Jj . LIBRARY COPT FPB DO MOT XXMOVK File Code Mo. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER BULLETIN, 1937, No. 2 r BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION 1934-1936 IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME II UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON ! 1939 <2 I yt L III A3^ 1‘mjv' \I'^L OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department July 1, 1869 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL. D. March 1 5, 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Pli. D., LL. D. March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L. H. D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William T. Harris, Ph. D., LL. D. September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL. D. July 1, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL. D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M. A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL. D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL. D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL. D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 1935 John W. Studebaker, LL. D. October 23, 19 3 5 JJ ) / L 111 . A323 1934-36 v.2 Biennial survey of education CONTENTS Chapter I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Statistical summary of education, 1935-36. Statistics of State school systems, 1935-36. Statistics of city school systems, 1935-36. Statistics of higher education, 1935-36. Statistics of public-school libraries, 1934-35. Statistics of special schools and classes for exceptional children. Index. , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1935-36 BEING CHAPTER I OF VOLUME II OF THE BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1934-36 BULLETIN , 1937, No. 2 [advance pages] PREPARED BY EMERY M. FOSTER, CHIEF DIVISION OF STATISTICS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1939 For Bale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 10 cents CHAPTER I STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION, 1935-36* 1 INTRODUCTION The various statistical studies which were made during the bien¬ nium 1934-36 and published separately as advance pages of the Biennial Survey of Education, Office of Education Bulletin, 1937, No. 2, Volume II, were as follows: Chapter II. Statistics of State School Systems, 1935-36. Chapter III. Statistics of City School Systems, 1935-36. Chapter IV. Statistics of Higher Education, 1935-36. Chapter V. Statistics of Public-School Libraries, 1934-35. Chapter VI. Statistics of Special Schools and Classes for Exceptional Children, 1935-36. NUMBER OF SCHOOLS A school is a group of pupils organized as one unit under one or more teachers to give instruction of a defined type.2 A school, for reporting purposes, is either a one-room school employing only one teacher, or a school of two or more rooms usually housed in the same building, and usually having a principal or head teacher in charge. In case an elementary school and a high school are housed in the same building, count them as two separate schools. In buildings having more than one teacher, each room used should not be considered a school for the purposes of this report. A school may be located in one or more buildings. The number of build¬ ings does not determine the number of schools. A group of buildings close together and under one principal may house one school as defined. Those schools established by direct authority of the State and supported by public funds from the local unit and/or the State are classified as public schools; those schools established by an agency other than the State or its subdivisions and not supported by public funds but presumably recognized by the State are classified as nonpublic schools. Approximately 276,500 schools are included in the various kinds from which the Office of Education requests data, in order to show the state of the Nation educationally and to have reasonably com¬ plete United States totals. The chief kinds of schools which do not report to the Office of Education are private schools or art and music and private trade and vocational schools. 1 Statistical work done by Rose Marie Smith. 1 Statistical Circular No. 10. Revised, March 1938. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table 1.— TOTAL NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OF VARIOUS TYPES, 1935-36 State or outlying part Elementary schools High schools Universities, colleges, and professional schools Residential schools for the blind, deaf, feeble-minded, and delinquent Privati com- mercia . schools } Schools 1 of. nursing Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 19 11 Continental United States _ 232, 174 9, 992 25, 652 3,327 536 1,159 295 123 2, 099 1,381 5, 158 123 481 63 10 16 g 32 26 674 15 64 15 5 0 3 10 4 Arkansas - - 4,830 62 604 30 12 14 4 1 25 8 •California . . 8, 287 306 653 175 45 57 7 5 131 36 ■Colorado . . . 2, 780 79 297 28 8 12 6 1 18 15 Connecticut . 1,101 184 112 66 7 19 4 3 36 21 Delaware _ .. 238 24 37 10 2 0 3 1 5 7 District of Colum- bia - - - 151 56 26 35 2 22 5 2 23 8 Florida - - 2, 409 65 371 47 5 9 6 1 45 14 6,197 56 704 48 16 32 7 63 15 1,583 36 190 14 3 6 4 12 8 Illinois . . 13, 481 887 1,064 158 16 89 6 7 114 108 Indiana _ _ 3, 354 325 860 53 5 36 6 1 64 28 Iowa _ _ 11,723 325 1,011 143 30 37 6 3 31 31 Kansas . . 9, 037 229 744 51 16 22 6 1 39 42 Kentucky... . . 7. 873 188 779 90 8 29 4 1 33 18 Louisiana . . 2, 837 179 454 77 7 15 6 2 28 14 2, 318 68 230 60 7 7 4 20 24 Maryland _ 1,434 161 211 65 8 20 5 11 26 26 Massachusetts . 2, 359 421 444 157 13 54 11 10 81 79 Michigan . 8, 124 416 839 149 17 27 6 4 62 31 Minnesota _ 8, 455 350 574 82 14 22 9 1 33 29 Mississippi _ 5, 623 40 798 52 17 20 4 27 30 Missouri . . 10, 050 439 1,000 90 17 42 9 3 65 30 Montana _ 3, 149 38 213 16 6 4 5 10 12 Nebraska . 7,786 266 736 51 8 15 6 1 20 14 Nevada. . . 284 1 42 0 1 0 1 2 o New Hampshire _ 809 73 110 34 4 3 2 6 19 New Jersey . 1,881 338 241 113 13 21 7 9 75 48 New Mexico . 885 44 158 19 7 0 5 7 2 New York . 10, 988 1,085 1,021 321 18 87 12 26 242 115 North Carolina.... 4, 635 53 924 57 13 41 11 52 37 North Dakota 5, 403 53 542 23 9 2 4 15 16 Ohio _ 5, 701 583 1,339 155 7 57 9 1 97 71 Oklahoma . . 5, 730 67 886 50 28 10 9 1 39 14 Oregon . . 2,044 68 317 28 5 15 5 1 22 9 Pennsylvania . 11, 244 871 1,237 236 17 81 11 17 125 131 Rhode Island. . 394 95 46 24 2 4 4 1 13 7 South Carolina . 3, 332 31 388 30 9 25 6 24 20 South Dakota.. .. 4, 978 59 379 23 7 8 4 8 16 Tennessee . . 6, 495 65 675 58 8 41 6 1 46 21 Texas. . . 12, 126 331 1,658 93 35 51 12 119 50 Utah . . 586 11 162 8 5 4 4 8 6 Vermont _ _ 1,313 25 95 21 5 5 2 1 5 12 Virginia _ _ 4, 791 72 590 75 11 32 9 3 36 24 Washington . 2, 093 119 354 44 7 13 5 48 24 West Virginia 5, 939 47 370 18 9 12 8 21 31 Wisconsin. . 8, 108 556 502 69 11 21 6 3 33 29 Wyoming . . 1, 404 7 120 3 1 0 3 3 1 Outlyinq parts of the United Sta'es Alaska. . 91 18 1 0 American Samoa _ 20 2 0 0 Canal Zone 16 1 1 0 Guam . . . 27 23 0 0 Hawaii . 158 109 9 1 0 2 7 Philippine Islands. 7,732 23 51 3 4 2 2 Puerto Rico . 1,813 20 1 0 2 l 24 Virgin Islands . 18 . 3 . 0 0 . STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 Because of the fact that some professional degrees are given for professional work in arts and science schools in which it is not possible to separate the students who will ultimately receive professional degrees from other students, it is not possible in table 2 to show the number of students comparable with the number of schools and degrees. The large number of professional schools is due to the fact that an institution of university rank may have many professional schools or departments. Table 2.— NUMBER OF DEGREE-GRANTING PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND DEGREES GRANTED, 1935-36 (INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS AND PARTS OF UNIVERSITIES) Schools Number of Degrees schools Bachelor’s Master’s Doctor’s 1 2 3 4 5 Agriculture . _ . . . . . . 52 2, 293 364 88 Architecture 37 520 90 Commerce and business _ _ _ 110 7,303 670 29 Dentistry _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 1,743 28. 393 29 Education 1 _ 269 5, 638 193 Engineering (all branches) . _ . . . . 142 10, 337 378 1, 169 117 Fine arts. _ _ _ 37 25 Forestry _ _ _ _ _ 22 430 58 6 Home economics _ _ 57 1,995 537 99 2 Journalism _ 22 75 1 Law . . . . . 138 7, 423 538 447 23 Library science _ _ _ 18 76 38 2 Medicine _ _ _ 5, 571 169 53 Music.. . . . . . . . 97 1,093 157 2 Nursing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 374 Osteopathy _ _ 6 411 Pharmacy . . 64 1,261 29 13 Theology.. . . . . 131 1, 196 265 395 82 Veterinary medicine.. 11 2 Other. . . . 122 2, 052 534 109 Total . 1,498 74, 113 9, 988 720 1 Including teachers colleges but not normal schools. CHANGES IN NUMBER OF SCHOOLS The most significant changes in the number of schools from 1933-34 to 1935-36 were the decrease of 4,000 elementary schools, the increase of approximately 900 public high schools, and increases of about 50 public and 200 private institutions of higher education. The number of public high schools listed in the files of the Office of Education is not available except for intermittent years. Data were published on the number of schools that sent in reports but not on the number of schools to which requests were made for reports. In 1918 there seem to have been 16,300 public high schools listed in the file. The next count was made in 1926. Since then data or estimates are available biennially and are given in table 3. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 3.— NUMBER OF PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS Year: 1918_. 1926. . 1928 1 1930. . 1932 1 1934_ . 1936 1 • Estimated. Number of public high schools ... 16,300 21,700 22,815 23,930 24,322 ... 24,714 25, 652 Every effort is made to cover the large number of schools in as few reports as possible by sending requests to central offices. But since some secondary sources of information, such as city and State superintendents’ offices, do not have detailed data available, reports have to be obtained directly from public and private high schools, residential schools for exceptional children, private commercial schools, etc. Approximately 49,000 school organizations receive requests to report — some annually, some biennially, and others quadrennially. Table 4.— EDUCATIONAL UNITS REQUESTED TO REPORT Type: Number of units States, District of Columbia, and outlying parts _ 57 City school systems _ 2, 900 County school systems _ 3, 180 Public high schools _ _ _ 25,652 Private elementary and high schools _ _ _ 11, 357 Institutions of higher education _ 1, 706 Private commercial schools _ 2, 132 Schools of nursing _ 1, 381 Residential schools for exceptional children _ 425 For 1935, report forms were sent to city and county superintendents requesting data on public-school libraries. The returns were reason¬ ably complete from city but not from county superintendents. Previously such forms were sent directly to high-school libraries only, no data being collected for elementary-school libraries as such. ENROLLMENT, 19S5-36 Approximately one-fourth of the total population is enrolled in regular full-time day schools. In addition a large number are studying at night, in the summer, by correspondence, or in private trade and vocational schools not reporting to the Office of Education. The number reported for 1935-36 was 30,587,477 in full-time day schools. The Bureau of the Census estimated the total population as 128,024,000 persons on January 1, 1936. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 5 In other types of schools the number of pupils in attendance, some of whom were probably also reported in full-time days schools at some time during the year, was reported as 503,926 for summer schools, including higher education; 1,099,556 for evening and 308,488 for part-time and continuation in the public-school system only; 297,921 for extension and correspondence and 41,441 in short courses of 4 days or more conducted by colleges and universities. Practically 90 percent of the students were in public institutions in 1935-36. Table 5.— SCHOOL AND COLLEGE ENROLLMENTS ACCORDING TO PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL, 1935-36 DAY SCHOOLS (SUMMER SESSIONS EXCLUDED) 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 1 50,328 additional Indians enrolled in public-school systems and 7,998 in private schools at Federal expense 1 Pupils in day classes only. 3 Cannot be distributed into public and private classification. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN ENROLLMENTS There were 22,770,351 enrolled in elementary schools including kindergartens, approximately 500,000 fewer than in 1933-34 and 800,000 fewer than in 1929-30. The enrollment in regular public- school kindergartens, although 4,978 more in 1935-36 than in 1933-34, was still smaller than in 1931-32 or 1929-30. The first five grades continued to decrease in enrollments. There were 6,435,703 enrolled in high schools (last 4 years of the school system), 339,000 more than in 1933-34 and 1,636,000 more than in 1929-30. There were 1,208,227 enrolled in higher education, approximately 153,000 more than in 1933-34 but only 107,000 more than in 1929-30 since 1933-34 was the year of low enrollments. Table 6.— KINDERGARTEN, ELEMENTARY, COMMERCIAL, SEC¬ ONDARY, NORMAL SCHOOL, AND COLLEGE ENROLLMENTS, 1890-1936. Schools 1890 1900 1910 1920 1 2 3 4 5 Kindergartens (public and private) _ Public element ary s chdols and kindergartens . . . Private elementary schools and kindergartens (largely estimated) _ _ _ _ _ _ i 31, 227 12, 519, 518 1, 661, 897 225, 394 14, 983, 859 1, 240, 925 8 346, 189 16, 898, 791 1, 558, 437 510, 949 19, 378, 927 1, 485, 561 Total elementary and kindergarten . _ . . 14,181,415 16, 224, 784 18, 457, 228 20, 864, 488 Public high schools . . . . . . . 202, 963 94,931 51, 749 8, 170 519, 251 110, 797 56, 285 9, 570 915, 061 117, 400 66, 042 12, 890 8 2, 199, 389 J 213, 920 59, 309 22, 058 Private high schools . . . . . . . . . Preparatory schools (in colleges and universities) . Secondary students in teacher-training institutions _ Total secondary . . __ . Normal schools and teachers colleges (excluding sec¬ ondary students) _ _ _ 357,813 695, 903 1,111,393 2,494, 676 34, 814 121, 942 69, 593 167, 999 88, 561 266,654 135, 412 462, 445 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (exclud¬ ing preparatory students) . . Total higher education _ _ 156,756 78, 920 237,592 91, 549 355,215 155,244 597,857 335, 161 Private commercial and business schools . . . Schools 1930 1932 1934 1936 1 6 7 8 9 Kindergartens (public and private) _ _ Public elementary schools and kindergartens _ ... Private elementary schools and kindergartens (largely estimated) . . . . . 777, 899 21, 278, 593 2, 309, 886 763, 699 21, 182, 472 2, 384, 181 639, 281 20, 829, 789 2, 370, 697 644, 559 20, 443, 449 2, 263, 357 Total elementary and kindergarten _ Public high schools . . . . . . 23,588, 479 23,566,653 4 23,200, 486 5 22, 706,806 4, 399, 422 8 341, 158 47, 309 11, 978 5, 140, 021 403, 415 33, 750 15, 686 5, 669, 156 360, 092 24, 703 36, 798 5, 974, 537 387, 309 29, 051 34, 071 Private high schools . . Preparatory schools (in colleges and universities) _ Secondary students in teacher-training institutions _ Total secondary _ 4, 799,867 5,592,872 7 6, 090, 749 8 6, 424, 968 Normal schools and teachers colleges (excluding sec¬ ondary students) _ ... .. .... . . 176, 462 924, 275 164, 360 989, 757 136, 184 919, 176 145, 467 1, 062, 760 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (exclud¬ ing preparatory students) _ _ _ Total higher education... . . 1,100, 737 » 179, 756 1,154,117 io 102, 286 1,055,360 io 102, 286 1, 208, 227 io 102, 286 Private commercial and business schools _ _ _ 1 1888. 2 1912. 3 From State reports. 4 Does not include 61,885 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 5 Does not include 63,545 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 8 1928. 7 Does not include 5,739 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. 8 Does not include 10,735 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children. » 1929. « 1933. 126682—39 - 2 Table 7— DISTRIBUTION OF PUPILS BY GRADES, IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS ONLY, PARTLY ESTIMATED 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 1936 a 26,367,098 20, 392, 561 5, 974, 537 606, 753 3, 530, 325 2, 557, 589 2, 524, 736 2, 498, 741 2, 432, 991 2, 319, 470 2, 181, 987 1,739,969 1, 970, 072 1, 619, 862 1, 249, 409 1,064,469 70, 725 2.30 13. 39 9.70 9. 57 9. 48 9.23 8.80 8.27 6. 60 7.47 6. 14 4. 74 4. 04 .27 1935 1 S3 26,400,646 20, 578, 799 5, 821, 847 604, 264 3, 623, 589 2, 594, 659 2, 568, 491 2, 535, 875 2, 433, 216 2, 303, 760 2, 184, 553 1, 730, 392 1, 912, 549 1, 580, 058 1, 229, 295 1, 034, 922 65, 023 2.29 13.73 9. 83 9. 73 9. 60 9. 22 8.73 8. 27 6. 55 7.24 5.98 4. 66 3. 92 .25 1934 2 26,434,193 20. 765, 037 5, 669, 156 601, 775 3, 716, 852 2, 631, 728 2, 612, 246 2, 573, 010 2, 433, 441 2, 288, 051 2, 187, 119 1, 720, 815 1, 855, 026 1, 540, 254 1, 209, 180 1, 005, 375 59, 321 2. 28 14. 06 9. 96 9. 88 9.73 9. 21 8. 66 8. 27 6.51 7. 02 5. 83 4. 57 3. 80 .22 § S 26,354,817 20, 950, 229 5, 404, 588 649, 001 3, 826, 112 2, 704, 053 2, 637, 885 2, 581, 054 2, 448, 002 2, 282, 982 2, 119, 972 1, 701, 168 1,816,317 1, 463, 793 1, 137, 967 938, 580 47, 931 2. 46 14. 52 10.26 10. 01 9. 79 9. 29 8. 66 8. 04 6. 46 6. 89 5. 56 4. 32 3. 56 .18 1932 26,275,441 21, 135, 420 5, 140, 021 701, 403 3, 930, 196 2, 776, 378 2, 663, 524 2, 589, 098 2, 462, 563 2, 277, 913 2, 052, 825 1, 681, 520 1, 777, 608 1, 387, 331 1, 066, 755 871, 786 36, 541 2. 67 14. 96 10.57 10. 14 9. 85 9. 37 8. 67 7.81 6. 40 6. 76 5. 28 4. 06 3. 32 .14 1 GO 25,976,728 21. 207, 007 4, 769, 721 712, 423 4, 040, 558 2, 789, 646 2, 697, 881 2, 594, 164 2, 422, 527 2, 267, 081 2, 041, 280 1, 641, 447 1, 702, 216 1, 289, 758 973, 140 786, 337 18, 270 2.74 15. 56 10. 74 10. 38 9. 99 9. 32 8. 73 7. 86 6. 32 6. 55 4. 96 3. 75 3. 03 .07 1930 r» 25,678,015 21, 278, 593 4, 399, 422 723, 443 4, 150, 919 2, 802, 914 2, 732, 239 2, 599, 229 2, 382, 491 2, 256, 249 2, 029, 736 1, 601, 373 1, 626, 823 1, 192, 185 879, 525 700, 889 MoooooiooNotii^niN 1 - 25,428,856 21, 273, 505 4, 155, 351 709, 467 4. 160, 978 2, 809, 727 2, 697, 108 2, 615, 851 2, 408, 979 2, 249, 846 2, 025, 686 1, 595,863 1, 551, 374 1,118,871 823, 616 661, 490 1928 25,179,696 21, 268, 417 3, 911, 279 695, 490 4, 171. 037 2, 816, 540 2, 661, 977 2, 632, 474 2, 435, 466 2, 243, 443 2, 021, 636 1, 590, 354 1, 475, 924 1, 045, 558 767, 706 622, 091 gfeSSfeSkSSSgSgS 1 24,960,582 21, 126, 210 3, 834, 372 684, 360 4, 073, 894 2, 818, 218 2, 695, 615 2, 647, 339 2, 454, 260 2, 238, 844 1, 974, 451 1, 539, 229 1, 450, 564 1, 025, 030 751, 980 606, 798 tS«?jao«ooooSci5SHoo^HoS»' 2 3 4 5 1890 . . . . . 14, 181, 415 16, 224, 784 18, 457, 228 13, 188, 548 15, 385, 793 17, 019, 650 19, 992, 947 22, 230, 101 J 21, 711, 000 1900. . 14. 41 16.66 1910. . . . . 30. 15 29. 05 1920 . . . . 20, 864, 488 23, 588, 479 i 22, 706, 806 47. 13 51.59 1930. . . . . . . . 66. 33 68.56 1936 . . 60. 12 64. 62 1 Does not include 63,545 pupils in residential schools for exceptional children not included in previous years. * Estimated. The increase in secondary school enrollments (last 4 years of the school system) and in the population of secondary school age, 14 to 17 years, inclusive, from 1890 to 1936 are given in table 9 and are shown graphically in figure II. There were over 1,000,000 more pupils enrolled in secondary schools in 1936 than there were children of secondary school age in 1890. There were a few more enrolled in 1936 than there were children of these ages in 1900. The enrollments increased almost 17 times during the 46 years, but the population of high-school age did not even double. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 *Trt f^D- / /> // // / / / / < s . v ) !>6 ■A.U»- fcA - ) / / / / / / / / / / / / / UVJ rv . / 1 i / / // // // // *-r \J ■V c 0 X a if fi Ov 9A // 10 < / /> // // // // pu lection 5 la-nn^nircu-^ LO 192 -13/mclusi ' enrollm iO 192 VC/ crvt JO 192 rn Figure 1.— Changes in elementary enrollments and population 5 to 13 years of age, inclusive, 1890-1936. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 — - Population It- — IT, > noloe i ve “ ' 5ccondai-y oni-ol | mnoL-nt F icure 2.— Increase in secondary enrollments and population 14 to 17 years of age, inclusive, 1890-1936. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 9.— INCREASE IN SECONDARY ENROLLMENT AND POPULA¬ TION, 14 TO 17 YEARS, INCLUSIVE, 1890-1936 Year Enrollment Population 14-17 years, inclusive Number Percent of in- increase over 1890 Number Percent of in¬ crease over 1890 1 2 3 4 5 1890 _ _ _ 357, 813 695, 903 1, 111, 393 2, 494, 676 4, 799, 867 i 6, 424, 968 5, 354, 653 6, 152, 231 7, 220, 298 7, 735, 841 9, 341, 221 *9,565,000 1900 94. 49 210. 61 597. 20 1, 241. 45 1, 695. 62 14. 90 34. 84 44. 47 74. 45 78. 63 1910 _ _ _ _ _ 1920 _ _ 1930 1936 _ _ _ _ __ 1 Does not include 10,735 children in residential schools for exceptional children not included in previous years. 2 Estimated. The increases in college enrollments and in population of college age, 18 to 21 years, inclusive, from 1890 to 1936 as given in table 10 are shown graphically in figure III. The enrollments increased 671 percent while the population of college age increased only 83 percent. Table 10.— INCREASE IN COLLEGE ENROLLMENT AND POPULA¬ TION 18 TO 21 YEARS, INCLUSIVE, 1890-1936 Year Enrollment Population 18-21 years, inclusive Number Percent of increase over 1890 Number Percent of increase over 1890 2 3 4 5 1890 . . __ . 156, 756 237, 592 355, 215 697, 857 1, 100, 737 1, 208, 227 5, 151, 067 5, 930, 765 7, 335, 453 7, 343, 794 9, 026, 741 i 9, 439, 532 1900 . . . . 51.57 126. 60 281. 39 602. 20 670. 77 15. 14 42. 41 42.57 75.24 83. 25 1910 . . 1920. . 1930.. . . 1936 . . . . . * Estimated at same percentage as in 1930. The estimate on medium fertility of the Scripps Foundation for Research in Population Problems is 9,758,000. NUMBER OF GRADUATES There was an increase of 11 percent, or approximately 100,500, in the number of graduates from high school in 1935-36 over the number in 1933-34. More than 1,000,000 pupils are finishing high school each year. The number graduating from college, including only those receiving baccalaureate and first professional degrees, in 1935-36 was almost 7,000 greater than in 1933-34. This is a 5-percent increase. The number of first degrees granted in certain professions in 1935-36 are given in table 2. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 13 1 W - ► 56 )QUi. DUU " DUU ' AAA _ ■rUU - o X. sDUvJ 9 AA . uUU n aa . lUv JCr,-*! i i i i i IY\ \ \ - - < - - - 1Q90 19 - p - C< oo 19 o pul cuti on slkqo i* io 19I 18- 2.1, » nc.k -ollm«.rrts 1 2.0 19: ;ei ve¬ in regular 30 19: Lseion « Figure 3.— Increase in college enrollments and population 18 to 21 years of age, inclusive, 1890-1936, 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 11.— HIGH-SCHOOL AND COLLEGE GRADUATES, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE Year Graduates High school College i * 2 3 1890 . - _ _ 43, 731 14, 306 1900 . . 94, 884 25, 324 1910 . . . 156, 429 34, 178 1920 . - . 311, 266 48, 622 1924 . . . 498, 006 82, 783 1926 . - . 56i, 469 96, 956 Year Graduates High school College 1 ‘ 2 3 1928 _ _ _ 596, 655 665, 223 833, 252 914, 853 1, 015, 345 111,161 122, 484 138, 063 136, 156 143, 125 1930 _ 1932 _ _ _ 1934 . . . . 1936 _ _ _ i First degree graduates only. TEACHERS There were approximately 54,500 more teachers in 1935-36 than in 1933-34. This increase is greater than the decrease reported from 1931-32 to 1933-34 making a net increase over 1932 of 10,050 teachers. The decrease in the number of elementary teachers from 1933-34 to 1935-36 was very small (1,235) compared with a 36,000 decrease in the previous biennium. The great increase of 44,868, or about 18 percent, was in high schools, including junior high schools. There was a decrease of 8,468, or 3.3 percent, in this group in the previous biennium. There was an increase during the 4-year period of more than 832,000 pupils in the last 4 years of high school only. (See table 6.) Data are not available for 1935-36 for high-school pupils and teachers on the same basis. In higher education there was an increase of 10,597 teachers, or 12.2 percent, during the biennium in which the number of students increased by approximately 153,000, or 14.5 percent. In comparison with the increase of 54,500 teachers employed, there were graduated from teacher-training courses during the 2 years of the biennium approximately 63,500 students with first degrees who had specialized in education or teacher training and in addition 43,000 without degrees from 1- to 4-year teacher- training courses in normal schools and junior colleges. The percentage of teachers who are men continued its increase from 23.76 percent in 1933-34 to 24.84 percent in 1935-36. It was 21.61 percent in 1931-32 and 20.93 in 1929-30. Table 12 —DISTRIBUTION OF TEACHERS FOR 6 PERIODS STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 15 * Figures for 1929. professional PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, HISTORICAL SUMMARY 16 S § © « O CD P rP a ^ CO ■-d o3 o -* CO -4-3 © P £ .2 O ^ rP '43 CD ^ g a.s| 03^"© a * .© Tij "d ;p -— K rP f! o 3 o o p, * r~l 1 M ■§■&§ CD 'd J2 *, "i. a ° ^5 fl CO .-S © -p .7} S n 03 Iss a §■■* Ph g -P © © © T3 °3 o ° ^ c3 ^ ^ ^3 CQ . > . CD o ^ CO Jh rP 05 &fl 6, 306 Undivided: 5-year, white, 11 grades (2-3 and 3-2 plan) _ _ _ 39 } 17,039 5-year, Negro, 11 grades (2-3 and 3-2 plan) _ _ _ 3 5-vear, white, 12 grades (2-3 and 3-2 plan).. _ _ 100 } 53, 716 5-year, Negro, 12 grades (2-3 and 3-2 plan) _ _ _ 4 6-year, white, 11 grades . _ _ _ 10 2, 972 } 347, 112 6-year, white, 12 grades _ _ 1, 378 24 6-year, Negro, 12 grades _ Total (junior-senior and undivided high schools) _ 3, 938 1,236, 846 Senior high schools 2-year, white, 12 grades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 8 6, 801 } 59. 717 3-vear, white, 11 grades _ _ _ _ _ 57 3-year, Negro, 11 grades _ _ 2 3-year, white, 12 grades _ 541 | 583, 129 3-vear, Negro, 12 grades . . . . . . . . 5 4-year, white, 12 grades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 140 90, 902 Total (senior high schools) . . . . 753 740, 549 Total (reorganized high schools) _ _ _ _ 6, 639 3, 197, 496 Regular high schools 4-vear, white, 12 grades _ ... .. _ _ _ _ 10, 865 185 2, 687, 224 54, 643 4-year, Negro, 12 grades _ _ _ _ _ _ 4-year, white, 11 grades _ _ . 3,107 424 492, 263 67, 706 1,481 39, 636 4-year, Negro, 11 grades _ _ _ 4-year, white, 13 grades.. _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 3-year or less, white, 12 grades _ _ _ _ 1,455 93 3-vear or less, Negro, 12 grades _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 451 3-year or less, white, 11 grades . . . . . . . 3-vear or less, Negro, 11 grades . . . . . . . 266 166 9, 362 5, 678 Total (regular high schools) . . . . 16, 574 3, 360, 444 Grand total. . . . . . 23, 213 18. 075 6, 557, 940 3, 689, 037 6, 886, 533 Estimated total in all regular high schools in the United States . . . Estimated total in all high schools in the United States . . . . . 24, 714 1 (2-3 plan) is 2 grades in junior high school and 3 in senior high. Table 16.— STUDENTS IN CERTAIN STUDIES IN PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS SINCE 1890 20 BIENNIAL SUBVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Per¬ cent of total s i 90.54 16.04 10.87 2. 37 6. 23 .23 30.41 17.06 2. 30 1. 33 .06 6.27 7. 56 1.59 .61 .91 14.60 .10 1.82 6. 51 17. 75 17.34 .49 6. 76 6. 19 11.92 1 CO 3 53 I ilSSSsSES ISISISSSII ISISI IS ■§ 3 2 s mmm s‘~‘g|'saV|-s Si 02 ■'* ■* : 8 igSSSgSgS 8888S£gggg S8858 gg 1 £ S °S g ’gs'*4 rH 'cDt^oi ’ricO * O) ‘ o rj® CO 3 1 § issSSslsl IlllgSilsS Sills Si "3 3 * 1 1 iil'SS-lgS 8-gggaSg"V SiW fig 02 *» of ! 4, *3^ -a 8 ;S8S£8288 88882588228 88888 8 i (2§°o 2 2 !82 a 8S2 ~ 'odt^^eooo 'o’ 2 i 2 CO *3 © 1 1 illSSISIS 15SSS§sS§s S8SSS i i TJ 3 CO ! 1 ii‘S2‘S I'll' ^s^rf g'lgs'g i i 3S5S888 isSS i 82588832888 j j S [ lO £g°l i sSs'ss®^04 i rA -o> i j g | 53 CO a o § SsaSSs isi i isiissiiss S i 1 'O 3 02 s iiiW ii'i i a^gsgsis^s' | i i a — ’S 288885 :88 i 5858^88 i28 j : 8 ! o ® S 0'S Ph g o s 888*23 ‘ 188 S rH •^•®0iQ0O !hW - - ~ j j § s o °? a a> 3 SISsil isS i sslllll iss j i 2 j •a 3 02 s | Sfifi^ ill i s“gsg‘sa i“‘s 1 1 i i 5SS338 i is2 i 2882S i i :38 i i 8 : 1 (£§°o 288*8 i :525 1 i i !, ! yi jigs8- ! Hi Bookkeeping . Shorthand . . Typewriting . . Commercial arithmetic _ Commercial law . . Commercial geography.... i;iai uio tui y _ _ _ Penmanship _ Office practice . Elementary business training ___ Drawing and art . . Music . . . . . ~ si., — + : — | j I I I 1 I 5 I ! >> I I f§ fa m 3 i 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 To satisfy the many inquiries for the largest high schools in the United States, table 17 lists by size the 40 public high schools that in 1934 had more than 5,000 pupils each, 31 of which are a part of the New York City school system and 5 of the Chicago system. Table 17.— PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS ENROLLING MORE THAN 5,000 PUPILS IN 1934 Rank in size Enroll¬ ment Name of school City 1 2 3 4 1 13, 374 De Witt Clinton High School (hoys) . New York, N. Y. 2 11, 357 James Monroe High School. . . . Do. 3 10,611 New Utrecht High School _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 4 9,411 Erasmus Hall High School . . . . Do. 5 9,242 Girls Commercial High School . Do. 6 9, 095 High School . . . Jamaica (New York City). 7 8, 844 Newtown High School.-. _ _ Elmhurst (New York City). 8 8, 830 Theodore Roosevelt High School (commercial).. New York, N. Y. 9 8,748 Textile High School _ _ _ Do. 10 8,745 Evander Childs High School . Do. 11 8, 722 Theodore Roosevelt Evening High School . Do. 12 8, 577 Haaren High School... . Do. 13 8, 458 James Madison High School.. . Brooklyn, N. Y. 14 8, 423 Samuel J. Tilden High School . Do. 15 8,356 Thomas Jefferson High School. . . Do. 16 7, 889 Abraham Lincoln High School . . . Do. 17 7,710 Julia Richman High School . . . . New York, N. Y. 18 7, 620 Wm. L. Dickinson High School _ _ _ Jersey City, N. J. 19 7, 504 Ozone Park High School . . Jamaica (New York City). 20 6,892 Washington Irving High School.. . New York, N. Y. 21 6,870 Carl Schurz High School . . Chicago, HI. 22 6, 865 Arsenal Technical High School. . . . Indianapolis, Ind. 23 6, 819 Manual Training High School . . . Brooklyn, N. Y. 24 6,737 J. Sterling Morton High School. . . Cicero, Ill. 25 6,727 Seward Park High School . . New York, N. Y. 26H 6, 581 High School . . . . . Richmond Hill (New York City). 26J4 6,581 Albert G. Lane High School . Chicago, Ill. 28 6, 499 Austin High School . . . . Do. 29 6, 403 Walton High School... . . . . New York, N. Y. 30 6, 333 George Washington High School . . Do. 31 6, 249 Grover Cleveland High School (Ridgewood) _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 32 6, 124 Bryant High School . . . . Long Island City (New York City). 33 6, 079 Brooklyn High School . . Brooklyn, N. Y. 34 5,747 Morris High School . . New York, N. Y. 35 5, 645 Lindblom High School. . Chicago, HI. 36 5, 468 Tilden Technical High School . . Do. 37 5, 368 High School . . New Haven, Conn. 38 5, 050 Boys High School _ _ _ _ Brooklyn, N. Y. 39 5, 026 Washington Irving Evening High School _ New York, N. Y. 40 5, 024 Stuyvesant High School . . Do. PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS Although estimates are made biennially of the total number of teachers and pupils in private secondary schools, other data are collected directly from the schools about every 4 or 6 years. The distribution of schools, teachers, and pupils reporting in 1933 is given by religious affiliation or control in table 18, the historical data on subject registrations in private high schools are given in table 19, and the distribution of the estimated total teachers and pupils in 1936 by States is given in Statistics of State School Systems. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 23 Table 18.— ENROLLMENT BY YEARS IN PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES, CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RELIGIOUS AFFIL¬ IATION OR CONTROL, 1932-33 Religious denomination Number of schools Secondary instructors Enrollment Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 Baptist. . . . . 39 163 100 2,110 1,564 Brethren - - - - - - - 4 11 12 105 123 1 14 170 Christian Reformed _ _ _ 3 18 6 265 324 Christian Science . . . . . . 3 8 5 35 16 Church of New Jerusalem _ _ _ 1 9 29 C ongregational _ _ _ _ 20 68 76 845 959 Disciples of Christ. . . . . . 3 11 11 131 196 Episcopal - - - 90 459 432 4, 509 2. 394 Evangelical Free Church . . . 1 1 2 34 38 Friends. . . . . . 22 132 134 1,280 1, 210 Jp,wish .. . _ _ _ _ 2 26 2 348 Lutheran - - - - - - 35 120 43 1, 166 915 Mennonite _ _ _ 2 3 17 26 Methodist Episcopal . . . . 28 120 143 1,491 1, 666 Methodist Episcopal, South . . 6 16 25 186 131 Moravian . . . . . . . . . 2 5 16 17 71 Nazarene _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 8 9 67 86 Pillar of Fire. _ _ 1 2 4 19 15 Presbyterian . . . . 48 169 222 2,494 2,040 Reformed Church _ _ _ _ 7 83 4 738 128 Roman Catholic ... _ 1, 715 3, 090 8, 165 84,840 112, 872 Seventh-day Adventist _ _ _ _ 72 172 116 1,598 1, 748 Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant . . . 1 6 3 54 82 Unitarian. _ 1 7 69 Universalist _ _ _ 1 11 61 Other denominations _ 2 7 14 161 169 Nonsectarian _ _ _ 522 2,757 2, 502 29,273 21, 291 Total (continental United States and outlying parts). . . . . 2, 635 7, 462 12, 080 131,852 148, 324 Table 19.— PUPILS IN CERTAIN STUDIES IN PRIVATE HIGH SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES SINCE 1890 24 £8' o ^ co CO 1-H 30 CO -H CM 00 CO o 03rH CO CO CM ' 03 00 CM 0C»C»O^rH 1-H CO CM * ( CM H 30 CM CO CO ^ CO I— * H cm cm co 00" cm" o' CO CM ^ c COCM >ONiO 00 CO CO ^ ^ CO 10 OHOCM COCOON CO 03* CO 03 CM* 00 to I 1ONCON1 CM O 05 3 03 00 00 03 CO 00 10 O CO CM 30 03 i-H CM * 1-H 03 00 Tt^ 30 1 CM O CO 1 HHOl^t 0^00 ef< CO t>- 00 00 03 CM . 10 CO 30 CO 00 > t'- O ~ 00 03" CM >00 r^cocot^oo xco-^h > O ^ CM CO 00 O 30 CM CO O n CO CM( S g* Ph g 0*OCMNtJ4 CO CM* CO* 1-H CO ^ o CO CO CO 00 CO O CM CO 130 03 CON CO 1 00 CO CO 00 r—1 fe a «*-■ £g °5 03 CO 00 ^ CO CM CM 30 O 30 30 O 1-H t-H c Ph8°3 30 CO 30 03 CM 00 cm * co* r»* © 30 30 CM CM 30 CO Tf O O CO 00 GO ^ CM 30 H 30 CO CM CO CO 30 03 30 00 CO CM 1-H CM o CO 03 o 30 30 03 03 o i-H i-H CO CO N CgVjio 03 00 30 CO CM 00 SS1 fig NH30 NHN ^ H CO 30 CO CO 30 CM (2 § 0 o co ^ o = s Clj; P'S &5 s; >® s 5 1 H 9^3 co 3-$ .3° p w d ___ feOcaO D. S eu 03 E >-G ■ w 5 ^a3!? 11 111 So “| g HObOlS ® >. ^ O £.Sh 0 evE-=a oxa ■305C5 ca ® mSS ‘E-a a a a S'a >> §5 1 1 2 ^ I !!!> I a <5 -a g-3a log a 5 55® 5 .2 a gggis aaWPn^fi (rawing . *"”"1"““"'” J 31,006 1 24.7 1 29,116 1 16.4 I 26,427 1 10. 7 < 21,539 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 25 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 HIGHER EDUCATION Since 1932, statistics for higher education have been integrated and presented in one chapter of the Biennial Survey of Education. Pre¬ vious to that time various types of higher education received different statistical treatment and therefore very few comparable historical data for higher education as a whole can be given. Enrollments and the ratio of these enrollments to the number of persons 18 to 21 years of age, inclusive, by decades from 1900 to 1930, and for each biennium since, are given in table 20. Table 20.— ENROLLMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION AND RATIO TO POPULATION 18 TO 21 YEARS, INCLUSIVE Year Enrollment Ratio to popu¬ lation 18-21 years, in¬ clusive Year Enrollment Ratio to pop¬ ulation 18-21 years, in¬ clusive 1900 . . 237, 592 355, 215 597, 857 1, 100, 737 4. 01 1932 . . 1, 154, 117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 12. 59 1910 . 4. 84 1934 . 11.35 1920 . . . 8. 14 1936 . . . 12.80 1930 . . 12. 19 A summary of data on faculty, students, degrees, receipts, expendi¬ tures, and property for the years ending in June of 1932, 1934, and 1936 for all higher education combined is given in table 21. Table 21.— HISTORICAL SUMMARY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION Item 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1 2 3 4 Numbers of institutions on mailing list _ _ 1, 465 1, 418 1,706 1. 628 I. Faculty, students, and degrees: Numbers reporting faculty, students, and degrees.. A. Faculty (reduced to full-time basis): 1. Men _ 1, 460 71, 680 29, 109 71, 592 28, 343 78, 316 31, 909 2. Women _ Total _ .... _ _ _ 100, 789 99,935 110, 225 B. Resident college enrollment: 1. Regular session: (a) Men .. _ 667, 181 486, 936 615, 720 439, 640 709, 672 498, 555 (6) Women . . . . . . . . Total . . . 1, 154, 117 1, 055, 360 1, 208, 227 2. Summer session: (a) Men.. . . . . . . . 148, 017 266, 243 119, 486 184, 268 135, 752 234, 274 (6) Women _ _ _ _ _ Total . . . 414, 260 303, 754 370, 026 3. Third week of fall term (men and women) 1 . 4. Freshmen (first year of college work), men and women . . 839, 741 * 336, 997 765, 661 2 307, 690 1, 077, 484 2 366, 734 1 Data for 1935-36 estimated for schools not reporting; data for 1933-34 and 1931-32 are the actual totals for schools reporting these items. 1 Estimated. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 27 Table 21.— HISTO RICAL SUMMARY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION— Con Item 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1 2 3 4 I. Faculty, students, and degrees— Continued. B. Resident college enrollment— Continued. 5. Arts and sciences: (a) Undergraduate: (1) Men _ _ 296, 495 235, 517 283, 189 227, 430 328, 72i> 272, 973 (2) Women . _ _ . Total . . . . 532, 012 510, 619 601, 702 (6) Graduate: (1) Men . . . . . . 25, 947 16, 711 23, 292 15, 404 24, 356 16, 992 Total . . . . 42, 658 38, 696 41, 348- 6. Professional schools: (a) Undergraduate: (1) Men . . . - 302, 375 193, 158 282, 995 170, 107 336, 763 190, 4591 Total.. . . . 495, 533 453, 102 527, 222 (6) Graduate- (1) Men . . . . 24. 961 10. 501 21, 855 10, 251 24,211 14, 012 (2) W omen . . . . Total . . . — . 35, 462 32, 106 38,223 C. Degrees: 1. Baccalaureate and first professional: (a) Men _ 83, 271 54, 792 82, 341 53, 815 86, 067 57,058 (6) Women.. . . . . Total . . . . . . 138, 063 136, 156 143, 125 2. Master’s, including advanced engineering: (a) Men 2 . . 12, 191 7, 148 11, 497 6, 767 11,466 6, 777 (6) Women2 . . Total . . . . . . 19, 339 18, 264 18, 243 3. Doctor’s: (a) Men 2 _ _ _ . 2, 455 445 2, 443 372 2, 368 400 ( b ) Women 2 . . . . Total . . . . . 2, 900 2,815 2, 768 4. Honorary (men and women) _ _ _ _ _ 1, 167 1,280 1,347 II. Receipts: Number reporting receipts . . . . 1, 380 1, 357 1,541 A. Receipts for educational and general purposes: 1. Student fees ... _ _ _ _ _ $150, 649, 047 60, 902, 567 J 174, 663, 239 29, 947, 529 21, 008, 513 14, 825, 938 10, 997, 781 56, 256, 818 $138, 257, 350 55, 533, 447 19, 826, 685 } 117,551,114 27, 467, 860 17, 758, 828 12, 330, 113 9, 653, 266 41, 802, 871 $158, 134, 025 60, 090, 075 43, 233, 704 119, 585, 147 21, 049, 547 37,115,240 24, 942, 821 26. 954, 992 (3) (3) 2. Endowment income _ _ . ... 3. Federal Government _ _ 4. State and local governments. . . (a) State... .. . (6) County, city, district _ _ _ _ 5. Private gifts and grants _ ... _ _ 6. Sales and services of organized activities _ 7. Other (miscellaneous) receipts.. B. Receipts for other noneducational purposes _ C. Receipts for increase of physical plant _ . .. Total, A through C _ . 519, 251, 432 103, 268, 891 47, 676, 822 1, 357 440, 181, 534 87, 983, 321 27, 477, 968 1, 327 491, 105, 551 106, 479, 162 47, 038, 548 1,540 D. Auxiliary enterprises and activities. ... _ E. Receipts for increase of permanent funds.. . III. Expenditures: Number reporting expenditures . . . . . A . E dueational and general expenditures : 1. General administration and expense _ _ _ $47, 231, 796 232, 645, 009 21.297. 061 $43, 154, 673 203, 331, 619 14. 154. 858 $48, 069, 292 225, 143, 586 20, 240, 598 22, 090, 800 2. Resident instruction : (a) Colleges, schools, and departments.. .. ( b ) Related activities _ .... 3. Organized research _ _ _ 21,977,741 1 17,063,860 2 Estimated. 1 Included under section A. 28 BIENNIAL SUllVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 21.— HISTORICAL SUMMARY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION— Con. Item 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1 2 3 4 .'III. Expenditures — Continued A. Educational and general expenditures— Con. 4. Libraries _ 5. Physical plant operation and maintenance _ Subtotal _ _ _ 6. Extension _ Total itemized expenditures _ 7. Unitemized expenditures _ _ _ Total educational and general expenditures. . 13 . Auxiliary enterprises and activities _ C. Other noneducational expenditures _ D. Capital outlay: 1. Buildings and grounds _ 2. Equipment _ $11, 379, 044 56, 796, 812 $13, 387, 323 51, 046, 180 $15, 530, 878 56, 801, 592 391, 327, 463 24, 066, 441 342, 138, 513 20, 020, 217 387, 876, 746 29, 426, 534 415, 393,904 5, 238, 649 362, 158, 730 7, 502, 347 417, 303, 280 2, 579, 553 420,632,553 90, 897, 297 24, 993, 022 369, 661, 077 78, 730, 428 20, 937, 898 419, 882, 833 95, 331, 995 26, 175, 774 83, 272, 416 15, 017, 563 22, 364, 868 7, 138, 064 39, 605, 904 7, 763, 503 Total capital outlay _ TV. Property: Number reporting property _ A. Number of bound volumes in libraries. B. Value of physical property: 98, 289, 979 qqq 52, 919, 063 29, 502, 932 1,269 57,917,812 47, 369, 407 1,362 62, 858, 078 1. Grounds _ 2. Buildings _ 3. Equipment . . . Total physical property _ Dormitories (included in buildings) C. Permanent funds: $331,293, 862 1, 527, 500, 856 348, 499, 859 $302, 929, 591 1, 584, 766, 902 365, 180, 972 $334, 085, 387 1, 636, 722, 004 388,611,098 2, 207, 294, 577 2, 252, 877, 465 2, 359, 418, 489 (4) 221, 469, 952 277, 903, 895 1. Endowment funds . . 2. Annuity funds _ 3. Loan funds _ _ _ Total funds . . . Total, property and funds. 1,372,348, 965 (5) 91, 058, 165 (5) (5) 1, 472, 946, 354 43, 756, 819 23, 024, 392 1, 539, 727, 565 3, 792, 605, 030 1, 553, 610, 393 42, 028, 871 27, 465, 736 1, 623, 105, 000 3, 982, 523, 489 4 Data not tabulated. 5 No comparable data. A summary of enrollments in summer sessions in institutions of higher education from 1914 to 1935 and of extension and correspond¬ ence work from 1917-18 to 1935-36 is given in table 22. Summer session enrollments grew constantly, except in 1918, up to 1932. Part of the decrease in 1933 was regained in 1935. Extension and correspondence enrollments previous to 1931-32 included collegiate and noncollegiate students. For 1931-32 and subsequent years enrollment data pertaining to collegiate students have been kept separate. Persons attending only lectures, etc., have been eliminated as far as possible. Table 22.— NUMBER OF STUDENTS TAKING SUMMER SESSION AND EXTENSION AND CORRESPONDENCE WORK IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1914-15 TO 1935-36 Year Summer session Extension and corres¬ pondence Year Summer session Extension and corres¬ pondence 1914-15 _ 83, 234 89, 438 78,059 132,849 220,311 278, 125 1925-26 _ 340, 461 382, 776 388, 006 414, 260 303, 754 370, 026 324, 819 360, 246 354, 133 1 265, 265 2 208, 507 3 251, 469 1915-16... 1927-28 _ 1917-18 . . . . 50, 314 101, 662 155, 163 194, 147 1929r30 . 1919-20 _ 1931-32 . . 1921-22 . 1933-34 . . . . 1923-24 .. 1935-36 . . 1 174,921 noncollegiate students omitted. 5 45,484 noncollegiate students omitted. 3 46,452 noncollegiate students omitted. statistical summary of education 29 The growth of the junior college has been one of the outstanding developments in the educational field in recent years. The trend, with respect to institutions reporting to the Office of Education, is shown in the data for number of schools and enrollments given in table 23. The Office of Education does not request reports from junior colleges offering less than 2 years’ work or from nonaccredited institutions that have fewer than 50 students. The total number of junior colleges, including those offering 1 year’s work only or having few pupils is therefore greater than the number given in table 23. Table 23.— NUMBER OF JUNIOR COLLEGES AND THEIR ENROLL¬ MENT, 1917-18 to 1935-36 Year All schools reporting Publicly controlled Privately controlled Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1917-18 - - - 46 4,504 14 1,367 32 3, 137 1919-20 _ 52 8, 102 10 2,940 42 5, 162 1921-22 _ 80 12, 124 17 4, 771 63 7, 353 1923-24 _ _ _ 132 20, 559 39 9, 240 93 11,319 1925-26 _ 153 27, 095 47 13, 859 106 13, 236 1927-28... _ _ 248 44, 855 114 28, 437 134 16,418 1929-30 _ _ _ _ 277 55, 616 129 36, 501 148 19, 115 1931-32 . . . 342 85, 063 159 58, 887 183 26,176 1933-34 _ _ _ 322 78, 480 152 55, 869 170 22, 611 1935-36 _ _ 415 102, 453 187 70, 557 228 31, 896 SOURCE OF INCOME The increase in income for education of $283,493,674, or 10.9 per¬ cent, from 1933-34 to 1935-36 is less than the decrease of 15.6 percent from 1931-32 to 1933-34 and of 22.6 percent from 1929-30 to 1933-34. This increase has been largely for public education which gained 12.7 percent while private education gained 1 percent in its income for current and capital purposes. On the basis of 1931-32 as 100, the index for income for public education in 1933-34 was 86.8 and in 1935-36 it was 97.8. That for private education in 1933-34 was 73.8 and in 1935-36 it was 74.6. Private education lost much more rela¬ tively in the economic depression than public and had gained prac¬ tically none of it back by 1935-36. It should be noted that these data include income for capital outlays and that the Federal Public Works Administration allotted large amounts for school buildings for public education in the biennium under consideration. Table 24.— SOURCE OF INCOME, 1935-36 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 31 The source of public money used for education can be rather accu¬ rately allocated to the political unit providing the funds. All private funds, however, ^cannot be allocated to sources as many types of private schools do not report financial items to the Office of Educa¬ tion. Roughly, 97 percent of the income for public education came from the public treasury: 2 percent, Federal; 30 percent, State; and 65 percent, county, city, or district. For private education only 3 percent came from public funds: 0.5 percent, Federal; 2.5 percent, State; and less than 0.02 percent, from county, city, or district. The proportion of funds for public education from the various public sources shifted from 1934 to 1936 to a larger proportion being supplied by the Federal and State and a smaller by the local governments. In 1934 the Federal Government supplied 1.98 percent and in 1936, 2.14 percent; from the State government, the corresponding percentages were 26.86 and 30.68, respectively; while the proportion derived from local governments decreased from 71.16 to 67.18 percent. Of the entire income for public education 96.75 percent was derived from public funds in 1935-36 and 96.62 from such funds in 1933-34. There has been a very significant change in the percentage of money derived from State, county, and local taxation and appropriation for the public-school system since 1930, as shown in table 25. Table 25.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS FROM TAXATION ANQ APPROPRIATION, 1930-36 Year Source in percent State County Local * 2 3 4 1930-.. . . . . . . . 16.7 10.6 72.7 1932 . . . . . . . 19.5 8.8 71.7 1934... . . . . . . 23.4 9.4 67.2 1936 . . . . . . . . . 29.4 7. 1 63.5 The State by increasing its share is broadening the base of support for the public schools. EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EDUCATION The 15.5 percent increase in expenditures for education in the biennium from 1933-34 to 1935-36 only partly restored the decrease of 22.6 percent the previous biennium and of 29.8 percent in the 4 years from 1929-30 to 1933-34. A total expenditure of $2,650,000,000 was made for education during the year 1935-36. This amount does not include expenditures for private commercial, music, art, vocational, correspondence schools or nurse-training schools or revolving funds for dormitories, dining halls, etc. in institutions for higher education. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 The elementary schools spent approximately $1,328,000,000, the high schools $810,000,000, and the institutions of higher education $493,000,000, not including State and private institutions for excep¬ tional children or the Government schools for Indians. When considered in lump sums the expenditures for education seem large, but they pay for the education of one-fourth of the entire popu¬ lation and direct employment of more than 1,000,000 teachers, jani¬ tors, bus drivers, and numerous others, as well as indirect employ¬ ment of many in producing, selling, and transporting the materials- needed by the schools. The cost of educating the 27,154,371 persons in public institutions for whom expenditures were reported was equal to 8.04 cents a day for each adult 21 years of age and over in the United States. The education of the 3,284,115 persons in private institutions would add 1.5 cents a day for each adult. Therefore 9.54 cents a day for each person of voting age in the United States would pay the entire bill for education. The annual cost per adult for public education was $29.35 and for private education, $5.49, a total of $34.84, compared with $30.51 in 1933-34, $40.05 in 1931-32, and $44.34 in 1929-30. Table 26.— EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOLS REPORTING, 1935-3& (INCLUDES CAPITAL OUTLAY) Schools Public Private Total > 2 3 4 Elementary schools (including kindergarten) . . High schools and academies . . . . . Universities, colleges, and professional schools (including preparatory departments) 2 . . . Teachers colleges and normal schools 3 . . . . . Schools for delinquents 4 . . . $1,204, 696,632 764, 201, 566 208, 183, 284 39,007, 811 6 2, 103, 052 * 870,190 5 1,020, 706 8 3, 683, 919 8, 468,076 i $123, 177, 705 i 45, 411,980 244, 097, 836 2, 139, 083 8 224, 326 8 1,992, 321 8 352, 218 8 283, 318 $1, 327, 874, 337 809, 613, 546 452, 281, 120* 41,146, 894 8 2, 327, 378 8 2, 862, 511 8 1, 372, 924 8 3, 967, 237 8, 468, 076 Schools for deaf 4 . . _ . . . - Schools for blind 4 . . . . Schools for mentallv deficient 4 . . . . . . Government schools for Indians 6 _ _ Total expenditures (continental United States) _ Federal Government schools for natives of Alaska . _ Territorial public school in Alaska 2, 232, 235, 236 417, 678, 787 2, 649, 914, 023: 622, 221 695, 162 622, 221 695, 162: • Estimated. 1 $30,788,863 public, $57,062,946 private, and $87,851,809 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and! activities not included. 3 $7,163,877 public, $316,309 private, and $7,480,186 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activi¬ ties not included. 4 State and private residential schools only; city public schools not included. 8 Includes expenditures for instructional purposes, and capital outlay (not included previously), for schools, reporting these items. 8 Not including amount spent for tuition in public schools— $653,419. Total expenditures for public education from 1900 to 1936 are given in table 27 for elementary and secondary schools and for higher edu¬ cation. Expenditures increased through 1930, decreased in 1932 and again in 1934 and increased in 1936. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 33 Table 27.— TOTAL EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION (IN¬ CLUDING CAPITAL OUTLAY AND AUXILIARY AGENCIES AND ACTIVITIES) Year Elementary and secondary Higher edu¬ cation Year Elementary and secondary Higher edu¬ cation 1 2 3 1 2 3 1900 _ _ $214, 964, 618 238, 262, 299 273, 216, 227 307, 765, 659 371, 344, 410 426, 250, 434 482, 886, 793 555, 677, 146 640, 717, 053 763, 678, 089 i $11, 333, 453 i 14,461,511 i 17,219,005 i 20, 633, 769 i 28, 019, 122 i 32, 646, 569 i 39, 523, 478 1 54, 588, 514 » 61, 510, 989 2 84, 204, 168 1920 _ _ $1, 036, 151, 209 1, 580, 671, 296 1, 820, 743, 936 2, 026, 308, 190 2, 184, 336, 638 2, 316, 790, 384 2, 174, 650, 555 1, 720, 105, 229 1, 968, 898, 198 2 $115, 596, 906 3 164, 309, 430 2 192, 461,107 2 228,943, 137 * 264, 046, 579 288, 908, 502 282, 334, 585 220, 028,024 285, 143, 835 1902 1922- _ _ 1904 1924 . . 1906 . . . 1926. _ _ 1908 _ 1928 _ 1910 . 1930 . 1912 1932 . . 1914 1934 1916 . . 1936 . . 1918 . 1 Does not include public institutions not classified as land-grant colleges or normal schools. Receipts used for expenditures. J Receipts used for expenditures for universities and colleges. * Receipts used for all institutions. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR EDUCATION Federal expenditures for education naturally divide themselves into two groups, those that recur annually and those which are special or emergency appropriations. Table 28 shows the Federal non¬ emergency funds authorized or expended for educational purposes in 1935-36. It should be noted that many of the amounts given in this table are not expenditures by the Federal Government directly for schools but are appropriations to States and are reported by them as expendi¬ tures of school districts and institutions of higher education. This table shows, as far as data are available, the amount of money supplied by the Federal Government for expenditures for educational purposes directly or by any school system or institution. It is not possible to present a summary of statistics for special and emergency undertakings of the Federal Government in the field of education because of the different forms of reporting on these projects. Some data on these projects are given in Office of Education Leaflet No. 30, Federal Aid for Education, 1935-36 and 1936-37. The following organizations had educational projects of various types in 1936: Tennessee Valley Authority, Civilian Conservation Corps, National Advisory Committee on Education, Office of Education (Emergency Relief Projects), National Youth Administration, Works Progress Administration, and the Public Works Administration. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 28.— AMOUNT OF FEDERAL NONEMERGENCY FUNDS AU¬ THORIZED OR EXPENDED FOR EDUCATION PURPOSES, 1935-36 Office of Education, U. S. Department of the Interior: 1935-86 For administration, research, and service by the Federal office in Washington, D. C.1 _ $663, 380 Apportionment to the States and Territories for vocational educa¬ tion and rehabilitation (total) _ 37, 285, 253 1. To land-grant colleges (subtotal) _ 25, 443, 791 (a) For instruction in agriculture, mechanic arts, etc.2 _ 3, 530, 000 ( b ) For agricultural extension service 3 _ 16, 758, 096 (c) For agricultural experimental stations 4 _ 5,155,695 2. For vocational education at secondary level 2 (subtotal)5 _ 10, 386, 603 (а) For training of teachers _ 1, 115, 000 (б) For agricultural education _ 4, 098, 020 (c) For trade and industrial education 6 _ 4, 122, 191 (d) For home-economics education _ 1, 051, 392 3. For vocational rehabilitation 2 _ 1, 454, 859 TJ. S. Office of Indian Affairs (total)7 _ _ 7, 922, 720 1. For support and education of Indian pupils at 19 nonreserva¬ tion schools _ 2, 642, 575 2. For subsistence of pupils retained in Government boarding schools during summer _ 45, 000 3. For the support of Indian schools not otherwise provided for, including pupil transportation costs, tuition to public schools, and expense of pupils placed with families for educational purposes _ 4, 609, 145 4. For education of natives of Alaska 7 _ 626, 000 Federal oil and mineral royalties 8 _ 1, 640, 326 National-forest funds 9 _ 995, 891 i Includes amount authorized for the Vocational Education Division, formerly the Federal Board for Vocational Education, and for administering C. C. C. educational program. * Administered by the Office of Education. 3 Administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. 4 Administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and includes cost of administration, research, and service of the staff in Washington, D. C., and of the printing of official experiment station documents. 4 The amount indicated is the maximum amount authorized for apportionment to the several States and Territories. In case a balance remains from a preceding year’s apportionment in any State, the apportionment to the State is reduced accordingly. * A certain part of this sum may be used for home-economics education. 7 Does not include personal services and expenses of the National Office in Washington, D. C., except those for the section dealing with education of natives in Alaska. 8 Amount accrued for fiscal year 1936 for roads or schools for all States receiving such funds except Oregon; 37>2 percent of receipts from bonuses, royalties, and rentals received by the Federal Government is paid to the State within whose boundaries the leased lands or deposits are located, with the exception noted. * 5 percent of the current national-forest receipts, chiefly from timber and grazing rights, is paid to the States for public roads and schools of the counties in which the forests are situated. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 35 Table 28.— AMOUNT OF FEDERAL NONEMERGENCY FUNDS AU¬ THORIZED OR EXPENDED FOR EDUCATION PURPOSES, 1925-36— Continued 1935-36 Public-land and timber sales 10 _ $14, 577 Public-land sale grants 11 _ 1, 649 Howard University _ 665, 000 National Training School for Boys _ 12 203, 000 Columbia Institution for the Deaf _ 12 135, 800 Public schools of the District of Columbia13 _ 1, 644, 443 United States Military Academy 14 _ 2, 357, 256 United States Naval Academy 14 _ 1, 928, 000 4 State marine schools 15 _ _ _ 100, 000 Public schools in Panama Canal Zone _ 379, 556 10 Certain counties in Oregon contain land which has been turned back to the U. S. Government, 25 percent of income from the sale of such land or timber sold from it goes to the State for the counties for roads, port districts, and schools. 11 Amount accrued for fiscal year 1936 for roads or schools; 5 percent of the receipts from the sale of public lands within certain States is paid to the State for public schools or roads. 11 Does not include deficiency appropriations for previous years. 11 Estimate. Includes funds provided by the Federal Government for the expense of educating children of the District of Columbia in such institutions as the National Training School for Girls. 14 Funds are provided annually by the Federal Government for the educational training of cadets in the U. S. Military Academy at West Point and the U. S. Naval Academy at Annapolis. Such provision is authorized each year by Congress as a part of the annual appropriation acts for the War and Navy De¬ partments. The amounts indicated for the Military Academy include $964,080 authorized for the year 1936 as pay for the cadets enrolled in that school, but the corresponding amounts for the Naval Academy do not include pay for the midshipmen enrolled there since funds for their pay are included in the appro¬ priation for the pay of the regular personnel of the Navy. 14 To reimburse the States of California, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania for expenses in¬ curred in maintenance and support of their marine schools, $25,000 each; in addition the use of $90,000 was authorized for the maintenance and repair of ships loaned to the schools by the U. S. Navy. VALUE OF PROPERTY AND ENDOWMENTS Although the estimates of the value of school properties are not made according to a uniform standard, the amount reported as invested in grounds, buildings, and equipment was approximately $10,000,000,000. This exceeded the amount reported for 1933-34 by $200,000,000. Endowment and other trust funds were reported as $2,237,000,000 which exceeded the similar funds reported 2 years before by more than $83,300,000. Table 29.— ESTIMATED VALUE OF PROPERTY AND ENDOWMENTS, 1935-36 Schools Land, build¬ ings, and equipment Endowments and other trust funds Total 1 2 3 4 Public elementary and secondary schools _ _ Private elementary schools . . . . . . Private high schools . . _ . . _ . . $6, 731, 325. 000 375, 000, 000 650, 000, 000 2, 147, 073, 000 212, 346, 000 $463, 118, 000 2, 780, 000 148, 337, 000 1, 613, 383, 000 9, 722, 000 $7, 194, 443, 000 377, 780, 000 798, 337, 000 3, 760, 456, 000 222, 068, 000 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ Teacher-training institutions _ _ _ Total . . 10, 115, 744,000 2, 237, 340, 000 12, 353, 084, 000 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES Data for public elementary and secondary school libraries were collected for 1934-35. These are the first library statistics since 1928-29. The data are shown separately for school systems serving cities only, of various sizes, rural territory only, and urban and rural territory in one unit. In interpreting the figures given in table 30, especially those for rural, and urban and rural school systems and the total, it should be remembered that the figures are not complete and probably show a better picture than if all school districts had reported. For example, since only half of the school systems re¬ ported, the fact that 92 percent of the schools were served by either centralized libraries or classroom collections should not be inter¬ preted to mean that 92 percent of all public schools in the United States have some form of library service. Until a more complete coverage can be obtained, the actual situation in the United States as a whole will not be known. For this reason it is very necessary that basic statistics on school libraries should be recorded and re¬ ported to city and county superintendents’ offices. TaEle 30.— PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARY STATISTICS FOR 4 GROUPS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS AND SCHOOLS UNbER ADMINISTRATION OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS, 1934-35 STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 37 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 SCHOOL SURVIVAL RATES Of each 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in 1928-29, approximately 378 remained in school throughout the course and graduated from high school in 1936. This is 45 more than were surviving through to graduation 2 years earlier and 108 more than 5 years earlier. Thus the survival rate increased in 5 years from 27 percent to almost 38 percent. Table 31.— SURVIVAL, BY GRADES, PER 1,000 PUPILS ENROLLED IN THE FIFTH GRADE IN THE YEARS INDICATED Grade or year Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in— 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 Elementary: Fifth L. . 1,000 893 1,000 911 1,000 911 1,000 919 1,000 928 1,000 939 Sixth . . Seventh . . . . 782 798 815 824 834 847 Eighth _ _ _ _ 719 741 745 754 779 805 High school: I . . . . 582 612 642 677 738 736 II. . . . 441 470 509 552 588 624 Ill . . . . . 347 384 421 453 485 498 IV . . . 310 344 370 400 415 437 Graduates . . . . 270 302 316 333 355 378 • Fourth grade in 11-grade system; fifth grade in 12-grade system. In the class graduating from college in 1936 there were 56 remaining of the original 1,000 who were in the fifth grade in elementary school in 1924-25. This is 4 more per 1,000 than graduated in 1934. Table 32.— SURVIVAL, THROUGH COLLEGE, PER 1,000 PUPILS EN¬ ROLLED IN THE FIFTH GRADE IN THE YEARS INDICATED Education Number surviving per 1,000 pupils in the fifth grade in— 1906-07 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 « 2 3 4 5 8 7 Fifth grade . . . . . High-school graduation . . . College graduation . . . . 1,000 139 23 1,000 241 56 1,000 245 53 1000 252 52 1,000 270 55 1,000 302 56 ESTIMATED EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION It is estimated that in 1936 there were in the United States about 2,257,200 living college graduates, which is 3.32 percent of the popu¬ lation 21 years of age and over. There were also 8,984,600 living high-school graduates, over 21 years of age, who had not continued their education through college. This group constitutes 11.81 percent of the adult population. Therefore, out of every 1,000 adult people, 151 have completed high school or have further education. This is STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 39 13 more per 1,000 adults than in 1934 and 17 more than in 1932. In 1936 only 15.1 percent of the population 21 years of age and over had graduated from high school. This percentage will rise rapidly since the 1,300,000 and more who are dying each year, who are over 21 years of age, who have probably in general less than a completed elementary education are being replaced by more than 2,000,000 who are becoming of age (21) each year, of whom from 900,000 to 1,000,000 are high-school graduates. The median education for the country as a whole is completion of the elementary school. o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 being Chapter II of Volume II of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES I 1934-36 BULLETIN, 1937, No. 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] PREPARED BY DAVID T. BLOSE Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics and HENRY F. ALVES Senior Specialist in State School Administration With the collaboration of other staff members as shown in the footnote UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 15 cents CONTENTS Part I. General Findings and Interpretations: TEXT Page Introduction _ 1 Enrollment _ 2 Ratio of enrollment to population _ 5 Elementary school enrollment _ 6 High-school enrollment _ 9 School attendance _ 11 Attendance in relation to enrollment _ 13 Length of school term and days attended _ 14 Administrative officers, supervisors, and principals _ _ 17 Administrative officers and assistants _ 17 Supervisors and principals _ _ 17 The teacher and related items _ _ 18 Number of teachers _ _ 18 Men and women teachers _ 19 Pupil-teacher ratio _ 19 Average salaries of teachers, principals, and supervisors _ 21 Financial support _ 22 Revenue receipts _ 22 Nonrevenue receipts _ 29 Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts _ 29 Expenditures _ _ 29 Current expenses _ 29 Capital outlay _ 33 Debt service _ 33 Cost per pupil. _ _ 33 School property _ 39 Value of school property _ 39 Number of school buildings _ 39 School debt _ _ _ 41 Statistics of Negro schools _ _ _ _ _ 46 School population and enrollment _ 46 Attendance and length of term _ 47 Pupil-teacher ratio _ _ _ 48 Some urban and rural school statistics _ 49 Enrollment and attendance _ 50 Length of school term and days attended _ 52 Pupil-teacher ratio _ 52 Expenditures _ 53 School buildings and related items _ 53 iii IV CONTENTS DERIVED TABLES Page I. Enrollment by States and percentage of increase or decrease, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 3 II. Enrollment in elementary grades, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 4 III. Enrollment by grade, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 8 IV. Average daily attendance by States and percentage of increase or decrease, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 13 V. Percentage of term not utilized, 1910-36 _ 16 VI. Percentage of increase or decrease in teaching positions and in average daily attendance, and number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 20 VII. Percentage of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by States, for years indicated _ 27 VIII. Comparison of receipts from loans and bond sales, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 30 IX. Comparison of State school expenses, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936__ 32 X. Comparison of current expenses not including interest, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 35 XI. Percentage comparison of current expense and annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance, excluding interest, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 37 XII. School debt interest payments by States and by per pupil in average daily attendance for years given _ _ 43 XIII. Comparison of urban and rural day schools, 1935-36 _ _ 49 Part II. Detailed Statistics: NATIONAL SUMMARY TABLES 1. Statistical summary of elementary and secondary schools com¬ bined, 1870-1936 _ 55 2. Distribution of pupils by grades in public schools for the years indicated _ 57 DETAIL TABLES BY STATES Enrollment and population: 3. Pupils enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools at different dates _ 58 4. Percentage of the total population enrolled in schools and ratio of enrollment to school population of different dates _ 59 5 A. Population, school census, and pupils enrolled classified by elemen¬ tary and secondary (excluding duplicates within States), 1935- 36 _ 1 _ 61 5B. Pupils enrolled classified by elementary, junior, junior-senior, senior, and regular high schools (excluding duplicates within States), 1935-36 _ 63 6. Enrollment of pupils by grades, 1935-36 _ 65 7. Enrollment by length of term in days in public day schools in 31 States, 1935-36 _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 Attendance: 8. Average daily attendance, 1935-36 _ 68 9. Aggregate number of days attended, 1935-36 _ 69 10. Average daily attendance in elementary and secondary schools at different dates _ 70 II. Average length of school term and school attendance, 1871-1936. _ 71 CONTENTS V Staff: Page 12. Administrative officers and supervisory and instructional staff, 1935-36 _ 73 13. Number and sex of teachers employed, excluding superintendents, supervisors, and principals when separately reported, and the average salary of teachers, supervisors, and principals, 1935-36. _ 75 14. Percentage of men teachers for years indicated _ 77 Night, summer, part-time, and continuation schools: 15. Personnel and cost of instruction in public night, summer, and part-time and continuation schools, 1935-36 _ 78 School buildings, and property and land values: 16A. Public-school buildings, by use, 1935-36 _ 79 16B. Schools classified by organization, 1935-36 _ 80 17. Value of public property used for school purposes, 1935-36 - 81 18. Permanent school funds, State debts to permanent school funds, and school lands, 1935-36 _ 82 Sources of income: 19. Percentage analysis of revenue receipts, 1935-36 _ 83 20. Receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands, 1935-36 _ 84 21. Income from appropriation and taxation, 1935-36 _ 85 22. Income from miscellaneous revenue sources, Federal Government, and educational foundations; and total revenue receipts, 1935-36 86 23. Nonrevenue receipts, total all receipts, and balances on hand, 1935-36 _ 88 Expenditures: 24. Current expense payments for general control, instruction, opera¬ tion and maintenance of school plant, 1935-36 _ 90 25. Current expense payments for auxiliary agencies and fixed charges, total current expense, and capital outlay, 1935-36 _ 92 26. Recapitulation of expenditures in public schools, 1935-36 _ 94 27. Percentage analysis of expenditures, 1935-36 _ 96 Resources and liabilities: 28. Statement of resources, liabilities, receipts, and disbursements for the year ending June 30, 1936 _ 98 Costs: 29. Per capita cost of education, 1935-36 _ _ _ 100 TABLES BY TYPES OF SCHOOLS 30. Personnel and financial statistics of elementary and secondary schools by type for 25 States and 3 outlying parts, 1935-36 _ 101 I. Elementary day schools, including kindergartens _ 101 II. Separately organized junior high schools _ 101 III. Junior-senior high schools under one organization _ 102 IV. Separately organized senior high schools _ 102 V. Regular and vocational high schools _ 102 TABLES OF WHITE AND NEGRO SCHOOLS 31. Statistics of white and Negro school population, enrollment, and teachers in 18 States, 1935-36 _ 103 32. School term, school attendance, and average salaries of w'hite and Negro teachers in 18 States, 1935-36 _ 103 33. Enrollment by grades of white and Negro pupils in 18 States main¬ taining separate schools, 1930-36 _ 104 VI CONTENTS Page 34. Enrollment of Negro pupils, by grades, in 18 States, 1935-36 _ 105 35. Enrollment of Negro pupils in 18 States (excluding duplicates within States), 1935-36 _ 106 36. Average daily attendance and aggregate number of days attended in Negro schools, 1935-36 _ 107 37. Number and sex of Negro teachers, supervisors, and principals employed and number of teaching positions in 18 States, 1935-36 _ 108 TABLES FOR URBAN AND RURAL SCHOOLS 38. Population, 1930, and enrollments in public day schools, urban and rural, 1935-36 _ 109 39. Enrollment in urban school systems, by grades, 1935-36 _ 110 40. Enrollment in rural school systems, by grades, 1935-36 _ 112 41. Attendance and length of school term in public day schools, urban and rural, 1935-36 _ 114 42. Number of teachers and teaching load, urban and rural, 1935-36. 116 43. Number of school buildings and indebtedness, urban and rural, 1935-36 _ 117 44. Value of school property, salaries, and current expenditures urban and rural, 1935-36 _ 118 45. Expenditures for interest and capital outlay, per capita costs, and total expenditures, urban and rural, 1935-36 _ 120 TABLES FOR PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS 46. Teachers employed in private and parochial schools, 1935-36 _ 122 47. Pupils enrolled in private and parochial schools, 1935-36 _ 123 48. Number of schools, teachers, and pupils in Catholic elementary and high schools, 1935-36 _ 125 CHAPTER II STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-1936 1 INTRODUCTION THE STATISTICS presented in this chapter were furnished by the State offices of education of the 48 States, by the District of Co¬ lumbia, and by the 8 outlying parts of the United States. For the most part, these statistics relate to public elementary and secondary schools, although such data as were made available by the States are included in separate tables for private and parochial schools. Seven¬ teen States and the District of Columbia maintaining separate schools for white and Negro pupils, supplied data permitting the presentation of Negro school statistics. Whenever possible, totals and averages for the Nation are included. Statistics from the outlying parts are included in several of the tables but are excluded from the totals. In no case have the statistics of colleges, universities, and professional schools been included. Although it is recognized that States are constantly improving their systems of recording and reporting school data with the result that the statistics presented herein may be expected to be more reliable than in preceding years, variations in definitions of terminology used and in procedures followed in collecting data at their sources are re¬ sponsible for certain existing inaccuracies. For example, since all States do not exclude duplicates within and between States from their enroll¬ ment figures, certain State totals and the national totals are not en¬ tirely correct. The concerted effort being put forth by the States to improve their respective systems of recording and reporting school data may be expected to increase the accuracy and comparability of these State school statistics. Most of the data relating to public elementary and secondary schools are presented in a combined form for all the school districts or sub¬ divisions of each State. Practically no difficulty is encountered in securing pertinent data from city school systems in places having a population of 2,500 or more. The collection of educational statistics from schools and school systems in rural communities — that is, com¬ munities with less than 2,500 population and generally regarded as rural territory — and for the entire country for the nonurban area, has always presented numerous difficulties. In order to obtain statistics for these rural communities, the totals for cities, separately reported to this Office, were subtracted from the respective State totals for city and rural school districts combined. It is recognized that figures de- 1 Prepared under the supervision of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics, and Walter S. Deffen- baugh, Chief, Division of American School Systems. Statistical work done by Rose Marie Smith and Freda 8. Hames. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 rived in this manner must, because of varying practices in the States, be considered only as approximations. As may be expected, considerable variations are also found in the procedures and the classifications used by States in recording, as well as in reporting, data on the basis of elementary and secondary schools. In order that comparisons may be made by States and trends revealed over a number of years, most of the data are presented according to the traditional 8-4 or 7-4 organizations. Comparatively few States reported data in accordance with the several types of reorganized secondary schools. However, for those States that did report such data, separate tables were prepared to present data for the reorganized and the 4-year secondary schools; totals have not been included. Un¬ less otherwise indicated, the terms “elementary” and “secondary” refer to and include grades 1 to 8 and 9 to 12, respectively, in systems having 12 grades and grades 1 to 7 and 8 to 11, respectively, in sys¬ tems having 11 grades. Data relating to and reflecting changes in enrollments, attendance of pupils, length of school term, income, expenditures, per capita costs, etc., have been basically considered for the statements and interpreta¬ tions presented in the textual material. Significant trends for the States and the Nation and variations within and among States are pointed out for the biennium 1934-36 and for the 6-year period since 1930. ENROLLMENT In the Continental United States the total number of pupils enrolled in the public elementary and secondary schools increased 2.3 percent from 1930 to 1932; 0.9 percent from 1930 to 1934; 2.7 percent from 1930 to 1936, but decreased 0.3 percent from 1934 to 1936. In 1936 the number of pupils enrolled in the public elementary and secondary schools of the 48 States and the District of Columbia was 26,367,098; in private and parochial elementary and secondary schools, 2,638,775; and in public, private, and parochial elementary and secondary schools, 29,005,873. These figures do not include elementary and secondary pupils in State and private residential schools for exceptional children or in observation and practice schools or preparatory departments of colleges and universities. During the biennium 1934-36 there was a decrease in enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools in 27 States ranging from 0.1 percent in Indiana to 6.6 percent in Oregon. Of the 27 States report¬ ing such a decrease in total enrollment, 7 indicated a decrease of 1 percent; 19 more than 1 percent but less than 5 percent, and 1 (Oregon) 6.6 percent. During this same biennium there was an in¬ crease in total enrollment in 20 States and the District of Columbia ranging from 0.39 in Delaware to 7.6 percent in Arizona. This in- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 crease exceeded 5 percent in 3 States, namely, Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and in the District of Columbia. On the basis of the 1930 enrollment figures the following decreases are noted: In 1932, 10 States reported a decrease ranging from 0.1 percent in North Carolina to 5.7 percent in Arizona; in 1934, 14 States reported a decrease ranging from 0.5 percent in Oregon to 10.6 percent in Arizona; and in 1936, 15 States reported a decrease ranging from 0.3 percent in Colorado to 8.4 percent in North Dakota. Table I.— ENROLLMENT BY STATES AND PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DECREASE, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 State ENROLLMENT PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DECREASE 1930 1932 1934 1936 From 1930 to— From 1934 to 1936 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U. S. 25,678,015 26, 275, 441 26,434, 193 26,367,098 +2.3 +2.9 +2.7 -0.3 Alabama . 622, 988 639, 836 648, 981 677, 062 +2-7 +4.2 +8.7 +4.3 Arizona _ 103,806 97, 900 92, 781 99, 796 —5.7 -10.6 -3.9 +7.6 Arkansas . 456, 185 446, 151 456, 680 460, 869 -2.2 +.1 +1.0 +. 9 California . . 1, 068, 683 1, 123, 550 1, 116, 058 1,140, 427 +5.2 +4.4 +6.7 +2.2 Colorado.. . 240, 482 247, 074 238, 808 239, 747 +2.7 -.7 -.3 +.4 Connecticut . . 319, 453 325, 493 327, 225 320, 888 +1.9 +2.4 +.4 -1.9 Delaware . . . 42, 360 44, 522 45, 948 46, 100 +5.1 +8.5 +8.8 +-3 Dist. of Columbia . 80, 965 90, 087 94, 112 99, 807 +11.3 +16.2 +23.3 +6.1 Florida . . . 346, 434 367, 758 382, 510 385, 763 +6.2 +10.4 +11.4 +.9 Georgia... . . . 713, 290 742, 756 764, 865 748, 537 +4.1 +7.2 +4.9 -2.1 Idaho . . . 120, 947 119, 123 118, 346 121, 045 -1.5 -2.2 +.1 +2.3 Illinois _ _ 1,395, 907 1, 415, 553 1, 384, 651 1,327, 269 +1.4 -.8 -4.9 -4.2 Indiana . . . 667, 379 687, 629 696, 513 691,444 +3.0 +4.4 +3.6 -.1 Iowa.. _ _ 554, 655 555, 341 547, 574 538, 003 +.1 -1.3 -3.0 -1.8 Kansas . . 431,166 421, 354 421, 510 414, 275 -2.3 -2.2 -3.9 -1.7 Kentucky . 588, 354 613, 119 609, 684 628, 101 +4.2 +3.6 +6.8 +3.0 Louisiana _ _ 434,557 447, 517 461, 607 465, 594 +3.0 +6.2 +7.1 +.9 Maine.. _ _ 154,455 161, 756 166, 747 166, 507 +4.7 +8.0 +7.8 -.2 Maryland _ 277,459 288, 169 293, 678 298, 157 +3.9 +5.8 +7.5 +1.5 Massachusetts- . 759,492 782, 225 793, 847 773, 239 +3.0 +4.5 +1.8 -2.6 Michigan. . . . 970, 582 996, 825 976,089 963, 527 +2.7 +.6 -.7 -1.3 Minnesota . 551, 741 558, 148 559, 922 549, 129 +1.2 +1.5 -.5 -1.9 Mississippi . . . 595, 449 581, 759 608, 036 608, 036 -2.3 +2.1 +2.1 0 Missouri _ 656, 073 683, 830 719, 588 711, 256 +4.2 +9.7 +8.4 -1.2 Montana . . . 120, 337 119,134 117, 566 113, 762 -1.0 -2.3 -5.5 -3.2 Nebraska. _ _ 325, 216 324, 241 316, 756 307, 975 -.3 -2.6 -5.3 -2.8 Nevada _ _ _ 18,041 19,840 19, 365 19, 720 +10.0 +7.3 +9.3 +1.8 New Hampshire _ 74, 240 76, 431 77, 753 78, 441 +3.0 +4.7 +5.7 +.9 New Jersey. . 792, 012 821, 532 827, 435 809,078 +3.7 +4.5 +2.2 -2.2 New Mexico... _ 102, 084 109,525 92, 449 99, 207 +7.3 -9.4 -2.8 +7.3 New York. _ _ 2, 141,479 2,240,196 2, 296, 868 2, 288, 042 +4.6 +7.3 +6.8 -.4 North Carolina . . 866, 939 865, 681 895, 525 888, 775 -. 1 +3.3 +2.5 -.8 North Dakota . 169, 277 165, 608 160, 699 155, 035 -2.2 -5. 1 -8.4 -3.5 Ohio _ _ 1, 277, 636 1, 299, 212 1, 300, 037 1, 289, 337 +1.7 +1.8 +.9 -.8 Oklahoma _ 682, 650 673, 297 623, 497 658, 049 -1.4 -8.3 -3.6 +5.5 Oregon.. . 202, 595 204, 792 201, 556 188, 361 +1.1 -.5 -7.0 -6.6 Pennsylvania . . 1, 937, 433 2, 008, 039 2, 031, 606 2, 006, 097 +3.6 +4.9 +3.5 -1.3 Rhode Island . . 118, 704 123, 239 124, 474 121, 555 +3.8 +4.9 +2.4 -2.4 South Carolina _ 469, 370 475, 074 486, 712 477, 915 +1.2 +3.7 +1.8 -1.8 South Dakota... . 165, 624 164, 914 159, 956 153, 163 -.4 -3.4 -7.5 -4.3 Tennessee.. . . 627, 747 641, 551 655, 307 653, 21 1 +2.2 +4.4 +4.1 -.3 Texas . . . 1, 308, 028 1, 309, 746 1, 311, 662 1, 364, 627 +• 1 +.3 +4.3 +4.0 Utah _ _ _ 138, 046 141.048 142, 797 140, 863 +2.2 +3.4 +2.0 -1.4 Vermont . . 65, 976 66, 259 66, 176 68, 060 +.4 +.3 +3.2 +2.8 Virginia . . . 562, 956 582, 982 585, 657 592, 038 +3.6 +4.0 +5.2 +1.1 Washington. . 344, 731 346, 993 340, 742 335, 750 +.7 -1.2 -2.6 -1.5 West Virginia . . . 395, 505 422, 357 434, 864 449, 732 +6.8 +10.0 +13.7 +3.4 Wisconsin _ 564, 022 579, 605 583, 133 577, 343 +2.8 +3.4 +2.4 -1.0 Wyoming. . . . 54,505 56, 670 55, 841 56, 384 +4.0 +2.5 +3.4 +1.0 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Furthermore, when using the 1930 enrollment figures as the base, 7 States, namely, Arizona, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, each reported smaller enroll¬ ments for 1932, 1934, and 1936 than for 1930. During this 6-year period the District of Columbia showed a consistent increase with the result that its enrollment in 1936 was 23.3 percent greater than in 1930. From 1930 to 1936 there was an increase in the total enrollment in each of 33 States. This increase ranged from 0.99 percent in Ohio to 13.7 percent in West Virginia. The following States showed an increase of more than 5 percent for this 6-year period: Alabama, California, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mary¬ land, Missouri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, and West Virginia. It is interesting and significant to note that from 1930 to 1936 the enrollment in elementary schools for the Continental United States decreased 886,032, or 4.2 percent. During this 6-year period 36 States reported a decrease in elementary school enrollment, and 12 States and the District of Columbia, an increase. The decrease in these States ranged from 0.1 percent in Texas to 14.3 percent in South Dakota. In 23 of the 36 States this decrease in enrollment in the elementary schools exceeded 5 percent, and of these 23, 9 reported a decrease exceeding 10 percent. The increase in elementary school enrollment ranged from 0.03 percent in Mississippi to 7.6 percent in Missouri and 19.5 percent in the District of Columbia. In 4 States this increase exceeded 5 percent. Table II.— ENROLLMENT IN ELEMENTARY GRADES 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 State ENROLLMENT Increase or decrease, 1930 to 1936 Percentage increase or decrease, 1930 to 1936 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U. S . 21,278,593 21,135,420 20, 765, 037 20, 392, 561 -886,032 -4.2 Alabama . Ml, 934 570, 690 578, 998 595, 794 +33, 860 +6.0 Arizona . . . 88, 547 81, 942 75,544 80, 937 -7, 610 -8.6 Arkansas . _ . 409, 905 392, 240 401, 576 399, 607 -10, 298 -2.5 California . . . 836, 701 853, 184 830, 180 830, 136 -6, 565 -.8 Colorado . 197, 265 199, 185 186,752 184, 733 -12,532 -6.4 Connecticut . 260, 103 252, 935 251,383 235, 117 -24, 986 -9.6 Delaware . . . 35, 351 35, 796 35,604 34, 63C -721 -2.0 District of Columbia . 64, 566 71, 406 73,419 77,154 +12, 588 +19.5 Florida . . . 301, 227 315, 264 324, 545 318, 850 +17, 623 +5. 9 Georgia . 632, 589 649, 726 664, 468 642, 533 +9, 944 +1.6 Idaho . . . . 93, 775 90,605 88, 154 88,418 -5, 357 -5.7 niinois . . 1,094, 788 1,077, 755 1,043, 458 975, 687 -119, 101 -10.9 Indiana . . 523, 378 526, 558 520, 604 510, 607 -12, 771 -2.4 Iowa 437, 426 430, 352 417, 729 402, 552 —34, 874 -8.0 Kansas . 339, 556 322, 918 318, 614 307, 604 -31, 952 -9.4 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 Table II.— ENROLLMENT IN ELEMENTARY GRADES, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 — Continued State ENROLLMENT Increase or decrease, 1930 to 1936 Percentage increase or decrease, 1930 to 1936 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kentucky . 525, 884 641, 174 518, 793 543, 841 +17, 957 +3.4 Louisiana _ _ 376, 714 383, 528 389, 939 387, 099 +10,385 +2.8 Maine . 124, 450 128, 258 130, 008 129, 147 +4, 697 +3.8 Maryland . . . 235, 163 235, 967 238, 361 239, 494 +4, 331 +1.8 Massachusetts . 594, 084 579, 555 572, 562 546, 979 -47, 105 -7.9 Michigan . 808, 787 796, 312 739, 636 717, 375 -91,412 -11.3 Minnesota . . . . 453, 128 443, 702 425, 518 407, 439 -45, 689 -10.1 Mississippi . 543, 161 523, 913 543, 320 543, 320 +159 +.03 Missouri . 524, 023 538, 739 559, 496 563, 957 +39, 934 +7.6 Montana . 95, 550 90,040 85,086 80, 781 -14, 769 -1.5 Nebraska . 256,230 250, 009 241, 385 228, 8C0 -27, 430 -10.7 Nevada . . 14, 279 15, 297 14. 670 14, 748 +469 +3.3 New Hampshire . 60,082 59. 476 58, 688 58, 051 -2,021 -3.4 New Jersey . . . 672, 083 666, 563 638, 172 603, 286 -68, 797 -10.2 New Mexico . . . . 89, 497 94, 479 79, 367 84, 318 -5, 179 -5.8 New York . . . 1, 716, 645 1, 733, 106 1, 683, 731 1, 636, 720 -79, 925 -4.7 North Carolina . 750,002 732, 474 746, 519 722, 911 -27, 091 -3.6 North Dakota . 139, 580 133, 519 128, 143 121, 607 -17, 973 -12.9 Ohio . 1,011,915 1, 004, 016 977, 754 950, 731 -61, 184 -6.0 Oklahoma _ _ 578, 491 559, 876 509, 250 530, 806 -47, 685 -8.2 Oregon . - . 154, 908 152, 678 146, 137 131,433 -23, 475 -15.2 Pennsylvania . 1, 639, 041 1, 610, 389 1, 580, 550 1, 520, 420 -118, 621 -7.2 Rhode Island . 101,318 97,971 95, 361 93, 515 -7, 803 -7.7 South Carolina — . 416, 483 417, 193 424, 719 408, 498 -7, 985 -1.9 South Dakota . 134, 286 130, 927 124, 824 115, 114 -19, 172 -14.3 Tennessee . . . 558,056 562, 387 566, 991 558, 316 +260 +.1 Texas . 1, 071, 890 1, 052, 827 1,046, 270 1,071,230 -660 -.1 Utah . . . . . . 105, 427 102, 594 101, 196 98, 439 -6, 988 -6.6 Vermont . . . 54, 376 53, 613 53, 544 55, 326 +950 +1.7 Virginia . 488, 929 499, 446 492, 485 487,007 -1, 922 -.4 Washington . . . 259, 303 251, 261 240, 544 234, 323 -24, 980 -9.6 West Virginia . . 346, 691 359. 655 355,958 372, 825 +26, 134 +7.5 Wisconsin _ 457, 685 420, 732 403, 230 408, 707 -48, 978 -10.7 Wyoming . . . 43, 341 43, 188 41,802 41, 639 -1,702 -3.9 Ratio of enrollment to population. — Beginning with 1930 the per¬ centage of the total population enrolled in public schools for each of the years 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 was 20.9, 21.1, 20.9, and 20.5. Including enrollments in private and parochial elementary and sec¬ ondary schools 22.6 percent of the total population was enrolled in 1936 in contrast to 23 percent in 1934. The percentage of the total population enrolled in the public elementary and secondary schools in 1936 ranged from 15.4 in New Hampshire to 30.3 in Mississippi. In 30 States the ratio of enrollment to population was 20 percent or more, and in 5 States this ratio was 25 percent or more. Such data as are available do not show the proportion of the chil¬ dren 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive, that were enrolled in school or that were attending school. When using this age interval as a basis, however, the ratio of the total public-school enrollment to the popu¬ lation 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive, in 1936 was 0.834 for the Con¬ tinental United States; in 1934, 0.816; in 1932, 0.82, and in 1930, 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 0.813. Including private and parochial school enrollments the ratio was about 91.7 percent. The ratio of the public-school enrollment to the number of chil¬ dren 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive, ranges from 0.713 in New Hamp¬ shire to 1.038 in Nevada and to 1.04 in the District of Columbia. In 20 States this ratio was in excess of the average of 0.834 for Con¬ tinental United States. Elementary school enrollment. — During the 6-year period ending 1936 there was a decrease in the enrollment in kindergartens and grades 1 to 8, inclusive, of 886,032 pupils. On the basis of the 1930 enrollment figures this decrease for the 6-year period was 4.2 percent. From 1930 to 1932 the enrollment in kindergartens and grades 1 to S, inclusive, decreased 143,173, or 0.67 percent; and from 1934 to 1936, 372,476, or 1.8 percent. From 1930 to 1936 there was a decided decrease in the number of children enrolled in kindergartens and in grades 1 to 4, inclusive. From 1930 to 1932 the kindergarten enrollment was decreased by 22,040, or 3.05 percent; from 1932 to 1934 by 99,628, or 14.2 percent; while from 1934 to 1936 it was increased by 4,978, or 0.8 percent. During this 6-year period there was a very marked decrease in the enrollment of the first grade. For the 2-year periods ending 1932, 1934, and 1936 the number of pupils enrolled in the first grade de¬ creased, respectively, 5.32 percent, or 220,723; 5.4 percent, or 213,344; 5 percent, or 186,527. In other words, the first-grade enrollment in 1936 was less by 620,594 pupils than that of 1930. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 1916-18 1918-20 1920-22 1924-26 1926-28 1928-30 1930-32 1932-34 1934-36 Figure 1.— Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary and high-school grades, 1918-20 to 1934-36. The logarithmic chart above shows rate of change 1916-18 to 1934-36; the arithmetic chart below shows the amount of actual change from the preceding biennium. Table III.— ENROLLMENT BY GRADE, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Percent Decrease from— 1934 to 1936 £ «OOOWO> 1 :»o4 r» II 1 1930 to 1934 2 OOiOHMO ! OOOTfH j 5 ** II 1930 to 1932 2 3. 05 5. 32 .95 2.51 .39 S 1 A is i 1934 to 1936 8 0 : i' : : -r 1 ’ !, -i CD 50 CO 05 ■*» ID ! 1932 to 1934 CO i i .45 6. 54 2. 34 4. 36 11.02 13. 35 15. 32 38. 40 S 1930 to 1934 2 ; ; 2. 14 1.41 7. 75 7. 46 14. 02 29. 20 37. 48 43.44 S * 2 ** 1930 to 1932 2 3. 36 .96 1.14 5.00 9. 27 16. 37 21.29 24. 38 : s s si Number i ! 1934 to 1936 2 186, 527 74, 139 87, 510 74, 269 450 is !«o £ s j i j ; I s 1932 to 1934 2 99, 628 213, 344 144, 650 51, 278 16, 088 29, 122 8 5 j i 1 i 1930 to 1934 3 121, 668 434, 067 171, 186 119, 993 26, 219 3 s ID i i 1930 to 1932 2 22,040 220, 723 26, 536 68, 715 10, 131 s i j ; i j Increase from— 1934 to 1936 » 4, 978 j j j i < ! • \ 35 1 - ? :: -r :c ■o l • 2 3f 115, 046 79, 608 40, 229 59, 094 11. 404 8 i 1932 to 1934 QD | ; ; • i < m 77,418 152, 923 142, 425 133, 589 22, 780 s s g r- § 1930 to 1934 j j 50, 950 31, 802 157, 383 119, 442 228, 203 348,069 329, 655 304, 486 59, 321 1.269,734 z i 1930 to 1932 CD i j j j 80, 072 21, 664 23, 089 80, 147 150, 785 195, 146 187, 230 170, 897 36, 541 1 S I 1 1936 - 606, 753 3, 530, 325 2, 557, 589 2, 524, 736 2, 498, 741 2, 432,991 2, 319, 470 2, 181, 987 1,739,969 s I s 1, 970, 072 1, 619, 862 1, 249, 409 1,064,469 70, 725 § 5 •a 26,367,098 1934 601, 775 3, 716, 852 2,631,728 2,612, 246 2, 573,010 2,433,441 2, 288, 051 2, 187, 119 1,720,815 s if s 1,855,026 1, 540, 254 1,209,180 1,005, 375 59, 321 5,669,156 8 1 s 1932 eo 701, 403 3, 980, 196 2, 776, 378 2, 663, 524 2, 589,098 2,462, 563 2, 277, 913 2,052, 825 1, 681, 520 1 if 5 1, 177, 608 1, 387, 331 1, 066, 755 871, 786 36,541 1 i 3 § 1930 N 723, 443 4, 150, 919 2, 802. 914 2,732, 239 2,599,229 2,382,491 2,256,249 2,029, 736 1,601,373 1 g S 1, 626, 823 1, 192, 185 879, 525 700, 889 s 1 1 Grade or year - Elementary Kindergarten . First . second . Third . . !! : | Sixth . Seventh . ungntn . Total.. . . Secondary First . Second . •rnira . Fourth . postgraduate _ Total . . Grand total.. . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 An analysis of the enrollments in the second, third, and fourth grades for each of the 2-year periods noted above reveals that the decreases for the second grade were 0.95, 5.21, and 2.8 percent; for the third grade, 2.51, 1.93, and 3.3 percent; for the fourth grade, 0.39, 0.62, and 2.9 percent During the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 the actual decrease in the number of pupils enrolled in the second grade was 245,325; in the third grade, 207,503; and in the fourth grade, 100,488. For the biennium 1930 to 1932 the enrollment in the fifth grade increased 80,072 pupils, or 3.36 percent. However, from 1932 to 1936 the enrollment in this grade decreased 29,572 pupils. The enrollments in the sixth and the eighth grades consistently increased for each of the 2-year periods ending 1932, 1934, and 1936. During the first tw’o of these three periods the seventh-grade enrollment showed increases of 23,089 and 134,294 pupils, respectively, but in 1936 the number of pupils enrolled in this grade was less by 5,132, or 0.2 per¬ cent than that in 1934. During the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 the enrollment in the fifth grade was increased by 50,500; in the sixth grade, by 63,221; in the seventh grade, by 152,251; and in the eighth grade, by 138,596 pupils. In other words, when considering these four grades as a unit, there was an increase, from 1930 to 1936, of 404,568 pupils enrolled in contrast to the decrease, in the same period of time, of 1,290,600 pupils in the kindergartens and grades 1 to 4, inclusive. The decreases and the increases just noted have resulted in a net decrease during the 6-year period of 886,032 pupils in the kindergartens and grades 1 to 8, inclusive. High-school enrollment. — In 1936 there were enrolled in the public high schools of the Nation 5,974,537 pupils, which exceeded the enroll¬ ment of 1934 by 305,381, or 5.4 percent; that of 1932, by 834,516, or 15.69 percent; and that of 1930 by 1,575,115 pupils, or 32.5 percent. The most marked increase in the 6-year period being considered was for the 2-year period ending in 1932 when the enrollment exceeded that of 1930 by 16.8 percent. The 1936 enrollment exceeded that of 1934 by 5.4 percent. During the 4-year period from 1930 to 1934 the increase in high-school enrollment was 28.8 percent. During the 20-year period ending 1920 the proportion of the total elementary and high-school enrollment in high school in the 48 States and the District of Columbia increased from 3.3 percent in 1900 to 10.2 percent in 1920, while during the following 16-year period the per¬ centage of pupils in high school more than doubled. In 1936 this percentage was 22.7 as compared to 21.4 percent in 1934 and 17.1 percent in 1930. The percentage of the total elementary and secondary school enroll¬ ment in public high schools ranged, in 1936, from 10.6 in Mississippi to 30.2 each in Oregon and Washington. In 20 States this ratio was less io BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 State Percentage of Total Enrollment in High SchoolBH in Elementary 3chool|~ 1 3 2p . HO 69 8.0 10 p_ Oreg - 30.2 Wash. . . . 30.2 Utah.... 30.1 - 1 - 1_ i_ i_ i | Mass - 29-3 - 1 - 1 - 1_ i_ i_ 1 *is . 29-2 - 1 - 1 - 1 - U_ 1_ l Mont. . . . 29.0 S. Y _ 28.5 Calif... 27-2 Idaho. . . 26.9 Conn. . . . 26.7 Ill . 26.5 Ohio.... 26.3 26.1 26.1 wyo . ^ - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 _ 1 _ : N. U - 26.0 Minn. . . . 25-8 Kana. . . . 25.7 Nebr _ 25-7 Mich.... 25-5 N. J - 25.4 Iowa. . . . 25-2 Nev . 25.2 Del . 24.9 W 1 1 1 till* S. Dak. . 24.8 ^ 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Pa . 24.2 ^ - 1 - 1 - 1 - ! - 1 - 1 - 1 - R. I _ 23-1 ■mmlXiri rTnifr1! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Colo. . . . 22.9 1 1 1 1 1 l l D. C.... 22.7 z.— -Tu ~ i i i i i i - 1 - Me . 22.4 — i - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - N. Dak.. 21.6 1 i i i i i i i - Texas. . . 21.5 i i i i i i i i i Mo . 20.7 i • 1 1 ! 1 1 I I Md . 19-7 ; i i i i i i i Ok la. . . . 19-3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Arl z. . . . 18. 9 : l l I l 1 l 1 N. C _ 18.7 ^ — r— — i — ■ — ' 1 1 1 1 i i i ~ Vt . 18. 7 | 1 i I 1 1 i i i i Va . 17.7 *“-1 - ! - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Fla . 17.3 1 „ 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - I - W . Vs . . . 17-1 1 1 1' ' r " i 1 1 1 - 1 — La . 16.8 1 1 — i — i - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 N. Me*.. 14.9 i '■ i i i i i i i S. C _ 14.5- r-i - 1 - 1 i i i i i 1 Tenn. . . . 14.5 ' i i i i i i i " Oa . 14.2 1 • 1 i 1 1 - 1 I i Ky . 13.4 — i — i - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 Ark . 13.5 Ala . 12.0 Miss. . . . 10.6 ^ _ i _ i _ i _ i _ i - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - - T 1 \ \ 1 1 T 1 U. 3 _ 22.7 8 ' 1 1 T 1 i 1 1 Figure 2.— Percentage of total enrollment in high school, by State, last 4 years of system, 1935-36. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 than the average percentage of 22.7 for continental United States. In 1936 the States having from 10 to 14.9 percent of the total enroll¬ ment in public high schools were : Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Ken¬ tucky, Mississippi, New Mexico, South Carolina, and Tennessee; from 15 to 25 percent: Arizona, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia; and with 25 percent or more: California, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mon¬ tana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. In 1936 there were 2,948,765 boys and 3,025,772 girls enrolled in the public high schools. The number of boys enrolled increased from 1932 to 1934 by 271,332, or 10.7 percent, and from 1934 to 1936 by 182,643, or 6.5 percent; and the number of girls increased, during the first 2-year period, by 257,803, or 9.9 percent, and during the second 2-year period by 158,738, or 5.5 percent. When considering the 6- year period ending 1936 the number of boys enrolled increased 39.4 percent and the girls, 32.5 percent. When considering the total enrollment in public secondary schools during this 6-year period the percentage of increase was 35.8. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, 1980-36 The number of pupils in average daily attendance in the elementary and secondary public schools in 1936 was 22,298,767 which was 0.7 percent, or nearly 160,000 less than in 1934. However, on the basis of 1930, there was a consistent increase in the number of pupils in average daily attendance. From 1930 to 1932 this increase was 4.6 percent; from 1930 to 1934, it was 5.6 percent, and from 1934 to 1936, it was 0.7 percent. In 30 States the number of pupils in average daily attendance in 1936 was less than in 1934, the decrease ranging from 0.2 percent in Delaware to 7.2 percent in North Dakota, with 3 States reporting such a decrease in excess of 5 percent. In 16 States the average daily attendance in 1936 was greater than in 1934, the increase ranging from 0.3 percent in Virginia to 6.9 percent in Alabama. In the District of Columbia this increase was 6.8 percent. On the basis of the number of pupils in average daily attendance in 1930 only 8 States reported decreases in 1936. With the exception of Mississippi, the remaining States reported an increase ranging from 0.5 percent in Texas to 22.7 percent in New Mexico. In the District of Columbia the number of pupils in attendance in 1936 was 19.4 percent greater than the number in 1930. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 State Percent in at¬ tend¬ ance 0 B. Bex. 94.2 | Mich... 91.9 t Ohio. . . 90.7 1 Ind. . . . 89-7 1 Be . 89-3 1 Utah. . . 89.0 1 Base... 88. 8 Boat. . . 88.7 Bis - 88.5 Calif.. 88.0 R. Va.. 87.7 Vt . 87.6 I B. H... 87.4 b. y... 87-3 e 7 O ill.... Of • c Or eg. . . Kana. . . Conn. . . Bebr. . . Del _ R. I... H. C... Iowa. . . Bd . Blnn. . . M. J... Idaho.. Hev. . . . S. Dak. Bo . La . Va . ■yo.... Bash... D. C... H. Dak. Ala... . Aria. . . Fla - Texas. . Tenn. . . Ark.... Colo. . . Ky . 78.0 | Ca . 77.6' | 3. C... Okie. . . 75-6 | Biss.. . U. 3 — Figure 3. — Percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance and absence, by State, 1935-36. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 Attendance in relation to enrollment. — Of the 26,367,098 children enrolled in the public elementary and secondary schools in 1936, 22,298,767 were in average daily attendance, and of the 26,434,193 enrolled in these schools in 1934, 22,458,190 were in attendance. Thus, while the enrollment decreased 0.3 percent from 1934 to 1936, the average daily attendance decreased 0.7 percent. When consider¬ ing the period from 1930 to 1936, the enrollment increased 2.7 percent while the average daily attendance increased 4.9 percent. Although there was some improvement in the attendance of pupils during this time, in view of the fact that in both 1934 and 1936 about 4,000,000 children, or approximately 15 percent of the total enrollment, were on an average absent from school each day of the school term, it must be admitted that there is room for further improvement. It is recognized that some errors are introduced in enrollment figures because in some instances duplications between States are not excluded. There are, of course, no duplicates included in average daily attendance figures. In 1932, 1934, and 1936, the percentage of the pupils enrolled in the public elementary and secondary schools in continental United States who attended school each day was 84.5, 85, and 84.6. In 1936 the percentage of the total enrollment in average daily attendance ranged from 74.5 in Mississippi to 94.2 in New Mexico, with 25 States attain¬ ing or excelling an 85 percent attendance record, and with 3 States attaining or excelling a 90 percent record. Table IV.— AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE BY STATES, AND PER¬ CENT INCREASE OR DECREASE, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 State or outlying part AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PERCENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE 1930 1932 1934 1936 From 1930 to— From 1934 to 1936 1932 1934 1936 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U. S . 21, 264, 886 22, 245, 344 22, 458,190 22, 298, 767 +4.6 +5.6 +4.9 -0.7 Alabama- . 473, 553 508,837 507, 843 543, 020 +7.5 +7.2 +14.7 +6.9 Arizona _ 75, 969 80,962 76, 640 79, 922 +6.6 +.9 +5.2 +4.3 Arkansas . . 330, 825 338, 909 347.059 360, 427 +2.4 +4.9 +8.9 +3.9 California . 908, 765 967, 776 982, 590 1, 003, 324 +6. 5 +8.1 +10.4 +2.1 Colorado . 190, 742 199, 165 196, 399 187, 207 +4.4 +3.0 -1.9 -4.7 Connecticut . 274, 482 285,206 285, 480 276, 967 +3-9 +4.0 +.9 -3.0 Delaware . . 36, 255 38,784 39, 728 39, 638 +7.0 +10.0 +9.3 -.2 District of Columbia... . 68, 312 73, 470 76, 392 81,584 +7. 6 +11.8 +19.4 +6.8 Florida . 267. 042 292, 728 299, 824 306, 555 +9.6 +12.3 +14.8 +2.2 Georgia. . 538, 271 572, 343 589, 297 580, 691 +6.3 +9.5 +7.9 -1.5 Idaho . . . 98, 479 101, 993 103, 893 102, 207 +3.6 +5.5 +3.8 -1.6 Illinois . . . 1, 203, 537 1, 226, 875 1, 174, 468 1, 155, 261 +1.9 -2.4 -4.0 -1.6 Indiana. . 596, 416 649, 348 653, 330 620, 075 +8.9 +9.5 +4.1 -5.1 Iowa... . 465, 051 478, 370 474, 818 459. 227 +2.9 +2. 1 -1.3 -3.3 Kansas. . 364, 801 383, 920 367, 618 357, 877 1 +5.2 +.8 -1.9 | -2.7 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table IV.— AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE BY STATES, AND PER¬ CENT INCREASE OR DECREASE, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936— Con. AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PERCENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE State or outlying part 1930 1932 1934 1936 From 1930 to — From 1934 to 1936 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 Kentucky . . 432, 862 463, 442 471, 920 490, 220 +?. l +9.0 +13.3 +3.9 Louisiana _ _ _ 349, 594 370, 224 381, 702 384, 333 +5.9 +9.2 +12.8 +.7 Maine. _ _ ... 138, 043 146, 099 149, 808 148, 626 +5. 8 +8.5 +7.7 -.8 Maryland... . . 235, 555 249, 398 252, 226 254, 301 +5.9 +7.1 +12.7 +.8 Massachusetts . . 675, 676 698, 432 699, 163 686, 845 +3.4 +3.5 +1.7 -1.8 Michigan . 844, 967 866, 790 890, 596 885, 744 +2.6 +5.4 +4.8 -.6 Minnesota _ 456, 836 475, 174 479, 815 463, 786 +4.0 +5.0 +1.5 -3.4 Mississippi . . 436, 162 429, 422 452, 867 1 452, 867 -1.5 +3.8 +3.8 .0 Missouri . . . 576, 417 602, 204 611, 587 591, 016 +4.5 +6.1 +2.5 -3.4 Montana _ _ _ 105, 327 107, 724 105, 830 100, 855 +2.3 +.5 -4.3 -4.7 Nebraska _ _ 259, 188 281, 888 277, 392 265, 630 +8.8 +7.0 +2.5 -4.3 Nevada . 14, 977 16, 397 16, 339 16, 638 +9.5 +9.1 +11.1 +1.8 New Hampshire . 65, 966 68, 626 68, 897 68, 576 +4.0 +4.4 +4.0 -.5 New Jersey . . 662, 961 691, 952 700, 195 683, 657 +4.4 +5.6 +3.1 -2.4 New Mexico. . 76, 216 83, 657 87, 895 93, 500 +9.8 +15.3 +22.7 +6.4 New York . . 1, 866, 243 1, 958, 164 2, 014, 280 1, 997, 117 +4.9 +7.9 +7.0 -.9 North Carolina . 672, 895 728, 265 756, 768 759, 604 +8.2 +12.5 +12.9 +.4 North Dakota . . 148, 614 144, 653 135, 739 125, 951 -2.7 -8.7 -15.3 -7.2 Ohio . . . . 1, 141, 324 1, 178, 885 1, 190, 102 1, 169, 879 +3.3 +4.3 +2.5 -1.7 Oklahoma . 470, 090 493, 244 492, 022 497, 322 +4.9 +4.7 +5.8 +1.1 Oregon . . 155, 166 197, 224 169, 260 163, 566 +27.1 +9.1 +5.4 -3.4 Pennsylvania _ 1, 661, 128 1, 735, 557 1, 773, 170 1, 749, 645 +4.5 +6.7 +5.3 -1.3 Rhode Island _ 102, 584 105, 994 108, 264 104, 525 +3.3 +5.5 +1.9 -3.5 South Carolina _ 348, 482 373, 718 378, 830 368, 268 +7.2 +8.7 +5.7 -2.8 South Dakota . . 138, 635 137, 470 136, 348 127, 976 -.8 -1.6 -7.7 -6.2 Tennessee . 481, 962 502, 978 511, 360 514, 432 +4.4 +6.1 +6.7 +.6 Texas. _ _ _ 1, 073, 847 1, 057, 665 1, 073, 882 1, 078, 977 — 1. 5 +. 5 +.5 Utah . 120, 573 127, 331 127, 149 125, 416 +5.6 +5.5 +4.0 -1.4 Vermont . . . 57, 975 58, 169 58, 533 59, 601 +.3 +1.0 +2.8 +1.8 Virginia _ _ _ 452, 567 482, 645 486, 845 488, 537 +6.6 +7.6 +7.9 +.3 Washington _ _ 278, 520 287, 727 283, 718 275, 929 +3.3 +1.8 -.9 -2.8 West Virginia. . 350, 046 367, 616 376, 708 394, 218 +5.0 +7.6 +12.6 +4.6 Wisconsin . . . 473, 258 510, 270 516, 454 510, 718 +7.8 +9.1 +7.9 -1.1 Wyoming . 47, 730 47, 654 47, 147 46, 510 -.2 -1.2 -2.6 -1.4 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska.. 4, 729 5, 085 American Samoa . 1,950 1,910 Canal Zone _ 6, 336 5, 952 Guam _ _ _ 4,238 Hawaii . . . 76, 692 80, 217 Philippine Islands.. .. 1, 074, 610 1, 101,586 Puerto Rico . . . 214, 221 224, 086 Virgin Islands _ 2, 681 2, 737 1 1934 figure. Length oj school term and days attended. — In 1936 the average number of days that the public elementary and secondary schools of the Nation were in session, excluding holidays, was 173, or slightly more than 8% months. In each of 9 States and 6 of the outlying parts of the United States the average school term was 180 days or STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 more; in 26 States, the District of Columbia, and 2 outlying parts, from 170 to 179 days; in 6 States, from 160 to 169 days; in 5 States, from 150 to 159 days; and in 2 States, from 130 to 139 days. From 1932 to 1936 the average length of the school term for the 48 States and the District of Columbia increased from 171.2 days to 173 days. During this 4-year period there was no change in the length of term in 1 State; there was a decrease in 19 States and the District of Columbia, ranging from 0.1 of a day in Wisconsin to 13.6 days in Michigan; there was an increase in 28 States, ranging from 0.1 of a day in Pennsylvania to 21.8 days in North Dakota. In 5 States the decrease exceeded 5 days, and in 16 States the increase exceeded 5 days. Of the 16 States 8 reported an increase in excess of 10 days, and 3 an increase of 21 days. For 1936, 34 States and the District of Columbia reported a dis¬ tribution of enrollment by length of term in days (table 7). In this report these States and the District of Columbia account for 16,594,440 pupils of which slightly more than 11,500,000 were reported as having been enrolled in schools with terms of from 170 to 190 days (or an average of 9 months), and approximately 1,000,000 in schools with terms in excess of 190 days. Of the remaining number of pupils in excess of 4,000,000 approximately two and three-quarter million were enrolled in schools with terms of from 151 to 170 days (or an average of 8 months) ; approximately one-half million each in schools with terms of from 131 to 150 days (or an average of 7 months) and 111 to 130 days (or an average of 6 months), respectively. In that year 5 States reported a total of 116,789 pupils enrolled in schools with terms from 91 to 110 days (an average of 5 months) and 4 States a total of 40,416 pupils in schools with terms of 90 days or less. Although in 1936 the average number of days schools were in session in Continental United States was 173 the average number of days attended per pupil was 146.3. This average for the 48 States and the District of Columbia was exceeded by 25 States and 6 outlying parts. The average number of days attended per pupil enrolled that year ranged from a minimum of 98.7 in Mississippi to the maximum of 166.3 in Ohio. In 3 States the number of days attended per pupil enrolled ranged from 160 to 169; in 21 States, from 150 to 159; in 9 States and the District of Columbia, from 140 to 149; in 9 States, from 130 to 139; in 2 States, from 120 to 129; in 3 States, from 110 to 119, and in 1 State, less than 100. On the basis of each 100 pupils enrolled the average number in attendance daily in 1936 in Con¬ tinental United States was 85, with a range of from 74.5 in Mississippi to 94.2 in New Mexico. In 26 States the number in attendance daily exceeded the average of 85 for the Nation. The number in attendance daily in outlying parts that year ranged from 76.2 in the Virgin Islands to 91.4 in Hawaii. 16 BIENNIAL SUKYEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table V.— PERCENTAGE OF TERM NOT UTILIZED FOR YEARS INDICATED State or outlying part 1910 1920 1930 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U. S . 27.5 25.1 17.1 15.3 15.0 15.4 Alabama.. . . . 34. 7 35.5 24.0 20.5 21.7 19.8 Arizona . . 37.9 39.3 26.8 17.3 17.4 19.9 Arkansas . . . . 34.9 32.5 27.5 24.0 24.0 21.8 California . . 22.6 30.9 15.0 13.9 12.0 12.0 Colorado . . 36.8 31.9 20.7 19.4 17.8 21.9 Connecticut . 22.8 21.5 14.1 12.4 12.8 13.7 Delaware . 31.4 28.9 14.4 12.9 13.5 14.0 District of Columbia _ 19.8 19.2 15.6 18.4 18.8 18.3 Florida . . 28.3 26.4 22.9 20.4 21.6 20.5 Georgia . . 34.7 32.4 24.5 22.9 23.0 22.4 Idaho . . . . 31.0 26.5 18.6 14.4 12.2 15.6 Illinois _ _ _ 21.4 15.2 13.8 13.3 15.2 13.0 Indiana . . . . . 19.9 19.3 20.6 5.6 6.2 10.3 Iowa... . . . . 28.3 21. 1 16.2 13.9 13.3 14.6 Kansas . . . . . 26.4 23.9 15.4 8.9 12.8 13.6 Kentucky. _ _ 40.7 36.0 26.4 24.4 22.6 22.0 Louisiana . . 30.9 27.6 19.6 17.3 17.3 17.5 Maine.. . . . 25.8 15.8 10.6 9.7 10.2 10.7 Maryland . 38.0 27.4 15. 1 13.5 14. 1 14.7 Massachusetts _ 17.8 16.6 11.0 10.7 11.9 11.2 Michigan. . 16.4 24.7 12.9 13.0 8.8 8.1 Minnesota _ _ 29. 1 21.6 17.2 14.9 14.3 15.5 Mississippi _ _ 38.1 37.0 26.8 26.2 25.5 25.5 Missouri _ _ _ _ 29.8 21.0 12.1 11.9 15.0 16.9 Montana . . . 16.0 27.5 12.5 9.6 10.0 11.3 Nebraska . . . . 31.9 25.4 20.3 13.1 12.4 13.7 Nevada . . . 29.2 24.7 17.0 17.4 15.6 15.6 New Hampshire . . 26. 1 17. 1 11.1 10.2 11.4 12.6 New Jersey . . 27.1 19.9 16.3 15.8 15.4 15.5 New Mexico _ 38.8 27.0 25.3 23.6 4.9 5.8 New York... . . . 20.4 20.9 12.9 12.6 12.3 12.7 North Carolina.. . . 35.5 31.5 22.4 15.9 15.5 14.5 North Dakota . . . . 34 7 23.7 12.2 12.7 15.5 18.8 Ohio... . . . 17.2 20.8 10.7 9.3 8.5 9.3 Oklahoma . . 37.7 39.6 31.1 26.7 21. 1 24.4 Oregon. . . . 16.5 9.5 23.4 3.7 16.2 13.2 Pennsylvania . . 20.9 21.4 14.3 13.6 12.7 12.8 Rhode Island . . 22.4 21.5 13.6 14.0 13.0 14.0 South Carolina . . 31. 1 30.7 25.8 21.3 22.2 22.9 South Dakota. . 37.1 32.7 16.3 16.6 14.8 16.4 Tennessee . . 32.5 26.2 23.2 21.6 22 0 21.2 Texas . . . 33.1 27.8 13.4 19.2 18. 1 20.9 Utah... . . . . 22.2 16.8 12.7 9.7 10.3 11.0 Vermont . . . 13.0 18.8 12. 1 12.2 11.5 12.4 Virginia . 34.6 30.5 19.6 17.2 16.9 17.5 Washington. . 26.7 27.4 19.2 17.1 16.7 17.8 West Virginia . . . 29.9 26.0 11.5 13.0 13.4 12.3 Wisconsin . . . . 30.8 20.8 16. 1 12.0 11.4 11.5 Wyoming _ _ _ 28.4 22.8 12.4 15.9 15.6 17.5 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ 25.4 15.6 17.5 14.3 17.7 American Samoa 10.8 10.0 Canal Zone . . . 6.1 13.3 17.6 13.2 13.3 Guam 4.1 3.4 3.3 Hawaii. _ _ 7.0 4.4 5.6 5.6 5.7 Philippine Islands _ 19.2 10.0 8.7 8.9 10.9 Puerto Rico. . . 19.5 12.6 11.8 10.6 12.6 Virgin Islands 4.0 23.8 15. 6 ° . ! 1 1 When considering the relationship of school attendance to the length of school term, expressed by the percentage of term not utilized, STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 it is noted the the average percentage of term not utilized decreased from 27.5 in 1910 to 15.4 in 1936. During the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 this percentage decreased from 17.1 to 15.4. From 1934 to 1936, there was an increase of 0.4 in the percentage of the school term not utilized. In 1936 this percentage ranged from 5.8 in New Mexico to 25.5 in Mississippi. The States in which 20 percent or more of the school term was not utilized were: Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. In 13 States and the District of Columbia this percentage ranged from 15 to 19.9, and in 25 States it was less than 15. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS, SUPERVISORS, AND PRINCIPALS In attempting to include data showing the distribution of adminis¬ trative officers, supervisors, and principals, difficulties have been encountered in that States could not uniformly supply this informa¬ tion. Although in a few instances data presented in table 12 are in¬ complete or partly estimated, they are introduced because they reflect the general situations in the several States. Administrative officers and assistants. — Of the 19,118 school admin¬ istrative officers reported in 1936, 929 were State administrative officers; 1,327 were assistants, clerks, and stenographers in State offices of education; 4,947, county superintendents and assistants; 6,886, city superintendents and assistants; and 5,029 were district and township superintendents. Supervisors and principals. — For 1936, the number of supervisors of instruction was reported for 33 States and the District of Columbia, and the number of principals by 42 States and the District of Colum¬ bia. Supervisors of instruction of elementary and secondary schools serving as members of State departments of education are included in the figures given below. Twenty-two States reported 1,663 supervisors of instruction in elementary schools, and 18 States, 1,532 in secondary schools. The total number of supervisors of instruction in elementary and secondary schools reported by the 33 States and the District of Columbia was 5,843. In several instances States did not supply separate figures for elementary and secondary schools. Of the 29,570 principals reported by 42 States and the District of Columbia, 13,733 were designated as elementary school principals and 12,690 as secondary school principals. Eight States did not supply separate figures for elementary schools, and 7 did not supply such figures for secondary schools. The total number of principals (ele¬ mentary and secondary) in 1936 exceeded that of 1934 by 1,502, or 5.4 percent. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 THE TEACHER AND RELATED ITEMS Number of teachers.- — The total number of elementary and secondary school teachers in continental United States in 1936 was 870,963. This represents an increase over 1934 of 23,843, or 2.7 percent, and a decrease over 1932 of 644, or 0.1 percent. It must be noted that the total number of elementary and secondary teachers in the 48 States and the District of Columbia was at its height in 1932 when the total exceeded that of 1930 by 17,344, or 2 percent. In 1936, the number of teaching positions was 857,934 which was 21,724, or 2.6 percent greater than in 1934 and 5,414, or 0.6 percent less than in 1932. The number of teachers reported is, of course, greater than the teaching positions, since, in some instances, more than one teacher occupied the same position during the school year. From 1934 to 1936 there was a decrease in the number of teaching positions in 9 States. The decreases ranged from 0.6 percent in Oregon to 10.9 percent in Vermont. From 1930 to 1936 there was a decrease in the number of teaching positions in 24 States. The decreases for this 6-year period ranged from 0.4 percent in South Dakota to 14.4 percent in West Virginia. The decrease in 10 out of the 24 States exceeded 5 percent and in 4 of these States exceeded 10 percent. Some of these decreases are no doubt due to the fact that during recent years States are reporting the number of teaching posi¬ tions rather than the number of teachers. From 1934 to 1936 there was an increase in the number of teaching positions in 39 States and the District of Columbia, and from 1930 to 1936 there was an increase in 24 States. In the biennium from 1934 to 1936 these increases ranged from 0.6 percent in Connecticut to 11.8 percent in California; and in the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 these increases ranged from 0.4 percent in Oklahoma to 14.7 percent in Delaware. Furthermore, during this 6-year period the increases in the number of teaching positions amounted to 10 percent or more in 7 States, namely, Alabama, California, Delaware, Florida, Ken¬ tucky, Louisiana, and Nevada. During the biennium from 1934 to 1936 the number of teaching positions for continental United States was increased by 2.8 percent; during the same period the number of pupils in average daily attend¬ ance decreased by 0.7 percent. During the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 the number of teaching positions in continental United States increased 1.5 percent, while the number of pupils in average daily attendance increased 4.9 percent. During this period of 6 years there was a decrease in the number of pupils in average daily attend¬ ance in 9 States, the decrease ranging from 0.9 percent in Washington to 15.3 percent in North Dakota. From 1934 to 1936 the number of pupils in average daily attendance decreased in 29 States, this decrease STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 ranging from 0.5 percent in New Hampshire to 7.2 percent in North Dakota. The comparative percentage changes from 1934 to 1936 in the num¬ ber of teaching positions and in the average daily attendance of pupils were quite marked in several of the States (table V). An increase of 10.3 percent in the number of teaching positions in Alabama was accompanied by an increase of 6.9 percent in the number of pupils in average daily attendance. In contrast, California increased the number of teaching positions 11.8 percent, although the number of pupils in average daily attendance w^as increased only 2.1 percent. The decrease in the number of teaching positions in Vermont was 10 percent, although there was an increase of 1.8 percent in average daily attendance. Men and women teachers. — Since 1900 the number of teachers practically doubled with a total of 870,963 in 1936, an increase of 23,843, or 2.7 percent, since 1934 and an increase of 17,700, or 2.1 percent, since 1930. Of the total number of teachers employed in 1936, 179,073, or 20.6 percent, were men and 691,890, or 79.4 percent, were women. The proportion of men teachers in 22 States in 1936 was above the average of 20.6 percent in continental United States. Of the 26 remaining States and the District of Columbia, each with a percent of men teachers below the average for the Nation, 3 States, namely, Connecticut, Nebraska, Vermont, and the District of Colum¬ bia, each reported less than 15 percent of the teachers as men. In only 8 States, namely, Arkansas, Idaho, Indiana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah, and West Virginia, were 25 percent or more of the teachers men. The proportion of men teachers in 1936 ranged from 10.4 percent in Vermont to 35.6 percent in Utah. In the 40-year period from 1880 to 1920 there was a decrease in the proportion of men teachers from 42.8 percent to 14.1 percent. Since 1920 there has been a steady increase in the number of men teachers, with 16.6 percent reported in 1930, 19.1 percent in 1934, and 20.6 percent in 1936. It is likely that during the last biennium of the 6-year period since 1930 the increase in the number of men teachers is chargeable to the increase in salaries and to the greater emphasis on the problems of organization, administration, and finance. Posi¬ tions in these fields are generally occupied by men. From 1934 to 1936 the proportion of men teachers decreased in 5 States, namely, Alabama, North Carolina, Oregon, South Dakota, and West Virginia. The percentage of men teachers in 1936 in Alabama was 0.4; in West Vriginia, 0.5; in Oregon, 2.3; in North Carolina, 3.3 ; in South Dakota, 3.5 less than the respective percentages in 1934. Pupil-teacher ratio. — In 1936 the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher was 25.6; in 1934, 26.9; in 1932, 25.8; and in 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 1930, 25.2. Twenty-three States and the District of Columbia report a pupil-teacher ratio in excess of that for continental United States in 1936. In 3 States of this group the number of pupils per teacher was as follows: Maryland, 30.2; North Carolina, 32.8; and Mississippi, 33.1. In 1936 the pupil-teacher ratio ranged from 14.9 in South Dakota to 33.1 in Mississippi. From 1934 to 1936 there was a decrease in the number of pupils per teacher in 40 States. Two States, namely, Arkansas and Mississippi, reported no change in this ratio from 1934 to 1936, while 6 States reported an increase during this biennium. It must be said that, as a whole, the respective increases and decreases for 1934 to 1936 were not significant, since, with the exception of Utah, these increases or decreases were fewer than three pupils per teacher. A distribution of the 48 States and the District of Columbia by indicated intervals of pupil-teacher ratios supplied below shows that the median number of pupils per teacher for the 6-year period since 1930 would fall in the second interval. It also shows a decided reduction, since 1934, in the number of States with a ratio of 30 pupils or more. Pupil-teacher ratio 1932 1934 30 and over . . . . . . _ . . . 