutions of higher education , 1939—40 — Continued Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Income Books, Other, Capital Institu- from periodi¬ exclud¬ tional endow- Library Other Total 4 Library Student cals, ing outlay alloca- ments fees income 3 staff wages binding building tion2 and and re¬ mainte¬ gifts binding nance $298 $25 $198 $75 $298 48 $298 765 $600 25 140 965 $600 $135 230 2,498 1, 000 1,498 2, 498 1,166 297 1,000 $35 1,807 1,807 1,807 1,000 207 576 24 $140 2, 293 2, 250 43 2, 194 1, 500 674 20 1,765 i;705 60 1,762 1, 080 (20) 625 57 2, 390 2, 365 25 2,390 1, 375 965 50 1, 756 1, 743 13 1,629 1,080 (20) 529 20 127 2, 770 2,230 540 2, 452 1,493 614 270 75 2, 747 2,747 2,747 1, 320 (20) 1,370 57 1, 571 900 671 1,487 900 580 7 960 829 122 9 953 675 54 215 9 400 400 400 250 150 2, 463 1,800 650 13 2,108 1,575 503 30 300 562 ' 562 562 552 10 1,388 1,368 20 1, 380 418 350 552 60 750 480 467 13 398 267 113 18 2,592 2, 592 2,592 1, 294 298 773 227 500 500 500 (18) (18) 500 4, 021 3,964 57 3, 826 2, 417 320 1,089 25 620 600 20 620 (2°) 600 20 388 105 139 144 355 105 228 22 1,609 316 1, 279 14 1, 609 900 703 6 5, 850 5, 850 5, 657 4, 644 1, 013 2,578 2,578 2, 578 759 262 1, 557 208 1,046 1,000 46 1,046 732 289 25 2,225 -2,150 75 2,225 800 375 1, 000 50 917 885 32 917 (2°) (20) 857 60 416 99 307 10 344 95 199 50 1, 856 1,478 42 336 1, 713 765 _ 862 86 135 2,094 2,094 2, 094 1,020 468 454 152 35, 019 35, 019 35, 005 22, 898 2,400 8, 395 1,312 1,825 1,800 25 1, 619 945 (20) 624 50 818 800 18 1,550 650 775 125 3,269 3,219 50 3, 219 1, 750 1,305 164 100 4, 930 4, 500 300 130 4,775 2,500 2,125 150 60 1, 515 908 587 20 870 400 450 20 500 320 200 120 317 294 23 505 500 5 500 (20) 500 10, 305 10,229 76 9,446 5,116 400 2, 691 1,239 89 830 779 51 830 400 424 6 2, 858 2,850 8 3, 072 1, 350 (20) 1,669 53 2, 269 1,870 379 20 2, 269 1, 550 492 • 227 2,800 2,800 3,283 890 520 1,800 73 6 53 a 3 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 8-40 Table 12. — Statistics of the libraries of the Line No. Name of institution Book stock Circulation Total hours open per week Total staff Students 2 Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year Number of vol¬ umes at end of year Home use Re¬ served books Under¬ grad¬ uate Grad¬ uate JUNIOR COLLEGES— Continued New Mexico 229 Eastern New Mexico Junior 1, 392 9,614 15,441 49, 517 67 2 656 College. New York 230 918 8,302 4, 620 91 H 2 103 231 222 13, 940 1, 494 108H 2*4 90 232 909 6, 809 4, 850 83 3 224 233 374 12, 273 15, 310 50H 2 115 Collegiate institute. North Carolina 234 263 5,960 21, 696 75 1 143 235 287 38, 287 91 1*4 135 236 Boiling Springs Junior College. 212 4, 163 1, 699 812 59>$ l 89 237 578 7, 348 6, 822 6,443 58 1 394 238 613 6, 394 6, 927 41, 659 62*4 2*4 305 239 1,118 10, 157 3, 455 13, 539 57 1*4 274 240 Mars Hill College . _ '718 14, 689 42,457 15, 573 67*4 2 *4 740 241 Mitchell College 250 5, 454 53*4 4 157 242 Montreat College 150 10, 101 68 214 243 Peace, a Junior College for 430 6, 522 4, 042 73 39 1 253 Women. 244 Pfeiffer Junior College 325 5, 100 2, 956 4, 115 5854 1 189 245 Pineland Junior College _ 1, 925 7, 220 3,097 43 1 87 246 Presbyterian Junior College 410 7, 051 63 m 89 for Men. 247 St. Genevieve-of-the-pines 250 8, 270 1, 450 39 i 52 Junior College. 248 Saint Mary’s School and 933 8,337 4,397 1,799 87*4 2 180 Junior College. 249 Wingate College _ . _ 1,535 5, 962 365 45 49 6 136 North Dakota 250 North Dakota State School of 163 9, 064 4,787 50 1 533 Science. Ohio 251 Urbana Junior College 410 14, 967 45 *4 42 Oklahoma 252 Altus Junior College _ 44 1, 824 40 210 253 Bacone Junior College 1, 181 10, 033 18, 568 15, 012 54*4 1 87 254 Bristow Junior College 675 7,901 48*4 1 117 255 Cameron State Agricultural 580 10, 129 7, 208 3, 261 45 1 750 College. * 256 Capitol Hill Junior College 92 257 Connors State Agricultural 8 2,986 550 135 35 1 492 College. 258 Eastern Oklahoma Agricultural 196 4,712 6, 565 2,775 44 1 424 and Mechanical College. 259 Kiowa County Junior College 92 260 Monte Cassino Junior College.. 168 3,985 2,157 2, 936 54 2 99 261 Muskogee Junior College . 90 4, 329 (72) 84 262 Northeastern Oklahoma Junior 646 5,636 16, 249 12, 275 50*4 231 College. 263 Oklahoma Military Academy.. 120 3, 569 4,680 1,240 49 2 183 264 Okmulgee Junior College.— . 104 1, 179 4, 477 w 237 40 *4 111 265 Sapulpa Junior College 66 556 5, 058 i# 922 40 2*4 82 266 Seminole Junior College.. 47 2, 355 40 *4 117 267 University Preparatory School 189 7, 295 1, 490 57H 1 H 529 and Junior College. 268 Woodward Junior College 83 _ 75 2, 624 35 Vi 78 For footnotes see pages 104 and 105. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 99 institutions of higher education , 1939-40 — Continued Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Income Books, Other, Capital Institu- from periodi¬ exclud¬ Total tional endow- Library Other Library Student cals. ing outlay d >7 all oca- ments fees income 3 staff wages binding building a tion * and and re¬ mainte¬ c gifts binding nance 3 $9, 335 $9,300 $15 $7,988 b $4,000 $1, 266 $2, 257 $465 $253 229 4, 719 4, 285 434 4, 401 2,200 2, 184 17 129 230 803 645 150 $8 745 75 642 28 58 231 5,223 5, 100 123 5, 205 3,600 1,410 195 232 3^ 145 3^ 021 95 29 3,118 2,506 524 88 233 2,715 837 1, 582 $286 10 2,407 1, 225 345 827 10 357 234 1, 101 1, 101 1, 101 600 366 135 235 1,022 982 40 1, 012 *6 600 247 165 236 2, 122 2, 064 58 2, 122 1, 275 256 555 36 237 2,305 2,305 2, 106 1, 125 168 721 92 27 238 1,364 1,032 305 27 1, 337 735 548 54 27 239 4,880 4, 375 75 430 4, 603 2, 150 770 1,502 181 240 2,000 2,000 1, 198 675 240 240 43 241 242 3,249 3,206 43 3, 236 36 1, 210 1,246 710 70 243 1,047 1,000 47 1, 175 6« 500 620 55 244 2,009 1,600 400 9 1, 953 1,300 135 480 38 20 245 402 402 402 105 225 72 246 1, 455 1, 200 250 5 526 270 (2°) 256 100,000 247 21, 122 19, 919 813 390 4, 735 2, 753 235 1, 472 275 15, 996 248 1, 955 1, 955 1, 955 1,000 800 125 30 249 1,597 1, 596 1 1,597 1, 300 270 27 250 1, 141 970 171 1,039 470 119 445 5 251 650 650 657 ' 250 (2°) 382 25 252 3,830 2,871 2, 595 959 3,830 900 959 1, 925 46 _ 253 2, 675 80 2, 675 1, 675 806 194 254 1, 907 1, 907 1, 907 1, 332 575 255 256 681 191 486 4 681 450 96 55 80 257 1,463 1, 454 9 1, 456 1,203 253 258 259 563 535 28 553 544 9 260 285 285 355 20 324 11 261 2,430 1,500 930 2,430 1,500 915 15 262 525 510 15 525 (2°) 475 50 263 126 120 6 126 122 4 264 118 116 2 106 106 12 265 1,690 1, 690 1,400 165 125 266 2, 179 1, 600 538 41 2, 145 1, 470 665 10 267 1,310 1,310 1,310 1, 150 j (30) 160 268 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. — Statistics of the libraries of the Line No. Name of institution Book stock Circulation Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year Number of vol¬ umes at end of year Home use Re¬ served books JUNIOR COLLEGES— Continued Oregon 269 Multnomah College _ _ 561 5,192 2,865 17, 549 270 St. Helen’s Hall Junior College. 151 5,448 3,725 3, 328 Pennsylvania 271 Alliance College _ 619 6,478 1,937 1, 176 979. 76 623 782 273 Ogontz Junior College _ . 140 10, 534 274 Scranton — Keystone Junior 664. 9, 339 6,817 College. 275 Williamsport Dickinson Semi- 628 9, 559 4, 526 5,027 nary and Junior College. 276 stitute.92 “ South Carolina 277 30 6,073 8,629 278 Coulter Memorial Academy _ 346 5,703 35 275 279 Textile Industrial Institute _ 280 Wesleyan Methodist College... 96 3, 246 South Dakota 281 Freeman Junior College _ 223 5, 178 17 7, 595 282 Wessington Springs College.... 100 7,500 500 Tennessee 283 David Lipscomb College . 593 7, 110 6, 284 25, 008 284 Freed-Hardeman College... _ 300 6, 550 452 285 Hiwassee College _ 249 5, 044 4, 871 1,092 286 Morristoyrn Normal and In¬ 68 7,001 « 20, 550 48 200 dustrial College. 287 Southern Junior College. _ 436 7,804 2,717 288 Tennessee Wesleyan College. _. 428 10, 466 9,048 12, 164 289 Trevecca College _ _ 8,000 290 University of Tennessee Junior 681 10, 685 9,425 11, 750 College. * 291 Ward-Belmont School _ 411 15, 135 U 43, 653 Texas 292 Amarillo College.. . . . 679 8, 136 4, 374 21,600 293 Blinn College. .. _ .. 110 4, 825 294 Brownsville Junior College... 368 7,639 3, 890 295 Clarendon Junior College _ 98 7,649 10, 500 8, 200 296 Clifton Junior College... _ 57 4, 148 48 1,920 48 3, 060 297 College of Marshall 182 6, 287 5, 404 298 Corpus Christi Junior College. . 977 2, 990 20, 318 17, 632 299 Decatur Baptist College . 31 4, 092 1,764 300 Edinburg Junior College. 506 8,897 10, 579 16, 245 301 Gainesville Junior College _ 142 2, 512 17 9, 900 302 Hardin Junior College _ _ 549 4,869 4,412 303 Hillsboro Junior College.. . . 471 5.669 5, 151 12, 194 304 Hockaday Junior College 324 5, 240 5 1, 383 305 Jacksonville College _ _ 524 5, 758 1,674 917 306 John Tarleton Agricultural 1,972 23, 286 20, 886 51, 622 College. 307 Kilgore College . . 869 5, 383 55, 375 57, 240 308 Lamar College.. _ 409 3,581 7, 456 13, 109 309 Lee Junior College . . . 1,021 6, 674 11,900 310 Lon Morris College _ 212 3, 920 8, 839 311 Mary Allen Junior College. . . 201 3,696 8,069 For footnotes see pages 104 and 105. Total hours open per week 60*$ 35 52 *$ 68 48 47 *$ 56*$ 72*$ 48 56 37*$ 42*$ 45 64 42 50 42*$ 67 59*$ 56*$ 51*$ 59*$ 50 45 36*4 50 43 55 37*$ 50 42*$ 50*$ 45 54 72 47*$ 42*$ 62*$ 32*$ 53*4 Total staff Students i Under¬ grad¬ uate Grad¬ uate 1 621 1 203 1 44 2 83 " 1 74 1 218 2 254 1 184 1 63 302 1 39 69 H 83 2 347 1*4 234 1 181 2 66 *4 164 2 270 91 3 (d) (d) 4 323 1 438 1 145 1 177 1 102 *3 75 1 1 115 1 229 1 125 1 266 1 180 1 349 1 312 2 111 1 59 3 1,159 1 535 1 541 1 329 1 315 1 179 COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 101 institutions of higher education , 1939—40 — Continued Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Capital outlay Total Institu¬ tional alloca¬ tion * Income from endow¬ ments and gifts Library fees Other income 3 Total * Library staff Student wages Books, periodi¬ cals, binding and. re¬ binding Other, exclud¬ ing building mainte¬ nance $3,228 $2, 040 $21 $1, 127 $40 $2,776 $1,240 $1,246 $290 4,000 4, 000 4, 161 1,600 $216 2. 204 141 1, 950 1, 750 200 1,950 (20) 1, 950 ' 500 ' 500 25 500 500 3, 761 2,761 1,000 3,761 1, 900 432 1, 381 48 3, 351 2,550 201 564 36 3,311 2,550 (2°) 627 134 $60 611 611 611 450 159 2 561 550 11 548 486 62 1, 100 362 355 7 362 260 46 56 392 263 118 11 392 225 167 991 941 50 991 591 200 200 .. 4,217 4, 200 17 3,710 2,010 893 683 124 1, 190 1, 050 100 40 1, 190 550 640 1, 279 1, 267 12 1, 279 705 294 274 6 245 50 50 140 5 460 300 90 55 15 2, 164 2, 164 2, 164 780 690 654 40 3.423 2,275 339 764 45 3, 364 1, 619 656 1,081 8 800 600 200 800 200 400 200 5,849 5,600 224 25 5,796 3, 800 393 1, 307 296 25 4,372 4,372 4,372 3, 841 531 3, 532 3, 532 3, 532 2,250 1, 057 225 2, 153 1,700 453 1,898 1, 200 180 510 8 100 3, 040 2, 748 ! 252 40 2, 125 1, 170 858 55 42 1, 077 550 75 452 1, 077 413 405 183 49 76 1, 573 1, 058 500 15 1,573 900 158 480 35 1,007 836 99 72 956 725 209 22 2,275 2, 228 47 2,275 1, 500 775 1, 058 1,058 1,058 450 475 91 42 2, 115 2, 115 2, 115 1, 320 761 34 1, 373 1, 373 1, 373 990 269 56 58 3, 148 3, 033 80 35 3, 157 2, 033 1, 042 82 26 2, 176 2, 150 14 12 2,076 1, 148 200 682 46 100 665 465 50 150 665 637 28 522 251 260 11 521 180 320 21 9,937 9, 575 362 8, 521 5,054 467 2,889 HI 836 4, 500 4, 500 4, 500 2, 000 2,015 485 2,815 2, 815 2, 815 1,850 891 .74 4,891 4, 812 79 4, 136 2, 106 1,850 * 180 2, 589 2, 554 35 2, 589 1, 710 862 17 1,097 942 150 5 1, 097 675 401 21 o © .a 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 296 295 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 Table 12. — Statistics of the libraries of the 6 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 Name of institution Book stock Circulation Total hours open per week Total staff Students i Num¬ ber of vol¬ umes added during year Number of vol¬ umes at end of year Home use Re¬ served books Under¬ grad¬ uate Grad¬ uate JUNIOR COLLEGES— Continued Texas— Continued North Texas Agricultural Col- 1,142 17, 405 14,845 6, 147 8014 3 1,455 lege. Our Lady of Victory College. 323 9, 402 3,439 50 1 100 452 6,010 38, 400 40 1 428 Ranger Junior College _ - 125 5,050 4, 375 38% 1 116 St. Philip’s Junior College and 4,000 66% 1 99 Vocational Institute. San Angelo College _ 231 5, 123 8, 753 49 1 251 San Antonio Junior College _ 407 6, 655 1, 347 4,589 44 1 327 449 6, 324 3, 670 5, 275 49 1 249 Southwestern Junior College. .. 530 7,995 9,500 1,808 53 % 143 Temple Junior College _ 220 7,664 10, 125 1,650 5 1 137 156 5, 210 2, 765 10, 682 54 1 154 Texas Lutheran College _ _ 1, 232 12, 398 4, 545 10, 851 74 1 163 Texas Military College _ 91 4, 021 43 1 67 411 6, 161 47% 1 231 265 8,719 10, 949 2, 943 43 2% 78 Wayland Baptist College . . 270 5, 009 3, 550 1, 350 31 1 237 37 5, 601 10,800 45 1 210 Westminster College _ 240 5, 679 7, 542 5, 142 40 1 135 Utah Branch Agricultural College _ 1, 405 15, 042 17,061 20,980 49 1 277 Dixie Junior College . . . 1, 054 9,952 2, 425 20, 211 45 1 205 Snow College _ _ _ 207 8,832 45 1 244 Weber College . . 1,345 16, 396 11, 500 63,000 74 2% 897 Westminster College 1, 293 13, 265 3, 732 4,136 44% 1 134 Vermont Green Mountain Junior College. 700 8, 730 7,823 1,610 61 2 284 Virginia Arlligton Hall School for Girls 365 3, 725 17 4, 540 63% 1 136 Averett College _ 194 5, 778 764 i 255 54 1 189 Blackstone College for Girls.... 260 3,701 12 1 121 Eastern Mennonite School _ 187 4,695 91 % 54 Fairfax Hall Junior College. 160 2, 518 1, 500 80 70% 1 60 Shenandoah College. _ _ _ 354 5, 211 3,345 3, 750 45% 1 146 Stratford College _ _ . 236 5, 658 1,090 .. 83 Sullins College _ ... _ 400 7,500 11,916 53 2 289 Virginia Intermont College . 474 8,763 4,040 9,460 57 1 354 Washington Grays Harbor Junior College. .. 468 4, 100 35 % 212 Lower Columbia Junior College 106 3, 466 2, 560 82 42% 1 178 Mount Vernon Junior College.. 305 2, 137 902 42% 2 132 Pacific Lutheran College _ 1,813 18, 528 71 12, 277 54% 2% 365 Spokane Junior College. . __ 401 3,937 441 37% 1 145 Yakima Valley Junior College. . 491 5, 569 2,815 3, 394 45% 1 145 West Virginia Potomac State School _ 87 7,306 700 400 46% 3 328 Outlying parts of the United States Ca«al Zone 1 Canal Zone Junior College . 722 6,805 i 450 42 1 143 For footnotes see pages 104 and 105. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 103 institutions of higher education , 1939-40 — Continued Finances Receipts, operating Expenditures, operating Income Books, Other, Institu- from periodi¬ exclud¬ Capital tional endow- Library Other Library Student cals, ing outlay i uiai alloca- ments fees income 3 staff wages binding building tion 2 and and re¬ mainte¬ gifts binding nance $10, 485 $10, 485 $10, 063 $5,485 (20) $3,677 $901 $422 1,538 900 $125 $500 $13 1,525 900 550 75 1, 735 1,735 1, 735 1,000 660 75 1,427 597 800 30 1,302 925 350 27 125 2, 628 2, 251 377 2,508 1,700 754 54 260 2, 343 ' 924 1, 402 17 2, 323 1,200 1,042 81 20 3, 134 3, 134 3, 134 1, 215 $1, 200 667 52 1, 331 1,331 1,331 370 172 760 29 2, 297 2, 297 2, 297 1, 137 1, 110 50 110 3, 386 3^ 225 161 3, 273 1,780 945 548 3' 955 3, 853 - 102 3, 662 1,340 492 1, 553 277 293 l' 650 1,640 10 1, 501 1, 140 (2°) 292 69 2, 570 2, 552 18 2,570 1, 720 796 54 l’ 742 l' 657 35 50 1, 742 1, 125 557 60 2,694 1, 454 66 1, 137 37 2, 612 830 1,548 144 90 1,509 824 660 25 1, 509 670 675 164 1, 334 94 1,240 1,334 « 240 (•) 573 521 3,584 3,584 2,876 1, 400 351 1,008 117 708 4,883 4, 383 500 3,419 1, 295 393 1, 517 214 1, 259 3,540 3, 540 2,541 1,461 180 849 51 553 9, 506 9,434 72 8, 809 3, 700 1,934 2,950 225 650 1,640 1,000 600 40 1,640 1,000 640 5,987 2,354 639 2,850 144 5,580 2,580 918 1, 616 466 315 2, 580 2, 552 28 2,580 1, 350 500 700 30 3, 587 3, 587 3, 587 1,032 1,680 875 2,600 2,600 2,600 900 1, 200 30 500 894 894 894 475 419 551 535 16 548 (3°) (2°) 507 41 1,002 958 25 19 1,092 508 565 19 33 5,035 1, 770 3,200 65 4, 785 3,200 .500 1, 075 10 4, 455 3,580 875 4, 455 2,000 750 1,680 25 1, 100 1, 100 900 200 300 325 75 200 900 900 900 500 400 600 600 600 « 250 « 230 « 120 5,370 2, 100 50 997 2,223 5, 370 3, 620 450 1,280 20 72,822 2,752 2, 500 250 2 2, 705 1, 500 500 680 25 2,410 1,603 23 784 2, 114 1, 450 617 47 48 2,255 2, 255 2, 255 1,900 (30) 350 5 6,434 6, 434 • 6,334 3, 834 2,300 200 100 o £ I 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 38-40 1 Enrollment as of third week, fall term. 2 In addition, includes amount paid by institution usually for salaries, for which source of income was not reported. Also includes State and city grants made for library purposes in the institution. 3 Unexpended balances from previous year included here, but not separately footnoted unless amount is above $7,000. * Does not include .$668,080 paid out of operating receipts, of which amount $28,038 was for miscellaneous purposes, $297,556 was for building operation and maintenance, and $342,486 was for capital outlay, mainly equipment. 3 Circulation of reserved books used in building not recorded. As noted by a number of librarians, out¬ side circulation is not an adequate measure of use. At the College of William and Mary, for example, the total use is calculated as 238,769, whereas the outside circulation is 28,869. 0 One professional and one clerical assistant, who serve in Community Library, not included. 3 Includes one library consultant. 0 Faculty members supervise library on part-time basis assisted by students. 0 For salaries only. i° Includes circulation to students only. 11 Five assistants employed in conjunction with Scripps and Claremont Colleges, not included. 12 Included with salaries of library staff. 13 Central library only. h In addition, received $600,000 for new building. J3 Includes $22,027 unexpended balance from previous year. ifl Only use in building recorded. »7 Circulation of overnight loans and reserved books included in home use figures, is Contributed services. i0 Open shelf reserve system. 30 Not paid from library budget. 31 Includes only College of Arts and Sciences and Graduate School. 33 Circulation does not include summer session figures. 33 Plus part-time assistants. 3i Books and periodicals only. 33 Excludes salaries. 30 Contributed services evaluated. 31 Excludes contributed services. 30 Allowance made for all library needs; no regular budget allotted. 30 Includes only overnight and other use. 30 Includes other expenditures. 31 Excludes maintenance of lay librarian and contributed services. 33 Excludes departmental libraries. »* Includes only books, periodicals, binding, and rebinding. 33 Amount allotted for supervision. 3» Includes all books used in the building. 3« Included in report of the University of Louisville. 37 Total for second semester, 1939-40. ** Includes evaluation of amount paid out for rooms, board, and laundry of 12 students who assist in the library. 30 Included in report of Louisiana State University. 40 Second session. 31 Includes $12,892 unexpended balance from previous year. 33 Partial count only. 43 Circulation figures apply mainly to 218 students. 33 Excludes books, periodicals, and binding. 3» Statistics for period January 8-June 30, 1940. Records previous to that time destroyed by fire. 40 Includes 18,137 volumes returned to stock, which were previously lost or withdrawn. 47 Librarian spends part time teaching; teachers assist in the library. 38 Estimated. 40 Cost of binding and rebinding included under other expenditures. 80 Includes $7,383 unexpended balance from previous year. *i Includes $9,019 unexpended balance from previous year. 32 Includes only one of six college libraries. 33 Part time. 33 Includes library fees. 35 Includes overnight loans. »0 Includes 52,468 in New York State College of Forestry. 57 Includes 23,796 in Patients’ Library. 58 Includes Rabbi Isaac Eichman Theological Seminary. *3 Included in University of North Dakota. 00 Includes circulation in building. 01 Part of chief librarian’s salary charged to teaching account. 62 Includes reserves, but excludes 2-week loans. 63 Operated by students on an hourly basis. 64 Includes $8,569 unexpended balance from previous year. 65 Plus clerical assistants. 09 Plus board and room. 07 Unexpended balance from previous year. 08 Excludes circulation of Law Library and Baptist Historical Society. 09 Formerly New River State College. 70 Reference library only. 71 Separate record of reserved book use not kept. 72 Faculty member supervises student assistants. 73 Students have access to library at all times. 74 Figures for home use included in reserved book circulation. 75 53 are of collegiate grade. 70 For 6 months only. . 77 Included in report of Transylvania College. 78 Office staff operates the library. 79 Excludes pay of army officer who acts as librarian, and also the pay of six enlisted men. 80 Expenditure for student service included in other expenditures. 81 Includes overnight loans of reserved books. 82 Quarterly requisitions for January and April 1940 will raise this amount by from $1,500 to $2,000. COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY LIBRARY STATISTICS 105 83 Carnegie grant for the purchase of books. 84 Includes reserved books used in the building. 85 Excludes binding and rebinding. 86 For summer library school. 87 Allocated from student fees. 88 One clerk for summer session only. 89 Six assistants worked full-time during summer session; one during regular session. 90 Teacher serves as librarian. 91 NYA pays for part-time of librarian. 92 High school and junior college together. 93 Junior college, a department of high school, has no separate library. 94 High-school librarian serves. 95 Excludes cost of ordering and cataloging books. 96 Included in College of the Pacific. 97 Cataloger and clerk work for school libraries of the system. 98 Figures included in enrollment for Louisiana State University. 99 For year ended June 30, 1941. » Includes newspapers and periodicals. b Part of salary of chief librarian paid from budget allocation for supervision. 0 Salaries of most of the stall not paid from library budget. d Included in figures for the University of Tennessee. « Librarian paid in part from other funds. 0 I UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1943 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 193840 and 194042* CITY 1939-40 VOLUME II CHAPTER VII FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION STATISTICS OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS, and 1941-42 ^Because of the war, the statistics for 193940 were delayed in printing until after data were available for 194142. Therefore, to save paper and printing funds, the data for 194142 have been combined in this chapter with those for 193940. There will be no separate Biennial Survey of Education, 194042. BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 193840 and 194042 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1939-40 and 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER VII By LESTER B. HERLIHY Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics and WALTER S. DEFFENBAUGH Chief , Division of American School Systems FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY— Paul V. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION — John W. Studebaker, Commissioner Acknowledgments The statistical work in this bulletin and the consolidation and combination of the data for the two bienniums into one chapter were done by Mary Ella W. Banfield, senior statistical clerk, Julia E. Isdell, Zetta Mae Loveless, and Katherine G. Welsh, statistical clerks, under the direction of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1945 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D, C. CONTENTS Text Page Introduction _ _ 1 Enrollment _ 2 School attendance _ 5 Length op School Year and Days Attended _ 6 Pupil-Teacher Ratio _ 8 Supervisory and Teaching Staff _ 9 Salaries _ 10 Sources of Revenue for City School Systems _ 12 Distribution of City School Expenditures _ 12 Expenditure Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance _ 15 School Buildings and Property Investments _ 16 City School District Bonded Indebtedness _ 17 Night Schools _ 19 Summer Schools _ 19 Text Tables I. Enrollment in each grade in public day schools in 390 cities, 1931-32 and 1939-40 _ 4 II. Percent of enrollment in public day schools in average daily attendance, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 5 III. Length of school year for public day schools and number of days attended per pupil enrolled, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 6 IV. Length of school year for public day schools in 900 cities, 1939-40 _ 8 V. Number of pupils enrolled and number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher in public day schools, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 8 VI. Number of pupils enrolled per teacher in public day schools in 100 cities, by educational level, 1929-30 and 1939-40 _ 9 VII. Number of teachers per principal in public day schools in 100 cities, by educational level, 1937-38 and 1939-40 _ ___ 9 VIII. Percent of teachers in public day schools who are men, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 10 IX. Percent of teachers in public day schools who are men, in 150 cities, by educational level, 1933-34 and 1939-40 _ 11 X. Average salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers in public day schools, by size of city, 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1941-42 _ — 11 XI. Average salaries of teachers in public day schools, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 11 XII. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city public-school systems, by source and by size of city, 1941-42 _ _ 12 XIII. Percent distributions of current expenses and of total expenses of public day schools, by size of city, 1939-40 _ 14 XIV. Range in percentages of all current expenses devoted to specified items in public day schools, in 180 cities, 1939-40 _ 14 XV. Percent distribution of current expenses and of total expenses, excluding debt service other than interest, of public schools in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ _ 14 XVI. Total expense per pupil in average daily attendance in public schools, by purpose and size of city, 1939-40 _ 15 XVII. Range in current expense per pupil in average daily attendance in public day schools in 180 cities, by purpose, 1^939-40 _ _ 16 XVIII. Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 _ 17 XIX. School bonds outstanding less amount in school sinking funds, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 17 XX. Night schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1929-30 to 1939-40. 19 XXI. Summer schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1929-30 to 1939-40 _ 19 ill IV CONTENTS Summary and Detail Tables Page 1. Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal statistics for cities of 2,500 population or more, 1939-40 _ 20 2. Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal statistics for cities of 2,500 population or more, 1941-42 _ _ _ _ 22 3. Personnel and attendance data for public day, part-time and continuation, night, and summer schoo s in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1939-40 _ 24 4. Number of schools, value of school property, and total expenditures for public schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1939-40. _ 26 5. Buildings, personnel, and attendance data for public day schools in cities of 2,500—9,999 population, by State, 1939-40 _ 28 6. Current expenses, capital outlay, and other payments from current funds for public schools in cities of 2,500 — 9,999 population, by State, 1939-40 _ 30 7. Buildings, personnel, and attendance data for public day schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1941-42 _ 32 8. Receipts and balances for public schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1941-42 _ 34 9. Expenditures, average annual salaries, school bonds and all other debt out¬ standing, and value of all school property, for public schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1941-42 _ 36 10. Buildings, personnel, and attendance data for public day schools in cities of 2,500 - 9,999 population, by State, 1941-42 _ 38 11. Receipts and balances for public schools in cities of 2,500-9,999 popula¬ tion, by State, 1941-42 _ 40 12. Expenditures, average annual salaries, school bonds and all other debt outstanding, and value of all school property, for pub ic schools in cities of 2,500 - 9,999 population, by State, 1941-42 _ 42 13. Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instruc¬ tional staff, by city, 1939-40 _ 44 14. Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 . 64 Figures 1. Percent change in grade enrollments in 390 cities, 1931-32 to 1939-40 _ 3 2. Length of school year in days in 900 cities of 10,000 population or more, 1939-40 _ 7 3. School expenditures in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1939-40 _ _ _ 13 4. Indebtedness and expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1927-28 to 1939-40 _ _ 18 STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1939-40 and 1941-42 AS PART of its periodic survey the U. S. Office of Education has collected separate data for city school systems since 1871. During the 70-year period, there have been both rapid growth of the total popu¬ lation and the transition from a dominantly rural to a dominantly urban population. Such trends, among others, have had a profound effect in determining the organization and functions of city school sys¬ tems in the United States today. This report is concerned primarily with the status of city school systems in 1939-40 and 1941-42 and more especially with the major changes which occurred during the 1930-40 decade. The data presented have utility not only in terms of immediate questions concerning personnel and finance, but also in terms of provid¬ ing a point of departure for considerations in the field of post-war plan¬ ning for education in urban areas. All cities having a population of 2,500 or more are included in this report except 337 cities which constitute parts of school administrative units larger than the cities themselves. Most of these 337 cities are in Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, and West Virginia where the county or a similar unit for school administration prevails. As in previous reports the cities included in the present study are classified into four groups according to population. Group I includes 89 cities each with 100,000 population or more in 1940, constituting separate school districts. (Three cities in this popu¬ lation group are not included, since each is a part of a county school district.) Group II includes 238 cities with 30,000-99,999 population in 1940. The school systems of 7 of these cities are composed of two school districts each, 1 is composed of three school districts, and the other 2 are combined into one school district. (Seventeen cities in this popu¬ lation group are not included, since each is a part of a county school district.) Group III includes 694 cities with 10,000-29,999 population in 1940/ Of these, 689 constitute single school districts while each of the other 5 is composed of two districts. (Thirty-one cities in this population group are not included since each is a part of a county school district.) Group IV includes 2,091 cities with 2,500-9,999 population in 1940. Each of these constitutes a single school district. (Two hundred and eighty-six cities in this population group are not included, since each is a part of a larger school administrative unit.) In all, 3,113 cities comprising 3,127 school districts are included in the data for 1939-40. In 1941-42, the same number of cities is included and the increase in the total number of systems is due to the inclusion for the first time of separate high-school districts serving approximately the same urban territory as separate elementary school districts and each having its own superintendent and board of education. One hun¬ dred and twenty-four of these separate districts were added in the later 1 2 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 year for the most part in California and Illinois and divided among the three smaller groups as follows: Group II, 8; Group III, 41; and Group IV, 75. In a few cases data for cities of 10,000 population or more were not reported for 1939-40. In those instances data for previous years have been used as noted in the detail tables. Also data for 171 of the cities of 2,500-9,999 population, or 7 percent of the total for cities of that size, were not supplied by the respective school district officials. In order, therefore, to make the compilation complete for Group IV cities esti¬ mates for this 7 percent have been made on the basis of data received from cities of comparable population size and geographic location. For 1941-42, all cities either reported direct or the data were secured from other sources so that there is 100 percent representation of actual reports. In accordance with the policy adopted by the U. S. Office of Education in 1930 of publishing detailed reports on city school systems every 4 years and abridged reports for the intervening bienniums, this chapter includes only two tables of detailed data for 1939-40 (tables 13 and 14) 1 and, due to war conditions, none for 1941-42. Since the statistics for 1939-40 and previous years, for school systems falling into Group IV, i. e., cities of 2,500-9,999 population, are restricted to a relatively few items, as compared with data for other groups of cities, the text tables are based largely on reports for cities in Groups I, II, and III, i. e., cities of 10,000 population or more. Enrollment There were 12,827,203 pupils enrolled in the public day schools of city school systems in continental United States in 1939-40. Of this number, 6,514,612 were boys and 6,312,591 were girls (table 1). In addition there were 1,099,343 pupils enrolled in night schools; 127,452 in summer schools; and 133,247 in part-time and continuation schools. In 1941-42, there were 12,640,307 pupils enrolled in full-time day schools. No data were tabulated that year to show enrollments for other than full-time day schools. Since the number of cities of a specified size changes from one decen¬ nial census to the next, enrollments in 1939-40 cannot be compared with enrollments for previous bienniums for all cities or for each group of cities. Therefore, in order to show trends over the decade 1931-40 it is necessary to use cities listed in the same population groups in 1930 and 1940. By this means it is possible to compare trends in enrollment in 85 cities each having 100,000 population or more and in 305 cities each with a population of 2,500 to 99,999. Data on enrollment by grade were not available for 1929-30. For this reason the comparisons are based upon data for the school years 1931-32 and 1939-40. Over the 8-year period the enrollment in each regular grade from kindergarten through the eighth grade decreased (table I and fig. 1). The only increase was in the special classes. The total decrease in the elementary school grades, including kindergarten, was 14.2 percent. Greater decreases, however, occurred in grades 1 through 5. In the first grade, which experienced the greatest decrease, there were only 3 chil¬ dren in 1939-40 to replace every 4 in 1931-32. Roman numerals indicate text tables; Arabic numerals, summary and detail tables (p. IV). City School Systems 3 PERCENT OF CHANGE Decreose' Figure 1. — Percent change in grade enrollments in 390 cities, 1931-32 to 193940 Table I. — Percentage of enrollment in each grade in public day schools in 390 cities, 1931-32 and 1939-40 4 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Cities of 2,500-99,999 population Percent change, 1931-32 to 1939-40 w N 1 —11.4 cdci^*-*oodidtdt^05 77777 i i i i i Si + CO 1-H ^ to id id t* 04 rH(MCO^CM +++++ Percent of total enrollment in each grade 1939-40 100.0 68.9 (N CO (N o r>; ^ ic co as od od oo od oo t>^ 31.1 05 CO t'*» CO oooot^id 1931-32 0*001 cd tococqciONCiosoqcD co»-Hoioio7c6o6t^t^ a d CO iO Cl 05 CO cd id cd Cities of 100,000 population or more Percent change, 1931-32 to 1939-40 — 4.2 —14.8 ©eoioci05aqoqoit>.oq co co os to to oi 777777 MI + c* eo + 05 iO CO 05 iO HOON cd * CO iO CO V-H +++++ Percent of total enrollment in each grade 1939-40 100.0 68.6 idodr^t^t^r^t^t^t^ci 31.4 05 cor^ to o oo oo cd td ci .1931-32 100.0 77.5 eot^cioqt^covncoT**-* cdooiododododr^t^ci iO N Ci COHCOiH t* i>-‘ cd cd i-J Cities of 2,500 population or more Percent change, 1931-32 to 1939-40 — 3.9 -14.2 ^^05^^10^00050 eooi-<*r^id^o6td»-H'^ 777777 ii i + s + + 12.3 +29.5 +47.3 + 62.8 + 17.1 Percent of total enrollment in each grade 1939-40 100.0 68.9 (NCOiCCDNNt^OcDO tOOONNNNNNNN CO 05 CO 00 CO to od od cd td v-I 1931-32 100.0 w oqo5 oo oo od od QO si co ci ^ co co c- cd cd Grade Grand total. . . . . Total elementary _ _ _ Kindergarten . . . . . First grade . . . . Second grade . . . . . Third grade. . . . Fourth grade . . . . . . . Fifth grade _ _ _ _ Sixth grade . . . . Seventh grade . . . . Eighth grade . . Special (elementary) _ _ _ _ Total secondary _ First year... _ _ _ Second year . . . . . Third year _ _ _ _ Fourth year . . . . . Special and postgraduate _ _ City School Systems 5 While enrollments in the elementary grades were decreasing, enroll¬ ments in the high-school grades were increasing. The total secondary school increase for the same 8-year period was 31.4 percent. The effect of the decreasing elementary school population will be felt by the high schools within the next few years, however, and the rate of increase in urban high-school enrollments will become progressively less. In fact the decrease in elementary school enrollments has already become so pronounced that in spite of the increase in secondary school enrollments there were 3.9 percent fewer children enrolled in urban public day schools in 1939-40 than in 1931-32. The implications of such trends in terms of construction and utilization of school buildings and in terms of the demand for teachers are obvious. Rather significant variations in changes in enrollment by size of city are also occurring with the elementary enrollment in cities of 100,000 population or more decreasing more rapidly than that in cities of less than 100,000 population. This is directly associated with differential birth rates by size of city and with movements of families with small children from congested to suburban areas. In contrast, high-school enrollments have increased more sharply in the larger than in the smaller cities. This is due in part at least to the commuting of young people from suburban areas into large centers for their secondary school educa¬ tion and to the holding power of the large vocational and technical high schools which only the larger cities have been able to support in any numbers. School Attendance Of the 12,827,203 pupils enrolled in full-time day schools in the city school systems in 1939-40, 86.6 percent were in average daily attend¬ ance. From 1937-38 to 1939-40 there had been a slight improvement in average daily attendance in each group of cities except those of 100,000 population or more, which had a small decrease. Over the 10- year period, 1930-40, however, there was an increase in the percentage of attendance in the cities of each group (table II). School attendance as measured by the percent of enrollment in aver¬ age daily attendance is less in the large than the small cities. Yet the largest cities spend most proportionately for enforcement of attendance laws. From 1939-40 to 1941-42 there was a decrease in the percentage of pupils in average daily attendance in each group of cities. Table II. — Percent of enrollment in public day schools in average daily attendance, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 Year Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population 1929-30 _ 84.4 83.8 84.3 85.1 85.3 1931-32 . . 86.4 86.3 86.3 86.8 86.4 1933-34 _ 86.1 85.3 86.6 87.2 87.0 1935-36 . . 86.2 86.0 85.6 86.6 86.5 1937-38 _ 86.7 86.1 86.5 87.5 87.3 1939-40 _ _ 86.6 85.2 87.2 88.4 87.8 1941-42 _ 84.1 82.2 85.3 86.0 85.9 6 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Length of School Year and Days Attended The average city school term has remained practically the same length for some years (table III). Although there has been some varia¬ tion by size of city, the average number of days all city schools are in session has remained constant at 182 days since 1931-32. Contrary to general belief city schools are in session fewer days, on the average, than they were 40 years ago. In 1900 city schools were in session an average of approximately 188 days, or 6 more days than in 1940. By referring to selected city school reports published about 1840, it is found that the schools in the following cities were in session prac¬ tically all year: New York, N. Y.; Chicago, Ill.; Philadelphia, Pa.; Brooklyn, N. Y.; Boston, Mass.; Baltimore, Md.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Cleveland, Ohio; Buffalo, N. Y.; Washington, D. C.; and Detroit, Mich. The prevailing custom in these cities was to divide the school year into 4 terms of 12 weeks each •with a vacation of a week at the end of each term. In some cities all the vacation came in summer with the exception of a week at Christmas time. The summer vacation was extended gradually until the school year was reduced to about 9 or 10 months. Table III. — Length of school year for public day schools and number of days attended per pupil enrolled, by size of city , 1929-30 to 1941-42 Size of city1 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 1941-42 Length of School Year in Days All groups.. . . 185 182 182 182 182 182 182 I _ 188 184 184 184 184 185 186 II _ _ 183 181 187 181 182 181 179 III . 182 180 178 180 180 180 179 IV.... . . 180 178 177 178 179 179 177 Number of Days Attended per Pupil Enrolled All groups _ _ 156 157 157 157 157 158 153 I. . . . 158 159 157 158 158 158 153 II _ 154 157 162 155 157 158 153 III _ 155 156 155 156 158 159 154 IV _ _ 153 153 154 154 156 157 152 1I. Cities of 100,000 population or more. II. Cities of 30,000-99,999 population. III. Cities of 10,000-29,999 population. IV. Cities of 2,500-9,999 population. The average city school term of 182 days in 1939-40 conceals wide variations, however, with respect to the length of school term. Among 900 cities surveyed, 15 percent reported school terms of less than 176 days (fig. 2 and table IV). Almost half (48.4 percent) had terms of 176-180 days or approximately 9 months, while about 4 percent had terms of more than 190 days or the equivalent of 93^ months or more. There is a difference of approximately 2 months between the shortest and longest terms. The largest cities tend to have the longer school terms (181-190 days). On the other hand, the average length of school term is approximately the same in the cities falling in population groups II, III, and IV. City School Systems 7 The average number of days attended in 1939-40 by all pupils enrolled was 158. While this represented an increase of 2 days over 1929-30, it still meant, as pointed out in the discussion of percent enrolled in average daily attendance, that city school pupils were present only 87 percent of the term. Figure 2— Length of school year in days in 900 cities of 10,000 population or more, 193940 8 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table IV. — Length of school year for public day schools in 900 cities, 1939-40 Length of school year Cities of 10,000 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population in days Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total 900 100.0 88 100.0 186 100.0 626 100.0 156-160 4 0.4 4 0.6 161-165 . 5 .5 2 2.3 1 0.5 2 .3 166-170 11 1.2 4 2.2 7 1.2 171-175. . 119 13.3 11 12.5 11 5.9 97 15.5 176-180 . 435 48.4 28 31.8 85 45.7 322 51.4 181-185 _ 196 21.9 27 30.7 49 26.3 120 19.2 186-190 . 96 10.5 13 14.7 21 11.3 62 10.0 191-195 _ 23 2.6 6 6.8 11 5.9 6 .9 196-200 . 11 1.2 1 1.2 4 2.2 6 .9 Pupil-teacher Ratio For all urban schools combined the number of pupils enrolled per teacher and the number in average daily attendance per teacher have not varied greatly within the past decade (table V). The highest pupil- teacher ratios within the 10-year period were reported in 1933-34 when the effects of the economic depression were being felt severely by the schools. Pupil-teacher ratios tend to be slightly higher in cities of 100,000 population or more than in the smaller cities. The decrease in the ratio from 1939-40 to 1941-42, on both the enrollment and at¬ tendance basis, is due partly to the fact that enrollment and attendance both decreased during the biennium but not in such a way that school systems could curtail their teaching forces proportionately. In fact, 860 more teachers were employed in all city school systems in 1941-42 than in 1939-40. Many of these would be in the 124 high school dis¬ tricts included in city school systems for the first time in 1941-42. Table V. — Number of pupils enrolled and number of pupils in average daily attend¬ ance per teacher in public day schools, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 Year Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population Number of Pupils Enrolled per Teacher 1929-30. . 33 35 32 33 32 1931-32 . 33 35 32 33 32 1933-34.. . . . 35 36 33 34 34 1935-36.... . 34 35 33 33 33 1937-38 . 33 34 32 32 32 1939-40 . . 34 35 33 33 31 1941-42 . 31 33 30 30 30 Number of Pupils in Average Daily Attendance per Teacher 1929-30 . . 28 30 27 28 28 1931-32 . . 29 30 28 28 28 1933-34.. . 30 30 29 30 29 1935-36 . 29 30 28 28 28 1937-38 . . 28 29 27 28 28 1939-40 . . 29 29 28 29 28 1941-42 . . . . 26 27 25 26 26 City School Systems 9 The number of pupils enrolled per teacher at each educational level was somewhat higher in 1939-40 than in 1929-30 except in the elemen¬ tary grades (table VI). The pupil-teacher ratio is considerably lower in the secondary school grades than in the elementary school grades. This is the case partly because many high-school subjects are elective, resulting in many small classes, and partly because secondary school accrediting agencies have generally set standards concerning maximum pupil-teacher ratios. There are no elementary school accrediting agen¬ cies and hence no maximum pupil-teacher ratios for these schools. A consensus has never been reached with regard to the maximum ratios for elementary and secondary schools. While the difference between pupil-teacher ratios at the two school levels is still great, it was con¬ siderably smaller in 1939-40 than in 1929-30. The high pupil-teacher ratios which persist at the kindergarten level are due primarily to the practice of having one teacher responsible for both a morning and an afternoon group. Supervisory and Teaching Staff In 1939-40 the public day schools in the 3,127 cities covered by this report had staffs including 3,495 superintendents and assistant super¬ intendents, 4,416 supervisors, 16,610 principals, and 402,414 teachers (table 1). For all schools combined, the number of teachers per principal was 24.7 in 1937-38 and 24.2 in 1939-40 4and 1941-42. In a sample of 100 cities for 1939-40 the average number of teachers per principal ranged from 22 in elementary and junior high schools to 55 in regular 4-year high schools (table VII). Since each urban school has a principal, either full- or part-time, the data reflect differences in size of school. These differences also account for the tendency toward more teachers per principal at each educational level as size of city increases. Table VI. — Number of pupils enrolled per teacher in public day schools in 100 cities, by educational level, 1929-30 and 1939-40 Educational level Cities of 10,000 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population 1929-30 1939-40 1929-30 1939-40 1929-30 1939-40 1929-30 1939-40 Kindergarten _ _ . 63 65 65 66 49 51 50 54 Elementary... . . 38 35 39 35 35 34 36 36 Junior high _ _ _ Senior, junior-senior, and regu¬ 28 31 29 31 26 30 27 31 lar 4-year high 27 31 27 31 26 31 26 29 Table VII. — Number of teachers per principal in public day schools in 100 cities, by educational level, 1937-38 and 1939-40 Educational level Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population 1937-38 1939-40 1937-38 1939-40 1937-38 1939-40 1937-38 1939-40 1937-38 1939-40 Elementary (including kinder¬ garten). . . 20 22 20 23 20 17 21 21 14 15 Junior high . . . 25 28 25 30 29 35 22 17 14 12 Senior high . . . ... 35 39 34 46 46 38 27 21 19 18 Junior-senior high _ _ _ 31 22 32 22 32 32 30 14 6 7 Regular 4-year high . . 51 55 53 57 46 44 29 15 15 18 10 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Of all teachers in city school systems in 1939-40, 20.7 percent were men (table VIII). Oddly enough, at first glance, this increase continued in the period between 1939-40 and 1941-42. Possibly this is partly due to greater stress being placed upon such subjects as physical education, chemistry, mathematics, and physics which are subjects most often taught by men; also partly to the fact that teachers’ contracts are usually signed in the spring and many men teachers were allowed to finish out the school year ending in June of 1942 before being drafted or accepted as volunteers. From 1929-30 to 1939-40 there has been a gradual increase in the proportion of men teachers in each group of cities with the greatest increase in cities of 10,000-29,999 population. This increase occurred at every school level except that of the junior-senior high school (table IX). In the senior high schools and regular 4-year high schools the proportion of men teachers had risen above 40 percent by 1939-40. Salaries Data are available for comparing the average annual salaries of super¬ visors, principals, and teachers for 1937-38 and 1939-40 (table X). On the average, salaries of principals in urban schools were about $440 higher than those of supervisors and $1,088 higher than those of teachers in 1939-40. Since 1937-38 salaries of supervisors had increased an aver¬ age of $136, those of principals $51, and those of teachers $47. Reports indicate that salaries are decidedly higher in school systems of large cities than they are in those of small cities. For example, in 1939-40, salaries of supervisors averaged $1,944 higher (119 percent) in cities of 100,000 population or more than in cities of 2,500-9,999 population, and salaries of principals averaged $1,970 higher (105 percent) in the former than the latter group of cities. For teachers, while the differences were less, salaries averaged $1,141 higher (87 percent) in the largest cities than they did in the smallest. Table VIII. — Percent of teachers in public day schools who are men, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 Year Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population 1929-30 . . 13.3 13.8 12.6 12.3 13.7 1931-32 . 14.4 14.9 13.8 13.8 15.6 1933-34 . 16.1 15.9 15.2 15.3 17.8 1935-36 . 17.4 16.9 16.4 17.3 19.7 1937-38 . 19.1 18.3 18.1 18.7 21.9 1939-40 . . 20.7 19.6 19.4 20.9 23.5 1941-42 . . 21.5 20.1 20.6 22.4 24.1 City School Systems 11 Table IX. — Percent of teachers in public day schools who are men in 150 cities, by educational level, 1933-34 and 1939-40 Educational level Cities of 10,000 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population 1933-34 1939-40 1933-34 1939-40 1933-34 1939-40 1933-34 1939-40 Elementary (including kinder¬ garten) . . . . 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.5 2.8 4.2 3.7 3.4 Junior high _ ... 25.1 29.1 24.8 28.8 26.0 30.9 25.6 27.6 Senior high - - - 35.1 42.3 35.5 42.4 36.1 41.9 34.1 41.6 Junior-senior high _ _ _ 38.1 37.1 38.6 37.4 37.6 35.4 37.7 41.9 Regular 4-year high . . 37.5 41.3 38.6 41.4 36.7 38.4 34.6 44.2 Table X. — Average salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers in public day schools, by size of city, 1937-38, 1939-40, and 1941-42 Size of city1 Total Instructional staff Supervisors Principals Teachers 1937-38 1939—10 21941— 42 1937-38 1939-40 1937-38 1939-40 1937-38 1939-40 All groups . 81,948 81,988 $2,047 $2,452 $2,588 $2,976 $3,027 $1,892 $1,939 I . 2,436 2,514 2,581 3,201 3,573 3,793 3,852 2,357 2,450 II . . 1,831 1,854 1,934 2,437 2,536 2,867 2,890 1,761 1,800 III . 1,515 1,562 1,648 1,807 1,941 1,971 2,343 1,491 1,519 IV . 1,309 1,332 1,401 1,808 1,629 1,970 1,882 1,281 1,309 1I. Cities of 100,000 population or more. II. Cities of 30,000-99,999 population. III. Cities of 10,000-29,999 population. IV. Cities of 2,500-9,999 population. distribution by supervisors, principals and teachers not possible for 1941-42. The average salary of teachers in public day schools decreased in amount during the first 4 years of the decade 1930-40. Between 1934 and 1940, however, the average increased in the school systems of all cities of 10,000 or more each, as well as in those of the cities of each of the three most populous groups, computed separately. Such averages in 1939-40 exceeded those of 1929-30 in all cities each having a popu¬ lation of 10,000 or more and those of the two most populous groups; for teachers in cities of the 10,000 to 29,999 population group, the average salary in 1939-40 was slightly less than it had been 10 years previously (table XI). By 1939-40 teachers7 salaries in the groups of largest and next to largest cities were above the 1929-30 level, but in cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population the predepression level had not quite been reached. On the whole, however, salaries of teachers in city school systems were about the same in 1939-40 as they had been in 1929-30. Table XI. — Average salaries of teachers in public day schools, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Year Cities of 10,000 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population 1929-30 . $2,018 $2,336 $1,734 $1,531 1931-32 . 2,010 2,293 1,774 1,508 1933-34 . . 1,808 2,065 1,578 1,335 1935-36 . 1,904 2,183 1,664 1,394 1937-38 . 2,043 2,357 1,761 1,491 1939-40 . - 2,100 2,450 1,800 1.519 12 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Sources of Revenues for City School Systems Data showing the various sources from which city school systems receive their financial support are tabulated every 4 years. A per¬ centage analysis of revenue receipts, by source, shows very little change from 1937-38 to 1941-42 in the percentage of such receipts derived from the various sources (table XII). It is interesting to note, however, that both analyses show smaller percentages of the revenue as com¬ ing from the State Government (including Federal Government allot¬ ments paid through the State) and from the counties, and more from local sources for the large cities than comes from these sources for the schools of small cities. Table XII. — Percentage analysis of revenue receipts in city public-school systems, by source and by size of city, 1941-42 Size of city Federal direct State (in¬ cluding Federal appropri¬ ations paid through the State) County Local All other Total General property taxes and city appropri¬ ations Taxes specif¬ ically for debt service Other school districts for tuition I. . 0.4 21.1 1.0 76.5 66.7 9.4 0.4 1.0 II . . . .4 21.4 1.3 75.4 63.6 10.5 1.3 1.5- Ill . . .9 23.9 2.5 71.0 59.1 9.0 2.9 1.7 IV _ .6 30.9 3.4 63.5 51.1 7.6 4.8 1.6 All groups (1941-42)... .5 23.1 1.7 73.4 62.6 9.2 1.6 1.3 All groups (1937-38)... 1.3 23.0 2.2 71.8 61.5 8.9 1.4 1.7 Distribution of City School Expenditures Of the total current expense dollar in city school systems in 1939-40, 3.7 cents were devoted to general control; 75.9 cents to instruction in full-time day schools, part-time and continuation schools, and night and summer schools; 10.3 cents to operation of plant; 3.7 cents to main¬ tenance; 3.3 cents to auxiliary agencies; and 3.1 cents to fixed charges. In general, as the size of the city increases, the proportion spent for gen¬ eral control and auxiliary agencies decreases and the proportion spent for instruction increases (table XIII). When other expenditures were added to current expense, the total expense dollar was divided as follows: 75.2 cents were for current expenses; 8.2 cents for capital outlay; 5.4 cents for interest; and 11.2 cents for other debt service. The proportion expended for each item varied greatly among individual cities. For example, in a sample of 180 cities the proportion devoted to instruction ranged from 63.2 to 87.1 percent and that to operation from 5.4 to 19.5 percent (table XIV). Since conditions are different in respect to each individual city’s ex¬ penditures, it is obvious that no two school systems can distribute the current expense dollar in the same proportions for the various func¬ tional items. The analysis presented in table XV for a series of years, however, should afford school superintendents a fairly reliable general guide for the preparation of their school budgets. (See also fig. 3). City School Systems 13 Figure 3. — School expenditures in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1939-40 14 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table XIII. — Percent distribution of current expenses and of total expenses of public day schools, by size of city, 1939-40 Item Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population Total current expense.. .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 General control _ _ 3.7 2.9 3.1 4.2 \ 6.6 69.8 Instruction: Day schools, full-time _ 74.6 75.6 75.9 74.0 Part-time and continuation _ .5 .6 .9 .3 Night _ .7 1.0 .7 .3 .2 Summer _ _ .1 .1 .1 Operation _ 10.3 9.1 11.1 12.0 11.9 Maintenance.. _ 3.7 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.9 Auxiliary agencies _ 3.3 2.7 3.0 3.7 5.6 Fixed charges _ 3.1 4.2 1.7 1.9 2.0 Total expense _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expense _ 75.2 75.0 74.9 74.5 77.3 Capital outlay. _ 8.2 7.6 9.3 8.5 8.8 Interest _ 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.7 Other debt service _ 11.2 11.9 10.3 11.5 9.2 Table XIV. — Range in percentages of all current expenses devoted to specified items in public day schools, in 180 cities, 1939-40 Item Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population General control... _ 1.5 — 10.0 1.5— 5.3 2.0— 6.7 2.4— 6.8 3.0 — 10.0 Instruction _ 63.2 — 87.1 66.7 — 86.5 72.8 — 83.7 67.8 — 87.1 63.2 — 85.0 Operation _ 5.4 — 19.5 8.8 — 14.7 6.5 — 15.5 5.6 — 18.3 5.4 — 19.5 Maintenance _ .5— 9.7 .6— 8.1 .5— 9.7 1.1— 7.7 .7— 8.4 Auxiliary agencies _ .0 — 13.4 .4— 8.6 .1— 5.4 .0— 7.1 .0 — 13.4 Fixed charges . .0— 8.1 .0— 8.1 .0— 7.3 .0— 5.5 .0— 6.1 Table XV. — Percent distribution of current expenses and of total expenses, excluding debt service other than interest, of public schools in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Item 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1937-38 1939-40 Total current expense _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 General control _ _ Instruction: 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 Day schools, full-time.. _ 74.8 75.5 76.3 76.1 75.9 75.4 Part-time and continuation _ .8 .8 .6 .7 .5 .6 Night . . . 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 .8 .8 Summer _ .4 .4 .1 .1 .1 .1 Operation . . . 9.7 9.5 10.0 9.1 9.8 10.0 Maintenance _ 4.3 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.9 3.7 Auxiliary agencies.. _ _ _ _ 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.8 2.9 Fixed charges _ 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.8 3.0 3.3 Total expense _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 0 100.0 Current expense _ 76.7 82.1 87.6 85.0 84.0 84.7 Capital outlay. _ _ 16.7 9.8 2.7 7.1 9.3 9.1 Interest _ 6.6 8.1 9.7 7.9 6.7 6.2 City School Systems 15 Expenditure per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance Average current expense per urban pupil in average daily attendance in full-time day school had reached a peak in 1929-30. This was fol¬ lowed by a decline to 1933-34. Since the latter date there has been a gradual increase with a new peak reached in 1939-40 when the average cost per pupil was $127.22 in cities of 100,000 or more, $101.80 in cities of 30,000-99,999 population, $87.32 in cities of 10,000-29,999 population, and $80 in cities of 2,500-9,999 population. During the 10-year period the cost per pupil in each group of cities followed the general trend with the lowest cost reported in 1933-34 and with a slightly higher cost in 1939-40 than in 1929-30 (table XVI). An analysis of the cost per pupil in full-time day school for current expense items, capital outlay, and interest shows that pupil costs in cities having a population of 10,000 or more were less for capital outlay and interest in 1939-40 than a decade earlier. The decreases had occurred in all groups of cities. When current expense, capital outlay, and interest were combined, it was found that the average total expense per pupil in average daily attendance in cities of 10,000 population or more was still $6.75 less in 1939-40 than a decade earlier. Table XVI. — Total expense per pupil in average daily attendance in public schools, by purpose and size of city , 1939-40 Year Current expense per pupil Capital outlay per pupil Interest per pupil Total General control Instruc¬ tion Opera¬ tion Mainte¬ nance Auxili¬ ary agencies Fixed charges Cities op 10,000 Population or More 1929-30... $107.28 $3.61 $82.21 $10.57 $4.75 $3.42 $2.72 $23.98 $9.50 1931-32... 104.16 3.53 80.51 10.10 3.66 3.33 3.03 12.83 10.46 1933-34... 88.52 3.03 68.63 9.01 2.65 2.60 2.60 2.79 9.91 1935-36... 96.83 3.27 74.50 9.79 3.50 2.81 2.96 8.24 9.16 1937-38 _ 107.97 3.55 83.13 10.81 4.28 2.93 3.27 12.19 8.80 1939-40 _ 113.18 3.65 86.63 11.44 4.25 3.38 3.83 12.38 8.45 Cities op 100,090 Population or More 1929-30 _ $119.17 $3.78 $91.77 $10.92 $5.55 $3.71 $3.44 $26.37 $10.20 1931-32... 114.86 3.62 89.13 10.32 4.23 3.56 4.00 14.71 11.31 1933-34... 97.62 3.11 76.56 9.11 2.93 2.63 3.28 2.96 10.82 1935-36... 106.82 3.38 82.92 9.92 3.88 2.81 3.91 9.32 9.69 1937-38.. 119.50 3.68 92.84 10.98 4.77 2.80 4.43 14.60 9.61 1939-40... 127.22 3.77 97.85 11.78 4.87 3.53 5.42 13.09 9.47 Cities of 30,000-99,999 Population 1929-30... $98.03 $3.30 $74.88 $10.49 $4.03 $3.37 $1.96 $21.06 $8.82 1931-32... 97.02 3.29 75.36 10.31 3.10 3.17 1.79 12.70 10.23 1933-34... 82.14 2.77 63.14 9.37 2.37 2.71 1.78 2.69 9.64 1935-36... 89.67 2.94 68.91 10.17 3.13 2.87 1.65 6.97 9.21 1937-38... 98.72 3.15 76.10 11.05 3.78 2.95 1.69 8.86 8.34 1939-40... 101.80 3.31 78.46 11.47 3.68 3.12 1.76 12.83 7.65 Cities op 10,000-29,999 Population 1929-30... $85.75 $3.50 $64.77 $9.73 $3.41 $2.73 $1.61 $20.75 $8.37 1931-32... 82.04 3.54 62.07 9.33 2.65 2.85 1.60 7.83 8.37 1933-34... 69.11 3.03 51.65 8.42 2.12 2.42 1.47 2.42 7.65 1935-36... 75.82 3.27 56.35 9.10 2.79 2.75 1.56 6.43 7.67 1937-38... 84.68 3.55 62.84 10.14 3.40 3.23 1.52 8.60 6.98 1939-40... 87.32 3.67 65.04 10.52 3.20 3.24 1.65 10.08 6.54 16 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Among cities of similar size there is a wide range in current expense per pupil in average daily attendance (table XVII). Instruction, the major item of current expense, made this cost 3 times as much per pupil in some cities of 100,000 population or more as in others. The same range was found in cities of 30,000-99,999 population. In cities of 10,000-29,999 some school systems spent almost 5 times as much as others per pupil for instruction, while in the smallest cities, those of 2,500-9,999 population, some cities actually spent 7 to 8 times as much as others. Even wider variations were found in some of the other items included in current expense. Table XVII. — Range in current expense per pupil in average daily attendance in public day schools in 180 cities, by purpose, 1939-40 Purpose Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population Total current expense General control . . . Instruction _ _ _ Operation of plant. _ _ Maintenance of plant _ Auxiliary agencies . . Fixed charges . . . . $51.62 — $170.22 $44.66 — $152.59 $29.49 — $153.55 $23.87 — $171.67 1.16— 7.53 43.54 — 134.20 3.62 — 17.39 .59 — 8.43 .28 — 7.16 .00 — 14.18 1.10 — 6.72 36.36 — 117.14 3.79 — 16.23 .54 — 7.63 .06 — 5.69 .00— 9.11 1.16— 6.50 24.37 — 118.71 2.38 — 18.38 .41 — 6.18 .00 — 6.45 .00 — 7.33 1.77 — 11.66 16.96— 127.36 1.89 — 20.91 .26 — 9.87 .00 — 15.50 .00 — 10.54 School Buildings and Property Investments A “school” is an organization, such as an elementary, junior, or senior high school, which is recognized and counted as a separate unit whether housed separately or not. In 1939-40 there were 34,709 day schools in cities each having a population of 2, 500 .or more. These schools were housed in 30,279 buildings. Of the total number of school buildings 10,115 were in cities of Group I; 4,806 in cities of Group II; 6,281 in cities of Group III; and 9,077 in those of Group IV (table 1). The total estimated value of school property in all four ’groups of cities in 1939-40 was $5,267,607,000, and the value per pupil in average daily attendance was $474 (table 1). From 1929-30 to 1939-40 the value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance increased in each group of cities (table XVIII). The increase continued through 1941-42 but is not actually as great as the $520 value per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance would indicate. In the same period average daily attendance decreased 4.3 percent and, even had the total valuation of property remained static,2 valuation per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance would have shown an increase. Only the smaller cities, those under 30,000 population, experienced a decline in property value per pupil in average daily attendance during the depression period. The figures seem to show that the larger cities were able to hold their own with respect to value of school property per pupil during a period of generally declining values. However, the major factor in explaining this was the decline in total enrollment in the larger cities (table I) which automatically increases per pupil values. 2The total value of school property increased $262,000,000 between 1940 and 1942. City School Systems 17 Table XVIII. — Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1941-42 Year Cities of 2,500 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Cities of 2,500-9,999 population 1929-30 . $399 $428 $419 $390 $333 1931-32 . 409 445 437 338 319 1933-34 . 409 455 438 378 314 1935-36 . 417 460 440 385 313 1937-38. . 440 486 480 401 331 1939-40. . 474 539 485 430 355 1941-42 . 520 592 536 475 388 City School District Bonded Indebtedness The outstanding bonded indebtedness of school districts, exclusive of reserves for school sinking funds, in cities with 10,000 population or more amounted to a total of $1,596,510,000 in 1939-40, or to $179.12 per pupil in average daily attendance (table XIX). The total amount of school bonds outstanding for each group was less in 1939-40 than at any time during the past decade (fig. 4). The amount outstanding per pupil likewise w'as less in 1939-40 in spite of the fact that there were fewer pupils in average daily attendance reported for 1939-40 than for any previous biennium during the decade except 1929-30. (In 1929-30 the cities were listed in accordance with the 1920 Census figures and were fewer in number than for the later bienniums.) The decrease in outstanding school bonds and all other school debt continued through 1941-42. No doubt one of the main factors in this decrease was that while bonds were paid off according to schedule, due to war conditions expenditures for capital outlay, which account usually reflects the need for floating bonds, were less than half the amount in 1941-42 that they were in 1939-40. Table XIX. — School bonds outstanding less amount in school sinking funds, by size of city, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Cities of 10,000 population or more Cities of 100,000 population or more Cities of 30,000-99,999 population Cities of 10,000-29,999 population Year Per pupil Per pupil Amount (in Per pupil Per pupil Amount (in in average Amount (in in average in average Amount (in i n average thousands) daily at¬ tendance thousands) daily at¬ tendance thousands) daily at¬ tendance thousands) daily at¬ tendance 1929-30 . $1,671,493 $199.68 $1,017,501 $216.03 $355,202 $191.21 $298,790 $165.71 1931-32 _ 1,918,417 205.85 1,200,888 222.04 389,855 203.25 327,674 164.41 1933-34 . 1,749,469 191.78 1,099,854 203.96 348,514 194.49 301,101 155.33 1935-36 . . 1,832,457 202.58 1,169,356 219.07 353,937 198.96 309,164 160.30 1937-38. . 1,761,374 196.56 1,146,742 217.00 321,601 183.15 293,031 152.58 1939-40 _ 1,596,510 179.12 1,015,882 199.35 304,290 161.93 276,338 142.58 18 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Figure 4. — Indebtedness and expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1927-28 to 1939-40 City School Systems 19 Night Schools A fairly large number of city school systems operate night schools, which include Americanization schools. These declined sharply in num¬ ber during the depression and were still far below the 1929-30 total in 1939-40 (table XX). The schools in operation in the latter year, however, had a larger enrollment than that reported for 1929-30. The larger enrollment of 1939-40 was being taken care of by fewer teachers than wTere employed a decade earlier and at considerably less expense per pupil. Night schools are of greater significance in large than they are in small cities. Thus they were reported by 86.5 percent of the school systems in Group I, 55.1 percent of those in Group II, 24.5 percent of those in Group III, and only 4.7 per cent of those in Group IV. Moreover, of the total students enrolled 70.2 percent were in cities in Group I, 18 percent in cities of Group II, 8.1 percent in cities of Group III, and only 3.7 percent in cities of Group IV. Summer Schools The summer school as a function of the public-school system declined sharply in importance during the decade 1930-40. The low point was not reached until 1937-38, and an increase occurred between that year and 1939-40 (table XXI). The decrease in number of cities maintain¬ ing summer schools was accompanied by a related decline in total en¬ rollment, staff, and expenditures. Like night schools, summer schools are of greater importance in large than small cities. In 1939-40, 38.2 percent of the school systems in Group I, 21.8 percent of those in Group II, 8.6 percent of those in Group III, and only 1.1 percent of those in Group IV reported such schools. Table XX. — Night schools1 in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Year Number of school systems reporting Enrollment Number of supervisors, principals, and teachers Expenditures for cities reporting this item 1929-30 664 1,038,052 978,471 24,071 S10,682,349 8,342,352 6,469,485 7,455,054 8,631,445 8,441,447 1931-32. . . 561 23,675 1933-34 382 811,882 16,524 16,563 1935-36 . . . 385 783,726 1937-38 _ 412 1,016,435 18,617 1939-40 _ _ 482 1,099,343 20,495 Uncluding Americanization classes. Table XXI. — Summer schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1929-30 to 1939-40 Year Number of Bchool systems reporting Enrollment Number of supervisors, principals, and teachers Expenditures for cities reporting this item 1929-30 . 374 492,638 14.481 $4,043,433 1931-32 _ t . . 278 439,030 13,253 3,755,821 1933-34 . . . 160 109,844 3,317 602,363 1935-36 . . 155 117,176 3,779 666,158 1937-38 . . . . . 135 106,270 3,661 771,305 1939-40 _ _ 170 127,452 3,938 847,428 Table 1. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal statistics for cities of 2,500 population or more , 1939-40 20 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 City School Systems d I, a> ® 8 T3 -2 * V M ■*.a g-e •S& “•S CJ GO • o> IS o-9 11 ■2.3 II rt iv ■e-a &i eo o 2 « S -g T3 O 3 a ■o T3 c=3 O >, ce a !i u *Q ® ®3 al II M o IS ■S3 ►si 21 Table 2. — Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal statistics for cities of 2,500 population or more, 1941-42 22 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 City School Systems 23 24 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 3. — Personnel and attendance data for public day, part-time and continuation. Full-time day schools State or District of Columbia City school Bystems reporting Superin¬ tendents and assistant superin¬ tendents Super¬ visors Prin¬ cipals Teachers and other instructional Btaff 1 Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 United States 3,127 3,495 4,416 16,610 83,094 319,320 6,514,612 6,312,591 2 Alabama.. . . 44 46 20 133 516 3,135 70,525 70,640 3 Arizona . 16 16 25 75 322 1,097 24,903 23,642 4 Arkansas _ 53 55 9 129 529 2,416 59,559 59,918 5 California . . 155 204 302 1,315 6,904 23,171 490,199 454,099 6 Colorado . . 31 36 37 195 761 2,767 60,228 58,586 7 Connecticut . . 32 39 97 305 1,039 5,727 102,561 98,325 8 Delaware . 7 11 7 30 173 646 11,388 11,172 9 Georgia. . . 46 50 24 127 709 3,460 75,509 78,361 10 Idaho . 25 25 8 65 488 1,054 26,043 25,402 11 Illinois . 212 236 234 862 4,353 21,215 437,290 413,495 12 Indiana . 98 107 198 498 2,700 8,031 178,082 172,501 13 Iowa. _ _ 91 92 79 302 1,312 5,794 106,961 104,919 14 Kansas . 64 64 59 284 1,125 3,940 84,441 80,495 15 Kentucky . 54 59 50 243 915 3,622 72,141 71,030 16 Louisiana . . 4 8 10 113 343 1,859 40,400 43,858 17 Maine . 26 27 17 45 345 1,659 30,035 29,694 18 Maryland _ 1 14 48 125 710 2,832 62,325 60,451 19 Massachusetts . 122 138 420 861 4,231 17,439 322,604 309,415 20 Michigan . 122 139 240 908 4,563 14,848 335,403 324,472 21 Minnesota . 77 84 120 332 1,848 6,829 127,422 125,975 22 Mississippi . . . 47 47 22 185 385 2,120 47,471 50,989 23 Missouri . . 86 93 130 489 1,857 7,430 160,137 155,007 24 Montana . 23 23 16 68 229 1,116 19,736 19,068 25 Nebraska . . 36 39 60 131 565 2,613 53,590 51,726 26 Nevada . 5 6 1 10 63 191 4,414 4,244 27 New Hampshire . 18 20 22 52 318 1,062 20,103 19,220 28 New Jersey . 176 190 310 766 4,377 17,218 306,715 295,434 29 New Mexico . . 22 23 19 75 265 972 23,836 23,392 30 New York . 201 273 556 2,310 11,752 47,399 915,639 880,122 31 North Carolina . 58 59 13 303 725 5,153 107,340 108,778 32 North Dakota . 12 12 2 39 178 580 11,648 11,389 33 Ohio . . . 183 202 174 1,008 5,908 19,212 408,234 391,865 34 Oklahoma . 74 76 35 257 1,299 4,890 106,601 103,478 35 Oregon . 34 37 44 165 748 2,667 51,870 49,694 36 Pennsylvania . 354 378 456 1,104 9,106 27,983 600,703 581,822 37 Rhode Island . 19 25 53 125 705 3,069 51,956 50,364 38 South Carolina _ 49 53 23 107 690 3,284 66,534 69,670 39 South Dakota . 20 20 15 49 267 862 16,578 16,340 40 Tennessee . 45 46 42 282 764 4,267 89,030 90,114 41 Texas . 195 208 106 1,033 3,637 15,469 323,007 319,139 42 Utah . 5 8 18 67 349 1,102 26,043 24,940 43 Vermont . 14 14 16 19 116 536 9,891 9,569 44 Virginia _ _ 25 27 47 218 615 4,148 75,907 76,252 45 Washington . 40 46 56 305 1,390 4,083 94,226 89,702 46 Wisconsin . 93 99 136 331 2,281 7,145 144,136 142,248 47 Wyoming . . 12 12 11 29 142 536 11,140 10,750 48 District of Columbia.. 1 9 29 136 477 2,672 50,108 50,825 ‘Includes librarians. 2In Group IV (cities with 2,500-9,999 population) some systems did not report complete data for theoe schools. All systems reporting any data have been enumerated. City School Systems 25 night, and summer schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1939- Part-time and continuation schools Night schools, including Americanization classes Summer schools Average daily attendance City school systems reporting2 Super¬ visors, principals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment City school systems reporting2 Super¬ visors, principals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment City school systems reporting2 Super¬ visors, principals, and teachers Enroll¬ ment 11,107,352 179 2,319 133,247 482 20,495 1,099,343 170 3,938 127,452 118,854 1 1 33 5 65 1,430 3 120 3,552 39,162 99360 2 4 553 1 44 1,370 1 14 155 775,461 26 329 23,053 69 2,772 342,512 4 54 2,275 102,778 1 141 12,548 3 78 2,968 1 37 1,681 178,456 1 1 114 28 550 22,469 2 73 1,614 21,020 1 8 807 1 103 3,666 1 19 721 124,096 4 42 2,219 2 193 9,453 2 80 3,291 44,900 730,116 3 61 6,458 5 1,205 44,246 7 54 865 304,948 2 17 709 15 375 17,133 6 249 9,620 186,259 8 14 604 11 168 10,097 3 80 1,519 144,057 9 150 4,510 4 23 726 123,311 15 630 2 17 305 65,834 1 20 953 1 182 7,808 54,011 4 56 1,605 102,754 1 2 162 1 401 19,105 1 135 7,003 565,235 16 137 2,486 58 1,594 50,733 7 130 3,795 581,483 10 126 5,266 16 1,387 49,577 10 653 22,444 223,273 1 3 21 17 327 10,804 4 73 2,456 79,604 l 4 61 1 10 224 2 31 470 278,761 5 27 700 6 444 22,018 3 26 1,422 34,914 90,799 1 2 50 2 122 15,210 1 3 487 7,026 2 3 62 35,615 5 51 1,080 518,232 11 38 1,962 23 670 23,142 13 209 5,889 38,136 1 11 741 2 7 170 1,559,125 30 222 31,634 48 2,457 127,303 21 369 10,331 191,854 1 6 62 2 23 714 3 34 818 21,036 720,560 5 15 819 20 1,286 58,238 17 303 8,854 181,142 2 6 237 3 142 4,579 1 7 77 84 709 1 40 683 2 7 170 1,049’, 747 1 18 312 34 1,964 75,284 13 274 9,037 90,926 7 184 7,048 114,022 1 1 12 2 25 353 2 15 296 28,978 1 9 89 152 410 2 65 1,594 537,395 1 60 3,000 4 142 4,869 4 141 2,363 45,253 2 3 66 4 128 9,866 3 17 745 17 269 1 5 106 130,834 3 14 728 11 287 7 885 10 184 3,911 154,291 3 49 2,212 17 467 38.456 6 53 1,828 256,712 32 908 34,434 36 1,963 78,120 7 205 8,921 18,290 1 289 2 79 2,515 2 16 474 83,844 1 295 19,650 1 224 9,248 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 li Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 4. — Number of schools, value of school property, and total expenditures State or District of Columbia Number of schools Number of school buildings Value of school property (thousands of dollars) Salaries (day schools) Total current expense for full-time day schools1 Supervisors and principals Teachers and other instructional staff1 United States 34,709 430,279 5,267,607 $61,714,328 $780,217,926 $1,181,386,908 Alabama . . . 337 326 24,420 282,979 3,661,552 4,867,606 Arizona... _ _ ... 120 208 10,999 222,591 2,261,602 3,413,690 Arkansas 490 514 20,162 211,082 2,339,929 3,564,362 California.. . . .. 2,500 4,147 416,716 5,531,546 68,099,085 107,074,344 Colorado _ 353 310 41,699 627,239 6,744,713 9,919,459 Connecticut _ 694 454 82,331 1,206,567 13,170,935 19,528,181 Delaware.. ... ... . . 55 44 12,810 107,547 1,486,675 2,216,344 Georgia.. . . . . 402 371 26,824 361,765 4,917,422 6,546,079 Idaho _ .. _ _ 129 153 12,988 133,290 2,004,396 3,188,036 Illinois.. . . . . 2,027 1,549 416,528 3,175,670 52,032,888 82,346,093 Indiana _ 987 806 128,448 1,606,308 18,376,933 27,764,994 Iowa _ . . _ . . . 989 618 75,219 843,762 10,329,016 16,184,579 Kansas _ ... _ 680 477 53,109 693,805 7,236,104 11,214,672 Kentucky. _ _ ... 497 403 40,439 637,818 6,127,591 8,918,526 Louisiana . 176 140 19,309 285,450 3,430,284 4,896,342 Maine. . . _ _ .. 382 301 18,352 137,298 2,473,991 3,821,975 Maryland _ _ _ 277 177 50,966 539,532 7,030,205 10,527,866 Massachusetts. _ 2,159 1,762 289,909 3,653,019 43,470,023 63,499,009 Michigan... _ _ 1,791 1,228 300,884 3,483,326 38,257,210 59,199,753 Minnesota _ 927 558 123,005 1,202,728 15,504,419 26,006,065 Mississippi. . . 259 259 18,063 283,671 2,192,711 3,343,066 Missouri.. ... . _ _ 985 725 126,136 1,668,810 16.318,599 25,486,073 Montana _ . _ 138 146 16,300 210,977 2,114,625 3,477,735 Nebraska _ _ _ 449 270 42,032 361,937 4,361,890 6,902,900 Nevada. _ _ _ 35 28 3,057 17,540 462,402 711,956 New Hampshire _ 1.81 149 16,636 160,018 2,049,121 3,333,745 New Jersey _ 1,788 1,134 302,244 3,865,170 47,306,539 73,745,847 New Mexico _ _ 136 140 9,422 181,218 1,664,107 2,541,100 New York _ _ _ 3,368 2,643 942,566 12,344,029 167,646,357 247,566,488 North Carolina . . 496 487 49,973 574,863 6,200,787 8,306,467 North Dakota. .... 72 73 8,990 85,002 982,040 1,552,594 Ohio _ _ _ ... . 1,943 1,585 338,434 3,581,106 48,460,231 74,166,291 Oklahoma _ 658 625 54,964 657,106 7,882,030 11,596,868 Oregon _ _ 300 262 39,715 510,554 5,461,669 8,469,361 Pennsylvania _ 2,771 2,416 518,772 4,567,491 70,314,201 107,506,059 Rhode Island _ 384 315 44,367 491,805 6,571,817 9,956,120 South Carolina _ . 309 323 25,472 241,515 3,691,377 5,129,449 South Dakota _ 122 104 13,705 123,638 1,524,595 2,499,970 Tennessee 384 394 39,231 531,602 5,640,653 7,988,395 Texas . . . . 1,635 1,845 174,238 2,382,788 25,223,318 36,611,894 Utah _ _ _ 112 101 15,824 250,111 2,320,893 3,579,678 Vermont. . 87 79 6,827 71,549 886,733 1,536,831 Virginia . . 290 313 37,698 600,764 6,203,372 8,766,606 Washington _ .. .. 509 432 64,004 1,000,465 10,471,813 15,618,447 Wisconsin... ... _ 993 625 133,874 1,362,025 17,047,461 26,487,562 Wyoming . . . 87 83 6,833 70,878 986,172 1,559,756 District of Columbia _ 246 177 53,113 574,374 7,277,440 11,247,675 ldudes librarians. ldudes the six major current expense items only, i.e., nee, auxiliary agencies, and fixed charges. i Group IV (cities with 2, >00-9,999 population) some systems did not report complete data for these schools, ims reporting any data have been enumerated, ldudes 1,282 portables, bungalows, etc. control (administration), instruction, operation, main- All City School Systems 27 for public schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1939-40 Part-time and continua¬ tion schools5 Night schools, including American¬ ization classes5 Summer schools3 Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Interest All other debt service 913,628 $8,441,447 $847,428 $86,064,364 $178,960,702 $130,262,399 $1,594,876,876 1 108 6,339 19,820 637,891 461,227 454,415 6,447,406 2 164,649 755,977 172,392 4,506,708 3 8.113 3,110 1,490 522,654 371,141 180,539 4,651,409 4 804,396 2,228,045 17,176 7,240,581 9,054.030 14,932,119 141,350,691 5 164,142 77,497 9,474 554,796 1,002,888 1,079,624 12,807,880 6 6,060 178,335 6,697 1,096,498 2,161,811 414,660 23,392,242 7 795 35,207 2,967 51,138 32,197 67,486 2,406,134 8 78,935 67,411 539 304,134 516,401 158,947 7,672,446 9 179,615 426,632 462,478 4,256,761 10 365,656 571,506 6,255 , 4,210,308 42,925,993 16,186,883 146,612,694 11 39,033 80,399 78,100 1,356,982 2,551,309 3,361,969 35,232,786 12 23,450 29,016 10,297 989,735 1,785,540 4,206,824 23,229,441 13 _ 34,095 3,664 591,993 1,955,298 1,986,160 15,785,882 14 _ _ 6,620 3,383 755,437 1,525,055 395,851 11,604,872 15 37,656 36,819 591 350,699 1,188,119 72,729 6,582,955 16 12,918 169,964 334,521 32,638 4,372,016 17 5,451 115,521 . 23^829* 891,102 1,466,941 11,571 13,042,281 18 346,399 494,603 6,065 1,315,071 5,749,213 3,433,508 74,843,868 19 403,581 365,685 134,626 5,232,812 8,607,354 3,819,767 77,763,578 20 3,240 92,688 12,437 1,530,737 4,018,401 4,002,742 35,666,310 21 1,000 2,876 2,685 202,470 300,960 60,114 3,913,171 22 13,023 138,362 23,208 1,635,511 2,411,536 3,632,208 33,339,921 23 160,916 591,363 360,126 4,590,140 24 2,557 48,059 440 710,675 1,023,500 298,533 8,986,664 25 . . 338 - - - 44,752 98,472 45,178 900,696 26 ------ 6,552 108,335 403,210 574,924 4,426,766 27 509,563 49,388 6,668,837 7,044,716 6,458,801 94,568,509 28 1,451 1,646 136,206 349,242 602,462 3,632,107 29 510,411 1,373,902 76,775 20,899,477 24,988,609 19,074,305 314,489,967 30 2,725 2,606 5,300 1,030,347 1,088,131 587,610 11,023,186 31 95,387 204,161 184,213 2,036,355 -32 21,469 303,386 134,014 6,044,788 15,608,641 13,076,099 109.354,688 33 14,294 20,274 650 1,043,724 1,535,481 269,530 14,480,821 34 49,222 13,509 436,526 1,406,531 712,717 11,087,866 35 3,740 709,180 74,691 9,191,450 21,294,493 11,018,964 149,798,577 36 58,490 1,102,274 1,193,784 501,819 12,812,487 37 _ 5,186 . 2,536" 496,161 757,950 560.989 6.952.265 38 _ _ 1,638 708 176,152 815,424 459.855 3,953,747 39 17,514 633,179 905,443 3,246,278 12,790,809 40 64,793 48,708 20,946 3,970,399 5,315,723 4,134,501 50,166,964 41 1,745 59,485 1,729 190,496 202,439 397.696 4,433,268 42 3,489 57,440 229,481 304,257 2,131,498 43 38,820 74,843 38^533* 971,018 346,466 1,355,501 11,591.787 44 4,651 138.409 14,609 642,398 1,453,956 650,323 18,522,793 45 2,806,806 348,840 24,416 1,144,417 2,287,364 3,957,437 37,056,842 46 . 15,433 3,349 124,233 213,578 441,197 2,357,546 47 103,540 34,401 1,863,460 13,249,076 48 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Tables 5. — Buildings, personnel, and attendance data for public day State Population (1940 Census) City school systems reporting Schools School buildings Superin¬ tendents Supervisors United States 10,453,467 2,091 9,872 9,077 2,116 691 Alabama . - . 161,167 32 146 132 32 2 Arizona . 71,749 14 63 115 14 15 Arkansas . 193,430 44 371 388 45 2 California . 527,727 98 509 510 99 20 Colorado . 112,487 22 105 111 23 7 Connecticut . 56,526 7 58 48 8 3 24,335 6 21 20 7 Georgia.. . 165,131 32 135 134 32 3 Idaho . . . 70,134 18 71 80 18 1 Illinois . . . . 743,939 148 544 519 152 60 Indiana . . 326,657 63 245 239 64 55 Iowa . 312,898 68 409 259 68 5 Kansas. . 201,971 44 243 195 44 18 Kentucky . 213,750 41 206 192 42 7 Maine . 89,970 15 130 129 15 1 Massachusetts . 289,793 44 274 276 45 54 Michigan . 391,645 77 433 355 78 45 Minnesota . 305,102 62 365 229 62 57 Mississippi.. . 156,072 35 132 126 35 9 Missouri . . 291,145 64 272 259 64 13 Montana . . 76,756 17 71 76 17 8 Nebraska . 116,324 27 172 104 27 24 Nevada 21,974 4 20 17 5 New Hampshire . 45,075 8 39 39 8 1 New Jersey . 579,349 107 456 329 108 56 New Mexico . 86,461 17 91 76 18 13 New York... . . 616,284 127 526 376 129 62 North Carolina 166,488 33 193 187 33 North Dakota _ _ _ 47,042 8 36 32 8 Ohio . 644,807 124 505 433 125 14 Oklahoma . 239,148 53 286 305 53 2 Oregon . 126,347 27 128 129 27 12 Pennsylvania . 1,297,314 251 923 837 253 65 Rhode Island . 26,416 4 30 23 4 4 South Carolina 171,047 39 179 176 40 South Dakota . 54,303 14 55 49 14 2 Tennessee . 165,012 34 111 123 34 7 Texas . 714,674 149 775 970 151 12 Utah . . 5,740 1 4 9 1 1 Vermont _ 64,390 10 48 46 10 5 Virginia . . . 62,879 9 41 40 9 1 Washington . . 116,528 26 127 151 26 9 Wisconsin _ _ _ 271,498 60 288 199 61 16 Wyoming . . 31,983 8 36 35 8 librarians. City School Systems 29 schools in cities of 2,500 — 9,999 population, by State, 1939-40 Principals Teachers and other instructional staff1 Enrollment Average length of school year (days) Average daily attend¬ ance Men Women Boys Girls 2,985 19,302 62,667 1,260,308 1,239,834 179 2,194,304 34 144 913 19,805 19,992 168 33,517 39 184 536 12,446 12,059 175 20,117 57 319 1,320 34,741 35,169 170 57,576 82 1,053 3,512 67,055 62,993 174 111,392 52 260 773 15,837 15,296 180 28,805 10 52 249 4,387 4,223 181 7,752 6 74 198 3,689 3,628 181 6,194 19 218 952 20,981 21,864 179 34,520 28 267 484 12,391 12,173 174 21,365 130 803 3,528 63,947 62,344 182 110,863 119 662 1,469 35,174 34,284 175 62,196 55 576 2,027 35,391 35,337 178 62,357 69 435 1,257 26,161 25,331 178 45,319 86 326 1,144 23,585 23,440 179 43,156 17 110 502 9,493 9,426 179 16,914 74 363 1,522 27,210 26,988 178 50,048 152 872 2,386 49,283 47,886 185 86,190 82 697 2,135 36,754 36,626 175 65,951 87 201 1,002 21,928 23,011 179 36,970 106 490 1,513 32,438 31,740 180 55,467 14 102 414 7,684 7,288 177 13,536 30 227 688 13,675 13,740 177 23,984 2 37 102 2,537 2,451 177 4,053 8 65 219 4,247 3,857 178 7,371 130 864 3,331 56,971 55,970 183 97,380 47 153 537 13,230 13,210 179 21,500 147 1,230 4,375 74,657 71,275 180 128,937 86 229 1,443 30,681 30,992 171 55,252 10 59 232 4,566 4,400 179 8,276 154 1,358 3,540 73,274 71,145 181 133,577 58 550 1,620 35,279 34,094 176 61,598 63 336 785 16,156 16,134 174 27.957 199 2,770 7,105 144,118 142,158 185 262,857 1 23 130 2,314 2,326 180 4,170 29 371 1,610 33,331 35,127 175 57,046 18 120 311 6,214 6,279 179 10,877 61 160 890 17,257 17,419 174 29,975 465 1,423 4,813 107,525 104,911 176 177,126 1 18 26 731 674 174 1,280 11 60 288 4,984 4,908 176 8,869 27 75 381 7,472 7,632 180 12,923 73 359 805 20,165 19,296 178 33,234 40 556 1,442 27,069 27,384 179 50,308 7 51 158 3,475 3,354 178 5,549 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Sfc&S 30 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 6. — Current expenses, capital outlay, and other payments from current Current expense, full-time day schools State United States Total General control Instruction Operation Maintenance Auxiliary agencies $175,553,729 $11,651,362 $122,696,426 $30,953,788 $6,931,692 $9,763,287 1,153,356 101,407 936,698 75,874 19,843 9,612 1,816,217 97,788 1,307,070 190,579 88,653 101,714 1,647,853 129,367 1,174,859 149,545 36,896 105,482 12,896,057 635,193 9,235,746 1,495,072 484,218 823,414 2,088,225 118,730 1,561,333 222,133 59,556 86,706 660,851 33,576 452,379 76,093 25,126 69,322 595,070 36,808 458,603 60,212 21,605 10,709 1,235,653 110,366 962,452 94,232 35,407 18,703 1.477,879 97,761 1,028,424 173,847 44,770 119,971 9,185,405 707,535 6,324,714 1,322,409 457,886 195,223 4,528,377 286,692 3,250,053 599,196 202,665 67,973 4,990,770 295,921 3,547,085 664,249 239,842 150,927 3,167,824 185,995 2,328,348 405,913 132,901 81,733 2,263,081 187,778 1,664,880 223,143 85,436 60,362 986,141 38,906 671,037 117,465 39,317 108,224 4,633,217 202,470 3,227,286 577,003 137,150 459,982 7,663,076 507,289 5,402,348 1,095,682 292,129 274,086 7,791,426 509,011 4,771,518 1,481,400 441,992 475,465 1,438,255 136,095 1,051,837 110,220 52,014 58,772 3,583,775 268,341 2,488,296 413,049 117,495 238,198 1,164,305 90,418 802,810 153,169 33,392 66,013 1,732,543 109,246 1,243,434 235,933 79,796 39,306 380,021 15,777 289,388 41,287 15,446 17,635 652,436 27,964 410,484 69,049 24,852 89,731 12,838,898 768,610 8,150,662 1,418,623 525,854 1,867,090 1,395,613 84,878 1,039,636 136,911 53,948 61,867 16,431,514 1,012,858 11,117,877 1,862,386 488,727 1,028,054 2,233,046 114,056 1,839,550 137,819 87,057 34,194 511,181 38,107 357,687 79,195 17,261 10,873 11,119,294 685,638 7,662,565 1,573,295 527,665 477,190 3,347,602 247,249 2,473,583 290,494 134,770 151,033 2,387,099 139,736 1,681,288 288,988 113,503 129,879 22,607,523 1,799,288 15,841,832 2,516,806 850,832 945,729 392,549 20,093 252,276 48,029 18,926 53,225 2,180,845 135,546 1,742,508 141,246 61,580 69,387 951,389 64,306 677,865 139,107 46,453 15,787 1,126,676 89,125 857,463 104,334 44,533 14,918 10,846,389 958,650 7,708,990 961,515 357,135 706,190 82,200 5,042 60,295 10,544 3,484 1,823 816,317 42,200 509,806 110,450 32,201 107,330 713,583 35,629 565,845 67,646 27,878 11,158 2,977,455 145,362 2,127,689 307,972 183,309 203,868 4,379,882 298,976 3,120,119 630,787 161,139 94,418 482,861 35,579 317,808 50,887 27,050 50,011 City School Systems 31 funds for public schools in cities of 2,500 — 9,999 population, by State, 1939-40 Part-time and contin¬ uation schools Night schools, including American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expenditures Fixed charges Interest All other debt service $3,557,174 $113,345 $169,411 $15,949 $10,786,264 $21,013,566 $19,898,702 $327,550,966 9,922 108 117 18,916 39,721 84,483 1,296,701 30,413 52,191 246,966 101,068 2,216,442 5l’704 249,215 147,800 124,912 2,169,780 222,414 11,419 78,943 677,201 1,214,350 2,060,170 16,938,140 39,767 130,594 225,212 249,162 2,693,193 4,355 1,546 26,928 20,000 5,685 715,010 7.133 12,215 12,618 32,197 20,308 672,408 14,493 12,753 67,869 11,254 1,327,529 13406 83,786 160,133 214,170 1,935,968 177'638 185 251,495 710,881 1,290,090 11,438,056 121,798 275 104,234 295,034 735,025 5,662,945 62,746 320 553 230,809 509,912 857,427 6,589,791 32,934 580 128,671 488,339 374,754 4,160,168 41 ’482 95,356 260,939 202,308 2,821,684 11,192 23,758 139,234 13,138 1,162,271 29,326 4,054 24 97,505 285,912 94,276 5,114,988 91,542 1,670 1,348 375,280 704,774 228,585 8,974,733 112,040 2,650 12,256 196,705 466,995 857,036 9,327,068 29,317 70,594 143,372 13,123 1,665.344 58,396 1,203 401 1,275 214,800 414,849 734,160 4,950,463 18,503 48,058 128,945 307,700 1,649,008 24,828 68,521 150,773 75,410 2,027,247 488 338 30,752 66,472 5,210 482,793 30,356 8,393 32.871 41,004 734,704 108,059 2,366 3,115 6,069 870,058 1,053,884 906,867 15,681,257 18,373 71,976 192,242 290,441 1,950,272 921,612 1,541 8,372 2,462 1,745,980 2,210,544 1,244,050 21,644,463 20,370 107,834 270,512 157,770 2,769,162 8,058 27,462 81,020 5,427 625,090 192,941 1,454 560 550 1,063,452 2,384,327 2,655,197 17,224,834 50,473 298,789 365,554 147,404 4,159,349 33,705 114,026 440,030 453,540 3,394,695 653,036 3,057 1,151 1,439,524 4,305,481 1,649,961 30,006,697 16,964 18,300 4,860 432,673 30,578 196,926 309,256 147,300 2,834,327 7,871 1,638 708 41,641 115,594 288,562 1,399,532 16,303 28,266 26,243 107,355 1,288,540 153,909 408 1,063,345 1,717,143 1,700,531 15,327,816 1,012 382 769 5,680 5,025 191,811 285,867 14,330 25,602 176,192 300,813 1,318,924 5,427 1,767 34,788 23,242 141,343 914,723 9,255 519 56,076 183,014 154,609 3,371,673 74,443 92,284 37,053 338,785 144,053 627,627 5,619,684 1,526 1,000 29,957 38,360 22,776 574,954 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23 23 27 23 23 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Table 7. — Buildings, personnel , and attendance data for public day schools in cities of 2,500 population or more , by State, 1941-42 32 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Average length of Bchool year (days) 181.6 © os rtj 03 cm vh o o t'* wnooo ^eoco^o cd o> co © d o> cd aJoot^cdic cd oo -oot>- HHHH HHHHH HHHHrt HHHHH HHilHH F-H F-* Average daily attendance 10,633,909 118,257 46,043 98,727 803,918 97.286 164,613 19.286 123,875 42,446 759,651 293,303 178,911 136,076 117,021 61,010 52,606 98,032 513,046 548,486 208,668 83,592 265,298 34,332 85,250 8,304 32,144 486,579 37,272 1,443,083 189,882 Enrollment GirlB 6,264,193 72,568 28,718 61,684 499,845 58,004 92,085 11,303 78.885 25,297 436,060 172,731 102,269 80,462 71,736 41,686 30,068 59,420 288,674 317,266 121,271 54,223 163,058 19,330 50,292 5,613 17.886 284,129 24,154 842.882 108.883 Boys 6,376,114 70,545 29,858 60,317 527,333 57,892 94,991 11,375 74,685 25,222 454,703 175,654 104,172 82,947 71,781 38,163 29,929 60,814 298,185 322,577 121,225 49,704 166,361 19,764 51,252 5,931 18,453 292,075 24,637 863,917 104,989 Number of — Teachers1 Women 316,705 HniOfOO 05 05 © ^ CO 0 05 OiCNWH CO N »h 00 NiCiOOO) couo^co© ©cocmcocm icoooon -^looooia lO^CO 05^ CO 05 CO CO CO lO N 1C to N ©F-HQ5 00 CM co^-Tcm^cm cot-Tcq »o co~ cd r-T fncioVo cm w-T cm~ CM CM T-t^t vH ^ Men 86,533 NWJOOH OOOOON CO O 05 00 O 00 CO OhNO^ ^COCOHO 00^051000 cocoooNb. oo co cm co cm r^05cot^o io^oqooo - ^ CO CM CO HNNOO CM CO F-H F-4 f-h CM State or District of Columbia United States Alabama . . . Arizona _ _ _ Arkansas . California . . . Colorado . Connecticut . . Delaware . . . Georgia . . Idaho . . . Illinois . . . . Indiana . . . __ . Iowa . . . . . Kansas . . . . Kentucky . . Louisiana . Maine . . . Maryland . . Massachusetts . Michigan . _ . Minnesota . Mississippi . . Missouri . Montana . Nebraska . . Nevada . New Hampshire . New Jersey . . . New Mexico . . New York . North Carolina . . City School Systems 33 Receipts and balances for public schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, by State, 1941-42 34 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Balance on hand from previous school year | S 209,284 315,143 225,157 23,707,041 2,008,567 9,481 26,922 273,547 707,551 23,654,344 6,656,777 6,162,551 3,411,663 320,749 842,048 35,982 1,764,898 8,728,594 3,074,165 207,084 4,955,173 1,176,968 1,018,761 143,434 198,061 7,856,313 352 832 16,474,074 615,002 Nonrevenue All other * K i 45,519 4,686 5,747 35,207 116 474 12,647 47,780 89,390 119,682 296,468 121,498 65,404 62.607 : » i IS* | m'LZVl m'js . . 3UZ.U/0 2,279 82,179 5,941 20,195 11,117 13,008 19,128 210,520 9,155 Sales of property and insurance adjustments i i d 3,291 2,141 33,527 125,026 6,890 129 4,169 114,408 3,779 47,932 76,838 149,818 6,869 38,172 26,698 187 24,470 159,443 253,102 251 32,440 83J91 6,901 4,261 199,184 75,000 64,073 191,901 Loans and bond sales * 1 26,549 46,628 112,817 1,443,044 3,439 161,317 235,219 9,214 125,000 1,878,861 1,447,302 220,997 313,592 2.SO 714 220,000 12,000 139,061 2,327,605 1,303,758 30,925 156,867 111 I! ill -a m • o 1" Revenue All other o g 223,647 47,590 193,122 830,998 278,230 122,804 28,739 454,956 91,927 928,861 234,643 265,564 244,581 158 SQfi 45,934 35,583 16,179 774,012 3,057,834 423,789 47,390 827,382 104,036 498,607 8,236 45,256 500,731 12,524 1,245,694 260,673 r; C- O Other school districts for tuition S | I 80,272 55,827 38,684 1.785,373 102,616 258,751 1,630 249,387 114,565 1,655,406 1,203.691 1,073,546 411,073 232,494 5,766 88,388 m ’Hi I 103,804 221,254 275,260 X 376,445 7,006 144,456 4,076,672 550 969,070 376 General Taxation ‘“Sr '”d?bt appropriation 8erv ice 6fc£‘m‘6£l$ m‘S0£‘8N>$ Slsls Islli Hill sllia SlssS sWIf i=m Isili IsWs *c -h e^T o“ cs 8g2 Table 11. — Receipts and balances for public schools in cities of 2,500-9,999 population, by State, 1941-42 40 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 City School Systems £1 Table 12. — Expenditures, average annual salaries, school bonds and all other debt outstanding, and value of all school property, for schools in cities of 2,500-9,999 population, by State, 1941-42 City School Systems 43 44 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census 1 Average length ofschoolyear (days) Superintendents 1 and assistant superintendents | Supervisors § Principals 1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff * Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Alabama Birmingham . . 267,583 176 3 11 48 220 1,150 26,924 26,557 44,798 70 California Long Beach . . . 167,455 178 4 17 37 237 737 15,876 14,246 24,168 62 Los Angeles... . 1,644,010 190 12 70 472 1,969 7,292 163,806 153,212 249,455 629 Oakland . . 302,163 183 5 19 91 342 1,318 26,388 25,867 43,412 129 Sacramento _ 105,958 176 3 9 26 190 483 10,278 9,552 17,225 42 San Diego . 203,341 178 2 11 38 337 692 20,270 16,518 27,768 82 San Francisco . 634,536 181 7 21 127 501 2,167 39,577 35,338 63,338 175 Colorado Denver . 322,412 179 4 13 86 277 1,132 27,187 26,502 44,278 135 Connecticut Bridgeport . 147,121 180 2 9 36 96 672 12,131 11,737 21,495 73 Hartford . . 166,267 180 4 9 31 159 723 12,873 12,824 22,713 43 New Haven . . 160,605 187 3 9 50 163 860 14,990 14,403 25,964 86 Delaware Wilmington . . 112,504 185 4 7 24 99 448 7,699 7,544 14,826 34 District of Columbia Washington . . 663,091 179 9 29 136 477 2,672 50,108 50,825 83,844 246 Georgia Atlanta _ _ _ 302,288 176 4 11 68 294 1,245 27,223 27,791 44,720 116 Illinois Chicago . 3,396,808 195 18 51 377 2,276 11,182 250,862 234,175 411,642 718 Peoria _ _ 105,087 187 1 9 27 134 433 8,404 8,269 13,994 51 Indiana Fort Wayne . 118,410 184 1 6 26 145 430 9,163 8,884 15,745 47 Gary . 111,719 184 1 10 19 112 477 10,934 10,771 19,212 45 Indianapolis _ _ 386,972 177 4 25 106 396 1,565 32,363 31,858 53,475 115 South Bend . 101,268 175 2 7 19 143 378 8,610 8,091 14,818 51 Iowa Des Moines* . 159,819 181 2 12 29 149 701 15,756 15,383 26,648 106 Kansas Kansas City . . 121,458 176 1 8 26 132 470 12,078 11,361 20,699 99 Wichita . 114,966 178 1 7 45 102 544 11,445 10,661 18,663 69 Kentucky Louisville . 319,077 187 4 9 62 306 1,128 24,096 23,485 37,603 130 Louisiana New Orleans _ _ 494,537 182 5 8 91 305 1,595 34,702 37,981 55,935 146 Maryland Baltimore . . . 859,100 190 14 48 125 710 2,832 62,325 60,451 102,754 277 Massachusetts Boston . . . . 770,816 184 5 52 111 988 2,994 66,849 64,152 111,843 411 Cambridge _ _ 110,879 175 2 5 31 156 488 8,642 7,777 14,108 43 Fall River . 115,428 181 1 9 24 68 431 7,753 7,098 13,115 38 Lowell* . 101,389 175 1 17 14 53 368 6,754 6,678 12,037 57 New Bedford . . 110,341 183 2 11 28 64 495 8,041 7,963 14,176 53 Somerville . . 102,177 177 2 7 14 150 437 8,857 8,266 15,271 44 Springfield . 149,554 183 3 11 35 129 722 13,284 12,296 22,153 67 Worcester . 193,694 182 3 10 69 217 896 16,459 15,985 29,064 130 Michigan Detroit4 . . . 1,623,452 183 4 54 337 1,645 5,451 138,762 132,232 238,969 435 Flint . . 151,543 179 2 13 41 178 771 17,833 17,332 30,152 69 Grand Rapids . 164,292 181 2 9 35 182 732 *13,714 *13,714 23,584 82 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 45 Table 13. — Enrollment , attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group I. — CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION OR MORE City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors § Principals >1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Minnesota. Duluth . . . _. .. 101,065 181 2 7 25 144 509 9,945 9,132 16,695 78 Minneapolis . . 499,120 181 5 20 96 451 2,038 40,633 40,414 70,566 184 St. Paul _ _ _ 287,736 181 3 11 70 194 1,023 20,464 19,915 35,336 128 Missouri Kansas City _ 399,178 178 3 26 79 338 1,246 31,894 29,914 53,204 173 St. Louis _ _ 816,048 193 6 43 131 471 2,419 50,018 49,940 93,866 266 Nebraska Omaha _ _ 223,844 173 3 13 55 160 976 21,037 19,767 34,562 115 New Jersey Camden _ _ 117,536 171 1 5 29 116 562 9,952 9,493 16,704 59 Elizabeth _ 109,912 189 1 14 25 142 510 8,595 8,239 14,801 45 Jersey City . . . 301,173 188 4 19 50 279 1,272 22,477 21,121 37,464 111 Newark _ _. _ ... 429,760 190 5 25 46 541 1,735 36,259 36,134 61,141 110 Paterson . . . . 139,656 193 2 13 29 132 679 12,223 11,362 20,369 51 Trenton . . 124,697 189 1 4 30 163 478 9,557 9,178 16,333 49 New York Albany _ _ 130,577 182 2 17 28 76 493 7,931 7,316 12,795 53 Buffalo. . 575,901 6161 5 16 103 611 2,601 45,583 42,523 78,850 208 New York _ _ 7,454,995 191 43 69 1,404 7,102 27,222 570,350 552,922 967,274 1355 Rochester . . . 324,975 181 4 30 53 460 1,358 24,849 23,341 42,209 103 Syracuse. _ _ 205,967 182 5 39 52 163 1,040 17,533 16,870 29,915 89 Utica . . . 100,518 182 2 7 16 74 463 8,044 7,728 13,393 40 Yonkers _ 142,598 180 4 26 33 132 770 13,017 12,172 22,000 69 North Carolina Charlotte _ 100,899 180 1 4 18 36 491 9,098 9,569 16,359 30 Ohio Akron _ 244,791 182 4 3 57 247 1,199 25,059 23,841 43,353 60 Canton _ _ 108,401 187 1 6 25 134 492 10,279 9,663 17,923 31 Cincinnati _ 464,653 192 3 20 92 402 1,592 32,713 31,470 54,148 157 Cleveland . . 882,166 184 4 34 213 894 2,878 72,382 67,727 122,264 288 Columbus . 306,087 184 4 78 313 1,010 23,496 22,638 40,567 82 Dayton . . . 210,718 177 2 1 46 235 827 16,971 16,448 29,372 54 Toledo . . 282,349 162 2 14 54 257 1,160 22,318 21,477 39,720 113 Youngstown . 167,720 184 2 7 40 208 692 14,952 14,686 26,753 49 Oklahoma Oklahoma City _ 204,424 173 1 9 67 152 1,020 21,475 20,811 34,844 119 Tulsa... _ _ 142,157 175 3 11 40 165 690 16,169 15,449 26,596 77 Oregon Portland . . . 305,394 180 4 15 58 247 1,363 25,100 23,560 39,507 124 Pennsylvania Erie _ _ _ _ 116,955 190 2 11 23 126 497 10,092 9,316 17,006 44 Philadelphia _ _ 1,931,334 187 13 68 231 1,603 5,797 145,453 141,886 234,316 403 Pittsburgh . 671,659 200 4 55 113 687 2,315 53,989 50,251 93,327 253 Reading . . 110,568 194 1 15 12 130 574 9,365 8,950 16,671 50 Scranton _ 140,404 192 1 13 39 112 617 12,174 11,695 21,616 86 Rhode Island Providence . . . . 253,504 180 4 16 57 290 1,200 *19,701 *19,470 35,203 119 Tennessee Chattanooga . . 128,163 174 1 5 45 87 668 12,071 12,128 20,565 45 Knoxville . . . . 111,580 175 1 7 31 149 522 10,946 10,546 18,721 44 Memphis . . 292,942 180 1 8 63 142 977 22,154 22,666 37,383 63 Nashville _ _ _ 167,402 183 2 10 41 89 631 14,577 15,067 24,650 58 (See footnotes on page 46.) 46 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group I.— cities of 100,000 population or more City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Personnel Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance | Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff1 Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Texas Dallas. . . . 294,734 175 4 10 48 245 1,307 27,199 26,413 43,583 71 Fort Worth _ _ 177,662 177 3 7 51 178 936 17,300 16,796 29,147 85 Houston . 393,735 175 1 16 97 318 1,791 36,439 37,483 60,010 154 San Antonio _ 253,854 176 4 7 48 162 1,131 23,135 21,838 34,821 61 Utah Salt Lake City . 149,934 177 3 9 740 7162 7733 16,697 15,938 28,489 71 Virginia Norfolk... . . . . 144,332 180 1 8 31 80 749 12,431 12,414 21,086 39 Richmond . . 193,042 180 2 11 49 122 928 16,440 16,651 28,233 45 Washington Seattle.. _ _ 368,302 180 6 18 83 393 1,357 30,193 28,903 49,367 167 Spokane . . . . . 122,001 182 1 6 38 154 455 9,932 9,370 16,120 45 Tacoma . . . 109,408 180 2 3 33 108 438 9,728 8,955 15,768 55 Wisconsin Milwaukee. . 587,472 190 5 24 101 638 1,913 44,436 44,025 77,344 183 Populations given are for the city or, where possible to obtain, for the area served by the school system, includes librarians. sData for 1937-38. includes students for Wayne University reduced to full-time equivalent basis. ^Distribution by sex estimated. 6High schools closed 8 days and elementary schools closed 23 days because of quarantine. 7Not including the Stewart Training School at the University of Utah whose pupils are accounted for in the enrollment and attendance figures. 8Estimated. 9Data for 1940-41. “Data for 1933-34. nFire destroyed pupil records so 1937-38 data were used. “Data for white schools only. Statistics on Negro schools not available. “Includes 4 independent districts. “Data for 1938-39. City School Systems 47 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group II.— cities of 30,000-99,999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors. CO Principals !l Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff* Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Alabama Gadsden . . 36,975 176 1 2 12 22 189 4,124 3,970 6,899 Arizona Phoenix _ 65,414 165 1 6 18 53 293 6,272 6,034 9,225 Tucson . 36,818 170 1 4 18 85 268 6,185 5,549 9,820 Arkansas Fort Smith . . 36,584 177 1 2 13 28 162 3,772 3,559 6,029 Little Rock. . . 88,039 170 2 3 28 57 362 7,918 8,057 13,559 California Alameda . . 36,256 176 1 8 9 36 162 2,964 2,856 5,268 Alhambra _ 47,466 177 2 6 12 70 214 4,559 4,279 7,601 Berkeley _ 85,547 183 3 7 19 71 326 6,569 7,939 10,921 Burbank . . 34,337 179 1 »5 814 «30 »183 2,639 2,341 4,544 Fresno . . . . .. 60,685 175 2 s 4 20 144 378 8,276 7,947 13,474 Glendale _ 82,582 178 2 4 26 155 418 8,750 7.946 14,352 Inglewood. . . . 30,114 176 2 9 10 72 163 3,402 3,050 5,867 Montebello _ 840,000 180 2 4 17 41 156 3,448 3,251 6,052 Pasadena . . . 81,864 178 3 12 46 226 585 13,163 11,934 19,873 Riverside . . 34,696 177 2 2 20 99 203 4,533 4,223 7,501 San Bernardino.. _ _ 43,646 174 2 7 20 64 265 5,445 5,328 9,474 San Jose5 . 68,457 180 2 4 8 148 406 9,423 7,916 13,041 Santa Ana _ 31,921 177 1 2 21 63 195 3,719 3,604 6,238 Santa Barbara _ _ 34,958 179 2 5 12 68 188 3,471 3,173 5,828 Santa Monica . . . . 53,500 185 1 3 14 102 219 6,050 4,569 7,800 Stockton _ _ 54,714 178 1 3 2 134 303 6,872 6,289 11,129 Colorado Colorado Springs. . 36,789 182 2 14 51 173 3,391 3,251 6,174 Pueblo: District No. 1 1 __ / 180 1 3 7 22 126 2,548 2,406 4,081 District No. 20 . > 52,162 t 180 1 1 9 36 153 3,357 3,289 5,558 Connecticut Bristol . . . . . 30,167 182 1 15 8 34 169 2,862 2,872 5,170 Meriden... _ _ 39,494 180 1 3 12 35 147 2,852 2,792 5,041 New Britain . . . 68,685 183 1 14 18 73 375 6,573 6,468 11,261 New London . . 30,456 179 1 2 8 2 123 2,096 2,020 3,462 Norwalk . . 39,849 180 1 4 5 27 195 3,522 3,148 6,143 Norwich 34,140 181 1 3 4 139 2,039 1,851 3,394 Stamford . . 61,215 178 1 3 16 86 335 5,937 5,638 10,127 Waterbury . . . . 99,314 181 1 1 24 85 462 8,248 6,923 13,513 West Hartford . . . 33,776 180 1 1 12 37 138 2,663 2,660 4,629 West Haven . . 30,021 181 1 4 11 16 154 3,030 2,970 5,306 Georgia Columbus . . . . 53,280 180 1 4 5 41 261 5,956 6,199 9,986 Illinois Alton . . . . 31,255 190 1 5 3 46 144 3,688 3,596 6,263 Aurora: East Side . . J 47,170 / 192 1 1 8 33 123 2,668 2,432 4,?79 West Side . . 1 181 1 6 29 82 1,485 1,385 2,333 Berwyn: District. No 98 f 189 1 6 60 926 910 1,601 District No. 100 > 48,451 { 182 1 8 81 1,326 1,207 2,145 Bloomington . . 32,868 176 1 3 ii 27 136 2,514 2,419 4,390 Cicero _ _ 64,712 194 1 10 7 17 184 2,358 2,226 4,448 Danville _ _ _ 36,919 184 1 4 11 29 225 4,035 3,736 6,693 Decatur . . 59,305 179 1 3 20 62 271 5,834 5,565 9,848 East St. Louis . . 80,132 189 2 6 17 75 342 7,650 7,214 12,796 Elgin 38,333 169 1 12 37 142 2,781 2,681 4,965 Evanston: District No. 75... . } 65,389 / 184 1 9 7 12 150 2,340 2,102 3,457 District No. 76 . . \ 179 1 3 1 6 92 1,244 1,338 2,148 Joliet . 42,365 179 1 1 11 12 214 3,237 3,105 5,483 o ! o M iz; 25 33 24 17 22 17 22 34 *17 46 46 13 26 52 29 38 32 32 21 21 39 26 17 18 25 21 30 16 28 34 36 58 20 19 34 19 18 11 7 12 11 14 19 21 35 12 18 9 27 (See footnotes on page 46.) 48 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city , 1939-40 — Continued Group II. — CITIES OF 30,000-99,999 POPULATION •t wG ' Personnel Popu- 2 2 Teachers and Enrollment Average JS | City lation £? S -i Ti ® other instruc¬ daily O 1940 P 3 Ji >* CD CD tional staff1 attend¬ £ Census1 -g.2-S CO *<3 ance ? s § > £ fc g II & CD P* ’3 a Wom¬ 1 < *o £ § m P m E Men en Boys Girls 55 26,648 \ 178 1 A Q 15 119 2,070 1,955 3,538 10,933 O 8 34,608 j 182 1 4 10 35 169 2,840 2,731 2,944 7,128 3,247 2,732 2.693 2,969 6.693 3,108 6,140 2,192 4,784 4,314 5,164 12,102 5,379 10,616 3,668 24 Oak Park . . . . 66,015 193 1 5 11 13 210 22 40,469 189 2 10 52 149 23 84,637 181 1 4 17 88 345 21 42,775 190 1 1 11 36 161 15 75,503 175 1 3 17 78 300 6,273 35 34,241 181 1 9 9 113 2,248 22 Indiana 41,572 54,637 33,434 97,062 70,184 173 1 3 3 59 171 4,107 5,064 3,244 8,779 7,262 3,566 5,229 3,268 4,908 4,078 4,832 3,070 8,601 6,764 3,340 5,123 3,309 4,684 6,826 8,624 5,784 14,745 12,067 6,064 8,897 26 187 2 9 12 75 211 29 173 5 3 42 159 19 181 l 8 14 164 426 38 184 1 1 17 104 349 37 33,795 177 1 *5 12 42 156 13 49,720 35,147 62,693 178 1 7 14 76 203 33 183 2 3 10 45 157 5,620 8,441 20 Terre Haute . .. .. 183 3 4 7 64 262 23 Iowa Cedar Rapids . 62,120 190 1 8 20 62 302 4,928 4,481 5,256 2,339 3,208 4,789 4,534 5,066 1,990 3,214 7,938 8,765 8,448 8,689 3,767 5,656 13,947 34 Council Bluffs . _ . 41,439 66,039 183 1 2 19 40 234 36 Davenport... . . . 180 1 7 13 55 265 40 Dubuque _ _ 43,892 31,570 82,364 187 1 4 7 30 150 21 Ottumwa _ 184 1 2 12 23 173 28 Sioux City... _ 182 1 7 25 75 449 8,036 56 Waterloo: East Side . J 51,743 ; iso 1 9 20 118 2,396 2,576 2,335 2,343 4,029 4,006 16 West Side . \ 182 1 1 9 19 114 20 Kansas Hutchinson . . . 30,013 177 1 2 13 44 156 3,557 6,159 3,494 5,955 6,065 10,687 24 Topeka . 67,833 172 1 10 30 50 350 54 Kentucky Covington . . 62,018 49,304 30,631 30,245 33,765 190 1 8 15 64 228 *4,042 *3,918 2,004 2,512 2,542 *3,915 *4,120 1,811 2,423 2,456 6,495 6,786 26 Lexington _ 182 2 6 12 32 211 25 Newport _ 182 1 6 12 17 119 3,444 12 Owensboro _ 186 1 2 7 32 118 3,989 13 Paducah _ 178 1 2 5 28 144 4,607 22 Maine Lewiston _ 38,598 73,643 181 J 8 17 108 2,001 1,933 6,055 3,577 10,773 21 Portland . . . 184 2 6 10 65 342 6,128 58 Massachusetts Arlington . . 40,013 62,343 49,786 41,259 41,664 46,784 41,824 46,752 63,750 84,323 98,123 68,010 63,083 178 j 3 13 46 196 3,546 5,094 3,420 3,546 2,944 4,636 2,488 3,462 3,380 5,324 7 612 3,437 5,009 3,281 3,260 2,635 4,557 2.420 3,527 3,099 4,944 7,026 4,408 5,674 5.857 4,107 6.857 3.420 2,812 3,044 3,063 3,301 6,459 9,391 5,845 6,060 4,855 8,462 4,553 6,429 5,859 9 518 13 Brockton _ 179 1 8 48 317 32 Brookline . . 179 1 6 9 50 227 27 Chelsea _ 178 1 8 5 54 187 10 Chicopee _ 181 1 5 10 29 175 26 Everett . 179 2 4 10 81 269 19 Fitchburg . . . . 178 1 6 19 46 U8 19 Haverhill . . 180 1 3 9 35 185 26 Holyoke _ _ 182 1 12 50 230 29 Lawrence . . 176 1 10 17 70 331 26 Lynn _ _ _ 177 2 10 15 93 385 13,376 8,081 10,338 11,128 7,609 12,915 6,263 *5,082 5,434 5,648 6,236 32 Malden _ _ _ 179 8 15 54 246 4,532 5,872 6,557 4,329 7,207 18 Medford _ _ 179 2 9 16 87 286 24 Newton _ _ 69,873 49,684 75,810 34,405 41,213 37,395 40,020 35,427 180 1 7 19 115 360 48 Pittsfield . 180 1 7 20 46 244 27 Quincy _ 182 2 6 18 85 382 25 Revere _ _ 176 1 8 7 46 210 3,618 2,963 2,931 3 198 16 Salem _ _ 177 1 2 8 45 166 31 Taunton _ _ 177 3 5 23 198 22 Waltham _ _ _ 178 1 2 6 40 187 26 Watertown . 176 1 5 8 46 192 3^360 19 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 49 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group II. — CITIES OF 30,000-99,999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors ►ri 3 Principals 1 1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff* Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Michigan Battle Creek . . 43,453 180 1 7 14 60 203 4,744 4,703 7,983 31 Bay City . . 47,956 171 1 9 17 56 225 4,123 3,983 7,386 35 Dearborn: City District. . \ 63,584 / 178 1 7 37 88 *1,894 *1,819 3,356 13 Fordson District . \ 195 2 5 16 133 192 *4,758 *4,757 8,923 26 Hamtramck . 49,839 181 2 *6 *9 *49 *163 3,822 3,624 6,544 14 50,810 188 2 8 54 270 4,643 4,686 8,076 18 Jackson . 49,656 178 2 5 16 82 237 5.677 5.485 9,362 31 Kalamazoo . 54,097 182 1 10 15 80 291 *5,336 *5,335 9,064 37 Lansing . 78,753 182 2 7 27 112 382 8,503 8,071 14,242 49 Muskegon . 47,697 169 2 5 17 73 225 *5,148 *5,147 8,857 32 Pontiac . . 66,626 180 2 4 17 76 309 7,339 7,108 12,833 38 Port Huron . . . 32,759 181 1 4 12 52 193 3,578 3,486 6,109 30 Saginaw . 82,794 200 1 5 24 100 371 8,335 7,719 14,443 51 30,618 200 1 8 39 131 2,760 2,754 4,536 13 Mississippi Jackson . . 62,107 181 1 7 13 39 217 5,147 5,520 8,300 18 35,481 180 1 13 42 203 4,198 4,804 6,863 24 Missoubi Joplin . 37,144 180 1 2 18 53 178 4,377 3,970 7,266 21 St. Joseph . . . 75,711 178 1 4 29 63 342 6,685 6,277 10,372 36 Springfield . . 61,238 177 1 5 17 53 306 5,958 5,827 9,990 26 University City . 33,023 197 1 4 8 48 150 2,631 2,449 4,468 14 Montana Butte _ _ 37,081 178 1 18 13 228 3,076 2,981 5,471 19 Nebraska Lincoln . 81,984 176 2 9 26 57 414 7,973 7,659 13,768 57 New Hampshire Manchester . . . 77,685 175 2 6 15 83 187 4,100 3,997 7,230 40 Nashua... . 32,927 178 2 1 2 34 129 2,103 2,053 3,836 11 New Jersey Atlantic City . . . 64,094 175 2 7 14 77 296 5,240 5,030 8,538 28 Bayonne . 79,198 192 2 13 14 113 443 7,014 6,509 11,851 31 Bloomfield . . . 41,623 188 1 4 13 55 224 3,930 3,733 6,515 21 Clifton . 48,827 192 1 4 14 31 242 4,424 4,278 7,512 30 East Orange . 68,945 186 1 8 11 92 259 4,636 4,373 7,837 22 Hoboken . 50,115 192 1 3 12 60 230 4,292 3,972 6,958 17 Irvington _ 55,328 190 1 12 77 240 4,687 4,471 7,730 20 Kearny9 . 39,467 190 1 *10 *9 *37 *194 3,370 3,214 5,530 20 Montclair . 39,807 184 2 6 10 68 222 3,668 3,576 6,276 27 New Brunswick . 33,180 186 1 6 8 35 188 2,935 2,927 5,041 14 North Bergen . 39.714 192 2 3 8 8 184 2,984 2,899 4,922 17 Orange . 35,717 186 1 1 8 42 175 3,086 3,004 5,410 16 Passaic . . 61,394 185 2 1 15 50 348 5,505 5,139 9,145 26 Perth Amboy . 41,242 185 1 7 14 48 214 3,264 3.245 5,729 24 Plainfield . 37,469 188 1 3 7 55 220 3.619 3.519 6,179 27 South Orange . 36,881 187 1 6 12 57 217 3.523 3,344 6,061 21 Union City... . 56,173 192 1 7 9 79 291 5,215 4,979 8,528 20 West New York . 39,439 192 1 4 7 38 208 3,582 3,405 5,772 11 New Mexico Albuquerque _ _ 35,449 180 1 2 13 39 202 4,578 4,383 7,198 18 New York Amsterdam . 33.329 180 2 7 10 28 277 3.073 2.824 5,491 25 Auburn . 35,7o3 180 1 3 7 30 167 2,771 2,580 4,708 18 Binghamton . . . 78,309 183 2 8 19 92 514 7,682 7,375 13,728 38 Elmira.. . 45,106 183 1 10 12 45 235 4,103 3,987 7,019 22 Jamestown . 42,638 184 2 7 13 30 270 4,270 4,149 7,458 22 Mount Vernon _ 67,362 183 3 6 16 78 391 6,371 6,313 10,948 28 Newburgh . 31.883 185 1 4 91 38 179 3,003 l 2,885 5,038 1 (See footnotes on page 46.) 50 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30.000-99.999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors fD Principals | P el Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls New Rochelle . 58,048 179 2 5 T6 80 294 5,032 4,694 8,497 Niagara Falls . 78,029 185 3 10 21 109 480 8,224 7,729 14,413 Poughkeepsie . 40,478 184 1 11 11 20 189 3,430 3,293 5,756 Rome . 34,214 183 1 5 7 20 165 2,797 2,697 5,202 Schenectady . 87,549 182 3 11 22 104 472 7,965 7,680 14,134 Troy: Lansingburg District... / 182 1 5 10 71 1,053 966 1,776 Union District . i 183 1 7 13 24 191 3,153 2,937 5,034 Watertown . 33,385 180 1 10 11 22 216 3,235 2,963 5,409 White Plains . 40,327 180 2 7 9 70 234 4,224 3,891 6,953 North Carolina 51,310 180 1 15 30 227 4,597 4,651 7,699 Durham . 60,195 180 1 1 17 56 292 5,955 6,363 10,562 Greensboro . 59,319 180 2 2 17 41 264 5,284 5,153 9,482 High Point . . . 38,495 180 1 13 23 214 4,211 4,194 7,705 Raleigh . 46,897 180 1 1 10 25 236 4,969 4,570 8,137 Winston-Salem* . 79,815 180 1 1 21 52 375 7,967 7,887 14,225 North Dakota Fargo . 32,580 180 1 2 13 46 150 2,530 2,430 4,501 Ohio Cleveland Heights . 60,973 181 2 4 13 78 218 4,455 4,469 7,945 East Cleveland _ 39,495 180 2 10 48 188 2,918 2,921 5,476 Hamilton5 . 50,592 180 1 2 3 44 205 4,488 4,391 8,288 Lakewood . . . 69,160 180 2 6 14 80 265 4,745 4,395 8.440 Lima5 _ _ _ 44,711 181 1 1 2 55 192 3,705 3,575 6,839 Lorain . . 44,125 184 2 3 9 62 157 3,760 3.494 6,983 Mansfield . 37,154 181 1 7 4 68 157 3,205 2,970 5,622 Marion . 30,817 180 1 5 9 36 149 3,148 2,936 5,466 Middletown5 31,220 180 1 7 41 161 3,199 3,079 6,078 Newark . 31,487 187 1 2 9 40 133 2,577 2,578 4,789 Norwood .. _ 34,010 198 1 6 40 99 2,043 2,052 3,738 Portsmouth . 40,466 180 1 2 5 54 212 4,359 4,139 7,521 Springfield . 70,662 197 1 2 12 95 292 6,035 5,984 10,750 Steubenville 37,651 182 1 10 29 179 2,865 2 758 5,366 Warren _ _ _ 42,837 180 1 14 60 195 4,204 4,025 7,805 ’Zanesville . 37,500 187 1 1 4 47 202 3,457 3,273 6,282 Oklahoma Muskogee . 32,332 177 1 2 11 41 182 3,999 3,946 6,598 Oregon Salem . 30,908 171 1 1 11 36 152 *3,003 *2,885 4,939 Pennsylvania Allentown . . 96,904 189 2 14 7 138 359 8,206 7,893 15,045 Altoona . 80,214 180 1 7 4 101 396 7,898 7,949 14,021 Bethlehem . 58,490 192 1 4 11 99 207 5,548 5,082 9,620 Chester . 59,285 182 2 2 9 71 255 5,268 5,243 8,420 Easton . 33,589 188 1 5 15 53 134 3,360 3,175 5,909 Harrisburg . 83,893 189 1 6 9 128 317 6,706 6,556 11,692 Haileton . 38,009 187 1 6 7 77 187 4,087 3,896 7,270 Johnstown . 66,668 180 1 7 12 75 328 6,445 6,189 11,839 Lancaster . 61,345 190 1 8 7 102 253 *5,065 *5,065 9,019 Lower Merion(P.O., Ardmore) 39,566 180 2 12 78 188 2,929 2,786 5,294 McKeesport . 55,355 180 1 6 16 63 274 *5,645 *5,425 10.101 New Castle . _ 47,638 180 1 9 63 255 5,469 5,151 9,380 N orristown ............. 38,181 182 1 3 52 157 3,167 3,024 5,770 Upper Darby . 56,883 188 1 5 11 89 232 4,164 4,078 7,185 Wilkes-Barre . . 86,236 182 1 13 12 116 429 *7,887 *7,888 fi4,079 Williamsport _ 44,355 190 1 4 95 192 4,374 4,079 7,614 York . 56,712 180 1 7 9 114 253 5,494 5,347 9,550 I •g GO o M a a 55 25 42 17 21 46 8 27 26 24 18 21 25 13 18 21 14 21 14 17 25 16 15 13 17 12 17 11 17 28 11 14 18 18 11 29 28 27 2l J6 26 !3 3? 4 Jo 2o I (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 51 Table 13 —Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40— Continued Group II. — CITIES OF 30,000—99,999 POPULATION City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Aveiage length of school year (days) Personnel Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Rhode Island Cranston . . . 47,085 180 2 3 5 55 253 4,571 4,391 7,797 51 East Providence . ._ 32,165 182 2 2 10 41 187 2,903 2,872 5,177 21 Newport.. . . 30,532 181 1 1 6 38 147 2,436 2,284 4,099 17 Pawtucket . . 75,797 180 2 5 16 83 375 5,630 5,583 9,852 23 Woonsocket . . 49,303 179 1 3 2 18 161 2,677 2,555 4,559 19 South Carolina Charleston. _ _ 71,275 182 2 5 16 57 287 6,061 6,277 10,163 13 Columbia . . 67,091 176 2 4 13 75 336 6,427 6,821 11,530 25 Greenville . . 34,734 180 1 6 6 34 207 4,283 4,502 7,173 19 Spartanburg . 32,249 175 1 8 13 30 208 3,648 3,678 6,448 12 South Dakota Sioux Falls _ 40,832 180 1 3 13 37 231 3,933 3,760 6,736 25 Texas Amarillo... _ _ 51,686 176 1 3 11 71 244 4,608 4,546 8,724 23 Austin. . . . . 87,930 176 1 3 14 105 410 8,210 8,074 12,977 30 Beaumont: City District . . 1 f 178 2 4 14 35 218 3,968 3,862 6,887 14 French District... _ } 59,061 \ 176 1 3 0 41 898 842 1,507 5 South Park District _ 1 178 1 4 33 68 1,450 1,327 2^515 5 Corpus Christi... . . 57,301 176 1 4 16 59 257 4,978 4,863 9,117 16 El Paso _ 96,810 175 2 4 23 80 541 8,960 10,518 18,549 25 Galveston . . 60,862 176 1 8 13 43 255 4,437 4,425 7,315 20 Laredo _ _ 39.274 175 1 5 4 20 173 3,936 4,056 7,413 18 Lubbock . 3L853 175 1 3 9 47 151 3,808 3,539 5,825 12 Port Arthur... . . . 46,140 180 1 1 9 66 250 5,616 5,439 9,305 18 Waco . . . . . 55,982 175 1 3 15 54 318 5,717 5,889 9,630 21 Wichita Falls . 45,112 175 1 2 14 57 221 4,967 4,600 8,267 19 Utah Ogden... . . 43,688 177 2 5 16 88 229 5,002 4,911 8,987 17 Virginia Alexandria . . . 33,523 180 1 2 8 18 157 2,983 2,799 5,138 10 Arlington . . 57,040 190 1 5 3 50 208 4,264 4,073 7,202 25 Danville . . . 32,749 180 1 1 10 30 184 3,409 3,372 5,923 14 Lynchburg . . 44,541 184 1 4 11 37 220 4,203 4,215 7,555 21 Newport News _ 37,067 183 1 5 11 42 179 3,644 3,629 6,225 11 Petersburg . 30,631 183 1 2 11 21 155 3,018 3,271 5,371 12 Portsmouth... . 50,745 185 1 4 11 21 215 4,327 4,253 7,271 18 Roanoke. . . 69,287 180 2 2 19 54 399 6,890 6,916 11,593 20 Washington Everett . . 30,224 180 1 3 10 50 157 3,445 3,380 5,646 16 Wisconsin Eau Claire . . 30,745 173 1 4 6 49 130 82,730 82,623 4,984 17 Green Bay . 46,235 179 1 8 14 50 194 3,799 3,494 6,214 29 Kenosha _ _ 48,765 181 2 4 15 49 236 4,610 4,415 8,037 26 La Ciosse.. . 42,707 185 1 1 5 45 162 3,212 3,458 5,936 23 Madison _ 67,447 176 1 5 17 63 358 6,298 5,972 10,243 25 Oshkosh _ 39,089 174 1 4 10 45 198 3,463 3,441 6,371 25 Racine _ 67,195 190 1 4 13 73 303 6,400 6,171 10,945 34 Sheboygan . . 40,638 185 1 3 8 66 187 3,595 3,575 6,634 20 Superior _ 35,136 175 1 3 10 52 159 2,982 2,861 5,266 35 West Allis . . . . 36,364 190 1 5 12 61 196 83,659 *3,499 6,215 20 (See footnotes on page 46.) 52 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city , 1939-40 Group III.— CITIES OF 10, 000-29,999 POPULATION City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents 1 and assistant | superintendents | Supervisors HH 1 § 1 Principals si Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff3 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Alabama 25,523 175 | 9 10 130 2,760 2,792 4,464 12 Bessemer . 24,203 180 1 2 1 23 92 2,317 2,510 4,140 7 16,604 176 3 12 77 1,761 1,744 2,910 13 Dothan _ 17,194 169 i 1 3 10 76 1,696 1,634 2,947 10 11,703 175 i 5 9 76 1,410 1,440 2,534 g 15^043 176 i 6 10 85 1,774 1,843 3,054 9 Huntsville . 13,050 175 i 1 3 8 63 1,504 1,571 2,421 8 15,351 161 i 1 10 68 1,799 1,742 3,178 9 19,834 175 i 2 14 95 1,960 2,095 3,478 8 Tuscaloosa . 27,493 171 1 6 24 121 2,691 2,750 4,514 12 Arkansas Blytheville . 10,652 173 1 1 3 13 43 1,230 1,255 1,988 7 El Dorado _ _ 15,858 176 j 6 18 84 1,668 1,696 2,923 6 21,370 174 2 7 13 106 2,489 2,413 4,214 13 11,729 178 2 3 13 56 1,211 1,204 2,129 13 North Little Rock . 2L137 180 i 1 2 26 111 2,676 2,675 4,571 14 21,290 172 i 3 26 110 2,411 2,486 4,369 17 1L821 176 i 7 16 62 1,443 1,404 2,502 10 California Albany _ 11,493 180 2 18 61 1,183 1,119 2,058 5 Anaheim . 11,031 173 2 4 7 13 40 728 659 1,257 12 Bakersfield . . 29,252 178 2 3 14 24 190 3,413 3,247 5,922 25 Beverly Hills . 26,823 179 2 4 7 42 146 2,219 2,135 3,615 9 Brawley . 11,718 161 3 3 3 7 61 1,443 1,291 2,450 5 Burlingame _ 15,940 183 2 7 50 891 758 1,420 11 Compton _ 16,198 175 2 9 8 77 1,574 1,463 2,803 19 El Centro _ _ _ 10,017 170 8 33 56 1,370 1,340 2,498 10 El Monte . *25,000 175 1 1 4 25 72 1,695 1,548 2,703 7 Eureka _ _ 17,055 180 1 5 3 23 88 1,734 1,643 2,997 12 Fullerton _ _ _ 10,442 172 1 4 2 48 686 641 1,174 7 Lodi . 11,079 175 2 5 32 63 1,579 1,386 2,577 5 Lynwood - . - - 10,982 177 1 5 7 44 921 865 1,603 10 Merced . 10,135 174 1 1 4 6 38 826 771 1.398 6 Modesto _ _ 16,379 176 1 2 13 93 137 3,870 3,423 5,879 13 Monrovia _ 12,807 175 1 7 47 846 681 1,416 12 Monterey _ 10,084 184 1 4 6 47 919 905 1,614 8 National City* _ 10,344 180 1 1 4 42 798 718 1,280 9 Ontario . . . .. 14,197 171 1 i 7 13 69 1,384 1,444 2,583 12 Palo Alto.. . 16,774 184 1 4 8 29 94 1,828 1,648 2,946 14 Pomona . . . . 23,539 180 2 4 10 54 125 2,798 2,390 4,496 17 Redlands _ _ 14,324 176 1 40 92 1,979 1,844 3,337 13 Redondo Beach _ 13,092 176 1 4 9 47 1,005 975 1,545 8 Redwood City _ 12,453 179 1 1 14 48 1,157 1,082 1,918 11 Richmond . . 29,779 185 2 4 14 38 180 3.431 3,073 5,794 22 Salinas _ _ 11,586 175 1 6 45 99 2,332 2,113 3,619 9 San Gabriel . 11,867 176 1 1 4 3 55 941 916 1,611 9 San Leandro . 14,611 181 2 2 3 3 42 862 791 1,432 8 San Mateo . . . . 19,403 181 1 2 7 50 1,001 900 1,696 13 Santa Cruz _ 16,896 177 1 4 36 79 1,610 1,616 2,795 10 Santa Rosa . . 12,605 175 1 1 5 30 71 1,580 1,419 2,608 9 South Pasadena . . 14,356 174 2 3 9 27 78 1,470 1,491 2,533 11 Vallejo _ _ 20,072 185 1 *2 *4 *32 *93 2,213 2,014 3,627 14 Ventura _ 13,264 177 1 1 1 6 31 561 549 1,008 10 Whittier _ _ 16,115 177 1 1 1 9 46 819 870 1,528 12 Colorado Boulder . . . 12,958 180 1 3 3 30 79 1,417 1,315 2,435 15 Fort Collins . 12,251 181 1 2 2 23 84 1,536 1,458 2,614 11 Grand Junction _ 12,479 181 1 5 10 26 76 1,641 1,741 2,996 10 Greeley _ _ 15,995 177 1 2 5 22 95 1,913 1,896 3,141 9 Trinidad . . . 13,223 176 1 1 7 14 76 1,401 1,432 2,696 7 Connecticut Ansonia _ _ 19,210 183 1 *3 9 25 85 1,635 1,579 2,953 8 Danbury _ 22,339 180 1 1 5 19 115 2,214 2,166 3,905 12 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 53 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance , length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city , 1939-40 — Continued Group III.— cities of 10,000-29,999 population City • Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of Bchool year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents I i .3 > £ Principals 1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff3 - 1 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 10,287 181 1 4 8 38 864 766 1,485 East Hartford . . . . 18,615 181 1 2 11 11 91 1,563 1,563 2,860 10,910 181 1 1 11 64 1,204 1,096 2,011 26,495 182 1 3 20 70 1,356 1,300 2,361 Naugatuck... . . 15,388 180 1 4 2 10 73 1,273 1,218 2,229 10,971 180 1 2 11 51 962 920 1,667 Stratford . 22,580 180 1 4 5 12 127 2,476 2,373 4,289 Torrington . 26,988 182 1 3 9 29 128 2,320 2,271 4,236 Wallingford . . 14,788 181 1 4 8 79 1,260 1,281 2,294 13,824 185 1 5 10 65 1,231 1,263 2,196 Georgia Albany . 19,055 180 1 3 3 18 102 2,227 2,297 3,562 20,650 182 1 4 7 111 2,047 2,186 3,437 Dalton . . . 10,448 180 1 12 51 1,177 1,236 1,855 Decatur . . . 16,561 175 1 1 9 13 86 1,509 1,628 2,695 10,243 179 8 45 1,030 1,066 1,663 Griffin _ _ 13,222 180 i 1 13 64 1,326 1,414 2,147 21,983 180 i 8 7 120 2,564 2,567 3,925 Moultrie _ 10,147 180 i 3 20 60 1,273 1,429 2,188 Rome _ _ _ 26,282 180 i 1 2 21 116 2,778 2,747 4,312 Thomasville . 12,683 180 2 1 5 11 64 1,442 1,487 2,376 Valdosta _ 15,595 180 1 11 81 1,957 2,205 3,318 Waycross _ 16,763 180 1 15 102 2,019 2,245 3,392 Idaho Boise _ _ 26,130 179 1 2 2 55 134 3,110 3,008 5,301 Onenr d’Alene 10,049 180 1 2 16 52 1,058 1,093 1,909 Idaho Falls _ _ 15,024 175 1 2 5 36 72 1,921 1,890 3,324 Lewiston _ 10,548 173 1 4 16 54 1,074 1,159 1,906 Nampa . . . 12,149 180 1 2 6 40 55 1,710 1,556 2,835 Pocatello . . 20,824 173 1 1 11 35 123 2,921 2,774 5,049 Twin Falls . . . 11,851 176 1 7 23 80 1,858 1,749 3,211 Illinois Belleville10 . 28,405 186 1 4 9 64 1,294 1,235 2,252 Blue Island. 16,638 188 6 47 720 689 1,260 Brookfield 10,817 180 1 4 22 478 413 690 Cairo* . . . 14,407 181 1 13 64 *1,224 *1,223 2,195 Calumet City: District No. 155 } 13,241 / 190 1 1 18 260 262 513 District No. 156 \ 190 1 13 252 268 432 Canton . . 