4 9 25 to 29.9 . . . . . . 25 25 20 to 24.9.... . . . . . . . . 13 9 less than 20 _ _ _ 7 6 Table VI.— PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN TEACH¬ ING POSITIONS AND IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE AND NUMBER OF PUPILS IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PER TEACHER, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 State PERCENTAGE INCREASE OR DECREASE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO Teaching positions Average daily attendance ! 1930 1932 1934 1936 From 1930 to— 1934 to 1936 From 1930 to— 1934 to 1936 1932 1934 1936 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ! 10 11 12 13 Continental U. S _ +2.5 -0.8 +1. 5 +2.8 +4.6 +5. 6 +4.9 -0.7 25.2 25.8 26.9 25.8 Alabama . . . +0.8 +0.6 +10.5 +10.3 +7.5 +7.2 +14.7 +6.9 28.6 30.5 30.5 29.6 Arizona . +9.3 -10.4 1 -1.1 +4.2 +6.6 +.9 +5.2 +4.3 24. 1 23.4 27.0 28.2 Arkansas . . -7.0 -6.1 -2.4 +3. 5 +2.4 +4.9 +8.9 +3.9 26.3 29.0 29.4 29.4 California . . +6.1 +6.6 +11.3 +11.8 +6.5 +8. 1 +10.4 +2.1 24.7 24.8 25.1 23.8 Colorado . . . +.6 -10. 0 -7.1 -1.6 +4.4 +3.0 -1.9 +4.7 19.6 20.3 22.4 21.3 Connecticut . -.1 -2.3 -1.0 +.6 +3.9 +4.0 +■ 9 -3.0 28.0 29.1 30.0 28.5 Delaware _ _ +7.0 +11.5 +14.7 +3. 4 +7.0 +9.6 +9.3 -.2 25.5 25.5 1 25. 1 24.4 Dist. of Col.. . . +1.1 +2 6 +7.0 +4.1 +7.6| + 11.8l + 19.4 +6.81 25.1 26.7 27.4 28.0 Florida... . . . +4.2 +1.8 +11. 11+11.9 +9.61+11.21+14.8 +2.2! 25.3 26.6 27.9 25.5 Georgia _ _ +2.4 +5.1 +1.H +4.3 +6. 3 j I +9. 5 I +7.9 -1.5| 28.2 29. 3 | 29.4 27.9 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 Table VI.— PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN TEACH¬ ING POSITIONS AND IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE AND NUMBER OF PUPILS IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PER TEACHER, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936— Continued PERCENTAGE INCREASE OR DECREASE PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO State Teaching positions Average daily attendance 1930 1932 1934 1936 13 From 1930 to— 1934 to 1936 From 1930 to— 1934 to 1936 1932 1934 1936 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 Idaho . +1.9 -3.1 -.3 -2.2 +3.6 +5.5 +3.8 -1.6 21.9 22.2 24.0 22.7 Illinois . . -.6 -5.5 -2.7 +3.5 +1.9 -2.4 -4.0 -1.6 25.2 25.8 26.0 24.8 Indiana . . -1.6 -7.5 -4.6 +2.5 +8.9 +9.5 +4.1 -5.1 27.3 30.2 32.3 29.9 Iowa . . . +.9 -2.5 -.8 +1.9 +2.9 +2.1 -1.3 -3.3 18.9 19.3 19.8 18.8 Kansas . 1 -10.5 -3.6 +1.2 +5.2 +.8 -1.9 -2.7 19.1 20.1 21.5 20.6 Kentucky . +7.2 +8.4 +11.3 +4.4 +7.1 +9.0 +13.3 +3.9 28.2 28.2 28.4 28.2 Louisiana . +2.2 +2.7 +10.7 +4.8 +5.9 +9.2 +12.8 +.7 28.7 29.7 30.5 29.4 Maine... _ _ +2.1 -1.2 +1.6 +2.8 +5.8 +8.5 +7.7 -.8 22.3 23.1 24.5 23.6 Maryland . +.9 -2.8 +2.1 +3.1 +5.9 +7.1 +12.7 +.8 27.8 29.2 30.7 30.2 Massachusetts . +4.8 +2.6 +3.3 +1.0 +3.4 +3.5 +1.7 -1.8 25.8 25.4 26.0 26. 1 Michigan . +2.7 -6.7 -11.9 -5.6 +2.6 +5.4 +4.8 -.6 25.0 25.2 28.3 29.3 Minnesota . -5.1 -6.7 -5.2 +1.4 +4.0 +5.0 +1.5 -3.4 20.6 22.6 23.2 21.9 Mississippi _ _ +2.6 -9.7 -9.2 0 -1.5 +3.8 +3.8 0 28.8 27.6 33. 1 33. 1 Missouri . +1.6 _ _ +5.8 +5.8 +4.5 +6.1 +2.5 -3.4 23.8 24.5 25.3 23.8 Montana . -1.0 -6.4 -11.4 -5.3 +2.3 +.5 -4.3 -4.7 17.5 18.0 18.7 18.9 Nebraska . -6.1 -5.4 +1.5 +8.8 +7.0 +2.5 -4.3 17.6 19.1 20. 1 19.0 Nevada . . +12.6 +7.2 +12.8 +1.8 +9.5 +9.1 +11. 1 +1.8 18.9 18.3 19.2 18.2 New Hampshire . +.4 -3.1 -1.7 +2.3 +4.0 +4.4 +4.0 -.5 22.2 23.1 24.0 23.5 New Jersey . +4.7 +2.0 +3.2 +1.8 +4.4 +5.6 +3.1 -2.4 26.1 26.0 27.0 25.9 New Mexico _ _ -3.6 -6.7 +9.2 +9.4 +9.8 +15.3 +22.7 +6.4 22.4 25.5 27.7 27.2 New York . . +6.0 +4.7 +7-4 +2.5 +4.9 +7.9 +7.0 -.9 24.9 24.6 25.7 24.8 North Carolina . -3.7 +3.9 +1.9 +3.3 +8.2 +12.5 +12.9 +.4 28.8 32.4 33.7 32.8 North Dakota . +.2 -2.8 -3.0 +2.2 -2.7 -8.7 -15.3 -7.2 17.7 17.2 16.6 15. 1 Ohio . . . +2.3 -2.4 -2.0 +1.9 +3.3 +4.3 +2.5 -1.7 27.5 27.8 29.4 28.4 Oklahoma . -8.3 -6.4 +.4 +5.4 +4.9 +4.7 +5.8 +1.1 23.7 27.2 26.5 25.4 Oregon . +26.9 +23.3 +8.3 -10.9 +27.1 +9.1 +5.4 -3.4 25.0 25.0 22. 1 23.3 Pennsylvania . +2.6 -1.0 +1.6 +2.4 +4.5 +6.7 +5.3 -1.3 28.8 29.3 31.0 29.9 Rhode Island _ +3.3 +1.6 -7.4 -5.1 +3.3 +5.5 +1.9 -3.5 26.3 26.3 27.3 25.1 South Carolina. . +2.6 -3.3 +2.7 +5.3 +7.2 +8.7 +5. 7 -2.8 26.0 28.6 29.2 27.0 South Dakota . -2.1 -4.7 -.4 -1.3 -.8 -1.6 -7.7 -6.2 15.5 15. 7 16.0 14.9 Tennessee. . +6.5 +5.8 +9.3 +3.4 +4.4 +6.1 +6.7 +.6 27.2 26.7 27.3 26.6 Texas . +16.9 +17.0 +8.2 +3.9 -1.5 _ +.5 +.5 30.1 25.4 25.7 24.7 Utah . -7.6 -10.0 -.5 +1.9 +5.6 +5.5 +4.0 -1.4 27.1 30.9 31.7 28.5 Vermont _ +1.4 -1.8 -11.1 -10.0 +.3 +1.0 +2.8 +1.8 20.5 20.3 21.1 23.3 Virginia . . . +1.5 -0.4 +.8 +1.1 +6.6 +7.6 +7.9 +.3 27.5 28.9 29.7 29.5 Washington.. . -.9 -7.6 -4.6 +3.6 +3.3 +1.9 -.9 -2.8 25.0 26.1 27.6 26.1 West Virginia _ +3.4 -14.7 -14.4 + 1.9 +5. 0 +7.6 +12.6 +4.6 22.2 22.4 27.9 26.0 Wisconsin _ +2.5 +0.8 +2.2 +2.0 +7.8 +9.1 +7.9 -1.1 23.4 24.6 25.3 24.4 Wyoming . . . -7.0 -13.1 -9.6 -.6 -.2 -1.2 -2.6 16.0 17.2 18.2 17.6 Average salaries of teachers, principals, and supervisors. — The average annual salary, in continental United States, of teachers, principals, and supervisors combined was $1,283 in 1936; $1,227 in 1934; $1,417 in 1932; and $1,420 in 1930. When considering these average annual salaries on a percentage basis, the salary of 1936 was $56, or 4.6 per¬ cent more than that of 1934; $134, or 9.5 percent less than that of 1932; and $137, or 9.6 percent less than that of 1930. For the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 the average annual salary decreased 9.6 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 percent for the country as a whole, in contrast to the decrease of 13.6 percent for the 4-year period from 1930 to 1934. In 1936 the average annual salary of teachers, principals, and super¬ visors combined ranged from $504 in Arkansas to $2,414 in New York. In that year the median of the State averages was $1,073, which exceeded that of 1934 by $106, or 11 percent. The average annual salary in 1936 in 32 States was less than the average of $1,283 for the Nation. In New York and in the District of Columbia this average annual salary approximated $2,400. As previously indicated in this text, not all States reported expendi¬ tures for salaries by type of school organization; consequently, the average annual salaries cannot be accurately given by type of organiza¬ tion for the entire country, but only the averages of the States report¬ ing. For the 21 States and the District of Columbia reporting, the average annual salary in 1936 of teachers, principals, and supervisors was $1,005; for the 9 States reporting for separately organized junior high schools, $1,670; for the 8 States reporting for junior-senior high school organizations, $1,039; for the 7 States reporting for separately organized senior high schools, $1,944; and the 22 States reporting for regular and vocational high schools, $1,523. In the 21 States and the District of Columbia reporting, the average annual salary of teachers, principals, and supervisors in elementary schools ranged from $431 in Arkansas to $1,735 in New Jersey and $2,204 in the District of Columbia. In the 8 States and the District of Columbia this salary for separately organized junior high schools ranged from $747 in Arkansas to $2,205 in New Jersey and $2,422 in the District of Columbia; in the 8 States this salary for junior-senior high school organizations ranged from $750 in Arkansas to $1,961 in New Jersey; in 7 States, this salary for separately organized senior high schools ranged from $853 in Arkansas to $2,369 in New Jersey; and in the 21 States and the District of Columbia, this salary for regular and vocational high schools ranged from $559 in Arkansas to $2,134 in New Jersey and $2,779 in the District of Columbia. FINANCIAL SUPPORT Revenue receipts. — The total revenue receipts for public elementary and secondary schools in 1936 amounted to $1,971,402,416 which was $160,750,323, or 8.9 percent, greater than in 1934; $96,626,883, or 4.7 percent, less than in 1932; and $117,154,421, or 5.6 percent, less than in 1930. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 State B. Y . $2,414 D. C . 2,376 M. J . 1,864 Mass . 1.834 Calif.... 1,776 Conn . 1,679 R. I . 1,664 Del . 1,555 Pa . 1,5*9 Ohio . 1.522 Key . 1,521 Rich . 1,499 Md . l.*55 Ariz . 1,399 Ill . 1,369 Wash . 1,369 Ind . 1,294 His . 1,280 Colo . 1,248 H. H . 1,207 Utah . 1,177 Oreg . 1,154 Minn . 1,120 W. Va _ 1,091 Mont . 1.073 Mo . 1,048 *yo . 1,023 H. Hex... 984 Idaho.... 943 Texas. . . . 941 Vt . 917 Fla . 905 Iowa . 875 Bans . 855 Va . 810 Me . 798 La . 793 Ky . 787 Okie . 783 Behr . 772 H. C . 735 Tenn . 718 3. Dak... 711 H. Dak... 648 S. C . 637 Ala . 606 Ga . 587 Miss . 571 Ark . 504 Annual Salary In Dollars JFlGUBE 4 .—Average annual salary of teachers, supervisors, and principals, by States, 1935-36. 24 BTENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 For each of the years 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 the amounts and percentages of the revenue receipts (taxation and appropriations) de¬ rived from Federal, State, county, and local sources are shown below: Source 1930 1932 1934 1936 Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent Amount Per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Federal . .. $7, 333, 834 0.4 $8, 262, 137 0.4 $21, 547, 938 1.2 $9, 849, 574 0.5 State. .. . . 353, 670, 462 16.9 410, 549, 583 19,8 423, 178, 215 23.4 578, 369, 087 29.3 County _ 216, 746, 764 10.4 181, 036, 271 8.8 169, 158, 503 9.3 140, 133, 116 7.1 Local and subsidies. 1, 510, 805, 777 72.3 1,468, 181,308 71.0 1, 196, 767, 437 66.1 1, 243, 050, 649 63.1 In 1930, 16.9 percent, in 1932, 19.8 percent, in 1934, 23.4 percent, and in 1936, 29.3 percent of the revenue receipts came from the State. The county and the local school district contributed the following pro¬ portions of the revenue, derived from taxation and appropriations: School district Percent of revenue by year 1930 1932 1934 1936 ‘ 2 3 4 5 County _ 10.4 72.3 8.8 71.0 9.3 66.1 7.1 63.1 Local _ _ _ _ The income for public schools is derived from appropriations from general funds, direct taxation, permanent funds, leases of school lands, Federal aid, and other miscellaneous sources. The respective pro¬ portionate amounts derived from the sources indicated are shown for 4 years: Source 1930 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 Permanent funds.. _ $23, 767, 636 3, 748, 881 1, 975, 000, 085 7, 333, 834 78, 706, 401 $25, 793, 192 3, 142, 906 1, 974, 491, 883 8, 262, 137 56, 339, 181 $19, 890, 779 2, 167, 804 1, 720, 399, 440 21, 547, 938 46, 646, 132 $21, 014, 735 3, 355, 738 1, 885, 755, 840 9, 849, 574 51, 426, 620 Lease of school lands... . . . Appropriation and taxation . Federal aid _ _ _ _ _ . _ All other . The school revenue derived from permanent funds represented 1.1 percent, 1.2 percent, 1.1 percent, and 1.2 percent of the total school revenue for each of the years indicated. In 1936 the revenue derived from permanent funds was 5.7 percent more than in 1934 but 18.5 percent less than in 1932; from leases of school lands, 54.8 percent more than in 1934 but 10.5 percent less than in 1930; from appropria¬ tions and taxes, 9.6 percent more than in 1934 but 4.5 percent less- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 Percent and Source State State County Local 1 1 W7A Del.... 92-3 7.7 n. C... 6 6.2 — 13.8 ATlt... 74.4 2-3 23.3 Texas. . 54.> 10.1 35.6 N. Hex. 51.7 23-9 24.4 f. Va. . 50.8 49.2 — Fla _ 50.2 19-2 30.6 s. c... 49.8 4.8 45.4 Ala - 49.5 38.6 119 Calif.. 48.2 1.2 50.6 fasti. . . 48.0 10.8 41.2 La . 47.8 38.9 13.3 Mich... 44.5 .3 55-2 Utah. . . 43.7 — 56.3 Ga . 42.6 48.1 9-3 Miss. . . 41.8 18.8 39.4 Ky . 40.0 25.1 34.9 Ohio. .. 37-4 1.2 61.4 H. T... 37.2 — 62.6 Ark. . . . 34.9 1-7 63.4 Va . 32.7 37.7 29.6 Me . 30.5 — 69-5 Okla. . . 30.2 — 69.8 Minn. . . 29.2 4.2 66.6 Xnd. . . . 26.5 — 73.5 N. Dak. 24.3 11.7 64.0 Md . 23.6 30.4 46.0 Tenn. . . 23-6 56.4 20.0 Mo . 23.0 5-1 71.9 Pa . 21.2 — 78.8 Vt . 17.9 — 62.1 lee.... 16.5 33-9 49.6 lie.... 16.2 10.5 73-3 D. C... 14.8 — 85-2 Mass. .. 10.7 — 89-3 Ill.... 10.0 — 90.0 Conn. . . «.7 — 91-3 I. B... 7.6 — 92.4 lyo. . . . 7.6 26.0 66.4 Idaho.. 6.7 33-7 59.6 R. I... 5.8 — 94.2 Mont. . . 2.5 22.6 74.9 S. Dak. 2.5 — 97.5 «. J... 2.0 19-3 78.7 Iowa. . . 1.1 2-3 96.6 Rebr... 1.0 — 99.0 Kens. . . • 3 14.9 84.8 Colo. . . — 26.0 74.0 Oreg. . . .... 30.5 69.5 U. S... 29.4 7-1 63.5 W//////////////////////////////////////; VZ7//7/////< 7/7/77////7///7ZZZ7 77777/77)777777^. '/7/7/A VZ2ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZL \/////7>/////////////7. wz 7ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ , V77/7/////////777777777777 W?////)///////////////)//////)//////) yzzzzz&zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz W///////////////////7777? y//7/////777777777777777Z rj77/Z///('///ZZ7^///////, Figure 5.— Percentage of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources by State, 1935-36. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 than in either 1932 or 1930; from the Federal Government, 54.3 per¬ cent less than in 1934 but 19.2 percent more than in 1932; and from other sources, 10.2 percent more than in 1934. The decrease in Federal funds in the last biennium is due to the fact that in 1934 such funds were provided to “keep schools open.” In 1936 the schools in 7 States, namely, Arizona, Delaware, Florida, New Mexico, North Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia, were receiving more than 50 percent of their revenue from State appropriations and taxes; in 18 States, from 25 to 49.9 percent; and in 23 States, less than 25 percent. Three States, namely, Arizona, North Carolina, and Delaware, contributed from these sources 74.4, 86.2, and 92.3 percent, respectively. Less than 10 percent of the school revenue supplied by 13 States was derived from State appropriation and taxation. (Colo¬ rado and Oregon made no such contributions in 1936.) In 1936, 14.8 percent of the school revenue in the District of Columbia was provided from sources (congressional appropriations) other than local; in 1932, 31.5 percent of its school revenue was derived from these appropria¬ tions. In 1934 more than 50 percent of the school revenue was contributed from State appropriations and taxes by Delaware, North Carolina, Texas, and West Virginia; in 1932, by Delaware and North Carolina; and in 1930, by Delaware only. The schools in 32 States derived a larger percentage of their revenue from State sources in 1936 than in 1934. For continental United States the county, in 1936, contributed 7.1 percent and in 1930, 10.6 percent of the school funds derived from taxation and appropriations. In 32 States affected, the county con¬ tribution in 1936 ranged from 0.3 percent in Michigan to 56.4 percent in Tennessee. In 13 States the proportion of the school revenue con¬ tributed by the county exceeded 25 percent, while in the remaining 19 States the county contributed in each instance less than 25 percent. The percent in these 19 States ranged from 0.3 percent in Michigan to 23.9 percent in New Mexico. From 1934 to 1936, this county con¬ tribution decreased in Arizona from 37.1 to 2.3 percent; in Florida, from 50.1 to 19.2 percent; in Montana, from 50.8 to 22.6 percent; in Nevada, from 77.1 to 33.9 percent; in New Mexico, from 72.9 to 23.9 percent; and in Ohio from 21.4 to 1.2 percent. With the exception of Montana and Nevada, this decrease in county contribution was offset by a material increase in the proportion of the school funds provided from State sources. The fact that States as agents have, during the 6-year period since 1930, on an average assumed greater responsibility for financing their public elementary and secondary schools is evidenced by the increased contributions from State appropriations and taxation (29.4 percent in 1936 as compared with 16.7 percent in 1930); by the decrease from STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 10.6 percent to 7.1 percent contributed by the county; and by the decrease from 72.7 percent to 63.5 percent by the local district. Public-school support in West Virginia was practically equally shared by the State and the county. Of the remaining 47 States, the proportion of school revenue (taxation and appropriation) derived from the local district in 1936 ranged from 7.7 percent in Delaware to 99 percent in Nebraska. The District of Columbia provided 85.2 percent of its total school revenue that year from local sources. In 12 States the local district supplied 75 percent or more; in 18 States, from 50 to 74.9 percent; in 9 States, from 25 to 49.9 percent, and in 8 States, less than 25 percent. From 1934 to 1936, the local district contri¬ bution in 7 States was increased by from about 5 to 40 percent and in 15 States was decreased by from about 5 to 25 percent. Table VII.— PERCENTAGE OF RECEIPTS FROM TAXATION AND APPROPRIATION FROM STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL SOURCES. BY STATES, FOR YEARS INDICATED State or outlying part STATE COUNTY LOCAL 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Continental U.S. 16.7 19.5 23.4 29.4 10.6 8.8 9.4 7.1 72.7 71.7 67.2 63.5 Alabama . . 43.7 45.3 39.3 49.5 29.7 41. 1 34.5 38.6 26.6 13.6 26.2 11.9 Arizona . . 17.4 22.0 28.7 74.4 38.4 41.7 37.1 2.3 44.2 36.3 34.2 23.3 Arkansas . . 33.6 21.3 16. 2 34.9 2.9 1. 7 63. 5 78. 7 83.8 63.4 California . . . 25. 1 21.9 49.6 48.2 36.9 30.2 4.5 1.2 38.0 47.9 45.9 50.6 Colorado _ . 1 . 1 .1 26.5 26. 1 26.2 26.0 73.4 73.8 73.7 74.0 Connecticut _ 7.5 7.2 9.0 8.7 92.5 92.8 91.0 91.3 Delaware . . 88. 1 88.8 92.9 92.3 11.9 11.2 7.1 7.7 Dist. of Col _ 22. 9 31.5 20. 5 14.8 77. 1 68.5 79.5 85.2 Florida . 21.6 34.6 31.0 50.2 29.6 24.5 50.1 19.2 48.8 40.9 18.9 30.6 Georgia . 36.5 39.6 34.1 42.6 30. 1 26.3 31.0 48.1 33.4 34.1 34.9 9.3 Idaho . .6 1.2 2.3 6.7 27.9 39.3 32.9 33.7 71.5 59.5 64.8 59.6 Illinois _ 4.5 6.6 6.9 10.0 .1 95. 5 93.4 93.0 90.0 Indiana _ 1. 7 4. 6 25. 7 26. 5 98.3 95. 4 74.3 73.5 Iowa . 3.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 2.9 2. 1 2.3 96.7 95.8 96.5 96.6 Kansas _ . 1 .3 12.6 14.9 99.9 100.0 87.4 84.8 Kentucky . 26.3 29.2 24.9 40.0 29.0 29.2 31.5 25.1 44.7 41.6 43.6 34.9 Louisiana . . . 25.2 28.9 35.7 47.8 54.5 54.5 46.2 38.9 20.3 16.6 18.1 13.3 Maine _ 29.0 30.2 34. 5 30.5 71.0 69. 8 65.5 69.5 Maryland _ 17.3 21.0 24.4 23.6 34.3 32.9 28.2 30.4 48.4 46^1 47.4 46.0 Massachusetts _ _ 9.0 7.9 11.7 10.7 91.0 92.1 88.3 89.3 Michigan _ 19.9 26. 6 29. 5 44.5 .3 80. 1 73.4 70.5 55.2 Minnesota . . 17.3 18.8 22.9 29.2 5.0 5.2 5.3 4. 2 77.7 76.0 71.8 66.6 Mississippi _ 32.9 32.9 45.3 41.8 23.1 >23. 1 29.3 18.8 44.0 44.0 25.4 39.4 Missouri . 10.7 7.0 8.0 23.0 4.2 2.4 2. 1 5. 1 85. 1 90.6 89.9 71.9 Montana . 3.7 3.4 2.1 2.5 43.2 49.5 50.8 22.6 53. 1 47.1 47.1 74.9 Nebraska _ .7 .7 .8 1.0 99.3 99.3 99.2 99.0 Nevada . . . . 13.2 22.8 13.0 16.5 58.6 64.1 77.1 33.9 28.2 13.1 9.9 49.6 New Hampshire _ 8.8 4. 6 9.2 7.6 91.2 95.4 90.8 92.4 New Jersey . . 21.0 19.1 2.0 2.0 .8 .9 19.3 19.3 78.2 80.0 78.7 78.7 New Mexico . . 3.5 3.0 4.2 51.7 74.7 74.7 72.9 23.9 21.8 22.3 22.9 24.4 New York... 28. 6 31.2 28.6 37.2 71.4 68.8 71.4 62.8 North Carolina. . . 1.4 55.0 64.9 86.2 61.2 15.1 21.3 _ 37.4 29.9 13.8 13.8 North Dakota. . . 2.8 3.2 4.2 24.3 7.8 8.7 12.0 II. 7 89.4 88.1 83.8 64.0 Ohio. . . . 3.6 4.8 15.4 37.4 32.4 24.9 21.4 1.2 64.0 70.3 63.2 61.4 Oklahoma . . . 5.9 6.7 28.5 30.2 1 8.5 6.0 ' 2.8 85.6 87.3 68.7 69.8 1 1930 figure. 49938—38 - 3 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table VII.— PERCENTAGE OF RECEIPTS FROM TAXATION AND APPROPRIATION FROM STATE, COUNTY, AND LOCAL SOURCES, BY STATES, FOR YEARS INDICATED— Continued State or outlying part STATE COUNTY LOCAL 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 18.5 13.9 23.8 30.5 81.5 86.1 76.2 69.5 ko 19. 1 20.3 21.2 86.0 80.9 79.7 78.8 Rhode* Island _ 8.3 8.4 5.6 5.8 91.7 91.6 94.4 94.2 8outh Carolina . 26.9 29.4 29.6 49.8 27.0 8.5 5.8 4.8 46.1 62.1 64.6 45.4 South Dakota _ _ 1.6 2.5 99.5 100.0 98.4 97.5 Tennessee . 23.7 27.0 44.4 23.6 35.6 50.9 41.5 56.4 40.7 22.1 14.1 20.0 Texas . . „ 35.9 38.2 51. 1 54.3 10.0 10. 1 64. 1 61.8 38.9 35.6 Utah _ _ _ 32. 1 35.0 41.6 43.7 34.0 67.9 65.0 24.4 56.3 Vermont _ 12.4 11.9 14.2 17.9 87.6 88. 1 85.8 82. 1 Virginia . 28.5 32.8 29.2 32.7 31.5 30.3 33.6 37.7 40.0 36.9 37.2 29.6 Washington . 26.2 26.6 34.4 48.0 16.1 16.3 13.3 10.8 57.7 57.1 52.3 41.2 West Virginia _ 7.7 7.2 53.8 50.8 46.2 49.2 92.3 92.8 Wisconsin . . . 16.2 15.8 19.5 16.2 8.6 9.7 10.7 10.5 75.2 74.5 69.8 73.3 Wyoming . 1.3 .9 .1 7.6 25.7 26.0 29.0 26.0 73.0 73.1 70.9 66.4 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 67.5 73.4 32.5 26.6 American Samoa _ 100.0 Canal Zone— . _ 100.0 Guam _ 100.0 Hawaii _ 80.0 100.0 20.0 Puerto Rico _ _ 75.6 78.5 24.4 21.5 Virgin Islands _ 100.0 The total receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands in 1936 was $24,370,473 which exceeded that of 1934 but which was less than the amount received in 1930 or 1932. In 1936, 41 States reported a total of $21,014,735 income from permanent funds, the individual State receipts ranging from $32,510 in Pennsylvania to $3,024,891 in Texas. In 7 States, namely, Indiana, Minnesota, Mon¬ tana, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, and Washington, the income in each from permanent funds was more than one million dollars. In some instances this income is interest paid by the State on permanent funds no longer existing except as State debts. Fourteen States reported a total income in 1936 of $3,355,738 as receipts from leases of school lands. The amounts received ranged from $2,509 in Texas to $1,106,893 in New Mexico. When considering the total receipts from permanent funds and leases of school lands in terms of pupil load, this income per pupil enrolled ranged from 2 cents in Pennsylvania to $18.97 in Wyoming. In 20 States receipts from these sources amounted to more than $1; in 7 States, more than $5; and in 2 States, New Mexico and Wyoming, more than $10 per pupil enrolled. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 Nonrevenue receipts. — Receipts from loans and bond sales, with 42 States reporting in 1936, amounted to $164,707,226. Although direct comparisons cannot be made for these years, since the same States did not report each year, the receipts from these sources for 1934, 1932, and 1930 were $88,806,678, $126,895,026, and $357,050,699. From 1930 to 1934, there was an increase in receipts from loans and bond sales in only one State — Oregon — while from 1930 to 1936 there was an increase in such receipts in 10 of the 39 States reporting both years. When considering nonrevenue receipts from other sources, including sale of property and insurance adjustments, the amount received for the States reporting in 1936 was $41,996,541. The total of nonrevenue receipts from all sources that year was $206,703,767. Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts. — Excluding balance on hand, the total revenue and nonrevenue receipts in 1936 amounted to $2,178,106,183, which was $237,855,401, or 12.3 percent more than in 1934 and $51,317,040, or 2.3 percent less than in 1932. Of the total revenue and nonrevenue receipts in 1936, the proportion derived from the several sources was: Federal, 0.5 percent; State, 26.6 percent; county, 6.9 percent; local, 66 percent; and subsidies from educational foundations, 0.01 percent. EXPENDITURES In 1936 the total expenditure for public elementary and secondary day schools, excluding capital outlay and interest, was $1,656,798,938, and including capital outlay and interest, $1,961,103,765. In 1934 the corresponding expenditures were $1,515,530,198 and $1,711,843,278. Current expenses. — The total current expense, not including interest, in 1936 was $1,656,798,938 which was $141,268,740, or 9.3 percent more than in 1934; $153,140,078, or 8.5 percent less than in 1932; and $186,752,770, or 10.1 percent less than in 1930. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table VIII.— COMPARISON OF RECEIPTS FROM LOANS AND BOND SALES, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 LOANS AND BOND SALES State States report¬ ing . Alabama . Arizona . Arkansas . . California . . Colorado . Connecticut. Delaware _ Florida . Ceorgia . Idaho . 1930 1932 Illinois . Indiana.... Iowa _ Kansas . Kentucky.. Louisiana... Maryland.. Michigan... Minnesota.. Mississippi. Missouri . Montana . . Nebraska . Nevada . . New Hampshire. New Jersey . New Mexico.... New York _ North Carolina- North Dakota. . Ohio . . Oklahoma _ Oregon . Pennsylvania. Rhode Island- South Carolina. South Dakota. . Tennessee _ Texas . Utah . . Vermont . Virginia _ Washington _ West Virginia... Wisconsin . $357,050,699 $125,263,245 870,343 2, 374, 254 1, 047, 609 3, 235, 125 9, 841, 578 4, 684, 812 74, 150 3, 029, 392 4, 458, 138 436, 471 80, 293, 714 2, 851, 190 2, 270, 129 3, 783, 206 4, 872, 489 5, 153, 167 3, 213, 694 26, 355, 911 4, 387, 340 1, 631, 781 7, 320,348 1, 110, 822 847, 654 557, 048 68, 686 26, 248, 043 152, 500 68, 992, 463 4, 966, 935 26, 933, 184 275, 131 27, 319, 747 Wyoming. 783, 444 301, 872 1, 885, 088 12, 562, 993 1, 796, 883 1, 274, 218 2, 595, 763 6, 478, 399 585, 328 1, 504, 536 5, 558, 136 623, 527 207, 187 3, 057, 132 2, 719, 520 75, 384 14, 673, 210 947, 530 518, 515 1, 453, 302 631, 336 2, 873, 942 1, 637, 421 2, 221, 326 606, 110 542, 471 251, 659 83, 722 8, 545, 059 559, 099 24, 516, 006 3, 000, 000 839, 858 3, 362, 741 1934 ,806,678 1, 937, 464 2, 374, 497 48, 123 2, 509, 810 18, 864,693 192, 545 94, 213 2, 411, 659 6, 746, 805 889, 119 2, 141, 500 3, 951, 431 5, 503, 209 79, 189 496, 527 139, 899 109, 176 35, 872 3, 735, 888 84, 000 3, 439, 1, 284, 939 343, 548 6,024,450 i 18, 037 542, 690 23, 132, 961 68, 677 48, 583 1, 108, 027 438, 318 427, 329 780, 482 1, 785, 369 23, 578 1936 Increase or decrease 1930 to 1932 1930 to 1934 1930 to 1936 5 6 7 8 S $164,707,226 ' 3, 044, 547 ) 417, 696 ' 770, 590 t 18,645,113 1 916, 932 ! 730, 486 -$1,503, 911 — $1, 838, 347 -936, 229 i -2,967,608 ! -5,686,674 +$670,293 i -629, 913 i -2, 464, 535 +8, 803, 535 -1,730,589 -4, 283, 442 -4, 061,285 +133, 037 +27, 740 -1,738, 618 -361, 087 -4,183,844 -31, 359 -2, 431, 209 — 1, 453, 658 -66, 690 —3, 954, 326 —74, 150 1 805, 546 1 1, 321, 078 671, 921 -2,223,846 -3, 137, 060 +235, 450 ! 24,181,673 i 5, 976, 314 1, 543, 848 1, 168, 099 564, 867 -65, 620, 504 -1,903, 660 -1, 751,614 -61, 898, 132 -1,502,010 -1, 616, 862 -2,469, 652 -4, 721, 042 -56,112,041 +3, 125, 124 -726, 281 -2, 615, 107 -4, 307, 622 -3, 419, 187 265, 800 1, 551, 297 11, 722, 341 3, 677, 559 1, 542, 792 2, 249, 450 -4, 521, 831 -339, 752 -24, 718, 490 -2, 166, 014 -5, 136, 167 -1, 276,230 -17, 509, 755 -2, 012, 843 -1, 583, 658 -4, 887, 367 -1, 662, 397 -14,633,570 -709, 781 -88, 989 -5,070,898 -515, 622 -378, 925 -127,463 +711, 037 595,200 468, 729 429, 585 779, 723 -504, 712 -305, 183 -305, 389 +15,036 -614, 295 -707, 755 -447, 872 -32,814 6, 326. 024 495, 497 17, 875, 428 -17,702,984 +406, 599 -44, 476, 457 -1, 966, 935 -22, 512, 155 -68, 500 -65, 552, 765 -3, 681, 996 -19,922,019 +342, 997 -51,117,035 571, 346 6, 639, 856 2, 945, 200 3, 407, 370 27, 625, 328 437, 500 1, 093, 312 981, 255 1, 420, 905 3, 364, 472 867, 836 -23, 570, 443 -20, 908, 734 -20,293,328 +2, 234, 679 -8, 455, 054 +267, 559 -4, 186, 786 +3, 132, 239 +305, 579 -590, 899 -207, 289 +526, 571 -5, 816, 188 -907, 764 -714, 767 -253, 289 -777, 061 +309, 868 +679, 383 -464, 183 -9, 198, 521 -929, 047 -1, 358, 565 453, 525 2, 775, 030 1, 083, 920 +867, 282 +1, 355, 668 -846, 889 -1,815,281 +1,500,812 -1,511,843 2, 181, 539 -975, 190 -4, 693, 030 -4, 296, 860 120, 699 -506, 139 -561, 750 -464, 629 t Not previously reported. In the continental United States the current expenses decreased 2.2 percent from 1930 to 1932, 17.8 percent from 1930 to 1934, and 10.1 percent from 1930 to 1936, but increased 9.3 percent in the biennium from 1934 to 1936. During this 2-year period, current expenses in¬ creased in every State except Missouri, which reported a decrease of STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 3.1 percent. The increases in the 47 States and the District of Colum¬ bia ranged from 0.02 percent in Oklahoma to 35.3 percent in Florida. Twenty-four States each reported an increase of more than 10 per¬ cent; of this number, 7 reported an increase of 20 percent or more. When considering the 6-year period, however, from 1930 to 1936, only 10 States reported an increase in current expenses. These in¬ creases ranged from 0.4 percent in New Mexico to 22.2 in Florida, with Delaware, Florida, and the District of Columbia each reporting an increase in excess of 10 percent. The distribution of current expenses by functions of full-time day schools is shown below for the years 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936: Purpose 1930 1932 1934 1936 > 2 3 4 5 General control . . Instruction _ $78, 679, 502 1,317, 727, 233 216, 072, 433 78, 810, 238 101,992, 622 50, 269, 680 $74, 910, 121 1, 333, 331, 826 198, 905, 327 58, 518, 348 98, 707, 181 45, 566, 213 $64, 092, 729 1, 120, 874, 191 155, 726, 505 47, 750, 777 86, 350, 820 40, 735, 176 $67, 436, 271 1, 214, 363, 109 168, 788, 708 64, 475, 349 98,114, 995 43, 620, 506 Operation . . . . Maintenance _ Auxiliary agencies . Fixed charges . . . Total current expenses.. . Capital outlay . Interest _ _ I . 1,843,551,708 1,809,939,016 1,515,530, 198 1,656, 798,938 370, 877, 969 92, 535,880 210, 996, 262 140, 234, 782 59, 276, 555 137,036, 525 171, 321, 674 132, 983, 153 From 1930 to 1934 the decreases by functions were: General control, 18.5 percent; instruction, 14.9 percent; operation, 27.9 percent; maintenance, 39.4 percent; auxiliary agencies, 15.3 percent; and fixed charges, 19 percent. When considering the 6-year period ending with 1936, the decreases by functions were: General control, 14.3 percent; instruction, 7.8 percent; opera tiom 21.9 percent; mainte¬ nance, 18.2 percent; auxiliary agencies, 3.8 percent; and fixed charges, 13.3 percent. From 1934 to 1936 the percentage of increases for these functions were: General control, 5 percent; instruction, 7.8 percent; operation, 7.7 percent; maintenance, 25.9 percent; auxiliary agencies, 12 percent; and fixed charges, 6.6 percent. The per capita costs per pupil in averge daily attendance, derived on the basis of current expenses by functions, and the percentage of distribution of expenses by functions are shown in table IX. For the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936, there was a decrease in the per capita cost for each function ranging from 8.3 percent in auxiliary agencies to 22.1 percent and 25.5 percent in maintenance and operation, respectively. The relative percentages of current expenses by func¬ tions for 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 remained fairly static although the actual amounts expended by functions varied materially by bi¬ enniums. The latter is definitely indicated by the fact that the per capita costs, derived on the basis of total current expenses, were $86.70 in 1930, $81.36 in 1932, $67.48 in 1934, and $74.30 in 1936. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 In other words, the 1936 per capita cost, derived on the basis of total current expenses, was 13.7 percent less than the corresponding per capita cost for 1930. Figure 6.— Annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance for current expenses, capital outlay, and interest 1935-36. Table IX.— COMPARISON OF STATE SCHOOL EXPENDITURES, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 Per¬ cent¬ age de¬ crease in per capita cost, 1930 to 1936 Purpose Per capita cost on average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent of total Per- capita cost on average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent of total Per capita cost on average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent of total Per capita cost on average daily attend¬ ance Per¬ cent of total * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 General control _ $3. 70 4.3 $3. 37 4.1 $2.86 4.2 $3.02 4.1 18.4 Instruction: Salaries _ _ _ 58. 80 67.9 56.89 69.9 47. 51 70.4 51.41 69.2 12.6 Textbooks and supplies. 3. 17 3.6 3. 05 3.8 2. 40 3.5 3. 05 4. 1 3.8 Total instruction... 61. 97 71.5 59. 94 73.7 49. 91 73.9 54.46 73.3 12.1 Operation _ 10. 16 11.7 8. 94 11.0 6. 93 9.9 7. 57 10.2 25.5 Maintenance _ 3.71 4. 3 2. 63 3. 2 2. 13 3.2 2. 89 3.9 22. 1 Auxiliary agencies _ 4. 80 5. 5 4. 44 5.5 3. 84 5.7 4. 40 5.9 8.3 Fixed charges _ 2. 36 2.7 2. 04 2.5 1.81 3. 1 1.96 2.6 16.9 Total current expense. 86. 70 100.0 81. 36 100.0 67. 48 100.0 74. 30 100.0 13.7 Capital outlay ... 17. 44 9.48 2. 64 7.68 56.0 Interest . . 4. 35 6. 30 6. 10 5. 96 +37.0 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 Capital outlay . — The amount spent for capital outlay in 1936 was $171,321,674; in 1934, $59,276,558; in 1932, $210,996,262; and in 1930, $370,887,969. Although from 1934 to 1936 there was an appreciable increase in the amount spent for capital outlay, the expenditure in 1936 was less than 50 percent of that in 1930. Debt service. — The payments of bonds and short-term loans in 1936 amounted to $204,682,410; in 1934, $207,259,364; in 1932, $182,- 943,930; and in 1930, $144,950,229. The pronounced increase in these payments during the 6-year period, and particularly from 1930 to 1934, was largely due to short-term loans negotiated by school districts to pay salaries. As more adequate programs for financing schools are formulated and put into effect, a further reduction in this item of expense may be expected. In 1936 interest payments, as reported by the States, amounted to $132,983,153; in 1934, $137,036,525; and in 1932 and 1930, $140,234,782 and $92,535,880, respectively. For the Continental United States interest payments in 1936 constituted 6.8 percent of the total expenditures, excluding bond payments. In the 48 States, the proportion of this total paid for interest ranged from 1.2 percent in Delaware to 13.5 percent in Florida. Eighteen States reported interest payments representing percentages of their respective total expenditures in excess of the average reported for the Nation. The interest payments in 3 States, namely, Florida, New Jersey, and North Carolina, constituted in 1936 more than 10 percent of their total expenditures. The amount of interest paid per pupil in average daily attendance in 1936 ranged from $1.33 in Mississippi to $13.27 in New Jersey. In that year the average of the State averages was $5.96; in 1934, $6.10; and in 1932, $6.30, while the median of the State averages in 1936 was $4.61; in 1934, $4.59, and in 1932, $4.30. Cost per pupil. — On the basis of current expenses, excluding in¬ terest, the average annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance in the 48 States and the District of Columbia in 1936 was $74.30, which was $6.82, or 10.1 percent more than in 1934; $7.06, or 8.8 percent less than in 1932; and $12.40, or 14.3 percent less than in 1930. On the basis of current expenses plus interest, the cost per pupil in average daily attendance in 1936 was $80.26; in 1934, $73.58; in 1932, $87.67; and in 1930, $91.05. From 1934 to 1936, there was an increase of $6.68 in this cost, or 9.1 percent, while from 1930 to 1936 there was a decrease of $10.79, or 11.9 percent. On the basis of current expenses plus interest and capital outlay, the cost per pupil for 1936, 1934, 1932, and 1930 was $87.94, $76.22, $97.15, and $108.49, respectively. From 1930 to 1936 there was a decrease of $20.55, or 18.9 percent, in this per capita cost. When 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 State Interi Ml 88 . 1-33 Ky . 1.40 Me . 1.44 Del . 1.60 Ala . 1.64 w. Va _ 1.65 Vt . 2.03 Oa . 2.17 Mont . 2.56 Ark . 2.60 3. C . 2.69 Va . 2.74 Maas . 2.75 H. Me*... 2. 88 Bis . 2.91 H. H . 2.94 Tenn . 3.09 Ind . 3.51 Utah . 3.96 Mo . 4.03 N. C . 4.51 La . 4.54 Idaho. . . . 4.57 Pa . 4.59 Bash . 4.62 S. Dak... 4.65 Nev . 4.66 Texas. . . . 4.85 "yo . 4.87 Okla . 4.90 Hebr . 5.1** N . Dak... 5.64 Iowa . 5-67 Minn . 5.96 Or eg . 6.20 Mich . 6.50 Kane . 6.90 Colo . 7-33 Md . 7-33 Arit . 7.74 Conn . 7-75 Ill . 8.59 Ohio . 8.79 Okla . 8.79 Fla . 9.14 Calif.... 9-53 R. I . 11.14 N. Y . 12.76 N. J . 13.27 5-96 Figure 7.— Interest paid per pupil in average daily attendance, by States, 1936-36. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 Table X— COMPARISON OF CURRENT EXPENSES NOT INCLUDING INTEREST, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 Btate or outlying part CURRENT EXPENSES (NOT INCLUDING INTEREST) ANNUAL COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTEND¬ ANCE 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 l 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 Continental U. S . $1,843,551,708 $1,803,697,166 $1,515,530,198 $1,056,798,938 $86. 70 $81. 08 $67.48 $74.30 Alabama . 17, 652, 225 15, 855, 506 15, 281, 193 15, 470, 827 37. 28 31. 16 30.09 28. 49 Arizona . 8, 289, 546 8,118, 054 5, 909, 717 6, 641, 739 109. 12 100. 27 77.11 83. 10 Arkansas _ 11,101,551 9, 644, 727 7, 844, 132 8, 848, 229 33.56 28.46 22.60 24. 55 California . 121,136.633 124, 719, 955 107, 917, 132 115, 979, 261 133. 30 128. 87 109. 83 115. 60 Colorado . 21, 125, 901 20, 199, 773 15, 378, 576 16, 325, 207 110. 76 101.42 78.30 87.20 Connecticut . 28, 155, 339 29, 738, 992 23, 444, 098 25, 137, 780 1 102.58 104. 27 82. 12 90. 76 Delaware _ 3, 448, 498 3, 890, 039 3, 688, 808 3, 978, 802 95.12 100. 31 92. 85 100. 38 Dist. of Col . 9, 043, 813 9, 370, 065 8, 196, 504 9, 961, 092 132. 39 127.54 107. 30 122. 10 Florida _ 13, 516, 229 13, 821, 467 12, 211, 844 16, 521, 021 50. 61 47. 22 40.73 53.89 Georgia . 17, 166, 356 17, 285, 146 16, 703, 459 17, 978, 330 31.89 30.20 28.34 30.96 Idaho... . 8, 553, 928 7, 803, 449 5, 931, 755 7, 074, 175 86.86 76. 51 57.09 69. 21 Illinois _ _ 123, 430, 692 117, 035, 475 91, 818, 435 99, 426, 809 102. 56 95. 39 78. 18 86. 06 Indiana . 54, 666, 666 51,449,071 39, 329, 061 42,834,583 91.66 79.23 60.20 69. 08 Iowa . 44, 692, 503 40, 977, 634 31, 071, 253 33, 531, 989 96. 10 85. 66 65. 44 73. 02 Kansas . 33, 857, 923 29, 760, 983 22, 125, 448 23, 993, 647 92. 81 77. 52 60. 19 67.04 Kentucky . Louisiana . 20,009, 576 19,111,092 15, 748, 876 19, 372, 980 46.23 41.24 33. 37 39.52 16, 847, 280 16, 586, 189 13, 787, 671 16, 352, 508 48. 19 44.80 36. 07 42.55 Maine . 9, 647, 509 9, 844, 856 7,803,011 8, 204, 059 69.89 67. 38 52. 09 55.20 Maryland . 18,880,053 19, 682, 761 17, 312, 285 19, 014, 104 80. 15 78.92 68.64 74. 77 Massachusetts . 74, 034, 720 73, 353, 630 66, 905, 157 71, 781, 802 109. 57 105.03 95. 69 104. 51 Michigan. . 96, 968, 550 85, 621, 571 60, 276, 738 69, 818, 416 114. 76 98.78 67. 68 78.82 Minnesota... . 46, 271, 102 45, 537, 935 36, 059, 327 39, 960, 651 101. 29 95.83 75. 15 86. 16 Mississippi . 15, 757, 723 9, 515, 873 10, 665, 915 12, 536, 976 36. 13 22. 16 23. 55 27. 68 Missouri.. . 40, 513, 185 42, 164, 782 36, 861, 955 35, 717, 666 70. 28 70. 02 60. 27 60. 43 Montana _ 11, 557, 838 10, 622, 374 8, 385,843 9, 711, 579 109. 73 98. 61 79.24 96.29 Nebraska . . . 24, 123, 984 22, 611, 283 15, 943, 443 17, 200, 723 93.08 80. 21 57.48 64. 75 Nevada - - 2, 039, 602 2, 170, 283 1, 926, 408 2, 131, 522 136. 18 132. 36 117. 90 128. 11 New Hampshire.... 6, 119, 532 6, 440, 747 5, 489, 053 5, 803, 714 92. 77 93. 85 79. 67 84.63 New Jersey . 82, 801, 149 87, 456, 888 71, 789, 161 74, 058, 972 124. 90 126. 39 102. 53 108.33 New Mexico _ 5, 884, 701 6,014,045 5, 289, 343 5, 905, 522 77. 21 71.89 60. 18 63.16 New York.. . 256, 705, 491 272,923,414 250, 032, 878 267, 883, 034 137. 55 139.38 124. 13 134. 13 North Carolina . 28, 830, 362 25, 083, 394 18, 296, 364 23, 638, 225 42. 85 34.44 24. 18 31.11 North Dakota _ 14, 794, 184 12,117,315 9, 138, 349 9, 503, 965 99. 55 83.77 67.32 75.46 Ohio . . 109, 213, 169 98, 506, 523 86, 292, 654 96. 416, 743 95. 69 83. 56 72. 51 82.42 Oklahoma _ 30, 780, 341 27, 303, 446 21, 499, 759 21, 547, 155 65.48 55. 35 43. 70 43.33 Oregon . . 16, 030, 009 15, 064, 041 11, 661, 899 12, 730, 206 103. 31 76.38 68.90 77.83 Pennsylvania . 145, 861, 417 149, 498, 036 133, 057, 357 139, 438, 046 87. 81 86. 14 75.04 79. 70 Rhode Island. . 9, 821, 214 10, 424, 854 9, 415, 674 9, 933, 407 95.74 98. 35 86. 97 95. 03 South Carolina . 13, 933, 522 11, 002, 230 10, 280, 279 11, 788, 357 39. 98 29.44 27. 14 32.01 South Dakota . . 13, 219, 921 12,489,037 8, 492, 846 10, 966, 969 95. 36 90. 85 62.29 85. 70 Tennessee . 20, 560, 079 19, 723, 214 17, 704, 563 18, 423, 552 42. 66 39. 21 34. 62 35.81 Texas . 58, 597, 695 60, 808, 246 50, 070, 685 59, 509, 582 54. 57 57.49 46.63 55.15 Utah . 9, 052, 640 8, 213, 259 7. 464, 375 8, 412, 213 75. 08 64. 50 58. 71 67. 07 Vermont. . . . 4, 883, 970 4, 443, 823 3,498,209 3,907,090 84.24 76. 40 59. 76 65. 55 Virginia . 20, 026, 944 19, 955, 247 18, 261, 378 19, 013, 524 44.25 41.35 37. 51 38.92 Washington _ 27, 976, 728 26, 630, 775 19, 622, 984 23, 545, 936 100. 45 92.56 69. 16 85.33 West Virginia . 25, 265, 495 23, 461, 879 18, 284, 495 22, 835, 851 72. 16 63. 82 48.54 57.93 Wisconsin . 44, 566, 798 44, 168, 709 37, 177, 937 41, 303, 965 94. 17 86. 56 71.99 80.87 Wyoming . . . 6, 137, 422 5, 475, 079 4, 181,912 4, 726, 453 128. 59 114. 89 88.70 101. 62 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska 672, 167 21,434 470, 179 64, 681 5, 398, 170 11, 047, 280 5, 246, 874 102, 164 132. 19 11.22 79. 00 15. 26 67. 29 10.03 23.41 37. 33 American Samoa Canal Zone Guam r Hawaii Philippine Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands l i 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 converting these average annual costs into costs per day, the average daily costs per pupil in attendance, based on current expenses plus interest, in 1936, was 46 cents; in 1934, 43 cents; in 1932, 51 cents; and in 1930, 53 cents. For these 4 years in the order named, the cost per day per pupil in average daily attendance for capital outlay was 4.4, 1.5, 5.5, and 10 cents. The average annual cost per pupil in attendance for current ex¬ penses in 1936 ranged from $27.15 in Arkansas to $146.90 in New York. In effect, this means that New York spent annually approxi¬ mately five times as much per pupil as Arkansas. In 11 States this annual cost per pupil was less than $50; in 12 States, from $50 to $75; in 17 States, from $75 to $100; and in 8 States and the District of Columbia, more than $100. (Figure 9.) It is evident that there are marked variations among the States in the average annual cost per pupil. No doubt the variations among school districts of a given State are just as marked, if not even more marked. From 1934 to 1936 the cost per pupil in average daily attendance in the United States was increased 10 percent, although this cost was 14.3 percent less than that of 1930. With the exception of Alabama and Oklahoma, the per capita cost in 1936 in the States and the Dis¬ trict of Columbia represented an increase over that of 1934. With the per capita cost of 1934 as a base, this increase ranged from 0.3 percent in Missouri to 37.6 percent in South Dakota. In 22 States this increase ranged from 10 to 20 percent; in 4 States from 20 to 30 percent, and in 2 States it exceeded 30 percent. From 1930 to 1936, the per capita cost was decreased for the Nation by 14.3 percent with the decrease ranging from 0.7 percent in Rhode Island to 33.8 per¬ cent in Oklahoma. In 17 States this decrease in per capita cost exceeded 20 percent. For this 6-year period only 3 States, namely, Delaware, Florida, and Texas, reported increases. In Delaware, this increase was 5.5 percent; in Florida, 6.5 percent; and in Texas, 1.1 percent. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 Table XI.— PERCENTAGE COMPARISON OF CURRENT EXPENSE AND ANNUAL COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, EXCLUDING INTEREST, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE OF CURRENT EXPENSE PERCENT INCREASE OR DECREASE OF ANNUAL COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTEND¬ ANCE State 1932 1934 1936 1936 1932 1934 1936 1936 over over over over over over over over 1930 1930 1930 1934 1930 1930 1930 1934 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental C. S - -2.2 -17.8 -10.1 +9.3 -6.5 -22.2 -14 3 +10.1 Alabama . -10.2 -13.4 -12.4 +1.2 -16.4 -19.3 -12.2 -5.3 Arizona.. . -2.1 -28.7 -19.9 +12.4 -8.1 -29.3 -23.8 +7.8 Arkansas . . -13.1 -29.3 -20.3 +12.8 -15.2 -32.7 -26.8 +8.6 California . +3.0 -10.9 -4.3 +7.5 -3.3 -17.6 -13.3 +5.3 Colorado . -4.4 -27.3 -22.7 +6.2 -8.4 -29.3 -21.3 +11.4 Connecticut . +5.6 -16.7 -10.7 +7.2 +1.6 -19.9 -11.5 +10.5 Delaware . . . +12.8 +7.0 +15.4 +7.9 +5.5 -2.4 +5.5 +8.1 District of Columbia . +3.6 -9.4 +10.1 +21.5 -3.7 -19.0 -7.8 +13.8 Florida . +2.3 -9.7 +22.2 +35.3 -6.7 -19.5 +6.5 +32.3 Georgia . +.7 -2.7 +4.7 +7.6 -5.3 -11.1 -6.1 +5.6 -8.8 -30.7 -17.3 +19.3 -11.9 -34.3 -20.3 +21.2 Dlinois . . . -5.2 -25.6 -19.4 +8.3 -7.0 -23.8 -16.1 +10.1 Indiana . _ —5.9 —28. 1 —21.6 +8.9 —13.6 —34.3 -24.6 +14.8 Iowa - - - -8.3 -30.5 -25.0 +7.9 -10.9 -31.9 -24.0 +11.6 Kansas _ —12. 1 -34.7 —29. 1 +8.4 —16.5 -35.1 -27.8 +H.4 Kentucky . -4.5 -21.3 -3.2 +23.0 -10.8 -27.2 -14 5 +18.4 Louisiana . -1.5 -18.2 -2.9 +18.6 -7.0 -25.3 -11.7 +18.1 Maine . +2.0 -19.1 -15.0 +5.1 -3.6 -25.5 -21.0 +6.0 Maryland . +4.3 -8.3 +.7 +9.8 -1.5 -14.4 -6.7 +8.9 Massachusetts . -.9 -9.4 -3.0 +7.3 -41 -12.7 -4 6 +9.2 Michigan . -11.7 -37.8 -28.0 +15.8 -13.9 -41.0 -31.3 +16.5 Minnesota . . . -1.6 -22.1 -13.6 +10.8 -5.4 -25.8 -14 9 +14.7 Mississippi _ -39.6 -32.3 -20.4 +17.5 -38.7 -34.8 -30.5 +17.5 Missouri... . . . +4.1 -9.0 -11.8 -3.1 -.4 -14.2 -14.0 +• 3 Montana . . -8.1 -27.4 -16.0 +15.8 -10.1 -27.8 -12.2 +21.5 Nebraska _ _ -6.3 -33.9 -28.7 +7.9 -13.8 -38.2 -30.4 +12.6 Nevada . +6.4 -5.5 +4.5 +10.6 -2.8 -13.4 -5.9 +8.7 New Hampshire . +5.2 -10.3 -5.2 +5.7 +1.2 -14.1 -8.8 +6.2 New Jersey. . +5.6 -13.3 -10.6 +3.2 +1.2 -17.9 -13.3 +5.7 New Mexico.. . . . +2.2 -10.1 +.4 +11.6 -6.9 -22.1 -18.2 +5.0 New York . +6.3 -2.6 +4 4 +7.1 +1.3 -9.8 -2.5 +8.1 North Carolina _ -13.0 —36.5 -22.0 +29.2 -19.6 -43.6 -27.4 +28.7 North Dakota . . . -18.1 -38.2 -35.8 +4.0 -15.9 -32.4 -24.2 +12.1 Ohio... . -9.8 -21.0 -11.7 +11.7 -12.7 -24.2 -13.9 +13.7 Oklahoma . . -11.3 -30.2 -30.0 +.2 -15.5 -33.3 -33.8 -.8 Oregon . -6.0 -27.2 -20.6 +9.2 -26.1 -33.3 -24 7 +13.0 Pennsylvania . +2.5 -8.8 -4.4 +4.8 -1.9 -14.5 -9.2 +6.2 Rhode Island. . . +6.1 -4.1 +1.1 +5.5 +2.7 -9.2 -.7 +9.3 South Carolina . -21.0 -26.2 -15.4 +14.7 -26.4 -32.1 -19.9 +17.9 South Dakota —5. 5 —35.8 -17.0 +29.1 -4.7 -34.7 -10. 1 +37.6 Tennessee . -4.1 -13.9 -10.4 +4.1 -8.2 -18.8 -16.1 +3.4 Texas . +3. 8 -14.6 +1.6 +18.9 +5.4 -14.6 +1.1 +18.3 Utah . . -9.3 -17.5 -7.1 +12.7 -14. 1 -21.8 -10.7 +14.2 Vermont . . -9.0 -28.4 -20.0 +11.7 -9.3 -29. 1 -22.2 +9.7 Virginia . -.4 -8.8 -5.1 +4.1 -6.6 -15.2 -12.0 +3.8 Washington . . . . . -4.8 -29.8 -15.8 +20.0 -7.9 -31.1 -15.1 +23.4 West Virginia . . . -7.1 -27.6 -9.6 +24.9 -11.6 -32.8 -19.7 +19.3 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ -.9 -16.6 -7.3 +11.1 i -8.1 -23.6 -14. 1 +12.3 Wyoming . . . . -11.1 | -31.9 -23.0 + 13.0 -10.7 -31.0 -21.0 +14.6 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 State -4< S. Dak. . 37-6 ria . 32.3 H. C.... 28.7 Kaeb _ 23.* Mont.... 21.5 Idaho. .. 21.2 *. Va... 19.3 KT . 18.4 Texaa. . . 18.3 La . 18.1 S C.... 17.9 Mias.... 17.5 Mlob. ... 16.5 Ind . 14.8 Minn. . . . 14.7 ■yo . 14.6 Utah.... 14.2 D. C _ 13.8 Ohio.... 13.7 Oreg. . . . 13.0 Sebr. . . . 12.6 Mia . 12.3 I. Dak.. 12.1 Iowa.... 11.6 Kana.. . . 11.4 Colo. . . . 11.4 Oonn. . . . 10.5 Ill . 10.1 Vt . 9-7 R. I.... 9.3 Maee. . . . 9.2 Md . «.9 Bet . 8.7 Ark . 8.6 Del . 8.1 H. T _ 8.1 Aria.... 7.8 H. H _ 6.2 Pa . 6.2 Me . 6.0 N. J _ 5-7 Oa . 5-6 Calif... 5-3 H. Mes. . 5.0 Va . 3.8 Tenn. . . . 3.4 Mo . • 3 Okla. . . . - .8 Ala . -5-3 U. S.... 10.1 — — — ■■■■ Oecreasellncrease • -20 -10 0 10 Figure 8. — Percentage increase or decrease in per capita costs for current expense, by State, from 1934 to 1936. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 Costs per pupil in average daily attendance for current expenses are given by types of school organization for States that supplied appro¬ priate pupil data and necessary cost figures. In 1936 the average cost per elementary pupil in attendance for 25 States reporting such data was $56.39 with the range in these States from $18.76 in Arkansas to $114.52 in Nevada. In 4 States this annual cost was less than $30, and in 17 States less than $75. In the Canal Zone, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico this annual cost was $55.67, $61.63, and $21.01. The average annual cost per junior high school pupil for the 9 States re¬ porting was $88.97 with the range in these States from $44.88 in Arkansas to $123.21 in New Jersey. The average annual cost per pupil in attendance in junior-senior high schools for 8 States was $60.57 with the range from $33.61 in Arkansas to $116.69 in New Jersey; in senior high schools (separately organized) for 7 States, $98.05 with a range from $42.87 in Arkansas to $129.36 in North Dakota; and in regular 4-year high schools for 22 States, $109.58 with the range from $53.44 in Arkansas to $152.70 in Nevada and $168.71 in the District of Columbia. SCHOOL PROPERTY Value oj school property. — In the 48 States and the District of Co¬ lumbia the value of school buildings and sites in 1936 was $5,592,- 173,412, and the value of equipment, including furniture, laboratory apparatus, libraries, etc., was $560,880,675, or a total value of property used for school purposes of $6,731,324,741, including undistributed items. This represents an increase of $106,553,535, or 1.6 percent over the value reported in 1934. In 1936 the average value, per pupil enrolled, of school property in continental United States was $255 ranging from $75 per pupil in Georgia to $443 in Delaware and $468 in the District of Columbia. In 3 States and the District of Columbia the average value of school property per pupil enrolled was more than $400; in 7 States, from $300 to $399; in 20 States, from $200 to $299; in 12 States, from $100 to $199; and in 6 States this average value per pupil w'as less than $100 (table 17). The median of the State averages was $266. Number oj school buildings. — The number of school buildings re¬ ported for 1936 was 238,867, which was 4,062 less than in 1934 and 7,074 less than in 1932. Of the 238,867 school buildings reported as being used in 1936, 132,813, or 55.6 percent, were one-room build¬ ings. This represents a reduction of 5,729 in the number of one- room buildings since 1934 and a reduction of 10,632 since 1932. During the 6-year period since 1930, the number of one-room school buildings was reduced 15,899. The number of one-room schools in the States ranges from 52 in Rhode Island to 9,925 in Illinois. The States reporting more than 5,000 one-room schools are: Michigan, 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Figure 9.— Per capita cost per pupil in average daily attendance for current expenses, by State, 1935-36. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 5,124; Kentucky, 5,537; Pennsylvania, 5,855; Nebraska, 5,958; Wisconsin, 6,529; Kansas, 6,777; Minnesota, 6,797; Missouri, 7,357; Iowa, 9,115; and Illinois, 9,925. The following distribution shows the number of States having certain specified percentages of their schools as one-room schools: Number of Number of Percent States Percent States 0-9.9 _ _ 2 50-59.9 _ _ 4 10-19.9 _ _ 4 60-69.9 _ _ 9 20-29.9 _ _ 5 70-79.9 _ _ 9 30-39.9 _ _ 4 80-89.9 _ _ 1 40-49.9 _ _ 11 90-99.9 _ SCHOOL DEBT _ 0 The total amount of bonds outstanding and other forms of indebted¬ ness reported in 1936 was $3,043,125,380 in contrast to $3,020,511,250 in 1934 and $3,121,538,276 in 1932. Previous to 1936 a larger number of the States reported indebtedness for cities only, with a result that comparisons based on the data for the three 2-year periods are not entirely accurate but probably reveal trends. The average amount of indebtedness outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance in the Nation in 1936 was $136.47; in 1934, $134.49; and in 1932, $140.32. This outstanding indebtedness per pupil ranged from $18.99 in Mississippi to $303.89 in New York. In 12 States this outstanding indebtedness per pupil exceeded the average for the United States. In 9 States this debt per pupil was less than $50. Interest payments on indebtedness in 1936 amounted to $132,- 983,153, which was $4,053,372, or 3 percent, less than in 1934. When converting these interest payments into cost per pupil in average daily attendance, this cost in 1936 for the United States was $5.96 in contrast to $6.10 and $6.30 for 1934 and 1932, respectively. Interest payments per pupil in attendance ranged from $1.33 in Mississippi to $13.27 in New York. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 State 8. Dak... 88.5 Minn . 79.* Wle . 79.2 Mont . 79.1 Iowa . 77.0 Uebr . 75.3 S. Dak... 75.1 Kane . 72.1 Ho . 71.8 Ill . 71.1 Ky . 69-7 vt . 68.8 Me . 67.* V. Hex. . . 65.9 >. Y . 64.6 Rev . 63.8 W. Va _ 62.1 Wyo . 62.1 Mich . 62.0 Colo . 57.7 Ark . 54.4 Or eg . 51.7 Pa . 50.1 R. H . 49.9 Va . 49.2 Miee . 46.1 Oa . 47.4 Del . 45.9 Ale . 45.8 La . 45.2 Idaho. . . . 45.0 Md . *3-7 Okie . 42.6 Term . 4 2.2 Ohio . 39.8 Ind . 39.1 Wash . 34.9 8. C . 33.3 Conn . 25-9 Tla . 25.4 N. C . 24.3 Texas. . . . 22.2 Arir . 20.4 Calif _ 17.4 Mass . 12.8 R. I . 12.2 N. J . 11.0 Vt . 8.3 D. 0 . 1.1 Percent of All Buildings that are One-Room 40 60 SO Figure 10.— Percentage of all school buildings in each State that are one-room, 1935-36. Table XII.— AMOUNT OF SCHOOL DEBT, INTEREST PAYMENTS BY STATES AND BY PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE FOR YEARS GIVEN STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 ◄ Per pupil in average daily attendance CD s 2 * 1.64 7. 74 2.60 9. 53 7. 33 7. 75 1.60 9. 14 2. 17 4. 57 8.59 3.51 5. 67 6. 90 1.40 4.54 1.44 7. 33 2. 75 6.50 5.96 1.33 4.03 2. 56 5.14 CO O 2 2 £ 1.25 8. 33 2. 21 10. 02 7. 26 6. 35 1. 75 7. 41 2. 57 5. 80 8. 04 3.84 5. 43 7.24 1.46 4.78 6. 34 7. 28 3. 15 7. 34 4. 49 .95 3. 72 2.60 2. 99 » PQ 05 CO~ ^4 Of r-4 O H H ** lO t— 1 rH »-T sifli! llsls §1111 sill§ 111 tM 52 05 00 s'iiss iisii tan mm tm ** © O co 2* oo‘-r-r <6 © o S382S S8S82 832885; 2SS3S3 S3* bfl _ a CO 05 2'2'|s'| a'sgsg giro's s's'sss ss§' § 03X3 .9 ® 88823 SS££3 38S&3 J83 Q Ph o s CO gS|3*| S' S' 3 2 S' 8 3 8 3 2 is S' | +•96 Me . 36. 98 ty . 38.29 Ala . 39.03 Vt . 44.76 s. c . 46.88 Del . 50.53 1. Hex . 61.19 Va . 62.43 Tenn . 62.97 Ark . 67.02 Wie . 68.43 La . 70.13 Mass . 70.40 S. H . 73.40 Ind . 76.43 Sana . 78.46 Mont . 79.51 Idaho . 84.81 Mo . 89.85 Wash . 94.23 Utah . 96.55 Iowa . 101.85 E. Dak . 105.56 S. Dak . 107 . 98 Okla . Hl.50 lev . 114.14 Sebr . 115.39 V. C . 118. 50 Oreg . 120.13 wyo . 129-36 Minn . 133.17 Arlz . 134.37 Colo . 144.11 Pa . 157.98 Md . 165.58 Ill . 170.26 Conn . 172.14 Ohio . 173-22 Tla . 184.4? Calif . 199-68 Mich . 201.63 R. I . 270.01 *. J . 294.26 *. T . 303.89 U. 3 . 136.47 School Debt per Pupil In Average Dally Attendance Dollars 250 JOO 350 .Figure 11. — School debt outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance, by State, 1935-36. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 STATISTICS OF NEGRO SCHOOLS In this section data are presented for those States that maintain separate schools for white and Negro pupils. In the following para¬ graphs data are presented to reflect distribution of school population, enrollment, attendance, length of term, pupil-teacher ratio, and other related items. (Tables 31 to 37, inclusive.) School ‘population and enrollment. — Of the total population 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive, in the 17 States and the District of Columbia reporting data on separately maintained schools for white and Negro pupils, 9,239,000, or 75.8 percent, and 2,946,200, or 24.2 percent, were white and Negro children, respectively. During the period from 1930 to 1936 these approximate ratios of 75 percent and 25 percent were maintained. In 1936 the number of white children enrolled in school was 7,774,648 and the number of Negro children, 2,438,981. The ratio of enrollment in public schools to population was 84.2 for white and 82.8 for Negro pupils. In contrast, it must be noted that in 1930 the corresponding ratios were 89.4 and 78.6 percent. During this 6-year period, it is apparent that there was a reduction in the ratio for white and an increase in the ratio for Negro pupils. Figures revealing white and Negro school population, enrollment in the elementary and secondary schools, and number of teaching positions, including principals and supervisors, are shown below for 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936. 1930 1932 1934 1936 White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Population 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive. . . 8, 328, 914 2, 902, 657 9, 174, 600 2,903,700 9,262,600 2, 904, 100 9, 239, 000 2, 946, 200 Percent of school population. 74.2 25.8 76.0 24.0 76.1 23.9 75.8 24.2 Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools _ 7, 444, 731 2, 282, 578 7, 562, 872 2, 353, 320 7, 648, 815 2, 430, 098 7, 774, 648 2, 438, 981 Ratio of enrollment in pub¬ lic school to school popu¬ lation _ _ 0. 894 0.786 0.824 0. 810 0.826 0.837 0.842 0.828 Number of teaching posi¬ tions, supervisors, and principals . . . . 215, 472 51, 455 234, 958 54, 242 230, 327 55,200 247,628 58,858 In 1930 there were enrolled in the kindergarten and elementary school grades 2,169,992 Negro pupils; in 1932, 2,217,339; in 1934, 2,266,913; and in 1936, 2,250,045. The number of Negro children enrolled in the kindergarten and elementary school grades in 1936 was less than that of 1934 by 0.7 percent; exceeded that of 1932 by 1.5 percent; and exceeded that of 1930 by 3.7 percent. In 1930 the number of Negro pupils enrolled in the secondary school grades was 112,586; in 1932, 135,981; in 1934, 163,185; and in 1936, 188,936. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 During this 6-year period there has been a consistent increase in the enrollment of Negroes in the secondary school grades. Of the total enrollment in the Negro schools in 1936, 92.3 percent was in the kindergarten and elementary grades and 7.7 percent in high-school grades. In the white schools of the 17 States and the District of Columbia considered, 80.4 percent of the total enrollment was in the kindergarten and elementary grades and 19.6 percent in the high-school grades. When considering the distribution of Negro pupils by grades, it is noted that the proportion of the total enrollment in the first grade decreased from 34.4 percent in 1930 to 30.1 percent in 1936. It must be noted, also, that during this 6-year period there was a reduction in the proportion of the total enrollment of white children in the first grade with a decrease from 19.1 percent in 1930 to 15.8 percent in 1936. In 1936, 30.1 percent of the Negro enrollment and 15.8 percent of the white enrollment was in the first grade. The percentage distribution in the 17 States and the District of Columbia of white and Negro pupils by grades for 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 are shown below for elementary and secondary schools. Grade WHITE NEGEO 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Elementary: Kindergarten _ 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 First.. . 19. 1 17.7 16.6 15.8 34.4 33.5 32.8 30.1 Second.. . . 11.8 11.7 11.0 10.9 14.7 14.2 13.8 13.8 Third . . 11.5 11.2 11.0 10.7 12.8 12.6 12.5 12.5 Fourth . . . 10.7 10.7 10.8 10. 5 11.3 11.1 11. 1 11.3 Fifth . 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.0 8.9 9.0 8.9 9.3 Sixth . 8.8 8.7 8.8 9.2 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.4 Seventh _ 7.6 7.6 8.2 8.3 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.6 Eighth . 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 Secondary: First . 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.7 2. 1 2.3 2.7 3.1 Second . . 4.4 4.8 5.0 5.3 1.3 1. 6 1.8 2. 1 Third . 3.3 3.8 4. 1 4. 1 .9 1. 1 1.2 1.5 Fourth . . . . . 2.5 3.0 3.3 3.4 .6 .8 .9 1.0 Postgraduate . . .1 .1 Total... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Attendance and length oj term. — The number of Negro children in average daily attendance in the 18 States in 1936 was 1,885,690; in 1934, 1,893,995; in 1932, 1,802,846; and in 1930, 1,645,518. From 1934 to 1936 this represents a decrease of 8,205, or 0.4 percent, but from 1930 to 1936, an increase of 240,172, or 14.6 percent. During the latter 6-year period, the number of Negro children enrolled in school increased 156,403, or 6.9 percent. In contrast, the enrollment and the average daily attendance of white children in these States increased 4.4 percent and 4.6 percent, respectively. The average number of days attended by each Negro pupil enrolled in these 18 States in 1936 was 113; in 1934, 111; in 1932, 103; and in 1930, 97. The average number of days attended by each pupil 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 enrolled in the white schools in 1936 was 136; in 1934, 134; in 1932, 133; and in 1930, 128. In 1936, 81 out of each 100 white pupils and 77 out of each 100 Negro pupils were in attendance daily. In 1930, 79 percent of the white and 73 percent of the Negro children enrolled were in attendance daily. The proportion of Negro pupils enrolled in average daily attendance in 1936 ranged from 72 percent in South Carolina to 90 percent in West Virginia; in contrast, the proportion of white pupils ranged from 76 percent in Oklahoma and Mississippi to 88 percent in West Virginia. The average length of school term for white and Negro schools was 167 and 146 days in 1936; 164 and 142 days in 1934; 164 and 135 days in 1932; and 162 and 132 days in 1930. in 1936 the average length of the school term for Negro schools in 6 States was less than the average for the 18 States. Pupil-teacher ratio. — In 1936 the 2,282,578 Negro pupils in the 17 States and the District of Columbia maintaining separate schools, were accommodated by 58,858 teachers, principals, and supervisors. This represents an average of 41.4 Negro pupils enrolled per teaching position in contrast to an average of 31.4 white pupils. The average number of pupils enrolled per teacher in the 17 States and the District of Columbia ranged from 29.6 in West Virginia to 50 in Mississippi for Negro pupils and from 26.8 in Delaware to 35.5 in North Carolina for white pupils. In that year the pupil-teacher ratio for Negroes was less than 30 in 1 State, from 30 to 39.9 in 10 States and the District of Columbia, and from 40 to 49.9 in 5 States, and 50 in 1 State, namely, Mississippi. The pupil-teacher ratios by States for the 17 States and the District of Columbia reporting are shown below for white and Negro pupils for 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936. State 1 Alabama... . Arkansas . Delaware... . District of Columbia. Florida . . Georgia... . Kentucky . Louisiana . Maryland . Mississippi _ _ Missouri . . North Carolina _ Oklahoma . . South Carolina . Tennessee . Texas . Virginia . . West Virginia _ WHITE NEGRO 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 2 3 4 5 1 6 : 8 9 33.2 36.9 34.7 32.6 46.1 47.5 48.9 45.8 33. 1 36.6 36.7 34.4 43.9 44.8 46.5 45.7 29.3 28.7 28.4 26.8 ! 33.2 32.9 32.6 31.1 29.2 31.9 32.6 31.8 31.0 34.6 35.9 34.4 29.4 31.4 33.5 29.9 39.8 39.3 40.2 35.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 32.2 46.0 47.6 48.0 44.0 38.7 28.1 37.0 33.7 34.9 30.4 34.2 34. 1 30.4 31.0 31.9 29.5 51.8 50.4 51.0 48.6 31.1 32.2 28.8 33.4 34.6 35.4 37.9 35.8 32.9 29.9 40. 1 34.7 49.4 50.5 50.1 50.0 27.0 27.7 29. £ 27.5 28.7 30.0 33.7 33.2 34.7 36.5 38.2 35.5 44. 1 43.9 44.0 39.5 34.6 37.4 33.7 34.9 33.2 33.5 39.9 31.0 27.9 29.7 31.0 29.3 49.0 48.7 49.4 44.3 31.9 32.2 33.1 32.8 51.1 39.7 40.5 39.4 36.2 30.0 30.2 28.3 39.6 41.2 39.6 37.6 32.3 33.0 33.9 33. 1 40.4 40.9 41.4 39. 1 25.8 32.6 28.4 25.7 26.8 29.6 34.5 32.2 32.2 31.4 44.4 43.4 44.0 41.4 Average. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 SOME URBAN AND RURAL SCHOOL STATISTICS It is recognized that many of the State departments of public in¬ struction, in compiling educational statistics, do not separate urban and rural; or, if they do, they use a variety of bases in classifying or separating these communities. Other difficulties encountered in an attempt to segregate data from urban and rural school districts are that boundaries of the former often extend beyond the municipal boundaries to include rural territory; that pupils from nonurban territory attend schools in city districts as nonresidents; and that in a few States it is practically impossible to separate urban and rural school data, because for educational purposes cities and towns are integral parts of larger subdivisions of the State, such as the county serving as the basic unit of school administration. Table XIII.— COMPARISON OF URBAN AND RURAL DAY SCHOOLS, 1935-36 SCHOOLS Continental United States Urban Rural 1 2 3 4 Population, 1930 . . 122, 775, 046 31, 571, 322 68, 954, 823 15, 685, 345 53, 820, 223 15, 885, 977 Population, 5-17 years (both inclusive), 1930 . Number of school buildings . 238, 867 27, 556 211,311 Number of teaching positions: 1 Men . 176, 394 68, 306 108, 088 Women . 681, 540 322, 986 358, 554 Total . . . 857,934 391,292 466,642 Percent of men teachers . 20.6 17.5 23.2 Enrollment: Boys . 13, 403, 957 6, 723, 168 6, 680, 789 Girls . 12, 963, 141 6, 527, 531 6, 435, 610 TotaL . 26, 367,098 13,250,699 13,116,399 Aggregate days’ attendance. . 3, 857, 043, 208 2, 071, 470, 104 1, 785, 573, 104 Average daily attendance . . . 22, 298, 767 11, 406, 380 10, 892, 387 Average personnel to a school building: Teaching positions (including supervisors and prin¬ cipals) . . . 3.7 14.9 2.3 Number of pupils... . . . 110.4 480.9 62.1 Number of pupils enrolled per teaching position . 29.5 32.2 27.2 Average length of school term . 173.0 181.6 163.9 Number attending daily for each 100 enrolled . 84.6 86.1 83.0 Number of days attended by each pupil enrolled . 146.3 156.3 131.6 Supervisors, principals, and teachers: Number of positions . . . . . . 893, 347 411, 297 482, 050 Total salary . . . $1, 146, 460, 400 $747, 683, 468 $398, 776, 932 Average salary . . $1, 283 $1,818 $827 Current expense less interest: Total amount . . . $1, 656, 798, 938 $1, 033, 504, 482 $623, 294, 456 Per pupil in average daily attendance . $74. 30 $90. 61 $57. 22 Interest payments: Total amount . . . . $132, 983, 153 $96, 639, 205 $36, 343, 948 Per pupil in average daily attendance . $5. 96 $8. 47 $3.34 Capital outlay: Total amount . . . $171, 321, 674 $90,288, 617 $81, 397, 246 Per pupil in average daily attendance . . . . $7.68 $7. 92 $7. 47 Total expenditures less bond and short-time loan pay¬ ments: Total amount . . . $1, 968, 898, 198 $1, 234, 741, 277 $734, 156, 921 Per unit of population . $15. 33 $17. 91 $13. 64 Indebtedness: Total amount _ _ _ _ _ $3, 043, 125, 380 $2, 120, 322, 607 $922, 802, 773 Per pupil in average daily attendance . $136 $186 $85 Estimated value of property: Total amount _ _ $6, 731, 324, 741 $4, 707, 831, 491 $2, 023, 493, 250 Per pupil enrolled . . . $255 $355 $154 1 Supervisors and principals not included where given separately. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 For statistical purposes, incorporated places having a population of 2,500 or more are classed by the Bureau of the Census and the Office of Education as urban, and the remainder of the country is classed as rural. Since for 1935-36 practically all cities with a popu¬ lation of 2,500 or more furnished school statistics to this Office, the respective State totals and the corresponding national totals for urban areas are readily obtained. The collection of accurate educational statistics for rural areas is practically impossible. By subtracting the aforementioned State and national totals for city school districts from the statistics of urban and rural communities combined, as reported by the several State departments of education, it is possible, however, to obtain fairly accurate and complete statistics for the remainder of the country generally classed as rural. The data appearing in tables 38 to 43, inclusive, and basically considered in these discussions have been derived as indicated and accordingly are to be treated as approximations. Enrollment and attendance. — The total number of children enrolled in the public day schools of the 48 States and the District of Columbia in 1936 was 26,367,098. Of this number 13,250,699, or 50.3 percent, were enrolled in city schools and 13,116,399, or 49.7 percent, in rural schools. The corresponding figures for 1934 were 13,410,172, or 50.8 percent, in city schools and 13,024,021, or 49.2 percent in rural schools. For this 2-year period there was a decrease in city school enrollment of 159,473 and an increase in rural school enrollment of 92,378. For the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 there was an in¬ crease in city school enrollment of 460,676 and in rural school enroll¬ ment of 228,407. The number of pupils in average daily attendance in city schools in 1936 was 11,406,380 and in rural schools 10,892,387. This repre¬ sents a decrease from 1934 of 157,689 in city schools and of 1,734 in rural schools. A comparison of the number of pupils in average daily attendance with the number enrolled shows that 1,844,319 of those enrolled in city schools and 2,224,012 of those enrolled in rural schools were on an average absent from school each day. It should be noted that some State enrollment figures do not exclude duplica¬ tions of pupils that were previously enrolled in other States. In 1936 the percentage of pupils enrolled in city schools who were in attendance daily was 86.1 and in rural schools 83, as compared with 86.2 in city schools and 83.6 in rural schools in 1934 and 84.4 in city schools and 81.5 in rural schools in 1930. A comparison by States of attendance in relation to enrollment shows that in 1936 the percentage of city school pupils in average daily attendance ranged from 75.2 in Nevada to 89.6 in New York, and of rural school pupils from 71.1 in Rhode Island to 93.2 in Ohio and Oregon. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 1. Average Humber of Pupils per School 2. Humber of Pupils Hnrolled per Teacher Kind of Schools Humber of Pupils per School IPO 200 300 4Q0 500 Kind of Schools Humber of Pupils per Teacher 10 20 30 40 Urban Rural 460.9 62.1 Urban Rural 32.3 27.2 3. Average Length of School Term In Days 4. Humber of Days Attended by Each Pupil Enrolled Kind of Schools Length of School Term In Days 0 50 100 150 2Q0 Kind of Schools Humber of Days Attended 5P 100 150 2Q0 Urban Rural 181.6 163.9 Urban Rural 5* Average Salary of Supervisors, Principals, and Teachers 6. Instructional Salaries Salary in Dollars 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 7. Annual Expenditure for Current Expense Millions of dollars 250 500 750 1,000 1,250 8. Annual Expenditure for Interest Urban Schools $1,033,504,482 Rural Schools $ 623,294,456 Urban Schools $96,639,205 Rural Schools $36,343,948 9. Capital Outlay 10. Total Expenditure less Payment of Bonds and Short-time Loans M0 Millions of dollars * 1 250 500 750 1.000 1.250 Urban Schools $90,288,617 Rural Schools $81,397,246. Urban Schools $1,234,741,277 Rural Schools $ 734,156,921 11. Estimated Value of School Property 12. Bonded and Other Forms of Indebtedness 75P 1 2k Urban Schools $4,707,831,491 Rural Schools $2,023,493,250 Urban Schools $2,120,322,607 Rural Schools $ 922,802,773 13. Annual Expenditure for. Current Expenses per Pupil- in. Average Daily Attendance Kind of Schools Urban Rural Current Expenses in Dollars 25 50 75 1Q0 99.08 60.56 Figure 12.— Comparisons of urban and rural schools on 13 items for 1935-36. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Length of school term and days attended. — In the cities of the country the average length of term in 1936 was 181.6 days; in the rural schools the average length of school term was 163.9 days. In 1934 these figures were 181.7 and 160.8. In 1936, the average school term in cities was 2.9 days less than in 1930 and in rural 3.3 greater The following shows the number of States having average city and rural school terms of certain lengths in 1936: Average length of school term in days NUMBER OF STATES Average length of school term in days NUMBER OF STATES By city districts By rural districts 1 By city districts By rural districts 1 190 or more _ 1 150 to 159.9 . 6 180 to 189.9 . 15 5 140 to 149.9 . . 3 170 to 179.9 . 31 23 130 to 139.9 . . . 160 to 169.9 . . . 2 8 120 to 129.9 . 2 » Figures supplied for 47 States. City school pupils, in 1936, attended school 20.2 more days than did rural school pupils, as indicated by the fact that the average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in city schools was 156.3 and by each pupil enrolled in rural schools, 136.1. When com¬ paring these days attended with the respective average lengths of school term, each child enrolled in city schools was absent on an aver¬ age of 25.3 days and each child enrolled in rural schools, 27.8 days. During the 6-year period since 1930 the number of days attended by city school pupils increased from 155.6 to 156.3 and by rural school pupils from 130.5 to 136.1. The following shows, for 1936, the number of States in which pupils in schools of city and rural districts attended a certain number of days : Average number of days attended NUMBER OF STATES Average number of days attended NUMBER OF STATES By city districts By rural districts By city districts By rural districts 170 or more _ _ _ .. 3 120 to 129.9 . 1 4 160 to 169.9 . . . 8 4 110 to 119.9 . 4 150 to 159.9 . . . 23 14 100 to 109.9 . 2 140 to 149.9 . 11 9 Less than 100 _ 1 130 to 139.9 . 6 7 Pupil-teacher ratio. — The total number of teaching positions in 1936 was 411,297 in city schools and 482,050 in rural schools. For the same year the number of pupils per teacher was 32.2 in cities and 27.2 in rural areas. In 9 States, the pupil-teacher ratio in city schools was less than 30 but in no case did this ratio fall below 28; in 32 States, the pupil-teacher ratio in rural schools was less than 30; in 22 States, it was less than 25; and in 10 States it was less than 20. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 Expenditures — In 1936 the current expenses in city schools amounted to $1,033,504,482 and in rural schools to $623,294,456. The current expenses in 1936 for city schools was $65,927,100, or 6.8 percent more than in 1934, and for rural schools, $75,341,640, or 13.7 percent more; for city schools $120,814,432, or 10.5 percent less than in 1932, and for rural schools $32,325,646, or 4.9 percent less. For the 6-year period from 1930 to 1936 there was a decrease in current ex¬ penses of city schools of $55,740,077, or 5.1 percent, and a decrease of rural schools of $131,012,693, or 17.4 percent. In 1936 the cost (including interest) per city school pupil in average daily attendance was $99.08 and per rural school pupil $60.56. The latter was 38.9 percent less than the per capita cost in cities. The following shows the number of States in which the annual per capita cost in city and rural school districts in 1936 fell within certain cost intervals : NUMBER OF STATES j NUMBER OF STATES Annual cost per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance Annual cost per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance By city districts By rural districts ! By city districts By rural districts $100 or more _ _ _ 11 | 10 i $60 to $69.99 . 8 7 $90 to $99.99 . 8 5 $50 to $59.99 . 2 4 $80 to $89.99 6 3 $40 to $49.99 . 5 3 $70 to $79.99 . 7 7 Less than $40. . . 2 9 The city school districts expended $747,683,468 for salaries of 411,297 teachers, principals, and supervisors, and the rural districts; $398,776,932 for 482,050 teachers, principals, and supervisors, with the average annual salary in cities in 1936 as $1,818, and in rural areas, $827. The latter was $991, or 54.5 percent less than the average salary in cities. The following shows, for 1936, the number of States distributed according to the average annual salaries of city and rural teachers, principals, and supervisors. Average annual salary of teachers, principals, and supervisors NUMBER OF STATES Average annual salary of teachers, principals, and supervisors NUMBER OF STATES Bv city districts By rural districts By city districts By rural districts $1,500 or more. __ _ 23 $500 to $699 . 15 $1,000 to $1,499 . _ . 20 16 1 Less than 500 _ _ 2 $700 to $999 . 6 15 School buildings and related items. — The total number of school buildings in 1936 was 238,867 Of this number 27,556 were city schools and 211,311 were rural. Of the total number of buildings reported that year 55.6 percent were 1-room school buildings. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 The average number of pupils to a city school building in 1936 was 480.9 and to a rural building, 62. 1 . In the following States the average number of pupils to a rural school building was fewer than 30 : Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. The estimated value of city school property reported in 1936 was $4,707,831,491, or $355 per pupil enrolled, and of rural school property, $2,023,493,250, or $154 per pupil enrolled. The value of the city school property per pupil ranged from $140 in Georgia to $481 in Delaware; and the value of rural school property ranged from $40 in Tennessee to $406 in Delaware. In 1 1 States rural school property in 1936 was valued at less than $100 per pupil. Table 1.— STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS COMBINED, 1870-1936 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 1936 3 128, 429, 000 31, 618, 000 26, 367,098 6, 974, 537 22, 298, 767 3, 857, 043,208 179, 073 691, 890 870,963 238, 867 $6, 731, 324, 741 $24, 370, 473 1, 330, 401, 986 555, 353, 854 61, 276, 103 <0 © © 171, 321, 674 1, 181, 772, 745 615, 803, 779 1,968,898,198 1934 © 126, 425, 000 32, 392, 749 26, 434, 193 5, 669, 156 22, 458, 190 3, 853, 033, 594 161,949 685, 171 © •*< QO 241, 428 $6, 624, 771, 206 $22, 058, 583 1, 317, 898, 716 402, 500, 724 68, 194, 070 1,810,652,093 59, 276, 555 1, 103, 705, 671 557, 123, 003 1,720, 105,229 1932 o> 124, 822, 000 32, 031, 549 26, 275, 441 5, 140, 021 22, 245, 344 3, 807,940,714 153, 861 717, 746 871,607 245, 941 $6, 581, 539, 756 $28,936, 098 1, 589, 692, 732 384, 799, 151 64, 601, 318 2,008,029,299 210, 996, 262 1,310, 040,500 653, 613, 793 US 1 us I US © us CD P* N 1930 QO 122, 775, 046 31, 571, 322 25, 678, 015 4, 399, 422 21, 264, 886 3, 672, 765, 005 141, 771 712, 492 W CO N IQ QO 247, 289 $6, 211, 327, 040 $27, 516, 517 1, 645, 687, 651 329,312, 434 86, 040, 235 ss QO c $ us i 370, 877, 969 1, 295, 201, 424 650, 710, 991 QO cs © 03 CD CO w 1920 r* 105, 710, 620 27, 728, 788 21, 578, 316 2, 200, 389 16, 150, 035 2, 615, 161, 151 95, 654 583, 648 679, 533 271, 319 $2, 409, 719, 120 $26,036,098 758, 896, 651 134, 278, 753 50, 908, 896 970,120,298 153, 542, 852 613, 404, 578 269, 203, 779 1,036,151,209 1910 cd 91, 972, 266 24, 239, 948 17, 813, 852 3 915, 061 12, 827, 307 2, 011, 477, 065 110, 481 412, 729 O 1 0* eo 0? i 265, 474 $1, 091, 007, 512 $14,096, 555 312, 221, 582 64, 604, 701 42, 140, 859 r- | 03 © ©O © i © co 3 69, 978, 370 253, 915, 170 102, 356, 894 § CD 01 1900 75, 602, 515 21, 404, 322 15, 503, 110 3 519, 251 10, 632, 772 1, 534, 822, 633 126, 588 296, 474 N 1 CD ; © 0S ; N 1 ^ II 248, 279 $550, 069, 217 $9, 152, 274 149, 486,845 37, 886, 740 23, 240, 130 03 1 QO 1 03 | US © oT 1 j 35,450,820 137, 687, 746 41, 826, 052 214,964,618 1890 62, 622, 250 18, 543, 201 12, 722, 631 3 202, 963 8, 153, 635 1, 098, 232, 725 125, 525 238, 397 e* II o* 03 eo © ll 224, 526 $342, 531, 791 $7, 744, 765 97, 222, 426 26, 345, 323 11, 882, 292 CD I © i QO mT I 0S I 26, 207, 041 91,836, 484 22, 463, 190 140,506,715 o 00 00 eo 50, 155, 783 15, 065, 767 9, 867, 395 3 110, 277 6, 144, 143 800, 719, 970 122, 795 163, 798 © US r os 178, 122 $209, 571,718 $55, 942, 972 | QO CD 03 © GO r- 1870 N 38, 558, 371 12, 055, 443 6, 871, 522 3 3 80, 227 4, 077, 347 539, 053, 423 77, 529 122, 986 200,515 116,312 $130, 383, 008 i CO i i co i « i : ci 00 00 «5 >d HP ed * -r « CO CO © o r* 5 eo cm §1 iSiiliiS® II 11 1 s' S S' I' s' g i ec ei ci ci ci ci ci - csggs sssssasssssssss I IS'ls -SM-— — «-• « -H* -T 1932 • WO N 8 Si IS sills!! IS g'l'g iil'g |§! rf ot rf rf ISSS3 «'^odcio-odNed«v» • ESIS* PH -H* « © oo ac e © WO Is IS i 1 s s 1 1 II gillilli gV ^ «“ ef « « §§S?8S SSKSggRSSSSSSB Ilfjlg-' -«S— • 1930 WO © ao r* © o ct IS lllgsil Ii gs'iii'li S-‘ V ef ef « * Ssllll liSSSI CM S23S22SSg^S5S^K NooocdaoPdddMN 1 © © WO GC ac c* wo W IS II si II Is’ 111 |g| -TtjT V ci ci ci ci cm M lilssll ii'i's'lii ci ci * ^ i-T eioPocoixPsicdMN 1928 w» © © © «T s SS Islst ii 15111 -ico Oi ci ci CM „ llllilll I'S'i'i'll'g'i' n cs esT - ~ ^ 2l52iS2^S8Sg2g^ No-joccixxed^MN - 1 £ © - N S © © CM SS gg 22 £ CM CO CCX C4 C SI II II ~co V ci ci CM e. iiiiiilii Slag'il'ig'i e€ «n N IS si I hp r>T ec so ci Oco eo ci CM „ iiililiigl SllSgl'SISi of ei ei of - h « ~ S52S2SSSS2g§g fqdP-ccaPfflid'p'dN | - ci i 05 N © ©* © cm Is il ii 11 ©eo Tf CM eo B8S9SB2S3SS ggiliii'ii's'i' ■ ei ei ®»fscdeioi J ! : : Is • :® : f 1 !j 1 Itiil ©^2 5 , , ; j j m j g | | . I: K ; jM Up. III! 1 J 1 j • • • J J j » • » 1 1 1 1 • • 1 1 1 c£ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O ©X! & .. « i i • • i • i • ,C c/2 © a; 0iii,,i''i©— x — IJ 1 i ! i i i 1 iiiff j 5 i 1 ' 1 ' ' ' • — . £1 . 'mi ii y y i yjiim llilHilllillll w^Es.oQc-jcftixajpHpsioac'rhPH from other years. J The class beginning first year 1925. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 3.— PUPILS ENROLLED IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT DIFFERENT DATES State or outlying part 1870-71 i 1879-80 1889-90 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1935-36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U. S. 7,561,582 9,867,595 12, 722,631 15, 503,110 17,813,852 21,578,316 15, 678,015 26,367,098 141,312 179, 490 301,615 376, 423 424,611 569, 940 622, 988 677, 062 4, 212 7, 989 16, 504 31,312 76, 505 103, 806 99, 796 69, 927 81, 972 223, 071 314, 662 395, 978 483, 172 456, 185 460, 869 91,332 158, 765 221, 756 269, 736 368, 391 696, 238 1, 068, 683 1, 140, 427 4, 357 22, 119 65, 490 117, 555 168, 798 220, 232 240, 482 239, 747 Connecticut . . 113, 5?8 119, 694 126, 505 155, 228 190, 353 261, 463 319, 453 320,888 Delaware . . . 20, 058 27, 82c 31,434 36, 895 35, 950 38. 483 42, 360 46, 100 District of Columbia. . 15, 157 26, 439 36, 906 46, 519 55, 774 65, 298 80, 965 99, 807 14, 000 39, 315 92, 472 108, 874 148, 089 225, 160 346, 434 385, 763 49, 578 236, 533 381, 297 482, 673 555, 794 690, 918 713, 290 748, 537 Idaho . 906 5, 834 14,311 36, 669 76, 168 115, 192 120,947 121, 045 672, 787 704, 041 778, 319 958,911 1, 002, 687 1, 127, 560 1, 395, 907 1, 327, 269 Indiana _ 450, 057 511, 283 512, 955 564, 807 531, 459 566, 288 667, 379 691,444 Iowa _ 341, 938 426, 057 493, 267 566, 223 510, 661 514, 521 554, 655 538, 003 Kansas - - 89, 777 231, 434 399, 322 389, 582 398, 746 406,880 431, 166 414, 275 Kentucky . 178, 457 i 276, 000 399, 660 500, 294 494,863 535, 332 588, 354 628, 101 Louisiana. . 57, 639 77, 642 120, 253 196, 169 263, 617 354, 079 434, 557 465, 594 Maine _ _ _ 152, 600 149, 827 139, 676 130, 918 144, 278 137,681 154, 455 166, 507 Maryland . 115, 683 162, 431 184, 251 222, 373 238, 393 241, 618 277, 459 298, 157 Massachusetts _ 273, 661 306, 777 371, 492 474, 891 535, 869 623, 586 759, 492 773, 239 Michigan . 292, 466 362, 556 427, 032 504, 985 541, 501 691, 674 970, 582 963, 527 Minnesota . . 113, 983 180, 248 280, 960 399, 207 440, 083 503, 597 551, 741 549, 129 Mississippi . . . 117, 000 236, 654 334, 158 386, 507 469, 137 i 412, 670 595, 449 608, 036 Missouri . . . 330, 070 482, 986 620, 314 719,817 707, 817 672, 483 656, 073 711, 256 Montana . 1,657 4, 270 16, 980 39,430 66, 141 126, 576 120, 337 113, 762 Nebraska _ _ 23, 265 92, 549 240, 300 288, 227 i 281, 375 311,821 325, 216 307, 975 Nevada _ 3, 106 9, 045 7, 387 6, 676 i 10, 200 14, 114 18, 041 19, 720 New Hampshire.. . 71, 957 64, 341 59, 813 65, 688 63, 972 64, 205 74, 240 78, 441 New Jersey . . . . 169, 430 204, 961 234, 072 322, 575 429, 797 594, 780 792, 012 809, 078 New Mexico _ 1, 320 4, 755 18, 215 36, 735 56,304 81, 399 102, 084 99, 207 New York . . . 1, 028, 110 1, 031, 593 1, 042, 160 1, 209, 574 1, 422, 969 1,719,841 2, 141, 479 2, 288, 042 North Carolina . . 115, 000 252, 612 322, 533 400, 452 520, 404 691, 249 866, 939 888, 775 North Dakota . 1,660 13,718 35, 543 77, 686 139,802 168,283 169, 277 155, 035 Ohio . . 719 372 729, 499 797, 489 829, 160 838, 080 1, 020, 663 1, 277, 636 1, 289, 337 Oklahoma _ 99, 602 422, 399 589, 282 682, 650 658, 049 Oregon . . 21,000 37, 533 63, 254 89, 405 118, 412 151, 028 202, 595 188, 361 Pennsylvania . 834, 614 937, 310 1, 020, 522 1,151,880 1, 282, 965 1, 610, 459 1, 937, 433 2, 006, 097 Rhode Island. . 34, 000 40, 604 52, 774 67, 231 80, 061 93, 501 118, 704 121, 555 South Carolina . 66, 056 134, 072 201, 260 281, 891 340, 415 478, 045 469, 370 477, 915 South Dakota _ (3) (2) 78, 043 98,822 126, 253 146, 955 165, 624 153, 163 Tennessee . . 140, 000 300, 217 447, 950 485, 354 521, 753 619, 852 627, 747 653, 211 Texas . . 63, 504 i 220, 000 466, 872 659, 598 821, 631 1, 035, 648 1, 308, 028 1,364, 627 Utah . . . 16, 992 24, 326 37, 279 73,042 91, 611 117, 406 138, 046 140, 863 Vermont . . 65, 384 75, 328 65, 608 65, 964 66, 615 61, 785 65, 976 68, 060 Virginia . . 131, 088 220, 736 342, 269 370, 595 402, 109 505, 190 562, 956 592, 038 Washington . . 5, 000 14, 780 55, 964 115, 104 215, 688 291, 053 344, 731 335, 750 West Virginia . 76, 999 142, 850 193, 064 232,343 276, 458 346, 256 395, 505 449, 732 Wisconsin . . 265, 285 299, 457 351, 723 445, 142 464, 311 465, 243 564, 022 577, 343 Wyoming... . 450 2, 907 7, 052 14, 512 24, 584 43, 112 54, 505 56, 384 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . . . . 3, 360 3, 436 6, 181 American Samoa _ 2, 123 Canal Zone . . . 3, 486 7, 003 6, 864 Guam . . . . 3,683 4, 384 Hawaii . . 41, 350 71, 657 85, 101 Philippine Islands . 935, 678 1, 121, 233 1, 236, 937 Puerto Rico . . 180, 458 221, 248 256, 352 Virgin Islands _ 3,061 3, 244 1 Estimated. included in North Dakota. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 Table 4 —PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL POPULATION ENROLLED IN SCHOOLS AND RATIO OF ENROLLMENT TO SCHOOL POPULATION OF DIFFERENT DATES Ratio of Number of Children Enrolled in Public Schools to Popu¬ lation 5-17 Years of Age, Inclusive w5® 0. 834 HOOMOO MiOOOO CD CO CO H O CM to CO -*< © to 00 h* 00 O 00 CO 00 00 HONDO NO^OOO iO CO t'- CM CO CM tO 00 ^ CO N H CO rH CO *0 00 00 © © OOOOOOOO ©t^00 00 00 00 00 oo t^ooooooo QOONOOh. H H 1933- 34 § 918 0 .784 .750 .817 .902 .895 .780 .783 1.041 .954 .863 .922 .763 .872 .886 .879 .798 .749 .838 .714 .774 .772 .841 .984 .836 .832 .879 .978 .699 .802 .703 1931- 32 as 0.820 .777 .810 .797 .941 .935 .790 .765 1.008 .940 .834 .931 .789 .868 .900 .881 .808 .731 .819 .707 .771 .808 .843 .945 .795 .843 .903 1.023 .692 .812 .845 SUS. 1929- 30 00 0.813 C3 CMCDtOQOCM WtODtON 05 CJ tO HNOiDO NOHWM ©©©<*< CM © OOOHCON 05 CO *-h *-h 05 to 00 tO O © OOrHOOOOO H-^NOiO C^OOOO n 1^00000505 00 © © 0000051^00 O5O5CD00 0C ^ & 1919- 20 OD © .741 .880 .857 1.025 .950 .803 .733 .843 .826 * .740 .948 .721 .794 .861 .879 .762 .635 .763 .669 .713 .793 .818 3.698 .783 .922 .905 .915 .643 .774 .754 reau of 1909- 10 5D 0.735 B to to h nco ^oor>-tor^ t^cor^^CM toao©rHco cococmcm^ ooiococo CM 04 O 05 0 ^ rH GO CD GO CM 0C 05 COO^OH GO GOO CM r-, NiONOCB cocooot^05 oo co co oot>-i>-oooo t^tooot^t^ i>- oo oo oo oor^cor^to ^ 1899- 1900 o NOJOON lOMOOtOM lOCO-*f-tO l-NCCMN 05 CO rrl o io t' oo r- to to r-t-aooooo NfootON oot^t-oto u, Pi 1889- 90 0. 686 Ut 00 Tt< Tt< CM ONHHtO N O 04 tO CO CD CD 05 rf O to CD CD ^ rH ^ 00 CO CM CO O CM *0 N (N CM CD CO rH GO CM CM © tO 00 iOhiOON CO^O^H to CO rH CM CM H tOtOtONN t^CDCDl>-tO CD GO GO CD CO 00 CD L'* L*. CD ^ q 1879- 80 eo 0. 655 i © CD CM 00 ^ GO O CM CM CM 05 CD Tf< to CM t 05 GO < GO *-« 05 CO 05 00 to t''- CO GO CO H CM C. O CO O N to O Tf D ^ CM CO CO i tO © G© rH GO *0 rH GO CO GO 05 CO D ^tOCOt^CD CD to ^ t^tN-0000t>- 1 CM GO to t^t^COCDCO CD t>- 00 CD rH tuO 1870- 71 Vi \ CO © « i C ^ • CO CD CO CO O CD CM 05 h OCO^tCM i 00 ^ CO N 05 CO O CM 00 O CO CM ^ & O i O CO CM © © »-h rH i-h CCHOO^^ i^t^CDCM C5 »0 O CD O OOrf hcOtJh d • rjH CD 00 to CM rH tJ* GC N 00 | CM CO ^ NN^tON to tO 05 CD O J3 : : - - 2 Percent of Total Population Enrolled in Public Schools 1935- 36 - vt I © l cm 23.6 24.6 22.8 18.8 22.5 18.5 17.8 16.1 23.5 24.5 25.0 16.9 20.0 21.2 22.0 21.8 21.9 19.5 17.8 17.5 20.1 20.8 30.3 18.0 21.4 22.6 19.7 15.4 18.7 23.5 * En 1933- 34 s as | © 1 cm 23.9 20.3 24.3 18. 1 22.6 19.8 20.0 18.9 24.3 26.3 26.4 17.6 21. 1 22.0 22. 1 22.9 21.3 20.7 17.6 18.3 19.2 21.5 29.6 19.6 21.9 22.7 20.6 16.5 19.6 21.2 1931- 32 OS s 1 05 05 05 05 CD DCDMrHtO CD CM © ^ CM CM 05 CM CM © © © t>* rH rf* CO CO 00 ^ CO H CO 00 CO 05 00 00 ^ to CD O0 rH CM CM CO © © 00 ©rHOOOOCM CO H CD 05 to 1 CM CM CM i-t CM h rH h CM CM CM H CM CM CM CM CM CM rH »— i CM CM CM rH CM CM CM pH ih CM 1929- 30 00 as © 23.5 23.8 24.6 18.8 23.2 19.9 17.8 16.6 23.6 24.5 27.2 18.3 20.6 22.4 22.9 22.5 20.7 19.4 17.0 17.9 20.0 21.5 29.6 18.1 22.4 23.6 19.8 16.0 19.6 24.1 for 1919, 1919- 20 © 24.3 22.9 27.6 20.3 23.4 18.9 17.3 14.9 23.2 i 23.9 26.7 17.4 19.3 21.4 23.0 * 22.2 19.7 17.9 16.7 16.2 18.9 21.1 3 23. 1 19.8 23.1 24.1 18.2 14.5 18.8 22.6 figures 1909- 10 CO 19.4 19.9 15.4 25.3 15.5 21.1 17.3 14.3 16.9 19.7 21.3 23.4 17.8 19.7 23.1 23.7 21.7 16.0 19.5 18.4 15.9 19.3 21.2 26.1 21.5 17.6 23.7 11.1 14.9 17.0 17.2 jllment 1899- 1900 iO © CM o Tf o t-oj Ciaoose^e* oooo-hoo a oto^o o *h t> o to o —i oi ed «d to ed oo cd to c 5 cd ed to t^uitdt^ao 93 NrtNHN IH M H M W WHHHH (NINWINH Hhhhh ^ is 20.3 ©^00^© ©l^©©00 © CO T#< oo © tOOOHNCO © OS CM OS l>- rH © CM © 05 CO 05 GO to t>» 00 CD CO © © CO to GO H 6 H N CD O tO CO CM* CM* CD tO CD HHHHH HHHCMCM t-H cm CM CM CM CM r-t CM rH h CM CM CM CM i-H CMHHHH 1879- 80 CO 19.7 CMTfCM^-^ CM © © © CO © © © CM CM NCOH-^CM CM rH © CO © iCO»OH© ’’T © © 00 rH 05 05 ^ to to CM to CD CO CD GO CO CM* CO© CM*© © 00 00 ^ HHHHH HHHHH fH CM CM CM CM rH CM rH rH CM CM CM CM rH CM H H rH 1870- 71 N as . ® It-Oco X00NNH (SOCONM C<»t-CO«OeO O'Ot'MO XOtCM'J' led leduioi odHt^d us to to oo cd cdt^t»"-^cd -t- -e> cd 06 edt^edoort ® IrtrH NHrt (N (N gglsl §ESei SSISI 1SE1 Isis! SlsS © 1929- 30 GO ieSIII liilS ilisi llsl ; il i i ■ c f!S§ © is gllil ScSll aSsSB ssla i il i i i i i • i ■ i i i i i © Is CD SSIsS 8E86B sslll S8S§ MM i i i i © 1899- 1900 2 lisii lllle sills siSs i i i i IN © 1889- 90 3 gSSs i 88SSI 31! il eslS Hi! Hi ° : : 1879- 80 a E15s i fills iiilS SSsiE • S . - . iiii i i i i ! ! I I S i i i 1870- 71 2 I11S ! sslss IIS il llel • ; • v • • • • i • iiii iiii 1935- 36 3 17.7 25.7 22.1 19.2 26.0 18.5 19.8 17.8 25.7 22.1 22.8 22.3 27.3 17.9 22.2 20.4 24.6 19.9 24.2 10.0 19.3 13.7 19.9 21.7 9.3 14.7 14.7 gw 2 1 17.6 27.1 23.4 19.0 25.2 20.4 20.7 17.8 27.8 22.7 24.5 21.6 27.5 18.3 23.9 21.2 24.4 19.4 24.1 T-« © © iO CO r-H CO © © © lO © © © -^ CO 1931- 32 © ©COt^C^CO OJOiOt^ 58328 88588 38828 3323 9.0 19.1 17.9 17.3 20.0 9.7 14.3 14.7 1929- 30 ao OCOOlfUO NHCCOO) ©OC^COIN 05 (N 58328 88588 38828 8823 5.8 18.0 19.4 19.5 9.2 14.3 13.9 1919- 20 r* CO © © f- rH >ONH»OOJ 28828 22288 88828 8828 6.1 "15.3" 16.2 9.0 13.9 1909- 10 CD COI^OOTtiCO ©rHCOI^CO ©00©© 28358 22288 38322 2822 Hi i : : : : : i : : : : ; i i iiii il iQ ©~HCOOi© SOCOt-©© oe'fdo NN*ON 28328 82283 38828 8382 il inil gs 17.4 19.9 19.5 21.7 20.2 19.4 15.3 17.5 23.7 25.3 20.9 17.9 4 19.7 20.7 16.0 25.3 20.9 11.6 1 i iiii 1879- 80 C* 20.3 18.1 10.2 22.8 21.5 21.9 14.7 13.5 (<) 19.5 13.8 16.9 22.6 14.6 19.7 23.1 22.8 14.0 : i iiii i i iiii 1870- 7! W e*ioco»o ! co . ! I t>r j i i IS 1 is i a is s' is ' i ; ii i 1 1-4 ! •a o 1 •§ i ig i 3,457 3, 780 231 64,201 i i j j oo 1 IcT i ! i i of I il d i°° - ; i il ! i«0 ; £ O n GO ii i is i 3, 403 3,414 226 59, 550 i i : : i il i i°°" i : i ■ 1^ J of 1 ii Of i 00 ; !j Junior "3 c Eh r* 104, 757 ill 26, 007 5, 367 19, 053 i i ! j 33, 166 35, 979 37, 714 ill 3 ii sf is i :§ i is' i 1 0 CO 54, 481 isi loo 1 12, 874 2, 689 9, 967 i i 16, 583 17, 869 18, 959 isi ids I :i s' is i il j js“ i £ C PQ 50, 276 ill i sii i i mnoT 1 i i 16, 583 18, 110 18, 755 ill iss 1 is s' is i iE j iff i 1 n o Eh IsilS aSSss slsll IISls Hiss Isiss miti ***** nii§ ***** ssw ***** j Pm ce 1 0 e*> sSlis §SlsM sisli Sllsl EiSIg §l!g§ ***** mm ilia’s ***** ***** mm* £ O PQ w Ssiil ISSSs ilSIS ssSil ISSsl llsss ms* mm mm mm mm* rm State or outlying part - Alabama _ A riTono Arkansas . . California _ Connecticut. _ _ Delaware. . .. . _ District of Columbia _ Florida _ _ \jreorgia..- - - .. Idaho . . Tllinnio Indiana _ _ _ _ Iowa . . . JVclI IT'Clo _ _ Kentucky _ _ Louisiana _ ... Maine _ _ _ Maryland _ -'j 1 § Minnesota. _ _ Mississippi _ Missouri - Montana _ _ _ Nebraska. _ _ i < i I ■at : £ t 1 os c New Jersey _ _ New Mexico _ _ _ basis" high school Table 5b.— PUPILS ENROLLED CLASSIFIED BY ELEMENTARY, JUNIOR, JUNIOR-SENIOR, SENIOR, AND REGULAR HIGH SCHOOLS (EXCLUDING DUPLICATES WITHIN STATES), 1935-36— Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 64 TOTAL 'S o Eh s ISIS! Sllsl sllll §SI1 iis'ii sip's iissl iw C'T r- T t-T 6, 181 2, 123 6,864 4, 384 85, 101 1,236,937 256, 352 3,244 m 5 a sslss IsilS slsll §is§ ll^'I iiH T 2, 976 847 3, 285 2,037 41,030 542, 855 119, 586 1,642 rJi >> O CQ Hill ilSSI SSill iSSS 15-11 »¥«¥- If— i sW r-T H* 3, 205 1,276 3, 579 2. 347 44,071 694, 082 136, 766 1,602 REGULAR AND VOCA- T I 0 N A L HIGH SCHOOLS *3 o s 651, 322 165, 864 31, 376 149, 930 127, 243 44, 736 isiiiissi iis “'S'S' S'l'S'S'S 8" i 2'S 1,292 43 108 2, 118 55,563 10,572 462 (X 3 a 319,713 89, 500 16, 045 74, 982 65, 459 22, 895 111 ISlsIS iss *88" SSfS^S 8 1 40 786 18, 959 5,051 251 CO >> o pq a 331, 609 76, 364 15, 331 74, 948 61, 784 21, 841 2, 758 30, 849 17, 691 44, 230 142, 970 16, 946 6,218 41, 960 34, 415 57, 014 7,227 652 43 68 1,332 36, 604 5, 521 211 REORGANIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Senior 3 S3 i s ii I oeT 1 1 s i £ i 21, 843 82, 882 34, 991 il i s jrH j rtT 3 i j SI s' i 1 i; i ^ i i t>T i 11,041 41,992 17,956 is i 1 i i ^ i j 'Ji >> o = i j 11 s' ill: - i1 ii 10, 802 40, 890 17, 035 il il i i Junior-senior o E-i o ! i 2, 934 130, 622 « o ii j j j i : i g j j i eo 3 » i | ss if jo 1 CO j i i il | | i H 1 1 • GO o PQ x 1 !| ii -3 il i i ;§ J J j H Junior i o r» i i ii is" § il i jsr i II 1 il * j: i§i§ i 2 £gf£ i is i 1 i i s' % 3 CD : : ill s il i iO jr-T j i ii r-T 1( i IS 2 i x j i§ i 1 i : ^ s £ o « i i ; il 3 il i V jjH“ ; 1 2 }' Hill i - Stfsf i i ii iS ; j j j 5 i C*2 o Eh Silsi ili$5 sisii isSi ll§IISgR|S‘S|S31Sli5 M ? rt“ 4,889 2, 080 5, 239 4,276 64, 135 1, 181, 374 245, 780 2,698 CO 3 Issll ggSgg §1111 111! l¥®l¥ 3i»ls' §W 2,336 847 2, 509 1, 997 31, 375 523, 896 114, 535 1, 356 gg CO >> o m 838, 356 365, 040 61, 156 431, 873 273, 423 63, 180 708, 819 39, 962 203,765 59, 953 285, 906 552, 587 43,013 28, 880 245, 414 112, 286 174, 107 197, 863 21, 330 2, 553 1, 233 2, 730 2,279 32, 760 657, 478 131, 245 1, 342 State or outlying part - New York . . North Carolina - North Dakota . . . Ohio _ _ _ _ Oregon . . . . . Pennsylvania . . . Rhode Island _ _ _ South Carolina . . 3 o s i ii Texas _ _ _ Utah . . . . . Vermont . . Virginia . . . . Washington . . West Virginia _ _ Wisconsin . . . . Wyoming _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . American Samoa . . Canal Zone _ _ Guam . Hawaii . . . . pu^Rko!^.::::::::::: j Table 6.— ENROLLMENT OF PUPILS BY GRADES, 1935-36 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 Grand total 2 | I8ISS fills fills Ills! silil s§ss§ mm mu mm mm mm mm ,-T Total r* | iliil sllsl sills Illll slsis Sslil SSSSSf SWISS' SSggg 3SSSS gSSSS' S--8|2 Post¬ gradu¬ ate CD S S I ill gsi i i illll i jjH !! ! ill =1111 is ill j -■=”' i i- W Q < O Fourth year 2 1 1 -r laili SssSS ll=sg glass Isill 1111s cJeoo^oT ^‘‘s?s -"sgra'sf s‘s'”=g sasa- z Second year W ! SiisS SslSS 13111 IIIS1 ggffl iissi fi-sas “s's'sia aa'“ss ssss»‘ a’-'-s- First year 2 1,970,072 aSflg SiSi= ilsil IISSI sills sills ss^a's" S3 Jo's s gsfaas? gs's'ss® sr^g''* Total 2 1 allsg aisil -sill 31211 sills IsSls isiis mm mm s§w ***** Eighth grade O 1,739,909 34, 506 6, 565 30, 734 91,531 19, 549 26, 239 3, 700 7, 697 25, 795 9, 509 10, 522 116, 297 57, 203 45, 988 36, 989 47, 732 §gg mil 1 Seventh grade oa 2, 181,987 ills! sis!! ilSsi §sii§ slili SS^SSS" a“rfbrSS“ SSSSSS SPSS'S 22w'§S' tH | Sixth grade 00 £ «T 55, 752 8, 342 39, 277 93, 726 21, 277 26, 598 3, 874 8, 283 34,458 61, 368 11,090 120, 094 62, 278 47, 031 37, 422 61, 474 38. 939 14, 924 29, 159 67, 492 81, 243 48, 739 43, 530 58,411 9,930 27, 066 1, 732 7, 137 72, 192 8,039 i i s 1 Fifth grade - i s «r Ills! iissi SS1II 31=11 illll ISSss SPSS'S s'-»'s?s = 2SS8 SSSg'S SSSS'iS'” Fourth grade CD i ills! Sslsi illlB Isisi isSii iliil R»g‘sa s^ass sssss' ssssfs aW a-^'s’s' Third grade - i s' sS SII1I lisil lalSI 1113= ills! Illll ssssa arf”ss s'ssssf g’ssss ss$g»‘ s-”ss' 2 Second grade 1 s sills laill lisil sill! illll §1131 SSSggf ddzzs SgSSTs SftFgg* First grade e* 1 1 «r Bsisi gsisg 2=111 ilsil ISIss II51S gssss a-'sg'g sggg's gs'ss's' a'sgg= a^-'s'sf Kin- der- gar- ten N s 1 is3si Hiss ilISS Hall fggfi IliS i goo wW«r n? »o»o -*‘n<-o- i i ii i e4 r-T of : : : : : : : : »H! SS»i : : : : : : : 1 t* Fourth year a §§§i! SSS18 31SSI SSlg shs?»ssf ss-'s'-" aaS- 234 . 161 11 1,942 10, 376 1,489 43 Third year Isils sseii 11111 Sis! ss-ss as-3” ss'-'-s ass- 262 230 13 2, 346 11, 149 1,964 34 2 Second year — slSsS IslSI sail! j=g@l tf$rfsfa? sfs?srfgf 356 . 287 20 3,155 13, 481 2, 799 55 First year 2 236, 218 59, 146 10, 643 109, 443 42, 716 17, 666 164, 909 9, 627 24, 143 11, 536 33, 617 101, 571 12, 139 3, 921 37, 204 29, 994 26, 692 50, 600 4, 702 414 43 342 64 5, 232 18, 551 4,296 97 Total 2 sslsl IlsIS illli 1111 mms mm mm mm -T — - 4,889 2, 080 5, 732 4, 276 72, 426 1, 181, 374 245, 780 3,015 Eighth grade O i \m sii ii i ills mi s isss is $ 12®- ~ i ~ ~ i i mm s ;§?§ ® j o' S s o tx Seventh grade - 189, 760 70, 483 14, 604 117, 754 54, 050 16, 849 186, 051 11,617 31, 366 15, 034 48, 860 114,313 12, 119 7, 198 48, 996 29, 152 37, 122 47, 087 5, 040 525 61 840 132 8, 147 45, 588 12, 709 184 Sixth grade CO sills ii§S5 IS18S §111 gsfcwsf SgSSS Sg|2®s tf*** 565 182 756 270 8, 738 60, 633 16, 923 516 I Fifth grade ISSll SIISl llili Ills g'SSSS SSSSS3 sasi»s s'SS- 599 197 712 298 9, 185 89, 310 22, 132 444 1 Fourth grade CD sills Sl!ls SHI! SlSl gs's'ss sgsss sgs-’s ssi- 597 278 767 403 9, 666 167, 559 31, 605 465 Third grade US gssIS ssl§i §!!!§ Iasi fssgs sgssss 625 386 681 505 9,689 217, 524 42, 509 487 £ Second grade Hall ISils Ssggi SsSi g's'aaS s'gsg'3 603 464 612 663 9, 580 262, 117 49, 196 397 First grade CO 211,831 170, 152 17, 487 120, 980 102, 603 14, 905 189,901 11,518 116, 382 15, 285 130, 331 246, 687 12, 734 7, 252 105, 403 30, 644 70, 396 53, 171 6, 062 840 445 648 1,892 10, 469 338, 643 60, 424 389 Kin- der- gar- ten i i ill 111 i i 11 ill 1 ilSI £ I |S5“ j j is 1 I a i | i | 1 1 j m ill! State or outlying part - New York . ____ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio . Oklahoma. Oregon _ Pennsylvania . Rhode Island * _ South Carolina _ South Dakota _ Tennessee . Texas . . Utah _ Vermont 2. ._ . Virginia.. . Washington . . West Virginia _ Wisconsin . . Wyoming . . Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . . American Samoa.. Canal Zone... . Guam. . Hawaii . Philippine Islands. Puerto Rico _ Virgin Islands _ ition partly estimated. ' Distribution estimated basis New Hampshire. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 Table 7.— ENROLLMENT BY LENGTH OF TERM IN DAYS IN PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS IN 31 STATES, 1935-36 ENROLLMENT BY LENGTH OF TERM IN DAYS State or outlying part 90 or less 91-110 111-130 131-150 151-170 171-190 191-210 More than 210 TOTAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 States reporting.. 40,416 116, 789 423, 649 519,415 3,805,806 11, 669, 114 1, 017, 694 1,557 16, 594,440 Alabama _ _ 23, 725 12, 722 73, 285 245, 837 45, 683 56, 408 55, 245 124, 527 141, 483 153, 280 677, 062 460, 869 321, 345 46, 100 99,807 385, 763 748, 537 691, 444 628, 101 177, 062 300,500 720, 534 553, 303 711, 256 307,975 19, 720 809, 078 99, 207 2, 288, 042 905, 518 1, 289, 337 188, 361 2, 006, 097 121, 555 153, 163 140, 863 68, 060 592, 038 449, 732 577, 628 56, 383 22, 962 182, 774 321, 345 46, 100 99, 807 385, 763 415, 520 3,967 20, 501 126, 776 108, 318 72, 339 317, 936 81,364 1,116 373, 508 252, 772 Kentucky _ 4,509 280, 255 9, 201 6 483 38, 626 23, 554 8, 852 123, 500 199, 968 5,588 16, 791 3, 735 137, 865 268,904 711, 682 423, 459 82 Maryland 8,042 M assaeh 1 1 setts Minnesota _ 6,344 Missouri . 386, 447 301, 994 124, 841 Nebraska 20 136 237 Nevada ... 2 15 44 996 1, 872 507, 486 99, 207 New Jersey 297, 416 441 New Mexico _ New York _ 2, 288, 042 64, 358 North Carolina . 664 11, 015 829,481 67, 072 29, 976 328,633 Ohio 1, 178, 205 158, 385 44,060 Oregon Pennsylvania. ... 1, 143, 412 121, 555 534, 052 Rhode Island .. South Dakota _ 11,700 7, 852 141, 463 132, 897 Utah . 114 Vermont _ 68, 060 Virginia .... 340, 438 251, 600 West Virginia _ 449, 732 546, 511 Wisconsin _ 31, 117 1,274 Wyoming _ 55, 109 Outlying parts of the United States American Samoa _ 2, 123 2,123 6,864 4,384 85, 101 256, 352 Canal Zone . . 3, 468 3, 396 Guam _ _ 4, 384 85, 101 Hawaii _ _ Puerto Rico . _ _ _ 256, 352 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 8.— AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1935-36 1 State or outlying part Kinder¬ garten and elementary schools REORGANIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Regular and voca¬ tional high schools Total Junior Junior- senior Senior 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U. S _ 22,298,767 Alabama . . . . . . 408, 769 64, 264 280, 070 622, 072 141, 244 188, 109 24, 274 50, 076 205, 231 87, 238 46, 611 402 15, 658 10, 157 2381, 252 45, 963 47, 563 725 14, 372 543, 020 79, 922 360, 427 1, 003, 324 187, 207 276, 967 39, 638 81, 584 306, 555 580, 691 102, 207 1, 155, 261 620, 075 459, 227 357, 877 490, 220 384, 333 148, 626 254, 301 686, 845 S85, 744 463, 786 452, 867 591, 016 100,855 265, 630 16, 638 68, 576 683, 657 93, 500 1, 997, 117 759, 604 125, 951 1, 169, 879 497, 322 163, 566 1, 749, 645 104, 525 368, 268 127, 976 514, 432 1, 078, 977 125, 416 59, 601 488, 537 275, 929 394, 218 510, 718 46, 510 Arizona _ Arkansas _ _ _ 12, 248 48, 911 9, 041 California _ Colorado . . . Connecticut _ 22, 745 4, 779 16, 668 6, 027 6, 347 468 101, 324 12, 523 3, 515 Delaware.. .. . District of Columbia. . . . Florida.. Georgia . Idaho. . . . . . 73, 758 28, 449 Illinois _ 455, 610 308, 339 238, 100 416, 847 316, 912 115, 105 180, 819 418, 033 30, 468 32, 161 33, 070 133, 997 74, 350 86, 707 73, 373 67, 421 33, 521 22, 321 78, 846 Iowa. . . . . . 16, 106 28, 271 Kansas _ _ _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ _ _ Maine . . Maryland _ 19, 736 98, 152 17, 467 13, 958 91, 814 Massachusetts. . Michigan . . . . Minnesota . 313, 485 400, 710 435, 374 72, 040 194, 052 12, 288 50, 841 481, 380 78, 736 48, 267 18, 153 46, 484 37, 397 52, 157 102, 383 28, 815 71, 578 4, 350 17, 735 126, 435 14, 764 Mississippi _ Missouri _ 18, 341 14, 187 20, 731 Montana _ Nebraska . . . . . . Nevada. _ New Hampshire . . . New Jersey . 38, 339 9, 916 27, 587 New Mexico.. New York.. . North Carolina . 612, 913 94, 774 759, 962 390, 887 110, 724 1, 194, 287 146, 691 28, 062 135, 390 106, 435 38, 384 North Dakota . . . 2,346 119, 705 769 64, 490 Ohio . . 90, 332 Oklahoma _ Oregon... _ _ _ 6, 333 8,125 Pennsylvania.. 3 555, 368 Rhode Island South Carolina _ _ _ _ 308, 920 59, 348 South Dakota Tennessee _ _ _ _ _ _ 433, 259 830, 326 74, 618 81, 173 248, 651 28, 860 Texas _ Utah . 21, 938 Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington _ _ 175, 687 294, 291 339, 972 33, 920 25, 235 26, 315 36,224 17, 732 73, 612 30, 680 57, 275 West Virginia. . , Wisconsin ._ 103, 842 12, 590 Wyoming.. _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 5,085 * 1, 910 5, 952 4,238 80, 217 1, 101, 586 224, 086 2,737 American Samoa Canal Zone _ 4,537 4, 134 59, 952 1, 051, 366 214, 717 2,248 474 864 577 104 2,010 50, 220 9, 369 420 Guam _ _ Hawaii. _ _ _ _ _ 10, 329 3,741 4, 185 Philippine Islands . Puerto Rico _ Virgin Islands . . . . . 69 1 United States totals not given because many States do not distribute their attendance to all types of schools. 2 Includes seventh and eighth grades in high school districts. 3 Includes all secondary. 4 Estimated. s Junior college. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 Table 9.— AGGREGATE NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED 1935-36 1 State or outlying part Kinder¬ garten and ele¬ mentary schools REORGANIZED HIGH SCHOOLS Regular and vocational high schools Total Junior Junior- senior Senior > 2 3 4 5 6 7 3, 857, 043, 208 53, 726, 968 10, 667, 824 41, 033, 748 109, 624, 352 13, 453, 719 7, 604, 796 67, 695 2, 771, 466 1, 708, 275 74, 853, 178 13, 439, 290 54. 171, 690 177, 868, 460 31, 637, 983 50, 660, 520 7, 189, 882 14, 348, 196 52, 821, 580 92, 318, 255 17, 585, 679 206, 654, 233 106, 032, 779 80, 723, 106 61, 565, 069 76, 999, 013 60, 696, 627 26, 168, 924 47, 322, 404 121, 459, 813 153, 233, 764 80. 172, 601 60, 014, 127 105, 112, 444 17, 746, 442 46, 581, 832 2, 891, 426 12, 116, 642 127, 701, 270 16, 416, 604 371, 319, 052 122, 410, 982 23, 662, 157 214, 398, 773 86,583,760 28, 224, 388 317, 285, 365 18, 396, 400 56, 416, 679 22, 155, 811 84, 997, 980 181, 913, 245 21, 791, 696 10, 384, 695 82, 516, 649 49, 974, 774 68, 200, 801 91, 687, 236 8, 218, 932 1, 921, 065 7, 933, 809 1, 574, 793 68, 244, 108 34, 367, 515 4, 375, 974 8, 802, 852 35, 090, 497 4, 146, 413 884, 4G2 2, 933, 473 1, 098, 119 1, 145, 899 82, 453 17, 731, 083 2, 270, 420 650, 355 8, 778, 053 133, 192 2, 529, 418 12, 563, 556 5,022,123 77, 909, 259 54, 009, 398 40, 329, 371 64, 298, 147 49, 023, 352 20, 117,316 33, 532, 318 73, 649, 173 5, 210, 078 5, 665, 585 5, 850, 218 22,913,442 | 13,192,967 i 15,385,480 | 12,700,866 1 11,673,275 1 6,051,608 4,103,055 14,307,405 2,853,835 5, 001, 321 3,749,840 17, 245, 283 3, 285, 171 2, 652, 020 16, 257, 952 Michigan _ Minnesota _ 53, 922, 897 52, 591, 346 77, 661, 656 12, 650, 018 33, 975, 280 2, 131, 485 8, 944, 648 89, 834, 651 13, 778, 800 8,442,516 3, 126, 481 8, 154, 978 6, 525, 729 7, 422, 781 17, 668, 798 5, 096, 424 12, 606, 552 759, 941 3, 171, 994 23, 767, 767 2, 637, 804 Mississippi Missouri _ 3, 393, 086 2, 553, 660 3, 835, 244 Montana _ Nebraska _ Nevada _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ 7, 118, 516 1, 821, 457 5, 158, 879 New Mexico _ New York _ North Carolina _ 98, 617, 702 17, 879, 756 138, 260, 397 23, 793, 280 4, 938, 827 24, 614, 975 North Dakota 636, 376 23,231,816 207, 198 11, 596, 472 Ohio . . i6, 695, 113 Oklahoma _ Oregon. _ 18, 985, 447 214, 524, 448 1, 105, 598 1, 419, 648 6, 713, 695 Penn s vl van i a 2102,760,917 Rhode Island _ South Carolina 46, 052, 612 10, 364, 067 South Dakota _ Tennessee _ _ _ 70, 646, 594 139, 489, 221 14, 351, 386 42, 424, 024 4, 564, 640 Texas Utah . . . 12, 955, 454 4, 271, 602 Vermont _ Virginia _ Washington _ 31, 823, 199 50, 912, 343 60, 640, 127 5, 977, 452 4, 538, 011 4, 552, 495 6, 681, 496 3, 194, 627 12, 734, 876 5, 554, 208 10, 418, 937 West Virginia _ Wisconsin 18, 811, 405 2, 241, 480 Wyoming Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ 880, 839 1, 181, 353 775, 579 14, 759, 869 214, 809, 402 43, 472, 612 512, 226 Canal Zone _ i 947, 293 756, 467 11, 031, 070 82,901 151, 159 Guam _ 1 19, 112 369, 860 9, 792, 900 1, 817, 516 76, 841 Hawaii _ 1, 900, 496 688, 324 770, 119 Philippine Islands _ 205, 016, 502 41, 655, 096 422, 344 Puerto Rico _ Virgin Islands _ _ _ 13,041 1 United States totals not given because many States do not distribute their attendance to all types of schools. 2 Includes all secondary. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table 10.— AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT DIFFERENT DATES State or outlying part 1870-71 i 1879-80 1889-90 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1935-36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U. S. 4, 545, 317 6, 144, 143 8, 153, 635 10,632, 772 12,827,307 16, 150, 035 21,264,886 22,298, 767 107, 666 117, 978 182, 467 297, 805 266, 589 367, 554 473, 553 543, 020 2,847 4, 702 10, 177 20, 094 46, 420 75, 969 79, 922 Arkansas . 46, 600 i 54, 700 i 148, 714 195, 401 255, 135 326, 053 330,825 360, 427 California . 64, 286 100, 966 146, 589 197, 395 286, 744 480, 864 908, 765 1,003, 324 Colorado . 2, 611 12, 618 38, 715 73, 291 107, 520 150, 090 190, 742 187, 207 Connecticut . .. 62,683 73, 546 83, 656 111, 564 3 147, 190 205, 213 274, 482 276, 967 Delaware _ 12, 70C 17, 43S 19, 649 25, 300 22, 559 27, 368 36, 255 39, 638 District of Columbia. .. 10, 261 20, 637 28, 184 35, 463 44, 627 52, 739 68v312 81, 584 Florida.. . . 10, 900 27, 046 64, 819 75, 003 103, 892 165, 720 267, 042 306, 555 Georgia. . . 31, 377 145, 190 240, 791 298, 237 ; 346, 295 467, 081 538, 271 580, 691 Idaho . 600 3, 863 i 9, 500 21, 962 51, 137 84, 642 98, 479 102, 207 Illinois . 341, 686 431, 638 538, 310 737, 576 779,040 956,090 1, 203, 537 1, 155, 261 Indiana . 295, 071 321, 659 342, 275 429, 566 420, 780 457, 113 596, 416 620,075 Iowa . . . 211,562 259, 836 306, 309 373, 474 360, 178 405, 567 465, 051 459, 227 Kansas . 52, 891 137, 669 243, 300 261, 783 291, 329 309, 505 364, 801 357,877 Kentucky . 129, 866 178, 000 225, 739 310, 339 315, 196 3 342, 669 432, 862 490, 220 Louisiana _ 40, 500 i 54, 800 87, 536 146, 323 182, 659 256, 133 349, 594 384, 333 Maine . . 100, 392 103, 115 98, 364 97, 697 106, 955 115,885 138, 043 148, 626 Maryland . 56, 435 85, 778 102, 351 134, 400 145, 762 175, 312 235, 555 254, 301 Massachusetts . 201, 750 233, 127 273, 910 366, 136 444, 090 519, 905 675, 676 686, 845 Michigan . 193, 000 i 240, 000 i 282, 000 355, 226 443, 458 521, 251 844, 967 885, 744 Minnesota... . 50, 694 i 78, 400 127, 025 243, 224 348, 500 394, 859 456, 836 463, 786 Mississippi.. . 90, 000 156, 761 207, 704 224, 526 261, 384 3 259, 982 436, 162 452, 867 Missouri _ 187, 024 i 281, 000 384, 627 460, 012 490, 390 531, 221 576, 417 591, 016 Montana . 1, 100 4 3, 000 10, 596 i 26, 300 41, 314 91, 744 105, 327 100,855 Nebraska . . 14, 300 60, 156 146, 139 181, 874 191, 076 232, 515 259, 188 265, 630 Nevada . . 1,800 5, 401 5, 064 4,698 i 7, 400 10, 625 14, 977 16, 638 New Hamphsire. . 48, 150 48, 966 41, 526 47, 276 50, 101 53, 245 65, 966 68, 576 New Jersey.. . 86, 812 115, 194 133, 286 207, 947 324, 239 476, 261 662, 961 683, 657 New Mexico.. . . . 880 3, 150 1 13, 000 22, 433 37, 389 59, 442 76, 216 93, 500 New York.. . 493, 648 573, 089 642, 984 857, 488 1, 122, 649 1, 361, 600 1,866,243 1, 997, 117 North Carolina... . 73,000 170, 100 203, 100 206, 918 331, 335 473, 552 672, 895 759, 604 North Dakota . 1,040 J 8, 530 20, 694 43, 500 90, 149 128, 436 148, 614 125, 951 Ohio . . . 432. 452 476, 279 549, 269 616, 365 648, 544 808, 712 1, 141, 324 1, 169,879 Oklahoma _ 63, 718 278, 650 355, 998 470, 090 497, 322 Oregon . . . 15, 000 27, 435 43, 333 64, 411 103, 553 136, 575 155, 166 163, 566 Pennsylvania. . . 567, 188 601, 627 682, 941 854,640 1,001,464 1, 266, 350 1, 661, 128 1, 749, 645 Rhode Island. . 22, 485 27, 217 33, 905 47, 124 61, 487 73, 387 102, 584 104, 525 South Carolina _ 44, 700 i 90, 600 147, 799 201, 295 243, 901 331, 451 348, 482 368, 268 South Dakota _ (9 (4) 48, 327 i 68, 000 80, 032 98, 907 138, 635 127, 976 Tennessee . . 89, 000 208, 528 323, 548 338, 566 363, 953 457, 503 481, 962 514, 432 Texas.. . 41, 000 i 132, 000 291, 941 438, 779 544, 691 745, 667 1, 073, 847 1, 078, 977 Utah . . . . 12, 819 17, 178 20, 967 50, 595 69, 246 97, 745 120, 573 125, 416 Vermont . 44, 100 48, 606 45, 887 47, 020 52, 104 50, 186 57, 975 59, 601 Virginia . . . 77, 402 128, 404 198, 290 216, 464 259, 394 351, 171 452, 567 488, 537 Washington . 3,300 10, 546 36, 946 74, 717 156, 064 211, 239 278, 520 275, 929 West Virginia . . 51, 336 91, 604 121, 700 151, 254 189, 900 256, 479 350, 046 394, 218 Wisconsin . . 132, 000 156, 000 200, 457 i 309, 800 320, 439 368, 712 473, 258 510, 718 Wyoming. . . 250 1, 920 i 4, 700 i 9, 650 16, 730 33, 297 47, 730 46, 510 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska 2,505 2,899 5,085 American Samoa 1,910 Canal Zone . . . . 2,575 6,070 5, 952 Guam _ _ 3, 532 4,238 Hawaii. _ _ 38, 451 68, 510 80, 217 Philippine Islands _ 756, 533 1,008,904 1, 101, 586 Puerto Rico.. . 145, 250 193, 396 224, 086 Virgin Islands _ 3, 061 2, 737 _ _ i Approximate. ^High-school attendance not reported. 3 Figures for 1919. 4 Included with North Dakota. Table 11.— AVERAGE LENGTH OF SCHOOL TERM AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, 1871-1936 1 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 0 G 'G 0x3 O c? gs- C© i-< C* O * OOOOOOOO (OOHC5N ^I^©40C0 OOC^ObiOOO »-H ^ CO c qo oooot^oor^ ocooooi>t^ oooooooooo r^oooooooo © oot^ooc O O CO CO 00 © 40 40 t $Noj»o«d oo cd © 40 oo t$? * < lO c* • Tf5 > 53*2 >>& >•§ G*gS&,§ « o3 ra o> +J TJ M *> •§ 8 'ONO I rd c© a> 'NON 1 040 O I cd cd cd co o ^ cd cd So oo WHO cd 40 cd NM00O C4 O 40 rH O ^ Tf HHHQ0 4O O »-H ©t^CO 4O4ON00N 40C0C005 *HN0500 dcicicd cd^ododoo ON^CO HiOOiCOO HTTMO NOCOTfO CO Hr ^ 05 O0 OOOrHCO <0HTflO40 NOJO^IN o 40 05 oo © cd cd cd ^ oo cd oo cd 40* ©' 4© i-1 05 cd cd id o cd o’ co id oo 05 oo cd JNIOtJi CO c .co co 40 r- go c ) co oo i> HCOW005 lOtsOHO N05 0000 005(NCOr^ © © © 00 ^ OOOOO cd cd cd td cd 1-4 oo cd 40* N'dd^^' cd oo o> 05* 05 cd o cd cd cd rt- rd rt« 05* 40 c^coc^t>.co oo oo co Tf r^r>.ior^co c^Tj-coi^r^ r^-coc^coco co co oo co co 40 co 40 co h co rt< 4ocoo54oco iho5co»oio io tjh o HWON40 OONXO^ COt'-^t^CO 8 )40 00 C0O 05 O 05 CO (M CO (N (M o CO 00 O H CO 05 ^Oht^N »Orr( t^C^l^C040 CO © rH ©1040CC0^0 CO 40 00 < > CQ 00 Is- 40 CO 40 CO OOHOON »OClOOC^' HO i r>- - 40©t^©© 00 ^ O © rH <±- COIN i C3 ■§§ T3 G ax: cs o P. >, s 8 8* SgS isg £ > ts ^ ts s«o^ _ r-H ® .52 p l>> W § g*S c3 S 4 Totals for the United States not given as all States do not distribute their attendance to all types of schools. * Estimated. * Statistics of 1918-19. Table 11.— AVERAGE LENGTH OF SCHOOL TERM AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, 1871-1936— Continued 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 133*1 Is ® ® CO*OW NO 00 M O < CO COHOOO (Ml . CO CO 00* 05 05 IN ON H N CO > o .asa®5-Q W M -s 8 M lO 00 ci d h lO 00 id 05 lO rH id ^ 00 05 05 IN 05 dodn CO H 00 CO ^ cd do HH lN©CO 05 cd (M oo cd fl-3 as 7.1 a .•S«3 :Sa2a £:q ® M 1^3 d; OPLHtfmm er-P>> © -< * Estimated. 4 Included in report of North Dakota. Table 12.— ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND SUPERVISORY AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, 1935-36 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 and regular high schools. * Includes States reporting. * Statistics of 1934. Table 12 —ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS AND SUPERVISORY AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, 1935-36— Continued 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 con. N^oooco ooo^o»o «nhio oa co 05 co co co oo co io io co q ■**< co co to co co 05 tO 05 ^ CM 00 CO OO lOaHNO CONIOOH »-Ht^05C0 Efco o^odofoT nT i-f co of oT co cm~ nT rH~ to r-T of CM GO CM Tf r-H co rH r-H rH HHN 05 CO IOHH' ,o g a 3- fc* cc ft o 3®gS ■ .y m »ON NONCOO 00 CO ^ CO i0H05-^ 05 CO COMMON HCOIOCON ^ O lO 00 00 05 05 CO Tt< lOiHCOCSiO o lO H CO lO CO N- tO «0 lO rH GO co coco oo co oo r-T oT tCoo^cdod of cd ^ cm co © to o cm“ CM t^CM r-H »0 rH i-i ^ iH HHN Principals Total CO 778 462 1, 145 1,091 389 991 4 313 481 2,485 105 325 CM^COtO lOCOON NH05H 05 CO N> CO CO rH Tt4 ^ lO 00 of 6 26 69 1, 215 190 21 Second¬ ary schools 2 206 119 1, 145 795 336 ^ CM CO CO CO ° 05 lO 1, 347 61 CO CO CM O SSmS0* 2 1 23 109 23 3 Elemen¬ tary schools a CM CO • CO CO N» ^ 1 05 iO tO CO 1 CM 05 05 05 ^ r}H y-i CO tO CO O ^ co to CO CM to o 05000^ CM CO CO 4 25 46 1, 106 167 18 -e iS 9 >*§ sa| a “ ® S>> o H w GO »0 lO CO *0 05 CO ^ r^NOON iO 00 CO *0 Tfi 00 ^ CO ^ CO N- tO CO N CO O CO r-H NH^COiO CDNIOC^N 1H N N N 05 rH CO GO CO - - 05 rH ^ ^ i-t 00 »0 CM CM CM i-H CM iO rH CO CO W »0 H 204 284 123 801 29 128 1, 133 s i a i to i i ) rH ION i i i CON 05 i ^ i to N- i ^ CM i 05 rH > N- to CO ) iH rH CO co 00 • rH 1 00 • CM CO i * i tO i 82 Lsijls ! § | ||e v P a o o 4 O m ® >,9~ 8 gS.'fsg o m ll|l o 3 9 ° ^ co O Oai NHONO rH 00 *0 COB C3 ® rwofi co ^ r-i n £ £ £-£-£.2,2 ggo-e ££ ^^200 OPhWmw “^•3 3 •5> 3 N ^ o fl a>.2 os .9 PS ” 1 11 lil II ilis it if °° hhP>> © HHOO w£l5> Statistics of 1934, 4 Estimated basis increase in enrollment of 1936 over 1934, STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 49938-38- eighth-grade 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Q a? CO m rag g§ Ph«2 H . Ph^c aa OQK go gw oH HO £ pp c AhC GOr, W oo ^c t— ( rvj 0w W> o^ XW wa -H wQ >h|z; OC P So* cp BH CQ W CdO Sw ag 0M,a Ckh § KS £ HS « pH o X M C3 « ■S,MQP spa qj a 42 e ©rt9 OOP is-pS-S ®oo^^j c®j3 5s ££££.' ~ «nu!3 «,a s.s ^^iZOO OPhPhmm HEnp>> <5HOO WPhPh> 3 3* a |>gfl “s”S •5 S ■2>b CD ^ CD 1-4 CO CO CO O IOOONC 00 N- IOION. w COO gN Hi! § ^a§ •-a ^ :3 a2 a 8 Secondary teachers basis high-school reports, 1934. 3 Estimated, basis increase in enrollment over 1934. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 Table 14.— PERCENTAGE OF MEN TEACHERS PERCENTAGE OF MEN TEACHERS State or outlying part 00 t'- 1879-80 1889-90 1899- 1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1931-32 1933-34 1935-36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental U. S - 41.0 42.8 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 16.6 17.7 19.1 20.6 Alabama. _ _ _ 66.8 63.8 62.9 30.1 35.0 20.3 16.4 17.4 19.5 19.1 47.5 38.8 27.3 17.0 10.8 16.9 18.3 21. 2 24 0 Arkansas - - - 75.6 78.4 68.5 59.7 47.0 31.2 27.3 27.6 28.2 28.9 California _ 40.0 33.6 21.4 17.8 13.8 12.2 16.1 17.6 18.7 22.5 Colorado- . 48.8 36.4 26.2 20.9 15.6 9.2 17.2 19.0 18.9 20.7 Connecticut . . 22.1 i 22.8 i 13.4 i 9.0 6.2 7.3 9.1 9.4 11.3 12.6 Delaware _ 29.9 46.6 i 31.0 25.3 13.7 10.8 13.7 14.5 16.9 18.5 District of Columbia... . 8.2 7.8 13.0 13.1 11.5 11.9 11.9 12.4 12.7 13.8 Florida . . . — 65.7 61.6 48.0 36.9 25.7 15.8 13.5 13.2 14.8 15.3 Georgia . . . 71.4 i 65.2 53.3 44.0 24.4 13.1 13.9 15.2 16.7 16.8 Idaho . . . . 64.3 57.4 133.4 31.2 25.5 14.8 23.3 25.0 28.4 31.5 Illinois _ 43.5 39.7 32.5 26.4 18.5 15.0 19.0 19.1 21.3 23.0 Indiana . . . 60.5 57.5 51.1 46.2 35.7 16.9 25.3 26.4 27.0 28.6 Iowa.. . — 39.0 33.6 20.6 17.2 9.8 8.2 8.7 12.1 16.7 17.9 Kansas . . . 