11,577 180 1 1 1 19 67 1,385 1,270 2,395 Centralia . . . 16,343 180 1 6 7 4 52 1,082 961 1,6/3 Champaign . . 23,302 179 1 4 12 34 107 2,094 1,884 3,502 Chicago Heights.. _ 22,461 184 | 6 11 70 1,242 1,265 2,387 Dixon* _ 10,671 175 1 *11 *60 *1,177 ‘1,131 1,927 East Moline 12,359 186 1 1 3 40 701 708 1,073 Elmhurst _ _ _ _ _ 15,458 180 1 2 5 5 57 1,058 934 1,689 Elmwood Park (P. 0., Chicago) 13,689 181 1 1 5 39 861 817 1,567 Forest Park 14,840 190 1 2 4 34 619 572 1,077 Freeport _ _ 22,366 187 1 2 10 24 92 1,943 1,855 3,439 Galesburg _ _ 28,876 194 1 3 4 38 122 2,519 2,432 4,509 Granite City 22,974 180 1 8 17 90 1,786 1,752 3,180 Harrisburg* _ _ 11,453 189 1 2 6 5 39 984 875 1,553 Harvey. . . 17,878 179 1 3 5 44 889 847 1,440 Highland Park: District No. 107 \ 14,476 / 183 1 5 30 426 359 676 District No. 108 l 184 1 3 10 45 570 545 938 Jacksonville _ 19,844 180 1 6 23 71 1,359 1,356 2,336 Kankakee _ _ 22,241 181 1 2 5 8 98 1,686 1,552 2,878 Kewanee . . 16,901 180 1 1 3 17 67 1,300 1,245 2,282 La Grange _ 13,885 181 1 3 5 65 908 877 1,508 La Salle* . 12,812 188 1 2 40 497 468 936 Lincoln . 12,752 190 1 1 1 5 36 612 587 1,057 Mat toon _ _ 15,827 183 1 8 13 67 1,759 1,768 3,456 .3 | s o i 5 15 16 9 17 6 23 15 12 9 12 13 6 9 4 11 11 6 17 8 7 13 13 8 9 6 6 11 5 18 6 2 12 5 2 8 7 12 7 10 9 11 2 8 9 13 9 6 4 3 7 6 11 8 8 7 5 8 (See footnotes on page 46.) 54 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000-29,999 POPULATION City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors s Principals o P il Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 14,724 185 1 7 15 60 1,308 1,237 2,037 7 16^005 186 1 1 2 59 1,067 1,036 1,842 12 12,063 179 1 6 43 848 760 1,306 8 Pekin . . . . 19,407 181 1 4 1 11 72 1,444 1,310 2,563 8 Sterling: 1 11,363 / 186 1 1 2 16 *330 *301 525 2 District No. 11 . [ 183 7 24 524 490 887 4 Streator . . 14,930 190 2 3 10 24 75 1,416 1,342 2,422 13 14,064 190 1 2 14 73 1,320 1,335 2,231 8 12,383 188 1 1 12 47 830 766 1,533 5 Wilmette . 17^226 182 3 2 7 68 920 839 1,646 12 Winnetka . 12,430 180 1 7 4 8 63 818 743 1,291 9 Indiana Bedford . . . 12,514 176 1 *5 6 15 71 1,523 1,436 2,543 6 20,870 174 J 37 107 2,247 2,256 3,964 10 Columbus . . 1L738 180 1 1 5 23 45 1,371 1,239 2,269 6 12,898 176 1 5 18 55 1,227 1,221 2,116 7 11,089 178 1 2 21 55 1,194 1,149 2,055 12 El wood . . . 10,913 177 1 1 2 19 44 1,117 1,037 1,855 7 Frankfort . 13,706 174 1 8 7 29 55 1,549 1,419 2,690 5 Goshen . . . . . 11,375 174 1 3 2 24 44 1,162 1,087 1,946 10 Huntington. _ _ 13,903 180 1 1 7 25 68 1,316 1,293 2,182 13 Jeffersonville . . . 11,493 180 1 3 1 21 56 1,149 1,133 1,986 9 La Fayette . . 28,798 179 1 4 10 39 106 2,347 2,175 3,908 11 La Porte _ 16,180 184 1 6 2 27 69 1,522 1,450 2,716 13 Logansport . . . . 20,177 180 1 1 3 22 97 1,503 1,477 2,906 18 Marion . . 26,767 180 1 3 13 30 126 2,742 2,661 4,628 17 Michigan City . . 26,476 173 1 2 7 34 98 2,142 2,000 3,631 20 Mishawaka _ _ 28,298 178 1 4 11 36 135 3,177 2,945 5,361 17 New Albany . 25,414 175 1 4 14 32 93 2,214 2,176 4,021 15 Newcastle _ _ _ 16,620 < 175 1 3 2 30 68 1,753 1,807 3,108 7 Peru . . . 12,432 177 1 2 26 58 1,328 1,248 2,215 10 Shelbyville 10,791 169 1 7 17 47 1,054 1,019 1,834 6 Vincennes _ _ 18,228 177 1 1 5 25 78 1,869 1,771 2,929 14 Whiting _ _ 10,307 191 1 4 21 43 905 813 1,571 7 Iowa Ames . . 12,555 176 1 2 7 14 74 1,205 1,181 2,158 16 Boone _ _ 12,373 172 1 • 2 8 16 68 1,339 1,367 2,434 16 Burlington _ 25,832 190 1 6 13 43 151 2,420 2,334 4,502 26 Clinton: City District . . l Oft o7fl r 177 1 5 f 17 109 1,803 1,672 3,058 20 Lyons District _ 1 172 j 2 6 31 607 538 996 10 Fort Dodge . . . 22,904 173 i 1 13 23 117 2,164 2,173 4,156 *20 Fort Madison _ 14,063 180 i 4 9 60 1,095 1,057 1,908 10 Iowa City _ 17,182 176 i 8 17 70 1,241 1,099 2,258 12 Keokuk _ 15,076 180 i 3 5 14 84 1,335 1,357 2,335 14 Marshalltown . . . . 19,240 174 i 2 17 115 1,920 1,862 3,418 19 Mason City. . . _ 27,080 173 i 4 14 32 155 2,880 2,868 5,036 26 Muscatine* _ 18,286 182 i 2 8 22 90 1,892 1,795 3,074 17 Newton _ 10,462 175 i 6 18 82 1,498 1,516 2,504 10 Oskaloosa _ 11,024 173 i 6 7 15 55 1,195 1,171 2,110 7 Kansas Arkansas City . . 12,752 177 i 3 9 26 71 1,933 1,698 3,048 10 Atchison _ _ 12,648 174 i 2 2 17 58 1,219 1,191 2,149 13 Chanute _ 10,142 180 i 2 22 55 1,147 1,080 2 043 8 Coffeyville _ _ 17,355 172 i 2 4 43 89 2,311 2,204 3,878 10 Eldorado _ _ _ 10,045 180 i 7 18 62 1,458 1,335 2,396 7 Emporia _ 13,188 179 i 9 13 75 1,353 1,335 2,336 17 Fort Scott _ 10,557 178 i 13 60 1 198 1,103 1 974 6 Independence* . . . . 11,565 174 i 7 24 73 1,552 1,502 2’, 474 14 Lawrence . . 14,390 174 i . i 8 26 86 1,637 1,499 2,890 14 Leavenworth _ _ 19,220 177 i 11 12 74 1,653 1,564 2,718 14 Manhattan.. 11,659 172 i 2 23 61 1 273 1 224 2 246 12 Newton . 11,048 180 i 4 2 22 63 L398 L356 2^402 11 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 55 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city , 1939-40 — Continued Group III. — cities OF 10,000-29,999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors 3ersonn< *3 .& 1 il Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 10,193 176 1 7 20 53 1,206 1,126 1,937 10 14,294 178 1 8 26 77 1,664 1,644 2,999 14 Pittsburg _ _ 17,571 174 1 1 4 27 96 1,835 1,657 3,045 18 Salina _ _ _ _ _ 21,073 175 1 1 14 30 110 2,204 2,175 4,089 13 Kentucky Ashland... . 29,537 173 1 1 14 30 178 3,136 2,926 5,851 16 Bowling Green . 14,585 180 1 4 2 11 63 1,234 1,303 2,041 8 Fort Thomas . . . 11,034 190 1 4 14 35 666 627 1,119 6 11,492 187 1 7 10 46 835 856 1,593 9 Henderson _ 13,160 182 1 3 9 14 77 1,275 1,287 2,143 9 11,724 183 1 6 14 72 1,060 1,174 2,110 6 Middlesboro . 11J77 178 1 2 2 17 59 1,236 1,207 2,374 9 Louisiana Bogalusa _ 14,604 178 1 1 9 18 100 1,978 1,985 3,439 11 21,207 180 1 7 9 76 1,834 1,839 2,986 7 Monroe _ . 281309 180 1 1 6 11 88 1,886 2,053 3,474 12 Maine Auburn _ 19,817 178 1 23 99 1,919 1,892 3,417 23 Augusta . 19,360 178 1 3 1 18 79 1,490 1,535 2,751 22 Bangor _ . 29,822 169 1 4 28 148 2,426 2,397 4,430 37 Bath . . 10,235 177 1 8 54 953 920 1,703 9 Biddeford _ _ 19,790 176 1 12 47 692 729 1,318 14 Rumford _ 10,230 180 1 1 11 47 975 891 1,816 14 South Portland . . 15,781 183 1 3 3 21 110 1,730 1,639 3,104 23 Waterville . . . . 16,688 175 1 22 71 1,312 1,386 2,527 11 Westbrook _ 11,087 174 1 4 1 10 52 916 891 1,681 20 Massachusetts Adams _ _ 12,608 178 1 8 12 47 890 943 1,719 11 Amesburv 10,862 178 1 1 14 39 733 767 1,384 6 Andover . . 11,122 174 1 4 10 51 798 766 1,413 9 Athol . . 11,180 179 1 4 3 15 51 1,050 1,035 1,969 10 Attleboro _ _ _ 22,071 179 1 4 9 16 116 1,872 1,918 3,505 17 Belmont _ 26,867 180 1 8 40 142 2,401 2,478 4,430 8 Beverly . 25,537 180 1 4 10 26 140 2,248 2,038 3,915 14 Braintree _ 16,378 179 1 4 20 120 1,899 2,052 3,540 21 Clinton... . . . 12,440 182 1 1 14 47 913 844 1,601 10 Danvers . . . 14,179 176 1 3 3 17 63 1,045 1,149 1,996 11 Dedham. . . . . 15,508 174 1 6 7 23 87 1,509 1,527 2,814 11 Easthampton _ 10,316 182 1 2 7 45 665 676 1,218 4 Fairhaven . . . 10,938 180 1 3 6 10 58 1,047 981 1,855 7 Framingham . . 23,214 179 1 5 11 27 114 2,161 2,164 4,004 15 Gardner _ 20,206 174 1 1 15 74 1,231 1,120 2,221 9 Gloucester _ _ 24,046 172 1 4 3 20 120 2,120 2,136 3,539 21 Greenfield.*. . . 15,672 179 1 1 2 24 89 1,392 1,331 2,507 20 Leominster 22,226 178 1 10 28 87 1,574 1,571 2,930 11 Lexington . . 13,187 179 1 2 4 14 69 1,220 1,251 2,210 6 Marblehead.. . 10,856 176 1 1 3 13 60 1,022 915 1,784 10 Marlboro _ 15,154 182 1 3 13 53 1,061 1,014 1,913 5 Melrose . . . 25,333 180 1 3 5 27 121 2,144 2,094 3,976 11 Methuen . . 21,880 174 1 9 5 8 110 1,746 1,732 3,215 16 Milford . . 15,388 179 1 4 2 7 85 1,168 1,153 2,159 15 Milton . 18,708 184 1 4 7 19 103 1,732 1,666 3,124 7 Natick . 13,851 179 1 3 2 18 70 1,274 1,158 2,263 11 Needham . . . 12,445 172 1 6 2 12 78 1,239 1,220 2,266 14 Newburyport _ 13,916 178 1 4 4 9 70 1,131 1,117 2,063 8 North Adams _ 22,213 175 1 4 7 11 98 1,712 1,513 2,957 13 Northampton _ 24,794 176 1 5 5 23 98 1,502 1,495 2,797 13 North Attleboro _ _ 10,359 176 1 1 1 11 34 686 608 1,194 9 Northbridge . 10,242 180 1 1 1 14 42 894 879 1,649 8 Norwood _ _ 15,383 177 1 2 6 20 94 1,276 1,233 2,351 7 Peabody . . . 21,711 176 1 6 10 26 107 1,927 1,900 3,487 10 Plymouth . 13,100 180 1 5 5 11 65 1,210 1,119 2,181 9 (See footnotes on page 46.) 56 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools , and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III.— cities of 10,000-29,999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals p 1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Reading . 10,866 178 1 l 4 19 64 1,168 1,119 2,076 Saugus . 14,825 177 1 3 2 23 78 1,684 1,676 3,118 16,825 183 1 2 23 54 1,296 986 1,963 Stoneham . 10,765 180 1 1 2 12 49 914 796 1,592 Swampscott . 10,761 181 1 8 5 14 57 819 808 1,493 Wakefield . 16,223 179 1 2 4 18 86 1,601 1,491 2,889 Webster. . 13,186 180 1 3 2 10 42 777 736 1,386 Wellesley . . 15,127 178 1 2 2 23 86 1,445 1,313 2,468 Westfield . . . 18,793 180 1 2 7 17 95 1,632 1,605 3,038 West Springfield . 17,135 181 1 3 4 14 94 1,472 1,400 2,655 Weymouth . 23,868 181 1 8 4 34 125 2,383 2.343 4,312 Winchester . 15,081 177 1 1 2 21 80 1,349 1,256 2,328 Winthrop . 16,768 181 1 3 5 16 97 1,730 1,568 3,001 19,751 175 | 2 16 111 1,974 1,814 3,411 Michigan Adrian . 14,230 180 1 1 5 20 73 1,365 1,384 2,598 Alpena . 12,808 200 1 1 6 21 48 11 1,094 “1,090 “1,935 Ann Arbor . . . 29,815 176 3 4 10 40 130 2,306 2,274 4,099 Benton Harbor . 16,668 182 1 1 9 33 86 1,930 1,936 3,240 Birmingham . 11,196 179 1 5 15 75 *1,319 *1,319 82,400 Calumet (Township) . 13,362 185 1 2 4 13 67 1,321 1,306 2,232 Ecorse. . 13,209 193 1 *3 5 24 54 1,110 1,118 2,060 Escanaba . . 14,830 181 1 1 2 22 73 1,462 1,445 2,657 Femdale _ _ 25,914 189 1 9 36 123 2,907 2,805 5,044 GroBse Pointe (Township)... 23,445 187 3 3 8 47 134 2,478 2,378 4,186 Holland . . . 14,616 185 1 4 6 20 94 1,525 1,462 2,765 Iron Mountain . . 11,080 181 1 5 2 18 64 1,343 1,296 2,507 Ironwood . 13,369 190 1 1 3 31 58 1,466 1,422 2,643 Lincoln Park . 15,236 200 1 5 21 70 1,805 1,852 3,452 Marquette . 15,928 189 1 4 2 18 56 1,207 1,158 2,230 Menominee . . 10,230 190 1 2 2 18 44 900 948 1,766 Midland . 10,329 180 1 1 7 33 74 1,350 1,324 2,433 Monroe. . 18,478 195 1 6 31 93 1,834 1,672 3,300 Mount Clemens . 14,389 188 1 3 1 21 83 1,628 1,544 2,730 Muskegon Heights . . 16,047 200 1 3 2 25 91 2,077 1,965 3,659 Niles . . . 11,328 181 1 3 1 19 68 1,405 1,343 2,477 OwOS80_ . . 14,424 190 1 1 5 20 87 1,784 1,725 2,985 River Rouge _ _ 17,008 179 1 4 34 76 1,809 1,826 3,053 Royal OaK... . 25,087 189 1 1 11 44 174 2,995 3,378 5,962 Saint Clair Shores10 . . 10,405 172 1 5 22 374 360 597 Sault Ste. Marie . . 15,847 188 1 7 8 20 73 1,834 1,797 3,188 Traverse City . 14,455 180 1 1 7 21 64 1,352 1,313 2,451 Ypsilanti _ _ _ 12,121 181 1 1 13 74 1,171 1,191 2,225 Minnesota Albert Lea . 12,200 180 1 1 2 34 73 1,530 1,632 2,831 Austin _ _ _ 18,307 173 j 6 26 100 2,026 1,933 3,517 Brainerd.. . 12,071 173 1 2 4 31 68 1,488 1,444 2,565 Faribault . 14,527 170 1 3 1 18 49 901 965 1,661 Fergus Falls . 10,848 180 1 1 22 57 978 1,297 1,862 Hibbing _ 16,385 180 1 18 43 178 2,704 2,516 4,753 Mankato _ 15,654 172 1 1 3 17 77 1,230 1,221 2,157 Rochester _ _ 26,312 172 1 2 2 35 124 2,565 2,716 4,173 St. Cloud . 24,173 175 1 1 9 33 81 1,791 1,660 3,054 South St. Paul . 11,844 172 1 5 3 21 68 1,298 1,340 2,438 Virginia . . . 12,264 180 1 6 4 58 133 1,477 1,406 2,659 Winona _ 22,490 174 1 4 6 24 116 1,638 1,758 3,055 Mississippi Biloxi . . 17,475 175 1 7 9 63 1,503 1,447 2,417 Clarksdale12 . 12,168 176 1 2 4 7 37 666 671 1,185 Columbus _ 13,645 174 1 5 8 81 1,825 1,987 2,977 Greenville _ 20,892 177 1 9 19 71 1,833 2,247 3,322 Greenwood _ 14,767 178 1 7 13 70 1,633 2,038 2,863 Gulfport _ 15,195 180 1 6 11 69 1,500 1,477 2,488 Hattiesburg . . . 21,026 175 1 4 2 8 110 2,069 2,129 3,212 ■§ c -c 00 i B 3 55 7 12 7 6 6 9 7 17 10 10 14 13 6 16 16 9 18 14 8 9 9 12 21 16 13 14 9 11 12 12 14 8 14 15 18 13 8 21 3 14 12 11 10 13 15 6 7 32 11 17 17 12 18 14 7 5 8 10 7 *8 12 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 57 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 193940 — Continued Group III. — CITIES OF 10,000-29,999 POPULATION City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Personnel Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors 00 4 I Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 20,598 176 1 13 7 83 2,329 2,479 4,114 15,296 177 1 9 12 52 1,318 1,454 2,235 24,460 177 1 10 9 62 1,522 1,725 2,658 Missouri 19,426 178 J 5 19 91 1,765 1,591 2,871 Carthage . . . - 10,585 176 1 3 6 10 63 1,092 1,073 2,045 Clayton . 13,069 189 1 3 7 21 71 1,078 1,090 1,842 Columbia . 18,399 180 1 2 8 29 74 1,677 1,562 2,801 Hannibal . . 20,865 177 1 4 10 24 90 1,932 1,790 3,205 16,066 180 1 10 26 103 2,371 2,252 4,147 Jefferson City . . 2<268 180 1 3 2 28 80 1,716 1,706 2,933 Kirks ville . . . 10,080 176 1 2 4 21 51 1,138 1,175 1,977 Kirkwood . . . . 12,132 186 1 2 5 25 74 1,691 1,546 2,680 Maplewood . . 25,677 185 1 5 8 26 102 1,883 1,767 3,065 12,920 180 1 2 14 81 1,260 1,237 2,179 Overland.. . . . . 22,000 189 1 4 10 16 94 2,155 1,977 3,408 11,163 180 1 2 17 61 1,583 1,560 2,433 St. Charles . 10'803 200 1 6 14 34 694 . 688 1,262 Sedalia _ _ 20,428 179 1 8 25 97 1,881 1,793 3,414 Webster Groves . 18,394 184 1 5 8 26 110 2,220 2,083 3,866 Montana Anaconda . 11,004 175 1 4 11 56 853 792 1,509 Billings . . 23,261 176 1 2 7 35 124 2 552 2,665 4,673 Great Falls* . . 29,928 183 1 4 14 39 166 3,019 2,851 5,254 Helena _ 15,056 183 1 4 19 60 1,250 1,223 2,152 Missoula . . . 18,449 182 1 2 7 10 68 1,302 1,268 2,319 Nebraska Beatrice . . 10,883 177 1 1 2 10 72 1,173 1,068 2,200 Fremont . 11,862 178 1 3 2 17 79 1,376 1,356 2,471 Grand Island . 19,130 180 1 1 3 27 105 2,035 2,107 3,582 Hastings . . . 15,145 180 1 3 7 21 78 1,572 1,580 2,783 Norfolk. . . . . 10,490 175 1 6 2 16 54 1,162 1,121 1,915 North Platte _ _ 12,429 180 1 2 14 75 1,836 1,707 2,910 Scottsbluff* _ .. 12,057 177 1 2 16 72 1,751 1,621 2,624 Nevada Reno9 . . . 21,317 177 1 1 8 26 89 1,877 1,793 2,973 New Hampshire Berlin . . .. 19,084 180 1 2 17 51 1,002 924 1,784 Claremont . . 12,144 176 1 4 2 10 53 972 892 1,684 Concord . . . . 27,171 178 1 3 2 26 103 1,771 1,691 2,981 Dover . 14,990 180 1 3 8 12 54 1,035 999 *1,914 Keene _ 13,832 176 1 2 24 76 1,369 1,458 2,592 Laconia . . 13,484 183 1 3 2 14 48 982 925 1,784 Portsmouth . 14,821 177 1 8 *20 95 1,590 1,516 2,755 Rochester . 12,012 176 1 1 1 13 47 932 908 1,684 New Jersey Asbury Park . 14,617 184 1 2 5 30 112 1,917 1,893 3,198 Belleville . 28,167 188 1 3 8 33 161 2,857 2,799 4,980 Bergenfield _ . _ _ 10,275 181 1 *2 *4 *50 784 752 1,377 Bridgeton . 15,992 187 1 4 6 23 99 1,839 1,913 3,272 Burlington. . 10,905 182 1 4 16 73 1,316 1,219 2,241 Carteret . . . 11,976 180 1 4 3 10 77 1,103 1,098 1,980 Cliffside Park 16,892 184 1 6 20 101 1,550 1,494 2,602 Collingswood . 12,685 175 1 4 2 26 69 1,3^4 1,334 2,435 Cranford.. . 12,860 188 1 2 4 21 71 1,339 1,303 2,295 Dover _ _ _ 10,491 186 1 2 4 23 60 1,201 1,175 1,995 Englewood . . . . 18,966 184 1 4 6 35 115 1,931 1,894 3,235 Garfield 28,044 184 1 10 17 156 2,748 2,578 4,738 Gloucester City... . 13,692 172 1 1 1 18 56 1,102 1,064 1,799 Hackensack 26,279 182 1 1 8 45 169 i 2,727 2,565 4,550 Harrison . 14,171 | 193 1 6 3 1 10 i 59 i| 1,035 1,014 1,766 I o GO *S % i 53 *13 *8 7 8 7 15 9 14 11 16 13 17 10 9 10 9 8 9 12 7 10 14 7 10 18 13 19 9 14 18 14 15 6 11 18 10 17 8 15 6 9 17 11 12 8 7 10 10 9 4 12 17 8 17 3 (See footnotes on page 46.) 58 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III —Cities of 10,000-29,999 population City * Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors a Principals 1 I Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 12,610 181 1 4 20 79 1,180 1,218 2,107 Hillside (P.O., Elizabeth) — 18,556 183 1 5 30 114 2,072 1,825 3,380 Linden . 24,115 191 1 2 9 39 155 2,629 2,378 4,386 11,552 182 1 9 30 83 1,782 1,707 3,040 Long Branch . . 17'408 185 1 1 7 30 93 1,884 1,727 3,053 Lyndhurst . __ . 17,454 178 1 3 6 22 115 1,930 1,754 3,266 11,652 185 1 4 20 70 1,154 1,102 1,983 Millville _ 14,806 185 1 4 4 14 77 1,414 1,300 2,350 Morristown.. . . ... 15,270 180 1 1 6 33 75 1,567 1,603 2,703 Neptune (P. O., Ocean Grove) . . . 10,207 181 1 1 6 25 65 1,192 1,162 1,981 North Plainfield (P. O., Plainfield) . . . . 10,586 187 1 2 14 59 1,169 1,099 2,048 Nutley . 21,954 187 1 2 7 34 147 2,314 2,224 3,968 Pennsauken (P. O., Mer- chantville) _ 17,745 179 1 1 1 15 79 1,475 1,372 2,442 Phillipsburg.. . . . 18,314 189 1 2 1 27 92 1,853 1,688 3,164 11,050 180 1 6 31 71 1,453 1,383 2,403 Rahway _ 17,498 186 1 4 32 83 1,534 1,483 2,576 Red Bank _ _ _ 10,974 187 1 4 3 24 62 1,176 1,191 1,994 Ridgefield Park . . . 11,277 184 1 3 15 68 1,049 965 1,743 Ridgewood . . 14,948 180 1 4 7 41 86 1,569 1,566 2,746 Roselle ... 13,597 187 1 3 27 69 1,367 1,361 2,316 Rutherford . . 15,466 182 1 7 18 86 1,214 1,159 2,050 South River _ 10,714 181 1 4 20 50 1,150 1,018 1,928 Summit _ 16,165 184 1 8 28 97 1,482 1,407 2,527 Teaneck . . . . 25,275 181 1 4 6 50 129 2,417 2,354 4,149 Union . . 24,730 187 1 3 7 29 122 2,494 2,340 4,072 Vineland . . 24,439 182 1 2 5 18 123 2,158 1,998 3,597 Weehawken . . . . 14,363 193 1 3 4 12 70 1,047 1,040 1,788 Westfield . 18,458 184 1 4 6 32 110 1,891 1,819 3,241 West Orange . . 25,662 182 1 6 5 32 151 2,557 2,311 4,280 Woodbridge _ 27,191 183 1 1 9 25 148 2,741 2,671 4,762 New Mexico Clovis _ _ 10,065 180 1 4 24 49 1,254 1,225 2,020 Hobbs . . . 10,619 180 4 12 48 1,127 1,102 1,764 Roswell _ 13,482 180 1 1 4 20 70 1,929 1,822 2,933 Sante Fe _ 20,325 180 1 3 3 17 66 1,718 1,650 2,721 New York Batavia . 17,267 175 1 3 8 26 103 1,689 1,581 2,972 Beacon _ _ 12,572 182 1 3 2 9 58 1,084 1,028 1,679 Cohoes _ 21,955 182 1 5 10 6 70 1,179 1,160 1,995 Coming: District No. 9 . 1 * n cun / 179 1 2 4 13 45 724 764 1,284 District No. 13 ? 16,212 1 179 1 2 14 43 869 888 1,564 Cortland _ _ 15,881 180 1 4 5 26 63 1,178 1,181 2,042 Dunkirk9 . 17,713 179 1 2 7 23 85 1,479 1,342 2,494 Endicott . . . 17,702 183 1 24 7 25 170 3,229 2,999 5,642 Floral Park . . 12,950 182 1 4 58 122 2,340 2,257 4,013 Freeport . . 20,410 181 1 2 8 30 102 1,943 1,874 3,264 Fulton _ 13,362 180 1 6 3 15 81 1,562 1,466 2,664 Garden City . . 11,223 177 1 3 3 28 81 1,082 957 1,775 Geneva . . . 15,555 178 1 3 5 16 76 1,269 1,210 2,178 Glen Cove . 12,415 179 1 21 3 7 67 1,356 1,218 2,278 GlenB Falls _ 18,836 185 1 6 26 86 1,484 1,456 2,526 Gloversville _ _ 23,329 185 1 2 10 16 114 2,164 2,001 3,609 Hempstead _ 20,856 180 1 7 38 144 2,622 2,524 4,377 Homell . . . . 15,649 182 1 4 7 21 106 1,940 1,988 3,397 Hudson. . _ _ 11,517 179 2 6 14 62 1,269 1,231 2,051 Irondequoit (P. O., Roch¬ ester) . _ _ _ 23,376 182 1 2 12 43 549 615 1,060 Ithaca _ _ 19,730 182 1 4 5 41 118 2,271 2,118 3,826 Johnson City _ 18,039 186 1 6 24 138 2,021 1,984 3,668 Johnstown _ 10,666 180 1 2 13 69 986 924 1,512 CO 1 O CO *o H £ 3 10 11 19 11 15 14 11 7 12 6 1* 12 9 10 14 9 9 13 6 13 7 17 17 14 17 8 17 21 14 5 5 8 9 9 6 14 7 4 9 12 7 5 11 7 6 10 10 10 18 12 13 9 5 18 12 12 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 59 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III —cities of 10,000—29,999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors e Principals 0 S ;1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Kenmore . . 18,612 182 2 3 7 43 162 3,159 2,905 5,439 14 28,589 181 1 10 41 140 2,839 2,714 4,846 10 Lackawanna . 24^058 181 1 7 11 42 140 2,265 2,174 4,001 15 Little Falls . 10,163 181 1 3 3 11 50 835 747 1,429 10 Lockport . . . 24,379 183 1 8 10 26 117 2,371 2,188 4,069 10 Lynbrook . _ . 14,557 181 1 3 4 12 74 1,218 1,076 1,945 7 Mamaroneck . 19,004 180 1 3 6 32 140 2,276 2,045 3,741 10 Massena . 11,328 184 1 1 1 24 61 1,359 1,329 2,405 11 Middletown . 21,908 181 1 3 9 24 89 1,893 1,822 3,280 11 10,064 181 1 2 6 103 1,519 1,478 2,602 7 North Tonawanda _ _ 20~254 181 1 3 7 22 100 2,174 2,002 3,507 14 Ogdensburg . 16,346 183 1 4 1 20 64 1,238 1,149 2,141 8 Olean . _ . . . 21,506 184 1 5 7 12 156 2,437 2,414 4,181 21 Oneida . 10,291 178 1 1 5 12 64 903 896 1,609 10 Oneonta _ 11,731 179 1 9 7 12 61 991 944 1,791 7 Ossining . 15,996 179 1 3 3 14 79 1,507 1,377 2,570 9 Oswego . 22,062 184 1 2 3 20 126 2,103 2,113 3,702 13 Peekskill . 17,311 179 1 3 3 29 77 1,504 1,384 2,558 12 12,272 179 1 5 26 89 1,116 1,121 1,911 9 Plattsburg _ 16^351 182 1 2 11 45 811 854 1,428 11 Port Chester . 23,073 180 1 5 8 33 147 2,785 2,529 4,734 14 Rensselaer . 10,768 189 1 8 3 1 68 981 873 1,594 4 Rockville Centre _ 18,613 181 • 1 7 16 107 1,724 1,501 2,811 11 Saratoga Springs . . 13,705 180 1 10 6 18 72 1,226 1,156 2,044 11 Scarsdale _ 12,966 178 1 6 28 91 1,259 1,287 2,225 7 Tonawanda . . 13,008 181 1 2 3 20 73 1,340 1,246 2,352 11 Valley Stream1*.. . . 16,679 179 6 42 114 1,876 1,739 3,240 7 Watervliet _ _ 16,114 179 1 5 6 6 77 1,291 1,183 2,163 10 North Carolina Burlington14 _ 12,198 180 1 10 16 114 *2,425 *2,425 4,502 13 Concord _ 15,572 180 1 2 13 77 1,693 1,708 3,101 7 Elizabeth City . 11,564 160 1 4 9 70 1,374 1,371 2,477 6 Fayetteville _ 17,428 180 1 6 13 87 1,934 1,995 3,363 8 Gastonia _ _ _ _ 21,313 180 1 1 9 18 124 3,034 2,986 5,155 10 Goldsboro . . . 17,274 180 1 2 2 20 115 2,188 2,426 4,119 8 Greenville14 _ 12,674 180 1 6 10 65 *1,611 *1,611 2,851 7 Hickory14 _ 13,487 160 1 9 11 92 *2,117 *2,116 3,941 13 Kinston _ 15,388 180 1 5 15 69 1,741 1,799 3,047 6 Lexington _ 10,550 180 1 7 10 81 1,628 1,560 2,967 7 New Bern . 11,815 160 1 2 6 71 1,348 1,447 2,542 12 Reidsville. __ 10,387 177 1 7 9 73 1,591 1,673 2,907 9 Rocky Mount _ 25,568 180 1 10 20 130 2,715 2,850 5,070 10 Salisbury _ 19,037 180 1 8 18 99 2,001 2,016 3,705 8 Shelby . 14,037 180 1 1 2 11 79 1,675 1,817 2,983 10 Statesville _ 11,440 160 1 5 12 66 1,491 1,491 2,795 6 Thomas ville _ 11,041 160 1 5 10 78 1,478 1,481 2,715 8 Wilson _ _ _ 19,234 180 1 7 12 121 2,534 2,627 4,193 9 North Dakota Bismarck _ _ 15,496 180 1 7 19 56 1,246 1,278 2,291 7 Grand Forks . . . 20,228 180 1 7 39 71 1,838 1,728 *3,209 7 Minot _ _ 16,577 180 1 2 15 71 1,468 1,553 2,759 8 Ohio Alliance . . 22,405 180 1 3 x 39 146 2,499 2,520 4,564 13 Ashland . 12,453 180 1 1 1 27 67 1,222 1,281 2,415 7 Ashtabula _ 21,405 180 1 4 22 92 1,757 1,705 3,207 12 Barberton . . . . 24,028 185 1 4 6 36 99 2,281 2,157 4,202 10 Bellaire . . . 13,799 180 1 2 1 21 74 1,632 1,631 3,070 9 Cambridge . . 15,044 180 1 1 3 23 86 1,536 1,536 2,836 9 Campbell . . . 13,785 178 1 6 42 61 1,643 1,606 3,040 6 Chillicothe. . . . 20,129 182 1 1 7 16 98 1,912 1,824 3,574 7 Coshocton . . . 11,509 180 1 1 515 560 *1,020 *1,029 1,741 8 Cuyahoga Falls _ 20,546 180 1 5 43 77 2,031 1,962 3,662 5 East Liverpool . . 23,555 180 1 2 4 36 142 2,847 2,646 4,992 19 Elyria . 25,120 181 1 2 6 38 120 2,277 2,146 4,104 20 (See footnotes on page 46.) 60 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000-29,999 POPULATION City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors i Principals p si Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Euclid . . 17,866 182 1 2 5 33 82 1,620 1,555 2,969 11 Findlay . . . 20,228 180 1 5 3 43 82 1,804 1,801 3,498 13 13,453 180 1 1 24 48 1,165 1 113 2,171 10 Fremont . . . . 14,710 180 1 1 7 26 73 1,548 1,463 2,813 13 Garfield Heights (P. O, Cleveland). _ _ _ 16,989 180 1 3 5 29 63 1,201 1,090 2,077 5 Ironton... _ 15,851 180 1 2 1 19 83 1,548 1,509 2,822 8 21,940 184 1 5 28 97 2,145 1,965 3,781 7 Marietta. . 14’543 180 1 2 1 25 59 1,563 1,494 2,878 9 Martins Ferry.. . . 14,729 180 1 2 7 23 76 1,654 1,588 2,843 12 26,644 190 1 4 52 126 2,642 2,520 5,022 12 10’ 122 180 2 16 59 1,130 1,143 2,184 g 12,328 180 1 2 23 64 1,260 1,212 2,319 9 Niles . 1 . . 16^273 180 1 3 25 79 1,762 1,585 3,147 10 12,235 183 1 2 24 54 1,086 1,143 2,103 7 Parma (P. O., Cleveland) — 16,365 180 1 1 3 24 69 1,527 1,482 2,629 6 16,049 182 1 8 22 70 1,297 1,284 2,411 10 Salem . . . 12;301 181 1 2 2 *19 *60 *1,320 *1,297 2,461 6 24,874 180 1 2 36 99 1,908 1,909 3,670 9 Shaker Heights (P. O., Cleveland) _ 23,393 180 1 6 45 141 2,168 2,082 3,743 18 Struthere 11,739 180 1 1 39 51 1,435 1,362 2,706 8 Tiffin 16,102 180 1 2 ' 17 55 1,061 1,018 1,961 6 Wooster 11,543 181 1 1 20 55 1,087 1,055 1,996 9 Xenia . . . . 10,633 180 1 2 2 13 51 1,039 1,018 1,884 7 Oklahoma Ada 15,143 176 1 7 23 69 1,544 1,526 2,684 7 Ardmore _ _ 16,886 175 1 1 2 20 66 1,486 1,535 2,538 8 Bartlesville . . . . 16,267 176 1 3 7 19 87 1,909 1,817 3,226 9 Chickasha _ 14,111 176 1 3 24 81 1,634 1,680 2,955 9 Durant _ 10,027 175 1 2 13 43 1,070 1,028 1,695 5 El Reno .. 10,078 175 1 3 22 62 1,333 1,239 2,367 8 Enid 28,081 176 1 3 27 148 2,816 2,871 4,842 13 Guthrie _ 10,018 172 1 2 16 65 1,192 1,131 2,063 9 Lawton _ . . .. 18,055 176 1 6 18 87 1,950 1,929 3,475 11 McAlester _ 12,401 177 1 3 20 72 1,585 1,423 2,680 11 Norman 11,429 175 1 2 16 58 1,217 1,127 2,133 7 Okmulgee . . . 16,051 175 1 1 11 16 104 1,949 2,068 3,436 14 Ponca City _ _ 16,794 175 1 2 6 34 113 2,261 2,139 3,885 8 Sapulpa . . . 12,249 176 1 2 3 18 71 1,538 1,411 2,625 10 Seminole. _ 11,547 175 1 2 30 53 1,527 1,504 2,682 6 Shawnee _ 22,053 175 1 10 29 118 2,442 2,565 4,361 12 Stillwater . . 10,097 176 1 2 5 13 42 1,050 1,014 1,783 6 Wewoka _ 10,315 175 1 4 33 39 1,176 1,171 2,076 5 Oregon Astoria . . . . 10,389 170 1 9 4 10 48 813 824 1,439 7 Bend _ _ 10,021 174 1 4 22 57 1,054 951 1,942 5 Eugene . . . . 20,838 173 1 2 11 46 101 2,535 2,263 3,871 11 Klamath Falls.. _ 16,497 174 1 2 8 30 83 1,804 1,674 2,810 8 Medford . . _ 11,281 175 1 3 6 21 78 1,405 1,403 2,244 6 Pennsylvania Abington. . . . . 20,857 189 1 3 9 39 115 2,085 2,008 3,598 12 Aliquippa. . . . . 27,023 180 2 2 6 53 155 3,375 3,197 5,890 18 Ambridge . . . 18,968 180 2 1 6 36 105 2,122 1,917 3,825 8 Arnold . . . . 10,898 180 1 1 2 21 43 1,177 1,114 2,077 5 Beaver Falls _ _ 17,098 180 1 1 3 37 91 1,837 1,721 3,509 9 Bellevue . . . . 10,488 190 1 1 3 13 52 789 765 1,338 5 Berwick 13,181 190 1 1 19 65 1,598 1,494 2,921 3 Braddock . . . . 18,326 180 1 3 5 23 93 1,598 1,568 2,843 5 Bradford . . . 17,691 180 1 5 2 32 93 1,850 1,842 3,389 8 Bristol . . . 11,895 193 1 1 1 12 51 1,026 916 1,783 6 Butler . . . 24,477 180 1 3 6 33 116 2,932 2,789 4,883 8 Canonsburg. . . 12,599 180 1 1 4 13 77 1,678 1,612 3,141 4 Carbondale _ 19,371 195 1 2 7 19 96 1,965 2,058 3,748 10 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 61 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III. — cities OF 10,000-29,999 population City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals 1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Carlisle. . . . 13,984 187 1 2 7 22 62 1,458 1,514 2,760 12,663 187 1 3 11 62 1,163 1,126 2,192 Chambersburg. . . 14,852 180 1 3 1 25 67 1,482 1,508 2,924 Charleroi _ _ 10,784 180 1 1 6 21 70 1,408 1,351 2,519 Cheltenham.. . . . 19,082 188 1 1 12 35 102 1,631 1,644 2,865 Clairton . . . 16,381 180 1 4 6 22 125 2,185 2,224 4,065 Coatesville . . . 14,006 190 1 1 5 40 87 1,691 1,768 3,104 Columbia. . . 11,547 190 1 3 1 12 44 993 1,041 1,879 Connells ville.. . . 13,608 180 1 4 3 18 93 1,587 1,639 2,863 10,776 189 1 1 11 41 934 914 1,829 11,086 190 1 5 16 59 1,332 1,213 2,318 Darby . . . 10,334 188 1 2 3 20 49 891 861 1,643 11,548 180 1 2 20 66 1,154 1,181 2,085 13,180 180 1 3 26 77 1,626 1,614 2,993 Dormont (P. O., Pittsburgh). 12,974 200 1 3 16 67 1,016 1,013 1,738 Du Bois _ _ _ 12,080 180 1 2 4 28 61 1,163 1,011 2,077 Dunmore _ _ _ 23,086 191 1 3 9 34 123 2,461 2,191 4,192 Duquesne . . . 20,693 180 1 14 5 32 102 2,057 1,962 3,957 12,329 180 1 2 27 78 1,831 1,692 3,317 Farrell . 13,899 180 1 1 5 23 81 1,769 1,682 3,212 Greensburg _ _ 16,743 180 1 2 2 34 96 51,978 «2,075 3,694 Hanover _ 13,076 181 1 2 34 48 1,249 1,133 2,268 Hanover (Township) (P. O., Wilkes-Barre)3--- . . ... 16,439 190 1 4 14 62 87 2,166 2,142 3,429 Harrison (P. O., Natrona) _ 13,161 180 1 10 51 1,039 896 1,760 Haverford (P. O., Llanerch).. 27,594 185 1 7 52 103 1,967 1,901 3,527 Homestead _ 19,041 180 1 1 8 35 80 1,606 1,382 2,730 Indiana - - 10,050 180 1 3 4 24 46 1,059 1,023 1,877 Jeannette - . 16,220 180 1 3 1 21 71 1,696 1,529 3,107 Kingston . . . 20,679 180 1 3 1 24 136 2,061 1,956 3,559 Lansdowne - - 10,837 180 1 3 1 17 52 901 915 1,588 Latrobe _ -- 11,111 180 1 3 23 56 1,190 1,148 2,208 Lebanon. . . 27,206 189 1 2 3 39 107 2,612 2,389 4,408 Lewistown - - .. 13,017 180 1 4 3 35 71 1,738 1,438 2,776 Lock Haven _ _ 10,810 189 1 2 27 45 1,178 1,150 2,132 McKees Rocks. _ ... 17,021 189 1 1 17 70 1,307 1,244 2,317 Mahanoy City _ . . 13,442 182 1 2 4 9 61 917 916 1,786 Meadville . . 18,919 180 1 1 4 20 88 1,745 1,617 3,060 Monessen _ _ 20,257 180 1 2 7 32 115 2,327 1,941 4,197 Mount Carmel _ 17,780 180 1 2 25 62 1,463 1,308 2,519 Mount Lebanon . . . . 19,571 180 1 3 4 44 101 1,857 1,901 3,426 Mimha.ll _ 13,900 180 1 4 28 79 1,286 1,261 2,413 Nanticoke _ _ _ 24,387 190 1 2 11 52 123 2,469 2,441 4,571 New Kensington _ 24,055 180 1 3 4 36 105 2,359 2,327 4,535 North Braddock (P. 0., Braddock) _ _ 15,679 180 1 6 24 95 1,785 1,648 3,160 Oil City _ _ _ 20,379 180 1 9 24 97 1,852 1,888 3,621 Old Forge - 11,892 190 1 3 5 43 63 1,373 1,342 2,429 Phoenixville . . . 12,282 190 1 3 2 39 60 1,142 1,133 2,039 Pittston _ _ 17,828 185 1 6 2 16 120 1,712 1,778 3,305 Plains _ . 15,621 185 1 4 51 80 1,693 1,503 2,962 Plymouth _ .. 15,507 180 1 7 22 80 1,644 1,570 3,198 Pottstown - 20,194 190 1 3 2 34 94 2,041 1,994 3,674 Pottsville . . . . 24,530 187 1 4 2 28 122 2,166 2,044 3,988 Shaler (P. 0., Glenshaw) - 11,185 180 1 1 19 40 1,007 992 1,831 Shamokin. . . . 18,810 180 1 4 5 27 70 1,535 1,413 2,862 Sharon . . . 25,622 180 1 3 6 28 133 2,613 2,347 4,508 Shenandoah _ 19,790 185 2 4 14 101 1,661 1,627 2,880 Steelton _ . . 13,115 188 1 1 29 58 1,238 1,241 2,322 Stowe (P. 0., McKees Rocks ) 12,577 190 1 2 26 62 1,379 1,323 2,564 Sunbury _ 15,462 180 1 2 21 80 1,576 1,564 3,046 Swissvale _ 15,919 180 1 2 15 90 1,409 1,408 2,511 Tamaqua _ 12,486 190 1 2 15 51 1,266 1,255 2,381 Union town _ 21,819 180 1 3 40 107 2,266 2,156 4,252 Vandergrift— . 10,725 180 1 2 3 11 64 1,437 1,459 2,827 Warren _ 14,891 180 1 1 19 86 1,507 1,559 2,939 Washington . . 26,166 180 1 1 . 3 8 23 135 2,831 2,675 4,827 1 JS g o i s 3 55 6 4 7 6 17 8 6 6 6 4 5 5 13 6 5 6 12 7 6 6 10 6 14 5 8 6 4 8 13 7 6 14 9 8 7 4 5 11 7 10 8 11 11 8 11 9 7 7 11 7 8 13 6 5 10 9 7 7 10 9 8 10 6 9 11 (See footnotes on page 46.) 62 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 13. — Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools , and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000— 29,999 POPULATION City Waynesboro _ West Chester _ _ Wilkinsburg _ Rhode Island Bristol . . Central Falls _ _ Cumberland (P. O., Valley Falls) . . . Johnston (P. 0., Providence) Lincoln (P. 0., Lonsdale)3... North Providence (P. O., Providence) . . Warwick (P. 0., Apponaug). Westerly . West Warwick _ South Carolina Anderson _ _ Florence _ _ Greenwood _ _ Orangeburg _ _ Rock Hill . Sumter . South Dakota Aberdeen _ _ Huron _ _ Mitchell . . Rapid City _ Watertown . Tennessee Bristol.. . Clarksville . . . . Cleveland...., _ Dyersburg . . . Johnson City. Kingsport.... Texas Abilene _ Big Spring . Borger _ Brownsville _ _ Brownwood _ Bryan _ Cleburne _ _ Corsicana _ Del Rio _ _ Denison _ _ Denton. _ _ Goose Creek . . . Greenville _ Harlingen. . . . Highland Park (P. 0., Dallas) Longview _ McAllen . . . Marshall.. _ _ Palestine . Pampa _ Paris _ San Angelo _ Sherman _ Sweetwater . . Temple _ _ _ Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Personnel Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 10,231 180 1 3 6 18 50 946 919 1,753 6 13,289 189 1 4 25 65 1,176 1,141 2,165 5 29,853 180 1 10 44 138 2,511 2,578 4,738 14 11,159 180 1 4 6 17 57 1,158 1,039 2,011 10 25,248 180 1 4 6 19 74 61,255 61,159 2,108 11 10,625 180 1 1 6 55 878 859 1,578 11 10,672 180 1 5 3 10 49 987 916 1,674 14 10,577 180 1 6 43 639 532 1,006 9 12,156 180 2 . 5 24 50 1,158 1,110 1,926 10 28,757 180 1 2 3 41 151 3,176 2,921 5,562 21 11,199 182 1 2 2 19 62 1,093 988 1,831 8 18,188 180 1 2 15 75 1,380 1,359 2,373 10 19,424 180 13 33 187 3,542 3,688 6,090 13 16,054 178 1 5 16 108 2,184 2,323 3,839 8 13,020 176 1 1 22 114 2,169 2,214 3,713 11 10,521 180 1 3 20 68 1,760 1,861 2,822 14 15,009 178 1 5 20 93 1,971 2,046 3,275 10 15,874 179 2 3 12 66 1,158 1,133 1,923 5 17,015 180 j 2 3 23 86 1,745 1,751 3,122 10 10,843 177 1 6 19 58 1,138 1,163 2,049 10 10,633 178 1 3 6 12 56 925 855 1,609 6 13,844 179 1 3 1 28 66 1,528 1,509 2,649 8 10,617 179 1 2 2 28 54 1,095 1,023 1,936 8 14,004 180 j 1 4 17 78 1,677 1,615 2,781 10 11,831 176 1 4 15 67 1,282 1,366 2,384 6 11,351 176 1 2 2 12 50 1,261 1,257 2,171 6 10,034 180 1 19 50 1,046 1,181 1,934 9 24,332 180 1 31 39 14 110 2,484 2,702 4,307 37 25,332 175 1 17 40 130 2,809 2,610 4,869 18 14,404 177 1 1 5 20 94 1,466 1,557 2,670 7 26,612 176 2 1 4 44 122 2,458 2,587 4,416 10 12,604 175 1 2 4 20 76 1,588 1,528 2,621 9 10,018 176 1 4 14 47 1,304 1,273 2,068 5 22,083 175 1 1 4 15 101 2,460 2,277 3,997 13 13,398 175 1 7 22 62 1,281 1,259 2,208 7 11,842 176 1 5 13 43 913 907 1,582 5 10,558 177 1 6 17 61 1,296 1,371 2,309 8 15,232 175 1 6 23 95 2,088 2,230 3,560 12 13,343 176 1 3 11 41 788 750 1,331 6 15,581 176 1 1 5 28 69 1,753 1,615 2,821 11 11,192 175 1 5 15 40 964 1,311 1,697 5 10,641 175 1 9 45 149 2,609 2,467 4,441 15 13,995 175 1 6 13 60 1,089 1,108 2,114 6 13,306 176 1 4 15 69 1,615 1,486 2,605 8 24,746 175 1 5 31 120 1,972 1,751 3,347 8 13,758 179 1 10 20 92 2,154 2,194 3,609 11 11,877 174 1 5 12 63 1,653 1,615 2,719 7 18,410 175 1 1 11 22 108 2,364 2,566 4,383 11 12,144 175 1 2 25 56 1,181 1,414 2,252 11 12,895 176 1 1 6 30 86 1,823 1,737 3,229 7 18,678 176 1 8 19 96 2,172 2,272 3,801 12 25,802 175 1 2 12 37 153 2,661 2,624 4,348 13 17,156 177 1 7 23 79 1,703 1,661 3,033 8 10,367 174 1 5 20 52 1,216 1,171 2,001 7 15,344 175 1 4 24 80 1,569 1,528 2,628 11 (See footnotes on page 46.) City School Systems 63 Table 13. — Enrollment , attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instructional staff, by city, 1939-40 — Continued Group III— CITIES OF 10,000—29,999 POPULATION City Popu¬ lation 1940 Census1 Average length of school year (days) Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals P 1 Teachers and other instruc¬ tional staff2 Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of schools Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Terrell _ 10,481 176 1 4 13 35 935 973 1,469 5 17,019 180 1 11 24 80 2,082 2,082 3,355 12 Tyler . 28^279 175 1 5 9 20 142 2,952 2,986 4,975 12 11,566 175 1 4 20 67 1,213 975 1,758 8 Utah Logan . . . 11,868 174 1 2 3 33 53 1,575 1,504 2,849 9 Provo _ 18,071 176 1 1 7 48 61 2,038 1,913 3,648 11 Vermont Barre . 10,909 179 1 5 1 10 50 1,008 986 1,799 7 10,983 179 1 1 9 49 873 837 1,527 8 Burlington . 27,686 178 1 5 4 19 88 1,895 1,731 3,106 16 Rutland . . . . . 17,082 177 1 1 2 18 61 1,131 1,107 1,968 8 Virginia 19,400 180 1 6 13 96 1,881 1,856 3,456 6 10j066 181 1 3 10 48 824 862 1,477 5 Martinsville _ 10,080 180 1 1 5 6 55 942 1,025 1,652 5 Staunton _ 13,337 180 1 4 11 51 993 978 1,684 6 Suffolk _ 11,343 180 1 1 6 10 58 961 1,039 1,842 6 Winchester _ 12,095 182 1 3 15 65 1,225 1,267 2,203 6 Washington Aberdeen . . . 18,846 171 1 4 5 40 71 1,919 1,841 3,293 13 Bellingham _ 29,314 180 1 9 41 142 2,932 2,852 5,067 15 Bremerton _ _ 15,134 180 1 2 8 22 79 2,069 1,982 3,159 12 Hoquiam . . . 10,835 175 1 1 2 20 53 1,246 1,098 1,910 10 Longview _ _ . 12,385 171 1 3 4 26 65 1,766 1,644 2,925 7 Olympia . . . 13,254 178 1 1 8 32 71 1,757 1,794 3,013 7 Vancouver _ _ 18,788 180 1 2 7 26 91 2,019 1,839 3,213 8 Walla Walla . . 18,109 180 1 1 8 22 81 1,743 1,651 2,827 8 Wenatchee _ 11,620 180 1 9 39 88 1,821 1,796 3,182 8 Yakima . _ . 27,221 180 1 3 8 58 130 3,491 3,301 5,567 11 Wisconsin Appleton.:.. . 28,436 173 1 7 4 37 130 2,529 2,409 4,544 21 Ashland _ 11,101 176 1 17 53 948 909 1,832 12 Beaver Dam - - - 10,356 185 1 1 1 15 43 769 774 1,476 10 Beloit _ 25,365 182 1 3 14 45 124 2,904 2,778 5,149 25 Chippewa Falls _ _ 10,368 174 1 5 2 11 52 1,038 995 1,758 10 Cudahy.. 10,561 194 1 4 20 43 1,012 1,002 1,783 7 Fond du Lac _ 27,209 180 1 5 10 35 125 2,270 2,231 4,105 10 Janesville . . 22,992 184 1 6 8 20 104 2,176 2,008 3,836 13 Manitowoc _ 24,404 187 1 1 4 42 100 1,986 1,911 3,638 17 Marinette. . . . . 14,183 184 1 1 1 17 71 1,248 1,267 2,330 15 Marshfield . . . 10,359 177 1 4 2 14 46 744 816 1,484 10 Menasha . . 10,481 185 1 1 17 33 3649 5613 1,171 8 Neenah _ _ 10,645 177 1 1 1 18 62 1,114 1,027 1,957 10 Shorewood . . 15,184 190 1 1 3 24 78 1,218 1,211 2,200 5 South Milwaukee3 _ . 11,134 186 1 1 1 22 48 1,090 1,071 1,949 10 Stevens Point _ 15,777 185 1 6 1 24 77 51,280 51,297 2,499 13 Two Rivers _ 10,302 181 1 1 14 41 600 780 1,299 7 Watertown _ 11,301 192 1 6 10 43 813 836 1,507 8 Waukesha _ _ 19,242 182 1 2 1 37 98 1,978 1,876 3,504 15 Wausau... _ _ 27,268 176 1 3 7 35 126 2,558 2,520 4,685 23 Wauwatosa _ _ 27,769 183 1 6 7 42 142 2,520 2,453 4,507 15 Wisconsin Rapids . 11,416 176 1 3 1 19 55 919 1,040 1,802 11 Wyoming Casper . . . . .. 17,964 186 1 3 11 34 154 2,691 2,615 4,519 24 Cheyenne. . . 22,474 178 1 2 9 25 99 2,416 2,292 3,968 14 Laramie _ _ 10,627 180 1 6 1 18 53 1,110 1,063 1,871 6 Sheridan _ 10,529 174 1 1 14 72 1,448 1,426 2,383 7 (See footnotes on page 46.) 64 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group I. — CITIES OF 100,000 Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 1 Alabama Birmingham. . . . . . . $2,312,567 1$63,892 $1,950,634 $162,169 $69,130 $12,643 $54,099 2 California Long Beach... . . 4,069,895 ' 167,722 3,230,990 411,854 108,975 105,797 44,557 3 Los Angeles . . 37,761,665 1,279,728 27,784,877 3,429,849 1,489,885 1,286,948 2,490,378 4 Oakland . . 6,556,019 165,011 5,010,541 479,262 220,354 601,082 79,769 5 Sacramento . . . 2,475,998 61,038 1,932,731 284,447 115,888 44,253 37,641 6 San Diego . . . 3,457,614 125,415 2,706,502 313,735 155,084 98,009 58,869 7 San Francisco . 9,751,597 260,567 7,468,374 786,489 415,855 225,862 594,450 8 Colorado Denver... . 5,161,452 142,195 4,178,749 325,991 147,465 146,452 220,600 9 Connecticut 2,085,396 31,252 1,802,033 226,649 12,718 12,744 115,419 10 Hartford.. . 3,531,383 73,940 2,719,370 386,737 64,211 171,706 11 New Haven . . . 2,812,269 61,873 2,265,539 313,077 70,519 11,896 89,365 12 Delaware Wilmington . . 1,621,274 65,830 1,287,331 175,542 49,648 31,232 11,691 13 District of Columbia Washington . . . . 11,247,675 218,556 8,202,079 1,297,236 557,223 421,465 551,116 14 Georgia Atlanta . . 3,507,568 84,680 2,992,925 222,006 150,234 29,278 28,445 15 Illinois Chicago . . 54,786,712 1,691,880 39,540,195 7,139,385 3,483,791 1,391,427 1,540,034 16 Peoria _ _ _ 1,489,606 49,547 1,131,048 185,345 84,346 21,947 17,373 17 Indiana Fort Wayne . 1,581,277 34,198 1,278,537 204,400 38,607 17,871 7,664 18 Gary . . . 1,742,000 76,152 1,322,897 209,105 73,554 41,044 19,248 19 Indianapolis . . 5,812,262 181,348 4,407,644 556,911 116,750 505,957 43,652 20 South Bend . . . 1,581,399 57,158 1,138,397 207,069 44,878 121,179 12,718 21 Iowa Des Moines5 . . 2,610,030 77,760 1,793,543 354,882 169,545 87,052 127,248 22 Kansas Kansas City . . 1,609,014 61,089 1,153,858 191,377 85,211 89,046 28,433 23 Wichita . . . 1,759,470 57,632 1,343,429 182,302 143,312 22,717 10,078 24 Kentucky Louisville . . . . 3,543,298 106,178 2,898,193 333,099 123,039 60,386 22,403 25 Louisiana New Orleans . . 4,459,041 109,793 3,468,688 349,502 250,265 144,906 135,887 26 Maryland Baltimore . . 10,527,866 278,533 7,900,596 1,020,236 257,448 219,669 851,384 27 Massachusetts Boston . . . 16,220,683 687,154 12,772,276 1,354,222 553,437 699,986 153,608 28 Cambridge . . . . 1,848,067 47,275 1,514,247 182,527 29,744 61,691 12,583 29 Fall River . 1,173,715 23,008 938,053 139,454 27,824 31,061 14,315 30 Lowell5 _ 1,092,442 1,271,206 19,714 26,004 884,430 1,044,057 156,537 157,812 5,593 11,911 26,168 26,164 31 New Bedford . . . 5,258 32 Somerville . . 1,590,464 2,689,095 25,123 70,934 1,317,708 2,126,840 168,139 310,943 54,790 93,953 24,704 83,265 33 Springfield . . . . . 3,160 34 Worcester . . 3,396,693 62,848 2,722,674 338,140 192,756 75,277 4,998 35 Michigan Detroit . . . 25,637,593 664,436 20,369,214 2,862,844 850,528 755,315 135,256 36 Flint _ _ _ _ 2,615,802 131,041 1,786,899 456,882 92,822 136,860 11,298 37 Grand Rapids . . . 2,556,822 89,284 1,865,256 315,299 176,530 81,941 28,512 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 65 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 POPULATION OR MORE Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools $1,507 $17,219 $42,007 134,431 273,351 957,872 116,191 46,394 27,535 47,166 94,960 144,168 333,900 7,654 164,142 67,787 9,474 28,874 6,537 31,278 27,720 795 22,992 2,967 103,540 34,401 64,929 64,624 (4) 358,562 560,736 5,974 33,880 59,775 3,896 3,325 1,611 11,947 7,157 19,872 37,656 36,819 *591 5,451 115,521 23,829 77,136 211,517 1,454 10,410 51,931 495 45,780 5,205 14,357 18,538 4,214 1,655 25,650 340,407 286,355 116,361 11,850 7,792 12,467 Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds >$472,538 *$339,135 $998 $3,143,964 9,569 398,487 625,679 322,595 5,593,094 8,052 2,939,311 2,757,759 2,747,254 47,437,212 62,654 3,456 424,413 545,831 922,874 8,565,328 8,807 253,637 253,203 509,804 3,566,571 5,547 588 166,425 257,625 374,506 4,398,296 3,281 530,034 775,000 3,740,538 15,282,891 12,170 292,613 516,133 277,462 6,489,063 6,016 124,306 195,000 1,342 2,441,455 2,716 317,484 495,895 25,542 4,401,582 7,693 735 14,430 14,000 4,683 2,873,102 298 72 38,520 47,178 1,733,726 811 1,863,460 13,249,076 183,955 302,286 88,437 4,211,799 3,988 2,828,351 38,476,448 10,744,542 107,755,351 35,752 50,306 8,023 20,390 65,089 45,899 1,620,984 710 36 85,693 255,000 37,964 1,965,908 2,075 19 143,999 4,958 304,092 2,288,704 3,315 142 382,973 380,700 146,759 6,722,694 8,075 425 23 86,688 348,000 489,680 2,512,988 1,900 312,988 164,000 46,509 3,154,242 7,021 287 101,649 229,000 1,041,802 2,981,465 2,847 90,604 295,347 110,240 2,275,533 2,560 470,649 1,000,000 13,012 5,026,959 10,966 319,368 1,089,462 5,942,937 7,104 484 300 891,102 1,466,941 11,571 13,042,281 21,745 1,178 265,984 578,586 451,679 17,805,585 7,851 33 2,658 764,625 7 158, 500 835,542 2,918,598 71,311 43,987 213,500 1,483,628 904 18,650 110,000 125,180 1,346,272 495 53,271 240,000 1,615,462 1,323 55,073 202,000 9,139 1,889,571 1,473 51,260 216,000 3,927 2,964,496 1,613 1,200 60,000 305 3,485,503 2,819,941 4,020,041 1,125,302 34,346,000 65,868 267,149 492,131 26,853 3,421,577 4,256 149 860 92,101 433,719 11,069 3,106,178 1,740 ....... Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) 10,218 16,095 162,197 27,280 10,839 10,598 46,160 22,486 9,413 17,674 8,392 9,876 53,113 11,844 256,318 8,510 6,842 8,215 25,932 9,743 12,024 7,189 6,111 14,198 16,773 50,966 72,039 5,567 4,987 4,620 8,148 4,908 12,546 11,929 114,045 14,766 713,658 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 66 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools , bonds , and sinking Group I. — CITIES OF loo.ooo Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 38 Minnesota Duluth _ _ 1,940,806 57,256 1,436,291 282,138 86,236 57,137 21,748 39 Minneapolis. _ _ _ 8,365,902 256,521 6,138,255 986,184 290,924 302,519 391,499 40 St. Paul . . . 3,646,070 90,683 2,770,570 467,509 142,739 74,232 100,337 41 Missouri Kansas City _ _ 4,848,739 210,074 3,558,588 550,803 172,710 318,632 37,932 42 St. Louis . . . 11,061,773 424,857 8,356,861 1,038,286 518,281 659,652 63,836 43 Nebraska Omaha _ _ _ _ 2,736,085 137,751 2,003,978 302,386 95,969 32,288 163,713 44 New Jersey Camden _ _ _ 2,030,651 48,303 1,595,700 225,486 95,860 49,673 15,629 4,5 Elizabeth. . . . 2,081,755 64,075 1,624,786 218,780 116,705 50,322 7,087 46 Jersey City . . . 6,843,770 304,788 4,889,644 725,288 443,943 458,247 21,860 47 Newark. . . . . 9,933,117 409,820 7,848,863 816,537 294,083 521,694 42,120 48 Paterson . . . . 2,867,526 59,186 2,370,810 284,710 78,732 57,290 16,798 49 Trenton . . . 2,261,479 80,812 1,768,568 244,359 103,852 49,824 14,064 50 New York Albany . . . 1,929,114 39,622 1,474,266 196,439 54,825 64,087 99,875 51 Buffalo _ 10,489,577 277,115 7,833,902 1,303,320 414,190 125,945 535,105 52 New York . 165,465,819 4,399,177 130,017,763 9,549,223 4,976,771 2,783,222 13,739,663 53 Rochester . . 6,708,831 205,228 4,985,465 781,914 239,530 67,809 428,885 54 Syracuse _ 4,155,621 66,756 3,024,181 526,903 122,184 99,536 316,061 55 Utica _ _ _ 1,641,787 23,506 1,262,084 169,019 53,734 46,005 87,439 56 Yonkers . . 3,838,105 103,004 3,085,003 306,793 78,396 65,177 199,732 57 North Carolina Charlotte . . . 837,404 14,279 726,478 62,762 26,093 2,400 5,392 58 Ohio Akron _ _ _ 4,050,893 78,852 3,081,756 498,907 149,130 56,223 186,025 59 Canton . . . 1,754,723 37,926 1,280,048 230,667 73,765 62,240 70,077 60 Cincinnati _ _ . 7,211,637 267,296 5,518,067 758,729 223,382 137,783 306,380 61 Cleveland _ _ _ 15,648,131 397,478 11,452,728 1,848,981 799,329 594,084 555,531 62 Columbus . 3,840,215 71,296 3,016,389 432,158 85,136 85,142 150,094 63 Dayton _ _ _ 2,885,945 74,713 2,201,513 340,246 72,405 47,850 149,218 64 Toledo _ _ _ 4,672,520 116,417 3,510,413 492,809 91,719 196,751 264,411 65 Youngstown . . . 2,838,697 46,457 2,305,611 297,973 45,579 40,853 102,224 66 Oklahoma Oklahoma City _ _ _ 2,438,977 66,903 1,984,321 280,407 55,356 25,296 26,694 67 Tulsa _ _ 2,396,339 93,089 1,815,476 247,225 157,306 68,363 14,880 68 Oregon Portland . . . 4,490,562 186,186 3,476,366 403,331 137,019 99,394 188,266 69 Pennsylvania Erie.. . . 1,975,326 68,036 1,439,468 232,303 48,588 134,015 52,916 70 Philadelphia _ _ _ 27,500,381 1,154,020 21,436,079 2,560,728 949,531 741,783 658,240 71 Pittsburgh . 12,164,596 462,761 9,079,119 1,399,069 620,748 330,513 272,386 72 Reading . . . 1,957,296 77,498 1,417,626 261,264 73,052 51,395 76,461 73 Scranton . ... 2,368,925 71,793 1,848,496 238,233 76,636 62,626 71,141 74 Rhode Island Providence . . . 4,705,336 111,293 3,539,184 509,419 157,903 123,488 264,049 75 Tennessee Chattanooga _ _ 1,043,864 24,695 903,590 78,272 26,630 7,599 3,078 76 Knoxville _ 1,344,559 33,603 1,077,476 122,419 49,196 26,755 35,110 77 Memphis . . 2,109,670 50,498 1,690,583 158,991 142,170 12,805 54,623 78 Nashville _ _ 1,407,313 29,083 1,123,299 110,150 30,686 36,128 77,967 79 Texas Dallas _ _ 3,448,519 84,262 2,952,101 248,110 66,919 87,631 9,496 80 Fort Worth.. _ _ 2,472,876 115,870 1,971,451 188,005 85,009 107,947 4,594 81 Houston . . 4,736,894 105,059 3,968,145 322,196 212,329 95,497 33,668 82 San Antonio _ 2,824,200 112,494 2,405,397 189,248 98,233 13,395 5,433 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 67 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 10,319 7,448 96,029 321,948 194,627 2,571,177 2,192 68 105 11,049 38 52,643 2,810 685,895 2,105,450 1,092,714 12,305,414 15,422 35,853 39 5,124 446,633 242,000 723,221 5,063,048 9,953 172 3,496 15,549 40 19,578 20,626 807,911 1,104,165 464,007 7,265,026 19,818 6,006 34,057 41 107,393 60,000 1,635 1,259,012 12,489,813 2,000 42,818 42 2,557 29,875 396,440 486,837 19,826 3,671,620 8,195 2,581 18,981 43 6,481 1,186 159,405 177,204 788,240 3,163,167 3,898 30 439 8,083 44 22,823 231,984 2 '4,854 22,176 2,653,592 5,068 54 491 8,657 45 9 Q15 133,748 556,755 646,126 8,183,314 11,401 1,547 23,183 46 40!lll 164,316 23,884 745^668 539^627 111,644 11,558,367 17,337 6,348 26,742 47 3,986 44,928 246,902 452,600 432,022 4,047,964 5,365 73 83 12,494 48 3,446 27,002 289,202 189,913 1,643,362 4,414,404 7,440 615 8,513 49 11,040 26,088 194,632 3,844 2,410,268 4,555 9,790 50 58,181 91J93 21,602 555,856 1,778,750 263,398 13,258,557 12,317 53,162 51 148,626 928,671 13,971,883 14,175,934 15,245,100 209,936,03:- 353,428 573,742 52 9,916 122,276 6,897 599,073 753,500 253,814 8,454,307 12,977 1,110 20,105 53 84,777 29,247 215,544 708,286 3,728 5,197,203 5,173 16,058 54 37,128 18,974 50,510 172,658 31,996 1,953,053 1,425 7,994 55 7,889 332,707 424,650 81,727 4,685,078 7,343 17,075 56 2,606 1,385 »61,398 859,000 15,494 977,287 1,301 39 83 4,720 57 3,240 5,037 620,103 2,640,415 165,386 7,485,074 4,582 350 560 16,633 58 7,349 238,699 230,262 24,759 2,255,792 4,469 1,007 9,201 59 105,059 105,919 506,349 585,268 124,536 8,638,76S 11,665 2,654 30,249 60 110,029 480,484 1,749,676 4,275,137 22,263,457 10,158 683 63,186 61 18,958 4,979 323,496 472,743 9,804 4,670,195 5,908 150 2,290 16,975 62 12,740 3,543 287,209 620,663 5,344 3,815,444 5,507 300 14,495 63 6,050 15,773 1,639 584,558 1,023,427 550,459 6,854,426 12,702 925 27,405 64 10,585 11,711 87,567 336,970 1,351,942 4,637,472 1,705 46 10,039 65 4,533 *3,025 214,170 517,500 37,077 3,215,282 4,777 1,024 14,074 66 9,761 17,249 238,775 52,858 33,402 2,748,384 5,188 1,559 15,000 67 49,222 13,389 244,269 702,374 121,084 5,620,900 4,880 5 492 23,735 68 218,060 371,063 5,706 2,570,155 4,874 95 164 11,935 69 297,528 2,690,803 4,627,458 2,258,650 37,374,820 80,511 4 30,302 133,764 70 286,754 64,034 797,927 1,610,116 3,653,217 18,576,644 20,656 97 538 63,228 71 18,797 263,658 583,683 26,420 2,849,854 6,569 340 39 10,971 72 13,633 174,044 1,492,083 34,700 4,083,385 6,283 1,527 76 13,136 73 36,707 598,737 542,000 14,282 5,897,062 15,688 379 3,137 21,101 74 19,336 6,616 1,069,816 *4,059 75 17,514 5100,000 *75,000 2,792 1,539,865 *2,368 4,474 76 243,369 176,000 834,535 3,363,574 |, 594 449 10,566 77 127,525 439,000 2,031,794 4,005,632 3,644 8,747 78 34,284 17,756 301,713 340,625 541,251 4,684,148 7,142 2,086 16,053 79 322,878 250,076 36,550 3,082,380 6,493 1,095 949 12,730 80 64,793 8,380 497,609 968,342 93,247 6,369,265 10,613 1,388 22,129 81 320.299 228,530 144,999 3,518,028 6,333 275 447 11,644 82 68 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group I. — cities OF ioo.ooo Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 83 Utah Salt Lake City . . 2,374,320 85,122 1,863,270 235,921 126,646 44,905 18,456 84 Virginia Norfolk _ 1,377,935 28,432 1,128,937 132,201 67,106 91,315 21,259 55,985 85 RichmoncL . . . . 2,438,342 49,091 2,024,865 207,677 9,409 86 Washington Seattle _ 5,727,193 149,711 4,660,331 570,722 201,195 136,907 8,327 87 Spokane . . .. 1,803,477 38,830 1,492,080 189,854 51,659 28,451 2,603 88 Tacoma . . . 1,545,125 43,594 1,234,036 162,811 64,815 29,056 10,813 89 Wisconsin Milwaukee - - - - 9,132,939 187,499 6,713,255 858,505 669,534 648,971 55,175 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 69 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued POPULATION OR MORE Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 58,448 129,380 75,483 69,861 2,707,492 3,761 288 149 10,285 83 13,7"2 12,024 6,369 1*317,377 1,727,437 6,348 6,759 84 22,688 25,430 8,143 301,239 89,881 244,358 3,130,081 6,940 8,650 85 (<) 78,885 11,626 374,303 668,000 66,468 6,926,475 7,254 22,367 86 4,651 16,620 26,920 100,000 3,614 1,955,282 600 8,137 87 22,525 1,804 53,243 202,515 22,412 1,847,624 1,104 44 143 6,250 88 1,216,255 P1) 18,416 212,463 678,500 776,500 12,035,073 4,498 41,402 89 70 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 1 Alabama Gadsden _ _ $232,216 $5,924 $203,720 $16,557 $3,921 $2,066 $28 2 Arizona Phoenix . . 731,682 23,905 608,946 68,283 13,182 14,190 3,176 3 Tucson _ _ .. . .. 865,791 21,653 691,226 73,660 49,013 15,670 14,569 4 Arkansas Fort Smith _ — — 328,441 15,874 251,671 34,925 17,301 3,562 5,108 5 Little Rock... . . . 753,566 28,429 598,353 80,936 14,758 16,769 14,321 6 California Alameda. .. - 778,133 26,386 606,682 82,716 37,841 16,550 7,958 7 Alhambra. . . 979,331 61,813 726,818 90,516 33,444 43,947 22,793 8 Berkeley - - - 1,611,771 66,773 1,228,488 159,053 71,505 66,470 19,482 9 Burbank . . . 655,613 37,634 496,615 48,798 44,732 20,965 6,869 10 Fresno _ _ .. 1.602,701 44,710 1,277,957 141,387 82,403 29,590 26,654 11 Glendale. _ 1,934,521 84,368 1,559,019 166,148 57,662 44,255 23,069 12 Inglewood _ _ _ . 762,462 36,610 579,711 82,531 24,040 29,516 10,054 13 Montebello. .. _ 584,397 28,886 437,214 54,148 19,676 38,364 6,109 14 Pasadena _ _ .. — 3,120,995 122,647 2,49 >,32, 308,861 80,268 77,872 36,022 15 Riverside _ _ — 860,739 26,980 687,204 77,398 15,732 40,735 12,690 16 San Bernardino . . . 928,443 31,292 711,717 88,363 21,634 62,443 12,994 17 San Jose5 - - 1,854,259 24,859 1,501,550 132,745 114,443 60,903 19,759 18 Santa Ana _ .. - ... 837,213 29,341 636,575 93,138 40,676 26,539 10.944 19 Santa Barbara _ 866,240 41,971 656,966 78,662 21,066 51,579 15,996 20 Santa Monica _ . _ ... 1,306,811 45,228 892,195 99,721 56,536 170,609 42,522 21 Stockton - - 1,326,475 18,982 1,087,631 99,152 34,861 17,240 68,609 22 Colorado Col» "ado Springs _ 659,625 25,296 516,302 48,785 18,909 15,242 35,031 23 Pueblo: District No. 1 _ ... . 352,692 14,137 286,197 30,478 11,506 5,777 4,597 24 District No. 20 _ . 436,149 18,330 335,228 45,257 16,799 4,807 15,728 25 Connecticut Bristol _ _ _ 481,940 23,825 383,504 41,209 12,442 14,106 6,854 26 Meriden _ . ..... 560,075 1,234,738 309,003 10,847 21,991 8,920 432,063 989,747 247,639 70,458 129.802 31,970 27,533 19,174 27 New Britain 63,474 9,123 29,724 8,172 28 New London _ _ _ 3,179 29 Norwalk - - - - 584,161 14,007 451,015 70,715 7,210 20,299 20,915 30 Norwich . . . .... 441,012 7,686 222,337 36,684 12,909 158,324 3,072 31 Stamford. . _ _ _ 1,121,341 33,181 857,767 131,222 57,177 33,520 8,474 32 Waterbury _ _ 1,652,650 32,976 1,337,526 194,158 49,546 6,132 32,312 33 West Hartford.. _ _ .. 554,010 12,978 418,904 62,899 37,068 13,307 8,854 34 West Haven. _ _ . 447,985 14,843 349,769 45,017 13,550 19,973 4,833 35 Georgia Columbus. .. .... 453,788 9,490 379,697 25,614 26,983 5,346 6,658 36 Illinois Alton _ 412,663 386,967 14,594 8,628 316,327 281,782 50,683 50,404 15,188 39,304 14,104 3,504 1,767 3,345 37 Aurora: East Side _ _ _ _ 38 West Side _ _ _ _ 241,087 8,433 186,836 31,387 9,735 1,997 2,699 39 Berwyn: District No. 98. ..... 151,627 188.129 328.130 7,939 9,386 82,661 137,662 255,130 30,340 31,304 45,400 30,467 8,729 12,644 220 40 District No. 100 ... . .. 1,048 1,469 41 Bloomington. . . 10,306 3,181 42 Cicero _ _ _ 597,766 31,157 378,135 107,657 66,225 10,841 3,751 43 Danville _ _ _ 484,643 14,731 364,252 64,895 31,967 3,919 4,879 44 Decatur _ _ 719,671 16,601 599,288 76,639 13,170 8,692 5,281 45 East St. Louis. . 1,060,824 41,409 808,401 142,014 33,915 26,386 8,699 46 Elgin . . 415,716 10,796 320,567 56,921 19,736 3,552 4,144 47 Evanston: District No. 75 _ _ _ 494,484 12,753 369,118 67,493 22,232 15,349 7,539 48 District No. 76 _ _ ._ 245,760 13,401 173,212 38,590 9,127 7,915 3,515 49 Joliet _ _ _ _ f Maywood _ _ \ \ Melrose Park . . . j 509,359 17,930 381,370 82,264 12,282 10,152 5,361 50 316,736 22,230 224,789 50,361 8,516 7,149 3,691 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 71 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 99,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands cf dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 5$45,937 *$8,000 $18,616 $304,769 *861 *1,500 1 65,420 370,000 7,339 1,174,441 1,141 2,008 2 47,038 139,011 63,985 1,115,825 1,045 2,841 3 2,700 3,110 1,490 35,028 43,000 7,430 421,199 794 2,098 4 5^413 84,509 81,806 10,267 935,561 1,989 4,555 5 123,050 (4) 33,984 31,000 18,200 864,367 679 282 2,430 6 13,736 24,136 1,252 76,752 129,000 464,776 1,688,983 1,570 4,749 7 75,847 46*815 8,270 71,144 95,306 379,885 2,289,038 1,373 8,359 8 23,099 (11) 01) 65,508 47,000 367,490 1,158,710 2,257 2,500 9 22 597 43 069 142,480 145*000 115,342 2,071,189 3,000 5,500 10 16 619 37 162 179^723 163^500 136,935 2,468,460 3,612 6,358 11 2,410 303 34J94 69,000 30,151 899,120 658 2,122 12 1,980 9,863 45,508 63,000 103,689 808,437 898 4 1,580 13 13,326 54,681 168,888 291,000 352,172 4,001,062 3,471 11,513 14 3*900 20*573 67,681 84,500 65,254 1,102,647 1,367 3,100 15 8,340 13^928 60,194 110,000 48,535 1,169,440 1,203 3,450 16 34,596 74,288 151,000 37,149 2,151,292 1,348 5,000 17 19,459 62,441 124,924 20,102 1,064,139 1,557 22,384 18 18,197 79,129 144,125 91,745 1,199,436 1,229 3,723 19 4 700 30,869 87,424 47,000 187,584 1,664,388 1,764 3,889 20 47,237 20,407 20,500 89,000 58,154 1,561,773 310 2,825 21 21,765 100,000 417,818 1,199,208 637 2,923 22 1,995 18,062 29,275 2,097 404,121 442 1 1,684 23 7,715 29,817 30,022 17,531 521,234 760 5 2,463 24 2,944 16,205 50,709 20,478 572,276 540 25 3,304 25 4,288 35,091 72,000 5,190 676,644 825 1,138 26 13,274 97,339 180,000 111,210 1,636,561 2,358 6,909 27 4,963 6,473 103,558 423,997 142 72 1,281 28 1,995 160 58,075 87,000 3,583 734,974 1,907 15 2,432 29 2,361 13,026 125 456,524 288 777 30 8,693 97,583 139,279 7,466 1,374,362 2,255 337 4,291 31 6,060 17,027 43,481 108,000 1,758 1,828,976 1,112 6,606 32 4,155 77,791 108,300 12,063 756,319 1,602 303 2,358 33 1,625 52,590 87,062 2,949 592,211 1,153 25 2,768 34 2,787 B28,217 *38,017 1,190 523,999 *605 2,076 35 12,251 40,649 8,170 473,733 272 2,200 36 1,400 3,141 1,371 13,605 116,000 198 522,682 266 55 2,405 37 13,751 185,000 2,440 442,278 245 31 1,354 38 27,601 29,000 7,295 215,523 529 2,070 39 24,480 27,179 3,907 243,695 462 1,050 40 10,474 24,000 8,058 370,662 227 3,217 41 77,413 45,271 42,875 763,325 1,396 2,375 42 10,761 58,401 121,354 675,159 366 2,228 43 1,032 1,080 24,634 72,876 139,286 958,579 636 30 3,873 44 29,575 100,000 12,188 1,202,587 400 4,654 45 19,830 35,000 20,193 490,739 422 131 2,438 46 36,807 83,000 11,044 625,335 729 171 2,457 47 27,286 155,248 428,294 625 63 2,131 48 52,943 75,258 6,450 644,010 1,073 2,322 49 40,621 47,732 19,656 424,745 821 75 1,745 50 72 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group II.— cities OF 30,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 51 Moline . . 523,347 20,099 390,959 67,770 21,435 17,640 5,444 52 Oak Park . 653,687 32,003 483,052 91,837 30,479 10,546 5,770 53 Quincy . . 462,631 17,431 368,275 54,839 15,473 1,192 5,421 54 Rockford . 1,166,611 32,188 878,869 157,710 64,204 22,909 10,731 55 Rock Island.. . 492,195 16,796 364,767 74,699 27,178 5,287 3,468 56 Springfield . 882,276 25,487 692,396 111,331 26,293 15,144 11,625 57 Waukegan . Indiana. 292,560 13,786 211,197 41,671 13,976 3,274 8,656 58 Anderson . . 554,892 18,487 447,921 60,244 15,743 9,500 2,997 59 East Chicago . . 851,285 31,166 653,335 125,414 20,783 16,035 4,552 60 Elkhart . . 478,605 15,470 362,033 64,296 28,448 3,978 4,380 61 Evansville . 1,468,176 30,987 1,189,461 138,409 65,324 33,436 10,559 62 Hammond . . . 1,289,667 35,464 973,614 189,042 41,696 26,010 23,841 63 Kokomo . . 482,199 14,102 372,187 49,020 13,407 16,160 17,323 64 Muncie . . . 723,870 22,758 560,270 83,395 30,195 8,593 18,659 65 Richmond . . . 537,505 20,339 421,072 60,681 21,332 3,257 10,824 66 Terre Haute . Iowa 941,078 30,812 696,724 103,507 23,190 79,955 6,890 67 Cedar Rapids . 943,595 27,949 731,810 108,381 65,763 7,340 2,352 68 Council Bluffs . . 606,131 18,014 488,064 67,431 11,147 17,573 3,902 69 Davenport . . . 875,810 29,516 677,913 120,982 26,765 17,895 2,739 70 Dubuque . . 474,261 19,927 357,422 64,250 23,068 6,554 3,040 71 Ottumwa _ _ 421,266 16,163 324,318 47,849 27,807 4,266 863 72 Sioux City... . . Waterloo: 1,351,733 35,212 1,074,696 149,582 42,817 34,579 14,847 73 East Side . . . 298,622 9,128 234,369 41,198 6,142 5,337 2,448 74 West Side . . Kansas 297,600 12,546 225,514 41,486 11,671 2,625 3,758 75 Hutchinson . . . 442,714 12,455 361,648 53,460 8,525 2,894 3,732 76 Topeka . . . Kentucky 1,035,617 35,774 780,215 120,619 40,491 25,457 33,061 77 Covington . . 710,277 17,635 557,612 81,891 23,593 7,611 21,935 78 Lexington _ _ 518,709 14,566 424,446 51,303 12,308 11,894 4,192 79 Newport . 295,059 10,200 248,439 12,855 15,362 7,514 689 80 Owensboro . 212,299 6,850 166,999 22,209 8,231 5,450 2,560 81 Paducah . . Maine 291,972 10,269 235,171 29,463 5,976 5,289 5,804 82 Lewiston _ _ _ 295,083 6,595 239,261 27,414 5,886 12,156 3,771 83 Portland _ _ Massachusetts 918,300 19,668 723,743 124,892 35,732 9,685 4,580 84 Arlington . . 655,827 804,771 971,616 18,914 16,754 19,683 508,001 678,838 754,137 77,515 53,674 108,440 26,927 24,799 55,902 24,470 85 Brockton _ 30,706 28,758 86 Brookline . 4,696 87 Chelsea.. . . 626,659 579,394 13,887 12,596 507,136 448,095 66,233 73,184 18,311 6,481 21,092 36,315 88 Chicopee _ 2,723 89 Everett. _ _ _ _ 787,035 19,264 631,136 98,637 14,170 17,541 6,287 90 Fitchburg _ _ 582,866 11,767 432,241 84,255 18,505 31,469 4,629 91 Haverhill . 544,100 12,949 437,521 68,223 1,541 22,158 1,708 92 Holyoke . 738,589 18,462 582,087 89,477 15,339 25,627 7,597 93 Lawrence . 1,186,346 20,260 948.222 126,447 53,996 25,827 11,594 94 Lynn . . 1,477,428 53,929 1,157,373 208,534 39,982 12,190 5,420 95 Malden _ _ _ 751,395 1,097,534 18,469 31,844 606,049 884,499 92,342 121,925 25,553 15,686 8,982 19,620 96 Medford . . . 23,960 97 Newton . . . . . 1,600,808 37,237 1,219,627 189,504 107,005 39,236 8,199 98 Pittsfield . 766,640 15,840 579,754 99,367 23,128 34,900 13,651 99 Quincy . . 1,235,975 25,900 1,034,465 122,229 27,466 24,602 1,313 100 Revere _ 629,168 523,481 13,162 20,596 508,440 405,214 82,843 64,863 1,094 13,428 23,629 13,494 101 Salem . . . 5,886 102 Taunton _ . 501,664 576,581 573.170 14,051 12,478 14.864 390,856 468,009 481.836 62,594 67,195 59.820 8,725 7,349 7.378 25,438 21,550 9.272 103 Waltham _ 104 Watertown . . . (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 73 funds, and value of school property , by city, 1939-40 — Continued 99,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt s (Current fi Interest lervice imds only) All other debt service Capital outlay 5,694 21,840 48,000 364,784 50,545 95,422 950 778 34,710 74,000 16,642 6,597 1,145 100,643 938,100 2,569,016 27,051 5,000 16,003 26,300 44,000 16,144 23,312 157,618 12,330 38,505 1,783 23,745 66,500 155,769 9,281 4,173 95,000 61,525 354,751 23,250 80,000 21,759 9,602 71,803 186,000 22,057 00 ■<1 to CO 74,183 95,000 52,996 18,099 45,500 220,566 7,814 25,610 25,000 15,928 1,091 31,700 40,000 51,453 2,282 29,213 105,000 3,240 68,011 140,150 15,398 20,947 42,010 7,801 4,456 28,110 110,000 1,864,469 11,508 4,373 21,069 114,455 14,828 492 19,888 47,000 70,445 3,863 4,504 2,215 54,779 133,000 206,389 14,224 30,000 266,591 1,215 925 27,918 45,000 11,327 28,599 140,160 10,761 8,659 65,649 180,225 173,665 6,620 2,858 40,686 54,703 9,935 27,111 58,243 95,426 20,273 16,142 9,020 14,463 18,248 24,676 10,135 58,800 7,901 2,392 8,161 58,630 82,297 2,218 807 14,521 64,000 11,102 14,917 9,840 *4,843 *24,000 15,287 22,728 215,500 98,898 10,914 12,090 48,000 11,580 74 3,000 29,401 6,380 16,800 112,000 881 8,693 15,720 71,000 5,294 1,018 2,400 12,000 679 24,060 “16,800 35,000 31,724 14,936 12,188 117,500 1,642 11,237 28,772 753 28,444 253,000 1,097 6,367 28,688 124,000 87,778 7,611 1,159 *32,360 *169,000 961,539 9,323 59,636 210,000 146,309 56,075 16,930 90,000 4,670 16,908 150,500 13,959 5,447 15,100 86,500 10,867 2,873 1,556 4,880 50,500 9,440 10,015 51,000 16,924 90,000 2,447 3,135 14,483 107,000 1,091 Grand total of expendi¬ tures 963,665 800,604 588,761 4,782,112 540,249 968,720 485,820 841,194 1,376,015 603,614 1,757,638 1,520,569 766,364 798,222 661,749 1,077,573 1,170,394 676,889 2,882,845 640,494 559,091 1,756,483 609,437 383,985 622,234 1,463,815 825,079 699,489 340,494 269,686 368,808 297,475 1,069,606 746,257 858,371 1,324,029 697,663 594,048 952,497 683,573 559,518 846,852 1,332,612 1,800,731 998,228 2,269,203 2,026,076 929,645 1,422,012 747,082 583,290 572,119 685,952 698,879 Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 389 796 3,248 413 65 20 18 78 562 109 178 18 5 199 100 62 23 44 10 Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) 2,741 4,507 7,062 7,209 4,173 5,051 1,320 2,380 4,404 2,168 6,898 4,625 2,365 2,412 3,556 4,499 5,293 *2,500 5,343 2,991 1,700 5,748 1,000 *1,675 1,672 5,962 3,278 2,590 1,337 1, 1,758 1,333 5,356 2,900 2,377 4,552 2,~ 1,254 4, 2,594 2,776 1,958 4,383 9,246 3,399 5,256 9,562 4,268 6,547 5,517 2,847 2,388 2,477 2,722 67 87 74 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group II.— CITIES OF 30.00C- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 105 Michigan Battle Creek - . - 697,854 26,453 468,989 123,983 24,544 46,389 7,496 106 Bay City . . . 735,997 22,774 586,746 91,019 15,647 16,359 3,452 107 Dearborn: City District.. _ _ 361,062 13,280 261,259 50,738 17,457 16,141 2,187 108 1,277,271 938,823 91,970 57,227 884,237 202,556 147,672 59,825 £2,840 38,683 76,045 109 Hamtramck . . . 597,572 7,467 110 Highland Park _ 1,201,855 47,546 891,152 154,214 53,118 50,456 5,369 111 Jackson _ ... - 867,858 30,174 655,803 127,983 35,749 12,889 5,260 112 Kalamazoo _ 1,171,168 34,260 807,532 155,815 32,830 125,069 15,662 113 Lansing. - - 1,370,533 39,584 1,009,122 188,517 51,829 70,695 10,786 114 Muskegon - - 773,107 25,470 541,460 105,578 20,924 74,729 4,946 115 Pontiac _ _ 1,024,871 35,384 739,940 180,463 44,478 16,642 7,964 116 Port Huron . . . . 612,587 18,531 482,879 77,091 15,521 12,129 6,436 117 Saginaw... . . 1,285,029 30,903 922,468 182,898 52,905 80,732 15,123 118 Wyandotte _ 567,227 14,546 419,100 86,883 17,540 29,054 104 119 Mississippi Jackson . . 371,159 13,017 301,823 31,419 15,727 948 8,225 120 Meridian... . . . 332,892 11,139 265,389 37,068 9,954 2,744 6,598 121 Missouri Joplin. - - 407,758 12,774 303,756 52,884 25,871 7,021 5,453- 8,131* 122 St. Joseph . . 889,426 24,944 662,412 132,156 33,487 28,296 123 Springfield _ 685,444 19,851 549,754 81,216 24,416 5,757 4,450 124 University City . . . 527,542 24,096 422,706 67,710 961 10,443 1,626 125 Montana Butte _ 725,496 21,934 526,351 95,263 63,198 17,695 1,055 126 Nebraska Lincoln - - - - 1,149,405 49,581 854,596 158,814 51,015 29,597 5,802 127 New Hampshire Manchester _ _ _ 762,228 18,876 581,340 73,921 39,769 29,040 19,282 128 Nashua . . . 405,601 10,359 300,817 61,264 2,077 21,967 9,117 129 New Jersey Atlantic City _ 1,300,327 42,606 1,000,163 138,155 61,752 23,683 33,968 130 Bayonne . . . . 2,247,417 59,843 1,751,342 272,518 67,974 82,263 13,477 131 Bloomfield _ _ _ 900,502 22,296 698,240 99,951 36,467 38,617 4,931 132 Clifton . . . 879,742 25,772 692,697 104,022 20,620 33,208 3,423 133 East Orange _ _ . 1,316,304 43,690 1,061,201 125,350 50,988 27,908 7,167 134 Hoboken _ 1,104,264 50,482 813,399 172,562 12,378 51,399 4,044 135 Irvington _ 1,039,631 31,286 787,499 136,265 53,577 23,219 7,785 136 Kearny8. . . . . 816,113 22,736 632,248 94,160 40,426 20,816 5,727 137 Montclair. _ 1,226,612 47,587 974,217 130,044 42,758 26,238 5,768 138 New Brunswick _ 677,733 27,037 555,056 51,480 22,230 19,202 2,728 139 North Bergen _ _ 775,839 29,634 445,715 93,965 14,928 187,766 3,831 140 Orange _ _ _ _ 689,446 23,452 531,939 74,698 19,281 32,174 7,902 141 Passaic.. ... .. _ _ _ 1,328,081 34,034 1,079,472 126,214 48,526 33,371 6,464 142 Perth Amboy _ 854,338 20,393 704,753 78,383 24,365 20,858 5,586 143 Plainfield _ _ _ _ 920,396 23,179 724,338 102,463 39,805 25,619 4,992 144 South Orange _ 1,042,961 37,725 801,753 109,777 49,587 35,548 8,571 145 Union City _ 1,217,209 30,520 934,185 117,236 72,396 58,227 4,645 146 West New York _ 863,692 20,439 679,189 103,554 26,965 29,147 4,398 147 New Mexico Albuquerque _ _ 533,418 16,670 432,026 43,980 15,198 10,160 15,384 148 New York Amsterdam . . . . . 795,181 21,051 616,522 70,600 23,220 17,578 46,210 149 Auburn _ 496,598 16,284 398,075 54,496 4,633 14,249 8,861 150 Binghamton _ . 1,732,311 37,386 1,271,821 182,064 56,456 85,659 98,925 151 Elmira _ _ _ _ 848,298 19,547 669,921 69,244 21,655 20,117 . 47,814 152 Jamestown _ 936,777 46,749 680.522 102,751 22,746 16,087 67.922 153 Mount Vernon _ _ 2,068,369 62,287 1,548,369 151,435 32,233 155,912 118,133 154 Newburgh . . . 662,717 15,688 479,578 70,062 19,062 38,769 39,558 155 New Rochelle _ 1,832,847 62,351 1,396,225 170,716 68,773 34,569 100,213 156 Niagara Falls _ _ 1,935,841 62,6861 1,433,315 202,062 80,350 37.218 130,210 (See footnotes at end of table. City School Systems 75 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 99,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt i (Current f Interest service unds only) All other debt service Capital outlay 3,454 40,219 173,064 97,211 4,247 12,240 78,583 63,247 31,683 60,998 14,425 5,000 3,804 1,358 220,589 267,000 17,341 7,800 141,968 89,000 5,461 121,135 85,000 17,765 7,566 57,177 192,472 34,163 5,071 18,887 2,388 59,060 171,000 50,284 3,878 15,775 37,366 11,128 3,546 80,850 146,368 5,542 5,439 2,573 91,585 289,774 4,964 8,420 50,823 4,873 16,561 14,138 120,000 719,812 (4) 23,870 25,528 265,780 30,191 26,364 6,006 1,000 2,876 2,685 39,454 18,400 16,144 2,541 600 35,982 73,084 18,382 4,500 10,390 1,307 99,072 46,103 632,388 2,465 62,454 127,106 9,429 61,860 111,293 6,213 23,088 28,277 7,342 18,184 136,430 200,045 51,734 4,264 21,079 143,735 213,111 625 15,398 50,000 7,375 15,409 50,373 171,344 120,000 14,376 105,790 160,000 779,528 7,434 86,619 113,009 4,212 142,627 140,307 9,331 11,650 215,119 94,634 2,905 166,948 61,902 1,085 84,636 90,000 256,710 15,156 1,660 179,818 289,079 38,495 3,509 45,213 55,000 4,436 3,051 515 6,290 54,816 17,126 135 5,875 5,328 86,222 58,602 2,508 60,530 57,139 22,403 7,643 3,800 3,791 70,775 103,000 54,680 177,646 195,000 16,178 79,773 130,000 44,955 372 1,557 99,749 68,500 1,451 1,446 29,770 55,000 292,251 29,703 3,646 74,998 111,468 4,745 2,466 1,087 1,350 20,384 81,662 1,391 17,251 21,614 112,806 215,425 5,560 532 4,841 26,385 74,000 483,688 2,525 8,122 1,403 67,944 170,298 6,982 423 7,297 7,243 170,572 310,049 9,041 1,948 53,801 67,079 9,338 1,116 1,167 226,636 238,676 33,437 7,268 12,299 1,414 297,043 75,757 6,008 Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 1,011,802 788 79 5,083 105 894,314 580 44 7,721 106 468,168 903 1,865 107 1,792,363 4,665 10,584 108 1,183,052 2,750 12 5,384 109 1,425,755 2,820 763 6,736 110 1,159,236 1,297 4,811 111 1,477,858 1,309 4,527 112 1,427,552 *7,619 113 1,020,541 1,815 4,726 114 1,419,206 2,148 70 6,356 115 676,703 179 71,684 116 2,155,540 254 6,754 117 882,405 513 250 2,812 118 433,720 8514 2,076 119 413,451 818 2,250 120 538,347 790 92 1,813 121 1,683,186 2,631 10 5,495 122 886,898 1,418 96 2,941 123 706,908 1,529 4,034 124 784,203 633 34 3,419 125 1,555,798 3,019 26 8,404 126 1,144,417 424 4,014 127 478,999 453 1,951 128 1,315,736 5,900 129 2,603,510 3,812 8,841 130 1,945,820 2,624 5,038 131 1,086,804 2,060 27 3,674 132 1,612,781 3,426 560 5,983 133 1,428,572 2,327 643 4,572 134 1,269,566 3,508 133 5,892 135 1,247,459 1,864 74 4,102 136 1,750,820 3,825 814 7,146 137 785,891 931 3,185 138 779,405 *3,757 139 767,813 1,238 172 2,448 140 1,484,108 1,848 458 3,667 141 996,918 1,603 188 2,631 142 1,164,085 1,609 3,880 143 1,431,785 3,815 6 59 6,957 144 1,471,937 1,644 25 4,130 145 1,033,870 1,644 22 3,385 146 913,336 712 47 2,694 147 1,019,741 1,676 37 3,230 148 604,938 1,009 2,670 149 2,104,967 2,868 7,667 150 1,437,744 960 *3,174 151 1,194,051 1,653 4,374 152 2,572,994 3,699 *7,581 153 794,883 1,596 3,610 154 2,333,879 4,804 8,660 155 2,335,630 6,823 9,413 156 76 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools , bonds, and sinking Group II.— cities OF 30,000- City Current expense, full-time day schools Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 157 Poughkeepsie . . 755,626 22,898 548,508 82,881 30,816 30,177 40,346 158 Rome . . . . 515,739 12,324 410,719 37,324 9,336 16,497 29,539 159 Schenectady.. . . 2,054,812 54,681 1,583,012 198,507 40,256 55,529 122,827 Troy: 160 Lansmgburg District . 205,364 11,520 150,955 21,965 2,507 5,179 13,238 161 Union District _ 749,727 16,496 533,123 86,946 19,054 44,370 49,738 162 Watertown _ _ 719,684 20,168 534,258 71,268 27,211 22,770 44,009 163 White Plains . 1,466,067 40,293 1,117,527 142,131 36,845 38,462 90,809 North Carolina. 164 Asheville . . . 363,705 13,099 284,220 39,339 17,782 2,647 6,618 165 Durham . . . 569,408 11,700 473,257 43,347 33,749 2,758 4,597 166 Greensboro . 506,589 12,683 413,962 38,206 33,559 3,975 4,204 167 High Point _ _ _ 334,352 10,742 281,336 16,925 17,068 3,326 4,955 168 Raleigh.. . . 376,997 12,155 311,399 31,950 14,391 269 6,833 169 Winston-Salem5 _ _ _ 685,322 14,747 557,885 61,955 30,277 14,592 5,866 North Dakota 170 Fargo . . . 452,815 12,532 334,290 64,778 13,055 14,898 13,262 Ohio 171 Cleveland Heights . 1,410,789 59,063 990,219 167,954 95,088 47,209 51,256 172 East Cleveland . . 858,968 27,588 637,561 118,362 25,596 19,829 30,032 173 Hamilton5 _ 571,700 18,333 463,870 61,014 19,697 7,072 1,714 174 Lakewood _ 1,275,370 50,075 934,017 157,033 65,472 21,308 47,465 175 Lima5 _ _ 499,494 12,960 398,645 53,788 10,949 5,427 17,725 176 Lorain . . . 645,230 20,288 484,976 72,707 36,411 26,775 4,073 177 Mansfield . . 555,252 12,698 408,272 85,520 11,890 26,878 9,994 178 Marion _ _ 404,256 15,439 307,757 55,241 17,177 7,015 1,627 179 Middletown5 . . . . . 471,658 11,427 369,445 62,824 16,258 9,916 1,788 180 Newark . . . . . 443,544 7,993 330,973 69,853 22,185 9,514 3,026 181 Norwood _ _ 464,224 14,271 369,771 59,586 12,145 6,703 1,748 182 Portsmouth . . . 559,619 13,356 431,729 73,471 25,187 11,500 4,376 183 Springfield.. _ _ 911,180 15,298 750,192 109,082 14,888 19,065 2,655 184 Stuebenville . . 549,062 9,802 442,023 71,930 9,291 10,956 5,060 lv> Warren . 675,925 23,606 467,777 84,013 61,256 10,647 28,626 186 Zanesville . . 551,033 13,704 406,349 70,269 36,871 18,255 5,585 Oklahoma 187 Muskogee... . . . . 380,621 13,827 291,702 46,307 20,757 500 7,528 Oregon 188 Salem _ _ 446,281 13,153 339,796 56,840 18,999 13,066 4,427 Pennsylvania 189 Allentown . . . . 1,516,614 81,209 1,157,253 143,901 37,031 58,837 38,383 190 Altoona . . 1,257,420 37,765 973,139 155,685 24,601 29,745 36,485 191 Bethlehem . . . 904,781 37,568 674,117 99,730 31,988 35,770 25,608 192 Chester.. . . . . 869,278 40,255 666,135 93,335 21,635 14,670 33,248 193 Easton . . . . 616,656 31,559 453,848 64,002 15,451 34,269 17,527 194 Harrisburg _ _ 1,393,894 52,488 1,031,146 146,836 73,909 50,493 39,022 195 Hazleton . . . 752,528 32,350 553,574 86,905 32,038 29,418 18,243 196 Johnstown . . . . 1,173,905 57,812 887,391 155,957 25,417 16,650 30,678 197 Lancaster.. . . . . 950,777 32,584 753,978 100,498 18,524 19,749 25,444 198 Lower Merion (P.O., Ardmore). 963,563 38,623 717,757 115,054 14,156 46,835 31,138 199 McKeesport . . 966,131 45,178 754,724 103,073 18,218 18,193 26,745 200 New Castle . . 684,731 37,864 500,371 94,483 23,060 6,844 22,109 201 Norristown _ 620,771 25,067 478,988 68,437 20,598 10,173 17,508 202 U pper Darby . . . . 1,031,420 43,945 804,064 102,928 25,613 28,556 26,314 203 Wilkes-Barre . 1,530,220 54,825 1,170,994 204,715 20,513 41,156 38,017 204 Williamsport . . . 691,013 31,795 513,532 82,907 22,790 17,406 22,583 205 York . . . 973,785 29,065 751,196 124,250 22,487 20,940 25,847 Rhode Island 206 Cranston _ 736,766 15,084 601,897 87,032 13,097 19,656 207 East Providence _ 498,903 12,727 373,111 68,983 23,694 20,388 208 Newport _ 477,403 12,590 389,324 57,661 11,078 6,750 209 Pawtucket _ 929,810 11,490 763,602 140,774 11,880 2,064 210 Woonsocket . . 421,273 14,838 324,903 58,225 12,272 6,454 4,581 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 77 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 99,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 20,941 3,039 4,375 51,762 64,300 8,233 908,276 1,110 7 2,877 157 9 279 3 370 1,525 23,332 49,100 612,104 515 1,443 158 12,102 8,018 51,214 231,000 45,212 2,402,358 1,042 5,034 159 18,377 24,000 4,558 252,299 473 962 160 17 nin 1 1 232 5,407 39,633 106,525 929,534 788 2,130 161 4810 2,930 35^671 62,480 3,586 829,161 877 2,654 162 561 9,249 290,121 124,215 19,379 1,909,592 6,607 6,574 163 ls26,935 “68,000 25,000 483,640 “2,635 5,346 164 3,915 65,748 74,695 38,737 752,503 1,284 3,450 165 83,825 78,084 51,363 719,861 1,770 766 3,162 166 101,578 76,935 10,839 523,704 1,914 2,654 167 81,091 77,000 25,104 560,192 1,615 110 2,550 168 141,265 29,980 856,567 2,934 5,220 169 3,908 11,000 22,180 489,903 73 2,009 170 3,629 249,040 563,133 4,486 2,231,077 4,747 115 577 6,061 171 82,555 693,412 13,177 1,648,112 1,443 234 4,093 172 53,363 149,724 3,111 777,898 1,077 2,997 173 2,905 3,940 64,342 509,467 50,975 1,906,999 2,123 230 5,645 174 648 24,509 69,817 8,462 602,930 584 2,233 175 2.952 33,073 85,500 39,069 805,824 590 3,265 176 43,472 222,594 134,943 956,261 997 25 2,180 177 31,700 83,000 1,293 520,249 660 51,824 178 62,584 241,030 19,062 794,334 1,124 2,823 179 32,880 109,000 367,206 952,630 783 1,629 180 1,043 935 34,825 102,500 4,732 608,259 687 32 2,382 181 (4) 81,119 225,043 12,810 878,591 1,452 20 13 3,235 182 3,331 875 60,223 72,745 1,048,354 1,110 4,838 183 2,730 29,164 60,000 580,901 1,221,857 845 3,030 184 53,421 164,110 4,947 898,403 844 2,268 185 23,146 44,788 32,415 651,382 437 65 184 1,966 186 1,646 382,267 859 *548 51,613 187 21,700 61,000 17,954 546,935 574 74 2,406 188 (4) 14193,577 “316,028 3,872 2,030,091 3,899 40 580 7,299 189 146,356 184,000 1,568 1,589,344 3,141 1,209 273 7,021 190 109,498 305,476 660 1,320,415 2,407 264 526 4,520 191 165,844 136,926 5,631 1,177,679 2,460 150 1,073 3,999 192 2,104 60,028 96,700 3,263 778,751 1,357 370 3,562 193 5,647 92,218 154,901 27,602 1,674,262 1,839 52 6,118 194 58,012 271,067 16,458 1,098,065 1,364 18 136 3,103 195 9,936 177,534 441,163 9,316 1,811,854 4,197 150 312 6,373 196 3.740 5,337 134,112 258,138 57,115 1,409,219 3,185 178 754 4,607 197 C5) 85,058 132,209 336,926 1,517,756 2,835 58 211 6,820 198 1,680 70,540 84,986 821,411 1,944,748 1,953 99 4,811 199 92,912 232,053 4,072 1,013,768 1,953 5 3,742 200 52,635 92,799 4,623 770,828 1,480 234 3,008 201 160,926 179,214 13,417 1,384,977 3,725 35 984 4,479 2u2 5,511 24,276 308,691 8,083 1,876,781 780 198 18 5,673 203 24,273 43,065 159,850 9,525 927,726 897 91 123 3,930 204 70,802 89,751 260,531 1,394,869 1,880 17 22 6,260 205 5,480 97,859 76,000 1,755 917,860 2,220 238 3,354 206 43,369 36,500 3,719 582,491 984 264 1,580 207 9,555 28,428 42,192 847 558. 425 657 90 1,302 208 152 143,520 257,090 459,430 1,789,912 3.400 970 *0.164 209 43,948 36,042 501,263 1 9781 . 126 1 71,817I210 78 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds , and sinking Group II. — CITIES OF 30,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges South Carolina 211 Charleston. . . ... 608,597 24,145 489,840 39,288 23,922 11,535 19,867 212 Columbia _ 677,166 16,030 536,965 48,717 24,199 15,398 35,857 213 362,050 10,925 332,764 6,538 11,823 214 Spartanburg _ 334,966 11,064 288,581 19,707 7,397 4,880 3,337 South Dakota 215 Sioux Falls _ _ _ 590,131 20,838 441,546 91,603 26,054 8,794 1,296 Texas 216 Amarillo . . 639,283 40,220 504,559 51,408 21,101 7,407 14,588 217 Austin _ _ 782,021 25,008 666,591 58,085 20,331 6,950 5,056 Beaumont: 218 City District . . 495,812 14,532 397,529 40,523 23,593 10,519 9,116 219 French District - 67,355 7,984 49,364 5,425 1,589 2,404 589 220 South Park District _ 247,065 23,429 165,336 23,000 11,250 19,450 4,600 221 Corpus Christi _ 593,917 27,185 466,125 41,102 44,805 8,758 5,942 22'.' El Paso.. - - 1,286,445 58,739 1,057,447 68,966 59,140 12,458 29.695 223 Galveston _ 584,067 19,711 466,353 58,465 19,647 16,552 3,339 224 Laredo _ 291,397 19,737 225,111 33,186 5,375 3,761 4,227 225 Lubbock... . . . . 366,861 24,295 293,164 20,212 11,780 14,110 3,300 226 Port Arthur . . 647,700 41,931 470,216 70,150 42,000 11,324 12,079 227 Waco _ _ _ _ 652,496 16,802 555,411 57,971 15,845 2,665 3,802 228 Wichita Falls. . 530,009 30,370 436,441 45,978 10,196 1,889 5,135 Utah 229 Ogden... _ _ 710,173 22,564 545,927 62,405 68,570 8,400 2,307 Virginia 230 Alexandria _ 316,429 8,695 255,741 40,711 6,168 2,731 2,383 231 Arlington _ _ 423,555 10,795 321,130 65,346 18,607 3,136 4,541 232 Danville. . . . . 367,152 10,552 293,489 32,600 19,634 2,095 8,782 233 Lynchburg _ _ _ 496,918 15,834 413,474 33,672 15,529 12,400 6,009 234 Newport News _ 496,746 14,797 409,856 44,272 11,781 13,596 2,444 235 Petersburg _ . 317,776 9,891 263,641 33,448 6,515 4,281 236 Portsmouth _ _ 406,094 8,034 339,976 34,259 17,204 5,030 1,591 237 Roanoke . . 743,319 17,056 632,030 59,199 17,833 11,829 5,372 Washington 238 Everett _ _ _ 526,064 19,679 403,265 63,923 12,886 22,035 4,276 Wisconsin 239 Eau Claire . . . . 387,760 8,857 279,259 52,125 15,150 29,821 2,548 240 Green Bay _ 709,904 27,693 542,422 108,062 10,9^8 16,066 4,733 241 Kenosha _ . 826,055 23,842 622,532 115,274 28,0*2 30,301 6,064 242 La Crosse _ 531,299 13,928 398,163 81,822 25,526 11,860 243 Madison. . . . 1,318,082 37,426 1,034,360 159,688 17,685 62,325 6,598 244 Oshkosh _ _ 565,941 11,667 428,014 73,966 20,884 30,306 1,104 245 Racine _ 1,058,834 22,613 818,608 132,904 63,733 10,145 10,831 246 Sheboygan _ _ 584,362 15,051 442,231 80,765 25,944 12,205 8,166 247 Superior _ . . . 676,702 14,292 520,527 102,631 24,270 13,081 1,901 248 West Allis. 728,290 21,911 542,723 82,733 27,990 52,933 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 79 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 99,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 3,988 34,535 102,000 10,361 759,481 949 169 2,656 211 LI 98 2,530 80,983 136,971 46,647 945,495 1,531 24 107 2,846 212 41,250 47,437 16,515 467,252 887 300 2,083 213 45,558 10,000 209,700 600,224 978 533 2,645 214 88,493 560,827 141,010 1,380,461 1,100 43 819 3,917 215 87,330 104,010 58,922 889,545 1,797 125 2,824 216 5,994 75,453 92,000 16,439 971,907 1,887 48 4,165 217 85,610 107,500 8,385 697,307 1,826 74 3,224 218 11,274 3,500 1,804 83,933 203 3 4 383 219 17,715 19,500 47,082 331,362 350 103 759 220 67,365 42,000 306,837 1,010,119 1,439 2,160 221 102,468 98,927 111,395 1,599,235 1,952 140 2,786 222 85,373 76,000 21,351 766,791 1,828 84 4,076 223 32,165 22,000 9,025 354,587 563 30 1,552 224 58,774 26,500 141,000 593,135 1,196 1,503 225 85,797 106,000 4,922 844,419 1,915 86 4,000 226 64,376 1,900 158,866 877,638 1,409 199 2,757 227 69,389 35,916 1,453 636,767 1,781 22 2,782 228 1,545 391 182 33,861 81,866 32,070 860,088 933 11 3,540 229 4,680 41,715 46,693 7,778 417,295 1,036 1,489 230 3,823 7,683 61,762 40,739 248,601 786,163 1,490 2,613 231 812 18,470 31,500 14,607 432,541 450 1,489 232 14,179 40,958 19,343 91,901 663,299 833 120 1,587 233 2,636 56,895 42,144 59,155 657,576 1,184 1,816 234 2,730 39,600 10,000 3,967 374,073 990 331 1,271 235 2,400 7,555 705 9,900 29,928 456,582 132 1,487 236 5,253 3,445 1,148 383 10,648 764,196 2,550 3,355 237 4,117 720 14,526 13,000 243,469 801,896 296 86 1,993 238 44,000 2,241 9,268 36,000 37,788 517,057 238 1,489 239 84,918 13,853 47,888 116,500 682,386 l,6o5,449 1,472 4,271 240 71,239 14,928 45,267 48,062 1,*57 1,007,008 1,094 105 5,270 241 1665,896 1624,372 13,510 113,000 915,39i 1,663,468 640 3,247 242 260,464 20,185 89,315 200,828 9,047 1,897,921 2,174 12 5,918 243 60,343 4,231 12,055 82,000 349,010 1,073,580 320 62,368 244 144,703 17,863 35,714 114,000 111,290 1,482,404 944 5,506 245 95,271 11,134 350 19,025 48,000 33,830 791,972 584 2,859 246 68,157 51,839 21,961 11,312 829,971 1,248 19 2,280 347 105,283 22,615 1,276 37,885 94,000 97,757 1,087,106 861 2,505 248 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bor Group III. — C Current expense, full-time day school City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Alabama Anniston . . . $177,740 $7,955 $149,343 $12,134 $5,209 Bessemer _ _ _ 122,107 6,000 100,904 10,718 3,585 Decatur _ _ 112,074 4,592 80,485 7,879 3,939 Dothan _ _ _ 100,434 5,235 84,535 7,134 2,810 Fairfield... - - 93,208 5,393 75,956 6,112 3,928 Florence . . . 119,413 5,619 98,783 8,329 4,707 Huntsville _ _ _ 90,894 5,164 74,240 8,004 1,520 Phenix City . . . 61,158 3,289 51,851 3,118 1,785 Selma - - 131,763 5,273 103,741 10,763 4,258 Tuscaloosa . . . 160,676 7,387 129,595 13,502 4,108 Arkansas Blytheville - 66,263 4,538 53,691 5,725 2,033 134,534 142,394 13,726 7,636 112,690 105,898 4,020 20,233 1,990 Hot Springs _ _ 3,795 Jonesboro _ 82,832 4,875 61,688 12,103 1,840 North Little Rock.. . 147,952 7,499 109,328 16,731 3,241 Pine Bluff _ _ 171,610 6,678 124,825 19,081 8,299 Texarkana . 88,917 2,590 67,683 7,917 2,810 California Albany . . . 200,194 8,268 157,655 22,212 5,025 Anaheim. . . . . 127,217 6,604 95,085 • 16,865 1,521 Bakersfield- . . . . 632,476 20,028 458,085 56,812 74,632 Beverly Hills _ _ _ 628,896 26,898: 476,790 63,165 34,225 Brawley . . . 153,561 7,068 112,551 13,427 8,612 Burlingame- -. - - - 151,704 7,729 118,902 17,183 3,277 Compton _ _ _ 276,554 11,039 167,428 31,595 6,956 El Centro _ _ _ 256,646 12,881 190,605 25,025 13,224 El Monte. . . . . 208,505 7,689 152,624 22,610 6,640 Eureka _ _ _ _ _ 317,622 8,177 251,518 32,998 6,411 Fullerton . . . . 130,983 7,681 97,349 16,567 2,787 Lodi . . . . . 285,667 12,270 217,386 33,161 7,846 Lynwood _ _ . - . 98,160 6,991 71,823 13,462 2,637 Merced _ _ _ - 106,726 6,035 83,637 9,625 3,389 Modesto _ _ _ _ 682,650 16,356 555,734 58,402 25,190 Monrovia - .. . . 130,200 5,150 97,525 14,015 3,605 Monterey _ _ _ _ 126,300 5,840 95,469 12,284 8,319 National City5. _ _ 114,990 6,740 66,240 9,142 2,854 Ontario - - - 208,255 8,700 150,940 23,986 5,500 Palo Alto _ _ _ 452,344 16,029 349,698 54,137 9,700 Pomona _ _. . . . 543,392 27,742 426,908 58,212 13,084 Redlands - - 377,047 13,612 276,847 44,989 5,581 Redondo Beach . . . 136,952 7,130 103,542 13,787 5,166 Redwood City - 157,997 5,580 118,680 19,308 6,307 Richmond . . . 855,797 26,057 614,028 80,795 27,489 Salinas _ _ _ 472,322 9,900 358,422 60,000 20,000 San Gabriel . . . 145,744 6,925 106,814 15,405 6,779 San Leandro . . . 176,810 9,400 119,989 12,966 5,580 San Mateo - - 161,298 6,444 122,194 20,357 5,189 Santa Cruz . . . 393,051 11,092 260,406 37,000 14,870 Santa Rosa _ 313,677 8,500 238,051 30,416 11,382 South Pasadena. . . 390,165 16,596 279,336 36,704 7,986 Vallejo . . . 395,348 15,867 300,151 43,962 10,073 Ventura. . . . 139,445 8,059 62,671 18,544 8,716 Whittier . . 146,710 5,992 108,629 16,774 7,689 Colorado Boulder.. . . 281,664 13,866 203,133 30,604 7,479 Fort Collins _ _ _ 245,791 10,880 193,675 27,351 3,653 Grand Junction.. . 233,397 8,580 183,90.3 25,833 7,954 Greeley . . . 278,269 11,315 205,944 36,749 8,020 Trinidad . . . 182,195 10,089 139,545 15,345 3,158 Connecticut Ansonia . . . . . 290,228 8,925 240,376 26,635 6,279 Danbury . . . 368,244 13,277 258,228 55,598 8,870 Derby _ _ _ _ 144,033 5,550 112,423 14,220 3,838 East Hartford . 318,984 8,697 232,394 41,139 15,117 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 81 funds , and value of school property , by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Interest All other debt service $30,324 6,840 813 32,722 3,096 2,440 12,121 $26,000 11,000 4,056 4,000 4,163 8,000 $2,190 $2,471 130 217 10,845 1,082 9,287 19,602 26,741 15,815 13,000 4,152 8,166 35,000 22,809 2,525 38,901 20,431 23,125 5,333 7,225 560 22,500 . 9,500 . 12,000 15,000 21 76,000 14.500 16,000 23,000 24.500 16,000 27,000 4,000 23,000 8,000 7,000 21,989 13,750 11.500 5,000 19.500 60,420 34.500 40,000 15,000 20,048 54,000 51,000 13,000 18,000 18,000 22,000 23,000 55.500 35,000 13,000 30,000 15,255 32,000 760 1,679 77,988 4,530 5,205 29,340 15,178 7,835 15,625 6,654 1,150 9,500 1,050 20,300 11,756 5,313 3,850 12,393 32,707 36,930 18,855 9,400 12,438 53,875 18,415 12,993 5,023 7,380 17,242 22,569 36,450 35,101 7,243 13,789 6,563 17,110 19,509 2,628 5,061 3,612 17,277 10,496 17,789 3,295 5,698 21,500 12,218 5,537 2,605 $3,050 12,883 5,880 4,837 21,806 6,367 22,066 36,000 18,991 10,000 _ 1,231 *1,303 706 2,135 28,000 11,000 88,066 Capital outlay $3,433 510 264 247,785 40,802 12,273 2,506 6,120 189 36,436 3,813 10,635 7,589 9,016 6,877 29,197 19,141 113,826 125,116 2,516 15,404 37,424 74,976 28,088 113,085 2,907 46,223 20,423 13,144 199,136 4,500 14,733 700 10,500 23,078 59,099 30,237 29,047 4,485 176,305 12,000 14,352 4,390 79,628 46,608 24,562 87,776 299,259 2,650 12,700 7,172 87,913 13,607 6,181 681 1,380 1,863 1,771 Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) $237,497 145,118 117,207 385,071 141,269 142,126 105,521 591 1,119 828 1 152 2 (17) 487 363 3 921 4 47 540 5 f17) 277 546 6 219 540 7 67,495 155,797 204,871 87,529 199,771 199,533 107,663 (!7) 269 231 8 4 925 9 27 9 1,182 280 10 204 11 480 15 1,150 1,095 525 12 660 6 13 395 14 194,290 *1,046 *55 1,083 15 214.541 121.542 247,484 168,583 746,323 909,679 175,107 404 884 16 501 394 17 106 755 18 186 940 19 1,848 3,397 515 20 1,694 64 21 22 188,313 91 526 23 366,318 373,928 260,428 478,393 569 265 620 24 232 1,047 742 25 183 26 304 1,105 27 144,544 185 687 28 359,652 136,083 127,920 255 1,115 29 186 *350 30 14 307 31 941,352 395 1,427 32 160,206 235 300 33 157,846 124,540 250,648 99 35 262 34 72 7129 35 233 580 36 579,045 691,710 884 46 1,425 1,704 37 732 38 469,436 385 1,191 39 190,399 194,968 1,145,675 575,237 170 617 40 239 632 41 1,007 554 3,088 42 2,240 355 43 186,089 250 44 204,223 163 475 45 266,306 491,119 392,385 572,496 764,708 144 595 46 348 1,023 47 501 1,025 48 689 66 2,477 49 685 *989 50 162,338 133 385 51 203,199 310,654 382,814 266,513 265 650 52 255 1,168 882 53 456 18 54 396 773 55 333,333 207,747 306,296 270 874 56 166 538 57 210 923 58 420,733 530 1,047 59 163,969 138 655 60 433,0221 446 55 1,225 61 82 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— CITIES OF io,ooo- Current full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 62 Groton . _ ._ . . ._ .. 157,822 7,643 114,109 20,766 10,418 2,300 2,586 63 Middletown _ _. _ 258,207 10,269 197,726 26,826 13,674 7,147 2,565 64 Naugatuck _ _ _ _ 236,437 7,274 169,024 28,988 14,372 15,290 1,489 65 Shelton.. . __ 139,737 5,451 98,695 16,614 2,362 15,636 979 66 Stratford _ .. 297,521 7,232 237,513 31,865 8,246 9,318 3,347 67 Torrington _ .. _ 438,987 10,466 333,133 51,812 19,504 20,598 3,474 68 Wallingford - .. - 248,828 6,508 183,472 22,767 8,904 24,666 2,511 69 Willimantic _ _ _ . 152,339 6,149 113,758 20,317 4,304 5,256 2,555 Georgia 70 Albany.. _ .. 153,487 4,900 128,903 16,992 2,692 71 Athens . . 159,377 7,676 129,693 11,822 4,381 “''*3*349 2*456 72 68,741 3,950 57,113 6,469 179 1,030 73 Decatur . . 123,888 6,440 94,287 10,055 6,766 1,140 5,200 74 62,760 4,085 50,818 5,919 1,042 896 75 Griffin _ . . . . 95,741 5,607 73,280 9,171 5,669 2,014 76 156,431 5,880 122,338 20,531 5,381 2,301 77 Moultrie _ .. 10R613 5,301 84,332 4,805 3,332 1,089 2,754 78 Rome _ 131,492 6,124 108,443 8,521 2,984 1,330 4,090 79 Thomas ville... . . . 90,576 6,702 75,079 4,546 1,479 263 2,507 80 Valdosta . . . . 88,123 6,177 74,009 5,085 1,413 340 1,099 81 Waycro3S ... _ _ _ 116,841 7,264 94,571 8,203 3,066 426 3.311 Idaho 82 Boise. _ . 443,733 20,452 331,177 51,920 22,026 12,576 5,582 83 Coeur D'Alene _ _ _ 139,107 6,240 106,466 16,506 3,861 4,632 1,402 84 Idaho Falls . . . 225,216 7,336 170,306 29,283 5,345 9,888 3,058 85 Lewiston.. . . .. . _ 156,329 7,361 113,054 18,880 4,380 11,034 1,620 83 Nampa. _ .... . .. - 196,607 6,536 HO, 132 20,650 3,909 13,503 1,877 87 Pocatello _ _ _ .. _ 325,350 14,384 234,308 33,780 12,974 22,325 7,579 88 Twin Falls _ _ _ 223,815 9,097 154,734 21,013 8,416 28,753 1,802 Illinois 89 Belleville18 _ ... _ 123,629 6,337 88,932 18,054 4,767 4,309 1,230 90 Blue Island _ .... 108,512 6,598 75,438 18,224 5,768 2,484 91 Brookfield _ _ _ 38,011 4,500 23,130 8,607 767 1,007 92 Cairo5 _ _ 92,507 6,050 63,574 16,644 5,371 868 Calumet City: 93 District No. 155... 41,029 5,717 24,862 9,458 499 493 94 District No. 156 24,086 2,825 16,432 4,269 54 506 95 Canton _ 185,287 5,920 131,645 27,867 7,109 9,414 3,332 96 Centralia _ .. _ 120,508 10,150 78,543 15,643 15,309 863 97 Champaign _ . _ ... 336,639 10,870 232,425 58,043 25,900 5,805 3,596 98 Chicago Heights _ ... . 166,030 8,241 116,153 28,263 8,133 4,599 641 99 Dixon5 148,447 3,039 119,636 21,519 1,436 2,817 100 East Moline. . _ _ _ . 93,869 4,537 66,835 15,029 4,563 2,021 884 101 Elmhurst 153,484 12,386 108,265 25,872 4,129 2,832 102 Elmwood Park (P.O., Chicago) 95,450 13,700 62,000 15,000 3,000 1,550 200 103 Forest Park 97,168 10,184 59,005 17,186 8,144 2,649 104 Freeport 283,546 9,215 222,554 41,700 6,237 3,840 105 Galesburg.. . ... . . .. 394,093 11,791 279,837 51,609 41,063 6,594 3,199 106 Granite City _ _ 187,272 5,750 138,198 24,314 16,505 1,158 1,347 107 Harrisburg5. ... . _ _ _ 86,371 4,447 62,444 9,436 5,601 2,381 2,062 108 Harvey. _ _ 87,051 5,510 60,532 16,863 2,520 1,626 Highland Park: 109 District No. 107 _ 101,250 7,499 69,682 17,469 3,842 1,653 1,105 110 District No. 108 _ 138,361 7,945 102,782 20,642 4,978 2,014 111 Jacksonville _ _ 178,055 7,025 144,435 17,305 4,508 ' 3,462 1,320 112 Kankakee. _ _ 228,569 9,677 160,831 35,992 16,607 2,127 3,335 113 Kewanee. . . . . 171,260 7,323 122,217 25,525 13,353 1,402 1,440 114 La Grange - - 183,224 10,181 118,279 34,516 17,363 1,941 944 115 La Salle5 _ 101,905 8,300 71,147 19,619 1,442 1,036 361 116 Lincoln _ _ _ _ _ 73,657 3,401 53,600 8,754 7,052 850 117 Mattoon _ 162,819 6,187 113,323 18,461 19,896 2,655 2,297 118 Mount Vernon... . . . 115,988 4,765 90,096 12,303 5,401 1,631 1,792 119 Ottawa _ .• _ , _ 129,610 7,000 105,882 9,470 4,558 2,700 120 Park Ridge _ _ . . 110,990 8,944 80,496 15,968 2,702 2,880 121 Pekin . . . 168,195 6,976 120,929 22,793 13,202 1,644 2,651 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 83 funds, and value of school property , by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Interest All other debt service s589 7,355 8,500 5,538 1,971 11,306 25,000 4,682 '928 3,139 16,000 6,331 2,849 16,925 40,500 6^300 8,206 260,000 90,056 3,355 2,240 7,000 L543 11,449 110,500 2,089 108,120 3,979 4,018 15,429 604 6,999 1,100 1,146 10,500 66 8,610 5,946 24,500 6,674 15,988 33,500 2,344 36 23,614 13,365 11,000 484 539 6,570 25,979 970 2,700 2,000 2,189 7,644 58,779 52,000 2,657 35,985 2,500 6,152 4,397 16,126 13,181 * 13,437 23,640 15,806 7,920 15,000 7,005 10,328 16,510 2,676 15,574 144,144 199,043 8,188 48,579 4,445 12,755 23,500 760 11,285 26,536 191 9,172 27,109 1,625 16,559 14,000 1,912 5,229 28,122 144 2,392 5,000 6,291 8,000 3,115 6,383 7,000 4,385 10,322 31,000 27,366 507 20,342 62,050 10,801 214 10,242 8,515 9,500 1,904 22,157 152,904 308 14,500 5,000 1,000 13,383 17,644 3,864 12,046 30,000 3,073 9,562 255,500 81,157 11,960 44,236 52 110,642 2,340 15,108 9,979 • 20,000 814 10,152 21,000 1,964 16,767 38,500 800 5,472 18,000 509 10,300 20,079 3,851 13,365 20,000 4,037 3,355 9,000 31,560 822 1,189 10,742 26,000 1,227 4,400 9,262 3,881 4,884 12,000 58,071 28,079 120,150 2,391 11,291 30,000 3,833 Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Grand total of expendi¬ tures School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 179,804 150 11 296,484 250 241,119 166,135 63 357,795 376 803,549 145 261,423 100 277,920 172 1 9 165,586 232 186,427 295 69,841 135,534 400 71,436 132,861 110 8 205,919 341 37 127,607 156,341 338 124,634 163 2 95,012 54 137,921 205 10 488,370 864 53 172,811 84 278,099 454 186,254 190 226,121 N 248 11 9 684,111 612 173 94 285,027 305 39 160,644 254 146,524 233 75,917 180 124,978 311 74,524 100 31,478 45 21 202,693 143 138,276 159 405,327 221 259,730 401 33 158,903 113,788 184 328,853 503 64 115,950 240 37 132,059 269 328,665 200 740,312 425 243,468 211 197,065 65 104,499 506 25 132,043 220 171,477 286 234,122 403 8 37 252,550 95 205,490 230 220,626 254 145,820 160 74,479 201,977 223 133,531 107 74 204,565 213 261,610 540 213,319 233 Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) 851 62 572 63 980 64 583 65 1,253 66 2,084 67 885 68 797 69 676 70 647 71 339 72 1,290 73 386 74 348 75 651 76 390 77 810 78 432 79 387 80 727 81 2,173 82 346 83 921 84 589 85 543 86 2,092 87 1,235 88 584 89 597 90 280 91 672 92 325 93 221 94 582 95 555 96 1,512 97 1,051 98 1,245 99 325 100 1,247 101 400 102 464 103 1,089 104 2,144 105 1,153 106 400 107 532 108 682 109 688 110 816 111 1,339 112 1,256 113 932 114 410 115 295 116 1,675 117 383 118 725 119 1,374 120 1,218 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 14S 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 16s 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities of io.ooo- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges Sterling: District No. 10s . 38,841 52,478 4,686 4,490 16,280 28,523 4,023 1,599 750 10 District No. 11 . . 40,550 6,451 237 Streator . . . . 257,072 175,811 42,639 18,445 2,639 1,258 Urbana _ _ 171,225 6,500 127,260 26,000 6,000 1,500 3,965 West Frankfort _ _ _ 75,800 3,970 65,410 5,670 500 250 Wilmette . . . . 226,561 13,083 152,475 35,440 14,068 8,143 3,352 Winnetka . 308,652 19,687 221,581 35,983 10,454 17,827 3,120 Indiana Bedford . . . . . . 167,122 6,112 132,617 21,560 4,424 2,255 154 Bloomington . . 263,872 9,259 205,407 33,133 9,833 2,195 4,045 Columbus. . . . 165,045 8,003 118,674 24,462 3,543 6,235 4,128 Conners ville . . 167,758 7,013 121,243 24,557 8,239 2,710 3,996 Crawfordsville . . 174,636 8,462 128,131 22,847 8,980 2,773 3,443 El wood.. _ _ 130,157 5,743 97,057 18,448 5,858 1,379 1,672 Frankfort.. . . . 240,104 7,045 177,481 29,783 5,365 9,986 10,444 Goshen. . . . 146,586 6,212 108,554 24,713 2,620 3,517 970 Huntington _ _ 209,478 8,184 148,709 28,368 8,643 13,106 2,468 Jeffersonville . . . . 133,729 5,883 106,062 16,360 3,688 589 1,147 La Fayette _ _ _ 378,338 13,340 285,608 53,906 21,637 3,487 360 La Porte... . . 266,679 10,566 203,683 41,919 5,459 1,676 3,376 Logansport . . . 288,237 12,208 208,455 38,148 14,897 5,445 9,084 Marion. . 356,974 11,788 275,812 42,734 9,943 1,206 15,491 Michigan City _ _ 342,716 12,336 258,572 50,038 8,638 8,390 4,742 Mishawaka. . . . . 424,150 13,460 336,751 57,271 8,972 2,943 4,753 New Albany . . 250,677 9,670 188,445 31,364 14,129 220 6,849 Newcastle . . . 222,981 8,454 165,800 27,792 10,611 1,080 9,244 Peru _ _ _ _ 221,530 10,050 158,488 30,118 6,901 10,249 5,724 Shelbyville _ _ 157,799 8,154 113,790 21,011 6,107 3,177 5,560 Vincennes . . . 249,233 11,421 175,340 26,788 13,060 15,052 7,572 Whiting . . . . . 234,601 12,966 159,098 43,031 6,249 3,344 9,913 Iowa Ames _ _ _ 198,294 8,166 140,842 30,703 10,154 5,990 2,439 Boone - - - ... 176,803 4,740 133,277 27,549 6,462 1,859 2,916 Burlington... . . . . . 439,945 11,538 325,258 64,067 26,660 10,275 2,147 Clinton: City District . . 290,130 11,409 222,740 42,944 8,395 2,173 2,469 Lyons District _ 72,845 6,869 48,596 9,288 5,995 1,302 795 Fort Dodge . . 317,494 8,570 226,622 59,295 16,873 3,874 2,260 Fort Madison _ _ 127,114 6,425 95,009 17,545 5,397 2,338 400 Iowa City _ 215,970 11,661 152,905 36,148 10,476 2,009 2,771 Keokuk . . 212,135 10,794 153,885 25,858 12,868 7,468 1,262 Marshalltown _ _ _ 255,570 11,475 186,450 37,688 14,705 3,289 1,963 Mason City... . . . . 435,183 14,788 317,560 59,496 29,946 9,442 3,951 Muscatine5 . . 218,964 9,064 171,636 24,346 8,392 4,190 1,336 Newton _ _ _ _ 196,925 7,383 148,782 24,760 8,471 3,480 4,049 Oskaloosa _ _ 157,389 6,528 123,111 18,507 5,676 1,997 1,570 Kansas Arkansas City.. _ _ 224,262 153,315 6,495 7,943 187,261 110,205 26,102 21,548 4,404 3,486 Atchison _ _ 4,801 5,332 Chanute _ 167,092 7,050 126,221 22,092 1,680 8,370 1,679 Coffey ville . . . 274,578 163,182 10,300 5,506 217,613 125,809 33,660 19,013 9,999 5,636 3,006 6,426 Eldorado _ 792 Emporia. . . 221,296 7,772 172,107 27,659 6,815 5,662 1,281 Fort Scott. .. _ 145,131 170,824 5,888 9,825 106,197 126,304 14,948 23,254 6,056 7,995 12,042 Independence5 _ 1,112 2,334 Lawrence _ 253,131 10,889 185,812 35,128 12,761 6,525 2,016 Leavenworth _ _ 176,063 6,765 137,124 23,970 4,875 1,960 1,369 Manhattan _ _ 170,405 8,574 132,762 18,933 6,552 2,492 1,092 Newton _ 194,601 7,055 153,235 20,854 7,302 5,167 988 Ottawa.. _ _ 150,945 8,364 120,471 18,017 409 3,068 616 Parsons _ _ 175,826 9,568 139,240 19,925 5,132 450 1,511 Pittsburg. . . . 228,657 330,7251 8,436 176,817 30,042 9,200 2,673 1,489 Salina . 9,026 262,438 37,376 9,235 3,431 9,219 footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 85 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 2,430 6,140 52 47,463 51 195 122 400 8,000 1,000 61,878 8 280 123 14,864 8,972 280,908 368 1,270 124 18,000 21,000 14,000 224,225 297 17 1,075 125 4,815 6,400 106,000 193,015 89 10 318 126 14,699 24,081 10,481 275,822 308 1,012 127 24,186 45,000 190,615 568,453 622 1,885 128 5,011 33,721 9,860 215,714 92 607 129 5,734 47,500 6,131 323,237 124 1 1,638 130 2,683 13,000 2,081 182,809 50 749 131 3,194 17,500 5,101 193,553 50 1,248 132 528 5,478 13,000 155,016 348,658 135 786 133 1,518 4,867 136,542 65 765 134 795 8,073 15,000 263,972 202 7 1,187 135 6,950 27,000 797 181,333 170 820 136 75 502 8,185 35,000 16,720 269,960 169 1,078 137 4,553 12,474 2,922 153,678 117 10 5 544 138 9,765 19,000 3,656 410,759 203 2,064 139 696 9,113 29,500 19,799 325,787 221 1,301 140 7,014 134,813 430,064 215 1,255 141 10,620 35,000 38,557 441,151 310 44 1,280 142 684 8,829 29,500 381,729 346 2 1,594 143 739 10,965 54,000 15,750 505,604 231 2,755 144 11,475 17,900 174,156 454,208 303 1,169 145 7,747 19,760 933 251,421 195 14 834 146 6,774 22,500 75,148 325,952 176 1,059 147 7,458 19,000 70,148 254,405 162 683 148 12,273 20,117 10,136 291,759 270 18 949 149 *1,532 *1,602 7,380 82,620 6,579 334,314 123 3 1,083 150 9,813 37,614 129,651 375,372 276 1,320 151 5,730 20,000 11,390 213,923 268 725 152 400 1,533 25,991 55,000 25,998 548,867 535 97 19 1,868 153 501 28,195 90,000 5,427 414,253 452 1,692 154 2,416 3,000 306 78,567 52 248 155 618 23,845 60,000 53,737 455,694 683 2,150 156 800 400 7,975 22,000 6,440 164,729 149 1,104 157 “17,336 “10,000 22,625 265.931 380 10 1,257 158 7,975 22,000 725 242.835 197 1,007 159 7132 14,046 40,468 3,639 313,855 319 50 1,009 160 25,782 36,666 478,106 975,737 897 2,250 161 8,179 13,260 90,353 330,756 455 600 162 7,933 25,000 7,310 237,168 202 612 163 5,776 15,005 9,933 188,103 167 500 164 7,703 22,000 18,063 272,028 184 1,006 165 810 891 10,432 32,041 4,376 201,865 272 924 166 10,005 23,000 10,049 210,146 268 1,494 107 460 13,865 55,000 1,607 345,510 257 30 2,000 168 4,096 170,000 4,678 341,956 154 1,085 169 15,611 30,000 4,074 270,981 314 1,077 170 7,440 21,500 169,372 343,443 189 760 171 483 10,490 49,000 230,797 172 12 1,224 172 400 290 15,042 33,000 301,863 301 1,314 173 15,417 29,000 1,446 221,926 323 900 174 1,683 2,023 8,370 32,000 5,700 220,181 158 636 175 1,081 5,900 22,000 18,538 242,120 256 1,176 176 527 10,100 29,000 6,368 196,940 255 20 577 177 7,159 35,000 6,778 224,763 116 1,402 178 14,674 39,686 16,296 299,313 380 1,092 179 20,517 7,593 358,835 508 1,002 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 .193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges Kentucky Ashland _ _ . _ 325,664 8,833 275,199 28,584 3,780 6,279 2,989 Bowling Green _ _ 122,466 6,543 90,610 10,181 8,905 2,198 4,029 Fort Thomas.. . . .. 145,793 8,935 108,690 16,664 5,256 5,426 822 Frankfort _ _ _ ... 101,199 6,351 68,840 14,524 6,214 1,793 3,477 156,930 5,946 120,833 17,251 8,020 4,880 Hopkinsville _ _ _ _ _ 121,464 4,892 93,674 12,295 4,044 1,321 5,238 Middles boro . 110,315 8,085 84,119 9,602 3,718 2,586 2,205 Louisiana Bogalusa . . . . 153,268 5,532 126,072 10,351 5,800 2,198 3,315 Lake Charles... . . 131,810 8,085 102,077 10,141 3,024 2,594 5,889 Monroe _ _ 152,223 6,382 119,602 11,276 12,231 1,065 1,667 Maine Auburn . . . . 213,124 10,461 140,804 24,730 6,712 27,180 3,237 Augusta . . . . 188,475 6,544 141,270 22,778 5,580 7,887 4,416 Bangor _ _ _ 362,370 10,243 286,149 44,306 10,810 5,462 5,400 Bath . . 97,530 4,195 63,531 14,467 2,694 12,643 Biddeford _ 126,758 4,221 66,291 15,761 1,172 37,868 1,445 123,708 4,222 91,327 15,600 4,467 8,092 South Portland . . . 238J85 4,670 188,631 35,651 4,961 2,495 2,377 Waterville . . . 142,881 5,390 108,726 16,235 6,972 5,346 212 Westbrook . 128,820 1,700 102,572 14,884 3,416 4,218 2,030 Massachusetts Adams _ _ _ 136,271 6,715 100,455 19,499 4,127 5,475 Amesbury _ 117,980 5,512 88,266 15,048 2,318 4,760 2,076 Andover.. . . . . 174,574 5,127 123,804 26,252 2,618 16,773 Athol _ 137,254 6,801 112,675 3,399 2,926 11,453 Attleboro _ _ 315,741 11,496 244,794 32,764 7,504 15,243 3,940 Belmont.. . . . 516,481 17,314 403,897 50,688 18,622 20,420 5,540 Beverly . . . . . 486,896 14,181 373,777 68,269 12,692 11,388 6,589 Braintree _ 332,148 7,999 264,468 30,273 17,011 12,397 Clinton . . . . _ 135,619 6,124 98,037 20,771 5,460 5,227 Danvers . . . . 187,308 5,371 148,226 23,367 3,294 4,053 2,997 Dedham. . 323,025 9,691 248,529 38,914 15,975 9,916 Easthampton . . . 116,604 5,246 82,732 15,903 3,057 9,666 Fairhaven.. _ _ _ 166,089 4,991 124,396 23,664 5,027 8,011 Framingham.. ... _ . .. . 366,872 7,403 296,480 44,403 2,589 14,717 1,280 Gardner _ 213,225 7,454 167,141 25,408 3,558 9,664 Gloucester. 352,670 10,618 266,174 45,472 12,071 18,335 Greenfield... _ _ _ 290,620 8,434 224,458 39,173 10,244 8,311 Leominster _ _ 285,269 10,033 211,475 44,879' 7,311 11,571 Lexington _ 220,470 6,892 168,251 30,313 5,182 9,832 Marblehead 172,169 6,410 124,384 27,794 10,001 3,580 Marlboro . . . . 180,265 8,400 130,520 20,864 5,026 15,455 Melrose _ _ _ 405,246 9,602 318,304 47,011 24,406 5,632 291 Methuen _ _ . _ 295,402 8,546 222,727 38,639 7,136 18,354 Milford . . 212,689 6,012 161,860 26,415 4,291 12,768 1,343 Milton . . . . . 378,728 11,701 298,638 43,297 11,130 13,356 606 Natick.. . . . r__ 231,543 6,749 170,778 28,963 5,294 16,866 2,893 Needham _ _ _ _ 245,639 6,950 184,590 21,208 19,000 13,891 Newburyport . . . 174,754 6,804 137,779 21,920 4,097 4,154 North Adams. . 278,776 9,802 217,412 30,595 5,463 9,413 6,091 Northampton. . . . 286,406 8,962 225,981 32,377 6,383 11,033 1,670 North Attleboro . . 103,320 5,081 84,779 1,868 2,340 7,993 • 1,259 Northbridge . . 139,924 6,261 102,127 16,001 4,370 11,165 Norwood _ 311,909 7,969 239,040 38,132 7,374 19,394 Peabody _ 338,118 7,250 267,008 46,142 4,200 13,518 Plymouth _ 210,505 7,477 151,323 18,828 7,474 25,403 Reading _ 233,658 10,781 175,585 29,824 5,389 12,079 Saugus . _ 216,831 6,068 167,778 24,735 6,182 12,068 Southbridge.. . . 193,856 6,604 148,503 23,765 4,792 10,192 Stoneham _ _ 160,074 5,852 128,581 19,545 1,581 4,515 Swampscott.. _ _ 198,796 7,061 155,088 26,912 5,177 4,558 Wakefield . . . 254,355 10,445 220,469 6,200 13,068 4,173 Webster. _ _ 130,557 5,113 102,307 14,645 2,429 6,063 Wellesley . 319,944 11,193 245,589 37,549 10,472 12,818 2,323 Westfield . 290,658 9,584 215,196 41,555 3,375 18,236 2,712 at end of table.) City School Systems 87 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 52,546 19,500 3,097 400,807 651 1,935 4,700 7,004 5,295 139,465 100 12 680 525 9,570 5,500 6,460 167,848 127 83 35 832 '910 8,000 110,109 22 11 619 12,983 1,000 170,913 25 628 788 2,552 15,546 140,350 28 623 108,250 i°2,44i 2,175 123,181 150 15 22 625 999 58,214 6,953 219,434 16 409 16,443 51,111 199,364 128 652 30,332 24,000 14,665 221,220 565 51 1,475 18,505 31,815 10,046 , 273,490 436 20 841 652 5,331 9,000 203,458 102 39 736 3,625 3,710 10,000 379,705 110 1,324 6,375 103,905 150 620 1,500 10,000 138,258 20 642 480 30,340 18,000 172,528 107 480 17,398 27,175 4,844 288,202 467 981 2,750 145,631 63 793 1,667 7,000 137,487 56 483 10,671 146,942 1,026 327 118,307 355 54 7,769 33,000 126 215,523 300 944 270 3,690 42,590 982 184,786 144 852 9,240 3,071 6,590 21,000 25,119 380,761 181 1,662 13,201 151,000 4,621 685,303 407 138 2,272 10,713 5,713 13,423 69,000 630 586,375 257 2,244 6,295 56,000 500 394,943 148 1,662 683 47 136,349 599 180 11,460 29,000 287 228,235 272 800 2,760 5,517 55,000 386,302 37 1,347 1,540 4,000 59,443 181,587 69 476 411 4,299 16,460 187,259 106 1,294 2,793 7,000 910 377,575 106 2,272 5,100 5,278 38,500 1,295 263,398 67 1,236 806 11,500 45,000 105 410,081 557 927 497 1,575 25,000 2,285 319,977 53 1,332 1,126 5,553 35,000 2,095 329,043 77 1,041 101,045 545 222,060 29 1,275 4,333 21,000 1,619 199,121 177 832 3,660 17,000 200,925 100 815 525,163 586,500 908 517,817 441 87 2,291 3,798 5,913 31,500 280 336,893 121 1,154 4,195 11,000 810 228,694 136 11 957 12,740 50,000 1,585 443,053 360 2,334 3,691 26,700 901 262,835 38 71 967 14,063 55,000 2,110 316,812 304 1,600 7,621 33,000 92 215,467 281 818 11,225 2,200 2,895 12,225 178,454 485,775 135 1,362 380 4,642 28,000 319,428 421 26 1,800 855 104,175 508 103,098 2,653 145,675 89 553 3 021 6,880 54,000 427 376,237 127 1,791 3,381 8,410 56,000 405,909 153 1,565 2,039 3,000 13,000 718 229,262 137 797 910 114,039 348,607 104 927 »376 217,207 937 14 2,032 6,576 202,478 936 813 5,560 33,000 114 199,561 190 599 511,191 537,000 246,987 279 958 3,570 56,000 1,189 315,114 102 1,298 1,145 246 119 132,067 911 1,750 2,078 15,990 102,990 3,573 446,325 629 2,065 13,500 118,750 422,908 136 41 1,292 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 88 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— CITIES OF io.ooo- City Current expense, full-time day schools Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 244 West Springfield . . . 311,390 10,964 233,563 47,970 9,647 9,246 245 Weymouth _ ... _ .. 404,096 10,077 298,500 50,491 21,567 23,444 17 246 281,404 12,404 223,971 29,407 8,833 6,789 247 Winthrop _ 276^808 7,172 225,501 31,920 4,799 4,325 3,091 248 259,444 8,027 203,988 39,398 3,326 4,705 Michigan 249 Adrian . . . . 265,777 8,149 190,417 38,286 24,901 1,584 2,440 250 Alpena. . . . . 187,295 9,646 142,050 22,197 3,684 7,495 2,223 251 Ann Arbor.. . . . . 579,144 21,411 394,771 70,588 28,047 61,970 2,357 252 Benton Harbor . . 282,902 11,733 219,664 32,030 10,511 6,786 2,178 253 Birmingham - - 250,113 9,264 177,535 44,702 10,315 6,582 1,715 254 161,101 9,775 114,087 31,906 2,327 3,006 255 Ecorse _ . . . . 249^665 11,610 182,192 35,525 11,970 7,057 ' 1,311 256 Escanaba _ _ 222,746 8,806 167,537 34,635 4,434 4,281 3,053 257 Ferndale . . 450,062 17,660 337,578 67,321 9,388 14,674 3,441 258 Grosse Pointe (township) _ 723,328 37,746 506,348 115,450 22,228 36,229 5,327 259 Holland - - 284,268 9,836 224,631 31,059 11,667 6,237 838 260 Iron Mountain . . _ 178,071 9,513 120,965 26,330 10,491 8,961 1,811 261 Ironwood _ _ _ _ 226,318 11,816 154,882 38,787 11,183 7,977 1,673 262 Lincoln Park. . . 255,177 12,506 182,337 45,180 4,185 9,520 1,449 263 Marquette _ _ _ _ 195,153 11,297 133,512 28,813 8,603 11,526 1,402 264 Menominee . . 159,064 6,715 120,943 25,903 3,589 1,508 406 265 Midland... . . 248,937 6,826 182,692 38,715 13,021 6,453 1,230 266 Monroe . . . . 342,135 13,533 238,478 51,194 5,971 27,443 5,516 267 Mount Clemens.. _ _ 271,156 13,789 191,992 42,133 8,036 12,734 2,472 268 Muskegon Heights . . 280,310 10,167 213,187 37,060 11,448 5,924 2,524 269 Niles _ _ . .. 212,057 9,685 152,273 29,627 13,503 4,233 2,736 270 Owosso . . . . 237,921 10,855 172,649 43,358 6,504 2,601 1,954 271 River Rouge.. _ _ _ 334,233 16,409 243,595 48,687 12,537 12,709 296 272 Royal Oak _ ... 510,411 17,922 389,669 67,903 17,851 14,268 2,798 273 Saint Clair Shores18 . . . 57,592 5,448 38,523 9,171 193 1,693 2,564 274 Sault Ste. Marie . . . 257,588 9,015 192,775 39,201 9,951 3,313 3,333 275 Traverse City . ... 209,992 8,810 152,944 29,044 6,800 8,829 3,565 276 Ypsilanti . . . . 208,702 7,312 144,938 36,966 13,062 4,357 2,067 Minnesota 277 Albert Lea _ _ _ 230,903 7,949 180,912 34,609 3,899 1,881 1,653 27S Austin . . . . 286,194 12,131 219,899 40,122 6,066 6,411 1,565 279 Brainerd - - - .. 218,748 9,774 151,948 45,543 5,563 2,216 3,704 280 Faribault . . 155,047 7,405 115,093 22,013 6,461 1,960 2,115 281 Fergus Falls . . 148,232 8,218 104,688 21,194 7,553 4,315 2,264 282 Hibbing. . . . 1,013,727 44,997 540,772 189,108 102,289 122,505 14,056 283 Mankato . . .. 215,426 8,636 162,964 32,785 7,285 2,208 1,548 284 Rochester _ _ _ 357,379 12,353 276,310 47,856 10,670 10,190 285 St. Cloud _ _ , _ 329,031 13,082 237,189 53,860 9,479 14,287 1,134 286 South St. Paul . . . . . 226,398 7,719 170,064 38,975 3,358 5,805 477 287 Virginia . . ...... .. 819,837 46,805 469,651 161,492 27,753 109,767 4,369 288 Winona . . . . 260,939 12,138 197,037 42,578 3,904 4,069 1,213 Mississippi 289 Biloxi _ _ _ 99,909 4,025 76,342 10,622 3,085 368 5,467 290 Clarksdale19 _ 99,685 9,580 72,632 5,751 9,166 2,556 291 Columbus _ . 116,255 10,342 86,082 8,916 1,843 7,223 1,849 292 Greenville _ 141,920 6,887 117,076 12,287 5,537 133 293 Greenwood _ _ .. 112,080 5,600 93,675 6,140 3,800 1,000 1,865 294 Gulfport _ _ _ 107,136 7,400 84,502 5,560 3,550 1,900 4,224 295 Hattiesburg _ .. 152,543 8,931 127,027 7,943 5,440 827 2,375 296 Laurel 156,098 7,952 125,273 17,373 2,500 3,000 297 Natchez . . 91,360 8,121 70,806 7,056 4,601 776 298 Vicksburg _ 123,774 9,924 99,399 11,346 2,605 500 Missouri 299 Cape Girardeau _ _ _ 177,381 6,114 143,012 16,390 6,713 3,613 1,539 300 Carthage . . 128,870 5,108 93,426 13,624 6,169 9,048 1,495 301 Clayton _ _ 334,361 17,539 246,125 50,914 9,524 7,885 2,374 802 Columbia.. _ _ 194,233 9,409 147,025 25,133 4,401 6,055 2,210 303 Hannibal _ _ _ _ 205,994 6,956 158,431 27,229 9,412 3,123 843 304 Independence . . 232,210 9,000 177,020 32,365 872 12,863 90 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 89 funds, and value of school property , by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion Debt service (Current funds only) Summer schools Interest All other debt Capital outlay 1,400 433 762 107,01r 16,700 12,236 2,480 56,000 58,000 17,000 1,594 96,706 9,509 4,013 3,914 1,475 5288 63 160 817 450 (4) 5,345 70,000 326,552 9,572 10,000 4,584 33,146 100,999 18,908 13,950 30,000 11,252 37,617 2,122 2,375 25,000 40,622 100,682 116,160 16,575 12,000 560 61,954 15,301 4,339 157,655 204,716 504,393 19,296 18,000 2,572 1,688 12,500 1,136 12,320 36,267 1,351 64,734 22,770 4,482 16,380 10,000 2,771 1,497 5,000 239 8,318 90,000 11,604 20,103 29,000 11,443 28,012 38,000 3,062 39,053 39,435 15,052 5,941 24,000 1,101 8,289 28,037 3,292 49,416 107,195 7,416 70,180 110,209 16,717 11,649 6,968 9,440 17,000 5,990 15,160 13,000 9,324 15,120 31,000 3,302 8,858 27,000 8,938 58,000 7,271 . . 590 210 1,533 2,695 1,689 7,395 2,960 7,000 1,549 29,500 25,500 616,224 16,633 40,000 9,181 17,500 12,570 48,763 7,740 38,000 357 646 4,275 21 75,034 668,910 24,197 252,699 1,560 33,923 5,407 16,702 13,874 12,740 20,992 9,106 12,100 17,400 5^300 3,350 796 7,175 18,000 11,502 22,424 268 18,000 787 207,092 2013,000 13,859 24,000 12,366 30,303 4,147 5,360 13,000 11,965 36,593 65,778 3,922 23,369 38,000 5,950 23,950 38,000 10,098 21,481 25,000 49,622 6,732 Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 321,399 230 1,276 244 573,502 428 2,352 245 361,582 349 1,661 246 301,063 82 1,244 247 259,444 1,640 248 667,674 204 1,458 249 211,451 197 500 250 737,586 740 3,188 251 338,104 295 950 252 289,852 1,066 47 1,931 253 188,476 50 35 630 254 507,417 895 95 1,312 255 251,881 350 1,241 256 531,656 1,494 138 69 2,770 257 1,590,092 3,799 937 5,873 258 324,136 380 21 1,050 259 193,395 28 1,387 260 276,256 339 1 2,134 261 347,163 2,331 159 201 1,915 262 224,367 355 15 664 263 165,800 30 700 264 358,859 357 1,329 265 402,681 434 2,190 266 340,230 547 1,500 267 373,850 781 1,587 268 243,099 150 932 269 277,539 349 1,050 270 498,420 1,218 1 253 2,194 271 707,517 2,401 15 212 3,562 272 76,209 360 13 411 273 291,285 183 990 274 247,476 278 13 12 1,012 275 258,124 306 970 276 341,795 460 2,000 277 1,022,042 825 4 2,412 278 250,216 410 1,595 279 418,296 166 1,082 280 180,841 218 787 281 1,689,374 500 3,403 282 279,209 383 1,310 283 400,762 520 1,589 284 406,933 356 98 1,048 285 286,567 134 1,540 286 848,224 3,205 287 275,344 85 150 2,265 288 106,641 740 289 117,796 153 608 290 151,055 257 900 291 146,066 67 765 292 137,255 96 18 500 293 141,062 7325 7608 294 171,598 125 900 295 156,098 5749 296 111,452 H45 5335 297 161,633 250 850 298 224,197 270 825 299 159,195 142 863 300 440,654 883 44 1,330 301 261,552 494 1,123 302 278,042 473 1,043 303 328,313 579 25| 820 304 90 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities of 10,000- City Current expense, full-time day schools Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 305 Jefferson City . _ 228,819 9,760 181,383 27,527 2,879 5,345 1,925 306 Kirksville. . . . 124,060 5,117 92,179 13,044 3,575 9,765 380 307 Kirkwood . . . 273,408 10,921 194,495 31,453 18,558 13,836 4,145 308 Maplewood . . . 329,234 12,652 241,337 45,123 13,357 14,293 2,472 309 Moberly. . . . 142,406 6,516 107,190 19,932 5,526 2,323 919 310 Overland... . . . .. 228,193 11,646 165,067 32,422 5,706 9,192 4,160 311 Poplar Bluff _ 116,841 4,481 87,322 13,139 6,192 5,145 562 312 St. Charles . 100,286 6,087 64,962 13,005 3,247 10,630 2,355 313 Sedalia . . . 240,575 10,585 187,752 27,275 5,998 6,411 2,554 314 Webster Groves . . 424,745 25,458 318,556 47,222 14,285 15,099 4,125 Montana 315 Anaconda . . . 192,204 10,809 135,125 28,339 5,664 8,716 3,551 316 Billings . . . . 402,074 15,354 305,533 47,833 12,328 11,857 9,169 317 Great Falls5.. . . . 577,967 16,693 421,828 72,617 31,238 31,008 4,583 318 Helena . . . . . 226,197 13,904 161,348 38,432 4,127 5,280 3,106 319 Missoula . . . 189,492 10,113 137,730 27,215 3,045 3,189 8,200 Nebraska 320 Beatrice . . . . 172,060 7,346 132,490 20,297 4,387 4,407 3,133 321 Fremont . . . 155,281 5,629 122,079 21,855 3,684 1,296 738 322 Grand Island . . 273,399 12,009 214,599 31,864 9,747 2,592 2,588 323 Hastings . . . 207,955 6,012 166,237 22,087 7,259 5,485 875 324 Norfolk . . . 146,939 7,336 103,013 24,438 4,099 2,866 5,187 325 North Platte . . 169,109 7,268 125,737 28,081 4,614 2,113 1,296 326 Scottsbluff5 . 160,124 9,178 117,618 20,403 3,843 7,497 1,585 Nevada 327 Reno8 . 331,935 6,849 238,535 49,695 27,383 9,473 New Hampshire 328 Berlin _ _ _ _ 171,456 5,115 124,790 22,329 5,687 9,234 4,301 329 Claremont. . . 139,333 4,549 97,540 13,020 3,418 14,094 6,712 330 Concord . . 350,346 10,007 234,166 41,371 9,796 36,341 18,665 331 Dover . . 141,181 5,464 99,664 19,160 11,357 5,536 332 Keene . . . 207,406 4,370 129,954 22,329 8,626 35,806 6,321 333 Laconia . . . . 131,172 5,170 102,499 16,622 2,876 4,005 334 Portsmouth . . . . 237,749 5,948 183,998 26,457 4,619 10,670 6,057 335 Rochester . . . . 134,837 4,629 91,700 19,470 14,201 4,837 New Jersey 336 AsburyPark _ _ ... 369,801 15,943 288,711 37,809 15,343 9,157 2,838 337 Belleville . . . 519,883 19,026 395,111 56,753 27,988 18,098 2,907 338 Bergenfield _ _ _ 210,630 9,303 97,868 24,728 10,758 67,205 768 339 Bridgeton. . . 246,362 6,384 199,884 25,882 7,475 5,819 918 340 Burlington _ _ 212,868 11,069 166,022 22,347 6,091 4,887 2,452 341 Carteret _ _ _ *270,343 5,200 210,218 33,228 2,535 15,230 3,932 342 CliffsidePark . . 344,372 12,078 259,306 47,686 12,882 9,806 2,614 343 Collingswood. . . 277,287 10,372 213,339 32,820 11,691 5,642 3,423 344 Cranford _ _ 279,271 12,523 212,536 36,164 9,866 6,412 1,770 345 Dover . . . _ .. 229,650 9,098 169,276 31,993 11,615 5,657 2,011 346 Englewood... . . 544,843 18,782 404,973 71,871 24,847 20,286 4,084 347 Garfield - - - 412,831 10,642 335,638 44,026 12,187 9,360 978 348 Gloucester City . . . 173,320 8,608 125,375 23,929 5,490 7,584 2,334 349 Hackensack . . . 591,873 57,649 475,953 564,328 523,235 815,288 55,420 350 Harrison . . _ 278,880 16,853 195,681 38,007 13,434 12,978 1,927 351 Hawthorne _ . _ 248,951 8,659 186,495 30,339 10,651 10,366 2,441 352 Hillside (P.O., Elizabeth). . . 357,267 9,885 285,354 39,502 10,102 9,670 2,754 353 Linden _ _ _ 579,855 16,036 436,586 74,860 24,826 25,348 2,199 354 Lodi _ 298,573 10,730 225,237 41,999 7,031 11,917 1,659 355 Long Branch. . . . . 371,421 11,781 288,162 43,933 13,227 10,308 4,010 356 Lyndhurst . . . __ 382,911 12,410 304,687 40,825 10,470 11,105 3,414 357 Millburn _ _ 315,856 14,145 232,518 37,728 13,273 15,971 2,221 358 Millville _ _ 209,318 8,154 150,814 24,928 5,558 18,256 1,608 359 Morristown _ _ 371,118 18,421 272,982 45,614 17,830 12,667 3,604 360 . Neptune (P.O., Ocean Grove)... 304,516 12,450 215,176 36,950 18,356 18,703 2,881 361 North Plainfield (P.O., Plainfield) 227,273 11,118 176,789 27,395 5,778 6,193 3*; 2 Nutley . . . . 484,793 15,915 388,655 53,361 13,192 11,238 2,432 363 Pennsauken(P.O.,Merchantville) 303,7531 10,5651 153,610 35,195 8,681 93,567 2,135 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 91 funds, and value of school property, by city, 193940 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools 2,314 Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion 7113 230 1,320 850 210 53~500 schools 440 525 1,750 570 Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 24,704 46,045 221,103 522,985 555 15 1,385 30f 10,125 25,000 8,177 167,362 225 606 30€ 14,635 26,000 17,226 331,269 381 1,274 307 26,077 17,021 7,340 379,672 565 1,278 308 1L325 25^000 106,502 291,233 360 796 309 18,270 26,000 36,175 308,638 401 1,119 310 9,031 12,000 2,478 140,350 225 530 311 8,667 19,089 6,778 134,820 225 545 312 12;051 52^065 2,542 307,233 217 951 313 29,428 75,000 14,592 543,765 606 12 2,351 314 5,314 9,888 9,117 216,523 101 442 315 29,936 85,000 12,075 529,085 896 33 1,900 316 27,831 253,218 4,921 863,937 798 2,694 317 19,358 66,035 3,765 315,355 498 1,526 318 7,331 20,000 15,206 232,029 197 1,091 319 15,807 20,693 2,999 211,559 288 16 569 320 4,600 16,000 111,845 287,726 176 35 613 321 5,579 25,000 7,890 311,868 73 7 1,123 322 17,303 49,000 3,756 278,454 396 1,400 323 16,480 800 4,392 168,611 366 11 752 324 21,178 21,297 14,820 226,404 469 922 325 28,337 53,055 5,861 247,377 632 61 740 326 14,000 32,000 39,968 417,903 164 5 1,535 327 10,640 49,000 297 231,393 208 972 328 9,528 27,604 28,049 204,514 204 825 329 19,461 27,000 11,231 408,038 457 1 2,214 330 4,080 12,000 157,374 72 795 331 5,783 14,000 244,210 471,629 314 813 332 4,011 17,000 781 154,284 83 12 790 333 9,182 20,000 26,582 293,513 214 963 334 780 10,000 2,284 147,901 16 1,148 335 fi55,757 *10,654 2,411 438,623 *1,556 *224 2,410 336 59,713 61,175 640,771 1,227 75 2,768 337 17,595 20,500 91,009 339,734 701 910 338 22,878 31,000 14,545 315,310 555 11 1,088 339 5,396 16,284 7,121 241,669 141 14 970 340 31,503 35,000 184,839 522,535 641 9 1,216 341 49,078 37,576 431,026 1,052 75 1,642 342 21,472 27,500 328,140 443 1,566 343 46,273 41,696 367,240 1,050 59 2,231 344 16,356 24,111 9,346 279,463 402 933 345 87,207 67,991 26,477 726,728 1,690 151 2,681 346 39,613 35,816 488,260 671 71 1,723 347 380 2,000 2,150 177,850 8 770 348 *47,455 *81,241 727,929 *938 *128 *3,051 349 6,830 17,000 302,710 130 227 350 35,998 32,000 2,705 319,654 832 1,428 351 47,692 66,840 48,863 522,412 1,091 59 2,480 352 93,244 80,430 4,444 757,973 1,953 49 3,365 353 25,316 30,000 353,889 557 6 1,287 354 41,900 52,082 1,195 466,598 859 180 1,637 355 24,570 31,000 438,481 477 1,021 356 47,592 73,427 23,925 461,370 1,141 7 2,278 357 18,900 33,000 34,771 295,989 363 789 358 37,646 39,000 2,051 449,815 850 1,930 359 21,991 35,864 1,883 364,254 443 16 925 360 18,470 17,000 2,242 264,985 443 1,107 361 73,313 96,357 2,488 656,951 1,538 84 2.67C 362 41,030 39,761 1,531 386,075 832 7 1,782 363 92 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities OF 10,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 364 Phillipsburg. . . 298,250 10,535 245,831 29,969 6,071 3,900 1,944 365 Pleasantville . 248,860 10,583 180,750 28,135 18,154 9,558 1,680 366 Rahway. . 317,609 13,937 249,742 32,324 6,654 11,267 3,685 367 Red Bank . . .. 277,001 15,076 206,162 28,709 14,040 11,036 1,978 368 Ridgefield Park . 253,597 10,199 192,193 37,661 9,699 1,860 1,985 369 Ridgewood-. . . . . 455,622 20,262 335,753 65,040 21,876 8,658 4,033 370 Roselle - - - - - 292,830 10,334 221,153 36,665 12,376 10,054 2,248 371 Rutherford . . 331,217 14,511 252,498 40,006 9,267 11,229 3,706 372 South River... . . 188,476 58,345 138,165 *21,779 *10,459 *8,093 *1,635 373 Summit _ _ _ 417,925 16,682 328,672 45,459 14,158 9,804 3,150 374 Teaneck . . . . 531,460 21,117 404,753 65,311 21,523 14,372 4,384 375 Union . . . . 405,460 21,518 286,705 49,896 30,128 14,095 3,118 376 Vineland _ _ 335,360 13,701 243,430 35,297 15,905 23,466 3,561 377 Weehawken5 _ _ _ _ 289,757 11,888 220,322 31,932 8,905 16,375 335 378 Westfield . . . ._ 490,332 19,456 363,144 57,611 27,828 18,464 3,829 379 West Orange _ _ _ _ 643,970 20,851 486,741 76,277 27,330 27,393 5,378 380 Woodbridge . . . New Mexico 492,499 14,938 364,629 54,595 20,089 34,386 3,862 381 143,352 6,075 5,500 7,078 7,313 112,880 92,734 9,283 9,457 (21) 2216,493 5,657 10,500 2,909 4,376 382 Hobbs _ 120J34 181,600 166,383 12,000 14,306 22,475 383 140,814 119,634 384 Santa Fe . . . . New York 9,702 2,883 385 Batavia . . . . . 388,863 15,207 282,321 20,815 12,520 25,022 32,978 386 Beacon _ _ _ 222,929 9,006 164,103 22,513 6,431 8,401 12,475 387 Cohoes . . Coming: 230,977 11,065 165,059 26,115 4,894 6,624 17,220 388 District No. 9 . 159,643 10,544 105,272 18,351 3,419 13,683 8,374 389 District No. 13 _ 147,968 8,280 104,514 15,812 4,097 6,001 9,264 390 Cortland _ _ 265,057 12,182 205,728 20,037 3,525 8,205 15,380 391 Dunkirk8... . . 341,047 13,496 237,806 33,173 10,282 22,927 23,963 392 Endicott. . . .. 571,407 15,402 427,694 56,856 18,433 17,769 35,253 393 Floral Park. . . . . 592,108 512,476 11,602 21,118 431,591 360,244 73,188 55,846 15,204 8,170 30,880 36,403 29,643 394 Freeport _ _ _ 30,695 395 Fulton _ _ _ 235,928 10,237 176,402 20,117 5,468 8,436 15,268 396 Garden City _ _ _ . 430,303 14,733 300,588 46,194 22,425 22,850 23,513 397 Geneva . . . . 261,124 11,983 190,699 29,944 5,672 8,007 14,819 398 Glen Cove. . . 346,244 19,598 225,165 40,738 21,701 19,174 19,868 399 Glens Falls. . 359,564 15,177 271,247 38,393 11,593 4,643 18,511 400 Gloversville . . . . 437,521 17,720 323,979 35,170 12,874 23,258 24,520 401 Hempstead. . . 664,989 22,206 494,995 70,266 11,160 22,279 44,083 402 Homell _ _ _ . . 324,134 12,334 236,843 38,270 9,099 8,192 19,396 403 Hudson _ 218,482 8,563 151,708 25,328 13,167 7,553 12,163 404 Irondequoit (P. O. , Rochester) . . . 143,152 8,965 98,118 16,286 4,765 5,817 9,201 405 Ithaca _ _ _ _ 531,735 20,672 384,506 63,428 10,747 22,133 30,249 406 Johnson City _ 412,064 10,221 320,218 43,909 6,585 8,479 22,652 407 Johnstown . . 226,228 9,183 154,373 24,293 6,551 18,639 13,189 408 Kenmore. . . . . . . 772,428 27,754 518,990 98,771 18,957 62,158 45,798 409 Kingston _ _ _ 508,433 12,713 379,965 57,174 16,987 14,379 27,215 410 Lackawanna . . . . 740,637 28,002 476,969 129,182 25,246 33,172 48,066 411 Little Falls _ _ 179,821 7,426 129,274 19,144 6,493 5,769 11,715 412 Lockport _ 525,220 19,582 368,274 61,632 10,190 34,793 30,749 413 Lynbrook. _ _ 311,303 13,354 228,781 34,403 13,384 4,194 17,187 414 Mamaroneck . . 725,536 26,145 507,434 86,889 33,780 21,090 50,198 415 Massena . . . 204,748 8,317 149,754 22,437 7,764 5,382 11,094 416 Middletown . . . 364,872 11,327 262,822 38,925 5,763 24,357 21,678 417 Mineola. . . . 295,243 13,418 202,905 41,681 2,586 18,249 16,404 418 North Tona wanda .. _ 377,574 12,634 280,666 34,208 11,415 14,722 23,929 419 Ogdensburg. . . 237,076 8,080 171,728 31,772 2,422 10,072 13,002 420 Olean . . . . 494,587 21,705 362,455 58,247 6,202 13,233 32,745 421 Oneida . . . . 217,140 9,351 159,491 21,429 6,776 6,945 13,148 422 Oneonta... . . 256,408 8,229 191,867 27,054 7,261 6,938 15,059 423 Ossining . . . . 342,582 13,696 234,917 39,607 5,400 31,163 17,799 424 Oswego.. . . 363,510 13,393 267,359 37,101 5,031 21,006 19,620 425 Peekskill . . . . 377,478 14,021 269,421 44,995 11,321 16,375 21,345 426 Pelham _ _ _ 472,906 22,411 338,356 46,608 21,724 18,667 25,140 427 Plattsburg _ _ 176,554 10,824 120,663 21,338 4,352 9,705 9,672 428 Port Chester.. . . 