47.2 45. 1 40.8 32.7 18.0 12.1 18.1 19.6 17.1 18.0 Kentucky . . . 66.0 64.6 49.8 45.5 41.7 21.0 20.9 25.8 25.9 27.3 Louisiana . . . - 50.9 46.1 44.7 47.9 21.4 13.7 14.3 15.4 16.7 17.0 Maine . . . . 24.4 i 27.2 i 16.0 i 16.4 11.2 8.5 14.2 13.3 14.8 16.3 Maryland - - 45.0 42.6 27.8 21.7 17.1 11.5 14.6 16.0 16.0 16.7 Massachusetts.. . 12.7 13.2 9.8 8.8 9.1 8.6 14.7 16.6 17.9 19.1 Michigan . 26.3 29.2 22.3 20.3 14.0 11.5 17.6 18.8 18.8 21.3 Minnesota _ 33.7 25.9 23.9 19.4 12.0 8.8 12.9 11.3 12.9 15.5 Mississippi _ 60.8 61.2 49.6 44.2 31.0 22.0 16.1 21.7 18.5 18.5 Missouri . . . . 65.3 58.1 44.4 37.6 26.4 16.2 18.2 19.6 23.4 24 4 Montana . . 60.3 38.5 22.9 16.6 12.0 10.7 12.8 14.9 17.5 19.5 Nebraska . . - 51.9 40.7 27.1 21.8 11.9 7.3 10.8 11.9 13.1 14 2 Nevada... _ _ 32.4 46.7 16.3 11.1 10.8 9.0 14.5 19.1 23.5 25.7 New Hampshire. . . 15.0 16.8 9.8 8.9 7.1 8.3 12.6 14.0 15.3 17.2 New Jersey _ _ 32.5 28.5 18.4 12.9 12.3 10.5 12.0 13.3 14.9 16.7 New Mexico . . 91.7 78.0 i 62.2 155.2 34.4 20.6 21.5 19.2 20.9 21.2 New York . . . . 22.9 26.0 16.9 14.9 11.7 10.3 13.0 14.3 15.9 17.0 North Carolina . . . . 73.2 i 71.3 59.1 49.4 28.5 15.8 16.0 15.2 18.3 15.0 North Dakota _ 24 7 140.8 28.3 28.8 17.4 12.3 16.8 19.3 21.3 21.3 Ohio . . . 43.2 47.8 43.1 40.4 31.1 18.0 20.0 23.1 24.9 26.7 Oklahoma. _ _ _ _ _ _ 42.8 26.2 18.9 23.4 20.3 25. 7 25.7 Oregon . . . . 51.7 48.3 43.3 28.4 19.4 12.8 11.8 14.1 20.7 18.4 Pennsylvania . . 42.8 45.5 34 2 32.0 22.6 16.3 17.4 18.4 20.2 22.4 Rhode Island . . 20.4 20.2 12.6 9.5 8.9 7.8 11.8 13.3 13.9 15.8 South Carolina _ _ 62.4 59.5 49.6 i 43.5 23.1 14.7 14.8 14.9 16.2 16.5 South Dakota . (2) (2) 29.0 24.4 16.6 10.5 15.0 16.1 24.2 20.7 Tennessee . . . 75.0 74 4 61.8 i 54.0 37.0 22.4 20.8 22.2 24.6 25.2 Texas . . 77.3 i 75.0 61.1 48.9 30.8 18.0 18.2 16.4 18.5 20.7 Utah . . . . 55.0 54 5 46.6 36.5 26.6 24.9 29.2 26.2 28.4 35.6 Vermont . . . 16.5 16.8 12.0 13.6 8.9 3.7 8.6 9.7 10.9 10.4 Virginia _ _ 645 61.8 41.5 31.5 19.9 10.9 11.3 12.0 13.8 14 4 Washington . 46.5 37.4 40.6 28.9 20.0 13.9 17.0 18.7 20.7 22.7 West Virginia . 79.0 75.2 63.4 57.9 48.0 28.7 28.9 30.2 30.2 29.7 Wisconsin _ 28.8 28.9 19.8 18.4 11.8 8.9 15.3 17.1 20.5 22.0 Wyoming _ 28.6 443 22.4 15.6 12.8 11.0 14.8 16.0 17.9 22.7 Outlyiny parts nf the United Oi ua Co Alaska.. _ 11.0 16.2 18.5 American Samoa _ 84.6 91.7 97.0 93.2 Canal Zone _ _ 1 _ 31.4 47.4 48.8 48.7 53.7 Guam _ 38.4 42.2 42.7 Hawaii _ _ _ 11.1 16.9 18.3 19. 1 18.9 Philippine Islands _ — 60.6 55. 0 52.1 50.8 47.0 Puerto Rico _ 27.8 26.7 26.4 24.8 23.5 Virgin Islands . . . i ! . " 1 _ 35.7 33. 1 34 0 29.1 1 1 1 1 Estimated, > Included in North Dakota. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table 15.— PERSONNEL AND COST OF INSTRUCTION IN PUBLIC NIGHT, SUMMER, AND PART-TIME AND CONTINUATION SCHOOLS, 1935-36 State or outlying part NIGHT SCHOOLS SUMMER SCHOOLS PART-TIME AND CONTINU¬ ATION SCHOOLS Teach¬ ers Students Total cost of instruc¬ tion Teach¬ ers Stu¬ dents Total cost of instruc¬ tion Teach¬ ers Stu¬ dents Total cost of instruc¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S . 21,466 1,099,556 $7,676,350 4,096 133,900 $933,497 7,751 308,488 $7,379,516 Alabama . 684 11, 961 57, 986 45 1,774 9,549 94 2,825 15,071 6 529 923 9 1, 187 3,265 Arkansas . 185 9, 020 8, 323 80 1, 628 4,611 59 2, 227 14,848 California . 2,458 245, 959 1, 465, 866 57 1, 652 11, 368 573 64, 313 703, 834 Colorado . 108 8,028 54, 687 51 1, 797 8, 911 87 8,835 150, 946 Connecticut . 593 27, 677 191, 101 87 7,491 11,544 40 540 16,689 100 2, 961 9, 937 23 781 36 716 8, 397 District of Colum- 229 15, 352 93, 550 217 9. 161 29, 948 Florida _ 143 5, 991 7, 400 230 8,923 62, 415 Georgia . 374 26, 938 68, 028 6 100 405 139 7,787 70, 852 17 535 1, 164 27 430 1,798 Illinois . 672 28, 757 388; 303 440 10,984 152, 017 110 6, 867 262, 014 Indiana . 92 5, 438 30, 322 181 15, 296 83, 536 59 5, 212 53, 780 Iowa . 189 9, 257 22, 591 72 1, 896 10, 122 51 1, 200 33, 951 Kansas . 140 6, 135 22, 716 22 712 3, 558 10 288 1, 730 Kentucky _ 103 2, 910 5,894 14 327 3, 232 Tbilisi an a _ 204 12, 259 40, 686 191 3, 931 10, 192 Maine _ _ 97 2, 843 21, 276 27 674 3, 975 Maryland... . 361 13, 571 72, 580 128 8, 079 80, 838 29 832 13, 589 Massachusetts _ 1,390 44, 276 432,070 58 1,331 10, 289 303 5, 409 333, 746 Michigan . 1,027 43, 246 329, 649 441 11, 708 149, 357 172 8,442 423,495 Minnesota _ 134 8, 376 63, 861 34 985 4, 927 93 3, 353 42, 723 Mississippi . . 7 123 2, 658 16 313 827 142 2, 998 44,272 Missouri. . 423 11, 591 116, 201 24 993 18, 552 166 4, 188 30, 770 Montana _ 44 770 4, 463 33 566 23, 929 Nebraska . _ 116 14,040 18, 545 67 2,300 27,096 Nevada 20 414 1, 196 7 856 5, 720 New Hampshire _ 56 1, 427 6,914 24 239 6, 316 New Jersey . 772 29, 347 428, 914 203 6, 609 33, 915 270 11, 845 78, 343 New Mexico . 20 697 1,155 6 204 2, 613 20 278 4, 238 New York . . 3,460 184, 982 2, 280, 415 355 9,817 69,445 995 50, 940 1, 977, 693 North Carolina _ .. 738 21, 595 19, 762 9 507 109 2, 239 34, 815 North Dakota 39 1, 139 10, 622 19 506 6, 323 Ohio . . . 849 59, 300 245, 655 371 10, 207 50, 854 400 9, 479 520, 877 Oklahoma _ 287 23, 110 19, 014 63 2, 357 16, 067 Oregon . . 107 3,591 4, 946 1 32 125 50 3, 537 15, 016 Pennsylvania . 1,408 54, 876 564, 112 673 18, 214 93, 374 853 20, 303 93, 073 Rhode Island _ 225 6, 368 54, 699 24 1,623 17, 057 South Carolina . 549 17, 925 18, 435 4 80 200 256 4, 367 25, 571 South Dakota . 13 142 702 4 65 850 15 99 1,021 Tennessee . 195 7, 577 7, 975 2 25 300 205 6,824 48, 431 Texas . 800 35, 642 79, 284 132 2, 473 26,059 362 15, 198 67, 867 Utah . 62 2, 853 8,695 31 825 20, 318 Vermont . 11 179 4, 012 30 578 3, 500 7 34 1,846 Virginia . 180 5,916 29, 900 171 3, 650 31, 726 281 6, 928 58, 569 Washington . 293 16, 795 66, 408 58 1,600 10,604 33 1, 150 31, 375. West Virginia _ 107 3, 278 11,100 54 1,020 6, 854 Wisconsin . . 1,435 62, 615 277, 776 89 3, 026 18, 768 891 22, 032 1,978, 220 Wyoming . 44 1,245 3, 879 6 132 805 21 1,439 7, 297 Outlying parts of the United States A laska 26 666 1, 201 Onam 42 1, 300 2,418 Hawaii 70 2,718 21, 884 17 964 39, 245 Puerto Rico . 259 4, 087 27, 374 100 1,711 3,851 100 1, 720 40, 333 Virgin Islands 6 136 817 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 Table 16a.— PUBLIC-SCHOOL BUILDINGS BY USE, 1935-36 » SCHOOL BUILDINGS USED State or outlying part Kin¬ dergar¬ ten and elemen¬ tary only includ¬ ing 1- room Ele¬ men¬ tary and junior high only Junior high only Junior- senior high only Senior or reg¬ ular high only Ele¬ men¬ tary and secon¬ dary Other schools Total build¬ ings 1-room only Percent l-room build¬ ings is of total build¬ ings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental U. S . 238,867 132,813 55.6 3,204 519 1, 617 13 119 365 5, 318 711 2, 438 145 45.8 89 103 20.4 4, 203 81 595 4,879 2 8, 720 2, 655 2 1, 519 54.4 17.4 2, 620 2,884 1, 176 242 1,664 57.7 1,050 200 33 12 69 12 305 25.9 7 3 1 23 1 111 45.9 138 19 1 9 8 175 2 1.1 4 2, 523 2 640 25.4 5 6,269 2, 972 47.4 1,437 79 113 1,629 733 45.0 13, 966 9,925 1,363 9,115 6, 777 71.1 2,630 37 819 3,486 11,842 9,401 39.1 77.0 72.1 Kentucky 8 _ 6,784 79 26 37 99 529 389 7, 943 5, 537 69.7 Louisiana _ 2, 450 2, 139 37 414 2, 901 1,312 1, 612 45.2 Maine - _ 97 156 2, 392 67.4 Maryland _ 1,277 11 22 10 42 122 5 1,489 651 43.7 M assaehn setts 2, 182 169 256 2, 607 8, 263 328 12.6 Michigan _ 5, 124 62.0 Minnesota _ 7,849 155 556 8, 560 6,797 79.4 Mississippi 500 246 726 5,736 2 2, 763 7,357 48.1 Missouri _ 9,280 60 31 29 844 10,244 3, 210 7, 917 301 71.8 Montana 56 2,538 5,958 192 79. 1 Nebraska 7, 132 285 75. 3 Nevada 3 13 63.8 New Hampshire 39 849 424 49.9 New Jersev _ 1,732 766 26 37 10 126 39 54 2,024 223 11.0 New Mexico _ 3 10 2 41 97 8 927 611 65.9 New York _ 11, 218 2 7, 251 64.6 North Carolina _ 5 4, 803 1,168 24.3 North Dakota _ 5,430 4,077 75.1 Ohio _ 4,702 74 73 164 228 782 134 6, 157 2 5, 868 2, 167 2, 451 39.8 Oklahoma _ 2 2, 500 1, 121 5, 855 52 42.6 Oregon 1,873 10, 319 13 12 2 157 110 51.7 Pennsylvania _ 712 «658 11, 689 50.1 "Rhode Island 377 1 22 2 22 1 425 12.2 South Carolina _ 3, 442 1, 147 33.3 South Dakota _ 5,018 6, 629 12, 534 4,441 2,799 2,787 88.5 Tennessee _ 42.2 Texas . 6, 515 54 69 15 559 3,923 1, 399 22.2 Utah _ _ _ _ 390 48 45 55 58 43 639 53 8.3 Vermont.. 1,242 4, 183 47 46 1,335 919 68.8 Virginia _ 4, 878 2,400 49.2 Washington 1,795 79 280 120 2,274 794 34.9 West Virginia _ 5, 510 7,747 169 38 65 100 188 29 6, 099 3,786 62.1 Wisconsin _ 30 24 45 145 251 8,242 6, 529 892 79.2 Wyoming . _ _ 14 5 35 46 1, 436 62.1 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska ... 60 American Samoa _ 18 2 20 6 Canal Zone _ 20 1 1 1 2 25 Guam . 27 1 3 31 Hawaii _ 5 7 5 5 17 Puerto Rieo 2,167 ! 22 23 1 1 2, 191 27 1, 148 4 Virgin Islands i 1 4 1 United States totals not given as many States do not report distribution of buildings according to use. 2 Statistics of 1932. 1 2 * * Statistics of 1928. 4 Includes 41 percent of rented buildings not included in previous years’ reports. * Statistics of 1934. 6 Secondary only. 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table 16b.— SCHOOLS CLASSIFIED BY ORGANIZATION, 1935-361 State or outlying part Kinder¬ garten Ele¬ men¬ tary schools Sepa¬ rately organ¬ ized junior high schools Junior- senior schools under one organi¬ zation Sepa¬ rately organ¬ ized senior high schools Regular high schools of 4 years or less Voca¬ tional high schools of sec¬ ondary grade Other local schools for deaf, blind, feeble¬ minded, delin¬ quent, etc. Total * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S _. 252,869 5, 186 1, 995 119 3 7,303 704 110 814 Arkansas _ 4, 798 148 329 21 147 5, 443 1,026 4, 005 125 46 39 287 5, 528 94 2, 574 125 321 3,114 Connecticut _ 1, 008 37 12 11 67 13 1, 148 10 224 13 26 3 2 1 279 86 106 17 1 9 219 Florida . . . . 13 2, 073 22 668 2, 776 16 13 4 444 6, 149 1,434 195 1,629 Illinois _ 679 13, 967 979 15, 525 135 3, 328 72 819 4, 354 461 10, 582 164 63 ra 93 795 12, 158 71 7,859 104 682 8,716 21 190 8 526 3 8, 673 2,755 479 3, 234 Maine _ 2,295 225 2,520 Maryland _ 1,407 18 36 9 144 5 1, 619 Massachusetts _ 2,182 169 256 121 2,728 Michigan1 2 _ 91 246 48 318 4 8, 838 Minnesota _ 306 i 8,408 119 140 98 255 3 9, 329 Mississippi 3 8 142 4 462 5, 975 Missouri _ 35 9, 771 31 65 29 796 3 5 10, 735 Montana _ 4 2,544 195 2,743 Nebraska _ 255 6,970 785 8, 010 Nevada _ 278 3 2 50 340 New Hampshire _ 48 1, 692 94 89 62 1, 985 New Jersev _ _ 668 1,732 67 13 29 159 39 213 2, 920 New Mexico _ 1, 228 18 125 1, 371 New York 2 _ 125 202 26 646 5 12, 000 North Carolina 4 _ 4, 517 901 5, 418 North Dakota _ 4, 490 47 21 887 5,445 Ohio . . . 331 5, 301 132 460 50 653 2 542 7, 471 Oklahoma 2 . 33 81 20 735 8 6, 000 Oregon _ 1, 886 29 16 255 3 2,189 Pennsylvania. . . 486 10, 293 197 274 W 56J 656 57 84 12, 103 Rhode Island 2_ . . . 19 5 * 8; 9 *525 South Carolina _ 3,752 436 4,188 South Dakota _ 5,010 587 5,597 Tennessee _ 6,007 622 6, 629 Texas _ 86 9, 833 92 3, 646 13, 657 Utah . . . 425 104 76 605 Vermont 2 _ 4 42 2 47 1,848 Virginia 2 . 15 17 3 409 4,697 Washington _ 84 2,044 53 42 257 2. 480 West Virginia . 5,468 124 265 5, 857 Wisconsin 486 7, 531 45 43 400 44 8, 549 Wyoming 2 _ 7 26 4 67 1, 436 Outlying parts of the United SstnlffiQ OtutCO Alaska . . . . 91 16 107 American Samoa.... 20 20 Canal Zone 16 2 2 20 Guam 27 1 28 Hawaii _ 158 17 14 2 3 2 1 197 Philippine Islands _ 7, 732 113 7,845 Puerto Rico __ 1,813 23 1, 836 Virgin Islands 18 1 2 21 1 United States totals are not given as many States do not report distribution of schools according to use. 2 Secondary schools statistics, 1934. 3 Statistics of 1930. * Statistics of 1932. 6 Estimated. ® Statistics of 1934. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 Table 17.— VALUE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY USED FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES, 1935-36 State or outlying part Value of sites and buildings Value of equipment, (furniture, libraries, apparatus, etc.) Value of all property used for school purposes Aver¬ age value of school proper¬ ty per pupil enrolled Aver¬ age value of school proper¬ ty per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Aver¬ age value of school proper¬ ty per unit of popu¬ lation Aver¬ age value of school proper¬ ty per unit of popu¬ lation, 5-17 years of age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental U. S_ $5, 593,173,412 $560,880, 675 $6, 731, 324, 741 $255 $303 $52 $213 Alabama _ i 48, 578, 745 i 5, 447, 433 i 54, 026, 178 80 99 19 65 Arizona _ 16, 626, 501 2, 921, 142 19, 547. 643 196 245 48 156 Arkansas . . - 33, 840, 780 4, 647, 068 38, 487, 848 84 107 19 69 California _ 3 389, 209, 699 3 49, 857, 006 3 439, 066, 705 385 438 72 381 Colorado.. _ _ 54, 817, 290 6, 825, 977 61, 643, 267 257 329 59 233 Connecticut _ 108, 703, 790 339 392 63 279 Delaware . . 18, 538, 240 1, 884, 433 20, 422, 673 443 515 79 356 District of Columbia _ 42, 565, 161 4, 159, 780 46, 724, 941 468 573 75 487 Florida. . 69, 042, 733 6, 441, 933 75, 484, 666 196 246 46 192 Georgia _ _ 48, 783, 263 7, 000, 655 55, 783, 918 75 96 18 64 Idaho... . . 19, 873, 542 3, 554, 753 23, 428, 295 194 229 48 183 Illinois . . . 439, 536, 586 34, 819, 430 474, 356, 016 357 411 60 270 Indiana _ _ 162, 425, 168 13, 697, 746 176, 122, 914 255 284 51 221 Iowa _ _ 124, 151, 050 (3) 124, 151, 050 231 270 49 201 Kansas _ _ 98, 392, 064 11, 837, 738 110, 229, 802 266 308 58 233 Kentucky . . . 59, 595, 444 6, 077, 467 65,672,911 105 134 23 86 Louisiana _ 50, 061, 244 4, 637. 202 54, 698, 446 117 142 26 88 Maine _ 30, 127, 083 3, 563', 308 33, 690, 391 202 227 39 169 Maryland _ 74, 413, 453 250 293 44 181 Massachusetts... _ 302, 456, 136 391 440 68 336 Michigan . . . . 302, 711, 398 42, 669, 950 345, 381, 348 358 390 72 282 Minnesota . . . 131, 322, 277 14, 886, 190 146, 208, 467 266 315 55 225 Mississippi _ 48, 650, 500 80 107 24 77 Missouri. . . . 130, 814,041 11, 004, 478 141, 818, 519 199 240 36 165 Montana _ _ i 25, 467, 916 i 3, 818, 202 i 29, 286, 118 257 290 55 211 Nebraska _ _ _ 73, 349, 199 8, 796, 528 82, 145, 727 267 309 60 232 Nevada. . . . 5, 086, 072 888,221 5, 974, 293 303 359 60 314 New Hampshire _ _ 18, 270, 781 2, 056, 803 20, 327, 584 259 296 40 185 New Jersey _ 312, 547, 734 23. 233. 565 335, 781, 299 415 491 78 348 New Mexico _ 11, 027, 713 1, 645, 709 12, 673, 422 128 136 30 97 New York _ 3 903, 271, 779 3 76, 919, 358 » 980, 191, 137 428 491 76 356 North Carolina . . 98, 5S8, 282 11, 737, 211 110, 325, 493 124 145 32 103 North Dakota _ 32, 477, 826 209 258 46 161 Ohio . . . 347, 310, 664 32, 303, 434 379, 614, 098 294 324 57 234 Oklahoma _ _ _ 84, 633, 650 13, 097, 419 97, 731, 069 149 197 39 138 Oregon. . . . . 47, 689, 887 5, 754, 801 53,444,688 284 327 53 258 Pennsylvania _ 535, 027, 940 48, 471, 263 583, 499, 203 291 333 58 233 Rhode Island . . 40, 868, 404 3, 105, 444 43, 973, 848 362 421 65 268 South Carolina _ 38, 637, 604 4,053,889 42, 691, 493 89 116 23 72 South Dakota . . 30, 552, 156 4, 740, 161 35, 292, 317 230 276 51 183 Tennessee _ i 46, 996, 585 i 4, 592, 209 i 51, 588, 794 79 100 18 68 Texas _ _ 304, 247, 139 30, 989, 317 335, 236, 456 246 311 55 201 Utah . . . . 32, 406, 384 3, 518, 605 35, 924, 989 255 286 70 225 Vermont _ _ 11, 568, 949 170 194 30 131 Virginia . . . 63, 177, 871 6, 937, 820 70, 115, 691 118 144 26 97 Washington _ _ _ 75,690,892 10, 336, 371 86, 027, 263 256 312 52 244 West Virginia _ 63, 594, 080 7, 337, 694 70, 931, 774 158 180 39 130 Wisconsin _ 150, 626, 162 19, 486, 239 170,112, 401 295 333 58 230 Wyoming _ 12, 092, 209 1, 126, 723 13, 218, 932 234 284 57 220 Outlying parts cf the United States Alaska.. . _ 1, 580, 819 256 311 25 108 American Samoa _ 36, 500 1, 398 37, 898 18 20 3 11 Canal Zone _ 1, 655, 000 150, 000 1, 805, 000 263 303 36 164 Hawaii . 10, 560, 697 2, 285, 964 12, 846, 661 151 160 33 111 Philippine Islands _ 4 23, 744, 137 19 22 2 7 Puerto Rico . . . 10, 232, 851 1, 235, 910 11, 468, 761 45 51 7 20 Virein Islands. _ _ 208, 600 11, 144 219, 744 68 80 10 37 1 Statistics of 1934. 3 Statistics of 1932. * Not available. 4 Statistics of 1930. 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 18.— PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDS, STATE DEBTS TO PER¬ MANENT SCHOOL FUNDS, AND SCHOOL LANDS, 1935-36 State or outlying part PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDS UNSOLD SCHOOL LANDS State County Local Total Number of acres Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U. S . Alabama . . . . . $457,297,750 $17, 440, 730 $52, 727, 127 $527,465,607 41, 599, 650 $260, 476, 298 3, 392,889 2, 180, 539 2, 228, 733 10, 584, 967 10, 756, 978 2, 108, 616 1, 939, 120 4, 765, 950 8, 050, 404 681, 433 17, 716, 950 4, 325, 045 10, 780, 275 2, 367, 627 3,339,634 508,000 5,000,000 5, 913, 702 73, 196, 674 1,036,400 75, 843 3,468,732 2, 180, 539 2, 228, 733 10, 584, 967 10, 756, 978 3, 084, 503 1, 999, 120 4, 765, 950 8, 050, 404 46, 422, 371 20, 210, 785 4,325,045 10, 780, 275 2, 367, 627 3,339,634 1,326,458 5,000, 000 5, 913, 702 73, 196, 674 1,036,400 7,475,299 17,654,611 10, 853, 877 2, 923,095 849, 336 13, 083, 660 3, 362, 740 9, 826, 862 1, 500, 000 43, 000,000 3,910, 200 38, 186, 514 8, 880, 946 1, 526, 836 340, 300 14, 030, 792 52, 075, 687 5, 931, 972 1, 376, 367 6, 647, 014 25,875, 210 6, 647, 014 10, 598, 897 19, 869,481 13, 000 7, 500, 000 4,856 850, 000 2, 895, 737 2, 000, 000 20, 000, 000 200, 000 2, 550, 000 28, 957, 370 Colorado 1 _ 975, 887 60,000 Delaware _ _ _ Florida _ 176, 240 2, 417, 238 8,275 540 881, 200 24, 172, 379 Idaho _ Illinois . . . . 45, 740, 938 2, 493. 835 Indiana _ _ 5,444 Iowa. . Kansas . Kentucky _ _ 240 1, 000 Louisiana _ 151, 796 2,000, 000 Maine _ 818,458 M assachusetts . . Michigan _ 4,816 675, 471 4, 816 3. 377, 355 Minnesota _ Mississippi. ... _ _ Missouri _ _ _ 6, 738, 115 1, 737, 184 Montana _ _ _ 17, 654,611 10, 853, 877 2, 923, 095 59, 967 12, 776,045 3, 362, 740 9, 826, 862 1, 500, 000 43, 000, 000 3, 910, 200 38, 186, 514 8, 880, 946 1, 526, 836 340, 300 14, 030, 792 40, 680, 6 -*7 5, 931,972 1, 376, 367 6, 611,401 25, 875, 210 6, 647, 014 10, 598, 897 19,869,481 4, 502, 288 1, 605, 437 128,803 45, 022, 882 6, 319, 567 164, 831 Nebraska _ Nevada _ New Hampshire _ . 789, 369 New Jersey _ 307,615 New Mexico _ 8, 196, 000 24, 588, 000 New York 3 _ _ North Carolina North Dakota 3.. . . 1,477, 021 7, 283 i 349, 833 791,154 14, 770, 212 307, 243 5, 767, 899 800, 000 Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ Pennsylvania ... Rhode Island _ South Dakota _ 2, 224,204 190,000 2, 500,000 22,242,040 800, 000 6, 250, 000 Texas 11, 395,000 Utah _ _ _ Vermont _ Virginia _ 35, 613 Washington _ 1,800,000 18, 000, 000 West Virginia 2 . . Wisconsin _ 12, 612 3,116,806 126,000 31, 168,060 Wyoming _ i Statistics of 1934. 3 U. S. Treasury statistics. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 Table 19.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF REVENUE RECEIPTS, 1935-36 State or outlying part TOTAL REVENUE RECEIPTS REVENUE FROM TAXA¬ TION AND APPROPRIATION Receiving and disburs¬ ing body From perma¬ nent funds and land leases From taxa¬ tion and appro¬ priation From other sources, includ¬ ing Federal aid and sub¬ sidies State County Local State and Federal aid and sub¬ sidies County Local 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S... 29.9 7.1 63.0 1.2 95.7 3.1 29.4 7.1 63.5 Alabama . 47.9 35.4 16.7 1.1 91.7 7.2 49.5 38.6 11.9 Arizona . 73.6 2.2 24.2 2.6 94.5 2.9 74.4 2.3 23.3 Arkansas . 38.3 1.6 60.1 .8 92.7 6.5 34.9 1.7 63.4 California . 47.6 1.2 51.2 .4 97.5 2.1 48.2 1.2 50.6 Colorado _ _ _ _ 3.6 24.5 71.9 3.3 94.0 2.7 26.0 74.0 Cornifiotiniit. . _ 9.2 90.8 .5 99.1 .4 8.7 91.3 92.5 7.5 1.6 97.0 1.4 92.3 7.7 14.8 85.2 99.9 .1 14.8 85.2 Florida . 49.8 20.5 29.7 .9 95.8 3.3 50.2 19.2 30.6 Georgia _ 40.7 44.7 14.6 92.9 7.1 42.6 48.1 9.3 Idaho . 12.7 30.1 57.2 6.3 89.3 4.4 6.7 33.7 59.6 9.7 90.3 .3 91.6 8.1 10.0 90.0 Indiana _ 27.5 72.5 2.0 95.1 2.9 26.5 73.5 Iowa. . 2.0 2.7 95.3 .5 98.2 1.3 1.1 2.3 96.6 Kansas . 2.6 14.1 83.3 1.9 93.9 4.2 .3 14.9 84.8 Kentucky . 39.3 24.8 35.9 .6 93.9 5.5 40.0 25.1 34.9 Louisiana. . 47.8 39.4 12.8 1.7 96.4 1.9 47.8 38.9 13.3 Maine _ 29.6 70.4 .8 94.3 4.9 30.5 69.5 Maryland _ 23.9 30.4 45.7 99.3 .7 23.6 30.4 46.0 Massachusetts _ 11.2 88.8 .2 98.6 1.2 10.7 89.3 Michigan _ _ _ 42.1 .4 57.5 .4 92.6 7.0 44.5 .3 55.2 Minnesota . 33.1 5.0 61.9 6.8 88.6 4.6 29.2 4.2 66.6 Mississippi . 42.2 18.1 39.7 2.2 96.4 1.4 41.8 18.8 39.4 Missouri . 23.4 5.7 70.9 .9 98.3 .8 23.0 5.1 71.9 Montana . 10.3 19.1 70.6 7.8 84.5 7.7 2.5 22.6 74.9 Nebraska _ 7.9 .4 91.7 6.2 79.3 14.5 1.0 99.0 Nevada . . . 23.7 33.6 42.7 7.0 85.9 7.1 16.5 33.9 49.6 New Hampshire _ _ 7.9 92. 1 1.0 97.9 1.1 7.6 92.4 New Jersey . 2.7 18.7 78.6 .6 96.6 2.8 2.0 19.3 78.7 New Mexico . . . 60.6 19.6 19.8 17.2 81.0 1.8 51.7 23.9 24.4 New York _ 37. 1 62.9 99.0 1.0 37.2 62.8 North Carolina _ 86.3 13.7 98.7 1.3 86.2 13.8 North Dakota. . . 26.8 16.5 56.7 12.2 78.5 9.3 24.3 11.7 64.0 Ohio . . 37.3 1.2 61.5 .3 97.8 1.9 37.4 1.2 61.4 Oklahoma _ 33.4 66.6 4.9 91.6 3.5 30.2 69. 8 Oregon _ 2.3 28.7 69.0 1.9 94.0 4.1 30.5 69.5 Pennsylvania _ _ 21.5 78.5 0) 99.6 .4 21.2 78.8 Rhode Island _ 6.3 93.7 .4 99.2 .4 5.8 94.2 Sooth Carolina. . 49.4 5.6 45.0 95.4 4.6 49.8 4.8 45.4 South Dakota _ 11.3 88.7 8.8 88.4 2.8 2.5 97.5 Tennessee _ _ 22.5 59.0 18.5 89.6 10.4 23.6 56.4 20.0 Texas . 55.7 9.8 34.5 5.0 91.7 3.3 54.3 10.1 35.6 Utah . . . 42.4 57.6 1.6 92.7 5.7 43.7 56.3 Vermont _ 19.1 80.9 2.0 91. 1 6.9 17.9 82.1 Virginia . 32.6 38.6 28.8 1. 1 88.9 10.0 32.7 37.7 29.6 Washington . 48.2 9.7 42.1 4.3 90.1 5.6 48.0 10.8 41.2 West Virginia _ 50.5 49.5 98.9 1.1 50.8 49.2 Wisconsin . . . 17.4 10.2 72.4 1.0 96.8 2.2 16.2 10.5 73.3 Wyoming . . 27.7 19.0 53.3 21.0 73.3 5.7 7.6 26.0 66.4 Outlying parts of the United States Ameriean Samoa 100. 0 100.0 100.0 Canal Zone _ 100.0 91.6 8.4 100.0 Guam _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 Hawaii _ 86.8 13.2 97.0 3.0 86.4 13.6 Puerto Rieo__ 78.8 21.2 95.8 4.2 77.9 22.1 i Less than 0.05 percent. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 20.— RECEIPTS FROM PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDS AND LEASES OF SCHOOL LANDS, 1935-36 State RECEIPTS FROM— TOTAL RECEIPTS FROM PERMANENT FUNDS AND LEASES OF SCHOOL LANDS Permanent funds Leases of school lands State County Local Total, including un¬ distributed items Amount Per pupil enrolled * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental U. S. $21, 014, 735 $3,355, 738 $22,212,424 $1, 080,429 $1, 077, 620 $24, 370, 473 $0. 92 Alabama _ 190, 360 190, 360 190, 360 .28 Arizona. _ . _ 61,' 234 120,603 181, 837 181, 837 1. 82 102, 318 102, 318 102,318 .22 California _ 593j 544 15, 707 609, 251 609, 251 .53 Colorado _ 69L 773 691, 773 691, 773 2. 89 Connecticut _ 155, 491 90, 336 65, 155 155. 491 .48 66; 250 66, 250 66, 250 1.44 Florida 211, 185 211, 185 211, 185 .55 Idaho _ 577, 710 577, 710 577, 710 4.77 Illinois _ 361, 811 361, 811 361, 811 .27 Indiana _ 1, 033, 227 912, 430 120,797 1,033.227 1.49 Iowa _ 207, 535 207, 535 207, 535 .39 "Kansas 484, 7Q2 484, 702 484,702 1.17 Kentucky _ 141, 148 141, 148 141, 148 .22 Louisiana _ 114, 403 242, 727 114, 403 242, 727 3-57,130 .77 Maine _ _ _ 66, 670 21, 180 45, 490 66, 670 .40 M assachusetts _ 195, 770 195, 770 195, 770 .25 Michigan _ _ _ 394, 198 394, 198 394, 198 .41 Minnesota.. .. .. „ _ 2, 847, 337 (i) 2, 847, 337 2, 847, 337 5. 19 Mississippi . 62, 192 212, 791 62, 192 212, 791 274, 983 .49 Missouri _ 348, 415 281,059 67, 356 348, 415 .49 Montana 1, 025, 492 0) 1, 025, 492 1, 025, 492 9 01 Nebraska 1, 107, 927 42, 221 1, 150. 148 1, 150, 148 3.73 Nevada. _ 142, 198 18, 976 161, 174 161, 174 8.17 New Hampshire _ 68, 642 2, 389 66, 253 68, 642 .88 New Jersey 529, 518 507, 744 21, 774 529, 518 .65 New Mexico _ 123, 181 1, 106, 893 1, 220, 074 10, 000 1, 230, 074 12.40 North Dakota 464, 838 712, 167 652, 136 524, 869 1, 177, 005 7. 59 Ohio 202, 431 106, 870 202, 431 106,870 309, 301 .24 Oklahoma 2 _ 1,424, 855 1, 424, 855 1, 424, 855 2. 17 Oregon _ 323, 388 0) 323, 388 323, 388 1.72 Pennsylvania _ ... 32, 510 32, 510 32, 510 .02 Rhode Island 47, 059 15, 962 31, 097 47, 059 .39 South Dakota _ 710, 188 348, 984 1, 059, 172 1, 059, 172 6. 92 Texas _ 3, 024, 891 2, 509 3, 027, 400 3, 027, 400 2. 19 Utah . 166, 232 166, 232 166, 232 1. 18 Vermont.. 68, 151 25, 788 93, 939 93, 939 1.38 Virginia _ 253, 860 253, 860 253, 860 .43 Washington _ 1, 152, 293 138, 533 1, 290, 826 1, 290, 826 3.84 Wisconsin.. 431, 409 431, 409 431, 409 .75 Wyoming.... _ 808, 399 260, 969 1, 069, 368 1,069, 368 18. 97 i Included in column 2. 2 Statistics of 1934-35. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 Table 21.— INCOME FROM APPROPRIATION AND TAXATION, 1935-36 State or outlying part 1 Continental U. S. . Alabama _ _ _ Arizona _ Arkansas . . . . California . . . Colorado . ._ . Connecticut . . Delaware _ _ _ District of Columbia . . . Florida . . . . . Georgia . Idaho . . . . . Illinois— . . Indiana . . . Iowa _ Kansas . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana . Maine _ _ Maryland . . Massachusetts . Michigan . . . Minnesota _ _ Mississippi- . . . . Missouri. . Montana . . . Nebraska . — Nevada _ _ _ _ New Hampshire . . . New Jersey.. . . . . . New Mexico.— . . . New York . . . . . North Carolina * . . . North Dakota _ Ohio . . — . . . Oklahoma * . . . Oregon _ _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania . Rhode Island _ South Carolina . . . . . South Dakota . Tennessee _ _ Texas . . Utah . . . . . Vermont _ Virginia . . Washington— . West Virginia . Wisconsin _ _ Wyoming . . . Outlying parts of the United States American Samoa _ _ Canal Zone . Guam . . . . Hawaii . . Puerto Rico . — . State County Local Total 2 3 4 5 $555, 353, 854 $133, 418,211 $1, 196,983, 775 $1,885,755,840 7, 623,613 5, 943, 793 1, 836, 964 15, 404, 370 4, 958,033 155, 527 1, 553, 005 6, 666, 565 4, 056, 524 202, 812 7, 369, 765 11, 629, 101 69, 541, 547 1, 720, 109 73, 124, 358 144, 386, 014 5, 173, 080 14, 696, 918 19, 869, 998 2, 617, 442 27, 590, 876 30, 208, 318 3, 817, 718 320, 481 4, 138, 199 i 1, 710, 277 9,809, 876 11, 520, 153 11, 163,450 4, 283, 137 6, 807, 855 22, 254, 442 8, 002, 219 9, 028, 025 1, 740, 210 18, 770, 454 553, 723 2,773,655 4, 904, 966 8, 232, 344 11, 666, 322 104, 502,831 116, 169, 153 12, 705, 253 35, 262, 029 47, 967, 282 427, 183 875, 633 36, 950, 957 38, 253, 773 73, 650 3, 578,854 20, 318, 751 23, 971, 255 8, 303,670 5, 197, 052 7, 251, 150 20,751,872 9, 643, 137 7, 841, 539 2, 671, 444 20, 156, 120 2, 558, 666 5, 823, 890 8, 382, 556 5, 334, 403 6, 887, 579 10, 396, 210 22, 618, 192 8, 143, 303 68, 279,829 76, 423, 132 38,438,437 228,000 47, 589,849 86,256,286 10, 844, 355 1, 567, 262 24, 758, 751 37, 170, 368 5, 040, 900 2, 270, 967 4, 761, 765 12, 073, 632 8, 613, 008 1, 902, 339 26, 943, 869 37, 459, 216 281, 484 2, 507, 253 8, 304, 826 11, 093, 563 154, 551 14, 612, 143 14, 766, 694 325, 980 669, 652 980, 454 1, 976, 086 515, 209 6, 220, 093 6, 735, 302 1, 851, 696 17, 609, 787 72, 003, 922 91, 465, 405 2, 989, 363 1, 380, 020 1, 413, 829 5, 783, 212 119, 038, 946 200,857, 208 319, 896, 154 20, 379, 847 3, 271, 646 23, 651, 493 1, 846, 359 884, 731 4, 849, 356 7, 580, 446 43, 687, 362 1, 387, 563 71, 809, 002 116, 883,927 7, 983, 116 18,435, 324 26, 418, 440 4, 910, 502 11, 185, 537 16, 096, 039 34, 404, 707 128, 170, 606 162, 575, 313 719, 397 11, 664, 948 12, 384, 345 6, 304, 150 608,271 5, 755, 241 12, 667, 662 271, 680 4 10, 418, 941 10, 690, 621 4, 242, 269 10, 150, 779 3, 608, 786 18, 001, 834 30, 496, 196 5, 672, 415 19, 964, 720 56, 133, 331 4, 193, 779 5, 405, 594 9, 599, 373 769, 973 3, 536, 114 4, 306, 087 6, 409, 550 7, 406, 135 5,806, 730 19, 622, 415 12, 912, 171 2, 896, 836 11, 058, 415 26, 867, 422 12,858, 485 12,463,897 25, 322, 382 6, 597, 218 4, 273, 992 29, 914, 443 40, 785, 653 283, 533 967, 015 2, 469, 298 3, 719, 846 20, 305 20, 305 i 432, 105 432, 105 67, 852 67, 852 4,974,850 782, 203 5, 757, 053 4, 266, 095 1, 212, 347 5. 478, 442 i Federal funds. 3 State school commission. 3 Statistics of 1934-35. 4 Includes sales and income tax. Table 22.— INCOME FROM MISCELLANEOUS REVENUE SOURCES, FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, AND EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS, AND TOTAL REVENUE RECEIPTS, 1935-36 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 NC^ONO NWO»0(N lO - CO »0 00 iOOOJO lO ocoo §ss ? 05 O 05 00 > CO T-t io <0»CNCO 2 pip __ S-SfcS OPQfnO c3 M cl O c3 33 S ’SS § g'o3 d c§ wpSSS « a M to CL.-« CO ||!il tj co co r} O fl CO CTJ g SSSss STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 isssS sss§§ SS1I1 SISsI Isll mm mm mm mm am sgs'sa' assess gal-5 in m °‘5»‘ IS' 8IS1I mis Hiss sslsl s mm Ms's'll' I'S'llS gills' S' a »s- g^ss* =§‘=“s a Is IS IS isl i ill i 1 i is j II i is Ills i i i g i fig iei i ;§§ i © ; S j i j If i if lil'S" HI *; i N 1 1 1—T H l rf ! ^ *o i >00 of of tj>* " : : 13111 IslIS IS11S llssi sill iss’i’i isiii 1's'g's'i mm 1111 -T 5 i »l 215, 051 45, 940 170, 217 299, 944 77, 654 84, 332 45,000 182, 546 229, 457 41, 308 591, 692 265, 162 151, 479 117, 962 245, 217 202, 524 52, 112 101, 695 313, 486 368, 227 207, 132 133, 000 289, 357 43, 220 Subsidies from edu¬ cational founda¬ tions X' 5© i i I il i i i i s is j j i i ii i i i i i i i§ i i or i j : j j j |*o j 1 i i il i i - i j ;3f j j NONREVENUE RECEIPTS Total g § i 3, 607, 334 564, 085 890, 666 18,645,113 916, 932 782, 440 11, 988 i, 223, 334 1, 321, 078 962, 776 29, 155, 673 9, 492, 481 4, 294, 056 1, 168, 099 851, 023 630, 782 291, 994 1, 661, 354 (2) 11, 844, 017 7, 247, 707 1, 642, 792 6, 783, 001 616, 778 Other non¬ revenue receipts i s 288, 561 135, 961 120, 076 51, 964 5, 435 245, 359 228, 538 3, 575, 033 3, 301, 272 2, 546, 447 218, 595 291, 484 i il il i i® iliffi : :*r : : ! : : From sales of property and insur¬ ance ad¬ justments - 1 S 2 S3 i M is S2 j i i \° it i ssls i sliS II ill is i i Ss i** i i h ; : From loans and bond sales N ill si si Sil 3, 044, 547 417, 696 770, 590 18, 645, 113 916, 932 730, 486 805, 546 1, 321, 078 671, 921 24, 181, 673 5, 976, 314 1, 543, 848 1, 168, 099 564, 867 265, 800 1, 551, 297 (2) 11, 722, 341 3, 677, 559 1, 542, 792 2, 249, 450 595, 200 GO j ; ; ; ; j ; j j i STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 sSSii i :ii llW 1 !fs " s" 2, 801, 628 13, 819, 259 3, 128, 290 1,780,697 0, 097, 843 2, 795, 917 10, 946, 269 1, 699, 163 1, 731, 191 5, 534, 233 1, 233, 871 19, 604, 498 890, 406 ; 82, 462 19, 499, 475 2, 818, 319 7, 778, 785 101,044,859 7, 872, 421 343, 377, 004 23, 957, 442 11,040,346 128, 054, 073 32, 351,861 22, 072, 529 197,821,381 12,018,445 15, 099, 180 13,704,015 22, 076, 384 65, 212, 179 11.429. 474 5, 271,711 24, 993, 155 30. 903. 475 20, 039, 084 45, 085, 640 5, 207, 505 20, 305 471, 535 67, 852 5, 932, 213 5, 718, 765 17, 905, 788 980, 454 7, 238, 187 80, 707, 299 2,146,527 223, 610, 754 3, 271, 646 6, 708, 374 82, 107, 615 22, 723, 071 10, 709, 785 162, 665, 875 12, 133, 545 7, 799, 374 12, 336, 617 4,830,313 24, 119, 324 7, 040, 323 4, 370, 549 6, 921, 489 13, 641, 707 ill ill is?'* • s 1 m is! | isi ig :1s! : :1s - : : . 575, 730 267, 730 304, 445 909, 425 769, 532 854, 184 ’"I,*i43,*835* 246, 917 Salaries and expenses of supervisors and principals and salaries of teachers US i i 3 -T » 11,340, 128 4, 401, 346 6, 345,406 80, 316, 836 11, 296, 763 17, 697, 870 2, 617,809 7, 262, 029 11, 224, 666 12, 357, 797 4, 405, 058 65, 278, 969 29, 170, 637 21, 744, 727 16, 339, 497 14, 657, 958 10, 722, 402 5,017, 958 12, 801, 048 51, 121, 018 46, 766, 719 24, 148, 875 8, 515, 642 26, 814, 232 5, 738,011 GENERAL CONTROL Total s 3 i 733, 453 419,690 469, 865 4, 028, 126 649,495 882, 254 137, 579 214, 568 654, 042 861, 615 412, 150 3, 304,369 1, 089, 217 1,065,932 1,000, 706 1, 140,988 795, 332 310, 044 596, 855 2, 708, 013 3, 502, 880 2, 326, 709 476, 405 337, 450 816, 392 Salaries and expenses of office assist¬ ants, clerks, and stenog¬ raphers e* $20, 037, 386 164,696 143,652 66,570 373, 480 71, 520 101, 934 431, 297 156, 953 . 241, 349* 105, 637 588, 987 520, 586 459, 613 51,740 123, 837 . 120,' 196* 140,000 386, 667 Salaries and ex¬ penses of administra¬ tive officers w s s E 568, 757 276,038 403. 295 508, 774 66, 059 112, 634 222, 745 255, 197 ”“847, '868* 960. 295 411. 719 620, 402 335. 719 258, 304 473,018 '**’356, '209' 197, 450 429, 725 State or outlying part - Continental U. S . Alabama.. . Arizona . Arkansas _ California . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware . . District of Columbia . Florida.. . Georgia. . Idaho . Illinois.. . . . Indiana . Iowa . Kansas . . Kentucky . Louisiana . . Maine . Maryland- . . Michigan.. . Minnesota . Mississippi . . . . Missouri- . Montana . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 834,994 126, 276 147, 268 2, 864,612 334, 121 8, 197, 628 1, 026, 477 332, 482 3, 635, 005 933, 328 565, 355 4,834, 232 286, 856 433, 624 399, 094 535, 352 1,914,896 393, 910 193, 424 479, 572 1, 504, 330 818, 134 1, 982, 590 196, 914 1 iis 1 ill is IS” 2 isr* i "i 2,262,283 220, 104 598, 719 8, 227, 816 492, 496 21, 558, 143 1, 180, 755 1, 278, 861 11, 146, 055 1, 929, 986 1,417, 844 13, 670, 925 1, 138, 324 527, 211 1, 426, 751 1, 215, 559 4, 389, 870 816,413 465, 604 1,316, 470 2, 515, 083 1,911,918 5, 153, 523 341, 772 i ill § isi si* £ir i i 1,356,016 103, 902 292, 254 2, 993, 358 279, 878 8, 889, 306 715, 398 875, 440 5, 049, 850 978, 320 666, 433 5, 658, 473 477, 141 316, 770 712, 738 360,396" 262, 163 692, 189 902, 027 2, 936, 489 223, 545 i | ii i 9 ill is i s is i i i i i i 906, 267 116, 202 306, 465 5,234,458 212, 618 12, 668, 837 465, 357 403, 421 6, 096, 205 951, 666 751,411 8, 012, 452 661, 183 210, 441 502,821 456,' ’617’ 203, 441 624, 281 1, 009, 891 2, 217, 034 118, 227 1 i i ii*i 1 iss !* iir : ; 12, 134, 827 1, 515, 398 3, 925, 875 54, 420, 617 3,953,633 203, 398, 300 18, 050, 700 6, 224, 766 68, 105, 109 15, 800, 710 9,097, 405 102, 318, 336 7, 272, 321 8, 993, 616 6, 889, 803 14, 255, 021 46, 338,145 5, 975, 491 2, 616, 683 14, 336, 795 16, 556, 734 17, 596, 934 30, 038, 225 3, 005, 122 ssss 1 ill $*** 1 jgS ilgsl ssSsI 11SSI gg»§S 2ssS tfesr i§is§ mm iiis to CO r-r ills 1 ill i«s« £ is" i i ISIS i S isi i 115 is illlS SS1§ i s \m \ m is iisss im H | N | H j • | i 1 : | ; 197, 873 2,483 543, 704 124, 678 724, 695 4, 550, 530 748, 273 9,262,899 2, 032, 037 1, 073, 534 6, 604, 090 1, 274, 451 980, 992 6, 412, 883 660, 776 945, 393 1, 521, 719 1, 233, 597 2, 841,079 683, 510 323, 513 1, 801, 726 1,650,312 1,440, 801 1,725, 779 854, 951 19,839 190 26, 013 340,332 1,742 1 illS 83SS8 iis is g i § !?r mm is* $ * ~ : ; 19, 923 80, 224 265,985 88, 356 786, 540 359, 523 § 49, 432 1 ilil i i !i i | 211,124 9,717 19, 623 560, 239 54, 758 85,014 660 Sis ils! S3 is* :§Scf I i i i i i i i 1 i 255,280 | 118, 101 457, 892 2, 178, 206 657, 715 4, 967, 463 1, 967, 467 709, 978 5,439,474 1, 223,948 824,048 3, 225, 582 174, 822 860, 379 252, 448 1,117, 281 2,841,079 606, 736 224, 020 1, 303, 305 1, 500, 748 1,101,998 725, 481 453, 844 16,411 190 26,013 82, 901 6, 577 96, 371 1, 257, 844 45, 297 2, 624, 213 12, 027 45, 760 422, 772 16,557 61,663 1, 438, 314 102,405 35, 295 33, 136 19, 269 100, 918 149, 564 75, 730 146, 510 15, 747 ; : i i 286,919 1,740 3 1 138 i i *!!** ii j j ; ; i§s 11 i i i«” sg ; ! j j : i : i is ilSi i is is “S3 i i i i i i i i i 1 i 1 ! eo ; iiiii j i iiiii j i ! ! ! 1 ! ! 1 j | i i i i i i i 2 ; j j j iijjl ; i i : Mils ! i i ! . .Ill y i i \i i I £5 iiiii mi! hi £££00 OfcPiM t-E-P < 00 •*« id 'tOHOW N id O O 00 so » General control Oi NCOMiOO lOiOHOiOO 00 CO iO e4 oo i Capital outlay OO QD GO lO O 05 CO TjiSOOOOt^ HCOIONN 0* i-» SO SO o cd so id »d 05 r-’ cd cdo505t^c5 cd * 05 »d oi e* r-H Operation, mainte¬ nance, auxiliary agencies, and fixed charges so 05 CO >ONXN © t''- CO SO CO HIO^NN lOHTfrO id © oo id 05 oo o 05 Hcidedo id r-4 05 ^4 06 HNHHH N N N N (N H (N N N H Instruction Total for instruc¬ tion Cl. 9 N CO Tji ooor^rr OOOONN 00 C* 00 CO 00 so c4 cd oo oc so id 05 05 oo oo lO so so lO SO SO lO so 1C so lOiOiOiOlO SO so so lO SO Text-books and other instruc¬ tional supplies - 3.4 CONTfOrH O 00 N N CO OONON O 00 SO 05 i-H i-4 cd i-4 ^ ^ id cd cd cd oi i-4 ci ^ Salaries of teachers, supervisors, and prin¬ cipals eo 58.5 oo »o o> *o eo ooooooo nooooo oo o c4 o rf^'-i c-^'ooido t-I r-^ oi *o ui U5U30U3 0 <0 50 «0 O *0 U3 *0 *0 *Q 0*0*0*0 0 General control N 3.4 *0 0*0 0**0 rtiOONM 00 t-. *OOl^COfcO (N CO CO rH CO OO«3C0O (N00»0»00 CO t#< t>. 05 05 N^»C 05 t#< CO CO 40 04 CO CO CO © t* t>rHC00505 CO 40* 05 CO t* t* 05* 40 t* C5* CO t* i : : ; : lii III i 10 i M ; : 4.8 7.4 21.3 6.7 10.8 6.8 10.1 11.3 6.0 8.7 9.3 5.6 6.8 6.9 3.1 12.7 6.2 6.1 12.6 9.2 9.2 10.5 14.3 3.2 12. 1 8.9 3.9 7.3 4.3 3.3 co ! eo oo oo o • : eo* r-i cd i “ : : 20.4 24.2 20.0 16.0 23.2 20.5 22.6 22.6 18.4 25.0 17.6 16.0 26.8 21.0 18.7 20.4 18.4 19.6 14.6 28.2 15.0 14.0 19.5 25.1 16.9 21.2 18.6 20.6 27.6 20.9 .9 13.4 7.1 11.2 !. j££ j (NOiNCIH -SH 0 >-1 T* IN OOOOCCi-HOS 5DIMOSOM OS 00 SO OS 50 CO 00 sfOHdd sdsd^cd^- ed *^t-*cd ' cd^cdr-J^ ^cdsd^-r-; 11.4 6.2 9.3 1.5 !.so NNOSSOX OS CS OS OS CO 00 00 50 Tu’sdci ‘t-: sdcd *d coed ed cd cd cd ^5 cd sd cd cd ed^cdsded rtiededsd 3.2 15.1 4.8 3.4 3.0 3.0 6.4 10.2 Michigan.. . Minnesota _ Mississippi . Missouri . . . Montana... . Nebraska . . . . . Nevada . . . . . New Hampshire . . New Jersey . . . . New Mexico . . . New York . . . North Carolina. . North Dakota . . Ohio . . . Oklahoma Oregon. . . . Pennsylvania _ _ _ Rhode Island . . South Carolina... _ _ South Dakota . . . . . Tennessee Utah. . . . . Vermont . . Virginia.. . . . Washington . West. Virginia Wisconsin . . Wyoming. _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . American Samoa Canal Zone . . Guam . . . . . Hawaii . . . PhiliDDine Islands _ Mi M! !!! lii ?! 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 O £ t— i A W <1 w w w H O Ph TO Eh £ W 2 W CO p W CO I— I A A J2J <1 co” A M P OS HH w „ §g 0Q§ pg H- H HH kJ HH m <5 O* 05 40 © o MCONHO) 03 rH CO CO |h» CO CO Q 05 CO 00 CO CO CO • ^ ^ -00 o u* - d w co r„ p; 5 C3 °i2 - S’iiqV |sS||-s ft’O’o ."5^ 2 2 © g73-g g £ 3o § gS 03 ^ = -S “« Lh O o fl. ^ a w#sr a a- 9 08 *,=3 P*co 3S O^OCIO CO 00 co co 00 00 00 40 CO 00 10 00^00 o^cco^ »owco*o^ 00 1C O 05 O O0 05 CO rH (M o o - - M - 40 < H c4" CO CO CO 05 40 CO OH co co CO CO (M ^ ' 40 rH (M CO r- CO ^ rH (M rH ^ 00 40 CCNIMCOW CO^ COO N«40^40 O O 00 CM 05 oo co "38 t^t^o* '*# Tfl »H^40 05*tT tC (M t>. O CM rH 40 CO CC n CO CO rHOOOONH 05 rH 40 CO CO C^t^O500O5 I *0 N 05 N- I OO 5 ^ O rOO rH > CM h 3“o CC<<00 OfiQfeO >>t. & H ® c3 B 3 S 5 03 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 206, 185,402 176,962,619 38,093, 926 111, 305, 477 89, 154,829 72,998, 446 8,115, 078 17, 002, 662 165,894,337 36,364,283 433,007, 149 17, 956, 754 80, 167, 766 195, 113, 501 115, 476, 215 49,359, 136 354, 946, 718 24, 293, 500 30, 822, 103 64, 922, 431 20, 710, 409 275, 456, 214 38, 570, 109 10, 841,070 48, 277, 151 110,904,694 68, 421, 415 162, 230, 659 58. 655. 702 ! ; r \ ii i i ;g i i § is" ! - • « la ; : : ; : : : 268,957,295 112,342,645 26, 272,324 96,383, 176 20, 944, 232 51, 151, 359 4, 568, 326 12, 390, 755 300, 323,961 12,967, 791 958, 723,900 120, 689, 551 26, 848, 624 336, 032, 295 83, 547,058 38,999, 776 461, 392, 278 41,001,459 33, 640, 791 27, 450,616 55, 750,686 205, 306, 533 23, 337, 556 7, 375,957 55, 209, 900 56, 981,356 37, 430, 568 83, 624, 268 11.698.682 i r f 21,434 471, 535 67, 099 5, 642,886 B : f i * i j 11,020,661 4,450,311 974, 114 2, 837, 940 1,745,362 586, 178 212, 196 587, 194 10, 184,067 478, 350 24, 319,685 2, 003, 957 2,712,762 17, 930, 405 3,342, 523 3,604, 547 27, 681, 235 900, 099 1, 024, 899 893,524 1, 318, 177 4. 742, 533 816, 130 545. 994 1,439, 845 3.742, 297 913, 500 2, 208, 916 511.787 : : : : i if iii ii; !|| [I J : ? ! : 1 79,344,700 46, 128, 527 16, 699, 786 40,443, 741 11,179,917 19, 914, 327 2, 457, 019 6, 769, 748 88, 968, 437 6, 767, 741 327, 503, 230 28, 669, 128 10,839, 926 115, 452, 021 24, 753, 787 15, 745, 561 157, 299, 364 11,878, 178 14, 616, 167 12; 737, 654 22,039, 573 72, 340, 085 10, 412, 523 4, 162, 268 23, 270,055 27, 238, 961 24, 439, 668 46,467,800 5. 174. 036 695, 162 21, 434 471, 535 67,099 5, 642, 886 12, 526, 998 ii ii » £8 iSS 1 iS i i SiiSi III SI iss § is i i §SSSI‘ ill gei - H : j ! n Virgin Islands _ I * Cities only. 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 29.— PER CAPITA COST OF EDUCATION, 1935-36 State or outlying part Continental U. S. Alabama— . . . . Arizona . . Arkansas . . California _ Colorado _ _ Connecticut . Delaware _ _ _ District of Columbia . . Florida . . Georgia . . Idaho . . Illinois-. . . Indiana . . Iowa.. . . Kansas — . . Kentucky . . Louisiana . . Maine _ ; _ _ _ Maryland _ Massachusetts . . Michigan. . . Minnesota . . Mississippi . . Missouri . Montana . . Nebraska . Nevada . . New Hampshire . . New Jersey . . New Mexico _ New York . . North Carolina . North Dakota . Ohio... . Oklahoma . . Oregon . . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . . . South Carolina . . South Dakota . . Tennessee . . Texas . — . . Utah . . Vermont . . . . Virginia . . Washington . . West Virginia . . Wisconsin . . Wyoming... . . Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . . American Samoa.. Canal Zone . Guam . . Hawaii . . . Philippine Islands. Puerto Rico. . Virgin Islands _ ANNUAL COST OF EDUCATION Daily cost per pupil in average daily attendance Total per capita of popula¬ tion Per pupil enrolled Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance For current expense 1 For capital outlay For current expense 1 For capital outlay For current expense 1 For capital outlay 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $15. 33 $67.88 $6. 50 $80. 26 $7. 68 $9,464 $0,044 7.24 24.17 6. 36 30.14 7.93 .219 .058 18. 52 72. 75 2. 61 90. 84 3.26 .540 .019 5. 15 21. 23 1. 35 27. 15 1. 73 .181 .012 25. 23 110. 09 23. 95 125. 13 27. 22 .706 .154 17.59 73. 81 4. 40 94. 53 5. 63 .559 .033 16. 57 85. 02 3.88 98. 51 4. 50 .539 .025 21.01 87.68 30. 14 101. 98 35. 06 .562 .193 18. 04 99. 80 10. 87 122. 10 13. 30 .694 .076 12. 66 50.09 3.78 63. 03 4. 76 .366 .028 6. 53 25. 70 .99 33. 13 1.28 .208 .008 17. 90 62.30 9.44 73.79 11. 17 .429 .065 15. 49 82.39 8. 75 94. 65 10. 06 .529 .056 14. 42 65. 10 6. 86 72. 59 7.65 .424 .045 15.31 67. 17 5. 22 78. 69 6.11 .446 .035 15. 46 63. 88 6. 51 73. 94 7. 54 .430 .044 7. 50 31.93 2.48 40. 91 3. 17 .260 .020 8. 82 38. 87 1.24 47. 09 1. 50 .298 .010 9. 95 50. 56 .30 56. 64 .34 .322 .002 13. 87 70.02 7.46 82. 10 8. 75 .441 .047 17. 77 95. 27 5. 40 107. 26 6. 08 .606 .034 16.59 78. 43 3. 92 85. 32 4.26 .493 .025 17.51 77.80 6. 18 92. 12 7.31 .533 .042 8. 32 21. 61 5.86 29. 01 7. 87 .219 .059 10. 22 53.56 3. 25 64.46 3. 92 .362 .022 21. 05 87. 64 10.64 98. 85 12.00 .562 .068 14. 60 60.28 4. 38 69. 89 5. 08 .399 .029 24. 57 120. 20 12.58 132. 77 14. 90 .764 .086 13. 33 76. 56 9. 75 87. 57 11. 15 .496 .063 20. 56 102. 75 6. 55 121. 60 7. 75 .651 .041 16.04 62.24 5. 90 66.04 6.26 .376 .036 25.32 128.22 13. 21 146. 90 15. 12 .790 .081 8. 29 30. 45 1.80 35. 63 2. 11 .221 .013 15.42 65.89 4. 03 81. 10 4. 97 .432 .026 17. 20 82.76 6. 15 91. 21 6.78 .498 .037 9. 79 36. 45 1. 17 48. 23 1. 55 .277 .009 15.48 72.97 10. 63 84. 03 12.24 .487 .071 15. 52 73. 51 4. 90 84.28 5. 62 .465 .031 17.44 91. 30 5. 97 106. 17 6. 94 .603 .039 7.86 26. 74 3. 85 34. 70 4.99 .226 .033 18. 41 75. 49 7.68 90.34 9.19 .522 .053 7. 70 30.64 3. 10 38. 91 3.93 .235 .024 11.83 47.44 5. 57 60. 00 7. 04 .356 .042 20.18 63.24 10.58 71. 03 11.88 .409 .068 10.95 59. 18 1. 92 67. 58 2.19 .388 .013 8. 71 35. 38 4. 72 41. 66 5. 72 .247 .034 16.58 73.92 7. 20 89. 95 8. 77 .497 .048 13. 36 52. 22 2.12 59. 57 2. 42 .344 .014 15. 98 74.11 5. 86 83.78 6. 63 .467 .037 22. 21 87. 84 3. 92 106. 49 4. 76 .603 .027 11. 21 1.95 9. 43 3. 05 14. 36 108. 75 10.10 68. 50 14. 75 63. 43 3.72 132. 19 11. 22 4. 52 .763 .026 .20 79. 00 15. 26 .23 .398 .083 .001 2.16 67.29 2.29 .366 .012 .94 8.93 1.20 10.03 1. 34 .051 .007 3. 19 20.57 .82 23.53 .94 .121 .005 4. 73 31.49 .34 37.33 .40 .199 .002 1 Includes interest as in previous years. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 101 Table 30.— PERSONNEL AND FINANCIAL STATISTICS OF ELEMEN¬ TARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE FOR 25 STATES AND 3 OUTLYING PARTS, 1935-36 I. ELEMENTARY DAY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING KINDERGARTENS State or outlying part Teach¬ ers, prin¬ cipals, and super¬ visors Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Salaries of teachers, principals, and supervisors 1 j Payments for current expense Payments for outlays Average annual salaries of teachers, prin¬ cipals, and super¬ visors COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE For current ex¬ pense For capital outlay ‘ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 States reporting.. 213, 562 4,831,242 $214, 688,837 $278, 092, 292 $23, 833, 937 $1, 005 $57. 69 $7. 00 12, 944 408, 769 8, 601, 370 522 21. 04 Arizona . . . 2,438 64, 264 3, 167, 036 4, 470, 283 160, 690 1, 299 69. 56 2.50 Arkansas _ 9,509 280, 070 4, 095, 022 5, 254, 195 431 18.76 California . — 24, 066 622, 072 41, 501, 437 55, 902, 321 13, 674, 725 1, 724 89. 86 21.98 Connecticut . 6, 874 188, 109 10, 534, 905 14, 649, 190 193, 516 1, 533 77.88 1.03 District of Columbia. 1, 724 50,076 3, 800, 086 5, 227, 447 186, 722 2,204 104. 39 3. 73 Florida. . 7, 992 205, 231 6, 560, 001 8, 997, 680 802, 650 821 43. 84 3.91 Georgia _ ... . 16, 255 7, 289, 513 448 Maine _ 4,880 115, 105 3, 455, 632 5, 641, 459 708 49.01 Maryland . 5,847 180, 819 7, 758, 467 11,291,265 632, 035 1,327 62.45 3.50 Montana . . 4, 034 72,040 3, 995, 915 6, 144, 988 373, 432 991 85.30 5.18 Nebraska . . 10,885 194, 052 7, 114, 473 10, 309, 351 963, 307 654 53. 13 4. 96 Nevada.. . . 651 12,288 972, 225 1. 407, 269 197, 943 1, 493 114. 52 16.11 New Hampshire _ 2, 198 49, 819 ! 2, 346, 951 3, 606, 254 1,068 72.39 New Jersey . 18, 833 481,380 32, 676, 407 45, 200, 675 1,979,961 1,735 93. 90 4.11 Kaw M eyi on 3,199 78, 736 2, 996, 500 4, 244, 682 937 53.91 North Dakota _ 6, 739 94, 774 4,011,872 6, 568, 796 384, 990 595 69.31 4.26 Oregon _ 5, 162 110, 724 5, 552, 260 1,076 Rnnth Carolina 11,097 308, 920 6, 232, 255 7, 543, 802 562 24. 42 South Dakota... . 6,990 96, 167 4, 587, 498 6, 913, 091 96, 685 656 71. 89 1. 01 Tennessee _ 15, 282 433, 259 10, 023, 554 12, 566, 593 1, 634, 298 656 29.00 3. 77 Utah _ 2, 616 74, 618 2, 801, 379 4, 047, 098 467, 859 1,071 54.24 6. 27 Washington _ 7,111 175, 687 8,911,687 13, 020, 233 1,253 74.11 West Virginia . 11,527 294, 291 11,869,739 14, 649, 428 454, 124 1,030 49. 78 1.54 Wisconsin . 14, 709 339, 972 15, 679, 378 21, 834, 822 1,631,000 1,066 64.23 4. 80 Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone . . 148 4,537 196, 426 252, 589 1,356 1,327 55.67 .30 Hawaii . . 1,926 59, 952 3, 168, 267 3, 694, 789 140, 369 1,645 61. 63 2. 34 Puerto Rico... . 4,898 214, 717 3, 644, 182 4, 510, 468 209, 533 744 21. 01 .98 II. SEPARATELY ORGANIZED JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS States reporting. Arkansas _ 8, 197 199,747 $13, 685, 311 $17, 770, 786 $2, 115,037 $1,670 $91.88 $13. 56 569 852 671 771 1,751 331 918 935 1, 399 12, 248 22, 745 16, 949 19, 736 38,339 6,333 21, 938 25, 235 36, 224 425, 320 1, 638, 682 1, 625, 246 1, 482, 924 3, 590, 274 318, 425 1, 086, 291 1, 484, 949 2,033,200 549, 712 2, 132, 772 2, 062, 830 1,950, 063 4, 723, 686 747 1,923 2,422 1,923 2,050 962 1,183 1,588 1, 453 44.88 93. 77 121. 71 98.80 123. 21 Connecticut _ District of Columbia. Maryland . . New Jersey . Oregon 86, 781 544, 291 6, 782 1,069,499 3.82 32.11 .34 27.90 Utah . . Washington _ 1, 580, 716 2,045, 377 2, 725, 630 261, 884 72.05 81.05 75.24 11.94 Wisconsin _ Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone 145, 800 4.02 = 18 431 .... ... 474 10, 329 40, 690 605, 359 49,229 700, 437 2, 261 1,405 103. 86 67. 81 Hawaii _ _ _ 19, 974 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 30.— PERSONNEL AND FINANCIAL STATISTICS OF ELEMEN¬ TARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE FOR 25 STATES AND 3 OUTLYING PARTS, 1935-36— Continued III. JUNIOR-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS UNDER 1 ORGANIZATION State or outlying part Teach¬ ers, prin¬ cipals, and super¬ visors Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Salaries of teachers, principals, and supervisors Payments for current expense Payments for outlays Average annual salaries of teachers, prin¬ cipals, and super¬ visors COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE For current ex¬ pense For capital outlay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 States reporting. Alabama _ 17,548 420, 169 $18,229,777 $25,451, 260 $2,967,990 $1,039 $60. 57 $12. 52 5,766 1, 665 220 4, 417 630 432 168 4,250 134, 251 48, 911 6,027 101, 324 17, 467 9,916 2, 346 99, 927 4, 585, 483 1, 248, 164 367, 954 4, 664, 665 998, 960 847, 334 170, 461 5, 346, 756 6, 136, 004 1, 644, 075 519, 952 6, 869, 299 1, 401, 853 1, 157, 117 230, 869 7, 492, 091 795 750 1, 673 1, 056 1, 586 1, 961 1,015 1, 258 45. 71 33. 61 86. 27 67. 80 80. 26 116. 69 98. 41 74. 98 Arkansas _ _ Connecticut 40,243 656, 694 957, 460 786, 867 26, 578 500, 148 6. 68 6. 48 54. 82 79. 35 11.33 5.01 Florida.. . . Maryland _ New Jersey _ North Dakota _ West Virginia _ Outlying part of the United States Hawaii... _ _ 141 3,741 270, 163 304, 579 7, 579 1,916 81. 42 2. 03 IV. SEPARATELY ORGANIZED SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS States reporting. Arkansas . . Connecticut . . Maryland _ _ New Jersey _ _ _ North Dakota . Oregon . . . 4, 302 102, 683 $$, 363, 015 $10, 067,610 $160,771 $1, 944 $106.47 $1.71 346 500 530 1,222 60 346 1,298 9, 041 12, 523 13, 958 27, 587 769 8, 125 30,680 295, 020 954, 839 1, 175, 666 2, 895, 104 77, 394 487, 842 2, 477, 150 387, 616 1, 228, 125 1, 569, 382 3, 650, 381 99,481 11, 888 1,083 8, 480 853 1,910 2, 218 2,369 1,290 1,410 1,908 42. 87 98. 07 112. 44 132. 32 129. 36 .95 .08 .31 Wisconsin _ Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone _ _ Hawaii _ ... . 3, 132, 625 139, 320 102. 11 4.54 38 149 864 4,185 97, 582 313, 079 121, 026 349, 4261 8,888 2, 568 2, 101 140. 08 83. 49 2. 12 V. REGULAR AND VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS States reporting- 65,583 1, 235, 193 $99,861,465 $135, 351,409 $25, 192, 614 $1, 523 $113.09 $25. 54 Arizona.. . 709 15, 658 1, 234, 310 1, 751, 766 100, 056 1, 741 111. 88 6. 39 Arkansas _ 504 10, 157 281, 880 542, 766 559 53.44 California . . . 21, 547 381, 252 38, 815, 399 56, 048, 814 13, 637, 094 1,801 147. 01 35. 77 Connecticut . . 2,093 47, 563 4, 201, 490 5, 725, 487 912, 794 2,007 120.38 19. 19 District of Columbia.. 661 14, 559 1, 836, 697 2, 456, 247 354, 001 2, 779 168. 71 24. 31 Georgia . . 4,785 4, 537, 327 948 Maine _ 1, 410 33, 521 1, 562, 326 2, 252, 556 1, 108 67.20 Maryland _ 1,022 22, 321 1, 385, 031 2, 183, 904 623, 103 1, 355 97.84 27. 92 Montana.. . 1,314 28, 815 1, 742, 096 2, 750, 199 836, 699 1, 326 95. 44 29.04 Nebraska . . 3,446 71, 578 3, 942, 633 5, 903, 253 385, 357 1, 144 82. 47 5. 38 Nevada _ _ _ 265 4,350 420, 712 664, 252 50, 042 1,588 152. 70 11. 50 New Hampshire 827 17, 735 1, 303, 454 1, 851, 977 1, 576 104. 42 New Jersey . . . 5,355 126, 435 11, 425, 679 15, 967, 854 1, 451, 739 2, 134 126. 29 11. 48 New Mexico _ 738 14, 764 957, 133 1, 397, 554 1, 297 94. 66 North Dakota _ 1, 871 28, 062 1, 464, 170 2, 234, 794 213. 830 783 79. 64 7.62 Oregon . . . . 1,698 38, 384 2, 338, 373 1, 377 South Carolina _ 2, 671 59, 348 2, 536, 532 3, 584, 665 950 60. 40 South Dakota. _ 1,917 31, 809 1, 749, 620 3, 571, 759 1, 079, 199 913 112.29 33. 93 Tennessee _ _ 4,066 81, 173 3, 862, 386 4. 991, 228 389, 689 950 61. 49 4. 80 Utah _ _ 1, 030 28, 860 1, 485, 685 2, 374, 730 690, 020 1, 442 82.28 23.91 Washington _ 3, 119 75, 007 4, 892, 636 7, 263, 745 1, 569 96. 84 Wisconsin... . 4,535 103, 842 7, 885, 896 11, 833, 859 1, 468, 991 1,739 113. 96 14. 15 Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii - - 103 2, 010 162, 522 181, 133 6,777 1, 578 90. 12 3. 37 Puerto Rico . . 393 9, 369 350, 275 384, 834 891 41. 08 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 Table 31.— STATISTICS OF WHITE AND NEGRO SCHOOL POPULA¬ TION, ENROLLMENT, AND TEACHERS IN 18 STATES, 1935-36 State Population 5-17 years of age, inclusive Percent of school popu¬ lation Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools Ratio of en¬ rollment in public schools to school pop¬ ulation Number of teaching posi¬ tions, super¬ visors, and principals White Negro White Negro White 1 Negro White Negro White Negro > 2 3 4 5 6 1 7 8 9 10 11 States reporting. 9, 239, 000 2,946,200 75.8 24.2 7, 774,648 2, 438, 981 0.842 0. 828 248, 499 58,858 Alabama . 542, 000 293, 000 64.9 35.1 445, 810 231, 252 .823 .789 13, 667 5,043 Arkansas . . 410, 000 150,000 73.2 26.8 348, 837 112,032 .851 . 747 10, 131 2, 451 Delaware... . 48, 800 8,500 85.2 14.8 38, 882 7, 218 .797 .849 1, 451 232 Dist. of Columbia. . 68,000 28, 000 68.7 31.3 64, 675 35, 132 .951 1.255 2,036 1,020 Florida . 271, 000 122, 500 68.9 31.1 284, 483 101, 280 1. 050 .827 9, 513 2, 896 Georgia . 540,000 335,000 61.7 38.3 485, 135 263, 402 .898 .786 15, 055 5, 985 Kentucky . . 709, 100 55, 000 92.8 7.2 580, 814 47, 287 .819 .860 17, 227 1,387 Louisiana . . . 390,000 235,000 62.4 37.6 294, 257 171, 337 .755 .729 9, 989 3, 528 Maryland . . 342, 300 69, 700 83.1 16.9 239, 781 58, 376 .700 .838 7, 169 1, 631 Mississippi 1 . 315, 000 313, 000 50.2 49.8 308, 775 299, 261 .980 .956 8, 930 5,982 Missouri... ... . 810, 300 50,000 94.2 5.8 664, 520 46, 736 .820 .935 24, 190 1,408 North Carolina . 739, 000 330, 000 69. 1 30.9 618, 571 270, 204 .837 .819 17, 402 6, 833 Oklahoma. . . 655, 000 55,000 92.3 7.7 608, 528 49, 521 .929 .900 18, 284 1,599 South Carolina . 306, 000 288,000! 51.5 48.5 258, 623 219, 292 .845 .761 8. 816 4, 952 Tennessee . 639, 000 125,000 83.6 16.4 539, 820 113, 391 .845 .907 16, 473 2, 875 Texas. . 1, 422, 000 250,000 85.0 15.0 1, 140,200 224,427 .802 .898 40, 293 5, 967 Virginia.. . 518, 000 206,000 71.5 28.5 431, 864 160, 174 .834 .778 13, 064 4, 101 West Virginia . 513,500 32,500 94.0 6.0' 1 421,073 28, 659 1 .820 1 .882 14,809 968 i Statistics for 1934. Table 32.— SCHOOL TERM, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, AND AVERAGE SALARIES OF WHITE AND NEGRO TEACHERS IN 18 STATES, 1935-36 State Length of school term (days) in— Average num¬ ber of days attended by each pupil enrolled in— Percent of school term not attended in— Percent of pupils at¬ tending daily in— Average an¬ nual salary of teachers, prin¬ cipals, and supervisors in— White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools * 2 i 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 States reporting. .. 167 146 136 113 19 23 81 77 Alabama . . 144 127 115 102 20 20 80 80 $709 $328 Arkansas . .. 156 132 123 102 21 23 j 79 77 550 316 Delaware . 181 181 158 146 13 19 87 81 1,538 1,664 District of Columbia 176 176 145 142 18 19 ! 82 81 Florida . - 174 168 139 132 20 21 i 80 79 1, 030 493 Georgia . 168 143 132 108 21 23 79 76 709 282 Kentucky _ 158 146 123 114 22 22 78 78 Louisiana . . . . . 175 128 145 104 17 18 83 82 931 403 Maryland . . 188 179 162 144 14 19 86 81 1,515 1, 187 Mississippi . . 145 119 111 86 24 27 76 73 788 247 Missouri.. . 177 187 147 152 17 19 83 81 1,031 1,332 North Carolina . . 161 161 140 132 13 18 87 82 811 543 Oklahoma... . 174 172 132 125 24 27 i 76 73 926 821 South Carolina . . 173 127 141 91 19 28 I 81 72 825 302 Tennessee 167 158 131 125 21 21 79 79 Texas.. . 171 | 157 137 115 20 27 80 73 991 604 Virginia . 170 165 143 130 16 21 84 79 901 520 West Virginia _ 173 173 151 155 12 10 88 90 II Table 33.— ENROLLMENT, BY GRADES, OF WHITE AND NEGRO PUPILS IN 18 STATES MAINTAINING SEPARATE SCHOOLS, 1930-36 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 1936 Negro Per¬ cent 0.3 30.1 13.8 12.5 11.3 9.3 7.4 5.6 2.0 92.3 3. 1 2.1 1.5 1.0 100.0 Number O 6, 369 733, 301 335, 348 304, 856 275, 383 227, 160 180, 716 137, 550 49, 362 I S' 76, 436 51,431 35, 536 25, 389 144 188,936 1 1 e* White Per¬ cent 3 ojoooooood^- 80.4 NWH^H ©io^co • © s 100.0 Number 72 53, 300 1, 231,132 816, 683 831, 348 814, 534 775, 761 717, 049 646, 106 331,914 1 3 cd* 520, 414 411,874 322, 012 266, 574 5, 947 1 8 «* I £ 1934 Negro Per¬ cent 2 nooooiohoon© SS t> 00 oV nVoeo »»®hh Post¬ gradu¬ ate 50 3 ; hi 1 II r 1 1 1 1 h III III; Fourth year 13 1 8f ls=gl SlilS SIII8 ISi rH ^ rS rtMHHH CO-T Third year 3 i S 2, 007 890 175 1, 059 1, 299 2, 575 1, 218 1,914 1, 059 1, 148 1,390 5, 484 1,314 2, 087 2, 529 5, 816 2,809 763 Second year 2 -r sills IIrrI gills 111 cd-T r-r^H rHtC^Tccco OO-tfrH First year £5 76,436 21511 §§511 ssaSs 11s 137, 550 ISIIi SlSIi §rb§! IIS oT CD fid cdtCcdoTt-* 03 's‘ -'a'^'a'a as" Fourth grade 8 us S assl! 1111a 1SS88 Sil as ”s s'-'s'-'s -'s'-'a's' as'” Third grade l I §1115 sllll 31111 iss s's "s' s'-'a'-'s' “‘s'^'a's' as'"' Second grade 1 8 gls§l S§SS! iSilS §11 OO ro-ro roo^-odg oo^oro o-hco First grade 733,301 rISIr §1118 Ills! si! Isf-'-'s' g“'s's's‘ ■--'Rag's' s's'"' Kin¬ der¬ garten N 1 1 III 1 s i • csf | Is 1 i ll 1 1 as 1 !rn : | i! il 5 ;— < to 04 04 127 00 Wo¬ men © i-t04©i~l 04 CO 04 CO CO r-l 8 00 to Men co 04 oo rH,° 43 04 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Total 4, 218 2, 155 185 638 2,347 5, 404 1,093 3,202 1, 310 5,707 1,040 5,912 4, 568 2, 451 4, 766 3, 576 681 Wo¬ men eo 3, 799 1, 675 161 583 2,048 4,984 958 2, 741 1, 142 4,541 891 5,100 to © CO 00 CO 04 GO tOtON © © © rH lO co i-T ^Tco' Men N 05 O ^ tO 05 ©lOrHOOCO 05 04 H00CUOO5 i i | ; o > c b = 1 c Louisiana Maryland . . Mississinni Missouri North Carolina Oklahoma _ . South Carolina Tannassaa _ _ Texas '5 ti > .2 £ *53 j£ rl 9 Totals are omitted, as many States did not report distribution. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 Table 38— POPULATION, 1930, AND ENROLLMENTS IN PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS, URBAN AND RURAL, 1935-36 POPULATION 5-17 ENROLLMENT, 1935-36 State YEARS, BOTH IN¬ CLUSIVE, 1930 Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Boys Girls Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U. S. 68,954, 823 53,820, 223 15, 685, 345 15,885,977 6, 723, 168 6,527,531 6, 680, 789 6,435,610 Alabama . . 744, 273 1, 901, 975 184, 349 633, 016 68, 946 69, 372 273, 909 264, 835 Arizona . . 149, 856 285, 717 35, 686 81, 532 22, 965 21, 782 28,649 26, 400 Arkansas . — . 382, 878 1, 471, 604 90, 330 469, 718 57, 157 57, 596 175, 275 170, 841 California . . 4, 160, 596 1, 516, 655 780, 242 358, 982 446, 118 423, 442 139, 320 131, 547 Colorado . . . 519, 882 515, 909 111, 703 149, 045 62, 261 58, 749 60,282 58,455 Connecticut . . . 1, 131, 770 123, 146 486, 869 759, 778 895, 492 475, 133 282, 020 120, 753 117, 136 112, 201 48, 717 42, 834 Delaware . 115, 234 28, 386 88, 104 171, 792 29, 224 11, 456 49, 603 87, 268 11, 302 50, 204 87, 845 76, 057 11, 781 11, 561 Florida _ 708, 433 206, 654 104, 979 105, 671 Georgia . . . 2, 013, 014 222, 597 672, 126 72, 385 294, 695 305, 400 Idaho . - . 129, 507 315, 525 33, 126 94, 075 22, 850 22, 177 39, 093 36, 925 Illinois _ _ _ 5, 635, 727 1, 994, 927 1, 240, 216 400, 536 530, 099 458, 613 429, 134 227, 036 212, 486 Indiana . 1, 795, 892 1,442,611 383, 017 183, 719 177, 494 106, 296 170, 917 159, 314 Iowa . . . 979, 292 1, 491, 647 216, 070 398, 670 107, 888 165, 299 158, 520 Kansas . . . . 729, 834 1, 151, 165 165, 483 310, 981 88, 612 86, 293 123, 265 116, 105 Kentucky - - - 799, 026 1, 815, 563 178, 036 575, 027 75, 259 74, 124 246, 720 231, 998 Louisiana. . 833, 532 1, 268, 061 196, 477 409, 841 40, 816 42, 533 191, 686 190, 559 Maine. . 321, 506 475, 917 74, 602 121, 194 32, 544 32, 053 52,098 49, 812 Maryland . . 974, 869 656, 657 220,854 181, 708 64, 924 62, 565 87, 032 83, 636 Massachusetts . . 3, 831, 426 418, 188 897, 837 101, 859 348, 007 333, 105 50,388 41, 739 Michigan . . 3, 302, 075 1, 540, 250 768, 935 426, 122 325, 002 321, 044 159, 978 157, 503 Minnesota _ 1, 257, 616 1, 306, 337 284, 676 372, 414 130, 223 129, 374 145, 800 143, 732 Mississippi _ 338, 850 1, 670, 971 78, 452 534, 696 40, 437 42, 259 264, 287 261, 053 Missouri . . — 1, 859, 119 1, 770, 248 373, 567 41, 716 486, 527 160, 039 155, 532 203, 024 192, 661 Montana. . . . 181, 036 356, 570 99, 633 18, 606 18, 055 40, 475 36, 626 Nebraska . 486, 107 891, 856 109, 813 247, 835 56,280 54,389 100, 256 97, 050 Nevada _ 34, 464 56, 594 6,549 12, 458 4, 896 4, 753 5, 219 4, 852 New Hampshire - 273, 079 192, 214 64, 933 44, 308 20, 703 20, 071 19, 236 18, 431 New Jersey . 3, 339, 244 702, 090 316, 501 809, 568 175, 706 339, 585 321, 643 78, 127 69, 723 New Mexico . 106, 816 28,142 99, 182 15, 418 15, 036 35,053 33, 700 New York _ 10, 521, 952 2, 066, 114 2, 360, 429 2, 302, 900 215, 064 489, 906 926, 046 105, 730 892, 711 109, 387 243, 919 335, 674 225, 366 337, 984 North Carolina. . . 809, 847 815, 253 North Dakota . 113, 306 567, 539 27, 807 176, 203 12, 080 12, 132 65, 906 64,917 Ohio _ _ _ 4, 507, 371 2, 139, 326 1, 022, 527 577, 027 430, 836 414, 201 229, 758 214, 542 Oklahoma . 821, 681 1, 574, 359 192, 040 503, 294 106, 142 103, 595 229, 065 219, 247 Oregon . . 489, 746 464, 040 97, 218 116, 961 50, 366 49, 150 43, 929 44, 916 Pennsylvania _ _ 6, 533, 511 3, 097, 839 1, 628, 881 921, 023 640, 459 619, 447 385, 886 360, 305 Rhode Island. . . 635, 429 52, 068 157, 081 12, 808 56, 020 53, 411 6,094 6,030 South Carolina . 371, 080 1, 367, 685 100, 557 491, 490 57, 389 60, 603 177, 225 182, 698 South Dakota . . . 130, 907 561, 942 30, 982 164, 495 16, 114 15, 920 61, 530 59, 599 Tennessee . . 896, 538 1, 720, 018 206, 293 545,880 91, 358 93, 164 238, 778 229, 911 Texas . . . . . 2, 389, 348 3, 435, 367 561, 662 1, 066, 174 282, 929 278,363 412, 628 390, 707 Utah . 266, 264 241, 583 73, 390 80, 296 27, 229 26, 192 45, 160 42, 282 Vermont . . 118, 766 240, 845 26, 571 60, 992 10, 140 9, 867 24, 958 23, 095 Virginia. . 785, 537 1, 636, 314 187, 802 528, 643 74, 692 75, 943 220, 606 220, 797 Washington . 884, 539 678, 857 182, 223 174, 805 95, 956 92, 539 76,729 70, 526 West Virginia . 491, 504 1, 237, 701 122, 131 398, 105 53, 883 51, 696 175, 641 168, 512 Wisconsin _ 1, 553, 843 1, 385, 163 349, 026 394, 818 146, 796 143, 596 145, 437 141, 514 Wyoming _ _ 70,097 155, 468 16, 393 41, 402 9,287 9, 134 19, 270 18, 693 Table 39.— ENROLLMENT OF URBAN PUPILS BY GRADE, 1935-36 no BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Grand total S 1 sSSU isiSsHI sSss! ii§!3 1§!S§ 1ISI3 “*313 *g¥s3 fs'sW IW" §'“'*§£ IN SECONDARY GRADES Total 3,575,360 §gill ISISsa sillS SIssS SIS1S ilgil stag's st'-a's's 2§'s'8's' sfsTsW g's's's's Post¬ gradu¬ ate s 11,394 :S : : . . . : : : : r%\ j ^ j | ; j | i j i • i i i i i r i i i i i S i i i i S i i i i : : : : : :S i : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : i : : : : : Fourth year s 649,565 4,213 936 5, 166 40, 006 5, 651 10, 833 1,292 3, 617 5,515 5,116 3,081 35, 217 21, 398 13, 723 9,312 6, 160 3, 261 3, 511 3, 864 36, 271 31, 071 16, 046 3,488 14, 964 2,111 6,491 517 2,776 31,556 1,245 Third year 1 S' tSBil liiii llggl ISsil SSill liliS •dWuftjttT M-TiocctC coaoeotCef t> canh* Second year 5 988,445 lllSi IIISs IIIIS SSSil ISISI ggsll ®“.-H®od'® tCe4'®oooT eo ®*<'*f®®' ffiMVoco co moh First year 2 1 r IlsiS issll ISIII Sills I11SI sills COrH-OOCgcT ONNOO *h'co ®® JO rH-tfrio-odo- jo^^-co o' Mfocf IN KINDERGARTEN AND ELEMENTARY GRADES Total s ! 5 gssii II2SS Ilia! sill! £1S§§ Ills! 2&88|8 §f{!fsg“g Eighth grade o S 8 ISIII 1IIIS HISS § ills ggsss Isis! orcood-g-or odWtCj-tus- cd'tftCiow o' j'^od'D; «T® ®^~co oo' co'cocf Seventh grade o 1,099,934 iglis Ilgil S2SII mil glEll i?gll§ ®“mo>‘oo co®®®*;- cf®-®*®-®- ®o®-®co- oo co®of Sixth grade 00 S s - sllSi lilsi ISIS! sills Sills sllsl efco-OjH®- o'.* ao® of co-®®-®*? efof® tf'eo oo* cot^of Fifth grade 1 i isssi sisii ssii3 issis sssss ggsn **0|00 2‘^odVT*;- co-®®®® Vodw-cfoo coot-' coco oo- co-joef Fourth grade ce S 3 -- IkISs Sills kSsII illaS 11211 Sllil ® r-T oo ® co oo o'® ^-00-®-®-®- N®-t--oo-g“wWi> MWOH slEIS ISSss liSii 1ISS S'S'-'S'S «*£■*■** S”S" lissi siiii nisi mm oogt^ooes ooVnrH- tC^gV-T lllsi 1S611 ssssl g'S^Vs s‘g"‘s'”‘ SsK-'S s'^ss-' Islsi 111 Ti fgsg| s'gl&'s 1 illS Isl ;! s- :^-ga- »s-=»- : Ills! mi SW |£|S ii$ nss ef^-^T joVoh 81IS8 Sills goocfrHt^ oogooTef lissi 1813 JOOCOrHCj- >o ad o' "-T 1111! 3sl§l Sill! 1111 ocIhcIs ooooon ^joa-H ssISI IssIS Hill llsl gsf-sfsf “'s's'S^ s'sK-'s 32‘2-‘ SssIS I3SII sslsl sllS WgfrtNW ^■'§2'^^ «mVh;o ^•'^•'oTr-r gISSi iilsS sills fill lillg llsll lliis 1111 ^gaTeJef ofg^-jo S3ST ISSsi Hill ilSii 1§IS tfarf8?2f rtggg* sssf- § i ill 111 i i §§ ill § m s' j !gf» j - j - rf is ! i i ) i i • i ■ i \ \ \ \ \ i Table 40.— ENROLLMENT OF RURAL PUPILS, BY GRADE, 1935-36 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Grand total oo Ob Ob oo oo 538, 744 55, 049 346, 116 270, 867 118, 737 91, 551 23, 342 210, 650 600, 095 76, 018 439, 522 330, 231 323, 819 239, 370 478, 718 382, 245 101, 910 170, 668 92, 127 317, 481 289,532 525, 340 395, 685 77, 101 197, 306 10, 071 37, 667 147, 850 68, 753 469, 285 IN SECONDARY GRADES Total eo N 55, 742 12, 786 35, 326 90, 240 23, 668 23,090 4, 095 36, 539 74, 093 17, 540 142, 194 73, 212 69, 558 57, 231 50, 088 60, 110 20, 023 35, 500 29, 998 76, 983 57, 747 46, 594 67, 263 21, 440 46, 494 2,082 6, 474 25, 731 8, 000 142, 460 Post¬ gradu¬ ate s 59,331 177 1, 209 620 734 33 18, 626 1,810 1,007 1, 366 146 4,358 4, 114 11, 288 2, 916 456 401 75 1.094 112 Fourth year to 414, 904 8, 194 2, 280 5, 652 17. 444 4, 203 4, 291 795 6, 635 11, 126 3, 451 24, 913 14, 715 14, 290 11, 426 9, 032 10, 843 3, 728 5,807 5, 248 14, 969 9, 151 7, 451 12. 445 4, 541 10, 151 381 1, 425 4, 032 1, 427 16, 568 Third year Ob QO ua1 oo M< 11,401 2, 768 6, 832 19, 870 4, 782 5, 039 700 7, 316 13, 916 3,949 27,058 15, 590 15, 790 12, 494 9,654 12, 665 4, 434 7, 372 5, 728 14, 608 9, 785 8, 938 16, 255 4, 586 11, 018 426 1, 260 4, 896 1,667 21, 333 Second year co 631,417 15, 275 3, 384 9, 604 23, 831 6, 127 6, 121 970 10, 133 21, 562 4, 769 33, 330 18,’ 029 14, 755 13, 907 16, 181 5, 188 9, 528 6, 506 19, 365 12, 409 11, 609 15, 879 5, 592 11, 547 532 1,570 6,789 2, 123 43,840 First year N 807,736 20, 872 4, 177 13, 238 27, 886 7,936 6,905 1, 597 12, 455 27, 489 5, 371 38, 267 22,404 20, 442 17, 190 17, 495 20, 421 6, 673 12, 647 8, 158 23, 927 15, 114 15, 680 22, 228 6, 320 13, 778 668 2, 219 8, 920 2, 671 60, 719 IN KINDERGARTEN AND ELEMENTARY GRADES Total 3 N O* o 483, 002 42, 263 310, 790 180, 627 95, 069 68, 461 19, 247 174, 111 526, 002 58, 478 297, 328 257, 019 254, 261 182, 139 428, 630 322, 135 81, 887 135, 168 62, 129 240, 498 231, 785 478, 746 328, 422 55, 661 150, 812 7, 989 31, 193 122, 119 60, 753 326, 825 Eighth grade N CO r* r- 24, 938 3, 240 22,639 21, 900 10, 043 8, 140 1, 782 14, 086 3, 678 7, 027 38,553 29, 551 30, 161 23, 342 36, 970 9, 125 3, 233 7, 636 27, 548 30, 134 24,314 24, 534 6, 617 17, 763 821 3,491 11, 737 3, 810 1 34,333 Seventh grade Ob eo MS C9 of ao o 33, 405 3, 976 24, 641 22, 786 10, 713 7,321 1,979 16, 969 41, 698 7, 015 28, 512 31, 566 30, 750 23, 101 28, 729 26, 017 9, 175 17,447 8, 357 28, 983 28, 147 28, 896 43, 703 6,821 18, 442 865 3, 817 13, 572 4,579 36, 939 Sixth grade 00 1,180,331 43, 095 4, 377 29, 233 21, 977 11, 336 7, 193 1, 988 18, 816 48, 386 7, 220 40, 719 32, 764 30, 480 23, 017 48, 197 31,248 8. 950 17, 695 8. 951 28, 785 28, 872 36, 633 30, 468 C, 795 18, 194 908 3,889 15, 007 5, 430 39, 835 Fifth grade r* 1,277, 891 50, 367 4, 773 34, 279 22, 134 11, 591 8,272 2, 374 21, 285 58, 893 7, 397 34, 378 33, 376 30, 759 22, 973 39, 063 36, 526 9, 688 18, 632 8, 311 28, 975 28, 266 45,413 47, 388 6, 769 18,244 972 3,931 15, 524 6, 230 41, 351 Fourth grade tlOOON og oiohoT® o^r-T HslsSif sSilS sis eo«T»jgo co ooeoo owhcsV ISISs ISIII SISSi III oo^-cfo ef o' r-T V o' to i-T t-o' Jfj 55 n IsiSS sISIS IsESI ISS 5”a8'-' 3 3"s s'^ag S8^ ISlag 11111 81221 IIS ssigs rss'f m'sa lss' iSSII S2 ill ill is 111 |23S” s-‘ issf !«*->*• |s‘ s'R“ 13181 iSIgs ISlil III g‘a'ss'§»' s-'fi'as s‘srf IslIS slsll HSU §11 gf S5®fS“ 88” sail! SUSS llsll Sss gas's'”' a-sss s-'“fS2 ls'~ gggll SSISI liill ill sasss”' s-sss ss-'-ss' £§frf mm mm mm m SSSSSS'- s s'ss S'^'S'S 88” llsss Sslil HISS SSS SSW R'-'sag g'“'“='3'S S8” sllss ilsll ssSal IIS g-gdg s^gfcf SSH ! i i§ I r Table 41.— ATTENDANCE AND LENGTH OF SCHOOL TERM IN PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS, URBAN AND RURAL, 1935-36 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 o S3 "Si 0 a © ® Rural 2 163.9 128.7 165.3 143.0 165.8 155.5 180.9 178.8 172.3 153.8 169,. 5 174.7 i64. 9 174.8 168.4 149.8 154.3 174.2 183.3 177.6 CO 05 CM 005 CO 05’ 40 r-i 40 CO CM t>» |s S-9 > ot ◄ Urban ® 181.6 172.5 171.8 171.7 182.0 180.9 183.7 184.0 175.9 172.3 178.2 176.4 181.1 176.9 177.2 177.1 178.0 175.7 179.2 190.0 176.7 05 00 cd »d 40 40 oo 00 N N X N &® a C3 rt © t— i ^ >■03 os a*s ©« S' Rural • 83.0 CO CO i 05 05 fH In! ic6 n- oo r- ' t» 1 1 CM t> jiOCO CO IO 1 05 CO 00 GO 1 t- N- i i 84.0 90.1 92.7 84.4 87.5 TH 40 CM 05 00 CO CO CM CO O 00 05 00 05 81.1 73.8 79.6 89.7 Percentaj daily at is of p rolled Urban 00 CD GO CO CO 05 N- CM CM 00 05 t-1 CM oot^t^oooo co cm n- io oo CO i— i 05 CM 00 00 00 00 CM 0 05 00 05 40 40 CO CO ^ 00 00 00 00 00 CM CO CO CM CO ^ GO CO OO 00 00 00 00 05 CM T-H ^ Tj« 00 GO 05 N- cd 00 00 t>» 00 oo *_ t>» , oj3 a ©T3 ® -2 -3 a afio, S3 © 3 Rural 136.1 102.5 134.3 111.0 179.3 115.0 150.5 153.3 136.9 117.4 ^ 05 40 ^ cm’ cm* n-’ IO 40 rf 114.1 128.8 160.6 159.2 161.2 CM 00 ^ CM 05 O N- CM cd cd 40 CO 05 CO 40 Average i days at each i rolled Urban co 156.3 141.9 135.1 137.3 148.7 148.6 160.8 158.7 143.8 136.9 147.5 150.2 154.9 153.8 153.9 150.3 149.9 137.5 151.7 158.1 156.5 CM OCO rH cd 40 05 CM* Tj5 CO 40 CO co »o -0 a © « £?© Rural »o So eo o* QO © 429, 190 44, 735 268, 686 292, 977 87, 776 cm iO i 05 ^ rH 1 05 CO i-t o » CO 00 CO O 1 CM 1 co 40 63, 865 395, 917 306, 136 273, 258 209, 443 364,401 319, 095 93, 944 148, 264 83, 613 311, 135 234, 740 387, 490 315,086 69, 189 11 bO c3 © > <5 Urban - 11,106, 380 113, 830 35, 187 91, 741 710, 347 99, 431 200, 825 19, 623 81, 584 139, 158 122, 852 38, 342 759, 344 313,939 185, 969 148, 434 05 00 CM Is- CM H CO 00 CO CO 00 CM CO © CM 40" 40" co" CO CM CO 40 O O rH y-i CO 574, 609 229,046 65, 377 275, 930 31, 666 CO O 00 ^ 05 O GO CO»OOiOO co 40 OOCONIO lO *0 csT^ooioco r^'co' (NOiHCOlO U- N- iO r-t CM CM H U- iO 38 HiOONiO Oi'ONNQ 05 CO N» 40 i-H lOHOCOH NOOOON cd cm" ccT 40 »o »d cm" oT cd r-T (NOOOON O CO CO N- 40 OOHrfNW CO CM CO GO o'oToV^T t*T oT co" ^ hoonoi OOGOHCOC CO CO iO 00 c r^aT oocd'C ^CO^lOr 40 © CM CO rt< HtTCMON r-f CM CO t'- ^ CO'tiOOC CO o CO c of co *d of i OCOHGON cfr-Too t^cT 00H^I>X 00 CO CO 05 00 CO CO* ^ CO H hcocoocm cm »o * Tt< 40 O0 • lO 05 CM r xo cm" CO _ JO CM CO »0 40 N- t>» CM t"- co co oT 05" jo" 05 CO 05 ^ O guess' 05 N- 05 CO O 00 H co o CO H CO cm" 00 S3 3 © 6 a * s § g a o S .S'E'd © o >> c3 11 C3 o >1 OT g^.22 Og OQOfeO * 3 g g’S _ _ § © ^-d giJgJ ■s n88g STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 115 Q 00 ^ CO CO iO CD CD CO CO 00 03 • (N NOOOOOO NODOO ggggs gllgg gg jsg ssggs gggg ; 00 ^ t> !>• 03 HHCOHI CO 03 I> 00 CO IHOCOO CD O CD gfegfeg ggggg ggggg ggggg sgsg gg&S i SSSSS SfcigSBsS SS&SsS CD W N CO 05 CO CO CO Tf CO 00 »0 CD ONNCO £E88S8 SS28SS3 S3S8SSo3S SsSfegg S3S5S5S3 NOOWCO lOOOiOHiO O CO iOC5 iO OOOCO»ON COCDhN mm issss mm mis mm mm ism mm mss ss§§ Hiss 88858 alias 38881 !sl§ rm is’ssi *r's§ lie'll m* 58888 SS188 SSIis 88889 1111 s-sga ggag'g sssss gssag sags 18898 3§§8§ 58158 §8818 5811 mm issis issss mm mm s?J“>a'a sssss aa-sa s§s-‘s ssfT°‘ mm ssiss sun sissi bsss fails mm mm mm mm |S"gg ssss-‘ S'S»“S‘ sss^' 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 42.— NUMBER OF TEACHERS AND TEACHING LOAD, URBAN AND RURAL, 1935-36 State Teaching positions (supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teach¬ ers) Number of teach¬ ing positions to a building Number of pupils enrolled to a teach¬ ing position Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U. S . 411,297 482, 050 14.9 2.3 32.2 27.2 Alabama . 3, 532 15, 178 13.2 3.0 39.2 35.5 Arizona . 1,279 1,868 12.4 3.1 35.0 29.5 Arkansas... . 2, 752 9,830 6.9 2.2 41.7 35.2 California . . 28, 552 16, 659 13.4 2.5 30.5 16.3 Colorado . 3,594 5, 456 13.4 2.1 33.7 21.8 Connecticut . 7, 653 2,886 15.9 4.2 29.9 31.8 Delaware . . District of Columbia . . 769 3,056 5, 633 914 22.0 17.5 4.4 29.6 32.7 25.5 Florida . . . 6, 776 8.3 3.7 31.1 31.1 Georgia . . 3,887 17, 153 12.7 2.9 38.2 35.0 Idaho . 1,313 3,358 12.0 2.2 34.3 22.6 Illinois... . 24, 791 22, 886 17.3 1.8 35.8 19.2 Indiana.. . . . 10,855 11,682 14.7 4.2 33.3 28.3 Iowa . . . . 6,987 17, 850 12.1 1.6 30.7 18.1 Kansas . . . 5, 241 13,860 11.2 1.6 33.4 17.3 Kentucky . 4, 620 13, 994 13.2 1.8 32.3 34.2 Louisiana . 2, 174 11, 343 20.1 4. 1 38.3 33.7 Maine . . 2, 053 4,237 6.1 2.1 31.5 24.1 Maryland . . 3, 759 5,041 22.8 3.8 33.9 33.9 Massachusetts . 23, 439 4,430 12.8 5.7 29.1 20.8 Michigan . 19, 359 11, 834 18.3 1.6 33.4 ?6. 8 Minnesota . . 8,727 12, 810 16.5 1.6 29.7 22.6 Mississippi . 2, 139 12, 773 10.4 2.3 38.7 41.1 Missouri. . 9,494 16, 104 14.2 1.7 33.2 24.6 Montana . 1,251 4, 097 10.4 1.3 29.3 18.8 Nebraska . 3, 302 11,029 12.4 1.4 33.5 17.9 Nevada ... . . 270 646 8.4 2.4 35.7 15.6 New Hampshire . 1,426 1,599 9.0 2.3 28.6 23.6 New Jersey. _ _ 22, 629 4, 964 21.0 5.3 29.9 29.8 New Mexico _ 859 3, 078 11.5 3.6 35.5 22.3 New York . 60, 101 20, 391 29.7 2.2 30.3 23.0 North Carolina . 5, 658 18, 577 13.0 4.3 38.0 36.3 North Dakota . 786 8, 052 12.5 1.5 30.8 16.2 Ohio. . 25, 843 16,537 16.6 3.6 32.7 26.9 Oklahoma . 5, 874 14, 009 11.2 2.6 35.7 32.0 Oregon . 3, 143 4,394 14.1 2.3 31.7 20.2 Pennsylvania... . 38, 379 23, 476 15.8 2.5 32.8 31.8 Rhode Island . 3, 853 304 12.0 2.9 28.4 39.9 South Carolina . 3, 204 10, 564 12.9 3.3 36.8 34.1 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 1,095 7, 812 12.7 1.6 29.3 15.5 Tennessee . 5,094 14,254 14.7 2.3 36.9 32.7 Texas. . 16, 728 29, 532 13.3 2.6 33.6 27.2 Utah . 1,545 3,019 20.3 5.4 34.6 29.0 Vermont . . . . . 652 1, 998 7.7 1.6 30.7 24.1 Virginia . 4, 538 12, 627 17.1 2.7 33.2 35.0 Washington . 5,713 5, 452 15.2 2.9 33.2 26.8 West Virginia _ 3, 704 12, 073 2.6 2.6 28.5 28.5 Wisconsin . . . 9, 339 12,602 15.8 1.6 31.4 22.6 Wyoming . . 653 2. 042 8.6 1.5 28.2 18.6 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 117 Table 43.— NUMBER OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND INDEBTEDNESS, URBAN AND RURAL, 1935-36 State Number of school build¬ ings Number of pupils to a building Indebtedness Debt per pupil in average daily attendance Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U.S . 27, 556 211,311 480.9 62.1 $2, 120, 322, 607 $922, 802, 773 $186 $85 Alabama . 267 5,051 518.0 106.7 13, 275, 000 7, 917, 654 117 18 Arizona . 103 608 434.4 90.5 4, 321, 000 6, 418, 265 123 143 Arkansas. . 399 4,480 287.6 77.3 11,691,000 12, 463, 041 127 46 California . 2, 127 6, 593 408.8 41.1 169, 285, 000 31, 058, 051 238 106 Colorado . 269 2,615 449.9 45.4 14, 456, 000 12, 522, 926 145 143 Connecticut . 483 693 474.8 132.1 32, 746, 000 14, 930, 195 163 196 Delaware— . . . District of Columbia _ 35 175 207 650.2 570.3 112.8 344,000 1, 659, 074 18 83 Florida . 678 1,845 258.3 114.2 25, 670, 307 30, 879, 620 184 184 Georgia . 307 5, 962 483.5 100.7 8, 970, 000 11, 330,000 73 25 Idaho . 109 1.520 413.1 50.0 4, 164,000 4, 504, 089 109 71 Illinois . 1,429 12, 537 621.2 35.1 76, 272, 000 120, 418, 459 100 304 Indiana . 736 2, 750 490.8 120.1 34, 798, 000 12, 597, 078 111 41 Iowa... . 577 11, 265 371.2 28.7 25, 536, 000 21, 233, 982 12, 130,856 137 78 Kansas. . 469 8, 932 372.9 26.8 15, 954,000 107 58 Kentucky . 350 7,593 426.9 63.0 15, 629, 000 3, 139, 661 124 9 Louisiana. . 108 2,793 771.8 136.9 5, 885, 000 21,066, 913 90 66 Maine . 336 2, 056 192.3 21.0 3, 934,000 1, 561, 887 72 17 Maryland . 165 1, 324 772.7 128.9 25, 441, 000 16, 665, 820 240 112 Massachusetts . 1,833 774 371.6 119.0 45, 249, 000 3, 106, 900 75 37 Michigan . 1,055 7,208 612.4 44.0 144, 080, 000 34, 511, 934 251 111 Minnesota . 530 8, 030 489.8 36.1 45, 591, 000 16, 172, 807 199 69 Mississippi . 205 5, 531 403.4 95.0 4, 540. 000 4,058,424 69 10 Missouri— . 667 9, 577 473.1 41.3 42, 395, 000 10, 706, 495 154 34 Montana _ 120 3,090 305.5 25.0 3, 687, 000 4,331,953 116 63 Nebraska . . 267 7, 650 414.5 25.8 18, 870, 000 11,780, 854 199 69 Nevada. . 32 301.5 37.4 797, 000 1, 102, 111 110 117 New Hampshire - 160 689 254.8 54.7 3, 660, 000 1,373, 813 101 43 New Jersey . 1,079 945 612.8 156.5 171, 127, 000 30, 044, 457 304 250 New Mexico . 75 852 406.1 80.7 2,441,000 3, 280, 700 96 48 New York . . . 2, 027 9,191 897.2 51.1 510, 928, 000 95, 972, 985 314 261 North Carolina . 435 4, 368 494.5 154.2 24, 438, 000 65, 578, 466 131 114 North Dakota. . 63 5, 367 384.3 24.4 2, 478, 000 10, 817, 936 116 104 Ohio _ _ _ 1,553 4,604 544.1 96.5 143, 649, 000 59,000, 869 190 142 Oklahoma . 526 5, 342 398.7 83.9 24, 750, 000 30, 700, 748 143 95 Oregon . . 223 1,944 446.3 45.7 11, 790, 000 7, 859, 668 146 95 Pennsylvania . 2,425 9, 264 519.5 80.5 222, 153, 000 54, 258, 679 202 84 Rhode Island . . 321 104 340.9 116.6 26, 875, 000 1, 348, 182 280 156 South Carolina. . 249 3, 193 473.9 112.7 9, 095, 000 8,904, 725 95 33 South Dakota . 86 4, 932 372.5 24.6 4, 010, 000 9, 809, 438 144 98 Tennessee . 347 6,282 531.8 74. 6 13, 281, 000 19,111,936 90 52 Texas . . 1,255 11, 279 447.2 71.2 79, 927, 000 48, 296, 915 175 78 Utah.... . 76 563 702.9 155.3 5, 616, 000 6, 492, 903 120 82 Vermont 85 1,250 235.4 38.4 1, 589, 000 1,078,695 92 25 Virginia . 265 4, 613 568.4 95.7 18, 496, 000 12, 004, 000 142 34 Washington . 377 1,897 502.6 77.1 17, 407, 000 8, 593, 098 111 72 West Virginia . 1, 432 4, 667 737.3 73.7 2,835,300 9, 242, 100 31 31 Wisconsin.. . . 590 7, 652 492.2 37.5 27,472,000 7, 475, 552 108 29 Wyoming . 76 1,360 242.3 27.9 2, 725, 000 3, 287, 859 177 106 Table 44.— VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY, SALARIES, AND CURRENT EXPENDITURES, URBAN AND RURAL, 1935-36 118 Average salary of supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teach¬ ers Rural 05 N £ 526 1, 375 430 1, 240 916 1,494 1, 360 905 480 834 936 1,080 689 675 629 716 612 1, 188 968 908 691 520 664 935 Urban GO $1,818 953 1, 433 768 2, 089 1, 753 1,749 1,788 2,376 905 1, 059 1,223 1,769 1, 525 1, 353 1, 332 1, 267 1, 195 1, 181 1,812 1, 998 1, 861 1, 751 874 1, 698 1, 523 &.g s? 4^ o 9 2^ 3 o © c3 S S I r 1-H* H cd 00 '»coooco > Cl 05 CO Cl rTtrofofrd CO 00 Is* 00 00 kd CO rH IO © CO 05 CO IOC 05 t>» CO t>» ' rriVafad C0*00005 ic TjT coco SSooi 05 kO CO ^ c r-TcO kd*lO " ooco*o< H10 05C0' ^ cf Cl" CO C 00 T C0OC0 05N H 05 05 rJH rH 00 rH Ofi> kO 'OCOHrJ* > 05 CO rH 05 1 Cl 05 Cl Cl CO CO 00 CO (NH10H05 CO CO CO Cl 05 rH kO O CO > rh CM TcfdcfkO kb NC0 05H CO CM O H io ^ CO rH Tt^ kO kO 05 H H 05 O-^iOkON CO 00*0^ 05 00 00 05 05 05 CO CO 05 05 kO 05 CO 00 00 rjTco kdr-fcd kO 05 (N rH CO 00 kO 00 00 kd of of co" cd 05 00 00 05 XCOOOWN 00 05 >o «o »o 11151 IS* > ft§< ®r^ I2* tuo o T3 03 O _ © Sis? ^ OON^OO 05 00 CO kO Is* d 2 fn Cl Cq^rHkOOO C5COOOt^Cl kO(Ni O O rH rH COONOOO CO 05 < Cl CO CO Cl Cl Cl Cl CO ^ CO i oocoookot» Tji T* o CO rH CO 00 Cl I oo *o CO Is* is'sssf ci 00 kO CO ^ O Cl C5HHIOO Cl O 05 O GO kd of r>T of CO kO kO CO Cl CO 00 co kO TjT t>T cd cd rH HHCOkOCO rH Tt* 05 kO CO 05 ^ CO ^ rH r^T rtf cd r-T Tjf 0500^Tf< 00 oo o »o ofrCid kdoo CM CO rH Cl d 00 o 05 oo CO O rH H CO^kOkOH g?af^s‘ss kOCOOOHH cf cf cd co ^ CO CO H oo ooo o o © © © o oo o o efrH cdkdkd NH05-^(N L- 00 05 0005*00 cdtdTt^kdt^r OOTt*MCOCO 00 05 Cl 00 00080 o o o o o T^HCO^N 05 o co rH o O kO ^ Tt< sss§§ >OOQ ) o O o 'OOO cd o tjT cd ^OCO^O 05 CO Cl l 00 rH rf CO Cl kOHC l> 00 05 CO 05 kd cdtdoTcd OOOOt^t^rH o r-T kd of cd 0 o o © o fl 5 2 15h o PrS o CC .2 ■gg tx mo* jids Uea 'do Sis flh W o.2<’C ^ W rj §.S o C w w P #oo w g “re m o o a o os ® IZ3 IZS IZ2 u u ofiflfcO STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 119 88888 1IS85 8SE88 S3S8S sill sis'll' I’ss’ls’ S’ls'Sl l‘S‘1‘1'1 13'ssl o-Vf-'V « SS8S2 Islll sllll Issil SIS3 mm mm mm mm mm to MNH N«^rgoT ^ t> 1-H CO CD od id TjJ cs r OH ed hH* 1 State interest report apparently incomplete. » State capital outlay apparently incomplete. 122 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 46. — TEACHERS EMPLOYED IN PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, 1935-36 State or outlying part Teachers in elementary schools and kinder¬ gartens Teachers in secondary schools Total teachers in ele¬ mentary and second¬ ary schools Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U. S_. 3,881 62, 373 66,254 9,379 15,860 25,239 13,260 78, 233 91,493 Alabama . 29 316 345 81 150 231 110 466 576 Arizona . 3 210 213 26 37 63 29 247 276 Arkansas . 11 200 211 28 43 71 39 243 282 California . . . 112 1,677 1, 789 395 731 1,126 507 2,408 2,915 Colorado . 40 370 410 63 121 184 103 491 594 Connecticut . 102 1,356 1,458 404 430 834 506 1,786 2, 292 Delaware . . . 7 190 197 45 59 104 52 249 301 District of Columbia - 19 344 363 84 205 289 103 549 652 Florida . 15 280 295 64 67 131 79 347 426 Georiga . 17 199 216 109 90 199 126 289 415 Idaho . 4 115 119 14 48 62 18 163 181 Illinois . 370 5, 735 6, 105 666 1,111 1,777 1,036 6,846 7, 882 Indiana . . 144 1,294 1,438 149 256 405 293 1,550 1,843 Iowa... . 66 1,236 1,302 156 468 624 222 1,704 1, 926 Kansas.. . 70 730 800 91 218 309 161 948 1,109 Kentucky . 16 913 929 156 381 537 172 1,294 1,466 Louisiana . 41 1.271 1,312 184 308 492 225 1,579 1,804 Maine. _ _ _ 21 676 697 197 215 412 218 891 1, 109 Maryland . . 95 1,076 1, 171 221 296 517 316 1,372 1,688 Massachusetts . . . 209 4, 102 4,311 599 1,183 1,782 808 5,285 6,093 Michigan _ _ 172 2,844 3,016 201 635 836 373 3,479 3, 852 Minnesota . 116 1,707 1,823 215 340 555 331 2, 047 2, 378 Mississippi . 26 180 206 61 114 175 87 294 381 Missouri . 180 1,778 1,958 261 454 715 441 2, 232 2, 673 Montana . 10 294 304 28 54 82 38 348 386 Nebraska.. . 112 579 691 50 219 269 162 798 960 Nevada _ 7 7 7 7 New Hampshire . 42 723 765 183 133 316 225 856 1,081 New Jersey... . 93 3,269 3, 362 445 615 1,060 538 3,884 4,422 New Mexico . . . 9 175 184 19 73 92 28 248 276 New York . 556 9, 441 9, 997 1,238 2, 056 3, 294 1,794 11, 497 13, 291 North Carolina . . 16 190 206 111 117 228 127 307 434 North Dakota . 5 314 319 43 82 125 48 396 444 Ohio . . . 225 3,707 3,932 500 1,074 1,574 725 4,781 5,506 Oklahoma . 16 343 359 50 129 179 66 472 538 Oregon . 54 343 397 75 116 191 129 459 588 Pennsylvania . 383 7, 002 7,385 900 1,395 2,295 1,283 8, 397 9,680 Rhode Island . 30 820 850 184 143 327 214 963 1,177 South Carolina . 8 113 121 70 92 162 78 205 283 South Dakota . 46 413 459 22 59 81 68 472 540 Tennessee . 23 263 286 146 135 281 169 398 567 Texas . . 124 1,460 1,584 115 320 435 239 1,780 2,019 Utah.. . . . 52 52 4 41 45 4 93 97 Vermont _ 326 326 47 112 159 47 438 485 Virginia . 22 255 277 206 206 412 228 461 689 Washington . . 36 643 679 127 197 324 163 840 1,003 West Virginia . 11 211 222 36 77 113 47 288 335 Wisconsin . 165 2,588 2,753 305 441 746 470 3,029 3,499 Wyoming _ _ 10 43 53 5 14 19 15 57 72 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 36 American Samoa _ 6 9 15 6 9 15 Guam _ _ _ 7 7 7 7 Hawaii _ _ _ _ 11 260 271 131 184 315 142 444 586 Puerto Rico . 22 291 313 26 104 130 48 395 443 Virgin Islands _ 1 32 33 1 32 33 Table 47. PUPILS ENROLLED IN PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, 1935-36 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 123 Total pupils in elementary and secondary schools Total O § 8 e*‘ IsrsI ISIsl S1SSI §1S§§ 11511 SSSsS S'^'S'S "gggs Sg'SSg IS'-'S” 8 Sg'-‘ Girls 1 5- slSse ileis lisSI sisll lisSB 1SI11 sfgssg- gs-*g-~ 2 SS‘~ Boys 00 1,305, 740 Hiss §lsgg lill§ IS11S g|§i§ 6Slii s -S8SS sgiss? g‘s»'srf a' sfg* Pupils in secondary schools Total - 1 8 4,710 745 854 14, 334 2, 118 11,801 1,523 3,320 1.284 2, 903 505 28, 972 5. 539 11,584 4, 055 7, 442 9, 166 7, 180 8,447 26, 308 16,979 7,370 2, 086 10, 025 1,329 3, 670 ISIS ! OOVrf Girls c© a r. gfsiS ISiSI li§S§ sSISg llsss 5 of OC 0(N CS 4, 179 8, 154 810 Boys i© 175,374 1,974 351 335 6, 295 985 5, 156 811 1,228 535 1, 644 212 12,392 1,963 6, 099 1,810 2,980 4, 453 3,817 3, 925 10, 330 7, 631 3, 582 1,012 4, 378 510 1,339 ;§ m Pupils in elementary schools and kindergartens Total 1 _r « lliii llsll slisl gills ii§§2 iliii S3S333 gs-g- Sf of S'® Girls CO I s Si!!! II1SI sslis IrIIS Isili SSlIS ^•of»oo«o «=— o t-T Girls CO 169, 567 2, 457 4, 150 74,612 3, 573 5, 598 125, 754 14, 875 1,588 5,145 3, 244 23, 200 506 4,513 3, 798 7, 508 3,625 51, 201 943 :l ;« i” rf Boys N iSSIS SI3I1 §§i»S llii jfoTeojOeo o'ow eo‘o <*eo omm In ;eo 3,207 1 State or outlying part New York _ _ _ _ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio _ Oklahoma _ - ~ - - Oregon - - - Pennsylvania - Rhode Island _ South Carolina _ South Dakota. _ Tennessee _ Texas _ _ Utah _ Vermont _ ----- Virginia _ _ Washington _ _ _ West Virginia _ _ _ Wisconsin _ _ _ ------ Wyoming - - - - - - Outlying parts of the United States AlaeVa American Samoa _ ... . . - Guam _ _ _ Hawaii _ _ PhiUrtrtino Tclctrtrlc; pss:r::;:::: ::::::::::: Table 48.— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, TEACHERS, AND PUPILS IN CATHOLIC ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS 1935-36 1 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 125 Grand total Pupils §3 2 r* a ** !i sllsl issll slsli SS8SS sssll s's'sfsg Teach¬ ers 2 S 1 US 303 240 245 2,206 507 1,251 200 445 320 165 147 6,969 1, 543 1,812 979 1, 171 1,414 767 1, 352 4, 846 3, 540 2,110 255 2,239 380 SECONDARY SCHOOLS Enrollment Total 2 si i\ iilss Ills! 11111 SiSIl 1SSSS ~ j-Tr-T -T of ®>oooeo jo^o-Too-T Girls SI i ilsli 11111 slilS ilsll Ssllg » O «© 8| s?| gs§n SfsISI SsBlg ISsIl SSisl us ^TrHeo^H » 3 Wom¬ en 2 1,413 *^-"23 2M3°- ~g°332 §3-33 £§-:Sr' a 2 SI 4 2 57 4 20 6 8 3 11 1 115 13 23 14 8 23 3 18 59 25 47 1 29 5 Religious Wom¬ en 2 5 O 833§£ 33332 3£22g |3Sg| §§332 a i 2 2 « -§§33 §2333 3§2§3 Num¬ ber of schools O 1 0000°^® 20022>o ES05^ 3fc3§2 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Enrollment Total 1 § ** 1 llila sills SSsiS llasa 8ssl£ $•*£'*'* 33333 Girls GO II 1 r 1 11612 Sglll SSS15 IsSli Ssgll 23332 §3-3- Boys - 1 T ! IllSi Hill S1SI1 ISlsl gsgsa $«'*«** -3322 2323§ §§-§- Teachers Total C© 58,903 208 206 191 1,476 361 1,111 157 295 244 124 110 5, 464 1,229 1,216 715 828 1,049 688 1,059 3, 842 2,797 1,660 167 1, 663 301 * us 1 I « | 26 20 6 80 18 54 8 4 4 8 405 6 33 9 13 157 61 61 120 128 78 3 118 21 Religious Wom¬ en 54,414 222l§ 13332 2l32l gllil 1§2S3 -r -r uS-rH^H co* \ \ r \ Nc$2£;£ woSSa Hi zS- l Of 8 rC i sssas assss s|gs5 rssss ggsss State - Continental U. S AiaDama _ Arizona _ Arkansas _ California _ Colorado _ Connecticut . . Delaware _ _ _ _ District of Columbia _ Florida . . Georgia - Idaho _ . _ _ Illinois _ _ Indiana _ _ _ _ Iowa _ _ Kansas _ _ Kentucky _ _ Louisiana Maine _ . _ Maryland _ Massachusetts _ -- Michigan Minnesota _ Mississippi.. _ _ Missouri _ Montana.. . i Data supplied by the National Catholic Welfare Coni Table 48.— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, TEACHERS, AND PUPILS IN CATHOLIC ELEMENTARY AND HIGH SCHOOLS, 1935-36 — Continued 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 Grand total Pupils § 3iSIS sslll lllis IrsIr §212 a sfa”' sg's^sf -'s-s'-' 1 E- js nil ISSsl 5l§s| eggs CO £ 00- TH CO SECONDARY SCHOOLS Enrollment Total QO 3, 448 ill sail! Isaitg ISsis alS* ^ CM-r ^-CM-CO HM<“ r-T^- coW©' 1 O s 2,196 §§S SS1SI !Si3S Hall aSP CO- jr CM rC-T rncM' rn V Boys C© 1,252 111 s3!li sSlil sESSs gigs to oT oT lOrl r-T xtT Teachers Total § IIs 1S=I2 SS2SS sgssa §S|» CM* -i Wom¬ en a 10 79 5 273 6 13 129 12 6 99 10 1 3 8 21 5 1 9 7 6 19 Men a 00 1 112 3 274 3 7 94 4 7 93 28 2 3 13 1 8 23 12 2 55 Wom¬ en 2 s S3g3 SogSSS ggg*0 rH- Men 3 & =3“ 3S8|fe sgs— as-~a sag- Num¬ ber of schools ® 3 16 63 11 207 3 13 136 26 19 158 15 5 8 55 4 19 24 12 63 1 ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS Enrollment Total Oi 17, 966 208 22, 430 106, 435 5,728 327, 254 2, 975 7, 940 144, 845 6, 248 10, 267 254, 627 27, 462 1,572 9, 391 5, 184 39, 862 827 8, 992 6, 237 12, 670 6, 830 95, 769 1,042 Girls 00 8, 880 103 11, 245 52, 579 3, 288 162, 460 1,557 4, 127 71, 751 3, 237 5, 326 122, 186 14, 609 815 5, 075 2, 524 21, 276 460 4,510 3, 114 6,681 3,545 46, 911 542 Boys - Isali s— si ISlss ililS lass oT jHegei- g-rcoeoco V woo Vco «5eo» Teachers Total «© 1 r»IS ISSiS HFl igsag gigs > 3 I © 10 158 8 1, 173 9 1 292 1 16 169 19 2 13 10 64 1 3 6 9 8 12 1 Religious Wom¬ en riis SIsSS IIIs! SS-11 sgss CM- tC CO CO i-T CM- Men e* 82» g jgs j? -S3 ; ;» »»“- Num¬ ber of schools N gSSgk State - Nebraska _ Nfivada. New Hampshire _ New Jersey _ New Mexico _ New York _ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ _ Pennsylvania _ Rhode Island _ South Carolina _ South Dakota _ Tennessee... _ _ Texas _ _ _ Utah _ _ _ Vermont... _ _ Virginia _ Washington _ West Virginia.... _ _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ _ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 BEING CHAPTER III OF VOLUME II OF THE BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1934-36 BULLETIN, 1937, No . 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] By LESTER B. H E R L I H Y Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics AND WALTER S. DEFFENBAUGH Chief, Division of American School Systems With the collaboration of other staff members as shown in footnote UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT printing office WASHINGTON : 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., Price 10 cents CONTENTS PART I: GENERAL FINDINGS 1. Text: Page Introduction _ 1 Enrollments _ 2 School attendance _ 5 The school term and number of days attended _ 6 Supervisory and teaching staff _ 8 Pupil-teacher ratio _ 10 Cost per pupil in average daily attendance _ 12 Percentage distribution of the city school dollar _ 16 Schools, school buildings, and property investments _ 18 Bonded indebtedness of city school systems _ 20 Night schools _ 20 Summer schools _ 21 2. Derived tables: I. Percent of total enrollment in each grade, 1931-32 and 1935- 36, and percentage of increase or decrease in 100 cities _ 2 II. Percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance (full¬ time day schools) 1926-36 _ 5 III. Percentage of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance at different sehool levels of public day schools for 1935-36 in 100 city sj7stems _ 5 IV. Number of days schools were in session and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled, 1930, 1932, 1934, and 1936 _ 6 V. Number of days schools were in session and number of days attended, number of days absent, and percentage of term not attended, 1926-36, 1925-26, and 1935-36 _ 6 VI. Distribution of 800 cities having a population of 10,000 or more, according to number of days the public schools were actually in session, 1935-36 _ 8 VII. Percentage of men teachers, 1926-36 (full-time day schools) __ 9 VIII. Percentage of men teachers in each type of school, 1934 and 1936 _ _ _ 9 IX. Number of teachers to principal and supervisor by population groups, 1926-36 _ 10 X. Number of pupils enrolled and in average daily attendance per teacher 1926-36 _ 11 XI. Number of pupils enrolled per teacher, by type of school in 100 cities, 1933-34 and 1935-36 (sampling of 100 cities) _ 11 XII. Distribution of 100 cities having a population of 10,000 and more as to number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher, 1935-36 _ 12 XIII. Annual total current expense per pupil in average daily attendance, 1926-36 (full-time day schools) _ 13 XIV. Cost per pupil in average daily attendance for each current- expense item, 1935-36 (day schools) _ 13 in IV CONTENTS 2. Derived tables — Continued. Pag<} XV. Range in annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance in 310 city school systems, 1935-36 _ 14 XVI. Cost per pupil in average daily attendance for each current expense item, for capital outlay, and for interest, 1926-36 (full-time day schools) _ 15 XVII. Percentage distribution of the current expense and total ex¬ pense dollar by population groups, 1935-36 _ 16 XVIII. Range in the percentage of the amount devoted to each cur¬ rent expense item in 310 cities, 1935-36 _ 17 XIX. Percentage distribution of the current expense and total ex¬ pense dollar in cities of 1 0,000 population and more, 1 926-36 _ 17 XX. Value of school properties per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance in city school systems, 1926-36 _ 18 XXI. School bonds outstanding less amount in sinking fund in cities of 10,000 population and more, 1926-36 _ 20 XXII. Night and Americanization schools in cities of 2,500 and more population, 1926-36 _ 21 XXIII. Summer schools in cities of 2,500 population and more, 1922- 36 _ 22 PART II: STATISTICAL DETAILS 1. Summary for the United States Table 1. Comparative summary of personnel and fiscal statistics for the four groups of cities of 2,500 population and more for the school year 1935-36 _ 22 2. Summaries by States 2. Combined summary of personnel and attendance data, day, part-time and continuation, night, and summer schools in cities of 2,500 popu¬ lation and more, 1935-36 _ 24 3. Combined summary of expenditures, value of school properties, number of schools, and school buildings in cities of 2,500 population and more, 1935-36 _ 26 3. Detailed Statistics for Individual Cities 4. Enrollment, attendance, length of term, number of schools, and instruc¬ tional staff for group I, II, and III cities and for county unit school systems which include large cities not reported separately, 1935-36- _ 28 5. Expenses, outlays, and other payments from current funds for group I, II, and III cities and for county unit systems which include large cities not reported separately, 1935-36 _ 47 CHAPTER III STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 1 INTRODUCTION THIS REPORT presents statistics of city school systems for the school year 1935-36. Prior to 1933-34 school statistics for cities included in county unit systems were estimated. Most of these cities are in Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, and West Virginia. Since the method of estimating school statistics for the cities included with the counties in these States was very unsatisfactory it was dis¬ continued in 1933-34. A few data are, however, presented in tables 3 and 4 for the counties in which the cities are located. In eight cities, there is more than one school district. As in previous years statistics for each school district within a city are presented. The cities are divided into four population groups on the basis of the 1930 census. Group I includes 90 cities having a population of 100,000 or more with school systems of their own. The other 3 cities of this population size are included in county school systems. Group II includes 211 cities having a population of 30,000 to 99,999 with school systems of their own. There are 15 other cities of this size, but they are included in larger school administrative units. Group III includes 642 cities having a population of 10,000 to 29,999 with school systems of their own. The other 22 cities of this population size are included in larger units. Group IV includes 1,948 cities having a population of 2,500 to 9,999 that maintain their own schools. The other 206 cities of this size are included in larger administrative units. Since statistics for the schools in cities included in larger school administrative units were eliminated from the report in 1933-34 and are eliminated from the present report, it is difficult to make com¬ parisons of total amounts for the years prior to 1933-34. Such comparisons as are presented have been made on some unit basis. Comparisons of gross amounts can, however, be made on such items as are given both in the 1933-34 and the 1935-36 reports. The statistics for 1935-36 are not given in as full detail as were those for 1929-30 and for 1933-34, since the Office of Education in 1930 adopted the policy of publishing reports containing detailed statistics every 4 years and greatly abridged reports for the biennium between. The report for 1935-36 being an abridged report contains details for only a few items. In its abridged form the report follows in general outline the report for 1931-32. 1 Statistics prepared under the supervision of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics, and by Lula M. Comstock, Julia E. Isdell, and Blanche K\ Choate, statistical clerks. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 ENROLLMENTS In 1935-36 the total number of pupils enrolled in the public day schools of the city school systems was 12,971,108. Of this number 6,582,298 were boys and 6,388,810 were girls. In addition to the regular day school enrollments there were 783,726 persons attending night schools; 117,176, summer schools; and 120,707, part-time and continuation schools (table I). From 1933-34 to 1935-36 the total enrollment in the city public day schools decreased by 78,036 pupils, or about one-half of 1 percent. Of this number 56,310 were boys and 21,726 were girls. In each of the four groups of cities except group I, there was a slight increase in the number of pupils enrolled. In group I the enrollments decreased from 6,321,194 in 1933-34 to 6,204,179 in 1935-36, a decrease of 117,015, or about 1 percent. Table I.— PERCENT OF TOTAL ENROLLMENT IN EACH GRADE 1931-32 AND 1935-36, AND PERCENTAGE OF INCREASE OR DE¬ CREASE IN 100 CITIES Grade Population, 100,000 and more (25 cities) Population, 2,500 (75 cities) to 100,000 Percent of total en¬ rollment in each grade Percent of change from 1931-32 to 1935-36 Percent of total en¬ rollment in each grade Percent of change from 1931-32 to 1935-36 1931-32 1935-36 1931-32 1935-36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kindergarten . . 7.4 6.7 -10.7 5.2 4.5 -12.6 First _ _ _ _ 10.7 8.9 -17.2 10.8 9.4 -11.5 Second . . . . . 8.8 7.9 -11.1 9.3 8.2 -10.5 Third. _ _ _ _ 8.4 7.8 -6.3 8.9 8.3 -7.9 Fourth . . 8.3 8.0 -3.4 8.8 8.3 -4.6 Fifth... _ _ _ _ 8.3 8.1 -2.0 8.6 8.4 -3.3 Sixth . . . . . . . . ... 7.9 8.0 +1.3 8.2 8.3 +2.3 Seventh . . . . 7.5 7.9 +4.7 7. 6 8.2 +8.8 Eighth _ _ _ _ _ 7.2 7.7 +6.0 7.4 7.8 +7.3 Ninth.. . . . . .. .. 7.7 8.7 +11.1 8.0 8.9 +11.7 Tenth . . . . . . 6.4 7.3 +12.1 6.5 7.7 +16.2 Eleventh.... . . .. . . 4.4 5.4 +16.9 5.5 6.1 +19.7 Twelfth _ _ _ _ _ _ . .. 3.3 4.2 +21.1 4.3 5.2 +19.0 Special classes _ _ _ 2.5 2.4 -5.9 .1 .1 0 Postgraduate high school _ _ _ 1.2 1.0 -7.0 .8 .6 -.9 Total _ _ 100.0 100.0 -.2 100.0 100.0 +1.4 A comparison of the percentage of pupils enrolled by grades in 1931-32 and in 1935-36 in a sampling of 25 cities having a population of 100,000 or more and in 75 cities having a population of 2,500 to 100,000 shows that a smaller percentage was enrolled in the kinder¬ garten and first five grades and a larger percentage in the last seven grades in 1935-36 than in 1931-32 (table I and fig. 1). The grade enrollments within the period show a marked decrease in the kinder¬ garten, first, second, and third grades, by a progressively diminishing CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Per cent of Change Kindergarten -10^7 -12.6 a -17.2 iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniimi rtret Legend 111 linn 25 Cities of 100,000 population 111111111 and more MM 75 Cities of 2,500 to 100,000 population Second Grade -11.1 -10.5 '7.9 | Third Grade fourth Grade -4.6 '3iiJ fifth Grads -2^jj| Sixth Grade fil. Sewenth Grade tlghth Orade 7.3 1 Grade iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiumi I16.2 Eleventh Grade Twelfth Grade Special classes, ungraded '5-9 Post Graduate, High School -7.0 -0.91 Total -0.2 F1-* Figure 1.— Percentage of change in grade enrollments in 100 cities from 1932 to 1936. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 amount in the fourth and fifth grades and changing to an increase in the sixth grade of 1.3 percent in cities having a population of 100,000 or more and 2.3 percent in cities having a population of 2,500 to 100,000. In the grades above the fifth there was an increase in each up to and including the twelfth in which there was the largest increase, amounting to 21.1 percent in the large cities and to 19 percent in the others. Data compiled for 100 cities having a population of 10,000 or more show that from 1933-34 to 1935-36 the kindergarten enrollment in these cities decreased 2.8 percent and the elementary school enroll¬ ment 4.7 percent, and that the junior high school enrollment increased 9.6 percent, the junior-senior high school 9 percent, the senior high school 10 percent, and the 4-year high school 9.6 percent. Because of the decrease in elementary school enrollments several questions arise. What will be the effect upon schoolhouse construc¬ tion for elementary schools? To those persons who think that an elementary school building should contain nothing but classrooms there is no problem in view of the decreasing enrollments. But is this true? According to a recent study made by the Office of Educa¬ tion it was found that 39.3 percent of the school buildings in 506 cities of 10,000 population and over are more than 30 years old and that such buildings do not contain auditoriums, gymnasiums, and facilities for nature study, shop work, art, music, play and recreation, dramat¬ ics, and motion pictures. It is thus evident that new elementary school buildings are needed in many cities in order to provide the proper educational facilities for children of the present day. What will be the effect on school organization? Wlien enrollments were increasing and more school buildings were needed to house the additional number of children many cities used the occasion to organ¬ ize 3-year junior high schools^ which relieved the elementary schools of grades 7 and 8 and the high schools of grade 9. Now that the ele¬ mentary school enrollment is decreasing there is no occasion, so far as school buildings are concerned, to relieve the elementary schools of some of their pupils. Will the cities in which the elementary school enrollment is decreasing continue to organize separate junior high schools or will they organize such schools and house them with ele¬ mentary schools? Will some cities take the seventh grade out of the junior high schools and include it with the elementary schools? WTill 5-year undivided high schools be organized? No specific answers can be given to these and other questions that are arising because of de¬ creasing enrollments in the elementary schools. Each city will have its own peculiar problems which can be solved only by a careful analy¬ sis of the situation. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Of the 12,971,108 pupils in the city public full-time day schools in 1935-36, 11,175,630 were in average daily attendance. This is 68,037 more than were in average daily attendance in 1933-34. In round numbers, not adjusting for duplications in enrollments and withdraw¬ als, 1,795,500, or 13.8 percent, of the children enrolled in 1935-36 were, on an average, absent from school each day. Within the 10-year period, 1925-26 to 1935-36, the percentage of enrolled children attending daily increased from 82.8 in 1925-26 to a high of 86.4 in 1931-32, with a "decline to 86.1 in 1933-34 and 86.2 in 1935-36. Only in cities of group IV was the percentage of attendance higher in 1935-36 than in 1931-32, and only in group I was the per¬ centage of attendance higher in 1935-36 than in 1933-34. Table II.— PERCENTAGE OF ENROLLMENT IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE (FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS) 1926-36 Percentage of enrollment by population group Year Total 1 II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1926 . 81.7 83.2 83.1 84.1 82.8 1928 . . . 81.2 83.7 84.6 84.6 83.4 1930.. . . . . 83.8 84.3 85.1 85.3 84.4 1932 . . . 86.3 86.3 86.8 86.4 86.4 1934 . . . 85.3 86.6 87.2 87.0 86.1 1936 . 86.0 85.6 86.6 86.5 86.2 Data compiled for 100 cities having a population of 10,000 or more show that in these cities there was but little difference among the various types of schools, except the kindergarten, with respect to school attendance in relation to enrollment. The percentage of attendance was, however, highest in the 4-year high school. In groups I and II the percentage of attendance in the junior-senior high school was greater than in the other types of schools, while in group III the percentage of attendance in the elementary school was higher than in any other type of school organization. Table III.— PERCENTAGE OF PUPILS ENROLLED IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE AT DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS OF PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS FOR 1935-36 IN 100 CITY SYSTEMS Percentage of attendance by type of school Population group Kinder¬ garten Elemen¬ tary school Junior high school Junior- senior high school Senior high school 4-year regular high school 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I . 73.5 86.0 88.8 89.8 87.4 90.0 II . . . . . . 69.4 86.6 89.9 90.4 86.8 87.9 III.— . 56.5 87.3 85.5 86.6 86.3 85.5 Total _ _ _ 72.2 86.3 88.5 89.2 87.0 89.5 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 THE SCHOOL TERM AND NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED In 1935-36 the average number of days that the schools in cities having a population of 2,500 or more were in session was 182, which was the same as in 1931-32 and 1933-34 and 3 days less than in 1929- 30. From 1933-34 to 1935-36 there was no change in the number of days that the schools in cities of group I were in session. In cities of group II there was a decrease of 6 days, in cities of group III a decrease of 2 days, and in cities of group IV an increase of 1 day. Table IV.— NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE IN SESSION AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED BY PUPILS ENROLLED, 1930, 1932, 1934, AND 1936 Population group Days in session by year Days attended by year 1930 1932 1934 1936 1930 1932 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I _ 188 184 184 184 158 159 157 158 II_. _ _ 183 181 187 181 154 157 162 155 III . . . . 182 180 178 180 155 156 155 156 IV _ _ _ _ _ 180 178 177 178 153 153 154 154 Combined _ 185 182 182 182 156 157 157 157 The average number of days attended by the pupils enrolled in 1935-36 was the same as in 1933-34 (Table IV). In cities of group I there was an increase of 1 day; in group II there was a decrease of 7 days; in group III an increase of 1 day; and in group IV there was no change. A comparison of the school term for a 10-year period, 1925-26 to 1935-36, shows a decrease of 1 day from the former to the latter date (table V). In group I there was a decrease of 3 days; in group II a decrease of 2 days; in group III a decrease of 1 day; and in group IV there was no change. Table V.— NUMBER OF DAYS SCHOOLS WERE IN SESSION, NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED, NUMBER OF DAYS ABSENT, AND PERCENT¬ AGE OF TERM NOT ATTENDED, 1925-26 AND 1935-36 Population group Days in session Days attended Days absent from school Percentage of term not at¬ tended 1925-26 1935-36 1925-26 1935-36 1925-26 1935-36 1925-26 1935-36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I. _ _ _ _ _ 187 184 153 158 34 26 18 14 II . . . . . 183 181 152 155 31 26 17 17 III _ 181 180 151 156 30 24 16 13 IV... . . . 178 178 150 154 28 24 16 13 Combined _ _ 183 182 152 157 31 25 17 13 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 In each group of cities there was an increase in the number of days attended. In group I there was a gain of 5 days; in group II, 3 days; in group III, 5 days; and in group IV, 4 days; and for all groups com¬ bined there was an increase of 5 days. Figure 2— Length of school year in days in 800 cities of 10,000 population and more, 1935-3*. In table IV the length of school term (in days) is given for individual cities in groups I, II, and III. From the detailed data contained in that table and from the averages given in table V only a general idea as to the number of days that the schools were in session can be ob¬ tained. A clearer conception of the situation with respect to the school term may be had by consulting table VI and figure 2 which show the distribution of 800 cities according to the number of days that the public schools in cities of groups I, II, and III were in session in 1935-36. Of the 800 cities represented in table VI and figure 2, 34 cities, or 4.2 percent of the total number, had a school term of less than 171 days, or not more than 8 % months; 454, or 57 percent, a school term 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 of less than 181 days, or not more than 9 months; 751, or 93.9 percent, a school term of less than 191 days, or 9 % months; while only 49 cities had a school term of from 9% to 10 months. In only 8 cities was the school term from 196 to 200 days, or what might be considered a term of 10 months. Table VI.— DISTRIBUTION OF 800 CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 OR MORE, ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF DAYS THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS WERE ACTUALLY IN SESSION, 1935-36 Length of term in days Group I Group II Group III Total Num¬ ber Percent Num¬ ber Percent Num¬ ber Percent Num¬ ber Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 151 to 155 . . . 1 0.5 1 0.2 2 0.2 156 to 160 . 1 .5 6 1.1 7 .9 161 to 165. . 1 .5 2 .4 3 .4 166 to 170 . 3 3.3 5 2.8 14 2.6 22 2.7 171 to 175 . . . 12 13.3 24 13.3 71 13.3 107 13.3 176 to 180 . 29 32.2 54 30.0 230 43.7 313 39.4 181 to 185 . 22 24.5 61 28.3 124 23.3 197 24.5 186 to 190 . . 13 14.5 26 14.7 61 11.4 100 12.4 191 to 195 . 9 10.0 15 8.3 17 3.2 41 5.1 196 to 200 . 2 2.2 2 1.1 4 .8 8 1.1 While in some cities 20 days’ actual teaching constitute a school month, a majority of cities do not have this requirement, and a session may fall short of the actual stated number of school months because of the numerous holidays granted. For example, a city may have a 10 months’ school term, yet be in session only 185 or 190 days after deducting for 10 to 15 holidays. SUPERVISORY AND TEACHING STAFF In the public day schools of the 2,900 city systems reporting, 3,217 superintendents and assistant superintendents, 19,190 supervisors and principals, and 382,789 teachers were employed in 1935-36 (table 1). In 1935-36 there were 8 more superintendents and assistant superin¬ tendents, 364 more supervisors and principals, and 10,432 more teachers than in 1933-34. Of the 382,789 teachers in the day schools of all the city school system in 1935-36, 66,824, or 17.4 percent, were men and 315,965, or 82.6 percent, were women. The proportion of men teachers has been steadily increasing in each group of cities. From 1925-26 to 1935-36 the proportion of men teachers increased from 12.2 percent to 16.9 percent in cities of group I; from 11.1 percent to 16.4 percent in cities of group II; from 10.8 percent to 17.3 percent in cities of group III; from 12.2 percent to 19.7 percent in cities of group IV, and from 11.8 percent to 17.4 percent for all cities. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Table VII— PERCENTAGE OF MEN TEACHERS, 1926-36 (FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS) Percentage of men teachers by population group xear 1 1 n m IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1926 . 12.2 11.1 10.8 12.2 11.8 1928 . 13.1 11.9 11.4 i 12.7 12.3 1930 . . . 13.8 I 12.6 12.3 13.7 13.3 1932. . . . 14.9 1 13.8 13.8 : 15.6 14.4 1934 . 15.9 15.2 15.3 i 17.8 16.1 \936 . 16.9 16.4 17.3 ' 19.7 17.4 Data were not compiled to show for all cities by type of school the ratio of men to women teachers, but data on this point were compiled from a sampling which included a total of 100 cities of groups I, II, and III. For all three groups combined only 3.5 percent of the elementary school teachers were men, while 25.2 percent of the junior high school teachers, 37.7 percent of the junior-senior high school teachers, 35.9 percent of the senior high school teachers, and 37.4 percent of the regular 4-year high-school teachers were men. (See table VIII.) From 1933-34 to 1935-36 there was a slight decrease in the percentage of men teachers in the elementary, senior-high, and regular 4-year high schools, and an increase in the junior and in the junior-senior high schools. Table VIII.— PERCENTAGE OF MEN TEACHERS IN EACH TYPE OF SCHOOL, 1934 AND 1936 Percentage of men teachers by population group Type of school I II in Total 1934 1936 1934 1936 1934 1936 1934 1936 1 2 i 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Elementary . . . . I J unior high school. . . 4.3 24.8 35.5 38.6 38.6 3.8 ! 25.0 1 38.1 34.4 37.8 2.8 ! 26.0 36. 1 37.6 36.7 2. 1 26.5 39. 1 37.0 38.5 3.7 25.6 1 34.1 i 37.7 34.6 | 3.4 22. 4 ' 33.6 37.9 36.4 3.8 1 25.1 35. 1 38. 1 37.5 3.5 25.2 37.7 35.9 37.4 Junior-senior _ _ _ ... Senior... _ _ _ _ Regular 4-year high school _ . In 1935-36 the average number of teachers per supervisor, including principals, was the same as in 1933-34, and four more than in 1925-26. In each group of cities there has been an increase in the number of teachers per supervisor and principal since 1925-26, especially in cities of group IV in which there was within the 10-year period an increase of 13 teachers per supervisor and principal. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table IX.— NUMBER OF TEACHERS TO PRINCIPAL AND SUPER¬ VISOR BY POPULATION GROUPS, 1926-36 Not including principals there were in 1935-36, 109 teachers per supervisor in cities of group I; 68 in group II; and 62 in group III. In cities of group I there were 25 teachers per principal; in group II, 25 ; and in group III, 24. Since data showing the number of supervisors and principals separately are not available for previous years, com¬ parisons cannot be made to show any possible changes which may have occurred in the number of teachers per supervisor and per principal. In 1935-36 the average salary of teachers, not including super¬ visors and principals, in all types of city day schools was $1,763. The average for cities in group I was $2,183; in group II, $1,664; in group III, $1,386; and in group IV, $1,193. Data to show changes in teachers’ salaries are available only for cities of groups I, II, and III. Teachers in cities of group I were receiving $113, or 5.4 percent more than in 1933-34; in group II, $87, or 5.5 percent more; and in group III, $53, or 4 percent more. P UPIL- TEA CHER1 R A TIO In 1935-36 the average number of pupils enrolled per teacher in cities having a population of 2,500 or more was 34, which was 1 less than in 1933-34; the number in average daily attendance per teacher was 30, which was also 1 less than in 1933-34. During the 10-year period 1925-26 to 1935-36, the average number of pupils enrolled per teacher varied somewhat from biennium to biennium, decreasing from 35 in 1925-26 to 34 in 1927-28, to 33 in 1929-30 and in 1931-32; increasing to 35 in 1933-34 and decreasing to 34 in 1935-36. In each group of cities there was also a slight variation in the number of pupils enrolled per teacher and in the num¬ ber in average daily attendance per teacher (table XX). A comparison of the number of pupils enrolled per teacher in 100 cities having a population of 10,000 or more shows (table XI) that in 1935-36 the pupil-teacher ratio in the kindergarten, the elementary school, the junior high school, and the senior high school was greater CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 than in 1933-34, and that the pupil-teacher ratio in the junior-senior and in the regular 4-year high school was a little less than in 1933-34. Among the three population groups there was some difference in the pupil-teacher ratio by type of school. In cities of group I the number of pupils enrolled in 1935-36 per kindergarten, elementary, junior high, and regular 4-year high-school teacher was greater than the number enrolled per teacher in group II and in group III. The pupil- teacher ratio in the junior-senior high school was the highest in group III and in the senior high school in group II (table XI). Table X.— NUMBER OF PUPILS ENROLLED AND IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PER TEACHER, 1926-36 Number of pupils by population group Year II III IV Total Average Average Average Average Average Enrolled daily Enrolled daily Enrolled daily Enrolled daily Enrolled daily per attend¬ per attend¬ per attend¬ per attend¬ per attend teacher ance per teacher teacher ance per teacher teacher ance per teacher teacher ance per teacher teacher ance per teacher ‘ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1926. . 36 29 33 27 34 28 33 28 35 29 1928 . 35 29 32 27 33 28 33 28 34 28 1930 . . 35 30 32 27 33 28 32 28 33 28 1932 _ 35 30 32 28 33 28 32 28 33 29 1934 . 36 30 33 29 34 30 34 29 35 30 1936 _ 35 30 33 28 33 28 33 28 34 29 Among the different types of schools for all groups combined the lowest pupil-teacher ratio was in the junior-senior high school and the highest in the kindergarten. The pupil- teacher ratio in the elemen¬ tary school was much higher than in any of the types of secondary schools (table XI). Table XI.— NUMBER OF PUPILS ENROLLED PER TEACHER, BY TYTE OF SCHOOL IN 100 CITIES, 1933-34 AND 1935-36 Number of pupils by population group Type of school I II III Total 1934 1936 1934 1936 1934 1936 1934 1936 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kindergarten _ _ 62.9 66.8 52.4 49.9 49.6 47.6 59.0 63.0 Elementary.. . . . 37.8 39. 1 34.9 33.0 36.2 36.8 36.9 37.9 Junior high school . . . 30.9 32.2 29.0 28. 1 31.0 30.0 30.4 30.7 Junior-Senior _ _ _ _ 29.7 31.2 29.6 28.9 31.8 36.7 30.4 29.7 Senior ... ... _ _ 29.9 30.7 30.2 33.0 29.2 28.0 29.8 32.0 Regular 4-year high school.. . . 32. 1 31.8 30.8 28.4 30.9 28.6 31.6 31.4 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 The number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher as given in table X is only an average. In order to give an illustration of the variation of the pupil-teacher ratio in elementary, junior, and senior high schools, a distribution of 100 cities having a population of 10,000 or more is presented (table XII). The number of pupils in average daily attendance per elementary, junior high, and senior high school teacher was more than 34 in 18, 9, and 3 cities, respectively. In only 9 of the 100 cities is the number of pupils in average daily attendance per elementary school teacher less than 25, while there are 27 cities in which the pupil- teacher ratio in the junior high school is less than 25, and 28 cities in which the ratio in the senior high school is less than 25. Table XII.— DISTRIBUTION OF 100 CITIES HAVING A POPULATION OF 10,000 AND MORE AS TO NUMBER OF PUPILS IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PER TEACHER, 1935-36 Number of pupils per teacher Elemen¬ tary Junior high Senior high * % 3 4 Fewer than 20. . . . 4 s 20 to 24 . . . . . . . 9 23 28 25 to 29— . . . . . . . . 31 47 50 30 to 34 . . . . 42 17 11 35 to 39 . . . . 15 5 3 40 to 49 . . . . . . 3 3 50 and more _ _ _ _ _ 1 Total . . 100 100 100 COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE In 1935-36 the average cost per full-time day pupil based upon average daily attendance and current expenses was $91.36 for school systems in cities having a population of 2,500 or more. The averages, by groups of cities ranged from $68.10 in cities of group IV to $106.82 in group I. This means that the cost per pupil in the latter group was $38.72, or 56.8 percent greater than in the former. The range in cost per pupil among cities of the same population group was also very great. Data compiled for 310 cities show that the per pupil cost in 70 cities of group I ranged from $147.75 to $45.30; in 80 cities of group II from $205.06 to $26.54; in 80 cities of group III from $144.09 to $24.49; and in 80 cities of group IV from $243.24 to $25.72. If the per pupil cost had been calculated for every city the range in costs would probably have been somewhat greater. From biennium to biennium between 1925-26 and 1929-30 there was an increase in the average cost per pupil in average daily attendance. From the latter date to 1933-34 the cost per pupil decreased, and from 1933-34 to 1935-36 there was an increase in the cost per pupil (table XIII). CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 Table XIII.— ANNUAL TOTAL CURRENT EXPENSE PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1926-36 (FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS) Year Amount expended per pupil by population group Total ! | II m IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1926 _ _ _ _ — . 1928 _ _ _ _ - . . $105. 19 114.20 119. 17 114. 86 99.56 106. 82 $90. 15 94. 97 98.03 97.02 83. 35 89. 67 $79.98 82.82 85.75 82.04 69. 10 75.82 $74 69 75.69 79. 02 73. 09 63.55 68. 10 $91.98 97.11 100. 95 98.00 83.81 91.36 1930 . . . . 1932 _ _ _ _ 1934 . . . . . . 1936 . . . . From 1929-30 to 1931-32 the average cost per pupil decreased $2.95, or 2.9 percent; and from 1931-32 to 1933-34 the decrease amounted to $14.19, or 14.5 percent. From 1933-34 to 1935-36 the average cost per pupil increased $7.55, or 9 percent. The pupil cost in 1935-36, although higher than in 1933-34, was still $6.64 less than in 1931-32 and $9.59 less than in 1929-30, $5.75 less than in 1927-28, and 62 cents less than in 1925-26. In each group of cities the average cost per pupil in 1935-36 was greater than in 1933-34. In cities of group I the increase amounted to $7.26, or 7.3 percent; in group II to $6.33, or 7.5 percent; in group III to $6.72, or 9.7 percent ; and in group IV to $4.55, or 7.2 percent. The greatest percentage gain was in cities of group III and the least in cities of group IV. An analysis of the cost per pupil by current expense items shows that as the population groups decrease in size the cost for general control increases and the cost of instruction, operation, mainte¬ nance, and fixed charges decreases (table XIV). Table XIV.— COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE FOR EACH CURRENT-EXPENSE ITEM, 1935-36 (DAY SCHOOLS) Item Cost per pupil by population group Total I II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 General control . . . . $3.38 $2.94 $3. 27 $4.49 $3.50 Instruction .. . . . . . 82.92 68. 91 56.35 47.78 69. 40 Operation . — . 9. 92 10.17 9. 10 8. 15 9. 49 Maintenance - - . - - - 3.88 3. 13 2. 79 2. 57 3. 32 Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities.. . 2.81 2. 87 2.75 3.61 2.96 Fixed charges . . . 3. 91 1. 65 1.56 1.50 2.69 Total current . . . 106. 82 89. 67 75. 82 68. 10 91. 36 49937—38—2 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 In each group of cities the range in cost per pupil for each expense item is very great, as is indicated from data for 310 city school sys¬ tems (table XV). In group I, for example, the cost per pupil for instruction ranges from $38.23 to $113.46, and for operation of plant from $3.17 to $16. Table XV.— RANGE IN ANNUAL COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN 310 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 Item Range in annual cost per pupil by population group I (70 cities) II (80 cities) III (80 cities) IV (80 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 General control _ Instruction ..... _ _ _ .. .. $0. 94- $6. 24 38.23-113. 46 3. 17- 16.00 .81- 12.04 .20- 8.82 0 - 11.47 $0. 74- $7. 45 23. 11-160. 41 2.01- 19.91 .37- 9.26 .09- 14.03 0 - 7. 95 $1. 40- $6. 41 19. 88-108. 06 1. 53- 16. 68 .20- 11.54 0 - 6.60 0 - 9.81 $1. 61— $17. 39 20. 98-117. 16 1.47- 61.58 0 - 40. 15 0 - 25. 58 0 - 6. 44 Operation of plant _ . Maintenance of plant _ . .. _ Coordinate activities and auxiliary agencies _ Fixed charges. ... .. .. ... . . . Total current cost _ 45. 30-147. 75 26. 54-205. 06 24. 49-144. 09 25. 72-243. 24 1 - , — < ) ^ School bo r nda outstanding less sinking funds \ \ A a Current j )— * - jcpenae _ _ U) " - Litlay Interest i on all debtt 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 Figure 3.— Amounts per pupil in average daily attendance in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1926-36- CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 An analysis of total expenses for cities of groups I, II, and III •combined shows that there was an increase in the average cost per pupil from 1925-26 to 1929-30 for current expenses and for interest and a decrease in capital outlay. Each of the current expense items also shows an increase. From 1929-30 to 1933-34 there was a de¬ crease in each of the current expense items, in capital outlay, and an increase in interest charges (table XVI and fig. 3). Table XVI.— COST PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE FOR EACH CURRENT EXPENSE ITEM, FOR CAPITAL OUTLAY, AND FOR INTEREST, 1926-1936 (FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS) GROUP I Year General control Instruc¬ tion Opera¬ tion Mainte¬ nance Auxil¬ iary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total current expenses Capital outlay Interest > 2 3 4 5 ! 6 7 8 9 10 1926 _ $3. 43 $82.55 $9. 47 $5.25 $2. 99 $1.50 $105. 19 $34. 95 $8.64 1928 _ 3.49 88.21 10. 47 5. 39 3. 57 3. 07 114.20 27. 39 7.28 1930 _ 3. 78 91.77 10. 92 5. 55 3.71 3. 44 119. 17 26. 37 10.20 1932 _ 3. 62 89.13 10. 32 4.23 3. 56 4.00 114.86 14.71 11.31 1934 _ 3.11 76.56 9.11 1 2.93 2.63 3.28 97. 62 2. 96 10. 82 1936 _ 3. 38 82.92 9. 92 1 3.88 2.81 3.91 106. 82 9. 32 9. 69 GROUP II 1926 _ | $3. 03 $68. 88 $9. 97 $3. 94 $2. 77 $1.56 $90. 15 $31. 39 $7. 11 1928 _ 3.02 72. 94 10. 33 3. 94 3. 25 1.49 94. 97 22. 61 6.98 1930 _ 3. 30 74.88 10. 49 4.03 3. 37 1.96 98.03 21.06 8. 82 1932 _ 3.29 75. 36 10.31 3. 10 3. 17 1.79 97. 02 12.70 10. 23 1934 _ 2. 77 63. 14 9. 37 2. 37 2.71 1.78 82. 14 2. 69 9. 64 1936 _ 2. 94 68. 91 10. 17 3. 13 2. 87 1.65 89. 67 6. 97 9.21 GROUP III 1926 _ $3. 50 $59. 92 $9. 36 $3. 50 $2.06 $1.64 $79. 98 $28. 10 $6. 65 1928 _ 3. 48 62. 34 9. 52 3.29 2. 59 1.60 82. 82 23.80 6.64 4930 _ 3.50 64. 77 9.73 3.41 2.73 1.61 85. 75 20. 75 8. 37 1932 _ 3.54 62.07 9. 33 2.65 2.85 1.60 82.04 7.83 8. 37 1934 _ 3.03 51.65 8. 42 2. 12 2. 42 1.47 69.11 2. 42 7. 65 1936 _ 3. 27 56. 35 9. 10 2.79 2. 75 1.56 75. 82 6. 43 7 67 GROUPS I, II, III, COMBINED 1926 _ i $3. 36 $74. 74 $9.56 $4.59 $2.75 $1.54 $96. 54 $32. 72 $7.88 1928 . . . 3. 39 79.25 10.23 4. 62 3.29 2. 42 103. 20 25.56 7.08 1930 _ 3. 61 82. 21 10. 57 4. 75 3.42 2. 72 107. 28 23.98 9.50 1932.... _ _ 3.53 80.51 10. 10 3.66 3. 33 3.03 104. 16 12.83 10. 46 1934... . . 3.03 68. 63 9. 01 2. 65 2.60 2. 60 88. 52 2. 79 9.91 1936. _ _ 3. 27 74. 50 9.79 3.50 2. 81 2. 96 96. 83 8.24 9. 16 From 1933-34 to 1935-36 the increase in the cost per pupil for each item of expense expressed in percents was as follows: General control, 7.9; instruction, 8.5; operation, 8.6; maintenance, 24.4; auxiliary agencies, 0.8; fixed charges, 13.8; capital outlay, 195. Maintenance and capital outlay increased greatly, especially capital outlay which increased from $2.79 in 1933-34 to $8.24 in 1935-36. The increase in maintenance costs may be accounted for by the fact that the 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 W. P. A. contributed funds to supplement local funds for the repair of school buildings, and the increase in capital outlay was due to the fact that the P. W. A. made grants and loans to many cities for the erection of school buildings. If it had not been for such funds it is doubtful whether there would have been any great increase in the amount spent for maintenance and capital outlay, especially for cap¬ ital outlay. PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CITY SCHOOL DOLLAR In 1935-36, 76.1 percent of the current expense dollar was for in¬ struction purposes — salaries, textbooks, and supplies — leaving 23.9 percent which was distributed as follows: 3.8 percent for general control, 10.3 percent for operation, 3.6 percent for maintenance, 3.3 percent for auxiliary agencies, and 2.9 percent for fixed charges. In general, as the size of the city decreases the percentage of the current- expense dollar for general control, operation and auxiliary agencies increases, and the percentage for instruction decreases; while the percentage for maintenance and fixed charges is about the same for each group of cities (table XVII; for total amounts see table 1). Table XVII.— PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CURRENT EX¬ PENSE AND TOTAL EXPENSE DOLLAR BY POPULATION GROUPS, 1935-36 Purpose Percentage distribution by population group Total I II III IV > 2 3 4 5 6 Current expense dollar: General control . 3.1 3.2 4.3 6.6 3.8 Instruction . . _ . 78.0 77.2 74.5 70.2 76.2 Day schools, full-time . . . . . 76.1 75.6 74.1 69. 9 74.9 Part-time . . . . . . .7 .8 .2 .1 .5 Night . . . . 1.0 .7 .1 .1 .6 Summer . . . .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 Operation . . . 9.1 11.1 12.0 11.9 10.3 Maintenance.. . . . 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.6 Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities . 2.5 3.1 3.6 5.3 3.3 Fixed charges . . . . . . 3.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.9 Total current expense . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total expense dollar: Current expense . . 78.3 74.7 74.4 76.1 76.8 Capital outlay . 6.7 5.7 6.3 6.4 6.7 Interest . . . . 7.0 7.5 7.5 9.7 7.0 Other debt service . . 8.0 12.1 11.8 7.8 9.5 Total... . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 The proportion of the current expense dollar for each item varies greatly among the cities. For example, the percentage devoted to instruction in a sampling of 310 cities having a population of 2,500 or more ranges from 39.3 to 87.1 percent and that devoted to operation CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 from 5.2 to 25.3 percent. In each group of cities there is also a wide range in the percentage of the current expense dollar devoted to each item of expense (table XVIII). Table XVIII.— RANGE IN PERCENTAGE OF THE AMOUNT DEVOTED TO EACH CURRENT EXPENSE ITEM IN 310 CITIES, 1935-36 Range in percentage by population group Item I (70 cities) II (80 cities) III (80 cities) IV (80 cities) All groups combined (310 cities) 2 3 4 5 6 General control . . . Instruction . . . Operation . . . Maintenance . _ . . . . Auxiliary agencies.. . . . Fixed charges . 1. 2- 5. 5 66.8-86.6 5. 2-17. 7 1.0- 8.5 . 2- 9. 4 0-9.4 1.8- 7.7 6. 5-87. 1 5. 6-17. 1 . 8-13. 2 . 3-10. 8 0-6.1 1.8- 8.1 58. 5-83. 5 6. 3-19. 7 0 -12.7 0 -10.1 0-6.1 3. 0-15. 7 39. 3-81. 7 5. 7-25. 3 0 -16.5 0 -18.7 0-8.5 1. 2-15. 7 39. 3-87. 1 5. 2-25. 3 0 -16.5 0 -18.7 0-9.4 Table XIX.— PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CURRENT EXPENSE AND TOTAL EXPENSE DOLLAR IN CITIES OF 10,000 POPULATION AND MORE, 1926-36 Purpose Percentage by year 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 ■Current-expense dollar: General control . _ . 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3. 1 Instruction _ _ _ _ 77.9 77.4 77.2 77.8 78.0 78.0 Day schools, full-time _ 75.6 75.0 74.8 75.5 76.3 76. 1 Part-time _ .8 .9 .8 .8 1 ■ 7 Night . . . . . 1.2 1.1 1. 1 1. 1 | U.7 11 Summer . .3 .4 .4 .4 1 -1 Operation . . . . . 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.5 10.0 9.1 Maintenance _ _ 4.6 4.4 4.3 3.4 3.0 3.5 Auxiliary agencies and coordinate ac¬ tivities _ 2.8 3. 1 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.5 Fixed charges _ _ _ 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 2.9 3.8 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total expense dollar: Capital outlay . . . 21.9 18.5 16.7 9.8 2.7 7. 1 Interest.. _ _ 5.8 5. 1 6.6 8. 1 9.7 7.9 Current expense . . . 72.3 76.4 76.7 82.1 87.6 85.0 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 Combined for part-time, night, and summer schools. Of the total expense dollar which includes current expenses, capital outlay, interest, and other debt service, 76.8 percent was for current expenses, 6.7 percent for capital outlay, 7 percent for interest, and 9.5 percent for other debt service. For each group of cities the average percentage of the total expense dollar varied only slightly from the average of all groups combined (table XVII). 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 The proportion of the current-expense dollar for each item has been practically the same for each year since 1926. Of the total expense dollar the proportion for capital outlay dropped from 21.9 percent in 1925-26 to 2.7 percent in 1933-34, and increased to 7.1 percent in 1935-36, while the proportion spent for interest decreased from 9.7 percent in 1933-34 to 7.9 percent in 1935-36 and for current expenses decreased from 87.6 percent to 85 percent (table XIX and fig. 4). SCHOOLS, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, AND PROPERTY INVESTMENTS A “school” as defined and used in the report is an organization such as an elementary, junior, or senior high school which is counted as a separate unit, whether housed separately or not. In 1935-36 there were 33,215 day schools in cities having a population of 2,500 or more. Of this number 11,455 were in cities of group I; 5,378 in group II; 6,919 in group III; and 9,463 in group IV. The 33,215 schools were housed in 25,451 buildings. Of the total number of school buildings 7,927 were in cities of group I; 3,872 in group II; 5,640 in group III, and 8,012 in group IV (table I). In 1935-36, 23 fewer schools and 25 more school buildings were reported than in 1933-34. The average number of pupils in average daily attendance per building for all groups of cities combined was 439. In cities of group I there were 673 pupils per building; in group II, 459 ; in group III, 342 ; and in group IV, 265. Total average for all groups combined was 439 pupils per building. The total estimated value of school properties in all four groups of cities in 1935-36 was $4,656,914,000. The value of school properties per pupil in average daily attendance was $417. From 1925-26 to 1935-36 the value of school properties per pupil in average daily attendance increased from $349 to $417. There was an increase from biennium to biennium in each group of cities except groups III and IV (table XX). Table XX.— VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTIES PER PUPIL IN AVER¬ AGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1926-36 Value of school property by population group Year Total I II III IV • 2 3 4 5 6 1926 . . . . . . . $360 $374 $354 $286 $349 1928 . . . . . . . . . 393 399 377 320 375 1930 . . . . . 428 419 390 333 399 1932 . . . . . . . 445 437 338 319 409 1934 . . . . . 455 438 378 314 409 1936 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 460 440 385 313 417 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 SCHOOL EX? E5 DITURSS IN CITIES OF 10,000 POPULATION AND MORE, 1935-36 1936 Current Expense Dollar Capital Outlay 193* Total Expense Dollar 1935 Totel Expense Dollar Figure 4.— School expenditures in cities of 10,000 population and more, 1935-36. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 BONDED INDEBTEDNESS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS In 1935-36 the total school bonded indebtedness outstanding, less the amount in the sinking fund, of cities having a population of 2,500 or more was $2,091,817,000 (table 1). In 1933-34 the amount of such indebtedness was $1,979,380,730. There was thus during the biennium an increase of $112,436,270, or an increase of 5.2 percent in the amount of bonds outstanding. The amount of bonds outstanding for a period of years can be given only for cities having a population of 10,000 or more. The amounts given in table XXI are, however, not exactly comparable since there were more cities in 1935-36 than in 1925-26 and since the cities that are a part of the county unit system are not included in the 1933-34 and 1935-36 figures. The figures for these two dates are, however, comparable. For comparative purposes the amount of bonds outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance should be used rather than the gross amounts. For all three groups the school debt per pupil increased from $191.78 in 1933-34 to $202.58 in 1935-36, or 5.1 percent. Based upon the amount of bonded indebtedness per pupil the increase from 1933-34 to 1935-36 was $15.10, or 7.4 percent in cities of group I; $4.47, or 2.1 percent in cities of group II; and $4.97, or 3.2 percent in cities of group III. Table XXI.— SCHOOL BONDS OUTSTANDING LESS AMOUNT IN SINKING FUND IN CITIES OF 10,000 POPULATION AND MORE, 1926-36 Year Bonds outstanding by population group Groups I, II, III combined I II III Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 J 8 9 1926 . . 1928 . . 1930 . 1932 . . . 1934 . 1936 . . . $832, 630 867, 004 1, 017, 501 1,200,888 1, 099, 854 1, 169, 356 $195. 10 192. 63 216. 03 222. 04 203. 96 219. 07 $289, 732 313, 766 355, 202 389, 855 348, 514 353, 937 $172. 22 180. 59 191.21 203. 25 194. 49 198. 96 $244, 865 283, 217 298, 790 327, 674 301, 101 309, 164 $154. 01 164. 81 165. 71 164. 41 155. 33 160. 30 $1, 367, 227 1, 463, 987 1, 671, 493 1, 918, 417 1,749, 569 1, 832, 457 $182. 26 183.99 199. 68 205. 85 191. 78 202.58 NIGHT SCHOOLS In 1935-36 only 385 city school systems reported night schools. Of this number 74 were in cities of group I, 112 in group II, 141 in cities of group III, and 58 in cities of group IV. Of the 90 city school systems in group I, 82.2 percent had night schools; of the 220 in group II, 50.9 percent; of the 647 in group III, 21.8 percent; and of the 1,943 in group IV only 2.9 percent maintained such schools. Of the total CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 enrollment, 71.9 percent was in cities of group I; 18.6 percent in group II; 7.8 percent in group III; and only 1.7 percent in cities of group IV. The number of cities maintaining night schools decreased from 892 in 1925-26 to 382 in 1933-34 (table XXII). In 1935-36 only 3 more cities maintained night schools than in 1933-34. Within the biennium the enrollment decreased from 811,822 to 783,726; the num¬ ber of supervisors, principals, and teachers increased from 16,524 to 16,563; and the expenditures increased from $6,469,485 to $7,455,054. The amount expended per pupil enrolled increased from $7.96 in 1933-34 to $9.51 in 1935-36. Although comparatively few cities maintained night schools, thousands of adults attended classes supported by W. P. A. funds. Table XXII.— NIGHT AND AMERICANIZATION SCHOOLS IN CITIES OF 2,500 AND MORE POPULATION, 1926-36 Year Number of school systems reporting Enrollments Number of supervisors, principals, and teachers Expenditures for cities reporting this item > 2 3 4 5 1926 . . . 892 822, 893 22, 822 $8, 966, 385 1928 . . . . . . 711 993, 985 23,604 24, 071 23, 675 9, 496, 170 10, 682, 349 8, 342, 352 1930 . _ . . . 664 1, 038, 052 978, 471 1932. . . . . . 561 1934 . 382 811, 882 16, 524 6, 469, 485 1936 . 385 783, 726 16, 563 7, 455, 054 SUMMER SCHOOLS In 1935-36 only 155 cities reported summer schools. These were distributed among the population groups as follows: Group I, 35; group II, 41 ; group III, 48; and group IV, 31. On a percentage basis 38.9 percent of the cities of group I, 18.7 percent of the cities of group II, 7.4 percent of the cities of group III, and 1.6 percent of the cities of group IV maintained summer schools. Although the number of cities reporting summer schools in 1935-36 was less than in 1933-34, the enrollments, the number of supervisors, principles, and teachers, and the expenditures were greater in 1935-36 than in 1933-34 (table XXIII). The drop in the number of city school systems maintaining summer schools, in enrollments, in number of supervisors, principals, and teachers, and in expenditures from 1929-30 to 1935-36 is marked (table XXIII). Between these dates the number of cities reporting summer schools decreased 58.5 percent; the number enrolled, 76.2 percent; the number of supervisors, principals, and teachers, 73.9 percent; and the amount expended for summer schools decreased 83.5 percent. The cost per pupil enrolled in 1933-34 was $5.46, and in 1935-36 it was $5.69. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table XXIII.— SUMMER SCHOOLS IN CITIES OF 2,500 POPULATION AND MORE, 1922-36 Year Number of school systems reporting Enrollments Number of supervisors, principals, and teachers Expenditures for cities reporting this item 1 2 3 4 5 1922 . . 231 280, 507 456, 099 9, 748 14, 377 14, 481 13, 253 $1, 652, 981 3, 242, 665 4, 043, 433 3, 755, 821 602, 363 1928 _ _ _ 447 1930 _ _ 374 492, 638 439, 030 109, 844 1932 . . . . 278 1934 _ _ _ 160 3,317 1936 _ 155 117, 176 3, 779 666, 158 1. Summary for the United States Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL AND FISCAL STATISTICS FOR THE FOUR GROUPS OF CITIES OF 2,500 POPU¬ LATION AND MORE FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1935-36 PERSONNEL AND FISCAL STATISTICS BY POPULATION GROUP Item I — Cities of 100,000 population and more II— Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population III— Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population IV — Cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population I to IV, combined ‘ 2 3 4 5 8 I. — Total population, attendance, and personnel in city public schools Total population (census of 1930) _ 36, 107, 120 10, 600, 189 10, 286, 776 9, 821, 453 66, 815, 538 City school systems reporting _ 90 220 647 1,943 2, 900 Superintendents and assistant superin¬ tendents - - - ... 322 284 664 1, 947 3, 217 Day schools: Supervisors and principals. . 8,902 3,519 3, 950 2, 819 19, 190 Teachers: Men _ 29, 936 10, 424 11, 651 14,813 66, 824 Women _ ... . . . 146, 926 53, 092 55, 588 60, 359 315, 965 Enrollment: Boys..... - - - .. . 3, 156, 386 1,055,918 1, 129, 989 1, 240, 005 6, 582, 298 Girls _ 3, 047, 793 1, 021, 402 1, 097, 750 1, 221, 865 6, 388, 810 Aggregate days’ attendance . . 982, 544, 730 322,502, 118 347, 455, 876 379, 212, 796 2,031,715, 520 Average daily attendance . . 5, 337, 835 1, 778, 906 1, 928, 645 2, 130, 244 11, 175, 630 Average length of school year (days).. 182 181 180 178 182 Average days attended per pupil en¬ rolled _ _ _ _ _ 158 155 156 154 157 Number of schools . . . 11,455 5, 378 6, 919 9, 463 33, 215 Number of school buildings _ 7,927 3, 872 5,640 8, 012 25, 451 Part-time and continuation schools: Supervisors, principals, and teachers.. 1, 693 501 267 10 2. 471 Student enrollment _ 94,251 19, 296 6,973 187. 120, 707 Nightschools and Americanization classes: Supervisors, principals, and teachers.. 11, 148 3,267 1,762 386 16,563 Student enrollment _ _ _ 563, 761 145, 637 61, 201 13, 127 783, 726 Summer schools: Supervisors, principals, and teachers.. 2, 538 646 401 194 3, 779 Student enrollment . . . . . 88, 037 14, 709 11, 135 3,295 117, 176 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL AND FISCAL STATISTICS FOR THE FOUR GROUPS OF CITIES OF 2,500 POPU¬ LATION AND MORE FOR THE SCHOOL YEAR 1935-36— Continued PERSONNEL AND FISCAL STATISTICS BY POPULATION GROUP Item I — Cities i of 100,000 | population and more | II— Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population III — Cities of 10,000 ! to 29,999 j population IV — Cities of 2,500 to 9,999 population I to IV, combined 1 2 3 4 5 II. — Expenditures Day schools: $18, 037, 330 $5, 232, 298 10, 476, 328 $6, 302, 795 $9, 567, 936 5,399,848 $39, 140, 359 64, 061, 405 Salaries and expenses of supervisors and principals, _ . .. _ .. 39, 129, 715 9, 055, 514 Salaries of teachers _ ... 386, 174, 561 105, 688, 183 93, 173, 543 89, 723, 884 674, 760, 171 Educational supplies and other ex¬ penses of instruction- . ... _ 17, 277, 168 6, 427, 780 6, 445, 690 6, 649, 992 36,800, 630 Operation of school plant- _ _ 52, 951, 146 18, 099, 620 17, 553, 076 17, 371, 453 105, 975, 295 Maintenance (repairs and replace¬ ments) of school plant _ 20, 705, 074 5, 574, 095 5, 385, 558 5, 478, 699 37, 143, 426 Coordinate activities and auxiliary agencies - - 14, 989, 192 5, 107, 738 5, 294, 739 | 7,680,411 33, 072, 080 Fixed charges (pensions, rent, insur¬ ance, etc.) _ _ _ 20, 905, 935 2, 905, 055 3, 012, 410 j 3, 199, 477 30, 022, 877 Total current expenditures _ 570, 170, 121 159,511, 097 146, 223, 325 145,071, 700 1,020,976,243 Part-time and continuation schools (total cost) _ 4,410,040 1, 282, 570 476, 705 18, 458 6, 187, 773 Night schools and Americanization classes (total cost).-. _ --. . . 6, 134, 282 952, 535 313,493 54, 744 7, 455, 054 Summer schools (total cost) _ _ _ 513,838 82, 599 56, 067 13,654 666, 158 Capital outlay _ _ _ .. . . 49, 736, 082 12, 401, 150 12, 406, 747 14, 859, 192 89, 403, 171 Interest on indebtedness (current funds only). . _ ... _ _ 51,737,577 16, 376, 367 14, 791, 952 12, 308, 786 95, 214, 682 All other expenses of debt service (current funds only) _ _ _ _ _ 59, 662, 532 26, 150, 096 23, 300, 160 18, 509, 668 127, 622, 456 Grand total expenditures _ 742, 364, 472 216, 756, 414 197, 568, 449 190, 836,202 1, 347, 525, M7 III. — Bonds and sinking funds ( thousands of dollars) School bonds outstanding at close of year. _ 1, 169, 356 353,888 309,317 259, 256 2,091,817 Balance in school sinking funds at close of year _ _ _ 76, 187 18, 219 13,687 9,277 117,370 IV. — Value of school property Total value of school property (thousands of dollars) _ . _ . . _ 2, 457, 931 786, 113 742, 463 670, 407 4, 656,914 Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance _ _ . ...... 460 442 385 315 417 Table 2.— COMBINED SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL AND ATTENDANCE DATA, DAY, PART-TIME AND CONTINU¬ ATION, NIGHT, AND SUMMER SCHOOLS IN CITIES OF 2,500 POPULATION AND MORE, 1935-36 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SUMMER SCHOOLS Enroll¬ ment 00 117, 176 1,405 1, 628 1, 652 1, 797 6,985 911 9,161 100 8,861 7, 981 1,896 712 8,079 1,331 11,708 Super¬ visors, princi¬ pals, and teach¬ ers © « 30 © i~4 * © i-4 00 CO NIGHT SCHOOLS Enroll¬ ment US © W r* eo ao 2,520 55 207, 083 3, 162 18, 482 2, 961 15, 352 7,137 27, 712 8, 215 5,433 4,958 234 12, 259 2, 162 12, 866 41, 533 43, 246 Super¬ visors, princi¬ pals, and teach¬ ers 3 16,563 on 2 2,506 91 465 115 240 131 585 171 163 164 15 204 65 335 1,404 1,027 City school systems report¬ ing eo us ao eo TJ4 HOM *chhh *o N NN»0 05H i-H ^4 i-H OQ t*— PART-TIME AND CONTINU¬ ATION SCHOOLS Enroll¬ ment w r» O © 1 1 HN lO *0 I i © H H CO ©llr-t oo oo i i oo *0*00 1 1 CN 1 1 1 1 ^ « C* i s ; ©* i i i i 310 4, 148 4, 279 Super¬ visors, princi¬ pals, and teach¬ ers s 2,471 *0 0 1^. f-H . I 00 CO 00 • 1 (N 1 1 1 1 iz 89 (MNN i—4 CO City school systems report¬ ing © M5 2 20 1 1 3 l i -T 3°®“S *°Sg2fe 3£&gg §°°:3a9 S°> SSSSS “’SgSg 8S£§§8 |282g SPSS'S 8 00 Lake Charles, Monroe, and New Orleans in Louisiana and Baltimore, Md., only cities in these States reporting independently of parish and county unit system. Table 3.— COMBINED SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES, VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTIES, NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN CITIES OF 2,500 POPULATION AND MORE, 1935-36 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Grand total US B t § s 6,886, 462 3,114, 894 4, 315, 659 122, 569, 405 10, 550, 781 23, 884, 421 2, 652, 744 11, 502, 935 6, 677, 280 3, 123,486 85, 492, 756 29, 488,967 17, 379, 802 13, 370, 471 9, 453, 036 6,449, 586 3,911,954 12, 438, 788 75, 257, 969 63, 753, 466 29, 307, 477 3, 515, 396 29, 054, 713 3, 780, 303 8, 163, 15Q 1 >a 3 £ i § 789,826 100, 608 335, 118 21, 613, 844 319, 075 627, 337 716, 766 1,0§6,049 582, 749 189, 729 4, 766, 039 2,107,087 1, 045, 863 1,534,853 415, 969 31, 524 46, 191 407, 697 3,385, 747 1,988, 440 1, 169, 705 618, 997 2, 224,696 373, 384 402, 153 S'? 81 All other debt service W 2 8 1 357, 820 249,511 422, 952 7, 499, 961 875, 328 2, 859, 933 9, 057 428, 452 338, 289 8, 063, 250 2, 797, 742 1, 447, 919 1, 368, 876 650, 021 2, 587, 773 213, 796 1,211,500 6, 260, 323 6, 409, 010 3, 276, 014 241, 170 1, 966, 959 415, 066 622, 042 |£ sg a K Interest w 1 1 i 559, 482 258, 184 581, 632 7, 619, 132 676, 953 2, 069, 204 18, 158 374, 106 196, 984 6, 827, 897 1, 563, 957 1, 178, 918 715, 123 653, 826 410, 989 166, 906 1, 101, 257 1. 778, 416 3, 690, 456 1, 896, 897 178, 871 1, 889, 767 174, 196 840, 317 Total cur- s 8 i 8 - «*■ 4, 179, 334 2,506, 591 2, 975, 957| 85, 836, 468 8, 679. 425 18, 327, 947 1, 908, 763 10, 416, 886 5, 291, 973 2,398,484 65, 835, 570 23, 020, 181 13, 707, 102 9, 751, 619 7, 733, 220 3, 419, 300 3, 485, 061 9, 718, 334 63, 833, 483 51, 665, 560 22, 964, 861 2, 476, 358 22, 973, 291 2, 817, 657 6, 298, 638 Total cost of sum- mer schools o 2 1 9, 549 4,611 11,368 8,911 7,239 29, 949 405 5,253 49, 371 10, 122 3, 558 23, 837 10, 289 149, 357 4, 927 1,949 18, 552 Total cost of Ulglll schools at 1 i 7, 856 1, 465, 866 54, 687 152, 347 5, 699 93, 550 68, 028 393, 013 37, 874 17, 818 22, 767 5, 894 40, 686 12, 705 72, 580 426, 355 329, 649 63, 861 1,510 116, 201 18, 545 Total cost of part- time and continua¬ tion schools 00 £ s * : ills 1 i iS i § is i i : illS i is il ; i | jg : : ; i*gsj[ j i- ►< f| Teachers r» s 5 i 3, 107, 784 1,652,261 1,891,958 54, 795, 439 5, 675, 144 12, 162, 945 1, 236, 774 6, 827, 119 3, 830, 071 1, 474, 504 40, 850, 422 15, 025, 377 8, 620, 953 6, 364, 983 5, 246, 903 2, 376, 416 2, 302, 476 6, 270, 794 42, 726, 290 32,474, 293 14, 207, 795 1, 651, 140 14, 605, 374 1, 717, 002 3, 895, 685 jji CO HI III i i i sslll §§§Si KlSgg Ms II SISsI gins! mm iiiii ssisf iim tjT -T cf-H t-T r-T Value of school proper¬ ties (thou¬ sands of dollars) US 2 i gglsl IsSSl slsgg lissi SSS2I tfrfs'sfsf SSSSS® SSffSfcS Num¬ ber of school build¬ ings - 25, 451 SIISI ISsSI Slsli §§!§! Ct H Num¬ ber of schools es 33,215 SSIII gsgiS SIIS3 §;IS8 !§s=3 rH «H 1 Ph I N 1 66,815,538 590, 666 149, 856 382, 878 4, 153, 794 519, 882 1, 205, 779 123, 146 486, 869 626, 673 129, 507 5, 638, 189 1,803, 484 979, 292 729, 834 793, 307 500, 581 332, 183 804, 874 3, 831, 426 3, 318, 904 1, 254, 272 338, 850 1, 859,119 181, 036 482, 448 State - Continental United States. Alabama _ Arizona. _ .. Arkansas _ California _ Colorado... _ Connecticut _ Delaware _ District of Columbia.. Georgia _ _ Idaho.... . . Illinois Indiana Iowa _ _ _ _ Kansas.. Kentucky. . . Louisiana Maine ' _ Maryland _ Massachusetts .... . . Michigan _ Minnesota.. . . Mississippi _ Missouri _ Montana - Nebraska _ CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 §§SS§ Sllsi ssggg SSiss IS isfg’s’ sills' M$M Sills’ ii «onV oo e« oeooT ^-‘■oroo ageoVJoo^ o- ISIS! ilill ilsls sllSI II S’ssii’ nisi ii'g’ii 5S-'g’i g" pf 3 '* ® N M - IssIS ISlig HS18 sills is s’gfSS llfgg 1 1’1’SS’ S'SS-I IS CO — |C CO Tco ;q — ■ 24, 501 894 69, 445 887 ii ii is i § 3 Sf 111 11 £ 11 II §s*2 * sssgg g :'i:i * pf ;S?I SllSI ilssl is ig-s §3- *-■ e‘*-«s s'” 8 1 ; § |g : :S 1 :S? i i 35 ■ CS i ii ii i : n-' : co II 1 | i IsISs Isisi SiiSS Ills? IS si’s'll Hill sii’i’i giis'i is - -T © rf." -T«V gujef^-^r ®pf u> od jo HslS SilSg iSilS sills IS “Slat t*m lis'si Sill's |’s CO « CO «Q P* ilill IISI1 ISsrk USUI is ci‘288“iS 5”SSc? S‘S'S:2& H'2“S§ S‘“ ”13-1 !S§8§5 sggss gssgg §s r-r of ~ pf “Slsl 8si!s llsSI lisas p h eo ~ »_ 3 o o z & CO 8 > = 8 §3 ,2 s §> S So a .5 .—i i-t m 'S G fl ■33 o 1 Pi C Ph S-4 o > < OT3 G pfls ra o G 3 GO o a £ a o S s o £ >, o n CO 5 o > <1 a 3 £ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Illinois— Continued. 57, 510 181 1 3 21 45 270 6,059 5, 752 10,054 21 78,184 187 2 7 18 62 369 7, 510 7, 522 12, 791 36 Elgin _ _ _ _ 35. 929 183 1 2 12 28 149 3,080 2,931 5,299 24 Evanston: 9 10 District No. 75 . } 63,338 ( 185 1 10 9 166 2, 674 2,483 4,283 District No. 76 . 1 180 1 3 1 8 102 1, 633 1, 523 3, 558 2,824 9 42, 993 181 1 6 11 13 213 3,804 2,379 6,330 27 25, 829 2 8 8 127 2,193 3, 954 8 Melrose Park . 10, 741 .... 32, 236 177 1 5 11 32 170 3, 146 2,993 5,052 24 Oak Park . __ 63, 982 182 1 4 11 13 232 3,149 3,158 3, 061 5, 471 22 39 241 190 1 3 13 48 159 3, 229 5, 587 22 Rockford . . 85, 864 174 1 4 17 63 377 7,645 7,314 12, 864 23 Rock Island _ 37, 953 180 1 1 8 25 153 3, 297 3,084 5, 228 16 Springfield _ _ 71, 864 173 1 6 18 70 314 6, 634 6, 516 2,271 10, 941 36 33, 499 185 1 5 122 2,427 3,768 21 Indiana: Anderson. . 39, 804 178 1 4 2 58 165 4, 331 4,146 • 7, 478 23 East Chicago... . 54, 784 183 2 8 8 69 206 5, 263 5, 147 3,286 8,863 25 Elkhart. . . . 32, 949 175 1 3 6 34 151 3, 450 6,230 17 Hammond _ 64, 560 176 1 2 16 87 342 7,294 6, 854 12,223 37 Kokomo _ 32, 843 177 1 3 12 42 145 3, 791 3,661 6, 215 13 Muncie . . 46,548 175 1 7 13 60 196 5,164 5, 044 8, 675 24 Richmond _ 32, 493 179 2 4 11 40 152 3,430 3, 343 5,738 25 Terre Haute _ 62, 810 175 2 2 18 48 269 5, 549 5, 150 10,040 23 Iowa: Cedar Rapids _ 56, 097 190 1 10 22 54 320 5, 194 5, 039 9, 336 36 Council Bluffs . . 42, 048 184 1 4 19 37 232 4,786 4,818 8,772 38 Davenport _ 60, 751 186 1 4 14 43 272 5, 396 5, 101 8,737 42 Dubuque _ 41, 679 195 1 7 11 24 145 2, 529 2, 197 4, 041 23 Sioux City _ 79, 183 178 1 7 26 60 464 8,621 8, 494 14, 818 54 Waterloo: 3,997 22 East side 4__ . } 46,191 / 179 1 180 1 7 11 8 114 2,434 2, 544 West side _ 1 1 9 17 105 2, 498 2,519 4,046 11 Kansas: 56 Topeka _ _ _ 64, 120 174 1 10 29 49 349 6,891 6,750 11, 496 Kentucky: 7, 191 28 Covington _ 65, 252 178 1 6 15 42 218 3,503 3, 541 Lexington _ 45, 736 181 2 1 15 23 254 4,496 4, 499 7,118 24 Paducah _ 33, 541 180 1 2 5 26 146 2, 572 2, 596 4,652 21 Maine: 2,240 3, 526 25 Lewiston _ 34, 948 70, 810 178 1 7 17 115 2, 343 6, 518 3, 599 Portland _ _ _ 184 2 "”6 9 52 346 6, 392 11, 302 83 Massachusetts: 6, 485 13 Arlineton _ 36, 094 63. 797 178 1 5 12 35 216 ! 3,445 Brockton _ 175 1 8 40 316 5, 655 5, 423 10, 101 28 Brookline _ ... 47. 490' 178 1 7 8 40 228 3, 371 3, 313 5, 757 22 Chelsea _ _ 45, 816 43, 930 48, 424 182 1 8 5 34 213 3,765 3, 652 6, 678 10 Chicopee _ _ 181 1 5 12 22 202 3, 590 3, 235 5, 839 24 Everett _ _ 178 2 1 3 10 49 266 4, 754 4, 741 8,669 18 Fitchbure . 40, 692 48, 710 175 2 4 16 41 149 2, 590 2, 517 4, 673 22 Haverhill _ _ i 179 1 3 10 33 199 3, 902 3, 823 3, 891 6, 772 6, 521 10, 710 8, 460 25 Holyoke _ .. .. 56, 537 85. 068 189 2 2 : 13 45 210 3, 527 28 Lawrence . . 178 1 ! 9 | 25 69 339 6, 278 1 4, 856 ; 5, 494 , 4 29 Malden . . . 58,036' 175 1 7 16 49 244 4, 570 1 i! Medford _ _ 59.7141 175 2 13 17 71 1 312 6, 266 ! 5, 974 1 6, 091 11,126 11, 122 26 Newton _ . 65.276 181 1 l 9 19 104j 382 6, 665 1 48 Pittsfield . . . 49, 677 71. 983 184 1 9 i 23 36 270 4,678 4. 450 8, 218 i 28 Quincy.. . _ _ i 182 : 2 18 78 | 402 7, 952 7, 381 I 13,813 I 24 Revere 35. 680 1 169 i l 1 11 8 35! 220 3,986 3, 667 6, 832 17 Salem _ _ _ _ 1 43,353i 176 l 1 3 ;l 8 38 i 177 3, 188 2, 976 ! 5, 433 1 25 4 Statistics of 1933-34. f Including estimate for kindergarten department. 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP II — CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION-Continued d s o term PERSONNEL City n a> O S' 1 £ -S3 III Teachers Enrollment o o -9 Ti 03 d a o pH Average sc (da] Superintenc and assi superintenc | Supervisors Principals Men Women Boys Girls Average dail tendance CG o 1 a 3 £ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 IS Massachusetts— Contd. 23 Taunton . . 37, 355 180 1 4 5 18 220 3,206 3, 210 5, 856 Waltham . . 39, 247 174 1 2 5 25 204 3, 454 3,200 5,936 26 Watertown . 34, 913 178 1 .... 9 38 202 3, 523 3, 442 6, 416 19 Michigan: Battle Creek _ . 43, 573 187 1 9 12 57 229 5, 137 4, 972 8, 270 36 Bay City - - 47, 355 184 1 3 20 54 255 4,411 4,255 7,044 37 Dearborn: 15 City district . } 50, 358 / 175 1 _ 7 24 69 1, 449 4,469 1,410 2,454 8, 670 8,393 Fordson district _ \ 198 2 1 11 76 220 4, 670 25 Hamtramck _ 56, 268 194 2 7 9 49 173 5,315 4, 724 14 Highland Park. . . 52, 959 192 2 _ 9 42 279 5,566 5,560 8,816 17 Jackson . . . 55, 187 174 2 6 16 62 234 J 5, 746 2 5, 746 9, 723 32 Kalamazoo . . 54, 786 184 2 7 15 71 290 3 5, 779 2 5, 779 9, 847 38 Lansing . . . 78, 397 186 2 8 26 107 394 8, 747 9, 327 15, 575 9, 438 48 Muskegon. . . . 41, 390 193 2 5 17 60 258 1 5, 533 2 7, 039 2 5, 532 32 Pontiac . . . . 64, 928 182 2 4 17 68 320 2 7, 039 12, 375 38 Port Huron . . 31, 361 188 1 4 18 34 206 3, 620 3, 559 6,243 27 Satrinaw . . 80, 715 184 3 4 25 90 359 8,380 7, 925 14, 166 52 Mississippi: 7, 855 16 Jackson. . . . 48, 282 180 2 3 11 29 201 4, 874 5,289 Meridian. . ... 31, 954 175 1 _ 13 18 162 4, 324 4, 821 6, 825 23 Missouri: Joplin.. . . . . . 33, 454 180 1 1 18 37 188 4, 041 3, 851 6, 606 20 St. Joseph . . 80, 935 178 1 5 23 49 349 7, 772 7, 329 11, 287 32 Springfield . Montana: Butte _ _ _ 57, 527 175 1 3 4 46 304 6, 609 6, 451 10, 580 26 39, 532 176 1 19 14 213 3, 344 3,093 5, 607 20 Nebraska: 14, 968 55 Lincoln . . . 75,933 175 2 7 25 51 426 8,742 8,411 New Hampshire: 8,604 42 Manchester . . 76, 834 176 2 15 69 228 4, 854 4, 725 Nashua.. . 31, 463 176 2 1 2 27 140 2,501 2,423 4, 367 22 New Jersey: 9, 387 29 Atlantic City. . . 66, 198 180 2 8 12 71 291 5,863 5, 625 Bayonne _ _ 88, 979 192 1 3 16 96 554 8, 620 4, 428 8, 111 14, 375 30 Bloomfield . 38, 077 189 1 1 13 41 218 4,082 6, 575 21 Clifton... . . 46, 875 193 1 6 14 27 267 5,041 4, 878 8, 397 28 East Orange . 68, 020 187 1 8 10 66 294 5,079 4, 821 8,465 21 Hoboken. . . 59, 261 192 1 1 7 41 246 5,027 4, 563 8, 229 17 Irvington . . 56, 733 191 1 _ 10 74 255 5,183 4, 864 8,359 20 Kearny (P. 0., Arling¬ ton).. . . . . 40, 716 192 1 4 8 36 193 3,852 3, 663 6,514 16 Montclair . 42, 017 181 2 13 10 61 231 3, 958 3, 755 6, 690 25 New Brunswick . 34, 555 183 1 4 8 39 195 3,568 3, 476 5, 993 14 North Bergen . . 40, 714 191 1 8 11 192 3, 428 3, 355 5, 677 15 Orange . . 35, 399 186 1 5 8 33 184 3, 391 3,388 5,994 17 Passaic _ _ 62, 959 187 1 10 17 35 345 6,316 5, 814 10, 329 23 Perth Amboy . . 43, 516 186 1 7 13 43 222 4, 137 3, 854 7,061 6, 332 24 Plainfield _ 34, 422 187 1 2 7 41 226 3,769 3, 547 23 South Orange (includes Maplewood Town¬ 12 ship) _ _ _ 34, 951 187 1 7 12 43 235 3, 646 3, 479 6, 233 Union City. . . 58, 659 192 2 6 7 66 290 5, 558 5, 328 9,313 20 West New York . 37, 107 192 1 3 7 36 229 4, 184 3, 684 6, 369 11 New York: Amsterdam.. . 34, 817 182 2 23 14 28 270 3,264 3,054 5, 559 4, 847 31 Auburn . . . 36, 652 186 1 3 8 20 170 2, 906 2,705 18 Binghamton . 76, 662 183 1 15 21 81 503 8, 101 8, 028 14, 123 43 Elmira _ _ 47, 397 185 1 8 12 33 241 4, 276 4, 303 7, 601 22 Jamestown . . 45, 155 182 2 9 14 41 292 4, 602 4, 567 8,120 24 Mount Vernon . 61, 499 187 2 12 16 58 389 6, 568 6, 365 11, 011 30 Newburgh . . . 31, 275 186 1 4 8 31 185 3, 088 2, 820 5,221 8, 800 15 New Rochelle . * Distribution by sex is est 54, 000 imated. 184 2 7 18 65 323 5, 441 5,076 26 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued a § term PERSONNEL City oi ll o is £ Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance CO 1 .a a js © s •_£ 02 03 3 c. © Pm Average sc (da: Superintem and assi superintend | Supervisors Principals Men Women Boys Girls o is a a £ > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 New York— Continued. Niagara Falls . 75, 460 183 3 9 22 91 488 8,835 8,435 15, 265 44 Poughkeepsie . 40,288 186 1 13 12 26 185 3, 797 3, 552 6,380 5, 570 20 Rome . 32, 338 184 1 3 9 16 165 3, 271 3,126 20 Schenectady . 95, 692 182 3 10 22 86 498 9,482 8, 699 15,088 47 Troy: Lansingburg dis¬ trict.. . Union district _ J 72,763 / 181 1 4 5 5 65 1,137 1, 121 1,966 7 \ 182 1 8 15 24 214 3,555 3, 367 5,692 27 Watertown . . 32, 205 184 1 3 11 21 209 3, 383 3, 202 5,733 25 White Plains. . 35, 830 182 2 8 10 64 219 4, 234 3,960 6, 858 21 North Carolina: Asheville . 50, 193 180 1 11 17 227 4, 689 4,869 7,807 15 Charlotte . 82, 675 180 1 17 28 437 9,199 9, 497 15, 718 30 Durham . 52,037 180 1 20 45 292 6, 449 6, 859 11, 360 21 Greensboro . . 53, 569 155 1 6 33 259 5,493 5, 356 10,062 25 High Point . 36, 745 151 1 .... 4 19 206 4, 347 4,332 7,934 13 Raleigh . 37, 379 160 1 16 20 204 4,470 4,888 8, 090 16 Winston-Salem . 75, 274 180 1 20 47 377 8, 002 7,968 14, 038 23 Ohio: Cleveland Heights . 50, 945 183 2 4 13 66 237 4,658 4,519 8,085 25 East Cleveland . 39, 667 52, 176 180 2 8 35 207 3, 480 3, 357 6,227 15 Hamilton . 186 1 2 3 41 195 4, 477 4, 349 7,995 17 Lakewood . 70, 509 186 2 3 18 74 255 5, 331 5,083 9,379 24 Lima . 42, 287 180 1 3 2 43 177 3, 893 3, 735 7,094 16 Lorain . . . 44, 512 187 2 1 8 50 176 4,123 3, 855 7,521 16 Mansfield . 33, 525 180 1 3 11 59 154 3, 166 3,055 5, 842 12 Marion _ _ _ 31, 084 180 1 3 8 33 150 3,258 3, 104 5,781 15 Newark . 30, 596 185 1 2 9 30 146 2,879 2,825 5, 090 17 Norwood . 33,411 195 1 6 35 97 2, 248 2,106 3, 919 11 Portsmouth . . 42, 560 179 1 "2 5 43 240 4, 936 4,709 8,425 19 Springfield . . . 68, 743 178 1 1 9 78 290 6, 550 6,540 11, 328 26 Steubenville . 35, 422 184 1 10 28 184 3, 106 2, 925 5, 634 8, 329 12 Warren . 41,062 180 1 .... 13 47 198 4,587 4,362 13 Zanesville . 36, 440 177 1 4 39 178 3, 515 3, 280 6, 252 18 Oklahoma: Muskogee i® . Pennsylvania: Allentown . 32,026 172 1 2 14 39 191 4, 371 4,364 7. 019 17 92, 563 194 1 14 7 139 390 8,883 8, 447 15,609 28 Altoona . 82, 054 180 1 7 5 92 427 8, 769 8, 400 15, 600 34 Bethlehem . 57, 892 193 1 1 12 97 239 * 5, 51 0 > 5, 320 10, 685 26 Chester . 59, 164 190 1 1 8 53 257 6, 526 6, 357 9,835 19 Easton . 34, 468 190 1 4 16 46 136 3, 711 3, 486 6, 293 17 Harrisburg . 80, 339 185 1 7 9 115 314 7, 229 4, 205 7, 052 12, 491 25 Hazleton . 36, 765 188 1 3 5 63 202 4, 081 7, 475 20 Johnstown . . . 66, 993 180 1 6 18 69 382 7, 322 6, 997 13, 111 44 Lancaster . 59, 949 200 1 7 5 95 252 4, 719 4,848 9, 395 27 Lower Merion (P. 0., 5, 140 20 Ardmore) . 35, 166 183 2 11 63 187 3,052 2,925 McKeesport . 54, 632 180 1 '**5 16 69 277 6, 043 5, 642 10, 770 18 New Castle . 48, 674 180 1 1 10 48 281 5, 814 5, 665 10, 219 16 Norristown . . 35, 853 192 1 7 3 44 155 3,385 3,316 6,115 11 Upper Darby . 46,626 189 1 5 11 87 229 4,163 4, 048 7, 033 19 Wilkes-Barre . 86, 626 181 1 9 11 106 462 8, 958 8, 622 15, 487 41 Williamsport . . 45, 729 183 1 4 74 211 4,589 4, 472 5,508 8, 039 17 York . . . 55, 254 180 1 ' 12 7 88 255 5, 604 9,862 27 Rhode Island: Cranston (P. 0., Provi¬ 8, 138 50 dence) . . 42, 911 173 2 1 5 51 261 4,845 4, 774 Pawtucket . 77, 149 163 1 5 21 43 347 5, 929 5, 710 10, 307 5,060 23 Woonsocket . 49, 376 183 1 3 2 13 168 3, 045 2, 874 19 * Distribution by sex is estimated. Data includes 1933-34 figures for Negro schools. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued g term PERSONNEL City 2 a> _ 'CJo 0> ai2 <3 a Teachers Enrollment c3 "Ji '3 5 ,4 a 2 •2 § .5 s a o Ph Average sc (da; Superintent and assi superintenc | Supervisors Principals Men Women Boys Girls Average dail tendance CO o a d 55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 South Carolina: Charleston . 62, 265 180 2 5 14 37 262 5, 989 6, 238 10, 054 12 Columbia . 51, 581 178 4 2 11 44 297 2 6, 500 2 7, 313 11, 531 23 South Dakota: Sioux Falls . 33, 362 168 1 3 12 28 226 4,047 3, 679 6, 689 24 Texas: Amarillo . . 43, 132 175 1 2 11 42 223 4, 632 4, 451 7, 351 21 Austin.. . 53, 120 175 1 12 61 329 6,346 6, 326 10, 385 23 Beaumont: City district.. . ) [ 175 1 4 10 22 157 2,540 2, 350 4, 384 10 French district _ J- 57,732 { 173 1 4 4 34 854 835 1,354 6 South Park district. 1 175 1 4 28 70 1,448 1,502 2, 679 5 Galveston _ _ 52,938 175 1 ""8 12 32 235 4, 440 4, 461 7, 107 18 Laredo . . . 32, 618 174 1 4 1 18 170 3, 766 3, 640 6,091 13 Port Arthur . 50, 902 174 1 1 9 56 231 5, 462 5, 260 8,798 15 Waco . . . . 52, 848 175 1 4 17 42 310 6, 250 6, 386 9, 680 20 Wichita Falls . . 43, 690 175 1 2 14 46 228 5,045 4, 719 8,311 20 Utah: Ogden . 40, 272 176 2 14 78 229 5, 437 5, 456 9, 125 14 Virginia: Lynchburg. . . 40, 661 180 1 4 10 30 227 4, 465 4, 557 7, 880 31 Newport News . 34, 417 182 1 5 12 28 184 3, 800 3, 881 6, 557 12 Portsmouth . . 45, 704 183 1 4 10 16 218 4, 540 4, 559 7,717 18 Roanoke _ _ 69, 206 180 2 20 37 383 7, 177 7, 389 12, 604 20 Washington: Bellingham . . 30, 823 180 1 14 39 142 3,232 3, 074 5, 213 14 Everett . 30, 567 175 1 3 11 37 151 3,413 3, 396 5,587 19 Wisconsin: Green Bay . 37, 415 182 3 9 6 44 193 3,585 3, 559 6,234 26 Kenosha . 50, 262 180 1 3 18 44 257 5, 170 5, 002 8,899 27 La Crosse . 39, 614 189 1 1 5 36 147 3, 226 3, 124 5, 446 20 Madison . 57, 899 171 1 10 22 53 358 6, 333 6, 153 10, 114 35 Oshkosh . 40, 108 182 1 1 10 31 189 3, 780 3, 692 6, 013 25 Racine . 67, 542 192 1 5 12 60 302 6, 625 6, 424 11,477 34 Sheboygan . 39, 251 186 2 6 56 171 3, 832 3, 839 6, 924 24 Superior . 36, 113 175 1 ""’i 10 44 172 3, 439 3,317 5, 941 31 West Allis . 34, 671 191 1 6 12 54 192 3, 864 3,663 6, 450 20 County Unit School Systems Which Include Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 Population Alabama: Mobile County 11 _ 118, 363 176 2 3 20 73 582 11, 560 11,615 19, 338 95 Montgomery County 12. 96, 671 154 2 1 19 44 452 10, 963 10, 7ftl 17, 945 113 Florida: Escambia County 13 _ 53, 594 171 1 1 17 220 2 383 2 6, 789 2 6, 790 11,541 85 Pinellas County 14 . . 62, 149 180 1 .... 22 2 61 2 447 2 8, 264 2 8, 165 12, 902 73 Georgia: Bibb County 15 . . 77, 042 190 1 4 21 31 338 8,204 8, 480 12, 976 47 Chatham County 16 _ 105, 431 170 2 7 18 43 405 9,788 10, 699 15, 695 49 Richmond County 47... 72, 990 170 1 — 23 43 362 7, 976 8, 1051 12, 238 43 * Distribution by sex is estimated. 4 Statistics of 1933-34. 11 Includes the following cities: Mobile, 68,202 population; Prichard, 4,580. 12 Includes Montgomery city, 66,079 population. 13 Includes Pensacola, 31,579 population. n Includes St. Petersburg, 40,425 population; Clearwater, 7,607; Tarpon Springs, 3,414. 1® Includes Macon, 64,045 population. i« Includes Savannah, 85,024 population. Includes Augusta, 60,342 population. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued County Unit School Systems Which Include Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 Population — Continued City Population (Fodcral cen¬ sus ,1930) Average school term (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents | Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 Louisiana: Caddo Parish 28 _ 124,670 161 1 2 9 104 761 15, 118 15, 504 25, 350 133 East Baton Rouge Parish 29 . 68,208 167 1 2 9 43 330 6,844 7,162 12, 796 50 Maryland: Allegany County 20 _ 79, 098 190 1 4 2 81 461 8,401 8, 076 14,700 78 Washington County 22_. 65, 882 186 1 4 1 89 310 7, 102 7,008 12, 307 97 North Carolina: 1 New Hanover County 22 43, 010 160 1 24 250 5, 079 5,212 9, 138 29 West Virginia: Cabell County 23 _ 90,786 175 3 25 113 533 11, 102 10, 522 17, 879 108 Kanawha County 24 _ 157, 667 175 7 40 320 1, 037 22, 084 19, 468 36, 595 307 Ohio County 23 _ 72, 077 174 3 1 ^ 15 99 369 | 6,581 ; 6,304 11, 551 43 GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION Alabama: Anniston _ 22, 345 176 1 9 8 126 2, 621 1 2, 668 1 4, 286| 12 Bessemer. . 20, 721 177 1 r*2 li 18 91 1, 976 2, 0741 3, 713! 7 Decatur... . 15, 593 176 1 3 11 74 1, 917 2, 005 1 1 3, 104, 13 Dothan _ 16, 046 168 1 _ 2 6 65 1, 499 1,472 2,571 9 Fairfield. . . 11, 059 177 1 4 6 64 1,361 1, 352 2, 333 8 Florence . . . 11, 729 176 1 3 4 66 1, 552 1, 561 1 2,5811 7 Huntsville. . 11, 554 175 1 i 5 4 53 1, 437 1, 552 2, 262j 5 Phenix City _ _ 13, 802 151 1 1 8 56 1, 655 1,699 2, 681 8 Selma. . . . 18, 012 175 1 2 11 90 1,911 2, 099 3,416 8 Tuscaloosa . 20, 659 175 1 “"2 4 9 112 2, 333 2, 435 4, 156 | 1 12 Arkansas: 39 1 Blytheville _ _ 10,098 171 1 l 3 10 1,106 1, 0721 1, 754' 7 El Dorado. . . 16, 421 177 1 7 12 84 i 2, 137 2, 161 2, 619! 8 Hot Springs _ _ 20, 238 170 1 _ 6 17 1141 1 2,700 2, 769 4, 1191 13 Jonesboro . . . 10, 326 178 1 _ 2 10 51 1,309 1,208 2,090; 9 North Little Rock _ 19, 418 180 1 _ 3 23 105 2, 922 3,118 4, 684 1 14 Pine Bluff . . 20, 760 175 1 .... 3 25 105 2, 435 2. 607 4, 237 16 Texarkana . 10, 764 175 1 9 10 51 ! 4 1,376 4 1, 379 2, 173 9 California: Anaheim . . . 10, 995 175 1 1 11 45 842 773 1,463 12 Bakersfield- . . 26, 015 180 1 3 8 18 154 ! 2, 920 2, 765 5, 033 2o Beverly Hills _ 17, 429 10, 439 182 2 4 5 42 129 1 2, 144 2, 144 1, 262 3, 413! 2, 299 5 Brawley _ 170 1 2 3 6 60 1,291 6 Burbank . . 16, 662 186 1 3 10 32 119 1 2, 167 2,035 3,505! 17 Burlingame _ 13,270 12, 516 175 1 2 10 48 1,083 1, 338 951 1, 687 1 11 Compton _ 175 1 5 6 1 68 1, 155 2, 246 1 16 Eureka . . . 15, 752 188 1 3 2 18 89 1, 731 1, 656 2, 930 12 Fullerton... . . 10, 860 171 1 4 2 51 723 721 1,279 8 Inglewood _ 19, 480 180 1 "" 2 6 5 89 1,628 1,503 2, 718 11 Modesto . . . 13, 842 181 1 9 61 128 3, 018 2,825 4,637. 15 Monrovia . 10,890 179 1 .... 3 27 74 1,483 | 1,295 2. 402 1 12 Ontario _ 13,583 13, 652 173 1 6 85 1,486 1, 311 2, 6951 12 Palo Alto . 182 1 1 2 4 23 89 1, 597 1, 522 2, 749! 17 Pomona _ 20,804 180 1 3 1 10 36 133 2,549 1 2,285 4, 1211 17 Redlands _ _ _ 14, 177 171 1 1 i 11 1 1 55 l 965 l 8811 1, 5741 11 4 Statistics of 1933-34. 13 Includes Shreveport, 76,655 population. 19 Includes Baton Rouge city, 30,729 population. 90 Includes Cumberland, 37,747 population; Frostburg, 5,588; Western Port, 3,440. 93 Includes Hagerstown, 30,861 population. 92 Includes Wilmington, 32,731 population. 23 Includes Huntington, 75,572 population. 24 Includes Charleston, 60,408 population; Dunbar, 4,189; St. Albans, 3,254; South Charleston, 5,904. 25 Includes Wheeling, 61,659 population. 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City Population (Federal cen¬ sus, 1930) Average school term (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance Men Women Boys Girls « 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 California— Continued. Richmond _ _ 20, 093 185 2 4 5 33 184 3, 302 2,973 5,456 24 Riverside . 29, 696 181 2 3 21 82 205 4, 743 4, 542 7, 410 29 Salinas . . 10, 263 177 1 5 29 63 1,757 1, 578 2, 832 7 San Leandro . 11, 455 179 1 1 2 46 887 810 1, 395 8 San Mateo 4 . . 13, 444 185 1 3 5 52 1, 072 938 1, 807 11 Santa Cruz... . 14, 395 176 1 .... 3 33 84 1, 627 1,558 2,701 13 Santa Rosa... . . 10, 636 179 1 5 24 70 1, 478 1, 331 2,500 9 South Pasadena . 13, 730 182 1 1 9 23 82 1, 437 1,478 2, 615 11 Vallejo . . . 14, 476 192 1 .... 4 22 81 1.934 1, 780 2, 693 12 Ventura 4 _ _ 11,603 177 1 5 39 78 1,963 1,903 3,032 10 Whittier . 14, 822 177 2 2 2 5 54 867 904 1,531 9 Colorado: Boulder . 11, 223 177 1 3 18 85 1, 448 1, 304 2,354 9 Fort Collins _ _ _ 11, 489 181 1 2 18 84 1,660 1,600 2,654 12 Grand Junction _ 10, 247 184 1 4 25 73 1,818 1,873 2,853 9 Greeley.. . . 12, 203 176 1 ~~~2 5 15 88 1,722 1, 616 2,692 11 Trinidad . . 11, 732 179 1 4 7 16 72 1,630 1,553 2,652 7 Connecticut: Ansonia . . 19, 898 184 1 3 1 20 88 1, 834 1,766 3, 270 9 Bristol . . 28, 451 183 1 5 8 23 173 3, 017 3, 041 5, 422 4 21 Danbury . . 22, 261 180 1 1 5 12 116 2,173 2, 201 3, 779 14 Derby . . 10, 788 180 1 4 14 44 950 887 1, 723 5 East Hartford . - 17, 125 177 1 2 6 6 107 1, 821 1,799 3, 140 18 Groton . . 10, 770 180 1 1 10 66 1,230 1, 118 2, 021 11 Middletown . . 24, 554 182 1 3 19 80 1,598 1, 579 2,692 8 Naugatuck.. . 14,315 179 1 3 2 9 78 1, 381 1, 252 2, 357 16 New London _ 29, 640 180 1 4 8 1 127 2, 332 2, 168 3, 824 16 Shelton . 10,113 181 1 2 2 8 55 1, 144 1, 012 1, 956 7 Stratford _ _ 19, 212 190 1 4 i 7 126 2, 477 2,343 4,151 19 Torrington . 26, 040 183 1 3 9 26 131 2,579 2,491 4, 610 16 Wallingford. . 14, 278 186 1 3 10 86 1,486 1, 512 2,563 7 West Hartford . 24, 941 181 1 I 8 34 142 2,693 2, 699 4, 641 20 West Haven... . 25,808 184 1 4 11 14 156 3,299 3, 175 6, 137 20 Willimantic _ 13, 773 184 1 3 10 73 2 1, 306 2 1, 305 2,301 10 Georgia: Albany _ 14, 507 180 1 9 84 1,889 2, 017 3,353 10 Athens.. . . . . 18, 192 177 1 2 3 7 109 1, 933 1,978 3, 160 13 Decatur . . 13, 276 180 1 7 8 79 1, 383 1,454 2, 367 8 Griffin . . 10, 321 180 1 — i 1 6 56 1, 100 1, 189 1, 801 9 La Grange . . 20, 131 175 1 .... 7 7 107 2, 218 2,233 3, 414 10 Rome _ _ 21, 843 180 1 1 11 106 2,619 2, 481 4, 040 16 Thomasville— . 11, 733 175 1 1 1 10 58 1, 376 1,503 2, 361 8 Valdosta . 13, 482 180 1 9 67 1,654 1,802 3,088 7 Waycross . 15, 510 175 1 3 7 90 2,026 2,235 3,484 11 Idaho: Boise _ _ 21, 544 182 1 4 12 42 118 2,932 2,749 4, 972 12 Pocatello . . 16, 471 175 1 2 11 22 114 2,900 2,769 4, 753 11 Illinois: Belleville 4 _ 28, 425 186 1 4 9 64 1,294 1,235 2,252 18 Blue Island _ 16, 534 184 1 4 46 817 785 1,453 7 Brookfield . 10, 035 175 1 3 24 481 444 777 1 Cairo . 13, 532 181 1 9 64 1, 191 1,240 2,133 11 Calumet City: District No. 155 _ "I / 180 1 1 22 350 336 602 3 District No. 156..... > 12, 298 \ 188 1 1 13 286 297 485 1 Canton... . . 11, 718 179 1 1 1 14 64 1, 381 1, 393 2, 344 10 Centra] ia _ 12,583 180 1 8 58 954 915 1,648 7 Champaign . . . 20, 348 178 1 5 3 21 116 2,126 1,974 3, 645 12 Chicago Heights . 22, 321 179 1 _ 6 6 82 1, 556 1, 484 2,948 8 East Moline . . 10, 107 186 1 4 1 1 33 672 634 1, 091 9 Elmhurst . . . 14, 055 192 1 2 5 5 61 1,113 1,020 1,800 11 * Distribution by sex is estimated. 4 Statisics of 1933-34. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City Population (Federal cen¬ sus, 1930) Average school term (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance Men Women Boys Girls * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Illin ois— C ontinued . Elmwood Park (P. 0., Chicago). . . 11, 270 187 1 5 42 1,047 947 1,827 2 Forest Park . 14, 555 189 1 .... 3 2 33 665 604 1, 114 4 Freeport . 22, 045 184 1 2 22 96 2,029 1,921 3,318 9 Galesburg.. . . 28, 830 193 1 2 4 32 140 2,686 2, 573 4, 651 14 Granite City . . 25, 130 176 1 _ 4 13 88 2,139 1,999 3, 623 9 11, 625 185 1 11 43 1, 113 1, 009 1,763 6 Harvey . . . 16', 374 166 1 3 5 44 970 903 1,645 4 Highland Park: District No. 107 _ } 12,203 f 180 1 3 30 462 378 744 4 District No. 108 _ { 182 1 3 43 483 511 843 6 Jacksonville . . 17, 747 180 1 2 6 17 67 1,406 1, 421 2, 416 6 Kankakee . . . 20, 620 182 1 2 3 9 99 1,821 1,580 3,007 11 Kewanee . . 17, 093 180 1 3 12 75 1, 491 1,410 2, 623 8 La Grange . 10, 103 177 1 3 61 936 933 1, 605 4 La Salle . 13, 149 188 1 1 40 588 542 1,051 7 Lincoln.. . . 12, 855 188 1 1 5 39 603 588 1, 090 5 Mattoon . . . 14, 631 182 1 .... 1 12 70 1,732 1,645 3, 309 12 Mount Vernon.. . . 12, 375 178 1 16 53 1, 301 1,258 2, 126 6 Ottawa . . . 15, 094 194 1 2 55 1, 128 1, 121 1, 905 12 Park Ridge .. 10, 417 184 1 2 4 43 864 826 1, 463 7 Pekin . 16, 129 178 1 2 1 10 67 1, 417 1,337 2,532 8 Sterling: District No. 10 _ | 10, 012 f 185 1 2 2 15 304 288 460 2 District No. 11 _ \ 181 1 5 26 401 365 745 5 Streator.. . . . 14, 728 190 1 6 58 926 895 1,423 9 Urbana _ _ 13,060 186 1 2 2 13 77 1, 409 1, 363 2,404 8 West Frankfort . . 14, 683 188 1 10 49 1,042 951 1,922 5 Wilmette... . . 15, 233 183 1 2 5 64 985 761 1,400 10 Winnetka . 12, 166 182 1 "~3 4 13 57 934 882 1, 498 7 Indiana: Bedford . . 13, 208 176 1 5 6 15 72 1,635 1, 579 2,921 7 Bloomington . . 18, 227 173 1 6 27 100 2 2, 233 2 2, 232 3, 848 7 Connersville . . . 12, 795 176 1 .... 2 21 51 2 1, 327 2 1, 328 2,253 7 Crawfordsville . 10, 355 177 1 2 21 54 1,230 1,094 1, 970 13 Elwood . . 10, 685 180 1 4 1 4 2 20 43 1, 155 1,147 2, 005 7 Frankfort 4 . . 12, 196 174 1 5 3 26 57 1, 593 1, 455 2, 729 6 Goshen . 10. 397 170 1 4 2 24 41 1, 101 1, 083 1,962 9 Huntington . . 13, 420 180 1 4 5 14 71 1,587 1, 474 2, 723 13 Jeffersonville . 11,946 177 1 1 18 55 1, 210 1,206 2, 255 9 La Fayette . 26, 240 185 1 ”6 10 22 112 2,428 2, 221 3, 999 10 La Porte . 15, 755 179 1 5 2 20 74 1, 673 1,585 2, 965 13 Logansport . 18, 508 174 1 3 4 29 93 1,790 1, 673 3,062 15 Marion . . 24, 496 178 2 3 9 27 126 2. 655 2,586 4,546 13 Michigan City . 26, 735 172 1 2 5 25 110 2, 447 2, 226 4, 171 20 Mishawaka . 28, 630 178 1 4 7 30 135 3, 345 3,007 5, 470 15 New Albany . 25, 819 175 2 4 3 29 102 2, 359 2, 320 4, 144 15 Newcastle . 14, 027 176 1 1 2 24 70 1,816 1,880 3, 150 7 Peru . . 12, 730 177 1 1 1 19 59 1, 385 1,258 2,338 9 Shelbyville . 10, 618 170 1 2 17 49 1, 120 1, 072 1,915 6 Vincennes . 17, 564 177 1 1 2 23 95 2,131 2,035 3, 556 11 Whiting . 10, 880 175 1 2 4 21 39 1,013 964 1, 773 5 Iowa: Ames _ 10, 261 174 1 .. 13 74 1, 215 1, 187 2, 106 15 Boone . . 11,886 170 1 2 1 13 69 1, 331 1, 352 2,246 16 Burlington . 26, 755 184 1 _ 11 30 156 2, 567 2, 441 4, 709 26 Clinton: City district . } 25,726 f 181 1 2 7 15 113 1, 889 1, 784 3, 510 12 Lyons district . \ 173 1 2 6 28 602 540 981 10 Fort Dodge . 21, 895 173 1 "’2 12 17 117 2,377 2, 251 4, 316 21 * Distribution by sex is estimated. 4 Statisticts of 1933-34. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued PERSONNEL City <32 h g§H 3 .2 3 Teachers Enrollment "S >> „ W O O a “ .2 S a o, © CL Average sc (da; Superinten* and assi superintem | Supervisors Principals Men Women Boys Girls Average dail tendance O CO 0 M O rO a S3 £ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Iowa— Continued. Fort Madison . 13, 779 180 1 2 9 58 1, 105 1, 093 2, 003 10 Iowa City . . 15, 340 176 1 2 5 13 72 1, 297 1, 150 2, 176 11 Keokuk . . 15, 106 182 1 3 5 10 77 1, 320 1, 350 2, 222 14 Marshalltown . 17, 373 165 1 2 10 108 2, 014 1, 960 3,504 18 Mason City . 23, 304 173 1 4 9 20 156 2, 841 2, 762 4, 799 16 Muscatine . 16, 778 178 1 2 9 22 90 2,007 1, 941 3, 137 17 Newton . 11, 560 174 1 _ 5 16 90 1,719 1, 784 2, 917 7 Oskaloosa . . 10, 123 172 1 _ 1 10 62 1, 187 1, 194 2, 125 10 Ottumwa . 28, 075 176 1 2 12 21 163 3, 405 3,241 5, 604 27 Kansas: Arkansas City . 13, 946 13, 024 174 1 4 2 22 84 2,092 2,030 3, 462 10 Atchison . . 174 1 2 2 13 59 1, 236 1, 195 2, 106 13 Chanute. . DO, 277 180 1 1 7 21 53 1,236 1,170 2, 146 8 Coffeyville . . 16, 198 171 1 1 3 27 97 2, 354 2, 307 3, 839 10 Dodge City . 10, 059 178 1 _ 2 23 65 1, 528 1,487 2, 548 12 Eldorado . 10,311 180 1 1 2 24 73 1, 707 1,596 2,822 9 Emporia . 14, 067 177 1 2 2 13 86 1,586 1,592 2, 723 13 Fort Scott . 10, 763 180 1 1 2 23 86 1, 535 1,394 2,591 6 Hutchinson . 27, 085 178 1 1 13 37 146 3,711 3, 714 6, 291 22 Independence . 12, 782 174 1 _ 1 34 87 1,749 1, 700 2,789 15 Lawrence . . 13, 726 175 1 3 5 20 84 1, 750 1, 617 2,831 14 Leavenworth . 17, 466 177 1 11 7 73 1, 638 1, 643 2, 684 14 Manhattan . 10, 136 174 1 "2 4 19 61 1,255 1, 267 2, 206 12 Newton . . 11, 034 180 1 7 2 19 62 1, 517 1, 431 2,513 12 Parsons . 14, 903 176 1 1 8 21 67 1,605 1, 611 2,792 13 Pittsburg . 18, 145 175 1 .. 3 23 103 2, 156 2, 093 3,702 18 Salina . 20, 155 186 1 "2 3 22 118 2, 371 2,344 4, 098 17 Kentucky: Ashland . 29, 074 178 1 2 13 22 160 3,587 3, 520 6,080 14 Bowling Green . . 12, 348 180 1 4 5 10 63 1, 157 1,247 1,917 8 Fort Thomas . 10, 008 187 1 1 4 9 36 719 662 1,206 4 4 Frankfort . . 11, 626 185 1 _ 3 7 51 952 972 1,639 *10 Henderson . 11, 668 184 1 6 9 10 70 1, 252 1,256 2,009 9 Hopkinsville . 10, 746 184 1 2 6 14 66 1,207 1,268 2, 109 6 Middlesboro . 10, 350 177 1 2 2 11 59 1,514 1, 563 2, 446 8 Newport . 29, 744 187 1 6 6 10 124 2, 149 1,947 3, 470 11 Owensboro _ 22, 765 173 1 _ 4 26 111 2, 224 2, 325 3,887 13 Louisiana: Lake Charles . 15, 791 175 1 _ 5 5 54 1,089 1,000 1, 753 5 Monroe . 26, 028 180 1 .... 6 13 94 2,065 2,035 3, 407 7 Maine: Auburn . 18, 571 177 1 .. 2 20 105 1,909 1, 923 3, 125 25 Augusta . . 17, 198 176 1 4 1 14 79 1,524 1, 571 2,762 23 Bangor. . . . 28, 749 178 1 5 4 30 148 2,771 2, 761 4, 421 38 Biddeford . 17, 633 180 1 .. 2 7 47 867 901 1, 378 14 Rumford . 10, 340 180 1 3 1 9 50 1,041 1, 016 1,940 10 South Portland . 13,840 184 1 4 2 14 115 1,874 1, 877 3, 229 15 Waterville . 15, 454 175 1 .... 6 15 67 1, 426 1,389 2, 449 13 Westbrook... . 10,807 175 1 _ 1 9 54 930 858 1, 651 10 Massachusetts: Adams. . 12, 697 181 1 1 6 13 52 1,037 944 1, 768 16 Amesbury . 11, 899 180 1 1 13 42 793 768 1, 397 6 Athol . . . 10, 677 178 1 "'2 2 6 59 1,111 2,239 1,103 1, 941 11 Attleboro . . . 21, 769 179 1 4 10 12 125 2, 054 3, 746 20 Belmont . . 21, 748 173 2 4 8 24 135 2, 497 2, 375 4, 343 14 Beverly . . . . 25, 086 181 1 5 10 22 140 2, 469 2, 071 4, 289 13 Braintree _ 15, 712 180 1 .... 4 18 123 1, 912 1,891 3, 473 21 Clinton . 12, 817 178 1 1 10 51 1,036 985 1, 829 11 Danvers . 12, 957 180 1 '3 3 14 65 1, 171 1, 179 2, 172 11 Dedham _ 15, 136 172 1 4 7 19 96 1, 680 1, 725 3, 052 10 Easthampton . 11, 323 181 1 1 1 6 51 805 840 1, 436 8 Fairhaven . . . 10, 951 182 1 8 4 9 61 1, 198 1,090 2,060 8 Framingham . 22, 210 182 1 6 10 26 120 2, 336 2,311 4,202 2,631 17 Gardner . . 19, 399 169 1 _ 1 12 84 1,445 1,319 9 ♦ Statistics of 1933-34. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP m— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City Population (Federal cen¬ sus, 1030) Average school torm (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents | Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 M assaehusetts— C ontd. Gloucester . 24, 204 172 1 12 3 17 126 2,203 2,182 3, 921 1 22 Greenfield . 15, 500 184 1 1 23 98 1, 569 1,489 2, 756 1 24 Leominster . 21,810 181 1 2 18 98 1, 630 1, 647 2,993 ! 13 Marlboro . 15, 587 177 1 2 3 9 73 1, 203 1, 142 2, 182 5 Melrose . . 23, 170 177 1 31 5 23 129 2,204 2, 121 4,008 11 Methuen... . 21, 069 177 1 8 5 9 109 1, 872 1,746 3, 312 j 14 Milford . . 14, 741 174 1 3 8 95 1, 380 1, 334 2,480 20 Milton . . 16, 434 183 1 4 7 15 107 1, 640 1,644 2, 973 7 Natick . 13, 589 178 1 5 2 14 77 1, 373 1, 402 2, 517 13 Needham . . . 10, 845 173 1 4 4 9 78 1,324 1, 217 2, 304 15 Newburyport . . 15, 084 179 1 3 4 8 69 1, 145 1, 185 2,118 * North Adams . 21, 621 177 1 6 7 8 98 1, 771 1, 566 2,992 14 Northampton. . 24,381 181 1 2 6 14 108 1, 725 1,691 3, 104 19 North Attleboro . . 10, 197 178 1 _ 1 9 39 755 677 1,318 1 10 Norwood.. _ _ 15, 049 163 1 3 6 17 104 1, 399 1, 372 2,557 7 Peabody . 21, 345 175 1 5 10 24 123 2,283 2,114 4,040 1 H Plymouth . 13, 042 177 1 6 6 9 74 1, 335 1, 296 2,428 1 Saugus . 14, 700 177 1 3 1 19 81 1, 81C 1, 765 3, 189 13 Southbridge . 14,264 185 1 _ _ 2 15 56 1, 231 1,020 1, 955 14 Stoneham . 10, 060 178 1 'l 2 13 53 954 834 1, 644 7 Swampscott . 10,346 175 1 3 4 8 58 871 859 1, 574 O Wakefield . 16, 318 180 1 3 5 16 91 1,744 1,690 3, 203 9 Webster . 12,992 181 1 3 2 8 45 833 767 1, 412 6 Wellesley . 11, 439 182 1 5 2 19 90 1, 336 1,225 2272 Westfield . 19, 775 177 1 2 8 15 112 1,940 1, 918 3, 578 ! 11 West Springfield . 16,684 179 1 3 4 12 98 1, 626 1, 537 2 819 1 Weymouth . 20,882 177 1 8 5 28 120 2, 287 2,349 4, 239 15 Winchester . 12, 719 173 1 1 2 13 86 1,369 1, 265 2, 319 13 Winthrop . 16, 852 178 1 2 5 16 96 1, 821 1, 679 3, 102 6 Woburn _ 19, 434 171 1 _ 2 20 114 2,205 1, 997 3, 849 16 Michigan: Adrian . 13,064 183 1 1 6 16 70 1, 321 1, 406 2 555 8 Alpena . 12, 166 191 1 10 1 15 48 1, 087 1,069 1, 905 11 Ann Arbor . 26,944 181 3 2 9 35 136 2 702 2,527 4,169 18 Benton Harbor . 15, 434 185 1 1 2 28 77 1, 913 1, 909 3, 207 12 Calumet . 16,033 181 1 2 5 13 75 1,457 1,534 2,597 11 Ecorse _ 12, 716 190 1 1 3 19 54 1,328 1,309 2, 236 8 Escanaba... . . 14,524 184 1 1 2 19 77 1,521 1, 503 2,716 12 Femdale. . 20, 855 197 1 _ 9 35 129 3,003 2,869 4, 921 21 Grosse Pointe . 21, 428 192 1 6 32 108 2, 002 1,810 3, 501 4 13 Holland. . 14, 346 183 1 “3 3 19 97 1,623 1,496 2, 932 12 Iron Mountain . . 11.652 184 1 4 2 17 68 1, 571 1, 465 2, 826 13 Ironwood _ _ _ 14,299 183 1 1 1 43 84 1, 971 1,857 3,465 13 Lincoln Park . . 12, 336 192 1 1 5 18 61 1,690 1, 738 3, 155 11 Marquette . 14,789 190 1 4 2 14 60 1, 155 1,070 2,009 15 Menominee . 10, 320 190 1 1 1 16 46 908 928 1, 717 11 Monroe . 18, 110 187 1 2 4 25 72 1, 821 1, 759 3,051 7 Mount Clemens. . 13, 497 190 1 2 1 18 72 1,200 1, 455 2, 624 14 Muskegon Heights _ 15,584 191 1 1 2 22 80 2,134 2,046 3, 510 15 Niles . 11, 326 190 1 2 17 60 » 1,409 * 1, 410 2,692 16 Owosso . . 14, 496 193 1 3 3 16 87 1.925 1, 805 3, 217 12 River Rouge... . 17, 314 192 1 .... 4 30 76 2 003 1,820 3,263 7 Royal Oak . . 22. 904 190 1 11 32 147 » 3. 166 » 3, 166 5.619 21 Sault Ste. Marie. . 13, 755 193 1 6 2 23 71 1, 682 1,694 3, 009 14 Traverse City . 12,539 179 2 1 7 12 59 1,157 1,086 2 203 11 Wyandotte - _ 28. 368 192 1 1 8 29 128 2,774 2 697 4. 453 15 Ypsilanti . 10, 143 185 1 3 1 16 53 1,119 1, 105 1,986 10 Minnesota: Albert Lea . 10, 169 175 1 1 3 20 74 ; 1,441 1,509 2494 10 Austin. _ 12. 276 174 1 19 84 1.694 1,717 2,874 14 Brainerd . . 10, 221 174 1 1 3 17 73 1 1, 351 1,390 2,331 O Faribault- . . . 12. 767 1 167 1 2 1 15 49 1 897 1 966 1,589 8 1 Distribution by sex is estimated. 4 Statistics of 1933-34. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City Population (Federal cen¬ sus, 1930) Average school term (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents 1 Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 Minnesota— Continued. 15, 666 175 1 2 43 2 224 3,084 2,968 29 5, 352 32 Mankato . 14, 038 173 1 1 3 15 74 1,224 1,252 2, 181 11 Rochester. . 20, 621 173 1 1 3 27 117 2, 185 2, 254 3,959 16 St. Cloud . . 21, 000 180 1 5 9 20 68 1,432 1,476 2, 620 16 South St. Paul . 10, 009 172 1 6 3 16 77 1,325 1,308 2, 356 12 Virginia . 11,962 190 1 6 2 49 130 1,692 1,641 3, 053 15 Winona . 20, 85C 181 1 12 6 19 98 1,649 1,719 3, 028 13 Mississippi: Biloxi... . 14, 850 177 1 _ 7 6 60 1, 523 1,465 2, 390 7 Clarksdale . 10, 042 17£ 1 2 3 5 35 714 698 1,212 5 Columbus.. . 10, 743 176 1 _ 5 6 75 1, 739 1,817 2, 303 8 Greenville 27_ . 14, 807 180 1 .... 5 8 42 921 938 1,478 5 Greenwood 3 4 . . 11, 122 175 1 . 5 5 59 1,496 1,699 2,505 7 Gulfport. . 12, 547 180 1 1 2 10 68 1,634 1,520 2,606 8 Hattiesburg . 18, 601 177 1 3 2 15 94 2,217 2, 313 3, 570 11 Laurel . . 18,017 176 1 1 12 8 118 2, 350 2, 459 3, 863 12 McComb... . 10, 057 177 1 6 1 3 47 941 865 1,639 5 Natchez . 13, 422 176 1 5 4 11 54 1,293 1,488 2, 358 7 Vicksburg. . 22,943 176 1 2 5 6 68 1,463 1,559 2, 738 5 Missouri: Cape Girardeau . 16,227 179 1 4 17 86 1,696 1,668 2, 767 8 Columbia . . 14, 967 179 1 3 3 24 80 1, 671 1, 613 2, 736 9 Hannibal . . 22, 761 178 1 3 7 23 95 2, 143 2, 041 3, 569 15 Independence . . 15, 296 175 1 2 11 28 105 2,501 2, 336 4,081 12 Jefferson City _ _ 21, 596 180 1 1 3 25 75 1,776 1,750 2,937 16 Maplewood . . 21, 807 182 1 5 8 24 104 1,998 1,945 3, 201 14 Moberly _ 13, 772 180 1 _ 2 12 67 1,239 1,214 2,707 8 St. Charles. . 10, 491 200 1 4 5 11 29 670 654 1, 180 6 Sedalia . 20,806 180 1 _ 2 12 103 1, 860 1,813 3,409 8 University City . 25, 809 197 1 *5 7 37 133 2, 589 2,397 4,264 13 Webster Groves. . 16, 487 185 1 5 8 24 111 2, 273 2, 121 3, 789 12 Montana: Anaconda . 12, 494 176 1 6 3 14 55 950 843 1,581 7 Billings. . 16, 380 177 1 1 8 27 115 2,460 2, 460 4,239 9 Great Falls . 28, 822 181 1 4 14 36 168 3, 185 3,042 5, 419 14 Helena . . 11,803 176 1 3 4 13 60 1,276 1, 278 1,893 7 Missoula . . 14, 657 187 1 .... 7 3 66 1,309 1, 316 2,041 10 Nebraska: Beatrice 4.. . 10, 297 175 1 2 2 9 68 1,110 1,039 1,941 16 Fremont . . 11, 407 176 1 1 2 14 72 1,399 1,461 2, 371 16 Grand Island . 18, 041 180 1 1 3 24 109 2,205 2,196 3, 728 17 Hastings . 15, 490 180 1 2 3 21 80 1, 716 1,742 3, 023 12 Norfolk . . 10, 717 179 1 5 2 19 52 1,298 1,240 2, 092 14 North Platte . . 12, 061 180 1 2 2 10 80 1,900 1,806 3, 109 14 Nevada: Reno . . 18, 529 176 1 .... 3 15 85 1,787 1,805 2,907 12 New Hampshire: Berlin . . . 20,018 178 1 1 1 17 51 1, 166 977 1, 862 6 Claremont . . . 12, 377 170 1 10 54 2 965 2 964 1,766 9 Concord . . 25, 228 176 2 4 8 27 119 1,743 1,664 2,980 22 Dover 13, 573 189 1 12 54 1, 117 1,036 1,835 11 Keene.. . 13, 794 173 1 2 25 73 1,387 1,433 2,513 18 Laconia . . . 12, 471 180 1 1 15 48 992 957 1,768 8 Portsmouth _ 14, 495 179 1 *2 8 15 91 1, 550 1, 515 2, 658 17 Rochester . 10, 209 174 1 1 5 45 800 783 1,454 6 New Jersey: Asbury Park . 14, 981 187 1 2 5 17 111 1,999 1,800 3,126 9 Belleville. . . . . 26, 974 184 1 3 8 25 164 3,202 3, 034 5,547 14 Bridgeton . . . 15, 699 188 1 4 6 17 101 1, 964 1,962 3, 357 12 Burlington . 10, 844 184 1 5 10 71 1,418 1,293 2, 359 8 3 Distribution by sex is estimated. 4 Statistics of 1933-34. 29 Includes estimate for college department* 27 White schools only. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued a © © 'S 'Co' © CC Ck o Average school term (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools 1 Superintendents and assistant superintendents | Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance City ll 3 & o PM Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 New Jersey— Continued. Carteret _ . 13, 339 182 1 .... 5 8 86 1, 485 1, 318 2, 458 5 ClifFside Park . 15. 267 183 1 2 5 23 100 1,682 1,554 2,778 10 Collingswood . . 12, 723 184 1 4 2 19 79 1, 502 1, 516 2,670 12 Cranford . 11, 126 186 1 1 4 15 78 1,376 1, 349 2, 360 9 Dover . 10, 031 188 1 2 3 16 59 1, 224 1,138 2,016 4 Englewood . . 17, 805 182 1 4 6 34 117 2, 055 1,957 3, 415 12 Garfield. . 29, 739 181 1 1 9 20 185 3, 376 3,397 5,966 16 Gloucester City . 13. 796 187 1 1 1 15 63 1, 226 1,177 2, 032 10 Hackensack . 24, 568 176 1 _ 7 33 176 2, 974 2, 798 4, 948 17 Harrison . . 15, 601 192 1 _ 3 9 54 1,222 1,070 1, 987 3 Hawthorne _ 11, 868 193 1 _ 3 18 77 1,407 1,311 2, 373 13 Hillside (P. 0.. Eliza- beth). . . . 17. 601 187 1 2 6 24 113 2,253 2,008 3, 671 11 Linden . . 21. 206 187 1 1 9 33 157 2,909 2, 685 4, 827 18 Lodi . . 11.549 183 1 . 6 2 13 2 82 1, 759 1,569 2,899 10 Long Branch _ 18, 399 187 1 2 7 16 100 1, 963 1,818 3, 193 17 Lyndhurst (P. 0., Rutherford) . 17, 362 176 1 1 5 18 125 2,152 2, 088 3, 692 8 Millville. . 14, 705 190 1 1 4 12 82 1,546 1,485 2,626 7 Morristown _ _ 15, 197 189 1 2 6 28 54 1, 718 1,730 3, 000 11 Neptune (P. 0., Ocean Grove) . 10, 625 180 1 _ 4 21 69 1, 309 1,262 2,139 6 Nutley . 20, 572 188 1 1 7 29 143 2,535 2, 433 4,229 13 Pensauken (P. 0., Merchantville) . 16, 915 183 1 1 1 16 85 1,709 1,644 2,858 13 Phillipsburg . 19, 255 192 2 1 1 25 93 2,060 1, 890 3, 514 9 Pleasant ville . 11,580 182 1 .... 4 26 73 1, 478 1,405 2,383 11 Rahway.. . 16,011 185 1 4 22 83 1, 685 1,567 2,873 8 Red Bank . . 11, 622 185 1 4 3 22 68 1, 320 1,282 2,251 10 Ridgefield Park . 10, 764 184 1 3 12 68 1, 139 1,021 1,875 9 Ridgewood . 12, 188 180 1 4 7 31 89 1,486 1, 522 2,577 13 Roselle _ _ 13,021 189 1 .... 3 29 67 1, 370 1, 322 2,534 9 Rutherford . . . 14, 915 176 1 _ 7 13 100 1,534 1,429 2,535 13 South River. . 10, 759 182 1 .... 4 27 59 1,412 1, 216 2,342 7 Summit . 14, 556 187 1 6 21 107 1,584 1, 399 2,587 16 Teaneck.. . . 16, 513 178 1 ' 3 7 35 118 2,239 2, 098 3, 806 13 Union . . . 16, 472 184 1 5 7 15 99 2,349 2, 106 3, 753 14 Vineland . . . 21,603 188 1 3 14 127 2,377 2, 155 3,906 21 Weehawken.. . 14, 807 192 1! "’*4 4 10 71 1,244 1, 256 2,155 9 Westfield . 15, 801 183 11 6 6 27 111 1,945 1,887 3, 336 17 West Orange. . . 24, 327 184 1 2 9 35 153 2, 804 2,436 4, 561 21 Woodbridge . . 25, 266 177 1 1 7 25 162 3, 283 3, 094 5,632 15 New Mexico : Albuquerque _ 26, 570 180 1 1 11 27 170 4,102 3, 963 6,326 11 Roswell . . . . 11, 173 178 1 6 2 13 60 1,634 1, 616 2,401 8 Santa Fe . 11, 176 180 1 5 2 6 47 1, 043 987 1,956 8 New York: Batavia . 17, 375 185 1 _ 8 24 108 1, 947 1,901 3, 365 9 Beacon . 11, 933 185 1 ” 3 4 6 61 1,050 1,007 1, 799 7 Cohoes . 23, 226 182 1 6 1 5 80 1, 384 1, 320 2,317 15 Corning: District No. 9 . \ 1 K *777 f 183 1 .... 4 12 46 821 772 1, 342 7 District No. 13 _ \ 183 1 2 12 47 918 905 1,591 4 Cortland . . . 15, 043 185 1 3 5 12 82 1, 261 1, 250 2, 215 9 Dunkirk . 17, 802 186 1 1 6 26 103 1, 716 1, 574 2,884 16 Endicott . 16, 231 184 1 13 7 21 174 3,315 3, 300 5, 879 9 Floral Park 28 _ 10, 016 184 4 28 115 1, 956 1, 871 3, 206 5 Freeport . . 15, 467 184 1 1 6 20 104 1, 949 1,924 3,290 11 Fulton . 12, 462 184 1 4 3 12 75 1, 551 1,576 2, 776 7 Geneva . . . 16, 053 181 1 2 6 14 82 1, 398 1, 304 2,347 12 Glen Cove . . 11, 430 183 1 10 2 3 73 1,393 1,256 2,297 10 Glens Falls. . 18, 531 183 1 — J 6l 20 87 1,488 1,458 2,442 10 * Distribution by sex is estimated. M Only 1 elementary district reported. Data given here include high*school data for 1933-34. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM, NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III — CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION-Continued City Population (Federal cen¬ sus, 1930) Average school term (days) PERSONNEL Number of schools Superintendents and assistant superintendents | Supervisors Principals Teachers Enrollment Average daily at¬ tendance Men Women Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 New York— Continued. Gloversville . _ . 23, 099 179 1 2 10 14 129 2,361 2,299 3,081 21 Hempstead . . 12, 650 181 1 .... 7 29 155 2, 632 2,508 4,284 12 Herkimer . . 10, 446 182 1 3 8 62 1, 078 1, 150 2,001 6 Hornell— . 16, 250 182 1 6 16 109 1, 774 1,711 3, 134 13 Hudson . . 12, 337 183 1 .... 2 10 72 1,263 1,263 2, 160 8 Irondequoit (P. 0., Rochester) . 18, 024 184 1 _ 2 6 37 595 578 1,000 5 Ithaca. . . . . 20, 708 184 1 5 5 35 132 2, 279 2,200 3, 854 16 Johnson City . . 13, 567 187 1 5 13 139 2,124 2,103 3, 771 9 Johnstown * . . . 10,801 183 1 2 9 68 1, 125 1,001 1,896 12 Kenmore _ 16, 482 181 1 3 7 34 169 3, 104 2, 987 5,232 12 Kingston . . 28, 088 184 1 7 9 27 130 2,811 2, 616 4, 759 9 Lackawanna- . . 23, 948 184 1 13 8 29 123 2, 446 2,249 3, 982 13 Little Falls . 11, 105 184 1 3 3 9 53 958 911 1,709 10 Lockport _ _ 23, 160 184 1 7 7 20 124 2, 540 2, 296 4,236 18 Lynbrook . 11,993 184 1 3 4 10 73 1,293 1, 157 2,086 7 Mamaroneck . 11,766 182 1 5 6 21 143 2, 240 2, 035 3, 608 10 Massena _ _ _ 10, 637 183 1 3 3 17 64 1, 327 1,316 2, 334 11 Middletown _ _ 21, 276 184 1 4 3 13 99 1,968 1,818 3, 289 11 North Tonawanda _ 19, 019 184 1 5 7 16 103 2, 141 2,078 3, 679 16 Ogdensburg _ 16, 915 186 1 5 1 17 63 1,314 1,256 2,265 7 Olean . . . 21, 790 184 1 5 7 10 154 2, 676 2,519 4,509 21 Oneida _ 10, 558 181 1 5 8 68 977 977 1,679 9 Oneonta _ _ 12, 536 180 1 ii 7 12 62 1, 097 1, 116 1,952 7 Ossining _ 15,241 181 1 2 4 12 61 1,562 1,426 2,600 9 Oswego _ 22, 652 185 1 2 3 16 117 2,234 2,112 3,792 15 Peekskill . 17, 125 181 1 4 4 20 82 1,687 1,540 2,707 7 Pelham . . . 11, 851 182 1 .... 5 21 89 1,312 1, 275 2,164 10 Plattsburg . . . 13, 349 182 1 1 9 48 841 919 1,432 11 Port Chester . 22, 662 182 1 2 8 30 161 3,016 2,804 5, 096 16 Port Jervis. . _ 10, 243 184 1 3 6 10 57 1, 198 1,079 1,996 13 Rensselaer... _ 11,223 185 1 4 4 1 65 980 924 1,597 10 Rockville Center.. . 13, 718 184 1 6 11 100 1, 715 1, 522 2,700 11 Saratoga Springs. . 13, 169 181 1 i 6 16 77 1, 240 1, 250 2,031 11 Tonawanda . . 12, 681 183 1 3 2 11 82 1,453 1,332 2, 464 11 Vnllfiy St.rp.am 29 11, 790 181 5 25 83 1,648 1,501 2,604 5 Watervliet.. . 16, 083 181 1 5 6 3 71 1, 168 1, 133 1,974 12 North Carolina: Concord _ 11,820 160 1 _ 2 9 79 1, 757 1,747 3, 071 6 Elizabeth City 10, 037 160 1 11 70 1,465 1, 520 2, 661 7 Fayetteville . . 13, 049 160 1 7 10 82 1,946 1,989 3,316 7 Gastonia _ 17, 093 160 1 _ 2 17 120 2, 797 2, 804 4, 719 9 Goldsboro _ _ _ 14, 985 160 1 _ 2 14 107 2, 250 2, 631 4, 083 9 Kinston _ . _ 11,362 160 1 _ 5 10 74 1,699 1,889 3, 056 5 N ewhp.rn 11,981 160 1 8 68 1,428 1, 557 2, 493 8 Rocky Mount _ 21,412 180 1 .... 2 14 125 2, 641 2,900 4, 775 12 Salisbury _ 16, 951 160 1 .... 4 17 104 2,192 2,194 3,904 8 Shelby . 10, 789 160 1 .... 2 6 78 1,729 1,728 2,918 9 Statesville _ 10, 490 160 1 .... 1 11 65 1,451 1,459 2,646 6 Thomas ville. . . . 10, 090 160 1 _ 1 4 77 1,529 1,577 2, 731 7 Wilson... . 12, 613 156 1 _ 6 a 106 2, 084 2, 342 4, 168 6 North Dakota: Bismarck . . 11, 090 180 1 3 1 13 58 1, 194 1, 157 2, 106 7 Fargo _ _ 28, 619 177 1 2 13 40 160 2, 894 2, 865 4, 971 1 ^ Grand Forks _ _ 17, 112 180 1 .... 2 37 74 1,919 1,853 3,292 t Minot _ _ _ 16, 099 180 1 .... 1 12 72 1,481 1,579 2,794 8 Ohio: Alliance _ 23, 047 178 1 3 1 31 157 2, 851 2, 809 t.,019 16 Ashland _ 11,141 187 1 3 1 25 54 1, 170 1,204 2, 138 6 Ashtabula _ 23, 301 170 1 1 4 21 102 1,981 1,955 3,572 13 Barberton . 23, 934 1 186 I 1 2 1 3 1 31 1031 2,669 2,512 4, 563 12 Only bigh-school data reported. Data given here include the 2 elementary districts reported in 1933-34. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 Table 4.— ENROLLMENT, ATTENDANCE, LENGTH OF TERM NUM¬ BER OF SCHOOLS, AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued PERSONNEL City 'Do Superintendents and assistant superintendents Teachers Enrollment a o o A a 2 c3 3 Q. o * Average sc (da: | Supervisors Principals Men Women Boys Girls Average dail; tendance o w o r j i i I iliISs sSIIIM i i i is i ii i i i i ill i i i il i i s “eSs'eSs ! ~~~ C^OOON® COOrtOVNN ; ; ! ;CO* ; !o j j i ! j N*00 j | | : i i i : i i i : i : i i i M ooovujn* t-- e SOX-OO O ® = J sojnqpnadxo [Bjoj pubjo U5 $3, 785, 142 1, 217, 948 5, 046, 271 4, 827, 436 3, 756, 312 2, 397, 510 1,449,311 2,731,408 6,842,027 1,774,756 2,341,695 11, 461, 721 Aejjno jBjideo $32, 843 2, 707 1, 597, 688 84, 356 366, 038 65,043 130, 686 31, 519 17, 402 10, 390 718, 754 DEBT SERVICE 90TAJ9S jqgp J9qjo HV eo $268, 307 153, 894 999, 425 536, 101 190, 932 5, 819 1,276 1, 203, 000 87, 159 743, 103 827, 233 JS9J9JUJ w $318, 157 134, 296 267, 155 539, 229 384, 609 183, 212 271, 530 289, 538 511,034 43, 378 82, 778 367, 263 sjooqos jararang a si;: ;■§§§:! 8 g j«f ! ; j s sqssbjo noijBzineoi -joniy puB spoqos jq3t>j o SIS il 1 II ssi 3 sjooqos uoij -Bnuijuoo puB ouiij-jJBd a* $21, 495 1, 896 863, 080 CURRENT EXPENSES, FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS PPJ, CO $3, 118, 066 923, 368 2, 154, 225 3, 667, 750 2, 800, 812 2,136,951 1, 162, 504 2, 286, 641 5, 022, 353 1, 619, 396 1, 499, 357 8, 560, 752 seSiBqo poxij $3, 381 9, 752 6, 999 27, 813 1, 624 53, 645 10, 862 57, 446 7, 145 5, 549 S9IJTAIJ0B 9JBUipJOO0' pnB S9I0U9SB A JBipxny so $75, 888 6, 614 36, 458 69, 970 15, 289 31, 207 17, 747 45, 703 108, 751 30, 135 33, 718 517, 839 JUBjd J O 90UBU9JUIBjy $67, 492 14, 810 119,029 82, 408 106, 117 84, 526 43, 918 82, 571 159, 282 63, 746 84, 902 500, 817 jnBidjouoijBiedo - mn s is lie g !&-§§§ g as m s' noijonjjsui e* $2, 678, 560 784, 677 1,733,673 3,174,961 2, 357, 277 | 1,670,451 964,460 1, 911, 130 4,021, 634 1, 309, 488 1, 172, 039 6, 508, 043 pJJUOO [BJ9U9Q $73, 262 49, 892 117, 914 82, 788 114, 720 91, 680 22, 441 54, 788 137, 312 34, 679 41, 337 196, 174 City - Texas: Dallas . . . El Paso _ Fort Worth . ... Houston - - San Antonio . ... Utah: Salt Lake City . Virginia: Norfolk . . Richmond _ Washington: Seattle . - Spokane. . . Tacoma . . Wisconsin: Milwaukee. . . ssg cit-TtsT SSI ill to S m « o eoeo-C* s IIS Q < g«M fc III o IS m p in o Ph m i \ ! i i : i i : : i i i o i i i co ! 1 1 : : : : : : H Sis 8 lJ m o t-H III W o W g*W £ ill CO s H p's' CO 11s m p |KS’ § SI! w o sss m g SIS m g h‘hh g 111 <5 Florida: Dade County . Duval County _ Hillsborough County. GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 Slllllg i i i iSS | ^ l>eg CB O T* *£3 : : “'S : : * » i § : ill i ii i i : : : ; : ■ i i i i i • iiiiiii i i j ; i tf ; i-- i i“ i i Mil i ii iiiiiii i i 1 ' i i i I^sllls iliiil i il iiiiiii i i ee- i 1 ! ! ss^sfsfs isssss j jco oo co oo i-T eo wo? j j 2 II si IslilssllSSsI I II gsiliis i I II -T -Tts? -VcVe-*ccVN>-NN (N rH-ef H £ H Ph Ph £ o S T3 o § PS fl Ph ’43 g° w 5 >-< < Ph Ph H w H O Q 6 <1 02 <1 ►P H P O of W 02 & w Ph X w I 50 H »4 n i O i i i i i GO i i iii ; i i i rt* i i i i i i i i i i i i i O i i iii i i i i to i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 t rH l i ill 1 l l i CO 1 i l l l 1 f i i i i i i ii iii i l i i ^ l i i • i l l i i i i i i ii iii i i i i co • i i < i « i i i i i i i ii iii i iii iii i i i i i i i i i i ii i;i i iii iii i i i i i sjooqos uoi? -Bnmjaoo paB oanj-jiBii - $2, 670 CURRENT EXPENSES, FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS l**0,L GO SSilSilS ssl 1 IslSSSS iilli 'im i infill ** ~ -r saSiBqo poxxj r* i ilaSsia 111 i SlilSls Islll j j cfg oWJjf S9IJIAIJ0B ajBUtpJOOO PUB S9touo3b AiBqpmy CO IlsiSlla 111 a SlllSSI IS518 gj- a”=rfa‘s s»g" "g-'a’s jtrejd j o oouBnajaiBj^ iisgiiii liiiisiiiii tfsf55 rf 222S2 ^nBjdjouoijBJado SsslISli SIS1IS111SS §1111 s 8g8S>f§?85 uoijotujsni eo alllllSS 111 S ISlilSl 11111 imam m 1 rntm JOJJUOO JBJ9U9£) N SIlsSsll lal i sslllll §1111 asa a' a‘=aasaa 2‘?Cs‘ss‘ - Illinois— Continued. Berwyn: District No. 98... District No. 100.. Bloomington . Cicero - - Danville . . Decatur _ East St. Louis . Elgin . . . Evanston: District No. 75... District No. 76... Joliet . Maywood 1 Melrose Park/ - Moline _ Oak Park. . Quincy Rockford _ Rock Island _ Springfield . Waukegan - - Indiana: Anderson _ _ East Chicago _ Elkhart . Hammond . . Kokomo . CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 §3s gi 1 *9 §11 33 f-H i-T r-T lo" lssIllll2sl§ISlislll nn^nh^hnVww^xV®«nnn« Ss eIsIs lOtC r-T oT iO cc ■<«* *mr 1 Is III §s!rI IS I !»S 1 1 1 1 i ; : : : gllsSSI=lsIlSl§glll3 II lllsl - -H ^ -T iOMMrt imsss ft ill'll SBg S1SSS EsIllSsIlliSIllllsi! ftiftftiftftftftftft ITT II I IIS SS iii m r-T HN sis ssiis 15 g m 51 i il ; cocfco ago 0 OOMN «« «0 j;g j ! i i i ill is! r s i 204 7, 421 191, 193 50,370 5,744 641 112, 804 80,999 10, 126 30, 531 in mil §i § i§§ ii iiiiiiiiiiiii sfi?£ gSSSg tf S2§ j| tfgfggtf ££££££££ r 00(N Tj*#«S (siBqop jo spuBsnoqj) spnnj SuntuisttijunouiY :g ; ; ; ; § n ;a (sjBqop jo spausnoqj) 2ai -puBjsjno spuoq looqog 2 1,872 SsSS ’1 ill S 1 11 I11SIIS NM NH CO wVctNNrt'M sojnjipnodxo jbjoj pubjq 2 $1,226,474 1, 186, 260 1,131,878 1,469, 605 615, 681 1, 325, 342 905, 286 289, 978 425, 335 978, 608 701, 839 701, 003 1, 334, 650 943, 940 472, 596 1, 148, 298 3, 468, 015 1,000, 291 1, 073, 404 1, 503, 304 1, 434, 150 1, 174, 799 ■£BpjnO {BJldBQ $37, 849 25, 224 11,459 80, 551 5, 688 60, 160 e 558, 147 2, 777 16, 627 19, 325 5, 605 71, 556 9,395 670 1,269 897, 369 12, 548 8, 480 4,924 DEBT SERVICE eoiAjas jqap iaqjo qy 1 s' ft 193, 154 179, 177 46, 000 150, 000 63, 000 28, 085 62, 071 30, 119 77, 165 23, 000 134, 517 141, 944 93, 000 138, 500 125, 000 189, 991 129, 928 121, 507 131, 940 jsaiajui £5 S 1 Sill il IIS I I Ii illllsl s'i's's is? sis' «' S' S3 is"3‘§g'§'g sjooqos laurams $1, 660 i i i i O' i »l OO W *—( i 1^ * i i C* i— i i i ii i i i i i 05 i €/*■ 0s* i i »— i ii ' i i •' i i i i i i ii ii i i i ii i i i i i i ii ii i i i >i i i i i i i CURRENT EXPENSES, FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS IBJOJ, QO B A, ATIS,, U, 789, 294 981, 869 543, 598 1, 046, 366 282,919 221, 810 301, 102 832, 853 549, 994 598, 207 1, 010, 207 754, 681 363, 199 1, 137, 919 2, 225, 687 760, 975 755, 855 1, 224, 688 1, 159, 854 850, 547 saSJBqo paxij $12, 263 4,424 11, 125 10, 668 6, 265 9, 459 4, 268 3,917 4, 142 3,850 9, 614 5, 245 7, 372 16, 545 14, 444 14, 430 1,297 6, 217 2, 924 8, 552 3, 161 13,412 SaiJTAtJOB ejBuipiooo pun saiouaSB Aiuqixny - $106, 117 68, 563 94, 584 19, 750 17, 524 58, 401 1,858 2, 205 6, 543 19, 801 3, 084 15, 246 28, 247 24, 521 17, 550 22, 421 73, 097 29, 025 33, 478 29, 763 46, 314 15, 693 JHB[d j o aonBnajntBjY - $35, 194 52, 652 28, 687 51, 403 14,817 28,484 10, 390 6,543 18, 862 36, 210 15, 690 22, 836 50, 525 39, 318 1,606 40, 719 133, 092 28, 427 8,415 47, 185 20, 439 25, 198 juejd jo noijBiado slSilS il SIS I 1 Si ilSSsil ■ SfS'SR'S s'sC sg's s' s' s'* s'i's's'i's's uoijomjsui e* $664, 268 844, 919 528, 307 710,715 412, 160 773, 621 241, 394 175, 922 216, 749 625, 943 434, 182 446, 075 712, 685 582, 488 278, 117 894, 865 1, 714, 385 586, 562 601, 235 990, 590 885, 670 671,277 jojjnoo jBJanaf) w $36, 767 36, 057 25, 367 28, 382 15, 732 26, 931 7, 418 9,415 12, 328 24, 446 17, 890 18,871 47, 570 22, 618 8, 461 37, 925 44, 552 17, 126 21, 684 41, 924 46, 339 26, 263 City - Michigan— Continued. Kalamazoo—— jjansmg _ Muskegon . . . Pontiac _ _ - Port Huron . . Saginaw . . . Mississippi: Jackson... . Meridian . . Missouri: Joplin . St. Joseph _ Springfield - Montana: Butte _ Nebraska: Lincoln. . . . New Hampshire: Manchester _ Nashua _ New Jersey: Atlantic City . Bayonne - - Bloomfield— . Clifton . - East Orange - Hoboken . Irvington. . . CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 00 123338831*1 11*881822833 1*12 2883118 311*1833* nV«nNnel«o>‘« M-«5n>Waa(NH® 'mV=l§131 IsllBliisgEs ills 1*9183128 ed.d«cd^d j i odedid— --^'idid^'cdaooiac in •: id® 00 ; illlSlSsels SIIIrIIsISIs slllii'lglli lilE'lliilSiS « ~ r-T - 1 i: >H J3£& dc-soo" II II’ := !5> §J die w* 1*t U ^ II mil !iiiii|i!iii ipiitii i lills l“c|s a'lsl = Jl£ jsgill CH !§fla:11ll 1 3 iS-Sfsr .. ® she g I Its completion of H of the project. Table 5. — EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36- 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 o I fc o £ & P-. o Ph I 8 g i s? O a & a PM £> O PS o (sjBqop jo spuBsnoqj) Ajaadojd jooqos jo anjBA £ sSs§3§ 1 83SS93S9S SSBSSIES o« NV‘®®®®V«V«NW«^w«V®wioV*V illlllllllllfpS liiiilJiiilJiflllliiili! 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 Table 5.— EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued (siBqop jo spuBsnoqj) ^jiadoid jooqas jo anjBA $5 Isi IHSisS ssifliislslsllsl - -r r-r rfc* -tuseotC^T ooe««HV«9®«oin«VMfi juBidjonotjBiado 8S3 18111 ISslIsslIsISslIS gsa ass's's; uoijonjjsui 111 11331 331Sa833Si331S8S |i§ mm mmmmmmiws loijnoo IBJ9U9£) w SsS §1313 salHS 1 la si i as si 1 cojgio- c • ■ ■ < • : ; : : : | : : ! ::::::::::::: ::::::::::::: 3 i i i i il i •: i i i • • i i ; • ! ; i ||jj j cf i ; S i j i i i i i i ; ; i i ! i i i 5 J i 1 1 5 i i 1 ! 1 i • i i : : : i i ■ i i i i Sillslsll IS 1§§~ IllllSli iiSlSli IllsSSSSlISIS gggBggsls || sfa&s la'laggsg sssssfR’s 8§g2gg$sgl§§§' 2, 042 1,645 12, 950 815 ""i’ise 1, 796 822 2, 240 4, 164 3,110 1, 230 57 «§ i§ ed ;«d 382 4, 722 552 495 2, 767 10, 268 3, 094 1,235 1, 146 4, 486 1,947 512 190 3.514 4,635 1,363 1,090 3, 170 8 2, 628 9 850 0 732 9 382 5 47 6 40 8 301 8 _ _ 5 856 6 7, 514 5 31, 388 7 4,309 2 1, 241 9 839 1 340 7 _ 3 454 0 4,310 4 26 3 9, 786 7 2, 477 7 1, 599 2 2, 567 4 1,715 3 2, 284 4 3, 538 1 1,762 9 3, 537 9 1,440 7 997 6 1,753 4 1,912 2 1. 235 8 2,002 4 1, 283 0 891 1 2, 505 1 603 5 3, 034 3 1,630 7 4, 331 D 1,452 3 4, 100 Isislsisg II s§65 SsliiSII illllss HIlElilllgll NM®H«rjfHH CO rfo Of cf rHOCO-fefcf NWCNNNH cd «d ^OOt^rfid to cd CO cf glslslssl si Ill! Ililgsli =111111 IIIEIsssbISII usofoftCcJtCeo.NuS- ©£ « © of od od^jHNOoo^w rH»o|gefod£ ^ jdgf* cdootd 00U5 joeo sglSssall II llsl lilillgi Ifiiessl IlllSSisSSSIl ||gS|§5§§§ S3 SSgS S38fe|fSSf| SSEjjfsgg SS|3|gS§|feS§§§ Islillall ks S1IS 1SS61111 USUIS sllillssIsEIg cdt'f'o*o* CM* SOIJIAIJOB OJBUJPJOOO PUB s9iouo3b Aaeqixny O IsSlill !Ssl i iilSSSSIilSESI rH hNhxJn NNWti \rfo » O* CONHHHH -4 1 i JUBjd J O QOUBUOJUIBjy ISasilS llSslllgSillssslSIS ** -4 io oo* r4 oo* oo* -r -r ^or *f- -jw -? r-r -f IS 8 : ^s-sss Is"~ : : : : : : : i | s§ m% iSIlslSisigi IlSIlillllSIllSiS Saalllal! Il m m tmmmm mMmmmmm $&*&&* §5 II 511 ISlSsili ilil isislslsl ilSsli 15 IllSilSgg S§ ®~of rfco'cT © oo oToooo* 1-fooN* 1 oc tfoo « ec oTtCg I of m^no ©-*h _ ~ i I _ I i _ """" II III iillilliiill glllSilllSIlllSII lllilg igl 11 sis' Isis' ss?f-23as2S3g sss-s3g«s'2sss?:'8sa s^-g is-»- $$ II ell §§illslglSsl 131 iSSSgglllllllS IsISIIlii II ss »'-g s-s'2”22'ss‘s-‘83 sa« is^'s'isiSs'-s's's ”2‘s as' !i ii jrf ! ; ii 1 |3 | i i i j i i i i : i is i i i : *,rf ! : il !§!!:! : : j-f i : iiiiiii i i |8 || i il i i SSI j i ii ii : ! ! 40 342 i •;§§ iii i : : :_r : i i i i Mi! : : : : iiiiiii ii ::::::: : : ::::::: : : : : : : i j j j Ip 8 ........ 6 . 8 846 3 . . «•©© j i JC35 0?OW05< ; j j 1 i i j j :::::::: i i i : M M N CQ ^ > iiiiiii i i iiiiiii ii o©©-.©©~ ©a §§ m sW~'sS§gSMf SMlSSSIllSS's'l'Sil gWa'sSgs' |s §1 sis salaglilgsSg © © rfofeo rn ^•‘orrH^w^oroi'r-r^r RlilllsSBllSIsll SsilSISss SI ©'of©- r-r^roofcc-r-r^-Tfor^- ©-of « of eoV-r ofr-r SI SIS IssalsssISsl liiSilsIalssKSSII iSSHISlS 1 i ©co ©-^•'tC ^^'co'^'^'^co''tCtCeo'-rco’' co" co- co © of of - 1 CO iii ii t'— cn i oo i i 1 03 III i iNi- ( 1 o 1 1 1 CO iii ii iio • i iCl | i ji i ill ! sjooqos uoij -Bnutjuoo puB eiiiii-jjB,! iii i i 1 i rH i i i i iii i i i i O i i i i ill 1 1 1 rH 1 rH 1 1 1 1 ill ill 00 1 00 llll ill ill i iiii III III i iiii lit iii i iiii 9IT ‘I CURRENT EXPENSES, FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS PIOJ, ao Slslllls sISSIslSllglKlIlIIl mmm s33ifiissi's§iiggisi seSiBqo paxiji mu M-Tasinampion.. _ Fairhaven _ _ Framingham Gardner _ _ Gloucester _ _ Greenfield . . Leominster . . Marlboro _ _ Melrose . . CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 SISiS§SllglSSSSSlsSS|3|gg W-HT oo of o o <» »o i> <» iC oo of co oo - 2 of 1933-34. Table 5.— EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36- Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 (sjBqop jo spuBsnoqj) Ajiadoid jooqos jo erqBA ae> OHOTfM^OO^OCOH OrtHiCOOOOOOOlO cot^oo c§2?5r2r^§5§£2S2ao oSco^^8§8§So CO i-JVT^H COHHHHCOH rH (s-reqop jo spuesnoqj) spunj Suiqnis ui junomy £ i i CO • i II II i i i i iO i i i i CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! Hi j i ! i 1 1 (sjopop jo spuBsnoqj) 3ui -puejsjno spuoq jooqog CD lOC'iCO INCOG O O ^ CO O H CS 05 Cl Tt< OiOMCH o co co co OO IO - I 1 • i OO ill 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 ^ 1 1 1 I III ;g i i sessBp UOIJBZIUBOI -leaiy pne spoqos jqSiN 2 i P3 1 ill i iii i i iii i 1*0 • 1 N III i . D* i « iO ciooo-Tr>rco »o co »o co wioco C4 C* CO t-H 05 CO ^ co CO 1-H rH noipnjjsui co Isl ilS§§!Sssis IsSIssggill nVo" oTcf»codco’'i-rorcft>rooo oT to- r©‘oo moTto© ©t-Tcoiot-Too City - Michigan— Continued. Traverse City . Wyandotte 1 . Ypsilanti . . . Minnesota: Albert Lea . Austin . Brainerd . Hibbing . . Mankato . Rochester _ _ St. Cloud . . South St. Paul . Virginia 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 1 1 I * 1 1 1 ' ' 1 Jfj|!f 'If III! ^«P500C Greenwood 1 . Gulfport . Hattiesburg - - Laurel . . MeComh Natchez . Vicksburg . CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 iSSlSSiSisS 838IS IsSISl § Siillls! ; iss00 :s i i §iSi!Ssis§g§§ cf cNr-r nh eo sl^ 3 i : : 8s IligggSISIS S3S39 S8SS3S I ISSS^g ; §Sigl=lgf§l3§ -r ,-r a "iisllggi' S liiS'tflll illleSsSIssil isiiis'essiisg lEPUPiaf iiSIISSS's'lS mm SSsli Issggs Sg'SliS's 6,362 256, 352 8, 129 4,739 4, 199 20, 163 1,535 1,757 573 135, 969 21,421 34, 999 20, 532 5,782 142, 325 2, 580 7, 326 185,893 728 2,820 70, 710 433 50, 014 5, 353 6,810 84, 627 3,808 893 350 54,466 7,432 5,403 594 1,735 S3 i t>T A 1 24, 181 2,418 31,000 43, 196 29, 000 104, 091 26, 000 16, 000 44, 055 97, 121 64, 000 7. 500 63, 000 85, 767 56, 247 7, 000 10, 018 23, 570 31, 000 33, 212 13, 000 12,633 31, 548 51, 000 23, 500 23, 000 12, 000 9. 500 11,250 20,000 giiiiiisissii »3s&'ss‘as‘s§s‘a§ iiiiiiigggi isiis s§igii i isiiSsi ssgsasa^ass “assss s sa^a s‘ s-as^'-sf j •llSsiglslI§8 i ; i i i i i i i i i : i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ! i ; ! : ; : : : ; : : i ; : :::::::::: : : : : : :::::: : ::::::: Mil : : : : i t>» l « i !| i i i i : i i i : is i i” !!!!!!!!!!! i i i i i i ii i i i i i Mi; iiMH i i 002 ‘I SIT ! iiiilimi ! ii i; i ; : : : : : : : : : ; ii i i« nmimn WHOINN(N^OC5 01H IT. i : i i i : i i i i i i | ; j : j ; ; : : ; j j i j j 1 r- CO TJ1 rt< © || : : : : | j ; | j j i j ii 13)10 SSifiSISSSsl I'lllS SSSSIl § SSSSSSiS iiis|g||-g|g§-8 mrnsmm rtVTtffcJW ^‘hnW liilf lilSal rH r-T (N CS tH T 2 llSgill§S2Kll eoeo^efofVcf^-V -TV Sllssl ilalS sSlig I1S1§§ 1 IllsSIIS IlllgllggllSS »>o Ww%h w“ £ sSl'illSSSsI gills iSial! TiSiSIggi lg|gI§S§IIIf| WTtfo : uSVo ©©©rC tC ,*© oT©‘ t> «o®‘ co VoVcoV-'-'oootoNVoo 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 5.— EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued (sieqop jo spuBsnoqj) AjaadoJd jooqos jo an[BA 2 is Sell Isl IS ISsllSgSlilSg H HM ri H 2 $246, 731 255, 996 434, 952 689, 945 310,622 405,892 392, 114 233, 265 409, 708 301, 391 542, 493 351, 234 343, 583 238, 724 309, 871 304, 293 309, 758 506, 007 333,060 370, 942 239, 044 488, 393 943, 361 393, 112 ABJjnO JBJldBQ 2 ;! iiii si i S i i ilS S !g !l ill i ■ -Tootfef co‘ ! rf \ 1 l^VT ! ! DEBT SERVICE aoiAjas jqap iaqjo qy 2 II Ills 111 II si iglSllllgll £‘8 S'883 gss gts sa isslsssfi'ss's jsaiajni 2 II Ills 111 II S13f||||S|l|| S3 ssss rn ssss'ssySsss'SR sjooqos jatnmng 2 11 i i i i iii ii i i i i i i i i i i o • • 11 i i 1 1 III II i i i i i i I i 1 i ■ • • 1 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 l ZD 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 III l| 1 1 l 1 1 | 1 l l 1 II ' 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 11 l I i I III ii l i I i l I | i I I II S3SSBJD UOIJBZinBOI -jam V puB sjooqos jqSjN ® 1 • i i 1 1 III II 1 1 I 00 I I I I 1 I C** » 1 ' ' 1 l l l III || 1 1 1 CO l I 1 1 1 i t>» 1 • I 1 i i 1 i .III II i i 1 o > 1 1 • 1 1 <1 II 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 „ 1 1 1 1 1 1 II • • till ill II i i i Cl i i i i i i II 11 i i i i iii ii i i i i i i i i i ii | J Jill ill ii iii i i i i i i || spoqos uoij -Bnnijuoo puB etnij-jied - •1 i i i i iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 ' i i i i iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i iiii iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i > • iiii iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i I i iiii iii ii I i i i i i i i i i i i i ii iiii iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i ■' iiii iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i II iiii iii ii i i i i i i i i i i i i i CURRENT EXPENSES, FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS PUoj, 00 11 SBI 111 II sIssIbIIIIIsI fS sfa§ Ii iiii¥S¥§¥l¥la saSieqo paxij - m ISIS Isi ii IlSgllliiisB i > o - New Jersey— Contd. Harrison _ Hawthorne _ Hillside, (P. O., Elizabeth) _ Linden _ Lodi . . . Long Branch . . . Lyndhurst (P. O., Rutherford) _ Millville... . Morristown . . Neptune (P. O., (Ocean Grove) _ Nutley . . . Pensauken (P. O., Merchantville) _ Phillipshnrg Pleasantville _ Rahway _ _ Red Bank . Ridgefield Park. . Ridgewood _ Roselle... . . Rutherford. . . South River _ Summit _ Teaneck Union _ CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 issss 111 rH ssa rH §8§iig§g§l§sl§iilii l-TcCrHcC rt NH CO^rH* r-T .-T O' i-T >~r i-T _T lgSs§ HffH ITis iirwiMismuiiiiis imr rH rtT sis »as Issll 111 111 Islllf llalilSli 5§sg~ KSS sal &a'8SSSS2‘SSS|gaS ISilS SS5S8S Sll ciS’S 8Soi‘ lllSilsgilliillg 2 £:$53WSs3 & S£SS§ 2 2 ' ®“ SlllsSIllSSsIgSsSlS gsss'g saasfgssssg-a-s j j i i li ; : i i i : ! : i i i ! ! ill if jeivr i i ii i j’-r j i S j § _r ig i jeo j i i ii rH^H § ; s j j rH‘‘ i j |S i I ; ; 2, 578 2,580 793 3 : * i 2, 309 573 g rtT iisl rH'cO- jS i58 i jto- j g 1 i— i i si j : i ; : i j i : ! j j : i i t j j | j | i i js j ! i i ! i i iS jo ; j ig j^r liiii 111 III §SS'§r ISS SSI' 1 1 i g ;siSl§lSS§51slI151a iSSSI3IS§'l'l¥lS'l'fli¥ sissl 111 ISs gisISIsiglsSI ill eo^rfcoco tfeoJ goTjC - gftfag ^oTto gg j « of *-"gf 2 2 g g g<*g 2 £<*£ g<*g 2 S 3 IIS12 sfastfsT nr eor-Tf-T §11 IsSsiSgSlaSlsgig ccoor-T ^eo ■o't^'rt'co'rotCoogj'ui t^o co too SISESBSSS&gSSgaSSli aii§r 113 om>‘ IslIliSIslSsll ^MOON*HOVWHMWV^NO^ TE^r iiSSiilllSSSlilSiia eo-jo n«? jg- oomX' oToo- nnw*. oeo glsll SIS 111 Slilsiilsasllill SfSSSSg 3S2~ 22gf SsllSiassslIsIllSsi S' 8 SS 8? 8S 3 ■ 3 i§ S“ 2 2 g§ & 8f 8 8 53 £ Sllsl Isa Sis slllllfSIlgalSsI IllllSIISlIallllSSI i Salll" I"S88' g'S's SsagllsSISSIlsSr sllgWSSSslSSWsla" I £ §1111 ala ill SllllSSiSIssalig llllSSSIlSIllllsISI 1 Mtoooooj-J ^ o' ^Vo oi" oo sd'o'.-Tco' ofod t^"od t-Tt^ o' oo o o co oi o't^'t^'co'ooe'fos o os' o' oT oo © .S2 Data given here include high-school data for 1933-34. T able 5.— EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36- 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 fc o £ < p Ph o Ph § CT> 8 o E-1 1 o O Ph P o O (siBqop jo spuBsnoqj) Ajaodojd jooqos jo enjBA s IlSslgSllllS !§ilil§li3il! rH%He®“ CO CS 1—T 1-4 rS ^ (sjBjjop jo spuBsnoqj) spunj 3mquis ui junotny i ••»•»•••••• 1 1 lO I i-H 1 l rH 1 l l • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CO ‘ *0 ■ • r-H 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 1 1 II 1 II III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 II III (sjBpop jo spuBsnoqj) 3ni -puBjsjno spuoq jooqog CO saasiisasEsa zzmmm sss 03 T— 1 r-H f-H ai 1 sojnjtpuodxo jbjoj puBJ*) 2 ssssiasiiiis ssaiaasisssgB |lS5iSSfl’lis §'=Sls's‘-Ss'='§§S ABpno jBjidBO 2 I ils!iisisl“ gslalllslslls « : o coa?*i'Ocot6aSQ?~T*'o JOB[d JO UOIJBJ9dO lSSlilsSi=lll sslslBsSSlRlg UOIJOIUJSUI eo iiBSsiiiiSsi aaisasssaaiia pssmeiliS IOJJUOO IBI9U9Q N SlSisSIilllS IlssSssisslll oo^o'cofflrHtCt^arjoco'jH co eo o 5 - New York— Continued. Oswego . . .ueeKSKiii _ _ Pelham . Plattsburg - - Port Chester . Rensselaer Rockville Center.... Saratoga Springs . Tonawanda . . Valley Stream » . Watervliet. . North Carolina: Concord . . Elizabeth City . Fayetteville . . Gastonia . Goldsboro _ Kinston . Newbern . Rocky Mount - Salisbury . . Shelby . Statesville _ _ : : : : | i l! CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 Ii§§ sllSIglSSIIIlsilS -* -• -* cSd~ ~ litsIsIlSSS Sill IIIIS ^r^r-T ,-Tef ,-T r-T *5VJ ?TW IMS SSSllSSmillflM slllsiSill III! fill 28SSS CO CO C* CO CO ISS! ISSlllsSilsIisili Ilia SaslfsgSlSIs'1'gaaf Silsslllls fss'illssls ISili mm IISS 11 i il ills illS ill li iiisiiii il il Sli i i <*vr.o-cf cnT-t : I of ; ^vt-t i i i ! «c T;c O* ;-‘s? ~ i i &^-®^2§ «« ioo- tk«v : j fill Siiilislllilialll SfSS‘8 8fS“3 §33 2 15 3 2 5 S 8 2 ? S 3 1111 IsISIIIIlllSlIlll s'“s"!: ssSssHs'aga^gs^sa^s fs§»ss§^ss sss'fi gs's&gf MM 8222“ §llli 8S2S3 SSssleSIll S3SS22K = ;a' »C lO i i i i i : 1,213 j i ! i | f 555 j i i i : ; : : c r. ~ - I _ 0 5, 019 6 . . = - CN' i j i §l?:s IMSsIlMSa'Siiila ISSS'sSWS ISsl ISssI Mioisisfsisiiiisisr us" ps os' os' psio"-«3''>o'«op5i'-‘'oodps«£f^H'adcf©''s:'<£r III :s§ i 1111 Si vccTiO^o leo*^ ! of oo us~ ps us-*V*Tef IsiliiiiiOigi" Mill IMTHSIisUsSISIIIIl «ot>Tps*o us efus'of of o -r‘ r-f -T •* us* to of -T oc •c oftC^w e>iV -r ps% rps'^'us- -r<*v mm iisiiig§iiiigi§i§ mrnmm ns sin N®mV aTo® — K oT TP* tjT 50 PS oo" — Tf" of l«f oo" US PS 'tVoV CO* US 1C cs'cT— ‘ I1§1 slIUSSSIIsBKlgil sSalsllSIS less IIIIS 2SSS aaggassssEissssssaa sssgssssgass s?ig2 ssgcg iisi giisRisisigiiisig mmnmm mm mu gS§2 fSRggSg‘|SSg§-|SS|S SgSggSgSSS SgS| 33S3S Sail sSielfsslliSglllls illlisllll §111 sISSS lo'o’oo'i'' ^jcs'ast^'ps‘'«'‘t^o‘!c»c'osod>o>oo«oe^' psict'fcfscofcfcrr'fus' o’c’n’o' of r-T « co tt" 18 Only high-school data reported. Data given here include the two elementary districts reported in 1933-34. Table 5.— EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 (siBjjop jo spuBsnoqj) ^jjodojd jooqos jo oujba glllsilsIISig SsEsi ssslSSll ,-r ,-r r-Tr-T _r (SJBjjop jo spuBsnoqj) ^ spnnj 3ui5jnis m junouiy ^ §88 ; !3§ ; §gS3 (siejjop jo spuBsnoqj) 2m -puBisjno spuoq jooqog ISSIlSSilsSSs Hiss lilsgisi sslslllllsllg IISsl ilgSSIsS irnmumm mmm somjipuodxo jbjoj pubjq ABJjno JBJldBQ IsSSIS- 2SS1IS §SSIi iss lliaSiSgSliiS g&szfs'sT4, illcsi ii gSSSS'2 jo5 i 90 I A JOS jqap ioqjo nv liiir HS32S2 SSS'iill! *8 sis 8 ^5" IsssliSS sSsssfass ^sojejuj liSS isiii sjooqos jommng ; : : : : S9SSBJO UOIJBZinBOI -jamy pun sjooqos jq2ijq 111 S""" sjooqos non -Bnuijuoo pun omij-jaBj siligggslllgg I'sSSsSisSSSSl 1SISI SSIlslII gis'ii mam FUOJ, sgiii iiisisss cococow o^oceo^uJ-^^ soSjBqo poxj j SlgliSlsRllll I il liaSi Illllsgi r.r j co" ^Two.-h N^oVwVc feo S9IJIAJJ0B ajBnipaooo pnB soiouoSb ^jBjjixny llllsi il H WwV-TcO IcO 81111 lillssSl aoco' QO'co'i^'t)?co'»^'t)5'^-i JHBjd jo oouBnojniBjy SBSlllSgglSsK II51S sSg§Bi51 jnBjd jo noijBjodo RSsilllllSsig 3 S 8 5 S 3=8 S? 3 ' »‘S"of noijonajsui jojjuoo jBjonoo IlisesslSISss gjf gS|8S|SSSUS -¥«§! SlIsSSl'S iRSsIlSllsggl oaooooo«jHO«ffloV Issll SSSsliSI ® ® •> £ £ S^d'S00^ CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 SSlS§lBlslail§S8ll Of ofof SSI381SIS i— r r-r 1 I i8iil§iiggS§S§8 r-T r-frH of of HH r-T^f-T g§ ; ; 3 :Ns ;s : ;g 8 !S 8S2S j :s2g :s$g s I lilgsSSesSISssl sSlll!IHS8sS§l!Ss §§§iSSsii I 1 Slaglslllsglsif iaSis'l'S'll' 1' § RlSWlllSISsSIS Eli Slllllgfs rHCC gOO tC«J00of § § 1 a S ggglglsiislg” SlilglslIISill H-atfcV i' 5allslsIliSlsli8!l is-s'sgss^s^gaas^’s’s sliiligli S I IlgiillllsllISs s'SSs'g'St~'R'S s s' ssssssSsaSs'i's's's ISIlSEsssHIslals! S"'s'saS-'SSss'S™'s'-'s'sS llliSilSI I I SlsilillSiSills S-Sssa gs s' a SSSs'^asS-'-s'sKSs' p ! 1 ; i ; i ;i j | j : : : : g ::::::: : : ! : i « : : ; : ; : : : : ; : : ; i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiii i | ~ | ; j ; ; ; j ; ; i j i j i I j i j i i i j j i ii | i i i i I i i isl i i i 098 989 919 ** j j i j j j j : j j : j i j ; j j j In j j j i : i i i i i i i i MM j j j | j i j ; j j j ; 1 i i i j i i | j | i i i j S i i i j i S i j i i i i i i i i sIISSIsISIrII; \%m siSSSIIiS fi S llssSIsIsgli^sS $ s mmmmmmi ISIslil ilSIggsiil i J ooco of o-^fo-of co-rtf ; lislSSsss g § SlgllsSlSiSlgli od" r-f of ©cft-foo" of -^tf eo~ eo co'o'io go'o t-fo o' oft-f co -"af of o' c? allE iissSSSSSlgiil slsssSSIg co-f«>rof j of eoVfeo oo* «r o' -To' of nf eo o' oo* co t> o’" V V co I S slallllisSssaii of S’ M^^^'^NtfcOOW^OoVoO sgsSglisSIlslgiHl IslSSS iSS ood'ofw^'o' j o' of g 1 slSillliiiillSg oo oo rfof^o^o^wwooooofo^M iiiMimsiiiiiifr Ss's s' s' s' a' s' a s' s' s' s' s'“ s' s s llllsigsg a'Sss'ass'ss g s EIsliSilsEilgsl s' s' Sss'SSSss'ss's'Ss'SS liSssisiiallSillsI SglllSHIS s S ssiSSlslllliisI ^fSllasl¥iWs=§‘g‘ gSglss'SSg' I * 1 g s g § I* s’ s § I" s § a s' s SisisllISlIIIISllS ilsslslis I i slslsllilllilll oV“^00OVHfflO«O«NMffl®MN WO> Cj £VhVT ^Wof g£ 3 gf 2 d'SS'S^ 2 S“S‘ 22 g$2S Table 5. — EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36- Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 (siBqop jo spuBsnoqi) Aj.i9do.id jooqos jo enpA 3 i gsiiiiissiiiis liisiiiiiis r-T ^-T rJ ^*r-T r^-T r-Tr-T (sjBqop jo spuBsnoqj) spunj Smqnis ui junomy s j ;s ;3 ;§ :s *■ : i i i i i i : i i i (sJBqopjo spuBsnoqj) 3m - Pubis jno spnoq jooqog o § glSgsllISlsl-I SSsssIiagSi rH rH* saanjipuadxa ibjoj pubiq a $419, 015 386, 235 361, 101 320, 544 237, 778 226, 800 336, 554 389, 919 299, 593 417, 665 470, 540 306, 094 493, 027 288. 522 218, 821 241,491 287, 400 420. 094 240, 053 184. 141 361, 234 350, 254 189. 971 358, 910 456, 801 270, 175 Anijno lejtdeo a $1, 348 45, 173 3,116 10, 101 5, 011 5, 435 4, 480 23, 213 51, 488 27, 775 1,270 2, 253 2, 732 7, 494 ""*"2*654 1,612 3. 133 2, 379 85, 231 ’"’2." 950 27, 598 10, 405 105, 590 DEBT SERVICE 09IAI9S iqep iaqjo qy 2 1 islssflsslllis SSS8S133S1S f ffSSSSggSS'SKSSS SSS'S'SSSfS'SSSi JS9I9JUI 2 5 ISIIigllSSSllS SIsISISSIss g sf^'^sssggsfsa s3s§'sg‘2s‘=s’s-'' sjooqos jomumg a $900 iiiiiii!! sossbjo uoTjBzraeot -jaray pan spoqos lq3|M o |>- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 0 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 l » » 1 o> » • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 d 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :::::: s : ; mini! spoqos notj -Bnmjuoo pun annj-jJBj e> i i i i i i : : i : i i i : i i i i i i i i i i i i : :::::::::::::: ::::::::::: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 CURRENT EXPENSES, FULL-TIME DAY SCHOOLS Wojl GO $330, 745 283, 362 305, 819 211,229 187, 139 165, 641 254, 917 258, 482 228, 030 271, 625 362, 063 230, 866 373, 525 259, 078 182, 206 168. 351 247, 557 221, 180 173. 693 156, 084 189, 218 264, 773 150.694 238, 193 354, 579 137, 244 saSanqo paxij 1 ^sl^siislsisii ^ ®VnVo®hVnon»h® ^«^^wo?eeVco S9IJIATJ0B 91BUipJOOo' PUB S9I0U93B AJBJlpmy » g SSilllSIsIslfl IsillgSlIll CO M O CO H nVm JUBjd J 0 90UBU9}niBjy 5 SiBSSlSIlggill SllSliSipi co Mwcoco'Ocoodefr-Ht'tC »o tCoi'o^^t-roi'eoo'i-t inBjd jo noijBJ9do g lisslllilsisSI i§Slss§8 Sis g 5: £ 2 3 g" 8 % S 3 S 8 S £ £ uotpnjjsui e* 1 gSSIliillSSIll IsSlisIlISs | sSg'ISS'5S§SWg'g SSSSl“s5lll JOJinOO [BJ9U0£) N City - Pennsylvania— Contd. New Kensington . North Braddock (P. 0., Braddock) _ Oil City _ Old Forge . Olyphant _ Phoenixville . . Pittston . Plains.. . . Plymouth . Pottstown . Pottsville . Shamokin _ Sharon . Shenandoah.. . . Steelton . Stowe (P. O., McKees Rocks).. . Sunburv Swissvale _ Tam aqua . Taylor . . . Turtle Creek . Uniontown . Vandergrift . . Warren _ _ Washington.. . Waynesboro . CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 21 II II i§ g 1=1 sllllsl E1S1S 1811 SlssISlisll I « - - H -PH* - CH - “ - - rH --- :s i j ;8 I* | i jl i*m* * ! ;S ! M; 294 1,890 1 §s i s iii HIIsIeI IsslS llll *• ~ * ■ uvv 841 346 879 236 1, 104 963 267 166 664 1,030 gg 1 2 Is is 8 111 IIbIIsI ISIS! g|gg IlSSilllgll § m §i si m s' m mmm && s gg ^ g§ !i 8 SS ! BSSSISS Hli! ill! gS^BSSSSSi §§- ^ rf r g i j o c-co ! i i 57, 527 92, 556 II ii II !S I ill il *tf i- SS is d 5§§S3 '4 i S - i 162,000 5 is ills! 1 i i i igg f jsf siAsgaf j j ; isr 36, 600 17, 764 12, 265 10, 000 5,600 i i 1 i i s' i ; ii ii ii i iss sasssss mu ieii saasssgs -SS is \g * *£* SSSSSSS SfS&S* i : 2 8, 300 32, 994 42, 976 £ : : ; i ! i ii i ii i iii i !!! i ; : : : i i i ; : i : i iii i i iii: : :-' Ss II iriroil glsiiSg IliiS §S8l' ISsISIllgSi If s'l Eg SB S' g|| ll'glll's s‘s‘s|s' S'S'I'S §'S82"S‘B'gS'SSS'B SI S3 II 15 8 SIS lililSI Hill SSSi ilsSlllglSf 1 s' 3 16,5441 172,11 Table 5 —EXPENSES, OUTLAYS, AND OTHER PAYMENTS FROM CURRENT FUNDS, CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 (sJBqop J° spuBsnoqj) Xjiadojd jooqos jo onjBA. „ I ISSgliiilS!! 1 ils gllllisi ** 1 t-T r-H~ -T (siBqop jo spuBsnoqj) spun; Suiuiqs ui junoray i i i i 03 I i i l i I l i ii 00 i l i i i-H l i i i i i l i ii 00 l i ' i l i l i l i | i ii l 1 l l 1 l l l 1 1 1 I f | l 1 i l 1 l l l 1 1 1 | || (SJT3[[op jo spuBsnoqj) 2ui -puBjsjno spuoq jooqog C© sSIISilsssss 8 s§§ r i ii i i i iii! sojnjipuadxa jbjoj pubiq 2 IllsSsslslgl 1 Sis IsSsilll ps’lWIsafS f SfS §3§§M ABjjno jBjidno a $59, 213 1,439 18, 134 13, 187 2, 916 12, 658 267 32, 784 34, 313 5, 866 1,951 9, 352 36, 774 islliss jg” DEBT SERVICE 90IAJ9S jqgp ieqjo [JV s $17, 000 9, 000 48, 000 9,415 103, 000 2, 700 35, 079 32, 000 i 52, 500 13, 709 22, 633 20, 512 25, 000 25, 100 11 ; ilia iotjT , IfCcsT i i JS9J9JUJ 2 $56, 444 2 11,350 10, 500 25, 073 12, 375 48, 125 19, 820 22,941 25, 245 i 13, 866 28, 394 20, 327 2,901 22, 202 10, 552 11 i ;SS ! S3-' i is' ; i i i sjooqos jeraumg 3 i 1 i 1 i l i l l i l 1 l III i i i i i i i i l i i i i ill 1 l i i l l l l l l l 1 l ill l i i l i i i i l i l l i ill l i l l l i i l l l i l i lit i l i i l i i l i l i 1 i III 1 i l i i 1 l 1 1 i 1 • * III ! ; jjg i i ; “c4"tO rfTcftCro juBjd jo noijBjgdo -*** SclliSgliSII 1 SSI SllsSSSS joooooegooo«ro>oo“««og co h»« oTo uoijonjjsnj e* $195, 352 128, 792 88. 817 131,125 138, 900 213, 822 53, 207 132, 168 74, 854 119, 754 125, 046 205, 186 142, 474 96, 040 167, 496 117, 107 187, 077 114, 167 226, 948 102, 724 222, 565 62, 481 66, 143 89, 819 IOJJUOO IBJ9U90 N $17, 111 5, 821 9, 685 14, 960 6, 073 14, 689 5, 795 7,591 8, 610 5, 220 9, 668 8, 615 8,744 3,616 7, 365 5, 758 7, 431 5, 471 9, 977 2, 453 8, 006 4, 999 5, 038 6,117 City - Texas— Continued. Lubbock . Marshall . Palestine _ _ Pampa . Paris _ _ San Angelo . . .. San Benito. . Sherman _ _ Sweetwater _ Temple . . . Texarkana . Tyler . . . Utah: Provo.. . Vermont: Bar re _ Burlington. . Rutland _ _ Virginia: Alexandria... _ Charlottesville _ Danville . . Hopewell _ _ Petersburg _ ... Staunton . . Suffolk . . . Winchester . CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS Sllllsslli — H* i-If-T — llgsllgl! lillllll — ' --.-.-,-.4,4- ci -<4fi II -- £3° ; :£ : : : ; ; : s , i ! : : ii§3i£Ss8§ i SsSISS 1, 453 244 70 213 78 366 £ §1 iWl'S'fSlg 12'IS'ISIIS gSSSSsSl II iisiiiSsai 2as“2=s'st'‘s lililiiiir s's-ssSaaa'sss isISSIIlS inimr s-'^d^sf IF co i iislllS ifssfsfijsfs' i iallli !l s-grs'a'ris iff ir ss lillllll jhoo'^oo^'o^'c,' 6, 530 10, 598 14, 715 13, 962 22, 705 25, 777 65, 251 14, 215 3, 150 11, 430 3, 758 14, 643 17, 945 24, 610 40, 668 i ; i i : i i ill! s i CO i il i ! ; 1 g ii o' i 1 j S §§§ : os i-Tod Sail IN'ododo' | | 6,792 3, 956 3, 158 7, 337 4,495 1, 130 2,749 91, 718 i s 31, 479 25, 637 25, 619 63, 282 i | 9,206 20, 465 18, 951 25, 980 28, 237 iissiiiiii 1FI211SIS immi it m i in ii Miiniir oo^-^-tCccesr^-csr IfSilfir o' om IlllsSlllg 1SSIIIIII o'rjT-deo'oo'o't-'cdoo'o rd dNONNOM SISIkIs II cdi-T cod SSIaiilsIl ilsilllsl SlisllSi IS oT ctT o-~ o' --T co' ed o' o' o tjT o' *d ci o' o' ed tjT o'e^'o'Vw'cdos^' o td ilSIlgllll sISSIIIII lllsIsSI si sfsfsSsTsfsfff&'s'g ?‘jf§8ss'?'g'3s' s'aa’s’ssss' ss lilsslllsl IsllSilli IllSglll 6i ss^'sisssi iwiFiii m mmmm mwmm wmmm m ooo otCof to osodofcd rhtCcJodt^'t^’t^'otC tC o' tC o' o' co' r-T cd odes 49937-38- of 1933-34. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1935-36 being Chapter IV of Volume II of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1934-36 BULLETIN , 1937, No. 2 [advance pages] By HENRY G. BADGER Associate Specialist in Educational Statistics FREDERICK J. KELLY Chief, Division of Higher Education and WALTER J. GREENLEAF Specialist in Higher Education With the collaboration of other staff members as shown in footnotes UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 30 cents (complete edition) CONTENTS Page PART I. GENERAL FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS: List of text tables . vii Problem of compiling statistics of higher education . 1 Number and distribution of institutions reporting; Totals by States . 4 Professional schools by States . 4 Historical summary, 1900-1936... . 4 High-school and college enrollments . 7 Rise of the junior college . 8 Other trends . . . 8 Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36 . 9 Faculty . 9 Students, total enrollments...* . 11 Percentage of men and women students . 11 Number of freshmen . 14 Students in other types of courses.. . 17 Earned degrees . 17 Honorary degrees . 17 Finances, general summary . 17 Receipts : (a) From public funds . 18 (b) From student fees . 18 ( c ) From endowments . 18 (d) From gifts and grants . 18 (e) Nonsalaried service . 18 (f) Auxiliary enterprises and activities . 19 Comparisons of amounts of income from the several sources . 19 Expenditures : (a) Educational and general . 20 (b) Capital outlay . 20 Receipts for increase of permanent funds . 21 Property: (a) Library books . 21 (b) Buildings, grounds, and equipment . 21 (c) Endowment, annuity funds, loan funds, and other permanent funds . 21 Variations among States . 22 (a) Ratio of adults to college age youth . . 22 (b) The States with separate schools and colleges for Negroes. 22 (c) Students per thousand youth in the population . 22 (d) Public support of higher education . 25 (e) Expenditures of publicly controlled institutions . 26 (f) Expenditures in all institutions combined . 28 Ability to pay the costs of higher education . 29 (a) Accountable income . 29 (b) Federal income taxes paid . 29 (c) Relief funds . 29 iii CONTENTS Page PART II. SUMMARIES FOR THE UNITED STATES . 35 Table 1. Historical summary, 1900-1936 . 37 Part 1. Universities, colleges, professional schools, and jun¬ ior colleges . 37 Part 2. Teachers colleges and normal schools . 37 Table 2. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36, compared with 1933-34 . 38 Table 3. Financial data — totals for selected items, all institu¬ tions combined, 1935-36, compared with 1933-34 . 40 Part 1. Receipts . 40 Part 2. Expenditures . 41 Part 3. Property . 43 Table 4. Percentage analysis, 1935-36 . 44 Part 1. Receipts, educational and general . 44 Part 2. Expenditures, educational and general . 44 Part 3. Physical property and funds separately analyzed . 45 Part 4. All property held . 45 Part 5. Certain items as divided between publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions . 46 PART HI. SUMMARIES BY STATES . 47 Table 5. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36 . 48 Part 1. Totals . 48 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 49 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 50 Table 6. Students and degrees in professional schools, 1935-36... 52 Table 7. Faculty variously classified, 1935-36 . 54 Part 1. Totals . 54 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 55 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 56 Table 8. Students of college grade in residence, variously classified, 1935-36 . 57 Part 1. Totals . 57 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 58 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 59 Table 9. Students off campus, and secondary and military enroll¬ ments, 1935-36 . 60 Part 1. Totals.. . 60 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 61 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 62 Table 10. Students enrolled in professional schools, both inde¬ pendent and university schools, including teacher- training institutions, 1935-36 . 64 Table 11A. Students enrolled in, and graduating from, curricula preparatory to teaching, by school level, 1935-36... 70 Part 1. Totals . 70 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 71 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 72 Table 11B. Students graduating from curricula preparatory to teaching, by specialty, 1935-36 . 74 Part 1. Totals . 74 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 74 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 75 Table 12. Degrees in arts and sciences by major subjects, 1935-36 78 Table 13. Degrees in professional schools, both independent and university schools, including teacher-training insti¬ tutions, 1935-36 . 82 Table 14. Honorary degrees conferred, 1935-36 . 88 Table 15. Receipts, 1935-36 . 90 Part 1. Totals . 90 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 91 rr CONTENTS Page Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 92 Table 16. Expenditures, 1935-36 . 94 Part 1. Totals . 94 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 96 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 98 Table 17. Property, 1935-36 . 100 Part 1. Totals . 100 Part 2. Publioly controlled institutions . 102 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 104 PART IV. DETAIL BY INSTITUTIONS . 105 Table 18. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36 . 106 Table 19. Students and degrees in professional schools, 1935-36. 152 Part 1. Publicly controlled professional schools . 152 Part 2. Privately controlled professional schools . 155 Table 20. Receipts, 1935-36 . 166 Table 21. Benefactions: Institutions receiving $100,000 or more, 1935-36 . 206 Table 22. Expenditures, 1935-36 . 208 Table 23. Property, 1935-36 . , . 252 PART 7. STATISTICS OF NURSE-TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1935-36 . 291 Schools . 293 Students . 293 Graduates..... . 293 Length of course . 294 Educational requirements for admission to nurse- training courses. 294 Summary tables . 294 Table 24. Personnel statistics of nurse-training schools, 1935-36 . 297 Part 1. General nurse- training schools . 297 Part 2. Nurse- training schools in hospitals for the insane.... 298 Table 25. Expenditures of nurse- training schools, 1935-36....... 299 Part 1. General nurse-training schools, . 299 Part 2. Nurse- training schools in hospitals for the insane.... 299 PART VI. LAND GRANT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES . 301 Faculties . . 303 Faculty salaries . 303 Enrollment ( 1936 ) . 303 First degrees...... . 303 University of Alaska . 303 Bankhead- Jones funds . 303 Table 26. Total Bankhead- J ones funds authorized to be appropri¬ ated.. ... . 305 Subject-matter fields allowed . 306 Subject-matter fields not authorized . 306 Salaries . 306 Salaries not authorized . 306 Facilities . 307 Facilities not authorized . 307 Table 27. Supplementary Morrill funds . 308 Table 28. Comparative summary for 1934-35 and 1935-36 . 309 1934-35 Table 29. Staff . 310 Table 30. Students of college grade . 312 Table 31. Residence instruction . 314 Table 32. Degrees . 316 Table 33. Receipts . . . 320 Table 34. Expenditures . 322 v CONTENTS Page Table 35. Inventories . 324 Table 36. Federal funds . 326 Table 37. Morrill-Nelson funds . 328 Table 38. Federal land-grant funds of 1862. . 329 1935-36 Table 39. Staff . 330 Table 40. Students of college grade . 332 Table 41. Residence instruction . 334 Table 42. Degrees . . . 336 Table 43. Receipts . 340 Table 44. Expenditures..... . 342 Table 45. Inventories . 344 Table 46. Federal funds. . 346 Table 47. Morrill Nelson funds . 348 Table 48. Federal land -grant funds of 1862 . 350 vi LIST OF TEXT TABLES A. Number of institutions reporting personnel data, 1935-36, and com¬ parison of total with 1933-34 . 5 B. Distribution of degree-granting professional schools, 1935-36 . 6 C. Population and student enrollment in higher education, 1900 to 1936. 7 D. Number of junior colleges and their enrollment, 1917-18 to 1935-36.. 8 E. Resident instructional staff (above secondary grade), 1925-26 to 1935-36 . 10 F. Staff engaged in special work of various sorts, 1933-34 and 1935-36. 10 G. Percentage analysis of staff by type of school, control, and sex, 1935-36 . 11 H. Resident college enrollments in all institutions of higher education 1925-26 to 1935-36, summer sessions excluded . 12 I. Percentage analysis of resident college enrollments, by type and control of institution and by sex, 1935-36 . 12 J. Estimated number of freshmen in institutions of higher education, 1931-32, 1933-34, and 1935-36, by types of institutions . 14 K. Estimated number of freshmen by State and by control of institution, 1935-36 . 16 L. Estimated value of nonsalaried personal service rendered, institu¬ tions of higher education, 1935-36 . 19 M. Percentage analysis, receipts for current purposes, institutions of higher education, 1925-26 and 1935-36 . 20 N. Percentage analysis, all itemized educational and general expendi¬ tures, degree -granting universities, colleges, and professional schools (excepting teachers colleges), 1933-34 and 1935-36 . 21 O. Estimated population, all races, 1936 . 23 P. Estimated population, 1936, in 18 States . 24 Q. Number of students- in 1935-36 enrolled in institutions of higher ed¬ ucation in each State per 1,000 population 18 to 21 years of age.. 25 R. Receipts from the State, for higher education, 1935-36, per person 18 to 21 years of age.... . 26 S. Educational and general expenditures of publicly controlled institu¬ tions of higher education, 1935-36, per person 18 to 21 years of age . 27 T. Educational and general expenditures for both publicly and privately controlled institutions of higher education per person 18 to 21 years of age . 28 U. Total income per person 18 to 21 years of age in the various States, 1929-30 and 1935-36 . 30 V. Federal income tax collected in 1936 and private gifts and grants to institutions of higher education, 1935-36 . 31 W. Expenditures of Works Progress Administration, and educational and general expenditures of institutions of higher education, 1935-36, per capita of total population . 32 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1. Percent enrollment in institutions of higher education of pop¬ ulation ages 18-21 and total population . 34 Fig. 2. Distribution by States of 1,628 institutions of higher educa¬ tion reporting personnel data, 1936 . 36 Fig. 3. Value of property, 1,362 institutions of higher education, 1936 . 77 vii * CHAPTER IV STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1935-36 1 PART I. GENERAL FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS PROBLEM OF COMPILING STATISTICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION For the statistical compilations found in the following pages the data were gathered by means of two questionnaires — one on faculty, students, and degrees; and the other on receipts, expenditures, and property. These questionnaires were sent to all the 1,706 institutions listed in Office of Education Bulletin 1936, No. 1, "Educational Directory: 1936." This directory list is made up as follows: A. Universities, colleges, and teachers colleges: 1. Accredited by a national or regional accrediting association. 2. All State-supported institutions of collegiate grade. 3. Four-year institutions not accredited by any agency, but en¬ rolling at least 100 resident college students in regular session and graduating at least 10 students annually. B. Independent professional and technological schools: 1. Accredited by professional associations or approved by State universities or State departments of education. 2. Not accredited by any agency but enrolling at least 25 resi¬ dent students of college grade in regular session and grad¬ uating at least 5 students annually. C. Junior colleges and normal schools: 1. Accredited by a national or regional accrediting agency. 2. Not accredited by any agency but: (a) Requiring high-school graduation for entrance. (b) Offering 2 years of work of college grade. (c) Enrolling 50 or more resident students of college grade in regular session. (It should be noted also that questionnaires were sent to and replies received from institutions of college grade in the outlying parts of the United States, but these institutions are not included in the gen¬ eral summaries. Reports were also received from approximately 25 institutions not listed in the 1936 directory. These reports, involv¬ ing possibly 3,000 students, are not included in the summaries here presented. ) Of the 1,706 questionnaires sent out, usable returns on the personnel blank were received from 1,584 institutions. Not all of these institu- tions supplied data on every item. In these instances, and also in the 1 Prepared under the supervision of Emery M. Foster, Chief, Division of Statistics; major statistical editing and tabulating done by Margaret J. S. Carr and Maude Farr, statistical clerks. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 44 instances where institutions did not report for 1936, data for 1933- 34 were used. The personnel data therefore include 1,628 institutions. Usable reports on finances were received from 1,443 institutions; in¬ serting 1933-34 data for the institutions not replying in 1935-36, re¬ sults in the inclusion of data on receipts from 1,541 institutions, on expenditures from 1,540, and on property from 1,362. ■While it is impossible to indicate exactly the significance of the omission of schools from the tables for one year which are included for another year, the following statements may help to give some indication of the types of schools failing to report. First, of those failing to report on the personnel blank, very few were among the publicly controlled institutions or the large privately controlled universities, colleges, and professional schools. Practical¬ ly all were highly specialized technical schools such as conservatories of music, theological seminaries, law schools, schools of optometry, or were among the junior colleges and normal schools intimately associated with public high schools or if under private control lately raised from the status of preparatory schools. The total enrollment of all these schools probably does not exceed 5,000 students. The omissions from the list of institutions supplying financial data while outnumbering those failing to supply personnel data consist quite largely of these same groups of schools, namely, privately controlled technical or professional schools and junior colleges maintained by city or district school authorities. Another type of school failing to sup¬ ply financial data is the college which occupies quarters jointly with a motherhouse, an orphanage, a Y. M. C. A., or some other institution of a philanthropic character. It is clear that data on the higher educa¬ tion unit of an organization of this sort are very difficult to segre¬ gate. The difficulty is accentuated when a large amount of nonsalaried service is involved in conducting the institution’s work. Furthermore, some institutions occupy rented quarters whose cost or value they have no way of knowing. Examples of this type are the pro¬ fessional schools of a proprietary character, particularly those oper¬ ating in downtown office buildings in the urban centers. These schools, while they often supply excellent data on financial operations, have little or no usable data on property. Considering all of these omissions, however, it is conservative to es¬ timate that if all institutions reported their financial data the na¬ tional totals of receipts and expenditures here given would not be in¬ creased by more than 3 percent, and those on value of property would not be increased by more than 5 percent. In studying statistical tables on higher education with a view to de¬ termining trends the factor of comparability of items and of totals from one biennium to another looms large. This factor is affected by (1) the number of institutions reporting the various items at different times, (2) variations in interpretation of the items in the questionnaires, and (3) changes made by the Office of Education in the questions asked or in the manner of editing the returns received. The first of these matters was studied carefully in connection with the Biennial Survey of Education for 1932-34 and the conclusion was reached that "even though the number of institutions reporting may vary from biennium to biennium comparisons of totals from one biennium to an¬ other are not seriously invalidated by that fact." HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 3 As an indication that the increase in the number of institutions re¬ porting in 1935-36 over the number reporting in 1933-34 does not vitiate comparisons seriously, it may be noted that the increase is made up largely of the following: (a) Publicly controlled normal schools, 31, end teachers colleges, 9. These are accounted for by 43 county normal schools which reported in 1935-36 and not in 1933-34, and by the change of several institutions from normal schools to teachers colleges. (b) Publicly controlled junior oolleges, 35* These are mostly small institutions maintained by public-school boards of education. (c) Privately controlled junior colleges, 58, These are mainly acad¬ emies and preparatory schools which are becoming junior colleges. Their enrollments are small. These three groups account for 124 of the total increase of 210. The remainder are principally professional schools. For example, music schools reporting increased from 70 to 97; schools of commerce and busi¬ ness from 95 to 110; schools of fine arts from 26 to 37. Thus it will be clear that the difference in numbers reporting does not represent to any considerable extent inclusions one year and omissions another year of collegiate institutions of the usual 4-year arts and sciences type. Nor does the addition of a considerable number of institutions in 1935- 36 greatly invalidate comparisons of totals for the two bienniums be¬ cause the additions are almost wholly institutions having small enroll¬ ments • Variations among institutions in their usage of items contained in the questionnaires still constitute a major source of difficulty in statis¬ tical compilations in higher education. The Office of Education goes carefully over all reports and edits them with a view to uniformity of interpretation, but in spite of progress toward uniformity it is recog¬ nized quite frankly that certain differences in recording data still exist among the institutions. Changes in phrasing the various items of a questionnaire are made from time to time in order to reflect changing educational conditions. When any such change is made, the data returned in reply to the revised questionnaire must be carefully interpreted in terms of both the old and the new phrasing if a break in the trends is to be avoided. For exam¬ ple, the single question formerly used relating to the number of persons receiving the Ph. D. degree on examination no longer brings in complete data on the number of persons receiving the doctorate on examination. Obviously, this question has had to be reframed so as to provide for the number cf persons receiving other doctorates (Ed. D., Sc. D., etc.) and the compilations must be interpreted accordingly. Finally, although the identical item may be carried in a questionnaire for several years, a change in tabulating the replies may cause an ap¬ parent fluctuation in the final results. To illustrate, a report may be called for on the total amount of Federal money received. Clearly, the results of any compilation based on this question will depend on whether temporary allotments from emergency funds are included in the statements or not. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF INSTITUTIONS REPORTING Totals by States. — The number of institutions of various types in the different States which reported personnel data is shown in table A. In addition to showing the total number of institutions by States, this ta¬ ble reveals other facts of interest. For example, some States concen¬ trate their publicly controlled college and university work (excluding teachers colleges) in one institution. This is true of even such popu¬ lous States as California, Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Other States maintain several publicly controlled colleges and universities. Note, for example, that Georgia has 5; Michigan, 5; North Carolina, 5; Ohio, 8; Oklahoma, 5; South Carolina, 7; Texas, 8; and Virginia, 6. This latter group of States illustrates the effects of two tendencies: First, the building up of more than one State college in a State; and, second, the more recent development of municipal colleges and universi¬ ties. Another fact revealed by table A is that the public junior college is found in only half of the States. Half the public junior colleges are in four States; California, Iowa, Oklahoma, and Texas. It will be noted, further, that eight States (California, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas) report a total of 60 or more institutions each. At the other end of the scale we find Nevada and Wyoming reporting one institution each. Professional schools by States. — Many of the 1,628 institutions re¬ porting maintain professional schools or departments as part of their organizations. The distribution of the more common types of these schools is shown in table B. The total number of professional schools classified is 1,376, not counting 122 "other" schools. Hasty generalizations should not be made from this table. The fact, for instance, that no school of music is listed in North Dakota, no school of home economics in California, no school of fine arts in Dela¬ ware, does not mean that these subjects are not offered in these States. It means only that there are no separately organized and administered schools such as make reports to this Office. In many instances profes¬ sional curricula in various fields are offered in colleges of arts and sciences. These professional curricula are not included in this tabula¬ tion. HISTORICAL SUMMARY, 1900-1936 Table C shows the trend in college enrollments as compared with the trend in population from 1900 to 1936. It will be observed that whereas less than one-third of 1 percent of the total population in 1900 were enrolled in college, more than nine- tenths of 1 percent were so enrolled in 1936; that whereas a little more than 4 percent based on the number of persons 18 to 21 years of age were enrolled in college in 1900, nearly 13 percent of this number were en¬ rolled in 1936. The actual and percentage increases during the 36-year period are shown in the lower section of the table, where a 69-percent increase in total population and a 59-percent increase in population 18 to 21 are accompanied by an increase of more than 400 percent in actual enrollment in institutions of higher education. This table reveals a fact too often lost sight of. In comparison with HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 5 TABLE A.— NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS REPORTING PERSONNEL DATA. 1935-36, AND COMPARISON OF TOTAL WITH 1933-34 Universities, colleges, and nrofessional schools. 191R- l6 Teacher-training in¬ stitutions. 193*3- 36 State or : outlying part j Publicly controlled Privately controlled Publicly : controlled : Privately controlled Total [ 4-year : Junior 4-year : Junior Teachers: Normal : colleges: schools: Teachers: colleges: Normal schools i9r?T 1 : 2 • 3 4 i 5 i : h : 7 : 8 : 9 10 : 11 Continental United States. 1935-36- •• 136 187 782 228 156 98 12 29 1.628 Continental United States, 193>34... 1V5 152 709 170 147 67 11 27 1.418 Alabama . 3 1 11 4 5 1 _ 25 20 Arizona . 1 2 — — 2 — — — 5 5 Arkansas . 4 6 9 1 2 — — — 22 20 California . 1 36 40 12 7 — — 1 97 85 Colorado . 3 2 6 2 3 — — — 16 16 Connecticut . 2 _ _ 9 4 1 4 _ 1 21 20 Delaware . 2 — — — — — — 2 2 District of Columbia — — 12 5 2 — — 1 20 16 Florida . 3 — 5 3 — — — — 11 9 Georgia . 5 9 22 6 1 1 — — 44 37 Idaho . 1 _ 3 3 _ 2 _ _ 9 7 Illinois . 1 8 57 10 5 1 2 2 86 74 Indiana . 3 _ 26 5 2 2 1 39 32 Iowa . 2 26 27 10 1 — — — 66 54 Kansas . 4 11 16 6 2 — — — 39 3« Kentucky . 3 _ 14 13 4 _ 1 _ 35 35 Louisiana . Maine . 4 1 2 9 6 4 1 1 1 1 5 ::: _ 21 14 15 13 Maryland . 2 1 15 3 3 2 — — 26 25 Massachusetts . 2 — 35 6 10 l — 5 59 50 Michigan . 5 8 19 2 4 28 1 1 68 4l Minnesota . 1 7 20 - — 6 — — 1 35 38 Mississippi . 4 10 10 9 2 — — — 35 26 Missouri . 2 7 25 13 8 — — 1 56 54 Montana . 3 1 2 2 1 1 — — 10 8 Nebraska . 2 2 11 2 4 _ _ 1 22 22 Nevada . 1 _ - — _ — _ — — - — 1 1 New Hampshire . 1 — 2 1 2 — — — 6 7 New Jersey . 1 5 16 2 6 — 1 — 31 24 New Mexico . 3 2 — — 2 — — — 7 6 New York . 4 _ 70 5 2 10 1 5 97 84 North Carolina . 5 1 19 17 4 3 1 50 45 North Dakota . 2 2 1 — 5 ___ — 10 10 Ohio . S _ _ 48 3 _ 2 — 61 60 Oklahoma . 5 15 7 3 6 — — — 36 27 Oregon . 2 _ 11 2 _ 3 _ 2 20 16 Pennsylvania . 1 - — 71 5 15 1 — 1 94 90 Rhode Island . l — _ 4 1 — — — 6 5 South Carolina . 7 — 12 5 — — — 3 27 20 South Dakota . 3 — 5 3 1 3 — 15 15 Tennessee . 2 _ 26 8 4 1 1 1 43 38 Texas . 9 18 26 23 7 — — — 83 82 Utah . 2 3 3 1 — — — — 9 9 Vermont . 1 5 1 1 2 — — 10 7 Virginia . 6 — 18 12 4 — — 1 4l 37 Washington . 2 2 7 5 3 _ _ 1 20 18 West Virginia . 4 — 6 3 6 — . — — - 19 18 Wisconsin . 1 — 16 3 10 28 — — 58 36 Wyoming . 1 — — — — — — 1 1 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska. . . . 1 1 1 Hawaii . 1 — — _ _ — — — 1 1 Philippine Islands.. 1 — 1 — — — — 1 3 1 Puerto Rico . 1 — — — — — — — 1 1 6 BIENNIAL SUHVET 07 EDUCATION, 1935-19JS TABLE B. — DISTRIBUTION 07 DEGREE- GRANT ING PR07ESSI0HAL SCHOOLS, 1935- 36 State or out¬ lying part :Ag- :Ar- tmerce: :ri- :chi-:and : cul- : tec- : husi- :ture;ture:ne86 t t Den- :Edu-: tiat-:ca- rv :tion; Engl-: neer-: ins : 1 : :7or-: 71na:est-: artsirv : Home: eco- : Jour- ncm-:nal- ics :ism : :bra-: : try : : tsci-: :Law:ence: : : :te~: : : Med-: : :op-: :The-: 1- :Mu-:Nurs-:a- :Phar-:ol- : cine: sic: ing :thy:macy :ogy « eri- nary medi¬ cine :0 th- :er 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 s 8 : 9 « 10 : 11 : 12: 11 : l4 : 15: 16 : 17: 18 : 19 » 20 : 21 Continental United States . S2 37 110 40 269 142 17 22 57 22 138 18 76 97 47 6 64 in 11 122 Alabama . 1 2 9 2 _ 3 _ 1 1 2 1 — 1 1 2 ArVftna 1 California . 1 2 9 3 10 5 _ _ l 13 __ 4 4 2 1 2 9 __ 4 Colorado . “ 2 3 4 1 1 1 — 3 1 1 1 1 — 1 l 1 2 Connecticut . 1 1 „ __ l 3 1 l l _ 2 __ 1 1 1 — 1 2 — — Delaware . — — — . l 1 — _ l _ — _ — — — — — District of Columbia — 1 1 2 3 3 1 — — — 7 1 3 1 1 -- 2 2 — 4 Florida . 1 2 — 3 1 1 — 1 l 3 — 3 — — 1 — — 1 Georgia . 1 1 l 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 — — 1 4 — 1 Idaho . _ 1 __ 1 1 __ l __ __ 1 1 __ __ _ Illinois . 1 2 7 3 9 4 3 — l 2 7 2 5 12 3 1 1 12 — 11 Indiana . 1 3 l 8 5 2 l 1 — 5 — 1 6 l — 4 3 — 2 Iowa . 1 — 2 l 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 — 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 Kansas . 1 2 — 4 2 4 - 1 — 2 — 1 6 3 ~ 1 2 1 1 Kentucky . 1 1 5 2 __ _ l _ 3 __ 1 1 __ — 1 2 — 2 Louisiana . 1 2 l 6 3 2 1 l 1 3 1 2 3 1 — 2 — 1 4 2 1 2 Maryland . 1 __ 1 l 5 2 __ __ l __ l _ 2 _ 1 — 1 3 _ 2 Massachusetts . 1 2 5 2 12 7 1 — l 1 6 — 4 1 — — 1 7 “ 10 Michigan . . 1 1 4 2 S 6 __ 3 1 1 4 __ 2 2 2 — 4 2 1 2 Minnesota . . 1 1 l l 7 1 — 1 1 — 3 — 1 1 l — 1 3 — 1 Mississippi . . 1 — 2 — 4 2 — — — — 1 — 1 1 — — 1 — — 1 Missouri . 1 3 3 11 2 3 — 1 2 5 — 3 2 3 2 2 4 — 4 Montana . l 2 2 1 l 1 l — — 1 — — 1 ~ — l Nebraska . . 1 _ 2 2 6 1 1 _ l 1 3 __ 2 1 2 — 2 1 — 1 Nevada . _ — — 1 1 — — 1 — — — — — — — New Hampshire . — 2 — 3 2 — 1 l 1 — — — — New Jersey . 1 2 — 8 A — — l 1 1 1 — 1 — — 1 5 — 2 New Mexico . . 1 — 1 — 3 3 — l — — — — — — — — ~ “ New Tork . . 1 6 12 3 12 13 5 2 4 2 9 3 9 4 2 — 6 15 1 19 North Carolina . . 1 1 3 6 2 l 1 — 3 1 3 3 1 — 1 3 — 4 North Dakota . 1 1 — 7 2 — — 1 — 1 — 1 — — — 1 — — 2 Ohio . . 2 4 8 2 13 8 1 — 3 — 10 1 3 8 3 - 5 10 1 7 Oklahoma . — 2 1 9 3 3 — l ” 3 “ 1 4 l — l 2 — “ Oregon . 2 2 1 2 1 _ l 2 2 3 __ 1 3 1 — 2 — — 4 Pennsylvania . 1 3 7 3 20 10 2 l 3 — 3 2 6 5 3 1 3 15 1 11 Rhode Island . . 1 — 1 — 1 1 1 — l . — ■ 1 — — 1 South Carolina . . 1 — l — 2 2 — — — 1 l — 1 1 l — 2 2 — 2 South Dakota . — l — 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 l — 1 ~ — 1 Tennessee . . 1 _ 2 2 6 2 __ __ 1 5 3 3 -- 2 3 — 1 Texas . . 2 2 2 2 8 6 — — 1 — 5 — 2 2 2 — 1 4 1 3 Utah . . 1 _ 2 — 2 2 — 1 1 — 1 1 — 1 — — — — — — Vermont . 2 2 — — l 1 Virginia . . 2 — 2 1 7 3 — ~ 2 — 3 1 2 l 2 — 1 4 1 Washington . . 1 l 1 — 5 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 — 2 2 — 1 1 1 1 West Virginia . 1 8 l — — l — 1 — 1 2 — — 1 — — 1 Wisconsin . 1 — 1 1 11 2 — — l 1 2 1 2 4 1 — — 5 — 2 Wyoming . — 1 — 1 l — — l — 1 “ 1 — — — Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . __ __ __ „ __ l — — — Hawaii . 1 1 — — l — 1 Philippine Islands. . 1 — 1 — 1 2 1 1 l — 1 1 1 1 1 — 1 — 1 1 Puerto Rico . . 1 — 1 — 1 1 — — 1 — i — ““ — - . 1 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 7 the increase in total population, the increase since 1900 in the number of young people 18 to 21 years of age has been considerably less. It is more significant to relate the increase in student enrollment to the increase in the numbers of young people than to the increase in total population. In 1900 there was 1 college student to 24.9 young people 18 to 21; whereas in 1936 this number had increased to 3.2, or 1 college student to every 7.8 young people in the same age group. High-school and college enrollments. — In connection with the rapid in¬ crease in college enrollments, the question is often asked whether an increasing proportion of high-school graduates is going on to college each year. In spite of the fact that the increase in enrollments in higher education since 1900 has been very marked, it has been much less marked than the increase in high-school enrollments. The percentage of high-school graduates entering college has been decreasing since 1900. TABLE C.— POPULATION AND STUDENT ENROLLMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION, 1900 TO 1936 :Fercent student Population1 : enrollment is of Student : : Popula- Year enrollment :Total : tion Ages in higher : popula¬ : ages 18 Total 18 to 21 education2 tion : to 21 1 2 3 4 : 5 : 6 1900 . 75,994,575 5,930,765 237,592 .31 4.01 1905 . 84,219,378 6,583,109 264,345 .31 4.02 1910 . 91,972,266 7,335,453 355,213 .39 4.84 1915 . 99,342,625 7,339,624 403,556 .41 5.50 1920 . 105,710,620 7,343,794 597,857 .57 8.14 1930 . 122,775,046 9,026,741 1,100,737 .90 12.19 1932 . 124,974,000 9,164,338 1,154,117 .92 12.59 1934 . 126,626,000 9,301,935 1,055,360 .83 11.35 1936 . 128,429,000 9,439.532 1,208,227 .94 12.80 INCREASES, 1900 TO 1936 Number . 52,434,425 3,508,767 970,365 .63 8.79 Percent . . 69.00 _ 59.16 _ 408.53 203.23 _ 219.20 Population for intercensal years (1905, 1915, 1932, 1934, and 1936) es¬ timated by the Bureau of the Census; column 3 by Office of Education. 2 Resident students of college grade, regular session (September to June) only, duplicates omitted. If we compare the enrollments in all types of secondary schools, includ¬ ing preparatory departments in colleges, with the collegiate-grade enroll¬ ments in colleges and universities, including teachers colleges and normal schools, we find the following: In 1900 the ratio was 1 college student to each 2.9 secondary -school students. In 1910 the ratio was 1 to 3.1; in 1920, 1 to 4.2; in 1930, 1 to 4.4; in 1934, 1 to 5.8; and in 1936, 1 to 5.3. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 From this it will be noted that the ratio of secondary-school students to college students doubled in 34 years, but has declined slightly in the biennium from 1934 to 1936, due to the relatively low collegiate en¬ rollments in 1934, In other words roughly speaking only half as large proportions of high-school students go into college now as was the case in 1900, Rise of the junior college.— One of the most interesting developments in the field of higher education in recent years has been the growth of the junior college. Statistics on this type of school have been col¬ lected by this Office since 1918 only, but this period represents the era of their greatest growth. Table D sets forth data on this point. TABLE D.— NUMBER OF JUNIOR COLLEGES AND THEIR ENROLLMENT, 1917-18 TO 1935-36 Year ’• All schools : : reporting : Publicly : controlled : Privately controlled : Num- : ber Enroll- : ment : Num- : ber : Enroll- : ment Num- : ber ! Enroll¬ ment 1 : 2 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 1917-18 . 4,504 14 1,367 32 3,137 1919-20 . 8,102 10 2,940 42 5,162 1921-22 . 12,124 17 4,771 63 7,353 1923-24 . 20,559 39 9,240 93 11,319 1925-26 . 27,095 47 13,859 106 13,236 1927-28 . 44,855 114 28,437 134 16,418 1929-30 . 55,616 129 36,501 148 19,115 1931-32 . 85,063 159 58,887 183 26,176 1933-34 . 78,480 152 55,869 170 22,611 1935-36 . 102,453 187 70,557 228 31,896 Here it will be noted that junior colleges have increased rapidly both in numbers and in enrollment. In 1935-36 the numbers enrolled in junior colleges equalled 17,0 percent of all undergraduate enrollments in arts and sciences, including arts and science divisions in teacher-training institutions. The publicly controlled junior colleges in 1936 enrolled on the average 377 students each while the average enrollment of the privately controlled junior college is 140. Other trends.— For other trends reference is made to table 1, which gives a historical summary of certain items of general interest for in¬ stitutions of higher education from 1899-1900 to 1935-1936. It is in two parts, part 1 relating to universities, colleges, and professional schools, and part 2 relating to teachers colleges and normal schools. Since the forms used for collecting data for later years are not identi¬ cal with those used up to 1929-30, table 1 should be studied in connec¬ tion with table 2 rather than as an independent table. A number of interesting facts are revealed in part 1 of table 1. First, preparatory departments are decreasing in enrollments, there be¬ ing fewer than half as many students in the preparatory departments in 1936 as in 1900. Second, the ratio of baccalaureate and first professional degrees to HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 9 the enrollments in collegiate, professional, and graduate departments was 16.3 percent in 1900, but had dropped to 11.7 percent in 1936. This change is accounted for in part by the increase in graduate degrees and in part by an increase in the length of many of the curricula leading to first degrees. Probably, too, the change may be accounted for in part by an increase in the percentage of students who leave college before graduation, although it must be acknowledged that no studies have been made which clearly establish this fact. Third, while honorary degrees have increased between 1900 and 1936, the rate of increase is much less than is true of earned degrees, either undergraduate or graduate. Fourth, of earned degrees, the number of graduate degrees increased more than 10-fold between 1900 and 1936, the doctor's degree (a part of the graduate degrees) 8-fold, and the baccalaureate or first profession¬ al degree, 4.5-fold. The increase in graduate degrees is indeed strik¬ ing, the number in 1936 being more than 21,000, or 76 percent as many as were the baccalaureate and first professional degrees in 1900. In part 2 of table 1 it may be noted that in teachers colleges and noxmal schools both teaching staff and students decreased in numbers after 1929-30. The sharpest drop was in the graduates of nondegree teacher-training courses, showing the rapid elimination of the less- than-four-year curricula. Although the enrollments in teachers colleges decreased between 1930 and 1936, the number of baccalaureate and first professional degrees in¬ creased sharply during the same period. FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1935-36 Table 2, gives a general summary of staff, resident students of col¬ lege grade, and degrees conferred at institutions of higher education during the year 1935-36. The institutions are also classified according to type of control, curricular offering, and level of work offered. Faculty. — The 1,628 institutions in the country required the equiva¬ lent of more than 110,000 full-time staff members, including administra¬ tive officers, teachers, extension and research workers, and other pro¬ fessional employees, but not including clerical or custodial help. This represents an increase over the 1933-34 report, both in number of insti¬ tutions reporting and in number of persons employed. Resident instruction as distinguished from extension instruction and research claimed the services of 71,472 men and 26,670 women, or 98,142 persons in all. (These figures are not reduced to a full-time basis.) These included 40,873 employed in publicly controlled institutions and 57,269 in institutions under private (including church) control. Of the number reported, 92,580 were in work of collegiate grade; 4,931 were re¬ ported as critic teachers; and 2,740 were teaching secondary-school stu¬ dents. The figures reveal that 2,109 teachers were counted twice in these three groups — collegiate, critic and secondary teachers, thus show¬ ing that they divided their time among the three types of teaching. Table E shows the changes in total numbers of teachers conducting resi¬ dent classes of college grade from 1925-26 to 1935-36. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE E.— RESIDENT INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF (ABOVE SECONDARY GRADE), 1925- 26 TO 1935-36 : : Increase over : : previous report Year : : Num- : per- : Number : ber s cent 1 : 2 7 3 : 4 1925-26 . 70,674 6,675 10.4 1927-28 . 76,080 5,406 7.6 1929-30..... 82,386 6,306 8.3 1931-32 . 88,172 5,786 7.0 1933-34 . 86,914 l-l,258 x-1.4 1935-36 . 92,580 5,666 6.5 1 Decrease 7 The number of staff members in 1934 and in 1936 engaged in services other than the regular resident teaching carried on by institutions of higher education is shewn in table F. TABLE F.— STAFF ENGAGED IN SPECIAL WORK OF VARIOUS SORTS, 1933-34 AND 1935-36 Type of work : 1933-34 : 1935-36 -1- : 2:3 Summer session, 1933 and 1935 . 24,790 29,055 Correspondence work . 3,371 3,388 Extension class instruction... . 4,740 6,015 Agricultural and home economics extension . 1,750 2,166 County, home, and club agents . 4,254 5,816 Agricultural experiment station staff . 2,938 3,069 Other research workers . 1,691 1,276 It will be noted that the service showing the greatest increase for the biennium is the county club work, including county agents, home demon¬ stration agents, and 4-H club agents. The staff of county workers is greater than the combined staffs of the agricultural and home economics extension services and the agricultural experiment stations. A percentage analysis, by sex, of the staff members of the different types of institutions follows in table G. From table G it will be noted that the ratio of men to women in the teaching staffs varies greatly according to the type of institution. While the number of women staff members is a little less than one-third the number of men in publicly controlled colleges and universities, and a little more than one-third of the number of men in the privately con¬ trolled colleges and universities, women far outnumber the men in the staffs of teachers colleges and normal schools, and somewhat outnumber HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 11 the men in all the non-degree-granting institutions taken as a group. The question is frequently asked whether the ratio of men to women staff members has changed greatly in recent decades. By reference to a comparable table for 1890 it is found that the women constituted 20.9 percent of the staffs of all colleges and universities taken as a group (excluding teachers colleges and normal schools). For 1936, the compa¬ rable figure is 25.5 percent. This gain in the percentage of women col¬ lege teachers may well be placed side by side with the fact that women are gaining on the men in the number of graduate degrees earned. (See table 1.) While the number of graduate degrees granted to men increased from 1900 to 1930 6. 6 -fold, the number granted to women increased 19- fold, or nearly three times as fast. TABLE G.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF STAFF BY TYPE OF SCHOOL, CONTROL, AND SEX, 1935-36 Item All insti¬ tutions reporting Universities colleges, and professional schools : Teachers col- : leges and nor- : mal schools Pub¬ lic Pri- : vate : All Pub¬ lic Pri- : vate : All : : Pub¬ lic Pri-: vate : All 1 2 3 : 4 5 6 : 7 : 8 9 : 10 All institutions: Men . Women . 31.9 14.5 39.2 14.4 71.1 28.9 31.1 10.0 43.4 15.5 74.5 25.5 38.4 53.7 2.7 5.2 41.1 58.9 Total . 46.4 53.6 100.0 41.1 58.9 100.0 92.1 7.9 100.0 (110,225) (98,717) (11,508) Degree-granting : Men . 7/ omen . 32.2 13.5 41.1 13.2 73.3 26.7 31.2 9.2 45.3 14.3 76.5 23.5 41,8 53.7 1.8 2.7 43.6 56.4 Total . 45.7 54.3 100.0 40.4 59.6 100.0 95.5 4.5 100.0 (100,821) (91,144) (9.677) Non-degree- grant ing : Men . Women . 27.7 26.0 18.7 27.6 46.4 53.6 29.5 19.1 21.5 29.9 51.0 49.0 20.4 54.1 7.2 18.3 27.6 72.4 Total . 53.7 46.3 100.0 48.6 51.4 100.0 74.5 25.5 100.0 (9.404) (7.573) (lt831 Students, total enrollments. — The 1,628 institutions carried in this compilation enrolled a total of more than 1,200,000 resident students of above secondary grade during the regular session (Sept ember- June) 1935- 36, and more than 370,000 for the summer session of 1935. Table H shows that the total enrollment in the regular session has increased 290,765, or 31.7 percent in the past 10 years, although the increase has not been continuous or regular. Percentage of men and women students. — Table I divides enrollments by percentages between men and women in the various classes of institutions. The ratio, all institutions taken together, is approximately 3 men to 2 women. Considering the fact that women were admitted to institutions of higher education only such a short time ago this ratio is quite remark¬ able. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE H.— RESIDENT COLLEGE ENROLLMENTS IN ALL INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1925-26 TO 1935-36, SUMMER SESSIONS EXCLUDED Increase over Year : Enrollment : previous report Number : Percent 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 1925-26... 917,462 94,399 11.5 1927-28... 1,053,955 136,493 14.9 1929-30... 1,100,737 46,782 4.4 1931-32... 1,154,117 53,380 4.9 1933-34... 1,055,360 *-98, 757 *-8.6 1935-36... 1,208,227 152,867 14.5 1 Decrease. Certain facts in table I are worthy of attention. First, the students in publicly controlled institutions outnumber those in privately con¬ trolled institutions when sill types of institutions are included. This is the first time in the history of higher education in the United States when the majority of collegiate students were attending publicly con¬ trolled institutions. In universities, colleges, and professional schools, excluding teachers colleges and normal schools, the enrollments in publicly controlled institutions are seen to constitute 44.8 percent. TABLE I.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF RESIDENT COLLEGE ENROLLMENTS, BY TYPE AND CONTROL OF INSTITUTION AND BY SEX, 1935-36 : : Universities, : : All insti- : colleges, and : Teachers col- : tutions : professional : leges and nor- Item ; reporting _ ; schools _ : mal schools :Pub- :Pri- : :Pub- :Pri- : :Pub- :Pri-: _ :lic : vate : All :lic :vate : All :lic :vate: All 1 : 2 : 5 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 :8;9:10 All institutions: Men . 29.0 29.7 58.7 28.3 33.6 61.9 34.2 1.2 35.4 Women . 21.8 19.5 41.3 16.5 21.6 38.1 60.8 3.8 64.6 Total . 50.8 49.2 100.0 44.8 55.2 100.0 95.0 5.0 100.0 (1,208,227) _ (1,062,760) _ (145,467) Degree -grant ing : Men . 28.3 31.8 60.1 27.2 36.0 63.2 36.2 1.0 37.2 Women . 20.3 19.6 59.9 15,0 21.8 36.8 60.1 2.7 62.8 Total . 48.6 51.4 100.0 42.2 57.8 100.0 96.3 3.7 100.0 (1,088,177) _ (960,307) _ (127,870) Non-degree¬ granting: Men . 35.5 10.6 46.1 38.2 12.0 50.2 19.5 2.6 22.1 Women . 55.7 18.2 55.9 30.7 19.1 49.8 65.4 12.5 77.9 Total . 71.2 28.8 100.0 68.9 31.1 100.0 84.9 15.1 100.0 (120,050) (102,453) (17,597) HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 13 and in privately controlled institutions 55.2 percent. The comparable figures for 1921-22 -with teachers colleges and normal schools excluded v/as 35.7 percent attending publicly controlled institutions. The shift to the publicly controlled institutions is thus seen to be rapid. Second, in universities, colleges, and professional schools as a group, the ratio of men students to women students is slightly more than 3 to 2. In the teachers colleges and normal schools the ratio is slightly more than 1 man to 2 women. Third, when table I is compared with the corresponding table in the 1933-34 report, an increase in the proportion of men enrolled in teach¬ ers colleges and normal schools is shown. In 1933-34, 33.2 percent of the students in schools of this type were men* in 1935-36 the correspond¬ ing percentage was 35.4. There are certain other facts brought out in table 2 concerning enroll¬ ments which should be mentioned. First, the enrollments in professional schools are approaching the numbers enrolled in arts and sciences. Com¬ parisons based on the 1936 enrollments may be seen at a glance in the following tabulation: Students : Enrollments in :Colleges of :arts and : sciences Professional schools 1 : 2 3 Undergraduate men . 328,729 336,763 Undergraduate women. . • 272,973 190,459 Graduate men . 24,356 24,211 Graduate women . 16,992 14,012 Considering men students only, it will be noted that the enrollments in professional schools exceed the enrollments in arts and sciences. The majority of women are attending arts and sciences. (it should be borne in mind when interpreting the above figures, that all undergraduate enrollments in colleges of arts and sciences are counted as arts and sciences students in the tabulations even though some of the students may be pursuing a professional curriculum, such as commerce and business offered by the liberal arts colleges. If such students were added to the ones enrolled in professional schools, the differential in favor of professional enrollments would be greater than stated above . ) Second, between 1934 and 1936 the increase in graduate enrollments in professional schools was 6,117 while the comparable figure in arts and sciences was 2,652. This rapid increase in graduate enrollments in pro¬ fessional schools is striking evidence of the fact that professions are being served by more and more men and women who have studied beyond the first professional degree. It is obvious, also, that the amount of re¬ search work carried on in the professional fields is rapidly increasing because the graduate students in the professional schools, including the professional departments in the university-wide graduate schools, common¬ ly include in their programs research problems. On the other hand, the 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 increase in graduate professional students probably reflects the present trend toward graduate professional degrees which represent less research work than is customarily true for graduate arts and sciences degrees. Third, it may be surprising to note that when publicly controlled in¬ stitutions are compared with privately controlled ones, the enrollments in graduate professional schools exceed graduate enrollments in arts and sciences in the privately controlled ones, but fall notably below them in the publicly controlled ones. That is, in publicly controlled insti¬ tutions graduate work in arts and sciences predominates over graduate work in professional curricula. This is true in spite of the fact that the ratio of graduate men students to graduate women students is markedly higher in the publicly controlled institutions than in the privately con¬ trolled ones. (See table 2.) TABLE J. —ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FRESHMEN IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCA¬ TION, 1931-32, 1933-34, AND 1935-36, BY TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS : 1951-521 : 1935-34 2 : 1955-363 :Esti- : :Esti- : :Esti- : :mated :Percent rmated :Percent rmated :Percent Type of institution tnumber :of :number :of rnumber :of :of : total :of : total :of : total : fresh- : enroll-: fresh- : enroll-: fresh- :enroll- _ :men :ment :men :ment :men :ment 1 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 Degre e -grant ing : Universities, colleges, and professional schools: Publicly controlled.. . 94,770 25.87 92,729 26.90 112,069 27.64 Privately controlled. .130,321 24.27 120,860 24.37 141,708 25.54 Teachers colleges: Publicly controlled.. . 50,757 37.90 39,709 34.86 44,702 36.29 Privately controlled. . 1,221 28.26 1,479 36.91 1,316 28.05 Non-degree-granting : Junior colleges: Publicly controlled.. . 34,790 59.08 32,978 59.03 41,840 59.30 Privately controlled. . 14,826 56.64 12,919 57.14 18,200 57.06 Normal schools: Publicly controlled.. . 8,341 36.30 5,973 38.76 5,620 37.62 Privately controlled. . 1,629 52.03 1,043 36.68 1,279 48.02 Totals . .336,997 29.20 307,690 29.15 366,734 30.35 1Based on 91.38 percent of undergraduate enrollment reported. 2 Based on 91.70 percent of undergraduate enrollment reported. 3 Based on 93.67 percent of undergraduate enrollment reported. Number of freshmen. — Table J presents estimates of the total numbers of freshmen in institutions of higher education in 1931-32, 1933-34, and 1935-36. The numerical estimates are based on answers from institutions having well over 90 percent of the total undergraduate enrollment for each year, but the percentages used in the table are calculated on this HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 15 basis so as to approximate the actual total freshmen students divided by the total enrollment (undergraduate and graduate). By "freshman" is meant a student pursuing his first year above a 4-year high-school course . Here it is seen that the percent of the total student body enrolled in the freshman class remains fairly stationary throughout the period, but that it fluctuates somewhat in certain types of institutions. A fairly regular but small increase among the publicly controlled degree¬ granting universities, colleges, and professional schools is noted. (Attention should be called to the difference in percentages between this table and corresponding estimates appearing in the Biennial Sur¬ vey of Education for 1932-34. The earlier percentages were calculated on the undergraduate enrollment, whereas those appearing in this re¬ port are based on the entire enrollment ,J The most significant fact revealed by table J is that in the group of universities, colleges, and professional schools, the percent of fresh¬ men in the total enrollment has declined almost to 25. This means that students in longer-than-four-year curricula plus transfer students re¬ ceived from other institutions — notably junior colleges — just about bal¬ ance the drop-outst These institutions in the category of universities, colleges, and professional schools, are coming to be less of the 4-year college type, but more of the senior college and professional school type. Closely related to the above fact is the large number of freshmen in junior colleges and normal schools. Of all freshmen entering college in 1935-36, 18 percent entered junior colleges or normal schools. An expansion of this table is presented in table K, wherein the num¬ bers of freshmen in publicly and in privately controlled institutions in the several States are estimated. No estimate of this sort is avail¬ able for years prior to 1935-36. From this table, it will be noted that the freshmen are 32.92 percent of the total enrollments in publicly controlled institutions, but only 27.32 percent of total enrollments in privately controlled institutions. This difference is significant, and probably means that publicly con¬ trolled institutions, in comparison with privately controlled ones hdve a larger proportion of students in less-than-four-year curricula, or a larger proportion of students who drop out before completing any curric¬ ulum, or have a lesser proportion of students in advanced professional and graduate curricula. There are certain variations among the States to which attention may be called. In New York State, for example, only 18.19 percent of stu¬ dents in publicly controlled institutions and 20.73 in privately con¬ trolled ones are freshmen. In Montana, the corresponding percentages are 42.78 percent for publicly controlled and 49.01 percent for private¬ ly controlled, more than twice as large. The institutions in New York State in general stress the more advanced aspects of collegiate, pro¬ fessional, and graduate work to a far greater extent than do the insti¬ tutions in Montana. On the average, students in Montana are not doing work of the same collegiate level as are students in New York State. Comparable differences among other States are clearly evident from the table. The above variations need to be kept in mind when consideration is be¬ ing given to such questions as student enrollments per capita of popula- 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EIUCATION, 1934- 36 TABLE K. —ESTIMATED NUMBER OP PRESHMEN BY STATE AND BY CONTROL OP INSTITUTION, 19 35-36 State s : 1 s Publicly controlled : institutions t Privately controlled institutions t : itfotal number t tof freshmen l/t Number of freshmen Percent ofs total j enrollment: Number of freshmen : Percent of : total : enrollment 1 1 2 s 3 4 : .... 5 1 6 Continental United States. 202,020 32.92 162,657 27.32 Alabama . 4,269 37.28 2,057 40.36 Ari zona . . . . . 1,545 1,545 30.85 — — Arkansas . . . 3,651 2,767 42.76 884 38.61 California . 25,033 40.22 6,075 24.33 Colorado . 2,475 28.74 1,349 28.58 Connect! out . 2,523 696 33.47 1,827 23.ll Delaware . 293 293 34.80 — - — District of Columbia . 320 24.33 4,794 26.71 Florida . 3,159 1,785 32.86 1.374 37.65 Georgia . 3,836 38.20 2,283 29.66 Idaho . 2,379 1,747 39.78 632 51.51 Illinois . 8,969 33.92 11,611 18.93 Indiana . 4,675 35.67 5,368 38.29 Iowa . 9,359 5,159 32.90 4,200 38.99 Kansas . 9,747 7,542 43.81 2,205 38.81 Kentucky. . 3,699 28.90 2,888 40.91 Louisiana . 5.632 3,790 33.12 1,842 27.71 Maine . - l,ii6l 740 31.69 721 30. 18 Maryland . - 5,219 1,770 27.52 3,449 41,95 Massachusetts . 1,267 27.49 10.653 23.25 Michigan . 8,367 23.47 3,212 31.52 Minnesota . 7,102 34.27 3,003 39.15 Mississippi . 3,468 42.85 1,327 43.53 Missouri . 4,966 37.77 5,731 30.91 Montana . 2,061 42.78 199 49.01 Nebraska . 3,985 38.75 2,229 40.65 Nevada . 377 35.43 — — New Hampshire . . . - l,i|80 717 32.49 763 25.74 New Jersey . 2,520 37.42 2,986 27.40 New Mexico . - 1,509 1,509 42.41 — — New York . 11,011 18.19 23,370 20.73 North Carolina . 3,726 31.62 5,792 39.94 North Dakota . 2,107 36.92 — - — Ohio . 9,208 26.87 8,033 25.04 Oklahoma . - 9,637 8.555 36.02 1,082 29.12 Oregon . - 4,756 3,055 36.67 1,701 39.82 Pennsylvania . - 17,693 5,248 33.79 12,445 22.36 Rhode Island . 1,373 498 29.63 875 26.08 South Carolina . - 4,159 2,309 37.74 1,850 36.03 South Dakota . . 2,664 1,713 46.97 951 43.92 Tennessee . 3,212 34.08 4,342 34.52 Texas . 12,748 36.78 7,881 38.94 Utah . 3,346 43.62 1,058 38.87 Vermont . 501 32.16 505 31.79 Virginia . .... 7,492 3,439 33.04 4,053 40.76 Washington . 5,351 32.57 1,845 37.76 West Virginia . 2,597 29.13 956 38.06 Wisconsin . - 7,553 5,297 29.78 2,256 27.19 Wyoming . 650 38.64 — — 1/ Difference between this total and that carried in tables J and 2 due to dropping of decimals . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 17 tion in the several States, costs per student in higher education in the several States, and migration of students from State to State. Students in other types of courses. — The enrollment figures so far dis¬ cussed do not include the following: 66,232 collegiate and 14,286 non- collegiate students in correspondence work; 185,227 collegiate and 32,156 noncollegiate students in extension work; 41,441 persons taking short courses, usually of not more than a week in length; 29,051 secondary pu¬ pils (not in training schools); and 34,071 secondary and 61,464 elementa¬ ry pupils in training schools attached to institutions which train teach¬ ers. Further details of these enrollments will he found in table 9. Earned degrees. — Slightly more than 143,000 persons received the bac¬ calaureate or the first professional degree in 1935-36; more than 18,000 the master’s degree or a comparable advanced degree in engineering; and the doctorate was conferred on 2,770 persons. Percents of change from 1933-34 are: Baccalaureate and first professional, 5.1 percent increase; master’s, a negligible increase; and doctor’s, 2.1 percent decrease. (See tables 1 and 2.) When degrees in professional schools in 1935-36 are compared with those granted in 1933-34, some rather striking changes are noticeable. When professional school enrollments for the 2 years are brought into the com¬ parison, these changes appear all the more striking, some professions showing an increase in students, but a decrease in degrees granted. Ex¬ amples of this are in dentistry, where an increase of 1.5 percent in stu¬ dents contrasts with a decrease of 7.3 percent in degrees, and in law, where an increase of 0.9 of 1 percent in students contrasts with a de¬ crease of 8.0 percent in degrees. (See table 6.) Honorary degrees. — The total number of honorary degrees reported in 1935-36 was 1,347. This is 5.2 percent more than in 1933-34, when 1,280 were reported. The doctorate was as usual the most popular honorary degree, 1,239 be¬ ing of this designation. Twenty-four different types of doctorate were conferred; the four most popular being the LL.D., the D.D., the Sc.D., and the Litt.D. This order has remained constant since 1927-28. For the five bienniums prior to 1927-28 the same doctorates were the most popular, but the D.D. consistently outnumbered the LL.D. Fifteen varieties of honorary master’s degrees were conferred on 96 persons, the M.A. and the M.S. being the most common. Twelve persons received other honorary degrees: Five the A.B., one the Ph.B., two the C.E., one the M.E., and three were reported as honorary degrees without specification. FINANCES, GENERAL SUMMARY While in student enrollment, colleges and universities were at the de¬ pression low in 1934, the drop in income in 1934 was even much more pro¬ nounced than the drop in enrollments. Therefore, when comparisons are made between 1934 and 1936 in items of receipts or expenditures for high¬ er education account must be taken of that fact. Significant increases for the biennium may mean only an approach to the predepression level. A commendable increase over previous bienniums in the number of insti¬ tutions reporting financial data is due in part to the report of the Na¬ tional Committee on Standard Reports in Higher Education and to the Fi- 13 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 nancial Advisory Service set up in the American Council on Education to promote the use of the recommended forms by the colleges. The number of institutions reporting on the income items increased 13.6 percent to 1,541, on the expenditures items 16.1 percent to 1,540 and on the prop¬ erty items 7.3 percent to 1,362. In general the added institutions are small, and the fact that they are added does not modify the total a- mounts in any of the items by anything like a comparable percentage. As a matter of fact, the total receipts reported by the larger number of institutions in 1935-36 were only 11.6 percent greater than the receipts for the smaller number of institutions in 1933-34. During the same 2 years, the expenditures for educational and general purposes increases 13.6 percent and for capital outlay, 60.1 percent. There is ample evidence to show that the increases in these items when identical institutions are used in the computation are almost as large as the ones here reported. RECEIPTS (a) From public funds . — Receipts from public sources for all institu¬ tions reporting totaled $183,868,398. This may be compared with $142,861,675 reported as total receipts in 1933-34, and with $199,641,930 in 1931-32. (b) From student fees. — Receipts from student fees (for matriculation, tuition, laboratory and library fees and other instructional purposes) amounted in all institutions reporting to $158,134,025. This represents an increase of 14.4 percent over the 1933-34 total of $138,257,350. In 1931-32 the corresponding figure was $150,649,047. Student fees in 1935-36 constituted 16.2 percent of the total receipts of publicly controlled institutions, and they amounted to 49.5 percent of the total receipts of privately controlled institutions. (c) From endowments. — Income from endowment came to a total of $60,090,075 for all institutions reporting in 1935-36. It constituted 2.4 percent of the receipts of publicly controlled institutions, but accounted for .22.9 percent of the total in institutions under private control. (d) From gifts and grants. — Receipts from private gifts and grants in 1935-36, were: For current and capital purposes, $37,115,240; for in¬ crease of endowment, $47,038,548; total (omitting minor items not com¬ piled) $84,153,788. Corresponding items for 1933-34 were; Current and capital purposes, $27,467,860; for increase of endowment, $27,477,963; total, $54,945,823. Percents of increase for the biennium are; Current and capital funds, 35.1; endowment funds, 71.3; total, 53.2. As might be expected, the bulk of private gifts to higher education went to institutions under private control, nearly $70,000,000 going in this direction. Of special interest, however, is the shift in the share going to publicly controlled institutions. In 1929-30 these schools re¬ ceived 6.3 percent of the total of all private gifts and grants reported; in 1931-32 their share was 7.1 percent; in 1933-34 it rose to 9.8 percent and in 1935-35 it came to 16.9 percent. (e) Nonsalariod service. — Included among the 37 million dollars of pri¬ vate gifts and grants for current and capital purposes is nonsalaried ser vice valued by the 170 institutions receiving it at a total of $6,626,715 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 19 This is 9.0 percent more than in 1933-34, when $6,077,877 was reported by 160 institutions. The amount reported by 141 institutions in 1931- 32 was $5,102,905. Details of the contributions of this type in 1935-36 are found in ta¬ ble L. (f) Auxiliary enterprises and activities.— Receipts from all auxiliary enterprises and activities totaled $l0^,47,9, 162 , These included ath¬ letics, boarding and rooming houses operated by the institutions, student unions, student infirmaries, and similar extracurricular activities. TABLE L.~ ESTIMATED VALUE OF NONSALARIED PERSONAL SERVICE RENDERED, IN¬ STITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1935-36 Type of institution All insti- : tut ions : reporting : Publicly : controlled : institutions Privately controlled institutions Num-: ber : Amount : ; Num- : :ber : Amount Num-: Amount 1 2 : 3 : : 4 : 5 6 : 7 All institutions: Degree-granting . 132 $6,095,634 3 $64,574 129 $6,031,060 Non-degree-granting. . 38 531,081 _ 38 531,081 Total . 170 6,626,715 3 64,574 167 6,562,141 COMPARISONS OF AMOUNTS OF INCOME FROM THE SEVERAL SOURCES Percentage analyses of educational and general receipts of all insti¬ tutions of higher education, classified by type, control, and level, are presented in table 4. One particular trend in connection with college and university finances seems of unusual importance. That trend has to do with the relative im¬ portance of the several sources from which income is derived. To reveal that trend from 1925-26 to 1935-36 table M has been prepared. The insti¬ tutions are divided into the two classes — publicly controlled and pri¬ vately controlled. In this table it will be observed that the percentage of income de¬ rived from student fees in publicly controlled institutions rose from 13.5 to 16,2 percent during the 10 years, while the amount received from State and local governments decreased from 59.7 to 52.6 percent. Thus, the decrease in public support is partially made up by the increase in student fees. In the privately controlled group it will be observed that the percent¬ age derived from student fees increased from 47.0 to 49.5 percent, but the income from endowment dropped from 25.3 to 22.9 percent. This amount 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 was more than compensated for in the increase in private gifts and grants from 8*8 to 14.1 percent. When all of the institutions are combined, it is observed that stu¬ dents are paying 2,9 percent more of the support than they did 10 years ago, while the State is paying 2.1 percent less of the support; and the institutions axe getting from private gifts and grants 2.9 percent more than they did 10 years ago. This trend may be very significant. Even though the percentage of re- TABLE M. —PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS, RECEIPTS FOR CURRENT PURPOSES,1 INSTITU¬ TIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1925-26 AND 1935-36 Item Publicly : controlled : institutions : Privately controlled institutions All in¬ stitutions reporting : 1925-26:1935-36:' 1925-26: 1935-36 1925-26: 1935-36 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 6 7 Number of institutions. 382 566 851 975 1,233 1,541 1. Student fees . 13.5 16.2 47.0 49.5 30.3 32.2 2. Endowment income .... 2.9 2.4 25.3 22.9 14.1 12.2 3. United States Government . 8.7 16.2 .4 .8 4.5 8.8 4. State and local governments . 59.7 52.6 1.8 2.7 30.7 28.6 5. Private grants . .6 1.5 8.8 14.1 4.7 7.6 6. Other sources . 14.6 11.1 16.7 10.0 15.7 10.6 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 including educational and general, noneducational, and other nonre¬ volving funds. ceipts from the Federal Government has nearly doubled, the time-honored American boast that education is free from the kindergarten through the university seems not to be as true as it once was. EXPENDITURES (a) Educational and general.— Educational and general expenditures, as reported by 1,540 institutions, totaled $419,882,833 in 1935-36. This is $50,221,756 or 13.6 percent more than the amount reported in 1933-34 by 1,327 institutions. Increases are reported in all of the items as follows: Administration and general control, 11.4 percent* resident in¬ struction: Colleges, schools, and departments 10.7 percent; related ac¬ tivities 43.0 percent: Organized research 29.5 percent; extension 47.0 percent; libraries 16.0 percent; operation and maintenance of the physi¬ cal plant 11.3 percent. Percentage analyses of the educational and general expenditures in de¬ gree-granting universities, colleges, and professional schools are given in table N. Amounts of these same expenditures, excepting extension, are presented in table 4. (b) Capital outlay.— Expenditures under this heading were in 1935-36: For buiTdings "and grounds $39,605,904; for equipment $7,763,503; total $47,369,407. This may be compared with the 1933-34 total of $29,502,932. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 21 RECEIPTS FOR INCREASE OF PERMANENT FUNDS Receipts intended for increase of endowment and other permanent funds of the various institutions over the country totaled $47,038,548, which represents an increase of 71.2 percent over the $27,479,968 reported in 1933-34. Of the 1935-36 total, 22.1 percent went to institutions under public control and 77.9 percent to institutions under private control. TABLE N . —PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS, ALL ITEMIZED EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EX¬ PENDITURES, DEGREE-GRANTING UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PRO¬ FESSIONAL SCHOOLS (EXCEPTING TEACHERS COLLEGES) , 1933-34 AND 1935-36 Item | Publicly : controlled : institutions : Privately : controlled : institutions : All in¬ stitutions reporting : 1933-34:1935-36: 1933-34: 1935-36: 1933-34: 1935-36 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 Number of institutions. 138 139 663 736 801 875 1. Administration and general expense.... 7.9 7.7 14.6 14.4 11.8 11.4 2. Resident instruction a. Colleges, schools, and departments . 48.9 46.3 59.8 57.9 55.1 52.7 b. Related activities. 6.1 6.8 3.0 4.1 4.3 5.3 3. Organized research.. 9.3 8.8 2.5 3.7 5.4 6.0 4. Extension. . 13.0 15.9 1.2 1.3 6.2 7.9 5. Libraries . 3.2 3.1 4.1 4.3 3.7 3.7 6. Physical plant oper¬ ation and mainte- nance . 11.6 11.4 14.8 14.3 13.5 13.0 Total. . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 PROPERTY (a) Library books. — Nearly 63 million bound volumes are reported in the libraries of 1,362 institutions of higher education over the country for the year ending June 30, 1936. Of the total number reported, 38.0 percent are at publicly controlled institutions and 62.0 percent are at institutions under private control. This division contrasts with that of student enrollment, wherein 50.8 percent of all students aro at pub¬ licly controlled institutions and 49.2 percent are at those under pri¬ vate control. (b) Buildings, grounds, and equipment. — The buildings, grounds, and equipment used primarily for educational purposes were valued at a total of $2,359,418,489 in 1936. Of this amount, 41.6 percent was held by pub¬ licly controlled institutions and 58.4 percent by institutions under pri¬ vate control. The total represents an increase of 4.7 percent over that reported in 1934. (c) Endowment, annuity funds, loan funds, and other permanent funds. — In 1936 the amount of these funds totaled $1,623,105,000, which represents 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 an increase of 5.4 percent over the $1,539,727,565 reported in 1934. VARIATIONS AMONG STATES In the preceding pages attention has been called to the more signifi¬ cant figures in the national totals of receipts and expenditures for higher education. While such national totals have significance, it must be remembered that in the United States, education is primarily a State function rather than a Federal function. It seems appropriate, therefore, to give some figures that will help to reveal to the several States some rough measure of their respective loads and contributions in higher edu¬ cation. (a) Ratio of adults to college age youth. — The number of young people to be educated is one measure of the educational need in any State. But the number of adults per young person is, in general, a measure of the productive capacity available to meet that need. Table 0 gives the bas¬ ic figures on population, and the number of adults per youth in each State. The total population figures for noncensus years in this and in all subsequent tables are the estimates made by the Bureau of the Census, and the estimates of the numbers 18 to 21 have been calculated by the Office of Education from corresponding figures available in the 1930 cen¬ sus figures. From this table it will be noted that California has 9.12 adults per youth. South Carolina has only 5.21 adults per youth, Oregon has 8.87 adults per youth, while Utah has 6.21, Such variations as these must be taken into account when examining data concerning higher education in the several States. (b) The States with separate schools and colleges for Negroes. — Because of the peculiar problem which results from the maintenance of separate schools and colleges for Negroes, it seems desirable to present the pop¬ ulation figures for the two races separately in those seventeen States and the District of Columbia which maintain separate colleges for Negroes. This is done in table P. While the ratio of adults to youth is greater for whites than for Ne¬ groes in most Southern States, the difference is not very great. If Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri be excepted, the ratio for whites is less than seven adults to each youth in all the other Southern States, whereas there are 17 States in which the ratio for the total population is more than eight adults per youth. (c) Students per thousand youth in the population. — While it is well recognized that institutions located in any State are not attended only by students residing in that State, it is significant to note the extent of differences among the States in respect to the numbers of students en¬ rolled in the institutions located within their borders. Table Q gives these figures for each State. Note that Delaware has only 46 students per thousand youth while Utah has 256, more than five times as many. Connecticut has 83; Massachusetts, 170; Newr Jersey, 58; and New York, 189. Even though these States have distinguished institutions which draw students from all over the country, their students do not outnumber many of the other States, the institutions in which are mainly local in their appeal. This comment is not intended as disparaging to those States ■whita are educating in colleges and universities either the larger or the smaller proportion of their young people. It is merely to bring out the fact that there are wide differences among the States. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 23 TABLE 0. — ESTIMATED POPULATION, ALL RACES, 1936 State All races s Total : » (all ages) : 18-21 years of age t 21 years of : : age and over : Number of adults per person 18-21 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 Continental United States.... 9. 439. <3 32 70.391.1R2 7.46 Alabama . 236,043 1.453.835 6.16 Arizona . 29.527 188,628 6.39 Arkansas . 166,932 1,052,671 6.31 California . 6,059,000 327,368 3.531.477 9.12 Colorado . 75.803 603,374 7.96 Connecticut . 120,911 859.788 7.11 Delaware . 18,292 154,340 8.44 District of Columbia . 43.534 420,663 9.66 Florida . 122,370 931.909 7.62 Georgia . 270,233 1.571,938 5.82 Idaho . 36.047 258,440 7.17 Illinois . 55^.072 4,553,126 8.22 Indiana . 236,705 2,077.271 8.78 Iowa . 176,307 1.515.452 8.60 Kansas . . 1,836,000 136,762 1,109,024 8.11 Kentucky . 212, s4o 1.561,779 7.34 Louisiana . 172.745 1.129,696 6.54 Maine . 55.540 469,665 8.46 Maryland . 119.905 983.596 8.20 Massachusetts . 296,600 2,288,366 7.72 Michigan . 323.465 2,544,133 7-87 Minnesota . 187,161 1.501,789 8.02 Mississippi . 169.907 1.027.323 8.05 Missouri . 3.959.000 280,807 2,422,949 8.63 Montana . 531,000 36.973 295.305 7.99 Nebraska . 101,763 776.819 7.63 Nevada . 6,123 58,426 9.54 New Hampshire . 32.530 280,975 8.64 New Jersey . 305.251 2.333.722 7.65 New Mexico . 422,000 32,588 201,938 6.20 New York . 914,862 6,970,821 7.62 North Carolina . 293,896 1,678,101 5 .7! North Dakota . 703,000 57,779 351.736 6.09 Ohio . 461,372 3,920,849 8.56 Qkl ahnmA . 206,331 1,347,805 6-53 Oregon . 69.690 617,971 8.87 Pennsylvania . 731 .087 5,490,416 7.51 Rhode Island . 681,000 47,894 354.271 7.40 South Carolina . 1,860,000 167,770 874,570 5.21 South Dakota . 52,608 373.888 7.11 Tennessee . 235.185 1,547,24 2 6.58 Texas . 6,117,000 504,148 3.156.575 6.26 Utah . 40,620 252,469 6.21 Vermont . 25.384 214,939 8.47 Virginia . 212,132 1,426,330 6.72 Washington . 113.909 963.532 8.46 West Virginia . 140.037 925,077 6.61 Wisconsin . 2,908,000 202,755 1,637.880 8.08 Wyoming . 16.969 128.323 7.56 TABLE P. — ESTIMATED POPULATION, 1936, IN IS STATES 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 cvi U | «H O CO O p.rH 0) o 3 tJ © « P pi » cm CO o p, . p © p © -P o P rH g P p -p © sS 5 p Pi P o £ Texas . 4,504,633 364,834 2,528,817 6.93 886,253 77. 761 486,730 6.26 Virginia . 1,955.232 154,501 1,064,218 6.89 707,779 57.186 358,327 6.27 West Virginia . 1.710,346 131.408 855.109 6.51 _ 120,01 6 _ 8,828 _ 70.107 7.94 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 25 TABLE Q. — NUMBER OF STUDENTS IN 1935-36 ENROLLED IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN EACH STATE PER 1,000 POPULATION 18 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE :Num- :Num- :ber of :ber of State : stu- State : stu¬ : dents dents 1 : 2 1 : 2 Continental United States. 128 Montana . . 70 Nebra aka . . . . 155 Ari 7,ona. . . . . . 170 Nevada . . 174 Arkansas. . . . New Hampshire . California. , New Jersey . Colorado. . . , New Mexico . Connecticut. New York . Delaware. . . . . . 46 North Carolina . . 89 District of Columbia . 442 North Dakota . Florida . . 74 Ohio . Georgia . Oklahoma . Tdaho . . . . 156 Oregon. . . . . 181 Illinois. . . . Pennsylvania . Indiana . . . 115 Rhode Island . . 105 T owa . . . 150 South Carol i na ...... . 67 Kansas . South Dakota . Kentucky. . . . Tennessee . Louisiana . . 105 Texa s... . . . 109 Maine. . . . 85 Utah . . 256 Maryland . . . . Vermont • . . . Massachusetts . 170 Virginia . . 96 Michigan . Washington . Minnesota . West Virginia . Mississippi . . 66 Wisconsin . . . . . 129 Missouri . Wyoming . (d) Public support of higher education. — How much ought a State con¬ tribute from public funds toward higher education? That is a question asked by many State officers. Naturally there are many factors which must be taken into account when answering the question, but it is in¬ structive to know how much each of the States does contribute. Table R gives the amount of public funds contributed in 1935-36 by each State divided by the number of persons 18 to 21 years of age in the State. This table brings out clearly the difference in the public policies practised in the several States. In general, the Western States de¬ pend more largely upon publicly supported institutions and contribute annually from $20 to $30 per youth 18 to 21 years of age in the State toward the support of higher education. States which foster strong privately controlled institutions contribute much less — Connecticut, $5.28; Massachusetts, $7.64; New Jersey, $8.49; New York, $5.28, and Pennsylvania , $7.42. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 (e) Expenditures of -publicly controlled institutions. — In addition to the amount of State support, it is important to know what the total edu¬ cational and general expenditures of the publicly controlled institutions are in the several States. These figures are given in table S. This table indicates in a general way the relative emphasis placed upon publicly controlled higher education in the several States. When studied in conjunction v/ith tabie R, it also reveals the relative proportions of public funds and other support which go into the expenditures of publicly controlled institutions. In some States, the conception of public control carries with it public support. For example, in Colorado, for each $44.77 spent by publicly controlled institutions for educational and general purposes, $27.96 or 62 percent was appropriated by the State for educational and capital pur¬ poses combined. About the same proportion holds for a number of other States such as California, Florida, Iowa, Minnesota, Oregon, Washington, and Wisconsin. In contrast with these States, note that in Alabama, for example, for TABLE R . —RECEIPTS FROM THE STATE FOR HIGHER EDUCATION 1935-36 PER PER¬ SON 18 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE State . :cei 1 : 2 Continental United States. $12.67 Alabama . 3.03 Arizona . 38.90 Arkansas . 6.12 California . 27.44 Colorado . 27.96 Connecticut . 5.28 Delaware . 15.74 District of Columbia . . Florida . 14.89 Georgia . 3.60 Idaho... . 28.34 Illinois . 12.05 Indiana . 15.94 Iowa . 25.80 Kansas . 20.21 Kentucky . 9.71 Louisiana . 23.47 Maine . . . 15.64 Maryland . 23.21 Massachusetts . 7-64 Michigan . 22.22 Minnesota. . 27.02 Mississippi . 5.61 Missouri . . 10.78 State : Re¬ ceipts 1 . O Montana . §20.72 Nebraska . 22.69 Nevada . 41.04 New Hampshire . 18.98 New Jersey . 8.49 New Mexico . 22.74 New York . 5.28 North Carolina. . . . , . 5.62 North Dakota . 17.71 Ohio . 11.25 Oklahoma . 18.25 Oregon . 27.70 Pennsylvania . 7.42 Rhode Island . 9.21 South Carolina . 6.10 South Dakota . 15.14 Tennessee . 3.73 Texas . 10.49 Utah-. . . 21.44 Vermont . 8.06 Virginia . 7.88 Washington . 25.23 West Virginia . 13.45 Wisconsin . 28.63 Wyoming . 21.02 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 27 each $13.86 spent for educational and general purposes, by publicly con¬ trolled institutions, only $3.03 or 22 percent was appropriated by the State. Similar low proportions are found in other States such as Georgia, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The assumption that public con¬ trol carries with it public support holds in widely varying degrees in the several States. (In comparing table R with table S, it will be remembered that table R is based upon total State appropriations, including building funds, while table S is based on only educational and general expenditures excluding buildings. Therefore in a State where large appropriations are made for buildings the item in table R may approach or even sur¬ pass in size the item in table S. Note Louisiana as an illustration.) TABLE S.— EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES OF PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION 1935-36 PER PERSON 18 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE : Ex- State :pend- _ : itures 1 : 2 Continental United States.. $22,08 Alabama . 13.86 Arizona . 61.50 Arkansas . 11.66 California . 45.26 Colorado . 44.77 Connecticut . 12.39 Delaware . 35.61 District of Columbia . * 17.37 Florida . 19.63 Georgia . 10.88 Idaho . 43.01 Illinois.. . 16.86 Indiana . 28.15 Iowa . 48.08 Kansas . 37.16 Kentucky . 19.09 Louisiana . 21.99 Maine . 25.87 Maryland . 145.90 Massachusetts . 8.90 Michigan . 44.49 Minnesota . 41.40 Mississippi . 16.91 Missouri . 16.45 :Ex- State :pend- _ : itures 1 : 2 Montana . $41.30 Nebraska . 36.86 Nevada . 83.57 New Hampshire. . 39.22 New Jersey . 14.84 New Mexico . 41.51 New York . ^0.98 North Carolina . 14.84 North Dakota . 34.68 Ohio . 21.51 Oklahoma . 26.21 Oregon . 45.87 Pennsylvan ia . 1 9 . 21 Rhode Island . 15.77 South Carolina . 14.48 South Dakota . 35.63 Tennessee..., . 10.74 Texas . 21.30 Utah . 44.73 Vermont . 43.92 Virginia . 25.08 Washington . 38.67 West Virginia . 20.77 Wisconsin . 40.38 •Wyoming . 46.00 1 Uiese States in particular and some other States to a lesser degree make public appropriations to certain privately controlled institutions; such institutions are not included in these computations but are in table R. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 (f) Expenditures in all institutions combined. — Higher education in the United States is a dual system comprising publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions. But both types of institutions work for essentially common purposes. Both types must be combined when the State’s facilities in higher education are being considered. Therefore, table T was compiled to show the total educational and gen¬ eral expenditures by all the institutions of higher education in each State per youth 18 to 21 in the State. Two factors tend to accentuate the variations shown in this table. First, the presence in a State hav¬ ing only small population, of one or more institutions with heavy expen¬ ditures. New Hampshire is an illustration. Second, the location in a State of institutions which draw large numbers of students from other States. Even when the figures are discounted for these two factors, however, there remain very great differences. These probably reflect in a measure the differences in higher educational opportunity available in the several States. TABLE T.— EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES FOR BOTH PUBLICLY AND PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS OF HI CHER EDUCATION PER PERSON 18 TO 21 YEARS OF AGE : Ex- State :pen- _ ;dltures 1 : 2 Continental United States. $44.48 Alabama . 19.64 Arizona . 61.50 Arkansas . 13.66 California . 70.42 Colorado . 57.13 Connecticut . 77.90 Delaware . 35.61 District of Columbia . 106.84 Florida . 25.81 Georgia . 19.98 Idaho . 48.00 Illinois . 48.82 Indiana . 43.92 Iowa . 61.15 Kansas . 47.18 Kentucky . 25.41 Louisiana . 34.26 Maine . 44.92 Maryland . 78.93 Massachusetts . 87.39 Michigan . 51.40 Minnesota . 54.88 Mississippi . 20.73 Missouri . . 37.56 Ex- State :pen- _ ;ditures 1 : 2 Montana . $43.37 Nebraska . 43.80 Nevada . 83.57 New Hampshire . 93.22 New Jersey . 29.13 New Mexico . 41.51 New York . 63.38 North Carolina . 31.61 North Dakota . 36.85 Ohio . 41.15 Oklahoma . 29.15 Oregon . 60.50 Pennsylvania . 38.49 Rhode Island . 49.36 South Carolina . 20.14 South Dakota . 44.25 Tennessee . 29.42 Texas . 30.43 Utah . 57.08 Vermont . 78.87 Virginia . 39.81 Washington . 45.89 West Virginia . 23.90 Wisconsin . 52.43 Wyoming . 46.00 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 29 ABILITY TO PAY THE COSTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION There are many factors -which enter into the State’s ability to meet the costs of its institutions of higher education. Some of these fac¬ tors help to explain the wide variations among the States revealed by the foregoing tables. Not all these factors can be isolated, but three arrays of facts would seem to be worth recording here so as to shed what light they will upon why the States vary so widely in their programs of higher education. These arrays of facts have to do with accountable in¬ come, Federal income taxes paid, and Federal relief distributed. (a) Accountable income.— The agency believed by many to collect the most reliable data*~on income is the National Industrial Conference Board. The figures published by this board as an estimate of the total accountable income in the several States are reproduced in Table U. Figures for two separate years, 1929-30 and 1935-36, are included in or¬ der to show what States, if any, have shifted materially their positions in the rank order of States during the 6-year period. The total income figures are divided by the number of youth 18 to 21 in the States. The table lists the States in order of the accountable income in 1935-36 per youth 18 to 21. In column 5 of the table is given the rank order of States in 1929-30. "While there are a few notable exceptions, such as Montana (from 23rd to 12th), the rank order of States is about the same for both years. The variations revealed in either column 4 or column 8 may, therefore, be noted as an indication of the difference in financial ability to sup¬ port a system of higher education. The highest ranking 10 States aver¬ age more than $9,000 of accountable income per year per youth 18 to 21 years of age, while the lowest ranking 10 States average less than $3,000, only a third as much as the highest 10 States. (b) Federal income taxes paid.— One measure of the income received by the more prosperous individuals and corporations is the Federal income taxes paid. These individuals and corporations are not only the source of their share of public tax income for the State but they are the prin¬ cipal donors to institutions of higher education. In addition, there¬ fore, to recording the per capita Federal income tax collections by States, there is also recorded in table V the amounts of private gifts and grants received by institutions of higher education during 1935-36. Of course it is well known that not all gifts to a given college come from donors living within the State where a college is located. On the other hand, there should be some relation between the availability of wealth within a State and the amount of gifts received by the institu¬ tions in that State. The placing of the data about gifts in table V should not be allowed to obscure the main purpose of the table which is to show the wide va¬ riation in the income tax per capita collected in the several States. Delaware stands first with $44.02 per capita. North Dakota stands last with 27 cents per capita. Thirteen States stand above $5.00 per capita while 9 States stand below $1.00. (c) Relief funds.— The third array of data relate to the extent of Fed¬ eral relief funds given to the several States. It is obvious that there is no close relationship between the emergency relief needs of a State and its inability to support higher education. Relief clients are not, generally speaking, the persons who contribute largely to tax collec¬ tions, or to tuition fees. On the other hand, the general economic con¬ dition which determines the extent of relief needs might be expected to 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193U-36 TABLE U.— TOTAL INCOME PER PERSON 18 TO 21 YEARS 0? AGE IN THE VARIOUS STATES, I929-3O AND 1935- 36 : 1935-3& : 1929-30 : Population: Accountable income : Population: Accountable income State 1 ] : 18 to 21 : Total : Per : Rank : IS to 21 : Total : : years of : for : person : of : years of : for : : asce : State 2/: is to 21 : State: ase : State 2/: Per :Rank person :of is to 21 : State 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 3 : 6 ; 7 : ' 8 _ i_9 Continental United States . .. 3,439,532 $51,512,0 _ 9,026,741 $75,774.0 3/$g,394-39 _ — District of Columbia 43.534 620.0 14, 241.74 1 34,274 569.5 16,645.27 1 New York . 914,862 9.565-5 10,455.68 2 890,751 13.049-5 14,661.22 2 Nevada . 6,123 63.5 10,370.73 3 5,c81 74.5 13,348.86 5 California . 387.368 3.961.5 10,226.71 4 363.213 4,972.0 13,688.94 3 Delaware . 18,292 172.0 9,403.02 5 16,842 225.5 13.389.15 4 Connecticut . 120,911 1,128.5 9.333.31 6 112,178 1,368.0 12,194.90 6 Rhode Island . 47,894 405.0 8,456.17 7 48,434 507.5 10,478.18 10 Massachusetts . 296,600 2,501.0 8,432.57 8 28R.075 3.327.5 ll.672.37 7 Wyoming . 16.969 I36.O 8,014.61 9 l6,445 155.5 9,455-76 l4 New Jereey . 305.251 2.356.5 7.719.88 10 285,514 3.136.0 10,983.70 9 Illinois . 554.072 4,186.5 7,^55.88 11 539.342 6,122.0 11,350.87 8 Montana . 36.973 277-0 7.&91.95 12 37.467 312.0 8.327.33 23 -^'Michigan . 323.465 2,420.5 7,483.04 13 328,036 3,227.0 9.837.33 11 . Wisconsin . 202,7*5 1,490.0 7,348.77 14 205,036 1.757.5 8,571.67 20 Ohio . 461,372 3.362.5 7,288.05 15 457.323 4.253.5 9.300.87 15 Pennsylvania . 731.087 5.179.0 7,083.97 16 695.211 6.750.5 9.710.15 12 New Hampshire . 32.530 229.*5 7.055.03 17 29. 817 271.0 9,088.77 17 Maryland . 119,905 845.0 7,047.25 18 116,942 1,075.5 9.196.87 16 Washington . 113.909 783-5 6,878.30 19 108,534 1,034.0 9.526.97 13 Maine . 55.540 370.0 6,661.87 20 51.969 449.5 8,649.39 19 —Indiana . 236,705 1,527.0 6,451.07 21 221,898 1,684.0 7,589.07 26 — Minnesota . 187.161 1.198.5 6,403.58 22 182,321 1,379.0 7,563.58 27 Colorado . 75.803 482.0 6.358.59 2 3 73.747 620.5 8,413.90 22 Arizona . 29.527 185-5 6,282.39 24 31.714 245.5 7,741.06 25 Oregon . 69,690 437.0 6,270.63 25 65,441 569.5 8,702.51 18 Vermont . 25,384 148.5 5,850.14 26 24,005 202.0 8,4l4.92 21 Iowa . 176,307 997-5 5.657.74 27 171.427 1,190.0 6,941.73 29 Missouri . 280,807 1,551.0 5.523.37 28 257.540 2,045.5 7,942.46 24 Kansas . 136,762 745.0 5,447.42 29 136,628 941.0 6,887.31 30 Nebraska . 101 ,763 525.0 5.159.05 30 102,918 737.5 7.165.90 28 Idaho . 36.047 184.0 5,104.45 31 33.124 224.0 6,762.47 31 Florida . 122,370 623.O 5,091.12 32 109,489 718.0 6,557.74 33 New Mexico . 32.588 159.5 4,894.44 33 32.735 165.5 5,055.60 37 Utah . 40,620 197-0 4,849.83 34 40,049 265.O 6,619.89 32 West Virginia . 140,037 635.5 4,538.09 35 132.536 738.5 5.572.07 35 Virginia . 212,132 883.O 4,162.50 36 192,619 951.0 4,937.21 39 TexaB . 504,148 2,083.0 4,131.72 37 480,803 2,481.0 5,160.12 r Louisiana . 172,745 703.0 4,069.58 38 171.296 764.5 4,463.03 42 South Dakota . 52,608 205.0 3.896.75 39 52,728 294.5 5.585-27 Kentucky . 212,840 755-5 3.549.61 40 193.133 896.5 4,64l .88 41 Oklahoma . 206,331 709.5 3.438.65 4l 195.851 934.5 4,771.48 40 North Dakota . 57.779 196.5 3,400.89 42 56.034 281.0 5,014.81 38 North Carolina . 293.896 915.5 3,115.05 ft 269,806 924.5 3,426.54 r Georgia . 270.233 834.5 3,088.08 44 257.103 908.* 3,533.60 43 Tennessee . 235 .185 723.0 3,074.18 45 215,121 858.O 3.988.45 South Carolina . 167,770 449.5 2,679.26 46 157.000 447.5 2,850.32 48 Alabama . 236 ,043 6O8.5 2.577.92 47 218.359 741.0 3.393.49 46 Arkansas . 166,932 412.5 2,471.07 48 153.140 472.5 3,085.41 47 Mississippi . 162,901. 404.0 2.^77.77 . ...49.- 170.192 46l.* 2.711.64 42 1/ Listed in order of 1935-36 income per person 18 to 21 years of age. 2/ From data supplied by National Industrial Conference Board; data expressed in millions of dollars. 3/ Average. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 31 TABLE V.— FEDERAL INCOME TAX COLLECTED IN 1936 AND PRIVATE GUTS AND GRANTS TO INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1935-36 State : Federal income tax : oaid. 1916 : Private gifts and grants to institu¬ tions of higher education. 1955-56 Amount : Per capita: (thousands): (dollars) : For current: For increase: : or building: of permanent: : purposes : funds : Total :Per capita (thousands): (thousands) : (thousands) : (dollars) 1 : 2 : 1 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 Continental United States.. *653.290 $5.09 $37,115 $47,059 $84,154 $0.66 Alabama . 1.702 •59 347 554 901 .31 Arizona . 648 1.60 3 2 5 .01 Arkansas . 797 •39 H3 38 151 .07 California . 42,013 6.94 2,274 2,432 4,706 • 77 Colorado . 4.057 3-81 218 304 522 .49 Connecticut . 17.227 9.93 2,081 2,986 5.067 2.92 Delaware . 11,402 44.02 1 8 9 .03 District of Columbia . 7.176 11.59 755 406 l,l6l 1.87 Florida . 8.933 5.44 107 37 144 .09 •Georgia . 2.396 .78 467 1.536 2,003 .65 Idaho . 351 .72 59 39 98 .20 Illinois . 51.134 6.^2 3.362 7.O85 10,447 1*33 Indiana . . 8,487 2.45 896 502 1,398 .40 Iowa . 2.791 1.10 817 299 1,116 .44 Kansas . 2,042 1.08 624 634 1.258 .67 Kentucky . 3.742 !*30 368 415 783 .27 Louisiana . 3,066 1.44 537 133 670 .32 Maine . 2.56s 3.01 134 429 563 .66 Maryland . 12,613 7.18 837 261 1.098 .66 Massachusetts . 31,804 7.19 2,886 1,618 4,504 1.02 Michigan . 28,319 5.19 946 4,425 5.371 1.12 Minnesota . 6.673 2.53 1,146 l,44o 2,586 • 98 Mississippi . 870 •v 122 10 152 .07 Missouri . 12.U26 3.14 905 1,841 2,746 .69 Montana . 981 1.85 32 2 34 .06 Nebraska . 1,796 1.32 305 564 869 .64 Nevada . ■. 1.364 1.36 7 6 13 •13 New Hampshire . 1.435 2.82 249 239 488 .96 New Jersey . 34,604 8.00 653 686 1.339 •31 New Mexico . 365 .86 1 15 16 .04 New York . 202,971 15.69 4,300 5.133 9.433 .73 North Carolina . 6.419 1.86 463 240 7° 3 .20 North Dakota . 191 .27 19 5 24 .03 Ohio . 28,982 4.32 2,113 1,294 3.407 ■51 Oklahoma . 3.433 1.36 219 542 76l .30 Oregon . 1,626 1.60 335 ill 446 .44 Pennsylvania . 57.053 5.64 2.837 3.916 6.753 • 67 Rhode Island . 6,002 8.81 161 561 722 1.06 South Carolina . 803 • 43 201 34 235 •13 South Dakota . 345 •50 139 53 192 .28 Tennessee . 3.937 1-37 965 2,418 3.383 1.18 Texas . 19.498 3.19 1.530 1.560 3.090 •51 Utah . 686 1-33 426 112 538 1.04 V ermont . 504 1-33 211 179 390 I.03 Virginia . 5.269 1.97 58I 417 998 •37 Washington . 3,860 2-35 329 204 533 •32 West Virginia . 2.276 1.24 65 20 35 •05 Wisconsin . 5.577 1.92 969 950 1.919 .66 Wyoming . 646 544 544 1.48 TABLE W.— EXPENDITURES OF WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION, AND EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL EXPENDITURES OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, 1935-36 , PER CAPITA OF TOTAL POPULATION 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 o •h! *h *3 tti o d II Eh 43 O h u H^ PH © h- CVI Is- in pH cvi h cr> o cvj mininCVJ m eo mvo vo . VO pH VO O CVJ OW MOO in cvi incvi vo i g § §1 a o d <« u ,0 N CJ *H O d! tI H H VOOWIA C\j CVJ* CVJ CVI crv mr— mcrv pH HP o o fn ^4 E. O « o ^5 ^5 •p-p o « |t Jh *H H o cij © El -H « rt+S g O cvi m IA^ CVJ rH cvj cvj jA inm 1 bo 60 h- m 60 CVJ cA.A 60 h- ino cvj to eo vo mo J-^'r J irvA *0 *H ■a g'ss > © « ^ p} £>,H ° o n ® Jl Jl W) £ -d hp hp o a o fd p Pi © o 5 o O pH S IO TO LfVET < mmmj- m m H mcvi jt Ino o-> O d rH o « a O *H - W) 3 a -a e s? © © HP © > pH cvj cvj in in > fl fl O «rl HP O g ©mo «£> crv B— vo o m m r-n cvj* rA pH 1 o vo r-i 60 ITvVO hi ITv vo vo o r— 1 cA o cvj* -A bo’ in^t irvvo o J-MB-OO lA hi in LTv CVJ* cA pH .A 60 .A © m ^ * 3 rH El O f! © § M h» • vi II § 6j0 © •H © ■8S •H «H a a •3 5\h 319 © m hp © © a tH -H O a a a HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 33 be reflected somewhat in expenditures for higher education even though the program of higher education is carried on through colleges and uni¬ versities whose budgets cannot fluctuate widely from year to year with¬ out great injury to their effectiveness. At any rate, the question is frequently asked as to the relative amounts of Federal relief funds going to the several States. The in¬ formation is here made available in table W. If considered along with the "accountable income" and the Federal income tax collections by States, it may help each State to appraise more justly its own efforts to provide higher education facilities for its own people. -0O0- The foregoing pages call attention to only a few of the significant facts contained in the tables which make up the main body of this re¬ port. Certain data from noneducation sources have been reproduced to aid in discovering the fuller meaning of some of the statistical tables regarding higher education. It is well recognized, however, that the few interpretations herewith reported can do no more than merely to suggest the many types of studies which the data in the statistical tables make possible. 3^ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION 193^36 Fig. 1. — Percent enrollment In Institutions of higher eduoatlon of population ages 1S-21 and total population PART II.— SUMMARIES FOR THE UNITED STATES Table 1. Historical summary, 1900-1936 . 37 Part 1. Universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges . 37 Part 2. Teachers colleges and normal schools. . 37 Table 2. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36, compared with 1933-34 . 38 Table 3. Financial data — totals for selected items, all institu¬ tions combined, 1935-36, compared with 1933-34 . 40 Part 1. Receipts . 40 Part 2. Expenditures . 41 Part 3. Property . 43 Table 4. Percentage analysis, 1935-36 . 44 Part 1. Receipts, educational and general . 44 Part 2. Expenditures, educational and general . 44 Part 3. Physical property and funds separately analyzed . 45 Part 4. All property held . 45 Part 5. Certain items as divided between publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions . 46 35 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Fig. 2. — Distribution by States of 1,628 Institutions of higher eduoation reporting personnel data, 1936 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 37 TaBLS 1. —HISTORICAL Smalm. I9QO-I936 Item 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1933-34 193^-36 1 2 3 u 5 6 Z Part 1. — Universities. colleges. professional schools. and Junior colleges I. Teaching staff Preparatory department*: 1. Hen . 2. Women . Total . Collegiate, professional, and graduate departments: 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . II. Students Preparatory departments: 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . Collegiate, professional, and graduate departments 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . III. Degrees conferred Baccalaureate and first professional: 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . Sraduat e : 4/ 1. Men . 2. Women - Total.. Honorary . Ph. D. degree, on examination 5/. 2.572 1.506 4,078 2,807 1.741 4.548 2.714 1.568 4,282 1.564 1.251 2,815 1/ 1/ 2.191 11 2.587 19.496 26.937 3.629 30.566 32.247 6.781 39.028 55.297 15.112 70.409 ll 77.096 i / 85.027 34,814 21.471 56.285 42, 616 23.426 66,042 38.398 20,911 59.309 27.766 19.543 47.309 13,688 9.500 23,188 15.395 12,285 27.680 128,085 39.914 167.999 185.147 69.693 254,840 222,242 134.452 356.694 563,841 335.282 899.123 566.391 333.066 899.457 662,571 400,469 1,063,040 P 27.410 i / 37.199 31.544 15.782 47.326 70,006 41,405 • 111,411 76.786 43.067 119.853 79.509 45.106 124,615 1,628 324 1.952 1.939 602 2.541 3.457 1.396 4.853 10,693 6.139 16,832 13.647 6.839 20,486 13.502 6.906 20,408 702 679 989 1.347 1.272 1.341 342 409 532 2,024 2/2,811 2/2.755 colleges and normal schools 1,860 2.512 **.372 2.195 3.71? 5.914 3,560 6,027 9.587 5.995 8,468 14.463 4,013 5,860 9.873 4.252 6,203 10.455 24, 169 45,424 69.593 19.746 68,815 88,561 19.110 116.125 135.435 36.646 124,878 161,524 42,130 87,884 130,014 46.496 90,430 136.926 1 I 9.387 63.961 73.348 25.990 112,866 138.856 23.775 62,946 86,721 26,219 80,968 107.I87 35.397 66,180 58.879 90,601 77.427 63,224 3.005 8,388 U.393 2.151 13.279 15.430 2.151 18,861 21,012 7.038 42,189 49,227 2,526 16,223 18,749 2.540 11,908 14,448 1 I 436 860 1.296 ?:8 u.073 5.555 10,748 16,303 6,422 11,840 18,262 1 1 I 4 325 3!2 637 371 m 1/ 1/ a u 8 6 — — ... ... 2/19 S/15 Part 2. — Teachers I. Teaching staff Women. . . Total. II. Students In teaching-training courses: 1. Regular session: a. Men . t>. Women . Total . Summer session: a. Men . b. Women . Total _ B. In observation and practice schools. III. Graduates A. Hondegree teacher-training courses: 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . B. Baccalaureate degree, teacher- training courses: 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . C. Graduate degrees: 4/ 1. Men . 2. Women . Total . D. Honorary . S. Ph. D. degree, on examination $J . U Hot tabulated by sex. 2/ All doctor's degrees, i,/ Data not collected. 4/ Includes master's and doctor's degrees. 5/ Included in graduate degrees above. 6/ Data not available in tabular form. , 1935-36, COMPARED WITH 19 3« BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 SIS sis 355 m 883 R3& iss m m 533 ®§£ Pw® m Hi ms § a *3 S S 11 a 3*5 ■Ml 353 a^a III 535 11,066 1.819 1.135 m m $&3 3 s. «j s 1 ass sss §35 5S» III Hi m as& 311 5J*P m 2 — 88* rSlAt? IS ! ! UNlT\g i i S ssg . Ill s&3 Hi a si a s stea 8 i m Sis all SIS Ha 5s» m S»P PI Ui *1* 1 § ^SS S £ m i*i a 11 988 339 ssrl 535 £181 sW S a *# a i m m s&s EH S5& m °^a III »RS III t^-T a sss g a ap| » a 355 -**mV aa<3 ®Ss 333 a S'"* sag ssi SIS 8 s SvsiSj § R SE* Hi 535 *°N* 155 m 33* •«s 833 555 585 -o'-r ss& Iss 1 1 1 $98 il m Hi **5 SSS*5 385 5*j m a 1 1 1 ri m 333 rfsfc? fit a 598 SR3 m a-- 81 3S5 a S **g s » Jtfr= S2i_lf Si 1 m *53 m SIS m m m m *s* mi r* m 5§S $38 i * M8 3 I 8*3 I S 8s § «* * S *38 § 8 *$* ®8s 358 6 8 #f I f i$£ 8 8 sH 2 S 8p* s* 8 SB S S s'li I 8 1 >8 ! 11 1 8*8 S3* PI 1 *83 -cf-S fc? 2*ft *88 IBS 858 5 S*g 8** rJoT-J 88* 8a8 II! i ! i S3* SB 3! SI *88 $£*• *aa i Sb * m *8* stes ££« SB «» s 111 IB *85 88p m ri*?® 111,002 83.995 195.007 SB 8 AM II! «* 5m 383 cvTco o II 88* £ Ipp * SIS $« kns-3 55* r?voV *3£ IB m * IS 88* rSr SI 8*& ill . 58* 3 m ^jV 85* 3S& 885 ns ill m a sis 858 -3 IXNON 811 MS Sis ■*»5? m -*w\o *8* 4 «ft£g * 8*5 PI IS SSS III IP 88* K\K\ f- If Bp «Vo ii!1 ill]! * a §ss ^ a a $ m r a a*s?a a e cf J I I III s a sfasC a i R £ &#«, 8 § 58* P I RSR § I *35 a ^ I § IB 3 i Br 5 5 -.-. « I 8jrp p * § si f 8 88S * I *85 ir> no* I ! s* IB Oi*OJ* rH m cfoi* 5*5 tfcJ 5S8 SB SIS . jwi HI HI K> KN i i i BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 1 IF «gl S mi i. ss m a gRrtVO' 3* ^3R *a s m\ we $s *« t Hi iH U iU ^ R S3 g 33 * 35IIG83 £5 **a f& a p g M S IlSIBM &F =*»£ SI * Hi m M e if SR" » a as g a* f gft£g»«B 11 Ht Sft s gif's i is mi ii $*23 « S" “S| R~ SESM^ Ms sFS SI mi £ ii sis ft 8RrtVO S' r““ *"8 ft R85 m\m 3* »* «s ise R*S 58 I 83 g,Kw M> £ oxrj ^ £3 831 ! S I SI EE »« IS ss i *« i a SSSiSts St »£ U isl m m i ii SKH’ * R °^3 | R3 If £3r U less s a at a R^SR CM O CM CM^-g <^ * 3$$IS«f SI «« If Hi see si s si |?8" 3*3 £ J?S 3 Sis I HI It »* ft SSI SS* 33 £ 8* 2 N Uri R r~ s te%\m it **e - iii sis £i I si £2" 3 a £ RS £ S8$IS£& SS »* n m gie if r Is R°*3 3 RS 3 §R$ I ftp £8 33 *®S SRB SS i S» * 3 R S K »sf S* Hi Hi ii I ii f£°3 £3^ 3S g 3S R S£S3**8 83 si* a* £ " issi f II sis II 31PS3 3 3a 33 « S&tlfff SI 3f I - sis Mi ii s Ii •* |iff SBR as $ p g fssIHS is **« r3 SRS M S8 I P C “ &- - 3 - I SSSi§5l SS »s gg - I»s sis ss i ii U 5 g£H^2 3S 3S3 83 i&ss i ii sis ii pdss * 3a ^53 E?3 mim ii «« as ssi sis ss i ii p» a®* «» I «» FFSisSs SS aa,5 gg iis ill ii 5 si 3^3 ^ - 3 P3ti«RS S3 ^ 33 Rgg #3 8 M ^R5 333 33 38^ 3 ^ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS £ is m m ssr» i= **' e» s tRsiesta s& ss B6“ *®S if I I# & w s ^ & m \m i* »* S3 j» ~ g S* s SS3I8& $S %8 ir *«< a i M £ “ - - i aaiss^g §& si 8 as i*8i * ^ -ai r US 3 5 assists aa »s ss si's *8® 5® s s* U volt' * 3 * ws\m m £& gpg j?£rf *i | s* 5 *gAI58S ft& ** $S £££ || | gfe s. K',r' «-• ~ -> & 8£&S*a& Sf **$ s£ ms s ii «ss s* 5 S * N Jt f isaiss* §& **& is® ssi m ii $ ii w vaincy ri (J «> 5 JSSiSgft 8S »» If §*E SS8 H 5 *» r SIS ISIS ££ s»s« I® sss gas is i ii S ''*'“ - S'” 1 1 §mmm i iasj ssb s s n » 8EBS&«£gS i Mi Hi s 3* 5 g~v8-a-rfj*- g -3S 3-3 5 §- i S BBfSiseSgS S 81 IS SSI £ S §£ i iiiimiii is j sis s *a s a-v-Ri“5“ s' * s a'“» a r * I £38*561*816 S SI I? ISS | S®»»B5-§P « i * »sa | RR $ 8 3£SfHSsf ? *1 Is £Ss e s SS a iiissiiii Hi mi s ii R S' » 5JW‘» 8 S“ f 5 SSSSSSStSS S SSIf SSS H fa I seaia^ss s iis m i ii 3 ft^a^as&g''' £ -*3^ g »“ a s ssmms\ s m si -is hse £ mstaea ss > Hi i ii s «-«-"« s'* i a * »** i *» 8 5 aSEIgfS8l £ £! 18 SIS * 8 £S s Si*i iiii si isii Hi « f3 R R ^ ^ » Sf a I §&fig$£&&! I S! if SS& s s H a gf&teias s i i‘8K a s» I $ R ^ 8SvSr ^ ~ S & IE$* 3$a " 4 B4®S15iBi s SSS S ii f ® S&8 8^8 I »R a i aass^ss s s i s^ *&? « s aa " s glissesf sss m. - £ ii | g8‘a»»^“ ^ r 8 r^ | gs I £ §&*&!£&& S s 118 M$ HU 8 iff fgf S ii S 8 R R R - * * 2 2 f § SSSIsSScf S s I IB Srr S f SS - a BlgissiSB i i ism Hi g ISaSRRBR” ^ 6 S &» i gs 77228 0—38 - 4 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 * *3 £.s 3 z si' 5 3P 3 *3 13ll HI $31 il. ) O rH * fl O . 1 »d jj 8 9 8 ■3 9*3 5 3 i: ■;] A3 *..1 mS!i| Sto.3 8 9 9 il-a g_.i 1 S? «) o rH V* Q H *v S8£S§ ims RrS~K? m kv vo r-r- .=*■ K\h- 3W9& & ki* m 4M§£ i m m 8 KSVO lTvK\ r— rH aV K88H&I w£ae ft ft £* * ftft O rH f^OOVOlTMT* O h-CM OSQS CO ICSr-KSOS K\ OAH ftftftSf ft ftft f^OO MVX)(Jonh Q ksoo v> Ctf <7\ OS O IfSrH 00 KVrH £Sft rH 0>0 KSCM Q KVVO o Q Q W cvj osr^rAoo uS hs rA^t #ok\o C\J ICS o KM— - rH KS rH CJ^t HU) rH rH £ft !^SM I O lA rH CM CTs CM I i* aisfs CStA h-CMTOrH «vo‘ sfa«« rH #H ft£ I to to r-i-4 to 5 i cUtef 44 r*\ os cm ifSr— rH .if OS OS (VI CVJ 5 o KxS 'S EX I CM h— K\ rH rH C\J I r--u> irsos^t VO ft ft CvJ CvJ CVJ VO CTViH s ftft ciS ft VO rf'v O BftP o r-r— S3 ft ft jt ft £2 SgJ? cvj cr\K\ cvj flcvc— £ si iii » £$ &3$g5 £ HR SIS FR8SI S SI SSI ft <8 kP°‘Rt SSISS I SI a*® * ' m p si ias o oo s^c ft 3 IfiBSS irvo hhKOv * ^ft ft A £ft Iff ft «■ " J BM mm l U Ffi SS ftt&ff 8 Kft ft >3 ft os o oo okn v& £?$ ft^ft t U 9 hi 389 111, \HI S' S " 8 5H1 *B Si 93 to 9 9 g* 3 s :58S^ ft §: KVO O O O rHVO VOH 1^ 5 ss m (rj* « &K*iW£ $ rH HOOVOCVJ 0>0> CTV00 V) i ki*S sr’ES # Sftw^ s I — (TV °'SJ8i SSS I J3F o>h?\ 8 ftf ft CTv S SS Sftft ft S'ftS crv^t KV rH irv CVJ KVW rH fco CO O ov ft B 8 £8 g -a r— CTv OVHOVHOV rH K\lA KVlTv^N CvJ O K>Q«Sf C CM r OSW C SS88S o o o irvoo S' » « ©? os us ks c\j r SI ITS OS OS OSlCSh- k^vu o r— cov^j hlvo h- <6 OS CM Q ITS CM h- O rH rV CM CM OS CVJ KV KS ft's ft's ft OS CVJ OS CM ?t3> 1? CM rH VD CM OS ?8 ft S'! £&* ftftS s ^ ftft§ii i i m s^ft I RrR S*9g £ *£ Jig ft ^ Hftfeftv §ftftft§ rA O Or) (0 H H KSKMTS CT\-f Q VD CM OS CM CM KS KSVD Q rA oo iACvj Co uJhhwuS ITS OS CM 3 lf\b0 fcO CM \^t osvd irsc ftS KMTVVX5 v'oS OS |R^ o a^ o r— vd cvj3- Co OS KS rH rH g RIP ftflft r— o Os OS rH rH S ft O ftlOvCM ?R8 I £ S m ftH I g 0 KSVO LCSC ovo irsc OJ KV -= ^1 I f & SO oo ITS B d P (0 «* mi 3liSI ^ § .. 9 _ S3 g . 3 lliillli H 9^ to 9 9 fi* . B 8*3 •|!l -3 H 1 5*1 9 5 v ill?!! i||l|l|3i . • c3 • • • • * fl p li3a Ilia; poPHI *f SH23 S 8 HSF £ SssBS * Isll i i*m S M H pT«T && MM g MSM £ mi i iiiii * mi s fpi| h $m n iiiii K &&S £ 3 i°^3‘ ~ -* -*s M &s£S & £a££& £ SMS E &s& 5* |&& S S*3si f£ MM a ftg?£g 3 ££** i i$m 8‘ |iw * *nss 3* S$» % MSI £ § iisi i mu « pH * rvsji a 2i »&si * sifsi s s i&i% ii i Hi l * £gRR Kf * ^ i sa mi § me& I s mi i iiU£ * JS5S » SV“‘SS »S SIks 8 *eH§ "S S»SB f *&£$ * |P| S' ipj^ ai sill s issil -# ft# s iftft s fill e PMi »s sigi s si ess i isii i i Hi * jgag s “ ~g SS eggs S SSSSI ~s MU i Urn * 1111 I ps'st HIGH EH INSTITUTIONS SS 5SSS * iiPSaj? s Urn s mm « pst s' £*»# fg sifi * Iksii 8 less I SSs'll « Sill S £*»f# - rt * HCVI* »* MM I SIMS s Isis § £ Mi st“^‘*° ~ * •*£ ££ MM $ SSSSS I igsi *' islil * §ssl s' ®s sssi s ssfii I ss'si i Isli'i s ||S| a i™£4 *g SfSS s sassi i MM s ills# s' pis * rvss 5S s IlSsi i s'lsl s f is# ^ ’asjjsg 8? N* ^8 8« S«ii I s&£s& s BEg # slsll |#a# 3 r'Mi m, £s%& a ssfefiS I sis# i iisle « I'fll t fss'H si sisi i lissi M mi £ s?sss s' MM i Sf SSfi s *!«BI I MU i s mi * Rr ^ is tm g m§* £ la'SS I g'fSSl * si'll I Mni ♦rH* CVi* A ^ SSK a 3HS§ I MM i SMSS H* fcS^IR ^ S 2$ %£ &£§* * m%* I fill s' lasli H S^wii » a SIS? »» 3£» S f issa s' issi a i it ir^ in is iass * issfs i eels I seise H r? S ^P= ^ ^8^ R 3(s&£ I ils'l e i sss H" •=*■ ^ H« MM § 3«*gg i ii*l t ^ ss'-fii ^ w «a && ism I ills # e s'ss si §ias s 8s*ai I Mii e sWII I s#g# e iiiss ~ 3&2S 5 a i» %&&* a i ss's'K a eifll “' sass » » 5I Rg isei « 3 i see I els'l i I “'!i 2iRj~^ ~ W*S I Iss's K E8KS ^ 15 s sio 414- BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 4.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS, 1935-36 s All institutions reporting: Publicly controlled : Privately controlled :Univer- Univer- : Univer- : sities. sities, : : sities, : : col- : col- : : col- : : leges. Teachers: leges, :Teachers: leges , : Teachers: Item and colleges: and : colleges: :and : colleges: profes- and : : profes- : and : profes- : and : sional : normal : sional : normal : sional : normal : schools : schools : Total : schools : schools : Total schools : schools :Total 1 2 : 3 = 4 •- 5 : 6 7 8 : 9 = 10 Part 1 . Receipts , educational and general (l,5Ul institutions) I. All institutions reporting: 1. Student fees . 33.4 19.1 32.2 16.1 16.8 16.2 49.3 62.2 49.5 2 . Endowment income . 13.3 0.8 12.2 2.8 0.4 2.4 23.0 9.1 22.9 3. Federal Government . 9.2 5.0 8.8 18.2 5-3 16.2 0.8 _ - 0.8 4. State and local governments: a. State . 20.4 66.7 24.3 39.6 70.2 44.4 2.7 0.2 2.7 b. County, city, district . 4.4 3.6 4.3 9.1 3.8 8.2 1/ 0.3 1/ 5- Private gifts and grants . 8.1 1.3 7-6 1.7 0.2 1-5 14.1 21.6 14.1 6. Sales and services of organized activities . 5.5 0.6 5-1 6.8 0.5 5.8 4.3 2.3 4.3 7. Other (miscellaneous) receipts . 5.7 2.9 5.5 5-7 2.8 5.3 5.8 4.3 5-7 Total . a 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 II. Degree-granting institutions: 1 . Student fees . 33-3 19.5 32.2 16.3 18.1 16.6 48.7 61.7 48.8 2. Endowment income . 13.8 0.6 12.8 3-0 0.2 2.5 23.7 16.0 23.7 3. Federal Government . . 9.5 4.8 9.2 19.1 5.0 17.1 0.8 — 0.8 U* State and local governments: a. State . 20.6 68.4 24.3 40.1 70.5 44.6 2.9 — 2.8 b. County, city, district . 3.4 2.7 3.3 7-1 2.8 6.4 1/ — - 1/ 5* Private gifts and grants . 8.1 0.6 7.5 1.8 0.2 1.6 13.7 12.4 13-7 6. Sales and services of organized activities . 5-7 0.6 5.3 7-1 0.5 6.2 4.4 4.3 4.4 7- Other (miscellaneous) receipts . 5.6 2.8 5.4 5-5 2.7 5.0 5.8 5.6 5.8 Total . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 III. Non-degree-granting institutions: 1 . Student fees . . 36.1 16.6 32.0 13.5 6.9 11.6 64.6 62.7 64.4 2 . Endowment income . 2.7 1-5 2-5 0.2 1.6 0.6 5.8 1.3 5-4 3* Federal Government . 1.5 6.7 2.5 2.6 8.1 4.1 1/ 1/ 4. State and local governments: a. State . 17.2 56.2 25.3 30.6 67.9 41.0 0.3 0.4 0.3 b. County, city, district . . 23.5 9.4 20.6 42.0 11.3 33.5 0.3 0.6 0.3 5. Private gifts and grants . 9.6 5.6 8.8 0.2 1/ 0.2 21.4 32.0 22.4 6. Sales and services of organized activities . 2.0 0.1 1.6 1.2 0.1 0.9 3-0 — 2.7 7. Other (miscellaneous) receipts . . 7.4 3.9 6.7 9.7 4.1 8.1 4.6 3.0 4.5 Total . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 l/Les6 than 1/10 of 1 percent. Part 2. Expenditures , educational and general (1,540 institutions) I. All institutions reporting: 1. General administration and expense . 12.5 11.9 12.4 9.2 11.5 9.6 14.8 17.7 14.9 2. Resident instruction: a. Colleges, schools, and departments . 57.3 65.2 58.1 55-9 65.7 57.7 58.4 57.0 58.3 b. Related activities . . . 5.6 1.5 5-2 7-7 1.3 6.6 4.0 4.6 4.0 3* Organized research . 6.2 0.2 5-7 9.8 0.2 8.0 3.7 1.3 3-7 I*. Libraries . 4.0 4.2 4.0 3.6 4.3 3.8 4.2 2.6 4.2 5. Physical plant operation and maintenance . 14.4 17.0 14.6 13.8 17.0 14.3 14.9 16.8 14.9 Total . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 II. Degree-granting institutions: 1. General administration and expense . 12.4 11.7 12.3 9.2 11.6 9.6 14.6 15-3 14.6 2. Resident instruction: a. Colleges, schools, and departments . . 57.2 65.0 57.9 55.1 65.2 56.9 58.7 59.i 58.7 b. Related activities . 5.8 1.8 5-4 8.1 1.5 7.0 4.1 7.4 4.1 3. Organized research . 6.5 0.3 6.0 10.4 0.2 8.6 3.8 2.1 3.8 4- Libraries . . . 4.0 4.4 4.1 3-7 4.5 3-8 4.3 3.8 4.3 5. Physical plant operation and maintenance . 14.1 16.8 14.3 13.5 17.0 14.1 14.5 12.3 14.5 Total . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 III. Non-degree-granting institutions: 1. General administration and expense . 14.3 12.7 14.0 8.8 10.9 9.4 20.9 20.7 20.9 2. Resident instruction: a. Colleges, schools, and departments . 59-7 66.1 61.1 68.3 68.8 68.4 49.6 54.5 50.1 b. Related activities . 2.2 0.2 1.7 2.1 1/ 1.5 2.2 1.2 2.1 3- Organized research . 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.6 4. Libraries . 2.9 2.8 2.9 3-2 3-2 3.2 2.5 1.2 2.4 5« Physical plant operation and maintenance . 20.6 18.1 20.0 17.5 17.1 17.4 24.2 22.1 23.9 Total . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1/Less than l/lO of 1 percent. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS *5 TABLE 4 . — PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS, 1935-36 - Continued All institutions reporting: Publicly controlled : Privately controlled Unive r— : Unive r- Univer¬ sities, col- ! sities, 1 col¬ sities. col— leges, : Teachers leges. Teachers : : leges Teachers : Item and colleges !and colleges: : and colleges2 profes¬ and :profes- and profes¬ and : sional normal : sional nornal sional normal : schools schools Total : schools schools :Total schools schools : Total 1 2 3 1* : 8 6 : 7 8 9 : 10 Part 3. Physical property and funds separately analysed (1,}62 institutions) I. All institutions reporting: 1 . Grounds . . 1U.6 9.5 lli.l 13.6 8.9 12.6 15-2 19 -U 15.3 2. Buildings . 75-1 69.1* 6U.5 75-6 66.8 71.3 67.3 71.2 3. Equipment . 15 -U 16.5 21 .9 15.5 20.6 13.5 13.3 13.5 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 U. Qidoument funds . 90.8 95.7 93.6 8U.7 93.1* 96.0 97-5 96.0 3* Annuity funds . — 2.6 2.U — 2.3 2.6 2.6 6. Loan funds . . 1.7 9.2 1.7 1..0 15.3 U-3 l.U 2.5 i.u Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 II. Degree-granting institutions: 1 . Grounds . . 1U.7 9.5 1U.2 13.7 9.2 12.8 15.3 17.6 15.3 2. Buildings . 7U. 1* 69.1 6U.2 7U.7 66.2 71.1 67.9 71.1 3. Equipment . . 16.7 16.1 16.7 22.1 16.1 21.0 13.6 1U.5 13.6 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I4,. Endowment funds . . 95-8 88.3 95.7 93-7 76.2 93 -U 96.0 97-3 96.0 5 • Annuity funds . — 2.6 2.1* — 2.3 2.6 — 2.6 6. Loan funds . . 1.6 11.7 1.7 3-9 23.8 U.3 1.U 2.7 1.U Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 III. Son-degree-granting institutions: 1. Grounds . . 13.5 9.7 12.7 12.3 6.1* 9.9 11*. 0 22.3 1U.7 2. Buildings . . 73-1 79.7 7U-5 72.0 83-3 76.6 73-6 66.3 73.0 3 • Equipment . . 13.1* 10.6 12.8 15.7 10.3 13.5 12 .U 11. u 12.3 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 U- Endowment funds . 99.1. 93-2 79.1 99.3 93-1 93-1 100.0 93-3 5. Annuity funds . . U.U — 3.8 5-5 — 1.7 U.3 — U.2 6. Loan funds . 0.6 3.0 15.1* 0.7 5-2 2.6 1/ 2.5 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Y/Less than l/lOofl percent. Part 1*. All property held (1#362 institutions) I. All institutions reporting: 1 . Grounds . . 8.3 9.1 8.U 11.1 8.7 10.7 7.U 1U.7 7-5 2. Buildings . . 39.3 71.8 Ul.l 52.7 73.7 56 .u 3U.7 50.7 3U.8 3. Equipment . . 9.5 lU-7 9.8 17.9 15.1 17 .u 6.6 10.0 6.6 Total . . 57.1 95-6 59.3 81. 7 97.5 8U.5 UB.7 75 -U U8.9 I4. Endowment funds . . Ul.l U.o 39.0 17.1 2.1 1U.5 U9.3 2U.0 U9.1 5. Annuity funds . — 1.0 0.5 — 0.3 1.3 — 1.3 6. Loan funds . . 0.7 OJ* 0.7 0.7 o.U 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 II. Degree-granting institutions: 1 . Grounds . 9.2 8.3 11.1 9.0 10.7 7-2 11.7 7.3 2. Buildings . . 38.5 71.5 U0.2 52.1 73 -U 55.6 33.9 U5.0 33.9 3. Equipment . . 9.U 15 .u . 9.7 18.0 15.8 17.6 6.5 9.6 6.5 Total . . 56.2 96.1 58.2 81.2 98.2 83-9 U7.6 66.3 U7.7 U* Endowment funds . 3.U 1*0.0 17.6 l.U 15.0 50.3 32.8 50.2 5* Annuity funds . — 1.1 0.5 — o.U 1.U — lM 6. Loan funds . . 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 o.U 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 III. Non-degree-granting institutions: 1. G rounds . . 11.9 8.9 11.3 12.0 5-8 9.U 11.9 21.3 12.6 2. Buildings . . 6U.5 73.8 66.5 70.1 76. U 72.8 62.2 63.3 62.3 3. Equipment . . 11.9 9.8 11. U 15.3 9-5 12.8 10.5 10.9 10.5 Total . . 88.3 92.5 89.2 97 -U 91.7 95-0 eu.6 95.5 85 J* U* Endowment funds . 7.5 10.1 2.1 8.2 U.6 1U.3 U.5 13.6 3 . Annuity funds . . 0.5 o.U 0.1 _ 0.1 0.7 0.6 6. Loan funds . . o.U 1/ 0.3 O.U 0.1 0.3 o.U 1/ o.U Total . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 l/Less than l/lO of 1 percent. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 4.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS, 1935-36 - Continued : : Universities , iAII :colleges and Teachers coir : institutions professional leges and : reporting : schools normal schools Item !Publioly Private-: Publicly: Private- Publicly: Private- :con- con- : con- : con- icon- : con¬ ! trolled trolled :trolled :trolled : : trolled : trolled 1 : 2 3 • 4 : ! ? 6 : 7 Part 5- Certain items as divided between publicly controlled and privately controlled institutions U I. Personnel 1. Number of institutions reporting . . 35-4 64.6 24.2 75.8 86.1 13.9 2. Total full-time staff . . 46.4 53-6 4l.i 58.9 92.1 7.9 3- Total resident college students, September to June... . 50.8 49-2 44.8 55-2 94.9 5-1 4. Total number of freshmen (estimated) . . 55-7 44.3 49-0 51.0 95-1 4.9 9. Baccalaureate and first professional degrees . 51.5 41.4 58.6 96.3 3.7 6. Master's degrees . . 60.3 38.5 61.5 73-7 26.3 7. Doctor's degrees . . 37.1 62.9 37.2 62.8 6.7 93.3 8. Honorary degrees . . 10.5 89.5 10.1 89-9 100.0 — II. Finances 1. Number of institutions reporting receipts . . 36.7 63.3 25.O 75.0 86.9 13.1 2. Total educational and general receipts . 48.0 47.9 52.1 95-0 5.0 3. Total additions to permanent funds . 77.9 22.1 77.9 30.8 69.2 4. Total receipts from public sources . 4.6 94-5 5-5 100.0 2/ 5. Total receipts from private gifts and grants . 83.1 16.8 83.2 18.6 81.4 6. Number of institutions reporting expenditures . . 63.2 25.1 74.9 86.9 13.1 7. Total educational and general expenditures . . 49.6 50.4 45.5 54.5 94.3 5-7 8. Total capital outlay . . 71.3 28.7 65.I 34-9 96.5 3-5 III. Property 1. Number of institutions reporting property . . 31.2 68.8 20.5 79-5 84.6 15-4 2. Total number of bound volumes in libraries . . 38.0 62.0 30.1 69.9 93.5 6.5 3. Total value of physical property . . 41.6 58.4 36.5 63.5 93.4 6.6 4. Total value of all property, including funds . 70.8 25.5 74.5 91.6 8.4 1/Varying numbers of institutions for different items. 2/Less than 1/10 of 1 percent. PART III.— SUMMARIES BY STATES Page Table 5. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36 . 48 Part 1. Totals . 48 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 49 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 50 Table 6. Students and degrees in professional schools, 1935-36 . 52 Table 7. Faculty variously classified, 1935-36 . . . 54 Part 1. Totals . 54 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 55 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 56 Table 8. Students of college grade in residence, variously classi¬ fied, 1935-36 . 57 Part 1. Totals . 57 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 58 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 59 Table 9. Students off campus, and secondary and military enrollments, 1935-36 . 60 Part 1. Totals . 60 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 61 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 62 Table 10. Students enrolled in professional schools, both independent and university schools, including teacher-training insti¬ tutions . 64 Table 11A. Students enrolled in, and graduating from, curricula pre¬ paratory to teaching, by school level, 1935-36 . 70 Part 1. Totals . 70 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 71 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 72 Table 11B. Students graduating from curricula preparatory to teaching by specialty, 1935-36 . 74 Part 1. Totals . 74 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 74 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 75 Table 12. Degrees in arts and sciences by major subjects, 1935-36.... 78 Table 13. Degrees in professional schools, both independent and uni¬ versity schools, including teacher-training institutions, 1935-36 . \ . 82 Table 14. Honorary degrees conferred, 1935-36 . 88 Table 15. Receipts, 1935-36 . 90 Part 1. Totals . 90 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 91 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 92 Table 16. Expenditures, 1935-36 . 94 Part 1. Totals . 94 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 96 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 98 Table 17. Property, 1935-36 . 100 Part 1. Totals . 100 Part 2. Publicly controlled institutions . 102 Part 3. Privately controlled institutions . 104 47 4a BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 £j £wi$*S i5~Rrtf7t JPSSJ*RJt S|S£^ •H * ria» si^i i***a »*irs §*m *11*1 cvi i *«*5R a-**g *a$ss mas es*a* r«*K Rs«e» JO rH rH ,H s gss& ***** $sm si^& ama mi* £ m m rH f-7 rH rH* m CM* rH* rH* v» rH* m^* % sssfg $*m sms mi& sssrb 3“bss msB ■Jg rH J* rH rH rH incvTrH rH rH rH rHjt inrH CvT rH rH rtH rH a *■''!«* *1*-* -fpst *a^§ nr** *hh*i g»T« £ rH* rH* in E »"*«* *M*fc ga«SS ***** «"*SH *P»*a I N w* - ^ i ms* *aasa s*aa* ssaas m& £»££§ assss g> in rH vocy rH h h h rH mtnm in in ciiv© i&£§ so c\T osin IRIII MHE asm jt mmA rH c^t—6o i— j-Vhnh ism sam gam (u incvTin cJh-o^eoos voinrH* hVh* OcycTsom na&a «s*sa ijvomjoM » mcycy |^mo^ sas|g ase&a (MrH* CM H OH mH s&K&s HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 49 £8 j SRr SSRri | CM CU pH 1 5 CTNCVJ | rH IT\ rri li^i ir~! UNCU WRS‘| j &£r! j£ **S! i IS i vo 8 1 CM I »h- ! 1 — iiri cur-|OrH s^ ! ~ I §S»»« RSS®& j*a^ ir w r- S**R& j*a S3— - sa~^ ^ rH*t^ rH* 8®? “'SSI ~ g mg CM 5*SR6 gSRR R3R83 IRSHs f— rH*^ ggq» pH CO »sea <3 iSSH CM* mu RRSBB CM pH -r~~ as*-* 5*8" ; j i K* •"IR* !iS^ &S?® s^ ^vK^SR ~r"~ s«rs cu R®R* 1**1 s *NrH UNrH g§~ts H rH* rt* ^cu*cu‘cu* ^CU* rH*CU* vrThl ^*rH* mra p.p? j-* UN CU rH unojcu CN SS8S VC*CU*»* -3P& g 3 mu rH rHC^I*N mas rH*HN SRSBR ;»wi SR8R® c*cu* ^* ON ONCvTj^ rH f~£~ 8 VO 3SRrs;£ H||M aim ir- ^RSr sg** m*% S*S« j3£S O' 9 i*NrHvc UN 1*0* *S££ I I ? g 8*»a Hies rH*CU* mas VC rH r*NUN l«RSR cu*^ ONUNCUCU £g££si »P. Jtr^rlVw VC oW f~^ &SR& VO KNr— im c ? c i B8®KR KVrHWJjW pH K> agg rH UNI^ s$HS r rH SSR~3 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 51 ss^ss i“s i3fcRr|fl 1 »l i (8 -a- l*»ll |8| ! i ®6®la i iS-i ms -ir 1 f*°a|& — isa! *S 5*“ i&r* *aaie bh$*h rH SIS- P^K |<3 i OJ 33§3£ •ursi “s«~~ S88SK rH CM “JssS 83 R« - SBK*J!j &£&?f &3|Sf 3K*R» *86*! SEpR ri<^ cu in si?s~ fiiSS 0 I CO 3^; vs \ i^f i S&3 2 © S3^ pas r- t*-c\i u\ 3S&3 s i-i s iM 3£®2 IRS £8 i i»i | ;s« i : £2 I IOH ;°^3 I lTv.-* O 1 'O-^CJ. I 'S.S.S I CM O O ! 3®S * ° ; : : c til : : | j e g." • • §4c ! j :•§ S>S 5 S II . : : *2.* I ■ si 5 ££££ ill! BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934—36 5* TABLE 7.— FACULTY VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1935-36 : Resident inatruction. 1955-56 : Organized Extension service : research State or outlying part • :Colle- ; : : giate , : : :pro- : Gener- : fes¬ tal ad-:sional :minis-:and :tra- :gradu- : Second¬ ary ex- : eluding Critic: train- teach- : ing Total (excluding duplicates) : Summer : :Agri- : :Agri-: : : cul- : :cul- : : :tural : :tural: :Uni- :and :Coun- :and : :ver- :home :ty, :ex- : :sity :eco- :home, :peri-: Corre-:ex- :nomics:and :ment : spond- : ten- :exten-:club :sta- : : Total (not : reduced to : full-time : basis and ex¬ cluding those employed for : summer ses¬ sion only) :tion :ate ers : schools Men : Women: il935 ence :sion :sion laments :tions : Other : Men : Women 1 : 2 : 5 r 4 : 5 6 : 7 ! 8 9 s 10 s 11 : 12 : 13 * 14 : 15 : 16 Part 1. Totals (1,628 Institutions in Continental United States ] Continental United States . 15.127 92.580 4.951 2,740 71.472 26.670 £9.055 5.388 6.015 2.166 5,816 3.06q 1,276 86.567 3L.L69 Alabama . 1,056 75 129 772 l*4i 564 47 146 53 229 47 16 1,088 611 Arizona . 61 286 20 214 92 98 69 10 11 23 44 3 281 121 Arkansas . .. 147 532 18 50 368 213 271 91 14 — 239 4o 1 554 363 California . .. 794 6,933 262 82 5.390 1.837 1.123 373 81 189 — — 27 6,105 2,167 Colorado . .. 157 938 80 14 725 298 634 140 103 — 65 37 18 950 377 Connecticut . 1.179 161 23 951 406 242 _ 56 27 41 30 64 i,l4i 523 Delaware . 24 109 — 14 76 35 24 — 12 24 10 25 — 116 48 1,789 39 4i 1,532 315 251 13 15 — — 2 1,605 36i Florida . 586 21 9 418 194 303 — 4i 71 68 81 1 642 305 Georgia . .. 381 1.470 46 114 1,100 470 626 — 68 — 333 12 — 1,41*0 718 Idaho . .. 67 375 57 4 303 131 92 51 _ 61 42 49 6 381 155 Illinois . .. 94* 6,491 174 184 4,936 1.567 1,810 81 119 47 — 128 59 5,695 1,928 Indiana . • • 356 1,919 214 56 1,652 549 986 113 237 61 108 117 15 2,089 696 Iowa . 2,043 125 33 1,475 708 858 22 50 79 165 117 32 1.956 891 Kansas . .. 277 1.557 102 61 1,096 596 745 54 52 121 134 104 63 1,372 751 Kentuoky . 2U6 1.315 i4i 91 967 553 788 115 40 38 225 03 8 1,286 668 Louisiana . 1.438 79 20 1,084 452 518 107 100 37 153 54 2 l,54l 61*2 Maine . 1*47 67 18 324 195 139 17 20 17 1*4 4o 23 418 269 Maryland . . .. 225 1.846 6.847 100 25 1,468 501 253 — 56 33 69 78 4 1,653 574 Massachusetts . 192 98 4,734 1,272 572 13 158 33 64 65 98 5,344 1,602 Michigan . • • 375 2,919 361 94 2.3SO 983 1,045 187 251 57 157 143 12 2.718 1.157 Minnesota . .. 293 1,902 138 160 1,412 71*4 741 91 222 52 175 153 79 1,746 944 Mississippi . .. 235 790 37 80 459 415 301 51 11 49 252 58 751 617 Missouri . .. 496 3,001 112 103 2,334 852 863 111 279 42 160 97 6 2,828 306 1,098 Montana . 70 307 13 4 218 105 94 69 4 18 58 38 5 144 Nebraska . 1,166 63 31 853 393 473 49 62 47 114 43 _ 1,078 503 Nevada . 78 — 64 14 — _ - _ 5 18 _ _ 89 21 New Hampshire . 72 539 31 15 468 102 63 — — 12 44 21 9 562 138 New Jersey . .. 278 29 32 1,270 315 222 7 172 22 46 122 33 1,502 1*24 New Mexico . 16 27 212 72 145 28 32 13 37 26 326 111 New York . 12,286 216 202 10,128 2,532 2,809 108 : 1,874 85 168 146 144 11,684 3,36l North Carolina . .. 564 1,886 149 115 1,337 755 95° 42 62 36 319 38 18 1.732 1,099 North Dakota . 89 415 64 307 172 165 120 23 29 67 43 14 433 217 Ohio . .. 804 4.722 1*21 16 3.803 1,357 1,301 113 289 163 — 15 17 4,245 1,634 Oklahoma . 1,21*2 74 40 833 493 817 77 70 43 166 70 6 1,109 660 Oregon . • • 153 1,189 70 27 91*4 337 292 11 21 27 61 79 16 1,117 419 Pennsylvania . 6,493 34i 191 5,579 1.657 2.068 32 486 61 137 136 207 6,382 1,998 Rhode Island . 66 413 75 364 124 60 — 96 12 9 28 8 405 152 South Carolina . .. 257 805 26 37 607 246 242 — 18 71 196 61 — 872 505 South Dakota . .. 115 506 70 38 362 224 239 78 23 25 87 38 1 492 270 Tennessee . 1,1*23 59 65 1,048 491 537 94 66 51 232 42 20 1,1*48 710 Texas . 3.015 128 74 2,083 1,107 2,020 350 171 82 664 129 18 2,973 1,497 Utah . 1*87 39 45 392 166 213 53 78 17 31 37 6 497 217 Vermont . 90 398 293 108 80 — — 20 4o 35 — 372 168 Virginia . .. 431 1,738 88 137 1,213 662 554 108 32 81 260 56 33 1,758 904 Washington . .. 252 1,238 36 26 921 367 5U 241 102 20 73 68 3 1,141 454 West Virginia . 760 134 10 561 339 508 — 73 37 95 49 1 724 418 Wisconsin . .. 312 1,792 153 98 1,371 669 774 27 118 76 106 116 178 1,671 799 Wyoming . .. 25 123 12 7 91 44 71 35 2 11 30 31 — 149 60 Outlying part 6 of the United States Alaska . 7 23 20 3 3 2 24 6 Hawaii . 151 6 3 114 37 59 1 14 20 31 57 30 216 80 Philippine Islands . 38 520 12 63 439 146 123 — — — — — — 471 152 Puerto Rico . 38 152 12 13 112 65 85 — 48 73 — 61 — 283 118 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 55 Table 7.— faculty variously classified, 1935-36 - continued : Resident instruction, 1935-56 Extension service Organized research State or outlying part : Colle¬ giate, Gener-:fe6- al ad-:sional mini s-: and tra- -.grada¬ tion :ate : Second- : :ary ex-: : eluding: Total Critic: train- : (excluding teach- : ing : duplicates) ers : schools : Ken : Women Sunsner ses¬ sion 1935 Corre¬ spond- :Agri- : : tural : Uni- : and : Coun- ver- :hone :ty, sity : eco- :home, ex- :nomics:and ten- :exten-:club sion : sion : agents: Agri- tural and peri- ment : tions Other Total (not reduced to full-time basis and ex¬ cluding those employed for summer ses¬ sion only) 1 2' : '3 — s — • : 9 10 : 11 : 12 ; : 13 nr* 15 T5- Bart 2. Publicly controlled higher educational institutions Continental United States . ... 5.311* 36,697 3.825 61*9 28,312 12,561 16,12 1* 2.785 2.788 2,035 5,600 2,799 631 38,080 17,080 Alabama . ... liiU 608 68 32 1*1*2 255 1*20 1*7 103 39 229 1*5 10 695 395 Ariiona . 286 20 211* 92 98 69 10 11 23 1*1* 3 281 121 Arkansas . 95 3W» 12 3 21*6 111* 190 65 10 — 239 1*0 1 1*06 253 California . ... 327 3,71*9 176 — 2,737 1,185 507 336 66 188 — — 3 3.267 1,321 Colorado . 78 553 1*7 — 1*1*8 152 1*50 106 83 65 37 — 652 220 Connecticut . ... U. 203 U*5 _ 11*7 201 218 _ 15 27 1*1 30 _ 199 236 Delaware . 2 1* 109 11* 76 35 21* — 12 2l* 10 25 — 116 1*8 District of Columbia . 10 63 33 — 23 73 — — — — — — — 25 76 Florida . 61 330 21 1* 229 122 199 — ia 71 68 81 — 1*31* 217 Georgia . ... U*i 591 1*1* 28 1*1*3 206 370 — 55 — 333 12 — 697 357 Idaho . ... 1*3 281* 55 _ 21*5 91* 81 1*6 _ 6l 1*2 1*9 6 309 112 Illinois . ... 287 2,031 1J,)| 28 1,61*2 552 569 — 36 1*7 — 128 59 1,908 692 Indiana . 81* 77l* 113 — 686 201 1*00 113 1l,R 61 108 117 15 1,016 281* Iowa . ... 199 1,165 101 — 911 355 532 19 13 79 165 117 32 1.339 500 Kansas . ... 119 1,021* 51* 31* 763 338 525 53 1*1* 121 131* 101* 63 991* 1*70 Kentucky . 79 825 97 _ 675 21*5 536 ial* 31 38 223 83 7 956 321* Louisiana . 65I* 51 11 502 213 336 106 85 37 153 51* 2 702 339 Maine . ... 1*5 Pl|)| 63 — 175 119 68 17 8 17 1*1* 1*0 23 21*7 171 Maryland . . . 92 725 77 2 61*3 159 115 — 21 33 69 78 1* 783 185 Massachusetts . ... 65 368 129 — 227 263 38 — 28 33 61* 65 — 371 31*9 Michigan . 2,165 31*8 _ 1,803 720 821* 183 Pl ,6 57 157 H*3 12 2,100 855 Minnesota . ... 132 1,129 118 125 91*0 397 563 91 221 52 175 153 75 1,229 552 Mississippi . ... 103 500 31* 50 3Uo 221* 207 51 3 1*9 252 58 — 597 371* Missouri . l/|fl 821 112 6 613 31 1* 561 110 86 1*2 160 97 3 971 1*20 Montana . 56 21*9 13 — 187 75 91* 69 1* 18 58 38 5 269 113 Nebraska . 83 608 1*8 _ 1*11* 2ia 31*8 28 59 1*7 111* 1*3 _ 599 327 Nevada . 78 _ _ 61* H* _ 5 18 _ _ 89 21 New Hampshire . 29 P),n 31 — 193 78 56 — — 12 1*1* 21 5 255 107 New Jersey . . . 399 10 3 256 156 68 — 115 — — — 1 287 199 New Mexico . 2la 16 27 212 72 11*5 28 32 13 37 26 ... 326 111 New York . ... 163 2,195 170 71 1,625 789 735 1 325 _ _ _ _ 1,782 971 North Carolina . ... 152 750 119 51* 611* 271 1*2 22 36 319 38 H* 902 1*1*2 North Dakota . . 381* 61* 286 162 165 120 23 29 67 1*3 11* 1*08 203 Ohio . ... 203 2,013 11*5 — 1,711* 1,1,11 622 97 161* 161 — 15 — 1,918 556 Oklahoma . ... 163 1,003 71* 35 695 390 713 59 1*0 1*3 168 70 6 956 5ia Oregon . ... la 811* 53 _ 661 206 213 _ _ 27 61 79 15 810 252 Pennsylvania . . 967 285 12 71*3 521 531* 7 135 61 137 136 36 1,027 662 Rhode Island . 113 75 — 90 98 35 — 25 12 9 28 — 119 118 South Carolina . . . . 119 1*63 23 — 392 91* 162 — 71 196 61 — 591* 298 South Dakota . ... 69 327 66 25 255 11*1*. 180 72 7 25 87 38 1 373 188 Tennessee . , 390 1*2 _ 302 130 223 55 31* 51 232 1*2 7 597 271 Texas . . 1,790 113 — 1,257 6ia 1,358 21*3 89 82 661* 129 18 2,070 952 Utah . ... 63 31*6 32 15 301 89 115 1*8 73 17 31 37 6 398 133 Vermont . 217 3 — 162 58 67 _ _ 20 1*0 35 _ 222 101 Virginia . . ■ • • 137 962 65 — 767 260 l,i). 106 9 77 260 56 33 1,225 389 Washington . . ... 152 909 28 _ 666 269 1*06 230 101 20 73 68 3 832 331* West Virginia . . 539 133 — 1*21* 21a 1*9 — 62 35 95 1*9 567 312 Wisconsin . . . . . 170 1,030 H*3 63 769 1*1*5 61*8 27 102 75 106 116 XU9 1,012 5U8 Wyoming . 25 123 12 7 91 1*1* 71 35 2 11 3C 31 — 11*9 60 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . 7 23 20 3 3 2 21* 6 Hawaii . 151 ' 6 3 111* 37 59 1 H* 20 3i 57 30 216 80 Philippine Islands . 31 1*57 12 50 380 129 113 — — — 1*07 133 Puerto Rico . ... 38 152 12 13 112 65 85 — 1*8 73 — 61 — 283 118 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 7.— FACULTY VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1935-36 - Continued State or outlying part Resident instruction, 1935"36 : Colie- : : : :giate, : : : :pro- : : Second-: Gener-:fes- : :ary ex-: al ad-:8ional: : eluding: minis- :and : Critic: train- : tra- :gradu- : teach- :ing : tion rate :ers : schools: Extension service Total (excluding duplicates) : Total (not : reduced to : full-time : basi 8 and ex¬ cluding those employed for •.summer ses- :8ion only) :sion :sion : agents : tions : Other: Men : Ytomen : :Agri- : :Agri-: : :cul- : :cul- : : rtural : :tural: :Uni- end :Coun- :and : : ver- :home :ty, :ex- :8ity :eco- :home, :peri-: Corre-:ex- :nomics:and :ment : spond-:ten- :exten-:club 1 : 2 : 3 . — r~r 5 = 6 : 7 : 8 : 9 = 10 : 11 : 12 : 13 = 14 : 15 : 16 Continental United States . Part 5« Privately controlled higher educational .. 9.813 55,883 1,106 2,091 43,i6o 14,109 12,931 institutions 603 3,227 131 216 270 645 48.4B7 17,389 Alabama . . . . 117 448 7 97 330 186 144 43 l h 2 6 393 216 Arkansas . 52 186 6 47 122 99 81 26 4 — — — 148 110 California . .. 467 3.184 86 82 2.653 652 616 37 15 1 — — 24 2,838 846 Colorado . 79 385 33 14 277 146 184 32 20 — — — 18 298 157 Connecticut . .. 167 976 16 23 804 205 24 41 — — — 64 942 287 District of Columbia . .. 191 1,726 6 41 1.509 242 251 13 15 _ _ _ 2 1,580 285 Florida . 65 256 — 5 189 72 104 _ _ — — — 1 208 88 Georgia . p)| n 879 2 657 264 256 _ 13 — — — 743 361 Idaho . 24 89 2 4 58 37 11 5 — — — — 72 43 Illinoi . .. 657 4,460 30 156 3,294 1.015 1,241 81 83 — — — — 3.787 1,236 Indiana . 272 1.145 101 56 946 348 586 _ 89 _ _ _ — 1,073 412 Iowa . 878 .24 33 564 353 326 3 37 — — — 617 391 Kansas . .. 158 533 48 27 333 258 220 1 8 — — — 378 281 Kentucky . . . . 167 490 44 91 292 308 252 11 9 2 — - 1 330 344 Louisiana . ... 154 784 28 9 582 239 182 1 15 — — — 639 303 Maine . 50 203 4 18 149 76 71 _ 12 _ _ _ 171 98 Maryland . ... 133 1,121 23 23 825 342 138 — 35 — — — 870 389 Massachusetts . . • - 937 6,479 63 98 4,507 1,009 534 13 130 — — — 98 4,973 1,253 Michigan . . . . . 754 13 94 577 263 221 4 5 — — — 618 302 Minnesota . 773 20 35 472 347 178 — 1 — — — 4 517 392 Mississippi . ... 132 290 3 30 119 191 94 _ 8 _ _ _ 154 243 Missouri . ... 348 2,180 — 97 1.721 538 302 1 193 — — — 3 1,857 678 Montana . ... 14 58 — 4 31 30 — — — — — — 37 31 Nebraska . ... 109 558 15 31 439 152 125 21 3 — — — 479 176 New Hampshire . ... 43 299 15 275 24 7 — — — — — 4 307 31 New Jersey . . . . 190 1.153 19 29 1,014 159 154 7 57 22 U6 122 32 1,215 225 New York . ... 1,025 10,091 46 131 8,503 1,743 2,074 107 : 1,549 85 168 1U6 144 9,902 2,390 North Carolina . ... 412 1.136 30 61 723 484 458 — 4o — — - 4 830 657 North Dakota . 8 31 _ _ 21 10 _ — — — — — 25 14 Ohio . 2,709 276 16 2,089 913 679 16 125 2 — — 17 2,327 1,078 Oklahoma . ... 63 239 _ 5 138 103 104 18 30 _ _ — 153 119 Oregon. . 375 17 27 283 131 79 11 21 — — — 1 307 167 Pennsylvania . ... 730 5.526 56 179 4.836 1,136 1,534 25 351 — — 171 5,355 1,336 Rhode Island . 45 300 — — 274 26 25 — 71 -•»- — — - 8 286 34 South Carolina . ... 138 342 3 37 215 152 80 — 18 — — — — 278 207 South Dakota . 46 179 4 13 107 80 59 6 16 _ _ _ 119 82 Tennessee . ... 285 1,033 17 65 746 361 3i4 39 32 — — — 13 851 439 Texas . ' . ... 319 1,225 15 74 826 466 662 107 82 — — — 903 545 Utah . ... 43 141 7 30 91 77 98 5 5 — — — 99 84 Vermont . 52 181 — 131 50 13 — — — 150 67 Virginia . ... 294 776 23 137 446 402 140 2 23 h _ _ 533 515 Washington . 329 8 26 253 98 105 11 1 — — — 309 120 West Virginia . 61 221 1 10 137 98 79 — 11 2 — — 1 157 106 Wisconsin . 762 10 35 602 224 126 — 16 1 — — 29 659 251 Outlying part of the United States Phi lippine Is lands . 63 13 59 17 10 64 19 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 57 TABLE S.— STUDENTS OF COLLEGE GRADE IN RESIDENCE, VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1935-36 : : : s Becnlar and conditioned undergraduate : Special and : tDClaseif led Graduate : limber State or outlying part : of instl-: : tut Ion e : Regular session, 1935-36 . . 9tzaner session, J_ 1225 : So tel , : regular : session, : 103»v.36 : Total, : session, • iqv. Regular session, : . 1935-26 ... Total , s-oznner session , 1 : 2 : 3 r*?® i Tp ; W°6*C : 7 8 2_ j IQ L - li Part 1- Totals Continental Tfclted 1.628 629.124 429.785 101.987 190.113 71.857 20.282 47.410 51.501 58.851 Alabama . 25 9.117 7.009 2.396 2.944 217 _ 126 79 1,045 Arizona . 5 2.760 1.981 487 637 73 15 125 195 156 Arkansas . 22 u.903 3.733 772 2.035 68 3 45 27 California . 97 44.570 33.011 3.507 5.534 2,543 1,676 3.845 2.721 5.736 Colorado . 16 7.092 4.538 l.44i 3,420 916 1.077 4l4 374 2.945 Connecticut . 21 6.355 2.755 128 383 83 _ 644 151 _ Delaware . 2 506 320 100 252 10 — 6 — District of Colombia. . . 20 10,004 4.561 1,658 4oi 2,156 330 1.525 1.017 948 Florida . 11 4,727 3.969 874 3.448 227 245 119 38 201 Georgia . 44 9,264 7.981 1.727 4,211 124 594 176 193 630 Idaho . 9 3.398 2,044 234 702 38 1 104 35 357 Illinois . 86 44,4l4 29.418 5.259 9.177 6.093 893 4.907 4,169 6,451 Indiana . 39 17.169 8,266 2.687 4.293 702 490 696 292 1,649 Iowa . 66 14,188 9.731 1,804 4,129 629 346 1,318 588 2,6i4 Kansas . 39 12,681 8.952 2,132 5.249 541 328 512 290 1.096 Kentucky . 35 9.687 8,861 2.996 7.00* 623 76 8 368 323 1.130 Louisiana. . 21 9.655 6.387 1.334 2.718 778 71 500 4o5 498 Maine . l4 2,636 1.963 193 773 5p 73 27 44 262 Maryland . 26 7.923 3.976 846 857 1,804 451 822 188 492 Massachusetts . 59 27.398 15.554 2,324 1.066 2.912 1,537 3.393 1.191 1,053 Michigan . 68 22,625 14,470 3.393 5.54? 5.172 1,645 2,070 1.549 2,656 Minnesota . 35 14,644 11,781 1,836 4,814 128 20 1,306 535 1,375 Mississippi . 35 5.548 5.378 933 2,436 120 8 65 30 25s Missouri . 56 16,726 12,226 2,679 7.304 1,268 464 892 578 1,280 Montana . 10 2,7^4 2,216 2Ul 1.032 78 10 108 38 263 Nebraska . 22 8.319 5.812 1.132 4.382 7® 154 384 218 770 levada . . . 1 545 356 — 93 36 34 New Hampshire . 6 3.850 1.170 118 263 48 3 85 15 165 Hew Jersey . 31 11. 065 5.001 836 1.095 947 532 586 54 209 Hew Mexico . 7 2,016 1,314 5?* 1,115 66 171 74 88 216 Hew Tori . 97 80.487 48,182 17.978 22,914 25,602 1.939 11,052 8.535 1,856 Horth Carolina . 50 1-3.359 11,696 3.791 6.0*9 659 857 437 i4s 1.791 Horth Dakota . 10 3.298 2.597 49s 1.095 109 — 68 36 179 Chio . 6i 33.514 22.675 4.531 8,164 6,940 733 1.935 1.273 2,565 QrH nhftma . 36 13. 577 12.395 3.599 6,i4o 832 499 393 273 1.190 Oregon . 20 7.122 4.923 698 1.785 183 203 233 142 353 Pennsylvania . 94 39,249 21,012 5.487 7.907 4,283 1,539 3,660 3.102 2,167 Rhode Island . 6 3.056 1,446 49 696 145 113 266 120 — South Carolina. . 27 6.039 4.650 560 1.703 476 368 5! 36 183 South Dakota . 15 3,085 2.425 370 l,4o6 200 118 69 33 210 Tennessee . 43 10.457 10.068 1,690 4,122 549 37 384 438 1.605 Texas . S3 28.416 23.730 9.639 19,0*8 1.232 700 871 619 3.171 Utah . 9 5.920 3.549 715 889 389 137 3!2 123 370 Vermont . 10 1.587 1,466 238 1,106 4o 15 36 18 245 Virginia . 4l 10,618 9.124 1.558 4,937 157 27 391 82 270 WngMngt/vn . 20 11,642 8,310 1.351 3.606 173 154 720 470 i.647 Heat Virginia. . 19 6.095 5.517 2,075 4,410 250 263 126 103 662 Wisconsin . 58 14.115 10,096 2.386 5,15? 31! 677 1,086 469 1.673 Wyoming . 1 989 585 172 494 4o — 44 24 189 Outlying parts of the Uhited States Alaska.. . 1 139 54 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hawaii . . 1 678 539 49 93 565 703 86 135 192 Philippine Islands . 3 5.847 2.979 1.336 828 49 157 61 34 33 Puerto Rico . 1 1.239 1.177 474 1,128 53 10 6 11 772280—38 - 5 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 8.— -STUDENTS OF COLLEGE QRADE IN RESIDENCE, VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1935-36 - Continued State or outlying part Number of Insti¬ tutions roDortinc : Special end Regular and conditioned undergraduate : unclassified Graduate Regular session, 1935-36 : Total, Sunnier session, : regular 1935 : session. Total, mxmer session, . 1935 Regular session, 1955-96 Total, sinner session, 1935 lien : Women Van : Women : 1995-96 Hen : Women i 2 3 • ii . ..5_ LJ'" :"7 ~ 8_ 1_ 2 i_ 12 11 Part 2.- Publicly controlled Institutions Continental tilted States . 577 321,771 238.445 61.165 123.479 26.082 9.758 18.226 10.275 34.059 Alabama . 10 6,64g 4.503 1.896 116 - 118 66 989 Arizona . 5 2,760 i:§ 637 73 15 125 195 156 Arkansas . 12 3.746 598 )‘J& 39 — 45 27 California . id* 30.850 26,004 -.091 1,688 300 1,880 i.317 Colorado . 8 5.173 2.989 1,226 3.065 53 353 271 127 Connecticut . 7 827 1,206 74 _ 32 — 15 1 Delaware . 2 506 320 100 252 10 — 6 _ District of Col unbla. . . 2 260 733 _ _ _ _ _ Florida . 3 3.079 2.1-56 635 2.427 59 237 112 26 191 Oeorgla . 16 5.658 4,294 981 3.018 8 - 59 24 357 Idaho . 3 2.761 1.477 202 643 15 1 10U 35 357 ELlinoio . 15 15.257 9-955 2,245 4.719 125 182 972 235 1.190 Indiana . 5 8,088 4,09S 1.273 1.732 112 30 542 267 1.056 Iowa . 29 8,641 5.158 1.205 1.7W 2,256 81 178 1,263 537 2.513 Kansas . 17 9.883 6,282 4,oo4 347 260 498 284 1,096 Kentucky . 7 6.45s fcS 2,278 5.104 479 673 292 323 1.130 Louisiana . 8 6,180 661 1.478 187 8 315 167 353 Maine . 7 1.195 1,09* 168 606 46 32 27 14 111 Maryland . 8 4.785 1.423 381 495 25 — 157 Ml 226 Uaseachuasette . 13 1.308 3.039 111 273 50 152 127 85 36 Michigan . 45 l6,4g4 11.433 2.758 3,882 4.380 1,539 1.962 1.472 2.567 Minnesota . Mississippi . 14 16 1.760 610 4.275 1.479 — 3 51 7 1.281 65 525 28 1.375 a Missouri . 17 6.737 5.824 1.740 5.038 111 142 340 136 Montana . 6 2.556 2,062 241 1.032 54 10 108 38 263 Nebraska . g 5,422 4,217 847 3.531 121 l4g 339 184 726 Nevada . 1 545 356 93 — 36 34 New Hampshire . 3 1.189 916 111 258 46 3 38 15 165 New Jersey . 12 3.706 2.978 94 339 16 487 18 16 64 Hew Mexico . 7 2,016 1.314 534 1.115 66 171 74 88 a6 New York . 16 29,418 21.741 7.060 8.372 7.894 852 1.384 1,064 34 North Carolina . 13 5.932 5.143 1,880 4,230 372 269 253 84 333 North Dakota . 9 3.097 2.337 483 1.07? 3.914 109 — 6,144 572 68 36 179 Ohio . g 16.533 9.353 2,427 1.419 823 2,506 Oklahoma . 26 11.902 10.931 3.374 5.584 318 471 350 253 1.097 Oregon . 5 4.564 3.319 691 1.630 102 200 223 122 353 Pennsylvania . 17 7.390 6,800 1.958 3.683 983 223 276 83 669 Rhode Island . 2 828 742 548 71 113 30 37 10 South Carolina . 7 3.837 2,099 350 987 118 244 26 166 South Dakota . 7 2.092 1.389 259 1.034 64 77 69 33 ao Tennessee . 7 4,620 4.525 1.091 2,268 _ __ 102 78 349 Texas . 34 18.787 74,501 7.569 487 14,891 456 571 562 322 2,887 Utah . 5 4.579 2.570 535 191 137 236 95 2a Vermont . 4 763 . 731 123 3.15 31 15 25 8 245 Virginia . 10 5.782 4,209 1.289 34 27 322 62 215 Washington . 7 9.033 6,172 1,061 2.958 137 154 659 1*29 1.542 We6t Virginia . 10 4.516 4,034 1,619 3.637 144 250 123 96 662 Wisconsin . 39 9.301 7,244 2,159 4,631 69 652 320 1.477 Wyoming . l 989 585 172 494 4o — 24 189 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . ! 139 54 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hawaii . 1 678 539 49 93 565 703 86 135 192 Philippine Islands . 2 4,24g 2.959 1.136 828 49 159 61 34 33 Puerto Rico . 1 1.239 1.177 474 1,128 53 — 10 6 11 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 59 TABLE S.— STUDENTS OF COLLEGE GRADE IN RESIDENCE, VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1935-36 - Continued 1 ! Secular and conditioned undergraduate : Special and : unclassified Graduate : Umber State or outlying part : of 1ns ti- ■ tutlone Regular session, 19-55-36 1 • Sunnier session, : 1999 : Total. : regular : session. 1 Total : summer : : session Regular session, 1935-56 : Total, : sooner : session. : reporting Men i Woman : Men : Women : 1955-56 : 1955 ! Men : Women I 1955 1 : 2 2 > a » 5 s 6 J_ Z : 8 : 1_ 2 i 12 J_ 11 Part 9.- Privately controlled Institutions Continental tilted States . 1.051 507.554 191.540 40.822 66.694 44.779 10.924 29.184 a. 226 20.772 Alabama. * . . 15 2.469 2,506 458 l,04g 101 8 13 56 Arkansas . 10 1.155 1.106 174 328 29 3 — California . 53 13.720 7.077 I,4l6 2,088 855 1.376 1.963 i,4o4 3.811 Colorado . g 1.919 549 215 355 863 724 143 247 481 Connecticut . l4 5.528 1.549 54 383 51 629 150 — District of Columbia... lg 9,744 3.828 1,658 4oi 1.834 330 1.525 1.017 948 Florida . g 1,642 1,813 239 1,021 168 6 7 12 10 Georgia . 28 3,606 3.687 746 1.193 116 594 117 169 323 Idaho . s 637 567 32 59 23 — Illinois . 71 29.157 19,463 3.014 4,45s 5.968 711 3.935 3.934 5,261 Indiana . 34 9,081 4,16s l,4l4 2.561 590 460 154 25 593 Iowa. . 37 5.547 4,573 599 1.873 548 168 55 51 101 Kansas . 22 2,798 2,670 368 1.245 194 68 14 6 _ Kentucky . 28 3,229 3.612 718 1.960 144 95 76 — — Louisiana . 13 3.475 2,293 673 l,24o 591 63 185 236 145 Maine . 7 l,44l 914 25 167 4 41 _ 3° 151 Maryland . lg 3.138 2,553 465 362 1.779 451 665 147 266 Massachusetts . 46 26.090 12.515 2.213 793 2,862 1.385 3,266 1,106 1,017 Michigan . 23 6,141 3.037 635 1.667 792 106 108 77 89 Minnesota . 21 4,052 3.456 76 539 128 17 25 10 Mississippi . 19 1.052 l.?25 323 957 69 1 _ 2 __ Missouri . 3? 9.989 6,402 939 2,266 1.157 322 552 442 339 Montana . 4 228 154 — 24 _ Nebraska . lU 2.897 1.595 285 851 659 6 ~45 34 *44 New Hampshire . 3 2,661 254 7 5 2 — 47 — New Jersey . 19 7,339 2.023 742 756 931 45 56s 38 145 New York . gl 51,069 26,441 10,918 14,542 17. 708 1.087 9.668 1,822 North Carolina . 37 7.427 6.553 1.911 2.419 287 588 184 1.458 North Dakota . 1 151 260 15 16 _ _ _ Ohio . 53 16,981 13.322 2,104 4,250 796 161 516 450 59 CM flhfimn . 10 1.675 1,464 225 556 514 28 43 20 93 Oregon . 15 2.558 i,6o4 7 155 81 3 10 20 Pennsylvania 77 31.859 14,212 3.529 4,224 3.300 1.316 3.384 3.019 1.498 Rhode Island . 4 2,22g 704 49 148 74 _ 236 110 South Carolina . 20 2,202 2,551 ao 716 358 124 l4 10 17 South Dakota . g 993 1.036 111 372 136 41 _ _ _ Tennessee . ?6 5.837 5.543 599 1.854 549 37 282 360 1.256 Texas . 9,629 9.229 2,070 4.757 776 129 309 297 284 Utah . 4 1,341 1.079 229 354 198 76 28 149 Vermont . 6 824 735 115 503 9 — 11 10 Virginia . 31 4.836 4.915 269 1,243 123 _ 69 20 55 Washington . 13 2.609 2.138 290 64s 36 — 61 41 105 West Virginia . 9 1.57? 1.483 456 773 106 13 3 7 Wisconsin . 19 4,814 2.852 227 528 242 25 231 i4g 196 Outlying part of the United Statea Philippine Islands . 1 1,599 20 200 biennial survey of EDUCATION, 1934-36 % eFR* *!Sf£ *»SS« aHRS SSfSI F!^c SiWts S*§SS •jf C\T rH rH* NH HH H 5 SSSUS 2!sSK 2SSSS E&B&I SURFS SiS*£ S3 -' - 1 mss 1 isis spss gas 1 1 mv, aisas sssis issss S RIS!$ ilSSS *R6SS mil RssSi Si«»S *S8«« if«S2 IT rH rH n 1 1 Is I IMIS 11*11 1 ! ! i ! 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PS IP 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 R s 8 s 2 3 % 5 s 3 3 § I * t % a g i i a t § w* § R £ J 6 S ON i i i i s mu $i i i i i i i i i i IT i Pi i i ilii i i i i i mu i i i i i « i III i i 1 i i i Pi i i 1*1 i i i - i s P i 5 i ; ; ; sr ; j !wSj sr i s £ ; ;rs i is*i i PI i MSI i ®»l i i ; ; j&i ! i ££ ! R!*l i s; ;&8 i i 8 s i P* 1 I i Pi i 33 i i i i i i i ! imi ! ! i i i i r~\ HIP i i i r i i i i i Pi i i i i i i i i rs i Pi ! i naa* i i T i r^ iTi Pi i i “ ; j OW>KW£ a j S^aSr ; -* 3 '"*'3 i *1 IB* SStHW SES** *IH& t*S*S iHs- 3®*$ I mil mu I r i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i ! -rs i i i P* i ! i i i Hill I i i i i i i i i i i ! i* | 1 H | IA | T i i j- 1 Ti i i Pi s -r»i 1 1 CVJ CVJ l i i Pi !Si$! ESS IS Si siS SIEiS i if i i SiSSi i 51S5 i i i i i i i i i i i rwi * i 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i “llll mu SI i 13 i S i i i i Pli i i i IS i i i 1 i IISII °i IS! i i IS! Mil! 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HS3i *i*£! ! i i 1 i "i .11 i 05 i i i i TP *i i r 1 1 « l 1 pt 1 Pi i i i i i i •“ 1 i i i tr*\ sPis 31 i P i Pi i £wuns ; i Pi i 10 ; a* r ; fa*a- a ; £££ Sw53 13 i ia»i 3333. : 107 1,029 189 S3 Pi cv? 21 $3* 3*213 3|B*« CV? 283SI CVJ BRS$I i i r i i » i i i r r i i i Pi i PM i l«! i " i i i S i i i i i i i ri i • TPi rr i "i 1*5 i Ml 1 *5*8" 8*»a* PT £81 £3; f*s$s hbb* C\T KN 3SS8S C\J Si nt 3Sf*S 4H i&IsP LfN pn\ §H3* i s " ! 1 1 i *PI i i i i i i mil P“l i Pill 1 1 PI i i !** ®3 ! i i ^ i~S- i 13*1 m i« iSSi i "Ti i i Pi i i T -"PI j -4^k' TP P*"i 3*1*1 1 j*®; i !*&* BSIIi BS**« PS§3 Slip* iSati Bisi *ISSI HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 65 TABLE 10.— STUDENTS ENROLLED IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, BOTH INDEPENDENT AND UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS - Continued (760 Institutions In continental United States) 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 j |o 03 IF S gj§ 2 If gB $ S i a •O B n 5L g-g § g ® -olj g gp a ®|c If IF CVJ ITS I I vO ijrH ! ltn 1 r— r-t oj co o co _4' o\0 t"-o\ "^3 CVJ CVJ CM ONlfNlTN-^ CVJ KN I CO l 00400 CVJ CO H Lf\ CVJ ” i “'CK j* i «-h «-< LT\_4 LTN h kvnvov 1 CM 0''-4'0 >-* Wco OVITM TN _40N-4t- I KNC0vO3lfN CMvO KMD ITV OJ H HH I NM^NMTnH iff r !!!!» •!Ht cm 1 » irv 1 1 cm £3 N“N LTV K\ r-4 LTN SR ft? «H H CVJ CM a Os CM I I O CO I I rfN I O' 1 CM fO\vO ! £4 1 3 j S ! 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S S i i$! i Si S i i rr Is®! jg^S SiTi tmn nil i i i ! ri i i ~\ i i i2! i i *1 i i i*i ! i *i i i r^r - | 3SJTS mr s! i i i* 1 S® rs r ** i i l9!^ »“! : 23iS§ n i2 iaS ja — i ! m\ \\\r i i i s !®i i3 *! i i 1934-36 65 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, •d 3 c o I=> G 8W o 03 3 t & 3 P cm lfN •P 3 | | 1 1 1 KNOO i j & i £ 1 CM 1 ! CO o j r-i C kn m 100 "u a S i “ • § i " i "si i i 179 20 i is j°> 1 O CM H » 1 kn i 'si so i i kn i in i i i *- i i€ i KN t— CM CM 1 KN ^ CM 1 “>$ : s i 4 : ; sg ai !$* 1 1 nO CM 1 1 1 00 vO CO i i kn o 1 1 KN rH 1^ ! KN ON O I I Os KNCM | i cm co os r- 1 in rH CM rH i £& CM 1 H O £- m i g-fc- ; ; if ; ONOsPin 1 CO CO 1 CM rH Os t— H Qs | 3R°"R i £££££ rH On KN i i S“'i CM 1 I 1 1 1 KN ^ 1 g\ JH CM 00 j - j 1 1 H 1 ISO | 1 1 1 KN 1 3 j j a 5 in i i-3-i in i i i CM 1 l l 1 1 1 1 l «3I8S S ! vO 03 1 00 Qs 1 is inc— kno kn on cd unkn § ! ! tR ! i i i fails' sr :f s s \ ; !§a*& 53 j I O' 4in i KNt*- rH CM 1 CM H 00 1 1 KN 1 CM I 1 sO 1 ! 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H i i KM4 iqT! ! ! i iii ; 8 ; i i i ill1! i ill! i i i i I l j 1 'O j i^ ; (3 j S ) 1 1 1 1 in 1 1 KN 1 CM 1 CO 1 1 1 j - j ; ; i j i j | I s s i | NgNO | 05 1 j4 j j j CM 1 1 C*~CM i S~ ! i r-i in 1 j rH "0-4 1 i“ rH | H rH CM cj ! i ! i <£ l 1 CUIA r- i i KNrH | 1 | 1 1 1 in i i Is- o 1 1 inCM I l G\ I 1 *ngH i'0 O 1 ^CM j il CO CM j JVj KN * 5 s i s j 8S i ifcJSSR HH _4 KN i i 00 CM O 1 I U\h3 int^KNoo r- on cm no ^ m -4 KN I kn h- i ! 4 Os KN in UNsO V& ^ KN 1 CM R^un^ 8 ONKNrH On CD cm* ! in in in cm in in rH KNs© rH cm co t" in in 03 rH f-in i 3£l t— O' •8 4 Qs 1 00 O 00 S I P 4H mt* in UN KN j ^<3 1 1 o KNrH SRRSS to 1 rHvO 1 r-i®. in gN^CMCM j OIO 1 HH KN 1 sO LTN ; |R8 ; 8|Tf 2g O' 1 KMD 1 KN 1 rH | CM UNsO CO CM s° S3 KN CM KN in 1 41*- i KN 1 8 1 ^§3 KN UNrH mtt $S2 *h mr* ;§£ -ON C-> in kn -4 CM* CM CO sQ -3 CM rH SR3PS 00 KN I-T SO* in kn Os in in c— Qs KN r- F-sQ O^sO^-4 rH 25 rH ON P"Sn8j$ o F-ao 05 in co rH CM ^ i 3'OKN rH | KNHKN mine' r~_4 CO rH KNt-CM CM HH CO 00 t*— CM rH iTSSoS CM rH CM sQ CM KN KN UN GS in in on KN >-i ON KN $mjb in rH CM KN in vO » 1 1 1 I I ! 4CJ 1 "'SSR CM SO Hv o 1 CO KN 1 t-CM KN 1 °'rt i i i 1 iJS" ^8? j I £^s ilf 1 KN t^-CM rH : Os MOOnO kno cg-jj in CO -4 1 KN rH tRR ISP ISSSI HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 69 j CO I I N !*! | ! ; |$ ! S' ! ! § j i J glKN . OV ; 2 ! 1^8 cvT I I I s : ! \-3 I t ! S- rl CU I NO ! i* ! «* & ! ! ‘ s ; ss 3&2 ! £ P !2S 3 u\-s i k\ oj i C3 - 'OOI'O HH t^HOv 3k\ IT\ KMTN ! -2 IfNQ ITS 00 t- -d- IfNC^CJ -TcvT-i mr< ?S8 fill I !5 21 SS MS ^8 ts 8.-0 »5 ££££ P H ftO 4 121 5 ££ 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 a ir-i 1 Mi¬ l*l»ff "\ i r 811*1 SUM "i«r 1 1 Ms s m»i ll 1 1 1 rr* Mill “in -MM s i S' | S' Mil* a a 1 l°*8 &MSBR 8ft* 1* um 8»l&« "IMS *81*8 8 S"”*® cj ! 1 !-~ *n" -ss- *1 i»* -58^ Agrp s I*™* *11 1» |S^| si ri -181 1 81 1-- • 181 II s mi *1111 ! sjp* 1 “i ri an 1 81" I* i-l I i t ir*i him im Mill "MM "in ®lll® i^iil 8 11"*! 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H H £ SSSfK H j i£S£ B$£KB SF"** f*sr * j — S?R fR}*°£& fH i ttggg g J* JmTh 5*80 SSB 88185 SO**** |-S|1 vjVhVn 5RS98 rfa ~- i 58§st gj OJ rH C\j »H k^rrs mu rH uScJ^rf SRRRS R**8f rfcf M a“$Sfi - - a« ** -- rs^ »*&** S3--5- •35'KVS-3 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 1*111 1*51 III Mill M*| *«*«» SK»» IIS 1 1 l C\ 1 i cs 1 1 K\ {CR3S3 PB}®* I IS Ml*° **SI w J* i«ri “'Mi him mi - 1 ! iii "iim mi 1 1 1 ^TM IMS i r *r"“ in 1 ! ^ »8M» 1*81 I 1 1 °m- |ag| i r - |3 SS**S slf" "M S««e *SR» ~if Kg'® S3 Kr|rtj "IS 8&jdR &S&j Ml *fcS| r i *IM® e&§| Mi *s>|-a '°©,*'| ri 3|f33R EPS J Mi "Rr» •"Mi m ssm "in m n i ii mi 1 1 1 wm *&*'• I £!“'' PgjSR $%$"' I-* mu m& "S * «*"* sssjr f O' IIIS3 g MM" *S*»3 i I*"!* cm *1 1 M Mil I s rm "Mil Mill * ii-i Hill iim \S i | WJt J HIM ill 1 1 6 1 si I 1 1 1 Ml MM I g Mill 1 1 Ml rn % mil mi- « I iin! ill!! § S^S ®*I3S to I 3***3 #H«* £ *8 MS 1 ™*ls rj- a* | -si S » j KR” SSKSS i 23S§£ P | JRS | 8°' j JPfr S £ |BR§ « |i?8^ ^833* I »IM" "MM |“«-S £ £ |SRS I i jfc&r rtRoRK 3 !*"*§ »MRI M*S* s mis iimi im a mis mu ms! g 3»£g* j | |»a «2?R{?i£ $ 8S83S Ilia" *a«»s 5 SmS £$£$? &5S& -=t* r-T irir-T ft rHCM* inCM>HCM S 3S&BS R^Sfi ium fi - •- — - O' 0\K\0\K^ VOC\JC\JK>ON CJ r-JJ* JO IT* Mill fill! -ill 1 Mill “III! '“Mil i$*i i &R83S aais* mi *S&** »l M“ r«ss SI Ml 1 Ml 1 r*«i “I Ml liwl 1 mi i Mi 1 1 Mill I i 1 I 1 Mill 1 MM H I M »SI 1 1 Mill *1111 ***11 ill I I IM*R M™ 1 'Hill th 1 "1 1 II as* is «*SRS SMS* S3»M *|p§» *5* SR sISEi *I*R® wr*» | sss | 1 1 teMIS i— ^ *i*ai *MI* ^SRwa "MSI »S*IS ggpMPR *1111 m i «sr | HI 1 1 || Rgga«* £ rai 9RR« &8«IR agtR^-R SIS” 3I*S1§ atr* a$5B& -Is- »«l 1* ^vouja. ,r'K}iA,| is*i i -3!~s »SI gasiRs Si-! i "an *S5>S>| 98RS9 !**®l ■TU** ®”1 ! 1**11 IS*I» 1*1“ 1 SJSSfc tr'rHlf' J p®8I II I*'* SIT** ir« "1*1 -1 i*” is ! I ! I9III Hlll 111*1 w { SI 1 Mil! ill: ££--33 S**SR *9"** H I In j - 1: -s®1" £&?£* *&£? i-i vo i-T $!*££ W hV in rtcviV um mwk tort cj rn in ri m HKi 23h-'°'S rH 5 5 -j | “'SR* I ! «*3i* lHRl» I ! 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IISII II 115 nr I 1 I 1 1 Mill 1 RR j S' j JKV3P=ir' w cm ggs-g in into cm Is- cm cm invo CM |H in in r« tr, 8 1 in j |^h8R | ^R ims 1-4 to j inincj 1 r-4 rH |-RR“ m CM O K\lfNVOM inmrH K\®0 S^isf nh h inm ^Stasis 8 Svcjvo rH rH it 10 2SSMP ovinvo ervvo cm m CM iH *0.Sf O rH CM CM r*jt jo nr- PS 7^ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 11B. —STUDENTS GRADUATING FROM CURRICULA PREPARATORY TO TEACHING, BY SPECIALTY, 1935-36 Oraduates with specializations In tenehlns certain subjects : Graduates with other specializations State or out- : : Commerce: : Indus- : : Public- : Public- : School : School : Educa- : business: economics; trial arts :Mer :Women:Men:Homan:Men:Women!Men:Women: Nan : Women: Men; Women: Man adminis¬ tration tional : Other research: subjects Her: :i7omga:llem:WomeP:Mep:Womn::Man:WomeD » 2 » 3 11 = 12: 13 : l4: lg ; 16 ; 17 = lg: Part 1.- Totals Continental thited 817 12 683 1 ,533 23 2. 606 qo>cy | C\J 1**11 *1*11 I I I*" INI! till! I I I* I i III!! I I I i I I IS I I i ! i : i till! I I I ! I * IJP I I 11**1 I II HS™ I I II I I \-\ I ii ii HIGHER INSTITUTIONS I I ~ I 3 S3 2 I ~ I I I I i 1*1°' : i i** i ii i i i i it nr ii 1 1 1 ~ ii 1 1 ! I I mi: ii MM i: ! I I I 'S I MM Mil SR £3 I 5 I I I -S &« o Ii d 5 ■ S : ■sss m3 *» s t fl£ 13 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193^-36 HI&HER INSTITUTIONS 83 I : ! ! ! 10 i ! ! *5 ! ! : s* : : i : : ; i : : : : 5 8 ! ! S3 IIS! I 3 ! I I S I I : si::: s i i i “ : \ : : : : : : : : : : : i i S2!*S ! 1 3 1 ::::•: i : « : : : : : : : : : : 3SS,S «a* : * : : H : : : : is::” : : ^ : s s : :s - :•* : s ^ : : *-“g : §Sj!8"3 SSS” gjji«l §11” BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 lill* *" S I j- III Is 111 j. ± Jil" Js IIIs il ....I b 3 ill is 3 S' It!8 j 1# " T" I 1 - s -I ! H ! ! : i i i i HH ! ” : : : \ g N i ! * ! ! i i n ! 2 ! ! ! ! ''SIS! 3 ! ! S ! 16 9 6 14 !3'°!- ! ” ! ! 2 22 I” ! : : : : : £ ! *8 i SRI!! I ! ! N ! : : : : : ! 3 i ^ i ! ! !~2 - ! ! ! ! : : : : : ! ! i " ! ! " i i i ^ ! S3 I m ; J -h -4 *a ! — : ! !NS 3 ! ! N 00 , j , «« S N : 2 3 ! 8 ! w ! 3 ! ! S ! : - i ai01^ ; ; : : : 10 105 80 68 2 11 “>8^g : i i : * 2 106 7 4 12 3 14 4 1 2 1 10 r~as M i ! ! ! -£52- ! - ! ! i -2 I 28 ! | | « | : : : : : ! ! ! ! ! (°- : ! - !!!•“•! * 3 ! ! “ ! ! ! ! ! 2 2 ! S3 1 j ! j j ! 10 ! 1 2 III!! : : : 2 : *-• j ; ; j IS!!- ! -• j j j N ! -2 : n j « ; « 3 5 15 4 5 2 2 11 8~ ! : M i - - 2 ! 8N ! — n 2 i ! ! *s"3« : ! ! • ! ! ,°235 ” ! i ! : -S833 : : : : : 3S32S ! ! ! : * 3 - ” ” ^ ^ ! i i ! — 82 : : : : : 1-2? ! : ! ! ! 28!- IIIII ! ! ^S10 J N , , M i 13 16 3 5 ! “ ! ! g snh : i H ! i * ! 8^ ! — H 3 ! ! ! 41 1 6 10 113 41 1 *3^,0 ; : : : i 18 108 Z 144 35 59 23323 : ^ i : i 8 3382 n ! i ! ! 22^33 : ! : H ! : : : : i “ 3 ! 3 ^ ! ! ! ! ! w : i s- ! , « ! w 2 16 3 1 11 1 2 1 3 15 ««««, 1 — i " ! "2 ! ! ! ! 323S 12 110 105 34 43 20 19 21 22 135 38S3” m02SS 300 16 7 83 24 3|!23 : : : : : : i : : i ! : N ! i ! ! ! : * 22 : ! ! : : i : : H , j M J ! N ! ! i * : ! — ! ! ! ! * j ;»nh n ! ! ! 8 °2 !H ! i ! ! " ! 2 ! 12! "2 ! ! ! § ! -28 : : : ; i ! --28 ; : : : : 3SSS8 : : : : i “SSiS I ! ! ! * 117 1 67 33 8 2:sr : : ; : : 3S«23 : : : : : 3|l S’ ! ! ! ! ! : ! ! ! • : i : : : 4 10 16 ! ! * ! ° NO ! I " ! -Hrt2 S3!®! I il li ii il Hi il iiiii iiiii HIGHER INSTITUTIONS S5 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934—36 Si if3 lt!s II! hlv il8 h !lU .if* 1* ill ..IIs I..II8 aiti Ml! Jr -• SI i-!)* i j? lir i i i 8 5 5 i : : 5 i i i ” i ! i H i i i i N ! 38 i 10 i ! i i i i « : i i ! i ! * i ! i ® i : 8 i * ! 8 ! 1 i 2 * i ! : ! i i ” i i i i * : 101 l l 14 i 2 1 1 1 *: -3- ! ! 8N8 193 54 33 1 * i i ^8 1 i i 3 i SS-81 ! « i ” i N ! i i i i 8* ! H ! 01 ! i i s i : - i i ! i ” i Si!01! “ir 2 ! ! 3 ! 191 59 26 70 “S ! i 3 48 14 3 10 9 8 ! i 8 i S318S 38 13* ! ! ! i ! 3 1!!! iiiii iiiii i i i ~ ! iiiii * i i ! ! ! " i i i ! " ! °“D 8 ! 3 ! ! ! 8 ! ^ 8 i 3 i i i i : : 3 : 3 : i i : S i i *8 ! 5 ! ! °* I ! ! ! ! ! ! H ! ! ! 3 i 1 ! iiiii i ! ! i ! 1 i i i i Si!*! ! i ! i ! ! i ! i 3 ! ! 3 ! 8 i 8 i i ! ! 3 i ! i ! i i i ! i i : s i ss :s : i 5 : : i 1 i II i ! ! ! ! ! i : i i “ ! i ! ! ! i 10 i iiiii Sill! H i i ! i i ! ! « ! ! ! ! tv 8 !22"i i 3 i ! 3 7 181 19 ! ! i 8 : 10 : i i i 8 i ! 3 ^ ! ! I ! ! ! ! i i i i 3 ! 10 i : i i i " iiiii iiiii i * i iiiii ~ : ** g s ! S'"!! l 39 1 27 4 ! 2 i ! ? i i : 2 i " i 3 i : 104 2 r 39 2 ”5 i H i S*s33 ! ! 8 S £ 32 581 268 157 115 ««l*8 112 157 83 167 41 81133 1,333 160 41 498 177 83358 ! ! ! S'" i ! ” ! ! i i i iH!HW *3 i * ! 10 : i : i 80 1 16 6 M 3 1 ! ! 36 14 11 264 98 ! ! S3 n ! »2a'2 21 12 8 13 22e S8!S- 3 ! i 8 i 8,aa* 8 8 " i 429 411 191 1,690 364 120 18 220 208 102 98 1,266 619 272 507 1,422 741 221 1,140 46 453 42 129 2,448 i 480 270 1,445 1,274 130 2,607 162 42 72 ! I ! : i ! » ! i ! 3 i "'■"M * i : i i !!!""* -- i : i 833 ! 8 12 17 34 46 74 41 181 88 8 5 8 3! 83 i 23 37 10 19 18 4 211 24 21 103 58 61 129 38 20 iiiii 8 ! ! ! ! iiiii iiiii M 1 i ! i iiiii °* i i : i 10 i i ! i ! I ! i 3 ! ! ! ! 3 8 i 25 ! i "3 i : 3 8 ! i 3 i : * : : S3 i ! ! 38 i : : ! ! ! 3 i iiiii : ^ i i i i i • : ”3 i * i fii i“i : i : 2 : i * : i i V 3 21 1 H ! i H i i 8 7 12 8 30 19 4 01 i i 3 i 13 2 1 60 8 33” i ! 83588 3« ! 88 32 104 54 87 80 8883 : $8283 $”853 28888 88288 i il li iiiii liii il il! il 11 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS S7 i i i : i IS”! ! 3 : ! 10 ^ ! ! 3 ! ! 3 SS" - : : : : : " ! i s i : * : : : : : r® i * ! : : : i : ; ! : “ i : a ! ! : ills 1)813 s i 1 : ! N ! ! ! : : : ; : Sill : : n : : : : i : i i : : “’ll! ! S SIS! 3 ! ! ! ! " ! * ! lei 24 19 3 33S10 662 2,162 207 B 578 292 575 1,239 40 32^ ! : •“ ! * ! 35SSS2 E3S3 : : : : i " ! ! i ! : s i : s : : : i : : : i ! “8 ! "S ! nNS ! 31 201 4B 12 53 S8S2 : : i : : i 3 ! ! : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : i : ; : ; : : ; : ! S3 : : : I && BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 14.— HONORARY DEGREES CONFERRED, 1935-36 State or Outlying Part t s xD.D.iLL.D. x t tL.H.D. lUtt.D. . :So.D* t t sEngoD. t s :Ped.D. t t s tEd.Dslfus.D. s t s .sD.C.L. s . xS.T.D. t tJL.M. t t S l tM.S • (Other (Total ( s s 1 rs i 3^ « 4 « 5 t 6 t 7 > 5 • 9* 10 V 11 « 12 > » 14 » 15 ( 16 Continental United States . . . . 363 437 1/59 111 i4i 38 15 i? 21 10 9 64 7 57 1,347 Alabama . . 7 12 1 2 l _ _ _ _ _ 2 — 25 Arizona . — - 1 l -- — — — — - . — 2 Arkansas . 5 1 . _ _ _ _ — . _ _ _ 14 California . . 11 24 . 3 4 _ — _ 1 1 2 _ - 2/8 54 Colorado . • — 2 - 1 2 1 — 3 - - - f/1 10 Connecticut . 4 4 5 _ _ _ 16 2 — 33 Delaware . 1 - - — — — — -- - 1 - — 2 Di st riot of Columbia . 8 2 - 2 — — - 2 - _ 16 Florida . 6 1 1 _ — — 2 — 1 - — - 4/1 16 Georgia . . 11 4 ' 6 2 ““ 1 — ~ - — 24 Idaho . l 2 3 _ __ _ _ _ 7 Illinoi . . 46 17 . 7 4 — — 1 h — - 7 - 5/5 91 TnrH Ann _ . . . . . 10 13 1 1 4 3 — — 1 — — 1 34 Iowa . 9 2 1 2 1 _ — — — — - _ 31 Kansas . 5 1 3 - — 1 " — — — — - — 18 Kentucky . . . 7 4 . 2 1 __ — __ — — _ _ __ 14 Louisiana . — - - - — — — — — — — - — 2 Maine . 8 4 2 2 1 _ _ — _ — 8 - _ 27 Maryland . . 4 13 - 1 - 1 — 2 — — — — - — 21 Massachusetts . 21 8 9 9 h 1 2 — — 9 1 6/4 74 Michigan . . 5 16 1 2 5 6 — — 1 — — 2 - T/l 45 Minnesota . . 5 3 2 1 1 — — — — — — — - 12 Mississippi . 2 - - - — — — — - - 4 Missouri . . . 14 9 1 1 1 _ — — i — — — - 8/5 30 Montana . 3 - - 1 — — — — — 4 Nebraska . . 6 2 _ 1 1 __ __ _ __ __ _ _ 10 New Hampshire . 4 . 2 2 — — -- — — — 2 - 10 New Jersey . 5 - 4 4 7 — — — — — 2 - 2/1 25 l _ _ _ — — — — — — — 1 New York. . . 50 10 9 13 5 5 — 2 3 7 — - 10/8 121 North Carolina . 13 1 3 2 _ 1 1 __ _ _ __ 33 North TViVotji »Ttt-»tTTTtt**t» 1 i 2 Ohio . . 38 34 1/3 6 11 ~6 — 2 n n I n/6 112 Oklahoma . . 1 4 . _ — — — — « — 1 - J/i 7 Oregon . . — 6 - 1 4 — — " — — — 1 - — 12 Pennsylvania . 60 7 22 30 1 5 __ h i 4 - li/5 184 Rhode Island . . 2 6 - 4 3 — — _ — — — l 1 — 17 South Carolina . . 4 6 . 3 l — — — — — — — - l^/l 15 South Dakota . . 5 9 - l 6 2 — — 2 — — — 25 Tennessee . . 18 8 1 3 1 — — 1 - k - - -ISA 37 Texas . . . 13 _ _ 1 _ _ _ 28 Vermont . . 2 6 1 l 4 — — 1 _ _ — _ 1 1V1 17 Virginia . . 18 3 1 2 2 — — - — — — _ - 2A 27 Washington . 3 3 - 1 — — 2 — — — — - IS/i 12 West Virginia . . 6 5 - 1 1 — 2 - — - -- - - " 15 Wisconsin . . 5 8 2 4 4 - - 1 - - - l - lg/2 27 Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii . • — „ _ l l _ _ _ „ 2 Philippine Islands . , 1 - . l — — — — — — — . 2 Puerto Rioo . . — “ ■ l *“ ““ — — “ “ ~ 1 1/ Including 2 designated as H. H. D. in one institution. 2/ Bachelor of arts, 3j associate doctor of soience in oste¬ opathy, lj doctor of eonnercial soience, lj master of dental surgery, 1; dootor of foreign service, lj mas¬ ter of pharmacy, 1. 3/ Master of fine arts. Doctor of diplomacy. 2/ Master of fine arts, 2j dootor of both (canon and civil) laws, 1; doctor of optometrical sciences, 2. 6/ Master of education, lj master of music, 2; dootor of phar¬ macy, 1 . 2/ Master of engineering, lj master of laws, 3. master of sci¬ ence, lj master of science in business administration, 1; master of science in accountancy, 1. 8/ Mot designated. Hi a/ I Mechanical engineer. Master of pedagogy, Is dootor of Hebrew literature, 5» master of laws. Is master of literature, 1. Doctor of Hebrew law, 1; bachelor of arts, 2s civil en¬ gineer, Is master of music, 2. Doctor of arts. Doctor of fine arts. Is master of pharmacy, 3» doctor of Jurisprudence, 1. Bachelor of philosophy. Master of laws. Civil engineer. Doctor of commercial science. Doctor of philosophy. Master of science in social service. Is dootor of fine arts, 1. 77228 0—38 - 7 BIENNIAL SURVEY or EDUCATION, 193**~36 less® rm CM* N H 58E&S MsS sssss siisi rl VOH CM* HHH1 esaas asaas gsiss isass S9!«££ S*«i3' rSIS SI3S8 S&fi=3 SSSSS Sis$&$ *Si$l S£g££ Isms sis'r‘ ^ tHlt^ i-C fSIH g$RS8 3££&S sssii %%m £§£<»s Rasas ass as mi gggaS alass SaaSS f**$s ££$$& £&£&$ imi isigg a- . WH HH CM* I «HBs SS§«& s=ss* iisss ssss’t §ss§& afiass 3'8'SES si» sstis ^* ^*^ rj^ » s~-5S3 aa**c? {trj^sik 6ftrtR,Q I ill ii I iliil Hill till! Hi Sil iiiii sage seas Mss sM cfn i^iS ~ K gssss S££n 88SS* ISf S Jt* rH* Cl? zm «gasa Ees« *%&&§ ms f-? jH CU Cl? O^ U> r^r-T rH ssag ssSs rH* I85M S$S| E*SS Slil MN» g&a* &saa *&«¥£ *«£* SKS r^tjrnin gaSIS g&s! spsa « Kl£ 5 sSREf; E«KI W as* ! i i ! Sf;BSE 8S€£ ggesfi 6«S« ITV r* <\T rH m §aaa sM gffSI* g?KR Ifgsi JKS3 Klo sg s s£!rc§ SKs 8 i*U S=gg HM H last -Si SfiS§5 EBSk ®Sf8 ClT^ rH in rH* CVJ* l^s 'Sis 9fSSSR ^S!SH HIGHER INSTITUTIONS S*!96 a1*- ss mass's ss& gg £- ffgWR $£££§> &&££* 38i^l isHe *s‘“ts isas® Miii eg-sis CVJ* H rH*rH* fH ClT rT $»£3§ *§*€£ £*!££ £5*5* 353RR sbbrs sates &ssg& sasas fniOCU rH HO rH W K> rH O M CTNin J-Vh^I^ .jf ON <\j“ in rH sm Miaa 3«8&* a$$£i sasgs ttSSfgd fK°' Sagf£ JP&SP:^ Rg88$ ^ **H s3£s£ 5&m 8*»$* FFia? £Sa£8 ****'& 3» MR s'SSSS *«a‘KS S'iSS'5 HH CU* \m$ eesg i aasai S'”'5*" «'H‘ s's Of §8 s?a"s ga'-s slSsf SI«S §£B§s ilii® sS&Si at' a s»* #&'& tr §' mi ciici,mvo ^mrHjn ©SB'S'0 ssii* Esg&S £**&& £85 & t rTrTci? srais S*~gHg SSHS s-r*^ asgss S,'-JSS- &i§^ g S&& S“?fl ses®! C\J iH f&flS ae&^s sfsia S'SS * 91 TABLE 15.— RECEIPTS, 1935-36 - 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193**-36 ii&re sf IBs ^i§8 ** ^ ^ s I ** *&«& mis« gasfe“ Kjgsjf £*3&£ &&&£ up* w 3 vo* jtyj> aaa&s §*i§& 'fei & SSSSs SSISS ! *§ r as « I ii ell as g'giss I is a» r it •••• -g 1 ii: ir s mm | iim mu S ^h‘hV^ i-T ^ rH* I I *$&8 S&83 - tfa& fesga NH- SESMt S8&33 f*3£9 8S“** «S$3£ SHS8 gssss ss*a* ir»KjkO\to rj vo £-c\j r-r- ness asss $38SS Has' •* CM* rH* rH* ft£g» 3&8* §i«gi sia&s CyrfrIrHVD ^«<0*H i&s*g «S^g £**8 ftmsr zm sa*=*g ««** «s&ss sea *T3g $*££3 g*a **!&* §!££ K6SS t&SS ^ cvTrti^ £*“§>* @§i& llssi ins ^ rH* mm zm «**5a g^S K58S* £J® CU rH rH rH* •R^S •"SR* ill iHi ii i!ii! iiii 5 Is 1 11 HIGHJER INSTITUTIONS 93 gs» sssgf §§ m ssttis z$m sssif s&bs Msi* UsM s‘s «s sir s f§h's‘ 2$i 5 !5®»S «* J J J ^ cvT *8*8® &2ISS! s&££$ 3a£;?£ SiHs SSBSS S£§S gfess ££g«g ism ses •% isim smi £M jT ^ rH* NO?** CvT ■£ HH* eag&g 1££S£ «8S8B ilslS *!*£& RR&BS S35S UMi iwi mu Him r«s$ Urn tsam ^ OJ* rH rH CVI H^VwW VO ri 1^ g^at O $ lH ^ at rJ IO C\T mt& s«aeg sines ss®s& snssi; h&ss suss «»§'§' -:ss&s s'r«e' ssr'i ~3s'3® i**'» ~ H at m&? ««l» S^S® **5«» s¥ * "Bft i BBEBS SSBK &3&S £§fviRg $3g&l *iM3$ *Wi[ tl i ! I ISIIl III!! mil ! I ! ! I IS! i I ! ! mu Mill 1 151 1 Hill £511! *S*5* m&$ BfiSBK pm am &*$£ b^I RSKBR £*££& m&S Aim ss*a« fssss ii®fg &&*a WH ^ H Kwcf S'RgjSS 'ai$S>8lK! m\\ I5SR£S M «JPjf Hggrf^ *«Mg FSSSS 5IfA§ 88*5 *w* ma mi 1113.1 IRIII §111 r-t CJ !I*J?I $* 12,810 3.525 12,000 imi uj iiill ill! 3tS®S *s pi £££££ m$ mu im* hs£ j&ssr ms*- im a «« - - "W**'" S'S-’JS TABLE 1 6.— EXPENDITURES, 1935-36 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 § 38253 83288 §3338 82328 88332 63882 28332 1 432 1,272 1,352 3,098 218 2,495 3 457 735 413 88822 3|8|| 88.22.2 8*588 8.8*38. 1 85223 33822 3.3822 388.8.S 82283 44252 lllsl 8 5*81* rs 5* *88*8 asasa §2*3* S3S38 28*55 £8882 31288 §8383 888*5 nm 828.2.8. 2.8.288. § s S3||a 2 III 88383 315 2,030 146 1,959 1,149 22558 5**32 45*88 rH 81838 82883 88238 22883 28228 52268 mil s s 5*53.5 2 358 *3283 32888. 83*3* ran |l 2.5 *8 25353 32885 s§§§§ 51352 33821 !||is 3.3538 2 s pip 8.888.2 22382 CO C\T p>'ii 22823 Hiss 82252 HMHH r-T oToT 8 12382 22518 58.443 32832 53.488 28.532 8.3.525 I1 83288 mis 22223 §3333 3.5.828 33288 25583 o> to m HCjOD «D ■° * N °* a SS"Sri * "s i i S 8 i 2 i§ i i iiiii i!!!2 13 IE 1 ill! 81 181 - 1 § 2 s 8‘ s i a 8 * t 1 i 55882 33882 I.P.IS 595 207 717 445 22882 25282 28252 I s 33‘S‘|B to 3*283 88.2.2.2 83288 r-i tO 5.5.85.3 8*35.5 42858 rH oT 5 ** I i Sis! i §2238 82683 lam 28555 44444 88332 3 3 2a-as 3‘*3‘S‘S“ *§588“ S8‘*8S; 35*2* 165 10 178 391 28*25 03 i 3 ? Hall 22135 38828 183.22 8.8.283 44444 25252 * 1 ^ M PSsJ §‘* 3“ 8“ ssass 22238 lisss 8*533 |2S"§.3 l *i 1SIII 88282 *4444 88382 88253 88885 51888 l “ ss'sis 2a“*8‘* 83283 to 33522 83882 25283 88828 *8 88828 §2388 2.2.288 8.8.88* 82§§§ ssiH i 8 «*j[* sagas "BiBI 3**8® 32*3* 8**“H‘ 8 2“ *8" *8 1.8.222 sills 31222 §8322 ?482§ mis 28252 3 i 2,049 815 852 14,609 2,461 88382 8 2;? 2 8 ■<* ■<* m to 44444 MBrt,S 82828 co* SsW 5“a‘2“22 *4 IJ.P.I 88288 S33S3 22322 32882 82283 sills 1 3 SSiiS n 3*232 aW» tO r-i 82822. 38.845 f*8‘45 ip p 2 24 5 20 86 17 20 2 14 10 44 5 3388 ssss00 S ^ 10 s ^ gssss HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 95 95838 2331s 3853® 33883 CM r* r7 38888 *8“a“5“8‘ 38“«S 38351 iss3s 838r" 33388. 83883 83881 5283* 53'®38 SS888 ssssi ipii ehh; UD* rH CO alssl SsSSs Pitt iilii *rn" “23 aa“ss“8 8513! 83338 8“8 s* 5“8”3“ CM *H alls! 88385 28828 55288 rl Ifl H H rl CO 'O H H ^ 55.85.5 8.38.5.5. 1,169,272 286,915 495,083 393,265 62,315 182,888 29,275 5881 «8“a“ 7,636 8,592 17,014 1,080,807 79,961 260,499 54,679 174,296 12,261 207,711 202,615 457,500 387 3,168 17,062 1,523,992 745,433 2,043,098 199,666 10,187 105,187 15,964 59,671 5,227,302 3,346,622 10,629,447 780,584 171,339 714,462 1, 1571409 i ! i i i ili s 874,145 368,739 1,307,225 84,216 11 i s 83 S 204,775 97,050 295,961 24,746 3,277 40,457 14,052 26,832 397,647 499,152 1,154,500 138,149 20,933 137,755 180,923 237,239 193,445 784,529 171,469 19,000 77,055 741 164,863 48,584 2,261 49,305 9,488 12,583 2,381 2,988,290 1,686,401 6,144,809 298,322 63,909 326,043 383,767 643,360 s.y.s Publicly controlled Institute BIENNIAL survey OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 11 32252 i5is& mn 8§§23 sssss i§5S8 § S5S8S 3" 88 33331“ 88383 3*8* 3*8*2“ 3“«s“3 88S‘8S ^ - « «“ *8 28252 issisl 35333 52332 mil 83888 8 gggSS 35" 3S 58£S§ SS8S* SgSSS S3£ “S ?ssss *3 §2833 81183 ills! 33313 58528 Half 52223 I 5 3 If 3 s si Ills- Sfiagi SSSSS i3'"s'i 12*88 ^ HHH CM iH CM ~§ siiSI §1 i Sg SSRgS ssssl slssl E2SS1 Hiss 3 "sffss " «s s*ass *Sa'l* §f«» «*«# S* a* I sills Sills llils IbsSI Bliss s§IIs sslss I is^ss ir‘s‘3 am iiiii iiiii imi iiiii S ^ - ~ 8 §ia$° 33333 25582 Hiss 88833 22233 lalii 3 33288 53*8*38 SS3S8 88588 83355 83338 33885 g IO r( rl Jj* O »H MCM rH ‘83i S35S3 ^ « °*‘ H s3 ^ siiil i a is i i 38 * 88 21112 Iiiii iiin **iii IIIII ilsll S‘B‘8V8 s‘siHs H* 8881-3 liill 8"5» 5‘ " 3‘a" 395 IS iiiii ii/ i s 35818 81218 "58 s‘ * 5] * Hill Iiiii B|S*| 55|35 siiii iiiii 882*8 338.88 S8£N3 °* S S ^ S3 i 1 iiiii Hill fit in HIGHER INStITUTIONS 99 Igsls tO ft CD «0 HO o ^ (O w o oho o n w « o o to W a> O CD w to ^ c^co^oo* o» to o> N 'l’ H N Q Q w N «5 CO C*- CM O ft ft CM r? t* ft ft cm to c*- eo ft 8Soo® y eo © to © c- © e- to lO to os to CM O- ft 3 35 5 " ” : s s i : 1 CM O ^ © C- to tit to ffi 83513 tO O* CD tO O H^OO<0 rH ts ft ft -M* tO O tO ^ rf © jO si ess 8gS8 H*”Hn <5 S 3 8 1,055 24,028 86,306 14,320 14,991 2,042 5,752 1 O -•* ft 1 ! «3 3 S ! 1 I 1 0» 1 1 I to cm eo »* 1 NO 1 O 1 CM CM l O 1 CM Cv l O S i ! § 1 1 H S8 “ eo o» eo silii i2S2 lO O C- ft C- © 0» C- cm eo o cm •* 8S£8 5 in cm y CM CM ft ft o> n o « o N O' to H O CD CD o* 50 y tO © 0M 0> to to to CM eo to to CM © C«- O tO © ft © © H © C" CM ■* o c- a> srs © to tO ^ to to ■*• 29 13 8 18 •5 6 3s _ JSS is Bis 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193^36 1!!S n in SIS I- 1 1 o I * -s iill ini s »iais I sllsl i hsii £ s«‘S^e § S “g* ssSH *SW r aisss - j «-a-3- I i i § s ; 1 3* 1 £ ££52* PIP I - I £21*5 P‘PX UN oTuNUN 1B383 ills® §BS£R kno? cu mtt $ aJ®s£ °£§&g £g*£3 sis'll g'iias 2^23 mii iMii 3 “W* SSSSS BSSs t^a'e =*8'iii liglt 18838 I Pi *iii$ CO t- CVJ rH BBI&gB fg|»s iSS^S g®gg§ & -Va ^a*- rMH 33$S& ffiiii iiiii KN CU CM f- HO'OjH SstSS ssssa liiEl sill's ^ unRun 2, fR*$5 »ts&§ Bill SSSli §ifsf mu iiiii U£$$ s-'a-s -*§i=?s mm sssss ££Mi iiiM §'»»§= lists SsSB lalii isles' 3 22$^ 5sgt$ ISHs £2g£8 * BfcBES * um KN gsoT J mu mss iiiii iim 4 4^'J mu am S&333 &b*«& 3"*^gg m33 %m\ iJiii E5B8S £sS£l iiiii iiiii 322r:§ aSo?iRrf eKsBS p»X Miis -4 UN rH CVJ sO UN^O* KN t*~ »H mm aisss ilsa's Hist is Si0'* BSSSS H§5>8 p;ps s;p»; -4nOcT-4KN CJNO?-4KNr-l 2181 S SStsi iiiii s'i#§ K?£°\88 Eg§*& um islis Bill KN-4 -4 O UNOOpKOD sagsi gi3H lists iiiii 2W3°'5 8oJ22Si, il iiiii iiiii 11 ii Hits 811 B 88388 S'ftlS SSlSI SS'sH s-'ai'* «'gssa SsisSf gSSSt g?S38 Is® Iss'ei Hsll ^ 25 'Jg“fj*a> t§*8B MISS 18SIS l*lr iini £P®* SiSSs 83it8 sisss i s$ §®k ITS ITN 1 831 k sSsrI 8BSS Mm iiiii iiiii ^ 25 u^^'un5^ mn tmt mu bsb iUM pits' 4UN moTrHONCU o cm »H m co m3 o 'OO'mn iitii is K\Jmo\ >o cm mcvT ®»3\f 1^3300 m O 0\H 0\0J E^- LT\vO ^ wm S Sw mo mo 0 mm r-'O mo O CM Qs CM >C CM CM CM o mo r- 03 o m o movo rtV»g 8S 8 w P iSigi H O'H C rH CD *H HO mco m o *h mvO o SIi 3^ : “ m3 i cd rH in CD CD iH t*- ■RSS3S 0>0 O CM CVJ iiiM P c*- o\ co m 3 cd m »h mo o row ro ° ro uxe-rH OXrH Kl cm _=r m rH CM iH 3 o mo mmo\N cm m r-T §&5§ iisRs >0 O' H CO CO >0 CD CM SO* -JknCPX o mo cm m 0> rH CM m3 m m CM O fH \0 r&3&s ND -d'vo k\o P8RSP rH meD O iH 3 C£>OvO 8 co § 8 Ssst IJIJHH RRS£ 3f-mCM rH* O* P iH t^HO O 3 mm o iH CMiH mm m3 cd m f- vO ON 3 m rH mo KNwSm SRSfS OVHUN4 On m>0* c — m m C\ £3S2 ms mm ssiis o co mmCM ai 3 q\m mmv& o o mm sj?s§ 3£ssr 338T rH iH CM fH it* 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931*-36 ri 3 o M ill* P P- m I: * -s II S3 !- sim 3K3K3 S«"S£i ^ g? EESIS II is! £ ^ SSESS mu ™ 8 S&ES1 iisis 33333 § ssle§ SKe£ s sssss s aisii I "■ S Stsst " SS1SS k s^s: i um - a- assss iiiii ITS LTN j-< LTs EliSS s§ £6 esise i i i is 3 SSlSE EE* H esiss si si 3 3 sun iiiii s'* si® ®38RS SS^'is essse asais iiaii iiiii 33333 3 ssm mss &§gg& «Sifa“ is£§§ Sills s's'r ~ esisg gssig Is'lss siiii ISsll SsHs i'Ish imi 3 3 »; is>;§8 ^vovujt-j-co -o3uXOX-=t isees $ai2§ iliss iS°'v'4'H' I £ 3SSSS I iiiii a" E5S3E Pi 33 33 esEM 11*11 sBls 2'MgS sSII* £Sls£ Mill Sfis'E "'RSSS 3E?KV&^ SI §°£ USES Ess®? mu 3333 ;; cT ESSES EES3S sills Sail sssss &ssh IkII S'S'ESS 3 <3 2 3“^ 33333 i&RSR ESSES [IfSl 3SS«« 5 3 3 NX SgHS «§§-§ Sills Sa's's S&iSSK »R-^a ESSES llfis alas' fC\CV?LT»Ot^ -C? ESSES seiee »£«££ U '°‘“ 3 1 I « i iiiii 2 a SEES! 588E3 iiiii iUU KX*hVoV 3 I SEES EE I EE E"ii» U U 3 33 33 3 Bias is ees UUi ssm iiiii iiiii 3 ux 3 3 ux 33 3 3 Sls&g HSS8 Uses £zm 8?a“*8Va EEEEE 3ESEE slags i'la'K 3*3 « EES8E EilEi lag'll ss®s'8 3 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 103 cn \o t--co co n-\£> t— CVJ NO «-4 CD CVJ -3 CVJ WO CV? kn NO CO K> NO'Sw mi 'O CVJ CM r-t m\% KN O CO -d- C\J NCMAO rH ITNOO «H GO r^vO 1-4 O UVO'KMAON CVJ »-t O O KN H CVj «— « CD o cvj o -d . N CO C CM KN r SRf=i kncvT'xT S&S8 ON ON CO O O* CO CO* as as On CVJ KN N0>0-J0 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1934-36 ir I® h ii ih !!!!“ fr » 8SK * 5l§ss ssui sF*~f SS1S8 ssaa* 32SSS IlSW H'sW SHH S'&SSg SSRste ®'{£'rtVSr SSS~i mm mm ££*§$ ? v " ' ' flKT 358~3 mm Jsm P.SI3 *“S'-5 ~ cJ wm $s*b a"«s“g SSsSk sSSis sss'gg asst* ®rfa 4 aV-sa* ®sswg m$* sms S3&H imr mm §£g&£ imi ***** «§sa« alii I J 2‘ * *83& i Miii I ill satas gseag am mu ^“S » llssi $Ha* 8SS8S *888* am irnii s sra'aMa* SSIS* p|i| liiii ms ms& Isaia fifi® i~s r as® as p! SSSsR SSISS i^s| |pjg nai* ssiss is$«s sesaa sessa 8«sss nasi tsail Mh imi $$u% ttm nm *s'Sss «r«* m s oj ir^ .-T asaas alias saii? sssh *g i$ sg* i ansa sess3 Mss a'MS hiss ^ ~£ SSJ.i'-V mn nm ttm mm am w% KNuJtUK^ -O (\J KNCD*R R bhs shis -isss sMsi Uiis UiM *8 £<3 a -*s « 3giftg S*dES Mss Mssi #is£ rt‘w'^ • ~R'°' *= ipse qm mm. 3911* SSKS ilSSSS ■Siass ■** "« AS* a ssm§ asks aaags lasis sasaa hWoI -O gRR 2 mm *sm m%* Upi $i~M || 8»S g$833 a»#35e ^a'^jea* ££&& *i«ss ~^8»^ a»ga® *W» sub i«2*s ““■a®”' Isggg 81513 ssase sslss Uiii vm «"■***•' «ae II3H miR ms imi mi '°RKKNS 3U?'°*R ssm mt MiSi iiii « R"fl wa sip a»«3* gssg Ssgsl S31S Kg!|3!R p^s§ H38S 8H ■* 8i~~^ a°gis *m iiiii *fSs; dm Mill ini KMA CvT KN 2H§ slsli iiil ~{?S~- R~~~ r£Hs SSSS iUii iiM mn gm gR?3a» “'^aa s^®s ill ill 1 1 ii li i! ili 1 1 PART IV.— DETAIL BY INSTITUTIONS Page Table 18. Faculty, students, and degrees, 1935-36 . 106 Table 19. Students and degrees in professional schools, 1935-36.... 152 Part 1. Publicly controlled professional schools . 152 Part 2. Privately controlled professional schools . 155 Table 20. Receipts, 1935-36 . 166 Table 21. Benefactions: Institutions receiving $100,000 or more, 1935-36 . 206 Table 22. Expenditures, 1935-36 . 208 Table 23. Property, 1935-36 . 252 77228 0—38 - 8 105 TABLE 18.-FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1935-38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 106 CTNO'kOJ A K\ m i i i i s — — — | ~ ~ ! Mr*l CU iiiii- Mil! min ! i iiiiii! S i i i S i iiiiii Mi-- i i i i i i i i ££ ; ; f?sf j i I S i i ! i i S ! 13 S' jRrss“ » i fcfi* i°=a SR j~s 5> i i i i is nm 3 i 9- -3 r- i srH«rt i-j~~ 3k iiiiii ri 33 ;s- i i i i ! i i i iiiiii! i i i i i i iiiii~ iiiiii i i iiiiii* i i i i i i 'lllll* &gi“3 § i 5SI«IM itiii a i i i S 15 £si£3 ^*i| Si*£i i § 2 &E&TI&3 OJ-M* *S*S* in uk &sj»e CM SI3ISI 5 3 &§aiS3ff 8**» 3 8S*I if OJ -rk«u* fsa»si CU i & §83135* rH*rt igi-i R ssi i 13 VO* h-si rvTrt ^ i s? Sf« i£*~ ri*i R **HIS 8 3 Si SR— Rj - - ^°* HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 107 CM (\l ! 1 ! 1 i : ! i ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 i i I i i ! 1 33 |~^~ R $£° i i i 55 ri 33Si IB «»&!»*■ R ™ i i| ft f 3”p8R| 1 ft ft 333 i i i ft? rpr i £3* ! — SSi«s~ ! rjpr i i3 ft a PSSRSB s it O ft £-3 5S55 333 £S3s-- 3 ftft«*SS5 333 i 53 g f 535^33 I CM* -* r a’ cr» VO* r-T «H - £ ft ft CM* rt* ft *3 33 k\<\T 3£s§ 353 gftS*** 3 &&**$&£ riri 53- 1* 1 R g 35333? MV rt* 51 i 3 & 2™ S SS S"°S RPP J^CMO^COKJ s tJ°"° ! SR 3 rt* I & § “SS S*ss sap ^p-M^CMW - Kr^ss 1 in a 1 •S^ I TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1935-36-Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934— 36 mil!! § «- !!!!!! ! i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii 1 i ! i i iiii! ! i i i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiiii i i i i i i i i ! iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i ! i i i iiiii i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiiii 1 i i i ! ! ! iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiii! i i i iiiii! iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiiii i i i :!:!!! iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiii! i 5* i i i ! i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiiii i Mil:! iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiiii i is iiiii! iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiii! ! i i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiii iiii! i f i £*S®is a 5W5 n if i ! i sisTS 84$ 1 i M* if °™ia m*m* a 5*8 *35 HSfs M* 88 883 isSS 53S! a 3»!*l& 85* M* 8i®3£® ! a 55 ~ SS is- VOM* 25 iiiiii Hi i i i i 8*11 i *1*1 i® £i£ 1 S i 8e~ is~ i m’m* 31*1* s$ iiiiii i i i i i !K i i i rtM! IS §i§ i i i H®i»°'i m*m‘ £i£i i R» pSS i-T“' mm SMS 15 £*5*ag 5*5 83 K M* £«£»£* i ->33* *5 si SS 1*133 «\o i asa i is a*a 333 as s£8Si j*m‘ 8a M»M»- - i is 3l 1 *rfa“*a SLR& H*^i '5B'v $,* Sr 3S£I i S-^MS M- S»2 n hh sr ‘*"i rr r S' I %’}i-%'"Srw: '^"koYreduL to* >ull -U» TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEG 112 BIENNIAL SURVEX OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 113 MM **!!!!! Mir ~ r r Til ! ! ! ! ! i i ! 1* ~ Mi! ! ! ! i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i iii i i i i i i iiii iii i i i i **! i i~i i i i i~ i r i i s i i i i i i i ! i i i i i ff sss ; i i i iii! MSI i 1* ff5» !» r~i~ ffsffff ; iii iii il s sssi i i i Ml! ££ i i-i- i ™ ff j£R3 as^s j* ia ! i i iii is 5 ffi\ iii ! ! i ! — r i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i ! i i i ! i° ff — i i i i i i i i »»l»l | i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i i i ! i° s s&a j i i i iii; ffffj ; i i i 1* *r\\ iiiii l» i i i i i i iff s 83S* ~3S iii! i i i i •si, i iff! i SSM i isi i i i»* i i i i- «l*»l i r\ i iiiii "Mil i§ i i iii iii i ! i i i i i£ is * §*!“!? 333 ! fsS Mi i i i i i i i- i IMP irii i i i i i i i ! i i i ! IS 5 SSS 1 iii sST* Hf i i iff ff^i- is* is -SSffff ffi Khj S SS*S i i i i i i IS i i§i& 13**3 i i i i Si- S iii SSiriff 19 1 13 oTrt A^jffS SRiS.85 SRff sgs ** £fs£ S3£ rt-rt* 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ^rs Mir i i i i ! i i ! i iiii!! ii! — 1 i~ VO K\ irii iiii: iiii! & * i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i m\ i "i i i i i i i i i i i i ! i iG » R i i i i i i ! i i ! ! 1 i i i i 38**1 i i ~iiii RRJS'"'0' 1 IMS R R 3 \!?Z§8 4 i i i i i i i i i *$*1* RS :ss— «T«u* RRV3^» iiii? S $ S iiii!! i i i srs* asRf a iiii i i i U* S' i 9rip i i i i i i i i i i 33111 i i iiii: iiii! iiii® 3 5 "ri r i i i i i i i ! i i Hi i! i ! mu St St rt--T ii i i i iiii? £ ll mam s i i i i i i ! i i m\ i i i ®l is* u? -* „* •iiii iiii;: 1 a a iiiiii i i i B5®53 «l -i is* »» § j- mu i i i i“ i i i ! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i Hi i i j | rill CUM iiii! iiii5 K s i i i i i i i iiiiii i i i ‘33 i i i i i i 3 i i ! St St *m rH*m §28 rX 82*22" i rd* K\ i i •: i» i SgRg i i iiii ii i i i i if 88 is" i i i as; ;aii iiii! i iiii i i iiii ii i i i i is cvT 22122 i i i mm j j iiii! i iiii 11 s“ 92*®* S' ~£i~f rH* i i i ff i 1228 2S22* 2 i i i* ff°i i- i 2? Hi 85 rHrH* rH* i i i 281 LSIs 8 i i 12 fe3 i SR a 38 3»S & 5:S5 12 1,610 1,820 rH* 15*1*83 3S^3 I s* ssa* a* a 83388 a 8S«53 ss- 228 f\J fX rX 3222121 om £»i~S a S33S as si • i i ii s 1*1*8 a 83 iff «T m rH* ||« if i i ®i~ i i 3 i i»a i i “i i i i i i 1* l-g 22113 885 rX rX SS*I8I i i-| 3E w*^* If i Si? 2S£i? S«l i i a3,5* » i i ii 8*®*$*$ Sfi CM ss CM* i 3SJS|S s S£E££r ■?«:?&;£ & S' 5i RSSSSS3 if .OCU If -.*•* I gss^s^? s 3!£3t£R i 1 «.* R Si 3 IS iS~2 » S3 3 2 33 *\o 3 * Z* 3P&« rt* Kn” “i ii¬ ii*i* i §R IS Sj 1 I i«3 If SR rt* 3 ^* iiiii: iiiii ii i i i — i i i i l»» i j?i? i i S! i ! jS| 153 CMCM* S3 i i i i i i iiiii iiiii 2s IS I 13*12 i *§ tt j®- i-s SS ir>r^ 55 5 Si?2>8PLi? S' Si? S3 3!?KS>S 1-Si i tssas ft ft* *1 s' *5 S* k^* 3 3S^S8^ s SKRKSr -"5 R nr i Si '°n r$ 33 ss Si ss o^r - - ^cm ^ 60 IT>K>(M VC R Not reduced to' full'-tlM bui. TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1935-36— Continued 11s BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 1 1 ! i i MM! i R°"N j — “'!!!! 1 irtWH ""1 i" TT " ! ! i ! ! ! Illll i ""Miii MM! Miii Miii Mir i! ! i i 1 ! MM! ! sal i 1 II "MM »!!!! iiii! i" i r i I Miii MM! i ff" 1 1 1 si-— -pcSS* ro crv i -a iiii! Mill i sszz jss 5 j RifSjr* S3 i i i i i I I 1 1 I i -Miii I I 1 I I ~iiii iiii! M i M I i 1 141 i Mill i i i j i j Mill -iiii I M i i Mir I i i i ! i 1 Mill i SB III 1 1 i r** RI 1 1 i ISIS I mi I 1 MIN iiii! i H i i i ! i i l»»5 Sill! ■1*11 i Is 1 1* ! i i i M i i 1 i 1 i i -iiii! "Mil sn i r i i i iiii! r Hill iiii! i --!!!!! "iiii Til js~ ; : Mil! r £K?£S>Sf Z&XS'S s 1 1 1 s“£§s *8&ffR ~S3~ I zZZSX 3 U&5 iSR fiMS **5«£ *3s3i ss -Tl S' SMS IK? kn r^\ »*«*l SR ]S3 i jac 3 *IR*S rH* £i3~S -331“ it Mill Mil! i SS3»8*R «r«* i ri i SI !RVO I i®~B ! fcPfC1 1 S-J? MM! M ! M i g***l*» 3 Is i i si R l lR" 1 I55S5 \**"\ SS !n™Si S 8&s*rs* R®*1"** ™s» s * I ££ rssss; 3*23* Rj IBB &l*®5 *s§*3 *383® §S m$r*m - ST'"" *T* ~s— » TT vo°' -sr* « S&«* iS5> 5) 3&1 5!,CT'!?,S'0 Si ffiSSKS SSiSS- ss HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 119 i 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 I i l« i 1 1 1 ! 1 i i 1 liiiii i i i i i i as- r j ri i i i i 1 1 1 i •INI IS ““I | j w i i i liiiii iiiii i "iiiii "Mil I i i i ! i I i i i il Ksa i I i i I i i i i i i i i i ! i i i i iiiii ill!!! M i i IS »£“ B-t S3* liiiii iiiii i «« as ass ™ SRRK? i i i i i I rH i I ! i if s S s-a 1 i i i i i iiiii i S*aaaas "isi 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 I i I is S»l RS'S liiiii iiiii i rtrti i i i i iiiii 1 1 1 1 1 1 I i i i if *31 rsss SR® i i i i i i iiiii i s* i i i i i 2 i i i i liiiii IliliS |5 i m KSS H liiiii iiiii i 88 131 i i s i i i i 1 111. H iiiiii SSI m S S' SIS s liiiii iiiii i **1*1 i i aim 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 i i 1 II 22 " ~&a i i i liiiii iiiii i "'“'Iiiii iiiii I!!!!! i i ii if tta **2 i i i liiiii iiiii i """IIIII Iiiii ***32$ S83 R jR £2$33* s S3«5& a Bjpffl&B ill ft *!■»*» i |*I3§ 3&3 Iff RR S 3 IS sffBI* s 3 RSS33S5 iaifi s**n* ^RS'RR'& §*!• 3&* HH mass S9*S& R <\TS R$®R3> s^«« — i iff a m 3°' SS* «hV NHH t ISSSS ro R°il£ a ssassas *§2H *** i i. i iSSS t S3S 3SS WHH liiiii iiiii i *&*«i» HH i™£ si i i i i 1* i PI 3S& 323 NH s&s liiiii iiiii i £S**a|* 1* 1® i p**3S£ a gy 331 ,H S S$S £«S** a r» i-T SR* SRS 8«® o^-» ^r- IX a *&««* °'rs~ 3i & 3 "ir* ~ ! I 1 2 i ! i ii ! i ! « iiJRS 5 |-£ 'll lg £ a i m i i Is ! i ! ! ! i lllii 1 i ! i i ri 1 s ! i ! ! i i !» "Tl i iiiii -iiiii i i i ii -iii ! § i i i i i ! I* S “ i — i « i i i~ — iiiii r "11 -iii ! 03 i i i i i i is .H* SSsgs s “'1 i5 i : szz s * i i i i i i if ri S$«*8 » 5«»9 £J3S 5=55^ ~i fi is 8R3 ; a s 1 ill 1 i il W|*1 i s- ""iiiii ! — i i i iii! i co S i i S i i 1* 3*i*i i 188 SSI i i i- i" '“i i Ki i i i a i i i i i i IS Ssif* i £5a?s p.* l-iiiis i i "II i i i i 3 = i i i ; i i if uC SSifs i S3*S5 (VJ «H S' 3™S -* £S3a3a» »H *H 3 ?isai* Jaj?£§Ss r "JM 1*83 £ - S3 R« » “°°f§ VoV ~*rH* a 11*3388 RR ®i° 3381 5 - gf-g**.* **■ I "ff 1 cr> M ^i— sf 3a«3S 2 SESSSiSS 32 S-“ atn- Si HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 121 i i 1 i i i i i i i i i i P ! i ! i ! i i i i i i i i i ? Nil i i i P ~-rs i i i i i i j ! i i i : i •: i i i 13 SS is i i i i i i i i i i ■: i i i i i i i is j- ££ ! i • s i i i i i i i i i i 13 w 23-3® RR ! iiiiii iii:: i i 1* RR i R I i i i i i s s i s i i i i i i i i is5 asisi i i i i iiiiii i i i i i i i Ifi SHIS (vTw i S8S Srt* iiiiii Mill i i if in 33583 *i$i 1 §§i£i 8138819 ®« i \t SSSS Mi 1 I I Mill i iss* Is i 33 si *as 1*11 1 3K ISSi i 3®**3 SS-S rH* sg*. ; $$ 1 am i** s i$*s gov *-< 5S"li *£S5SJ 1 S» il £SIS s®°isS OJ SSSSR S? JSSSS M3 K5X sisis OJ* r-" rt* S2£l» 1 1 11*1 1 m i is S5IE Sl«ISI Hill I || 1 1 Mi 2i£®i I MM | | | |«ss 1 1 MS * *l*lal HIM I gju** 3i«*i i ri i ISIS*'1! ir~ &sss«s B£&£8 i SSf !»3 1 LOKN £»?» 1 §§$£! * ISs8*S ®«! IS fHI $£3I*I 1*11* {? S»££3»S FiSSS CM* .* 3 i*»;i® 3ir'a; s-ang **"* SIXSRSS' 3R8B!i - r j BO VO ftj ,* ~T *3 8'-“'“' sp”g 53 ru £ 11*1 i r~i 3 «»a| * ! I sssj ! "a 8“ S 3Ss>3 <«• * ® | aSS^ I SI.|Sli 3 3 1* i 5 ®lil 58 SK'S'0 1 | rSJ>s| 4 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1935-36— Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1934-36 ^ in ssii -*1 i ! i IfS " Mi s§~ ns -r-r *gft R i " «,*«* ftftll Tr iii || I* “SR iii iii- ^ ns if 58 h S®ii *8® iii Hii 3S3 iii S3 i i ftH S i ! vo*^ -r« H i i Hr ft i i ONN HfO ro B1* 555 I- i?is w m iii i si* siR ^•kn* -r-r ^ Eg is pH | II Eli“ £*S *52 5S58 HI 5*3 as* » 3ft r ft|3 SRR |gg* 5gB r* HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 125 i i i ! i i ! i ! i i i 1" IT "■"1 i i i I"'! iii i i r « cm iiiiii ! Hi Mill! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i \ i i i i 1 i IMS «. V£ iiiiii i 1 1-1 1 II II 1 i i i **T Si i r\ i i r i i i 11*1 i i i i i IS a a iiiiii S 8*8 i ! i i S i iii ~ i r i i MIS S 1 a iiiiii ! i i g^KSS'-K is *i£i — ; MIS S 8 rH* rH* .jsaSSWr S' iii iiiiii iii iiiiii! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i it 3 3 iiiii! i iii ! i ! i ! ! iii ^ i i i i i .nil i i i I i •iii i i i i i IS ,-4 a a iiiiii i i m m i i i iiiiii «l 181 1 i 1*1 i sr IMS 3 3 rT in SSSSSS » iiiiii i i i 3S.II Ml »SI5I i i i i 1 ra* SB i i i IS a S § 0> DO S83S3S rt* iiiiii:!! i i i — i i i i i i ! i i i i i i i i i n i i i i i IS ir\ u> a a iiiiii i i i i i i i i i i iii asn i i mi r i s i i isi i i i i i il - 3 3 iiiiii i i i rH* ssssasa i-ms 33SS8 i~°i iii £S~£ » % iiiiii ! ■ I9&3SS8S SS* rH* SSSSSSS IS*«S SSIIS SHi i i i 5 3 B tn k>* iiiii: i SssSssiSS rH* S3®&w?S IR&l® .SIS i i s*SI Hi S ?• ?39*»& R S&S&SS3S8 i£3 33&3S3 if SIS ISfill §~si CM* 3S* £ s 3 s 3 SS3I&SS a SBS»I INI i |» £BRI i*i «*rH* i 1*3 i i iS3i i iii *-IE s s S3SSSS 3 i i i i i i r i 1® i is— i iiiii i iii -i "" if s 8 CM* CM* gRttss'a S' *Mt35#»3R iBSSHs SiH° SSrIsS i~r Sfc* .ss*s s S S »* in sSSSSS CM* S ggrigSHH S3- «33S533 M>\*>* SgHa Hi la cm* s~s* rH* S3 i as^e sf 3 8 a - $338$ rH* SSSiR—S— r*r m -“a f 3 5«R5V3« a CTvtO^O I3!3 rr «| B S a iiffil iii ii lli! 11 i sf,3 IJ! 126 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Total honor¬ ary h Total doc¬ tor’s Total mas¬ ter’s and ad¬ vanced engi¬ neering © Baccalaureate and first professional Wom¬ en © i Men J 1 Professional Schools S 3 TJ Wom¬ en k Men k bfl Z ~z D ; Wom¬ en 1 1 1 Irt | Men r Ahts and Sciences Graduate Wom¬ en h Men i k “ 3 fl8 S’ Worn- |= Men © g s 2 «2.1 ssgi g III' IS I L ! i ssl ! Ill I 1 I I I ■—if i r ii 1“ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ml i i 1 i 1 1 S S 1 ill!! I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 P 1 1 1 1 1 1 ill i i w“ i i 1 1 i i i 1 r "Mil Mill IS ~~P |ff i 1 1 ! I H-i-3 nS j " w ~i— i I igw I if J£2SS5 gSfc I i jpS*,n*l i I j5r5S 5 IR^S KRS3 j in is i ! ill!!!! i i I I I mi! I I I I I Ift ^rn T i i ^ 1 i 111 Mil! I i i I I 1 1 r\ lit — Pi 1 *r i i r-n h I i I I I 1 1 f*l 1 1 r i as? ~2PP i i 55 1* i i i i I I I I 1° I™ I I I 133 IK tKIKIR OJ--T .H 1 i 2S- i i 1 1 i r 1 1 1 1 1 Mil! IS |- |s 1 1 1 i i Rjcv1” p ; | ill!" i i \r Hill IS sal"!® in SR*«SSfc Hi£~ t\ ar I 1 5 i I 1? S9M8e m m** 1 1 i m* SiSit RKU* SHS If cvT in 3S si£»i $33* I ii £*ft K\ H 5& SIS*! kkkss IS K? Sfc&SjKft m II Hi I IS i !°i I I 1 1 1*1 1 1 1 1 1 IS ffftftftlft rJ &8£ 1 i — I i N i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 pi pm If CM HISS ft IH&VD ; ir | as l*V f-T ®S «SB«SU i \\m SMS3 15 ‘2 K3SKIS H *£''"58553°' S j mr H* Iiiii 1 III ii! iiiii 88 18 iiiii i i i i i • i nn* 55 is iiiii i i ! 1 i i i mis sa*.s gfcRKK S' i i i Iiiii ga j Rj? R as i ^ ! 1 i in r SC 1C inn i in i i i m i* 8f 18 iiiii i i ! ! i i i 1 1 1 it if: §iS£*S f £*§ i 1 i 11113 cu «.* pns& s a is i i ! Hi i* iRR |K iiiii ! ii! i i i (Hi* 55i3 iiiii i m i i i *»a*S *1111 1 *1 i * -*a*j gi^s si i i i i an s** kC rt* *a®*g *sss »a*s? s £Sj? as* * ~ «,* BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 SS-l- S _ a ^ a I £.1 1 §g = £ l-iSsSj1? ! h* a ss ,8 is lli^s *8 p 5**8' 9**8* 88*5* |5*g* 5**8' 5**8* 31 jrt r Mi i i P" ii r\ ! i P" i ! i ! i i i i i i i 2 ii i i i i i ii ri i Pi i i iii 58I*HII ii i 1* i i i i i ii 191 i igi i i i i i rk*- r» 5i "i" i i~ i £2 !S i iii KK**^» * i s? t !°“ IF SRaSR i i i i ™i ! r i i i i s" i i i i i ii i i i iiiii i i i i "i»ri i i ! 1* ! ! i i ! i i i i i Mill i i i ! s»i~ !-! rtrn" s i » °! i i 1 io 151 ri i if i i 3 i i i g 158* i i* 8*5 5 5 i i i 18 SSi i 1511 rt* a i i i 5511 ill “ i i i i i i i i i ii iiT i iS i i i i i i 5511111 "1 i i ! i I i i ! i i \r i 1511 i i ! i 55811 i“ 51 i i i i i*§£ i i m 85»I5 i 8*8 85£l i i» 3V 81 i i i ! i 19* Si 159 Sff°5 i 5*1 §§51 1** 51 I RR & isSs S?a i5“ 595*1 {? 8*9 a ssSffss «TvO f i is5 !rsr 3~ i 19 51 iH R 3*s §5* i i i i c\T i i i i i i i 1*1 i i if° i 151 i s 3i 9*1 38R i i i 1 ; i i i i i i Pi r 18* i if i i i s*i 588* ls“ hTir> 5 i eo *K8B r 155 59915 5*8 ri 55858*8 S3 9* 8*5 5 Sias ss 855 oT 89555 <\J * 5*! 55*1 1*5 si ™\ i rH-i 15* 3) °*S'“ vo 9"* SF°-g rtrf JQS 3) ■a S'-*!? 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S i a, -d- if ft *» i Hi i r\ is SR| IS 3SSSI r-« "SHS S a » 1 S ft ft *!• ,;a & -ilfs i ft ®ft SSSIS ftft 5**31 i i a- | i i S 1 S’ ft ft i i®i i i ri* 5) p IT** K'“ |a~ £ a 5i 3rt>SR~ftf ft ft a. s ftSJ, - STS- ft.SftS1'- sal “Sf i § 5i at?--* sag -S1 ft ftR 141 TABLE 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1935-36-Continued 142 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 i ! ! S3"' ^ ; 3 "ii i i "1 — rtl 1 ! ! ■"1 i I” i i 1 i aa : i i~ i : i i i i s) iiiiii! iii ii 2 S ! rs sa» ! a i 3- &**l I i i ftll i ~ & 3 ft S f u\ "ss ,-T sis s i i aa 3 ssa&sas i I S 3 £ 4 W *5*- gas g $ 1' |i £t£is"s 33 t P &» 3 S Kr © i ^ ■ ip .£s^ & - 3£ saws-'* a ass ; a 3 8k ?S Rt« ss •3k \R SLS'&3'°S3 -,00V HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 1*3 r Mi: IUMP r* i i i M ££ | M M~ ! i i i i i i i i i — i 1* i i i i S i M M i M i i i i i mu MM M M Mill Mi! 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Mi 22— | i j r-J i i i M i 1* i i M M i iii!!! i ~r ! i ! i iii i i i i i i i i i i M ii M* "iiri i i i ! i i s iiii i I ! i i i i a*"'*'* i i i i i 1 1 1 MIS »“i i i&i Mill! ! iiii S£R2 i i i 3355—32 55" i Mil 1 IS §»£3H i jjj SRSttS R gg*S - ^rsB£ *|*»*SS 3*sr*a 3 ir* i i g/'nKuroo" for’ 1933-3^ 1/ H.gro. 4/°Not recced to^fulMlL ball*. 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Q Z < Z o g U| I Z o w 55 ■c z r" 1111s cn r SKIS' i i S 1$ ! f 1**3* £3,3 KK IKK **$ i i M 13 i s «!**** £ PS *1 2! | i : i iii!5 § § iiiiii ! i i i i i ~™ I S i ! i i i i i i i ! i 1 i S P a a 1 i It i i Mill i | ! -*! ii T ! i i M 1 It ■5 a a «T t 8 *'II*M HIM i S3 t\T i\T 188 «SIBR 8 5 81 IS! i Mill i as*8 ik3 “I *11 iSs1 38* ■* K% R k * ~ s I iaaa M §8888 3 li¬ 188 KS *8* m “i“i| 5 ! li iH3 1 sps *S8. is. m* 3I*«| £ r m fu 5MSR3 *8388 R S™ 1 If i Pi | 5 811*88 &PSSK £ Sr 1* MR "i i : i sra JP8«R k s 8 1^3888 83888 S' S§6* 188 *R *$i tSI«R \A h a a - asg&i aaasa 8 HISS in in *86 tvT »i 8 |* “'S'® cts 3 5 §***«? asaas S' !R2 *^3* 1*1 222 s-r® a § HRSrRrfK.8 s'ascaR R a?®8 "18 3- VX> lT>tO HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 151 "'ll " ! ! ! i i !~ i i i 1 Mi i i MS i i ! i \*~ ! i i IS 2 1 Rj- i i i IS 3 Ml ! i ji! to i i i ir i i i is <7\ i S i i r i i ! if * i i ! i is i i i if I i \* iS~ ! i i IS f I i ! i i i i i 115 VO !!! Mi i i i IS 8 S*l Si 1 S' ! *IR 2RR H i ss i*& vO LTl -1 “3 on R vO IS* HI £S *** S? ON irv i ! i IS8 s; 3 if 5 Mi i r i i i IS • <\l 2-i Rif -2 ®it 2* 2 S3- *&■ i*s «n s *11 •1* "i "it s srs *J3°' K7R 10 1,463 f i| Part 1.— Publicly controlled prof: 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 £ I d SSjj; J Sjcul 3»n j j3»3 3!»®j &!»*« I«S3| si' & ! S i.«c,i; ste Sl I'l' 1 ll gSisi >KSl >1 S5l*i ■PH spa a i1 ss p I'S, & si 5 "iiSi *li*l i i !* i * i i i i sl is! a i iJi i i i i i ®iiii 1— ! I ii i i i an*l !!!*! *1115 § i !§ i Si!*l i i i i i si i ii i**ai if if 5 i!t!! Siil! i i i ! ! i i i i : i i®i ! !“ i i ! i i “!i ®i!ii SIP! 1 iiiii "ii®! iiiii iiiii i is i i sRi§i ii *! i BIS i! isi£i I I tv ill!! is: ! i *1!*! 5!13J iiiii i i i I i iRi i 1 ISiii SiSi! iiiii *iisi SiiSi *j ai *! i &II * i i i i Iiiii si^s Ills! • if 5li*i i i i3 i 8iiSi ®i*!i «!!«« -i Ri i 3 i lR i 1*1*1 _! if j 151*5 $iisi 11151 Si »*! Si 3 i i 3! IBS *i til si IS! \&\t\ s . . ~ . if j |3s! isiia 1**1 i * r\\ Ri i3s i§!!8 ii & \vt »iiii ISS^S l! if i 2 2 i 51 2 iSf ift 1*511 ©i^ii Si iM r? !*! !3 ii 3 !S Iiiii *i i5! 1 if ; 3* gsags \~m “i*®i Si 158 R5i|K as s:s s 1 a- jS I l¥ i 18*5* 1,410 307 619 588 66 asi 53 j *1*51 siiH 3s m 33 Sis Si® iS SSSil G if N P5S3* ami isS^ i *1*81 3 IS i ! iiS«3 i* & i i i i iaH- 0 1 Yb ; smss si ! i 1 oT l*8Si 51**1 £i£ii i iISS 15 ££* 3! i i ! 1*155 cfcff $ if - iiiii 3 i i i i i i 1 i i i i i 5 i Ri°ii a i ! i ! *i ii; B i i ! S i-i^i j !; i iiiii Siiii iiiii iiiii 313! i Si ili Si ili Siiii i^iai 1 A S“ ' !S;8K s!i*i 111*1 “ii"! Si®!i licsp ii *11 iiiii i & ; ss P u Yb !fil3 r Si !3! iliSi 51151 3 il i i CVJ SI«M i i 51 i iiiii 15155 O £ 1 i CO *o if , ^ii- S*ii8 n*i «i** ; a i s- !®i i® i i *1* *! i i i £} s ** if ; si i»s Hi IS d ... . i*5SI 51*51 a ilia IB! i® i i 815 Iiiii 51 155 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 153 ■m “O i « at !iiiI i 'i'i1 “R ! IS &g .^,0 . . -'mm iiiifc s g£K&g ififi 1"! iii!i 3 1 iBi s i s s s i i i i i i-i2i ii l*i iiiia »iiiR »i r* *iir i i i !® SiiSj * S i i S i i i i i iSi-i iiisi ii*if siiis IS i*“ fiii3 i i i if ! ! ! i 1 ■* 5 i i i ! i ! i i iiiii iiisi iiiii “Mil iiiii "III* i i i i i i2! i 1 Iiiii iiiii iiiii !li»i iiiii lama i s 1* s * i i IS ; i i ss Mill siiii iiiSi iiiii iiisi i-iis i 1*!* !i 1*1 iiiii i i ■: ip 28 ! ! i fiiii iiiii ipli* i i Hi is i ii i ilia i i if i i i K i s i S i 5r »Sis; 3 i i S S iiiii i-iis 111*1 i^i- 1* ii* *!ll* i i~i3 iiiii sai®i ~ ! i S i iiiii ifii* IIIK1 issis iSilf si i is i i^is ii ils jftj j = &S2 | J iiiii i i*~ i III®! i-i^i s* i i i 8sr® i i R i 2 IS 1 if iiiii i if§ i iiisi 15*51 3*13* 85 i i i SMS* iiiii SS&jg “ 8v8 w8 “sifi 3*1** ii!»! s&sss - i IS* s^s IS ss ;-s r*!s *n\t UUt _T fsisi wm iiisi tun $\m m it SB 1*5 ass IS »$1®I Siiii i^ili *\\H mu *s\i* $ ! s ; ^ 'si $1513 si i i2!- i i s if «si*i 3**i i \m\ rH^ t\ m mu J«T 58S5S um 1 I8 13 i i i if i i i i 1 2i i i i iiiii iiiii i i i® i i i i i i iiiii iiiii ill Is iiiii iiiii e i i i i : i i i i i i i ! i iiisi iiiii iiiii iiiii iiii6 iiiii **l*l 3iii2 i i 13 i IS iiisi 1* **\ i8 i jSSS. i i i is 35ISI 2!SI* rS i » \% i 00 %'V -si if 55 IIS i l*SS i i i if 1*1 Sa jS i i i i i *lial urn i i i*i SiiS* *s R ; ; - i r* fi-ii Its IS s*-iS iiiii ii !$! iii^i i i m tiiSS S3£ii siisa Ri^ii rJ 15* BIENNIAL SOB VEX OP EDUCATION, I93U— 36 Sv i • m i S S i s i i m i wm &i i i® *1 ! P \*»\ ! !8*i i K | & 1S&3I3 SRi P ™«is i i Pi 1 i i§! *®i i i S° i i i I** i i !!S! ii1 s*? i l»» i il&5! 3 i i i 3 L Pi ! i i i i Pi i i i i i *S! iiPi *r ! i IS i n* V *(&$ SR«SI 8*E8i “PH si»$g iil! i i i 8i is: 3 i3 ; i »Sa suit ; & .1 i HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 155 i'V ill i? II! r-t 1 LT\ vs._ s msi * i i i i iiiii i i 1 IS, MIS s !ii|i * Mi 1 iiiii i i i I* !it !l! iii| i i i i iiiii i i 1*1 ^i i 2i : i i i r -i ! i ! i i ! 3 \$ ; i i i ! i i i isi S'0 8. j ft * i i 1 i i r * | j ®i ia I i I i mil iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii ■: i* i i i i2i i iii 1 S 1 S i ! iSSi! iiiii iiiii iiiii ii2 i 1 i 13 M Si! i iiiii iiiii iiiii i ! i i i iiiii :• i i ! i i i i i* i ia i S S i i ! *1 i S i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i i i i it i i i s I i i i S *1 Ml i i i i i i IIM i i i.3| I {* i i i 1 i i23 s s s i mi; £1111 iiiii iiiii i i i&i M5 i fi i i ia i s s i -*n i mr i^r iiiii 133ft! | %'S i i ia i ! i ! #1*1 i MU* is*i* iiiii 13551 j3U8 i iSS i i- i I i i i i i s i s ! s i i i i iiiii iiiii iii i i i i i i i i i t mu SSSSi iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i i iili i S i i iiits iiiii iim iiiii i i l»l r* i i r I s i i IMS! ! ! S S S iiiii iiiii i i ill i«fi i»i i i i» !3ft i i s s s i HIM iiiii iiiii i i I'*! i ift i i i ■Mil fts ! s s s i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iili iii i i ! iii! i i i i sms i lRi i iiiii iiiii iii; i i i» i i i i i i i i i ! ! • Ml! i iti i iiiii iiiii iiiii • is i i i iili i i 3 1 iiiii iiir i~i 11 i i i2i i I**! 1*3 j3 ! iii! i i» i iiiii 1 1! IS IS! i i ii iai i ift2! % 791 it iiii i l» i iii!; iiiii i i i i i iiiii iiiii i i i iii i i i i s m i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iii i i i i i i ! it end oT table' 156 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 157 §MH 1/2 20/165 sm i~ 1 iiiii jny. i ii iii!^ »!5S» «! i la ^ Sf Si § S Si isi ii|ii i iiSg i i mr !*! i i !*! i i 3 i i»r iiiii iiiii i i s ri n i i ii SiiS- 155 1 i !»i *i 8 i 1*1* iiiii iii i i i i i i*i 83 i-si i ii i i S i i iiiii :• i i i i i iiiii 1®! i i i i 5 r KN rs :■ i i i iiiii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii isi i i i i i i* 3 iiiii i i iiiii i i !!!!! S i !«i iii 5 i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii i i iiiii i i !*! iiiii i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii i i i 1 Pi i i \\\i\ i i iii iii i i S iiiii i i i i i iiiii i iiiii i i iiiii i i i i iSi ! i IS! i i i i i 5 iiiii iiiii iiiii i i iii: i i iiiii i i 1*1*1 i i 1*1 i i i i i i-i i i s i ! i i i i S i* i i j»l i i iiiii !* i&isi i i i£! i i i i i 3 iiiii 31 i i i i i i is 3 — i Pi i i iiiii !5 iiiii iiiii i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii ii iiiii i i S i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii S iiiii i i iiiii i i 11*1! i i !*! i i i i i » iiiii Mil* i i !3* CO iiiii i i iiiii ii iiiii i i iti i i i i i ! iiiii i i i i§ i i i§£ 3 iiiii i i iiiii i i i i i i i i i IS! i i i i i i i l*j i i i !*! i i i P i i i l*i i i i iii: ii iiiii !!!S! i i i i i i M3! i i i !3i i i i 1* i i i IS! i i iiiii ii ill*! i i 151 iii i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii i i iiiii i i iiifi! s i m i i i ii i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i i i ! iii: i i i iii~i \\\t\ i r i i 3 iiiii iiiii ! i PS i i i Pi i i iiiii i i SiiSi i i i|i i i*i i iiiii iiiii i i i§g i i i !°i i i iiiii i i iiiii i i il i iiiii i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii i i iiiii i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii i i iiiii i i 158 BIENNIAL SURVEX OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ill! i If i ! f M lira ISII1 Mi i !il! i^li! '$'5 i11!1 iiii! i : i i i 'Si |i ii 1*1 ! i «l iiii! : *1111 i !»* i i i i i i | SR'-R |3- j ; i*lr iiii! iiii-" i iiii! i l*R MM *1 \m l»*l 1 iSi^ i 1 i ! i M3I® i iiii1" ri i ri? i i iii! i ! i i i iiii; mu iiii! i !-■"! i 1*1 i 1*1* i i iii! ii i i i iiii! iii i i iiii! i iff i i i i i i MM i i MM •iiii iiii! iiii! iiii! ! i iMi i i i i iii! i ! i ii i ! i i i i iiii! i ! ! i i iiii! i i i 1*1 iii! ! |3| i i *i ii iiii i i®l it? I i i i* MMS i i i i i i S i i i i sss i i Bill iiii! ill IS iiiia iiiis i iiii: i i !S8! i i iii! Mil* i a i if iiii: 3*131 i 1*1 i i 8 M. ! i*Si i ! iiii i S i if if: i| i i i i i K3ISI i !3! i i ill! Iii! r iii: M M i ill if i i i i i Mill i iiii: Mil MM |S iii: iiii! 1*1 i i i i i i i iiii! i iiii! ! i i i i 1*1 i i *1 ii ! i i i i INI* i i if i 3 Mi*1 3 !®'l i i Mil ! Mi i ! iiii liiil isi l§ i i isi 31 i IR & if iii •Mi Mi! ii si i i i i i ii IRI 1* iimi M ii i i iiii: Mil *! \t i i Si ii cu* iiii! 131 i 8 o? iiii! iiii! i i i-i i MM i ~ i i i i iii! MM! i i i 1* i i ! i i MM* i mu MM i»i i i i i i ! i i i i i i ww iiii! MM§ i iiii! MM i i»i i i *!ll -iiii ill if iiii! -iiii i 1**1 : i i M i 131 i i “i ii Ii isi 131 if i M i i jiiii i ifsii MM iii! i i iiii iiii! iii i i iiii' i iiii! i iiii! I i M i i M ii iiii i i i i i iiii! •iiii iiii! i iiii: i lull h£/Uf> W 7 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS ! ii*!i i ^ !i|i* iii»i ig| iiii ! !iii! |i|ii i iiSli i C; ii^iS i!"si l|| ilii i iiii! cgil| |l|ii I “'!!!! ! ! ! ® ! * I 1 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !? ! ! ! *>.~ ! ■£ i i ‘"iiii i i Pli! iiiii 1*1 i Pi i -3133 iiiii lMJ* I* »*lii S i Ifil*! iiiii i i 1*1 i iiii! ■***15 ! i i i i i i i i iiiii sill* ill »l i i i iiii i Pi i i iiiii ii iiiii i i iiiii «l i IS i i i *i i i i iiiii iiii : iiii! Si iiii! i i iiiii iiiii P* i i i i i iiiii i iiii iiiii Si iiiii i i iiiii iiii! PS t\ i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii ii iiiii i i iiiii iiiii IS* *! i i i iiiii iiiii i i S i i SS iiiii i i iiiii iiii S m Ii i i 3 iiiii iiiii iiiii *1 i i is& i i *1111 i*i i i l« Ri 1* ! iiiii iiiii iiii i Si i i ill ! i Iiiii iiiii iS3 Ii IS 1 iiiii i i Pi iiiii Si iiiii ! i iiiii iiiii i i i iiii i iiiii Pi i i iiiii ii iiiii i i iiiii iiii S i i ! iiii 1 iiiii IS I i i iiiii *1 iiiii ! i iiiii iiiii I |R ! i i i ir\ iiiii ***M i *1 Pi £1 iiiii i i iiiii iiiii i P i i i ! t- iiiii m i i Si IS! i i iiiii i i iiiii iiiii i && iiii i iiiii Pi S i iiiii i i iiiii i ! ! iiii iiii! !** IS! i i iiiii ISS i i i i I ! i *1 iiiii ! i iiii! i ps ■ !** 8i i i S iiiii iiiii i i i ! i si iiiii ! ! iiiii iiaii ilS *! i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii *1 iiiii i ! N S ! i i iiiii l«* »i i S a iiiii ppi iiPi $1 iiiii i i Siiii iiiii ill *! i i iiii! ii.pi i i 'Pi ii iiii! i i iiiii iiiii i i i i i i i i iiii! i*l i i iiiii i i iiiii ! i iiii! iiiii i i i iiii ! iiii ! is! i i iiiii .60 BIENNIAL 3URVEX OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 & i i jI !lr all* nr nl: Iii* 111: ifll: |i !r III: I'l" iiiii i !®l i i i i 'I'S' 'S' i!iP , NJI 'S' l1!11 I! ^ i ^ !|gi i *i si i i IK 11 !S i i i£* « '3' i ! i ! i ! ia i i i i i i i i i i i iiiii i i i i i i i i 1* i • i i 5 I* i i r i ii 1*1 **i m i* i i i i i»i i Si i i i ^^i iS iii: *i* 3 i i ! i *1 11! i i i !* i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii*ii rs ! i i i Si i i i Si i i i i mg i i i i i i i i i i i 1 i i i i m i Hi i i i ! iiili i i i i i iiiii i i i i i iiiii i i i i i iiiii i2i i *l-i 1 T ! i i i i i i i iiiii i ! i i i iiiii i i i !« i 5 !3I iiii *! i SI* i i i i i i i i i is i i i S! | IBi i i i i i ii i i i»l SSS I *! i SiSi i i i i i i i i i»i i i an IXi i i i i i i i H i§! 2wS i Si i Si*l i &l i i i iiiii i i ri IS! i i i i i ! i i fii *1 i si? i ; t\ i i i iiiii i i \t\ iS i ! i i i i i i i i^s i c\7 Hi i *M 1 131 I i i i i i iiiii i i i i i iiiii i i i 18 i i i-i iiii i i i !ili! iiiii iiiii i i i i i i i i i£ i i i IS i i iff! iiii i i i assi i iiiii iiiii *! i i i i#!SI isi i i i i i * i *! 1* i i i « $§ i i iiiii iiiii Si i i i igili iSS i i i i is: i Si i* i i i fi*! i OJ* i i i iiiii i i i i i iij i i i i i i i S i l«i i-i i i i i Si*! i 3! i i i IS! i i i i i i i iiiii i i i i : i i ISi J*i i i i i «im iiiii iiiii i i i i i iii i i i i i i i iiiii l*i i iii t ! i s s iiiii iiiii i i i i i !&!•! i i i i i i iiiii f$l i i i i iiiii »i i i i iiiii i i i iJ?*i i is i m\ i*l i i i i S ! i i i Iiiii i i i i i Si iii i:|St i 1*1 IS i m\ ii 1 i i i i ! is i i iiiii iiii i i i i i i iii i i :• i i i i iiiii iiii ! i i i m i iiiii iiiii i i ! I i iiiii i i i i i iiiii iiii Vi i J iiili iflij HI Jli it? iiili t| mt mu in u fill! Ill i 1/11 ii l»i i i iiiii 3&I" gi:5 i | CO t lf\ o i i i i 'i'S i i i i l|i** * ^ i l*ii ~ai i : r; i l£!»3 i § &i i i i i i i ~ ; 2 *■- j iiiii isrs i«i i i \*\ 1* i 3i i 1* i i i :• in* i i i !* i s ; s e i i i i i i-isi 1*1 i * s *M iS i s s i i i-is i i i i i i i i ! i i * i i i i i i i i i i !*l i iiiii i iiiii i On 1 1 iiiii i i i i S i i ! i i i Si i i i iiiii i 1*1 i *M 11 i iiiii i s ; ; MM ! i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii s iiiii i i i i iiiii i i i i S i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii Iiiii ! iiiii i i s i !&il i i i ! i i i i ! i i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii *1 i i i i iiiii 'i i i :• iiiii »gj i : & iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii $ i i i i i i i i i i i ii? iiiii 3£i i i 2 iiiii ii»-i »l i i i i i~i i * i i i i pj ! i i i i i iiiii i i i i i $ iiiii i is£i S i i i S i i®l i 8i*i i i 151 i i 13* iiiii i i i i i i iiiii i i i i i. Mil i iiiii i i i i i i iiiii 5 iii •spi i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i iiiii i i i i l*iBl i i i ii i i i i S3 i S i i* iiiii i i^i® i i i i i i iiiii o i i i *SI«I i 1* i i i i S i 1$ i i i I* i i i i i i i*il iiiii i i'i i i i sj i i i msi iii Si i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i i*l*i i i i i 1* i i S i 1*1 i i i i i S i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii isiSi i i 1 MS i i i i isi i i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii *iiii i iiiii i *i i iiiii i i i Si i iiiii iiiii i i i : i iiiii S i i i i i iiiii i si I iiiii i i i ii i iiiii lill» iiiii i i i i i 3 i i i i i iiiii i i i i i i i*i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii Iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i ! i i iii i i Iftl i i i i i i iiiii i i i i i iiiii iiiii i i i i i i iiiii i i i i iiiii i i i ii i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii ! iiiii i iii iiiii i i i vately controlled profess 162 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS II ii i i ilii ! i i i i i > IH> il ii 5 1 W i i i i i i 3 > lv SS5I ii t-KN 2 a ; i s j i a i *1 i i S'0 i iiii" "iii ii S3 *1*11 *i£i i i S i ! £ ! 3«i i 1* i *1 i 1* Si ii i i s i s i i ! i i i iiiii i i i i i i i iiiii iiii 1 CO i i iiiii i i i i i i iiiii i i i i i i i i i i i i iiii SS i* i i i i ! i i i i i i iiiii i i i i i i i iiiii iiii i £ 1® isiii i i i i i i i l*i i i i i Pi } iiiii iiii 1* i^i i i i i ! i i i iiiii i i i i i i i i l«l i iiii il is 53! i i i i i ! i i iiiii ii i i i i i i IBM iiii 31 i" i ~ i i ^ a*; j i i IIII® 1 |s »l i i i ^11 iiii SI i* isi i* H\ I i i i i 1 1* i 1® 3! i i i is! i iiii ii i i iiiii i i i i i i i i2i i iii i i i i iiiii i 1 i i ii ii iiiii i i i i i i i Is i i iii i S i i ! iiii iiii ii i® III*! 8i i i 5 5? iiii i iii i i i i i 1*1 i iiii ii 5S I i i3i 3i i i i 'f iiii i iii ®i i i i is i i iiii ii i i iiiii i i i i i i i 1*1 i i i i i i i i iiiii iiii ii ii iiiii iiii i i iiiii i i i i i i i iiii i iiii r ii l®i i i i i i2 i i iiiii iii i 5 i 1 i 1*1 i iiii i~ i i i2i i i i i I* i i iiiii i i i i i i i i 131 i iiii is i i iiiii i2i i i i i i2i i i i i i i i i i Pi i iiii ii i i iiiii is i i i i i m s iii S i i i i 13! i iiii ii ii iiiii iiii i i • pi i i i i i i ! 5 ! ! i i i iiii ii i i i i i i i iiii i i i Pi i i i i i i i i iiii i iii! 164 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931*— 36 rA-i lA 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY CF EDUCATION, 193^36 i ISIS IBS ii S.SS *is § § § 2 :Si Ml « « | ! i | i | 3882E8B sesss gilsls S333S 3 3 Assisi *§§§« sslili - Il'sgass a'-ass as'^aj 3 2 HS is? 3 3 ass' s'"'s' I 3 3?s'3S3 S' % s'2'3 3*'* n « s 3 I 313 §s rf I 1 Ff s § see 5 S ^ 1 i §§! §8| « § 4 Hi t it § 8 S “ 3 S S 3 § 33S ssi i i iss a*s' 3 I Sis i i S 3 3 3 3‘ : I § i i S S i i a a I » 8 S§5 v g 3 Hi S-- HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 167 SUMS i slisiss § 88 - -S " Sill si 13 !3 si SS8» Si i i i i i i i i i i §S8 SSI! i ! I ellisii I §8838 gSS * §8N588S " SS S H.53 3H88S 88 8 l|il S**”” «» I iiili ii a 3 " gSSSsg idi isiils I II 333E3 I Isis Slip’s 333 S”^'* R‘ I3‘*”3* a 8'S3s‘ im i§g|is is SIS! SS3S3E KS a a" a- w pill! ™« 8SSSS 33JM IS 38 i g?g ” a a ilsssi ss i sssi i i si- a a 00 " a#° i 8fijKS8! i § §iiS i i i i i i i i i i i i I ;§£§ liSlii j« iitfa ss“§ i i i i i i i i §as8 Si i i i i ilia! 8 Pt ill i is IMS lo’V to Si i! ! i ill a.i i i i| I mSSSS I Sail - 3§-s g- -• "--s HP si i i -ilia! 8 s' i * * s' as-lil *l!Sa g^SS " 38S?3 mn «« My IP *S*S SS? SSS i Mi! (I I i Mil Isai S3SSS3 SS |Sl 83E58S SI liiisl slili S a‘2' « 3 mi IS III 8 iiiiii i iiiiiii i : : i T 888 i isg iiiiii Mill 8 iiiiii iii .*.* « i sass i II § s*-'a as - nil 22B« iiiiii i : iiiiii i i i i i 168 biennial survey op EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 169 i i \n 8^ 73,776 6,509 is as § 29,109 38,941 U\ i i i i is 8 93,228 91,745 716 1,975 87,276 1,779 417 1,066 i i : 210,537 207,778 67,789 352,662 122,251 317,602 11,493 296,475 327,489 IIIIS ISissi! X s' *'«"»'*' 189,473 35,694 6,000 10,521 77,244 si* 8 i «r i§ I83S S' S S'3'S 120,862 3,796 83,110 33,976 8.8 ! 254,601 186,652 7,406 13,450 10,760 mi sggss 39,742 34,373 236,462 128,103 3,358,154 315,340 291,480 99,585 1,707,661 163,523 354,923 68,811 99,302 10,960 19,269 61,201 79,476 15,904 32,876,051 SS3S3S shi*'* to CVJ rH 863,554 227,300 491,532 144,722 28,290 20,607 1,017,350 929,910 204,278 14,708 19,221 100,364 93, 119 3,345 15,399 44 6,373 ’448 35,484 6,391 2,599 14,495 128,103 13,788 3,827 . 4! 870 20,976 ssaisi 78 L, 840, 023 61,289 61,279 17,373 3,230 500 40,176 si :s i i i mm i i i i i iiii: 404,897 i i ISi 8 37,393 3,241 34,152 2,309,845 ] 150,874 150,874 83,434 6,098 61,342 ill! i i i i i i i i i i 44,000 62,364 46,767 13,951 300 15,309 80,295 6,894 21,550 9,311 108,434 233,599 35,577 128,993 4,393 33,957 9,363 vw 9,782 2,273,360 7,017 7,017 7,017 iiii i i i 211,284 173,618 25,417 200 6,540 47,560 65,177 i ! i i ! mu i i i i i i | i i i >,701,072 si i i i i Mil 4,474 4,474 i i i i i i i i ! i i i Jill! 1 i Mi iiii: i i i i i i 10,627,985 i 2,119,466 1,637,895 241,782 391,599 53,546 481,571 58,603 305,229 117,739 iii i i i i i i i iiii; S i 1 i i i i i i i Mill i i i i i i 1 502,761 346,436 9,100 337,336 r i ! i 1-111111 813 76,051 55,859 18,496 1,000 6,717 157,777 5,152 24,329 24,634 1,246,948 133,924 39,712 12,791 60,500 60,500 Sit 1 88121 i aa s iiii i i i 131,441 130,896 67,323 10,432 2,413 36,225 6,500 231,078 193,793 1,159 79,403 24,200 236,277 58,218 35,593 88,899 1,458,922 142,012 158,621 90,322 1,592,913 126,743 ill 288 ”8 oT 1,010,970 761,506 68,159 154,034 4,071 535,242 225,648 12,372 186,303 26,973 23,816 16,133 624,526 579,167 110,285 14,508 1,101 13,530 24,827 77228 0—38 - 12 170 SEIMS IH » H'"l SIS I'S 51 INSTITUTION 171 ssi ligi iis sis |gs?S SS nC3 m mwx «* 55S ipiSll SSS !!!!!! 1 gams 8*» *i illlSs 10 33*81 iliii i ! i ss sa 3 §8*01 ISSSSSs 2 82531 33*83*3 s • ? slsss £lsiiis § IF! «*«« * IS I ss •5 SS! llsllls si3”"?' 401,121 2,289 2,002 484 1,518 581,360 47,318 47,318 1,472 3,834 42,012 417,056 416,830 1,101 325,356 73,416 15,853 1,104 Sii 666,063 666,083 2,373 239,780 3,941 S il 8 i i i i il 1 35,242 35,242 4,601 30,641 SSI! Mi i hh*h S : i *383138 Uh r 125,100 7,371 35,000 35,000 754,747 88115 isssiss i 000 * SSS*?** m a a i i i i i i i i i i mmis 5 19,340 19,340 2,700 10,540 6,100 27,400 25,000 25,000 Sii S i i S S S S SSS m sssssss s 146,674 146,674 811,930 811,930 126,056 685,874 i s s ! i i ! i 3 i |||5i sssssss s i Si 252.692 247.692 42,855 118,739 671 52,709 31,718 SIS 5,000 5,000 252,692 sms 33 ss «SH*I 1 ss ss 24,178 14, 117 10,061 113111? sssr'ss 58,846 99,202 76,443 iiiiii ssssgg imt 82**5 653,161 616,241 13,284 123,963 199,544 58,061 181,917 40,872 I 13 Si 5 II -s Si ! si I i s 3 §§ *2 838! MS III as® 3 13ISS35 n% I88W 8 s‘°‘5* fgSielHi 3Si Hs™sl 3*3' n« slliili 525 ssH Hwa * " 22! iisi sis go - ® 38M8M ill a £3§iai3 SSS 3"3‘* " 5 212 sssW* *« is: !2!3 S i I 11 * 8 • seliiis Sii SSS s 23 Issii Lis I slrs‘ I ®« 172 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ill S i i i i i 8 MSI 38SII3S 8 SJg 8*8* Ills 88^383 8338 8|3 "SS sSliil §383 8 P.s.21.1 IIP. P.P.P.I 3SS888 3385 SS3S3£2f i iaai !$ggg si sisi is I ™ " a a PJJI si 151 PJ I! SI pj.pl tt S3 00 8 w 883 33SSS 8 833883 N| piss m\\ \VM 3388§ 88888 58SSS 5T" Pis i| O W H P. ««« n S® 883883 38 S$S§ 3*1 isi° * S3 3 H SIS I i 8 3§i8lS S» 81*1 iliiisl "iils I8S3S 88838 i go » S *V9- ° » 3 3iiii ii|ii 1 3 i 1 1 i MSI ss is i 3 3 iissi 8ISSS iHsil li S335IS §S 01 51 8 “3 " 8 3 8* 3 ^8 8* 8 3* 3* 3 8® “8 ^*5* liiiii is 3 * 3 3 8S8| li 8838 * liiiii I i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i S i i S i i i i i i ii SI 1 181 IS * * i liiiii is " " s sisiii s“*a‘*«* IPJ!P. Pill Wit! i||l| sgs js -"■'ag s”ss -asg lilt IP. Ill 1 1 Will 11*11 SS8nS3S 8 £ 3 g> 3883 8®888 li S 11‘IIS §| is iilsSi I! a* saa-Va -s ! lilt jjji I 173 S all I sis ssill ii ilS “ 2 « s aB- 8 ss ? ini a*. laa yia 3 sls“ e"“ —*as " "I 1 «« |« l«?A IP.II a ISIS sssss ss-sg i sus ns siasi iiii* * SSS® "" “ i iiii iii ggigi ysn S* 2 S 2 2 g iiiiii! ssssi S3sf3 8 2&S”S 3N*S8 S 888! i i i i i i i i i i i is iii s l ssss sis i i i i i i i i IS i iass i“‘s s a iii ! !!! Mill i!!!i s' iii s 1 *"§i in aaii! iiiii SSS'i S'2S s'sa s I Ills 5§S ills; “Isis g asss o>n,D sssss ss^ss 8 8 s iiiii 5! iiiiii iii S3 S 8 8 sisssi si si iS ! ! iii g S' gj 3 38 S <3 ® 8 i sSSs^s 3* SS§il§ isl s i ISSH* 38 6SS5=3 «S5 s • N 8 s Iiiiii ii Siaiii iii s s ^ I 2 iiiiii si sisii: ii ! s i " " 3 § iiiiii i i iiiiii i i : I § 8 i ssi i is i i 8328!S 383 3 38 N iUi 3 s'a*s* 5 3 -8 1888-1 ii iiiiii iii i i 5 Hi ii 8 8 iiiiii ii £isiii iii Hs “ a * 3 a 3 iiiiii II iiiiii iii 8 S S i sis§§g ii silsis iii 5 | a sss ss s ssr • Iiiii is ii «i >!!! 11 8511813 3 2 saisiiS ii " 38I33M !! " a him. SI " ss HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 175 33 siiisi P ' ‘ s! i i s i ! ! sis i~ i ‘ ^ -‘s‘§ 58 a'3 (38 HI I ESS IS I I i 1« 858 88 31113! 35 a "** 883258 I85SI Hiss a*s" **“ it'ii - N ss *“> K • - sag SH. 8.(3! ||p 3.2583 iii§s 33328 SSI m sss ss sags a-sa^s - r-- •'ssgs |sn srts ii 8SB8S2 mm * im 33582 m mim nm §§§ia mn m 552 S3 8***8“* SsV8*s' s‘*‘3a“5 8§a8( pi 3535133 --s' a‘aa5*‘ *§8‘B“a“ ijd *** 385 l|ppl isisi Iiiii -as Si 5.8 i ^3” P 512151 ““ 5 5 ?« ? I 5 831283 SPP S3 * s Ha ssiiii Mill "8“ as 2*2 ssa — — s a a s% S53S i i i iiiii iiiii siiis ii i 32! ss » " a si I isisi £ S P K-i«' !<«| p| g' ||Hf|| ffig >'5g >'5'! p H iiiii! i i i i i i i i i i 5 2SS 8 *" U$ 28! i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i i S 8 • « * i i i i i i iiiii Hi!3 *58 si is iM ss § i i i§ SS w‘ N" iiiii Iiiii 8“ 88“ S3 Pi ip H|83 5(188 sg «- ass gg sa Hi i U T i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i S 5813238 38325 18 32” s S‘N' iss Hi i §g 125 S3 WJ? 8 S^S 176 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 177 isia! “lisil s ila i i ! I i ! i i ! is IsissIS ” - " s'"' « i-' J SS 2” Pi m\A sip. mm p.p. grr ssss rns' sssls 83333 alls 3§§SS§ sslie 8§8|Sj SSSSS S8BB SSS23S SS3S§ 3* sj ii| giiis. i p| |ii§|| s.is|| iiiii sisii iSiS 3(1111 I s i i I °* S S S s§ii° ms siiisi 3sm aV"ss sBsr ss0*-0 s s " s 10 cj ss3“s iiiii iiiii iiiii s ssssil 383 2ISS3S sVs IliilS ill I iiiii 813 Pt!SSi §§3si3 gg| §§s‘i 8 M Iiiii! i i i i 3 SlSSSS'llgl SSSSS" ss^s Iiiii i iiii •iiiii iiii 331818 iii iiiii! iiii gg g saiili iii Isssss iiii IS i %***** s- §888888 S3-SSS- SSSIsS? iW1' PJP.P4 SS1™ - 3|l i i is sllilsS gSSSRBS i i i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiii iii iii iiiii | ssilii §11 si i i i i Iii! i i i i i i i iiii i iii » * * «?« iiiii iiiii iiiii Hiss 3“ S- “3 89 iiii •iiiii iiiii I 724,738 724,738 361,139 49,938 113,661 iii *831 El 1338 i i 133. Hills Hi ** s 3* 1 3S 3 s 33 5*53 888818 38318 §88813 383 S n» §gsssj? sss iii iii iiii iiiii i iiii iiii i i i 3333818 BgSSS',3 3353338 sggssss 17« BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, I93I+-36 i S il! H si sea 4 8*“ ?• !!im mi Is i s i 404,782 396,518 315,116 61,693 13,209 i 1 i il «T 4,574 15,814 51,301 30,537 84,670 p.p.i ? mm SS*!}'' S y. 583,836 170,038 47,736 76,157 46,145 353,198 128,186 85,492 59,569 79,951 655,904 545,463 77,879 44)763 41,189 2,000 17,270 65,178 «SH §s§?a s§s*s 886,196 99,381 80,541 21,581 6,955 15,094 s% 4,589,458 3,340,523 103,560 2,442,380 794,583 1,243,935 317,276 832,402 844,471 454,786 1,544,581 1,320,704 154,000 342,862 102,139 107,617 42,213 18,435 60,975 77,898 13,500 181,670 sSSsi !§§l§ 8 §g| ||S ""“a a •** 4K*£48 009 ivy. SS S3 15,016 7,876 7,140 100,504 86,102 27,347 2,196 109 U\ IS * 5 i ! 1 ! ! Ss ! i i 4,793 4,739 is i 284,425 259,441 8,701 237,214 84,984 12,757 12,227 127,690 124,942 122,088 2,854 ! i i ! I 19,188 84,836 38,098 3,318 98,835 19,358 78,000 41,919 81,889 58,685 19)000 3,876 564 3,858 20,644 624,195 48,850 ^5*998 36,352 § i 1 i S 325,256 275,626 7,000 31,092 10,361 10,327 19,045 9,750 54,381 10,000 75,208 :!!!: i i i i 1 ! SiiiS! 300,916 243,844 243,844 243,844 SiiiS SMISii SiiiS •MS! iiii! i mill 2,764,807 2,064,670 1,086,696 70,000 1,016,696 P.PJ. SS22S S S i ! ! S ! iiiii i i i ! ! SiiiS i SiSSSS Si 925,090 985,090 15,483 844,607 65,000 ! ! i S i SiSSSS: iiii! 3,897 6,610 14,718 80,159 1,834 48,189 84,978 17,569 | r-I! 85 1 8*V«V ! S S S ! 476,172 441,314 54,000 143,446 49,518 33,345 1,306 44,973 64,996 41,384 15,918 48,083 8,185 36,097 39,871 15,896 63,647 84,878 5 iipj.il 7,116 , 747, 605 943,917 713,456 322)595 383,559 230,461 65,119 36,837 48,352 86,153 514,959 392,720 93,000 18,889 40,064 63,683 20,205 16,703 1,678 23,517 3,500 37 179 Ii! 2 i 5 S S s sis 831*18 i i ; iii IP iii? is: i i Mill I 3.3ISMS i - 3 88 S " 8 2 3 3 32 1 585311 35 2235*5 IP. sss 831838 H 8‘*3 Pi 88 iii p.p.p.i SS«*a* 32 i33 52 -f m\ 5 8 8888888 8 g*5®523" 2 ggl E22223 S 8 s ass 38 s m ”3 iaslii iffssi «® o §23 IS* sis S* 52 IP.IP.i. P.S3S StP.I Ss3*s»* SMIt ssssg I 3222222 § 8 |5SS?585 S 4,761 3,398 14,402 366 m ~3 siis?§ is r* h W iii iiSSi !3 r - §2*1* 8*8 - s - S | 2 8* HiiiH i 88 S' Mi 2MM2 1*3 pi lit SJU ii! 33 i ii I 1 3! ! ! i Hi il I 83M3M i « « 3 S8 8 “ ss S3 - s' " a 2 g« « 3,887 11,191 33,414 49,630 1,493 4,774 8,070 11,200 8,400 si! irssi iii iii IPIPI 28 8 — 33122 55 ii m Iiiiiii i !!! Siiiii i il liiiM m iii ! I M i M iii!: MM3 1 Iiiiiii i i § sYs I eo n lii liiiii i ii i « Mill? 35 i iWi it * to rt IS! liiiii! i i i i i M Ml i i tsiittt § t t'P'aass * Mi IMMi i ii ® 3 isl i ! i i || i iiiiiii Mil! iii :§ 1 siiiii: i s is a‘a i § 8 Hi ii5l i ! sis || i | ! 1 iii i ! i iii i KS3J i i i ii 1 liiiii: i s'* a g " 3 -gs -a SS8S s s' 5 u.hu ip. $s ssssss ass \mn n\ ssa ssiissi sssss iiiii s isiiiii s |S“3S" S3 SJ*a gSSS^S S2SS5 B3*'*S S 3's3*oi'*3S 5 TABLE 20.— RECEIPTS, 1 iso BIENNIAL SUBVEY OP EDUCATION, 1934-36 I mil!! tills i IMIS as IS's's's i I p.ip.li ISPA I 45831 (4 * S833S"S S3S*§ *3SSS_ || S sISSH! ISsll ? §§555 sg * iiiiii* “ass s' sa's's's g§ i ssllssi ::§§! 5 Hi is SS~21S «"8 - ** | +* i 3I8E28I S5S8S I siiSi ii ii* i* " »'-■ -■ i i iiiii! i iiiii i iiiii ii - § 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 Ii ii ■i ii I S38339 1 11315 i 33 1 IS ii ip='r 's' - i as' HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 1S1 1/ Negro. 2/ Distribution partly estimated. 3/ Figures fc BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 195U-36 lip: * S§£ erg 1*111 " 1 °"i 2 i!|i s 2 ci S3 ' "Bi isiii is ss * s 2888882 gsasrs 3§HSS S8"”v2* a 3SI32I8 -- i !!!!!!§ i sinus " "i i i i i i is i 3882! is sr« 5 s ssisis! §§ - i sEissei SS *» alsi!sii as -*•- 881123! EH 3 EM issi 33 83 «« « S£ i MEi 18 8 331 1 1 IS 38 8* 811888 883 1 ! I Ml 88S2IIS « « ggVjf o |i:|l| pi'JI HI HIIJII 888338 38S3EE 388 3288288 8*3838* 5**8** ™' 28*2® *8* MM| || i i | ip.P. «2S2 8SSS -SS52 3§§ss g»sls s‘™ a‘3‘3‘8* 21*118 ill ss S3 ii I sills 88312 ?? z H a n Mi Ml MMM Mi ss It aas~ sa‘aiaa C- irT H, 3311311 8*8* 8* SSI 1831 5*5* *« si is S 3 sis i ! i ill MM n n M i i ! i|i i ! iii 612,500 572,662 5,948 9,289 13,416 4,193 61,313 ¥¥' 23,105 6,016 117,595 116,950 6,904 10,160 17,878 82,032 i ! i i i i i II III i ! i i i !!i i M M M Mii! MM! Mi i i ! i i i ! ! M M i M M : i : WW385 as***- ! ilia a s 29,095 48,190 6,826 12)904 8,050 1,363,793 1,318,368 31,862 132,786 48,086 58,353 38,329 60,064 190,065 55,769 61,152 51,517 46,936 48,416 53,482 15,610 60,117 8 133 MSS s IS3S S lilies a-« £ -* i a ! !!!!!! i «5!iSSS 8 a* 3 S88IS 23*§8 a s--3“ S52S 5 Pll I S!3iU| *SS css •*»" = s's S gggi t sill i IlscJis «2* * ***5 i §8335*5 SalsSS! pij pisi |p i SIS ! i i i | | ||8E I si ! si i I S35S8SS s a* ggsaassj S ei§£S§ I SISilil S fs's'-'s's' S' ifMj'ji ! i I ! ! I i ■ isSigSa ??'" 32H i i Si i i i i Sai i isi as ¥ ! m 1 1 iii i S i i | 8 i i ! i ! ! i S 38SSSSS 8 Is" *8 *3 8883S siiSi ssgss a s g 38S2S slSag 833” 3*838 s i in mu Mi Si iSSSi IBB K*I8 sasaa as?. § SSMISi i 333313 S MSS MS MSSS iSii! *S|8S| s §§ a a S S S S Siii i ill 3" 8 13 i i SSSi i *• S SSSI I S SSSi s a SSS3 s s*as i 8S3SSSS I IS S Si S S iiiisiS § ssssasaa i * % ~ * a aSSSSSS i ssssss s sssssss f i i isi S i i i S SSSSSS i 3333313 sf ■ SS'^a a SiSSS SSSSi 38335 sl£3f ~SSNS Ert$OK g£gg§ §§§£§ vm "^s8 Siii iiSH a | si S i SSSI *i a asii His 33** ssga aiss * s‘ I si”! SSSI 3 s 188 i 55°* SSI i i s s s S ! S S iasi a ilsi I tin an 33 i E sa s ms i Sia § SSia I 33 IS 1 3 § P.P. 1 saga M I ! £ I £ I i TABLE 20.— RECEIPTS, 1935-36— Continued 1S4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 !!!!!! i l ! !!!!!: i i S i s£i i i i »» i i 13 3 5515 88 8* i i 1,182,738 878,381 23,056 449,007 155,900 250,418 120,898 55,026 65,872 183,459 52,603 27 ! 29 5 32,840 49,952 3,300 wjm w. §538«SS '°'°8 11,714 4,320 5,224 10,440 17,041 4,457 36,017 6,320 1,491,733 284,237 111,096 52,364 58,732 171,411 19,021 2,909,684 2,181,392 160,889 1,506,207 196,893 317,403 311,507 168,333 143,174 416,785 59,352 31,680 29,137 60,505 34,135 mi 701,253 438,910 46,571 57,617 6,354 88)522 50,423 23,378 54,559 262,343 15,987 6,556 145,593 8,684 9,145 15,167 38,505 22,706 3,610,937 8833 pM W 80,171 66,253 2,115 32,084 11,692 20,362 12,320 4,295 8,025 1,400 198 mi *ii ilj i § i 197 930 66 99,034 88,787 84,022 45,454 38,568 152,914 132,415 4,431 127,984 i : i SEIII8 Siis 8” H " 10,841 7,606 6,450 gia 81 i : i ! i is® "S irs v \U\ i i i i : !!!!!! i ! i ! eissll III 33,605 1,520 913 1,468 alsl 15,932 15,932 i i Ellil i a i §§! 234,475 33,451 15,700 12,702 44,578 19,000 24,000 31,360 i i ii i U i i i !::!!! 460,972 384,639 152,147 152,147 is 953,872 674,330 87,155 294,919 120,198 172,058 173,599 79,366 94,233 105,943 10,518 10,600 8,108 8^400 18,839 24,246 5,500 10,879 iiiiiii ! I ! !!!!!: iiil § 3,027,124 1,893,961 233,668 1,660,293 » 824,736 756,404 40,278 716,126 54,740 54,740 ||i ! i ! i|i| i i : i i i i i i : i 18 i 1,081,433 1,081,433 49,829 1,031,604 * i 26,979 26,979 12,592 14,387 i : i mm i ! i i 107,963 102,202 2,768 12,592 37,278 33,074 m s N |li i i i 1,822 134,942 9319 28 8 I i mm ss-sss sss 40,678 4,046 3,980 6)876 5,385 IliS 446,655 233,492 35,396 38,715 5,864 63,702 51,316 23,984 8,368 6,145 213,163 6,600 4,813 145,593 8,056 7,677 1,839 31,770 6,815 851,939 946,598 568,246 550)236 275,648 54,094 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 185 iiii iii 1,815,455 1,791,935 308 1,544 17,591 i i i ii S 10,765 56,635 i, 683| 327 i Oiii a i i i ii s 1128 lii 3 5 5 1,730 1,730 1,660,541 950,115 110,377 58,981 8283! 102,997 32.288 si iii “2 « i slsssi sssasa 83189 *a‘ «3 88,952 203,478 244,375 243,043 294,155 33,753 70,650 332,103 14,074 240,899 18,450 38^403 16,077 6,317,060 5,192,500 22,008 155,749 45,197 33,238 63,130 33828 ssssss 43,991 117,084 186,265 249,816 70,552 150,565 68,810 43,317 1,064,672 88.048 72,214 324,902 1,923,950 85,948 111,515 s 238298 3 |a>£§SS S8S38 SSSISS 2,034 2,351 356,440 315,481 534 130 8.8.81. i 1,800 46,161 40,318 6,740 6,300 694 116,711 11,578 2,067 50,889 14,244 40,959 5,521 16,591 692 1,705 Si !82 .-T i S S3 iii i i iii i i 32! i i i i ii i i i|i 50,018 7,182 i i iii s 1281 i "i 1,724 1,724 iiii! iiii i i ! 888,616 697,030 34,400 30,806 11,000 1,519 1,175 26,548 3,704 i i 192 36,899 44,712 19,943 264,799 50,620 • 1,154 144,458 8,915 8,120 7,500 184,086 1,400 692 23,000 27,926 1,924 8«y.8 * s s ^ a iii! 112 sail is I i i i i i i i i*i* 3‘ " i i i ! i i i i i i i i i i i i i ! i i i i i i i i i iiii i me 383 *535 8*» 33! i is i iiiiiii « iiii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i iii iii i ! i i i iiii iii l i Iii ! i iiiiiii i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ii i i . i i i i i i i i i i i : iiii iii ..204,860 .,104,842 43,407 888! i 38” 73,219 22,087 46,676 62,768 20,841 13,275 687,584 16,200 36,389 100,018 2*, 500 1,573 463 |.i i i| sis t is Halil § S§§ ias§ 8SS38 Hiss 83383 35988 3 888382 83838 SSS § 3 §"a»*3 10 3*3*3 & 3 3 3SBS8 ssbsb bssss a SNSSSS * ssa .— S'FiiiSiTSV BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, I93U-36 js 1,840,931 1,221 415 415 806 806 i WA PiP Pi I 8288 - a-*2 H*SE sas 8 *“a 8 Pi! pip Pi. 5828 2 ia^s S SI3I3 ssl 33- 3 Htt PIP Pi. 3 ««4 ""3 SSSW£; 88- r-T NN 2 i M3 PJP iii i IMS. ’ 2 33 3" 3 - 15,000 4,110 . 904,548 S ! ! i i iii i 32,442 20,155 12,287 32,442 ta i i is i iii!: iii i : ii i i M3 21223 s§§ Mis XX 2 eo 22*28“ S” 8 8 i i is siiss ss: 8 i i is -* i 3 38 r 3‘3‘ S 3 2122 888ls 88! i 2852 ° S1 SS^“ ss aa“5 3222 33283 323 8 S8S§ ii*i 83S3K 8SS s 8^3 g ££§£ 2i!§3 Ml 88SI8M 23 s— 22 I 2313 Hi S222S22 gg g sssss «“ sg“s§ssf i S§S8 nSwSS s~8 IsiiSIs 88 3|32 3"3iS2 ”‘s‘s‘ S2S‘»«S s‘3' to eo s $ s i 21121 in ssiisis 23 SS«8 S a SB "« * H" siii S i i S i S i i 331 S i i i S3 22‘ 2 Isis IS i i i i i i 3322212 II 33 3 85£,oaS3 r 222! Mill §£§ S S S i i SI II «•* Isis 28823 iii SSiSiSS Si || 3 sasH 35 IS 21 iii III i i i i i i i i i 12 i - - 33s§ i i S i i* iii 2222213 3s s? s sWs k « «« KWI 835 UKM.8 ?? 8888 °h«Sh 3"« 8§tf8858 5" HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 1*7 ill sii i i i is * i 790 800 ,000 III 1 8.83.8. i * ~SSI 3§S 883 8 3838 r‘s as# 8 38 8 g » ||i 1,545 1,719 1,360 194 1,166 71,690 i i i iii i ss-is *2 3i8 818 8 8818 a s 5 5 8 33SS i i i iii i iiii i | i I i i i a I s8 s S i I 8 1 1 I ta 8 I g§ £ £ 8 sss 5 8 ss I i 3 288 I 8 3| f 3 i if* 3 8 28 • s 3 3 333 I I II « s £ 3 £ *s 8 8 i i i I 2 !2 in 5 2 to a j I 8 i i i 8 8 a? 8 8 8 5 a§ i 1 i iii- i i if 3 S3 3 i i !:!!!! i ! ! ! i §SS i§ i ! IIS 8 £ S i s s ! e I s*33 ssissis § * 3 "* 5 “ ~ S3 3" “ i I 33S828 I Ills 2SS2SsS I I 8338M £ isas iS&gssx 1 I iiiiii i iiii si i ii is is s* 3 3 iiiiii i 8 ! s i SS i i i i i i I iiiiii i Isis 28338*2 s 2 10 || iiiiii ! Iiii i i ! i i i i iiiiii i i i i § i c\f sis MS i IS|1 5 o. « -* PH! '1BJ I 3 § 333 i i 3 3 I S« I 3 8 SSi II S 3 8 " S 53 i i i IP a .3 s as H a‘ 8 8 5*s‘ 3 8 is s I sHH! S t s‘ saWs 18 I i Iiiiii 5s”" Is [ i i i i i i i •8 83 i 3 Isiisg ii i i s‘"‘ 3 iiii Iiii i i i 3‘ (} i iiii iiiiii s>*2 gg i iiii 8831333 22« 8*a‘ I ii il 338233 i § - - ag-sM BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 1S9 190 BIENNIAL 3URVEX OF EDUCATION, 1934.36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 191 u\\ 5 § i mm si 38 -8 »" Ui*n\ Issli ilili 5!§is gs 3 3 3 3 slsii® liSii 3* S V.« 11! ?P!P. « ~ssa ass! ss sss ss • r §§s3i§§l I®™ 85558 slss |§8388| £85-5 SSSS® 8883 I slgfil i§gSS 8 £«3SS£ 3^885 im 335 S&355 83 ill8 iss 83«8*» - 33! i s§§ lisi-is 18 38 SS3 8 3® 88*1 Sll siiSii ii SB 8 3 3 III i ssi 8 i i S i i ig §r 5*g' is i i 311 313111 ii ii i * * Isis 888 lISISs §8 38« 833 a’”**" s‘”‘ § § 2 i Eli mill ii 83" § 4,783,259 4,191,745 49,493 60,819 93,078 223,940 2,449,128 56,061 86,406 76,513 120,716 59,089 104,896 63,743 44,195 122,532 87,000 52,907 92,371 89,478 259,380 302,699 287,439 889 4,237 360 20e|382 26,349 4,277 2,729 723 51851 " -3 vs 12,009 §§i i i 15 85 § 1,016 10,019 iisii ii i i §§823si go«oaTo 58253 *SSg* 20,000 6,873 26,100 108 ii8i 3 ’ 8 iiiiii! i i i i i i i i ; i i i i i iiiiii i i i i i ; i isi i "S1 iiiiii! i i i i i i i i i i iiii § 335888 53585 8* 35 5888 8*85*3 8 i ISI®§§ 1 § i 5 3 5 “ i 3«§i i i ! ! i i i 2 8 § § § i § S § I S 1 2 £ S3“ “S'* 3" i iiiiii mu i iiiiii i i i i i ! iiiiii i i i i i II ii §si iiiiii ii 88 *■ 8 5§§§ 3SS ~2™g S3 si" iss a »‘a‘ i ssSSSSS Slsli saisi SIS3 SSS^SSS °®38 r 33 ”832 5 §§82S§8 55333 §§§s§ §§58 - gg833*g| 55583 8SSSS 3S53 i §§iS“§ 8§ i i I 3 8§3§3® HISS 3 33SSS3 53388 _!/ Negro. 2/ Distribution pertly estimated. 192 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 S i is 230 240,102 2,162 2,035 2,035 sisi i i i i i 82! 8. 122,461. 122,461 50 118 2,524 51,719 1,101 740 65,529 1,171,233 1,171,233 23,874 7,058 24,640 16,470 8,670 84,798 25,283 3,995,272 im 83“ 146,660 6,610 28,031 33,571 60,096 9,200 7,238 7,238 307,078 2,990,808 2,990,808 70,835 119,805 469,666 1,820,726 138,281 73,715 286,377 11,403 2,796,723 2,769,333 128,569 27,103 lisls 32,084 9,384,137 2,009,032 1,336,440 896,584 439,856 52,619 105,212 84,723 140,607 149,094 140,337 46,100 94,237 130,008 117,303 12,705 2,139,040 10,591,141 10,591,141 367,879 467,851 893,453 5,098,250 1,048,623 373,661 2,002,171 339,253 10,673,335 10,464,066 360,155 97,677 i is \* 33 i 36,812 17,035 9,213 9,906 397 9,509 9,871 9,871 *343 2,486 39,641 IssiHi ii 4,379 56,263 440,782 425,374 7,596 ' 1,314 i.sjsi 427,753 37.476 32.476 32,476 !:!!:: 5,000 5,000 i i 12 £ 393,220 393,220 379,411 11,901 1,908 120,252 120,252 12,470 10,000 1,900 3,023 11,575 462,339 8881 is!!:: i i i 18,585 14,138 4,447 308,369 308,369 17,000 117,422 173,947 1,805,081 1,710,988 110,974 22,772 i i i 1 S i§ i i i i i i i i i i i I i i i i i i 912,111 912,111 181,406 550,705 ieo,ooo 800 i i i i : 1,650,773 1,023,103 554,139 231,927 322,212 388,131 32,450 92,192 52,809 103,815 106,865 sis 8S3 1,023,103 4,925,327 4,925,327 302,310 333,631 537,985 2,993,603 736,063 9,905 4.415 7.415 265,044 265,044 i i i i i 1,100,065 523,390 523,390 523,390 !!:!:: i i i : : is i 712,287 712,287 72,913 637,640 \t\ i i ii 10,000 3,778 1,620,496 His 36,357 10,261 8,956 17,140 22,221 22,221 35,736 35,736 167,283 427,384 427,384 12,034 73,090 5,020 5,420 331,390 430 2,650,367 2,618,359 10,967 20,9e6 7,765 12,420 10,000 7,900 26,502 M. 3338 83“ 97,861 9,511 13,020 13,449 36,792 25,089 22,412 3,100 19,312 72,858 67,086 5,772 329,312 !, 833, 188 :, 833, 188 56,984 127,796 253,521 897,084 303,956 172,551 871,796 149,500 *,391,009 •; >,323,309 221,023 52,605 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 193 89,933 5,913 17,380 10,210 19,795 11131 g 57,316 899 4,643 43,545 6,757 47,891 35,249 1,248 363,979 6,511 83,052 72,778 3,873 156,402 till a i i ! iiiii i 84,750 28,385 16,160 71,660 137 8,845 51,997 4,268 993 65,002 193,600 16,978 153,321 24,527 11,258 4,584 25,321 48,282 32,196 13,299 75,365 27,748 57,801 73,028 37,194 419,903 8,731 287,492 40,287 12,306 44,486 3,646 146,228 206,328 90,294 36,475 94,524 86,138 9,145 i i i 27,390 4,295 5il36 5,787,531 206,604 50,718 89,202 185,944 408,858. 23,302 30,459 131,698 26,343 25,460 155,494 357,005 18,816 609,178 207,442 52,787 43,913 224,122 121,788 136,427 163,524 148,268 90,450 SS8S2 s-‘sss 1,350,268 139,587 476,320 120,965 54,642 177,283 96,822 106,994 2,098,606 343,211 86,097 375,178 352,862 108,375 116,280 67,362 48,916 92,989 37,621 28,251 27,117 21,264,476 5,613 649 400 3,934 170 13,437 iiiii * i is ig a ^ H 9,152 9,949 184 a~m 37,875 3,014 12,800 iisis sssi 7,449 6,187 520,037 S i ! si i IS iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i” 1,802 301 4,116 2,254 5,000 73,168 3,727 i is? a i i ! iiiii 3 6,875 14,678 70,708 38,952 3,600 737 105,750 23,535 234,730 6,472 7,642 23,844 6,298 8,367 50,175 2,260 4,033 1,695 720 11,831 77,004 98,788 4,705 52,016 12,191 44,223 93,000 55,518 4,980 330,595 33,530 16,352 15,307 114,277 Ill 11,394 7,720 3,674 2,113,450 ! i i Mil! i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiii i i i 912.911 ; Ill iiiii iiiii iiiii i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii i S i i i i i i ,190,371 III iiiii iiiii S i i i J iiiii iiiii i s i i r iiiii iiii i i i iiiii 3 |II p1 3,072 150,000 2,663 158,719 16^841 199,267 35,935 39,203 327 60,005 44,233 48,111 44,070 43,486 747,478 18,517 48,919 50,300 20,346 367,448 6,775 87,889 141,940 i i i 32,008 716 5,390 25,902 3,077,751 136,734 31,591 8,606 113,324 276,510 14,202 29,137 117,088 26,343 25,460 46,672 181,580 14,584 192,700 188,384 26,675 43,913 70,403 78,908 112,830 86,003 40,525 56,994 49,290 123,007 126,939 20,433 463,525 113,351 362,585 58,173 6,303 84,283 39,050 65,588 ,081,517 30,553 57,410 262,589 77,537 108,375 25,562 14,774 10,788 S18SS 194 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 E UH i i 13 s i i I I •*HS HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 10,625 10,550 3,539 6,011 1,000 ”1* 100,425 100,425 20,884 21,438 7,868 42,235 | 111,050 529,470 482,650 276,941 205,709 IIIs 227,273 220,823 18,125 67,429 20,850 10,967 PM "R5S£ 5 sH •8 Hi ;b'hh 475,162 197,716 148,951 128,495 978,814 956,189 58,405 113,808 78,203 50,533 101,650 57,675 30,171 46,111 146,800 143,083 129,750 33 s*i 513,669 513,669 1,136 512,297 236 ! i i i 15,572 15,572 3,416 8,900 2,500 ~ i « i i i is 8 iii! ili ilii SIM! i i?. aW* 99 S CO s 122,156 122,156 15,450 70,438 36,268 iiii 213,099 195,099 11,210 2,500 50,000 37,500 issii s i II sssis 88 ii i i i i i i i iiii! i is 53* s‘ S3 S 3SS§§ sgiS mini i i i i i i is 83883 8*3* i W wi HIP 8Sr if m 9SSS18 1 sssSi I SS-V - aa*5 i 82388.88. SSis8 8 is 2 8 Is i i 1 2 sisss g S SN PM sssss Mil S«S5 § ® : ! II ssggs s ^ rM rH a a is S i 8! i i i i i i i i i i 181 S s iiiiisi !§§§s ssrai I s 5 2« ii *8883“ *3‘ gg ^ «* h 13 3 3 si 13! i iM i i is ! i i s § a i s is § I i * * Is § 2 Isi i is 33332 Islsl § S §3 £ SBSK8 s s s s s H* a- °* ill! ! I li ill aaaaa aaaaa 1 §is2gs3 ii r to to 2 8888388 I S8‘li8f3 «*«* i P.P.P.t i 3832383 SB i SsisilS ar’a gs' i 8811! I I 55 a** i 2828383 SSSS'-'SS C* « i i i i i i I f 8 15 i i i i i s 8 1 i 88! i i i i as i isllsas psY js 5 3288388 3 a a 196 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 'S 3 s O o CD CO lo CD 0) ISJil gisss 81333 iiiii 5s “ 8 r* “‘*3 3 Hip. 3i IS i ii|i? iii.ll SS83S a - § a S2S 1,559,022 94,231 153,902 88,802 238,133 i*in 157,733 194,970 664,715 317,658 449,474 33838 *§£§§ 31383. 8.8338. 8a38.5 & rH“ " 3 S3"8 3 g « « i S i i i i i 181 <0* i i i i i 814,838 1,047 ««* iiiii iiiii i i 8^8N3 S3- w88 iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i ! ! i 1 iiiii 49,500 142,225 iiiii iiiii ii!!! iiiii mu §3833 mm tttii s-sss 3* §•* assss ssss 706,936 83,020 40,136 366 176,247 498,971 3,217 28,716 204,072 103,516 163,392 124,477 130,486 84,110 227,143 132,833 333,062 55,027 SSSIS liais i i i is Sail! i S •avs* 3 s‘ • * . sesi i util si-si \m% §§ 3nS ” 3 8 3 8 " ^ S' ” “ " | sills 3§§5§ Sssis 88 SSS“S SSSSS SSg°5 S53S5 SS 8381 i i Siil 11188 i SS S i 8 S -Y- - 8 -- iiiii !!!!! r 1 8.1 1 Still is SSS88 §§111 Hill i°S§§ §S “SSSS S'0* 38 8 "83" "S*?5 88 i i i • i i i i s i ; ! ; i i i i i i i i i i i i i ! ! ! ! ! i S 1 1 i I iiiii i i i ! i i ! Mill iiiii i S i i S I i sis isSII 3iall is i i i 13 338 S-Vs s 5 33831 18813 83833 3ss3s ss Sg5“ S83S8 SS3S® J 33 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 197 m §1213 i iiiisis i i i -r “ “ s‘ " a““* • •§ H2 UMAliiKUi l«na« 8 2 i gas 35SSS 8 ss® S£ 3 £® SSS 3 3 8 111 32S 8SJI8 IP. §21 ”353 ®sas of ....... H I SS*S«t i I * *81 ||||l i|i|5 183 * 8881338 I 3 8 lil i iSs i ill!! ! IS I iiilil- I 3 i 5 S'* J i i " " 338 1 83 13 13338. 8.3.3 8 33*1333 i ! i 188 S8SS B*S3® SnS «‘r *"§ i mills i i i i : * 8 sSisie 8‘2 §2 1 S 2 i Sssias s 2‘ 2 a a i 2 2 8 3 3 IIPII §i§s3~ 85“ *8 S I S i i 8 i i 88§!§i 2*38 13 IIIS 33 ! !§ ! 1281 i ii III i IIIIIIS IS § 3 | i i 8 3 i i I 3 I Li SiSIS ISSii iS! ! s ip iiripiiii iiiiiii| n 1 * II I I.*! ip. 2 S s § 8 3 2 2 ! !! Illl is 2 138121 iv a §32 IISsI sS« § 8288822 5 s s 1 I I I sSISHs *08 «* * 8‘«i«i 8 i rf § «“ * * 828«8; 196 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 199 Sll ss ill i i II1IS 55 5 8 III 3S5«H PPA JS„ g|««-a8 « HOJ ss§!§|g g>3$2 ssY issssss iawi i IS SSISSiS IsiSs ! 1 1 HI 1 1 1 1 iiii| i M iigSI ssassss 3 sss i ii I IMS II Mils S3 i J SIS3I i SS IS IS i 33 a p; *' * II m I» it III PIP «« « V n SSi-2 ii*iss SSI 1831 $i a s a * s's «- 5111 Ssslis Ellilll si i - a i-ij liiiil slilSSi SS 3 8 8 §3 *«" ills: IS3S! I ISIS ills; Mi r£ «8* SSS55 sssss mn sssss sss « s 8n s" ss^^a s""|gH sr vm m.«i mV. iiPA su 3S55S SSSSS SSS|S 832 si I i | 8S3SS Ms is i i sis i ! i I3I8J I Ml 1 1 M i 3 i i i is i §3311 i§55§ isssi ills; lil "§233 53~§5 58^2 SSNS2 a s Sill s ! is ii s & ss SJ Si 1 M M ii i i i i i i Mill i ! i i i Mi 200 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 201 202 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 !*° is i i - lit 1 8-o'g s 2C5|S 8-~ «> I o « ■:2g I 1 1 I 5 § Mil! • • 8 3 112,160 112,160 111,815 345 i i i ! ! ! i i i i 112,160 S | SIS! SSalll! SS a'=?s' 1,600 170,509 12,762 32,303 7,778 1,393 1,035 25,815 5,068,114 mi 8833 8113! S310 10 W 88 *i 208,543 182,691 25,852 20,509 4,863 480 537,525 467,735 210,702 225,629 19,304 6,700 5,400 69,790 746,068 sella iw. 8113 83888 88838 88 a 1 79,411 37,298 20,892 21,221 SlasSSI 8S sagas a nn •H r+ gssas SISS8 H U SlsflW H 1 i ISIS 390 300 L, 764, 289 97,805 95,194 93,262 1,932 2,011 1.240 771 18,978 17,640 8,865 8,775 II 77,549 77,462 SIS! 63,130 63,040 304 1,994 52,837 90 140,607 3 1 HI 8 77,683 58,335 17,534 34,801 25,348 18,448 6,900 2,457 8,000 2,000 457 00,140 1 1 7i s ! i i ! 5,500 5,500 5,500 IS a 18,467 l)s79 8,985 SIS 8.888. i I ! ! i §§!§§ 33 1 5 i i i i IIIH8I. 8.9 "v§ Hi** M 3“ 3* 3” « *3 •iiii f 13 alii ill i i mu !! 3 3 iiii HI 1 II! is i s* • saf j i i HIM 5,287,934 870,759 737,333 422,836 314,497 133,486 17il55 25,000 55,913 i i i i i .18 i 1 § s i liss §§183! i saaa as e"n 18 1 i i i i i ii| IWI 88! 1 i mu IB l § iiii ! i i i i i i is | to as 1 i 8‘ 8 8“ 8 1 3 § 1 -H tO §is 8 His aas31 i M i i 93311 eon« 3,372 36,456 132,378 132,378 i ! ! i II salss s a ss a s III a*8 507,802 441,616 301,359 140,857 66,186 10,456 10,119 18,848 32,763 88338 SS3SSS II as 350,109 347,309 §§ii «r« 698,894 653,264 257,538 251,056 99,830 40,000 4,840 s§ HI&HER INSTITUTIONS 203 132 8.3 « ct. n 8si'“!S i 2§S22 S’g* « « ,fg 33BH82 I 5.532* 8.5J83B3 8.83*8 *3.33283 S §32*2 g| SSS* SSS3S 8H.S888 I 33385 8835833 85233 3.3.258.38. I SPSS'S a.i.«MS s28Ig niS its si:!!! S *8 ”3“ 8 11315 22 8 - -3 2§3§8 13 S8S3S “3 3«BB 33 3 8 S ° S S§ 332! 333 an ss2§ »‘§ii 111*11111!!!! pH! "5- llsH S!S5!! sssssil I 81 18! 38! i i i i Si i i i i i i i i 13! s is" i i ira i * “ " 5‘3 " " iiiii i : III il |PI § 3533 : I §32! | 888 H s s i I i i 3 slsii sils™ 8!3$8 !i! 3§ssie 2 : : i i »nd | a -* s d-s a *“ 00 a • 28!2I IS 8 s i a i i 38! i i i i si !i i i i i i i i i i !!::!! i i i i i ii i 3 " H‘ " s‘s* » II §33! s| £*£ I! Ill1 SHSSSS S §~™ jU'sWa •' mil S5 *§n "'s iig's' r ■ - r 204 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ii i i i i I" iiiiii iiiiii i s iiiiii mm. «. i5ssgi SSSSS8 S SU3SS 3**389 n ■I IIIIII n cj 557,744 49,000 104,610 178,341 83,829 69,200 72,764 »5§ISi is 388822 sisiii 1 <© ©? eo 3 as"* ! ii i i ! ii is i ill si is i i i s Si: S CO eo Is i S3§ §1 II i Hi iiiiii i s aaa 5 S3 i i i i i i 16,946 16,946 16,946 iiiiii i iiiiii IS § 1,672,002 1,475,942 180,350 92,822 155,000 1,047,770 396,060 37,000 61,000 121,460 79,600 46,000 51,000 i i i i i i 13 ini a iiiiii i § §§ *8 |! i | i i ii 3 !SiMl iiiiii i 88,007 4,783 23,639 26,404 6,500 3,292 «s ®2 iiiiii mm i ssSs"s sass-s s HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 205 TABLE 21. —BENEFACTIONS: INSTITUTIONS RECEIVING $100,000 OR MORE, 1935-36 1/ 206 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 I I S &SISS mss 31 1331s S® 13 S I L | 3‘gSSE SEg'Sg SSM si «33SS Sa'SS S3 H S issss sms mm s ss 5 3 83S3S 35333 SSSSS S SS i * m mm ££ Ms mU it ! g HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 207 st mm s Si* SS S«§3® a 3SS 88SH HESS 5 §££»« SSssE £ SIS SBSS3 1=881 8 SS883 SSB3 4 5 3S SUB I is ta'tie BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 si H (If i §5? Hi !«i!i I® |Wi ftSftftft RIIS&U »PN« S'iS'W siiiisi » 3 ~~i i~ <8! i isi& ««&* sms [» ft riisi sail SBSSSSE f^S* f ftftftlftlft 51 i is S§!R£ ~ 3£« a " R lRa' "M5R I |||i^i i i i i 16 |i iS?| i -5°:sis 5 i i IS &§l !S£ SS'"' ^ ~ R SR i 3r°!R£® "SffiS ft*|*IIt 'RR'" “88? 3 S" S 3 im kw* «sM? 3R 5R£iCag ft sasafts [gga a sags gwwfj PI SffKSft §SS“S ,Sfta«* ftft!ftft ii RR ! R i ee e r«,5«® sisss 'mm R£R3£ ftlSftftftS ft SftftSSfS iBftSftft &r“I§s tt SffSKS a R&3R333 ~ '^3 RTf= 5S,Kvar-R m* ess oj roir>r^^-oj IHr: IS aia $** *5* a****'" - sa®**g* a sis' aaa paisas saa Sal i §? n asaiasa a ^8 assess is* ^2& - * a tss *gg saa&ia asa sisiaa $ asusai § « hir**"3 a»^~^ ^ H *i* aa&isa eai §§!!!! i mini i jfH’"‘ 35 *8 ** " i ! i i S i £§i i If 1 i i i f ! I i i i i i i i i i i i 35 a III III 5&5IIS III iiiiii i llllll I i S' 5- S“~ §« £££! a&asas IS HR §aii ?i *ssi 4&3J$I i| w5 iai Jt CM- aiss atasaa 18 ? asas K> « aasa Iiiiii 15 ■'5 sis* S' S' a SS aaaa ssjis sssas l| £8 S’ S3* as 5*** gg.g^ *s aaaa S3 3* pziii s?n V*> |H r~ ^a £sf* gfes ss**g& a* saas-is S"S §3 a km a a» RR S“ ig K?l *11*15 i i 3 111 «o^x> *"« 18 &isa iiiiii i i 5 §§ f IS a«s iiiiii i i asa §*& gREtas m mm $ afesaaas § **3 c»« 8l‘*«*S Sa* 5**"“ ® ta»s£s* ~ ®5S SIS SSISIS £H ££SiIS § sSSiiicsil | |'tvo5S3. '&S8r- S^S ~ ■* m tm aaassa a» ^ mi M«si as O «H r* |S SS|S |S?SSS S§ “S SsSS RSRSRR *s 210 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 il £88881 ms 8 SS5 Sr S38S! 83££l n\ i i ? ^ a s^-aa r*s tr»jO *3888 1 *81*8 ISSSS $I3£S £881 ! ISS8I Si i i R ^ » CT^r> w pa ^ -* •" OJ iH^O tur-^ £1 i ili i*s§3 Spi i ! i pIS i isssi siiii iiiii * ~ 8 "8* pa hps^ 8 PP Si i ISI i i i i i iiiii iiiii i i i » i iiiii i i i 13 iiisi 8 i s* S3 " aalili 8*818 m&\ i ssa> 8I3SI &s?n Ss~3“ 3£i “ i £ » » G\C\ •h cr» ^ *5 ^ •h rjr^u>^ " H ssrs* *3383 RSSSS £*s*8 g-'aSSIJ gRS^S 88*83 apggp "'Agsu? *«S*» ER"**'2 ss ■25 .064 >485 ,000 P§£33 §SJ?atR *«ES 5I8SK § mi £p§pr £8888 2 S^P"' “ pa ps, 2Rrt ™PStr“ psa^s PP * ~ 8* 1388 £8*88 um SSS8S 8S&S8 &jfi» iii&R 3 4ai »r> O* H «3 irx=r ---• S3 - II Ml I i i i SI MISS iiiii iiiii 131 II OJ Mil! Silll Si Mil 1 ill 1 iiiii i ! ISI iiiii iiiii iiiii SSI 11 «R *i i i i i iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii i m i iiiii i i « SS&m SIP? *sK£ ggsss pppSI vm plpt* ii§Sl g^SSKP s.s'asa i ssp&a> papgs 4&°§*§ ssm 3R88f SSsla fls^i 838S8 ~*$«p S58SS $ ^t O r-t HHW|S"H a-p- ^ - HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 211 51 I 8385 V 15511 « -a 5 “$HR ss s5ssi 85511 m$\ 81551 1181* MISS 8E?IRI “ “ SR S' £ £ |j 33“ m\\ SiS5i ilia! 11*15 i i M i £151*1 rj ,h ol ®ir> tA r-i pj j± lllsi SisS I * si* i Mi- es&i i i « i i **- 3 II * i m " 5 £ 11*81 51*5**3353 1*513 3138* *1-5181 !sr S3 3 sV* "lii ~ S? 5" K "VS* & It " “'55 $* mil* IS*** SiS®l IlSiS ' i IS IS ss^Ss ffilIH *!» a “bb a s e sasS° s’*® isl 5 SIS »- a a ss wsssa 3^ -SKSS ?? sgjgj S" -'$&>"» Si i»S*S SSSS* SMI6 ICSSs SSSSs SitSI SS8S3!* iKKsi s'”*5* *Rgj« tg'i'RS **«»'»* SiS&s ES*8S «gHJ SS§!f ams issSSSI 3 oh^^h £ SSRSSa 33t5l-S»555 *1555 *5515 853 B^ 855513 M M 1 1 1 Mill Mill III!! MM! Mill 851 III 5! i ii III5I 3 » Si 5 *1*5 S?|R2S;s, SR^ 585111 88 IS vb‘ SSI I, i 15 i I ii 3 515 I * Mill B'l i 1 1 Ii I ii 151 1 I litis ! I ill ! M ! I i 115 8 R I 8 ?l 55 8 55 53f«8l *8555 *1*83 55*15 35388 S88SR* 5*5 8« “'r*sr rsR« » a*K sa a 3 i si § f= g*a"3& ass 5*5535 5833 £§*38* sa-'- £51*83 81*8 ^ a s ^ 881*35 8585 £s ^ 5*3855 ieS&S 83S5®B -FI5 C\J *H «H 58*888 £i§& 55* rS r®* 8583*5 5*$S f sp^’p | s£i£i£ 115* *■ 55 * « & & 5555 i ! *€*S 58151 i 23 2 531585 .5855 5585®8 3® 8 8 TIONAL AND 212 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 3 m 6«S1 1 1 is as,s" - 3J iS a p 1 a » BlMRS 33RIRI i * - -a II g p!§° Jj Si i 2 III SSillls *1 is Is 5 RIBiR* iiftifti! i is i i lAin H r-i <\j s ft s s ^ s§ a s * sir 55*1111 §i IR % S SiBiaa aiRiei i SlSR i °J w PPcJ cu 1 S JP "3 t" T ft S' R ! ^ i ! i S^SrtlR Rl « * » i i i i i i slftsa! i 1m i w ft*8 H “ a j?ft CM C\J SS*"® Hi 11°!™ si *S § * pi a i aS HpfsUi ft ill i Is- H*« § sg R a - ~ *8**5 tefcRSEfc R3 $p * g $$ms iifti^a mi p Rosass. 5" SR 5 - mi VD 2 3&3 aiBSifi&fB p& H 1 R 5} RRR&SR RSsRSR i *S{ OO SR**’"** "'R i 1 2 Rrwr CVJ 5S5 RRSIffR fj SR s i Ss'Hftl £&ft§l3 R&RS i iSP M sh £ ft 3 g,R" P ^ rt3£*f. to i i i SSi i i i i ?i !I ?? S' 1 iiiiii iiiiiii iiii i i i i jgllill si il 1 1 iiiiii Hiiiii 1511 i **“ 1 R S II 1 i i i 11 i i i ! i l? IR i i iiiiii iiiiii-i i i is i ** **VKN K> ft 111 *1 •* ft & Halls IftlaHS R3R3 | CO PS'* K&TS®* R *3 1 R l^sg g|RflgW! *S*S a si BRifcSIS u a | 8S&5RS IHHpi m% ft ft" *° S' 2. •ft g°p~^ *$& I , |jl HI&HER INSTITUTIONS ssuftg ON 1 ON £ 1 s I ! 1 3353 I £$ §1! 831118 s.m 33IS&I5 8 P • - k> kn S3*R is- “'R 2-- K JSSffl SS ~§S * - mn\i ON 1 ON S3 i fi i 1 1 $tt%m §§ i 81! i if. SaSf 33I83I8 8 88 s KN KN ogcvo ™ inin O iP3R£ RR ON ON NO is ftiaiH I I 1 i I i i iai ill 1 1 i i i 8 £§£* HI I2i8 I IS h a R - - £ 8«»s H 5 » 5 *u%\i “1“ 1 i I SSfiEI is 138 ££!!?§ 5!l£ 8583533 I 1* — ~ s »&** » *»" -S R R ^KNONON^O 5 £Ssi 15 331 8*85138 SS8 as*is£ £r£~ 5535858 5 I S *"« 3 *6*9 *g K'S£ S8SS H— s~H * ! *2S IM *5RS55S 335 3881 35 Z§xs a si rag? jp^R SsS RgSSsRS r h *83 a«*§38 sals OJ «-i 8a*33«3 5 rr aai i is eas 8*“ 3358538 885138 MS* sasms a 15 ONON vO *STS **» »8 3**® 3nR2Ktr*0' ^ "3 tits s i li s«s i^iisi 5§&l 15 5838 8818355 5 8.S - i ONVO KN 53"* »* 2^ " " a 5>3 SR-'" cvg, illlis “1“ I 1 1 I I 1 1 1 ! 1 i 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 5828 i M 1 S i ! I 15 S' S> S, S'K'r'| 2 iiiui £> ! R ON 1 ON I I I 881 I 181 1 I 1 i I i 1 18 III! Milill I II i s s r f 1 5 1 1 i 1 1 § gl *!* ill I Hi 1 13 I 1 1 I II 81 18 233 Mill is & *"* rf 33 ^ i 5 Si S3 *"* *"* *"* » 331 IIS 5S8 Mg sse^ess m 5S3ISa SK3S 883 8858 5 « s in &*s £22 S8S3**a C\J OJ S«* *§ |~8~ I'RSNSgRit R SSI 113 22 3 HI 5355583 588 53813^ 8335 SSI&S58 8 35 sa « *<*jp CO CO ON s£*s52s °'*j? 22^ £2 3 £"£ S S3 * "3 BIENNIAL 3UEVEY OF EDUCATION, 193^-36 Esmia sH H^n £i£§> m\m u\\\ nsg* 8j|8 5- R a 22",rt 2^ g,22 rtl5S' 2 ~ 33§i&ia m mt\ i Mi8a*iia83 lam 11*11 is ££2 ^ © K'MW ^ 22 "2^ ££§!$!§ RR§ 8S3III i. i & i SSSI^K «l 1 1 1 1 1 RER Si! 3R2 3 " ^N,n si“H 2 ggs? 2 * Rh ssmis ssi siibiii h»i &]\m gsg** iisie n a* » 5? ** * * as -«-« a 8" &8i«85& asf ssssis ^§i asaiiss 85tis aim ^ 22 32RK it'flS j5*a» ft *222 2*8 *34 5 2^ 4 “ g*R *2 sasssfs as£ ssasa* &ts$ sssssss SrISk ?gs*a 22 SISS^S S3S S*2g |a£^,2gK ,!?4S8£ 22*2 £ ££ £™2Sr5~ Ut 388513 3831 SS1I&8 *t&8E IS888 s£ 22,22'° ‘''S' 2“^ *»h«u»d '3S? S?r_2*‘R “f'JR2 2 * ^ :88*8£5* 888 s£5ifs £881898 »§§ i S SB 2£2°'~K'2 rtty 22CT' H’"™ © «*' * “*<* §8188 IS m SI 131! I i I i 2-1 MM ili!i 11-iS li Sa*" I * * " H* III 1118 III MIN! I ll.l ||i 1 1 1 i I MSI Mill Si SSIISIS Mi iiiiii iiii 881 ISIS lliii IISII ii JTS * 2 22 S' 5- ^ 8385858 sit *83*85 £833 S£8»8$$ 88588 JSIBBa 88 g;ggR33|! 882 §**282 *223 |4©25S£ *22 2f l'-S22'8 28 855S&&S 8SS 858 S8B S3 88 3688858 58335 833*5 83 ggfS3*-a« 2“ 8 ££222** 23“-** r-‘°SS°' Vj^ox Ill 91 tIMII §£ ^ 5" iii 91 *11*11 if ^ S' iii Si 81*811 §* m ™ sitpii1 i* OJ -> OrH ^ H«,<«2 £ *99 *S 8*8639 Fs a? eg g0' 3g 5 8(1 P *188(1 89 r< lT\ 1^ ri ri H iii ii aiisi! 19 9 iii i i i i i i i i il * iii ii iiiiii 19 £ *83 91 **8S*R £s SR3 gssaas ^3 nl ££s S* 9*8 S 89 H &* a» «►=**• ^g I s I * 9 * 5 3 | 9 S s § * 9 S a € 9 S t HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 215 8*3* MR 89916 1*18* Sir ^ * "S (S9? W (9911 PI I? lOOCcAw K\K\ ^ iH <“< ro f*^0 IS55 K®* III il Mill ii^ -' -' i sssi m mis mi* ooo o §fs£ *9* 98989 9*188 €££5 S** 55 ‘"SS H 8898 9ps 8*993 98*99 §J?g£ 1 53 Psj«»5 RS^SRS, »*££ S£s 3*98* ~si§£ £g35 SkJG-a 0'— Mftj os lifS *88 *6*81 £8388 SSRtP® ^N», H -5 3SSi iii iiiii inis 999 9 *9KI iii iiiii ! i ! I* $ss s III! IN Hill mil I 5 SISiSI SI I ? s a t * 81*891 81 ® * 5 S'00' 3 8 8 *1 181 ! 81 rss ; * 9 8 1 1 1 1 i I li 9 5 *19891 H K i S »* 9 8 893*89 | ( piU" IS s * 33*588 *3 f S *■*«* I I 98*381 H £ § £3333 S3 9 * 31 181 1 88 i i * ~~ i * Pi mi *1 a a * * I i I 1 1 i II 5 5 6*8* sss *8889 5k£§S alls s«s =»«*« ss^g ISSS ESS ES*1r 1161 b Rssf? 3>ss &as--*s v"Hrt-=f£ * * « 5 £ £-§£?- IS I I Ss£$£S 31 £ 8 83 KmS, RSS 1933^: 216 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934— 36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 217 *11 1*?! i isiRi Si 188 SiiiS § &! *188 f~i i i i 88*82 rH3I> **3 K'S> h- m 5 “"3 * -as Is Sr 883 • i i IMi i iiip I S i si si i i i $ s \%m a*m'i 1818* 8S**S « i "3 m KN w r- * s? K> - -* ^ *“* - «g RR R-S SR *1 i i iff i i l£i i i Ell*? i i i is 5 8III8I 83IIII 8 MU* Si si 183 21 5 KMn 1 ~ 3R - - p vO ** s* t»s sIrs SKSS sSliS ?Iil| I5IS5 * HIS ill i-siSIS ISIS* £3*83 Hi »» 8 * rr *°3g s 5? 8 3™ -*■ « S3 R3rtSR 1*8 HH| a?l*S I~!rs IPJS * *18811 SS-I83S §ffiRR Ri¬ »s 8R£S'° *« HS S1" 3£ ^ff10 g ff 5 -5S Sff 5S~ "S'"? ll Hr m*£ ft&tffE rSIrI s?sp. § SS11SS I2SSHS fSsfgs iSff2 ass HI R*8»* *8*3* rr^rr saaag a 3 SPSS'S Sr 5SS .*3$ rrHr SSS85 8*3** S8SS8 s ftSSSSS SfoffcS* 83838 slffRff R&“ SwR £22?°'™ aR-'sg 338RR p *-',^SVSri S3 83^ "-"H arSi i*5* m s«« S&33 SE85* &*&* * sia§H 8S88S3 li||| -S-Rf &Rff mcr\m r^rjinwj- "Vh‘“S * ^ -“' 3“ ~ RS- 5532 S i ! isiii i i i i i IEI i i iiiii i i iiiii i iiiii iiiii IEI3S HS in * 3 SR 5R i i i if ill i i !§I SI i i i r i i i* i iiiili iiiii! iiiii tout iii ■* S| £ a 3- S i i i II! i i i i i~§ iiiii iiiii s liiili Rpiii iiiii 8* 1*8 iii VO ^ s °' RRff | TABLE 22. — EXPENDITURES, 1935-36 — Continued 218 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193U-36 | i mills i ill i ill |* !%!.!% *51 iii 81 1813 *5*8 3 cu~ " *» a s 5 liH € 2 BBIIII8 113*1 $$ ili || i|ii| Kgl i i ! iiiiia 6 «« s\3S~ 1 5851 I 13 iiiti III.1! i i 1 i» **! i ! i 81181* 5*83 3 2 5*T iT 3 3 i ftl*£ 2 558335* 3 §3 Si I*IE* \%£\% SSft i i i Rii^ii i = R-ji5 ■"* ft" KS3 CK C\j * ft ~ °-N2 ft ft £ ftftRS nmu S5i*s i : Ifl 3*£gg 855 *5* ISisff! t*6* & 2 gS 2,2£2 Rft "S eo s£ 5*0*** 0* £§ft~ 1 O ft&S'Sftft'S, S^RRff »*»** °3 3 « 5S3 223 6*86 eo r— 1 IEL5« £2£&g 85.583 855** *S? $6% pSiS^S R CO 8\22332 3 IOI^NK^KNvD •*75$8S »«* 2CT'K' Rff *£*f 1 «£»£££« ISiSC 85131 Kps *13 53/ 5fti§^£ * *- Sr=**'" “'"' “ CM iTi CVI ft “ " ~ 6 *583 ft 851*111 1 1*1.1 i i i i 1 iiSii i i i iii iiiiia t*35 6 CO RR 2 a ls*°2 ft ! ! il i i ! 1 i i i i Mil! i i ! i i ill iii unit ffR2Sr s 5 6*3* Ssiiiii liiii Mil! i ! i i 1 81 i i i i S 1 i i is 1 - ftft ft 1 !!s"? 5*sas3* sms mss 2&^ff2“ SRSffJ? "'S'S&R 83553 5*5 56* 55685* iiffi 5 »»SR® 5** ii! 1 &85§5t8 85*53 5*8*5 568S5 553 sn 551831. ®HK 5 OJ SRS&S^ff 5^2“8i ■''Srff-'iS £fts !h oj cm cm ft 5*58 & HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 219 ii sii i IJ !i ! i Mill! 31 MM *** i i 5 utm 18 a ~ sp I i a I Mill! i S i i I ! !!!!!; 2831 H ?ma§ Mill Mill III &I&S3&I 81811 NISI NISI lall «8 1 I* Mill Mill III SSISSSI M8M Mill I I If I Mil 3§i 13 as Mill Mill III 3&IIII pI I II Mill Mill is I I HIM *s - a' “ ™ lien Min Mi *313155 *iei* mu 3a*3& m* *3*is * Sts S' IRS^SR Mill 131 I* M I 81*18 UMS **£Sfc £I2s *§8t* 8&38S8PS? 5 H R I^SR “ £23 88*8f §is8i- sii 2§8i8 sms ms i§888 SS'r'voir' ^3 g^SRSSS 3,8! P& SS-23,2 §>1111 lsi!8£ I8§ 3£*&8*3 S§f£& &&3S3 SrSSS Hss *1§*r ~ ~ asrt~^'£ is^sa 2““’“ ^ 83181 18181 188 SSISSaS mis '5SIK *?&K spa 31813 g>£ ^ M a ^ 2 P? ■» ^ W,H rtrH ri MrH Mill Mill Ml III !r.M HIM II m MM! MM Mill Mill Mill Ml I I I 1 1! I Mill Mill Mill III! ill!! MM! Mill 1 1 1 ft! 1331 Mill Mila Mils Mis MM! as " a 88S33 §3318 28§ mu® fl«S3 88s8£ 81818 3333 388*1, ^2^ ^ — 33S£rR£tr S'™-" £&"!?* PS?£j?^ fcaSPr 3 S'* 8!^ 38181 13388 188 SUSS® $8StS ZS&l £§§& 88131 as? as^as s™“S s~ ^ 1933^ 220 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 J 1 H pi M ill! Iii II 1 s I c 6 1 <0 !| ss co jjg to || Q 00 ij* 2 1 5 „ i z CO 2 U ^ K ^ D Q e r Q £ U PU > X W I oa £^££5*2 sfH8 SRg^iR S3 §**5 Hlaf8 R&S' SIB3IE fils in oj g.-j&asaas' P“?&8 ~3^g^i *s> 1 1 3 I PI ffi r-s i!li I ■® - - i! Is ill! i! -•-3 ;1S f.m «iij isilS- lipi !jji Jiiiis }jiil IS: i isK IK i Hffi ! pH 11 II 1 « ill ;S£ J;* “ * ass III!! HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 221 istis 3 8381 i I 13 ™ ^ ~ ~ £ 15513 S 338 f I i 13 3 131 i i 8 I!?! i ! 13 ^ *> g *3333 3 53&&e-| 13 2^322 i S“0,““ | esies 3383' i 381331 S 3a *8 SOMR 38 3s Ssie£ 3813! 33181 1 1 ss ^ -- * 38118 8331 ! 881 831 I £R R c^‘n |3 8S 888il I iii i 3333331 RR" R » ^ Sifse lie S3»| S i £*~ 10 ^ *"* -g III! I lie E$*l|| 133 11388 i§! 81*111 sis s~- - g !£!§•£ 83 i 2sf~§8 sis ~ -e - & £352! 1 818883 sr SR**'* * Sf 53832 & 383833 33 sSRti r &s^^ew rr Ses£s 3 sp£8£® 38 ms2'Ch- g artK' m§- Slssi S' 383138 33 .-,-22 - 2 * ilii! 3 SiiiSi 13 £ Mill i SIMM if 8 I3III i 311131 13 * ~ i 83388 SaSsa. 53*8531 issi* sei 333883 HS SS3SR jpPgRR sssr*r °'Si^R RSI essfs l~Res Sss£ss>§> 3*r8& $£%*£§ 3»i SPSS SHIS' p.’«Sc- **«=* *»* ^s«asa ssj J-* w W r-i r-i r4 lA mm 33383 S£35*5£ selli *«§ 388833 383 ]£R8if=g. ga^g Rff.sRaa10 2ioK'g ea*' s°',nr-'rw ^ft isese 8333 5 gg£££g£ |3| |3 §35 535833 833 s.s^s Re^^a *-* - ~-g ££i£i £™s 3313151 i 131 i iii : i i i i i i is £ w^-s -- - ~ 3 |BI|I MliS i I i i ! i I i i i 1 i iii i i i i i i IIS aa a a ssis- Siiii 33131 1 1 131 I I iii s i i » i i i§* 33 V S3 3“ * * "3 §8853 3 83S838 83 SSaS'S g £2SN,M 8jp 33883 3 -IsSs* f| 2 a ■re1'- a 835*3 ats&R a rso r Isa afaRS* *88 &srs| eRRgRse S'iScfSR Rtre asee'00' rs r HH OJ 35*«S 33383 £IHHr 53383 £si 833358 338 gSagvS RRRRS' trees sse K'^lf' 5 S3 r‘"OH‘' TABLE 22.— EXPENDITURES, 1 935-36— Continued 222 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 3S13S8 »« pH 3&IIII fi i 1* 38133 i i 81 1| 83*6* c 8!§rt S' S'" 2! ^rH „H 5 3 » R - iisis§ *3* ?*£ **11111 1 ! II* 88113 irv 5 ir\ 5 iiii SS E " rH rH •" rtrH 5 8 8 miss as«a** SS! pp |r£ £J£I i ! i fi ! is 5 31 133 5 5g S 5 s 8 8118 a iiiiis ««i 1 i 1 £388 i i 1 SI 1*3 388 iJ 5 5 ■i iiii $ H CM CU 5$5 5 * ^ 5o5 5 IT\ in u\m £3, ! 5*5 ssssm asi if asm * 3 IIII S3 §~3 n jt jT RS** “~ 33 R R 8 r- 5«SSSU? m m SSlSfftt £6*53 SP5PP i 3 Hrr s»* 5 5'— ~ * 5 5 831*1 «*»«a r r=f 5 £P55 3*3 KHIII 8SF33 $ S W« 33*B»* SR* tt****~ 553,3^ — 3 5 S k\omt\ r- W& 881 ?se *31 18 38*83 S 3 fi P 5&°'8jlf'3 rH r, rH 3 a ^ " 3 5 5 &S1 58* 55! i i i i i i i i 1 i i i i i ! ini* 9 5 §§i i srrs ■S3 8 s i Win i i i 1 ! i ! ! 1 i i ! 1 ! 1 1 i ! i 1 1 is CT\ 5 5 iiii 55 5 5* 5 p 55 i 5 ! 1 i i i i i i 381 181 1 i i i i i sislp £ £ iiii 55 5 5 * « IksSSs SIS SSS&B 3838F 5 sD 8 IIII 2S» 55S I^SRSSR 3P!?-~ P 5 3 583!? m $mm nn* asasa $ s sirs 535|2£ && a'rt“ 58!?3 "S' 3gk5P ^““'^8 | 3 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 223 ill j?Rl 1 ist 83 SJ!§ ~§!H£ !! ! srH* * 07 ft 8811811 Hill ££ 2? * “ H 8YB 1 s!s££ “ ■'-Jp ili a~! 1 ! I Si 8 if S E\i *wm S' S' S' " ~ ft 831 ini mu ! £iss£ - -* HI 1 ili sJ! I is- ~S ihi 211*11 « i *■* * ! 1511811 i §812 ££ 2? *“ KT3 1 “list •* Hg ?»« 83 5 i : i 3358851 SS-KJ^S1 w -s it-i § i i i i § »B8» 8 8388881 8853B SjPi'ftKRS a 88383 * s‘l till itt? S' 8*3 $ms& S2R gR-js®" &s Eh Si ! i'll B258 i s-s S 888338ft ftftBftft 5fSsa-s stssss i psSii! R-iag esis si 1 mi mmm ESK ggs-Bsas ies m.$ mm *82 B§ 8«**i je £ 531 £833 sms ititm ®fia'ss 5 85333 » £*i*i a\ Mil |i»a fll assfisR " ssasM'- « °* am m&i fgss a £"°s£ s 3»33PII S35» JJgRJFaS'0 8J»S**°K7 f nm - sM,s«$ W« !8RB ~K lls£«8 « -g 3538 S2IS§* 5?. S '~t“ s 5388831 ftlft&ft’ft 25833 tR3^S~rt ^ S£5f && S' 111 ! 1 1 1 ill n 8 8818 — 1 1 i i a 3 i 8818*11 fills PP 3 8 II lift 8 S£i£ 35 5 1 II i II ill! if P a- 12 MINI 82 a i J.Jiiiii | i i ! ! i i 1 ! Is ms ii i ill lllllll it 1C 3£i£ ffiiii si I a Ili ili i i I i i i t i Mils i m sin lissssi ?RS SS*8#s® e 5828 Ss~s§s 3888 2S«rt8fl 8 3 3883881 3188ft 3 ftftftftft SISKS' o' gSP"^ fU OJ .H KsgS Mi? SSs ggS£S3« r~K'vo 8$ ‘"a 881 & 888523 | 83S85S1 51528 SgS'S'^S'K P“S>8R ft ftftasft a ess BIENNIAL 3UHVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 £61118 115-SI j?2s§s£* 8861 1 Mil* II™ SSfIS 62356 — - iitZvr~J sr - “®«rr r ^«&r gill II !!?!! §p|i§| 8IIII I 18! I ! !§! i |§5I8 6|3 i i 661111 mil 868668! ISSN 'fill* 18158 1511-6*6156 68^" r rf» R* » R 6 ** £91 II I 181 I I 8868681 16818 *6153 54IS6 i§Hi 3565* HH §gp&3 gs s a g* & sis's'ss £88581 £1511 £3*8 166 18! 13 Sliis ISisS 1*681 s»i£S s-™ - * *g®i «* | s *| £ »8 3™6 U U 881*88 686*5 1*52868 5*68* BRsb 53*63 *53*6 5g|KKK ssgERg sj»£2a* R**s* s,isgK sffissa ***$5 ggigS SB - » S3l *6865* 56*81 8*3*665 *5*5* *§£&£ 6*556 8**53 5*188 kKrSaS"' S‘S'r'.S jQg“'p:&JM ‘'‘£^3 2 S2i2R S'SSiX!* "'B-'ftS Jig SR £fl£~2 gssgi gggg&ag *gfi$| SHI* &*|** 155*8 55156 F*0"*' RPr’ ««*» -* t; R “rtS* SS1 &S *111-11 INI* **11116 l-lll! III 1 1 Mill iiiii Miii r- *- £ Mi-Ill Mill 6&MIII iiiii IMS! iiiii Mill 16151 si £ ■ * - « mm mu sfins! mil nm iiiii iiiii iiirI y&s S' a IS8S85 5**8* 6JR55568 *5*83 585*6 8R6a6 8**58 £&i££ . »§*65 **»* »*®RA U S3 ««? «ii5 vm «n« sk«hS r?s-2s p» ££ RKRSi s***® 6*165* 8*881 *66*256 *32“'°' “'SH2 3>?;“g'SS'£' HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 225 Si i 1 1 a i is fcl IStSI 15 “ J ' f Si I 5131 IS Si 1311* = - - - a Si! I i ! i i ! r! IkISS * " § £i£ SlliiS SilSSia =r ”:"'i '■ 5 ~ i SIS SSiliS egss«ii gls. 2 3 a £ m mm mmi ats s3*!!* Kssr® * ' I as° is tmm sjrfa -as" s ' ’ BBS* I ^ - ifSi !S~ »§a SB* I i i &S3I&IB ar — ~~ £ ! i S i i i ! I i II II I IS 1 !!! fill!! iiillll " i iii sumi issiiii m m\ is £8j|i S3^ ^ m 3SSI is Hisfff lei SH 8 1 6 1 M iii ££ 3£&~ - ~ ~ SSIBm S£i I IS 8 I £ I M iii £!? °iC-“ »« -*« ^ «* ~ S5i i IBI il i iii MINI I i S 55 S H‘ * Hi IHi li i isl *i i i ii i js is s * * SBIISSI Si!?!!? 51*131 S3S is 13 3 * * » " * SBBBS&S SB58&3 3BB53S SIS mses* a*®?3*' *«* 32 * g&Bssia asms sia&g m gS^llfs ga'-gSRg 3 iaisaas %ais»L£ sisiti sis tiits-i i im eg -'Sft# S” e«s s 551 iii! i its! JPJP »*“ £31*111 iile! && r~ 3" 33S3I&I *11** Bfi s* « 3 SBSSISB 1 1 SSI §2 a« RS 3,33, B£FB££& SS&SS R$J£RS CV OJ *&***§£ lsl~S it**™* -«s« fsiifli si ill£ ei ** 5 — *aiB83l SiiSii li «fe 3P 3 i i ! i i i i i i i i i iii ft& I ifli 3$ SSBI8S3 SB&aS 5R3SS5 *BB R£s IBS BHltf «»* 5SJ&B** If i I ft 3BBSSB 511 B* tigg* hVV Saiiiii iilSi 11 ii i I i i i i i i j?j? ?£«» 3SS 5*13* B555BSS 51151 226 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 3 m\ ~ dd 5.«SII u a* • m\ sss i Is ~~ - i tm ~ S§lfla f ftpgg g gjps? OJ CJ & £**» & ^ £ ~ a a i 33 ii i m\ ■ n\\ £ KSS £ g gif'! £33 1 I HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 227 w IS? 10,271 3,001 V 1 !I S M i 5155 1 m p§ i **«»" Hi 23 pi SEiS « ~ m -x> ~ mm $51 81 18 23 "* is| £§! 5551 ! r-H cnr^\ |i i IS CM CM ii!i si-i f 2S&3 ii 3232^ RR i SI i i || i i|i |l !|| 18 is i esi 3 jgei i 1 1 MSI s Si!! S i if £ 55151 i S» » || i 3 3 51 S ESI a ~ ~ 38*8 5511 i Ii jr^cvj i 15 CM SR&5S IS -*3 lilil P £ f~ Sfi*l MJV, i ill 3 511 i 15 ^ r-t rH s s s |MSI i S !