610,765 17,528 451,110 70,690 11,927 20,385 39,125 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 93 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 31,740 28,000 33,529 391,519 740 1,140 364 534,483 *10,000 293,343 787 1,067 365 26,705 24,764 475,414 844,492 993 39 1,845 366 18,254 31,000 432 326,687 382 1,400 367 23,740 30,211 3,000 310,548 472 1,042 368 38,991 66,000 3,532 564,145 849 3,005 369 34,391 31,000 358,221 747 1,294 370 40,237 43,882 266,814 682,150 972 129 1,186 371 *22,736 *22,500 233,712 *391 *938 372 192 57,300 107,000 8,866 591,283 1,461 105 2,899 373 56,691 69,000 2,644 659,795 1,269 2,529 374 62,976 51,076 25,000 544,512 1,357 9 27 2,060 375 976 14,080 40,000 7,333 397,749 278 1,079 376 35,823 31,000 356,580 738 1,520 377 61,348 62,100 613,780 1,263 2,133 378 98,192 81,646 15,141 838,949 2,245 100 3,538 379 48^383 7L726 3,057 615,665 972 58 2,181 380 200 10,000 14,000 167,552 239 *369 381 5,830 35^000 5,825 167,389 80 387 382 6,690 30^000 “1,000 219,290 293 565 383 11,940 23,000 12,945 214,268 373 710 384 2,216 16,613 55,615 6,861 470,168 340 1,497 385 159 3,864 13,355 28,000 2,371 270,678 163 25 876 386 6,598 356 7,500 245,431 752 387 268 17,835 36,065 1,496 215,307 412 830 388 773 15,240 12,059 1,666 177,706 328 613 389 1,222 7,807 45,000 28,698 347,784 457 242 390 14,783 15,036 3,840 375,306 321 1,428 391 1,130 2,580 42,987 98,304 12,726 729,134 1,002 2,580 392 9,274 1,325 75,006 89,326 11,661 778,700 1,686 2,585 393 47,111 59,071 9,479 628,137 1,096 2,375 394 351 1,412 9,522 18,000 2,143 267,356 203 853 395 51,902 147,915 17,796 647,916 1,270 2,520 396 1,184 23,545 24,843 9,352 320,048 530 1,447 397 3,167 49,715 55,000 454,126 1,347 364 398 2,022 38,359 77,689 4,400 482,034 860 40 1,553 399 554 697 13,019 27,236 5,603 484,630 307 1,271 400 68,189 90,096 3,935 827,209 1,335 10 3,382 401 1,381 8,280 28,316 9,597 371,708 169 1,052 402 10,400 5,000 8,796 242,678 260 845 403 23,199 17,000 3,996 187,347 427 691 404 4,076 12,121 19,191 12,091 579,214 306 2,351 405 34,955 75,000 4,685 526,704 919 1,595 406 15,525 10,000 3,987 255,740 340 897 407 513 3,921 80,693 165,150 15,830 1,038,535 2,595 30 4,544 408 2,753 2,673 3,948 4,185 25,000 36,649 583,641 220 2,189 409 3,169 7,755 30,956 84,511 8,704 875,732 695 2,403 410 18,156 17,000 1,771 216,748 348 881 411 4,435 21,972 58,301 934,238 1,544,166 1,024 2,586 412 32,936 39,061 24,863 408,163 844 1,427 413 5,130 132,011 140,000 10,019 1,012,696 2,945 5,364 414 886 19,405 34,007 8,522 267,568 401 1,161 415 37,058 38,023 18,192 458,145 1.125 2,518 416 48,741 40,000 1,393 385,377 1,393 2,152 417 24,384 36,000 1,003 438,961 611 1,995 418 8,623 14,100 10,248 270,047 251 1,483 419 42,125 72,009 1,531 610,252 1,116 2,848 420 542 11,336 19,083 3,654 251,755 258 778 421 311 932 5,125 24,446 1,939 289,161 105 685 422 6,191 300 1,175 34,751 54,216 2,857 442,072 1,012 1,413 423 6,367 855 21,635 46,000 5,063 443,430 459 1,632 424 32,709 34,000 1,368 445,555 706 1,812 425 95,367 57,000 6,643 631,916 2,060 3,168 426 336 4,755 10,000 5,524 197,169 94 666 427 68.549 120,302 4,230 803,846 1,519 3,526 428 94 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities of 10,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 429 Rensselaer. . . . . 205,968 8,397 150,507 19,117 7,618 8,525 11,804 430 Rockville Centre . . . 424,464 16,009 298,590 50,872 7.950 40,376 10,667 431 Saratoga Springs. . . . 271,068 10,096 198,735 27,797 7,371 11,079 15,990 432 Scarsdale _ _ .. 632,217 25,821 447,533 77,107 20,170 17,342 44,244 433 Tonawanda - - . 302,988 11,600 215,399 36,536 12,456 8,948 18,049 434 Valley Stream24. . . . 480,628 11,662 355,918 47,825 10./13 29,309 25,201 435 Watervliet . . 233,465 10,051 164,323 33,661 11,810 10,860 2,760 436 North Carolina Burlington15 . . . . 177,478 7,687 150,288 10,554 4,458 1,772 2,719 437 123,900 95,586 3,667 5,769 106,509 75,664 5,648 5,502 6,854 7,012 1,222 592 438 Elizabeth City _ 1,047 439 Fayetteville. . 128,176 4,830 106,377 9,007 5,956 564 1,442 440 173,351 167,358 6,302 4,925 161,126 142,779 1,600 10,516 4,048 7,227 275 441 Goldsboro . . . . 754 1,157 442 Greenville15 . . . 103,019 4,698 83,134 6,490 4,045 1,495 3,157 443 Hickory15 . . . . 132,628 5,072 110,552 8,985 5,554 465 2,000 444 Kinston . . . 116,549 3,697 90,902 7,483 7,968 5,497 1,002 445 111,020 4,781 96,872 8,011 1,228 4,594 128 446 New Bern . . . . . 93,222 4,642 74,614 6,954 1,438 980 447 Reidsville . . 104,298 4,604 87,399 8,525 2,905 437 428 448 Rocky Mount _ _ 219,757 5,890 181,540 17,331 11,810 1,968 1,218 449 Salisbury. - - 167,144 5,995 137,719 12,130 8,172 1,496 1,632 450 Shelby.. . . . . . 125,426 4,458 108,609 7,075 4,258 85 941 451 Statesville- .. .. . . . 93,213 5,143 79,118 5,100 1,827 597 1,428 452 ThomaBville . 97,261 3,808 83,380 6,374 2,021 373 1,305 453 Wilson . . 170,258 5,439 147,075 9,299 5,850 228 2,367 454 North Dakota Bismarck _ _ _ _ 157,429 8,794 119,129 19,599 3,296 4,913 1,698 455 Grand Forks _ .. .. . 254,259 9,177 196,942 35,383 3,320 3,869 5,568 456 Minot... . . . 176,910 8,893 115,992 25,872 8,592 7,077 10,484 457 Ohio Alliance. . . . 393,373 14,277 302,375 55,092 13,696 6,260 1,673 458 Ashland. . . . 211,217 11,537 149,805 35,059 8,151 5,335 1,330 459 Ashtabula. . . . 277,199 9,230 198,086 48,212 16,443 3,711 1,517 460 Barberton . . 323,280 11,188 216,502 49,719 35,162 7,637 3,072 461 Bellaire . . 203,523 6,918 142,220 26,594 17,346 3,294 7,151 462 Cambridge _ _ _ ... 232,610 6,343 180,684 28,886 13,515 2,554 628 463 Campbell . . . . 260,035 10,856 193,552 47,624 2,761 4,841 401 464 Chillicothe - ..... ._ 245,050 7,361 196,437 31,220 5,077 3,762 1,193 465 Coshocton.. . - . 153,695 7,128 111,616 21,360 11,593 1,273 725 466 Cuyahoga Falls . . 278,655 11,759 187,805 37,676 22,127 17,800 1,488 467 East Liverpool.. _ 354,526 9,648 269,552 52,654 9,779 9,898 2,995 468 Elyria _ _ _ 448,339 16,893 338,729 59,857 11,408 8,505 12,947 469 Euclid _ _ _ . 348,911 18,251 255,463 48,002 14,216 12,626 353 470 Findlay... . . . 297,971 7,994 232,604 41,356 9,448 4,112 2,457 471 Fostoria. . . . ... 182,280 6,320 114,072 26,442 31,048 1,950 2,448 472 Fremont _ 303,447 12,146 195,179 44,804 24,397 16,980 9,941 473 Garfield Heights (P.O., Cleve¬ land) . . . . 235,085 12,314 170,083 32,756 4,084 6,214 9,634 474 Ironton. . . 200,093 5,495 145,060 28,443 12,214 1,559 7,322 475 Lancaster . . . 299,384 11,539 215,393 33,675 17,584 19,270 1,923 476 Marietta - - 173,679 8,491 127,389 30,229 3,964 2,939 667 477 Martins Ferry _ _ _ 189,765 6,600 151,472 21,379 5,401 4,078 835 478 Massillon . . 492,676 13,913 380,164 61,769 24,359 2,887 9,584 479 Mount Vernon . . 152,797 5,726 110,550 23,534 676 10,534 1,777 480 New Philadelphia . . 179,787 10,019 134,569 23,899 5,622 5,477 201 481 Niles _ _ 234,756 7,681 182,400 34,398 5,362 3,272 1,643 482 Paines ville . . . . 174,837 6,442 119,988 33,152 13,876 485 894 483 Parma (P.O., Cleveland) . . 253,354 15,964 177,546 39,410 5,686 13,439 1,309 484 Piqua . . . . 206,342 7,508 147,661 29,012 16,892 3,203 2,066 485 Salem _ . _ 221,646 9,246 152,769 32,740 13,090 6,139 7,662 486 Sandusky . . . . 356,369 12,824 242,505 68,245 19,298 5,225 8,272 487 Shaker Heighta(P.O., Cleveland). 730,906 26,741 517,434 104,640 50,948 28,809 2,334 488 Stru there _ .. _ _ . 206,268 8,836 151,427 31,051 7,539 5,155 2,260 489 Tiffin.. . . . . 144,531 7,329 108,951 20,193 5,290 2,056 712 490 Wooster . . . 194,576 7,710 143,021 20,408 14,216 1,156 8,065 491 Xenia . . . . . ... 135,970 6,822 101,685 21,328 2,734 2.232 1,169 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 95 funds, and value of school property , by city , 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 11,143 19,000 2,040 238,151 306 893 429 47,706 65,168 3,070 540,408 1,110 2,501 430 1,200 5,125 26,000 2,505 305,898 84 7 840 431 130,264 123,000 11,240 896,721 3,240 3,769 432 28,049 41,000 3,293 375,330 l0623 1,615 433 54,908 56,064 4,095 595,695 1,116 2,378 434 10,122 13,000 68 256,655 393 775 435 16,000 13,500 12,982 219,960 338 23 23 813 436 21,428 46,424 500 192,252 458 124 721 437 23,789 25,500 2,862 147,737 246 587 438 54,682 102,336 6,865 292,059 862 172 714 439 1035,750 150,000 359,101 650 1,590 440 20,086 5,005 192,449 450 739 441 12,890 13,875 4,481 134,265 235 36 514 442 12,500 26,000 1,972 173,100 263 859 443 2,725 18,109 19,237 2,528 159,148 344 10 700 444 8,670 12,029 2,449 134,168 150 648 445 8J95 4^65 2,198 108,680 149 269 446 16,180 19,108 2,283 141,869 271 5 702 447 16,159 16,625 5,655 258,196 351 34 1,064 448 32,662 9,000 6,747 215,553 610 3 1,262 449 15,522 22,806 8,663 172,417 308 17 484 450 14,331 16,000 6,086 129,630 267 6 436 451 9,620 14,000 2,500 123,381 172 21 626 452 *23,500 *23,000 9,547 226,305 *450 729 453 24,620 22,585 1,270 205,904 189 792 454 16,492 42,281 7,932 320,964 360 42 *1,789 455 22,905 47,275 147,404 394,494 565 290 1,200 456 3,380 1,968 960 17,208 151,406 8,424 576,719 245 1,853 457 80 500 14,883 35,850 49,942 312,472 340 1,122 458 23,995 42,000 2,875 346,069 406 1,468 459 24,316 81,920 509,199 938,715 554 63 186 1,547 460 14,926 41,700 10,865 271,014 243 1,195 461 6,246 22,950 17,707 279,513 75 8 10 900 462 26,000 110,595 8,943 405,573 395 63 1,258 463 1,663 23,474 47,000 7,603 324,790 400 1,186 464 3,839 7,000 164,534 50 16 578 465 39,703 71,110 389,468 671 93 1,516 466 5,199 11,000 52,812 423,537 140 1,030 467 37,239 89,163 4,619 579,360 713 62 108 2,141 468 56,312 183,160 4,476 592,859 1,001 1,099 2,288 469 14,305 51,780 298,827 662,883 397 33 2,077 470 9,138 18,862 128,700 338,980 290 918 471 647 338 25,212 53,766 11,199 394,609 448 20 6 1,179 472 31,949 53,500 207,577 528,111 686 72 11 1,509 473 49,516 77,186 326,795 845 131 888 474 21,192 34,400 110,655 465,631 438 1,788 475 19,079 40,627 90 233,475 374 36 19 1,003 476 9,960 22,000 6,370 228,095 192 799 477 50,064 34,400 615,618 1,192,758 1,326 100 2,742 478 7,060 42,460 339,000 541,317 233 23 575 479 9,179 21,400 1,898 212,264 167 639 480 25,604 63,015 1,099 324,474 431 1,152 481 825 15,160 53,538 8,256 252,616 287 33 503 482 88,028 84,039 1,952 427,373 1,600 11 22 1,721 483 345 12,687 29,927 17,942 267,243 236 1,075 484 9,140 40,800 44,681 316,267 185 24 *566 485 11,084 43,215 90,186 500,854 197 1,820 486 126,099 343,458 1,052 1,201,515 2,568 6,089 4'7 23,505 55,000 284,773 396 22 845 488 12,695 44,800 72,534 274,560 268 936 489 16,617 28,000 239,193 127 515 490 12,842 38,000 845 187,657 227 2 605 491 96 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities OF 10,000- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 492 Oklahoma Ada . . . . 157,711 6,268 131,128 14,109 4,124 471 1,611 493 Ardmore. . - . . 153,914 6,311 119,122 15,697 8,467 200 4,117 494 495 212,168 8,462 165,977 26,360 7,817 3,552 2,802 Chickasha - - 172 040 7,617 137,569 15,464 1,884 6,704 496 Durant . . 85.320 6,818 66.693 5,865 3,734 900 1,310 497 El Reno... - 134,272 8,560 105,751 13,202 3,336 1,978 1,445 498 Enid _ a - - - 336,456 14,879 252,471 39,245 18,892 2,120 8,849 499 Guthrie . . 133,419 9,651 96,905 13,109 8.645 3,398 1,711 500 Lawton. - - - 171,401 8,569 128,293 18,325 5,580 8,852 1,782 501 McAlester... . — .. 139,012 6,445 107,302 13,842 4,675 5,325 1,423 502 Norman _ _ 115,138 6,954 88,607 10,952 2,550 4,827 1,248 503 504 195,176 10,050 154,760 22,585 36,872 5,214 4,804 2,567 1,997 Ponca City - - - 300,286 10,313 236,621 9,679 505 Sapulpa.. . 130,606 9,335 95,847 15,393 6,230 2,631 1,170 506 Seminole... . . . 127,705 8,412 102,657 9,115 1,132 4,860 1,529 507 508 509 241,184 99,516 128,005 11,479 6,207 9,572 189,367 26,511 8,343 12,062 7,568 6,259 79,409 5,043 1,120 514 Wewoka.. . . 95,935 7,356 1,960 510 Oregon Astoria - - 139,702 7,689 105,337 14,502 8,789 1,928 1,457 511 Bend. . . . . . 165,838 5,338 107,981 17,984 5,818 8,785 19,932 512 Eugene . . . 334,690 10,760 272,547 27,527 17,396 3,125 3,335 513 Klamath Falls _ 263,554 9,210 190,858 40,374 6,525 13,740 2,847 514 Medford . . 241,635 11,757 176,215 23,431 22,763 3,985 3,484 515 Pennsylvania Abington . 501,961 25,508 363,719 52,385 23,977 22,714 13,658 516 Aliquippa - - 544,279 20,056 426,886 57,355 15,002 10,072 14,908 517 Ambridge - - 377,983 20,783 272,547 55,388 14,981 6,339 7,945 518 Arnold - - - - 160,009 14,505 116,801 14,723 5,678 4,102 4,200 519 Beaver Falls . — . . 304,137 7,921 239,774 33,979 5,419 8,614 8,430 520 Bellevue . . . . 197,959 14,587 143,882 19,270 12,394 3,512 4,314 521 Berwick. . . . . . 184,014 6,738 142,520 20,426 6,009 2,870 5,451 522 Braddock . 275,183 16,903 211,366 28,596 5,241 2,854 10,223 523 Bradford - - - 362,500 27,180 242,031 52,409 7,800 24,758 8,322 524 Bristol . . . . 129,473 4,480 102,920 12,973 4,000 1,100 4,000 525 Butler . . 377,695 17,970 293,320 41,045 9,316 7,532 8,512 526 Canonsburg. . . . 180,714 5,850 149,300 15,114 6,790 1,400 2,260 527 Carbondale . . . . 265,064 19,206 201,125 27,457 5,734 2,298 9,244 528 Carlisle . . . - 202,335 11,424 155,370 22,119 3,870 2,717 6,835 529 Carnegie. . . 182,231 13,950 126,994 22,767 8,582 4,974 4,964 530 Chamberaburg . . . 201,698 10,014 132,045 18,049 5,009 1,228 5,353 531 Charleroi . . 229,264 11,827 173,942 24,554 4,985 5,306 8,650 532 Cheltenham. . . . 525,658 18,858 376,388 68,165 17,034 28,845 16,368 533 Clairton _ 369,275 9,299 281,985 46,847 12,062 9,508 9,574 534 Coates ville . . . . 285,399 16,867 216,949 29,170 9,481 5,387 7,545 535 Columbia _ _ 135,583 10,746 96,459 14,602 7,227 1,450 5,099 536 Connellsville. . . 261,593 17,074 193,900 25,912 4,565 11,637 8,505 537 Conshohocken . . . 108,459 6,450 82,299 10,745 3,939 1,538 3,488 538 Coraopolis. . 190,925 7,103 149,094 20,866 5,160 3,777 4,925 539 Darby . . 177,354 12,010 127,032 22,788 7,853 2,866 4,805 540 Dickson. . . 159,346 13,367 113,209 16,859 10,129 1,250 4,532 541 Donora 250,474 243,346 12,273 21,969 186,988 32,391 25,309 13,063 5,759 6,750 542 Dormont (P.O., Pittsburgh) _ 174,697 11,354 3,267 543 Du Bois . . 226,904 10,975 169,004 20,930 10,807 5,899 9,289 544 Dunmore _ 352,482 19,762 264,961 40,164 12,523 10,630 4,442 545 Duquesne _ 338,581 12,427 248,505 38,276 17,339 11,261 10,773 546 Ell wood City . . . . 250,567 14,565 193,071 24,861 4,530 7,770 5,770 547 Farrell... . . 247,169 13,142 185,666 30,871 3,716 4,442 9,332 548 Greensburg _ _ 346,312 13,421 245,084 41,225 28,527 4,954 13,101 549 Hanover . . . . 171,137 8,181 134,466 15,370 4,750 2,912 5,458 550 Hanover (township )(P.O., Wilkes Barre)5 . . . _ 471,446 28,898 343,958 51,280 12,447 28,932 5,931 551 Harrison (P.O., Natrona) _ 172,447 7,170 98,819 13,613 2,607 47,258 2,980 552 Haverford (P.O., Llanerch) _ 485,339 24,722 357,102 57,797 12,143 18,980 14,595 553 Homestead _ _ _ 256,444 10,266 208,548 29,216 2,342 5,512 560 554 Indiana _ 175,868 6,664 132,219 20,872 5,459 4,283 6,371 555 Jeannette _ _ 213,829 10,827 165,263 24,160 3,081 4,796 5,702 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 97 funds, and value of school property, by city, 193940 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 8,267 24,000 3,245 193,223 286 459 492 16,612 35,872 1,701 208,099 300 87 705 493 41,664 48,689 7,006 309,527 810 403 1,493 494 14,644 11,000 4,372 202,056 279 550 495 5,240 10,577 1,412 102,549 121 30 450 496 10,211 13,000 1,516 158,999 287 685 497 25,330 78,075 1,043 440,904 778 492 1,261 498 10,794 4,200 2,000 150,413 231 586 499 7,523 574 5,707 185,205 96 940 500 22,675 13,500 976 176,163 435 555 501 12,694 17,000 291 145,123 183 7570 502 650 21,239 59,000 9,300 285,365 373 108 900 503 26,995 54,706 140 382,127 794 326 1,866 504 22,283 2?, 250 4,257 184,396 363 25 45 580 505 5,477 78,000 1,460 212,642 29 412 506 20,145 81,000 4,593 346,922 282 750 507 7,481 7,126 638 114,761 223 106 380 508 12,716 36,000 344 177,065 170 *375 509 4,933 22,000 12,143 178,778 84 589 510 7,570 58,127 11,596 243,131 125 722 511 11,552 53,000 41,682 440,924 198 12 31 1,129 512 20,232 45,000 13,725 342,511 843 1,255 513 120 12,244 25,000 40,993 319,992 227 680 514 1,100 53,452 158,987 59,091 774,591 « 1.495 60 155 1,765 515 5,913 39, 777 53,223 23,359 666,551 1,037 2 217 1,661 516 2,847 22,493 66,350 26,556 496,229 507 32 71 1,658 517 1,316 10,534 21,091 5,120 198,070 217 16 46 499 518 24,716 87,744 3,622 420,219 501 .... 22 1,322 519 8,930 21,763 1,977 230,629 181 19 735 520 22,600 22,400 229,014 502 3 24 980 521 16,619 59,065 10,363 361,230 461 35 1,517 522 4,944 27,853 41,483 102,891 539,671 686 4 1,918 523 4,961 7,039 141,473 135 430 524 400 7,494 27,208 4,730 417,527 165 2,596 525 10,332 26,568 1,221 218,835 270 11 835 526 17,977 28,108 133 311,282 437 913 527 15,174 19,243 5,979 242,731 403 28 9 1,045 528 13,298 118,996 1,095 315,620 230 60 599 529 16,555 20,431 12,343 251,027 346 75 915 530 15,501 65,941 13,358 324,064 421 28 134 1,258 531 800 52,210 78,073 18,739 675,479 1,195 107 3,175 532 5,091 36,645 66,759 3,722 481,492 842 20 2,466 533 1,521 16,278 34,248 423,139 760,585 540 21 1,313 534 8,885 65,500 8,035 218,003 225 42 313 535 7,725 98,364 5,937 373,619 152 36 111 753 536 6,613 27,500 142,572 192 16 17 334 537 19,026 68,500 354 278,805 373 30 22 823 538 8,198 54,801 240,353 185 18 34 1,025 539 23,295 54,793 237,434 457 139 712 540 27,630 31,590 3,965 313,659 580 540 26 984 541 675 28,175 49,083 1,455 322,734 546 15 1,123 542 2,202 4,058 8,500 30,571 272,235 131 863 543 18,407 158,034 16,476 545,399 381 109 S 1,270 544 34,572 75,015 4,456 452,624 755 51 296 1,180 545 2,370 12,436 64,101 467 329,941 265 987 546 33,394 125,015 24,743 430,321 709 113 1,380 547 30,967 33,089 9,044 419,412 717 1,800 548 202 11,686 13,353 3,340 199,718 277 34 632 549 34,686 95,792 57,721 659,645 524 326 61 1,681 550 16,752 24,557 4,960 218,716 343 71 645 551 1,700 69,448 148,572 17,546 722,605 1,650 556 1,295 552 31,483 126,059 45,645 459,631 833 61 1,225 553 15,300 20,000 4,410 215,578 360 781 554 12.213 76.990 1,038 304.0701 296 84 663 555 98 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities of 10,000- City Current expense, full-time day schools Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 556 Kingston . . . 297,179 3,320 274,628 9,161 1,780 4,687 3,603 557 Lansdowne . . . 223,374 10,250 167,454 28,580 8,664 3,350 5,076 558 Latrobe . . . 186,059 7,717 146,156 18,923 5,529 2,792 4,942 559 Lebanon . . 356,337 13,847 273,885 44,446 7,251 7,399 9,509 560 Lewistown . .. . .. 249,880 14,931 191.191 21,282 7,248 7,340 7,888 561 Lock Haven. . . . . 163,085 8,712 124,766 15,507 5,947 3,890 4,263 562 McKees Rocks _ 178,337 8,896 143,458 18,222 5,334 2,367 60 563 Mahanoy City . 149,986 7,911 115,081 16,415 3,229 3,292 4,058 564 Meadville _ 248,696 11,176 185,347 32,278 3,621 9,491 6,783 565 Monessen _ . 361,944 17,208 270,926 45,412 8,223 7,533 12,642 566 Mount Carmel . . . 193,461 13,260 142,107 19,107 8,859 4,902 5,226 567 Mount Lebanon _ 428,297 29,544 315,534 53,609 5,791 10,677 13,142 568 Munhall _ _ 292,692 19,809 203,433 38,580 12,667 8,164 10,039 569 Nanticoke. . . . . 386,533 17,733 294,365 43,362 14,511 14,328 2,234 570 New Kensington _ 367,569 21,602 291,593 34,184 9,894 4,757 5,539 571 North Braddock(P.O.,Braddock) 309,770 16,591 218,169 50,998 2,735 11,327 9,950 572 Oil City . . 304,950 9,200 236,098 41,568 2,927 6,591 8 566 573 Old Forge. _ _ _ 267,196 10,714 218,116 25,693 1,651 5,494 5,528 574 Phoenix ville _ _ _ 169,668 7,463 124,658 19,601 2,981 6,088 8,877 575 Pittston . . 302,709 16,401 237,107 31,187 5,177 4,356 8,481 576 Plains _ _ 234,101 8,947 168,626 38,240 3,185 12,243 2,860 577 Plymouth _ 233,758 16,020 174,844 24,303 8,157 3,548 6,886 578 Pottstown _ _ 294,588 12,129 231,053 32,022 4,874 5,483 9,027 579 Pottsville . . 369,592 24,039 259,140 56,712 2,492 17,743 9,466 580 Shaler (P.O., Glenshaw) . 147,530 6,866 98,238 19,569 2,046 17,375 3,436 581 Shamokin . . 255,265 19,003 184,649 29,888 12,117 4,654 4,954 582 Sharon . . 421,411 20,621 295,517 57,419 29,814 6,905 11,135 583 Shenandoah . . 299,521 20,974 219,883 30,227 16,408 8,968 3,061 584 Steel ton _ 211,056 12,302 157,933 25,263 4,995 5,998 4,565 Stowe (P.O., McKees Rocks)... 212,218 8,184 158,393 25,326 12,532 4,772 3,011 586 Sunbury.. . . . . 234,478 8,270 172,244 29,447 12,577 4,932 7,008 587 Swiss vale _ _ _ _ 252,806 12,039 182,304 32,280 7,622 10,939 7,622 588 Tamaqua. . . 160,703 12,070 116,519 21,438 1,645 3,160 5,871 589 Union town _ 345,220 24,737 254,373 43,712 10,107 4,811 7,480 590 Vandergrift _ _ _ 175,732 10,822 129,057 15,869 4,547 5,883 9,554 591 Warren. . . 263,115 13,752 186,555 28,959 6,300 16,153 11,396 592 Washington _ 376,285 20,465 273,477 39,307 18,657 12,865 11,514 593 Waynesboro . . . 175,527 10,543 105,332 16,136 34,470 4,536 4,510 594 West Chester . 278,442 19,063 186,667 34,221 15,259 16,742 6,490 595 Wilkinsburg _ 563,019 12,433 432,420 75,410 15,294 7,349 20,113 Rhode Island 596 Bristol . . . 154,724 5,357 121,899 18,198 2,565 6,705 597 Central Falls _ 214,008 5,955 166,040 26,894 6,106 9,013 598 Cumberland (P.O., Valley Falls). 128,494 4,357 92,324 18,232 2,742 10,839 599 Johnston (P.O., Providence) 175,740 5,205 95,462 15,457 7,715 51,901 600 Lincoln (P.O., Lonsdale)5! _ 126,560 4,085 57,828 11,259 1,991 51,397 601 North Providence (P.O., Provi¬ dence) . 177,141 6,930 122,175 27,757 1,906 18,373 602 Warwick (P.O., Apponaug) . 434,051 8,448 308,466 74,219 22,964 19,954 603 Westerly _ _ 193,571 6,619 145,921 23,039 5,378 12,614 604 West Warwick _ 189,791 5,069 138,440 24,344 6,878 15,060 South Carolina 605 Anderson . . 252,698 6,472 215,500 16,352 7,542 6,347 485 606 Florence _ _ 156,367 6,145 130,867 11,798 3,420 3,677 460 607 Greenwood _ 143,454 5,165 118,004 10,960 7,625 1,700 608 Orangeburg _ 108,444 5,050 89,712 7,737 1,069 2,146 2,730 609 Rock Hill . . . 165,614 6,280 126,314 16,262 12,903 1,390 2,465 610 Sumter _ _ 139,248 10,925 102,493 9,381 2,914 2,190 11,345 South Dakota 611 Aberdeen _ _ _ _ 262,005 14,805 188,664 42,952 7,915 2,860 4,809 612 Huron . 164,667 9,767 115,446 26,076 5,493 7,885 613 Mitchell _ 163,908 10,471 111,124 27,256 8,956 4,138 1,963 614 Rapid City _ _ _ 205,197 9,617 154,323 29,820 6,293 2,928 2,216 615 Watertown . . ... 162,673 8,181 120,232 28.664 3.996 1.600 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 99 funds, and value of school property , by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools 300 1,855 300 2,541 334 1,357 906 930 1,095 1,833 1,897 Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools 1,040 3,353 2,203 Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 7,550 244,743 902 550,374 148 12 12 2.370 556 25,955 23,454 13,504 286,587 620 45 43 1.309 557 7,955 19,000 2,748 217,617 254 1,234 558 30,017 47,770 72,095 506,219 1,037 39 3,658 559 10,574 78,600 3,519 342,573 496 18 70 865 560 8,443 48,792 1,194 221,514 195 48 611 561 25,621 99,299 1,598 304,855 545 55 1,366 562 9,724 21,105 10,462 191,277 241 826 563 16,948 36,054 151,587 453,285 435 57 1 655 564 36,000 90,000 4,661 492,605 620 81 1394 565 10,153 61,090 2,317 267,321 214 42 670 566 73,230 16,661 124,982 643,170 1,802 55 2.937 567 35,677 40,071 3,238 374,219 768 34 82 1.944 56? 28,085 99,713 2,807 517,138 297 37 1,845 569 21,550 151,530 25,207 565,856 553 79 1.708 570 40,336 101,587 52 451,745 720 1.843 571 31,047 25,000 222,539 583,536 700 1,857 572 8,261 70,727 18,195 364,379 140 15 453 573 32,222 143,759 2,766 348,415 326 85 7 998 574 4,998 31,467 339,174 284 44 788 575' 19,094 67,000 3,163 323,358 370 15 13 1,003 576 14,834 14,866 263.792 348 47 50 820 577 31,913 32,885 83,487 442,873 816 79 1,348 578 40,717 21,642 2,914 436,322 965 29 181 2.043 579 14,161 38,060 4,246 203,997 303 10 636 580 17,719 93,048 9,388 375,420 333 75 1,024 581 59,613 18,631 1,194 500,849 1,155 314 2,106 582 16,471 80,000 2,969 399,867 343 57 7 863 583 12,884 14,167 1,852 240,889 254 33 1,012 584 29,714 103,815 1,188 346,935 693 10 90 683 585 13,114 15,105 10,485 273,182 447 53 2,017 586 32,012 68,037 514 353,369 635 24 45 1,523 587 15,576 69,600 25 245,904 386 16 7 556 588 35,310 56,813 6,608 443,951 977 37 156 1 655 589 7,020 15,774 198,526 163 24 374 590 25,840 56,906 3,276 350,232 579 37 87 1,539 591 48,536 7,163 38,579 470,563 1,133 1,878 592 7,180 143 4,910 187,760 285 755 593 7,115 60,241 9,466 358,994 254 27 922 594 68,524 132,411 763,954 1,497 40 32 3.662 595 17 155,781 12 1.300 596 H5,420 54,000 854 237,635 s248 800 597 4,175 13,000 544 146,213 75 470 598 *5,558 59,000 190,298 5116 347 599 126,560 203 600 13,860 26,000 1,366 220,570 388 868 601 33,396 *56,000 12,368 535,815 1,104 2,347 602 30,88' 40,000 426 264,882 779 1,420 603 26,155 37,750 1,351 255,047 294 120 266 961 604 22,360 8,000 5,005 288,063 425 138 1,155 605 28,568 33,216 11,596 229,747 556 22 844 606 14,729 34,311 3,500 195,994 291 105 740 607 7,238 25,801 4,975 146,458 232 67 575 608 7,380 22,000 4,088 199,082 166 656 609 16,634 28,958 101,302 286,142 360 167 648 610 10,139 44,000 7,482 323,626 208 70 1,635 611 8,080 22,000 4,318 199,065 149 10 760 612 8,451 15,387 3,907 191,653 192 941 613 16,648 35,116 10,960 267,921 329 199 1,175 614 2,700 22,500 3,616 191,489 22 707 615 100 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools , bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities OF io.coo- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 616 Tennessee 140,057 111,337 7,383 7,086 107,059 80,187 19,662 13,456 3,928 2,532 2,025 617 Clarksville . . . 4,951 3,125 618 Cleveland _ _ 76,023 4,983 57,763 8,267 2,978 102 1,930 619 Dyereburg _ _ _ _ 88,060 4,086 72,853 6,533 3,313 675 600 620 133,244 219,625 4,184 4,800 114,544 186,855 11,174 19,355 780 2,562 3,865 621 Johnson City _ 2,726 2,024 622 Kingsport _ _ _ 187,967 5,446 144,915 11,781 11,701 10,499 3,625 623 Texas 255,694 140,243 10 900 212,640 108.624 21,284 11,142 7,250 1,796 3,620 1,223 624 Big Spring . . 16,089 1,369 625 Borger . . 108,670 12,240 70.816 9,155 4,524 9,732 2,203 626 Brownsville . . . . 185,579 18,486 133,374 17,580 6,735 6,464 2,940 627 Brownwood . 133,437 5,465 108,072 7,800 6,000 5,600 500 628 128,965 135,157 7,615 6,180 105,857 105,630 10,580 12,619 3,259 2,380 1,654 6,403 629 Cleburne _ 1,945 630 161,127 78,217 5,580 8,584 140,668 58,354 8,362 7,879 4,000 1,830 2,517 484 631 Del Rio _ _ 1,086 03 2 Denison . . . 157,699 7,485 120,082 18,230 4,207 3,815 3,880 633 111,650 444,722 4,600 20,784 88,150 7,250 50,210 4,000 6,9^6 7 650 634 Goose Creek . . 323,430 33,817 9,535 635 Greenville. .. _ . _ _ 125,881 5,220 95,318 8,702 9,995 6.263 383 636 Harlingen _ 140,245 12,333 106,222 9,147 2,263 6,810 3,470 637 Highland Park (P.O., Dallas) . . 320,490 24,169 252,559 28,352 7,181 5,059 3,170 638 Longview _ _ _ 175,922 9,720 135,702 94,677 22,000 2,500 6,000 639 McAllen . . 124,377 8,750 8,650 6,000 5,700 600 640 Marshall . . . 184,987 9,360 155,790 10,450 3,682 2,705 3,000 641 Palestine. . . . . 141,359 9,152 111,951 8,938 8,894 382 2,042 642 Pampa . . - 255,259 22,253 169,104 23,680 8,113 24,471 7,638 643 Paris . . . . 172,947 6,418 142,103 9,865 7,576 3,185 3,800 644 San Angelo . . . . 330,146 10,753 288,226 22,623 5,184 255 3,105 645 Sherman . . . 172,069 7,613 141,986 12,119 5,500 3,121 1,730 646 Sweetwater _ 121,996 10,953 90,493 9,474 3,781 2,558 4,737 647 Temple - - - - 143,364 6,756 116,518 13,109 1,776 3,870 1,335 648 Terrell . . 66,145 3,480 51,425 6,165 1,685 3,030 360 649 Texarkana . . ... 201,675 12,861 162,986 16,329 7,030 248 2,221 650 Tyler . . . 290,942 18,250 236,763 21,381 2,915 9,694 1,939 651 Victoria.. . . . .. 89,624 8,284 67,690 9,077 1,766 1,330 1,477 652 Utah Logan _ _ _ 179,793 7,938 141,848 17,031 6,933 3,875 2,168 653 Provo _ _ 233,192 11,150 181,268 27,762 6,037 4,352 2,623 654 Vermont Barre . . . . 155,758 5,679 113,283 23,726 10,013 1,031 2,026 655 Brattleboro. . . . ... 109.816 4,557 82,160 12,396 2,662 5,617 2,424 656 Burlington . . . . 262,595 10,501 202,893 32,893 6,669 5,987 3,652 657 Rutland . . . . ... 192,345 8,435 141,400 27,220 10,120 2,967 2,203 658 Virginia Charlottesville _ 174,370 15,406 133,488 14,555 4,272 2,377 4,272 659 Fredericksburg _ _ 89,136 4,568 68,960 7,829 7,181 200 398 660 Martinsville. . . . ... 79,668 2,551 63,435 8,829 1,286 2,493 1,074 661 Staunton _ _ 92,212 5,433 72,477 8,058 2,777 2,794 673 662 Suffolk _ 102,543 4,862 82,882 11,843 1,782 419 755 663 Winchester . . .. 130,828 5,866 106,684 11,852 3,931 1,068 » 1,427 664 Washington Aberdeen 267,003 457,991 8,142 14,677 200,179 356.090 30,241 58 201 18,841 9,600 665 Bellingham - ... ... 15,012 10,882 3,129 666 Bremerton _ 284,188 187,444 241,558 299 798 7,900 9,770 9,119 11,987 216,960 131,413 173,000 232,673 36,63*1 13,982 8,715 667 Hoquiam 19,296 17,635 11,632 9,330 668 Longview . . 28,699 19,108 669 Olympia . . . . 29,714 14,808 7,484 3,132 670 V ancouver 295,182 254.941 10,885 9,200 234,992 195,908 34,807 5,407 9,091 671 Walla Walla . . . . . 35,676 9,474 3,095 1,588 672 Wenatchee 296,236 454,792 8,084 11.559 221 5*5 331700 54,021 28,477 4,430 673 Yakima . . . . 362.565 17,457 9,190 (See footnotes at end of table.) City School Systems 101 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Debt service (Current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) Interest All other debt service School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 21,282 4,500 191,856 357,695 442 894 616 10,200 2,731 124,268 240 650 617 11,886 11,700 52,210 151,819 231 5 419 618 88,060 7306 619 7,775 13,000 7,447 161,466 187 *692 620 36,440 20,000 8,093 284,158 911 1,550 621 27,100 140,000 849 355,916 490 140 1,014 622 42,050 21,050 1,900 320,694 821 26 1,182 623 20,302 56,100 11,739 228,38 4 379 20 632 624 13,633 15,134 6,675 144,112 444 473 625 18,383 205,717 5,327 415,006 904 12 1,192 626 51,549 *1,000 8,052 144,038 *199 488 627 ' 73 14,000 143,038 902 628 17,768 7,000 6,339 166,264 361 19 1,125 629 644,525 *20,250 8,276 234,908 *932 15 1,326 630 15,110 7,500 1,523 102,350 301 486 631 6,684 13,425 10,369 188,177 183 904 632 14,240 10,000 1,700 137,590 306 25 689 633 60,223 87,242 3,447 595,634 1,311 1,792 634 100 3,228 129,209 658 635 37,465 24,010 4,294 206,014 635 779 636 48.149 50,525 42,117 461,281 1,096 1,732 637 16,250 16,000 13,400 221,572 350 593 638 26,000 6,000 3,100 159,477 435 890 639 19,058 4,000 291,596 499,641 468 1,155 640 13,197 34,464 1,668 190,688 349 17 787 641 20,450 34,020 76,942 386,671 454 880 642 12,785 33,000 4,678 223,410 236 9*3 643 45,272 6,351 59,757 441,526 877 27 1,604 644 17,020 13,500 3,101 205,690 405 917 645 24,805 11,500 5,056 163,357 486 706 646 11,321 18,500 1,286 174,471 231 11 884 647 26,635 92,780 278 648 26,465 148,751 4,381 383,324 486 25 895 649 38,339 221,715 60,696 611,692 908 22 1,511 650 1010,250 8,500 49,160 157,584 205 536 651 8,224 9,063 64,531 261,875 230 24 982 652 13,351 31,002 39,423 317,946 283 18 675 653 1,225 5,000 165,472 40 305 654 1,410 28,049 139,275 22 20 509 655 19,763 80 3,444 285,882 465 1,500 656 *9,440 *20,160 221,945 163 646 657 *24,673 *9,546 381,469 593,637 *490 *63 822 658 3,989 18,500 112,836 130 470 659 7,767 5,012 102,164 194,611 123 17 509 660 10,254 7,000 4,737 115,247 233 416 661 483 2,325 5,899 111,250 12 415 662 158 8,946 140,240 1,027 663 12,021 36,400 7,822 323,846 259 105 18 951 16,765 11,000 6,785 494.679 468 13 10 2,138 665 6,449 9,470 9,468 318.036 178 923 666 1,800 30,000 219.244 10 820 667 18,906 38,000 106,616 409 983 384 6 1,860 668 11,509 25,500 6,367 343.274 215 1,238 669 14,958 31,096 4,621 345,857 312 26 51 1,208 670 1,058 9,761 5,583 271,343 42 29 978 671 13,797 40,000 350,033 260 47 47 1,085 672 20,067 56,200 12,489 543,548 402 72 1,761 673 Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools 730 2,052 50 264 200 778 3,489 1,211 3,579 153 600 2,138 8,002 459 4,903 100 102 Biennial Surveys of Education, 1938-40 and 1940-42 Table 14. — Total expenditures for schools, bonds, and sinking Group III.— cities OF io.ooo- Current expense, full-time day schools City Total General control Instruction Opera¬ tion Main¬ tenance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges 674 Wisconsin Appleton . . . . 418,550 15,215 315,610 63,062 6,322 12,450 5,891 675 Ashland.-. . . . 145,781 5,833 103,477 26,998 5,664 1,978 1,831 676 122,454 425,199 5,129 13,668 93,059 327,970 16,904 50,977 6,115 1,247 4,465 677 Beloit _ _ 19,646 8,473 678 Chippewa Falls _ 131,785 6,190 101,421 16,412 4,332 2,656 774 679 Cudahy... _ _ _ 163,626 8,031 116,999 28,729 6,396 1,595 1,876 680 Fond du Lac . . . 384,142 9,182 306,442 48,612 10,480 6,986 2,440 681 Janesville- . . . 334,354 9,111 255,376 43,147 19,185 2,206 5,329 682 Manitowoc.. . . 409,882 17,242 299,673 67,829 17,875 691 6,572 683 Marinette _ _ _ 185,195 5,308 148,919 21,278 5,878 1,715 2,097 684 Marshfield . . . 141,746 7,258 95,601 21,757 6,922 7,040 3,168 685 Menasha _ _ 122,134 7,362 82,843 21,112 4,211 4,233 2,373 686 Neenah . . 208,117 9,941 141,387 32,547 17,596 3,685 2,961 687 Shorewood _ _ 388,852 145,435 21,979 6,827 287,546 108,078 51,315 24,186 24,573 . 2,919 3,439 1,146 688 South Milwaukee5 _ 2,279 689 Stevens Point . 183,348 6,928 133,764 34,292 4,470 1,334 2,560 690 Two Rivers . . . . 143,389 7,431 105,593 20,997 6,947 612 1,809 691 Watertown... . . 125,648 5,664 100,004 15,127 1,501 1,280 2,072 692 Waukesha _ 337,096 403,380 12,032 12,818 262,885 308,871 40,953 55,281 10,883 10,669 10,343 693 Wausau25.. _ _ 9,794 5,947 694 Wauwatosa _ _ 504,764 19,794 397,175 59,006 18,000 541 10,248 695 Wisconsin Rapids . . 169,971 8,671 118,896 30,347 4,225 5,282 2,550 696 Wyoming Casper . . . . . 318,752 11,791 244,280 33,152 7,067 17,950 4,512 697 Cheyenne _ _ _ _ 356,333 10,813 274,966 46,490 7,938 14,004 2,122 698 Laramie . . . . . 183,652 5,926 139*486 23,966 6,862 6,305 1,107 699 Sheridan _ _ _ 218,158 7,861 152,779 22,332 8,865 6,699 19,622 Uncludes $12,081 commission on taxes formerly reported in fixed charges account, interest paid on school bonds issued by the city estimated at $461,136. sPayment made by city for redemption of bonds estimated at $264,135. included with current expenses, full-time day schools. 5 Data for 1937-38. ‘Tuition-supported summer school for which this small amount from public supplies. 7 Data for 1935-36. 8Data for 1940-41. Represents night school teachers’ salaries for 1 month. Remaining expenses 10Estimated. “Included in part-time and continuation schools. “All other expenditures for part-time and continuation schools included with current expense, full-time day schools. “Data for 1938-39. “Distribution between interest and other debt service payments estimated for purposes of comparability. Original report shows $464,529 as payment to sinking fund with no payments for interest or redemption of bonds indicated. 15No expenditures as summer school teachers are doing practice teaching from the University of Pennsylvania. “Distribution between part-time and continuation schools and night schools estimated. “Value of school bonds outstanding not available. “Data for 1933-34. “Data for white schools only. Statistics for Negro schools not available. “Distribution between interest and other debt service expenditures estimated. “Included in operation of plant. “Includes other auxiliary agencies and capital outlay for new equipment. “Capital outlay for new equipment included in maintenance of plant. “Includes 4 independent districts. “Data for vocational schools not included. funds is expended for supervision and paid by Night School Association. City School Systems 103 funds, and value of school property, by city, 1939-40 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION Part- time and continu¬ ation schools Night schools, including Ameri¬ caniza¬ tion classes Summer schools Debt service (Current funds only) Interest All other debt service Capital outlay Grand total of expendi¬ tures Bonds and sinking funds (thousands of dollars) School bonds out¬ standing Other forms of school debt Total amount in sinking funds 47 — 11 81 41 92 63 60 28 — Value of school property (thous¬ ands of dollars) 69,172 18,133 47,091 1,728 62,596 31,986 89,749 5,773 28,974 4,085 16,038 21,175 24,870 19,186 *34,532 21,148 01) *1,527 5,767 18,010 4,642 1,260 3,196 (u) 19,741 (“> 6,902 4,530 18,965 44,690 3,940 11,585 10,659 5,453 *6,735 3,323 6,658 5,018 6,438 18,531 19,651 1,909 *3,373 18.000 28,716 37,140 55,007 65,000 13,447 *17,000 *208 17,194 (“) 1,365 14,068 909 1,440 7,470 53,310 11,323 109,250 8,670 2,070 9,943 *11,000 37,840 15,007 10,428 37,901 i®24,075 21,872 23,000 45,000 31,625 26,000 6,495 38,000 99,000 75,000 5,600 73.718 45,500 32,111 2.318 10,749 10,674 1,300 1,328 16,581 8,408 17,428 1,332 42,239 8,376 22,115 26,098 14,817 9,770 4,084 8,730 6.401 9,901 43,603 15,263 1,695 89,329 327,166 231 519,833 154,082 157,103 504,297 164,113 198,688 506,897 468,02 601,710 202.063 217,033 164,014 283,752 561,926 223,178 235,128 217.880 167.582 432,707 424,281 702,401 296,389 389,149 572,789 534,893 285,761 103 149 142 100 567 470 91 *54 143 1,328 191 210 185 54 252 *275 1,024 260 181 1.015 535 469 617 2.630 1,070 674 675 676 677 678 67(P 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 695 697 U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1945—631112 1938-40 and 1940-42* STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER VIII FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION * Because of the war, some chapters of the Biennial Survey of Education, 1938-40, were delayed in printing. When data were available for 1940-42 they were com¬ bined for publication with those for 1938-40. The Statistics of Public-School Libraries 1941-42 is, there¬ fore, being included in the combination volume, as Chapter VIII. BIENNIAL SURVEYS OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1938-40 and 1940-42 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 1941-42 VOLUME II CHAPTER VIII By NORA E. BEUST Specialist in Libraries and EMERY M. FOSTER Chief , Division of Statistics FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY. Paul Y. McNutt, Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION John W. Studebaker, Commissioner The statistical volume of the Biennial Survey of Edu¬ cation is prepared under the general direction of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics. The general statistical editing and tabulating for this chapter were done by Mary M. Willhoite, Senior Statis¬ tical Clerk. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1945 For sate by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. G, Price 15c CONTENTS Page General findings _ _ ’ _ 1 Program for library statistics _ 2 General facts about number of reports received _ _ _ 3 Great increase of superintendents reporting _ 4 Regional distribution _ 6 Type of library service _ : _ 8 Type of school library service in various regions _ 11 Enrollments _ 12 Additional data from some systems _ 14 Library service at various educational levels _ 14 Number of volumes in libraries _ 15 Size of centralized libraries _ 16 Number of volumes per pupil _ 18 Volumes added in 1941-42 _ : _ 19 Librarians, full-time and part-time _ 20 Training of librarians in centralized libraries _ 21 Type of reference and reading service _ 23 Centralized school libraries serving the public _ 24 Administrative control of centralized libraries _ 25 Income for school libraries _ 26 Expenditures for school libraries _ 28 Size of libraries in terms of floor space _ 30 Data on summary tables _ 31 TABLES 1. Distribution of school systems by type and number, and percent reporting, 1934-35 and 1941-42 _ 5 2. Distribution of school systems, by type and number, and percent reporting, by region, 1941-42 _ 6 3. Number and percent of schools served, by type of service and type of school district in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 9 4. Number of schools in systems reporting, and number and percent served, by type of service and region in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ - _ 11 5. Number and percent of pupils served, by type of service and type of school district, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - 13 6. Number of pupils in systems reporting, and number and percent served, by type of service and region, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ - - - - - - - - 13 7. Number of schools by type of library service offered and educational level in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - _ - - - 14 8. Number and percent of volumes, by type of school district and type of library service in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - - — - — 15 9. Number of centralized libraries, by size and type of school district, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - — - - - 15 10. Number of centralized libraries, by size and region, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - - - - - - - — - : — 15 11. Number and percentage distribution of centralized libraries, by size of library and by educational level, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 18 12. Average number of volumes per pupil enrolled, by type of system and type of library service, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 — 18 13. Number of pupils and total and average number of volumes per pupil, by region and type of library service, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - - - — - - - ^ 14. Total number of volumes added and number added per library and per pupil enrolled, by type of school system and type of library service, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - — - ~ 20 15. Total number of volumes added and number added per library and per pupil, by region and by type of library service, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - — - — - 20 III IV CONTENTS Page 16. Number and percent of librarians in centralized libraries in schools of various educational levels, for school systems reporting, 1941-42_ 21 17. Number and percent of librarians in centralized libraries, by region and amount of library training, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 22 18. Number and percent of schools, reporting on up-to-date reference service, books for assigned reading, and books for leisure reading, by type of school system and type of library service in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - 24 19. Number and percent of centralized libraries, by region and type of service to the public, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 25 20. Number of centralized libraries, by region and type of control, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 26 21. Income for school libraries, by source, amount, and percentage distri¬ bution, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 27 22. Income for school libraries by source, amount, and percentage distri¬ bution by region, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 27 23. Expenditures for school libraries, purpose, amount, percentage distri¬ bution, and per pupil expenditure for school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ _ : _ _ 29 24. Expenditure for school libraries, purpose, amount, and percentage distribution, by region, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 30 25. Number of centralized libraries reported by size with number and percent of those having less than 1,250 square feet for library space, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 - - - _ 31 26. Number of schools and enrollments with library service and without library service in school systems reporting, 1941-42 _ 32 27. Number of schools and type of library service offered, 1941-42 _ 34 28. Number of pupils enrolled by type of school and library service offered, 1941-42 _ 36 29. Total number of volumes and number added, by type of school and library service offered, 1941-42 - 38 30. Number of librarians with specified training, and type of school served, 1941-42 _ 42 31. Number of centralized libraries, by size of library, and type of school, 1941-42 _ 1 _ 46 32. Number of libraries, by type of school and type of book service provided, 1941-42 _ i_ - 48 33. Number of centralized libraries by type of library and unit of control, 1941-42 _ 49 34. Income for school libraries, distributed as to source, 1941-42 _ 50 35. Expenditures for school libraries, distributed as to purpose, 1941-42 51 Appendix _ 52 FIGURES 1. Total number of schools reporting library services, 1934-35 and 1941-42 _ _ _ 4 2. Total number of questionnaires sent and usable replies, 1934-35 and 1941-42 _ : _ _ _ 5 3. Regional grouping of States used in this report _ 7 4. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries, by size of book collection, 1941-42 _ 17 5. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries by type of library, 1941-42 _ 25 6. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries, by type of control, 1941-42 _ 26 APPENDIX 1. Forms used in collecting data _ ! _ 52 2. List of other publications of the Office of Education containing statistics on school libraries _ 54 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES, 1941-42 General Findings BOOKS have long been an important factor in elementary and in secondary schools. However, only within recent times have educators rather widely recognized the added values of hav¬ ing books carefully selected and serviced by a librarian in coopera¬ tion with teachers and pupils to further the curriculum of the school. This study was undertaken with a view to obtaining some factual information regarding the status of the public-school library during the school year 1941-42. Data on enrollment and existence or nonexistence of library service were received from 6,077 school systems, 74.08 percent of all systems. The systems enrolled 16,351,365 public elementary and secondary pupils who have some type of library service and 704,643 who have no library service. The number of pupils in schools from which no reports were received is approximately 7,500,000. In the 4,368 school systems reporting on the type of library service available there was an enrollment of 13,379,618 pupils. The library book stock in these systems was 52,360,302 volumes, of which 2,990,352 were added in 1941-42. There was a staff of 5,238 full-time and 7,529 part-time librarians in the schools re¬ porting centralized libraries. Only 3,471 school systems reported income and expenditures for school library purposes. These systems reported a total income of $12,564,963 and total expenditures of $12,437,964 charged to library service (all types of library service included) . The average income for libraries was $3,620 per system, or $1.35 per pupil; and expenditures, $3,583 per system, or $1.34 per pupil. The actual cost of service reported for these systems is probably somewhat greater than the reported cost, since the salary cost is not charged to the library in many systems, but is included with teachers' salaries. The average school having library service during 1941-42 had 1,893 volumes, 4.51 per pupil, if it had a centralized library; 274 volumes, 3.05 per pupil, if it had “classroom collections only" ; and 256 volumes, 3.01 per pupil, if it had “loan collections only." Dur¬ ing the year, centralized libraries added 107 volumes per library, i 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 or 0.26 volumes per pupil, and the schools with “classroom collec¬ tions only” added 18 volumes per school, or 0.21 per pupil. In terms of educational levels 63,417 elementary schools with a gross enrollment of 7,787,376 pupils reported on type of library service. Of these schools 16.3 percent had centralized libraries and served 40.3 percent of these pupils; 68.0 per cent had “class¬ room collections only” and served 48.6 percent of these pupils; 11.5 percent had “loan collections only” and served 7.8 percent of these pupils ; and 4.2 percent of these elementary schools had no library facilities and housed 3.3 percent of these pupils. Of the 7,277 high schools reported with a gross enrollment of 4,238,233 pupils, 90.5 percent had centralized libraries and served 97.0 percent of these pupils ; 8.3 percent had “classroom collections only” and served 2.4 percent of these pupils ; 0.8 percent had “loan collections only” and served 0.3 percent of these pupils; and 0.4 percent had no library facilities and housed 0.3 percent of these pupils. Of the 4,068 combined elementary and high schools reported with a gross enrollment of 1,354,009 pupils, 81.3 percent had cen¬ tralized libraries and served 91.1 percent of these pupils; 15.2 percent had “classroom collections only” and served 7.7 percent of these pupils ; 2.9 percent had “loan collections only” and served 1.0 percent of these pupils; and 0.6 percent had no library facilities and housed 0.2 percent of these pupils. The reporting elementary schools had a total of 24,660,063 volumes, or 3.2 per pupil ; the high schools reported had a total of 21,095,817 volumes, or 5.0 per pupil; and the combined elementary and high schools reported had a total of 6,604,422 volumes, or 4.9 per pupil. Full- and part-time librarians reported as employed in central¬ ized elementary school libraries numbered 4,005 with a gross en¬ rollment of 3,139,640, or 784 pupils per librarian if the children were equally divided among the librarians employed; full- and part-time librarians reported for centralized high-school libraries numbered 6,305 with a gross enrollment of 4,108,361, or 652 pupils per librarian ; full- and part-time librarians reported for centralized libraries in combined elementary and high schools numbered 2,457, with a gross enrollment of 1,233,967, or 502 pupils per librarian. Program for Library Statistics The U. S. Office of Education began a series of separate com¬ prehensive compilations of library statistics, by type of library, with Statistics of Public-School Libraries , 1934-35.1 The second in i See appendix p. 54 for a list of publications of the U. S. Office of Education containing statistics on school libraries. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 3 the series was Public Library Statistics, 1938-39, and the third in the series was College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40. The present publication is the second report of comprehensive statistics of public elementary and secondary school libraries to appear as a separate study. The plan of the Office is to issue these compilations at periodic intervals so that school, college, and public library administrators and others will have available essential data necessary in formulating policies and planning for future library development in the United States. The purpose of this study is to report statistical data on the elementary and secondary public-school libraries in continental United States for the school year 1941-42. A questionnaire2 formu¬ lated by the Statistical and Library Service Divisions of the Office with the assistance of outside specialists in the field of school libraries was used to gather the data. Due to wartime conditions the questions on the form were limited to include only those that seemed to be of fundamental importance to those concerned with the status of school libraries. The questionnaire was sent to all school superintendents, city and rural, on record in the U. S. Office of Education in January 1942. A follow-up request2 was sent to the superintendents who did not respond to the questionnaire. The returned cards supplied information from 1,709 superintendents who did not specify type of library service, but gave information as to enrollments and schools with or without library service. General Facts About Number of Reports Received According to reports received from approximately three-fourths (74.08 percent) of the superintendents of city and rural districts, 91.93 percent of these school systems have some form of library service in their schools. This is a more complete report than that for the school year 1934-35 when usable replies were received from less than half (49.47 percent) of the superintendents to whom the questionnaire was sent. City systems to which the 1941-42 questionnaire was sent num¬ bered 3,247, and rural districts numbered 4,956. Designated as superintendents of rural districts are county superintendents in charge of systems in which both rural and urban schools are under one administrative head and superintendents of independent rural districts. Florida and West Virginia are organized entirely on the basis of county unit school systems and both city and rural schools receive the same library service. Louisiana and Maryland operate chiefly on the basis of county units, but school systems in certain cities in these States are independent of county organizations. 2 See Appendix. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 The total number of schools in all systems to which the ques¬ tionnaire was sent amounted to 208,235. Usable reports containing data in addition to enrollment and existence or nonexistence of library service were received from more than half (55.5 percent) of the total number of schools in the systems to which the ques¬ tionnaire was sent. City systems returned questionnaires cover¬ ing 19,292 schools and the rural districts reporting covered 92,211 schools. Some form of library service was reported for 102,502 of these schools (18,497 city and 84,005 rural), or 91.93 percent (fig. 1 and table 3). Only 9,001, or 8.07 percent, of the schools FIGURE 1. — Total number of schools reporting library service , 1934-35 and 1941-42 . reported by the superintendents were listed as having no library facilities. Of these, 795 are in city systems and 8,206 in rural dis¬ tricts. It should be especially noted that this 92 to 8 ratio of schools with and without library service covers only 55.5 percent, a little more than half of the schools. Library service in the schools not reporting is probably not as good as in those reporting. For the 1934-35 report, questionnaires were sent to 6,327 school systems of which 2,901 were designated as city systems; 3,180 as county with rural schools only; and 246 as county unit systems, that is, systems in which both rural and urban schools are under one administrative head. The last two categories are combined under the single term “rural districts” for comparative purposes as this is the term used in the present study. Great Increase of Superintendents Reporting The following table indicates the distribution of school systems by type, number, and percentage reporting in 1934-35 and 1941-42. ( See also fig. 2.) STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 5 TABLE 1. — Distribution of school systems , by type and number , and percent reporting , 1934-35 and 1941-42 Item Type of school system, 1934-35 Type of school system; 1941-42 All types City systems Rural districts All types City systems Rural districts Total number of questionnaires sent out, Con¬ 6,327 2,901 3,426 8.203 3,247 14,956 tinental U. S. Usable replies: Number.. _ .. _ _ _ 3,130 2,097 1,033 6,077 2,839 3,238 Percent - - - 49.47 72.29 30.15 74.08 87.43 65.33 FIGURE 2. — Total number of questionnaires sent out and usable replies , 1934-35 and 1941-42. It is encouraging to have the percent of usable replies increase from 49.47 to 74.08 percent. Superintendents reporting for the 1934-35 study numbered 3,130 and those reporting for the 1941-42 study numbered 6,077, or an increase of almost 100 percent in the actual number of superintendents reporting. This figure probably would have been even greater under normal condi¬ tions, but due to wartime shortages of personnel in the Office it was impossible to write the customary number of follow-up letters to superintendents. Then, too, some superintendents were unable to reply to the questionnaire owing to lack of personnel in their own offices. It is impossible to make a statement regarding the library serv¬ ice in the schools under the jurisdiction of the 25.92 percent of superintendents who did not respond to the questionnaire. Our records show that some cities of the first, second, and third popu¬ lation groups did not report, although schools in these cities are known to have library service. Information available also indicates that more than 8.07 percent of the public schools reporting in continental United States do not have library facilities. The results of the questionnaire leave in doubt the library service in 25.92 percent of the school systems not reported for the school year 1941-42. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Regional Distribution The 1934-35 report of statistics of public-school libraries made comparisons of the total number of school systems reporting, according to geographical regions used in enumerating United States Census data. It was believed that there would be interest in comparisons made on the basis of regions that approximate the territory in which regional accrediting associations for secondary schools operate (table 2 and fig. 3). There is no implication that these regional associations are in any way responsible for the number of superintendents reporting in the States covered by their associations. The distribution merely indicates the location, by region, of school systems re¬ porting. Regional associations have played an important part in extend¬ ing and in improving library service in the secondary schools of the United States. Their emphasis on standards for the school library has influenced State departments of public instruction to establish standards. The associations have also indirectly in¬ fluenced the growth of elementary school libraries as educators have found that pupils who have used a wide variety of readable library books in the elementary school bring to their secondary school studies highly desirable skills in the use of books and libraries and a rich background of reading. TABLE 2. — Distribution of school systems, by type and number , and percent reporting , by region , 1941-42 Region Total number reporting City systems Rural districts Percent total returns Total . _ . 6,077 2,839 3,238 100.00 Middle States... . . 917 669 248 15.09 New England . . . 396 189 207 6.51 North Central.. . 3,016 599 1,217 296 1,799 303 49.63 Northwest _ . 9.86 Southern . . . . 1,149 468 681 18.91 As far back as 1929 the accrediting associations realized that quantitative measurements should be supplemented with qualita¬ tive measurements in evaluating the services of a school. In 1933 the Co-operative Study of Secondary School Standards was organ¬ ized by the regional associations with the purpose expressed as follows : Quantity is even today ©f great importance, but quality is of still greater importance. It may be that a good quality of production is pos¬ sible without the necessity of meeting all the carefully developed, espe¬ cially prescribed, quantitative measures. To find the measure of quality is the first and most important reason for launching the study.3 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 7 The qualitative measurement which the Co-operative Study de¬ veloped for evaluating the school was designed to stimulate im¬ provement as well as to evaluate. The schedule on library service considered the practices of the library in terms of the philosophy and objectives of the school and also in terms of the needs of the pupil population and community. The criteria covered are much the same as the customary quantitative standards, but exact numerical specifications were not employed. FIGURE 3. — Regional grouping of States used in this report. Percentage of pupils covered in reports , by region Region Total enrollment Enrollment covered by this study Number Percent Continental United States . . 24,562,473 17,056,008 69 Middle States _ -- _ 4,965,662 4,147,512 764,432 6,341,943 1,701,174 4,100,947 84 New England _ _ - - 1,320,815 8,915,558 2,138,789 7,221,649 58 North Central _ . _ 71 Northwest - - _ _ _ - _ 80 Southern _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . 57 3 Carrothers, George. What Constitutes a Good Secondary School and by What Standards Should It Be Evaluated? Proceedings of the National Education Association, 1934, p. B06. Washington, D. C., The Association, 1934. The Middle States Association is using the evaluative criteria of the Co-operative Study and the North Central Association has qualitative standards. The regional associations listed below have jurisdiction for evaluating secondary schools in the States following their names with the exceptions noted. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Regional Associations: 1. Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania. 2. New England College Admissions Board Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. 3. North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 4. Northwest Association of Secondary and Higher Schools Alaska, California,4 Idaho, Montana,5 Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wash¬ ington. 5. Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia. Type of Library Service The questionnaire carried the following definitions pertaining to type of library service: A centralized library is one administered as a unit and usually located in one place. A classroom collection is a group of library books permanently housed in a single classroom and not administered from a centralized library. It was deemed advisable to print these definitions on the forms mailed to the superintendents since there was some uncertainty as to the exact meaning of these terms on the part of the superin¬ tendents when school library statistics for 1934-35 were reported. Although the definition did not appear on the questionnaire, a loan collection is usually defined as a group of books that are sent into a school for a specified length of time. “Classroom collections only” is the type of service available in 44,373 of the schools for which superintendents reported (table 3). This service is available in more than twice as many schools as are served by centralized libraries. It is difficult to point out the im¬ plications of the situation, but it may be assumed that many school superintendents do not have centralized libraries in their schools 4 California has been included in this region for expediency, though few of its secondary schools are evaluated by this Association. The State University does most of the evaluating. 5 Some of Montana’s secondary schools are evaluated by the North Central Association, but as a greater number are under the jurisdiction of the Northwest Association, Montana was included with this region. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 9 because of small budgets and difficulty of securing staff members. It may also be that superintendents have had no experience with centralized libraries that are organized to send collections of books to classrooms for specific purposes whenever needed. This may account for a seeming preference for “classroom collections only” rather than centralized libraries. TABLE 3 — Number and percent of schools served , by type of service and type of school district in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Type of service Total City systems Rural districts Total: Number _ _ 111,503 19,292 92,211 Percent _ _ _ _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total schools served: Number . . . . 102,502 18,497 84,005 Percent . . . . 91.93 95.88 91.10 Centralized libraries: Number.. _ _ 20,229 9,242 10,987 Percent . . . . . . 18.14 47.91 11.91 Classroom collections only: Number . . . . . 44,373 6,762 37,611 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39.80 35.05 40.79 Loan collections only: Number _ _ _ _ _ 7,450 896 6,554 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.68 4.64 7.11 Service not specified: Number . . . . 30,450 1,597 28,853 Percent . . . . . . . 27.31 8.28 31.29 No library facilities: Number - - - - - 9,001 795 8,206 Percent. . . . . . . . 8.07 4.12 8.90 “Loan collections only” served approximately one-sixth as many schools as are served by “classroom collections only” (table 3). Here again it is impossible to make a positive statement as to the implications of these data, but it may be that superintendents have found that it is imperative to have some books housed in the school permanently instead of relying entirely upon books that are only loaned to the school for a stated period. The information as to type of library service supplied is avail¬ able for only 72,052 of the 102,502 schools in systems reported as having library facilities. Due to shortage of office personnel many superintendents reported that’ they were unable to furnish data requested. About 1 in every 2 schools in cities had centralized libraries, while only 1 in every 9 schools in rural areas were served by centralized libraries. “Loan collections only” were reported in less than 5 percent of the schools in city systems reporting and in approximately 7 percent of the schools in rural districts. The presence of library service but not the type was reported from more than one-fourth of the total schools. Superintendents of rural districts reported about 1 in every 3 of their schools 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 with library service but without specifying the type, and superin¬ tendents of city systems reported about 1 in every 12 of their schools in a like manner. No data were requested on the number and location of county libraries organized to serve schools on a county-wide basis through loan collections. Data requested do not show the size of the county library as such, the staff, total volumes, etc. They show only service in loan collections to schools. Letters were received from superintendents explaining county organization in various sections of the United States. Excerpts from some of the letters that give details of the administration of county library service follow : We serve all of the elementary schools in this County of which there are 25. We have about 40,000 books in the school department for them to draw from; also have access to the books in the general collection. We supply all of the supplementary texts adopted by the County Board of Education and reading table collections, upon request from the teachers. These books may be kept in the classroom as long as they are needed. The home-reading collections are kept about 3 Y2 months and are then exchanged for a new collection. ( California .) The County School Library is housed in the office of the County Super¬ intendent of Schools and is located in the Court House. It serves 61 county schools which include high schools and rural, state-graded, and parochial schools. It is a traveling library as well as a circulating library, and is composed of about two-thirds text-books and one-third library books. The traveling library leaves the library in September and travels in circuits to the various schools each month. The books return to the centralized library in May to be checked. Teachers are permitted to draw books from the central library every day and Saturday mornings. (Wisconsin.) Ninety-six elementary schools are served by the bookmobile which cir¬ culates books from one school to another each 2 weeks. About 32 books are left at each school each 2 weeks, during the school year. This gives each of the 96 schools about 400 to 500 different books each school year of 8 months. These books are circulated from the court house. The opera¬ tor of the bookmobile drives an ordinary touring car and has only one set of about 32 books in the car at one time, except during the first 2 weeks at the opening and closing of school when it is necessary to dis¬ tribute the books and collect them. (Illinois.) Our county system consists of 79 one-room schools and 6 state-graded and 2 village schools. Their classroom libraries vary in size from 115 volumes to 2,700. In addition to this we have a county library which has several substations. The library has approximately 30,000 volumes. Teachers may take out book assortments varying in size upon their needs and the enrollment in their schools. Books may be kept as long as the teacher wishes to use them. This situation makes it possible for teachers to have a very fine assortment of reference materials as well as leisure- tiipe reading. City libraries are also available to the teachers in the county. (Wisconsin.) STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 11 The library service to the rural schools is given by the county library. Books are purchased from funds from the rural schools by the county librarian. These books are processed and housed in what we call our headquarters. Books are circulated to 28 rural schools by bookmobile. Three schools are served by school stations maintained by the county library service. Collections are loaned to each classroom for the 31 schools for a period of 5 weeks. This collection includes reference mate¬ rial and books for assigned and leisure reading. Beginning with the third grade each pupil has an opportunity to select his or her own books from the bookmobile shelves with the aid of the librarian. Total collec¬ tion 26,342 volumes. This includes adult books also. About 20,000 volumes in this collection are children’s books for the use of the children in the rural schools. ( Minnesota .) Details of administration of county library service supplied by superintendents indicate that mobile book collections make it possible for schools in sparsely settled areas to have the use of more books than if each school depended upon its own collection. Type of School Library Service in Various Regions Superintendents in the Northeast region reported the highest percentage of schools served by centralized libraries (26.57 per¬ cent) in any area (table 4) . The Middle States area follows very closely with 24.77 percent. “Classroom collections only” are the type of specified service which predominates in the schools of each of the areas designated, varying from more than half in the New England region to more than a fourth in the Southern region. “Loan collections only” serve the smallest percentage of schools reported in each region. The Northwest region reported the larg- TABLE 4. — Number of schools in systems reporting , and number and percent served , by type of service and region in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Type of service Total Middle States New England North Central North¬ west Southern Total: Number . 111,503 100.00 14,399 100.00 5,024 100.00 62,978 100.00 7,050 100.00 22,052 100.00 Percent _ _ . Total served: Number.. _ _ _ 102,502 13,291 4,345 59,718 6,718 18,430 83.57 Percent . . . . 91.93 92.31 86.49 94.83 95.29 Centralized libraries: Number _ _ 20,229 18.14 3,566 691 9,892 1,873 4,207 19.08 Percent _ _ _ _ 24.77 13.75 15.71 26.57 Classroom collections only: Number _ _ _ _ 44,373 39.80 6,682 46.41 2,866 26,796 2,288 5,741 26.03 Percent . . . . . 57.05 42.55 32.45 Loan collections only: Number . . . . . 7,450 6.68 696 335 3,508 5.57 847 2,064 9.36 Percent... . 4.83 6.67 12.01 Service not specified: Number _ _ 30,450 27.31 2,347 16.30 453 19,522 31.00 1,710 6,418 Percent . . . .. 9.02 24.26 29.10 No library facilities: Number _ _ _ _ _ 9,001 1,108 679 3,260 332 3,622 16.43 Percent . . . 8.07 7.69 13.51 5.17 4.71 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 est percentage of schools in any area served by “loan collections only” (12.01 percent). Enrollments It is of interest to look at the situation in terms of total enroll¬ ments. According to U. S. Office of Education statistics, there were 18,174,668 elementary and 6,387,805 secondary pupils, or a total of 24,562,473 enrolled in publicly controlled schools during the year 1941-42. Of this number 17,056,008, or 69.4 percent, were covered by replies from 6,077 superintendents. Boys and girls reported as receiving some form of library service number 16,- 351,365, or 95.87 percent of the pupils included in the usable re¬ ports. The pupils reported as having no library facilities number 704,643, or 4.13 percent of the total covered by usable replies. Probably a larger percentage of the 7,500,000 pupils not covered in these replies were without library facilities. The reported distribution of pupils enrolled in the city systems and rural districts replying was as follows: 97.80 percent in city systems and 93.34 percent in rural districts with some kind of library facilities; and 2.20 percent in city systems and 6.66 per¬ cent in rural districts with no library facilities. The largest number of pupils, 8,481,968, or almost half for whom service was reported, are served by centralized libraries. City systems serve 2 out of 3 of their pupils through centralized li¬ braries, 1 out of 4 of their pupils through “classroom collections only,” and about 1 in 33 of their pupils through “loan collections only.” Rural districts serve fewer than 1 in 3 of their pupils through centralized libraries; fewer than 1 in 4 of their pupils through “classroom collections only”; and about 1 in 25 of their pupils through “loan collections only.” No library facilities were available to about 1 in 50 pupils in the city schools and to but 3 in 50 in rural school systems (table 5). The largest proportion of pupils reported as receiving any form of library service (97.54 percent) are within the North Central region. Service through centralized libraries was supplied to approximately half of these (47.84 percent). The Middle States region supplies library service to althost 60 percent of the pupils through centralized libraries, and the Northwest region reports that almost 55 percent of the pupils are served through centralized libraries (table 6). Service through “classroom collections only” is found in greatest percentage of schools (34.64 percent) in the New England region STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 13 and in smallest percentage in the Northwest (18.37 percent) and the Southern region (18.50 percent). Service through “loan collections only” is also found in greatest percentage in the New England region (7.80 percent) and the smallest percentage (2.36 percent) in the Middle States region. TABLE 5 —Number and percent of pupils served , by type of service and type of school district , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Type of service Total City systems Rural districts Total: Number . . . . . . 17,056,008 9,675,934 7,380,074 Percent . . . .. __ _ 100.00 100.00 100.00 Total served: Number . . . . . . . 16,351,365 9,462,855 6,888,510 Percent . . . . . 95.87 97.80 93.34 Centralized libraries: Number . . .. 8,481,968 6,261,848 2,220,120 Percent . . . . 49.73 64.72 30.08 Classroom collections only: Number... _ _ _ _ _ 3,987,365 2,329,471 1,657,894 Percent _ _ _ 23.38 24.07 22.46 Loan collections only: Number _ _ _ _ _ 634,470 332,814 301,656 Percent - - - - - 3.72 3.44 4.09 Service not specified: Number. . . . . 3,247,562 538.722 2,708,840 Percent . . . . . 19.04 5.57 36.71 No library facilities: Number. . . . . . . 704,643 213,079 491,564 Percent - - - - 4.13 2.20 6.66 Library service without type specified was reported for the greatest percentage (28.39 percent) of pupils in the Southern re¬ gion and for the smallest percentage (7.02 percent) of pupils in the New England region. TABLE 6. — Number of pupils in systems reporting , and number and percent served , by type of service and region in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Type of service Total Middle States New England North Central North¬ west Southern Total: Number _ .. _ _ 17,056,008 100.00 4,147,512 100.00 764,432 100.00 6,341,943 100.00 1,701,174 100.00 4,100,947 100.00 Percent _ . Total served: Number _ _ _ 16,351,365 4,000,516 96.46 711,825 6,186,107 97.54 1,649,897 96.99 3,803,020 92.73 Percent _ 95.87 93.12 Centralized libraries: Number _ 8,481,968 49.73 2,442,661 58.90 333,769 43.66 3,033,795 47.84 928,314 54.57 1,743,429 42.51 Percent _ Classroom collections only: Number _ _ _ 3,987,365 23.38 1,126,395 27.16 264,818 34.64 1,524,968 24.04 312,432 18.37 758,752 18.50 136,528 3.33 Percent _ Loan collections only: Number.. . _ _ _ 634,470 3.72 97,991 2.36 59,605 7.80 227,778 3.59 112,568 6.62 Percent _ .. Service not specified: Number _ _ _ 3,247,562 19.04 333,469 53,633 7.02 1,399,566 22.07 296,583 17.43 1,164,311 28.39 Percent _ 8.04 No library facilities: Number _ _ 704,643 4.13 146,996 3.54 52,607 6.88 155,836 2.46 51,277 3.01 297,927 7.27 Percent _ _ _ 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 No library facilities were reported for the greatest percentage of pupils in the Southern region (7.27 percent) . The smallest per¬ centage of pupils with no library facilities were reported from the Northwest region (3.01 percent). Additional Data from Some Systems Tables 1 through 6 and table 26 include data from 1,709 systems that did not specify the type of library service offered although information was given as to enrollments and schools with or with¬ out library service. Tables 7 to 25 and 27 to 34 do not include any data for these 1,709 systems. Library Service at Various Educational Levels The type of library service rendered varies greatly with the level of education of the school and its location in a city or in rural territory. In elementary schools in city systems about 1 in 4 libraries was centralized, but only 1 in 10 was centralized in rural districts. Half of the elementary school libraries in cities were “classroom collections only,” but almost three-fourths fall in this category in rural elementary schools. Both the high school and the combined elementary and high school in city systems have a centralized library in more than 9 out of 10 cases, but in rural areas in only about 8 out of 10 cases (table 7) . TABLE 7. — Number of schools , by type of library service offered and educational level in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Educational Level Type of service City system Rural districts Total Ele¬ mentary schools High schools Combina¬ tion ele¬ mentary and high school Total Ele¬ mentary schools High schools Combina¬ tion ele¬ mentary and high school Total: Number. . . 17,270 13,043 3,791 436 57,492 50,374 3,486 3,632 Percent . . . 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Centralized libraries: Number _ _ 9,242 5,165 3,663 414 10,987 5,167 2,924 2,896 Percent _ _ _ 53.52 39.60 96.62 94.95 19.11 10.26 83.88 79.74 Classroom collections only: Number _ _ _ 6,762 6,653 93 16 37,611 36,495 515 601 Percent _ _ _ 39.15 51.01 2.45 3.67 65.42 72.45 14.77 16.55 Loan collections only: Number _ _ _ 896 878 17 1 6,554 6,400 38 116 Percent . . . 5.19 6.73 .45 .23 11.40 12.70 1.09 3.19 No library facilities: Nujnber _ _ _ 370 347 18 5 2,340 2,312 9 19 Percent . . . 2.14 2.66 • 48 1.15 4.07 4.59 .26 .52 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 15 Number of Volumes in Libraries The total number of volumes reported in use by school libraries is 52,360,302 (table 8) for the 13,103,803 pupils enrolled in school systems reporting type of library service (table 27) . A volume was defined on the questionnaire as — “A printed work, bound or un¬ bound, which has been recorded or cataloged and made available for library use.” If the volumes reported could be distributed equally among the pupils enrolled, there would be an average of approximately 4 books per pupil. Quantitative standards of the Southern Association call for 500 well-selected books for secondary schools of enrollments of 100 or fewer students and for a proportional increase of books for larger enrollments. The 13,103,803 pupils for whom data are available on number of volumes in school libraries which serve them are only 53.34 percent of the pupils enrolled in the publicly controlled elementary and secondary schools in the United States for the school year 1941-42. The number of books to which the other 46.66 percent of the pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools have access through school libraries is not available. Since there was an increase of approximately 100 percent in the actual number of superintendents reporting data for this study in comparison with the number submitting questionnaires for the 1934-35 study of school libraries, it is expected that the next study will yield even greater returns in statistical data as reports from individual States indicate a growing interest in the importance of school libraries. Centralized school libraries have 79.10 percent of the books available to pupils in city systems and 62.91 percent of the books available to pupils in rural districts. TABLE 8. — Number and percent of volumes , by type of school district and type of library service in school systems reporting , 1941-42 System Total number of volumes Volumes in — Centralized libraries Classroom collections only Loan collections only Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total' . . . 52,360,302 38,292,644 73.13 12,158,669 23.22 1,908,989 3.65 City systems _ 33,061,966 26,151,384 79.10 6,189,974 18.72 720,608 2.18 Rural districts . . 19,298,336 12,141,260 62.91 5,968,695 30.93 1,188,381 6.16 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Size of Centralized Libraries One-third of the centralized libraries (34.81 percent) reported from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes and only about one-fourth (26.23 percent) had fewer than 500 volumes.6 In city school systems one- third of these libraries have 3,000 volumes or more, but in rural school systems fewer than 1 in every 10 libraries are this large (table 9) . TABLE 9. — Number of centralized libraries , by size and type of school district, in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Size Total Percent City systems Rural districts Number Percent Number Percent Total . . . Fewer than 500 volumes . 500 to 999 . 1,000 to 2 ,999 . . 3,000 to 4, 999 . . . . 5,000 to 9, 999 . . 10,000 or more . . . Median size _ _ 20,229 100.00 9,243 100.00 10,986 100.00 5,306 3,935 7,042 2,283 1,363 300 26.23 19.45 34.81 11.29 6.74 1.48 764 1,452 4,040 1,563 1,145 279 8.26 15.71 43.71 16.91 12.39 3.02 4,542 2,483 3,002 720 218 21 41.34 22.60 27.33 6.55 1.99 .19 1,247 1,893 2,189 2,807 692 1,105 Average size _ _ _ The Northwest region has a larger proportion (17.57 percent) of its centralized libraries with 5,000 volumes, or more than any other region, and the North Central region has a larger propor¬ tion (54.08 percent) of its libraries with fewer than 1,000 volumes (table 10). TABLE 10. — Number of centralized libraries, by size and region, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 Number of volumes Tota 1 number Region of Fewer 500 1,000 3,000 5,000 10,000 libraries than to to to to or 500 999 2,999 4,999 9,999 more Total. . . . 20,229 5,306 3,935 7,042 2,283 1,363 300 Middle States . 3,566 401 637 1,557 612 305 54 New England . 691 187 192 216 67 26 3 North Central . 9,892 3,610 1,740 2,947 887 549 159 Northwest . . . 1,873 263 375 658 248 283 46 Southern . 4,207 845 991 1,664 469 ~ 200 38 PERCENT Middle States . . 100.00 11.25 17.86 43.66 17.16 8.55 1.52 New England . . . 100.00 27.06 27.79 31.26 9.70 3.76 .43 North Central . . . . . . 100.00 36.49 17.59 29.79 8.97 5.55 1.61 Northwest . . . 100.00 14.04 20.02 35.13 13.24 15.11 2.46 Southern . . . . . 100.00 20.09 23.56 39.55 11.15 4.75 .90 6 In the 1934-35 report the largest number of centralized libraries (17,104) were in the fewer-than-5 00- volume group. This was probably due to the fact that no definition of “cen¬ tralized library” was included on the questionnaire used in 1936 and many classroom or loan collections were reported as centralized libraries. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 17 More than 2 out of every 5 (42.07 percent) of the elementary schools had libraries with fewer than 500 volumes. About 1 out of 3 (36.66 percent) high-school libraries had from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes, and 1 out of 5 (20.94 percent) had from 3,000 to 4,999 volumes. In general, the combined elementary and high school has a larger library than the elementary school, but smaller than the high school (table 11) . It is generally believed that a library of 500 volumes is the smallest collection that can satisfactorily serve a school with an enrollment of 100 or fewer students. Desirable service is possible with this small number of volumes only if the books are carefully selected to provide up-to-date reference material, to provide inter¬ esting and pertinent information for assigned reading designed to enrich the school’s curriculum, and to provide a variety of leisure reading that will help pupils see the relation of books to living. The school library also needs to be reinforced with the resources of the public library if reading is to be encouraged as a desirable community activity (fig. 4) . FIGURE 4. — Percentage distribution of centralized libraries , by size of book collection, 1941-42 . 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 TABLE 11. — Number and percentage distribution of centralized libraries , by size of library and by educational level , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Site Number reporting Elementary schools High schools Combination elementary- high schools Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total... . . . Fewer than 500 volumes . . 500 to 999 . . . 1,000 to 2, 999 _ _ _ _ 3,000 to 4, 999.... . . 5,000 to 9, 999 . . 10,000 or more . . . . 20,229 10,332 100.00 6,587 100.00 3,310 100.00 5,306 3,935 7,042 2,283 1,363 300 4,347 2,047 3,194 493 233 18 42.07 19.81 30.91 4.77 2.26 .18 522 1,032 2,415 1,379 985 254 7.92 15.67 36.66 20.94 14.95 3.86 437 856 1,433 411 145 28 13.20 25.86 43.29 12.42 4.38 .85 Number of Volumes per Pupil The average number of volumes in centralized libraries per pupil enrolled during the school year 1941-42 is 4.51. This shows an in¬ crease of .58 volume over the 3.93 volumes available in the school year 1934-35. The average number of volumes per pupil served by “classroom collections only” is 3.05 and that per pupil served by “loan collec¬ tions only” 3.01. The highest average number of volumes per pupils reported is 5.47 in rural districts for pupils having access to centralized libraries. The county unit organizations with their large schools and centralized libraries serving both the city and rural schools help to produce this high average for the “rural districts” served by centralized libraries. The next highest aver¬ age number is also in centralized libraries in city systems, or 4.18 volumes per pupil (table 12) . TABLE 12. — Average number of volumes per pupil enrolled , by type of system and type of library service , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 System Total Centralized libraries Classroom collections only Loan collections only Total . 3.91 4.51 3.05 3.01 City systems . . . . 3.65 4.18 2.66 2.16 Rural districts . . . . . . 4.46 5.47 3.60 3.94 The highest average number of books per pupil made available through centralized libraries, “classroom collections only” and “loan collections only,” respectively, is in the Northwest region (table 13). It will be noted that, in general, students having access to centralized libraries have the use of more books (4.51 volumes per pupil) than those with “classroom collections only” (3.05 volumes per pupil) or “loan collections only” (3.01 volumes per pupil). STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 19 The two exceptions, according to tabulations by regions are re¬ ported from the New England area and the Northwest area with an average of 1.99 volumes and 8.48 volumes, respectively, in “loan collections only” versus 1.55 volumes and 6.42 volumes, re¬ spectively, in “classroom collections only.” This may be explained by the fact that California is included in the Northwest region. Rural schools in this State are generously provided with books through a system of loans from county libraries. New England is another region in which many books are distributed to schools in the form of loan collections ; for example, through the four regional libraries in Vermont. TABLE 13. — Number of pupils and total and average number of volumes per pupil , by region and type of library service , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Region Centralized libraries Classroom collections only Loan collections only Number of pupils Number of volumes Average Number of pupils Number of volumes Average Number of pupils Number of volumes Average Total . 8,481,968 38,292,644 4.51 3,987,365 12,158,669 3.05 634,470 1,908,989 3.01 Middle States . . 2,442,661 8,545,085 3.50 1,126,395 1,956,635 1.74 97,991 133,728 1.36 New England _ 333,769 1,013,684 3.04 264,818 410,841 1.55 59,605 118,398 1.99 North Central . 3,033,795 16,152,395 5.38 1,524,968 5,863,239 • 3.84 227,778 494,887 2.17 Northwest . . 928,314 5,054,551 5.44 312,432 2,006,531 6.42 112,568 955,033 8.48 Southern _ 1,743,429 7,526,929 4.32 758,752 1,921,423 2.53 136,528 206,943 1.52 Volumes Added in 1941-42 During the 1941-42 school year 2,990,352 volumes were reported as being added to school libraries making a total of 52,360,302 volumes (table 8) in public elementary and secondary schools re¬ porting. Centralized libraries were credited with adding 2,167,328 volumes. It is of interest to note that in 1934-35 centralized li¬ braries were reported as adding a little more than a quarter of a book per pupil (.26 volume). The same portion of a book was re¬ ported in 1941-42. An average of 107 books were added to each of the centralized libraries reported in 1941-42. This represents an increase of 39 books over the average number reported added in 1934-35. An average of 18 books per school reporting “classroom collections only” was added during 1941-42 (table 14). The largest average number of volumes added per centralized library in any one region for the school year 1941-42 was 154 in the area of the Middle States. The highest average number of volumes added per pupil to centralized libraries was .30 volumes in the North Central region. The largest average number of volumes added per school with “classroom collections only” was 32 in the Southern area. The 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 highest average number of volumes added per pupil to schools with “classroom collections only” was .52 in the Northwest region. TABLE 14. — Total number of volumes added and number added per library and per pupil enrolled , by type of school system and type of library service , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 System Centralized libraries Classroom collections only Number of volumes Per library Per pupil Number of volumes Per school Per pupil Total . . 2,167,528 107 0.26 823,024 18 0.21 City systems . . 1,570,709 170 .25 455,384 67 .19 Rural districts . 596,619 54 .27 367,640 10 .22 This region also had the smallest average number of volumes (7) added per collection (table 15). TABLE 15. — Total number of volumes added and number added per library and per pupil , by region and by type of library service , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Centralized libraries Classroom collections only Region Volumes added Per library Per pupil Volumes added Per school Per pupil Total . 2,167,328 107 0.26 823,024 18 0.21 Middle States _ 548,117 34,211 154 .22 121,264 22,347 334,334 163,349 181,730 18 .11 New England .. _ 49 .10 8 .08 North Central . . 918,237 213,221 453,542 93 .30 12 .22 Northwest . . . . 114 .23 7 .52 Southern . _ . . . 108 .26 32 .24 Librarians, Full-time and Part-time The total number of librarians reported in 1941-42 was 12,767. Of this number, 41.03 percent are employed full-time in comparison with 30.28 percent employed as reported in 1934-35. The gain in proportion of full-time librarians reported is especially encourag¬ ing as categories of specified training in library science for libra¬ rians were included for the first time on the 1941-42 questionnaire. The present data show that only 12,767 librarians, full- or part- time were employed in the 20,229 centralized libraries reported. It must also be noted that more than one librarian was reported for some schools. The lack of librarians and especially the lack of professionally trained full-time librarians is one of the greatest needs that must be supplied if schools are to have effective library service. In examining the distribution of librarians by the educational level of the school in which they work, it appears that in elemen¬ tary and combined elementary and high schools about one in four STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 21 are full-time librarians, but in high schools more than one in two spend their entire time on library service. There is quite a different situation in city and rural school systems. In city high schools three in four librarians are full-time, but in rural high schools three in four are part-time (table 16) . TABLE 16. — Number and percent of librarians in centralized libraries in schools of various educational levels , for school systems reporting , 1941-42 System Total Elementary schools High schools Combination elementaryi high school Total: 12,767 100.00 4,005 100.00 6,305 100.00 2,457 100.00 Total full-time: Number _ .. . 5,238 41.03 954 3,668 58.18 616 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ 23.82 25.07 Total part-time: Number.. . . . 7,529 58.97 3,051 76.81 2,637 41.82 1,841 74.93 Percent _ _ City systems: Total: Number _ _ _ _ 7,436 100.00 2,845 10ft. 00 4,166 100.00 425 Percent _ 100.00 Full-time: Number.. . . . 4,200 56.48 865 3,092 74.22 243 Percent _ _ _ 30.40 57.18 Part-time: Number . . . . .. 3,236 43.52 1,980 69.60 1,074 25.78 182 Percent _ .. 42.82 Rural districts: Total: Number _ 5,331 100.00 1,160 100.00 2,139 100.00 2,032 100.00 Percent _ Full-time: Number _ _ _ . 1,038 19.47 89 576 373 Percent.. . 7.67 26.93 18.36 Part-time: Number . _ 42.93 1,071 92.33 1,563 73.07 1,659 81.64 Percent _ _ . 80.53 The chief cause of the large number of part-time librarians is too small a student body to justify the full-time service of a librarian. The remedy for part-time service is, therefore, larger schools which in many cases means larger school administrative units, consolidated schools, and transportation. Another satisfac¬ tory solution is the full-time itinerant librarian who serves two or more schools. Training of Librarians in Centralized Libraries An effort was made to secure information as to the number of full-time librarians with specified training in library science and the number of part-time librarians with specified training in library science. This was deemed important data in the tabulation of statistics for school libraries. Four categories were set up for 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 the amount of professional training possessed by full-time or part- time librarians : (1) 24 semester hours or more ; (2) 15-23 semester hours; (3) 6-14 semester hours; (4) less than 6 hours or no special training. The semester hour was defined on the questionnaire as follows : A semester hour is defined as the equivalent of one recitation per week for a semester (18 weeks). If your credits are in term of quarter hours, transpose them to semester hours by multiplying by 2/3. It is of interest to note that 67.74' percent of the full-time li¬ brarians reported in centralized libraries had 24 semester hours or more of professional library training. For part-time librarians the highest percentage (58.68 percent) had less than 6 semester hours of training. The highest percentage of school libraries in any region with 24 semester hours of library training was in the Middle States region (81.41 percent) and the highest percentage of part-time librarians with this degree of training was in the Northwest region (12.32 percent), but, in general, about 50 to 60 percent of the part-time librarians in all regions had had less than 6 semester hours of library training (table 17). TABLE 17. — IS umber and percent of librarians in centralized libraries , by- region and amount of library training , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Region Total 24 semester hours 15-23 semester hours 6-14 semester hours Less than 6 hours or no library training Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Total: Number _ 5,238 100.00 7,529 100.00 3,548 67.74 833 453 571 571 1,707 22.67 666 4,418 58.68 Percent _ 11.06 8.65 7.59 10.90 12.71 Middle States: N umber _ 1,366 100.00 1,642 100.00 1,112 81.41 177 101 157 55 229 98 1,079 65.71 Percent... . 10.78 7.39 9.56 4.03 13.95 7.17 New England: Number _ 129 192 84 23 9 16 13 35 23 118 Percent . 100.00 100.00 65.11 11.98 6.98 8.33 10.08 18.23 17.83 61.46 North Central: Number.. . 2,045 100.00 3,040 100.00 1,153 56.38 397 324 216 214 327 719 349 1,783 Percent _ 10.66 10.56 7.04 15.99 23.65 17.07 58.65 Northwest: Number _ 564 779 96 44 44 62 159 61 480 Percent _ _ 100.00 100.00 70.39 12.32 7.80 5.65 10.99 20.41 10.82 61.62 Southern: Number.. 1,134 100.00 1,876 100.00 802 213 83 140 114 565 135 958 Percent _ 11.91 11.35 10.05 7.46 7.32 30.12 70.72 51.07 The trained librarian is skilled in making books available to pupils and teachers through the organization of the library and her knowledge of the curriculum in relation to the library’s re¬ sources and the school’s clientele. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 23 The importance of the numerical adequacy and of sufficient library training of librarians to handle this work properly is indi¬ cated by the following checklists on schedule “F” of the Co-opera¬ tive Study of Secondary School Standards :7 Numerical adequacy . ( ) 1. Some one staff member is definitely charged with responsibility for the library. ( ) 2. The librarian is allowed adequate time for library duties. ( ) 3. The librarian is adequately provided with library assistants. ( ) 4. The librarian is adequately provided with clerical help. Library training. The professional preparation of the library staff is characterized by: ( ) 1. Thorough and extensive preparation and training in organiza¬ tion and management of the library. ( J 2. Thorough and extensive preparation and training in selecting, classifying, cataloging, and shelving books. ( ) 3. Thorough acquaintance with magazines and periodicals and their appropriateness for secondary schools. ( ) 4. Adequate preparation in collecting and organizing pamphlets, bulletins, visual aids, and other similar materials. ( ) 5. Library training in a library school which requires the equiv¬ alent of the baccalaureate degree for admission and gives at least a year of library training for a graduate degree in library science. Type of Reference and Reading Service According to replies to the question — Number of libraries which provide: (a) Up-to-date reference service; (b) Books for assigned reading; and (c) Books for leisure reading — the greatest number of schools with these services are those having centralized li¬ braries. City systems reported that 92.83 percent of the libraries providing up-to-date reference are centralized. Rural districts reported that 64.40 percent of the libraries with up-to-date refer¬ ence service are centralized. Libraries providing books for assigned reading are also reported most often in centralized libraries, namely, 7,948, or 91.70 percent, in city systems and 12,821, or 65.56 percent, in rural districts. Though book service for leisure reading was also reported most often from schools having centralized libraries, the percentage is not as great as for the other two services, indicating that many “classroom collections only” and “loan collections only” also pro¬ vide books for leisure reading (table 18) . 7 Co-operative Study of Secondary School Standards. Library Service F. Washington, D. C., Co-operative Study of Secondary School Standards (744 Jackson Place) 1939. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 It should be noted, however, that only 23.81 percent, less than one-fourth, of the total number of schools reporting the type of library facilities are included in replies to the question on up-to- date reference ; 28.82 percent to the question on books for assigned reading; and 31.84 percent to the question on books for leisure reading. Apparently most superintendents do not consider that their school libraries are equipped to carry on these important functions. TABLE 18. — Number and percent of schools , reporting on up-to-date reference service , books for assigned reading , and books for leisure reading , by type of school system and type of library service in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Service provided System Up-to-date reference service Books for assigned reading Books for leisure reading Total: Number reporting . . . . _ . 17,156 20,769 22,944 Centralized libraries: Number . . . . . 13,021 15,694 16,545 Percent _ _ _ _ _ .. _ 75.90 75.56 72.11 Classroom collections only and loan collections only: Number . 4,135 5,075 6,399 Percent . 24.10 24.44 27.89 City systems: N umber reporting . . . . 6,936 7,948 8,452 Centralized libraries: Number . . . . . .. 6,439 7,288 7,637 Percent _ _ _ _ _ 92.83 91.70 90.36 Classroom collections only and loan collections only: Number . 497 660 815 Percent . . . 7.17 8.30 8.64 Rural districts: Number reporting . . . 10,220 12,821 14,492 Centralized libraries: Number . . . 6,582 8,406 8,908 Percent . . . . . 64.40 65.56 61.47 Classroom collections only and loan collections only: Number.. . . . . . . 3,638 4,415 5,584 Percent . . . . 35.60 34.44 38.53 Centralized School Libraries Serving the Public School libraries not open to the public continue to be the pre¬ vailing type of centralized library in public schools. The total number reporting no service to the public is 16,375, or 81 percent, in contrast to 3,854, or 19 percent, open to the public for service. The percentage of school libraries reported by superintendents of rural districts as open to the public exceeds the percentage reported by city systems in each of the regions. For all centralized school libraries reported, about 1 in 10 is open to the public in city sys¬ tems and more than 1 in 4 in the rural districts (table 19) . This is STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 25 probably due to the fact that in many rural areas the school has the only library facilities available (fig. 5). FIGURE 5. — Percentage distribution of centralized libraries , by type of library , 1941-42. TABLE 19. — Number and percent of centralized libraries , by region and type of service to the public , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Service Regions City systems Rural districts Total Libraries open to the public Libraries not open to the public Total Libraries open to the public Libraries not open to the public Total: Number _ _ 9,242 933 8,309 10,987 100.00 2,921 26.59 8,066 73.41 Percent _ _ _ 100.00 10.10 89.90 Middle States: Number _ _ _ 2,326 106 2,220 95.44 1,240 100.00 256 984 Percent . 100.00 4.56 20.65 79.35 New England: Number _ 455 17 438 236 23 213 Percent . . . 100.00 3.74 96.26 100.00 9.75 90.25 North Central: Number _ 3,633 100.00 452 3,181 87.56 6,259 100.00 1,871 29.89 4,388 70.11 Percent. . . . 12.44 Northwest: Number _ 1,092 100.00 33 1,059 96.98 781 197 584 Percent _ 3.02 100.00 25.22 74.78 Southern: Number _ 1,736 100.00 325 1,411 81.28 2,471 100.00 574 1,897 76.77 Percent _ 18.72 23.23 Administrative Control of Centralized Libraries School boards generally assume the responsibility for providing library service to schools. Centralized school libraries are under the control of the school board most often in city systems in the Northwest region (99.82 percent) and in rural districts in the North Central region (98.39 percent). The control of the school library is in the hands of the public library board most often in rural districts in New England (5.93 percent) and in city systems in the North Central region (3.58 percent). The school and the 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 library boards combined control 17.03 percent of the school libraries in rural districts in Northwest region (table 20 and fig. 6) . Type of control Percentage of total number of centralized libraries 20 40 60 80 100 School board Public library board Combination school and public library boards 95.2 1.2 3.6 FIGURE 6. — Percentage distribution of centralized libraries , by type of control , 1941-42. TABLE 20. — Number of centralized libraries , by region and type of control , in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Control City systems Rural districts Region Total School board Public library board Combina¬ tion school and public library boards Total School board Public library board Combina¬ tion school and public library boards Total: Number . . 9,242 8,681 169 392 10,987 10,578 82 327 Percent _ _ 100.00 93.93 1.83 4.24 100.00 96.28 0.74 2.98 Middle States: Number _ 2,326 2,169 21 136 1,240 1,193 16 31 Percent . 100.00 93.25 .90 5.85 100.00 96.21 1.29 2.50 New England: Number . . 455 428 10 17 236 220 14 2 Percent _ _ 100.00 94.06 2.20 3.74 100.00 93.22 5.93 .85 North Central: Number. . . 3,633 3,281 130 222 6,259 6,158 31 70 Percent . . 100.00 90.31 3.58 6.11 100.00 98.39 .49 1.12 Northwest: Number . . . 1,092 1,090 1 1 781 640 8 133 Percent . . 100.00 99.82 .09 .09 100.00 81.95 1.02 17.03 Southern : Number . 1,736 1,713 7 16 2,471 2,367 13 91 Percent.. . . 100.00 98.68 .40 .92 100.00 95.79 .53 3.68 Income for School Libraries An income of $12,564,963 was reported by 3,471 superintendents as allotted to library service for an aggregate of 9,308,628 pupils in 1941-42. The average per system reporting is $3,620 and the amount per pupil enrolled in these systems is $1.35. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 27 The reported sum includes funds received from all sources — local school funds, county funds, State school or library funds, public library funds, and/ other sources. Local school funds amounted to 84.27 percent of the income in city systems. For the purpose of this study, the 56.45 percent of income reported from local funds by superintendents of rural districts and the 25.43 percent reported from county funds should be considered as one item making a total of 81.88 percent from local funds, since some superintendents in charge of systems in which both rural and urban schools are under one administration reported money re¬ ceived for libraries from county-wide sources as local funds and . others reported such money as county funds (table 21). TABLE 21. — Income for school libraries , by source , amount, and percentage distribution, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 System Source Total Local school funds County funds State school or library funds Public library funds Other sources Total: Amount . . $12,564,963 $9,925,724 $918,353 $989,536 $481,905 $249,445 Percent . . . 100.00 79.00 7.31 7.88 3.83 1.98 City: Amount . . . $10,183,615 $8,581,386 $312,681 $664,500 $436,341 $188,707 Percent _ _ 100.00 84.27 1.85 4.29 6.52 3.07 Rural districts: Amount - - - $2,381,348 $1,344,338 $605,672 $325,036 $45,564 $60,738 Percent - 100.00 56.45 25.43 13.65 1.92 2.55 Local school funds are the source of the greatest amount of in¬ come for school libraries in all regions (table 22). Superintendents TABLE 22. — Income for school libraries, by source, amount, and percentage distribution by region, in school systems reporting , 1941-42 Source Region Total Local school funds County school funds State school or library funds Public library funds Other sources Total: Amount _ $12,564,963 $9,925,724 $918,353 $989,536 $481,905 3.8 $249,445 2.0 Percent... _ 100.0 79.0 7.3 7.9 Middle States: Amount _ $3,168,625 $2,902,752 $64,834 $79,507 $69,455 2.2 $52,077 1.7 Percent _ 100.0 91.6 2.0 2.5 New England: Amount. . _ $281,061 $245,146 $6,832 2.4 $19,971 7.1. $9,112 3.3 Percent _ 100.0 87.2 .0 North Central: Amount _ $4,882,695 $3,840,590 $323,614 $247,295 $375,613 $95,583 2.0 Percent _ _ _ _ - 100.0 78.7 6.6 5.0 7.7 Northwest: Amount _ $1,806,045 100.0 $1,437,006 $209,841 $147,892 $6,291 .3 $5,015 .3 Percent _ 79.6 11.6 8.2 Southern: Amount _ $2,426,537 100.0 $1,500,230 $320,064 $508,010 $10,575 .4 $87,658 3.6 Percent _ . _ 61.8 13.2 21.0 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 in the Middle States area reported 91.6 percent of their money from local school funds. The superintendents from States in the Southern region reported a higher percentage of funds received from “State school or library funds” (21.0 percent) than from this source in any other region. State funds are usually used to equalize educational opportuni¬ ties and to promote particular service and activities such as library materials. In some States the provision for expending State funds for school libraries by local districts is incorporated into the law. The present tendency is to replace special State appropriations for libraries and other school services and activities by general State appropriations for equalizing educational opportunities.8 Income from public library funds is reported by superintendents of school systems in which school and public library boards have entered into agreements to furnish library service cooperatively to the pupils in the public elementary and secondary schools. Data indicate, in school systems reporting, that this arrangement is more frequently followed in city systems than in rural districts (table 21). It is difficult to indicate that any specific amount of annual appropriation for books will purchase an adequate supply of library materials for pupils in a school of a given size. The type of basic collection that the school has, the program of the school, and the location of the school in relation to a public library with up-to-date reference service are several factors that would de¬ termine the amount of money necessary to purchase reading ma¬ terials for the school library. The Southern Association includes the following statement in their brochure on standards: Enrollment of 500 or less students — Annual appropriation of at least $1.00 per student per year for books, periodicals, etc., exclusive of salaries. Enrollment of more than 500 students — Annual appropriation of at least $0.75 per student per year for books, periodicals, etc., exclusive of salaries.9 Expenditures for School Libraries Total expenditures for school libraries reported by 3,471 systems amount to $12,437,964, or $3,583 per system, or an average of $1.34 per pupil enrolled. These expenditures represent the total moneys expended for the types of library service reported, namely, 8 Lathrop, Edith A. State financial support for school libraries' — legal provisions. School Life, 27 : 89-92, December, 1941. 9 Southern Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools. Standards of the Commission on Secondary Schools. Rock Hill, S. C., The Secretary, 1942. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 29 “centralized libraries,” “classroom collections only,” and “loan collections only.” In city school systems the largest item of expenditure was for the payment of salaries ($6,171,664, or 61.55 percent). The next largest item was spent for books and pamphlets ($2,866,588, or 28.59 percent). The rural districts reporting spent only $709,212, or 29.42 per¬ cent of their funds for salaries, and $1,368,545, or 56.76 percent, for books and pamphlets (table 23) . TABLE 23. — Expenditures for school libraries , purpose , amount , percentage distribution , and per pupil expenditure for school systems reporting , 1941-42 Purpose System Total Books and pamphlets Periodicals Binding and rebinding Salaries Audio¬ visual materials Equip¬ ment Other purposes Total: Amount . $12,437,964 $4,235,133 $405,755 $328,154 $6,880,876 $130,215 5189,472 $268,359 Percent.. . 100.00 34.05 3.26 2.64 55.32 1.05 1.52 2.16 Per pupil . $1.34 $0.46 $0.04 $0.04 $0.74 $0.01 $0.02 $0.03 City systems: Amount . $10,027,003 $2,866,588 $283,918 $274,623 $6,171,664 $94,801 $141,594 $193,815 Percent . 100.00 28.59 2.83 2.74 61.55 .95 1.41 1.93 Per pupil - $1.43 $0.41 $0.04 $0.04 $0.88 $0.01 $0.02 $0.03 Rural districts: Amount . $2,410,961 $1,368,545 $121,837 $53,531 $709,212 $35,414 $47,878 $74,544 Percent . 100.00 56.76 5.05 2.22 29.42 1.47 1.99 3.09 Per pupil . $1.06 $0.60 $0.06 $0.02 $0.31 $0.02 $0.02 $0.03 The actual amount and percent spent for salaries in city systems and in rural districts is greater than the amount reported by the superintendents, as it was frequently noted that schools include the librarian’s salary with all other members of the instructional staff, rather than separate salaries paid to librarians in a specific category. This statement applies especially to the salaries paid to part-time librarians which are found most often in rural districts. Of the total expenditure reported 37.3 percent was used for books, pamphlets, and periodicals in 1934-35 and practically the same percentage was reported for these items in 1941-42 (34.05 percent). The percentage for salaries also remained practically the same, namely, 56.3 percent in 1934-35 and 55.32 percent in 1941-42. The amount spent for audio-visual materials in 1941-42 as re¬ ported by superintendents was $130,215 or 1.05 percent of the total funds. The 1934-35 report did not call for data regarding expenditures for audio-visual aids as a separate item. Any amount spent for this field would have been included under the category “all other purposes” for which only 1.6 percent of the total ex¬ penditure was reported in 1934-35 in contrast to 3.21 percent as 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 “all other purposes” and “audio-visual aids” in 1941-42. This probably means that libraries are supplying greatly increased audio-visual aids services. The expenditures reported in 1941-42 amounted to $0.50 per pupil enrolled for books, pamphlets, and periodicals. It is impossi¬ ble to compare average expenditure per pupil for 1941-42 with the same type of expenditure for 1934-35 as no data are available on total number of students to whom library service was available in systems reporting for 1934-35. The superintendents in States of the Northwest region reported the highest percent of total expenditures in any region (45.3 per¬ cent) for purchase of books and pamphlets. The Middle States region reported the highest percent for salaries (64.7 percent) and the New England region reported the highest percent (4.8 percent) spent in any region for audio-visual materials (table 24) . TABLE 24.*— Expenditure for school libraries , purpose , amount , and percent¬ age distribution , by region, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 Purpose Region Total Books and pamphlets Periodicals Binding and rebinding Salaries Audio¬ visual materials Equip¬ ment Other purposes Total: Amount . $12,437,964 $4,235,133 $405,755 $328,154 $6,880,876 $130,215 $189,472 $268,359 Percent . 100.0 34.1 3.3 2.6 55.3 1.0 1.5 2.2 Middle States: Amount _ $3,117,945 $806,426 $110,904 $69,447 $2,016,222 $19,633 $46,412 $48,901 Percent . 100.0 25.9 3.5 2.2 64.7 .6 1.5 1.6 New England: Amount _ $277,123 $84,448 $9,574 $6,459 $156,794 $13,237 $3,062 $3,549 Percent _ 100.0 30.5 3.4 2.3 56.6 4.8 1.1 1.3 North Central: Amount _ $4,859,595 $1,798,827 $153,075 $167,946 $2,540,355 $37,829 $66,057 $95,506 Percent _ 100.0 37.0 3.1 3.4 52.3 .8 1.4 2.0 Northwest: Amount . $1,789,750 $811,648 $61,790 $48,567 $780,704 $33,823 $29,688 $23,530 Percent . - 100.0 45.3 3.5 2.7 43.6 1.9 1.7 1.3 Southern: Amount _ $2,393,551 $733,784 $70,412 $35,735 $1,386,801 $25,693 $44,253 $96,873 Percent . 100.0 30.6 3.0 1.5 58.0 1.1 1.8 4.0 Size of Libraries in Terms of Floor Space The questionnaire asked that school systems submit on a sepa¬ rate sheet, name and address of each school having a centralized library, together with the number of square feet of floor space used for library purposes. Superintendents reported the number of square feet for 5,194 libraries. It is apparent that in many schools, especially elementary schools, the library is located in a room the size of a single classroom unit. This amount of space provides only for the pupils of a single class group and does not permit simultaneous use of the library by other class groups for STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 31 reference work. Furthermore, the single classroom size library does not provide space for the assembling, processing, and cata^ loging of new books ; the mending or sewing of old books ; and the temporary storage of seasonal reading materials. The data show that 3,970, or 76.43 percent, of the centralized libraries for which floor space was reported, have less than 1,250 square feet, the standard for accommodating 50 pupils. To quote from the Southern Association, “Room (library) should be large enough to accommodate one-tenth of enrollment, allowing 25 square feet per person.”10 The average enrollment reported for schools having centralized libraries was 419 pupils. This fact accounts in most cases for the small size of many of the central¬ ized libraries (table 25). TABLE 25. — Number of centralized libraries reported by size with number and percent of those having less than 1,250 square feet for library space, in school systems reporting, 1941-42 System Total number reporting by size Number under 1,250 square feet Percent under 1,250 square feet Total . 5,194 3,970 76.43 City systems . . . 3,125 2,229 71.33 Rural districts . 2,069 1,741 84.15 Data on Summary Tables The summary tables (26-35) give State totals but no detail for each school system or individual library. Data are given in each table for all items that were requested on the report form except in table 26 which includes in addition to the number of systems, the number of schools and the enrollment with and without library service. 10 Ibid. TABLE 26. — Number of schools and enrollments with library service and without library service in school systems reporting , 1941-42 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Supplementary abbreviated reports, 1941-42 1 Enroll¬ ment 428,828 35,540 5,141 26,457 6,171 2,432 93 ©co© o* o* i-H -h ^h © © © ©^b*©t^. ^ i-H o* co o* co i-H © o go o oo oinhnn CO © ^ O* O O* i* t'- © © co it* © t^©©©© ©T7«v-4 O* © © O* © -HNOCl- T ©OOhjT^^T 0*0* -H O* *-H t-H t-H r-4 Number of schools with no library facilities 6,291 OOHCCO o* C* O* O* ©Ht« h*4 © oo © co © © oo i-H 05 © go co ©^H©aont« T-H CO 144 CO © © T-H 00 C* © © © NiH^HO) 0*0* O* 1-H i-H ^ fH 0* HHOJ O* Enroll¬ ment 3,247,562 84,515 22,228 51,347 113,104 38,331 3,484 63,803 93,801 45,736 258,261 54,595 69,922 31,722 43,481 43,156 14,762 16,566 19,417 134,993 91,410 77,807 98,563 20,982 60,959 Number of schools with library service 30,450 o* — . oo t-h C5 h U4 ~h O* i* CO ^HOO OO © CO HJ4 O* CO © CO .© O* ©t>-©-H© c* © © © 0* co © Ht«©t^©© r»i>-©©o* O*CO0O ©CO©^h-*4 O* 1-H 1-H© COCOCOCO© Num¬ ber of systems report¬ ing 1,709 t>. io — o o* O* ©©lf» © © © CO if* CO © © t''- If THN©^ O* Hfl © ©COHJ4COCO 1-HO* C*Hf4 co -H 0* CO 0* Data reported on original questionnaire, 1941-42 Enroll¬ ment 275,815 20,139 400 12,379 36,242 785 1,968 © © © 0*0* 1©© |©00 0*N . © ^ O* © ©0*1^. 00 »o*h* . © h* © © .at — ©CO N © I©0* 1 OO GO O* © «© U* CO© CO H 1 ^H © ICO ©Hj« 1© 1-H Number of schools with no library facilities 2,710 M CO JO CO OO t'- i-H © co © © 1 © r*- 1 © oo © ^ ico-hn© © © CO iv-4 144 1 © h»4 CO >00 © • O* ■ 1 ^H ; i 1 i Enroll¬ ment 13,103,803 186,370 55,464 102,198 833,594 134,383 159,815 17,190 73,522 292,142 90,718 744,391 337,886 210,795 203,606 224,693 213,029 75,901 176,196 284,281 521,474 279,388 100,162 404,587 62,317 82,102 Number of schools with library service 72,052 niooo^n o* oo co it< © ©t^coit«© noojooco eocoooaoo* O* -h O © 000*0*00* N (N lOOO OO i* © CO © T* © CO CO -H COrHtOWO CO COO* CO ©©©©© 00 0*^05 0 tfjWNNW O* t-h O* O* CO Num¬ ber of systems report¬ ing 4,368 ’HOO^O 05 O*^t^v-«CO CO CO O* CO O* 05 CO ^ kO oo ^t-H^iCO^ CO HO)N oo O 05 3 o Ei ■g g 704,643 55,679 5,541 38,836 42,413 3,217 2,061 30,205 30,993 1,489 16,004 7,974 6,221 3,957 36,951 1,591 11,476 11,228 22,658 15,646 6,706 15,019 14,621 1,062 5,993 Number of schools with no library facilities 9,001 ^lONNOO tO • t'- © i-h © © © tO © i-h©hJ4*>.© © i4« O © if i © CO tO OO 05 © O* CO O* © © 05 © O* if* © CO ^h -h <0*C0 O* HHN O* HC* hhn Enroll¬ ment 16,351,365 270,885 77,692 153,545 946.698 172,714 163,299 17,190 137,325 385,943 136,454 1,002,652 392,481 270,717 235,328 268,174 256,185 90,663 192,762 303.698 656,467 370,798 177,969 503,150 83,299 133,061 Number of schools with library service 102,502 t-h © © © ^h I'— OO O* to ^4« CO c* © OO OO to to O* ^ oo CO © GO 05 oo © 00 © O* © © C* © OO CO ©OON^CO O0©t^©i-H i-h CO © CO ©e*oot^co co © © © © © — < oo © ©•***©©!>• © t^oo© oo w-T C*WH wH t-T wH 1-1 CO © Tf ^HC* Num¬ ber of systems report¬ ing 6,077 GO © © 1-H © © iJ4 O* © © t>-©t^C*© CO ^ CO 1-H © © (M © -H © CO CO CO CO COO*©H^C* ^4©i-4©© ^N^©00 0* 1-H ^H CONHHH HH l-l © State or District of Columbia Continental United States. Alabama . . Arizona.. . . . Arkansas . . . California . Colorado . Connecticut . . jL/ciawato - Florida . . Georgia . Idaho . . . Illinois . . Indiana . . . . Iowa . . . Kansas . . Kentucky . Louisiana . . Maine . Maryland . Massachusetts . . . Michigan . . Minnesota... . . Mississippi . Missouri . . Montana . Nebraska _ _ .. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES a> 8 s -a H 33 TABLE 27. — Number of schools and type of library service offered , 1941-42 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Combination elementary-high school No library fa¬ cilities 24 © » CO I i 1 • II 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i i i • i i i Loan collec¬ tions only 117 70 1 1 ii e* i i i II III II III i i i i i i i i iiii Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 617 OINN ! -h tM © **t< © © OO ^ OO 1 ^ T* HN©N 1 © co c* co o* © © © Cen¬ tral¬ ized libraries 3,310 0^005 03 hO«5»C^ C** t-H ^COC* M03C0^- ©co©©© T-H co e*© c* - © ^ CO 83 1 7 150 Loan collec¬ tions only 00 e* I 10 00W5ON 00 05 CO 00 c* r>- ©*>■© COt-h©h*© t>. co **t< CO h* ©r-H©©i-H ^h t-h co co c* oo t-h co © co ©coe^e*t^ © ©COH t-H T-H t-H CO HH Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 43,148 co 05 ^ co o co co co co ©**oo©© io^oooo e*o*eoe e* co ci t-T t-h hh c* Cen¬ tral¬ ized libraries 10,332 OO CSJ O co t-h 00 OO 05 CO t-h 05 05 C* CO ^ t^- NNONH 05 ^ OO O CO © t-H CO co OO ^X00 05»H 00 © r- rH T-H H 40^W(NH t-H CO CO T-H Total all schools No library fa¬ cilities 2,710 Tf OJrH^eq CO 40 CO 00 t-H © CO © © © © CO ©!>• ’""Si © 00 ©t>- © CO 83 7 150 Loan collec¬ tions only 7,450 © OO © CO C* 00 t-H 40COOO C* ©t»© © ^ © ^ © © CO "^ © ^ © t-H CO © -^ rH th 0000^0*00 h* t-h co © co ©COCOO*t^ © © CO T-H rH T-H rH CO T-H Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 44,373 ©C0C040© CO CO 40 C5 COOOH©N rH 05 00 04 GO CO 40 © ©©© r-<©©t^e* © © C* H* ©t>-^«00© C* CO 40 t-H ©_© ©r-O COrHC M © N^N„40 0J N WWtH T-H t-T H CsT Cen¬ tral¬ ized libraries 20,229 b-T-H©©© N(N©« . 00C*t^O5»MOMO VNCO'O'tO t'-.ioocooi co eoeoc© io® C 1 2 Mississippi . . . . Missouri . . Montana . Nebraska . . STATISTICS OP PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 35 TABLE 28. — Number of pupils enrolled by type of school and library service offered , 1941-42 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Combination elementary-high school 4 fa¬ cilities 3,144 609 9 U‘l II ! ! *3* i III OO i ill e* • iii II II 11 II 1 l 1 1 1 1 Loan collec- tionB only 12,887 6,270 il ii ii O' II O' 1 1 1 Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 104,011 CO «ON CO OO CO o kO • 05 ^ ia • t>. in i c i-^i ^ ' CC i i i i i i 9,156 5,891 2,610 3,012 8,549 4,398 950 1.422 ^ CO o ^ ^ o 1 O GO MOICWOO GO rHrHlONCO 1 e*eioo Cen¬ tral- ized libraries 1,233,967 OSMOOOSO OSOiCO OO 0*000l>*© 05 OO CO OO COtOONOO COrH^cOfO OS^HOOCOTfi O 05 O* 05 CO CO 05 CO ONCOtOCO rHOO^HWH CO cvj High school only * > o S5j= fa¬ cilities 13,319 ii N i 1C • i CO i CS '• r- ' cs ) i i (Mi III T-H 1 III 1 1 1 1 ICO 1 1 CO 1 O » 1 C<© 42 1,416 II tions only 607,342 6,446 445 1,401 105,275 836 10,256 1 A1 A l’,537 320 14,879 8,244 7,421 12,416 9,413 11,216 641 12,050 24,536 25,276 23,629 3,094 41,147 743 813 Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 3,781,042 slSsI sills lilss SlSls 18S11 SSSSS 3-SS88 jS8|KS3 KSSSS S3S8S Cen- SS libraries 3,139,640 52,454 18,163 23,041 144,719 37.122 43,550 5,541 8,338 66,553 23,732 345,231 57.122 22,941 28,509 38,525 44.656 4,899 58.656 29,074 177,317 63,038 26,348 51,244 18,372 12,705 Total all schools 4 fa¬ cilities 275,815 20,139 400 12,379 36,242 785 1,968 q Kan mr P. DO CO* ii jiip ii; — ICO o'V ;«o 42 1,416 lilt 634,470 12,716 445 1,401 105,574 836 10,256 1 A 1 A sSS SlisS Sills Sis!! — S«”-a» S 28S S3”3“ Class¬ room collec¬ tions only 3,987,365 50,262 15,592 27,524 207,037 46,792 50,319 1,689 32,665 98,866 34,115 176,067 104.276 118,138 88,547 82,566 80,398 47,712 43,782 111.277 100,744 57,281 26,223 166,550 24,097 28,886 Cen¬ tral¬ ized libraries 8,481,968 iissil liSIS lllls ISIli Slsll ggfigs gS838 gsjSSg gsgfg gsgss Total 13,379,618 llsls sills eisli |gI8i 25233 1*213 s'— l8 Sis'll SSI's* State or District of Columbia Continental United States. Alabama _ _ Arizona . . . Arkansas _ California . . . Colorado. . . . Connecticut - Delaware . . . Georgia _ _ Idaho.. .. Illinois - - - Indiana II II II II II II II II ill iviaiyiauu - Massachusetts _ Michigan Minnesota _ . 1 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 37 ;s ; MU U it! | j Sj i || || j • i s 3 is i csT i j S i i ;3 s ; :s i j j j i i^s 2,463 814 2,331 5,078 6,050 1,066 1,988 4,505 2,843 2,771 57 1,200 S j ICC i [S j ; ^ « islll ES33S IlSIs SsISl §gg i i-S-S S^SS" §-t"'G S-'>8'' “S" i ! jS | : i i i i i s is i • o* • i i i j 3 ;ls j | ; jS 1; j i j 8 j ji ! ! ; ; I i ;! ii | 2,932 427 702 324 641 471 2,875 1,141 315 14,075 1,267 1,281 776 1,792 400 2,137 3 i S3 C£ :§ : > i IssSI 8Ss3is ISSsi ilill ass 8 “®SS| S^SBg ggg-S §S3"S8 S§" S jSS ;we i ioh^h co i co c s i 1 * i 8 iis » ii i il i“ " is 1,402 5,423 32,617 15,843 10,200 5,800 47,647 24,719 3^414 8,236 7,607 11,275 568 3,539 IISES "SSSg S55S5S ism i§ii§ gssss 111 i s§°° s ilill Ss82* 8ISS3 gssag '23SS Hals s«ia iss s §8= 3 sills “'"Hi? S2SS8 l"g|S slSIs SsISs s«ss 3§l § s§s s l TABLE 29. — Total number of volumes and number added , by type of school and library service offered , 1941-42 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Elementary School Only1 Loan collections only 1,878,751 6,075 4,017 4,100 849,761 1,500 48,313 1,500 9,969 550 25,805 28,535 40,380 17,141 10,328 6,397 800 43,628 41,340 8,137 71,065 5,825 52,758 950 1,790 Classroom collections only Added in 1941-42 777,609 8,203 1,247 5,220 139,824 3,561 5,356 1,932 9,706 4,730 41,401 15,947 32,529 14,997 19,678 31,416 5,675 7,334 4,673 16,953 8,416 1,837 20,137 4,034 4,571 Volumes June 1942 11,339,881 97,364 23,224 50,291 1,600,708 100,509 100,977 3,026 46,535 178,265 98,366 607,699 194,423 468,458 459,626 171,300 212,138 68,631 62,685 134,836 270,312 160,568 37,151 313,817 89,277 56,838 1 Centralized libraries Added in 1941-42 672,190 io o eo co ooNiowa howoooo OO © CO OO O ^Oi^COC^ CO»OCONO "T* C* CO ^OcDO^O t-tOOO^© CO CO ' 05 »-• OOtOeoON no CO CO to NHMON ^ as CO ko" CO O h CSlWVeNI CO *+ *0 CS ^ wH Volumes June 1942 11,441,431 118,423 60,577 52,665 1,132,724 121,098 111,234 17,965 32,813 208,001 80,239 1,389,089 189,556 88,181 195,073 136,570 112,578 11,325 98,878 99,730 538,360 277,107 115,796 283,335 73,305 48,056 Total All Schools Loan collections only 1,908,989 12,600 4,017 4,100 856,471 1,500 48,313 1,500 9,969 550 26,105 28,535 40,380 17,141 10,328 6,397 800 43,628 42,140 8,137 71,065 5,825 53,058 1,600 1,890 Classroom collections only Added in 1941-42 823,024 8,678 1,509 5,270 140,858 3,751 5,411 2,057 11,144 5.402 43,726 16,427 34,278 16,180 19,678 31,715 6,235 8,519 5,100 17,889 8,825 1,837 22,493 8.403 6,752 Volumes June 1942 12,158,669 99,771 26,413 50,441 1,609,200 118,724 104,415 3,026 49,433 215,201 133,914 649,055 207,300 501,841 539,197 171,350 213,568 76,591 71,717 146,786 284,846 164,768 49,351 350,223 115,667 83,013 Centralized libraries Added in 1941-42 2,167,328 18,962 10,127 18,804 133,728 23,076 9,011 3,397 9,170 55,723 8,784 218,320 48,425 22,991 21,656 33,070 49,774 4,522 20,759 10,692 104,809 49,966 8,342 78,612 10,342 12,778 Volumes June 1942 38,292,644 358,083 193,964 278,794 3,170,600 411,676 285,018 67,200 204,436 776,634 287,582 2,881,365 1,076,175 461,510 753,217 593,838 457,442 111,694 276,985 399,103 1,624,615 1,102,911 334,172 1,428,531 193,808 283,459 State or District of Columbia Continental United States. Alabama . . . . Arizona . . . Arkansas. . . . California . . . . Colorado . . . . Connecticut . . . Delaware . . . III 1 l 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I ill l l i i l l l l 1 1 i l i i i ill i l i i i l l i l i l 1 l l 1 III i i l i i i i i i i i i i i l III 1 1 1 | I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 l i l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ill i l i i i i i i i i l l l i l III i l i i i l i l 1 i 1 1 l l 1 III 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 iii i i i i i i i i xn ' i ' i i i iii i i i i i i • i i i J i i i [j; ijili iiili UiU f i Mi lit!! Hill jSSSS SSSSz STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES ii "S 2 I Sis gilli 3 SS”SS s 15 i §11 I 'a ! 