|i to J-* IS\28 i $3 f 2P* P™ |i| Iff is 2 So "ss** pifis p 5^ 2 sai 1 -3 ssiS S3 $ 585555 sfHsa sEI s3“ 51 i 855 32 3P2 Si 88 RS**5*8 S S^PP^S 158 , “'8? : $55 P8^ 853 58 31 S3 SI ~*s§~ SS$1 si3*§ ggSf. KRSK 2 5S5858 SSfe&S m 825 RS5258 SSSUBISR *55* PP32 ?3?S«2S 3£s 3 s-sr ;e if SrIsSrS leg || PS "3 S'” w“tr' ;l 2“S PSf p3*sE P'23 28 *5*15 is^s? 5^ **5 i l||S I555S5 S'^PS'PS Hp 2P2 311-228 *«*“&*■ 5351 ■-a “'a 558 |€||| HCJ^ CM CM 15* i& £§pi to O • s si 5 555518 ||S 3l|l 5585SSS S3 10 1*1 : i** Hi iiil! i i i ! S i i i i s s ii i 8*1518 sir m m in i i i i i i ! i i i lltiiii iii il i i i i! r i i| Hi i i Mill i i i i m*. 3 £££3 i r Sfi^ * i i S i i i i i i i i i i i i; S i i I ! i i i S i i It i i i i i SI 1 i 0 i i if t fpiei i SR P i i ! 5M 11 1 5J 18 531 i il i i iS || 1? i*i 3SI*2 2222 J? f£S il Issl *SJ S ig“' SISSSE 55*83* Ill 33s 555855 58*8 5*85855 PP^22S 5S^ij PSS2^P2 W? if Ij *85 *551 S 5HI5 &ZS ISS'3CT'S' P^K fp*i SvP0' ESS* """I Sippas? ©Is &PSpai° P3 3 mgS5 to ^ S8S8 ssmSks Ssa3"3S 2PS 1 rninto ; m 228 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 £i~§i i YB n? *£i£ g H5S3 **&!£! S53f rt‘ SIS CJ> IT\ SSI*SI ! £311*111 U * * *1 15 3 ISS* °*i is! ££ — £«u H v* £££§£ £ 833*855 » i£»S*** r ^ r*'* K\ cu K> Its! ££3£ a**'8 k\KW> giggig 3 **“ - § SK3Sff|| - |SI?HR alls H >£ ISIS £fl«*g SRC £SI£t£ 3 m — “ fi-j5 M ^ •* ’■*'*•+ $ RSS558I 35 — ■ - iiiiii Mil, & asss sai i°i SU^P «,* V£>VX> vO |is iiiiii i SSI 1 FI sDvO Mill! i ! 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INI si ! is sli* 1 srj ! *11111 INI* ?&iS £ ff 3 i &!!!!? f I i 12. s8il 2 2 r S. i 2**121 si 12$ i«si a-'" H "* ^ &**l 111*2 SKa*2 *2I?;8 i SWISS S2I28 t\n «***»* -s S R &KW «K«e MS* & R23RS3, 333«R Rrie^ 2- | £ SSsIsS «~S8! s««E I *£&£? *aS8! 2812 O rf-J - --~i 22222 S22 *2®*« S3 £2222 221 ----- SS 221 il 221 S3 3 S3 SSRS* £r£ 2**23 *a* 22IB&S 228 i$m m *2121 zzl % 52228 §2£ s 'gtgSi&Fi *"& - *SS*S ?*S § 230 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ! i ii i §£££ Uiss S3& lies Mi g^g R &S ,rtjrH ^R2~ ! i 188 isia i i i* 5SE& MM! ®®S?S I?! £££1 i i i j?a - ! i is* ii i a i i IS K ££§£ 1! Isa II! SJRHa R £3 ££I§ i i i iiiii §13 MIR ~~ $ S§8ii RS'®* S-"' i i i tmm ss*** ^ CVJ cv |i& OJ »H ®a*s §2 Si SI&SS irf r*~* 858 8K&&&8S £$&£§ Sis I * SSSS s&s&a sail sasss m sssseas »r?a £&! mt &laf S-lftRg i£*£ « m &3S5& WHrt |§,ovoo'a« a&SIS a “8 * sas CVJOJ^ IKf ££?& mu 5** a s^aa^ m ssjjhrss ww ^ HH<' P|i i i i 13 a ssss asaas ijsf "H*H‘ H‘ i i i pi i i i i pill i i i 1 i if a «£!%- i ! i i i ii i ! i i &&l«l i i a‘a M ! i i §!l i Mg S' ££!£ g- ! i IS ££ a s‘ * i i i 8*1 Mi! 1*1 i i 111 *ES3 S’iS'Sg m% hhi sHr g»ss» gS O'O^O 3S§«Sr8 &£■*«** ag$38 SR* Kr^a M 3Naf; £Hs S&jR&IE |tRR -3 3 £"3°' R*£ CU r-7 |Sp“.&*3 a^ I §§l£ 3 ! MIS g & 5§SB ~ “g. & SS|8 I R R8&K £ £&?* " sv"g f 3E£S - «§ i Mil! 1 ! IMS i i fi££ £ I ££& s? ffssg I SgjPS 231 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS p S £ R&l P 1 & a RIRIRI R 1 1 1 1 £313111 \~L\s -a p & a\o> a ap a " R a H " £3 P s t £ i 1 1 P 1 pa § a |l 1 IpI 1 1 1 1 1 KI3III If 11 I •3 & & ™p a - SS " rH CM « 1 ! 8 1 1 1 all! 1 1 R 1 1 1 1 sal I III IsfIS 3 cr» o> P PR 9 a a ap p 1 s s ill ? S IP 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i mi pp°r£!~ 339 1£ p p vX) S' s a If « asp s P £ * m £ M t 1 plglls i ?i£? KI5RII aft 11 a 5 * £2$ £ 3 n P 8 $ ^iS R i in PS ** -=* A k I 2. 222 2 « S g f t 3 2 s e« i. ( S' ^ £PP §1 g s $ *& s * R P ,r'~~ P R I $ I ?? R P P a iii i i ! ! £ p I 3 3 5 R R I 3f^!« | | s 5« | g & ft £ && 3 1 5 3. £ PS- 5 S 1 ss •y 1 I? P it £ *a ®s « xg 5 Stitt * £?*SS I I P'l 1 t 3 S&I&SS I 3 ^ ^ P‘f'°' S' P i PPpifi I 5 S'0'4 "P - r i RiiiiR i I I SSTOS i * £*»{*$ 5 & sm&£ 8 * 3^a« Sil i fISafla a&Sls IRK33 r'K'" RRSPP ^ SJgftfi Sap0' g'SsS Bliss !p £SSS§ tfsfl J aa ^ " »8® " 3311 I IS I 1319 i i i i I PS | 3 Sallill I3RII Hill a a ■* III! ||l III I |llii lili! asst £3 3 S3 IS £§£§£ IHpp apss asssa s ^spp aggpp 3*81 Hist IS S3? 53* ' ' ss "S - ®*S"'R R§a"» 2J2 BIENNIAL survey of EDUCATION, 1934-36 i ms H‘ i ! his s I till 3 § £sis * S3 ]£ i 1 •sail * $»§ Si g s ssr£ ! III? IBRSSfc £§£ &S I £3 £35- R*K ££ a§? SSI RK* M gfSaiB SIS 2S i tlg£S *1° ££i 8K * - - -- SS*«§ SU 5E5 3Sf£S> ^£2? srrrr m *r* RS&*i Sss SS3S3 SSIs $ff£ gSHGSfc 57?2 ST'" 8 SHI II HI III I illl I i&s/ *- * III! 1 1 S3! II I Illl! I it?i ii III 1 1 1 33113 I MM! I iii *- * 3*1*11 HUM Mil! I &S s' ** -HIM SSIISI MM! ■S.KE gS? S ttsm U%m f&ggS |j|t|t SJSBS* 5S3&S *®&*H S*6S£S SSISs £KS?5«R ^8!»trs mm sis RS-‘ 3 -"■* - - SSEBfcs 3 SIRS* ast&ss SHIS m mi HISS! SSI i££ SRI 13 Hi * 50 a a SSSII fa's H' Mi Ml SIMM & •jiR“ 5I5JS *8*8* SS58* 15158 s as 15815 US r irr-R i \xn £3P SSKSfc SSiSi ™ gte 1513$ - gs 5155 1 R RS S&! 18 a* 5 Stays' sa IS 1 *8 5R“Kg as " sg aisBssa 5eSi®«fi sIrSr **m §££*! 18551 5551- S3S1& ~S5-R5 S*&3* SsISs H$S»£ ISSH SE *3*®s s® ^*3 ssala *«s*8 is IS 3£SS3~ «*«$ •'aa* r iB££Ss *3S£S RR8J?S RfjS'gR ilglR **£* I!*?!'1 SS£»I SP.SS VD| §1**1 8383 8* Sfef&88 ®£5£l 555*5 "■r** -s»r «8I®8 S$r£! - R- SS8RR £55*5 ITN^ CO illqi vC* IS r Siiii^i Sr " iiiii li-il ifiii i * iS.iii IT» isifi i i i 15 Si ili S' IjSlil Pi sEimi RR irrn \m \ §s!5i 8 8 g ! i Igi iiiii iiiii i i|i ! ill!! OJ ii -1 iiisi i i ** - iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii 51 i Si GO OJ Mtji i III i i sig£§ nisi aeiss is-as sasei ssssb §ss*s iis?i k * ESSSR*tS s‘^s' *S£®£ *$** $***'« S*gS$ ®®S-‘ #* t 77228 -16 234 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 235 \n i i~h i i?i* t asas 07 -g «« 8t*i —si I «£3t °~ii i mi § i i ;i i i IK £ ill i «3S 391*8* It IrS a'-" S* «VJ »* *5£! S3 8 si its- s! S3* 3*J - ~ " Iks! Stl 51 i i !i St ir S« a® "s i BBSS* IS ISS3I MHi I £53 ass-s a hr - i 3£i His ISSN I isii \$n RS ^ a i SISSI i ! Mill iiisi I*£1ft 'SS™ R - ^ SSI I SSI 55 ""5 5S3* Hr S*l$3£ 55 ES*R IIS £E »»« -® iiil IIS ll*SSS yg i*;s» jp J8SSS3 aa SrSS, »lfi aassii gs IS”’3’ Sa'a’ a‘8"®“s' 33 ISIF Ssl SSSSSs £« rr1™ s- s^~ ~~ i I ftJSJBH slHI ISSSI H r5 ^KVJT, s mm\ 5SSSK um ssss 4RR?RS>& £PO?R« ffS'S?!'" 5SftS ?! &*$££* SSSSS SS3&8 S£HI i SkiHgRR SR&SS 8SRS.S £srs i istssses sasss h*5§ ms * ^53'°"«a -ssaas s^a-s a^-R I Hpisf tSRSS SHsi 3SSS OvOHBVJ JJ jj CUr-lr^rAlO vfi W H 1AM » 1 SI* ~ 3 i li¬ as l li i ™ as i *i5 R I 155 5 £~£ a rh £ £& I tt? * 5^ I *SS ~ s Hi is °i3 Hi a*-’ J si i «tisi i i S3 iiiii iisi in .h in 5511 is ! aa s* sssi sis KR R 'S S5SS SIS SSStSS II Sis* jgg jfstfjat ** sss* sat assias s% S£s^ ss" *as S-- -- i Still!* 1 1 I 1 1 MSI i Ml! I rrM I It *1 I IS i I I i I 1 1 I I a & * i &nm ssm *s*s§ staa - ggS*®££ RPRRR RRRRK SS5^| cJ cJ r-T i sHflSI sM*S *858! SSBS ggaaSRg 3883- aa^S” °"8SK 6 B?« R $&* TABLE 22— EXPENDITURES, 1935-36— Continued 236 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 |!g |§il£ IIII3 IS m* mss*! {jjjuSvO 888 to f- fsls R SI35 « -s i&ise mis is 5 ^ 5 8853 585551 O C^LC^t vfi OJOIrH 588 ** -s 5IM 5? Ml |II|S li 1 15 IS &= 5313 35|l li 818 1118 » it i* 5 8 M| ISItS llllf CM Ift OJ liii Miiii Mi £Ie£ §8?l £ p.5 m i SHU £6 HI 8j SvSirv ffc/HSSfcS 5155 ir> ix^j£ 8*8? m $§iia ms si 8883 888888 886 ?sss a*«‘«E8 6888 ss-s CVJ 11 «'Sf m i S£&8 K2*S 885 **a S888 a**j ms pi pin I85§5 38 683S88 jmSS 888 8818 — a S86t jsf&a" Mi MM! iiiii is g s&iBs 818881 rrsT " Mi Mi| R 51(1 R S2 Mi i i i i ! iiiii IS a* 8681 i iiiii 888 881 il!f flit 8 » 1 i i i i i i i iiiii l| |lii iliili ir> 881 mi lO Ml! its *yg$ s‘asas stilt 33 h'°'S^w l£SS §$S3SS UM £*«»»» tit 6368 *»“■ 8 6853 an VO- 1SS fPjf| -St vX> iTv K\-^^t CTiftO *i§8S £§ K^CUO, <^2 *.se| ss»p. sis 3555 H : : : : 8888 : : : : HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 237 s® HI KRIS II ! § I i« SSI 1 1 Bllll SIBIS I i ISI sm i !Bil§ §181 « '•‘S »rf * 07 07 B * 07 4 a'" ^ ^ s' " « Is H! sHiii! iiii* laili iliii SIBIS IIIBI BKI i is! i i iiii i *2 SRH* '• M 3 ~ SS-S £Srg5~ R-Bgff R82^ •H OJ <\J 1“ fffl ESS&SfcB rsHff £*J§* s3si~ SSBBB 3i££ff SBBBB §BS§ is ffga ||s*&aa •* kn3R"' ia^aa saffks 8 332 gasas ^33 SB K§ SKBSSS Ssii! BtBBS t$m *IESB BBBBB ftSBK &KB& ffa a*» ^83-- — - »3- ™ e*s-" ~a~- £S I?! BBIIIII Bllll iiii! iiiii IBM I ftilSS IBM! i i i~§ I! i i rfp h jj-jj: « « ~ *« 3 Wf- ffi Hi ffHiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiii! iiiii iiiii IIBSI iiii i 3 U* “ ' "R il ill Hi iiii Iiiii iiii! Hi!? nil! Iiiii Iiiii 1*11! iiii «R ~ J? S3 8*§ sH!a23 SSSBS §lils *£33* BBSSf «i£H eSISs BBBIB &b£ a© P|| £S$$jr*&8 ps3“p a^ga s*8,5ss rspp* k a-gy? 25^3 .*&§» £ 31 ™ SB SS8 tSBft&S 98IBB KBS* ^ 83 ©IS £';&££ 35&BS KBS IB ££SH ££ 5ffff 8*£8§ *8681 83 1 52 SIR ft8*88B ! IM I S3 1*1 if i ! !i I § jjft ft*** - *8IR2I8 ££££!£ i IM iff I! ! If i I |ft| § $£ *■* «, ^^'ok' « a Kv® 681ft 18* 51 1 186 ! 6IIII& 1*111 il if i ! 83 * "8 S ft * * * R8I8I88 81 181 1 I SSI 1 1 1 iiiii Miii i R3 RJ ~ ff S' ftS&ftftS &3I8& I 861 ISI £8131 l*M3 1 I 33&8S3R S' K? K'Rr SWMftS §88623 5 Sftftft** 88*88 2833* * J5S1S3 3S |R£RS:g £ p*™* * L 33 I R 281 is° * &*•*»-' -3. rJ-ss pas* ggw “ '*"'35rt m 3 8 1® - SS88S& «« 8$m 8838 333351? ss^sl 8 M 8 8 8|S383 $«**$**= i 1-12 3 OJ sUii&s ££s£r 2838 *3S|I&6 8*SSI 5 !i 3 * RP&I&& ps^a^p a *"3 SK82* 5“^ &g.^P 3^ ^"33 3 1 1 S3^S8iis IPISH as 8*38 5*388 3388 g|53a 3**“* 3SI2I38 * 88821 - ~a 8 1? 3 i § p ® HisSq g W I^=t v£> Ssi&iSi ! i I i SI 3tgSI I ill iiiiiii iiiii i It S' 3 81 11 1 1 r-l in « 8*3 3 8 3 S S 1 i ! 1 S i 1 i i IS 88888 ilii i i i i i 1 s liili i i8 3 iilii! I is*'®3' j? P HI i 118 i i I I la SSSgl iiii iiiiiii iiii) 1 18 p '» P VD iiiiii ** * 3 S8*”3 8 a a* «W3?S S3 t«* SkF5I si?S smm sHf i « I? 8 SHSrp SR*®*®* *$ CM |6»ga «»* *» *»»$ « s! 1 ! p— BS3 «WH$ ?| s'-sas H II? «$« 8383 l§§ 333*1 8. PP 8 1 838883 $ '"'"S R8 5R3 R'-pS ■rr0^ "p s 3 1 3 2a ~~~ Z l/ Figure* for 1933-34. 4/ Includaa unUemlaad total.. £/ Detailed analysis of expandlturaa not arnllabla. TABLE 22.— EXPENDITURES, 1935-36— Continued 240 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 | llftg t 3£§ ! S alii I i !£l& si IrI II K^w»s ~ Rgsis^a sriKi s * s £ a s BBSS* tfgft * iisffSSI ESS 1 1 *1311 I If I ! 111*1 !! w ™ * - - a s CEII9 1 *359*15 Si i ! ! t\ ! ! ! I ISIS SI I i i *1 ^ ^ * ft K\ » » ~ i £ ill I! iiill ! ihst&t SiBSKS ISSSS 13*13 il^s S* 3 ^Skaggs. j?a^a>R k'°' °,s~ f55 g£§af § IksSSf HISS 5113 i Isgla i lss~ SI a*asK *bssk s H^lss S® "a s * *"§ 1 **» ®5 «*ssa aasas s ass am *«s$s sstss sasss m sssss iiiii * iiiii4£ sn*i l*g*» s®5ia sssm zi gg 5i5i ***** 9 BBSS g SB**B*5 £*»£* *££§£ £sss£ I £32* ** SttKpii 3 SPLSttAJf® Sa£23 jpjr*© S'SkSS- 3 3&3 2£ *$&&= ass** 3 |*g*s *hs* |*mi i is is as oj in to r^vo st invo ir\vxT o o» w jjw j^in jn c\T M3 .=£ rj eooj^cjK) in in in gj rj ^ in rH st #h *lal ! Si 1 1 1 i SSI MiS Mill i I ill El i I i i i i i i SI $$ ~ g iiill mu i ssimi iim ism inn mi! is is i - « I i I i i Mill I °£i i i I i Mill Mill I £ 1 1 1 Ms i I I I II * j- £~i£* £9833 I SffSBSSB 53*3* 33*33 *s~3R ssass s'S'sg® »ISS* i ite-hizi a***5 3'sc*a asasa «gs$> sjj as $!££§> 3**3* £ IB83SB3S H33B 8**13 S8SSE SSSSS sosjps 8«8«& £ t5“:?s3 asks'0 as HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 241 I'M M§:1 £1131 'i * « - s 3! i ! i S if o ! ill " s 311 Mill 1 1 131 oj .o in li i l*31S 1,1 is i S' 3 pi's I ! ! i»8£ 88811 R “RlKr^ m stm tifii sis £35 R| ^SPia.S' IS& imR £8 SSI ssa s^as ||l l(5jgj |l||i i i i i i i IS i 151 i a Mi 131 i i i I III i its a £3883 ■r"°~ ^ i iff! 13151 S3! R ~ *'a' i 551 1185 ©a 1 i 11(1 ! 13188 ills I “S Iiiii gl ! 3311133 2“ ~R i i i 1588 OJ \0 OJ £IS2S - IMS! 3 13151 sfi R " i 851 i 158 »S “5 i i Iiiii 8S333 *s-£ 13388 *8*3 \\m m 3™ SfiX i li 13183 o » ~4 i i i il-a mm 1338 3 ^f£s 8§85( 351 tv,j5>!oS','~ “S\ 5 3513388 5 $£ ***& 8 1 S' s 38388 rrrrr Ilf SR?8( **3(5 -sf OJ ««* K*SKa Sis 3 5538331 5 &££'&S\S “ s 51 j 1 £ F 18135 £*SS3 ^KSSa 35S53 HpII 511 2 U i 3333 i i 13318 hV sil 8E583 81(38 S5i in oj oj eo in i 3311833 (VJ OJ K\ &I&IS3S » ® I SSSSS at i mi Hifetgt .-t rH KNK> rH 1111$ ISIS 88 H 2 8 l:\ll 3.600 2,100 i i fl^l |S ! ISlI OJ CJ f\ sss ! S SI I SI «i*sss rH rH CVJ CVJ rH IMIS R SS if SS 33 3 S 131 i £ ! i lips f !§>i£l£ 8 - 2 % || ISS r*~- r— irvrH 1 1 ! ! S SSI MSI Si! S| IsFSF IS ics § 1 3S3SS Fa Stuff feSI i IH rH lO OJ OJVjO S S S i s S S s s s S83S2 “'W CUfc SSI IB Fi I^VD KD SSI is |F IISF* SIISSSS sis is &SS&I Fs i S§£* 3 2?;? 8?£ F&1?sr * "‘as £SSf H £2 -?§§ fa SSr&R £S'r'-,“ SSS8&M1 £'8 3K!^“£ *f£55 pi^ 8££S£ S53SS35 2£8££ RR»PPS8 CVJ Sill FF ss*i a* CVJ • H rH mn ?? 60* C\J O ITNON rH rH sms 60 C\J rH zmm sff»a S&fM SSsSiB IFFF£$8 &5J58.SS 2g8“-2 2K FUFF p&FF IS H-'i r SiS8| 8J oj »h cvj c\j »h S8ISI ~ & sssss mis S88SS&I 2"'“' ^ S«S2f *£&& SS 32"^ SI S i i C\J i i i i i i 1 il Si Sit & BSISf SS* * IFpi ||iii£ii CO rH rH rH i S i IS s P.i*. *1 1 SI 1 : i S 1 i i i i I i i i i i i i S i II 1 SSfeSI RRsV® i i i i S S S S 1 s s s IMIS ssig ii \ II I 1 ! i ! i ! i i S iii 1 81 i \%\t ~ CJ 2 S S i S i sssss SSSSSiS SSSSS 38 is f® 1 s? 3 " t SS883 &3S 8 II $3 assays » H » ITvh- fsiff imm am $?i** iavfss® F£§FF {j^3v§ «§fl Is i SIS*! *R i 1 SMla j^a"* 10 is o>cr» IF1SRFFE oo- kmt | «3«S& sm ^£'£“r'- SP32222 fl&S* * FFFF fF ] 22-^ 2 i I Is I s !i * CT\ H S S I llely controlled BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 iiii Nl-ISli 1119! IlSIi Hiii IISI& iii 58! I 3.2 ~ Iii? S3 lift! i iiii! i iii* Hi i i i i^s i i i £Si i s. 5 *3 ^ - as 'oa'oj iii£*ISg§£i SS3IS& MS^Si 1*11* 3SSSS iii &SU! ~3 ^ "S 2 K'3S.*K' ^ i sis mm\ 51 3& III II H&IB8 St3?9§ £11 S~§i PSfc ^32 2'S'S' SS32.3 233~£ 5S? SJP £.3^ 33“ *&a* igyfsi 5i&§8 &5S5S s°°is «as ~3§S Sfssss-’ KgKRS sasis RSJjM ®j*#s fja gsss, ! i If if! i Si i Mil! i i ! Ife ! i I i I I 1 1 18 ssi III I 33 * * 33 iiii gl i i i i i iiii! i i i i i iiii! i i i i i §§i iiii i£i° -si i i i i i i iii i i i£i i i lift! i l£&! iii -iii - || - g ss 3 sm i m*& §*£&& is™ %$Mil 33$ as§i * 333-3 £82333~ 33333 SS'S.gPi, J?3£23 33g£S 33"- 83.3 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS Si i§lft a a si iiii \ • gi& ^ Re £U £§3£ £ sas*. H Iiii *S **fe II «« o — &g t\ *i*i i i !li& ! ! I lift ft si .lllft * 5 ftl alia « 3S&]8 ft! sift a as ftftftftll* ft&ftft 33*!£ft 23 SIMM Iftftls lift® * ftfts U-*4 i* i » l?~f S s I fsii Sftftlftft si 5ft I i M IftftlE 3 a - R~ -ss ftftftftl I* sifts 83ft I ft? sS £si iiii if il i*** * a*** £s£ ®nft » iftftllli Sftli 3! if is ££ 3'M i i i Mill sis -r 3 s a - -- a SSmfft £ESS 5»S§ftl ££ fsiiii m\s 3f£S| 2 $$"$ 2S3.ZR2 SS f1" •'"'a S' IIkSSIS rsls HSISS *1 £££«*§ SHIS ESiiri fin aSlSSS S* 3 2=ss£ 2*“"' “ ftSSSlftlft ftftl ft £&£§&« ftft a£li£i ai-ls saft«a - 3^ § sa***® ** ftfaftftift ssiftft ft»§»3 ss ftssm fRai~ ^YSr~CT' *- 5?s~^ pia's^s ^ r* ^ ^ w S£si3i& ftftftft £ is§s“ ftft si i i i i i isi i ftftft a * "'« S * ** *“ ^ iiii i i i (lift 3££i i i i i i i i i i i II II I ui $ **- fftSM i i ssiS mtK K& 81 i i i i i SSit is® ^ s £ * ft&ffftlft ftSftft ftftISff RR fR5“f§ £&!§& H3*ft-'9 ***3 333 Sft ft*"**- - ~~ a* KN fH £ftffsi$ ftftftl sfassft ft ftftftISft Mft§3 Ijggsas? * &s^s| ps^vR^Sv ae &rfK' R“R SMI! iiii | i ! i i iiii i i i i i 31 i i a iiiii iiii ftl 33ft ftft£3 Si pi gftftl ftlftftft SSftft £§£»£ ftffiSE asss i a a ! 1 5 1 I 31 -» t 5 1 I ! ■s “ f % 1 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 nn\U 81 i i i iftis I iSI S &13M SI I ifi iiiii 911 i CfO ~ <5 «* -H « =» rf - &r iiiii m\9 Mill 9UM giiisi Mill SU i ho m £0 ^ •*■»- ■=» * a -=*■ £lsii£i iiiii Il*t8 11811 81311 siiigi iiiii iii 58 ff'® " *" S 3 S « SSF&IRI IlStS 3853SI RR&I3 t Itl £1 IS3H IISM k ^ K'ir'K's‘ vcvo“ ” s a IRtSHta ss3~° 3s~r§ Sim I SI3S IIStlBt *»&$& 111 j3jttK' ££ ^g-SS SSS'1*' «. r-~'£- ~ ISzB £fa§£ £8£8ft &3&S3S !£>*»£ $3S Sg^Sg??,# “|oP^ £§£&$ 3S$R* PPLg.S' g'^RS S'SSS'J? ST°3 Si mm* tms ens stiKsa sm *msi *°ih §i§ g^ss"^ K'j?s 0> M N iiiii i i i 13 i i i i 1 If I II iiiii iii HIGHER INSTITUTIONS H Si -Si || |i iii si Si i 12 i iii $ ii? i ftfell i§£ ms I 1 35 i r ^2"- as sem '££ S^aRS? 2&R si Mire m SI £*&& SSS " -a in i> iii a P.i? isHf RR R fffi i 3SS I I Hiss & S a cJoj* Mit Ktstl ?l i i i 8* ° “ £ «3 kv* -« w ~ ™ 8“ * 3 II il H»i i SHr 2&SI i SiU SRSS «SSSU aiss sfse MU fffli sss 88181 ujrj ry RRS5I RRRS SWK gfgSR if 3 Hr a? »a ss J?2 3 £*2si8i ■5 NW 88 S'* 8 8181 tl&Mi i S*> RRR ~ 5SSa*fi& *£rr a- S HIr SS3SS83 s sr R£$ssar- I RR3g 5R53RR& S MS* £1H5“ *§«» sES?* 1SSSB S &S5® *2™* i$"~" * e s £ £ am msssR 8S~ SgAiPSR" His *&$8 II Hi S&R3 SSS"' IS r a i 13 i ms **s ss»s His HHi i*»« ~~ S£SI ssi S'"* aa HHHi i RRRi i s« Hssa sss ms sms sas&s SS9S s**~R SEB** 15 ~£ is I IS a II 3 £2 *? II ma reams 'ftRaaoj I § I 8 R R £ SR ? ? R R 5? R I U HaH R&3 as * ar ™ *m area* ama ££8R 5*8^ "'S S3S?S'° SR& I3r&r!§ RSR2 ji|J?8iSS8 srea sjps«88 51 s K i a I 2* ^ I a? I H la *8 n SR is S IR £ I? 3 r£ -8 TABLE 22— EXPENDITURES, 1935-36— Continued 24« BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 I § & mss sssi ns i§s s %*\ o o ^vg as ssesese s mss i ££Sr-g.vo'i8 5 «K'°'“'“' S' S' gi$l !*?£$ i§e i ii i§u ns i ne mis i£z i*i I a a R|~ a a‘s -- as Hill 118 4 S « sei i i i a-5 i SI 1 1 13 a S SII84I H&ssas I ISIS U° - SSS8II a s,o “kt ^sct'k' 9 siseise § isis** esssiis ssass « S£Sf*S «*™e= 9 ijjpKSS $ ;** 1st issesei e lisas S3**16*5* s suss eassiss iieei 'S&^S'S^S R SjSflRa, SMSES' s^H&s! s satis linen issss giwa-a" a 5 j SISISIS I K i ! I 1*1 I i i i f I i i ! ir * 1 a ~ - » ras '®rf* ess asjiRf0' ss'K jjovogvo sggj. mei sss Is*" s seem * g-a-- s £§t&i: rt Srt !!!!!!:! § II III I rr! ISIS ! Mill' !!!!!!! i i i i i I It 1 1 i i i «« * i SSI Pll 8 S3 18 I III ! i ! i ! i S IS i i Ml III IS S * " * *H iiasstf § m* emm asm &?§ iKSISl 3 l»SsS ?£**«*» ssssa ij£»s g*E EsHIsS s £s3$s ^||||f $£3M SISiS Kss £rrr.srr si |g ^a a g»l»" s^ssrs 3,ss> i II I I II i 3i$!!i OJ « sissis ° S‘8 rH ^ OJ 8 a o» i U i ia S53& 8I5E m Hi i i i i 8 i mm ij S3S8S8 lili is 3 g rA CVJ r-4 rH »H oj oj oj R l-r^i CO ir\ rH i i i i i 5 SSS8 IMS i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1? ffi i if i i i i i i i i EES" E aa a i i i§IS ***! ill! ! i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i •: ■: :£ 4M i i i i i i i i i i 07 3 5 OJ OJ OJ 3888 88 e8 -SI * § 13335% S| 85885s 338838 S SiSKra*!? |m r^tf-.cc 'jS££'RRRR 8 5- a-'aRss “1 OJ *Ra&55 R ~21IH -Hi *8r& Hi 3555333 5 i E38385 S3 HrIrs IsIHI 5 “3“'°'Rg; tm S,2pS£K'S5 S o 5 SRR^Rt; ssaa'01^ S 250 BIENNIAL SURVEI OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 388*1 1 Si£ii£ ASS ~ ™ | ****11 ill!!* 21 2i 3 $ ppii Si£i:£ eo oj oj 8898*3 RIRS8S a^a'ssbs « S3 8 sing* aees*8 csWs a-aaag *3**88 8*98*8 838*** 8*«*** * * * i At 3 * * i i *■ l § & & 5 S 5 § i 5 6 4 ***8&B 1888* * SS33 i § ! ~is~* g»CU^3iK> ««}.*** HX cA £££»* g » -H- L *3398 t 83331 i i 8i3£i t WM H«(M WOJHWCU Jt SR>filO~ SIEIss 8s*s£ 4 ESi E -*3? -3--- » g-sj §! &iggS i IISSisR fcfia *»»« Rg s" 2 Sla»s! ffgfs® S SSStBs SSsES | 2!?“h -saa"' a |RsS"-rs saa-H IrSIIE R3a*R £ £*esm SS2S* SBS'gs ii$H i 2s‘ss‘* H3KSS S8S5SS K I ®IS5SS *SfS% t *S«SSS* I333S a 8* uARnn 5 K^sra'Va ttsaa1* 5**883 3I8*S8 *■ - ~ ^ ^ 831 !!!:!! j i I i if s * * 8 s 8 8 * * B B 1*888* 83*8* 3 38*8*3* 88*38 - S8r“vo 5?3 " ~ M i 8~i I 181 i i ! S i i ! i i i 13 8 i 81 i M i S&i i I ! 88! i ! iS i i i I i *8393* 893R8S garSRSgSP S'SSS^ *38*33 338*8* s&sa^a* * S *38883 839 B* * *3**133 §3838 § 5 |3*S95 *3338 8 fp65 8* ***** 8 8 838383 S883* 8 8888*33 833*3 3 3 . ‘ * ‘ £®S3»3 2JS33 3 S RRR*^S?3 A'0’. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 251 fuel m\$ * - ~ si hmxi m\* ! 1 liiii iiiif « * h‘ * s 3 I S&i 1 1 i i §s i flsli 8381* I vsry&s g g FiSI~ F£fll t fc-jS.&PS' Si52?S$ 8 2 S&S& 2~n~ 3 3“fC^ a3rti5S; 5 E&8SI §S3§2 £ hV" "“"i * I ! i i I i i i i §> f $ £ i ! i i i HiSS f * S i i ! i ! i ! i IS ! mU S16B8S & RJ § *8*5* 181 S 3 2 WKjor- r-.cvi £ i*. IN 252 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 o.c 'll i %mu § g *385358 mn mm B 8 ft st! ess&i t S sS sssss ssasa SSSSSS E § g SSi cr*ftt cm r^o> St »H »K rl OJ O* r-H K> st r_ ■* ft -r ft Si ill! 1 i ~~§£pH lifts® 811 135 s ft 881 HiM « 3"-* o i&iim *ss #> 3,5 3* ir^id inir> st 2*2* a e* i is Si i i© i $ i Rallies i i i i t i i 1 i ia * £ s 881 ft“ « ft~* 2 j-^r J- ft s* ft idio H i if i i i S ! i i i ^iiiii i i is* I i i ! is i i i i i i |* $ SS 2* « “ft ■R SSSSfc i ! ! i ! ! i i ssffpff i iftls §i i i§s 8 £ VO PL i i i sa»gE lf>in ssSi&l o’ o’ *si ftft * S S ftS8§S §11 1388 § § *§i§i£i !si is tit i n * s s 5£3 SSI!' I Hi g 8 £|8*£f*§ H § i ^ ii St s £ III 8*§*§ R s Sftiifftf. s§s*i S8SISI r*> ft 3 Sft8 sfsn gagtsS s 5 sgiss'g's Usii EBBSSr E 8 1 fsl ^ ft rH ftj- ■* ~* £3* ^ ftftft rf* si r- ft ftftft &K888 mm R 10 o_ SfiissS si§^ ftiftlfs s ft $ 5 a $RRS£gR R-'ft 3L |is*Rs$ ft ft CM 1 ft 1 IS $*86* §^§§88 § 8 SSisSSS sIH ££°§£S f 8 S isSU miii tA S # isgRSSR iiiM ss»rS( £ ft ® s sas gVO^CKV 8* • 881S&3 mm I 1 kftiisfti £§£§§§> ft g ft §11 il*S* 3 o a S£*8l»* i*i i ft ft a i IS* 141 681 401 100 180 fifties § 1 isrksrs ms* mm § i 1 ill sj^ta&s ft |£2‘s*s‘s£ *~8RS 2 i i ft8*2 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 253 $5* SsS&ES 83§ lss§*§> Is2s®H I * 8 SSSI 5zs*n SS same 885 PSSSS pf 5>S«** ppsp £ 60*0 r-< r-« rH lO lO ^ r-« a 6 mS 5BR3* mm ®* 5 55 ii psis VO CM* ii; 55 S i 15 Ss S i S i i i i i i i sfS§!l® Pi* §S CU~ i i s j £35£ s**l K?K?8! ^ I! 1818 s si siiiii R i ; ! m s si: »» * ii: ! i i i : i 881 RIBS 55 ^ £5 i ! a KA O 3~2| 81 1818 a si ita siiiii R i S i i i i ! i i iii iSiiii iii§iis ««*€»* cf i i 8 iftiftifk i 333 i 88? iiiiii ii iiiiii i i i i its S& r i i i iiiiii 833RiS8 ms a «*«* i i 1 VO 5 5553 alii sssrt i ! i i i i i i iiiiii Si: sslisi III £8,5 §§§ i i i 52 S &Sis§§§ si slsi i a g 2 R RR*5 as&s iiiiii ii iiiiii S5S&S1 m »»3§*§ «fgs£i§ § a i ss** 5S™§ S3 SKIi&s SSi'S spsp pi 60 VO r* ^ S>E^R Rgaft&R £ s g E*S£ Him RRR“ “ ^ 15; asms VO CM* ss£ S5*5§§ && sfsIH SssslSi i 5 8 5“3 5 888888 “288sf S*5 3S*SSS8' R « 5 Ql 8&R S2 2~ £*ss&3 *£* 8S*“*R £SS S88SM »§8 HkSssI 8 S 3 S$8I K5S5KS 3* “£§§35 s*S sSkssp, vO«dT CM* *££ m** ?PPh CM* CM* 8 B R efbm SRtf- 388888 M rs&rr ssissi &»**§§>§ 8 1 g RSRI 2l53§S §2 2S*§25 *52,52 £ |SS 5S2 ^ SS 3SES S * g 3 3°^“ £*$*§£ 88 SR 825 Is* B88SS5 8§8 s£88£§ IB§S8 8 a § 3SSi 3*fs*i 25 8§ii3i gaf^^R ;«V JjJr-o^«0 |3£22£2 ~ * 888 5S5S5.S SR 1 2 I 3 I 5 1 I T5» I BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 254 O 1 §3°fs £ I58&SSR SS&aB RISI3 33SSR IRKS S 3rss’fR 3SSSS asr mii as CVJ* r-T -T IBRRI 1 S5SI3 El&l 1 R5RRR r fR & 2| 3ES 1 a « Hti*S RR - - *" 1 s,S 5 1ISIS * S - RISI i 2 8RIRI Mil! i 5sl§i£§ ii * s* 1 ISIS Mil I R IRRII k-'sr Mil! 1 Hllisl IrI Is §111 1 lgs!£ M 3 8S R a s' Mi i RR -.‘m 1 ! 1 ! i 1 SSI i is* 1 IRI i 1 in 1 3»£s§ 35 ^ inir> R s Sf«"*rf §£Hs $ mms §8 U 8 sisaa £rI£r see?* § *SR9S a#ar 3S5RS RR -T-T r-T CM* •“* §£»§£ a SSIIISS *3*3'* siiia ISSSS as»*® a jtaH&asU? 33*3 gvjnvoov Sgass 3 2 §*ssa a 3 £*£*&£ nm *85*1 SISSS £ RS2 3 gtf S aiss* R“ * §|S|§ S' SP»*« ^ii^l *$*25 VO* S3 £* O>60 &£®S S* SIRS £ sSISilS Ir3|| S1ISI in BS -'"3'= -3- sssss laiig 1 siE5 MUi f •*" ~ s-'-'-'s - isf&s sails l "'sSS® If S £ - R- - Mill 53113 I &R » & ISIS! £$111 I "i ~ ii s ISS6S 581 is § 8Sst® M | 2 C*J H HA H Islls ISilS § "* sr g si S *i£l*£ SselS I SsSSS SfBSS 5 -w 2 vg-r •!*&£& s«»8S j =ss** is ss s §»SS slssl § *ii*£ mu t nT tU rH r< r-T •-> J3~ ISIS? SSI n 1 ®$e»* isUi s ISfiS 1 ssi 1 s ~ staffs §^SsS5 & HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 255 ssim s«i 3S8S*a S*£ S3 IS«SSr MM Ssiili Iasi 5SHJ‘ * * “ ss! i£i « * 115 ft s S885S6 ft Is* £83‘s»'= * rb spiigi 115 SS8SIS Slss Raa t as §1 i 181 3 n, i iS S' iiiiii iiii RR R ftftllll ft- 1 ift 1 R ?msi iiii as s* 296.274 100,000 7.000 165.000 £i§ * i vr> si i iii am ii if i*ii sliila srfs®s 555 558 R 5SSSM sS£S smn mi 33 ^ 10 « N ssiiiss gJ«SS“^ Hs Rr salsift 5558 558825 ft*!* 558885 SSft £ *858 &3 ftftSg i=i is? Si si is " «• « - sSIISI gR§§»3 s*~ s»i s? M58»S 5S81 iiii S gsea Siiiii » OU^VD-VO Sis -^ft asmi ssss SS**”! r*5' 888 £121125 11 85 2 * RRS f* a i i r-< 0 -3-* r-T * Sk IO K> i i ! 5S§ IS if fi *§ irv ir\ 0 s £H * * 8 K R M^CM* CM* VO* i i 1 *§£•§! i 5 i s£ 8 8 »«- * 53 *8 a' * i i i sal Iiii 81 Si i i r-Ivo VO* 8 i i ! ifsiiif 51 § R iss 1 *' ukinru* i c\T *8 ik 1 I i i i 551 iiii 51 Ift § ft 8 8 *? VO !- Kk ^ 5> 3, £!8 :SS .871 ,000 ,000 ,111 .629 Si 5 1 RRS SftrS«8 gs 5ft 8 S \OUNH r-T in rn RR* S5SlISa s§ 88 ft 1 •o*«o* sia-'s's £2 *8 5 8 888 asF»ias 8* 8ft 8 E RSS Slf sis' 8 8 ft ** -zf CM* iii MS*88R 5 ft h’2^ iii *$* 5 1 S Hi i i^| 58 8R 5 i r ir^r^ » 8 ^ assas ns a siisi vm ” as " !lll! HIS ss“i 32 - as i? IS - m i Mil! SSIS 83"& as Hill SSI? ft*S SOK? 88581 *£££ 88588 8388 ^ ~ £Sk ~ 85H5 S®»** vovo* MISS MS* ilsss sss® - £Ss ^ * o\ o I Jl g I i i? ! assss is§f s -jgsjss HI | M rn' ^ =11=1 gSsS I »«•«# ffas | " I TABLE 23- PROPERTY, 1935-36— Continued 356 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 I 1 I 1 I > u I g £ SSS ii *S3 21 rtvc‘ 3R 8 SSi&IRR * fttf&g 8 m Hi uZ * EM gRRfSSS Hs ESI is* *R6 3838888 §’$# 8R*gg£ si^" -- ~ - ft Rggg Sis 1 If SR 1 SSI MU 8& ill ££»§§£§; III IIMI& £~Rg i «• if S3 f i HiHii s »» « « * to a H in U 1 88 II 18 3£s 1 1 1 mini in 1 1 1 1 is MSS " i Rrtff sis - » a- in if 1 11 1! '1 ill III eSKRIII III lima Mil ? UH » * i if sa 1 MillS SIS 1 1 1 ssgfm in liillS RI88 a w* EE ioir> o" s s S agsgsgs s i R $£ ill &8 1 Hills ISs I 1 I 5151112 1 1 1 IS 1 1 II Sis* £ a 2 2* {? 8*6 SSSSS £ ni nT s cvj" R8 8 K*g8RR 3SI EM KSssM* US £8889% 89SS SR * MHff R aai J- K> ffi HzHii m Sr*Ss* ~ - * assa a--** 8R 8 gsaass S35S l«» RHR8RS* SS8 RESS^g *3$ • 5Kg*8g Se si 3*S £»**»* 85l3 Si3 & CVJ CVJ ” § Masts R ?S3 RRR MsStfs &*$ SS»83t S88R *g Hi MS sfjg |s jsi iiH * cw oT SS““ “•* ~ •H VO r>~ Cvj *•§§ 1 11511° 3*8 EM 588*8*8 388 SgsfSS, 3R3S ss lOO 5S S RM^Rj gsiss s ii? *g MS i*i& a J** K> r-T * ill S§ i §gfi§» £l£ III 8&g*8R8 III sag ass R8R8 3-R s§ rf a*» &sa NS? asas HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 257 ssSHS Sr S1SS§1 Slsi ISESsli sSSU SISH SS§£§ iisiii =s 0sissi iii ifissas iUi HiiiH Hwl isiii isse1* in rt - 5 Hifi? is £ £Hs RS3 Sffis «S8k & 8 «®§5®£ 8 8S SESfas # a f CM* $8K§ ^*m* 5S8S8 ;; r'gg ON 8 * S' A «Si£££ pH rH H rH rH 8 «-T VO* 381888 §8 e 5H& RS3 8881* SIS8‘ B 8 sill If 1 II S' Hr sa® a ag 8 K r- vo e CM* CM* CM* KX h -* 88m i 1® a VO Hi! a ftf ££iis 1 ! If s 8 SUMS 1 Si i 3 lTNC\f K> rH* * i i ^ VO* MiM! ii j Mm 1 1 i III ! 1 I i II 8 8 IMIM 1 i ! i hnu a 3 3 2I!~§£ is $ ~£~l 8 RE SHI i 8138 8 8 Him I i 1 R& *$« «8 r~ m **« M& a ag « i S CM* CM* CM* K> M* p-T SISESR if 3 liii 888 mu 1 1 18 i B SIIS88 i M *a *f*f ICS §§»«* s 8 1 a iH p 888888 ii a nii iii B8S88 3888 £ £ Sf&BBR 8 H *8'8*Ra Ss < ?s=3 iti imi rss 85BB88 § “ CM* »T»^ OJ rH VO M '1 ^HHrtH VO S^ifiiB if a essi Ilf BBS 83 SSI* 8 8 eiggsS 8 If S' E?l IT\ 3»aa s®a H§83>a i i 3CR688 3 RR VO - ON CM g§§3 II if s S'S'S'i m if ssi i^ii 8 3 831882 s 8S 5I*8R* ss a IiS§ is* Isisi l if a s 883883 3 ii 8 K> OJ r-T * R Sf 60KN H rH ITN ififi* 88 s I sfi III 88888 i^S 8 S ESSiiE 1 lTNf-> •a SS8S kSS^S'S' s sr s S j*" ^ 58**S» R 8® asm* £s S 8888 888 S8SS8 8888 t 8 383888 I ff A BsS* 8SS E33vg i i £3?3«3tt 3 3m HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 259 83§S R ifi i Mil I Mil i §3§3 R iiri I mi R £S&S S 8«**R I p M CM rH 1^5 8 RS * 118 i I moV o> i sfSfs*? eSsIs SSSSIS SSiJS S*S$g 3SSS3 SSreI S3S1IS SsHs sisiess sasr ssS i ii ii s*ssa iisas $s'si$ HHi sis's? £0^* C\T ~rH* ^ rn' rT cjl^cyvo* K^BI* » CM*r« -,H* ££sSs SSsS- S£«§3 338RR Mi® asm Hi«« i^’sa «*kS »H »H r-T C\T r-T «H rH (\T gj r-l SKSgfgi: sis 1 1 si-i* isi&s isafS«5 a sr b si is "' *' isiiiss iiiii iai is. 1 1 1 if sins mn sissi sun mis as 2S-V a re ss*5 « S i< i~ * » SseSsS?. Islll SSsIS sSISE fiSSS SI5SS SSsrS $1111 ISHi ssbshb* is ir s is ssisi ssis* i ~ii \T>rA «H cu rH rH C\T r-T (H »H rH N K>H 33 SSI ISSS ill I I iiiii si s*s »s £ o^» gfSIsSI gSS*£ SHIS aat is’s' siii” ss* s S& ssEisas ssi as «ms K'Sr “53 & 2*°' sMs^ 3S8*8 sis iss sssi Hi s e» R&3I888 £18^ §-*>* £5* *** i«E ®3 3 ss £*§£§§§ 88883 E8IS8 S$?»38si S»!f^ S8 3 Sbj* ^ IMS* 31838 83311 R81S& 33188 iiiii ss 2 i=» *is ss&k a* is * SSI15 SSSSS sccil SffH iSSIJ $$&§$ is & iiiii iiiii iiiii i&ii sis is rH* ~ r-‘ r.‘rH*,H* 3 rH* rH*rH* » W*rt* rH* $$li~ £§**§ 3383* 3S5BR 3£5*& 83*88 Sf3 ££ •'5®!$® ££££ £3|£3 33h" I £ta8i£ 88IRR 58RR3 83233 33381 ii ss s*ess ssifi iiiii is«ii iiiii Hiss “ISIS gill? SSH S fiSIl silii is is -igss gssist $8553 r*$i «J in 8|gii s iif^ liSii 38888 £3888 8S8SS Rs&sg ^‘iRaff KMifRS 2/ Includ.d'Tn ^T5f teTldlngT.ny Want not IS' V inititutton. 5/ WgJa~f5? 1933=F.' -PROPERTY, 1 935-36 — Continued 260 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ii ii P gggggg Hi r rfH’ i ££ sis i ssifti Hi si «« ii Sg sii ~ g SM5® sag sssssssi sms i§si« ssns ss*gg Sis sSSiaig ssiis ^iisi iiiii »sj j,; o;»» jj »»•»•-• »• „■ - .-«• SSiSI crs SSIKSSS sgSSS msi sgi?s H m ii im esis* "a® as' r NN OJ* »® -T ft-T ssias sas saiassa as&is eg- a« 2^ asra*" * s is ii Hil is >-<*VD ft ft i §,2 S3 g* S3 H vo vo hv; 3|8§8 OVVOKV- iiiii 222SI Mi88 g& ii i§8 iiiii * ~i g ISS88 flftH 8«l II S3*aa sis stags '•sass Jaggs Sf3 S1" ''NN K sHSI §§§ 8£*S883 ilHs §§S£g ***£§ STSS tee S£ SS*S §ss8s*s -rege **5gs §§£22 888 85R3BSS 15SS8 *8888 ™^§ gg*gg ass &imi HPi HSs Hi & a* — - 8d 81 § ii i 88i3il MS g ^ ^ « S ft IS iiii SSi8i i MS ft«l* ftft ft 5ft — s m* ft 12 iisi S3i£li He £2 MS |8 & afR « « a 38 ii i ! °§§£§i § is £S gg gggS* ® 8 ” - s 2ft 582° S88I& £H Ks up mm m 5- «*~ - - 5 S2 »§£° 8182S2 8S8 I » ^33:? gSSttSit 83* ~ g III! S88S88 e£s 3® si§ siim isi * ~ § 51 515 i SSISIS SIS 52 SS3 S5'S3-S l's'» ^ w 53 ££?§ ~§8||e §£2 3^ ftse^ ft2‘°“2'" 3^1 §~8g8 8|| ag*§3g3 g-ris 58 a S4 Is'®* SssSS 1st »Ss$e£5 si gS S'»S §£“'«'»** §§2H ^IsSS s£s3'§. &S3S*S ®8*" '5RS ~ 38 SB* 8S383 21122 Raises a a S3*:? HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 261 SSS is? mss SSR 58’* #SS8S fl-“* - 2 R33 sS! 81818 S&R 88 3 a S - s 83R IM Ml is " S i IS? iii § i§ Ip S " "5 CM* ££s 88 I 8 i S i S OS »® 3 3 I ~ 2 Hi iii HI iff Rtf gg* 8 CM* VO* RSS SglSff jigs ss^ Urn, SSER s § I § I S38R8I* RIR3S R&RES R3R33 SRRR HI Hi ssis £ 2*v* is£ im s-’a’is ism sms iiss isms’ RftSS* " SR -*~~ “* " -- -- - *?&* SIN! fillifff SIISS R&S8 IffiH 3RSR SII3R8 isii » siii si « "’s’ sr$g is Af "*S« I si*’ 33 3*5* 3 oT - «f HIs S iiii HI Mil IMIS fflBSt Ml 1 1 i i if RliSU i g*55s* s as - 2* 5 -» — * - * » III i i iiii RRIIIBt sill? 88188 IS 1 18 SiRs liiill 3‘s’i ^ R* i I £* *5 8 « a* IsSP i iiii SHI ill RMS* RSIS8 5s m ms RIIRS8 ssss iiii ss i rfs is i* H af °^s* I is® 33 jcM 3 3 3 CM* SS3S § iiii SSISISI SiMS I8I8S ffilil 1115 S8IS88 im i si i a s s S* * s' = si s§ s'*= CM* CM* 3 3 $m ff IIII *38*833 SIRS? $8153 398£g 88SS 888 888 issi 3 isii&R grfaw sim ms& iiSi mffi 22,3 2 n 32 ~ ~ ~ 113 85IEF SSSJ is ^52 g*S»i sSSs 0 0 ^vo* 28t HI 81 Rifs ss? 33 i«ss 0^ r-T 3t 8 2-3* S IIII SI S8SS8 R8RK8 &»33 SflfS SIRR 588S8^ £ *■** ^;hsh irf«g R ffg ®5 rC CM’ £ rs^a ism m*m mu m *m\t uu UUi ** tf uiiftP h s <£ hh * * i rirS OC* CM* 88181 3^ISM £313111 Mile III 3IISII 1818 «R r *" S? £g~i* 3 r s -* ag Mill Mill 9918198 I If I® HI 1 1 1 1 1 I Ills II r s~* * 5 g'rf 1 Hass Mill M8S9KS 9811* SSI 888818 IRIS aa«‘ii l»Ra^ 9 < ^ <**f * i i s°' •*- - a 89 III HI »Fla isas sa iM w si i RR- HIR !“ III III 8*81 88 « UJ I1 8818 IS III Ml 8891 S3 K? S ^s IIM 1 1 III III ff M SS 1 S II III III HI 1 99 9 8SS ii 8*8*1 *89*8 ssisrs* mas as 1 rirsss isir his §1 §§1 s§ 1 im Him ii MU U M i *t** i i MM ii if " -r * - ? j * * - SSK& fam 8988088 I28§£ IH 8*8$ sttK isfiK *tf m»* tfft* i*« fif*9*r im WJ-* rftf .-M‘^*M* 3*g^CM* CM* * CM* ft ims nm srosss 8**88 *©9 sis 1 is {[*&« §f *«* * *8 «■ 8*«*f §* | 9*999 s&ft ssssrrs 33838 si* rsrsrs sssa rssSr fttfs sasstf* 11 Ss»$«' fiuuf 3-^ Ari Sj^-TcJ M a» CM* jj anas* 9*9S8 floats s^is §1^ ksssrs h*s ilia's si s=s» * *s a® i®**-* ? i SSS9S 88988 ~i»Ss£&§ 83888 388 39S988 S58R agise p*d* £$&£&* i*s*s Raa *98* $S III Hi |p| ££ ^ Mf $m n 9198 iiii U «r hi a-a 8998 Si HI Hi Hal « #fS »a s SSIa 88 998 ill SS £R *»R R«8 8998 IS SJ*« ** HS 26* BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193*-36 ill- £S£ zSUi 2mtb Hi iisii HPi ns smi sms a m* “s “8” & i i i ism 8 " p Ml ISM I Mil? I is Heal isisis a up " " s N2"’ 5 SIS |S| I I a ISIS STS i S S' 1 ££? s*£££i. SIS ?am &8& E3*£& 8<^ agrf-» «'«««» 5 5 §i i§ ii § f?S£l i si s * s' « iiii f s Siam i kisssi i i iaisss i ssssss in W vOVOr-Tf^r-T s *5 ai^sig i rnsis K S S5 ft* 3 £ & £§£§£§ § sims s s giis'a^ s iiiiii ^ CM* M ^^‘cJ S 8 I fm§8 R 8 *3 ~ a 9 ^8R»S I § ££§§§! S FFF§£J 3 S k£°v“ s' RK®?** H§£ 8£if £ «*38 && * « iR8“ “ - ~F ^ 3£ £ 3 li iaa 1° 1818 ms i d as » -- « !1 Mil iiii I a £1 88-18 INI i ii i 3 FF ®&3f £§FF I «*£ 8&S aSws s' f~ i&§£ am £ 33 S'SS'S EMI 3 iRff" “ - sa Hi a hss § »S Is S s*8's' s' 5£ Ssl* SSfl £ ss iiii Usi s' O' * F SS8S R1S8 I £ KKgS «Kft'a' ' K Sill SiiS s "S sls§ *22* * HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 265 SsSgSSS IISss 5§£s* iiiiiti UUs iiiii SR*'**'** ~ ~ ^ ~ S' mm h§§ ml » aass amiss a*' * •*- - M “ sis'!- ssess um visit iiiii iris ~~r~ ~5 a slaSSIs sms 881 IE ssM** sr*Sa‘ I SR™ 5 R RREIilf iissi i i I i € 3S2 R 2 S SSIRSli iiifS Hi 13 SS s'i si"1 5 samss mss ssi is *SS6R»* a“*SS‘ ** g sU* 8 R RRI88I8 ill! I §§i IS s? is s assi *» a K> asms* ise®3 aiSss iismi Otis iiiii &*S5*RS HUS' 38SS& sill Is mss i?&* i f\i -* - SS&SfaS IskSI IISSs liaslea mis sim - - s 8! HBt8§ 883 SS 88888 Is *SS« mss R-fcg - jT 88ES5M 888E8 ®§§?s s*i* 881 1 1 1 » i s» |ili §11111 ssig min ssls III 1 1 1 ^ ujuj saia linn la s slip -.* ®£s£ a*fi§* i&Si isiiii “Hs £88 888 Mii ss**** ss&& mm 88 S? E88R38 1881 -=£*£§£ IS8I& 81388 ssli£ - «*sr8 ii * * ms & i ii 2~ - -- “R- -R -*■ 1881 KI8II8 II 1 18 8IISR illiS - If 'S a s -* g« a a ilii &I8S8.I III 18 IIII3 I II 18 IN! SEES* 18 1881 1 81388 sails i£*sa 8 88 * 858 IS s* ?l mN rt -»*' '*■&'* * 8181 SE8iKS8 IIIII sla^ I8IIS » * is* asR s is s s s a s am tss-EaSs aaiis sis^s assis Hit iiiiiii visit ssi s ii*& s £S ^ - ■*" N-.jr.in III! 1885388 8S888 S8S*8 8RR8S *S§« ~££sr "*§>' ® *$~3$ as - " §§§§ 83RS88E Hill *§§*£ 6E*I8 8888 83318*8 a5SK8 5SS 8 83 m « S' I ! I 1 £ R S n ■a-"'-’ n'-' « Jt • 88888* 8883 l^s^s 88*8E t iiii i&zz ®*8r R « ^ i 8 58 PR g 55^8 Hill® 8888 8R88888 1 3388 8888R 83388 1 aifaa'0*'0* sssa gas a “g vo‘| J TABLE 23.— PROPERTY, 1935-36-Continued 266 | s BIENNIAL SURVEY Of EDUCATION, 193-4-36 “'3 SS“ $5* iii lojjin assn mm. b««* aWsa* cj ,H* * ■SHfsS §Mls Ihmi siiis JOgMOV^CU H* £ss88$ hssi 8S§** Ms ISI S i i i i 3RISI3 *38* 8 8 MSS SI ss«§8 SS! -a 885*8 **bb‘- Jag III \m i ^ S' II \s\ r? r gl& t; liiii i ! i i IS i cu* SsgsSi 3g«*f 5*5*8 833 I 11 S MSI Si ft Hill »K l£l & S i i i i IllliS 8 -T llllll Mill mm sisii iCs smss tr'aS m Hi ! i i i S saisl* 833* 3 * SS 1 SS 1 es Is 33 imi ~i~m ! ! i ! i Ills! m ss "> CM sss 58$ i S i ! i §!§§§£ I 888! VX> SS S iS i U 83 «cf CM- 8SMI 88 mil! 38&S ls8ig s$sss 0 £££ «r«««r mm S8&~— 8333K! Iiassi 58*88 £§*££ voScu* 3 81 185* 8 8** & ii *i !I£ ISIIs ill *»”'3‘3 r-T 8*8851 a 33SSSF stiffs i«siss mss 'SS rt3 81 1*88 3 *** S3«88 CUrt £SK&3 mg r* ica cnj eo" Hi ri*rS S^!S SoSa&a 13853* $$8883 ^ £ 3331H 38*S*5 3R “^8H fiats £1 IS3'? SsHi I S' * s * S5a®S #s Is “■ 8 i§^> S'K? 8 £ s ££ O* fi®85*5 3*588* »»• n #*$*& 8118** 5 8 Is&ii "S^SS •3§§s§ *»“38 s£§ ssH§ ^ cS 888888 CM CM OT^ ^ sltssl lj3§K® i*s‘8s 185858 !"*«*»■* HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 267 §s SSSIsg* IrISs rr®r£ a sr£ -IFF 8 8 &g&SftS 8 sftSE fsEsSSS aSfSfftl "ftftSR £ftR*R f ®Ss R f ifts-sa a as Rg ft ft o a R in ft r ftftft ~R - ~ ! 1 SRSSS&3 l§IK liliS a II i 2 S FSISI& a SI 13 Fa RrF ! S ISSSSSS & IE ft i§ ft ft| * ft ftft ft* ft s ft ft rH o> R 22 •* i i RftlRft£ft 1 1 111 S is !& i Bfll R 1 R» B R o ss^i&is i gl Sg 111131 1 rr 60* & ~ a ft r % ft vffrf cf ft ^ ^*S‘ ! S ftftglll i I i ISft i 1 i i i i 1 i ! 8 i i ^ $ 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 i Sill 33 1 si i 1 ff RB* S' sr ft £ ss *i i i l§i£§ SIMS- 3 Ill fits R ft ft 1 ! i i i ft INI aia&sis sssh&s i is j as‘S ft II ^ % ft ft g g ii**i & ^>VO r* to a a CTV C7> CM i i 2SIS&IS IsiSi i ill i § 1 1 i aias R R min 1 ini Rill III * S3 i i g a -S g g i3«S3* g R» CNJ*CNi* in CM* - KAtn §£ SSfgfSS §*!££ ftSsS? § SS& 3S32 r R VO S§Ig®l 8 Rftftl 5* iimiii rfisgs p ss= s g Sf SftRS S H?® a|KE|jS is - - H ij* O* g R R in fH rH rH S8 ~ 1§ ISlfft S£fR3 § SFR 8l®8 i | RIRSII I sill 833RRSR £3 gt*S« ^ cJ oj “rrsvr «Wl s a ft *** i g o> R e^sass 1 ftft §£ ftRlFSBl *KfftS; « 3S IS I EiE SBS F 1 siis-ii 1 »3 ftftft&ftftft 85S$ SS£*i s 1** i R pssss I ii* isassK inft* fH rH rH r+ KN J- ft o> S73 aglel m*§ 1 FSR ms & R Riift^i i 88^ 8 a* s S*‘ § & RftS5ftlf S' 11 m VO VO in ft UN in CVJ cu SI SKi*m IRR11 FI813 1 »“§ ftftiS a 8 amRft § slllSIt R^RR sjas^s a -rtVO s^g R ft 53888R uj a |g|3®8E 2/ Included In value of tuildlng.. 4/ Plant not o»n.d by in.tltutlon. 5/ Flgur.. for 1933-31* OF EDUCATION, 193**-36 i? I issss i gists mii ***** C\l rvj* « &§sf£ &£§g | SSI Ills ®rhs Isiss s5' s'a' s M ~ f, \\m m\\ irn ma kSS S 3 liisl SISII ilii lllg “• s * -■ i nm. um i&i aan HiM ma i* « a * * W -9ms 51*18 8*1 i ins mss a R 8 is ii i * VO* 8*331 HISS I HI R8SI llssi tfft* «g*i iri *** * ci ** g 8SKS *1**5 8*81 kISS $**■* riis sia* »*rfg 2 HHI £3*8 8S£8 H^s SilSI §1*1 II I ^ o; isiii i^ssi §§* * Hi *i KK6S* III 888S88 IS imm £SS mm m mm » s*s@?g e« ujjH .»©,*« Ol* - OJ WVO* SSSHi 3*8*°“ 5S11!1 s®!H SIS mt a m WOJ* **lffl*l ill «* - 8 Milii ii SSIIISI Mi RR R HSEi R*S* 5*R*I£8 SIS *«*r h m «.*«.* ISISil III ^11 ill IS II i Sill Si! mt i rn i& ®i *a ii S Sf I 8R5RRR 88« 3*88*8 IS RSmiR 8*S SsHt& $£s s*e&8 ** Siam Hi ujo 4.* ^ II3* a*a r S£8**g SIS JIISII Hill SI £1* ***** 8§8 !& §2§8 § § § § SR8{j» *RS a »s-& ~®~*» MHRSa H® 5=38-82 ~S MSrf-jfrf S?3 IsISIf HI **5**$ I® ££§*§§§ He gg-sj?** «--- “« g*sa*-»s H- HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 269 888*88 mm m ssisss §st *ss* *m$st iiii iffiii i*i ii*i §&*i*i* ffii* $ »a‘ a VO*^* ^ -* ~ 5si i II S* * 1H *3 °S°§ as s CM* CM* CM* 8111.11 ll* mi HI5HI ii 8 6 Rt - 1 i i 1 i i lit r gR°f 66 1 tiiill i!S mi 8*18111 88 1 1 i 1 S 1 lit R ft if S3 3 ill il l ill mi it i 1 i 1 i ssiiii H 2 1*3 *8 8616 ss s rt*-H* 3 iiilli III nil HI* 1*1 88 8 * RR - turn s * 8§S *aR iiii &8 iiiiii R 6* ill * iiii 6811 III *3 \o* 8*§*3* 888 ~§f~ Sifiii 838 *88* *883586 m\ 1 m mu -S* *si 1 1 mm m - 8 iiii Him Pi iPi S3 - -- - &S - ~ till I S £ ststi -* 3 Si** 588*8 *8 nm mu p 1 1 IS* SI IS i Sr SS S I 8g IMIS s 1 1§ I SI ~ S » illii 81181 88 * 3* ** urn si Hi as Mi ^ M llllt aliil it Sr * tf£ 3»iH tiitt H SSSsS IM SS m -T c^m CM* aK^RS Hi sms t§°§§§ sss iii§ **i*s*6 His§ urn §&s* ts* g§!g g|t§'s& ?.2s& «* a* & &ssr sa&Kg ri "lrH~ ” »‘I2 Ss§5&§ IS* SSss ilslil g»§ Sl*« siP^H sssss £i§3~ Mi iiii Mini iiMi ii 3 S* lis® Misi H f5 r4\T> CT. ^ -> jOONrHCM * iii^ii §is BIS lii§§l I51! 88*8 *3*6*88 6*38* i8*£* gas S'10 ®S8 £$£§ R88888 * & Rff £ c§? g »S 8 ss* R£ gR 3 " “*^ 888888 ill $S8£ 8868*3 is£ Hit 8*88888 88888 38838 $g&$ i&s&x sVs ggj-R-s ***"- 88886 is S^jS *S Siiii ft 8SSSS £6 4 ^* R g ! ®§§8§ 88 *8*g3 *£ Siifs 3i &S**R» SS 8 1 I £ I i 1 270 BIENNIAL 3URVEX OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 siltiSS sassa IISS KfcSR B58 8 88^8 s'ii » rHCU iiiiii ON tfgastf &5B -"S 88888 8"v"*'* m f ES3£ 22 2 IIS aism Hi Is isl&S 88S8S g°s i 8888 £££ Si - 3S‘PRj?vo s a $»h * sssbs 22 rar M5S CM* SISIIS 8! i 1* 881 if &l» i £i£s g,-!? * £ £»* » >- i~~ 2§» sili i i 1 § i i i l| 8181 « *£ 1 i 2 i i i i i i i i i i m iisiH 81 1 IS £8*8 fssfs °°i i 8888 Hi Si * |s'$&5v r*N ON •- i i*i£ a tiiM CvT »H ii sififi §i§i§ a is si 18888 gig * o S8SS 8*S s a ^ a ££ 888S5 a a g SasS §8“ SIE8*5 §*882 sis* 8S8 8 Its? |&a Si'iaii SSRSS £$is iim to* 2 2 2 2 SR8 8 Sl&f« ON s*t SisiSs ISSS* 8S8S« sf & 8 °°fs gsg gsVgsV -& Si im 888 58 S*S 2*“^ -If °§£§s» §£§§2 888 § 88s8 58S isisft 2&iiz aM 2 s- 88888 ff-s s' 88 3 J m £§§§§* 8S*§8 888k *§3*8 888 § “i“s 8**= ejise-ffo ^ 8» ««| S**M 2 **W rs§ 881838 88888 SSS8 “*§*§ *Rg 8883 s-*° gs*'0'0*- 2 r-wvD tr» ^s? eo *s«S mt §i iiii ii 52 % * tm si sfEE SI ggrfg “* Mil ii 8§at i! U*i am »§ ss s' si SSU si isss II *lS S £ * ?m §i SJS'5 S* »*5a si siss is • * * * §§ 21 8 ~*s‘ r*>C\T OJ SEE! IS f**& 8« HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 271 I ggSISSS »£8f£ IS® § kIS® Hi » HUiti sirs rs s' &M ■Hrt c^kTm H ~ m r~ $ s I m s s ss u 1 s § s'i'a a a as i i “ C « * “ isa i sllisie SS®?£ a IS i sl£s S g £ ills® i m~i J i - H i a s s 8 as i : i s 8*8 * SA j Hfis § ££ ^ - a ^ I Nil i R K a a s 1 S R n 1 i ”£ s • ESI ills §.i I i ~ ! |& i i i IS ^ 5 r & a - | f £ £ £ i £ h &9§§Si£ SSSJTR Mb gsas* g $*i*i * 3 ate I I 5 5 a § £ i $3 M §§£ ! 8§§§§US SIS i i SI afe lE^SS * s * § 88i$ 5 ^ s i a g $!$ 1 s i asMI «r «r £» sia 1 asssnss $§&*? ms g&s » *$&&££* airs ri s aass s ii&S a ° s s m s a i £ £ Hi i a w r * ^ 2 ^ 6K S 1 a a §§§ § nt&m &§£§§ s& Ha ^ sS^2°^ Rr&S^S ° 8§8| K sJStfl M g 5 SIS I a its i**- i i H 5 5 ~s i s sit p&g 5*,S?> «11 §' °°i8s§£ £§£>£ ^ ® siiim i*i s' S a § -siiiii ^§1^1 - |S»KS 8« Sj.Ri t imaas ssiis §§s - iRR^t-a 2? sas BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 sISISI £ £&§*§§ s 250 000 400 £ Ui£ SlSis S3* SbS 85¥§*6 s sss&ir sSSis ilm So-af r-K¥tv, tfxojoxrt & $&-£ ° Miii co * i i| *£~J3 §§ ! °°8 U £ 8 am £ i S S’ S gg’s £ RR fSR rA K> - *§£§*§ £ SIS 1511 £!£§£ 8 ££§§> 3$£8£ §S^ S3« iif8a’R g asss&s i sis siiSi g *g*s iWSl ® IS8 - ^ ** 3! •a'v~ * rJ 1§§^§ § ?**§-§§* *IR*§ 888SR VO SSSI £££!■ 3S* 3SS 8 1 Sir sit! cv C\T i § Sg&8R 5 3**3 iig*^ £S?| f'isiss £ £s3§3§§ £I£8R 88£6I R £8*5 &SSII 88* iiSsa’S 2 ts335£§ I £83 RR3RK jp is i iisirf 53 m vx> _r cnT {is -r r-: - 8 rnr* 3831^1 I £11 §31 I ^is§§ Its it i f§£§3 &£* °°§ £*ii i R si*i5gS o> cn i-7 is 8 vo *S* R R ** $ o ££&*£ RR s s’ £§£§13 1 f£S8a&8 38R88 8SR8I 8 ss§£ £*&£ SS8 s®a®a* S' fjtgps BBSS in S'&S^’R Rrfs‘ s-s HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 273 &52S85 ft&§538 lisil 8 85S5H* U*S& SRf£5 551*5 S8«R sisi'ss *«£»£§ SIsSS 1 msm iffsss ss&s* sssi'i ^iii ™ frNHriH Oi^OCUCV, cu W ir\ r— VO SSisif £§!§ii i ISI* I 8R8SI** KaiS i~™ lists' I5S6R i£58S Si £ £ S' es5i£“ iii * 355$ *535* ri? »w n — r-T CUVO Sv ■** “VR ^* ^ ■* si i i 1 1 *si£i i 1 lsl° 1 Rsil i i 1 iisii iiHS “Ji&j i$i i i i§s! j ss - II - 1“* "S 6 s* CU ssisl i i i 1 i ! ! iiiii I SaiS&li ifcili i i S' i ^ ilia! !8S 1-6 iilSi £>£> £ VO VO iT^lO k 1 i £ §2sf§ &M888 §§§§§ § ssss&rs IsS-s SH§& 5^58 »i§ Siagss iRrfS5 i$m£ Or. at&i i SSSMSS SSSSS IT ?J ^ *"* ^»*>w w ££85ia' rtNrJ g£66* S^K? SS865 r-4 r-^ru 5 3 cu* Siiiii m §§ 8 IsSflSi R^S§ S55R5 ^iii SSaSis §£&8Si? » gga 6 sii'e^ss i 155 SaKi is Ss‘ g 82~ CU r-T * ^* VO* *f£&§i iiiii! iJiis § RR83S58 S33»8 i§^° ISIS! 8RS°~ §^8§ falls' iiiiis sssas 1 SS&5SS SSSSss 55555 IRS 55 8 88S ^ — o> -• rO CU CU r-T HH& ~ r-rH r- r- J* rH -• *»£§§§ ~~iiii ^iii § ^°s8iS§ sajai 58E9L5 §gSls i^iii sssifi« Hs§^" § iiS®*£S * S 8 5R55S gg s £j=«S i i«a“ - “ ^ CU S-sSt® ^§111 &§§i§ % s^liSiS isill i~ii§ ItSiS SG Sis ltn lo c\j irv ^ir f ss&ses asaas? s VOVO “'jssss "SR** S3 g-3- ov^oco ii ill! ! Hi ii P ® ii iiiii j I B ££ §, pill i i« f 1 o S 8 ill? «i I • pTI 1 274 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 88S8S ilSH s£ Hi HI si £28 S rSr£ m$s iim Bfifss $3£®k s&m ^ ilns iWi *e& as&y ~ - *»‘ til" | £8 £38 S8 *8tf 53838 ii ii s ii Hi iMii ii ii iisii ii ii -■ r-T -,-«r ^ -.* -<* - fR5.il 3ft3d§ 5,8^1 S§§£§ S| 5.|& |8|gi R a * * 8 82 5SSii K8‘ S& s* IS£I StfSSS - -a- - S8S8 iR^II' g-esg gg 5li^s It888 8S8SI nm 3^ sisis tm k| s'ss's s»i?sf ^s? art85®® ^S§R f«S~I «gj38* i4i,176 — — 141,176 141,176 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 275 sm f mm* Sfiss -i » imi*$ fill Ilf ms I If - - s I “sill is ? ir> i SI If I IS R R S' fill Ilf RSSfllf i SU i i It i 88il8il * ' S H is§§ as i sssssss sssa n * mis*§ s£s£ Sts 5S1S8S «s HSiSFS ifSst- S58«§ SFFi? i?sa Hi mm ii Miiii iiiii mii iiii ^a\o* OJ* gg - NVO -* r7 H> ssi i if i asian *i m*$ sfiss asss £3 ss s* * « f&i£s& S iS sssi ~~ H 5)3 -R S&l ! m ffIS S£ *S M a ii S83IS 1318! Iff I £ ~'rH* " * 9888 SI 8588 -8 R sHisSI 88888 S89S8 S88& I iiii iii i- ii- iii &s»&s afsss iiii ^ TABLE 23.— PROPERTY, 1935-36— Continued 276 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 277 ass ssisess naasa ssi isisis*; iiiii rH r^oT r-T ^ H r-4 III salSSSs rkSkI se» HSiKS? i&'r'3' £§~ ff8| i i~ SSISi £§» » ~r» ISI HiHIS iiiii 8 $£ a'Rsai SH llsfss® *5311 22= ratMS sis 3 0,-0- i°§ SSsIlif Slil! g* iiMMi ? m asasaaa sasas iii iimii § im «*- - — - 831S5 £*!§>£ mts £8 §83 88*88 Hiii sms sagas mas S£ag ssssa OU,vo - -XO- CMCMKXCMCM CMCMKX-K CM- CM CM - -» — I8S33 3s !« IISSI f?SSS SI |S£ i ills #ss is ea ppa iiisi i si si- K> K\ K\ H N H H JO in H 0% f-T i isia 3ii~§ sisek sans an is !i?i£ 8 ■*■ S& & as£a 8«f 8 S 3 ft nil? Ians mu sisi- anas nasi i i * s s Ui s s« i* ills* ISISs sSsSS SsaSS il Iks I ill! ilp ii ii s»iisa pisi s is Is ox cm* cm* *CM* ^jn- - - - CM* -CM* -- -CM* CM* ill gslisi* 8ai*a *8Si* 8*388 3883$ SSfag Ills- 8§SS8 gga Sag^’i £ia a iis* s«3** *a*g$ hi I s£*a‘£ g^as as g£§ s&fsm S58SI 8l3§§ Iiiii 88888 siH? 88388 SSS8S s?ss s^cs?. ssffta^ CM*W* III ISsI Hi Hit $ I i i g^Rg s IN I ! Is 5 -* iii ssia » s i i i s^sS im i i i SS83 ^‘g ill ^&s Hi a*i ill aass |S^ S iii «§a§ gC3^ iii 888S B8» £S8 His I i 8 I ! i I 5i I 1 I I 1 S) i itinued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ii IT lii i . ! 1 ii 5s!S£s£ mns § nms 3? ss 000 5581*6$ lx SR86 RSIS* 5532 Hiiiii iiiiii i * Hitt* eg" s **** Mi&m VD*^ "R sr9sE ~ * iMii im SSISI 11 31111$ 1 min Mill SHilH (5- 1 1 Ii ££££§ 5RI5 SS 9 S ^ « d d If °" 1 rf SSIfil 18 51 1 1 IS 1 mm mu SSI i l*R 18 111? 35RSI 58 If «T VO ££ 2 S 3 3 38 a * »gM3. * ~ mull IIIIII 1 iiiiii mu RR8I 1 IR II I i IR mu mi s s ^ $ s 32181 18 IIIIII 1 iiiiii mu 3381 ISS It 1 1 IS SSSrI II II ££ € & 88* ii t S mi* vo« ^ eg" eg S53SS8S I i 1 1 1 1 1 iiiiii 111 u &&&§ 1 1 1 ii IMS sSksI SISI SS83R«R S'S'&g i? 5 iiii s £ 38R3R23 RR885E I ~»£§£i 000 995 000 & 8RSIRRR §~ im aSESff ssss fSliSW SEESM i SaRfr sl°®s 8S8S3& siiit iitii mi 8S*»SRS} 21 seals A* eg" J eg" si*#** *583*38 SSrSS* § ~°£§E§ §£§*§ Kft&3£» Is 83&ff § flRM*'0’ Rr38*Sf^ ftasg I 55*83* lliil ^i«§8 £3§£ i siiii $£*•& UsiiH g isss i sssiia mu esais** »s 1115 a sfsuKsa a’aa** gjyrgg* $ skts § smn assss gSftRa?* 8% 8835 {? S“rHO“r'^ 'f'K' ^ g,aMa8!f ~a 2 RR&3 1*»3 SSS8R *££& E88S& &SS -IsSr Eifa 98368 «®» ^‘h.* 5R335 Hi'S £R|®53 3 388 illl! I :=l li i 5525 2 2*12 £ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 279 §3 mi Hi am RE S3 - CM" Bl* * SSHI8I 3S8IS 13 iffi g' IRE | 1 ■O^ VO- Hrs 1 1 1 Si 1 If lf K?cm S'* oT oi RRiSiii III If if as - S; 3* 1138181 S^8 IS If MU a IRE R f us.o - - in S3*«8 i I 18888 11 83*^ iMi !- 33S3888 IH«“ if issslss mu Rf s RRl^SI §^s »Sr ^ in aScagll if iiiiiM *iii£ RR a 3IS8888 8§S§§ §1 g|M‘esR sf in ^Ik8§8 88838 Is gS‘i«3S“ 3‘ftRSR -■g i f SR585R £SsE£ MSSS I s mm HtiS $M£§ £ g $M -* HH- CM- rt*«iHH‘H ^ 3 sSllli iRISI ||*EI t§ * ' » " S3 sSllli 16181 lift* I H 3 y * «p i I Mllil liiii Mill It mm m 1 1 urn 5 £ R 5 331 I 18 Ilf Is I I |f8 1 a a i 5 & s rS J - « 2 3 8853ER &£§££ 333R3 * 3 S38W8 RtllE BESS CM <* CM -* -*-* -*-* CM*-* HNrtHH 8 3 38 Rm RRRS8 s*SS3 » # i*m * US s* r4 3 R RR35Z3 a£§S* S3334 S a‘ SfiHM SUU HISS £ - s' - « - I I 13E*3& 3E8RR 8*B3S S i 3*K 81 3§»R® 8 *3* CM* CM* I I S&8&3 33388 si ill | » glass'* hhS - s g »as § Ir-SIss 33838 R3S33 s iMMii iiiii iMi « 3*-* CM* CM* CM* ^*- CM* CM* CM* - -* « CM* 8 88ER3SE ER83S «&§££ » 3ESS&RR S«SS8 383*8 S3 - M?- * --- " ~ - s rsr&ii sms 3Rai i * S3**rf 3 * * a -a 1 8833818 Iliil IIR83 sajpaa? a - - -w 1 Sl&R&E* 38833 881 RS ESSg“R* 3*$S *R$38 a - -- * --- - ~ € sfltllf f ill I Sll*£ R SS8S SS 38 8 *S R 3S3R383 3R88R 831*3 3 msSRi sisss - ^--Cm'-CM* -* .** 2 S3RE38S SSI Is 3f§88 S 38S83S8 338 8 8g*B s» £ S*lg&IS sSSIS SSsIS i iisiiii iim Uni “' SS * ■*' - « »£££*§§ S'slia s^l i isss £*' =* 5 5 Kr 3* * £ i s» § I s 5S83S8£ IISII 3KlS§ I Sr Rasps £3, SSSRS *33 3 & ~ : t::::: ==::: ::::: I i mnn mn unis i unm mu mni ?l TABLE 23.— PROPERTY, 1 935-36— Continued nun or I Value of Physical Property I Endowment and Other Nonexpendable Funds BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193**- 36 Is 8.S~ 111 s = J lls is&aa sms ussi ssiss am* mis uMi am mu am sii s mu mu to rH rl to" ^ «oT -T -T 88is? sasiu lls 88 SSb6r 18588 831815 asi is IS»t5 i=m £$£§£[ SS K8g£3 tEsM a 5 ! “ mt 23 SS wV «M* tO,H* IO.H r- 8“ ri ri *8888 Mill RI8I8 Mill 1 1 1 1 1 6*118 ! !!§£ 1 IKI5 1 ISI« “■"SR “ ” a KN (\J -R“ a* * a - 58111 Ilf II SISS8 Mill 881 II I8III 1 1118 8ISI8 11883 ™]p S “ RK- ON *8R s 3 3 18588 6*£ls 11581 8s IS! If 1 1 1 I8ES8 s-aSS 3g0* -3- :T> t\l i § i N i §» g g i 3 l **! i 1* s Si i ii i i 33 i 28 i i £ - -1 3 * 88* 8 VC* vc* i§U i iiiiiii i i i i i 33 1 i i3 i i i i i i i i SEiil i i i 22 2 &a - USE 1 eiiiise 8 § i £ l 338 EE* 2 3§i ii S i HiSiH SE8 K S* » » i £ ii^U s is £ £ #E 1 55 8 Ss Hi i t\\\m i S | E i SEN IE E Ei i i§ ii EESEiii « i 3S§ £ I! 8 i 2 Se is iisi ks EES « o EE53ES8 5 E £ s S5E8ES i Sii EE Ii SEE 3 SS8EEEE < S 8 a 8 g&ISSg S Mi a Siam 8 K' 2 rt* 2 ONVO r-T r-« 2 3 ~ 32 3 533 Toi a-ss-l* S' S' 3, 8 £ E*E8if 2 Hi S3 Si S33S83~ EES HSRR3S2 2 5 2 S' 2 s* i®a < iii M £< S?3rt& ESi £ O EESSSSS a R * E I 3E88EE ~ m *8 EaSSiEE «E 3 <««« 2 2 * 2 3 8 E SS8SSR E sas is <&«*« - ~ ? 01* rvT ~ ov; 32 ov ~ CVJ Ol VD* 1 1\ S8* 75i gassrai s S i g 8 Eslils £ s§§ ii Ei S8i3838 s* |38*£&38 i i s £ SE8*®e 5 <33 *E « fgog§ §sg§§ gggg* 3§Sf£ ssg £§§§?! £§££ 55333 r 55I3R S 5rS8R 55683 SK558 $i§& 358 HFF “* ~ V rt-rt- jjjj * M „* ^ ^ cj ft&S 35553 Hill I 335885* 85538 S3RS8 8*33? *8*68 Hi 588835 5 i*i** r it**** ***** *iii* i ii* ffi* ii* &**** * 55*88 I fc-ssa a 535*5 « * r? i 5555535 88858 5*555 35588 88558 888 *58855 8853 ££Si§ 5 ssaaa -as*- aaR-s ssie* §§“ ««*•*«"* * mtinued 2S4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 I j 1 1 fa H I 1 P 2 § 2° -s S9sm 8s mvs m **8e&£8 *s*8* %$*** ** a i§ %m&& a a* mun am mti $$ - a--- - « - - ----- -5 - -•- sa ££ an i it ie mm isisff -i «*R - - » £ 3 ™ £ K 5E SU 1 1 IflL IE FiiSSi ISISS rfe a - - s' ° -- II II iillii II Him Mill ^ in ii is nun ii iin>! <|.n i t i % ik Hi f&SESSf §°I3S SHIs H‘ Um'£si* aifSB *gg I & *tf - - a ~ in mv m \m* mi is j- - ^ is 3 ^ 3 & Hi ££1118! i ii ii iilii ££ 88 * 1 S " g -*-‘ i i i aaissii 88&E sssis 3$ is 35& H6Si *3$ 5 ^ ff» - a “ 83 ££ »8§i§l §■? SS SS sis is S S Ss Is *££&*! §£ si ss sisg’sj is « s--- *8 E£ *£S*£* I£ ft ££ &&& §£ iillii ISli! ii! °££§§3§ § i ~ § 1 E£8I8 §§ g g * ft pgg i ii in^ £38 S§ §H ££*£*** *££§>£ S* &***$ s‘gg£& 58* SBggggg ££&£ Sg&Rg £5 - - R* - - -- - -- £§£§£§ sg§*§ §s£ S5*£*S£ ££8«*» £fc&§8 ££ Is^srs a‘ga‘i» g^ac gs ttsjjjj asici at £8 H 8£$3Z8 £8 3£I3I8 *£8*8 si ii mi&i is is’ s s iiii si i» &S8SS8 si 31 II II **|g| is ii Rftgft t°' ® a ft*"* c\T §§ £S -Ii** *3 £8£8££ 3£§f8 Sfc S-- gaSJPRS 8R -S-fl- 88! H5888S 8S?S£ *I°s& 88 gg« BfftSES gftft fiteft <8 as - - -~ - - §££ £88 ££88 ^§^§§ 88 £88 88 £88 ^s^sisl $g°af E^£3 88 gS’aa’SRff "'aSRrRI S«&a§5 88 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS Eft* afll SftSSftft ftftgSS §£* &as* rim ss'ess cf ^ 88833 i*ssi 13888 3*3*33 8 £8 *88 £ saw SsSSI ESJ8S 88 8a 0 I'* 3381 *S8 g||R§B 1 * * 8ISII 2 3 uni 5 £1831 s sc 118 S R 3383 SSI II *£« ~ 83311 £K s2 a lii Sill _* SII3I8 Mill mu liiil 1 If * Sgg SS.1 1 1 38811 % iii ili i «>* iiiiil Mil! m 1 1 mu 1 13 £ INI Mill HIM s' ss S3 !'! 3£ii "88 £1 IsSi j 3 8 8ISII 2 s m§i £ £1881 3 api 1 13 a “ £SE£ mu 8S38 Ess II rAS II 38 88 1 2S' 114,641 110,000 311831 8 ** 88851 ass's 88831 «*S mil s' 8i8 INI Mill iim & ii M §§§§ 388838 Sm8 isisE 33833 §s« tf* ksr* ri«s *ft»a i**f8 *£* rs~ 8388 3&§i“* SS8S8 iiis* 853 RWB ftRRff £~SS?2 SRS8£ « “ S»5> SfcS S f58 ill51 i^iiEi S8S88 88888 flsiis iff S3* 338 S *S3£ **$*$ 3**SS 3*3*3 *38 ” R Ell 838^ H*§§£* 8SS88 iii8* 8*883 isf £“M3 MS 8 ^ ft&asg 8--V 8 *85 -jf lie 8388 3S8S3 *881$ 38833 888 ~ • o *-3 iil. IIs! ill ill ! ill l 1/ Negro, z] 'included In value of but l'dlng. .' 1/ FUrt'not owned by institution. 5/ 1'lgur.. for 193>3>*. TABLE 23.— PROPERTY, 1935-. 286 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1934-36 Il¬ ls I ° — •l *855 Kfl** s&s&sa *586555 Ook^rl If s& SffiUS § mssfe# 5 iVHr"> rt ssm &khs®8 *sks§ s§«§ ssM isHUi iiiii jssSst 773 773 maw i g£lSE= ir>-* ^ $8 *< mim § |H MS 5 2J ~ s issH IssSalS KISS! ISSS2 rrkisr fgs'iiss siisi iiss'g J?c? 2 *“* H* H* *■* 773 773 ilR&fi 1 i R* “2 If ® 3£»™ : *** g&s 2 sans 55I335R K&l 1 I nt\t RPkRask |’| ~~ ^ ^ »*“ * 1 Ml iiiilii rr a - If g mi Mi 1 MiM § s i ® 1 1 § sum iii is si =' M * Mil *8~g£§i «§3fSa* 3§ *s sssieaa § sis SIS s sa s I i 1 1 i sSJFSss S3S3I *Sk£? iimii 3'sssi ssss'i as s 20,000 20,000 S63R888 SlS*&§*‘ IS i SSRflim 8 m [MM S KD^t r-H #H §1111 8*1 §§*6 liSII §§l»i H is Si mi i IBS ri AX SsSSs'ls Fr mhhh » rfur 8&SSSS* °s= §88* ££?ft&88 *£ &&** ssims fi §*>§^ 5568*88 If ~ ~ ££***§£ £ SHSm I SimSs £ asH— - 5*66568 I 55$£8RR S 556Sm £ mms & 558*5*8 5 £S53$ift 5 fits! *5835*8 sssis ii*iMi — — 8S *8*88 ££*€£§£ s^aa & **&? £Srr§ *SS5S sm* 3is*£ -* ~ SSSS* m» &'** ^IsS* Sign SsISISr Silas « -rf* « mss §£££* mis SfiSK mil mss^ tfsft **3*? *** sssrs gg*g* 8S&S 2S&58 R^ISSSS s'is^si §ma ■™“£k rfrate' HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 2S7 *R8 *8 885858 £§IS m Ssss8« iiii ff ~ §§! H 38581 1 5151 m gg R £85- A 3 m 2* K is£! i MSI asa I t£ R si 1 IK Si l&i 1 8111 » 8 2 - CO* S! SISSI i Sifl ss§ 3R s*gs~ 3 E? Hi 15 R 181 II 81 8« F&S | 2 5 8 s £ RRR R8 588*58 88*£ S& Bg saia* ifes cu -* « CM £53 r£ 581*58 88B8 3 ARBS'"* SRA* 358 £s 835858 ilH P| is sss*s* N ^ 38SK 85S 88S88^ 88^ «* *5 as®-5® a® 2* r§£ 5& 855888 1 § 8 § SSP Sf ijD ^nT^r: KSS8 sS®* §®S*SiSs £ fM iSES ssg£s& & cTf^r-* CM r-f lf> lf> r~i |H 3331 slat SSE8SI3 g Hii £S*>'« 5 * * * * “ * ? nn ®§§£ ssai&is i i ^S7Kl*~ 8Srt S' iiii mi aasisi® i «»“* “ S °2°§ Iiii &S88&IS g mi SSS'a'a i * ££»§ SI 81 SS II 151 I SS3j £331 5£ 3 * CU*^* SSfff 3£r5™ r 3S5S iiii HaMi g *D{j«.V C«*^ K>oT sH£ §838 5&!2£* a isss k«$* iW*»$ » ^ evT ~®s£ s“f 33SSS5S 3 »S33 sl'fS SS'HSS'S 3 CnTm* £a~l S§S£ 8S8&8K8 I 5g&5 Etf®» i£$£**§ ft E^si si si skkIIIS s tSSS S**B' S3»‘3*®» s' A 85588 S SrSI^ iiii 8 <**S»8 * Him His rio ^ 1 88 i ill 881118 8118 *S ~*| o*R S - 1 551 i If §11111 §118 5 VO* « 1 Hills inm mi ««* * i 55I13& 881 i II Mil 33 a a VO* RR R i inns 888888 iiii i Him a'ssi N W r* S 585885 555855 §111 3 #g^8‘ iiipa iiii » r^f^CM p-« C3N r A rH 5 asliw IIII R RR2 2S; J-* £iSs'B* HH l SSSI35 IIII 8 SS^S' S s iiiii iiii JO a»-«* -- « e gfs^s rrI§rI 8888 s ss~ 5 8R3R «o; 8 58888a RgiRi^ 3885 s ^ °- e'^8 1° of building,. 4/ Plant not omed by ln.tltutlon.'l/' Figure. for 1933-34. 2/ Figures for 193l>. 12/ Includes $4,421,381 of Income producing real estate. TABLE 23. — PROPERTY, 1935-36-Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Si ! ! IS I SSSSSs llsllS si i nmi iiiim no*.*™ A r4* £ ii i Ssp&SS ES&ISA ii i mm SE?S ^ ? * 'SS ii I §§UII& &III918 ss v? ~ «*s ! i I %*$$& is i i i w rim i i -~7 J7 ii § mm in i is M i sail s' ii* *‘i -T ^ ii i laasis siesis ii i ssseis ssiiii & 3 sens ssssm sssss S £ fiSsSSe sis'si ssgssis iiiis ass-"- - - suff»‘~ jf-' " - s s linn inn smiss siise i i ' " »Ws'«'is g is aa~ -•» « a S mill Hill HSIlsI Sills 5 5- " SS5 s' I I I ill 1 1 lllil IIIS IIS Hill Sip 3 * « II 1 1 III I lllil ScSSIsS Hist s s mpii i M r* r* S S ~ H ~ ~ I £ *1 i II I i§§|% asSSIsl ~iSi* si S si is S Siii i $ i * M M cvTcm* $ s Rgsgs g£g&&g& ga*3K » a gasa'ie sissi ssiissi ssise S S S r*rtr* ^ wm - - §§ § msn risssi RS 8 gffSWjg ii i eissas eis&sj ss i miis CVJ*- ~ 8 f SSS&S8 §£§i§ SeSIS e a ssRiii isssi iiii is i*&* vo* af CM* *W i * mm &$■&&& tm& i s sisssl iiisi Isisiss Hiss S S ^ Six* §1 5S£S8L* t§^8IS a £ Siiiii §§§§£= ssIEiiBS I&SS3 f £ £8iC&§ jjp3B8 II * mm 3£i$i£ as? a s*Atr^ s g * g j*s&g 888* h§§§~ mm HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 2S9 Rssfa § si-si ssiil> s * n z” *s s i SHi li i§» I ^ it *£ iL \ iisi is \n i fSS it its si-IU 3 * M aa 5 I -* a “ i §i*ii Ml if i is ss a f $j*§a tun §. sms* ts | issia *m* i KSESiJk RSSRSS R PART V.— STATISTICS OF NURSE-TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1935-36 Page Table X. Comparative statistics of nurse-training schools, 1879-1936 . 294 Table Y. Distribution of nurse-training schools according to length of course offered . 295 Table Z. Distribution of nurse-training schools according to the educational requirements for admission in 1927, 1931, and 1936 . 295 Table 24. Personnel statistics of nurse-training schools, 1935-36.. 297 Part 1. General nurse -training schools . 297 Part 2. Nurse-training schools in hospitals for the insane . 298 Table 25. Expenditures of nurse-training schools, 1935-36.... . 299 Part 1. General nurse-training schools . 299 Part 2. Nurse-training schools in hospitals for the insane . 299 291 . ' . ■ PART V. STATISTICS OF NURSE -TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1935-36 1 Statistics of nurse-t raining schools have been gathered by this Office at various times since 1879* In that year 11 schools of this type re¬ ported 298 students, 141 of whom were graduated. In 1935-36 the number of schools reporting was 1,381, more than a hundred times the first num¬ ber. The number of students was just under 80,000 and the number of graduates was a little more than 19,000. In his annual report for 1880, the Commissioner of Education said, "The history of nurse-training schools in America belongs chiefly to the last decade, although two or three schools were chartered and established at earlier dates. More than half the existing schools were incorporated or organized in 1872 and 1873." The tables here presented show that the number and enrollment of schools increased steadily up to 1930-31, but that there has been a de¬ cline since that date. SCHOOLS The report for 1935-36 includes data for 463 fewer schools than were reported in 1930-31, which represented the high year in nurse-training schools reporting. Percentage decreases during the 5-year period are: in number of schools, 25.1; in number of students, 21.1; and in number of graduates, 25.9. When total number of students is compared with to¬ tal number of schools there will be noted a steady increase in size of individual schools from 1915 on. In 1935-36 the average number of stu¬ dents per school was more than twice the average for the earlier year. Data on the number of schools reporting at different periods since 1879 are presented in table X, and the number of schools in each State in 1935-36 is given in table 24. STUDENTS The 1935-36 data show 79,149 students in training for the nursing pro¬ fession, a decrease of 21,270, or 21.2 percent, from the number reported in 1930-31. Of the total number of students, only 0.88 percent are men. Of the 77,099 students in general hospitals, 336 or 0.44 percent, were men, but of the 1,688 students connected with hospitals for the insane 362, or 21.44 percent, were men. Training courses for men nurses were reported by 42 general hospitals and 23 hospitals for the insane; these numbers are the same as were reported in 1930-31. Data at hand do not make possible the elimination of duplicate en¬ rollments between this part and the preceding parts of this chapter, where 6,398 students in nurse-training are reported by universities and colleges. Probably a large number, perhaps nearly all, of these stu¬ dents are also included in the 79,149 students here reported. GRADUATES There were 19,256 graduates from schools for nurses in 1935-36. Of this number, 539 were trained in hospitals for the care of the insane. Of the 180 men graduates, 92 were from general hospitals and 88 from hospitals for the insane. 1 Tabulations for this part were made by Mrs. Freda S. Hames. 293 294 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE X.— COMPARATIVE STATISTICS OF NURSE -TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1879-1936 :Average :number of Year : : students Nurse- :per :Schools students Graduates : school 1 : 2 3 4 : 5 1879 . 11 298 141 27.1 1880 . 15 323 157 21.5 1884-85 . 34 793 218 23.3 1889-90 . 35 1,552 471 44.3 1894-95 . 131 3,985 1,498 30.4 1899-1900. . . 432 11,164 3,456 25.8 1904-05 . 862 19,824 5,795 23.0 1909-10 . 1,129 32,636 8,140 28.9 1914-15 . 1,509 46,141 11,118 24.0 1919-20 . 1,755 54,953 14,980 31.3 1926-27 . 1,797 77,768 18,623 43.3 1930-31 . 1,844 100,419 25,971 54.5 1935-36 . 1,381 79,149 19,256 57.3 LENGTH OF COURSE The standard length of the nurse-training course in general hospi¬ tals is now 3 years. The tendency toward this length of course is shown by the fact that in 1926-27 only 85.6 percent of the schools re¬ porting had 3-year courses, in 1930-31 the percentage was 89.7 and in 1935-36 it stood at 96.9. Of special interest is the sharp increase in number of schools requiring 4 years or more — from 2 schools in 1931 to 36 in 1936 — shown in the last line of table Y. Detailed tabulations which form the basis of this table show that the majority of these schools offer courses of 5 years and are affiliated with universities or colleges. In these instances the course leads to both the bachelor’s degree and the registered nurse title. EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION TO NURSE -TRAINING COURSES The steady increase in educational requirements for admission to nurse-training courses continued from 1930-31 to 1935-36. In 1926-27 one-third required completion of the high school, one-third 2 or 3 years of high-school work, and the other third 1 year or less of high- school work. In 1930-31, 86.17 percent or six out of seven required the completion of a high school course. By 1935-36 the percentage had risen to 96.67. SUMMARY TABLES Comparison between States can be made from table 24 which summarizes by States and for the Nation as a whole data on schools, graduates, and teaching staff of nurse-training schools for the year under review. The table is in two parts, one dealing with general nurse-t raining schools and one with schools connected with hospitals for the insane. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 295 TABLE T. — DISTRIBUTION OF NURSE- TRAINING SCHOOLS ACCORDING TO LENGTH OF COURSB OFFERED : _ General hospitals _ _ : _ Hospitals for the Insane _ _ Tears in course : 1927 : 1931 : 1936 : 1927 : 1931 : 1936 _ : Schools :Percent : Schools :Percent : Schools :Percent ; School e :f ercent : Schools:Percent ; Sehnnl « ;Percent 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 : 5 : 6 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 10 : 11 : 12 13 Less than 1 year . l4 O.gl 24 I.3U - - - - 1 1.52 1 to 1.9 years . 17 0.99 11 0.64 1 0.08 1 1.33 2 3»°3 3 5.00 2 to 2.9 years . 215 12. 4g lU6 g.21 4 0.30 9 12.00 11 16.67 3 to 3.9 years . 1,474 g5.60 1,595 89*70 1,280 96. 90 65 g6.67 52 78.78 57 95-00 4 years or aore . 2 0.12 2 0.11 36 2.72 _ fafrl . 1.722 — ' 1,778 — 1.321 - 75 - 66 - 60 _ — 5. S7 : 3S\ |3,5l TABLE 2.— DISTRIBUTION OF NURSE- TRAINING SCHOOLS ACCORDING TO THE EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION IN 1927, 1931. AND 1936 : 1927 : 1931 1935 Requireaents for : : Hospitals : General hoenitals: for insane : : Hospitals :General hoenitals: for insane Hospitals General hoenitals: for insane admission :Schools: Percent : Schools :Percent: Schools: Percent : Schoole=Percent Schools: Percent : Schools :Percent 1 : 2 : 5 : 4 : 5 •i • 2 • 8 : 9 10• 11_ 1_ 12 — | li Elementary schools 40 2.3 6 8.0 11 0.62 3 4.55 — — — - — 1 year of high school . 551 32.2 4g 64.0 4l 2.31 9 13.64 2 0.15 1 1.67 2 years of high school . 533 31.2 15 20.0 108 6.07 5 7.58 8 0.6l 1 1.67 3 years of high school . 25 1.5 1 1.3 51* 3.04 6 9.09 7 0.53 _ _ Cocplete high school . 560 32.8 5 6.7 1.5>+7 87.00 42 63.63 1.277 96.67 58 96.66 Graduate nurse 1 /. — 17 0.96 1 l.5l 2/ SJ £/ 2/ 1 year of college work . _ _ __ __ — ___ ... 20 1.51 2 years of college work . — — — _ — _ _ _ 7 0.53 — — Total . 1.709 _ 75 - 1.778 _ 66 - 1.121 _ 60 1 / Prerlous training in nursing required for these special schools. 296 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 In table 25 data are presented on expenditures for the 913 schools which reported these items. The total amount reported is $5, 772,468, of which $ 1,502, 535 was for capital outlay of various sorts. Of the remainder, $2,776,365 was spent for instructional salaries and $1,503,568 was for other expenses of instruction. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 297 TABLE 24.— PERSONNEL STATISTICS OF NURSE-TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1935-36 State or outlying part : H tuber : : of : : schools : Nurse i students s Graduates Total full¬ time teach¬ ers 2/ Htuber of : students In : all classes : .sumoer 0: : students on : register : October 15, : 1936 H tuber student beginnl course ina the 01 : ;s : Jig the: dur- : Total : From : 5-year t course : From 3-year : course : i rear :Mei x : lodge. 1/ : 1 : 2 : 4 : <5 : 6 : 7 8 : 9 : 10 : 11 Part 1.- General nurse-training schools Continental Ifcited States. . . . 1.321 336 76.763 69.822 28.84-? 92 18. 629 24l 18.4T6 4. *500 Alabama . zp • 4 837 769 316 1 188 _ 189 63 Arizona . — 198 197 6l — 39 — 39 13 Arkansas . — 321 251 108 — 58 — 58 25 California . 36 23 3.151 2.508 1,109 11 624 33 602 177 Colorado . 15 769 699 329 — 205 205 54 Connecticut . _ l.faj 1.565 617 _ W3 _ 443 97 Delaware . — 29c 272 1x8 — 80 — 80 12 District of Columbia . — S62 622 344 — 175 — 175 35 Florida . 5 645 573 237 1 138 — 139 45 Georgia . 14 9I42 828 348 — 195 4 191 43 Mahn . . . 3 1 280 257 109 __ 86 _ 86 ,23 Illinois . 23 5.354 4,970 2,001 13 1,286 4 1.295 4oi . . 1.723 1.758 657 394 8 386 103 Iowa . 1 1,642 1.591 589 — 389 7 332 101 Kansas . 4 1.341 1,204 485 — 295 3 292 88 Kentucky . __ 819 762 259 _ 217 _ 217 49 Louisiana . l4 — 1.177 1,010 562 — 245 — 245 48 kales . 3 794 742 310 1 191 — 185 51 Maryland . 6 1.599 1,507 64l 1 405 2 1(04 96 Massachusetts . 29 4.760 4.310 1.740 14 1.196 6 1,204 257 Michigan . 2Q 1 2.507 2.374 l,oo4 _ 542 _ 542 131 Minnesota . — 2,«4l 2.033 810 — 595 13 582 106 Mississippi . 30 — 593 552 224 — 11“ — 114 47 Missouri . 23 1.873 1,746 694 2 454 6 450 113 Montana. . 539 515 219 ~ 130 — 130 38 V ebraska. . 14 _ 90° 805 332 _ 215 7 208 51 Hew Hampshire . 1 6ll 550 190 — I? — 132 Hew Jersey . — 3.285 2.936 1.145 — 843 — 830 Ifa Hew Mexico . — 56 56 20 — 21 — 21 . 5 Hew York . . . 99 151 7.472 6.943 2,938 33 2,062 ll 2,084 HlO Horth Carolina . 37 3 1.375 1.175 532 __ 258 258 Horth Dakota . — 615 597 209 — 152 — 152 U4 Ohio . fa _ 4,361 4,050 1,618 — 1,060 32 1,028 27? Oklahoma . _ 602 545 248 — 128 128 34 Oregon . 9 — 563 443 191 — 123 9 114 25 Pennsylvania . 127 18 8,002 7,398 2.975 3 2,lfa 2 2,169 455 Hhode Island . 5 — 566 468 207 — 111 2 109 26 South Carolina . 19 — 738 675 290 — 135 — 135 42 South Dakota . — 532 5C2 192 — 129 2 127 29 Tennessee . 21 1.396 1,203 477 7 315 35 287 73 Texas . 49 18 2.415 2,227 1,028 5 581 _ 586 143 Utah . 6 — 492 433 145 83 — 83 14 Vermont . 12 — 417 332 153 — 107 — 107 24 Virginia . 24 — 1.115 1.101 453 — 282 l 2€l 63 Washington . — 1,1(00 1,212 549 — 336 • 35 351 79 West Virginia. . 31 1 81(0 820 34! _ 181 _ 181 70 Wisconsin . 29 — 1.825 1.653 767 — 459 19 44o 112 Wyoming . — 33 33 12 — 10 — 10 4 Outlying part 8 of the Chi ted States Philippine Islands . 6 25 384 386 194 13 89 _ 102 17 Puerto Eico . — 74 fa 30 — 19 — 19 5 1/ Includes 33 graduate e of 2-year course and 7 graduates of 1-year course. 2 / Includes full-time equivalent of part-time teachers. 77228 0—38 - 20 296 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 24.— PERSONNEL STATISTICS OF NURSE- TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1935-36 - Continued State 1 Number : of : Niche r of : students In : : iNumoer of : 1 students on : register : number of : students be- : ginning the Graduates : Total : full- ; time : schools ! all classes : October 15, : : 1936 i : course dur- Total 1/ : teach- : reporting : Man : Women ; ing the year Mem : Women : ers 2/ 1 ! 2 • i ‘ 5 i ! 5 ! 6 -.1-; 5 ; 3 Pjirt 2.- Sur se- train ln& _8Chop lg In hpspltslp Continental United Statee. iS 3g£ l^gg_ LJL3I_ 256_ 88 451 175 Alabama . Connecticut . Delaware . District of Columbia. Plorida . Georgia . Illinois . Zansae . . Maryland . Massachusetts. . . Michigan . Minnesota . New Hampshire . . New Jersey . New York . Ohio . Pennsylvania. . . Hhode Island. . . South Carolina. Texas . 1 _ 44 44 16 _ 9 3 1 — 46 42 20 — 8 5 1 — 14 14 4 _ 4 2 1 — 5° 50 30 — 19 6 1 — 49 32 17 — 8 3 1 — 17 16 7 _ 5 3 7 1 126 113 38 — 32 18 l 2 30 32 12 1 9 2 2 8 19 23 27 4 9 4 9 106 296 354 173 25 112 25 2 — 55 4q 16 __ 19 5 3 — 136 104 53 — 26 7 l — 132 87 38 — 12 4 2 16 141 4o6 59 536 20 274 32 15 99 7 53 3 _ 60 60 29 _ 21 6 4 76 34 98 38 20 18 11 2 16 53 65 22 6 12 5 1 — 38 33 16 — 8 4 1 -- 26 20 6 — 6 2 n Includes 13 men and 36 women graduates of 2-year course. Includes full-time equivalent of part-time teachers. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 299 TABLE 25.— EXPENDITURES OF NURSE- TRAINING SCHOOLS, 1935-36 : :For new grounds: State or outlying part Number of: For : For other :buildings, or : schools : instructional: expenses of equipment for : reporting: salaries : instruction : schools only : Total 1 2 • 3 4 5 5 : 6 Part 1 . General nurse- training schools Continental United States - 888 ♦2,698,452 ♦1,490,408 ♦1,150,095 ♦5,338,955 Alabama . 13 20,569 11,978 6,510 39,057 Arizona . 2 8.325 350 — 8,675 Arkansas . 4 5,lli0 1,095 170,200 176,435 California . 30 165,813 65,338 23,187 254,538 Colorado . 9 22,270 3,762 32,600 58,632 Connecticut . 15 118,580 63.326 6,362 188,268 Delaware . 3 4,910 — 2,023 6,933 District of Columbia . 6 19,079 120,010 849 139,938 Florida . 10 25,680 10,576 42,638 78,894 Georgia . 10 20,550 2,856 80,400 103,806 Idaho . 7 4,400 525 60,350 65.275 Illinois . 81 211,898 63,725 33,024 308,647 Indiana . 22 59,218 15, 168 11,029 85,415 Icma . 16 29,833 15,435 36,021 81,289 Kansas . 22 49,946 9.436 7,641 67,023 Kentucky . Hi 20,211 5,553 5,521 31,285 Louisiana . 9 18,656 4,290 1,796 24,742 Maine . 13 24,004 24,689 50,658 99,351 Maryland . 16 70,839 16,084 4,86o 91,783 Massachusetts . 60 170,828 144,202 43.963 358,993 Michigan . 19 80,002 269,778 15.103 364,883 Minnesota . Hi 60,877 11,704 3,897 76,478 Mississippi . Hi 11,600 1,471 60,950 74,021 Missouri . 19 65,697 20,964 5.955 92,616 Montana . 7 14,230 1.550 3,985 19.565 Nebraska . 10 27,099 13,636 952 41,687 New Hampshire . . 10 13,960 1,956 5.525 21,441 New Jersey . . 3U 120,236 30.935 6.436 157,607 New Mexico . . 1 1,250 1,500 1,000 3,750 New York . . 67 322,298 130,002 49,759 502,059 North Carolina . 25 43,059 32,155 40,333 115.545 North Dakota . . 8 8,796 850 675 10,321 Ohio . , 46 185.921 57,942 23,246 267,109 Oklahoma . 10 11,007 23,740 1,658 36,405 Oregon . . 7 21,707 35.265 — 56,972 Pennsylvania . 96 269,250 40, 181 39,256 348,687 Rhode Island . . li 18,713 30.278 135,000 183.991 South Carolina . 8 21,416 2,765 2,686 26,867 South Dakota . 9 13,315 996 7.074 21.385 Tennessee . 11 61,391 16,474 3,440 81. 305 Texas . . 25 53,727 51,308 14,578 119,693 Utah . 5 13,592 5,547 51,685 70,824 Vermont . 7 5.999 981 2,200 9,180 Virginia . 13 34,704 67,088 984 102,776 Washington . 17 38,599 9,172 2,789 50.560 West Virginia . . 19 39,549 26.640 44,525 110,714 Wisconsin . . . 18 66,709 27.104 6,772 100,585 learning . . 1 3,000 150 — 3.150 Outlying part 6 of the United States Philippine Islands . 5 3.998 503 150 4,651 Puerto Rico . . 2 4,200 1,908 200 6,308 Part 2. Nurse- •training schools in hospitals for the insane Continental United States . 30 67.913 13,160 352,440 433,513 Florida . , 1 1,080 ... 1,080 Georgia . . 1 900 50 — 950 Illinois . 3 3.760 156 — 3.916 Maryland . , 2 2,568 — 2,568 Massachusetts . 3 3.783 12,144 52,oU3 67,970 Michigan . 2 2,400 2,400 Minnesota . . 2 3,875 88 100 4.063 New Hampshire . , 1 2,340 — — 2,34o New Jersey . . 2 8,550 — — 8.550 New York. . . . 8 30,620 200 200 31,020 Ohio . . 1 1,685 _ 1,685 Pennsylvania . 1 1,884 342 97 2,323 Rhode Island . 2 1,912 180 300, 000 302,092 South Carolina . 1 2,556 — — 2.556 PART VI.— LAND GRAM? COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES gage Table 26. Total Bankhead- Jones funds authorized to be appropriated.. 305 Table 27. Supplementary Morrill funds . 308 Table 28. Comparative summary for 1934-35 and 1935-36 . 309 1934- 35 Table 29. Staff . 310 Table 30. Students of college grade . 312 Table 31. Residence instruction . 314 Table 32. Degrees . 316 Table 33. Receipts . 320 Table 34. Expenditures . 322 Table 35. Inventories . 324 Table 36. Federal funds . 326 Table 37. Morrill-Nelson funds . 328 Table 38. Federal land-grant funds of 1862 . 329 1935- 36 Table 39. Staff . . . 330 Table 40. Students of college grade . 332 Table 41. Residence instruction . 334 Table 42. Degrees . 336 Table 43. Receipts . 340 Table 44 . Expenditures . 342 Table 45. Inventories . 344 Table 46. Federal funds . 346 Table 47. Morrill-Nelson funds . 348 Table 48. Federal land-grant funds of 1862 . 350 301 PART VI. LAND-GRANT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, 1934-35 and 1935-36 By Walter J. Greenleaf 1 Specialist in Higher Education Preliminary reports concerning the 69 land-grant colleges and uni¬ versities are published annually on November 1 for the preceding fiscal y9ar ending June 30. Two of these reports — Circular 149 for the year 1934-35, and Circular 168 for the year 1935-36 — have been revised' and edited to form this chapter. Column headings in the following tables are self-explanatory. Faculties . — One-fourth of all faculty members in higher educational institutions in the United States in 1935-36 were employed in the land- grant colleges and universities — 28 percent of the men and 18 percent of the women. Faculty salaries. — Two separate publications have been issued by the Office of Education containing data on salaries paid in land -grant institutions: Circular 157, "Salaries in Land-grant Colleges, 1935"; and Bulletin, 1937, No. 9, "College Salaries, 1936". Enrollments ( 1936 ) . — One-sixth of all college students in the United States were enrolled in the land-grant institutions in 1936 — 20 percent of all college men and 12 percent of all college women. The ratio of college men to college women in all colleges and universities was 59 to 41 compared with the ratio in the land-grant institutions of 71 to 29. Of all undergraduate students registered in arts and sciences in all of the colleges and universities of the United States, 12 percent were en¬ rolled in the land-grant institutions. First degrees (1936). — One-fifth of all first degrees (baccalaure¬ ate and first professional) granted in 1936 were awarded in the land- grant institutions — 23 percent of all first degrees to men and 16 per¬ cent of all first degrees to women. University of Alaska. — On July 1, 1935, the Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines became the University of Alaska through Ter¬ ritorial legislation. Bankhead- Jones funds. — On June 29, 1935, the Bankhead -Jones act was passed authorizing new funds to be appropriated annually to the land- grant institutions. A part of the Act is as follows: AN ACT To provide for research into basic laws and prin¬ ciples relating to agriculture and to provide for the further development of cooperative ag¬ ricultural extension work and the more complete endowment and support of land-grant colleges. 1 Assisted by Maude Farr, statistical clerk. 303 304 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep¬ resentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, TITLE I Sec. 1-BO. (Applies to funds supervised by the U. S. Department of Agriculture • )********* TITLE II Section 21. In order to further develop the cooperative extension system, etc. (Supervised by the Department of Agriculture. )************* Section 2B. (Supervised by Department of the Interior.) In order to provide for the more com¬ plete endowment and support of the colleges in the several States and the Territory of Hawaii entitled to the benefits of the Act entitled "An Act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts", approved July 2, 1862, as amended and supplemented (U. S. C., title 7, secs. 301-328; Supp. VII, sec. 304) , there are hereby authorized to be appropri¬ ated annually, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the following amounts: (a) For the fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act, and for each fiscal year thereafter, $980,000; and (b) For the fiscal year following the first fiscal year for which an appropriation is made in pursuance of paragraph (a) $500,000, and for each of the two fiscal years thereafter $500,000 more than the amount authorized to be appropriated for the preceding fiscal year, and for each fiscal year thereafter $1,500,000. The sums appropriated in pursuance of paragraph (a) shall be paid an¬ nually to the several States and the Territory of Hawaii in equal shares. The slims appropriated in pursuance of paragraph (b) shall be in addition to sums appropriated in pursuance of paragraph (a) and shall be allotted and paid annually to each of the several States and the Territory of Hawaii in the proportion which the total population of each such State and the Territory of Hawaii bears to the total population of all the States and the Territory of Hawaii, as determined by the last preceding decennial census. Sums appropriated in pursuance of this section shall be in addition to suras appropriated or authorized under such Act of July 2,- 1862, as amended and supplemented, and shall be applied only for the purposes of the col¬ leges defined in 3uch Act, as amended and supple¬ mented. The provisions of law applicable to the use and payment of sums under the Act entitled "An Act to apply a portion of the proceeds of the pub¬ lic lands to the more complete endowment and sup¬ port of the colleges for the benefit of agricul- HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 305 ture and the mechanic arts established under the provisions of an Act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two", approved August 30, 1890, as amended and supplemented, shall apply to the use and payment of sums appro¬ priated in pursuance of this section. Approved, June 29, 1935. (Public, No. 182 — 74th Congress) (H. R. 7160) TABLE 26.— TOTAL BANKHEAD-J ONES FUNDS AUTHORIZED TO BE APPROPRIATED Supervised by Year : Department of : the Interior Department of : (Section 22 Agriculture : of act) Total 1 2 : 3 4 1935-36 . $9,000,000 $ 980,000 11,000,000 1,480,000 13,000,000 1,980,000 15,000,000 2,480,000 17,000,000 2,480,000 $9,980,000 12,480,000 14,980,000 17,480,000 19,480,000 1936- 37 . 1937- 38 . 1938- 39 . 1939- 40 and thereafter... 306 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 SUBJECT MATTER FIELDS ALLOWED. These Federal funds are to be ap¬ plied only to instruction in — A. Agri culture . — Agriculture, horticulture , forestry, agronomy, animal husbandry, dairying, veterinary science, poultry industry, api¬ culture, etc. B. Mechanic arts.— Mechanical, civil, electrical, irrigation, mining, marine, railway, and experimental engineering; textile industry, farm mechanics, architecture, machine design,, mechanical drawing, ce¬ ramics, stenography, typewriting, printing, shop work, drawing, etc. C. English language. — English language, English literature, composition, rhetoric, and oratory, etc. D. Mathematical sciences. — Mathematics, bookkeeping, and as¬ tronomy, etc. E. Natural and physical sciences. — Chemistry, physics, biology, botany, zoology, geology, mineralogy, metallurgy, entomology, physiology, bacteriology, pharmacy, physical geography, meteorology, etc. F. Economic sciences. — Political economy, home economics, com¬ mercial geography, sociology, etc. G. Special preparation of teachers 0 — Subjects with special ref¬ erence to agriculture, mechanic arts, and home economics: History of in¬ dustrial education, methods and special instruction for teachers. All or a part of the funds provided by the act of March 4, 1907, may be used "for providing courses for the special preparation of instructors for teaching the elements of agriculture and mechanic arts." It is held that this language authorizes expenditures for instruction (a) in history of agriculture and industrial education, (b) in methods of teaching agricul¬ ture, mechanic arts, and home economics, and (c) for special aid and su¬ pervision given to teachers actively engaged in teaching agriculture, me¬ chanic arts, and home economics in public schools. Fields NOT authorized. — No part of the above-mentioned funds may be used for any form of extension work, and all instruction must be given at the institutions receiving these funds, except that a reasonable portion of the fund provided by the act of 1907 may be used for the in¬ struction of teachers in agriculture, mechanic arts, and domestic science at summer schools, teachers’ institutes, and by correspondence, and in supervision and directing work of these subjects in high schools. Expenditures are NOT authorized for courses in — Ancient languages History of education Pedagogy Logic Philosophy Methods of teaching Psychology Military science and Research tactics Modern languages (except English) SALARIES. These funds may be used for the payment of salaries of instructors in the allowed subjects only. When an administi^ative officer also gives instruction in any of the branches of study mentioned in the act of August 30, 1890, or when an instructor gives such instruction and also devotes part of his time to giving instruction in branches of study not mentioned in the said act, ONLY A PART of such person’s salary proportionate to the time devoted to giving instruction in the branches of study mentioned in the said act can be charged to these funds. In the division of time between instructional and other services, one hour of instruction shall be regarded as equiva¬ lent to two hours of administrative, supervisory, or experiment-station work. Civil government Ethics Extension work History Salaries NOT authorized. The salaries of purely administrative officers, such as treasurers, presidents, secretaries, bookkeepers, jan¬ itors, watchmen, superintendents, foremen, matrons, unskilled laborers, HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 307 assistants in shops, laboratories and fields, experiment-station staff; instructors employed in research work or in collecting classifying, and arranging specimens, collections, or exhibits; instructors in philosophy, psychology, ethics, logic, history civil government, pedagogy, military science and tactics, ancient and modern languages (except English); and in extension v/ork, cannot be charged to these funds. Nor may the funds be used for the salaries of instructors improperly trained or incompetent for the positions they are supposed to fill. FACILITIES. Purchases are authorized from these funds for apparatus, machinery, textbooks, reference books, stock, and material used in in¬ struction, or for purposes of illustration in connection with any of the allowed subject-matter fields. The nature of materials purchased must be shown. In case of machinery (such as boilers, engines, pumps, etc.) and farm stock, which are made to serve for both instructional and other pur¬ poses, the Federal funds may be charged with only an EQUITABLE PORTION of the cost of said machinery and stock. Facilities not authorized. No portion of said moneys shall be applied directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatever, to the pur¬ chase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings (Act of 1890, sec. 3), nor for the permanent improvement to buildings, grounds, and farms, such as clearing, draining, and fencing of land, nor for the heating or lighting of buildings, nor for musical instruments , military equipment, furniture, cases, shelving, desks, blackboards, tables, lockers, etc. The purchase of land is not allowable. (Ruling March, 1391.) 308 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 27.— SUPPLEMENTARY MORRILL FUNDS State : 1934-35 « 1935-36 1936-37 1937-38 : 1938-39 and thereafter 1 Population : 1930 census - 1 - ; — 2 s 3 « 4 8 T ♦Alabama . $50,000 $70,000 $80,767.23 $91,574.46 * $102,361.69 2.646.24S Alaska . 50,000 50,000 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 Excluded Arizona . 50,000 70,000 71,775.58 73,551.16 75,326.74 435.573 ♦Arkansas . . 50,000 70,000 77.559.66 85.119.32 92,678.98 1,854,482 California . 50,000 70,000 93.142.88 116,285.76 139.428.64 5,677,251 Colorado. . . 50,000 70,000 74,222.32 78,444.64 82,666.96 1,035,791 Connecticut. ....... 50, 000 70,000 76,550.42 83,100.84 89,651.26 1,606,903 ♦Delaware . 50,000 70,000 70,971.74 71,943.48 72,915.22 238,380 ♦Florida . . 50,000 70,000 75.985-05 81,970.10 87.955.15 1,468,211 ♦Georgia . . 50,000 70,000 81,856.31 93,712.62 105,568.93 2,908,506 Hawaii . 50,000 70,000 71,501.49 73,002.98 74.504.4' 368,336 Idaho. . 50,000 70,000 7i,ei4.i4 73,628.28 75,442.42 445,032 Illinois . 50,000 70,000 101, 105.78 132,211.56 163,317.34 7,630,654 Indiana . 50,000 70, 000 83,201.51 96,403.02 109,604.53 3,238,503 Iowa . . 50,000 70,000 80,072.60 90,145.20 100,217.80 2,470,939 Kansas . 50,000 70,000 77,667.75 85,335.50 93,003.25 1,880,999 50,000 70,000 80,658.17 91,316.34 101,974.51 2,614,589 ♦Louisiana. . 50,000 70,000 7e.566.99 87,133.98 95,700.97 2, 101,593 Maine . 50,000 70, CCC 73,250.64 76,501.28 79,751-92 797.423 ♦Maryland .......... 50,000 70,000 76,650.79 83,301.58 89.952.37 1,631,526 Mas sachusetts ...... 50,000 70,000 87,323.23 104,646.46 121,969.69 4,249,614 Michigan. . . 50,000 70,000 89.739.37 109,478.74 129,218.11 4,842,325 Minnesota . . 50,000 70,000 80,451.76 90,903.52 101,355.26 2,563,953 ♦Mississippi . 50,000 70,000 78,192.88 86,385.76 94.578.64 2, 009,821 ♦Missouri. . . . 50,000 70, 000 84,794.84 99,589.68 114,384.52 3,629,367 Montana . 50,000 70,000 72,191.51 74,383.02 76,574.53 537,606 Nebraska. .. ........ 50,000 70,000 75.6l7.l6 81.234.32 86,851.48 1,377.963 Nevada •• . . . . . 50,000 70,000 70,371.19 70,742.38 71,113.57 91,058 New Hampshire...... 50,000 70,000 71.896.73 73,793.46 75,690.19 465,293 New Jersey . . 50,000 70,000 86,474.19 102,948.38 119.422.57 4,041,334 New Mexico. . . . . 50,000 70,000 71,725.62 73,451.24 75,176.86 423,317 New York . 50,000 70,000 121,314.30 172,628.60 223,942.90 12,588,066 ♦North Carolina.... 50,000 70, 000 82,923.39 95,846.78 108,770.17 3,170,276 North Dakota. . 50,000 70,000 72,775 .41 75,550.82 78,326.23 680,845 Ohio . 50,000 70,000 97.094.76 124,189.52 151,284.28 6,646,697 ♦Oklahoma . 50,000 70,000 79,767.28 89,534.56 99,301.84 2,396,040 Oregon . 50,000 70,000 73,888.04 77,776.08 81,664.12 953,786 Pennsylvania . . 50,000 70,000 109,261.47 148,522.94 187,784.41 9,631,350 Puerto Rico . 50,000 50,000 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 Excluded Rhode Island...... . 50, 000 70,000 72,802.53 75,605.06 78,407.59 687.497 ♦South Carolina.... 50,000 70,000 77,087.94 84,175.88 91,263.82 1,738,765 South Dakota . . 50,000 70,000 72,824.35 75,648.70 78,473.05 692,849 ♦Tennessee.. . . 50,000 70,000 80,666.19 91,332.38 101,998.57 2,616,556 ♦Texas . . 50,000 70,000 93,744.01 117,488.02 141,232.03 5,824,715 Utah . 50,000 70,000 72,070.20 74, l4o.4o 76,210.60 507,847 Vermont ............ 50,000 70,000 71,465.93 72,931.86 74.397.79 359,611 ♦Virginia. ...... ... 50,000 70,000 79,872.49 89,744.98 99,617.47 2,421,851 Washington. ........ 50,000 70,000 76,373.07 82,746.14 89,119.21 1.563,396 ♦West Virginia..... 50,000 70,000 77,048.97 84,097.94 91,146.91 1,729,205 Wisconsin . . 50,000 70,000 81,980.64 93,961.28 105,941.92 2,939,006 Wyoming . 50,000 70,000 70,919.50 71,839.00 72,758.50 225,565 Total . 2,550,000 3,530,000 4,030,000.00 4,530,000.00 5,030,000.00 122,656,513 (100^-base) ♦The negro land-grant college in this State will receive the usual proportion of funds. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 309 TABLE 23.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY FOR 1934-35 AND 1935-36 Comparative Summary 1934-1035 ' . 1935-1 93~5~ : 52 land- : Total (69) 52 land- : Total (69) Staff , students, and finances : grant : including grant : including : colleges :17 Negro land- colleges :17 Negro land- : (white) :grant colleges (white) : grant colleges 1 : 2 : 2 4 5 A. Professors, instructors, extension workers and experiment station staff . . 22,553 _ 23.361 _ 25.001 _ 25.889 II. STUDENTS: A. Of college grade: Total . B. Undergraduates (resident) . C. Specials . D. Graduate students . . E. Nonresident students: 1. Correspondence. . . 2. Extension . . F. Summer session 1933 and 193^ . G. Freshman students . H. Military science and drill . . . 3.123 . 15,500 . 21,444 . 56.266 . 54.083 190.313 171,690 3.123 15.500 21.756 6o,o4l 60.279 57.166 47.240 200,456 180,616 3.134 16,706 20,949 68,458 55,855 58,567 60.912 209.455 189,615 3.134 16,706 21.035 71,880 62,978 61,869 61.777 t. DEGREES: A. First degrees . . . 28,003 29,037 28,946 29,868 B. Master's . 3,782 4,i4i 4,i4i C. Doctor's. . 1.000 892 852 IV. PROPERTY VALUES: A. Lands (campus and farms) . $58,017,291 B. Buildings and dormitories . 264,253,920 C. Equipment, books, apparatus, stock, etc.. . 97.394.6l6 D. Funds: 1. Endowment . 129,812,769 2. Annuity . 3 ,454, 2l6 3. Student loan . 7.978.518 $59,368,987 274,899, 812 99,615,281 $61,387,344 275,252,038 104,370.473 $62,943,520 2g6.44g.647 106,876,973 130,215,266 134,906,688 135,405,486 3.454,216 2.763,877 2,763.877 7.981.040_ 6.441,076 6.441,910 V. FEDERAL LAND-GRANT FUNDS: (ENDOWMENTS) A. 1862 land-grant: 1. Amount of fund (case) . 2. Value of unsold lands . 3. Income (including balances) . B. Other land-grants: 1. Income . VI. FEDERAL APPROPRIATIONS: A. Supplementary Morrill, 1890, 1907 and 1935 • B. Hatch-Adams, 1887 . C. Snith-Lever , 1914 . D. Additional cooperative extension funds . E. Smith-Hughes, 1917 . F. Clarke-McNary, 1924 . 0. Purnell, I925 . H. Capper-Ketcham, 1928 . I. Bankhead Jones (Sec. 1-21), 1935 . . J. Public Works Administration, 1935 . K. Military training fund6 (War Department) . . . Total (including endowment income) . VII. RECEIPTS: A. Student fees . B. Endowment income . C. Appropriation from: 1. Federal government . 2. State . . 3. County or district . D. Private gifts and grants . . E. Sales and services . . . . F. Auxiliary enterprises and activities . G. Miscellaneous receipts . Total receipts . 23.338.351 23,740,84s 23,870,622 24, 370,320 . 5,131.107 5.131.107 5,009,46s 5.009,46s 1,315,430 1.337,434 1,347,881 1,371.290 . _ U _ 1 487.189 487.189 . 2,302,310 2,550,000 3,185.528 3,530,000 . 1,432,419 1,432.419 1.439,001 1.439,001 . 6,148,853 6,i4s,853 6,971.260 6,971,260 . 1,003,856 1,003,856 981,304 981,304 576,897 623,466 523.694 576,498 58,894 58,894 68,584 68, 5& . 2.727.554 2.727.554 2,730,224 2,730,224 . 1,458,405 1.458,405 1,814,166 1,814,166 2/ i/ 7.515.018 7,543.973 . 441,659 451.659 4,603,866 4,991,170 3/ 3/ 844.038 844.038 . _ 17.837.422 _ 18.163.685 32.269.029 33.105.973 . 18,735.943 19.036,769 20,558.223 20,879.478 . 5,744, 844 5,766,848 5.758.716 5,782.125 . 16,150,847 16,455,106 30,676,683 31,490,218 55. 883,516 57.107.985 60,794.133 62,194,043 1.933.414 1.936,574 2,042,405 2,053.724 3.180.595 3.210,327 2.637.591 2.725.558 7.727.721* 7,825,429 8,546.158 8,659,611 . 16,823,454 17,686.305 20,385,481 21,518,785 4.513.816 4.624.814 6.596.059 6.998.032 130.694.153 133.650.157 157.995.449 162.301.574 VIII. EXPENDITURES: A. Current expense: 1. Educational and general purposes . 2. Auxiliary enterprises and activities. 3. Noneducational purposes . B. Capital outlays . 102,104,140 103,982,433 i5.9il.i53 16,648,213 2.075,297 2,105,605 8.027.485_ 8.205.990 116.875. 304 119,042,936 18,375.702 19.332.325 2,808,311 2,870,694 14.377 .907_ 15.216^81 Total expenditures. 128,118,073 130,940,241 152,437,224 156,462,536 1/ Not given for 1935- 2/ Not effective until July 1, 1935. U Not included in totals for 1934-35. TABLE 29.— staff, 1934-35 310 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HI&HER INSTITUTIONS 311 s i s s 2 S S 8 S S as a132§ S2IS1 13 gsssa ss ">i N sIalI 33883 ss CM CM tO H 'O rHISHCMrH «OtO assss g g s s £ ss ^SSSS 2g82£ 28 assss sssss 28 2 18 3! 2 8 n S S S 8 *3*88 “2222 2S ""“151 ^"S0* ^ * “2233 228Sg ^ Sd 2 2*22 2m252 3 g^gg r^ss S 8*22 22252 2 g*-g8 : : ; i : : i : : : : : i : : ; ; : : : ! ! ! ! 8 w ~ ! - ! ! i : ! s *- ■> : u>'- 2^222 “ 2 ” 01 2 ■>2222 2 8*88 UO *H -M* CN lO CM »H C*- •<*■<**< CO CM U) fr- CM 0> G» *■ 2 £2g 55 2 § •M* gg sag. S2 | 2* "2 £2g 55 2 § g8 888 S£ g ■a i : : : : : s 2 ! ! ; ; : i i i CM "" ®is SN S *8 2 ! ~ 8* 2 O 10 2 22m g* 2 gg 828 gg 2 2 MN S"5*' *'° g u>'° 2 " g 10,0 2 g 2 I 8 : ! 8 3 I 1 s 2 8 •M* 1 2 8 in 8 SJ 3 i 1 CM 2 (O 3 CM § 2 i 8 1934-35 312 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 3R853 85563 s&mi S®®^ sssb nm i i lillt CM RS5S8 85335 r* SissS. 8S58S 8835$ SiSSi “St58i « ;asa§ Si®S8 *\H\ lRR33 t i isl : i i !$l isli i i ISIS i i \t i 138*" S, i?s«s® CO* mn 83338 8*888 - --a 688H $*5$$ r-4 CM r-T HCD N\fO s|«*5 ""I** *l*«6 SS-SiR «€§* ; ‘’'Sras i^i i i 8!**" “SWg i-i i i 35388 m 531 w* 83333 rH CM* 155 83 83538 **- 88® 33833 8«5 i£ 83338 ££ 535 w* SitSS §S§ 55 85555 3S IIS CM S i S i S 88$ S i 338SS 35 i sis is 5««‘ 6i *$$38 i i CM* 318! S rs 15 *3rs i i p- *isi i r s P 5, 388® S i i !5! Si£i i i i i S3 &s§*i i i IS! 5181 S i i i 85 Ii 58885 83 38* r-T UN 353*3 rH CM 635 *5 33133 «M*cJ^rH*01* B 585 CM CM* CO* rH* 88883 883 ~ s 38 rU 3&=f2& 82 3|^ gag&s aS3 i- ist&S&S Is Ip n ss 100 5i 5 80 CM rH *r 3 ! ! S'0' 5?i?8 i i -S" £ | !S& I is UNCO &*638 m*$ 3535s CM* 1-i S»ksI sSSs® SSBSS 85833 8* 33* 88S86 «3£ -T tf pia 35 m mu *8 cJrTlOr^cJ rH cJ r4“ CW K\ r* ^ K> rH §55*8 5! I N* B888 g i » 38888 §£ S 3885.8. ** - pip *» - o? ^ i®!36 Si i iRS58 i S i ssr* Si S !§!§* Si i 88668 IS 8 §* 8 RSSK?” ^ ! » 8338^ «i ® i£~§£ »i i i §^38 3 ; j 8*58$ 8! § CM rH f 33J8 *3 8 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS $ £ t 3 £ S' § & ITv 3 53 I R * ON S 9 s £ I g 5 s 3 ! s £ £ s 3 fi i O 1/ Includes women, BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 314 - — 3 ^SR ! ill! “SH& g«K8 S5SS8 C\J fH s?s*& s«sa* hssi *$8*§ SS&83 C\Jn ft §*£53 «H OJH mM ??*?? rH r — (\J OJ *H K\H CM 88SE3 OJ r-t SSSS8 i-» ^ H H 8553* r^Cv? fi rA ! 1 !®l *ISSI 1 i^i I ! I*' “iiii SI IS® SI'S* S i i i i IMIS SI i i i i isi i iiii! ! I5J i SI i i i INI" ! I3SI I i i IS 1 MSI i i»i i SI i i “ Si II* mu iiii! -ipis i 1 ISI ®ISI i iiii i ■IIII ~\ i i i i if! i i ISi ! iiii! “if i i isi i i I i i i i ! i i i S i iii i i !*ip i 1UI »if i i i i 8 : i Si i i i ! i 1 ! i 1 1*1 1 i i i i i iiii! him •iiii i i i i i IIIS» l*SU i . isSis i MSI 3 i g i i iiii- Sifi i i ! S i S i ISI» i ISI i iiii! V, ! i ! i i i i i i i * i * §i*l i *i«KS urn i ISSI 1*1 IS ftl i if I8ISS i 1*31 i iffi Mil* 1 i 181 i I SSI mn i 151 ! Mill iiii i 1*1 i i ISI i i iiii! siss* fcisap 2RSKR im« OJ r-T l«RSR SSSS& I 1 IS* i*ais ISSKB i H S«S*I IsiS* Mill i°»!” i-i i i*i£! ®l 1*1 nn ° i i “ i *1**1 !*&*& 53*®* IS*** §***« s» ; Rg. WS* “1— I I38&S g»gSR IR«S5 a8!*® Sl*»l i«pps jgfl&RS' $3**8 I l**|- lalfS S I — i IE*3I §K“i“ Pir s**5® i i I 1 1 MM* *n i |8|*| ; s?f^ ; ® i i i 8' 9*1*1 i i j i ! ! if! i 1 1 ! 1ST i i isi 11*1. i iiii; SI i ; 1 1 1 l-fti IS&1 i i^i i i i iiR* S8sl i 1*15! 3 SR 1 R OJ i i 1*1 MSI i *1111 ; i ! 3 I -iiii i if — i i 1*1 8I*SB ISS5S i i is* SS8*S 53555 m*z • 1*83 m\ i i£«*a i i 33. i 8131 i §i m 3585* OJ S*s§I 235K8 §1828 fH fH VO SIS*? t&iss HIGHER INSTITUTIONS % % £ t s f #-T 8 CM a i 5 a t § 50 f CM s £ 8 £ i i VD a IT\ § ! § i I 3 | i p i I 316 Jin if n 9 u als II! 9 3‘S ° S © aj i A 7. 3 aa ill 8J. ■as l*as 11 ;:ii. 1 1 iN irs if «i ri i: r* BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION. 111“' 1 1 I 1 1 1 M" 1 Mill 1 ! *R *1**1 1 “'SRI KMO ITlrH If! ri rH III! m i *s ISRIfi rH CM CM | -'"is 1 1 1 1 1 1 rvw i i MS II la0^ “'MSI 1 s iasa Map °'!^ 1 ISRSR VO CM HNCM rH Jt rt*-ON S I •'I NHIMIOH JMJJ RM r-VOM^O M* a~ 5SNaj Ml VON *P I SI I 11*1 II PI I I w r“ I I 8^ rH I Ml I I Sr I | tfNOjt | l"a I III'. 1 C\3vS I Ml I I pi I 1 «** II “ I RI I I s o\k\ i 1 1 i i * HN | CM II II II II I w II | ON UN UN ITNIONHKN Jt rH *1111 R I I I I pspm &SPIS 1 1 1 w i 1 1 1 •'i I rH VO I CM I I R^^S I HIM ! 1 U 1 1 M *~ 1 iaa,~a Rap ONf^- P3PPP -Mil ia | i 1 1 a: m i M S' 1 ( 5i i a HNCM ON pH to VO 1 UNCvl UN I MRII VO 1 1 7$a -S'C UN^ 1 rH pH CM rH 11*1 1 PI 1 PS On pH CO rHVO VO CM CM HN rH 2 17 ~ 1* 1 1 ^ [KNtO , UMR^Rl R pH f-» IRS'R j to CNr-eor— to I i SI **§ii f-ssas smssi? mb ||S5I H 03 ^ V< V4 *H o o o ijsl S 5 •assss SUSS; S55S S I p I jp CM HN | HN K3 a •« : if : 9 il :g :g :J M :* III! :1 :£ e • M • fH •*SHS » ^ ° »■* °w • KN I O UNONO I RjAMSP I"- to pH cr» ON S5~H* •a 5 f sg 3 !* O H © O a o 11* iiiSiji i £,a,SflS,5 o ♦* * C U fl W. -H ,25= l5l^ v. ® i o *ns fill HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 317 i 1 f 1 1 llltH W | 1 1 1 13 1 I S*0'* Pli 1 1 1 1 S' i 1 w| “ 1 1 1 1 1 1 M-'SI in. »r\ir\ K'MS' 1 loK8 »R? C'8K 1 -^sas 5't- S3 "l 33 &a°'^ “ 1 1°^ 1 IRI3 5 1 H 1 1 1 1 1 “ 1 1 i 1 1 lrt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 1*1 HIM I 1 °M lH 1 ^ 1 1 1 1 1 i * 1 131 5 15 11 1 1 1 1 i 1 I lllli 1 1 : 1 1 i I I* : 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 !*•*' i 1 w 1 1 1 1 1» 6 1 I 18 ; 1 1 1 1 HIIHI w , E?K S8$ 3^3 S*g 53 1 : 1 1 1 II 1 lH w , s 1 I1*' W , S3 1 i IRI a 1 Isa &« 1 s I3R 8 1 333 K’'- i i 1 : i inr ttl in | vo to ir* 3S * 1 3S>I an*0**. £S 38 £55 — 33 P g I g £ * £ 3 1 3 ? 1 5- § 1 s & 1 s vo * & I ft ft ft i rA J- ? ft ^ in ill 3 3 & g s&s&r isg& SRftfft Seas «ftsss sws sags sas** tiii HHHH*H HHHH ftftftfl mi &&ft*s ms avo»a(N ar-*'* ftESRft ftftRft aftftg gK§6 SftgJ VOWh'5i^r 55i833 SS5S3 sssS «*sa* Ss£§ iRj?£§ P§§&& ftftft3 33STCK Rw^E? SftftSS ftt^g *ggg r-ToTcvT CM* WWW g «S8S 3Ss§ j aeiRi mt 5 sm§ tm I w*«Mh 5 3ft8*S 33£g £ «.*« ^ 5 ISSSft 3I3s a - • •_ • .• - • - j •3) AND ADVANCED DECREES CONFERRED, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1935 312 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 319 281 01 *1 1.000 1.000 8§S§ VO tO in CM »H OJ ih cm mrn r^voVt^ to to CO to 1 1 MS 1 i 1 cn» vO 1 VO R&SKStf CBiS^S rH IM rH ^7 CM ills"- i 1 R 1 £ OKMni^N to to 0 OJ 35 r^inn(T\ mto to r-* m to »h mcvj inr<- mavr— mo oioho OV CT> r^vr- 0 ^H C\J rH Mill II 53 53 invoi^volP volc\j\!? it 1 1 1 «'* 1 i R 1 R m m aiOHOin oocnr S^voflR SJSsRf l 1 1 1 1 II S' 1 f Mill 1 1 1 K 1 II -O 1 VO &h*nf\vol!? volovRvo iH 1 1 n II r n 1 ?n 1 IhSIhPm? *=}^J cTr^ 1 ^ 1 1 ~ II 3 1 M 3 RSRCSlP CSlPSg^ to 1 ^ 1 1 R II 5 1 & •H •g r-i IfMfNCVJ KN mr*-VO iH r-»H O O CO rH 0>h- in OM*- rH CTV 0 O O »H 1 1 1 1 1 II p 1 p 0 Mill S'S'&E tol tol i r i •HI rHI 3 1 1 II 1 1 S' 1 S' 1 1 1 1 1 S' EM 85 1 1 CM 3>R*RliS NVDh-sh- r^r-h-to : : 1 : r 11 <7\ 1 m H crvo&vol? voloaxa Mill II R 1 R 1 tOviHVO K\tO KMO SflSiKS » © <4 ^OH 4S*|| "S5." •ss i?ss Sisesg BS CO CT.O rH CM m^t IT 'V'Y'VTT mm ^O h- lO CA O rH OJ m^T CVI^CVJ^OjgS 33333 3333 &&&&& &&&& l! |1 © ^ . is 8 ^ , 3 3 |ji . •d a *d © o r— inocyvo P © OJ 0>fH mC\J CM O^rj'cJaOcaMCaiOMCQCO efflaJc©®©©©©®©® 531111111? I 8? 2 3 3.5,93,3,3,93 I* »H S3 > 320 biennial survey op EDUCATION, 1934-36 I r issSS iiiM •* H a *V3V3 33313 s‘s‘l 3 M.Stt S^SSg 88588 ssi!§ 11115 IsSsI 33333 383E3. ipii iiiM iiiii iiiM PW H H rl ^ U) lO K H N "J* H W 02 CvJ C\2 CO *H 02 n H t*} C^rH 33333 12113 21211 33333 Issis 12122 "SSSSi rt|S8S SS §S 88 8 3 SSSSS 33333 11112 23515 33333 llils 33333 S2§2I *SSI3 §*558 59588 *S8*8‘ 5*88‘« 25151 11251 Ills! 5iS35 33333 fills *3”* -‘"'155 S«*3 g sjB 8*8*8 5*5^ saslf ills! 88588 15855; <0 Ol rT ■«< r-T rH rt « 11551 §1311 S‘r " « 8 "a I 2$?3s ilsis |888* §8*38 Hill 13112 8‘8§Sa‘ *«33‘ 38 ! 33 eo rH rH g # iiE! i 5 * 4* 383-Si 8*558 vO ♦> 21221 5*353 «* 81838 * -‘'“‘s' 88385 S"S98 1838! 31333 iiiii 3 gSS 3-^ iiiii iiiii ! ! ! ! i “ S2 3211§ 51ili 83535 am 88|8]8 mu 11212 53383 33333 iiiii iiiii 'iiiii 31858 83883 88152 rrs SS58 a-’sss 22812 38338 22881 3*233 8*858 23823 iiiii 3 ills iis§s iiiii i i Si! 8 8 a ^"8 £ I10 S-SS ^3 iiiii iiiii ! 3 i 3 1 Iiiii iiiii a i 5 § s s‘ 8* i Silas if§2s £5212 iiiii 88388 \ i|| 58583 pfii |S5|5 3538 8 issll ills! 2112° 81525 8§855 a‘s'888‘ 15251 1588^ 22222 53833 §8535 88338 85583 885S8 11121 sgsss essss ssasa “"sag 2212s 23353 Issss sill! 22112 S‘3W S*3»5‘ sVp*s ssS3* *8*38 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 321 88888 35 §s5I! 33155 83583 55 6 724 1,151 2,409 2,290 1,666 7,112 957 *8*3* 33*58 33“355 51 i i 15351 58 ssis§ 83*1 i Sills II 1 SS£ 3S « o. ^ s s 88 galls gsSsa IIIII 31 5 sills 35 «*59' s‘s‘"'2‘s‘ «"'*S 3* g i ««8 83 31335 88183 33535 55 3 SSSSS 85 • w - *8 a | Sills IS ,904 6 317 130 755 ,500 100 ,595 » 8- £ * | to sills Si sssss iiiii iiiii is a «3” " 8 18888 33 38388 §§§53 §1111 11 1 iiiii 5i t-i tO *”8“* g‘$‘s‘s‘s‘ *‘***3 *3 8 s 13383 §3 sills 11151 88883 38 3 33588 88 SJSSSS S^&SS S3 8 a* 88383 38 SSSSS ii S s i iiiii IS 1 3g Sg10 SS * • * i to 85583 55 s$§si 83831 88838 83 1 ma 3* "• 3 * °rgs 3 SS! 3 5 S3 g 3 : : : : : : : : : : : : : I ;§ is I I 3 i i \ s 1 I i § - £ I 3 1 3 a § s « i tO I 1 8 8 ill! a 1? si !i V. M Is 1 322 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 £ <7\ £ i i M § 5 i S s&asa asm asm mn 5HS2, HSFI sms J-J agsgji iiiii r4KO r\ K\KMT\ O f"~ «£££» H H H OJ asm SESSS W ^ H |53g$$ pps VO OJ rH rH p^g Tn§§ asst s £*f£s aim SSliS mss g£~i3 R338R 833 »g»s «a*$ &$*§? a «aa £*$ £ £$853 Hi £ *£$$* si$ i^s aim sim Bsaia 53**5 MS-1* f&aat s*3as IT\ $a$a r£$£$ s *P $s£ a ga«;$a §*$ $ tf$s$s OJ OJ $$S SMS* as^es aasa* S35SS 5§s&a &K535 **l*i 88K5a I8r '8 2 **s$® &£§&!? i«*8& £P R 3$^$3 PS' 2 7e**s m§$ 8&m i IHffi isS-i anas SS5§§ .! S ill rtHR?a ^3 2 3 k * s * SSSps I*ass P aa»f& 38&8 -SP'I'SP *3883 r8 ps S' *$$3« **888 $$$*$ «$#*$ 8*$$® aaa$« fSSfcS a&saa E3855 33 aa* sasas Sr8S£ aas as iiiu rH rH fal|| 8SSR8 rH inoj oT iMM Hr NHH ali$$ H (\J WvD r sail* OJ OJ *$$$$ OJ VOH p<§H SSp IsHs ££*§>3 53858 2ft* SI earn «3SS8 SEE15 836^3 MS3S spp3& *8S6a SSSSS iass* PPP3>P 3*35* $*‘3 i?fss 38858 assia l£p£l 885*8 $&S£8 sam 58 3a a m 32 2 PS RR|3& R3*ia* -SPSJSS £*■* 2 22 °"°S ilHS “5*2 $$m & was kk iif s& **®3* 8 a&pg eg asg gg &£i™£ s 3833 S3 £3* sS s ^-trs g5 &S;?, as sps? a as as |i u| || saiai i is m£ as ft tO rtU^ IO U>Hjt VO H liiii : iiii Si ill i! * A n * § i a & 1 1 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 324 Mi A 23112 111 *tiL lit! II- §s£15 ms? SS&SS US& Si'll! SSfSs SsSSS «Sfg Sf» iiiM iiii% sssli mis sbsss gills iiiM *?s m-\ k\ oj jt\ d- w (\j ^ m o j-incuro^o lt> r- cr> cm r-T «\) ro >-t w (u^"vo i^h t\i i^cy Ifsls IlfSS SS3SS ISsSS SSS3S I3?!a S!sE* 83S*S SIS iS|a| fSp.il si||| SSSjjjE |B§SS isSM %im Mi I3&1S iffSl slSSfc SSSSS false SISII5 3ISIS SPSS i Si s^iss hh Min Mms iiiii iMM MisA si iHli §1126 88*51 falls *S§I« sflSs gfs5s *s?SI IS* iiiH UMA HUi fiiel liiif assse iimi iiMi iii CXI H H ^ OJ C\J K'v H H JvdV oT KX »H iHOMTXCJCNJ IC> »H in rH <\J 1^ » K'.H r-T OJ.^ CO r-T rH C\J rH nr Iilh II i; i i i i i I S i IK i S iii i S S i S i i i i i i ! i ! ! i 1! ! i ! I£g| i i i 3; i H mn &m t\m m$\ $\m sussi nm \%\ ’-r?£| k?s^ ss|sjp ^ si 8 s' s * 5 a i is! *in-i nan 1 iii; in 5 s »i &§3$3 mss SS8S5 !s*£f IfEti usm ££&§£ Hill IfS Mss tsM ssM sM $*M Ms* mU Hi S' ~ M H ■* * rtJt HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 325 i« KSSR ss i m a ns &*saa ££ s iii ii r-l CU r* Ss If IS I £1 fl>' jl Sr II Si* «l i# $MM ii lT»VO H ^r»KNh- r4 r+ m lal^ fl se Hu p Ii iiii! ii i &S *$£8 i 3B i'S S£!X3 ££ ii ifi i i ii $ *§ Sf ii iMp || JISrI *^§S JPS3SS la t&ajp a i 3 sssss sssss ss | | liiii liiii §1 sills liils sills i| 0 » I 1 sssss sssss ss sassa ^ a “ w ^ a^saa 0 I a § i s | i •: Mil! 8S i Mil liiii liiii i i 1 i 1 o> 8 a S S nm IlsfS sa o> 0 liiii ii lit i 111 i 1 i 8 1 a^as*5 aa a lO i a 3 -i a •1 = m" jj 5 h 3 2 a* !l !i 6- li | 1 I 32s BIEMNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 37 • — MORRILL-NELSCN FUNDS Receipts and expenditures of funds received under acts of Congress approved August 30, 1890, and March 4, 1907, for year ended June 3°> 1935 Interest : • Receipts 1934-35 : returned : Expenditures 193U-35 : : to U. S. : Land-grant institution : Balance Appropriation: Treasury : : : : Balance located in : on hand year ended : Total : (ruling : Por : For : on hand : July 1, 1934: June 30, 1935: available : Jan. 16, ’33): salaries : facilities : Total July 1. 1935 1 : 2 3 h ■ 5 6 7 8 : 9 Alabama: White . . $ $31,758.24 $31,758.24 $ $31,758.24 * $31,758.24 $ Negro . 18,241.76 18,362.69 - - 16,432.50 1,925.56 18,358.06 U.63 Alaska . 50,000.00 56,232.50 279.32 45,432.23 6, 552.01* 51.984.27 U, 21*6.23 Arizona . 50,000.00 50,000.00 12U.U7 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Arkansas : White . . 36,363.64 36,363.64 — 36,363.64 — 36,363.64 — Negro . . 13,636.36 13,636.36 — 13.636.36 — 13,636.36 — California . ... 50,000.00 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ Colorado . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Connecticut . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 - — Delaware: White . 40,000.00 40,000.00 — 40,000.00 _ 40,000.00 ... Negro . 1.25 10, OCX). 00 10,001.25 ... 10,000.00 25,000.00 10,000.00 25,000.00 1.25 Negro . _ 25,000.00 25,000.00 HI 25,000.00 HI 25,000.00 IH Georgia: White . 33.333.34 33,333.34 — 33,150.00 183,-3 k 33,333.34 — Negro . 16,666.66 16,666.66 — 16,666.66 — 16,666.66 — Hawaii . 50,000.00 50,023.62 — 50,010.00 — 50,010.00 13.62 Idaho . ... 50,000.00 50,000.00 37-89 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ Illinois . 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Indiana . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — - Iowa . 50,000.00 50,000.00 U2. 9U 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Kansas . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 U0.Q5 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Kentucky: White . — 42,750.00 42,750.00 _ 42,750.00 _ 42,750.00 _ Negro . 7,250.00 7,250.00 — - 7,250.00 — 7,250.00 — Louisiana: White . 30,159.71 30,159.71 — 30.159.71 — 30,159.71 — - Negro . 19,840.29 19,840.29 50.92 19,840.29 ... 19,840.29 ... 50,000.00 41,500.00 50,000.00 41,500.00 ___ 50,000.00 41,500.00 „ _ 50,000.00 41,500.00 ... Maryland: White . ... Negro . 8,500.00 8,500.00 — 8,500.00 — 8,500.00 — Massachusetts: Amherst.., . . 33.333.34 33.333.34 — 33.333.34 — 33,333-34 — Cambridge , . - 16,666.66 16,666.66 — 16,600.00 66.66 16,666.66 — Michigan . . .. 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Minnesota . . _ 50,000.00 50,000.00 125.79 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ Mississippi: White . . — 22,236.63 22,236.63 22,236.63 — 22,236.63 — Negro . 27,763.37 27,763.37 — 27,763.37 — 27,763.37 — - Missouri: White . . 46.22 46,875.00 46,921.22 5U.37 46,921.22 — 46,921.22 — Negro . .. 3,125.00 3,125.00 2,878.33 123.60 3,001.93 123.07 Montana . . . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 50,000.00 Nebraska . _ _ _ _ Nevada . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — New Hampshire . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — New Jersey . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — New Mexico . 263.51 50,000.00 50,263.px ___ 46,232.45 3,767.55 50,000.00 263.51 New York . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — - 48,324.69 1.675.31 50,000.00 — North Carolina: White . . . 33.500.00 33,500.00 — 33.500.00 — 33,500.00 — Negro . . . 16,500.00 16,500.00 — 16,500.00 — 16,500.00 — North Dakota . .. 50,000.00 50,000.00 71.91 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Ohio . . _ 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ Oklahoma : White . . . . — 45.000.00 45,000.00 30U.65 45,000.00 — 45,000.00 — Negro . 5,000.00 5,000.00 — 5,000.00 — 5,000.00 — Oregon . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Pennsylvania . . .. 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Puerto Rico . .. i/342.36 50,000.00 50,342.36 106.10 49,200.61 _ 49,200.61 1,11*1.75 Rhode 1 8 land . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — - 50,000.00 - — 50,000.00 — South Carolina: White... 25,000.00 25,000.00 — 25,000.00 25,000.00 — Negro . . . 25,000.00 25,612.94 — 24.294.12 705.88 25,000.00 612.91* South Dakota . .. 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Tennessee: White . _ 38,000.00 38,000.0c _ 38,000.00 _ 38,000.00 _ Negro . 1.40 12,000.00 12,001.40 12,000.15 37,500.00 — 12,000.15 1.25 Negro . _ 37, 500.00 12^500.00 37,500.00 12^500.00 in 12,500.00 in 12’,500.00 HI Utah . — 5P,ooo.oo 50,000.00 219.33 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Vermont . . _ 50,000.00 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ 50,000.00 _ Virginia: White . . _ 33,333.34 33,333.34 _ _ 33,333.34 — 33,333.34 — Negro . . — 16,666.66 16,666.66 — 16,666.66 — 16,666.66 — Washington . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — - West Virginia: White.... . . — 40,000.00 40,000.00 — 40,000.00 — 40,000.00 — Negro . 10,000.00 10,092.16 — 9.192.64 — 9,192.64 899.52 Wisconsin . _ 50,000.00 50,000.00 _ 49,837.00 165.00 50,000.00 _ Wyoming . . 50,000.00 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — 50,000.00 — Total white . . .. 6,908.21 2,302,309.90 2,309,218.11 1,407.62 2,291,143.10 12,407.90 2,303.551.00 5.667.11 Total Negro . . 828.68 247,690.10 248,518.78 50.92 244,121.08 2,755.04 246,876.12 1,642.66 Grand total. . . . , .. 7.736.89 2,550,000.00 2,557,736.89 1,458.54 2,535.264.18 15, 162.94 2,550,427.12 7,309.77 1/Balance as adjusted from $344-58 • HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 329 TABLE 38.— FEDERAL LAND-GRANT FUNDS OF 1862: PRINCIPAL, INCOME, AND DISBURSEMENTS FOR YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1935 ' Land-grant institution located in : Condition of fund Receipts : Disbursements for Balance unex- Julv 1, 1935 :Principal Unsold land Balance from previous ( Julv 1, 1931*) Income on: invested : funds : Income : from : rentals, : rights , : deferred : payments , : etc. : Total : available: June 30. : 1935 : : Faci 1- : Salaries :ities : Total : : Amount cf :fund not : including rvalue : of un- : sold land Number of acres Value 1 : 2 3 1* 5 6 : 7 6 : 9 : 10 : 11 : 12 Alabama . .$ 253.500 « c $ 20,280 t $ 20,280 $ 20,280 $ — $ 20,280 $ - Ari zona . 26,287 11*2,61*2 — — — 3.375 3.375 3.375 — 3.375 — — — — 6,633 6,633 6,633 6,633 — California . . 763,207 2,369,5i*l 23,695 — 38,069 65 38.131* 33,13U — 38,152* — Colorado . . 2*61,71*9 33.1*23 331*, 231 1»,598 23,906 2,2*05 30,909 11*. 1*1*3 ll*. 2*2*3 16,2^6 Connecticut . _ _ 276 6,752* _ 7.030 3.1*60 3,1*60 3.570 Delaware . — — — 3.735 — 3,735 3,735 — 3.735 — Florida . . 155.961* — _ - - 2,586 — 2,586 2,580 2,580 6 Georgia . — — - - 10,2*79 — 10,1*79 10.1*79 10,2*79 — Idaho . . 672.987 55.717 557,171 17,299 32*. 321 — 51,620 15.951 17,339 33,290 18,330 Illinois . . 62*9.013 _ _ _ 32,2*51 _ 32.1*51 32,1*51 --- 32,1*51 _ Indiana . — — — 17,000 — 17,000 16, 168 832 17,000 — Iowa . . 566,301* - - — _ 28.315 _ 28,315 28,315 — 28,315 _ Kansas . . 505,508 7.521 56,2*07 2*. 795 26.519 610 31,921* 25.368 25,568 6,556 Kentu cky : Whi te . . 11*2*. 078 - - — - - 2*, 322 — 1*,322 2*. 322 2*, 322 — Negro . . — — — 628 — 628 628 — 628 — Louisiana . . . • 318.313 _ _ _ 12*. 555 _ n*. 555 H*,555 U*. 555 _ Maine . — — — 5.915 — 5.915 5.915 5,915 — Maryland . - - — - - 6.957 — 6,957 — 6,957 6.957 — Massachusetts : Amherst . . . 11*6,000 - - — — 7,300 — 7.300 3,650 3.650 3.650 Cambridge 73,000 — — — 3.650 — 3,650 2,100 1,550 3,650 — Michigan . . .. 1,055,271* _ _ _ 99.005 _ 99,005 99.005 99,005 _ Minnesota . H*. 158 70,000 — 21*8,212 3,212 251,2*21* 251.1*21* 251,1*21* — Mississippi: White . . 98,575 — — — 5.912* — 5,911* 5.911* - 5.912* — Negro . .. 113.575 — — — 6,812* 5.778 12,592 5,963 6,652 10,615 1.977 Missouri . .. 2*69,721 1*2,375 169,500 — 20,1*19 6,050 26.1*69 26,1*69 — 26,1*69 — Montana . •• 556,900 65,827 658,271 1,762 18,1*21 3,82*7 21*, 030 3,631 20,397 2i*,028 2 Nebraska . . . 665,621 6.356 2*2*, 2*92* 123,096 27,972 _ - 151.068 _ — _ — 151,068 Nevada . 76l 1,102 2,578 2*. 52*8 210 7.336 5.752 - 5.752 1,582* New Hampshire . . .. 80,000 — — — 1*,800 — 1*,800 2*, 800 - 2*, 800 New Jersey . — — — 5,800 — 5.800 5,800 5,800 — New Mexico . .. 139,72*2 _ _ _ 6,312 12,112 18,2*21* 17,828 17,828 596 New York . 160 _ _ 32*,1*28 _ 3l*,i£8 32*. 1*23 3l*,l£8 North Carolina . .. 125,000 — — — 7.500 _ 7,500 7.500 - 7,500 _ North Dakota . .. 1,566,505 22.971* 229,71* 15.380 36,335 12,587 62*. 302 53,602* 5,52*5 57,12*9 7.153 Ohio . . .. 521*, 176 — — 396 31.1*51 — 31,91*7 227 227 31,620 Oklahoma 1/ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Oregon . . . 205,1*51 721 — 1.271 10,173 — 11,1*1*1* 8,122 8,122 3.322 Pennsylvania . — — — 25,000 — 25,000 25,000 25,000 — Rhode Island . — — — 2,509 — 2.509 2,509 - 2,509 — South Carolina: White.... 95.900 — — _ 5.752* — 5.751* 5.751* - 5.756 _ Negro . . . , 95,000 — — — 5,752* — 5.751* - 5,75!* 5.751* — South Dakota . .. 1*79,795 100.150 1,001,501* _ 12*. 772* 15.038 29,812 29,812 29,812 _ Tennessee . 1*00,000 - — — — 21.579 — 21,579 21,579 21.579 — Texas . — — 628 10,2*50 — 11,078 11,069 11,069 9 Utah . .. 30!*, 91*6 — — _ U+,980 — U*,9S0 - ll*,9S0 12*. 980 Vermont . — — — 7.320 — 7,320 7,320 7.320 — Virginia: White . .. 32*2*, 312 _ _ _ 12,951 _ 12.951 12,951 12.951 _ Negro . . . 173,000 — — — 3,030 — 3,030 3,030 - 3.030 — Washington . .. 1,273,2*62* 63,273 1,265,2*60 12,928 57.92*7 1.521* 72.399 71,296 71.296 1,103 — — 2,182 5.510 — 7,692 i*,950 — 2*, 950 2,71*2 Wisconsin . .. 303,595 — — — 11,919 — 11,919 11,919 — 11,919 — Wyoming . .. 383.710 71.953 719,530 1*63 15.892* 5,119 21.1*76 11,21*7 6,932 18.179 3,297 Total white . .23,338,351 2,997,552 5,131,107 187,652 1,061,622* 66,152* 1,315.1*30 991.597 72,759 1, ,06!*, 356 251,072* Total Negro . . . . 1*02,2*97 ... — — 16,226 5,778 22,001* 7,621 12,1*06 20,027 1.977 Grand total . ..23,71*0,82*8 2,997.552 5.131,107 187,652 1,077.850 71.932 1.337.1*31* 999.218 85,165 1, ,081*, 383 253,051 1/ In 1906 received a lien grant of 250,000 acres; principal in 1935 equals $3,760,195 and income $105,651. 77228' 330 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 a,cS„ 3 " H ! H | w | * | ~ l^'°® “wnas 3SSBS £S8®S SS3SS SS^SSi s i I «i! m m ill PiP Sjl!{ llfif IlPi illi! i-ffi-j i»i; j si|!f iiiii mil f|{;l l iii HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 8 o 8 3 g I SS c~ « I W I I 3 3 a 3 g i I 3 8 I | 3 § s I | irT 3 I a ! a 1 ! s § 3 | 3 § CNJ S I a § 3 | 3 8 l/At Wlnthrop Co' 332 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193^36 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 333 EE §*$f£I P S i ill j i i i i Si i i$ i i a £ E O? rHrJrH* - 3 1 si »»aa $£S3P 3 »^IRSt S| ® ss s§ a § 1 I rH* s Is $£&£ M P&S?£K » *s*3 M * si as 1 i £ rH* 1 $S »E®S$ H stisi ON 3 81*3 3S S II If S l S M s lf\ If sms Is a«!SI $ S* S II «8 8 3 - S7 rH* s Si Si IIP 5® Si iSI S II II ii i SI a l & * 2? a §* “ S it0' R8 »i i*i Si *1 |S ii S 1* 33 8 g IfN 3 3 si tiiSi Ii i i • i i i iii! ii i 1* Si | £ ®* Ii siili II i i :■ i i i i i i i ii i !» *1 § £ 3 - 3 a Si *S*88 H 3S*3S 1 &&*S H I pi SSt I » 1 ii s gm p SS«« 3 E«S8 n i 3 | £ cfK? - W*OJ*rH* vO* rH 1 i fcj a® 333 i ! i Li i i i i i ii i i i i i 8 i 8 j 3 S3 ®»3S3 i i ! : i i i i i i ii i i i ii c- & i a 2 a ii !« 32-*2s 38 S8 K! 2$*Sj& SIR r-< rH oT SS SpSIS fS fs-B SI e«s 3 E«S8 SI I £° S& U $ B K£ 3 rH* i I £ * & BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 33^ ***** SIS** to aesas OJ rH *3**3 *®a8* ppf rH lO rH OJ *38*8 |Sip issp ma« i£s£s 88*8* OJ OJ r^rH OJ rH OJ CO rH yf£ psss to OJ OJJ* rH S i i if «n s®aai PS*! •sir ~i i r Si |*» SI**! a i i i i aim i i i is arm i isi i m i - 1 i isi i Si i i i *1 1 18 i i i« 1193! m na i i 111 i i«i i 8111® si9i§ i i i i- i i •; i i i i S i i *1*19 i i 1*1 « i 9 i i ill IT - i i i i i i-i i i i •: i i i i£i i i 1*1 •: i i ! i i i iai i i i i i i i ri s SI SI* i i i i i 1 111 1 i !&!£ i i if i s i Si i i 181 1 si i i i INI® i i i i i i i * i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i *111! i i i i i i isH i i i s~ 1*81 i iasi8 i i isi sisi i i 181 i Si i is i i i S i m «a i isi* i isi i i i i i i f i I i i *1111 i r i •: 91*91 **» i * 3 i sfa -ssss i 1**1 2S°- 3*11* R9SR8 i i i i i FI i is 1*13* i i^si i l*S! 1 III* i !I8I i 1881 i i«i i i i 1°'! i isi i i i i 1 i i i i i i i «* i i i i i i i S i i i i H W H *3 ass \%U* 9**8* 93833 88899 siasi 1**99 I193S **ai* ~iar lass* 75 731 i — is III*! jg-a ; - r-i •: 1*181 *i i*i i iPi 5i Pi si*ip *1**1 ! -SSs 1*39* **188 9898* 2i* i£ 5 i i i-°£s 8S*«R 1*®** 9*9** RV3 5 KS Ss~^ *1*18 *l*»l ~-£ss S"»— is*a* S3 j ££ sas'S)? rH rH si i i i i l*«l 1*183 §19*1 i**8i |\w? j e Ial3a 8339* mu i i i i i Hi Is *a-| i pri i«l® i i I** — 1*1 i i ! is i i i i i i l£! i i PIS i i i*r i Pi i i i i i i ami i if STB Ml Elf ISg! i 11*1 i i i iH 88819 s-isi mis OJ an if i 11*1 i isi i s; i i i PPi i i i i ; i is0'- *1*®! Sissf B5*SR SSISS ISSis i i £& £s£Ka ssssS SS5«S fiasiE. 11*8* »Rgi i mn i i 1$8 Ri^«» si iss 8*888 m** fsff & isass asm 8 i m sasH *sq il 39S$3 rH fO »H K\ rH rH H ftj if\ H W rH rH OJ rH HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 335 336 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 HIC-HEE INSTITUTIONS 337 : i i t i 1 1 IS s I I R I I ! I I ! I II I S I & I II III I I I I III uS CM CM VO l i I I S I I l\8 I IS I I £ II III S I SJ 3S §?s Sf r-i O rH r-* O »H 1*4 I I I I I - ITNCU K\ vo | $jvo r ! 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IS Mill 1 1 VD S 1 a : : rt 1 1 1 i Ml 1 1 K 1 K : i PM 1 1115^ 1 1 & ■ a 1 1 Mill 1 1 S' 1 S' : : 1 1 1 1113^ 1 1 S 1 s : i 1 I i 1 1 1 1 S' 1 S' ! 1 M 1 Mil 1 «> 1 s? 1 S' i 1 !s> IS 1 \S> J? 1 § 1 ? i 1 i 1 1 HIM 1 1 a i a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 U> r-l 3 1 S' 1 1 131 1 1 1 IS s" £ • H 1 s 1 1 s Mill i 1 s » s i : ^ 1 1 Mill 1 1 s 5 a “ ! 8SM “3 1 «3S * 1 § ! 1 1 i 1 N II II 1 1 s • £ 1 l : 1 1 II 13 1 1 1 3 i a i i; 11 i! *1 ii h !» 'St 3“ ii ii 2jj &tt ililililllil! mtia^aaiia 34o BIENNIAL 3URVE2 OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 sssii Bigg asa es'ssi sss^S sSSSS H8$f ESS33 ' ' rese esia C\T K> KN O' *“T * ON £ 1 iT mn mn mu mu mu mm mm mu \m% &*§'*§[ "£<*£:$ J»»j§g «»§!$£ $& ^rf8rf^ SsM* £-£• | h$\% cb»3£ mm urn mm mm m&* mm mm m s ***« mu i*m mm mm s*s# mm mm rH hm ls»3S 81SSS pfSSS SiSM $2reS IS8S5 3SI8? *g$3S g^s| »»»RS s«g|§ |'K»sg s ®1S 44£*§ 3p» ea'Bs's -Wfcfs Ie isa isasi sires sires isisi sisre sure sasss iiits ■a* a « « s?$8? *«*?? 8 i » a^s ff stf ii*Si iiSli i&ll! ISiiS SilS^tiiiS iSi^i !!£!! ii^s^ 2 8 B s - 4 i K I S I" 3 IliSs BSSs asssi HISS SiSSs saHs ISiSS SS8SS ISSstS saiil sirei sssSS si'gsl s' iii nrel iiiii iiiii ii as «• j iJJ «; -• jj - - «• «,- «* Isass XSESs SSkSS SI3SB SSal* fSSSS sl§£§ 8S33S SS2BS B3H ssare s»'eW sisss s'-sre Ss'ire s£si'S sgs'ss sess® ri a a a hm mu mu urn sssas %m$ mu mu urn s a'^g a^stes? gsfcjai ^“M»a stsV|3' ss&«3 1%*^ pgstfg mu fssre 8«»es srere sress miss res*s resss itsss rssi sresl s>‘sm slifg' sssa* ss‘s~s g*i§«' Is's'is re's're «-T ri J rl HI&HER INSTITUTIONS 341 S3SB SI BSH S§ "'*#£ 3'§ MUS Sf ss'sls as H* S83tt i*e$& si’s r i i 5s'-" SIMS «« t$M4 it ri KN mn s* raft li zms is *gs'sp ®st BS5SH fSgVg K£ H§3$ Ss'»'S3 Si taiss ssiss i i®s$ ** e -•- ”• »s "“>• j sasss 8ssm mss® m 3»»£5 S3JS?3 332 3 * t^vOCUON's gfsRgtf S°* 1*l« n*a x !!!!! 11 ! H $ $ i £ - i hi | i i 'O >c 3 I 3 is a 8 5! 1 3 3 HI CD CD 3 * $ w , ! I iiiii iili UiU « Pi 342 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 SSSpS EBK SSISa gSS£§ S5s8s SS8S3 313S8 iUU esssi Hi# Misi sip's' mMi i&Ma HrtvOWMft cJcy'lfN-l^f r-l JO CV| r* N^l r-l KS CY rH vQ CY Ci'^f r-T H H (J ISkSs £15 is SisSi 3&S3E sliSS g«3sl SEgiS IS'l'P HE 8" S' U B#5 1'8 IS Hi# §83 3 rt'rH* • rH* M ri CU* ItSSSs SB IS Siissi IBIS Bssg SSsSS S»Si3 assM He s s' il pis's fe'sss sis'# iil i -S'-* r-l r-l HKS r-l r-T r* CY* CY O? ssssr ggsis mis isssg hi si sssse issh S'llH H's'H t'®»3® PH® *'*' g- i|ag® |aagg h w i-T \\m sm\ $\m mi! sssss meg "Ss'kr §»» s?£ a £ ia$>* & a pigs a ^§ sssss mu astsfc mm SHSS S'®'S'H HHS Is's# 3'## lis'H S'S'H'g rH* rH* 3835E ISisg* 13SSS 8ESSS SSSSS S8SS3 38688 a'si'si ss'ssi ass'# iiiil imii it Hi sip's hV«V J“or«fJcJ ih'cy'cy'vO CY* CY* rH* evT so' r-T U>HrtK\H «-T »-? r-T KN mss mm mm sms §&se& **$£3 siiii a’ggs'a Hii®' PH's HW sis'# Hiss SSS88 S1S3E fSS§8 S8S8S ES8S® im& ESS&g 3®gs*f *sas?i s?ks§0'* gi^sa' ^‘s^a urn sssas smt ssise mm mu itiii Mm i Hi iim si ii ii&ii MMi ci SESSS SBS3S SSIkI SHH SsSkS ®HH §£££& piiss is'isf i'*W «Iks isa'ss iiiii Hs'ig 8SISI SSSIS 58HE IlggS SSsSS 38833 8SSSS saps sm§ iiM$ sPi's |shs sips i#§'i SStlS SS388 BBS SssIS HM£ 51138 833sS KS|g® Igfgs sgs's'K s'3giP iR|SK Sfs§s SSsfg HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 3*3 rH tvioTcU £3 ness is ®His ga CM" p|| || c\T mm h mii i& mm I : ii** $ s&&* s$ iMii M h $s§# li MJ* sssss 33 ®*s$3 iv mn s$ asiis S<3 sssli 1$ Sills' jK 333583 §§ 3*MS B5 «SS|g §| *31 §§ 33 «»&££ ss ssasg a a*ss s's*sa t 2»si S i ESS i SSSS ,i £§ £ KS rftf 33 III §3 s"g S‘g| |g SS ISS S# sae ss II R3£ S3 2£ R$3 £& II sal II us* oTSos* ri" is H£ Is 3 3 3 hcJ III 4 » 3 2 ^ ^ 3 E 3 I s i i § cu I £ a I e 3' i i s 3 S i s' ft I f » s I 3 3 £ i H °° I ! Hi 1 1 I YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1936 344 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 82382 iiiii iiiii i^slS »lla§ 388 §8 22823 IsSis !8§S§ in if iiii 85881 §8888 « CM N 10 « 83282 33883 3358‘S 88833 wwra 28362 33832 3“35S8 38888 32383 a‘8S|8 38|38 88833 illls 8838“8 S2‘3‘33‘ '"-S'0'0 NtoSN'° 88888 3S233 32828 3S838 ssall IISSS Slsss si a" 11 Ill'll 13511 "3” 8* 0 N S oi * S'" S'*" S*0-*- *»«»3 88888 33883 33828 88888 23888 tpp ppi p'ip pep ssss8 82828 33832 32283 68838 islss lijp *‘3“382’ p8S3 iiiif iiii slsls 22388 88383 228 88 SS3S8 iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii CvloTlOaTcvJ lO rH in C\J C> tO *H C\T © rH evT oT rH in' U5 nils IISSS SSlii sssl-j SSsSl sllli I81S§ SSSSs sills ga'l'sS 11 5 1 S IS’SS"* 88S8S SpsJ 13*33 Hi's'*' s' 3' s’ I s’ *1131 oT eo •-* to in w us in csT | i ! JP 1 iiii i iiiii ^-ss <* i i i 13 8 83283 rni i i i is i 88331 iiiii 8 IIP.? 88828 iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii 8 8 8 8 s‘ 83883 88638 12281 8!38S iiiii sissl 18223 «‘8“« S«« m i m S g“8 Sp‘r - 8* i iisi iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii iiiii **i " C 3 Sins 86388 28688 23282 33886 32288 iiiii "3288 83328 pip pill 33332 33838“ *3258 CvT rj M H M rH i-T ^ » i-l H (1 rH HIGHER INSTITUTIONS I * i i i s‘ 5 I i i § s i i * « 3 E s i 5 ? § I i a s - I 3 8 i 5 s a I 3 § | “ | 3 i E a i « or i i a i i i i a i 3*6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 ftlftll l£lll 1811 l SiiS! i s ISS SIS Si 1 II IS i^ili it - 8? a* tf ft Tins "‘l1 ill! i Silli i 1 is* siiss US i i i Sr i SiiM astsfc ms & 3*8*8 tt ass s&s&s ? H ^ g>5R^R fsssgi a& sis ®ais» i ai hm aSSt 8 *§«« & Sft&tft £i*£i as i~s 8*£rs & ** RR gftESt mu &&as £ * R8 is* *ss»B s ii tf siiis Is ess l11!1 £§*£ I i£iil |! sss asuss s as fl 8S8II . T SEES 3 § ■* t i* 8 s iisT i ^ 5> iiifiS toss ?SI! s £1111 cvT |! sis ssasi VO* * s i i si R I5tl i issss i "is Sfi?3£ i| 1 HRSSI $Mrf SI R 583*8 smE tfv r^oTvo a a IS SI a s- Srr^S S.I8SS §>§188 sisi § l§ m §i 118 §1111 i 1^ 88 S888I * r- & iii &r Rsistr VO S3* *»R3- 8 38 8R 3857- S88S8 ft *8»SS '§! £££ ~8g*S 3 s& Bsasi i-'o'H i«*«a *fS| £ gsiiR 5TS « »S »S l'S»S8' §§§§§ 88881 §§ii § 11111 1 S §11 §1111 § II 11 18888 rsrrr rsrr rr£r R rrrrr R RRR RRRRR R RR RR RRRR 000 6o6 000 000 $ w 8888ft §§§§ § 8 St 88 £S 118 £8888 § 11 88 Hill f rrrr RR^Ri rrrr £ R&S'RR RS RRR SRRRR r RR iR RSRRR Trss* IIISI IS I i 1 ! i 1 1 i ii i i£ 8§>SS i s S i Si £8181 R - ■* £ “ ^^jvocvT K>K\ r-4 IlS«» ftSSftft I3ft8 a SlftSft 8§ g££ an-i i e 8S fill! 8 rH'-° RR2 8 « 5-- RR RR- SStR"^' R ^5^ rt ^ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS S ft 1§ i i i ft * S ft § t » % ft ft ft ft \ i § £ i a 3 i q i i £ cu ft i 5 I ft s ft ft ft pi a\ \D I I I i £ ? ft ft. ft ft C\J ft ft * ft ft ft * ft ft § ft ft ft g £ i i ft i ft ft ft i ® a i ii it -I fl I5;f II;.