23 llsll sail! 53SSS 38883 833 -~s s” "a s"-sf- as SS3S3 SisSs seSSI 13383 Ss§ 1 -2gs| sssgs sssss gasss ggs g Piss SllSs cgili gg|gi 111 3 8"g S~S2>- 3 3"3 a”“S2 ss- sills Isles Sills 838*8 15S 8 ■“3*3 8*331 S-2-2 ls=SS 11s is is 1 1583 33883 Ills j §33 1 j^g ;•» s la-s ss-as eS ; ; *e -*« 100 530 575 000 063 38883 Sills salSI ill 2^S2M ISsss 83533 38883 lass! ill 1 ~*£*i SS§88 |«S22 3**8* SI2’ s 33333 slgll Hill slsls Sss 8 -g2R SS 38~ N 92383 38333 sills 88388 SSS S =SSSI 1*833 SSIS3 88*85 s’ls' £ CO ci* 39 TABLE 29. — Total number of volumes and number added , by type of school and library service offered , 1941-42. — Cont’d . 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 S' M O 2 e* ■ST *-H 03 o o WfHOOCO^ © •*$< 00 05 03 HCOOCON NICOCOO © T*< »0 CO C9 © © CO iO CO ONONiO 05 CO CO CO 05 00 0 ONN05 10 tHco^OWN 00*0 (NfNCDiO^ COOOCOOOO HNHCOOO NtHCONCO COCOC^ICQiO HHHON rH r-. 32 gg *“ IIsrI 88839 ISISs Sssgg sis I “asRg asps' gaps' §gsg§ ggs s m Mi a ai 1 1 TABLE 30. — Number of librarians with specified training , and type of school served , 1941*42. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Elementary School Only1 Less than 6 hours or no library training Part- time 2,081 »«5wOio> e* e* ps oo <— iNrtf. e»us cs N r-i -r mNiocs - Full¬ time 2t8 36 1 38 5 l i i yH i i © © © © 1 • « CM • t i i i i i i i i i i • CO© « H* © YH © pH 6-14 semester hours Part- time 656 oo y-h jh oo H* CM IOHCMHO CO yH CO CM C5 CM yH o cm JOyH pH pH cm ^H Full¬ time 192 OOfH^WOJ ■*« ' Y-H . o CM 00 CO CM CO 1 1 © CM It- © yH CM pH 15-23 semester hours Part- time 138 • y-h ' CO 1 1 1 III « Y-H CM CM CO • ' ' 1 III ! 1 >.*>. w-4 . pH pH Full¬ time 79 1 1 1 N 1 IH l 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 h CO CM 1 CM lit i 1 © l 1 1 1 i CM i i i i i iiii 1 till 24 semester hours Part- time 176 hwhcw CO © CM HCOH00 1 CM 5M CM CO CO CM CM Full¬ time 465 1 iNNyh CO CO y-1 p-1 CM CM ^ C© ^ 1 ' CO NrH CM 2 81 7 6 10 Total All Schools Less than 6 hours or no library training Part- time 00 pH OYHYtHCO 0»OCON10 OYtuoOO CO WO 00 ph © h^CO^COCM ph © »h w* oo OO ^ CO 00 CO^O^OO MO’l'MN Y-H »H pH CM H CM Full¬ time 999 WNNOiO © © CO h* CO CM h*i © t'- NWWWyH H* ^ Y-H YH CM yH CM yH pH YH ^H «*< yH 6-14 semester hours Part- time 1,707 yH © © CM © OO Y-H CO *005© t". eo © © i>- phco»ocmcm © © co r- cm pHiOYH OO© CO OO Ny^NhyJi CM CO Full¬ time 571 CM kO CO CM CM © © -p* yh ^ © pH CM © CM yh pH OO yH CM yH pH CO yH pH 15-23 semester hours Part- time 571 CMHti© © ^ CO HfY NHHWO NNCOHW YH YH 05 YH YH CM PH pH Full¬ time 453 CO CO CM -* © CM CO © © © © ©YH YH CM Hf< h* QO ©M«©hcO CO CM 1 2 II dd^di-< d ^ *-« d d CO CO Full¬ time 77 jcid ** CO CO n* III II ^ d IH l 180 *-H lv-4 6-14 semester hours Part- time 460 “ o o ! Cl Cl l-H <^1 1 61 *S * 8CHN 05 ^ t>. d j Full¬ time 89 ci 05 d 'CO • Cl Cl II II • CO d ' i-« • II II II II 15-23 semester hours Part- time 208 od . to 10 14 CM — » — l -H ! ' ' Full¬ time 55 80 ! d o j ci ! 1 ! ! M ! ! ! | 24 semester hours Part- time 341 ^ -4 « CO 'NiH .to d '05 I 1 1 ih i nm'coih i 1 1 Full¬ time 416 ©NCOH ! NNNH ! NWNW5H d d ! lift C5»C^INN . Cl > Cl v-i ^ 1 , ^ CO 1 1 II 1 1 II Less than 6 hours or no library service Part- time 1,505 ^W»CON cOvh^OOO N^'-fOOO 05CDICIOO ^hNcDO f-c *HCOiH Tf< 05 CO CO CO Cl Cl Cl Cl CO CO Cl v-H Cl Cl Full¬ time 371 Cl « CO t". °o ^ 2 9 6 8 2 1 23 1 10 6-14 semester hours Part- time 591 rHdOO OONOCO 05 Cl 05 CO 00800COC1 VH CO-1 COCl ^ -H i-Hd Full¬ time 311 80 ^ CO C* 'l 1 Cl CO C0t>-'^C080 05Hdt0N ^ Cl 80 1 V-H CO v-H -H i-ll 15-23 semester hours Part- time 225 80 1-< 1-4 Cl CO > ".a ««‘2. f.e-c s fiS9 3 Jli-e 6qSc2 ssss* STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 45 TABLE 31. — Number of centralized libraries , by size of library , and type of school , 1941-42 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Combination elementary-high school 10,000 or more 28 i i i l t i III 1 T-H III till 05 to 1 T-H 1 1 III 1 III till 1 II III > III till 1 II III 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 II III 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 II 5,000 to 9,999 145 N IrHH . 1 1 l 1 T— ‘ -Tt< CM CM CO t-h 1 CM CM 1 ' IN 05 t-h Tf 'CM r III 1 i ill i 3,000 to 4,999 411 ^r-HO ' t-h » CO CM CO CM NCONiflO 05 t-h 1 ICO ONOrf N T-H ' ' CM T-H T-H • IH CM 1-H II II II II 1,000 to 2,999 W S3 - rfi OO t>- 1 o to 1 to 05 CO 05 T-H to -Tt< OO CO CO CO O CO OO CO o to ^H 05 tH t-h OM CO CO t-h CO CM T-H CO t-h o -.05 S°§ 856 ^HHNOOCO CM T* CM O T-H CO Tf« CM CO O ^ C W OO CM HCOH t-H t-H 1-1 CO t-H t-H CO t-hCMCO Fewer than 500 437 COrHlN 1 OO ^ CM CM 1 to H 05 05 CO CO OO iCOtOCON »CO^00N ^ ' CO T-H 1 t-H T-H CO 1 1 1 1 High school only 2 10,000 or more 254 HWHIOW IH CO 'CO • 05 to CO T-H i T-h i i CM T-H ihJ- CO r- CO HOOO^N 05 00 00 CO ^ rH CM *h CM t-h 00 CM t— CM t-h CO t-hoO t-h Fewer than 500 522 COr-iOOCOtO 1 t-h CO ^4 05 CM CO t-h o ^ O^mCM ' CM CO C5 h* T-H T-H . CO CM CM T-H COCO T-H 1 T-H CM Elementary school only 1 § £ °-°i © a 18 III t-hiit-hi 1 1 1 1 T-H I'CM'I III II 1 1 1 1 1 II II III II 1 till II II III II 1 till II II III It 1 till II II III II 1 till II II 5,000 to 9,999 233 1 1 57 1 i^lH OCO 'CM 1 • I 1 T-H to vH T-H to 1 1 1 t-H cm • > III Tt* l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 3,000 to 4,999 493 COCO ICO ' CO t— h rH CM CO iCOCMiOH h* 1 CM '05 CO © h* CM 'N ' to t-h i ' CM t-h ii ii ii ii 1,000 to 2,999 3,194 CM 05 Tt< O 05 CONOOOOO cMN^hh NCMOCOOO ^OJhQO lOHHTfTji CM h*i CM 05 CO ^ CM ^ TJT ^ tO NCO»OCM^ CO t-H 500 to 999 2,047 COCONt^iO t— CM - CO »0 CO T-H rH T-H lO CM T-H 1-H tH T-h T-H CM T-h CM §og 3,935 HjiOOt-T-HCO NCOthOO»C H05HO00 CO CO CO CO O500OOCO t-h OO iO CO Tf CO t-h CO CO CO t-H 05^»0«5C5 tO h* *>. CM t-H CO T-H T-H t-H t-H Fewer than 500 S CO trf CM CO OO t*>» »0 NhhcOh COthOQCN C>- 05 CM tO 05 CM 05 CO OO t>- O CM CM OO T}4 CO CO CM 05 tO tO CO tO CO CO CO CO CO r-H 05 t-h CM CM t-h CM CO t-h Total 20,229 NHOCOIO NCMOWIO CO 00 CM O O COt-hcOCOh* CO GO CO CO t— aOCMT-HOGT-H t— CO tO 05 t>- t-h CO 05 tO OO I>- 05 CO CM t>- CM CM CM T-H t-h CM ©^CO^tOCO CO t-h t-h CM CO WhoohN CM* State or District of Columbia Continental United States. Alabama.. . Arizona... . Arkansas.. _ _ California. . . Colorado . . . . Connecticut . . Delaware . . Florida . . Georgia . Idaho . Illinois... . Indiana . . . Iowa . . . Kansas _ _ Kentucky . . . Louisiana . Maine _ _ Maryland . . Massachusetts _ Michigan . . Minnesota . Mississippi . . . Missouri . Montana . . Nebraska _ _ STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 47 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 TABLE 32. — Number of libraries , by type of school and type of book service provided , 1941-42 Book Service Provided State or District of Columbia Total all schools Elementary school only 1 High school only 5 Combination ele¬ mentary-high school Up-to-date reference Assigned reading Leisure reading Up-to-date reference Assigned reading Leisure reading Up-to-date reference | Assigned 1 reading Leisure reading Up-to-date reference Assigned reading Leisure reading Continental 17,156 20,769 22,944 10,002 13,285 15,487 4,914 5,043 5,053 2,240 2,441 2,404 United States. Alabama . 161 203 201 92 115 124 52 59 55 17 29 22 Arizona . . . 45 63 70 18 33 39 23 26 25 4 4 6 Arkansas _ 121 142 178 45 66 95 53 47 54 23 29 29 609 773 804 322 486 521 286 287 283 1 Colorado _ 166 184 220 105 126 158 57 52 55 4 6 7 Connecticut . 104 132 129 63 94 97 35 31 26 6 7 6 Delaware . 21 19 22 10 8 10 8 8 8 3 3 4 Florida . . 55 57 85 23 24 51 13 13 13 19 20 21 Georgia . . . . 297 368 432 118 155 216 44 64 61 135 149 155 Idaho . 253 271 303 154 175 199 79 80 81 20 16 23 Illinois . 1,743 1,465 1,346 1,368 1,126 995 351 318 329 24 21 22 Indiana . . . 517 587 615 196 243 278 133 134 127 188 210 210 Iowa . 349 395 467 248 297 369 83 80 79 18 18 19 Kansas. . 621 800 850 453 624 673 146 153 156 22 23 21 Kentucky. . 231 290 311 51 98 124 94 99 96 86 93 91 Louisiana . 285 373 400 102 174 198 132 146 150 51 53 52 Maine . . 276 253 400 195 173 316 63 65 67 18 15 17 Maryland _ _ 157 280 353 63 196 251 64 57 69 30 27 33 Massachusetts . . 224 218 263 122 112 163 97 100 94 5 6 6 Michigan . . 572 722 918 371 515 710 130 127 128 71 80 80 Minnesota . . 564 624 837 401 458 660 97 97 99 66 69 78 Mississippi . . 98 149 160 31 66 80 39 50 47 28 33 33 Missouri . . . 1,043 1,067 1,048 734 703 695 226 261 257 83 103 96 Montana _ 132 219 256 82 167 205 27 27 25 23 25 26 Nebraska . 181 224 230 105 152 153 68 63 68 8 9 9 Nevada. . 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 New Hampshire _ 23 42 41 6 21 21 13 15 14 4 6 6 New Jersey _ 424 445 481 256 279 314 150 145 148 18 21 19 New Mexico _ _ _ 108 126 120 71 88 86 27 28 24 10 10 10 New York . 1,019 1,262 1,561 337 590 894 421 414 415 261 258 252 North Caro ina . 412 570 566 202 315 326 93 123 122 117 132 118 North Dakota. . 94 219 244 67 186 211 21 27 26 6 6 7 Ohio... . 829 897 971 291 320 416 247 254 246 291 323 309 Oklahoma . . 358 403 414 144 176 185 129 142 144 85 85 85 Oregon... _ A. 203 313 323 116 223 234 79 80 79 8 10 10 Pennsylvania . . 932 1,435 1,685 321 766 1,033 463 497 491 148 172 161 Rhode Island _ 49 79 91 15 45 57 30 30 30 4 4 4 South Caro ina _ 101 95 114 47 46 62 50 44 47 4 5 5 South Dakota . . 349 297 363 316 258 323 15 17 18 18 22 22 Tennessee _ _ 222 337 355 93 212 229 90 85 87 39 40 39 Texas . . . 563 602 758 300 329 462 207 202 222 56 71 74 Utah _ _ 147 215 216 99 162 162 42 47 48 6 6 6 Vermont _ _ _ 46 58 64 37 40 48 4 9 8 5 9 8 Virginia _ 386 705 686 192 509 498 58 57 57 136 139 131 Washington _ _ 131 244 283 58 164 210 63 68 62 10 12 11 West Virginia _ _ _ 455 673 775 323 555 654 116 103 106 16 15 15 Wisconsin _ 1,413 1,786 1,781 1,205 1,558 1,558 163 182 178 45 46 45 Wyoming . 26 47 47 19 42 43 7 4 3 1 1 District of Columbia 38 38 104 13 13 79 25 25 25 1 Junior high school housed with elementary school included here. 2 All types, including separate junior high school. STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 49 TABLE 33. — Number of centralized libraries by type of library and unit of control , 1941-42 State or District of Columbia Type of library Unit of control Total Open to the pubic Not open to the public Tota’ School board Pubic library board Combina¬ tion school and library board Continental United 20,229 3,854 16,375 20,229 19,259 251 719 States. 237 39 198 237 212 25 81 22 59 81 81 Arkansas . . 230 23 207 230 228 1 1 California . . 766 71 695 766 724 5 37 275 65 210 275 272 1 2 157 157 157 154 2 1 22 22 22 22 110 17 93 110 110 Georg:a . 482 105 377 482 474 4 4 215 67 148 215 214 1 I linois . .. . . 2,073 387 1,686 2,073 1,997 6 70 Indiana . . 638 141 497 638 614 5 19 452 21 431 452 450 2 Kansas . 590 154 436 590 569 12 9 370 75 295 370 369 1 Louisiana . . . 316 127 189 316 286 30 Maine _ 131 11 120 131 130 1 Maryland _ _ 196 23 173 196 186 10 Massachusetts . 256 16 240 256 244 7 5 Michigan . . . . . 684 218 466 684 674 5 5 Minnesota _ _ _ _ 574 159 415 574 529 20 25 Mississippi _ 190 20 170 190 187 3 Missouri . . . 864' 142 722 864 851 6 7 Montana. . 127 6 121 127 124 2 1 Nebraska _ 277 13 264 277 277 Nevada _ _ 14 14 14 14 New Hampshire.. 41) 3 38 41 32 9 New Jersey . . . 488 22 466 488 443 20 25 New Mexico . . . 86 31 55 86 85 1 New York . 1,452 160 1,292 1,452 1,441 6 5 North Carolina . . . 732 183 549 732 724 4 4 North Dakota . . 176 2 174 176 176 Ohio... . . 1,087 164 923 1,087 901 64 122 Oklahoma . . 525 113 412 525 498 7 20 Oregpn 280 45 235 280 199 81 Pennsylvania . 1,370 157 1,213 1,370 1,232 11 127 Rhode Island . 60 5 55 60 47 2 11 South Carolina . 188 52 136 188 184 1 3 South Dakota . 57 9 48 57 55 2 Tennessee . . 305 35 270 305 281 24 Texas . . . 761 102 659 761 755 6 Utah . 172 28 144 172 158 14 Vermont . . 46 5 41 46 41 4 1 Virginia . . . . 516 144 372 516 498 10 8 Washington . . 299 13 286 299 297 1 1 West Virginia 371 227 144 371 371 Wisconsin . . . 820 423 397 820 782 '29 9 Wyoming . . . 32 9 23 32 29 2 1 District of Columbia 38 38 38 38 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 TABLE 34. — Income for school libraries , distributed as to source, 1941-42 Source of income State or District of Columbia Total Loca school funds County funds State school or library funds Public library funds Other sources Continental United $12,564,963 $9,925,724 $918,353 $989,536 $481,905 $249,445 States. 105,483 84,819 4,800 1,991 13,873 63,028 45,068 3,300 14,660 Arkansas . . 36,135 27,583 1,000 2,786 300 4,466 1,250,137 1,000,159 140,650 108,631 697 ' 170 ; 770 164,121 1,194 1,400 4,055 104,132 97,841 5,936 355 35,803 400 35,403 261595 8,194 8,537 9,278 586 Georgia . . . . 166,919 66,835 34,008 51,930 3,879 10,267 57,895 48,550 4,889 3,862 594 Illinois _ _ 829,195 809,417 661 73 10,976 8,068 Indiana . . . 296,869 267,320 10,278 11,016 2,325 5,930 Iowa . . 202,151 144,124 44,768 11,607 500 1,152 143,189 139,051 1,900 2,238 Kentucky . . 102,508 84,392 10,261 708 169 6,978 201,620 101,123 47,516 44,639 8,342 Maine _ 16,154 15,279 725 150 Maryland _ 56,483 28,548 24,526 700 2,709 Massachusetts _ _ _ 112,329 98,986 9,604 3,739 Michigan . . . . 688,218 596,125 28,438 24,285 16,322 23,048 Minnesota . . . . 358,439 304,775 19,798 4,667 27,831 1,368 Mississippi _ 58,109 49,990 3,445 180 1,500 2,994 Missouri.. . . . 439,357 315,117 16,379 80,128 1,830 25,903 Montana _ _ _ 53,013 46,450 6,138 215 210 Nebraska 80,450 80,175 95 180 Nevada. 5,757 5,757 New Hampshire 13,066 10,266 2,800 New Jersey . . 460,613 393,903 4,689 13,299 37,376 11,346 New Mexico . . . 36,912 23,140 1,100 12,212 200 260 New York . . . 1,392,437 1,353,472 4,099 18,550 3,314 13,002 North Carolina _ _ 192,428 75,153 50,203 44,526 287 22,259 North Dakota _ 17,051 16,879 100 72 Ohio . . . . . 889,863 530,069 77,759 16,686 255,819 9,530 Oklahoma . . . 102,655 94,010 25 2,858 3,941 1,821 Oregon . . 112,250 85,872 24,362 2,006 10 Pennsylvania . . . 1,192,329 1,095,469 31,520 11,555 28,765 25,020 Rhode Island _ 28,078 16,992 171 10,223 692 South Carolina 797,772 497,301 18,852 280,245 1,374 South Dakota . . 28,403 22,347 2,710 2,543 700 103 Tennessee . . . 166,610 79,444 64,852 12,447 1,110 8,757 Texas . . . 366,712 347,672 150 6,254 2,850 9,786 Utah. . . 132,995 101,682 26,419 759 1,131 3,004 Vermont... . 7,302 5,782 144 1,376 Virginia _ 241,781 105,307 77,440 55,812 780 2,442 Washington _ _ 193,998 148,536 7,383 32,419 5,160 500 West Virginia 139,652 33,167 96,095 5,330 5,060 W sconsin . . . 346,177 214,121 18,014 57,044 54,869 2,129 Wyoming _ 14,181 13,981 200 District of Columbia 30,960 30,960 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 51 TABLE 35. — Expenditures for school libraries , distributed as to purpose , 1941-42 Purpose State or D' strict of Columbia Total Books and pamphlets Period¬ icals Binding and rebind¬ ing Salaries Audio¬ visual materials Equip¬ ment Other purposes Continental $12,437,964 $4,235,133 $405,755 $328,154 $6,880,876 $130,215 $189,472 $268,359 United States. Alabama . $107,045 $32,963 $3,584 $1,185 $64,300 $1,328 $3,277 $408 Arizona . . . 62,307 18,501 2,317 3,373 34,730 2,000 605 781 Arkansas.. . . . 36,683 18,189 1,681 733 14,923 600 378 179 California . . . 1,237,211 587,084 43,838 34,916 509,803 21,295 19,749 20,526 Colorado . . 190,531 90,486 3,851 9,041 83,953 1,971 969 260 Connecticut . . 101,810 19,909 1,937 1,664 75,037 521 499 2,243 Delaware . . . 35,803 6,379 920 822 25,922 1,152 25 583 Florida . . . . . 26,485 12,765 1,307 360 10,662 150 820 421 Georgia . . 160,597 92,040 7,042 1,905 53,329 * 1,115 2,580 2,586 Idaho . 55,269 33,989 3,779 1,871 10,825 2,808 681 1,316 810,771 322,009 16,973 28,001 421,498 7,160 10,333 4,797 292,716 138,822 12,782 8,570 118,526 3,423 9,007 1,586 192,671 90,407 9,667 10,399 75,000 3,036 3,058 1,104 141,867 59,204 6,142 2,812 67,864 1,633 502 3,710 Kentucky . 100,648 43,466 4,333 2,157 44,468 2,465 2,853 906 Louisiana _ _ 198,774 71,020 7,324 2,303 108,051 3,791 2,008 4,277 Maine _ _ - 16,196 12,152 2,307 190 1,150 310 45 42 Maryland _ _ 56,055 36,356 2,520 715 10,884 3,458 1,812 310 Massachusetts . . . 111,993 30,809 3,802 2,715 59,446 11,739 2,369 1,113 Michigan . 683,290 140,692 15,043 29,399 487,051 1,232 2,818 7,055 Minnesota . . . . . 355,376 100,755 11,534 8,111 223,951 894 4,024 6,107 Mississippi _ 58,194 24,006 3,003 1,146 27,772 570 1,033 664 Missouri _ 481,149 215,896 12,856 6,308 185,765 3,728 3,731 52,865 Montana _ _ 52,283 23,922 1,936 1,336 21,995 1,103 1,829 162 Nebraska.. . . . 78,710 42,689 6,256 983 26,961 525 561 735 Ncv&dft 2,787 1,645 105 107 330 550 50 New Hampshire. . — 13,064 6,198 628 115 5,838 180 80 25 New Jersey . . . 456,427 100,740 19,170 7,085 297,896 4,677 15,717 11,142 New Mexico _ 31,782 15,218 1,884 1,280 11,880 800 620 100 New York . . 1,383,904 378,350 48,482 35,134 871,522 2,951 16,894 30,571 North Carolina _ 184,778 107,598 13,211 5,783 52,666 385 3,297 1,838 North Dakota _ 16,869 11,294 424 124 4,555 115 239 118 Ohio _ 858,567 232,451 19,951 36,053 539,824 4,629 15,972 9,687 Oklahoma _ 99,567 61,987 5,726 5,069 21,346 1,058 3,499 882 Oregon... . . 111,967 51,159 4,405 2,936 48,369 2,775 1,777 546 Pennsylvania _ _ _ 1,175,496 277,666 38,787 25,691 807,698 7,395 11,964 6,295 Rhode Island _ 26,758 10,341 651 1,673 13,698 202 67 126 South Carolina _ 783,722 23,937 4,450 583 663,788 547 14,134 76,283 South Dakota _ 28,508 11,878 1,762 758 12,519 550 670 371 Tennessee . . 166,323 68,239 4,750 3,960 79,855 1,029 3,380 5,110 Texas. _ _ _ 366,139 131,829 13,429 10,743 187,100 13,266 7,244 2,528 Utah. . . . - 137,455 42,764 3,116 809 85,554 941 3,907 364 Vermont _ 7,302 5,039 249 102 1,625 285 2 Virginia _ 240,846 125,921 7,979 5,610 94,810 1,047 3,627 1,852 Washington . . . 192,778 71,085 4,611 6,592 103,828 4,351 1,695 616 West Virginia _ 139,865 80,108 6,322 4,929 45,788 1,029 1,305 384 Wisconsin ._ _ 344,244 143,225 17,175 11,643 157,541 3,141 6,734 4,785 W vomina 14,122 5,016 729 360 6,680 305 1,032 11 jrUUiUlg - - 10,260 6,935 1,025 2,300 n 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Appendix (Forms used in collecting data) Federal Security Agency U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION Washington, D. C. School Library Statistics, 1941-42 Form 8-070 (1942) To the Superintendent of Schools: School libraries are a vital resource in the war effort. The frequent requests for information on libraries from the regular Government and war agencies, are evidence of this fact. We shall greatly appreciate your assistance in the collection of the needed data. All information should be as of June 1942, unless otherwise stated. Please fill in the information called for and return one form as soon as possible in the enclosed penalty envelope which requires no postage. Sincerely yours, Bess Goodykoontz Assistant U. S. Commissioner of Education Report made for _ (City, county or district) (State) By - - - - (Name) (Official title) Item T tal for all schools Elementary school only 1 High schoo on y 2 Combination elementary- high schoo! 1. Number of schools with: (a) Centralized libraries 3_ _ (b) Classroom collections only 4__ _ (c) Loan collections only __ _ (d) No library facilities _ (e) Total 2. Total enrollment in schools with: (a) Centralized libraries (b) Classroom collections only (c) Loan collections only (d) No library facilities _ (e) Total 3. Total pumber of volumes 5: Centralized libraries: (a) June 1942 (b) Added in 1941—42 Classroom collections only : (a) June 1942 _ __ _ (b) Added in 1941-42 Loan collections, June 1942 - 1 Junior high school housed with elementary school included here. All types, including separate j unior high school. 3 A centralised library i s one administered as a unit and usually located in one place. 4 A classroom collection is a group of library books permanently housed in a single classroom and not administered from a centralized library. 6 A volume is a printed work, bound or unbound, which has been recorded or cataloged and made available for library Budget Bureau No. 51-R084-42 Approval expires July 31, 1943 STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 53 Item Total for all schools Elementary school only 1 High school only 2 Combination elementary- h gh school 4. Number of librarians with specified train¬ ing in library science: (a) Full time librarians: (1) 24 semester hours or more 6 _ (2) 15-23 semester hours. (3) 6-14 semester hours _ _ _ (4) Less than 6 hours or no spe¬ cial training _ _ _ (b) Part-time librarians : (1) 24 semester hours or more _ (2) 15-23 semester hours _ _ (3) 6-14 semester hours _ _ . (4) Less than 6 hours or no spe¬ cial training. _ _ 5. Number of centralized libraries by size: (a) Less than 500 volumes _ _ (b) 500-999 volumes _ _ _ (c) 1,000-2,999 volumes _ __ _ (d) 3,000-4,999 volumes _ (e) 5,000-9,999 volumes _ (f) 10,000 volumes or more.. _ _ _ (g) Total should check with 1 (o)__ 6. Number of libraries which provide: (a) Up-to-date reference service _ _ (b) Books for assigned reading _ (c) Books for leisure reading. . _ 7. How many centralized libraries reported in item 1 are (a) school libraries open to the public - ; (b) school libraries not open to the public - . Total should check with 1 (a) - . 8. How many centralized libraries reported in item 1 are controlled (a) by the school board - ; (b) by a public library board - ; (c) by a combination of school and public library boards - - . Total should check with 1 (a) 9. Income, by source, 1941-42: Amount From local school funds_ S _ From county funds _ _ From State school or library funds _ _ From public library funds _ , _ _ _ Other sources (specify). _ Total. 10. Expenditures, by purpose, 1941-42 : Amount For books and pamph¬ lets _ 8 _ For periodicals _ _ For binding and re¬ binding _ _ For salaries _ _ For audio-visual ma¬ terials _ _ For equipment - - For other purposes (specify) - - Total 11. Please submit on a separate sheet name and address of each school having a centralized library and give number of square feet of floor space used for li¬ brary purposes in each. 6 A semester hour is defined as the equivalent of one recitation per week for a semester (18 weeks). If your credits are in term of quarter hours, transpose them to semester hours by multiplying by %. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1938-40 AND 1940-42 Washington 25, D. C. January 3, 1944 My dear Superintendent: We are making the final tabulations for School Library Statis¬ tics, 1941-42, and are anxious to secure as complete data as possi¬ ble for school library facilities. You will assist us by giving the following information for your school system : With library service Without library service Number of schools . _ _ School enrollment . _ _ We hope you will find it convenient to return this self-addressed card at an early date. Cordially yours, Nora E. Beust Sr. Specialist in Library Materials List of Other Publications of the Office of Education Containing Statistics on School Libraries Commissioner of education. Annual reports, 1870 to 1886-87; 1892-93; 1895- 96; 1899-1900; 1903. 21 v. Data for school libraries are contained in the tables for libraries in the following annual reports: 1870, Table XVII; 1871, Table XIV; 1872, Table XIV; 1873, Tables XV and XVI; 1874, Tables XVI and XVII ; 1875, Table XVI ; 1876, Table XVI ; 1877, Table XVI ; 1878, Table XVI; 1879, Table XVI; 1880, Table XVI; 1881, Table XVI; 1882-83, Table XVI; 1883-84, Table XVI ; 1884-85, Table XVI (Reprinted with additions, 1886) ; 1885-86, Table 88 ; 1886-87, Tables 101 and 102; 1892-93, V. I., Table, p. 756-63; 1895-96, V. I., Table, p. 370-521 (Re¬ printed 1897) ; 1899-1900, V. I., Table, p. 946-1165. (Reprinted 1901 and 1903) ; 1903, V. I., Table p. 780-1017 (Reprinted 1904). General statistics of all public libraries in the United States. In Public libra¬ ries in the United States of America. Special report, Chap. XXXIX, p. 1110-1174. 1876. Statistics of public libraries in the United States and Canada [1891]. Weston Flint. Circular of information, 1893, No. 7. 213 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1908. (Bulletin 1909, No. 5.) 214 p. Public, society, and school libraries [1913]. (Bulletin 1915, No. 25.) 257 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1923. (Bulletin 1926, No. 9.) 179 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1929. (Bulletin 1930, No. 37.) 365 p. Biennial survey of education, 1916-18. Vol. 4. In its Statistics of public high schools, 1917-18, Chap. II, p. 185-187 (Bulletin 1919, No. 91). Biennial surveys for succeeding years containing library data in their statistical reports of public high schools follow: 1920-22, Vol. 2, Chap. VI, Table 1, p. 534 (Bulletin 1924, No. 14) ; 1922-24, Chap. XXIV, Table 1, p. 800 (Bulletin 1926, No. 23) ; 1924-26, Chap. XXIII, p. 1046- 47 (Bulletin 1928, No. 25) ; 1926-28, Chap. XXIV. Table 57, p. 1055 (Bulletin 1930, No. 16) ; 1928-30, Vol. II, Chap. VI, p. 695 (Bulletin 1931, No. 20) ; 1932-34, Chap. V, p. 15. (Bulletin 1935, No. 2) ; 1934-35, Vol. II, Chap. V. (Bulletin 1937, No. 2). "fr U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1948 — 643273 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1940-42* STATISTICS OF NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1940-41 VOLUME II CHAPTER IX FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION ^Because of the war, some chapters of the Bien¬ nial Survey of Education, 1938-40, were delayed in printing. When data were available for 1940-42 they were combined with those for 1938-40. The Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940-41, supplemented with data for Catholic schools for 1941-42, is, therefore, being included as Chapter IX in the combination volume for 1938-40 and 1940-42. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES 1940-42 STATISTICS OF NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 1940-41 VOLUME II CHAPTER IX Prepared by Lester B. Herlihy Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY, Paul V. McNutt. Administrator U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION, John W. Studebaker, Commissioner Acknowledgment The statistical work for this report was done by Mrs. Nancy R. Wells, statistical clerk, under the direction of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics* UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1945 For gale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 10 cents Contents Page Introduction _ 1 Total number of reports _ 1 Total enrollment _ 2 Elementary Schools _ „ _ 3 Number of schools, by religious affiliation or control _ 3 Grade enrollment _ 3 Pupils per school _ 3 School property, equipment, and endowment _ 4 Private elementary schools for Negroes _ 4 Secondary Schools _ 5 Number of schools, by religious affiliation or control _ 5 Holding power of private secondary schools _ 6 Graduates _ 7 Departments of private secondary schools _ 7 Boarding schools _ 8 School property, equipment, and endowment _ 8 Tables 1. Nonpublic elementary schools, teachers, and enrollment, by religious affiliation or control, 1932-33 and 1940-41 _ 9 2. Teachers and enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State, 1940-41 _ ^ _ 10 3. Comparison of enrollment, by grade, in nonpublic elementary schools and in public elementary schools in cities for specified years _ 12 4. Elementary enrollment, by grade, in nonpublic schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 _ 13 5. Libraries, value of plant and equipment, and endowments of nonpublic elementary schools, by State, 1940-41 _ 14 6. Enrollment, by grade, in nonpublic elementary schools for Negroes, 1940-41 _ 14 7. Number of schools, instructors, pupils, graduates, and bound volumes in libraries of nonpublic secondary schools, 1889-90 to 1940-41 _ 15 8. High-school enrollment, by year, in nonpublic schools, by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 _ 16 9. Number of schools and pupils enrolled in nonpublic high schools and academies, by religious affiliation or control, 1894-95 to 1940-41 _ 17 10. Enrollment, by year, in nonpublic high schools and in public high schools in cities for specified years _ 17 11. Nonpublic high schools, teachers, and enrollment, by religious affilia¬ tion or control, 1932-33 and 1940-41 _ 18 12. Distribution of secondary and collegiate pupils in nonpublic schools, 1906-7 to 1940-41 _ I _ 19 13. Libraries, value of plant and equipment, and endowments of nonpublic secondary schools, and number of schools maintaining boarding departments, by State, 1940-41 - 20 in IV CONTENTS Tables — Continued Page 14. Graduates in 1940 and 1941 from nonpublic high schools having a course of 4 years and number from class of 1940 continuing their education during 1940-41, by State _ 22 15. Enrollment, by year, in nonpublic high schools and academies, by State, 1940-41 _ 24 16. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, 1939-40 _ 25 17. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and and high schools, 1941-42 _ 27 Statistics of Noripublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940-41 Introduction THE U. S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION is charged by Act of Congress with responsibility for collecting such statistics and facts as shall show the condition and progress of education in the several States and Territories and of diffusing such information respecting the organ¬ ization and management of schools and school systems as shall aid the people of the United States in the establishment and maintenance of efficient school systems. * In accordance with this responsibility as imposed by Congress, the Office of Education has collected and published periodically, since the 3mar 1890, statistical data on private secondary schools. In 1930-31 data on private and parochial elementary schools were collected and published by the Office for the first time; and in 1932-33 the data for the two levels of education in the nonpublic-school field below college grade were treated in one report. This summary for 1940-41 presents the second comprehensive review of elementary and secondary private and parochial schools. A total of 10,967 usable reports for the 1940-41 school year were received. This number constitutes approximately 70 percent of all private schools in the United States which are below the college level.1 Total Number of Reports Of the total number of reports used (10,967), 7,970 were for ele¬ mentary schools, 1,237 for secondary schools, and 1,760 for schools having both elementary and secondary departments. An additional 237 forms returned to this Office could not be used for the following reasons: 25 former parochial schools of the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, and Baptist denominations were reported as now being public schools. Returns from 143 schools, included in the 1932-33 study, showed that the schools had been discontinued. Twelve schools were reported as having moved without leaving any forwarding address. Thirty-three forms were returned inadequately filled out; and 24 schools which reported in 1932-33 had become 1 An unofficial count of private schools listed in telephone directories was made in 1938 by Porter Sargent In connection with the Sargent Handbook of Private Schools. According to this count there were approxi¬ mately 16,000 such organizations in the United States. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-4 2 accredited institutions of higher learning, chiefly junior colleges, and, hence, were no longer eligible for inclusion. The totals represented net increases of 2,015 elementary schools and 397 secondary schools, between 1940-41 and 1932-33, for conti¬ nental United States (tables 1 and 7). In the elementary field an increase of 2,201 schools was reported by the Roman Catholic de¬ nomination and an increase of 15 schools by the Protestant Episcopal church. Otherwise religious denominations reported decreases. That for the Lutheran denomination was the largest, with a decrease from 1,062 schools in 1932-33 to 890 schools in 1940-41. The group of miscellaneous denominations and sects which reported having schools, and which are listed for this study under “other denominations,” showed an increase of 30 elementary schools (33 to 63), while the group of nonsectarian schools decreased by 10 (576 to 566), from 1932-33 to 1940-41. Total Enrollment The total enrollment for these private schools from nursery schools through junior college departments was as follows: Nursery school _ 6, 720 Kindergarten _ 50, 621 Elementary school _ 2, 095, 938 High school _ 457, 768 Secondary postgraduate and collegiate departments _ 9, 188 Total. . . . _ 2,620,235 On the basis of information from all available sources, the total number of pupils enrolled in the private elementary and secondary schools for the United States is estimated roughly at 3,000,000 pupils for 1940-41. The total enrollment for the public elementary and secondary schools of the Nation for 1939-40 was 25,500,000 pupils. Thus, the nonpublic elementary and secondary schools of the country account for more than 10 percent of the grand total of children enrolled by all schools both privately and publicly supported. Both elementary and secondary nonpublic schools are concentrated in the northern sections of the country. New York State, with reports from 1,067 nonpublic elementary schools and departments and 326 nonpublic secondary schools, leads all other States in number of pupils enrolled. Its enrollment of 402,709 elementary and secondary pupils accounts for 15.4 percent of the total private-school enrollment. Pennsylvania is next with an enrollment of 304,374 pupils reported in private elementary and secondary schools ; while Illinois in third place has a total enrollment of 246,139 pupils (table 2). NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 3 Elementary Schools Number of Schools, by Religious Affiliation or Control Of the 9,730 private and parochial elementary schools or depart¬ ments in 1940-41, 9,164, or 94.2 percent, reported some religious affiliation or control; and 566 were nonsectarian (table 1). The 7,944 2 schools of the Roman Catholic denomination represented 81.6 percent of the total number reported. The Lutheran elementary schools were next largest in number with a total of 890; while the nonsectarian elementary schools ranked as third most numerous. Grade Enrollment The distribution of students, by grade, in nonpublic elementary schools, most of which are found in urban areas, is similar to that for city public-school systems. The first grade has the largest number of pupils enrolled since the greatest volume of retardation occurs there (tables 3 and 4) . The second, third, and eighth grades had the smallest proportions of the total number of pupils enrolled in nonpublic elemen¬ tary schools in 1940-41. The public elementary schools have a greater percentage of retardation than the private and parochial schools. Enrollments in some private schools are more highly selected and are less heterogeneous than enrollments in city public schools. The greater percentage of kindergarten enrollment in the city public- school system than in private schools merely reflects the larger number of publicly supported schools on this level. In both private and public elementary schools the eighth grade had a higher percentage of the total enrollm nt in 1940-41 than in 1931-32 or 1932-33. For the private schools iv was 9.4 percent in the earlier year; for the city public schools, 9.0 percent. While the private- school enrollment in the eighth grade increased to 11.4 percent in 1940-41, the comparable public-school enrollment rose to 10.1 percent by 1939-40. Also, the proportion in the first grade decreased for both private and public schools during the 8-year period. These changes are indicative of less retardation and of changes in the age distribu¬ tion of population (fewer children), as well as of greater success in holding pupils through the higher grades. Pupils Per School The average size of nonpublic elementary schools was smaller in . 1940-41 than in 1932-33 (table 1). The largest reduction in the average number of pupils per school occurred in the group of schools listed under other denominations. The average size of enrollment per school in this group declined by 35.7 pupils between 1932-33 and 1940- 41. The Roman Catholic elementary schools decreased per school by 1 Reported by the National Catholic Welfare Conference, Department of Education. See table 16. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 0-42 an average of 26.9 pupils. Even so the Roman Catholic schools remained by far the largest institutions with an average enrollment of 256.1 pupils. School Property, Equipment, and Endowment The elementary private and parochial schools, which reported on property, owned buildings and grounds with an average valuation of $31,585; furniture, school apparatus, and other equipment valued at $2,307; and permanent endowment funds averaging $28,604 (table 5). The libraries of 1,150 schools reported an average of 431 bound volumes per school in 1940-41 as compared with the 1932-33 average of 370 books. Private Elementary Schools for Negroes There were 113 fewer Negro elementary private and parochial schools reported in 1940-41 than in 1932-33. Of the 71 schools reporting, only 3 were outside the South and these were in Wisconsin. There were 25 schools in Northern States, chiefly in New York, Penn¬ sylvania, and Illinois, which reported private elementary schools with both white and Negro pupils enrolled. A distribution, by grade, indicates that the enrollment in the first grade in Negro nonpublic schools is disproportionately large, being nearly 50 percent greater than that of the second grade (table 6). Of the total elementary enrollment 18.9 percent was in the first grade in 1940-41 as compared with 12.5 percent for private white schools and 14.0 percent for the public schools of city systems. The propor¬ tions of the total enrollment in the other grades in Negro schools corresponded closely to those of the private white schools and public elementary schools excepting in the eighth grade. The Negro schools had but 8.0 percent of the enrolled pupils in this final elementary grade, as compared to 11.4 percent for the private white schools, and 10.1 percent for the public schools in cities. The smaller eighth-grade enrollment in Negro private schools reflects the fact that most of these schools are in the Southern States where elementary school systems for the greater part extend through the seventh grade only. The 71 Negro private elementary schools which reported for this study enrolled 9,432 pupils, of whom 4,074 were boys and 5,358 were girls. The teaching personnel, which numbered 387, included 86 men. There was an average of 133 pupils enrolled in the Negro schools. All but 7 of the 71 elementary private schools for Negroes reported some religious affiliation or control. The Roman Catholic denomina¬ tion had 25 schools; and the Lutheran denomination was next with 19 schools. Other denominations reporting schools for Negroes were the Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregational. NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 5 Secondary Schools The 2,997 private secondary schools and academies reporting in 1940-41 represented an increase of 397 schools over the number reported in 1932-33 (table 7). Schools for girls increased 20 percent; those for boys, 15 percent; and coeducational institutions, 12 percent. While the number of nonpublic secondary schools increased but 15 percent from 1932-33 to 1940-41 the enrollment of students showed almost a 70 percent increase for the period. The number of teachers employed had increased by approximately 57 percent since 1932-33. The 457,768 students reported enrolled in 1940-41 by the private secondary schools included 5,733 Negroes. This number was reported by 60 secondary schools operated exclusively for Negroes and by 25 secondary schools primarily for white students but which admitted Negroes. These white schools were mostly supported by the Roman Catholic denomination. The increase of almost 70 percent in the total enrollment between the two periods with but a 15 percent increase in the number of schools reflects the recovery made by the private secondary schools and academies from the effects of the depression years. The 1932-33 school year marked the lowest point in the financial constringency of many of these schools. The increase in the number of graduates for 1940-41 over 1932-33 has a corresponding relationship to the recovery of enrollments by these private high schools as indicated in the 41 percent gain reported between the two periods. The increase in the average number of secondary teachers per school is another indication of the change in the economic status of these schools by 1940-41 as compared with 1932-33. Another sign of the return of relative prosperity to these private secondary schools is reflected in the average increase of 570 bound Volumes per library. This was a gain of around 21.6 percent over the 1932-33 figure (table 7). Number of Schools, by Religious Affiliation or Control Since 1894-95, the only denominational secondary schools to in¬ crease in numbers and student enrollment are those controlled by the Roman Catholic, Protestant Episcopal, and the Seventh-day Adven¬ tist groups (table 9). In the 46-vear period the Roman Catholic secondary schools reported increases of 1,825 schools and of 348,346 pupils. This expansion has been the result of a consistently pro¬ gressive growth from a relatively small beginning. In contrast, the Protestant Episcopal school data show fluctuations in both number of schools and enrollments. The increase in the number of students per school in this 46-year period is the most striking characteristic common to all private 631668°— 45 - 2 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 secondary schools. In 1894-95, the denominational schools reported an average of 57.6 students per school. By 1940-41 this number had increased to 161.0 students. The tendency on the part of various denominations has been toward a reduction in number of schools and an increase in the size of enrollment per school. Such movements over the period involved reflect the development in rapid and efficient transportation facilities as represented by school bus systems and utility companies which make possible the conveying of day students relatively long distances to and from school. Changes from 1932-33 to 1940-41 were similar to the long-time trends. While the total number of private high schools reported for 1940-41 was greater than in 1932-33, there were but two de¬ nominations which reported gains. The Roman Catholic schools increased by 407 and the Protestant Episcopal by 12 schools over the numbers reported for 1932-33. This increase of 419 schools added to 24 reported in the nonsectarian group and 15 for miscel¬ laneous denominations made a total of 458 schools as a gross gain over 1932-33. The Presbyterians and the Baptists had lost 19 and 14 secondary schools respectively since 1932-33; the Seventh-day Advent¬ ists maintained the same number; and the remaining denominations had a combined loss of 28 schools (table 11). The net increase in the number of these schools was a gain of 15 percent over the 1932-33 total. The reduction in enrollments of schools did not correspond to the changes in number of schools. While there were fewer Lutheran and Friends secondary schools in 1940-41 than in 1932-33, the enroll¬ ments were greater by 13.5 percent and 0.2 percent, respectively. The Seventh-day Adventists increased their enrollment 40.8 percent. In the case of the other denominations showing losses in numbers of schools between 1932-33 and 1940-41 the enrollment reductions were less proportionately than the decreases in number of schools. The changes in number of instructors between the two periods were comparable generally with those in student enrollment. The Roman Catholic schools showed an 86.4 percent increase in instructors be¬ tween 1932-33 and 1940-41 as compared with the 24.0 percent increase in number of schools. Of those denominations which reported decreases in number of schools one, the Friends, increased the number of instructors 4.5 percent. Holding Power of Private Secondary Schools The percentage distribution of the total enrollment, by year, for nonpublic and public high schools shows that there are but slight variations between the two types of secondary schools in their “hold¬ ing power.” For example, the 1940-41 percent distribution of enroll- NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 7 ment in the private high schools was as follows: First year, 30.7 percent; second year, 25.9 percent; third year, 22.6 percent; and fourth year, 20.5 percent. The corresponding percentages for the public high schools in cities in 1939-40 were 31.0, 27.3, 22.1, and 19.0 percent, respectively (table 10). Graduates For the school year ending June 1940 the number of high-school graduates was reported as 68,976. The number of 1940 graduates continuing their education by going to college or to other institutions was reported as 35,047 students, nearly 51 percent of those graduated. Of those continuing their education more than 83 percent went to college. Departments of Private Secondary Schools Reports from 2,322 secondary schools in 47 States3 included data on other departments or levels of education. Although the principal work offered by these schools was on the high-school level, many reported departments for elementary work, secondary postgraduate work, and junior college work. The secondary departments of these 2,322 schools reported 328,965 students enrolled and 21,967 instructors, a ratio of 15 students to an instructor. Compared with the city public high-school ratio of 30 students enrolled to an instructor the difference is striking. In this respect the standards between the privately and publicly supported secondary schools are widely at variance. The elementary departments maintained by these secondary private schools enrolled 317,100 pupils and employed 12,667 teachers in 1940-41. This was an average of 25 pupils per teacher as compared with 34 pupils per teacher in the publicly supported city elementary schools. Along with other features in the private educational program which the publicly supported school cannot expect to duplicate is the low pupil-teacher ratio. The maintenance of small classes is expensive, and, as a general rule, the tuition and other fees for attendance in private elementary and secondary schools of the proprietary type or independent religious order as distinguished from the parish parochial school are high. For this reason, it is not difficult to explain the prevalence of the major numbers of these schools in those States which have the largest urban centers of wealth. The private secondary schools are located in greatest numbers in those States with the greatest industrialization — States which report the largest number of persons paying Federal income taxes and average the highest pay¬ ments per person. * No private secondary school was reported for Nevada. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-4 2 Boarding Schools Of the 2,997 secondary private schools reported, 1,010 maintained boarding departments for their students in 1940-41 (table 13). A like number reported boarding facilities for students in 1932-33. Of the 976 white schools with boarding departments, 560 had enrollments of 100 or more students each and 416 had fewer than 100 students en¬ rolled. Those with religious affiliations or control numbered 649, and the schools classed as nonsectarian totaled 327. Thirty-four schools for Negroes had boarding departments in 1940-41. Of this number, 25 had enrollments of 100 or more students, and 9 had fewer than 100 students enrolled. Twenty-seven of the Negro schools reported religious affiliations or control, while 7 were nonsectarian. The majority of the schools offering boarding accommodations were cen¬ tered in the large cities of the more populous States. School Property, Equipment, and Endowment Noppublic secondary schools represent a considerable investment. Of 871 reporting on the value of buildings and grounds, the total value was $280,122,296, or an average of $321,610 (table 13). This amount is somewhat high, however, as many of the smaller or less wealthy institutions did not supply comparable data on this point. The 869 secondary schools for which information on the value of furniture, school apparatus, and other equipment was obtained valued this equipment at $30,775,911, or an average of $35,415 per school. The amount of permanent endowment funds reported by 248 institutions averaged almost $635,000. Again the reporting institu¬ tions were those with the greatest resources, but the size of the average endowment indicates the relatively strong position of such institutions in the educational system. Table 1. — Nonpublic elementary schools , teachers , and enrollment , by religious affiliation or control 1932- 33 and 1940-^4] NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 9 Average number of pupils per school 1940-41 1 ** W 1 51.8 95.4 121.6 61.6 57.0 80.9 51.9 256. 2 49.6 54. 1 74.5 1932-33 r- e* e* C5COOOOM tc ci d w h io *d co co o>* co tDOOMOiO O »0 OO ^ OC t>- Pupil-teacher ratio 1940-41 e* « M 25.9 22.2 17.0 38. 6 26.9 23.1 18.3 33.9 32. 1 23.0 17.7 1932-33 00 U5 M 25.3 26.8 12.3 33.6 18.3 17.9 14. 2 33. 6 23. 1 19.6 11.3 Enrollment 1940-41 Girls 1,074,027 457 510 1, 466 26, 564 874 1,079 2,317 1, 016, 488 1,484 1,604 21, 184 Boys s w oT r- o 476 444 1, 574 28, 248 608 1, 026 2, 873 1, 018, 694 1,595 2, 744 20, 970 Total r* N s N 933 954 3, 040 54,812 1,482 2, 105 5, 190 2, 035, 182 3, 079 4, 348 42, 154 1932-33 Girls 877, 492 910 689 1,724 32, 528 992 1,421 2, 137 813. 302 1,516 1, 182 21,091 Boys 879, 005 1, 014 737 1,841 34, 596 756 1,416 2, 593 811,499 1,650 1,782 21, 121 Total 1, 756, 497 1,924 1,426 3, 565 67, 124 1,748 2, 837 4, 730 1, 624, 801 3, 166 2, 964 42, 212 Number of teachers 1940-41 Women 61, 800 30 37 159 312 47 72 184 58, 898 84 138 1,839 Men s 6 6 20 1, 107 8 19 99 1,183 12 51 536 Total QO <3 36 43 179 1,419 55 91 283 60, 081 96 189 2,375 1932-33 Women ** 64 46 256 449 82 123 218 40, 748 119 121 2, 898 Men 4,008 cm cm co w co oc o »o i-» CC^T-I CC r- 1C rH cc O 1-1 CO GO Total « oT 76 53 288 1,996 95 156 333 42, 104 137 151 3, 743 Number of schools reporting 1940- 41 9,730 000*000 COOtJr T 1 CO CO aorsT co Mi 481 334 322 759 766 90 213 233 545 72 272 249 498 i-H 05 i CO o ,-T oo 0,< ’ll! S-sl > 111 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Table 3. — Comparison of enrollment, by grade, in nonpublic elementary schools and in public elementary schools in cities, for specified years Grade Nonpublic schools Percent of total en- rollment, by grade, in city public schools 1932-33 1940-41 1931-32 1939-40 Enrollment Percent Enrollment Percent Total . . . . . 1, 756, 497 100.0 2, 153, 279 100.0 100.0 100.0 Kindergarten 1 _ 39, 949 2.3 57, 341 2.8 6.0 5.6 First _ _ _ 232, 976 13.3 269, 153 12.5 15.2 14.0 Second... . . . 220, 574 12.5 253, 690 11.7 12.6 12.0 Third . . . 229, 458 13.1 255, 542 11.8 12.1 11.9 Fourth _ _ _ _ _ 228, 149 13.0 264, 873 12.3 11.9 12.0 Fifth _ _ 222, 087 12.6 270, 016 12.6 11.8 11.5 Sixth _ _ _ _ 210, 268 12.0 268, 675 12.5 11.0 11.4 Seventh.. . . . . 193, 869 11.0 266, 578 12.3 10.4 11.5 Eighth.. . . 164, 679 9.4 244,786 11.4 9.0 10.1 Unclassified _ . 14, 488 .8 2,625 .1 1 Includes nursery school enrollment. Table 4. — Elementary enrollment , by grade , in nonpublic schools, by religious affiliation or control , 1940—41 NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 13 Non sec¬ tarian U9 a> oornoicioNOiooNO ‘OOOOOWCOOCO'^COO Oi C Of-Hr-I GO i/5 -tHrHOOOiWNHHNO Nio^oo^oiooo't-Hco OhON'vOOCOOO H cc lO CO- CD N N N O Friends 3, 040 rHNOOOM»CiCCCOGO^ OJOINOiCC'HTtooiOlO r-COC^C^C^COCOCOCOTfi Congre¬ gational U9 ONrfiOHOCOHOJOliO c^^oot^t^oooot^c^oo Baptist 933 NOOMHN^iOOOONCO OONOONOOOOOMW Total W ohmoncoco»ooo«oio NtOTHtO»OOOOCO»ONCO oo^coio^ood'o^ci u: c ^ ig o r- c c Tf Grade Total. _ ... . _ _ Nursery school - - - Kindergarten . . . First.. . . . . . Second . . . . . . Third _ _ Fourth . . . . Fifth.. . . . . . Sixth . . . . . . . . . Seventh _ _ _ Eighth.. . . . Underclassified . . . . . 631668* — 45 - 3 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Table 5. — Libraries, value of plant and equipment, and endowments of nonpublic elementary schools, by State, 1940-41 State Num¬ ber of schools report¬ ing Bound volumes in library Num¬ ber of schools report¬ ing Value of buildings and grounds Num¬ ber of schools report¬ ing Value of furniture, school appa¬ ratus, and equipment Num¬ ber of schools report¬ ing Permanent endow¬ ment Continental United St-ates. 1, 150 495, 563 1, 197 $37, 806, 801 1,213 $2, 798, 887 61 $1,744,830 Alabama . 8 3, 065 24 227, 700 22 29, 550 Arizona... . . 1 60 2 114,000 2 31, 000 Arkansas. . . 10 4, 567 10 89, 700 10 7, 450 1 639 California . . 32 17, 009 28 848, 007 34 72, 043 2 38,000 Colorado... . . 11 4, 332 12 183, 044 11 11,000 1 2,600 Connecticut... _ 27 15, 865 21 1, 500, 684 32 191, 570 4 311, 702 Delaware.. . . . 1 32 Florida . . . . 3 3, 500 4 46, 000 5 8, 600 Georgia.. _ _ 1 500 1 200 Idaho _ _ 2 300 3 8, 000 ' 3 1,000 1 15 Illinois. . 263 130, 157 285 14, 367, 809 272 813, 192 13 165, 258 Indiana _ _ 65 19, 612 71 2, 058, 860 66 141, 192 2 15, 800 Iowa.. . . 61 11, 146 62 626, 050 58 100, 025 1 1,075 Kansas . . 45 10, 235 41 311,200 40 17, 560 3 12, 200 Kentucky _ 4 2,250 4 47, 000 3 5,600 1 3, 000 Louisiana.. _ 8 3,600 8 176, 000 8 17,850 Maryland _ _ . 9 4, 670 7 366, 500 8 35, 944 Massachusetts _ 20 35, 970 20 2, 439, 529 24 186, 060 4 95, 505 Michigan _ _ 71 20, 274 76 2, 058, 321 75 141, 415 Minnesota _ 70 12, 519 70 794, 400 75 59, 390 3 8, 300 Missouri. . . 77 40, 829 88 1, 647, 004 84 78, 804 2 4, 100 Montana . . 2 1, 114 1 25 Nebraska. __ ..... 77 10, 237 84 530, 252 80 32, 106 New Hampshire _ 128, 000 1 3,000 1 2, 500 New Jersey . . 9 3, 250 7 344, 000 10 39, 100 1 6, 226 New Mexico.. _ 2 330 2 12, 500 2 1, 150 New York _ 60 62, 926 44 3, 851,486 60 419, 876 13 1, 010, 750 North Carolina _ 3 1, 751 3 39, 606 3 10, 728 1 25, 000 North Dakota 1 50 1 1,000 1 300 Ohio . . 37 12, 197 37 1, 115, 000 37 51, 325 Oklahoma.. . 10 2, 105 10 32, 050 10 3, 475 1 550 Oregon _ 6 995 6 25, 800 6 2,200 Pennsylvania _ 16 18, 575 17 925, 150 18 58, 631 3 40, 000 Rhode Island ... . .. 1 1,000 1 25, 000 1 25, 000 South Carolina . . . 1 2, 000 1 138, 050 2 8, 950 South Dakota. .. ... 5 1,798 5 67, 000 4 1,550 1 100 Tennessee. .. _ 3 1,775 4 141, 194 3 15, 754 1 1, 000 Texas _ 37 6,487 37 296, 600 39 25, 090 1 500 Utah. . . . 4 5, 760 1 3,000 3 8, 059 Virginia . . . . 496 1 45,000 2 1,350 W ashington . 10 1,549 12 86, 450 12 9, 775 West Virginia _ _ 1 40 1 1,800 1 300 Wisconsin 71 20, 711 80 1, 937, 055 80 126, 673 Wyoming 3 225 3 22, 500 3 1,025 District of Columbia. 1 200 2 120, 000 1 4,000 Table 6. — Enrollment, by grade, in nonpublic elementary schools for Negroes, 1940-41 Grade Enroll¬ ment Percent Total _ _ 9,432 100.0 Nursery school. _ _ 58 0.6 Kindergarten _ _ 525 5.5 First . . . 1, 787 18.9 Second _ _ _ 1, 225 13.0 Grade Enroll¬ ment Percent Third . . 1, 107 11.7 Fourth . . 1,063 11.3 Fifth... . . 999 10.6 Sixth . . . . 963 10.3 Seventh _ _ . 952 10. 1 Eighth _ _ _ ... 754 8.0 NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 15 Table 7. — Number of schools , instructors , pupils , graduates, and bound volumes in libraries of nonpublic secondary schools from 1889-90 to 1940-41 Item Schools reporting. Secondary instructors: Total _ Men _ Women. Secondary pupils: TotaL. . Boys. Girls. Negro secondary above: Total.. . pupils included Boys Girls. Graduates (for schools reporting this item): Total _ Boys. Girls. Schools: For boys, only . . For girls, only _ Coeducational _ Enrollment in secondary: Boys sphools _ Girls schools _ Coeducational schools _ _ Secondary teachers to a school _ Secondary pupils to a school _ Secondary pupils to a teacher _ Libraries: Schools reporting _ Volumes (in thousands) _ Average number of volumes per school _ 1889-90 7,209 3, 272 3,937 47, 534 47, 397 8, 070 1899-1900 1,978 10, 117 4. 275 5, 842 4.4 58.2 13.2 961 55, 734 55, 063 2,300 990 1, 400 12, 216 6,226 5,990 5. 1 56.0 10.9 1,372 1, 734 1,234 1909-10 11, 146 4, 512 6, 634 117, 400 55, 474 61, 926 3,888 1, 408 2,480 6, 876 7, 533 348 511 922 26, 838 28, 317 62, 245 6.3 65.9 10.5 1, 222 1, 976 1919-20 1929-30 14, 946 5,698 9,248 184, 153 84, 222 99,931 9, 526 3, 185 6, 341 10, 590 13, 576 728 47. 925 55, 658 80, 570 7.1 88.0 12.3 1,801 3, 622 13, 434 309, 052 146. 517 162, 535 9,868 3, 248 6, 620 24, 285 27, 162 504 873 1,383 88, 137 91,605 129, 310 7.9 111.9 14.0 2, 549 6, 344 2,488 484 783 1,333 73.723 83,050 113, 355 7.4 103.8 14.1 2,173 5,738 1932-33 2,600 7, 294 11,881 270, 128 126, 210 143, 018 5,760 2, 172 3,588 23, 439 27. 518 2,997 0, 130 11,547 18,583 457, 768 214,463 243, 305 5,733 2, 007 3, 726 36, 561 35, 315 557 941 1,499 123, 140 134, 584 200. 044 10. 1 152.7 15.2 961 3, 857 4,013 Table 8. High-school enrollment, by year, in nonpublic schools , by religious affiliation or control, 1940-41 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 194 0-42 Nonsec¬ tarian U5 o 13, 335 13, 538 14, 825 15, 375 997 3, 484 Religious affiliation or control Other 6,486 1, 144 1, 477 1, 596 1, 551 142 576 Seventh- day Adventist a *-H O* O CO oi cm' 00 CO L-' 05 ^ 07 00 Pupil-teacher ratio 1940-41 15.2 O CM ^ C4 id J) o o »o 00 N CM o 1932-33 14.1 cm io oo Tt< co coco07 ^ CM 05 CM r-i ^ pd ,-h 00* Enrollment T O 2 Girls © CO eo cm 1,309 674 1,212 1,040 1,470 1,560 3, 025 203, 540 2,500 2,455 24, 520 Boys 1, 7o4 592 1,284 1,322 1,481 1,672 5, 498 157. 583 2, 212 4, 031 37, 034 Total 457, 768 3, 063 1,266 2,496 2,362 2, 951 3,232 8, 523 361, 123 4,712 6, 486 61, 554 1932-33 Girls 143,918 1, 564 959 1,210 915 1,797 2,040 2, 394 110, 891 1, 748 1,534 18, 866 Boys 126,210 2,110 845 1,280 1, 166 1,677 2, 494 4, 509 81,688 1,598 2,060 26,783 Total 1 G© 1 2 1 © 1 £ 3, 674 1,804 2, 490 2,081 3, 474 4, 534 6, 903 192, 579 3, 346 3, 594 45, 649 Number of teachers 1940-41 Women 18, 583 91 53 138 42 148 122 453 14, 440 181 246 2, 669 Men i „ § 154 28 140 102 132 90 591 6,536 213 335 3,226 Total 30, 130 245 81 278 144 280 212 1,044 20, 976 394 581 5, 895 1932-33 Women 11,881 © CO ^ CO 00 CM CM © CO CM 00 Ot-CO^OCMCOg J-.CMO 00 CM~ Men s r? 07 00 CM Q CO 07 07 uo CM CO 00 i© CO CO CM CO CO »o eg cm" cm" Total 19,175 259 144 266 163 304 391 891 11,045 288 318 5, 106 Number of schools report¬ ing 1940-41 © © e* 24 9 19 25 28 27 101 2, 105 70 53 536 1932-33 2, 600 00 00 CM ^ co 07 00 O 00 CM CO ^ CM CO CO 00 07 CO »"H CO «0 Religious affiliation or control Total _ _ _ Denominational. Baptist _ _ Congregational . . . Friends. . . . Lutheran . . . Methodist . . Presbyterian. ' _ Protestant Episcopal. . Roman Catholic _ .. Seventh-day Advent¬ ist. . ... Other _ _ _ Nonsectarian. . . NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 19 Table 12. — Distribution of secondary and collegiate pupils in nonpublic schools , 1906-7 to 1940-41 Enrollment i 1906- 07 1909-10 1914-15 1919-20 1927-28 1929-30 1932-33 1940-41 First year: Boys _ Girls _ Combined _ Percent of total 2-_ Second year: Boys . . Girls _ _ _ Combined.: _ Percent of total 2. Third year: • Boys... . Girls _ Combined _ Percent of total 2. Fourth year: Boys . . Girls _ _ Combined _ Percent of total 2. Unclassified students: 11,008 10, 848 21, 856 33. 1 9, 223 8, 387 17,610 26.5 7, 787 7, 050 14, 837 22.4 6, 141 5, 825 11,966. 18.0 17, 880 19, 895 37, 775 35.2 13, 851 15, 285 29, 136 27.1 10, 812 11,881 22, 693 21.2 8,251 9, 423 17, 674 16.5 23, 745 26, 921 50, 666 34.4 18, 622 20, 474 39, 096 26.6 14, 227 15, 997 30, 224 20.6 12, 721 14, 387 27, 108 18.4 27, 499 33, 409 61, 358 36.1 21,265 24, 384 45, 649 26.8 16, 355 18, 850 35, 205 20.5 12, 489 15,700 28, 189 16.6 39, 639 42, 547 82, 186 31.5 32, 626 35, 649 68, 275 26.2 28, 362 30, 846 59, 208 22.7 24, 534 26, 607 51, 141 19.6 44, 196 49, 169 93, 365 31.3 37, 409 41, 767 79, 176 26.5 31,314 34, 535 65, 849 22. 1 28, 454 30, 910 59, 364 19.9 36, 378 42, 899 79, 277 29.8 31, 864 37, 069 68, 933 25.9 28, 330 31,915 60,245 22.5 26, 736 29, 649 56, 385 21.2 62, 803 75,080 137, 883 30.8 53, 338 62, 685 116, 023 25.9 47, 546 53, 879 101, 425 22.7 45, 212 46, 761 91, 973 20.6 Boys _ Girls _ _ Combined _ Postgraduate and college: Boys.. . . Girls. . Combined _ 4, 724 6, 048 10, 772 1,440 1,540 2, 980 3, 435 5, 004 8, 439 4, 535 6,665 11,200 5, 144 6, 154 11, 298 3, 583 4,486 8, 069 2, 902 2, 386 5,288 2, 379 2, 458 4,837 701 575 1,276 4,863 4, 325 9, 188 1 No data collected prior to 1907. 2 Percentage based on total number of students in first, second, third, and fourth years. Table 13. — Libraries, value of plant and equipment, and endowments of nonpublic secondary schools, and number of schools maintaining boarding departments, by State, 1940-41 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 40-42 _ bo o a m . ay.sg.sa ic>0>0f0>0 MWIOION Oi "-I t© 00 O) O V (O h. 'K'-HrtrHN l SI 1 S o oo o o o ©Co a» kooo a> • 00 0 050 I 1C 00 >0 N INNOC5 o o o o S§§8o SSSSSfc^ o tuo ® o3 ^ O o o: o So a 3 W O 04 GO CO CO ^ CO iOCOt .CJrH ■ssgg-g^ SPSS'S ^S§SS3S 05 ^ r-l CO CO CO 04 ^ ^ 0000005 N^XOO 00^0500 ^ QO 00 CO CO O X >h 05 CO < oc io !NO)8 05 lO ^ - 05 ^ 04 I COrHOCOt OXCO»OCO NhONO CONOXO >OOMNN co CO 00 ^ O bJO g g-ss. 3 XI © *-« lOONO) C4-" ,-T cd h ^ N CO X 05C0rH ION 04 »o" od 00 00 S§8Si NX*OC( co" CO 00 y-4 C 005»ON. 05 04 O C ^f-TccT 1C 00 04 00 CO ^ 00 1-4 ^ oo 04 rd © co *d O CO ^ CO co co oo co s-s 0010005 CO ^ ’ NIOH »H tH •O M.® Bit 3gg *Jl > Ol — < O b- 00 lOOOH^ CO CO CO CO 05 co" cd *d — T 04" ■^HM05N O N 1C lO X 04" 05" ~h" io" © O CO CO 1— lO 04 CO 04 CO iO 00 CO »o *0 00 CO 05 H H ( co o co c 05 ^ O 04 < -r 05" io" < 050NO^ CO CO 05 ^ o 04 00 05 »C © co^o^oo 04 00 ^ O 00 04 CO CO O 04 i-H OO CO co v- w a o i2 B-c O b o a 3 !fl 0 to »C -H e<5 Ci -*f lO CO ■*< eorti-irtcvi a * s g-g § § 5 o 2 S ^ "2 'bo « §^is| UQ^oS ^ .as §|gfa •Z3X > CC <» T3 ' g j 3 .S3 ©.2 g.S? •b-Sb^-g 5 ce C3 03.S * a o.S"S 5 j£j 35 §2 g d X x C3 5? D m w 2XJ silisS ft>,o a ie|s w££>< £ & & Es © © © © 22222 forth Carolina... . . . . . I 17 I 61,691 II 17 I 2,950,686 NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 21 Table 14. — Graduates in 1940 and 1941 from nonpublic high schools having a course of 4 years, and number from class of 1940 continuing their education during 1940-41, by State 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Graduates in 1940, and number continuing their education Going to other institutions 4a O 4,327 H M x H COOOCD’* — ' OOO^OJH t^r^c^oco »-h CO CO CS CO gMNMO CD 00 CO g GO CD CO & o « s W CO O Jh D* CD 00 1 CggDcD050> ^ M *5 CO N CO ^ iO h • Total s <30 *o 05*^00 050* DCCDCDH CDOOC^COO 00 00 CD ^ CO — ' 03 lO ^ CO ^ O CO ^ CD lO 03 ^ lO XOINNN ^ CD ^ f-H (N CO M rH rHCO(N T-H rH Going to college Girls crs M e* 50 9 28 804 134 428 35 94 177 18 1, 089 135 226 107 239 348 151 223 922 565 382 62 336 63 142 Boys 50 44 25 743 115 909 43 87 276 8 1. 133 287 177 77 160 297 218 365 1,443 462 312 125 394 44 55 Total MS QO a> c* 100 53 53 1,547 249 1, 337 78 181 453 26 2, 222 422 403 184 399 645 369 588 2, 365 1, 027 694 187 730 107 197 Total students contin¬ uing their education Girls 17,557 64 11 34 937 166 603 36 117 215 19 1,372 173 302 141 340 588 219 308 1,261 766 469 79 503 73 178 Boys Oft 55 49 27 799 125 943 45 103 284 8 1,216 307 193 86 209 345 257 408 1, 480 532 368 129 396 49 60 Total r* ® e* 119 60 61 1,736 291 1,546 81 220 499 27 2,588 480 495 227 549 933 476 716 2, 741 1,298 837 208 899 122 238 Total number Girls 33, 801 246 60 64 1,416 305 1, 098 60 199 313 17 3,013 523 826 361 876 710 580 706 1,861 2, 032 822 133 1,215 136 329 Boys 35, 175 73 23 70 1,202 299 1,233 75 220 454 14 3, 125 527 657 243 523 957 689 743 2,265 1, 654 679 230 1, 089 122 222 Total 68, 976 319 83 134 2,618 604 2, 331 135 419 767 31 6, 138 1, 0 50 1,483 604 1, 399 1,667 1, 269 1, 449 4, 126 3, 686 1,501 363 2,304 258 551 Schools report¬ ing 2,006 05 Ci CD CD 00 *0 CO CDOhOJU) CQ 05 (M »D r-H lOCO^O 05 CS *0 CO Graduates in 1941 Girls 35,315 262 57 75 1, 354 292 1,240 63 194 268 30 3, 157 542 894 324 917 748 644 805 1,924 2,267 854 139 1,207 143 394 Boys 36, 561 107 19 97 1, 217 287 1, 340 87 219 510 23 3,392 553 647 254 481 969 684 747 2,363 1,760 763 221 1, 171 125 267 Total 71,876 369 76 172 2,571 579 2,580 150 413 778 53 6, 549 1, 095 1,541 578 1, 398 1, 717 1,328 1,552 4, 287 4, 027 1,617 360 2,378 268 661 Schools report¬ ing 2, 037 1000000 ^NOOO^f 00 CO 05 CD iO 05 CD CD ^ ^ N NhhOJN *0 CS ^?$05D*-*< 0«^005 © c3 CO Continental United States _ Alabama _ Arizona _ Arkansas. _ California _ _ Colorado _ _ Connecticut _ Delaware _ Florida _ Georgia _ Idaho _ _ Illinois _ _ Indiana _ _ Iowa.. _ _ Kansas _ Kentucky. _ _ _ Louisiana _ Maine. _ _ Maryland _ Massachusetts _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ Mississippi _ Missouri _ Montana _ Nebraska _ _ NONPUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS 33 212 20 773 4 28 8 12 16 86 3 32 59 5 22 1 : 2 s 23 102 13 216 4 104 11 10 201 9 4 21 33 20 18 33 18 i 56 314 33 989 4 28 17 16 37 119 ^ %m*co 1,806 16, 802 1,197 63, 487 i Lay 1 « 3" *8 §5 3^22^ 2&83S 82SS8 9 261 11 640 Religious §r sasgs sagss §gf§g !8j=i! ssgss 90 637 76 2,204 Total s s' §as§8 sssss ggg§§ |g|ig 99 898 87 2, 844 Number i S”28S3 s«§»-o S2£gg 82822 18 80 12 222 Elementary schools Enrollment Girls $ ; -H* SUSS fgsil ISeIS nisi isseis sisal sf-‘rf-- S8S=S a'ssss sf*s‘rf*-' ss»g Boys 1 s m& 8! isilf Hill siSSl Sills SSISe wVfi§v gfefeiWJ' «»«»©;* a^ogV Total 8 i ** Sills isill is§§g SSSSS ISIss IS2IS «co«®o 5 00=0 CM- gWoo «ONNN g888S 21SI -r Religious 1 g §§§11 15SS” ssiil sills Saasl “IS5I ~ ~ coci ^ ^ CM* tC Total i s Issll §383“ IS51I §§811 ISigs “iil§ « ~ .o-hVm cocsT ^ -T cm' of ! I 1 5 7,944 5SS3S sssssa gssgs SESgl gg|SS “S|S| State Continental United States . Alabama . . . . Arizona _ _ . Arkansas . . . . California . Colorado — . . . Connecticut . . Delaware . . Florida . Georgia . Idaho Illinois . . Indiana _ . _ _ Iowa.. . - . . . Kansas Kentucky _ . . Louisiana . Maine _ _ _ Maryland . . . . .. Massachusetts- . Michigan.. . Minnesota . . Mississippi . . . Missouri. . Montana . Nebraska _ Nevada . . New Hampshire . New Jersey . New Mexico . New York _ _ See footnote at end of table. Table 16. — Number of schools , teachers , and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, 1939-40 1 — Continued 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-4 2 Secondary schools Enrollment Girls 215 869 13, 038 907 1,227 23, 156 1,741 378 460 1,063 3, 754 160 939 1,180 2, 214 1,042 5, 417 82 1,972 Boys 134 664 10, 906 717 711 20, 282 2, 130 282 351 987 2,586 123 693 904 1,697 867 4, 750 56 1,204 Total 349 1,533 23, 944 1,624 1,938 43, 438 3, 871 660 811 2, 050 6, 340 283 1,632 2, 084 3, 911 1,909 10,167 ‘ 138 3,176 Teachers Lay CO P- OC CO *0 OO r-4 QO CO NOO^HOSN a> i— i CS CO i— < C*4 CM CM I-H rH CM »*h CO CO CM CO r-4 CO © State Continental United States. Alabama _ _ _ . Arizona . . .. . Arkansas _ California _ _ _ Colorado.. . . . . Connecticut . . . Delaware _ _ ... Florida.. . . . . . Georgia _ Idaho _ _ _ Illinois . . . Indiana _ Iowa _ _ Kansas _ _ _ Kentucky. . . Louisiana . . . Maine _ ... _ Maryland _ _ Massachusetts.. . . . Michigan . . . Minnesota.. _ _ Mississippi- _ Missouri _ _ _ Montana . . . . Nebraska... . . . . Nevada.. _ New Hampshire. . New Jersey . . New Mexico _ _ _ _ _ New York _ _ 27 See footnote at end of table. Table 17. — Number of schools , teachers , and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools , 1941-42 1 — Continued 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1940-42 Secondary schools Enrollment Girls 281 1,054 14,010 1,012 1, 357 24, 823 1,858 332 536 1, 127 4, 453 173 883 1,004 2, 248 1,044 5, 426 75 2,012 Boys 152 858 11, 142 972 850 20, 487 2, 380 248 423 1,070 3, 133 133 644 799 1,802 867 4,600 50 1,203 Total 433 1, 912 25, 152 1,984 2,207 45, 310 4,238 580 959 2,197 7, 586 306 1, 527 1,803 4, 050 1, 911 10, 026 125 3, 215 Teachers Lay CO*OCOrt<© COCMrHOOCM OOCM*H CT> HHfONH ©CO HH IQ rH CO H HN ^ Religious 48 103 1, 228 150 190 2, 003 181 31 96 109 491 19 88 121 289 97 549 9 160 Total 61 118 1, 461 174 206 2,296 213 32 114 121 545 26 101 155 308 115 621 10 209 Number of schools oot^^to^ ©^©©© cm©*h r- CM CM CM HH © .-hCMCM ho rH Elementary schools Enrollment Girls 1, 451 4, 251 61, 360 4, 346 3, 931 116, 181 13, 159 949 3, 092 2,962 21,818 434 3, 946 3, 087 6, 656 3, 063 47, 346 590 5, 597 Boys 1, 423 4, 342 62, 040 3, 923 3,719 120, 611 13, 095 922 3,025 2, 939 18, 127 384 4, 451 3, 204 6,564 3,181 49, 503 599 5, 455 Total 2, 874 8, 593 123, 400 8,269 7, 650 236, 792 26, 254 1,871 6,117 5,901 39, 945 818 8, 397 6,291 13, 220 6,244 96, 849 1,189 11, 052 Teachers Lay H^iO(N i ^OHOON CO Tt< iQ CO ©tOCO CM Religious 155 394 3, 250 340 250 6, 477 730 68 220 211 1,489 30 331 170 515 204 3, 051 46 317 Total ©00*00*0 O CT> CO 00 CM *0 *C ^©© © loor^oio i-h © © cm co co cm cm r- rt< ^h ^ Tf CO CM CM CM to CO H to CM© CO CO © r-T CO Number of schools »o co ^ co oo^h^cmoo © to © ^h © to ^ © CO *Q tH © © HNH^CO CM CO to CM to 00 CM ^ State North Caroling . . North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ — . Oklahoma _ _ _ Oregon . . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island _ South Carolina _ South Dakota _ Tennessee . . . Texas _ _ Utah . . . Vermont... . . Virginia . . Washington.. . . . West Virginia . . . Wisconsin. . . Wyoming . . . District of Columbia _ _ t Prepared by the Department of Education, National Catholic Welfare Conference. INDEX Administration, residential schools, V : 5-6. Administration and general expense : Higher institutions, IV : 30, 90-91, 154-203 ; land- grant institutions, IV : 258-265. Administrative control : Centralized librar¬ ies, VIII : 25-26 ; public and private resi¬ dential schools, V : 120-126, 134-142, 152- 161, 170-179. Administrative staff, intermediate and local basic units, III : 48-49. Administrative units : By State, II : 16 ; num¬ ber, II : 1-4 ; providing auxiliary services at public expense, III : 118-119. Admission requirements, schools of nursing, IV: 205-207. Age : High-school graduates, III : 70-71 ; Negro high-school graduates. III : 114 ; pupils, public and private residential schools for delinquent children, V : ISO- 189 ; school children on entering school, III : 62. Aggregate days attended, urban and rural schools, II : 14. Agriculture : Class enrollment, 1 : 48 ; de¬ grees conferred, land-grant institutions : IV : 234-235, 238-239, 242-243, 246-247 ; part-time and all-day schools, II : 38 ; resident enrollment, land-grant institu¬ tions, IV : 226-227 ; undergraduate en¬ rollments, land-grant institutions, IV : 226-233. Alaskan natives, Federal funds for educa¬ tion, II : 36. All-day vocational schools : Enrollment, I : 48 ; II : 38. Alves, Henry F. and Blose, David T. : Statis¬ tics of State School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42, III : 1-138. Annuity funds, higher institutions, IV : 58- 59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75, 78-79, 84-85, 88-89, 92-97 ; land-grant institu¬ tions, IV: 266-271. Architecture, land-grant institutions : De¬ grees conferred, IV : 236-237, 240-241, 244-247 ; resident enrollment, IV : 226- 233. Arts and sciences : Degrees granted, II : 27 ; IV : 234-235, 238-239, 242-243, 246-247 ; enrollment, II : 23 ; IV : 14-15, 34-37, 100- 153, 226-233. Assigned reading, number of libraries offer¬ ing service, by type of school, VIII : 48. Attendance : City school systems, VII : 24- 25, 38-39, 44-63 ; public day schools, I : 22 ; VII : 6-8 ; school, 1:6; schools for Negroes, 1 : 37. See also Average daily attendance ; Length of school term ; School attendance. Attendance service : Elementary and second¬ ary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119 ; public day schools, III : 56- 57. Audio-visual materials : Expenditures, school libraries, VIII: 29-30, 51. Auxiliary enterprises : Full-time day schools, city school systems, VII : 30, 64-102 ; higher institutions, IV : 58-59, 62-63, 66- 67, 70-71, 74-75, 78-79, 90-91, 154-203; land-grant institutions, IV : 250-265 ; Ne¬ gro public day schools, expenditures, III : 116 ; State school systems, III : 88-89, 92-93, 118-119. Average annual salaries of instructional staff ; City school systems, VII : 36-37, 42- 43 ; public day schools, III : 14-17, 37-38, 41-42, 111. Average daily attendance ; Negroes, II : 29 ; III : 36, 115 ; public day schools, III : 13- 14, 18, 20, 107-109 ; VII : 5, 8-9, 25, 29, 32-33, 38-39, 44-63 ; public elementary and secondary schools, III : 45-47 ; special schools and classes for exceptional chil¬ dren, V : 45-58, 65-93, 97-114 ; urban and rural schools, II: 14; III: 39-40, 126- 127 ; white and Negro schools, III : 111. Average length of school term, urban and rural areas, III : 126-127. Average length of school year, public day schools, VII : 29, 32-33, 38-39. Average number of pupils per school, private elementary schools, IX : 9, 18. Bachelor’s degrees, number granted, IV : 17, Badger, Henry G., and others: Statistics of Higher Education, IV : 1-295. Balance on hand, city school systems, VII : 34-35, 40-41. Bankhead-Jones funds, land-grant institu¬ tions, IV: 212-213, 272-279. Basic administrative units, by level of in¬ struction, III : 50-51. Beust, Nora E. and Foster, Emery M. : Sta¬ tistics of Public-School Libraries, 1941- 42, VII : 1-54. Binding and rebinding, school libraries, ex¬ penditures, VIII : 29-30, 51. Births, estimated number, 1 : 10. Blauch, Lloyd E. and others: Statistics of Higher Education, IV : 1-295. Blind, residential schools, 1 : 13 : V : 9, 115- 133. Blind and deaf, residential schools, V : 117— 119. 1 INDEX 2 Blind and partially seeing : Enrollment, city schools, I: 13; V: 7, 10, 22-24; resi¬ dential schools and special schools and classes, V : 11-15 ; special schools and classes, V : 25-44 ; special supervisors, principals, and other nonteaching staff, V: 16-21. Blose, David T. and Alves, Henry F. : Statis¬ tics of State School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42, III: 1-138. Boarding departments, nonpublic secondary schools, IX : 8, 20-21. Boards of education, composition, III : 48- 49. Bonded indebtedness, city school districts, VII: 17-18. Bonds and sinking funds, city school sys¬ tems, VII : 21, 65-103. Book service provided, by type of school, VIII : 48. Book stock : Libraries, higher institutions, II : 40 ; VI : 4-9, 36-104 ; public libraries, II : 39. Books, periodicals, binding and rebinding, libraries, higher institutions, VI : 22-28, 37-105. Books and pamphlets, expenditures, school libraries, VIII : 29-30, 51. Boys : Enrollment, public and private schools, III : 120-121, 135-136 ; high-school grad¬ uates, number, III : 70-71. Buildings and grounds : Higher institutions, IV : 32, 154-203 ; public schools, III : 96- 97 ; State school systems, III : 76-77. Busses, State school systems, capital outlay, III: 94-95. California, county library service, VIII : 10. Capital outlay : City school systems, VII : 15-16, 21, 23, 27, 31, 36-37, 42-43, 65- 103 ; higher institutions, IV : 90-91, 154- 203 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 258- 265 ; libraries, higher institutions, II : 40 ; VI: 21-28, 37-105; public and private residential schools for exceptional children, V: 120-126, 134-142, 152-161, 170-179; public day schools. III : 39, 117, 129-131 ; public schools, by State, III : 88-89 ; State school systems, III : 29-30, 94-95. Capper-Ketcham funds, land-grant institu¬ tions, IV: 272-279. Carpenters, painters, etc., public day schools, III: 56-57. Catholic elementary and secondary schools : Number, III : 137-138 ; teachers and en¬ rollment, IX: 25-28. Centralized libraries, II : 41 ; VIII : 11-13 ; administrative control, VIII : 25-26 ; by educational level, VIII : 14, 16-19, 24-25, 31, 36-37, 46-47, 49 ; definition, VIII : 8- 9 ; elementary schools, number of volumes, VIII : 38-39 ; high schools, number of volumes, VIII : 40-41 ; in schools, VIII : 34-35 ; training of librarians, VIII : 21- 23 ; volumes added, by type of school sys¬ tem, VIII : 20. Church, income from, added to physical plant, higher institutions, IV : 82-83, 86-87. Circulation of books : College and university libraries, II : 40 ; VI : 4-9, 36-104 ; public libraries, II : 39. City school systems : Enrollment, excep¬ tional children, 1 : 13 ; expenditures per pupil, 1 : 45 ; historical summary for spe¬ cial schools and classes, V : 7-8 ; libraries, VIII: 14-16, 18, 21, 24-25, 27-30; per pupil cost, II : 35 ; statistics, VII : 1-103. Civilian Conservation Corps, Federal funds, II : 37. Clarke-McNary funds, land-grant institu¬ tions, IV: 272, 279. Classroom book collections, VIII : 8-9, 11-15, 18-20, 24, 34-41. Clerical assistants : College libraries, VI : 11 ; State offices of education, III : 52-53. College and high-school student aid, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40 (Dunbar and Foster), VI : 1-105. Colleges : Defense training, Federal funds, II : 37 ; graduates, number, 1 : 19, 32 ; II : 13, 26 ; IV : 19-20 ; survival rates, 1 : 39- 41 ; II : 31. Colleges, universities, and professional schools, public and private, number, 1:3; expenditures, II : 34-35. Colleges and universities : Library statis¬ tics, II : 40 ; number, VI : 3. See also Higher institutions. Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Federal funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. Commerce, land-grant institutions : Degrees conferred, IV: 234-235, 238-239, 242- 243, 246-247 ; resident enrollment, IV : 226-227 ; undergraduate enrollment, IV : 226-233. Commercial and business schools, number of teachers, 1 : 35 ; II : 28 Comparison public and nonpublic elementary and high-school enrollment, IX : 12, 17. Correspondence courses : Higher institu¬ tions, I: 31; IV: 46-47, 52-53; land- grant institutions, IV : 218-223. County, city, and district governments, re¬ ceipts, higher institutions, IV : 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73, 76-77, 80-83, 86-87. County administrative units, III : 50-51. County funds, income for school libraries, . VIII : 50. County libraries, VIII : 10-11. Courses, schools of nursing, length, IV : 204-205. Crippled children : Enrollment, city school systems, 1 : 13 ; V : 10, 22-23 ; home and hospital instruction, V : 24 ; residential schools and special schools and classes, V : 11-15 ; served by special supervisors, principals, and other nonteaching staff, V : 16-21 ; special schools and classes, V : 7, 25-44, 65-83. INDEX 3 Current expenses : Full-time day schools, VII : 26, 30, 64-102 ; Negro public day schools, III : 117 ; State school systems, III: 26-29, 88-95, 129-131; urban and rural public day schools, III : 39. Current receipts, higher institutions, IV : 26. Day schools : Comparative summary of per¬ sonnel and fiscal statistics, city school systems, VII : 20-23, full-time enrollment, 1 : 4-5. Deaf : Public and private residential schools, V : 116-119, 134-151 ; residential schools, I: 13; V: 9, 115. Deaf and hard-of-hearing : Enrollment, city school systems, 1 : 13 ; V : 7, 10, 22-23 ; home and hospital instruction, V : 24 ; residential schools and special schools and classes, V : 11-15 ; served by special su¬ pervisors, principals, or other nonteaching staff, V : 16-21 ; special schools and classes, V : 25—44. Debt service : City school systems, VII : 21, 27, 31, 65—103 ; Negro public day schools, III: 117; public schools, III: 9&-97 ; State school systems, III : 30. Defense training, Federal funds, II : 37. Deffenbaugh, Walter S. and Herlihy, Lester B. : Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941^2, VII : 1-103. Degree-granting institutions : Enrollment, IV : 13-16 ; financial data, IV : 38-39, 41, 43 ; staff, by type, level, and sex, IV : 9. Degrees granted : Higher institutions, num¬ ber, 1 : 28-29, 32-34 ; II : 23, 26-27 ; IV : 5, 16-19, 33-35, 46-^7, 55; land-grant institutions, IV : 234-247 ; professional schools, IV : 56. Delicate children : Enrollment, city school systems, 1 : 13 ; V : 10, 22-23 ; home and hospital instruction, V : 24 ; residential schools, city school systems, V : 11—15 ; special schools and classes, V : 16-21, 25-44, 84-93 ; schools and classes, V : 7. Delinquent children, residential schools, I : 13 ; V : 9, 115-119, 170-199. Dental examinations, elementary and second¬ ary schools, provided at public expense, III: 118-119. Dentistry, land-grant institutions : Degrees granted, IV: 236-237, 240-241, 244-245, 246-247 ; resident enrollment, IV : 226- 227 ; undergraduate enrollment, IV : 226- 233. Deputy and assistant State superintendents and commissioners of education, number, III: 52-53. Directors, heads, and chiefs of services, State offices of education, III : 52-53. Disbursements, land-grant institutions, 1862 land-grant fund, IV : 288-293 ; First Mor¬ rill Act, IV: 288-295; Second Morrill Act, IV: 280-287. Distributive education, enrollment, 1 : 48 ; II: 38. District of Columbia : Federal funds for schools, II : 36 ; funds for public schools, 1 : 46. Doctor’s degrees, number granted, by sex, IV: 17. Dormitories, land-grant institutions, value, IV: 266-267. Dunbar, Ralph M. and Foster, Emery M. : College and University Library Statistics, 1939-40, VI: 1-105. Earned degrees, IV : 16-18. Education : Degrees conferred, land-grant institutions, IV: 236-237, 240-241, 244- 245, 246-247 ; enrollment, land-grant in¬ stitutions, IV : 226-233 ; WPA program, I: 46. Educational attainment of the population, 1 : 41 ; II : 31-32 ; III : 43. 1862 land-grant fund : Endowment income, IV : 272-279 ; receipts and disbursements, IV : 288-293. Elementary and secondary schools : Enroll¬ ment, III : 13-14, 60-61, 63-65, 135-136 ; income, 1 : 43 ; II : 33 ; Negroes, II : 29 ; number, 1 : 3 ; statistical summary, II : 20-21 ; III : 45-47 ; teachers employed, III : 134. Elementary schools : Catholic, number, III : 137—138 ; comparison, public and private, IX : 12 ; enrollment, I : 11, 16-17 ; III : 7-9, 59, 113; IV: 10; V: 10, 59-64, 94- 95, 111-113; VIII: 36-37; IX: 13, 14; expenditures, 1 : 44 ; II : 34-35 ; library service, III: 118-119; VIII: 14, 18, 21, 34-35, 38-39, 46-48 ; number, 1 : 3 ; III : 50—51, 76-77 ; IV : 4 ; personnel and finan¬ cial data, III : 107 ; statistical summary, III : 109 ; survival rates, 1 : 39-40 ; II : 31 ; teachers, IX : 10—11, 25—28 ; train¬ ing of librarians, VIII : 42-43 ; value of property and endowment, 1 : 47. Employees, public and private residential schools for delinquent children, V : 170— 179. Endowments : Educational institutions, value, 1:47; higher institutions, IV : 23, 92-97 ; VI : 17-21, 37-105 ; land-grant in¬ stitutions, IV : 250-257, 266-277 ; sec¬ ondary schools, IX : 20-21. Engineering, land-grant institutions : De¬ grees conferred, IV : 234-235, 238-239, 242-243, 248 ; resident enrollments, IV : 226-227 ; undergraduate enrollments, IV : 226-233 Engineering, Science, and Management War Training funds, land-grant institutions, IV : 278. Enrollments : City school systems, VII : 2-5, 20, 44-63 ; elementary schools, 1 : 7-11 ; III : 7-9 ; full-time day schools, 1 : 4-5 ; II : 4-5 ; VII : 24 ; higher institutions, 1 : 7, 28, 30 ; II : 22, 24, 30, 40 ; IV : 4, 9-16, 36-37, 44-47, 52-53; junior col¬ leges, II : 25 ; IV : 6 ; kindergartens, 1 : 7- 8 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 226-227 ; INDEX 4 Enrollments — Continued Negroes, 1:37; 111:35-37, 112; night schools, VII : 19, 25 ; private schools, 1 : 16-18 ; II : 12 ; III : 135-136 ; IX : 9- 11, 14-19, 25-28; professional schools, IV : 54 ; public and private high schools, IX : 17 ; public day schools, 1:22; II : 8, 16; 111:5-9, 38-40, 59, 66-69, 72, 120- 125 ; VII : 8-9, 29, 32-33, 38-39 ; residen¬ tial schools for exceptional children, I : 13 ; part-time and continuation schools, VII : 25 ; private elementary schools, II : 12 ; III : 137-138 ; IX : 2-4, 24 ; pub¬ lic high schools, 1:11, 14-16; public schools, II : 10-11 ; III : 45-47, 60-61, 63- 65 ; VIII : 7, 12-13 ; resident colleges, IV : 33 ; residential schools for exceptional children, V : 11-13, 15, 127-133, 143-151, 162-179 ; schools of nursing, 1 : 34 ; II : 27 ; IV : 207, 209-210 ; secondary schools, 1 : 6-12 ; III : 9-11 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 22-23, 28, 114 ; summer schools, II :24-25 ; VII : 19, 25 ; summer sessions, higher institutions, 1:30; urban and rural schools, II : 14 ; III : 39—40 ; vocational schools and classes, II : 38 ; white and Negro pupils, III : 113. Epileptic : Enrollment, city schools, 1:13; V : 13, 22-24 ; personnel, finance, and in¬ structional organization, special schools and classes, V : 94—95 ; residential schools and special schools and classes, V : 11-15 ; served by special supervisors, principals, and other nonteaching staff, V : 16-21 ; special schools and classes, V : 8, 25-44. Equipment : Expenditures, school libraries, VIII : 5 ; higher institutions, IV : 92-97, 154-203 ; land-grant institutions, value, IV : 266-271 ; school libraries, expendi¬ tures, VIII : 29-30 ; special schools and classes for blind and partially seeing children, V : 45-51 ; State school systems, capital outlay, III : 94-95. Evening and adult, summer, and part-time and continuation schools, expenditures, III : 96-97. Evening vocational schools and classes, en¬ rollment, 1 : 48 ; II : 38. Exceptional children : Provisions for spe¬ cial classes, 1 : 12-13 ; II : 9 ; special schools and classes, V : 1-199. See also Residential schools for exceptional chil¬ dren. Expenditures : City school systems, 1 : 45 ; VII: 26-27, 31, 36-37, 42-43, 64-103; higher institutions, 1 : 29 ; II : 23-24 ; IV : 5, 29-31, 40-42, 90-91, 154-203; land- grant institutions, IV : 258-265 ; libraries, higher institutions, II : 40 ; VI : 28, 37- 105 ; Negro public day schools. III : 116 ; Negro summer, evening, adult, and part- time schools, III : 117 ; night schools, VIII : 19 ; public and private education, 1 : 44-45 ; II : 34-37 ; public day schools, I: 23-24; II: 17-18, 20-21; public li- Expenditures — Continued braries, II : 39 ; public-school libraries, II : 42 ; public schools. III : 25-34, 46, 88-89, 96-97, 106 ; VII : 12-16 ; residential schools for exceptional children, V : 11, 119-126, 143-161, 170-179 ; special libra¬ ries, VIII : 28—30, 51 ; schools of nursing, IV : 208-210 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 52-93, 97- 114 ; State departments and boards of edu¬ cation, III : 104-105 ; State plans for voca¬ tional education, II : 38 ; State school sys¬ tems, III : 30-32 ; summer schools, VII : 19 ; urban and rural schools, II : 14 ; III ; 39-42 ; vocational education, Federal, State, and local money, 1 : 48. Extension courses : Higher institutions, I : 31; II: 24-25; IV: 30, 46-53, 90-91, 154-203 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 214- 223, 258-265. Facilities, land-grant institutions, Second Morrill Act, IV: 280-295. Faculty and students, higher institutions, IV: 100-153. Federal aid for vocational education, III : 83-85. Federal appropriations, State departments and boards of education, III : 104-105. Federal expenditures for education, 1 : 45- 46; II: 35-37. Federal funds : Higher institutions, IV : 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73, 76-77, 80- 83, 86-87 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 272-277 ; vocational education, 1 : 48. Federal legislation, land-grant institutions, IV: 211. Federal oil and mineral royalties for schools, I : 46 ; II : 36. Federal schools for Indians and Natives of Alaska, 1 : 35, 44 ; II : 28, 36. Federally aided vocational education, 1 : 47- 48 ; II : 37-38. Fees, State departments and boards of edu¬ cation, III: 104-105. Finances : Higher institutions, IV : 33, 38- 43 ; libraries, higher institutions, VI : 37, 105 ; public day schools, 1 : 23-25 ; II : 17-18 ; public schools, I : 26 ; II : 20-21 ; III : 21-34, 45-47, 107-109 ; special schools and classes for exceptional chil¬ dren, V: 45-95, 97-114. Fine arts, land-grant institutions : Degrees conferred, IV: 236-237, 240-241, 244- 245, 248 ; resident enrollments, IV : 226- 227 ; undergraduate enrollment, IV : 226- 233. First Morrill Act. See 1862 land-grant fund. Fixed charges : Full-time day schools, city school systems, VII : 31, 64-102 ; public schools, III : 88-89 ; State school systems, III : 94-95. Foster, Emery M. : Statistical Summary of Education, 1939-40, 1 : 1-51 ; Statistical Summary of Education, 1941-42, II : 1- 42 ; and Beust, Nora E. : Statistics of Pub- INDEX 5 Foster, Emery M — Continued lic-School Libraries, 1941-42, VIII : 1-54 ; and Dunbar, Ralph M. : College and Uni¬ versity Library Statistics, 1939—40, VI : 1-105 ; and Martens, Elise H. : Statis¬ tics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, V : 1-199. Free textbooks, State school systems, cost, III: 90-91. Full-time day schools : City school systems, VII : 24-25 ; enrollment, 1 : 4-5 ; II : 4-9 ; III : 63-65 ; III : 96-97 ; VII : 26, 64-102. Full-time librarians, number, VIII : 20-21. General administration : Higher institutions, staff, IV : 48-51 ; land-grant institutions, staff, IV: 214-217. General control : Full-time day schools, city school systems, current expenses, VII : 30, 64—102 ; Negro public day schools, III : 116 ; public day schools, VII : 14 ; public schools, VII : 15—16 ; State school systems, III: 90-91. General trends, higher institutions, IV : 2-6. Gifts and grants, land-grant institutions, IV: 250-257. Girls: enrollment, III: 120-121, 135-136; high-school graduates, number, III : 70-71. Governmental sources of income, land-grant institutions, IV : 250-257. Graduate enrollments, land-grant institu¬ tions, IV : 226-233 ; professional schools, IV: 54. Graduate nurses, public and private resi¬ dential schools for delinquent children, V: 189-199. Graduate students, land-grant institutions, enrollment, IV : 226-233. Graduates : High schools and colleges, I : 19 ; higher institutions, II : 13, 26 ; IV : 55, 57 ; schools of nursing, 1 : 34 ; II : 27 ; IV : 204, 207, 209-210 ; secondary schools, II: 13; III: 12, 70-71, 114; IX: 7, 15, 22-23 ; teacher-training curricula, IV : 54. Grounds, buildings, and improvements : Higher institutions, IV : 92-97 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 266-271. Hatch-Adams funds, land-grant institutions, IV: 272-279. Health and recreational workers, public day schools, number, III : 56-57. Health promotion, Negro public day schools, expenditures, III : 116. Herlihy, Lester B. : Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1940- 41, IX : 1-28 ; and Deffenbaugh, Walter S. : Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42, VII : 1-103. High schools : Enrollment ,1 : 15 ; II : 11 ; graduates, 1 : 18-19 ; II : 12-13 ; III : 70- 71 ; 114 ; library service, VIII : 14, 18, 21, 34-37, 40—41, 44-4S ; type and size, I : 13-16 ; survival rates, 1 : 39-40 ; II : 31. See also Secondary Schools. Higher education, II : 22-27. Higher institutions : Degrees conferred, II : 26- 27 ; IV : 16-19, 55 ; endowment earn¬ ings, IV : 23 ; enrollment, 1 : 5, 7, 30 ; II : 5-9, 30 ; IV : 9-16, 52-53 ; expenditures, I : 44 ; IV : 29-31, 90-91, 154-203 ; finan¬ cial data, IV : 38—43 ; general trends, IV : 2-6 ; historical summary, IV : 33 ; in¬ come, 1 : 43 ; II : 33, 58-89 ; libraries, 1 : 50-51 ; II : 39-40 ; nondegree gradu¬ ates, IV : 57 ; nonsalaried service, IV : 27- 28 ; number, II : 3 ; private gifts and grants, IV : 26-27 ; sales and services of organized activities, IV : 28 ; specializa¬ tion of graduates, IV : 55 ; staff, 1 : 35-36 ; II : 28 ; IV : 6-9, 34-37, 44-51, 100-153 ; statistics, IV : 1-295 ; student fees, IV : 23 ; summary data, 1 : 28-34 ; value of property 1 : 47 ; IV : 31-32, 92-97. Historical summary : Higher institutions, IV : 33 ; public and private residential schools for exceptional children, V : 9 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 7-8. Holding power of private secondary schools, IX: 6-7. Home and hospital instruction, exceptional children, IV: 4, 22-27. Home economics : Degrees conferred, land- grant institutions, IV : 236-237, 240-241, 244-245, 248 ; enrollment : 1 : 48 ; II : 38 ; IV : 226-233. Home instruction, exceptional children, V : 10. Home teachers, special schools and classes for crippled children, V : 65-95. Honorary degrees, IV : 18-19. Hospital instruction, exceptional children by grade level and type : V : 10. Hospital teachers, special schools and classes for crippled children, V : 65-93. Howard University, Federal funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. Illinois, county library service, VIII : 10. Income : Higher institutions, IV : 21-28 ; 38-39, 58-69, 70-89 ; land-grant institu¬ tions, IV, 250-257 ; libraries, higher insti¬ tutions, VI : 16-21 ; public-school libraries, II : 41 ; VIII : 26-28, 50 ; sources, 1 : 42- 43 ; II : 32-34 ; III : 82. Indebtedness : City school systems, VIII : 18 ; State school systems, III : 33-34 ; urban and rural public day schools, III : 39. Indian schools, expenditures, 1 : 44. Indians and natives of Alaska, Federal schools, number of teachers : 1 : 35 ; II : 28, 36. Industrial or trade teachers, residential schools for mentally deficient, V : 162- 169. Institutions of higher education, IV : 1-203. Instruction : City school system, current ex¬ penses, VIII: 14-16, 30, 64-102; IV: 90-91 ; Negro public day schools, III : 116 ; public schools, III : 88-89 ; residential schools for exceptional children, expend!- 6 INDEX Instruction — Continued tures, by State and type of children, Y : 119 ; State School systems, cost, III : 90- 91. Instructional staff : City school system, VIII : 44-63 ; higher institutions, IV : 4, 6-8; Negro schools, III: 37-38; 115; public day schools, III : 14-19, 54-55 ; public high schools, II : 10-11 ; residen¬ tial schools for exceptional children, V : 127-133, 143-151, 162-169; schools of nursing, IV : 207-208, 210 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 45-95 ; 97-114 ; urban and rural schools, III : 39, 41-42, 126-127 ; III ; 111. Interest on indebtedness : City school sys¬ tems, VII: 15-16, 21, 23, 36-37, 42-43; public day schools, III : 29-30, 129-130 ; public schools, III : 88-89, 96-97. Interlibrary loans, libraries, higher institu¬ tions, VI : 4-9, 10. Intermediate units, administrative staff, III, 48-49. Janitors, engineers, etc., public day schools, III, 56-57. Journalism, land-grant colleges : Degrees conferred, IV: 236-237, 240-241, 244- 245, 249 ; resident enrollments, IV : 226- 227 ; undergraduate enrollments, IV : 226- 233. Junior colleges : Enrollment, 1 : 31-32 ; II : 25, IV: 6; expenditures, IV: 154-203; faculty and students, IV : 100-153 ; li¬ brary statistics, II : 40 ; number, VI : 3 ; resident instructional staff, IV : 7. Junior high schools : Enrollment, 1 : 14 ; II : 10 ; V : 10 ; personnel and financial data, III : 107. Junior-senior and undivided high schools : Number, instructional staff, enrollment, I: 14; II: 11. Junior-senior high schools, personnel and financial data, III : 108. Kelly, Frederick J. and others: Statistics of Higher Education, IV : 1-295. Kindergartens and elementary schools : En¬ rollments, 1 : 5 ; II : 5-9 ; III : 66-69, 112, 122-125, 135-136 ; teachers, 1 : 35 ; II : 28; III : 134. Kindergartens, enrollments, 1 : 7-8. Laboratory equipment, furniture, and fix¬ tures, State school systems, III : 94-95. Land, buildings, and equipment, educa¬ tional institutions, 1 : 47. Land-grant institutions : Degrees conferred, IV: 234-247; enrollment, IV: 222-225; expenditures, IV : 258-265 ; Federal funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36 ; income, IV : 250-257 ; resi¬ dent college enrollment, IV : 226-233 ; sta¬ tistics, IV: 211-295. Law, land-grant colleges : Degrees conferred, IV : 236-237, 240-241, 244-245, 249 ; res¬ ident enrollments, IV : 226-227 ; under¬ graduate enrollments, IV : 226-233. Leases of school lands, State school sys¬ tems, receipts, III : 80-81. Leisure reading, number of libraries offer¬ ing service, by type of school, VIII : 48. Length of course, schools of nursing, IV : 204-205. Length of school day, schools for Negroes, II: 29. Length of school term : City school systems, VII : 44-63 ; public day schools, 1 : 22 ; II: 16; III: 17-18, 73-75; schools for Negroes, 1 : 36-37 ; urban and rural schools, II : 14 ; III : 39-41 ; white and Negro schools, III : 111. Length of school year, public day schools, city school systems, VII : 6-8. Librarians, full-time and part-time, VIII : 20-21. Libraries : Higher institutions, 1 : 50—51 ; VI : 1-105, 154—203 ; nonpublic elementary schools, IX : 14 ; public school, II : 40-42 ; role in education, 1 : 48-51 ; statistics, II : 38-42 ; Library books, State school sys¬ tems, capital outlay, III : 94-95. Libraries : Land-grant institutions, expendi¬ tures, IV : 258-265 ; nonpublic secondary schools, IX : 15, 20-21 ; public-school sta¬ tistics, VIII : 1-54. Library science, land-grant institutions : Degrees conferred, IV : 236—237 ; 240—241, 244-245, 249 ; resident enrollments, IV : 226-227 ; undergraduate enrollment, IV : 226-233. Loan collections only, public schools, VIII: 9, 11-15, 18-19, 34-41. Loan funds, higher institutions, income, IV : 84-85, 88-89. Local basic units, administrative staff, III : 48—49. Local school funds, income for school li¬ braries, VIII: 50. Maintenance : Full-time day schools, VII : 30, 64-102 ; public day schools, III : 116 ; VII : 14, public schools, III : 88-89 ; VII : 15- 16 ; State school systems, III : 92-93. Martens, Elise H. and Foster, Emery M. : Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, V : 1-199. Master’s degrees, number granted, by sex, IV: 17. Medicine, land-grant institutions : Degrees conferred, IV: 236-237, 240-241, 244- 245, 249 ; resident enrollments, IV : 226- 227 ; undergraduate enrollments, IV : 226— 233. Men : Number receiving degrees, IV : 17-18; Students, higher institutions, enrollment, IV : 12-14 ; teachers, III : 134 ; IV : 8-9. Mentally deficient : Enrollment, city school systems, 1 : 13 ; V : 10, 22—23 ; home and hospital instruction, V : 24 ; residential schools, 1 : 13 ; V : 9, 11-15, 115-119, 152- 169 ; served by special supervisors, prin¬ cipals and other nonteaching staff, V : 16- 21 ; special schools and classes, V : 7, 25-44, 97-110. INDEX 7 Mentally gifted: Enrollments, city schools, 1 : 13 ; IV : 10, 22—23 ; residential schools, V*: 11-15; served by special supervisors, principals, and other nonteaching staff, V : 16-21 ; special schools and classes, V : 8, 25-44, 114. Minnesota, county library service, VIII : H- Morrill and Supplementary Morrill Funds for land-grant institutions, IV : 213. Morrill-Nelson funds, land-grant institutions, IV : 213 ; and Bankhead-Jones funds, IV : 212. Music, land-grant institutions : Degrees con¬ ferred, IV: 236-237, 240-241, 244-245, 249 ; resident enrollments, IV : 226-227 ; undergraduate enrollments, IV : 226—233. National forest funds for education, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. National grazing funds for education, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. National Training School for Boys, funds, I : 46; II: 36. National Youth Administration, college and high school aid, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. Negro land-grant institutions, statistics, IV : 211-295. Negro pupils : Enrollment by grade, III : 112, 113 ; high-school graduates, number, sex, and age, III: 114; private elementary schools, enrollment, IX : 4, 14 ; public day schools, III: 109-110, 115-117; school survival rates, II : 30—31 ; schools, 1 : 36— 38; II: 29-30; III: 34-38; schools of nursing, IV : 208, 210. Night schools, city school system : VII : 3, 19-21, 25, 27, 65-103. Non-degree graduates, higher institutions, IV: 57. Non-degree-granting institutions : Enroll¬ ment, IV : 13-16 ; financial data, IV : 39, 41-43; staff, IV: 9. Nonexpendable funds, higher institutions, in¬ come, IV : 84-85, 88-89. Nonprofessional staff, public and private residential schools for delinquent chil¬ dren, V: 189-199. Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, statistics, IX : 1-28. Nonpublic elementary schools : Negroes, en¬ rollments, IX : 14 ; teachers, enrollment, by religious affiliation or control, IX : 9. Nonrevenue receipts : City school systems, VII : 22, 34-35, 40-41 ; State school sys¬ tems, III : 78—79, 86-87. Nonsalaried services, higher institutions, IV : 27-28. Nonteaching staff, giving half-time or more to exceptional children, city school sys¬ tems, V : 16-21. Normal schools : Library statistics, II : 40 ; number, VI : 3 ; resident instructional staff, IV : 7. See also Teachers colleges and normal schools. Nursing, land-grant institutions: Degrees conferred, IV : 236-237, 240-241, 244-245, 249 ; resident enrollment, IV : 226—227 ; undergraduate enrollment, IV : 226-233. Nursing schools, IV: 204-210; enrollment, 1 : 5, 34 ; II : 27 ; number, 1 : 3 ; II : 3. One-room schools, number, III : 33, 76-77 One-teacher schools, number, 1 : 4 ; II : 4. Operation : Full-time day schools, city school systems, current expenses, VII : 64-102, 130 ; libraries, higher institutions, re¬ ceipts, VI : 17-28 ; public day schools, city school systems, current expenses, VII : 14 ; public schools, current expense, III : 88-89; VII: 15-16. Operation and maintenance of plant, State departments and boards of education, III : 52-53, 104-105. Operation of plant : Negro public day schools, expenditures, III : 116 ; State school systems, current expenses, III : 92-93. Outstanding indebtedness, public schools, III : 96-97. Panama Canal Zone, Federal funds for schools, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. Parochial schools. See Private and paro¬ chial schools. Part-time and continuation schools, city school systems, VII : 25 ; expense, VII : 21, 27, 31, 65-103 ; personnel, III ; 58 ; VII : 20. Part-time libraries, number VIII : 20-21. Part-time vocational schools and classes, enrollment, I : 48 ; II : 38. Per capita cost of education, by State, III : 98-99. Per pupil costs, city school systems, II : 35 ; public day schools, urban and rural areas, III : 131. Periodicals, school libraries, expenditures, VIII : 29-30, 51. Permanent funds : Higher institutions, IV : 31-32, 92-97 ; III : 33, 80-81, 102-103. Personnel : City school systems, VII : 24-25, 44- 63 ; public day schools, VII : 32-33, 38-39 ; public libraries, II : 39 ; public schools, III : 107-109 ; public summer, night, part-time, and continuation schools, III : 58 ; residential schools for exceptional children ; V : 120-126, 143-151 ; schools of nursing, Negro, IV : 210 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 45- 95 ; 97-114 ; State offices of education, III : 2-43, 52-53. Pharmacy: land-grant institutions, degrees conferred, IV : 236-237, 240-241, 244-245, 249 ; resident enrollment, IV : 226-227 ; undergraduate enrollment, IV : 226-233. Philanthropic services, income, higher in¬ stitutions, IV : 24—26. Physical examinations, elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119. 8 INDEX Physical plant : Higher institutions, IV : 30, 58-59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75, 78-79, 90-91, 154-203 ; land-grant institutions, income, IV : 250-265 Plant value : Higher institutions, IV : 92- 97 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 266-271 Population : Ages 18-21, IV : 5 ; residential schools for mentally deficient children, V : 152-161. Principals : City school systems, VII : 44- 63 ; full-time day schools, VII : 24 ; giving half time or more to exceptional children, city school systems, V : 16-21 ; public day schools, III : 54-55, 115, VII : 11, 29, 32- 33, 38-39. Private and parochial schools : Enrollments by grade, III : 135-136 ; number of teach¬ ers employed, III : 134. Private commercial and business schools, number of teachers, II : 28. Private education, expenditures, 1 : 44—45. Private elementary schools : Negroes, IX : 4 ; number, teachers, enrollment, II : 11-12. Private gifts and grants, receipts, higher institutions, IV : 26-27, 60-61, 64—65, 68- 69, 72-73, 76-77, 80-81. Private schools, II : 11-12 ; number, staff, enrollment, 1 : 16-18. See also Private and parochial schools ; privately controlled higher institutions. Privately controlled higher institutions : Expenditures, IV : 30, 154-203 ; faculty and students, IV : 100-153 ; financial data, IV: 38-43; income, IV: 24, 66-69, 78- 81 ; nonsalaried service, value, IV : 28 ; staff, students, and degrees, IV : 34-37 ; value of property, IV : 96-97. Professional and technological schools : Li¬ brary statistics, II : 40 ; number, VI : 3. Professional assistant, college library, defi¬ nition, VI : 10. Professional degrees granted, II : 27 ; land- grant institutions, IV : 234—235 ; 238-239, 242-243, 246-247. Professional schools : degrees conferred, IV : 56 ; enrollment, II : 23 ; IV : 35-37, 100- 153 ; resident student enrollment, IV : 54. Professional staff, public and private resi¬ dential schools for delinquent children, V: 189-199. Property : City school systems, VII : 16-17 ; higher institutions, 1 : 29 ; II : 24 ; higher institutions, value, IV : 6, 31-32, 42-43, 92-97 ; public day schools, value, 1 : 23- 24. Property and endowments, educational in¬ stitutions, value, 1 : 47 ; II : 37. Psychologists, residential schools for delin¬ quent children, V : 189-199. Public and private education, expenditures, II : 34-37. Public and private higher institutions, com¬ parison, IV : 14. Public and private residential schools for exceptional children, V : 9, 115-199. Public day schools : Buildings, personnel and attendance data, VII : 32-33 ; Public day schools, city school systems, average daily attendance, III : 20-21 ; enrollment, III : 59, 66-69, 72, 122-125, VII: 2-5; ex¬ penditures, III: 117, 131; VII: 12-14; financial data, 1 : 23-25 ; health, attend¬ ance, transportation, and custodial em¬ ployees, III : 56-57 ; instructional staff, III : 54-55, 115 ; length of school year and days attended, 1 : 22 ; III : 73-75 ; VII : 6-8 ; number, VII : 38-39 ; pupil- teacher ratio, VII : 8-9 ; salaries, III : 129- 130 ; VII : 10-11, school attendance, VII : 5 ; supervisory and teaching staff, VII : 9-10 ; white and Negro population, III : 110. Public education, expenditures, 1 : 44-45. Public elementary and secondary schools : Enrollment, III : 60-61, 63-65 ; expendi¬ tures, III : 25-34 ; financial statistics, I : 26-27 ; number, 1 : 3 ; II : 29 ; statistical summary, II : 20-21 ; III : 45-47, 109 ; trends, II : 18-19. Public high schools : Enrollment, IX : 17 ; instructional staff, and enrollment, II : 9-11 ; type and size, 1 : 13-16. Public libraries : Board, unit of control, cen¬ tralized libraries, VIII : 49 ; elementary and secondary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119 ; funds, income for school libraries, VIII : 50 ; statistics, II : 38-39 ; summary of data, 1 : 50-51. Public property used for school purposes, value, III: 100-101. Public schools : Buildings, urban and rural areas, number, III : 128 ; District of Co¬ lumbia, funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36 ; enrollment, 1 : 11 ; II : 8 ; expenses by State, III : 88- 89 ; finance. III : 21-34 ; libraries, 1 : 49 ; II : 40-42 ; VIII : 1-54 ; Negroes, 1 : 36- 37 ; number, II : 3 ; Panama Canal Zone, funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36 ; receipts from taxa¬ tion, I: 43; 70 years of progress, I: 25- 27 ; statistical summary, 1 : 26-27. Public sources, income, higher institutions, IV: 24-26. Public Works Administration, Federal funds received by laD.d-grant institutions, IV : 272-277. Publicly controlled higher institutions : Ex¬ penditures, IV : 154-203 ; faculty and students, IV : 100—153 ; financial data, IV : 38—43 ; income, IV : 24, 62-65, 74—77 ; non¬ salaried service, value, IV : 28 ; staff, stu¬ dents, and degrees, IV : 34-37 ; value of property, IV : 94-95. Pupil data, public and private residential schools for delinquent children, V : ISO- 189. Pupil-teacher ratio : Nonpublic elementary schools, by religious affiliation in con¬ trol, IX : 9 ; nonpublic high schools, by religious affiliation in control, IX : 18 ; pub¬ lic day schools. III : 19-21 ; VII : 8-9 ; schools for Negroes, State school systems, III : 37 ; urban and rural areas, III : 41, 126-127. INDEX 9 Pupils, public day schools, enrollment by State, III: 4-14. Purnell funds, land-grant institutions, IV : 272-279. Racial status of pupils, public and private residential schools for delinquent children, V: 180-189. Ratios : Enrollment to population. III : 12 ; enrollment to school population, public day schools, III : 72 ; men to women staff members, higher institutions, IV : 8-9 ; men to women students, higher institu¬ tions, IV: 12-14. Reading and reference service, VIII : 23-24. Receipts : City school systems, by source and by size of city, VII : 12 ; higher institu¬ tions, 1 : 29 ; II : 23, 40 ; VI : 17-21, 37- 105 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 280-295 ; public schools, III : 106 ; residential schools for exceptional children, V : 11, 117-118, 120-126, 134-142, 152-161, 170- 179 ; State departments and boards of edu¬ cation, III : 104-105 ; State school sys¬ tems, III : 21-25, 78-81, 86-87. Receipts and balances, city school systems, VII: 34-35, 40-41. Reference and reading service, VIII : 23-24. Regional and district administrative and supervisory personnel, State offices of edu¬ cation, number, III : 52-53. Regional associations, VIII : 7-8. Regular and vocational high schools, per¬ sonnel and financial data, III : 109. Religious affiliation or control : Elementary schools, IX : 13 ; private schools, II : 12 ; secondary schools, IX : 5-6. Research : Higher institutions, IV : 30, 48- 51, 90-91, 154-203; land-grant institu¬ tions, IV: 214-217, 258-265. Resident college enrollment, 1 : 38 ; IV : 4, 33, 36-37, 100-153, 226-233. Resident instruction : Higher institutions, IV: 7, 30, 48-51, 90-91, 154-203; land- grant institutions, IV : 214-217, 258-265. Residential schools for exceptional children, 1 : 3, 12-13, 35, 43 ; II : 3, 28, 33 ; V : 5-6, 9, 11-15, 115-199. Retirement funds, State school systems, III : 33. Revenue receipts : City school systems, VII : 22, 34-35, 40-41 ; public day schools, I : 23-24 ; II : 17-18 ; public schools, II : 20-21 ; III : 45-47 ; State school systems, III : 21-25, 78-79, 83-85. Rural and urban public schools, comparison, II : 14. Rural areas : Attendance data, average length of school term, number of instruc¬ tional staff, and pupil-teacher ratio, III : 126—127 ; centralized libraries, by type of service, VIII ; 25 ; library service, VIII : 15, 21 ; number of public-school buildings and value of school property, III : 128 ; public day schools, III : 120-121, 129-131 ; reference service provided, VIII : 24 ; Rural areas — Continued school libraries, VIII : 27-30, volumes per pupil by type of library service, VIII : 18. Rural pupils : Public day schools, enroll¬ ment by grade, III : 124-125. Rural schools : Attendance, 1 : 6 ; library service by educational level, VIII : 14 ; statistical data, III : 39-40. Salaries : Clerical assistants, III : 90-91 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 258-265, 280- 295 ; instructional staff : Negro public day schools, III : 116 ; public day schools, III : 14-17 ; 129-130 ; VII : 10-11 ; public schools by educational level, III : 107-109 ; residential schools for the blind, V : 120- 126, 134-142, 152-161, 170-179, 189-199 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 26-27, 45-95, 97-114, white and Negro schools, III : 111 ; School librar¬ ies, VIII : 29-30, 51 ; State departments and boards of education, III : 104-105 ; State school systems, III : 90-91 ; super¬ visors, principals, and teachers, Negro schools, 1 : 23-25 ; II : 17-18, 29 ; V : 16- 21 ; VII : 26, 36-37 ; teachers of Negroes, I: 37. Sales and services of organized activities : Higher institutions, IV : 28, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73, 76-77, 80-81; land-grant institutions, IV: 250-257. School attendance, 1 : 6, elementary and secondary schools, III ; 13-14 ; public day schools, III : 73-75 ; VII : 5. School board, unit of control, centralized libraries, VIII : 49. School bonds, city school systems, value, VI : 23. School buildings : City school systems, VII : 16-17, 26, 28 ; urban and rural, number III : 39 ; WPA, funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. School libraries : Elementary and secondary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119; expenditures, VIII: 28-30, 51; income, VIII: 26-28, 50. School population, public day schools III : 110, 120-121. School property : City school systems, value, VII: 21, 23, 26-27, 36-37, 65-103; private elementary schools, IX : 4 ; pri¬ vate secondary schools, IX : 8 ; public day schools, value, 1 : 23-24 ; public schools, value, III : 45-47 ; State school systems, value, II : 17-18 ; III : 32-33 ; urban and rural public day schools, value, III : 39, 42-43, 128. School survival rates, 1 : 38-41 ; Negroes, II : 30-31. School systems, distribution by type and number, VIII : 5-7. School terms : Public day schools, III : 17— 18 ; Negro schools, State school systems, III : 36 ; public day schools, 1 : 22 ; III : 39 ; schools for Negroes, 1 : 37 ; urban and rural schools, III : 40-41. 10 INDEX School year, length, public day schools, VII : 6-8, 44-63. Schoolhouses, number, III : 45—47. Schools : Exceptional children, expenditures, 1 : 44 ; II : 34-35 ; Nursing, 1 : 3, 5, 34 ; II : 3, 27 ; IV : 204-210 ; Negroes 1 : 36- 38 ; II : 29-30 ; III : 34-38 ; State school systems, number, III : 76-77 ; urban and rural schools, number, III : 14, 38-43. Second Morrill Act and supplementary funds, land-grant institutions, IV : 280-287. Secondary grades : Number by States, III : 50-51 ; enrollment, special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 59- 64, 94-95, 111-113. Secondary schools : Auxiliary services pro¬ vided at public expense. III : 118-119 ; Catholic, number of teachers and enroll¬ ment, III: 137-138; IX: 25-28; enroll¬ ment, I: 5, 6-12: II: 5-7: III: 9-11, 59, 66-69, 113; exceptional children, V: 3-4, 10 ; expenditures, 1 : 44 ; II : 34-35 ; Negro enrollment, III : 112 ; teachers, I : 35 ; II : 28 ; value of property and endow¬ ments, 1 : 47 ; vocational defense training, federal funds, II : 37. See also High schools. Secondary schools (private) : Enrollments, III : 135—136 ; number, 1 : 3 ; statistics, IX : 5-8 ; teachers, 1 : 17-18 ; II : 12 ; III : 10-11, 15, 134. Secondary schools (public) : Enrollments, urban pupils, III : 122-125 ; statistical summary, III : 109. Stemester hour, definition, VIII : 22. Senior high schools : Number, instructional staff, enrollment, II : 11 ; personnel and financial data, III : 108 ; staff, enrollment, 1 : 14. Seventy years of progress in the public school system, 1 : 25—27. Sites and building, State school systems, capital outlay, III : 94-95. Size of libraries, VIII ; 30-31. Smith-Lever funds, land-grant institutions, IV: 272-279. Social workers, public and private residen¬ tial schools for delinquent children, V : 189-199. Socially maladjusted special schools and classes, city school systems, historical summary, V : 8. Sources of income : 1 : 42-43 ; II : 32-34 ; city school systems, VII : 12 ; libraries, higher institutions, VI : 16-21. Special equipment, textbooks, supplies and other expenses : special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 52, 58-95. 97-114. Special schools and classes for exceptional children, statistics, V : 1-199. Special students, land-grant colleges ; Enroll¬ ment, IV: 226-233. Specialization of graduates, higher insti¬ tutions, IV : 55. Speech-defective : Enrollment, city schools, 1 : 13 ; V : 10, 22-23 ; home and hospital instruction, V : 24 ; residential schools and special schools and classes, V : 11, 12-15 ; served by special supervisors, principals, and other nonteaching staff, city school systems, V : 16-21 ; special schools and classes, V : 8, 25-44, 59-64. Staff : higher institutions, 1 : 28 ; II : 22, 39-40; IV: 6-9, 33, 34, 36-37, 44-45, 48-51 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 214- 217; libraries, higher institutions, VI; 10-16, 36-104 ; residential schools for de¬ linquent children, V : 189-199. State and local boards of education, statis¬ tics, III : 2. State and local funds expended for voca¬ tional education, 1 : 48. State departments and boards of education, receipts and expenditures, III : 104-105. State government, receipts, higher institu¬ tions, IV : 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72-73, 76-77, 80-83, 86-87. State marine schools, funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. State offices of education, personnel, III : 52-53. State school library funds, income for school libraries, VIII : 50. State school systems, selected data, 1 : 21- 25: II: 15-18; III: 1-138. State superintendents and commissioners of education, number, III : 52-53. Statistical summary : Public elementary and secondary schools, III : 45-47 ; schools of nursing, IV : 209. Statistical Summary of Education, 1939- 40 (Foster), I: 1-51; 1941-42 (Foster), II: 1-42. Statistics of City School Systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42 (Herlihy and Deffenbaugh), VII: 1-103. Statistics of higher education (Badger, Kelly, and Blauch), IV: 1-295. Statistics of nonpublic elementary and sec¬ ondary schools, 1940-41 (Herlihy), IX; 1-28. Statistics of public-school libraries, 1941- 42 (Beust and Foster), VIII: 1-54. Statistics of special schools and classes for exceptional children (Martens and Fos¬ ter), V: 1-199. Statistics of State school systems, 1939-40 and 1941-42 (Blose and Alves), III: 1- 138. Student aid, high schools and colleges, NYA, funds, 1 : 46. Student enrollment, higher institutions, VI ; 11-16. Student fees, II : 33 ; higher institutions, income, IV : 23, 60-61, 64-65, 68-69, 72- 73, 76-77, 80-81 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 250-257. Student loan funds ; Higher institutions, IV ; 58-59, 62-63, 66-67, 70-71, 74-75, 78- 79, 92-97 ; land-grant institutions, IV : 266-271. INDEX 11 Student wages, libraries, higher institutions, expenditures, VI : 22-28, 37-105. Students : Arts and sciences and in profes¬ sional schools, IV : 14-15 ; higher institu¬ tions : IV: 9, 16, 34, 36-153; land-grant institutions, IV : 218, 220-225 ; schools of nursing, IV : 204. Subprofessional assistant, college library, definition, VI : 11. Subsidies : From educational foundations, State school systems, III : 83-85 ; Gifts and grants for education, II : 33. Summer schools, city school system, III : 58 ; VII : 19-21, 25, 27, 31. Summer sessions : Higher institutions, en¬ rollment, I: 30; II: 22, 24-25; IV: 10, 13-14, 46-51, 100-153; land-grant insti¬ tutions, IV: 218-223. Superintendents : City school systems, VII : 44-63 ; full-time day schools, VII : 24 ; public day schools, VII : 28 ; residential schools for delinquent children, V : ISO- 199. Supervisors : City school system, VII : 44- 63 ; exceptional children, V : 5 ; full-time day schools, city school systems, VII : 24 ; giving half time or more to exceptional children, city school systems, V : 16-21 ; public day schools, III : 54-55 ; 115 ; VII : 11, 28, 32-33, 38-39. Supervisors, principals, and teachers, VII : 9-10, 19, 25, 26, 36-37, 42-43. Supplementary Morrill funds, land-grant institutions, IV : 272-279. Supplies and other expenses : Public schools, III : 106 ; State departments and boards of education, III ; 104-105. Taxation and appropriations, State school systems, income from, III : 82. Teacher-pupil ratio, public day schools, city school systems, VII : 8-9. Teacher-training curricula, graduates, IV : 54 ; Catholic elementary and high schools, number, III: 137-138; IX: 25-28; city school systems, VII : 26, 44-63 ; elemen¬ tary and secondary school systems, num¬ ber, II : 20-21 ; full-time day schools, VII : 24 ; Negro public day schools, III : 115 ; Negro schools, III : 36-38 ; number, 1 : 34-36 ; II : 28 ; private and parochial schools, number, III : 134 ; private ele¬ mentary schools, II : 12 ; IX : 9-11 ; pri¬ vate secondary schools, II : 12 ; IX : 15, 18 ; private schools, number, 1 : 17-18 ; public day schools, III : 18-19, 54-55 ; VII : 9-11, 29, 32-33, 38-39 ; public high schools, 1 : 14-15 ; III : 45-47 ; residential schools for exceptional children, number, I: 13; V: 4-15, 116, 143-151, 162-169; special schools and classes for exceptional children, I: 13; V: 25, 52-93, 97-114; urban and rural schools, II : 14 ; III : 39. Teachers colleges and normal schools ; En¬ rollment, IV : 13-14 ; expenditures, II : 34-35 ; IV : 154-203 ; faculty and stu¬ dents, IV : 100-153 ; instructional staff, II : 28 ; IV : 7 ; library statistics, II : 40 ; number and classification, IV : 2-3. Teachers’ salaries, special schools and classes for blind and partially seeing children, city school systems, V : 45-51. Teaching staff : Public and private residen¬ tial schools for delinquent children, V : 189-199 ; public day schools, VII : 9-10. Textbooks : Free, State school systems, cost, III : 90-91 ; Negro public day schools, ex¬ penditures, III : 116 Trade and industry enrollment, 1 : 48 ; II : 38. Training of librarians : By type of school, VIII : 42-45 ; centralized libraries, VIII : 21-23. Training schools, higher institutions, en¬ rollment, IV : 52—53. Transportation employees, public day schools, number, III : 56-57. Transportation of pupils : III : 21 ; elemen¬ tary and secondary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119 ; Negro pub¬ lic day schools, expenditures, III : 116 ; public expenses by State, II : 16 ; State school systems, III : 76-77 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, V : 45-93, 97-113. Travel : Expenditures, public schools, III : 106 ; State departments and boards of edu¬ cation, III: 104-105. Truant or behavior problems : Enrollments, city schools, 1 : 13 : V : 10, 22-23 ; resi¬ dential schools, V : 11-15 ; special schools and classes, V : 25-44 ; 111-113 ; special supervisors, principals ; and other non¬ teaching staffs, V : 16-21. Tuition, elementary and secondary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119. Undergraduate enrollment, land-grant insti¬ tutions, IV : 228-230 ; professional schools, IV: 54. Unexpended plant funds, IV : 266-269. Ungraded vocational day high schools, num¬ ber, instructional staff, enrollment, II : 11. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Federal funds received by land-grant institutions, IV : 272, 277. U. S. Department of the Interior, Federal funds received by land-grant institutions, IV: 272-273. U. S. Military Academy, funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. U. S. Naval Academy, funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. U. S. Office of Education : Federal funds, 1 : 46 ; II : 36 ; federally aided vocational education program, II : 37-38 ; publica¬ tions, 1 : 51 ; II : 42. U. S. Office of Indian Affairs : Federal funds, I: 46. U. S. Service Academies, faculty and stu¬ dents, IV : 153. 12 INDEX Universities, colleges and professional schools : Enrollment, IV : 12—14 ; expendi¬ tures, IV : 154-203 ; faculty and stu¬ dents, IV : 100-153 ; instructors, II : 28 ; number and classification, IV : 2—3 ; resi¬ dent instructional staff, IV : 7. See also Higher institutions : Land-grant institu¬ tions. Unsold school lands, State school systems, III : 102-103. Up-to-date reading, number of libraries of¬ fering service by type of school, VIII : 48. Urban and rural public schools, compari¬ son, 1 : 20-21 ; II : 14. Urban areas, public day schools, III : 120- 123, 126-131 ; statistical data, III : 38- 43. Urban school attendance, 1 : 6. Use of libraries, higher institutions, VI : 0-10. Value of school property, 1 : 47 ; II : 17-18, 37 ; III : 100-101, city school systems, VII : 21, 23, 26-27, 36-37, 42-43, 65-103 ; higher institutions IV : 6 ; land-grant in¬ stitutions, IV : 266-269 ; per pupil in average daily attendance, VII : 17-18 ; private elementary schools, IX : 14 ; pri¬ vate secondary schools, IX : 20-21 ; pub¬ lic schools. III : 39, 45-47 ; urban and rural areas, III : 128. Vehicles operated at public expense for transportation of pupils, III : 76-77. Visiting teachers, elementary and secondary schools, provided at public expense, III : 118-119. Vocational defense training, secondary schools, Federal funds, II : 37. Vocational education, Federal aid, 1 : 46-48 ; II : 36-38 ; III : 83-85, 104-105. Vocational education and rehabilitation, II : 36. Vocational rehabilitation, Federal funds, I : 46 ; II : 36. Vocational schools and classes, enrollment, II : 38. Vocational teachers, residential schools for exceptional children, V : 143-151, 159-199. Volumes added to school libraries, VIII : 19- 20. Volumes in libraries : By type of school dis¬ trict and type of library service, VIII : 15 ; higher institutions, VI : 3-9, 28. Volumes per pupil by type of system, by type of service, and by region, VIII : 18-19. Wages of janitors, engineers, etc., Negro public day schools, III : 116. War-affected localities, Federal assistance. II: 37. White pupils : Enrollment by grade, III : 113 ; public day schools, III : 110. Wisconsin, county library service, VIII : 10. Women : number receiving degrees, IV : 17-18 ; staff members, ratio to men, higher institutions, IV : 8-9 ; students, higher institutions, enrollment, IV : 12- 14 ; teachers, private and parochial schools, III : 134 Work Projects Administration, education program, 1 : 46 ; II : 36. O