- *1*1 r-3“ ftf !j!li M 34-S BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 TABLE 47.— SUPPLEMENTARY MORRILL FUNDS Receipts and expenditures of funds received under acts of Congress approved August 3°» 1690 (Second Morrill Act), March 4, 1907, (Nelson Amendment), and June 29, 1935» (Sec. 22, Bankhead-Jones Act), for year ended June 3°» 1936 sPer^ Receipts' T935-35 - T Expenditures 1935-30 * :cent Interest Balance J : * Balance Land-grant Institution :to in- 1 returned :on hand Appropriation: 1 s on hand located in :stitu- :to D. S. :July 1, :year ended :Total : For :For s * July 1, :tion : Treasury :1935 June 30, 1936:avsilable : salaries : facilities* Total : 1936 1 : 2 3 k 5 : 6 : 7 8 : 9 : 10 Alabama: White . . 63.8 * * — t 44,644.oo * 44,644.00 : t 44.644.oo * » 44.644.oo * — Negro . . 36.2 _ 4.63 25,356.00 25.360.63 22,747.00 2,612.68 25,359.68 .95 50,000.00 70,000.00 54,24b. 23 70,000.00 50,895.60 70,000.00 CO QOQ 0 Q 3.352,63 54,248.23 70, 000.00 dO QOQ OQ A Vt> WM + Negro . . 27.3 — — 19,090.91 50,909,09 19)090)91 70, 000 ,00 18,982.16 70,000.00 — yv, y'jy 10,982.16 70 000.00 IO6.75 70,000.00 70,000.00 56,000.00 14,000.00 70)000.00 70,000.00 56,000.00 14.001.25 70)000.00 68,800.08 56,000.00 14,000.00 70)000.00 70,000.00 56,000.00 14,000.00 1.199.92 Negro . . . 20.0 — 1.25 ni 1.5 Florida: White . . 50.0 132.60 _ 35,000.00 35,000.00 35,000.00 _ 35,000.00 _ Negro . . 50.0 — — 35,000.00 35,000.00 25,660.00 9.340.00 35,000.00 — - Georgia: White . . 75.0 _ ... 46,666.68 46.666.68 46.666.oc _ 46,666.00 .68 Negro . . 25.0 — — 23.333.32 23,333.32 16,666.66 3,236.82 19,903 .48 3.429.84 13.62 70,000.00 70,000.00 70, 013.62 70,000.00 69,940.00 70,000.00 69,940.00 70,000.00 73.62 Idaho . . 100.0 208. 58 — 70, 000.00 70,000.00 70*000.00 20 000.00 Sujf* . 13.62 54.50 70,000)00 70,000.00 70, 000*00 70, 000.00 70,000.00 59,850.00 50, 000.00 70, 000.00 70,000.00 59,850.00 70*000.00 70*000.00 70,000.00 59,850.00 8 r s Negro . 1U.5 — — 10,150)00 10)150)00 1 , 2 AqI . flft 10)150)00 1.2 4q)i Oft in 10)150)00 1,2 nft HI Negro . . ^37.6 74.22 — 26,305.92 26,305.92 70 000.00 26,305.92 70 000.00 n. 26,305.92 70 000.00 -I 58, 100.00 58,100.00 58* 100.00 Negro . . 17.0 _ _ 11*900.00 11*900.00 11.* 181*79 718.21 11,900.00 in Massachusetts: Amherst.. . 76.2 _ ... 53.333.34 53.333.34 53.333.34 _ 53,333.34 _ Cambridge . 23.8 _ _ - 16,666.66 16,666.66 16,666.66 _ - 16,666.66 _ Michigan . . 100.0 — — 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 — 70,000.00 — UinnaAota ..TTr. 1 100*0 195.09 112.78 70,000.00 31.772.P7 70,000.00 31,772.07 70,000.00 31,772.07 70,000.00 31,772.07 Mississippi: White . . 45.4 in Ill in Negro. ,. . . . . 54.6 — — 38,227.93 38,227.93 38,231.20 — 38,231.20 1/ -3.27 Missouri} White . • 93.7 35.15 — 65,625.00 65,625.00 65,625.00 - — 65,625.00 — Negro . . 6.3 168.09 123.07 4,375.00 4,498.07 4,320.00 — 4,320.00 178.07 Montana . . * . . 1 100*0 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,600.00 70 000.00 Nebraska. « . . . . . 100*0 100*0 New Hampshire. ........... . 100.0 III m Ill 70,000.00 ni New Jersey . . 100*0 — — 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 — 70,000.00 — New Mexico . . . . 100.0 _ 263.51 70,000.00 70,263.51 65.457.92 4.542.08 70,000.00 263.51 Nav Ynrlr, ttttTt.r..tf.ttt 100*0 70,000.00 46,900.00 70, 000.00 46,900.00 69. 971 .40 46,900.00 28.60 70 000.00 North Carolina: White... . 67.0 ... ... 46,900.00 in Negro . . . . 33.0 — - — 23,100.00 23,100.00 21,800.00 1,300.00 23,100.00 _ North Dakota . . 100.0 — — 70, 000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 — 70,000.00 — Ohio . , 100*0 70, 000.00 63,000.00 70,000.00 63, 000.00 40,000.00 63*000.00 21,340.81 61,340.81 63, 000.00 8,659.19 Oklahoma* White......... Negro . 0 10*0 Ill in 7)000.00 7,000.00 7)000.00 III 7,000.00 in Oregon . . . . ■ 100,0 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 Pennsylvania . . 100.0 -- -i. HI ni Puerto Ri eo -..fTTT---.TrT 100*0 127.85 1.141.75 50,000.00 70,000.00 35.000.00 51.141.75 70,000.00 35,000.00 47,106.22 70,000.00 35,000.00 47.106.22 70,000.00 35,000.00 4.035.53 Rhode Island . . . , 100.0 South Carolina: White... . 50.0 in in III _ Negro... . 50.0 — 612.94 35,000.00 35,612.94 29.174.33 5,825.67 35,000.00 612.94 South Dakota . . 100.0 70,000.00 53,200.00 70,000.00 53,200.00 70,000.00 53,200.00 70,000.00 53,aoo.oo Tennessee: Tnite . . 76.0 Negro . . 24.0 — 1.25 16,800.00 16,801.25 16,801.25 — 16,801.25 — 52, 500.00 52,500.00 52, 500.00 52* 500.00 Negro . . 25.0 — — 17)500)00 17, 500.00 16)300.00 1,200.00 17)500.00 _ UtSLh. . . , 100.0 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 Vermont. ................. 1 100.0 70,000.00 46,666.68 70,000.00 46,666,68 70 000.00 70,000.00 Virginia: White . . 66.7 Ill in 1^)666.68 III 46)666.68 in Negro . . 33.3 — — 23,333.32 23.333.32 23.333.32 — 23.333.52 _ _ Washington. . . . . 100.0 — — 70,000.00 70,000.0a 70,000.00 — 70,000.00 — West Virginia* White.... . 80.0 — — 56,000.00 56,000.00 . 56,000.00 . — 56,000.00 _ Negro .... . 20.0 — 899.52 14,000.00 14,899.52 12,135.00 1,678.26 13,813.26 1,086.26 W? gnnnwi n 100.0 69.06 70,000.00 70,000.00 70,000.00 69,837.38 70,000.00 162.62 70 000.00 WyorJng . . 100.0 — 70, 000.00 70)000.00 ni Total white . . — 1,036.55 5,667.11 3,185,527.60 3, 191,194.71 3.127.535.52 50,656.66 3,178,162.18 13,032.55 Total Negro . . . — 242.31 1,642.66 344,472.40 346,115.06 314.768.63 25,911.64 340.700.27 1/ 5.414.79 Grand total.... . --- 1,278.86 7,309.77 3,530,000.00 3,537.309.77 3.442,324.15 76,538.30 3,518,862.45 1/18.447.32 . ■ ■ 350 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 .3 II iiiii ill's 5 " * g siifis 31 i S i i i ill “ N s isili M8J3 a s s is ills 9i i S i i : is i i Hi 8 8 i -'i § i $ 28 liiii i i i s i ss I lilti i i i IS 2PIS i i fSI i i i IS i i i i isiss si ;2i iS§ IS «... o. « «S - *8 « Isiss IJ5SS s i i s i § ssiiss 33S8SS 3§§IS §i§ IS g^ss nass ssga - s“a"as8 "'’•"as " g s 8 PISM I is is 5 MSiSi is is i ill !2a ' IsaHa iials "ass 83833 88213 g^ss s"ass iliss iilii " a lien £i£!3 o «ss «* « « a g iiiii i i *° is a " a s^iis mis 88 2 isiss IIM3 § wa s §3283 Hiss 8*‘3‘88 3833S 288218 ss i sis 331213 Iiiii iiiii as® a " s- -“«* g-as a « - * * s 3i82!8 322838 338288 38838 §28!8 asgg - S^S"? "'“"SS ■'SB 21 3ii82i sii^i iiiii 3§lsi§ saslss 328883 88825 §§§ia ssga - a’0*8-"? "'""•“S -aa 01 2i i § siisi i S i i s a - ^ - i i ili i ! i i i i i ii iiiii iiiii s e *1* ” - S liilii iiiii! siisSs iiiii i 1 i ! 8 a gs* a 312888 siiiiE 888288 iilsi iisis 2“2SS“28‘ 33‘32‘®8 5*S“58S 58338‘ 388 I Sj ii ii Ss! 5 IS! Si I! Jill liii! HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 351 I! I IS! ! iliix Mill I iiiiii 5 i ills! iiiiii i i mm mils 122 1 ill 81 8- 31s lO III 5 i iiiiii 12! i i i IIS §82283 lillls o *-o«o. §88283 323833 r^sis! s^s^s |I| “5® III •a s i i IIS! 121 i 13. i is 182233 mils 3 ■"S'°g III °r i i i IS 218 i i ill iiiiii i ii 1 3 8 2 rH »H IMS! isms ill § § s tf §§i§3§ §i§3§8 883 8‘8«5§ 883234 *88 I § 8 ® S 1 3 ■ 2 8 E3 I i 8 i ii 1 1 § i I n O UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION *. J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 1934-35 being Chapter V of Volume II of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1934-36 BULLETIN 1937 , No. 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] BY EMERY M. FOSTER Chief, Division of Statistics and EDITH A. LATHROP Associate Specialist in School Libraries UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON I 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washin gton,D._C. Price 20 cents ■ . . CONTENTS Page Data in this report _ _ 1 Distribution of school systems _ 1 Schools served by libraries _ : _ 6 Pupils served by centralized libraries _ 7 Size of centralized libraries _ 8 Number of volumes added to centralized libraries, 1934-35 _ 14 Librarians in centralized libraries _ 15 Types of centralized libraries _ 18 Administrative control of centralized libraries _ 20 Income for school libraries _ 22 Expenditures for school libraries _ 25 Derived Tables I. Distribution of school systems by types and number and percent reporting, 1934-35 _ 1 II. Distribution of school systems: Number and percent reporting, by regions, 1934-35 _ 3 III. Number of schools in systems reporting and number and percent served by centralized libraries and by classroom collections only, 1934-35 _ 6 IV. Number of schools in systems reporting and number and percent served by centralized libraries and by classroom collections only, by regions, 1934-35 _ 7 V. Number and percent of pupils served by centralized libraries in school systems reporting, 1934-35 _ 7 VI. Number and percent of pupils served by centralized libraries in school systems reporting, by regions, 1934^-35 _ 8 VII. Number and percent of volumes in centralized libraries in schools reporting, 1934-35 _ 9 VIII. Distribution of centralized libraries by size in 1934-35 for school systems reporting _ 9 IX. Average size of centralized libraries in 1934-35 for school systems reporting, by regions _ 10 X. Number and percentage distribution of centralized libraries by size of library and by educational level for schools reporting, 1934- 35 _ 11 XI. Number and percentage distribution of centralized libraries by size of library for schools reporting, by regions, 1934-35 _ 13 XII. Average number of volumes in centralized libraries per child enrolled in 1934^35 for school systems reporting _ 14 XIII. Average number of volumes in centralized libraries per child enrolled in 1934-35 for school systems reporting, by regions. . 14 XIV. Number of volumes added to centralized libraries in 1934r-35 for school systems reporting _ 15 hi IV CONTENTS Page XV. Number of volumes added to centralized libraries in 1934-35 for school systems reporting, by regions _ 15 XVI. Number and percent of librarians in centralized libraries in schools of various educational levels for school systems reporting, 1934-35 _ 17 XVII. Number and percent of librarians in centralized libraries for school systems reporting, by regions, 1934-35 _ 17 XVIII. Distribution of centralized libraries by type of library in school systems reporting, 1934-35 _ 18 XIX. Distribution of centralized libraries by type of library in school systems reporting, by regions, 1934-35 _ 19 XX. Distribution of centralized libraries by type of administrative control in school systems reporting, 1934-35 _ 20 XXI. Distribution of centralized libraries by type of administrative control in school systems reporting, by regions, 1934-35 _ 21 XXII. Income for school libraries, source, amount, and percentage distribution for school systems reporting, 1934-35 _ 23 XXIII. Income for school libraries, source, amount, and percentage distribution for school systems reporting, by regions, 1934-35. _ 24 XXIV. Expenditures for school libraries, purpose, amount, and percent¬ age distribution for school systems reporting, 1934-35 _ 26 XXV. Expenditures for school libraries, purpose, amount, and percentage distribution for school systems reporting, by regions, 1934-35. _ 26 Detailed Tables 1. Comparative summary of public-school library statistics for four groups of city school systems and schools under county superin¬ tendents, 1934-35 _ 28 2. Number of school systems, number of schools, and number of schools served by centralized libraries and by classroom collections only, 1934-35 _ 29 3. Total enrollments and enrollments served by centralized libraries, 1934-35 _ 32 4. Number of full- and part-time librarians in centralized libraries, 1934-35 _ 34 5. Number of centralized libraries, according to size and educational level, 1934-35 _ 36 6. Number of volumes added to centralized libraries, type of library and unit of administrative control, 1934-35 _ 40 7. Income and expenditures for school libraries, distributed as to source of income and purpose of expenditure, 1934-35 _ 42 8. Number of school systems, number of schools, and number of schools served by centralized libraries and by classroom collections only, 1934^35 _ 44 9. Total enrollments and enrollments served by centralized libraries, 1934-35 _ 55 10. Number of full- and part-time librarians in centralized libraries, 1934- 35 _ 64 11. Number of centralized libraries, according to size and educational level, 1934-35 _ 70 12. Number of volumes added to centralized libraries, type of library and unit of administrative control, 1934-35 _ 90 CONTENTS V Page 13. Income and expenditures for school libraries, distributed as to source of income and purpose of expenditure, 1934-35 _ 100 14. Total enrollments and enrollments served by centralized libraries, 1934-35: Group I. Cities of 100,000 population and more _ 110 Group II. Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population _ 112 Group III. Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 117 15. Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries; number of librarians in schools served by centralized libraries, 1934-35: Group I. Cities of 100,000 population and more _ 130 Group II. Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population _ 132 Group III. Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 137 16. Number of volumes added to centralized libraries, type of library, unit of administrative control, and number of schools served by class¬ room collections only, 1934-35: Group I. Cities of 100,000 population and more _ 152 Group II. Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population _ 155 Group III. Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 160 17. Income and expenditures for school libraries, distributed as to source of income and purpose of expenditure, 1934-35: Group I. Cities of 100,000 population and more _ 174 Group II. Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 population _ 176 Group III. Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 population _ 180 Appendix _ 193 Figures 1. Regional grouping of States used in this report _ 4 2. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries, 1934-35 _ 12 3. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries by type of library, 1934-35 _ 19 4. Percentage distribution of centralized libraries by type of control, 1934-35 _ 21 5. Percentage distribution of school library income by source, 1934-35 _ 23 6. Percentage distribution of school library expenditures by purpose, 1934-35 _ 27 Appendix 1. Form used in collecting data _ 193 2. List of other publications of the Office of Education containing statistics on school libraries _ 195 CHAPTER V STATISTICS OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES, 1934-35 DATA IN THIS REPORT' This report includes library statistics for both pubbc elementary and high schools for the school year 1934-3 5. 2 The data are based upon replies to a questionnaire, which was sent to 6,327 superinten¬ dents of city and county public schools in continental United States. The items listed on the form called for replies representing totals for all of the schools under the supervision of the superintendents rather than for individual schools. In two instances, Delaware and North Carolina, data were supplied by officials in State departments of education. Since the titles of administrative heads of rural school systems vary somewhat in the different States, the term, “county superinten¬ dent/’ for purposes of this report, includes county examiners in Arkansas, parish superintendents in Louisiana, district superintendents in New York and Utah, county commissioners in Michigan, division superintendents in Virginia, union or district superintendents in the New England States, and the State superintendent in Delaware for all schools outside of Wilmington. DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS At the time the questionnaires were sent, 2,901 of the 6,327 school systems in the United States were designated as city systems; 3,180 as county, with rural schools only; and 246 as county unit systems, that is, systems in which both rural and urban schools are under one administrative head. The total number of usable replies received for the three types of school systems is indicated in the following table: Table I.— DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS BY TYPES AND NUMBER AND PERCENT REPORTING, 1934-35 Types of school systems Item City County- rural only County unit- urban and rural All types > 2 3 4 5 Total number in continental United States . . Usable replies: 2, 901 3, 180 246 6, 327 Number... — . . . . . 2. 097 951 82 3, 130 Percent - - - - - 72.29 29.91 33.33 49. 47 1 Major statistical work done by Mary Ella W. Banfield and Mary M. Willhoite, statistical clerks. * Other publications of this Office containing statistical data on school libraries are given on page 195 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 The 2,901 city school systems are subdivided into four population groups, based upon figures given in the 1930 census. Group I includes 90 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; Group II, 220 cities having a population of 30,000 to 99,999; Group III, 647 cities having a population of 10,000 to 29,999; and Group IV, 1,944 cities having a population of 2,500 to 9,999. The percentage of usable replies returned by the superintendents of the smaller cities (Group IV) exceeds the percentages returned by the superintendents of the other three groups. The number of usable replies returned by Group IV cities is 73.71 percent of the total number of Group IV cities. For the other three groups of cities, the percentages are: Group I, 68.89; Group II, 68.64 and Group III, 69.71 of the respective number of cities in each group (table 1). According to comments received with the questionnaires it is indicated that the principal sources of classroom collections are school and public libraries. Some instances are reported in which a centralized library in one school building furnishes collections of books to classrooms in other buildings; for example, an Indiana city reports that the library in the high-school building supplies classroom collections to an elementary-school building. Some city school systems report that classroom collections in elementary schools are furnished by centralized libraries maintained in offices of city boards of education. Centralized libraries in the offices of county superintendents of schools frequently supply classroom collections to rural schools. States in which such libraries are reported are Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michi¬ gan, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Virginia. Some details regarding this service are noted in the following digests of comments made by county superintendents: We have a centralized library in connection with our office. The teachers come to the office once in two weeks for the purpose of withdrawing 15 or 20 books for their schools. (Arizona.) County board of education owns a traveling library of 91 sets consisting of 10 books each. (Kentucky.) One central library in my office serves all 30 schools under my supervision. (New Mexico.) All library books are placed in the county superintendent’s office. When the schools open in the fall, the teachers withdraw 25 books and exchange them for others when they are through with them. (South Dakota.) Our county circulating library supplies 91 school districts in the county. (Texas.) Most of the superintendents of California counties reporting say that the library collections in the schools under their supervision are PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 3 supplied by county libraries. In that State 47 of the 58 counties have county library service. Other States in which county superin¬ tendents stated that their classroom collections are supplied by county libraries are Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Minne¬ sota, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Other types of public libraries supplying schools with classroom collections are libraries maintained by towns (New England), townships, and municipalities. Comparisons by geographical regions are for the total number of school systems reporting. No comparisons are made by regions for the three types of school systems — city, county, and county unit (urban and rural) either in the regional tables in the text or in the regional summaries. Table II.— DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOL SYSTEMS: NUMBER AND PERCENT REPORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 School systems Region Total Usable replies number Number Percent * 2 3 4 New England _ ... _ _ _ _ 541 246 45. 47 Middle Atlantic _ ... _ 1,007 1,093 970 682 67. 73 East North Central _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 654 59. 84 West North Central . 393 40. 52 South Atlantic _ _ 725 301 41. 52 East South Central _ 513 203 39. 57 West South Central.. . 748 289 38.64 Mountain.. . . . . . . 388 164 42. 27 Pacific.. . . . . . 342 198 57. 89 Continental United States. . . 6,327 3,130 49.47 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Figure 1.— Regional grouping of States used in this report. Regions NEW ENGLAND Maine New Hampshire Vermont MIDDLE ATLANTIC New York New Jersey EAST NORTH CENTRAL Ohio Indiana Wisconsin WEST NORTH CENTRAL Minnesota Iowa Missouri Kansas SOUTH ATLANTIC Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia EAST SOUTH CENTRAL Kentucky Tennessee WEST SOUTH CENTRAL Louisiana Texas MOUNTAIN Montana New Mexico Wyoming Arizona PACIFIC Washington Oregon Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Pennsylvania Illinois Michigan North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Arkansas Oklahoma Colorado Utah Nevada Idaho California 5 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SCHOOLS SERVED BY LIBRARIES The total number of schools in the 3,130 school systems reporting is 66,101. Of this number, 61,303 or 92.74 percent, are served either by centralized libraries or by “classroom collections only.” It must not be assumed, however, that the remaining half of the school sys¬ tems in the United States not reporting have similar library service. This percentage applies only to those schools reporting and not to the Nation as a whole. It is highly probable that library facilities of many of the schools not reporting were either non-existent or very limited. In tabulating the data, a centralized library was interpreted as a school's permanent collection of books assembled usually in one place in the building. A collection of books in a classroom, loaned to it temporarily from a library outside the building or a permanent collec¬ tion for a particular classroom only (except in a 1 -teacher school) was interpreted as a classroom collection. More schools are served by “classroom collections only” than by centralized libraries for 50.63 percent of all of the schools reporting were served by the former and 42.11 percent by the latter. This situation prevails not only for the total number of schools in all three systems combined (city, county, and county unit), but for the schools in each of the systems. The percentages of the total number of schools in each of the respective school systems served by “classroom collections only” and by centralized libraries follow: City, 46.10 “classroom collections only” and 43.45 centralized libraries; county (rural only), 52.41 “classroom collections only” and 41.84 centralized libraries; and county unit (urban and rural), 49.25 “classroom collec¬ tions only” and 39.71 centralized libraries (table III). Table III.— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN SYSTEMS REPORTING AND NUMBER AND PERCENT SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES AND BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS ONLY, 1934-35 System Total report¬ ing Served by cen¬ tralized libraries Served by class¬ room collections only Total served Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 City . . County (rural only) . . . . County unit (urban and rural) _ Total . . . . 16, 545 45, 436 4, 120 7, 188 19, 012 1, 636 43. 45 41.84 39. 71 7, 626 23, 812 2, 029 46. 10 52.41 49.25 14, 810 42, 828 3,665 89. 55 94. 25 88. 96 66, 101 27, 836 42.11 33,467 50.63 61,303 92. 74 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 7 Table IV.— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS IN SYSTEMS REPORTING AND NUMBER AND PERCENT SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES AND BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS ONLY, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Schools Region Total number report¬ ing Served by cen¬ tralized libraries Served by class¬ room collections only Total served Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S New England . . . . 3, 232 586 18 13 2, 190 67. 76 2,776 85.89 Middle Atlantic _ _ 12. 262 6, 093 49. 69 5, 445 44.41 11,538 94. 10 East North Central _ 13. 084 6, 602 50 46 5, 934 45. 35 12, 536 95.81 West North Central _ 13, 834 5,118 37.00 8. 433 60. 95 13, 551 97. 95 South Atlantic _ 7. 740 3. 890 50.26 3, 010 38. 89 6,900 89. 15 East South Central _ _ 4,619 1,337 28. 95 2, 178 47. 15 3,515 76. 10 West South Central _ _ _ 4,568 1, 750 38.31 2. 495 54. 62 4,245 92. 93 Mountain _ _ _ _ 3,231 1,038 32. 13 1, 898 58. 74 2, 936 90. 87 Pacific _ _ _ 3,531 1, 422 40.27 1,884 53. 36 3, 306 93. 63 Continental United States... 66, 101 27, 836 42.11 33, 467 50.63 61, 303 92. 74 PUPILS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES The total enrollment in the 66,101 schools for the three types of school systems reporting is 12,501,017 pupils. Of this number, 7,209,674, or 57.67 percent of the entire number of pupils enrolled in the three school systems combined, are served by centralized libraries. The percentage of the total number of children in city school systems served by centralized libraries is somewhat larger than the percentage of the total number of children served by such libraries in each of the county systems, as indicated in the following table: Table V.— NUMBER AND PERCENT OF PUPILS SERVED BY CEN¬ TRALIZED LIBRARIES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, 1934-35 System Total enroll¬ ment Enrollment served 1 . Number Percent * 2 3 4 City . . . _ . _ . 8. 826, 452 3, 231, 324 443, 241 5, 189, 648 1, 775, 010 245, 016 58. 80 54. 93 55.28 County (rural only).. _ _ County unit (urban and rural) . . . Total . . . . . . . . 12, 501,017 7, 209, 674 57.67 1 This is the enrollment served by centralized libraries only. No data are available on the additional number served by classroom collections. By comparing tables III and V, it is noted that while 50.63 percent of the schools reporting had “classroom collections only,” 57.67 per¬ cent of the pupils in the schools reporting are served by centralized 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 libraries. This may be accounted for by the fact that schools served by centralized libraries usually have larger enrollments than those served by “classroom collections only.” Table VI.— NUMBER AND PERCENT OF PUPILS SERVED BY CEN¬ TRALIZED LIBRARIES IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Region Total enroll¬ ment Enrollment served 1 Number Percent 1 2 3 4 New England _ _ _ _ -- - _ - . 685, 172 295, 924 43. 19 Middle Atlantic _ 3, 580, 630 2, 022, 894 56. 50 East North Central - - 2, 451, 503 1, 538, 253 62. 75 West North Central _ 1, 145, 016 608, 259 53. 12 South Atlantic _ _ -- _ _ 1, 599, 254 906, 106 56. 66 East South Central _ ... _ 684, 171 388,420 56. 77 West South Central - 980, 267 546, 345 55. 73 Mountain _ _ _ _ _ _ . __ _ 396, 141 236,889 59. 80 Pacific _ _ . _ _ _ _ 978, 863 666, 584 68.10 Continental United States _ 12, 501,017 7, 209, 674 57.67 i This is the enrollment served by centralized libraries only. No data are available on the additional number served by classroom collections. SIZE OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES The superintendents were requested to report the number of cen¬ tralized libraries of various sizes, in number of volumes, for schools of six educational levels. The sizes of the libraries, in number of volumes, were requested in groups as follows: Fewer than 500; 500 to 999; 1,000 to 2,999; 3,000 to 4,999; 5,000 to 9,999; 10,000 or more. It was explained on the form that in interpreting the word “volume,” the definition of the American Library Association was to be used which is: “a printed work bound in stiff covers so as to stand on a shelf; also an unbound book of over 100 pages, or an unbound book of less than 100 pages if cataloged, accessioned, and treated as a volume in all respects.” The six educational levels into which the schools were distributed follow: Elementary school only, elementary and junior high school only, junior high school only, junior -senior high school, senior or regular high school only, elementary and all high school. The total number of centralized libraries is 27,836, which is the same as the number of schools reporting such libraries (table III). In interpreting the data it was considered that there was only one centralized library to a school. The total number of volumes in the 27,836 centralized libraries is calculated to be 28,346,250. Thirty-one percent of the total number of volumes (8,750,000) is found in libraries containing from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes; this is the largest number of volumes reported for any one of the groups of libraries. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 9 The second largest number of volumes (5,076,000), which is 18 per¬ cent of the entire number, is found in the group of libraries containing from 3,000 to 4,999 volumes. The smallest number of volumes (2,112,000), or 7 percent of the entire number, is in the group of libraries containing 10,000 volumes or more. Fifteen percent of the total number of volumes (4,276,000) is in libraries of less than 500 volumes (table VII). Table VII.— NUMBER AND PERCENT OF VOLUMES IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES IN SCHOOLS REPORTING, 1934-35 Size of library Volumes in centralized libraries Number Percent Fewer than 500 volumes 1 _ 4, 276, 000 15 500 to 999 volumes . . . . . . . . _ . 3, 189, 750 8, 750, 000 11 1,000 to 2,999 volumes... . . . . . . . . 31 3,000 to 4,999 volumes . . . . . 5, 076, 000 18 6,000 to 9,999 volumes . . . 4, 942, 500 18 10,000 volumes or more 3 . . . . . . . 2,112,000 7 Total . . . _ . . . . . . . . 28, 346, 250 100 i Calculated at 250 each. 3 Calculated at 12,000 each. The size of the median centralized library for all school systems reporting is 407 volumes. The median-sized library in volumes for each of the three types of school systems is: City, 1,377; county (rural only), 333; county unit (urban and rural), 350. Table VIII gives the averages as well as the medians. The averages are con¬ siderably larger than the medians due to the fact that there is a large number of schools with small libraries. For this reason, the medians are more representative figures (table VIII). Table VIII. DISTRIBUTION OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES BY SIZE IN 1934-35 FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING System Size City County (rural only) County unit (urban and rural) Total 1 2 3 4 5 Fewer than 500 volumes . . . . 1,678 1, 468 2,358 954 14, 259 2,572 1,818 275 1, 167 213 17, 104 4, 253 4, 375 1,269 659 500 to 999 volumes . 1,000 to 2,999 volumes . 199 3,000 to 4,999 volumes . . 40 6,000 to 9,999 volumes . . 572 76 11 10,000 volumes or more. . 154 16 6 176 Total . . . . . 7, 184 1, 377 19,016 333 1,636 350 27, 836 407 Median size . Average size . . . 2,254 578 711 1,018 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Since the size of the median centralized library in seven of the nine geographical regions was fewer than 500 volumes, no medians are given in table IX. In the New England region, the median-sized library was 534 volumes and in the Pacific region, 711 volumes. The average size of the centralized library for schools reporting for Continental United States is 1,018 volumes. The averages for the regions range from 701 in the West North Central to 1,919 in the Pacific (table IX). Table IX.— AVERAGE SIZE OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES IN 1934-35 FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS Region in volumes New England _ 1, 147 Middle Atlantic _ 1, 078 East North Central _ 1,051 West North Central _ 701 South Atlantic _ 912 East South Central _ 929 West South Central _ 1, 149 Mountain _ 1, 014 Pacific _ 1, 919 Continental United States _ 1, 018 Table X shows the number and percentage distribution for the 27,836 centralized libraries by size of library and by educational level for schools reporting. A study of this table shows that 92.4 percent of all of the centralized libraries in the three types of school systems reporting, number fewer than 3,000 volumes — 61.4 percent contain fewer than 500 volumes, 15.3 percent from 500 to 999 volumes, and 15.7 percent from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes. Only 4.6 percent of the total number of libraries contain from 3,000 to 4,999 volumes; 2.4 percent from 5,000 to 9,999 volumes; and less than 1 percent have 10,000 or more volumes. The number of centralized libraries in schools of elementary school level is 18,537. This is approximately two-thirds of the total number of centralized libraries reported for schools of all six educational levels. Most of the small libraries are found in schools with elementary grades only — 15,053 out of the 17,104 libraries of fewer than 500 volumes. In schools of this educational level, 81.2 percent of all of the libraries contains fewer than 500 volumes; 11.1 percent of the total number have from 500 to 999 volumes; and 6.5 percent, from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes. Only a little more than 2 percent of all of the libraries in schools with elementary grades only contain more than 3,000 volumes. In schools of elementary and junior high school level, most of the centralized libraries contain fewer than 3,000 volumes. The per¬ centage of the total number of libraries in schools of this educational PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 11 level that have fewer than 500 volumes is 37.6; 500 to 999 volumes, 32.8; and 1,000 to 2,999 volumes, 20.4. Only 9.2 percent of the total number of centralized libraries in schools of elementary and junior high school level contain more than 3,000 volumes. Table X.— NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF CEN¬ TRALIZED LIBRARIES BY SIZE OF LIBRARY AND BY EDUCA¬ TIONAL LEVEL FOR SCHOOLS REPORTING, 1934-35 Educational level Size of library Elemen¬ tary school only Elemen¬ tary and junior high school only Junior high school only Junior- senior high school Senior or regular high school only Elemen¬ tary and all high- school Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Fewer than 500: Number . . . 15,053 293 144 156 386 1,072 17, 104 Percent . . . 81.2 37.6 13.8 12.2 14.6 30.4 61.4 500 to 999: Number. 2, 050 11.1 256 188 214 415 1, 130 4, 253 Percent _ _ 32.8 17.9 16.7 15.7 32.1 15.3 1,000 to 2,999: Number. . 1, 203 159 462 559 934 1,055 29.9 4, 375 Percent _ _ _ 6.5 20.4 44.1 43.6 35.2 15.7 3,000 to 4,999: Number. . . . 145 46 170 234 498 173 1,269 Percent . .8 5.9 16.2 18.2 18.8 4.9 4.6 5,000 to 9,999: Number _ _ _ 77 15 68 99 321 77 659 Percent. ... .4 1.9 6.5 7.7 12.1 2.2 2.4 10,000 or more: Number _ 9 11 16 21 96 18 176 Percent 1.4 1.5 1.6 3.6 0.5 0.6 Total: Number _ Percent _ 18,537 100.0 780 100.0 1,048 100.0 1,283 100.0 2,650 100.0 3, 525 100.0 27, 836 100.0 In schools of junior high school level, the largest number of cen¬ tralized libraries is in the size group containing from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes. This number, which is 462 libraries, is 44.1 percent of the total number of libraries reported for junior high schools. The number of libraries with fewer than 1,000 volumes is 332, or 31.7 percent of all of the libraries reporting for schools of this educational level; with more than 3,000 volumes, the number is 254, or 24.2 per¬ cent of all the libraries reporting. In schools of junior-senior high school level, the largest number of centralized libraries falls in the size group containing from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes. This number, which is 559 libraries, is 43.6 percent of the total number of libraries reported for junior-senior high schools. The number of libraries with fewer than 1,000 volumes is 370, or 28.9 percent of all the libraries reporting for schools of this educational level; with more than 3,000 volumes, the number is 354, or 27.5 per¬ cent of all the junior-senior high school libraries reporting. 77906°— 38 - 2 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 In schools of senior or regular high school level, as in schools of junior high school and junior-senior high school levels, the largest number of centralized libraries is in the size-group containing from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes. This number, which is 934 libraries, is 35.2 percent of all the libraries in schools of senior or regular high-school level. There are more centralized libraries with more than 3,000 volumes in schools of this educational level than in any other one of the six levels; the number is 915 libraries, or 34.5 percent of all libraries Figure 2— Percentage distribution of centralized libraries, 1934-35. in senior or regular high schools. There are 498 libraries, or 18.8 percent of the total number of libraries in senior or regular high schools with from 3,000 to 4,999 volumes; 321 libraries, or 12.1 per¬ cent with from 5,000 to 9,999 volumes; and 96 libraries, or 3.6 percent, with more than 10,000 volumes. The number of libraries of fewer than 1,000 volumes in schools of this educational level is 801, or 30.3 percent of all the senior or regular high school libraries reporting. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 13 In schools of elementary and all high-school levels, most of the libraries are found in the three size-groups with fewer than 3,000 volumes; 1,072 libraries, or 30.4 percent of the total number of ele¬ mentary and all high-school libraries, contain fewer than 500 volumes; 1,130 libraries, or 32.1 percent, contain from 500 to 999 volumes and 1,055 libraries, or 29.9 percent, contain from 1,000 to 2,999 volumes. Only 268 libraries, or 7.6 percent of the total number o ^libraries in schools of elementary and all high-school levels, contain more than 3,000 volumes. Many of the centralized libraries in schools of this educational level are found in county school systems. Table XI shows the number and percentage distribution of central¬ ized libraries by size of library for schools reporting for the nine geographical regions. The percentage distribution for schools of the various educational levels is not given because of the small number of schools with libraries numbering more than 500 volumes. Table XI.— NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF CEN¬ TRALIZED LIBRARIES BY SIZE OF LIBRARY FOR SCHOOLS REPORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Number of volumes Region Total Fewer than 500 500 to 999 1,000 to 2,999 3,000 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 10,000 or more New England: Number . . _ . . 586 284 134 113 42 11 2 Percent. .. . . 100.0 48.4 22.9 19.3 7.2 1.9 0.3 Middle Atlantic: Number. . . . 6,093 3, 783 642 1,163 326 142 37 Percent . . . 100.0 62. 1 10.5 19.1 5.4 2.3 0.6 East North Central: Number . . . 6,602 4, 101 987 995 273 191 55 Percent _ _ _ 100.0 62.1 15.0 15.1 4.1 2.9 0.8 West North Central: Number _ 5,118 3, 900 589 393 138 76 22 Percent . . . 100.0 76.2 11.5 7.7 2.7 1.5 0.4 South Atlantic: Number. . . . 3, 890 2,147 877 677 129 53 7 Percent _ _ 100.0 55.2 22.5 17.4 3.3 1.4 0.2 East South Central: Number _ 1,337 703 303 269 48 13 1 Percent . . . . 100.0 52.6 22.6 20. 1 3.6 1.0 0.1 West South Central: Number . . . 1,750 920 358 312 106 41 13 Percent . . 100.0 52.6 20.5 17.8 6. 1 2.3 0.7 Mountain: Number . . . . 1,038 651 136 164 59 25 3 Percent _ . _ 100.0 62.7 13. 1 15.8 5. 7 2.4 0.3 Pacific: Number _ . 1,422 615 227 289 148 107 36 Percent _ _ 100.0 43.3 16.0 20.3 10.4 7.5 2.5 Continental United States: Number _ 27,836 17, 104 4,253 4, 375 1,269 659 176 Percent _ 100.0 61.4 15.3 15.7 4.6 2.4 0.6 The average number of volumes in centralized libraries per child enrolled during the school year 1934-35 for the three types of school systems combined is 3.93t For individual systems, the average 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF • EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 number of volumes is: city, 3.12; county (rural only), 6.19; and county unit (urban and rural), 3.94 (table XII). Table XII.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF VOLUMES IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES PER CHILD ENROLLED IN 1934-35 FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING System Average number City _ 3. 12 County (rural only) _ 6. 19 County unit (urban and rural) _ 4. 75 Total _ _ 3. 93 Table XIII.— AVERAGE NUMBER OF VOLUMES IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES PER CHILD ENROLLED IN 1934-35 FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS Region Average number New England 1 _ •_ _ 2. 27 Middle Atlantic _ 3. 25 East North Central _ 4. 51 West North Central _ 5. 90 South Atlantic _ 3. 91 East South Central _ 3. 20 West South Central _ 3. 68 Mountain _ 4. 44 Pacific _ 4. 09 Continental United States _ 3. 93 1 Low average is probably due to the fact that the smaller schools supplement their own collections of books in centralized libraries with those which they borrow from town libraries. NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35 Nearly two million (1,901,228) of the 28,346,250 volumes calculated to be found in centralized libraries were added during the school year 1934-35, according to reports secured from the superintendents. The numbers for each of the three types of school systems are: City, 1,312,272 volumes; county (rural only), 508,803 volumes; and county unit (urban and rural), 80,153 volumes. For the schools reporting, the number of volumes added per library for the three types of school systems combined during the school year 1934-35 is 68. The number of volumes added per library is greater for city than for county schools systems ; numbers for the three types of school systems are: City, 182 volumes; county (rural only), 27 volumes; and county unit (urban and rural), 49 volumes. The number of volumes added to centralized libraries during the school year 1934-35 amounted to practically one-quarter of a book per pupil enrolled. The data are given in table XIV. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 15 Table XIV.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES IN 1934-35 FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING Volumes added System Total Per library Per pupil 1 2 3 4 City _ 1, 312, 272 508, 803 182 0.25 County (rural only) _ 27 .29 County unit (urban and rural) _ 80, 153 49 .33 Total _ _ _ _ 1, 901,228 68 .26 The number of volumes added to centralized libraries during the school year 1934-35 for school systems reporting is given in table XV for the nine regions. The largest number of volumes added per library by any one region is 239 for the Pacific region, which was half a book per child enrolled. Table XV.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES IN 1934-35 FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS Volumes added Region Total Per li¬ brary Per pupil L . 2 3 4 New England _ ? . . . . . 31, 989 415. 486 392. 487 165, 138 55 0. 11 Middle Atlantic _ 68 .21 East North Central..* . _ _ _ _ _ 59 .26 West North Central . . . . . 32 .27 South Atlantic _ _ _ 256, 825 66 .28 East South Central . . . . . . . 90, 503 147, 204 61, 746 339, 850 68 .23 West South Central . . . . . . . . 84 .27 Mountain . . . . . . . . 59 .26 Pacific _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 239 .51 Continental United States _ _ _ _ _ 1, 901, 228 68 .26 LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES The only information requested on the questionnaire, imder the item “librarians,” was to indicate the number full time and the number part time. In a few instances the superintendents gave the numbers for the two types, but included a certain number of clerical assistants which they specified. These clerical assistants were not eliminated because it was impossible to tell how many other super¬ intendents had included such assistants, but had not specified the number. No personnel definition was set up on the questionnaire for the position of librarian. 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Librarians reported were 12,578 which indicates that less than half of the 27,836 centralized libraries have librarians either on full- or part-time service. Some superintendents who reported no li¬ brarians evidently did not consider teachers giving part of their time to the administration of centralized libraries as part-time librarians. In practically all small rural schools teachers act as librarians. In a few States the laws provide that teachers in such school shall serve as librarians. Wisconsin is one State with such legal provisions; in order that rural teachers in that State may qualify as librarians the teacher-training institutions provide certain elementary courses in library technique. The reports show that 3,808 of the 12,578 librarians serve full time and 8,770 part time. The number of full-time librarians in city school systems is 2,926; in county systems (rural only), 806; and in county unit systems (urban and rural), 76. The 8,770 part- time librarians are divided among the three school systems as follows: City, 3,593; county (rural only), 4,886; and county unit (urban and rural), 291 (table XVI). For both city and county unit (urban and rural) school systems, the largest number of full-time librarians is found in schools of senior or regular high-school educational level. In city school systems, the number of full-time librarians reported for schools of senior or regular high-school level is 42.3 percent of all of the full-time librarians in such systems. In county unit (urban and rural) school systems, the number of full-time librarians reported for schools ol senior or regular high-school level is 36.9 percent of all the full-time librarians in such systems. In the county systems (rural only), the largest number of full-time librarians is found in schools of elementary school level; this number represents 43.8 percent of all of the full-time librarians in county systems with rural schools only. In city and county unit (rural only) systems, the largest number of part-time librarians are in schools with elementary grades only; for the city school systems the percentage is 45.4 of all of the part- time librarians reported for such systems ; and for the county systems (rural only), the percentage is 52.7 of all of the part-time librarians reported. In the county unit school systems (urban and rural), the largest number of part-time librarians is found in schools of senior or regular high-school educational level; this is 32 percent of all of the part-time librarians reported for county unit systems. Percent¬ ages for part-time librarians for schools of other educational levels are given in table XVI. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 17 Table XVI.— NUMBER AND PERCENT OF LIBRARIANS IN CEN¬ TRALIZED LIBRARIES IN SCHOOLS OF VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, 1934-35 Educational levels Item Elemen¬ tary school only Elemen¬ tary and junior high school only Junior high school only Junior- senior high school Senior or regular high school only Elemen¬ tary and all high schools Total > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 City systems: Full-time: Number . 546 91 546 416 1,230 42.3 84 i 2,926 Percent . 18.7 3.1 18.7 14.3 2.9 100.0 Part-time: Number _ 1,629 162 353 513 772 161 > 3, 593 Percent. . 45.4 4.5 9.8 14.3 21.5 4.5 100.0 County systems (rural only) : Full-time: Number . 353 18 5 69 117 244 806 Percent . 43.8 2.2 .6 8.6 14.5 30.3 100.0 Part-time: Number . 2, 576 181 27 189 553 1,360 4,886 Percent . 52.7 3.7 .6 3.9 11.3 27.8 100.0 County unit systems (urban and rural) : Full-time: Number . 8 1 8 18 28 13 76 Percent _ _ 10.5 1.3 10.5 23.7 36.9 17.1 100.0 Part-time: Number . 70 15 10 40 93 63 291 Percent. . 24.0 5.2 3.4 13.7 32.0 21.7 100.0 Total, full-time: Number _ 907 110 559 503 1,375 341 > 3, 808 Percent _ 23.9 2.9 14.7 13.3 36.2 9.0 100.0 Total, part-time: Number _ 4,275 358 390 742 1,418 1,584 2 8, 770 Percent _ 48.7 4.1 4.4 8.5 16.2 18.1 100.0 • Includes 13 librarians in centralized libraries in junior college or teacher-training institutions. J Includes 3 librarians in centralized libraries in junior college or teacher-training institutions. Table XVII.— NUMBER AND PERCENT OF LIBRARIANS IN CEN¬ TRALIZED LIBRARIES FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Region Librarians Total Full-time Part-time Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 New England . . . . Middle Atlantic . 273 1,982 3,614 2,096 1,052 761 1, 302 468 1,030 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 122 824 1,028 393 312 214 429 126 360 44. 69 41.57 28. 44 18. 75 29. 66 28. 12 32. 95 26. 92 34. 95 151 1,158 2, 586 1,703 740 547 873 342 670 55.31 58. 43 71.56 81.25 70. 34 71.88 67. 05 73. 08 65. 05 East North Central . West North Central. . . . . South Atlantic . East South Central . . . West South Central . Mountain . Pacific . Continental United States _ 12,578 100 3, 808 30.28 8,770 69. 72 18 BIENNIAL SUKVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 TYPES OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES The superintendents were requested to distribute the total number of centralized libraries reported by types as follows: Public libraries, branch public libraries, school libraries open to the public, and school bbraries not open to the public. This distribution is indicated in table XVIII. The prevailing type of centralized bbrary is a school library not open to the public. Of the entire number of libraries reported for all school systems, 19,581, or 70.3 percent, are of this type. Percentages of the total number of libraries in each of the respective school sys¬ tems that are not open to the public are: City, 87.5; county (rural only), 63.2; and county unit (urban and rural), 77.9. The number of school libraries open to the public is 7,644, or 27.5 percent of the total number of libraries in all school systems reporting. Percentages of the total number of school libraries for each of the respective types of systems reporting that are open to the pubbc are larger for the two types of county school systems than for the city systems. In the county (rural only) systems, 35.4 percent of all the bbraries are open to the public; in the county unit (urban and rural) systems, 22.1 percent of all of the libraries; and in the city systems, 7.6 percent of all of the libraries. Table XVIII.— DISTRIBUTION OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES BY TYPE OF LIBRARY IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, 1934-35 Item Types Public library Branch public library School library open to public School library not open to public Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 City systems: Number libraries reporting . . . Percent _ _ - . - 97 1.4 73 .4 251 3.5 189 1.0 1 547 7.6 6, 736 35.4 361 22.1 6,289 87.5 12, 018 63.2 1,274 77.9 7, 184 100.0 19, 016 100.0 1, 636 100.0 County systems (rural only): Number libraries reporting - - - Pftrcnnt - _ . _ County unit systems (urban and rural): Number libraries reporting . Percent . _ Total: Number... . . . Percent . . . 170 .6 441 1.6 7, 644 27.5 19, 581 70.3 27, 836 100.0 An examination of the regional distribution of the centrabzed li¬ braries by type (table XIX) shows that for the continental United States, less than 1 percent of the centrabzed school bbraries are pubbc bbraries and 1.6 percent branch pubbc bbraries; the percentage of centrabzed school bbraries open to the pubbc is 27.5; the percentage of school bbraries not open to the pubbc is 70.3. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 19 Type of library Percentage of total number of centralized libraries 0_ 20_ 40_ 60_ g0 Public library or branch public library 2.2 School library open to public 27.5 School library not open to public 70.3 J 1 i i i Figure 3— Percentage distribution of centralized libraries by type of library, 1934-35. Table XIX.— DISTRIBUTION OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES BY TYPE OF LIBRARY IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Type Region Public library Branch public library School library open to public School library not open to public Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 New England: Number _ _ _ 39 10 20 517 586 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.7 1.7 3.4 88.2 100 Middle Atlantic: Number.. ... . . _ _ . . ... _ _ 28 37 1,954 4, 074 6, 093 Percent _ ... . .4 .6 32.1 66.9 100 East North Central: Number _ 36 239 2,640 40.0 3, 687 55.9 6, 602 100 Percent _ .5 3.6 West North Central: Number.. _ 16 60 1,441 28.2 3,601 70.3 5,118 100 Percent _ . __ . . . .3 1.2 South Atlantic: Number _ ... _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ .. 37 38 540 3,275 84.2 3,890 Percent _ .... .... _ _ ...... .9 1.0 13.9 100 East South Central: Number _ .. _ . . 1 1 281 1,054 1, 337 100 Percent _ . _ _ _ . ... ... . 1 .1 21.0 78.8 West South Central: Number.. . . . . . . 4 9 251 1,486 84.9 1, 750 100 Percent _ .. _ .... .2 .5 14.4 Mountain: Number.. . . 2 7 404 625 1,038 100 Percent _ .2 .7 38.9 60.2 Pacific: Number.. 7 40 113 1,262 88.8 1, 422 Percent. .. .5 2.8 7.9 100 Continental United States: Number _ 170 441 7,644 27.5 19, 581 70.3 27,836 Percent _ _ _ .6 1.6 100 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES Compilation of the data requested on types of administrative con¬ trol of centralized libraries shows that 96.5 percent of the 27,836 libraries in the three types of school systems combined are under the control of school boards; 1 percent, public library boards; 2.3 percent, a combination of school and public library boards and 0.2 percent “other boards.” Explanations of the term “other boards” indicate that in the majority of cases they are councils of local parent- teacher associations ; some other organizations and institutions responsible for the administration of school libraries are women’s clubs, college libraries, State teachers colleges, and high-school alumni associations. The most frequent examples of administrative control by a com¬ bination of school and public library boards are found in city school systems. The number of centralized school libraries in city school systems controlled by a combination of school and public library boards is 378 or 5.3 percent of all of the libraries reported by such systems ; numbers and percentages for the two types of county school systems are given in table XX. Table XX.— DISTRIBUTION OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES BY TYPE OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORT¬ ING, 1934-35 Item School board Public library board Control Combi¬ nation school and public library board Other board Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 City systems: Number libraries reported . . . . 6,613 166 378 27 7, 184 Percent . . . . 92.0 2.3 5.3 0.4 100.0 County systems (rural only): Number libraries reported . . . . 18, 636 104 257 19 19,016 Percent . . . _ 98.0 0.6 1.3 0.1 100.0 County unit systems (urban and rural): Number libraries reported . . . . . - 1,612 1 20 3 1,636 Percent . . . 98.5 0.1 1.2 0.2 100.0 Total: Number _ _ _ 26,861 271 655 49 27,836 Percent _ _ _ _ 96.5 1.0 2.3 0.2 100.0 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 21 Type of control Percentage of total number of centralized libraries School board 96.5 Public library board Combination school and public library board Other board .2 Figure 4— Percentage distribution of centralized libraries by type of control, 1934-35. Table XXI.— DISTRIBUTION OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES BY TYPE OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL IN SCHOOL SYSTEMS REPORT¬ ING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Control Region School board Public library board Combi¬ nation school and public library board Other board Total 1 3 3 4 5 6 New England: Number . . _ . 523 45 12 6 586 Percent . . . . . . . 89.3 7. 7 2.0 1. 0 100 Middle Atlantic: Number . . . . . 5, 866 96.3 37 177 13 6, 093 100 Percent . . . . __ 0. 6 2.9 0. 2 East North Central: Number . _ . 6, 211 94. 1 99 279 13 6,602 100 Percent . . 1.5 4. 2 0. 2 West North Central: Number.. . . . . . 5, 047 98. 6 28 40 3 5, 118 Percent . . . . 0.5 0. 8 0. 1 . 100 South Atlantic: Number . . . 3, 834 98.6 7 40 9 3 890 Percent . . . . . 0.2 1.0 0. 2 100 East South Central: Number . . . . . 1,277 58 2 1,337 Percent.. . . . . . 95.5 4.3 0. 2 100 West South Central: Number . . 1,718 98.2 2 29 1 1,750 100 Percent _ _ _ _ _ _ 0. 1 1.6 0. 1 Mountain: Number .. .. _ .. 1,030 2 5 1 1,038 Percent _ 99.2 0. 2 0.5 0. 1 100 Pacific: Number _ _ 1,355 95.3 51 15 1 1, 422 100 Percent . _ _ 3.6 1.0 0. 1 Continental United States: Number _ _ _ . _ 26,861 96.5 271 655 49 27, 836 100 Percent _ 1.0 2.3 0.2 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 INCOME FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES Since data on income include all funds for school libraries handled by school authorities, moneys received for classroom collections, as well as for centralized libraries, are included. The superintendents were requested to give the total incomes for school libraries for the school year 1934-35. They were asked also to itemize the total in¬ comes showing the amounts received from local school funds, State school or library funds, public library funds, and other sources. In reporting the items, some of the superintendents gave the total incomes but did not indicate distribution as to sources. For this reason, the amounts given in the column headed “total income,” in table XXII are somewhat larger than the sum of the amounts dis¬ tributed as to sources. The percentages in table XXII are computed upon the actual sums of the amounts distributed as to sources. It is assumed that the distribution of the total incomes as to sources would be the same proportionately for those not indicating the distribution as for those that did. In the county unit school systems, as reported in table XXII, the 35.9 percent derived from local school funds and the 41 percent from county funds may be considered as one item, making a total of 76.9 percent from local sources. By way of explanation, some county unit (urban and rural) school districts are divided into sub-taxing districts and some are not. For purposes of this study, counties which are not divided into subtaxing districts, were considered local districts. Some of the superintendents of such counties reported money received for libraries from county-wide sources as local funds; others reported such money as county funds. The number of superintendents re¬ porting from counties with subtaxing districts was almost negligible. The county (rural only) and the county unit (urban and rural) school systems receive a larger proportion of their school library funds from State school or library funds than do city systems. This is to be expected for State funds are frequently granted to school districts that are unable to raise sufficient funds to maintain the educational standards set up by the States and a large number of poor districts are located in rural areas. Income from public library funds is reported by superintendents of school systems in which school and public library boards have entered into agreements whereby library service for schools is furnished co¬ operatively by the two agencies. For the school systems reporting, this arrangement is evidently more common in city than in county school systems. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 23 Table XXII.— INCOME FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, SOURCE, AMOUNT AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS RE¬ PORTING, 1934-35 Source System Local school funds County funds State school or library funds Public library funds Other sources Total » 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 City: Amount . . . Percent _ _ _ County (rural only) : Amount . . Percent _ County unit (urban and rural) : Amount _ . $4, 416, 724 83.2 $468, 494 60.5 $54, 034 35.9 $232, 665 4.4 $88, 085 11.4 $61, 679 41.0 $183, 694 3.5 $129, 677 16.7 $12, 521 8.3 $205, 548 3.8 $21, 324 2.8 $269, 696 5.1 $66, 931 8.6 $22, 156 14.8 $5,843, 894 100.0 $913, 109 100.0 $150, 790 100.0 Percent . . Total: Amount . . Percent _ $4, 939, 252 79.3 $382, 429 6.1 $325,892 5.2 $226, 872 3.6 $358, 783 5.8 $6, 907,793 100.0 1 Includes income not distributed as to source. Legend: County funds State, school or library funds Public library funds Other sources Local school funds Figure 5.— Percentage distribution of school library income by source, 1934-35. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 10 34-3 6 Income for school libraries received from sources not designated oil the form was reported under the item “other sources.’ ’ Percentages of the total incomes received for school libraries by city and county (rural only) school systems which come from “other sources” are given in table XXII. Income reported under “other sources” repre¬ sents money donated by parent-teacher associations, women’s clubs, and other organizations interested in the welfare of the schools, school clubs, school classes, and faculty members. For the schools reporting, the local school district is the source of most of the income for school libraries for all of the regions as well as for the United States (table XXIII). It has been pointed out that the approximate percentage of funds received for school libraries from local school funds in county unit (urban and rural) school systems in¬ cludes the amounts received from “local school funds” and from “county funds.” This would tend to increase the amount received from local school funds in the regions containing county unit school systems. Table XXIII.— INCOME FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, SOURCE, AMOUNT, AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION FOR SCHOOL SYSTEMS RE¬ PORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Source Region Local school funds County funds State school or library funds Public library funds Other sources Total in¬ come 1 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 New England: Amount . $170,605 $6, 221 $21, 221 10. 1 $12, 532 $212, 328 Percent.... 81.0 3.0 5.9 100.0 Middle Atlantic: Amount . . . $1, 532, 901 91.4 $270 $50, 619 3.0 $47, 897 2.9 $44, 540 $1, 727, 122 Percent . . 0 2.7 100.0 East North Central: Amount _ _ _ $1,332, 830 83.0 $30, 502 $64, 780 $131, 530 $46, 128 $1, 617, 553 Percent... . . 1.9 4.0 8.2 2.9 100.0 West North Central: Amount $475, 186 83.6 $26, 400 4.6 $44, 328 7.8 $11,369 2.0 $11, 134 $576, 774 Percent.. _ _ _ 2.0 100.0 South Atlantic: Amount _ . .. ... $133, 653 $58, 983 $20, 728 7.9 $1,474 $45, 757 $328, 623 Percent _ . 51.3 22.6 0.6 17.6 100.0 East South Central: Amount . . . $174, 909 $36, 668 $5, 574 $400 $30, 998 $250, 431 Percent . . . .. 70.4 14.7 2.2 0.2 12.5 100.0 West South Central: Amount.. . . . $461,809 $24, 537 $35, 236 $10, 921 $33, 315 $570, 320 Percent 81.6 4.4 6.2 1.9 5.9 100.0 Mountain: Amount _ _ $232, 770 $16, 993 $4, 631 $60 $9, 303 $266, 443 Percent . . 88.3 6.4 1.8 0 3.5 100.0 Pacific: Amount _ _ . $424, 589 $188, 076 $93, 775 $2, 000 $125, 076 $1, 358, 199 Percent _ - - _ _ 50.9 22.6 11.3 0.2 15.0 100.0 Continental United States: Amount . . $4, 939, 252 79.3 $382,429 6.1 $325,892 5.2 $226, 872 3.6 $358, 783 $6, 907, 793 Percent 5.8 100.0 Includes income not distributed as to source. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 25 EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES Since data for expenditures like that for income include all expendi¬ tures for school libraries handled by school authorities, expenditures for classroom collections, as well as for centralized libraries, are included. The superintendents were requested to report the total expenditures for school libraries for the school year 1934-35. They were also asked to distribute the total expenditures as to purposes, such as books and pamphlets, periodicals, binding and rebinding, salaries and equipment. In reporting the items some of the superintendents gave the total expenditures but did not indicate their distribution as to purposes. For this reason, the amounts given in the column “total expenditures” in table XXIV are somewhat larger than the sum of the amounts distributed as to purposes. The percentages in table XXIV are computed upon the actual sums of the amounts distributed as to purposes. It is assumed that the distribution of the total expendi¬ tures as to purposes would be the same proportionately for those not indicating the distribution as for those who did. The portion of the total amount expended for books and pamphlets by each of the two types of county school systems is greater than the portion of the total amount expended by the city school systems for this purpose. The reason for this is probably due to the fact that public library resources are more prevalent in urban than in rural areas, thus making it possible for schools in urban areas to spend a proportionately smaller amount of their school library budgets for books and periodi¬ cals since they may utilize public library facilities. Furthermore, the fact that the larger schools in cities employ full-time librarians makes the proportion of the school library budget spent for books smaller than in places where little is spent for salaries. This is shown in table XXIV. It is noted in the discussion of the section on the administrative control of school libraries that instances in which library service for schools is administered cooperatively by school and public library boards are more numerous in city than in county school systems (table XX). The amount expended for periodicals by all systems represents 3.5 percent of the total expenditure for school libraries for these systems. Since a number of the superintendents explained that in their school systems, expenditures for periodicals are not separated from those for books and pamphlets, this figure is smaller than the real amount spent, therefore, it seems best to combine the two items. If this is done, the total expenditures for “books, pamphlets, and periodicals” is $2,468,466, or 37.3 percent of the total expenditures for school libraries for all school systems reporting these expenditures. 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table XXIV.— EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, PURPOSE, AMOUNT, AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION FOR SCHOOL SYS¬ TEMS REPORTING, 1934^35 Purpose System Books and pamphlets Periodi¬ cals Binding and re¬ binding Salaries Equip¬ ment A 11 other purposes Total 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 City: Amount _ $1, 700, 157 29.7 $189, 207 3.3 $193, 849 3.4 $3, 493, 871 60.9 $77, 057 1.3 $81, 727 1. 4 $5, 840, 589 100.0 Percent . . . County (rural only): Amount . . $456, 747 62. 1 $32, 088 4.4 $21, 494 2.9 $185, 478 25.2 $18, 757 2.6 $20, 503 2.8 $880, 330 100.0 Percent _ _ _ County unit (urban and rural) : Amount _ $82, 529 56.7 $7, 738 5.3 $4, 968 3.4 $42, 878 29.4 $3, 832 2.6 $3, 742 2.6 $147, 332 100.0 Percent _ _ Total: Amount _ Percent _ $2,239,433 33.8 $229, 033 3.5 $220,311 3.3 $3, 722,227 56.3 $99, 646 1.5 $105, 972 1.6 $6,868,251 100.0 1 Includes items not distributed as to purpose of expenditures. Table XXV.— EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, PURPOSE, AMOUNT, AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION FOR SCHOOL SYS¬ TEMS REPORTING, BY REGIONS, 1934-35 Purpose Region Books and pamphlets Periodi¬ cals Binding and re¬ binding Salaries Equip¬ ment All other purposes Total expendi¬ tures 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New England: Amount _ $49, 968 24.5 $4, 630 2.3 $4, 138 2.0 $137, 969 67.6 $4, 011 1.9 $3, 413 1.7 $209, 928 Percent _ 100.0 Middle Atlantic: Amount _ $471, 385 28.4 $50, 857 3.1 $41, 500 2.5 $1, 040, 194 62.7 $25, 833 1.6 $28, 547 1.7 $1, 706, 870 Percent . . . 100.0 East North Central: Amount _ $437, 299 25.5 $62, 242 3.6 $69, 630 4.1 $1, 098, 860 64.0 $21, 680 1.2 $26, 815 $1, 740, 810 Percent _ _ 1.6 100.0 West North Central: Amount _ $220, 991 40.5 $24, 263 4.4 $16, 506 3.0 $264, 000 48.3 $10, 307 1.9 $10, 284 $566, 841 Percent _ _ 1.9 100.0 South Atlantic: Amount . . $139, 900 51.4 $11, 674 4.3 $6, 613 2.4 $100, 578 37.0 $7, 135 2.6 $6, 218 $349, 483 Percent . . 2.3 100.0 East South Central: Amount _ _ _ $91, 758 37.6 $8, 094 3.3 $7, 052 2.9 $127, 141 $5, 319 $4, 347 $247, 296 Percent _ _ _ 52.2 2.2 1.8 100.0 West South Central: Amount . $225, 408 41.2 $16, 311 3.0 $15, 045 2.7 $271, 039 49.5 $13, 384 $5, 851 $562, 247 Percent . . 2.5 1.1 100.0 Mountain: Amount _ $110, 873 44.5 $11, 094 4.4 $13, 157 5.3 $110, 150 $2, 972 $968 $260, 476 Percent _ __ _ 44.2 1.2 0.4 100.0 Pacific: Amount _ $491, 851 41.7 $39, 868 3.4 $46, 670 3.9 $572, 296 $9, 005 $19, 529 $1, 224, 300 Percent _ 48.5 0.8 1.7 100.0 Continen tal U. S. : Amount _ $2,239,433 33.8 $229, 033 3.5 $220, 311 $3, 722,227 $99, 646 $105,972 $6,868,251 Percent. 3.3 56.3 1.5 1.6 100.0 i Includes items not distributed as to purpose of expenditure. Another item that seemed difficult to report was that showing ex¬ penditures for binding and rebinding of school library books. Some superintendents stated that most of the binding for such books is done in their own school binderies which are connected with their PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 27 print shops and that costs for binding and printing are not segre¬ gated. Some reported that this work was done by relief workers. In one instance, school library fines were used in paying for binding. The amount reported for binding and rebinding for all school systems in table XXIV is 3.3 percent of the total expenditures for school libraries for these school systems. City Systems Urban-Rural Systems Rural Systems Legend: Books, pamphlets and periodicals Binding and rebinding Salaries Equipment All other purposes Figure 6.— Percentage distribution of school library expenditures by purpose, 1934-35. When it came to indicating the amounts expended for salaries, another difficulty was encountered because salaries for librarians are included frequently in teachers’ salary budgets. It was explained in a number of cases that in elementary schools, particularly those in which the platoon type of organization prevails, librarians are teachers. For all systems, the amount reported for salaries is 56.3 percent of the total expenditures for school libraries. Expenditures for all purposes not designated on the form are tabulated under the item “all other purposes” in table XXIV. Amounts spent by each of the school systems reporting for equip¬ ment and “all other purposes” are given in table XXIV, 77906° — 38 - 3 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 NATIONAL SUMMARY TABLE Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARY STATISTICS FOR 4 GROUPS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS AND SCHOOLS UNDER ADMINISTRATION OF COUNTY SUPERIN¬ TENDENTS, 1934-35 Group I.— Group II.— Group III.— Group IV.— Groups I to IV com¬ bined Counties Item Cities of 100,000 popula¬ tion and more Cities of 30,000 to 99,999 popula¬ tion Cities of 10,000 to 29,999 popula¬ tion Cities of 2,500 to 9,999 popula¬ tion Coun- ty- rural only County unit- urban and rural Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 School systems: Number sent to . 90 220 647 1,944 1,433 73. 71 2, 901 3, 180 246 6,327 Usable replies . . . 62 151 451 2,097 951 82 3, 130 Percent replying.. . . . . Schools in systems: 68. 89 68. 64 69. 71 72. 29 29. 91 33. 33 49. 47 Number sent to . . Number reported in us- 11, 759 5, 453 6, 955 9, 283 33, 450 227 1 500 260,950 able replies 1 . . . 5, 247 2, 535 3, 713 5, 830 62.80 17, 325 50, 853 4,302 72, 480 Percent replying . Served by centralized 44. 62 46. 49 53. 39 51. 79 24. 24 27. 78 libraries: Number 1 . 1,908 1,242 1, 578 2,945 49.15 7,673 22, 656 1, 797 32, 126 Percent... . . . Served by classroom col- 36. 42 47. 97 41.86 43. 45 41.84 39.71 42.11 lections: Number . 2, 555 932 1, 763 2, 376 44. 22 7, 626 23,812 2,029 33, 467 Percent . . Percent served by either 49. 94 38. 21 48. 77 46. 10 52. 41 49. 25 50. 63 centralized libraries or classroom collections _ Enrollment: 86. 36 86. 18 90. 63 93. 37 89. 55 94. 25 88. 96 92.74 In all systems . . . Reported in usable re^ 6, 321, 194 2, 067, 854 2, 222, 797 2, 437, 299 13, 049, 144 13, 385, 049 26,434,193 plies _ _ 4,220,093 1, 371, 990 1, 482, 186 1, 752, 183 71.89 8, 826, 452 3,231,324] | 443,241 12,501,017 Percent replying _ Served by centralized 66. 76 66. 35 66.68 67. 64 27. 45 47.29 libraries.. . . 2,340,739 887, 622 887, 596 1, 073, 691 61.28 5, 189, 648 1, 775,010 245, 016 7, 209, 674 Percent served . . Total number of volumes in 55. 46 64. 70 59.88 58. 80 54. 93 55. 28 57. 67 centralized libraries (ap¬ 28,346,250 proximate) . . Average size of centralized 5, 185, 750 2, 978, 000 3, 131, 250 4, 895, 500 16, 190, 500 10,991,750 1, 164, 000 libraries (in volumes)... Median size of centralized 2,784 2, 545 2,067 1, 857 2, 254 578 711 1, 018 libraries (in volumes)... Average number of vol¬ 1,698 1, 622 1,008 943 1, 377 333 350 407 umes owned per child served by centralized 3. 93 libraries . . . Average number of volumes 2. 22 3. 36 3. 53 4. 56 3. 12 6. 19 4. 75 added per centralized li¬ 68. 30 brary in 1934-35 _ _ Total income for libraries: 269. 61 183. 49 153. 77 137. 46 182. 67 26. 76 48. 99 Number of systems re¬ 2, 568 porting _ _ 54 137 396 1,207 $1,252,601 1,038 1,794 705 69 A mount $2,448,017 $1,104,514 8, 062 $1,038,762 2, 623 $5, 843, 894 3, 257 $913, 109 $150, 790 $6,907,793 Average per system . . Average per pupil en¬ 45, 333 1,295 2,185 2, 690 rolled . . Total expenditure for li¬ .64 .88 .81 .84 .74 .38 .40 . 65 braries: Number of systems re¬ 2,568 porting... . 54 137 396 1, 207 $1,222,915 1, 013 1,794 705 69 Amount _ _ $2,504,406 $1,087,730 $1,025,538 $5, 840, 589 $880, 330 $147, 332 $6,868,251 Average per system - Average per pupil en¬ 46, 378 7, 939 2, 590 3, 256 1, 249 2,135 2, 675 rolled . . .66 .86 .80 .82 .74 .36 .39 . 64 ‘ These figures are not the same as in subsequent tables because in arriving at the total number of schools in the United States a junior high school housed in the same building with an elementary school was counted as a separate school, likewise a regular high school housed with an elementary school was counted as a separate school, but in other tables in this study such a combination is treated as 1 school. Number of schools reported in usable replies, comparable with data in subsequent tables, is Group I, 5,116; Group II, 2,439; Group III, 3,617; Group IV, 5,373; counties, 45,436; county units, 4,120. Number of schools served by centralized libraries, comparable with data in subsequent tables, is: Group I, 1,863; Group II, 1,170; Group III, 1,515; Group IV, 2,636; counties, 19,016; county units, 1,636. REGIONAL SUMMARY TABLES PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 29 Total number of schools served by either central¬ ized li¬ braries or class¬ room col¬ lections co || co O II co s f *OMC5C Q | ggSSSg 3 4, 381 1,304 » 5, 853 Total num¬ ber of schools o S II 05 co eo • II co oo co co ^ ^ O (N r-« o ^ co t-i e* co 12,262 rH ^ ^r-T CO Number of schools served by classroom collections only Total QO s i sf II 5,445 §88 00 00 t>- H » tN. CO 05 00 CS CO 1-1 CO U5 153 100 322 Total w ^ 11 05 o oJ « II 00 05 1-1 00 o* ^ CO 05 CM | 01° *Oht}< *00*0 rH rH CO | Junior-senior high Served 3 1,313 53 CO O N CO Cl H 509 HNH co Total O 1,393 r* co 00 05 O O rH 1 (M 00 CO 00 CO 05 CO Junior high only Served a* 1, 05G a ^^hcc»oci N Total <30 1,205 w o NONCOOCO »C rH IH 55 W CO 00 CM 03 03 CO | Elementary and junior high Served CO 1 1 1 CO rH 1 t>. 1 1 1 • 1 1 23 42 86 Total CO 1,405 CO ^ CO |»OIOH CS * CO i 236 70 53 113 Elementary Served 5 ss s w rHCOO^CO^ 00 rH 00 CO »0 4,219 1,880 252 2,087 Total 54,015 05 r* o* 676 390 285 907 177 324 611 *01 3, 756 1,086 5, 277 Systems Re¬ ports used eo I 3, 130 CO N riOOONNCO iONNOhW 8 CO 245 141 296 Total num¬ ber W 05 o' U5 CO 00 N *0 0)0 O CO 05 (N ^ 1,007 §8§ | CO rH ^ 1 Region and State - Continental United States. New England . . Maine . New Hampshire . . Vermont . Massachusetts . Rhode Island.. . Connecticut . Middle Atlantic . . New York . New Jersey . Pennsylvania . See footnotes at end of table. 30 © 3 a o O cc W CQ C S D co £ O i— i o w « Table 2. — Number of schools served by centralized libraries and by classroom collections according to type of school, 1934-85 — Continued Total number of schools fcd served by either g central- ized li- ^ braries £ or class- t-i room col¬ lections w IVEY O *+ OF co w* EDUCA' co co — < o C 00 C CO o CO 05 CO CO cm cm'cm no »X, 1934-3 05 CO CO -h 05 CM rt< CM 00 lO CO 00 05 ^COCOOCOOOTf co* *-T cm" cm ^-T Total num¬ ber of schools ! 05 13,084 (NC5CCOO NCCOOOO cf i-h c^r • »0 Tf CO CO CO O CO Cl 408 oo ^ co ^ oo ^ I CO 40 05 ^ lO CO 00 Junior-senior high Served - CO O* CO 05 CO CO lO y-( CO J C5 05 CO 00 CO CM >h CO CM CO CM HCO Total o eo o* N N O CO CO NiO o* NiOHOON CM CO CO CO ^ CM 40 CM CM 40 Total GO GO 0* 00 00 40 CO CO TF t*h 00 143 T*< rH CO 40 00 05 CO CM rH H O H Elementary Served o GO 441 157 643 1,566 2, 000 4,071 OO O CC N TT CO CO 05 r-H O CO 05 CO CO *-< CO 00 rr< ^ Total 10,970 1, 841 925 2,067 2, 044 4,093 GO * ► CO oT CO 40 40 05 40 CM 05 40 05 00 05 00 co CM ^H 40 CM COrHHH cm" i-H* Systems Re¬ ports used eo 654 SSooo CO CO CO ^ CO 05 CM CM ^ 00 CO CO CM 40 CO co Total num¬ ber 1,093 05 00 lO Tf £3 2 CM 2 2 970 05 CM CO 40 ts. 40 00 00 co 00 CM co Region and State - East North Central _ Ohio . . . Indiana . . Illinois . . . . Michigan . . Wisconsin . . . . West North Central _ Minnesota . . Iowa _ _ _ Missouri . - . . North Dakota . . South Dakota . . Nebraska _ Kansas . - PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 31 I •* siSiSiSSS -rcT-r II ^ s m 1,363 1,223 549 380 S 376 2, 457 380 1,032 1 N 980 255 512 522 224 272 21 150 11 « 592 770 « 1, 944 s r** i-J'N'i-T 2 SSil -r-r 1 1ISI of ~ 8 »* liislgsg rH 8 w §11 (N 9 o eo "§aSI§SSg 8 fill r-H~ s ass§ 1 — * saasagss I - g§8 | •' 05 I 2 *°&S2 I 3 •O^CO»OHtOiHN u 1 7.06 ‘Z i— r »o s **“ Isss r-T 1 *> S3§§ 1 -r ISS82Sa* s _r 111 5 i ~ s 8832 2 S9** 3M32-COO',2822~2 1 !588 s 1 1 ic522N2 S 3223 3 :883 2 ^COOOHOON ’• :323 1 Is ONHOiiOOCCN a 82S> s 1 CO 1 1 !®2'ocs&5co 3 288^ 8 W§SH 8 CO CO »0 05 05 jH i 8 50 L°^ 2 00 . 1 Tf CM CO CM © © i-d'ioVNChd N © rH CO CM © O Total en¬ rollment h* 12,501,017 W us ac CO 62,211 50, 033 23, 555 344, 484 78, 921 125, 968 3, 580, 630 1, 817, 056 620, 785 • 1, 142, 789 co © us us CM 880, 929 343, 258 2 384, 146 3 559, 372 283, 798 © © US' * 331, 143 165, 401 * 253, 103 68, 636 69, 996 108, 854 « 147, 883 Elementary and all high Served eo 968, 509 1 3, 710 704 2, 111 895 158, 985 103, 327 12, 491 43, 167 201,702 103, 680 26, 933 5, 938 50, 158 14, 993 81,639 32, 451 8, 558 10, 465 13, 123 7, 547 4, 096 5, 399 Total cm 1,385,172 co 5 rtfl 1 O rt< US 1 © i © CO © l t— j CO © 00 j r** 107, 639 18, 163 51, 972 233, 894 116, 798 35, 679 6, 666 53, 527 21, 224 108, 900 38, 054 12, 558 12, 674 18, 794 12, 468 8, 408 5,944 Senior or regular high Served 3 CM G* s St X OS II us oo oo ccoioo^oco © OS cf US rH H T-i CO rH CO 674, 988 365, 011 118, 866 191, 111 400, 230 118, 150 61, 466 101, 750 84, 108 34, 756 161,437 42, 617 27, 636 37, 018 3, 729 4, 473 21, 653 24,311 Total ® s US 1 139, 742 10, 992 12, 190 3, 267 70, 907 11,068 31,318 700,418 368, 575 122, 687 209, 156 416,021 CO l''» Is** US 1 CO © CM CO CM cm" cm" us" cm" CM © © CO tF 174, 367 42, 752 28, 855 39, 799 6, 483 8, 021 22, 549 25. 908 Junior-senior high Served OS us GO CM © N O: CM ct r^ 00 CM © CO CO JoSnSSS ©" cm cm" c. © US N©HHOOOO 630, 614 309, 347 93, 574 227, 693 545,413 126,106 29, 045 92,476 214, 921 82, 865 197,895 49, 989 22, 010 37,938 17, 389 11, 151 23, 016 36, 402 Total cm 6,994,040 417,316 CO © CM us CM CM N O © O CO CM © © 00 CO 00 rH* © us cm" © © r^COrHO^OO 2,111,435, 1, 109, 615 398, 831 602, 989 1, 313, 543 398, 947 198, 577 226, 825 317, 293 171, 901 OO OS CO CM r* © 187,335 88,362 168,083 39, 853 44, 113 64, 858 79, 794 Region and State - Continental U. S. . New England _ _ Maine . . . - New Hampshire . - Vermont _ _ Massachusetts . . . Rhode Island.. . Connecticut . . Middle Atlantic _ New York . . . New Jersey . Pennsylvania . . .. East North Central. . . . Ohio . Indiana.. . . . Illinois . . . . Michigan . . Wisconsin . . West North Central _ Minnesota . Iowa . Missouri . . North Dakota . . South Dakota . Nebraska . Kansas . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 33 901 ‘906 13, 878 100, 506 7 37, 560 157, 470 111,682 351, 397 69, 286 46, 018 18, 309 0 w GO* X x 88, 692 122, 616 125, 726 51, 386 40 eo 50 3 36, 614 327, 966 59. 761 122, 004 05 X X CD X w H05XX40^40 05 INHH40C0 10 040 XHOWO^^O n d* co o' 50 50* ^ oT XHNXWX rH 666,581 119, 645 53, 154 8 493, 785 3 O* of »0 50 50*0*0X40X050 XXQONX05050 NdCOCO* cfi-H* 01 Cl GO X X rH 0 HdOJ 50XN 50** cf O* rH O w" eo t»l^-i-HCOC040COOO^ 05 40 500NNOOTt• 40 05 CO ^ 0 40 05 O 50 40 co 0^40 rtT CO 05 01 0* CO CO 3888 40 rCoT5D 1H X 1-H 40 40 05 0 50 r *0 05 X O rH 50 40 X 05 X 0* 40 X of X rH Tt4 X 0© eo NpHNMN40TfN^ 05C0 0Q(NNNONrH ^r^C*XiHt^50t^40 GO 40* x 8883 ^ 00 GO jooV r» 05 0 of N40dCO NOINO 40 CO 05 c* 83® £ 50 s 50 50 IOXHHWC5XN C0005H40HOIO OOOH400>OW^ rH* X X 40 40 00* 1-H* x" 0 05 GO 05 XXM4 888 40*50*5cf X H -rf Cl 00 50 Q© x th i lx50c*e*5or>- 2 ; :gS8SS3 *H • 1 ^^00 CO CO CO 1 1 rH 40 r* 05 05 CO 1-HTJ4 00O* 50rfOOCO CO 40 CO 50 t^*0f5O X 50 ©5 05 5D |^05M 140 50 N IHCOtJ4 iX**ofof 1 rH rH 1 01 of ONH^HO 1 05 40 rH O X X 50 IH X 50 40 O* X 1 iH H H 40 cf X 1 1 1 40 05 of 40 rt4 50 000 ^XN 40 50** X o »o of x 1 ho5 i oo 50 os c* 40 O CO 1 05 Tt< 50 rt4 CO rH Hio 1050005050* »-H I^T^Toocococo 1 0 r* »OCOrf(N 838$ i^co r>fx 05 r* s ^XOJCO 40 C55 50 X X C* 228 1 05 NN50t!4hC* 1 C5 10HNXX50 l rH ^ 50 40 X 0 0 in 40 X X w 50 50 O |050>O^OONO |(N40NOO^IOCOO INNOONCOOOO • rfoo rH io\* i-T ^ IINHH i CO CO 0 C* 3838 005 00 40 nVlNH eo eo 0 r* IMH05 1 05 40 X 1 40 ^ 0 l 50*l> 50 1 -rf »H 50 w IS I0H05N50H10C* XXXIOOI^OO X40^H03l0dH of rH 40 1-T XrH Of 50 ^ X 40 Od5^ rH*40 40 rH 05 3 r- !(N50HC0005rJiO |H10 000^05 050 lOONHCON^dO • 50 oo 50 ^ i-T i-T th 1 1 CO ©* 0* 40 40 8323 coeoef 05 40 3 140005 1 O 40 X 1 O 05 50 1 0 t>Tco 1 40 H 1 1 X X 40** X 10HX50 50OI0W XX»H40040QX rt^iONXONdH of rH 40 ^ rH r-T CO X QO* 0* 0* 40 50 O* rt4 rH 50*40 50 H 05 »o w x of o • • h 05 oo co 05 1 i Tji O Tf 00 lO 05 rJ4 1 l-^-H(NNH(N r-T 1 1 CO* ^ CO r-T 40^ 1 1 1 1 0 40* Ci dOHN O* 00^ 40 ^40 co 1-4* w 40 50 H O X r-H . ! 05 oo o* 005 1 05 O 00 00 50 ^ i d h 40 n d co Cf < ^ ^ CO* r-H* tC 1 1 CO 0 ©* W05INO 0 40 CO rH ^ TP 50 ^*r>fofcf c* CO CO eo 0? T*4 X 50 Tt4 0 50 > 0 TC4 0 X 0 0 M4 » X r-f of 50 X 50 l>T 1 1 1 X X 40* 50 40 rH X rH X 0 X X ^8 o CO o o x »-Ht-O5T^C0C04O4OC0 0005dN(N50 05N HO^dN005^CO i-T 50 i-T cT 50 t-T 50 50 ^ 50 50 CO 40 CO 40 40 N-^10 05 CO 40 0 CO 05 CO rH rH 3832 X 05 r* CO ©> w ^ 50 rH O X 0 40 X C* x 05 X of 40 © X 0* 40 2 X O^X05XO*OX Crf CGiO^HGN OG3 40 50ri4NOCO tC h x* ^j* of of i-f r-f 40 X 40** X 0* TJ4 50 40 X 00 05 50 40 0 X cf50 x 0* 05 GO CO 40^»0 50 50040HN CO^COOiOCOOO^CO 00d50 500d40050 »C CO H 0“ 0" H d N HH50lCC0 05C0 40d 0 40 CO NHIOM 00 05 40 GO 40 50 CO ^ 8333 X 40 0* 0* 05 50 rH 40 O* 40 40 8|23 05 X ■Hi N Cl XO*rH504050rHO* NOO^dOOH^d 05000 05 05HX<0 of of CO X t^** X** Tjf X 40 X O* O* iH 0? X X G(0 40 X 0* 0* 882 i-fl>of X X 0 uth Atlantic . - Delaware . Maryland . . . .. District of Columbia . Virginia . West Virginia . North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia . Florida . . . st South Central . Kentucky. . Tennessee . . Alabama _ _ _ Mississippi . ;st South Central _ Louisiana . . Texas... . Arkansas . . Oklahoma . . . >un tain _ Montana . Wyoming. . . . Colorado.. . . New Mexico . Arizona . . . . Utah. . Nevada . Idaho . . . cific . . . Washington . Oregon . . California _ _ _ J Includes 174 enrolled in 1 teacher-training institution. * Includes 368 enrolled in 2 teacher-training institutions. 3 Includes 160 enrolled in 1 junior college. 5 Includes 458 enrolled in 1 junior college. s Includes 413 enrolled in 2 junior colleges. 7 Includes 1,044 enrolled in 2 teacher-training institutions. 4 Includes 375 enrolled in 1 junior college. * Includes 5,440 enrolled in 3 junior colleges. Table 4 —NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Number of librarians and assistants in centralized libraries Total number for school system Part-time U5> 8,770 »0 32 11 12 67 16 13 1, 158 CO CM CO OOOH CO CO C£> r to cm' CO CM CO 00 CO IO CO to to r-H TJH 05 eo o r* 00 ^ r- 05 ^ O 00 CO T}< CO rH TJ< to «OHHHH II Full-time 3, 808 123 HN»OcoOirf< rH ^ CM CM GO 381 149 i 294 1,028 295 109 * 167 390 67 393 05 05 CM 00 Is* *-H 05 CO to CO to Elementary and all high Part-time eo 1,584 8 CM Tf CM ! O CM 187 6 68 391 CO OCO 00 ^ ^ to CO to CM »o r CM 05 to rH 00 Tt< CM CO Nh05^COh Full-time 341 3 CM 1 1 eo r* os r- r- r* o HOHINCO CM rH CO S 12 1 3 1 CM CM rH Senior or regular high Part-time 3 1,418 59 21 6 O CM ^ CM o CM hoco CONC | CO — CO CM to ^ CM CO r-H CM ^ CO to 180 00 05 05 to ^ o »o CM CO CO CO Full-time O 1, 375 61 lOCOHON^ O CO CM CO — i | CM ^ 2 »o o CO co cm co to GO CO CM 155 r- 05 00 CM to rH CO COH^ cm cm Junior-senior high Part-time 3 2 r» Tt»H(NN i i i 121 36 11 74 148 HHCOCON to CO rH CM CM o CO O CM O CO CM CO 1 28 19 Full-time GO g jj ce H H CM O H H r* tO ONO 10^05 r* X O CO N 05 to CM 1-H H r* co N 05 O CM 00 Junior high only Part-time - o r* § ** CM r— < QO Tf CM II UO to CO ^ oo 15 30 14 18 ® to to CO to T* CO CM 0C Full-time CO g || g O ^ 119 to to 05 CO T-t CO 139 to CO CO 00 1 N HM j CM a “*3 i to CO ( Elementary and junior high Part-time 358 1 QO tO 1 136 S8°°SJS | r* CM 1 11 2 7 CM CM CO Full-time 1 on 1 ^ to 05 ^ to CO 00 to co co QO Elementary Part-time CO S 3 1 l' OJ H X N 399 co 05 05 !>• CM CM 1,460 sgsss I rH CM CM r- 1,030 to CO to CM CO O CM CO 05 CM ^ CO CO CO 1-H Full-time cm 907 12 io ! c'j i io ' | ® r* O GO CM CO CM 1-4 354 1 CM 05 to O 00 1 to to CO 1 CM 107 »o cm 00 jt-CO | Region and State - Continental U. S . New England _ Maine . . . New Hampshire . . Vermont _ _ Massachusetts . ... Rhode Island _ _ Connecticut . . Middle Atlantic _ New York . . . . New Jersey _ Pennsylvania _ _ _ East North Central _ Ohio . . . . . Indiana . . . Illinois _ Michigan . Wisconsin . .. West North Central _ Minnesota . Iowa . . Missouri . . . North Dakota . . South Dakota. . . Nebraska _ _ Kansas. . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 35 740 13 60 1 S sgSg 3 5 §2l CM CO 9 18 < 12 51 35 113 38 27 9 ”, s 17 281 28 103 3 2®gw2?3NN 1 — 1 8 71 10 43 13 41 1 3 = 3 40 CM CO j j CO CM 1 1 j CO feg i 3 CD CM *q^hmoco 1 CM CM N- O 40 l 1 l 1 “V - CO I C^l i J 40 CM 1 ?! M is 8 8 gsgg 1 5 50 5 20 17 25 16 4 11 1 43 23 213 ?! : i MCONh ! i n 1 56 11 5 1 162' 4 60 § CM 20 1 2 4 8 South Atlantic . Delaware Maryland . District of Columbia _ Virginia . West Virginia _ North Carolina . South Carolina. . Georgia . Florida . . East South Central _ Kentucky . Tennessee . Alabama . . . Mississippi . . . West South Central _ Louisiana . Texas . Arkansas.... . Oklahoma Mountain _ _ _ Montana _ _ Wyoming _ _ _ .. Colorado . . . New Mexico . . Arizona.. . Utah . Nevada _ _ Idaho . Pacific _ Washington . . Oregon . . . . California . Table 5.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35 Junior high only Total W ENN W W 1,048 p SL ao FRVEY OF CC^HMiOtN El CO ct duca: 883 CIO ac N, 1934-3 II ® 1 II" 1 6 NOOOCOkOCOH CM CO rH rH CO 10,000 or more CM CO 1 1 CM ^ ; | ;l i i i 1- 1 1 1 i 5,000 to 9,999 o w ao CO N CM IQ CM rH CM ao CM CO CM CM kO CO *. 1 3,000 to 4,999 a 170 W IQCO rH W ^ CM CO rH CM ® CO ■<** CO ■'*' 05 >0 s >o to -ii* .-H e» o> a ©g CD 144 CM CM - CM 1 ® w ao kO CM CM CM s HO“5HHiOiC Elementary and junior high Total 780 CO 149 COHIO CM ^ 00 kO c> CM OiOHCMN CO CM CO ^ CO 45 1 TJiNNlOMlNCO 1 ~ ~ 1 10,000 or more s i i r- ii ii i i t>» i i ll ll ii ii ll ii ? i ii 5,000 to 9,999 eO ■ w i i cm i i 05 CM i • ^ CO 1 i ; 1 3,000 to 4,999 CM ® | CO CM CO H CM CO CM ^ OCM 1,000 to 2,999 - 159 N - ^ oo H H CM H* kiO co 11 1 3 500 to 999 o CO w CO CO 69 CO CO CO CM ^ r* CM kO O ^ CO CM —i CO kO h^COhhCM i gll Oi 293 53 ^ rH co co ® CO 4 5 21 kO co t>- ^ »o »o eo CM CM CO ^ rH rH II II Elementary Total ao 18,537 ao co w HCOO^CO^ 00 rHOOCOlO CM 05 CM CO 00 00 CM o 1-T CM 4,806 441 156 643 1,566 2, 000 4,071 1,198 310 706 867 494 63 433 10,000 or more a > i i i i 1 1 1 ii il 5,000 to 9,999 » - i i i 3 lO»OH ® CM ^ 1 CO 00 CM i • 3,000 to 4,999 its N CO CM CO CO "S- 05 ao rn co oo eo 500 to 999 eo 2,050 CO CO CS H CO rH lO Tf (NH(N 304 8 co o CO r kO CO CO ^ CM 00 S^Sw 367 05 05 00 00 00 CO 05 IOHCOCO CM ^ a ®§ *Q cm 15, 053 177 NNINOOOOO iONh 3, 607 1,569 151 1,887 3,819 282 110 438 1.342 1,647 3, 631 1,118 282 528 828 480 29 366 Region and State - Continental U. S _ New England . . . . a rv. C £ s: ii > i i u Is :| Massachusetts . Rhode Island 1 11 ll ii ic Middle Atlantic . . . .. New York . . . New Jersey . Pennsylvania _ _ East North Central _ Ohio... . . Indiana . . Illinois.. . . . Michigan _ _ _ Wisconsin . West North Central . Iowa Missouri . North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 1 1 1 1 J ! 08 i n ! Q PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 37 n 21 17 16 14 5 CM CM CM © co d co co 3 : 5 3 18 7 120 19 12 89 w j j j j | i : CM • i i i ; ; ; — i — ; j ; ; ; 1-1 i j * | i 00 1 © jo ;t t* j j j j j i ill© ! CM h- r» i l i ' CM 1 CO ' *— < 1 1 1 1 1 1 i l l i ^ 1 1 i i Tt< • 1 2 'oh? 1 © ! iooim ! ! : : : ; : : : i i » SM © is ■*< ! CM 05 © 05 CO r-H CM ' r* 1 1 00 CO ^ CM 3 M (N «D ^ 00 « IHCM © 00COH zi ' ^CM i-tCOi-t 1 III o 1 1 1 CM iO CM rH © ' 05 CO T P © 1 CM !N 2 »C CM N Of) ! CO CO CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 © 1 1 1 CM ! CO GO ! 05 ^ u o 1 © CM ! ! CM I-H CC ) CM i © i »— 1 CM CO £ « : lo^cc 10 25 23 4 £ 3 65 17 H £ coco>oga.£ ! M II « 6 5 26 i 1 1 N “ i CO ct i i i : i M I r-l 50 ■ it i l l IH id III 1 cmh ! I at ; 1-1 " i i ' CM i i i 1 1-1 ; ; ; ; . . ^ i • c M CM QO ^ 1 1 * ^ r ijj- ^ ! Is- i i . Tt< , 1 1 j 2 CM ! P-H »-H i-H C£ > ! CM © Cl CM © © • i i CM *— < i— r IIs CO CO T- s i & s i a i CM CO CO © i 11 - ■ © i i i i 1 1 NCOr- ■ iaw g K 1 3 5 j i 2 CO ! oo § 3 67 2 612 1.045 117 i§S« 2 2§H* ; 1 53 444 106 i 309 19 81 70 36 8f8 99 Z Sgl i i j | M Mil: • ! i © 1 1 1 ! © © i iii CM i i s is 2 1-H 1 CO 1 ^ 1 1 1 4 ^ ' co r* i j J CM ^ — < 2 »— 1 © 1 - ^ 1 © ! | CM ! CM 1- H j is co^o 2 \%ci% 13 3 7 82 3 1 6 73 4 3 II S3 0 CM rt* r>» s ass 3 12 4 4 111 5 © r> ^s§2: 109 58 O'^OhOC' T § 45 31 76 CO 24 2 444 957 2 II 115 381 41 * 41 279 84 i 289 15 47 58 16 ? js | 114 214 166 ! i I ◄ £ 1 Delaware . - . Maryland... - - - District of Columbia - - Virginia . . West Virginia . lNorin uarouna. - South Carolina. . Georgia _ _ _ Florida . . East South Central Kentucky . Tennessee _ _ Alabama. . . IVUSGlSSippi - . - . - West South Central _ Louisiana . . . Texas - - Arkansas - - - Oklahoma . Mountain. _ Montana. . . Wyoming . - Colorado . . New Mexico . . . Arizona _ _ uian . . . Nevada - - Idaho . Pacific.. _ _ Washington . ■ i • i i « oo Table 5.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1 934-35 — Continued 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total for school system s i s i 144 34 25 226 68 89 6,093 2,491 482 •3,120 IS 1 1311811 = - - -■«* II ” 1SI13I1 ~ ^ aiom JO 000*01 3 s CM - - ; i 5? r° |s ^ 05 00 COTt< 3 C CM i co CM 666*6 01 000*5 3 i - - TfHlO 3 333351 2 ^ CO OO CO « IT; N 666* £ 01 000*8 8 -r 3 enoNoo*® I 122 51 153 a 3 Sgg**-'0*0?? 666*2 01 000*1 2 S 2 S r 434 136 i 593 i IsilS i §233338 666 01 005 3 1 225 98 319 i Ss8Sg I 8223338 005 jepnfi s s §£2g&e1 1 1, 615 171 1, 997 388 175 470 1,388 1.680 3,900 1, 122 315 561 951 496 57 398 Elementary and all high IBl°Jj 3 S »“ CO H co 1 238 26 117 S g3°°3S S £322323 9J0UI JO 000*01 3 - i US HMH 05 — \*~ j CM cm ! ! ! ! ! ! 666*6 Ol 000*5 K 53 13 1 6 3 CMrJiH^ 1 1 »o 00 ! rH CMCM ! CM I i i i 666‘fr Ol ooo‘e 3 s 3 36 3 9 3 P- 1 O JO CM | CM CO j j j 666*2 Ol 000‘T s 2 -T i n 133 3 43 r* <3 ^ ^ ^ CO 1 23233^2 666 Ol 005 ss i r CO CM t-H s 32 14 47 n §3^82 05 12 3 16 37 13 1 9 005 Japan s s r 05 CO -H 5? 3^3 47 29 1 22 12 s hh CM JO JO t-h O 05 Senior or regular high PUOj, s 1 i u us S SIS 1 22gSS 8 3832233 9Jom JO 000*01 M g - - I | i| £ GO • CONOCO •** O CM h !hMH 666*6 0} 000*5 ss i X) - Tf< »-H I 223 s 323200 co ,-h HON 666‘b 0} 000*8 n si 53 NIOHOCO® I 2 41 31 52 3 2°>883 s§ 322 j.©«3 666*2 01 000*1 u il 3 6 4 1 27 3 14 05 3 233 § 3 c5 » 3 3 | |s 4 18 33 10 4 6 14 666 Ol 005 s us 3 53 7 4 1 10 £ i* 05 CM © CM Is CSTtjg-'l' ]CO£q 005 jepun 51 Sfls O CO Tfl CO ^ -H I 3 0003| i* 332 j»| \n !®o>w«®o Junior-senior high PUOI, n 1 I5 OONCNH S3! 76 57 5 43 33 3 g33°^3 9JOU3 JO 000*01 n s| 1 i ; 1 ; - CM CM t-) 1 h *°-H : eo ^ i- • i i- 666*6 01 000*5 £ *1 i H 53 O CM CO I- 14 4 1 7 7 - ■ i CM ^ CO 1 i ^ 1 1 Ol 000*8 s si CM CM < i 05 22 6 63 2 2^®2 | 1* co oi oo ! ! ^ »o 666*2 Ol 000*1 s si - co 822 8 i U- £ 82s; 2 2H?5SN^° j 3 CMhht}4 H CO 2 2 S *^22 05 • CO CM ^ 'tf4 COCO 1 Is ^COiH . ss e3S®2 £ ! Hrf 05 I CO : i 2 I-4 o o s (M 1 |s 3222 S j&as 2 iCCOOCMOON ! CM 8 2^2 : i lh -iji 1! ^ * CO ' rH ! : i j j j j j j i i i i - i b - - | ih cm ! 1 ! i-H ■ i i • i i Ih CM ! ! CM CO ' CM ' rH eo 1 i ■ co I ! • i : : ; : : ^ is 2 i i CM 00 tJ4 ! CO lh J ^ cs coco r- !o5 CM CD ! CM CM ! CM rH - CM ! lO - i CM O 05 CM CO rH ||s 1 8 iS22 | i— i-s o CO 1-t CD 2 • ; HCOHOOr-i ! n 1 JOO t»< -h 2 | CM 00 - CM J H rH r-HCM rH i CO 30 j i IH l Tt4 1 CO l*h— 2 ! i-i 00 CD : 2 j~ b~ !cm »o eo !> © . g ! : : : : _ i i i i - 'iii U i i i i i i i i C i . i i o i i i i u : : : : r a Jill ! ! i : ; I I : : : ; : : ; ; : 1 |j ■ id l i i • i 1 i l 1 d d I ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 ||" i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 I FH i O 1 1 1 1 1 1 l i T* IT* 1 d 1 CO 1 1 1 s is i • II 05 • d i • i i i -1 i i 1 1 1 1 »H CO IH 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 us i • i rH 1 CO 1 !d d 1 d ! i i i i « i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i I d d 3 i 4 46 OHIO lOMO) US rH IQ t* eo 00 eo 33 143 29 699 1, 185 1,323 243 135 44 d g?ssd|$s COU5NH r» s -J 1 r- T* O d US CO 00 oo j r^coc5 us o oo i " " us US eo oo d us H T* 05 CO t* us COd 05 3,890 33 145 29 705 1, 185 1,365 245 139 44 1,337 82S3£||§ co co d h II r* 154 884 206 506 1,038 t^uS*HUSUS0500 00 ^ co 05 us o oo CO hh »h d T* 320 446 656 O CO H T* d T* ^ HCO US d eo 32 141 29 634 924 1,315 163 104 33 T* s d t* us co eo 8583 3 99 734 172 481 us d CD doususcooooorH 1-1 CO 00 H us 00 CO d CO d 2SS CO CO US 1 111 3 220 o s ,-MM T* rH US d T* 1~ COO 1-1 00 CO rm CO d sgasjs us 00 d CO US T* CO rH 404 JO T* <0005 JO us us eo US 05 05 00 rH 1 1 1 I CO i ICO 1 1 1 « 1 1 1 1 1 1 s jca 1 1 iH IT* IH ICO • • 1 1 1 ** i i i i i i ! 05 rH IOC 1 1 1 1 1 1 rr till l 1 1 • US fill 1 • i 1 till 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 d o 1 39 W-HU5 eo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o n y? n | 03 r* - 1 05 • co N 00 s 4,299 1,820 46, 706 100 50 166 4,951 1 ! 1 05 d o »c us c iCCNONOu 1 CO 05 t* <© CO r § Is h II eo d £28 t^coo us oo c7 So 19 4, 464 365 US eo 05 eo 693 250 166 835 1,461 344 1 CO 1 00 oo d r* fr 376 488 76,864 3, 590 2, 798 8.680 a> us US us is it* • us l05 05dUST* C 1 00 us US t* Cn c 1 T* T* 00 t IrH050Tl>r ills ^ i H 00 d 7,902 9, 532 5. 982 O N i iO i® • co r» '»© ut ■w 4, 940 29,205 3,634 8.073 GO eo o d 2,731 605 2,676 3,705 4,081 4,310 600 2,330 113, 929 8,617 3, 399 102,013 South Dakota . Nebraska . Kansas . . . «' c fi 1 1 1 i ; jj ! P i ; ;C ©'O' ■lai QSf UlSLUUb U1 ^UlUHLiUltt - Virginia . West Virginia . North Carolina . South Carolina . Georgia . r loriua _ ist South Central.. . Kentucky . Tennessee . Alabama Mississippi . eat South Central . . C Z c 0 Texas . Arkansas . Oklahoma.-- 1 1 1 ; l s 3 a s p a E c 2 W yoming . Colorado . New Mexico.. . Arizona . . . Utah,, . 53 • H J s 5 Washington . Oregon . California . Includes 1,710 volumes not distributed. Includes 1,337 volumes not distributed. Includes 4,729 volumes not distributed. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRAR] ES 43 2 of co 1, 959 55, 877 5, 991 55, 911 57, 591 112, 783 24, 192 23, 950 11, 229 1 © -H p* 100, 202 69, 262 48, 229 29, 603 p* N © © 50, 993 405, 850 23, 014 82, 390 TP © Of 26, 275 12, 425 129, 605 12, 583 27, 753 32, 659 3,171 16.005 i CD ’ « * t#t Of 94, 672 40, 286 1,089,342 QO P* CD O © tP CO COHOOO^ GO tP © 05 r» H< hT 00 05 CO tP (NNOJtO © © co co of © ao © © 00 00 © © © rH P- © © rH TP ac © © o rH GO IO rH © 1© © rH rH © GO © ' 05 rH CO ' CO 1 © Oi * 1 © of 05 05 © © CO © 00 CO CO 00 © CO o oo 05 05 © p- co tp co p~ o COCO^fOOiOO © CO 05 © © of H 05 CO »o co p~ co co © © 00 CO 05 © tP © co" r-T Tp QO CO CO 05 CO © tP © © © 05 © © 05 © T-Tofrfrf o* © of ©Hrf H©HlO© 00 05 © 00 GO rH © © © rH CO © © cf r-T gcT ac © o © O © O CO 8 eo 05 © © oo © CO 00 CO o o O 00 O co 00 05 of co ©"p^©" i-T N co to co © © GO © © © to CO 05 of 00 of c D to CO rH rH © CO © 00 © © © © oo r- p* CO ^ ^ I of to oo « © © cf O ^ 05 © TP © 1© © 05 05 © 05 05 1 © © o © © co os i ^p tf to © rH © r-T i 00* © H rH l © © o* of r» © © rH O CO 05 Tp GO t>- of l> H © CD o © © OO-HWOiOOO Tf d ^ Cl O OCOCO^IO^ rH T-f cf © o © © CO © © rH O Tp CO 05 05 05 of of of © © © 05 © © tP 05 © 05 CO © 05 00 © I HO of I © CO COOOCOCO©t^©CO 05CC^P©Ot^©0 ^ CO © © © ©~ © r» © CD* -rh © © © 05 © © of rH of rp Tp CD OONXOiMiOOJW rfrf rfco *-T r-T 3 o GO GO P- 05 © to oo oo ’'P CO © 05 05%fofrH CO cd" © © tP P5 © © © oo t- © CO © of of r-T of © © O0©©©rH©rH© ^PO5tP©©©00© h^hxco©con rH CO Of rf o ao <^f co CO © © ^ © ^ of rH © CO S' 05^ NC5 rH O 05 © © co co 05 co 2 r-Tcf^GO co eo O5"ofoo C5 Cl CO CO r-f GO CO CO »H Tp TP CO pt CD ao N eo CJiOOlNOCOOCCJ ©©COO5O5t^COTP<05 CO Tp cf to p* CO 00 CO © CO © © rH CO © CO rH of OCf H ©©tp CO © N CO © © rf ^©N © ©© © cfof co ccf © © 05 00 CO CD* ; © ot Nhq0COtPtP©h rf N rp CO 05 05 © © ©cot^»©©co©co ofccfGcfco'rf'co'co© 05 rH 05 rH 05 CO rH © © II ao © 05 rH TP © © © oo © 5 05 05 © © Tp • oo ! of eo © © co 05 © COCldtONO Tp tP 00 05 05 o O to CO CO ccf GO Cfi © © © © © © 00 CO P- © CO r-T t— T H © co CO CO 05 © © © 00 © rH p- © © © of CO ■ tp" CO © CO © oorPtH-oo©!^©© G00000CX)rH©O5rH 05 © rH ^p Tp 05 rH III I ^ tp 05 © NCON © © © rT Of 05 • 1 1 1 10^0 1 1 lOCUO 1 1 1 CO rH l 1 1 I o © ©II© © I 1 to rH l 1 05 © cf 1 © 1 © i tP i 1 P- 1 i-H ! |o 1 1 © © © © of t • 05" QO w © 05 1 © i ° ! OtOddOO N CO O H to IO cknoci oo CO of of r-f Tp to to 05 tP 00 © H CO N IO © 05 © © r-T r-f of © p* © CO © © > © 05 © '05 © CO ICO Tjf cf 1 co i 1 CO © © • i 2 * N i i II 1 II © r» co © P-00 © 8SS of of of oo 1 GO © ! o 1 p- i p- i iO CO to 05 00 O to 0*05 05 to 00 O CO to to O 00 05 of of co i-T r-T T-f H (M GO © © CD* eo rH © 05 00 co co tp © r-i P- © 05 of of 00 co CO © h*t w S5S is © © 1 rH Of 1 05 i i i CO © © cfiT N © H © CO 05 1 ! 00©hC5hO i . co ^P © © © © 1 1 © C5" -4 CO ONOO-^iOCO^^ OXO-HX»O^Ot- WOCOCNOOHCO^ coscfP'fcoofr-frCcs" rH CKNCKNH © © © © -Tp © tP © tP P- © 00 © © rn'co CO © 00 Tp 05 05 © © GO CD TP © xp © © © © © © CO 05 tP ©"ocf 00 00 rH © rH © CO © of CO d ©05©©t^rH©0 ©©©05©C0t^rp CO 05 !>■ N^*N© 00 Of of Tff G^f irf go” cf CO* 05 05 05 05 rH 1 ^ Of 05 © 00 © 00 CO © CO rH $ S 05 co South Atlantic _ _ Delaware... . . Maryland . . District of Columbia . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lilt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ill'll 1 1 1 1 1 1 lll-l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 iiiiii i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 till till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I till , till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i i ^3 i i i i 54 i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1,1,1* F 1 1 1 I fc, till I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i C3 rrt 1 1 till -W 1111 1 *•111*11 1 d *H ■ 1 III. fm till 1 iIiiiiii i.2.sy i 1 s 11*1 iiii i * . . iri^*J3 i i ej » i ' i iiii i i • , O i * * i 1 .S O o ' 1 r A .1*^ LJ '*11 • 1 ' , O 1 1 1 1 i tij *2 j-i i 1 W o •— < J 1 i cfi i wi i*ri 1 1 1 1 .s-goSJJ g llg* £ 1 Hi c; III |J i«! i slim & |13| - ills 1 2 « © H St S * iii i iii : : : i : a : : ; 2 i .S3 2 ! c o m bt'. 3 « « STS S ^OQ V a Om 77906°— 38 - 4 3 38 3 3 0'S .0 3 44 m W J PQ <1 s CD H (Z) Table 8— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES AND BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS, ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SCHOOL, 1934-35 Total number fccf of schools £ served by g either ^ central- 2} ized libra- £ ries or u classroom collec- w tions <3 W r ey i o M OF 09 O 09 CO EDUCATIO 00 Cl 00 Cl OQ iO 1 HONHC1CO ^hNOCOCO ^C^coioofco I »N, 1 CO ( L 9 3 4—3 ■*o ^ co *0 1C CO CO CO [6 si: U9 1 c3 CO S 1 N O* Total num¬ ber of schools o* TOT ‘99 ©ONMtOO rH S? CO CO S? Sh io of co to jg ■ IONOOO »0C0 03N H* rH co •o GO Si ^ s § 1 Number of schools served by class¬ room collections only Total or 33,467 tONCOtONO) JOfOCONrHOl 1Q05NM00O of f-TcCojcq rr^£M Cl c© C9 15 3 131 as 1 j i High * ® O rHlON^NCO (NH(N(NNM T-l 00 i 40 J w U3 1 l r Ele¬ men¬ tary CO r- S n 2, 534 917 1, 736 2,252 22,935 1,993 Ih 2 (N w -1 rH Total GO e* OCOiOCO^tN 03 Cl CO CO Cl Cl CO Cl Cl Cl 1-t COCO IH 1 1 r» CO rH rH U9 Elementary and junior high Served *0 00 ©Cl 03 - 03 co 111 Ol 03 ro c© eo Total 54,015 4, 140 1,894 2,821 3, 477 38, 014 3 OCO CO rH ^ co co ^ CO rH C© 00 lO rH 0 lO CO 05 d f-H a© r 0* O w J — 1 00 >0 05 Cg 05 CO ©- co CO 05 »-H Tt< CO G© ••no. S o o o 3 ri s— . *— i o §0000 M a n n n n+» •a 3 o s 3 S iOOOOO . . n n n n-a o3333g a o o o o 3 gOOOOO o £> i : : : B ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - «hhhw« O 1 ** M *3 £ i 3 ! ' "o 1 ; 6~ 5 n a n n*» r - nn*f 0 a S 3 3 3 3 9 2 3 3 £ 0 3 0 O 0 O 0 3 g 2 2 § « 2 §00000 a |C300 50 C/5 See footnotes at end of table. Table 8.— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES AND BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS, ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SCHOOL, 1934-35— Continued Total number of schools served by either td central- jh ized libra- ® ries or classroom fej collec- £ tions p SURA O O* TEY OF CM || CM EDUCAT CDOOON^ CM IO o CO CM 103 tO O* CO ST, 193 CM lO CO CM rj< 00 4-; s 3 6 CO CM CO N O CM O CC to *— < CM *— 1 CO CO co CM O O CM Total num¬ ber of schools os 124 OOOHHN CO TP CO 461 CM CM CO CM tO 00 157 | 26 204 3 174 369 1,627 Number of schools served by class¬ room collections only Total or » | oo Tt< h CM CO CO 30 co o co CM CO CM CO 100 99 177 1, 043 1,419 High r* HNOS 1 1 ^ CO 1 ' >-H 00 o C5 Ele¬ men¬ tary CD 1 CO^H ION r-H CM CM 169 co co co 1-H CO to to • O 00 C5 CO ' O 05 CO CO I rH rH O 1,400 Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries Elementary and all high Served IQ 1 CO tO 1 CM CM rH 1 • CM ^ N Total 1 HOOOH rH CO H ® CO rH to CO rH l l CM t'- O Senior or reg¬ ular high Served co CO co — < co CM CM O • i CM CM H O rH H rH CM 00 00 195 | Total CO COr-iHtstO 30 CM CM rH j CO 2 11 20 83 88 o Junior-senior high Served - o C1COHH N j CM CM •HHCOTj< 1 OS Total o o Tf CO *H l—i OS ! CM CM • H CM CO o CM Junior high only Served os CM 1 1 l CM CM j CM CO CM CO CO 30 Total 30 CM 1 CM r-H 1 1 1 co CM tO • r* CM CO CO CM CO rH rH CM SI Elementary and junior high Served r* CO 'COO^ ' Cl N O* CM • i CM I CO CO »— 1 Tt< CO 03 o c o ■ ^ CM ^ O CM i CM 1 CO 05 05 Tfl to i Elementary Served •O 23 co ■ o co i • CM 12 11 43 CO CO rH T* N tO CO CM CO CM CO CO CO s Total - 102 tO CO — • CM O rH Cl CO CO (N CM CO 00 CO co H CON CM rH CO 05 O rH CM CO CM Tt« H rH rH CM »C CO o ct Systems Re¬ ports used " tO OHCONOSiO 1 45 CM CM ^ 30 rH N N CO CO rH CO CO rH 204 Total a u jj.S eM I 67 HHOlON^ CO H r» O i CM CM 05 ^ rH CO CM CM 05 CO CM CM CO CO © GC C5 Population group by State - Florida: County units _ Georgia: Group I _ ,o 3 o Ui o Group III. . . Group IV... . . Counties . . . . County units . Total _ Idaho: Group III _ Group IV..- . .. Counties _ _ Total _ Illinois: Group I . . . Group II . . ... Group III... _ _ Group IV . . . Counties . . . Total _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 47 NNOOOh 00 CM 00 CO CM * co 9S4 113 90 151 1,029 1, 383 Tf< 00 OOO CM a 1,444 CO CO CM 05 CO T#- t^-COO^CO e© CO oo CO 05 CM c© r- co CO In CO to o r- 00 to CM o occo^r^o 1,239 j 113 91 163 1,029 1,396 00 05 S CO 5 co co co 00 CO 00 ^ ^ co cm co rH CM s? N- 05 CO o CO 403 C5 CO ^ NCg c© , 1 II N- tN CO »0 05N CO CM r» t© CM — < CO rf< CO CO 05 05 CO 910 CO CM NOW CM N- CM in 845 HCMtONCON ° ^ 00 S or co o CM IN o to CM oo to to to Tt« o H TJ4 CO CM 00 N 'HHCO GO CM i | to 00 CO CM rH l IH W • 1 1 I l I I »o co 00 1 - 1 to 1 CO to CO 1 42 co co co 10 05 JO •H t© CM o CM 00 CO CO 00 tg CM 30 00 CO CM N- to CM CO O In CM CM ; OO O CM to CO CO ^ 05 1,033 05 CO CM r* CM 58 57 410 to eM to • o ; 05 «5 • • co o i i CO H* 1 rH to • CM CO CM i 1 -h CM N »0 • i i-i CO i i i i IS O o ! co i co co • CM ss i i » • co i i > i CO CO pa 05 CM I 1 rH CM 05 to II r-H CO 1 1 r- ‘© CO CO • co M ®«onw «© in oo 05 to 8 18 37 co 5 1 5 13 22 1 r- h* CO CM to ao »o »o oo ^ ! CM , 1 s t© CO NOOOC5 s Tt. 8 20 52 oc J lOrHlO^COrH rH CM os to CO to QC CO to 00 to CO 5 CM CO to In -4 CO r- »© to co »o o CM CO CM COOH r-H CM co [ co r nhn»§ i CO i co o CO CM CO »ON f-H CO r» »© to CO co o CM 3 CM COOH rH CM *1 2 1 2 20 20 to CO CM 00 i iC iO iO i »© CM CO CM CM C5 CM 05 11 11 1 O0 CM CO rH r-H I 1 to rH CO •* ■ in cooo • • i i i CM CM iO O CM 05 CO 05 rH to 1 to 1 CO 1 | OSNCONh ! N rH CO N TJ4 IO *0 ^ t© CM ^ ^ rH r» 1 rH CM CM “s | i i i co to co - e* rH CM CO tN rf< to 05 co oo CO hhOOh h CM O M 1 1 ! ! ! eo ” CO ^8 H* o# 1 i— < CM 00 *0 *— < r» t© CO tT CO CM —■ i CO CM o CO co •<* 05 CO to CO CM CM CO 1 ' O co to to 00 1 rH HN-f to CM to CO t© CO Tf< rr. GO 1 05 00 00 05 *h to ^ 00 o CM —• rH »0 to §s 00 ^ CM rH 00 C5 05 1,195 CO 00 66 90 1,030 ©5 co CM 1 O CM IN CM 00 to CO »—i CM CO CO to H*< to CO CM oo to r. CM rt< to I- 00 -h to 1 co 5 4 13 44 25 ©5 O co O 05 05 rH CO CO CM o O CO 05 rH CO »H H< CO 1 1 5 31 26 1 »o CO HOC j r- 1 O tO Tt4 CM r-H CO to IO 00 ' CM CM CO 05 r» 00 1 7 15 60 99 ot X CM ^ CM to »-t o sl 1 CO H* | H CM ^ CO co CM 00 CO In eo III . . . . IV . es - - I _ II.... . III _ _ _ IV . ss _ _ 1 _ _ III _ IV . . ;s . . 1 . . . I _ II _ III . . . IV . . . ss . units _ l _ I _ 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' M i '3 1 j 3 hJ ' • i > tn -2 ao,Q n-3 5 ^aaaa* §££££- H £ £ £ £ § H » £ *00000 *00000 ®o "2 ^ * s £ & 3 3 C ^3333^2 o 3 a ® M 0003 (5 o O O O O 3 3 £1 3 o O 3 €L ..0003 £ _ J *»H «- O P* - c fc- c O O f Sl-l-o f o^fcl-O ooooo 3-^ — - - - - — OOOOOO .2000 50000 3 3 See footnotes at end of table. Table 8.— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES AND BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS, ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SCHOOL, 1934-35— Continued 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total number of schools served by either central¬ ized libra¬ ries or classroom collec¬ tions ■M ® 90 407 497 II O CO CM 00 CO | 25SS2 899 05 00 00 ^ CM rH CM CO ee eo cT 160 * 60 108 3, 101 sn CO Total num¬ ber of schools ©5 158 414 §1 ! I m «o oo e§ S ~ in im 1 II Z- 267 * 125 128 226 1. 647 Is CO 229 *76 118 3, 060 CO GO 1 ^ Number of schools served by class¬ room collections only Total CO 18 334 s CO 05 O to 05 o 000^0 0 673 NOTH05N io r» r* CO *C5 CM ^ 05 ^ Tf« 05 00 ® o* High o» 05 05 CO co co eo i l i iMCO j f go " 1 4 28 CO CO Ele¬ men¬ tary CO 00 *o CO co co co 05 t^CM ^ 00 05 ^ 636 O ^ ©5 93 14 38 1,863 800 ‘t. Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries Elementary j and all high Served »o CM CM w w : : 18 102 |s j CM rH CM CO 1 r—4 CO ! - GO Total OO CM ao N ! ! :2 CO i • i — 1 i 'CIO | ii rH CM ^ 05 r-l t'- 5© ©5 Senior or reg¬ ular high Served s S3 N»OCIOON H CM H ©5 CO §®s?i : o> 1 C© CO CO 03 ^ GO CO Total w 00 co CO f^COCOhjOO ©5 j c© OtONif GO CO Junior-senior high Served • — I CO I i c© H CM to ©5 Total a rH 1 4 4 11 ® w i b- CM i L 46 HNM« 1 ©5 Junior high only Served ©> oo co W »o CM eo O O 00 CO ! CM H 1 : 1 o IO ^ *-H o* Total GO 27 3 ® co CO ^CM 00 CO CM «-H CO 1 N O 05 CO » CM »-H -H 1 ©a 05 *0 o> CO Elementary and junior high Served i • i i -H CO CO I r* 050NS s ^ eo CO Total CO CO Systems Re¬ ports used co rH 05 O CO»ON(NO rH CM CO IO 107 104 CO 05 00 co CO CO c© GO Total num¬ ber w -8 05 05 CO cm ^ ^ «5 05 CO CO CO O CO rH CM 00 ©5 3 11 58 87 ©5 »o Population group by State - Maryland: Groun I . . . County units . Total . . Massachusetts: Group I . . Group II . Group III . Group IV... . Counties * . Total _ Michigan: Group I _ _ ... Group II . Group III . Group IV . Counties . . Total. _ _ Minnesota: Group I . . Group III . Group IV . Counties . Total... _ _ 26 • 28 46 281 380 7 12 55 67 124 1,395 S§ I CD r* PU BLIC- O CO CO rH 05 SC] O 1 GO C5 300L LIB 05 O CO CM 00 »Q CO ^ ©O CO HA CM 05 GO RIES 1 °°2 CM I ;3g£oo 385 COCO TT JO co 469 OiO*hNiO lOl^COg 0© h* ©rH CO CO o © kO CJ ® O H IOCO Hji co CO ^ CO o 903 oo^r $ snzg CO 448 cooor^og Oi e cm OMOCJ CM ^ ^ O o CO 20 14 569 eo M>QIOOOO § w 760 kO QO CO r-H 00 05 CO ’H“9 Sm s CO 91 I Z ee • • *-h rH - • • CO i i 37 CM ! CO GO CM CM 1 98 I I SB r-H CO CO O kO 5 i i . i ^ • i i i 3 | CM •00 • t^» s i'm(NCC i i OiQNNN 3 r-H CO cc II iDrtioono s 1 J MUJrHN CD | ' CO CO CO C5 HiQNN© rH r-H kO 96 | 2 4 22 * “’"~sc GO eo rH CM CO j CO CO CO CO si II 4 3 4 10 <5 3 17 8 GO CM • r-H CO 1 1 1 CM CM : CM i 00 i • ® ^ CO ^ o cm | 1 CO CO 1 a kO CM CO CM 1 CM rH rH 1 SD I j O CO CO QO | CO CM 1 i I i 11 1 CO CM r-H CO || i— 1 CO ! 1 H* HHOH cc j coco»o - 1 1 j CO CM j 1 ^ »o CO CM CM CM r-H CO 1 CD 1 CM CM ! i i j 1 GON 1 1 ** j I r-H CM • "I » CM i CM 1 1 1 — i IN CO CO cc I | i i i i o r>. i i i i W j ! CM CM 1 *-* r-H 05 Cl r-H 1 CO OMOO CO 3 j CM CM lO CM CO ^ O 706 j ooog ^ CM oil CM to 00 1 3 ; CO CD CM CM CM 1 r-H CO MOOCO CM CM CM iO CM kO N CO 136 42 52 91 1,264 1,585 05 r-H CM CM C5 fcO r-H lO CM 05 cm co ^ cc »o CM r» kO t>- CM CM C5 kQ rf CO kO C5 CM 390 CS iO CC G© CO HMOSCO^H CO CM SO 1 CO 1 O CO QO O CM J- | rt.-MOMN w CO kO CM 00 CO kO a© o* MH©N ^ MOO N j CM M JO lO 186 rH lOMOO r-H »0 CD r-H r-H CO CO CO CM 05 ©• CM kO CM 00 00 O G© kO ississippi: Group II . . . Group III . Group IV . Counties . Total _ 3 \ gC ^ HHOlNiO 1,304 19 36 467 C* O' us C^COIOMO co oo 'rr O0 H CS 00 of 4, 381 Total num¬ ber of schools ot XtOMiOlO HHININiO 1,371 os t>- rH CO GO us CO lOcoooiH lOXiON^ XrH(NCI05 of r* oo Number of schools served by class¬ room collections only Total ao OSMNtDN CO 00 r-H CO T* rH H H CO O' ao CO CO 00 CO CO 509 81 132 120 1,048 ® 05 ao ** X3 .£? r- HCONN ! ao US i <5 - r- co OJ Tt< CO 05 00 "3 o H (N lO lO ao co ! T”H WTtCOO r-i rfi CJ ao Junior high only Served 05 N»0 05^ 1 1 »o o* J COCO-H »o co o CO H NOIrH US Total QO ! 1 ao Cl CO rf< 05 lONCONfH NCItH CO o* Elementary and junior high Served | co co co co ci Tf lO co 05 CO CO i»OM i CO o* Total co CO US | 4 44 oo CO i^O l lO ® Elementary Served us 05 05 * 0 CO CO coiocoh s 1 00 00 ^ US ® 173 52 64 47 1, 544 1,880 Total - CO CO 00 £388° 3 • —4 to n io ! r* 27 24 8 9 $ co £ ^ CO sags1- j? CO 1 CO co ! to i to 00 to CO 05 05 5 ! tH ! CO U9 rt00,°2g £ CO • ^ ** f 1 to to gj'°002g s i i CO —100 » || Senior or reg¬ ular high Served co CO H CO H <30 'CH»M 1 eo ms ms 2 | Total o* CO 1-H CO 1-H <30 ^ ^COCO i CO ‘O CO MS | Junior-senior high Served a 1 1—i i-H ** cs 2 11 1 1 I-H f— t 1 1 1 i Of II Total o l ICOHH 1 »o (M 2 11 2 II H H CO | Junior high only Served oa 00 (M rH »o I 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • l WCIH ms 1 Total <30 00 ^ H e* 1 1 . 1 1 1 » ”|| a e || Elementary and junior high Served . . rH 1 1 w 1 1 1 1 p> || Total CD I l iO • 1 1 1 11 1 67 GO II CD || Elementary Served co oa i ■ rti 1 1 • ^*^22 165 >0 00 Tt< oa Total ^ ^ ^ coca CO to CO 21 16 2,448 2,485 Systems Re¬ ports used co HrHlO^CO r- Nhmo> 68 6 f 0 9Z >0 1 1 Total num¬ ber w hcoo* 00 CO CO 1 - HOO CM CM 217 CO ac co CO to ^ ^ <0 CM CM ^ CM I r* ] CM 1 1 22 4 r* CM | ! !e* C5 CO ! CM ^ 1 1 1 • 1 1 « 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 O ■ 1 r- < 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 • 1 1 • r* CM to CO 00 rHCDOJ -rr 578 | 154 46 41 84 1, 099 ct CM to t^oo r* to 21 18 172 CM cm 2 2 10 22 r» co to ^ coco O CM CM * i 11 r-lfOrH rH CO j es co 00 0 CO CM 1 CO • 1 CO i irtiOCC 1 1 OG 1 1 1 • s I i : i” CO oi CO ' CM CO 00 t-h . co «* CO » 1 CO ! 1 H to CM 1 1 05 1 1 <30 05 1 1 > 1 1 1 » 1 1 co 1 1 1 1 iiii 1111 5 1! 11 Nhiou;o eo 19 11 13 81 44 C30 r - co CM CM CO j r» to CO to CO T-i 1 r* to J iQWOCOg to J 2 1 15 53 16 r* ac OJ»HCO«00 »o ao 00 co »o 05 to co to ^ r; $ 1 l0c,002e§ r* to -h CM CM i »o I 00 IHCOH 1 CO CM »-H t>- 05 5 •HpHIO r* 1 1 1 rH CM CO • l • cd 1 I ! CM to CO 1 1 1 1 0 1 »—< CM CO ! CD 00 looeO'*' | 1 CO MOJO O O/ 1 *— < CM cO 1 05 1 rH CM CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 — | ! ! CM to CO i i 2 n CM »OCON^ 1 CM i-* *-< • at to CM CO CM , 1 r» 1 rH 1 1 1 i-s too 1 1 «s | j CSCSt^tCMN I 2 Jj ^ r-tlOCOIN lO CM tO CO 00 tO CO CM 1-1 i-H CO at CM 0 e* M C* 00 ® CM 1 00 CM t>» CM CO II CM 1 1 »-H !hN CM • cm 1 i CM CO 1 CM CO ^ • *C 1 CO 10 11 CM p i is ® 1 CM 1 * 1 1 I r-H CM CO 1 1 * • 1 1 ' O (j II CM 1 i " 1 : O CO CO ! CM ^ CO . CM i 1 .36 00 r^co I "-”8 | 1 CD tO MCOOCM 1 CO CD ^ j ^ 1 r* 0 a ©5 co cm »-h r>- CO CM S | CM to 00 CM 00 r-» CM CO O 185 33 18 61 1,234 226 0* tO 233 91 81 245 958 1,608 ccoog ** e CM 'HlOOS CM CM CO CM to CM 00 to CO 05 0 CM CM r-» 0 §1 05 0 CMCO to O CM to to tO CM » Jj HNHOO^ CM CM § ^223§ <30 r» OOHHCOOl r* CM COCO ~ O CM CM CM to 00 00 CM 15 J CM CM O— 1 ^ | t^CMh CD | r-. OOt^ CO 00 CO 00^05^ CM ~~~N82 to r» CO 2 4 8 11 100 B| CO CM O CO 00 r-H CM CO 1 CD H II •2* « 0,0.0. a'-s £ aaao. =«>i§ .2 ►» « .. c. o.*i ft ft ft 0.1 ^ ft ft ft o.'- 233325 C 33335 © 3333°° s 533B 0 3 3333° O "S. 3 3 3 3 ° O SppoPP m © o o © 3 c— 000033 a o o 3 ^.2oooo3 ^ C © © © © 3 L_. ®±?Jb±?°° " • . *«, u. u u o ^ . . t* t* m u o o ^ 1- o r ‘g u 1, h u o n .5 S 2 u ti o ^ gOOOOO §00000 flOOOOOQ 5000 -Sooooo ■900000 See footnotes at end of table. Table 8— NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES AND BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS, ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SCHOOL, 1934-35— Continued 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Total number of schools served by either central¬ ized libra¬ ries or classroom collec¬ tions © O* 2,447 94 87 162 4,117 4,460 os co co as 2,614 CO ^ C GO SO 4, 480 Oh CO SO ct Number of schools served by class¬ room collections only Total ao 1,262 47 19 67 2, 041 7 11 202 © c* o> High CO t~ i 0© SO : i'9' 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary CO 1,259 coj^co ^ r-, CO GO 1 os 2,106 7 11 198 ZD Of Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries Elementary and all high Served •a OS > 1 i i co os 1 1 SO Of r, !" 1 Total os 1 i ,t-rH 1* 1 Senior or reg¬ ular high Served s s GO N CO O I O* tO $ H H |- o3 c e< 52 00 00 SO N 1- 1 Junior-senior high Served - O to to CO o 33 t CO 1 1 i i 1 ~ Total 2 o Tt< to to CO o i CO CO 1 1 CO i i i i Junior high only Served as 2 N0 05 ! c* 1 H H . Of Total GO 7 10 11 oc 1 S'* 1 1 1 1 i 1 : Elementary and junior high Served 89 I 8 H * 26, 796 2, 337 1,393 5, 353 2, 236 a s’ Junior high only Served r- 909,230 500, 067 195, 156 127, 367 60, 855 11,718 14,067 11 jg 30 e? 1, 551 180 175 1 1,523 3, 206 1,712 1,010 7,451 fills US £ 1 rf Total 971,090 515,514 201, 232 142, 972 78, 531 17, 349 15, 492 Is j§ 1 s w 1, 551 180 175 l*l 1,523 3, 206 2,211 1,010 7, 950 66, 566 18, 850 7, 976 1,816 914 s’ Elementary and junior high 5 > . 05 05 SO 05 US ^ iO us so tC so coco 24,311 5, 381 850 1,964 3, 193 2, 244 300 U as eo 3,200 5, 257 us C*f 3,289 25, 382 24, 585 35, 004 14, 167 of ® 32, 147 7,251 9, 480 12, 127 1,192 05 of CD OSORIO OOOC5N ^ SO C5 oo t>r© »-h* 28,855 7, 491 6, 564 7,119 4. 734 25,908 5,381 850 1,964 3,414 2, 494 300 eo ® 1 • 05 1 05 1, 133 1,581 884 1,420 810 ‘S US 'OOH 05 ' CO lO CO IHIOSO us ■ co t>Tio CM CM 5, 582 3,111 2, 561 4, 388 N CD ef 2.100 2,778 6, 764 2,252 13,894 COONrf N i NOC5CMSO • 00 US so so SO ' Tff NCC 1 1 17,361 611 119 1, 133 2,020 884 1, 420 us US locOH 05 1 Tf CO lO CO 1 rH lO SO us ' cfrCus CM CM 5,582 3,111 3,059 4, 388 16,140 2, 100 2,778 6,764 2, 252 13,894 4, 873 500 697 7,968 3,667 17,705 1,300 1,300 1, 882 802 o ! cm* ao eo 1, 576 1, 576 12,029 12,029 6, 534 5, 517 4, 709 4, 038 575 575 »© CO CO cm CO C* »o cm 3, 714 2, 446 3. 430 2, 884 2, 605 1, 942 CM r~ CM rf 05 r* 05 8, 511 8, 511 2. 457 1, 934 3, 988 2, 432 582 582 I c* GO eo US •cf 8, 620 8, 620 6, 902 6, 902 4, 161 3, 328 us GO Gcf eo CD 05 8, 640 8, 243 1, 300 1, 300 1, 351 1, 351 256 120 60 60 11,607 11,074 008 800 6,340 1, 947 4, 753 952 05 CO 6, 723 1,925 2, 375 2, 101 533 13,657 749 700 1,402 60 2,911 | • • 05 US 1 US rf US ' CM 05 ^ ; i i 1,661 1 177 975 2, 100 CM CM 008 SOO 6, 340 3,371 6, 525 952 17,188 6, 723 1,925 2, 375 2, 881 1,430 eo eo 749 700 2,439 60 GO 05 eo • 05 t"- SO i us ^ 05 i CM 05 05 CM ® CM cf 1, 177 1,125 2, 100 CM ® 4, 500 2,648 730 7,878 ^ cm oo »— ■ oo | 10 00 05 10 00 SO CO iO 00 05 of oo' OO so" CO cm h cm CO of 05 7,590 4, 182 3,114 4, 893 9, 266 us o of CM 9, 360 4, 741 1, 845 6, 064 010 O SO CM o so o co Tf 00 O rH r-fi-TsO |C CM ® ■*< § 4, 650 1,729 5, 596 6,112 6, 850 eo 05 6,400 9,080 2, 142 W CD S 9, 657 61, 803 36, 770 58, 681 59, 914 »o s «o cm cm 87,718 17,122 24, 995 27, 304 41, 438 198, 577 30, 269 21, 736 19. 098 17, 259 88,362 20, 700 18. 684 20, 795 19, 615 79,794 27, 443 5, 650 8, 857 21, 427 58, 010 7,200 3 erf CM c c Jc Group IV . Counties . . Total _ _ nois: Group I . Group II - . Group III.. . . Group IV . Counties . . Total _ _ _ liana: Group I . Group II . . Group III . Group IV . Counties _ _ Total . . . ra: Group II. . Group III . Group IV . Counties . . . Total . . nsas: Group I . Group III . Group IV . . . Counties . . Total. . . . o c Group II . Group III . . . . Group IV_ . Counties . County units . Total . See footnotes at end of table. Table 9.— TOTAL ENROLLMENTS AND ENROLLMENTS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total enroll- ~ served kO 9, 751 26, 863 © 5, 175 7,700 11, 343 GO w sf 75, 664 24, 842 100, 50 18, 967 61, 252 35. 764 17, 581 5, 838 CM © CO 224, 699 >° 61, 034 38, 905 46, 079 77, 536 CO kD CM GO* ««* Total enroll¬ ment 76, 754 62, 033 138,787 15, 710 17, 173 29, 328 cm CD 119, 070 57, 836 176,906 67, 639 124, 996 81. 826 44, 893 25, 130 / CO 269, 872 io 78, 298 55, 171 74, 136 81, 895 CM O- CO ©* ko kO o Elementary and all high Served co CO OO 05 CM eo QO © cm* ;§ © CM CM 05 CM CM 05 » i i CM i i i CM* i i CM CO 1 • o kO . 1 © 1 1 CO 1 1 1— ( CO 1 1 GO kO © ko Total iO GO 17,845 | l 1 Tt< • o 1 L'- 704 CO QO CM* CO r r» o* i i i 1 1 1 1 • 1 05 i I I CO* i i i 3,934 1 1 1 ION 1 1 05 CO i i oo co i i co co • I rH CO 1 1 r» CM kO CO kO Senior or regular high Served 9, 552 5, 690 CM CM kO 4, 379 2, 782 3,206 CD eo e" 13, 929 7, 228 21, 157 r-H t'- CO O H N 00 CM IO rH 05 tJ8 00 05 CM oo tjT* tC tC t-T HCMH 65,445 lO OO 05 CO • LQ ^ CO CO 1 kO 05 00 « 05 oo oT i 84, 108 Total © 16, 781 6,796 »D eo w 4, 379 2, 782 3, 831 cm 05 05 © 14, 669 8, 062 S Of 13, 971 24, 554 18, 276 11, 156 2, 950 70,907 49, 755 15, 518 8, 969 10, 892 CO *o 00 Junior-senior high Served © i i oo co CM CO CO CM CD k O* i kO 00 kO L- 00 co CO co tjTcm r-T kO CD CM* 7, 560 9, 461 4, 058 21,079 Total OO t2 ko r* O CM OO O CM t*< co co w eo ccT 05 rc kO 05 CO kD 3,795 4. 888 2, 617 2, 401 13,701 7,560 9, 461 4, 058 21,079 Junior high only Served - i H CO kD C5 L- CO 05 CM 1^ TJ8 r-T CM CM o CM CM OOJCCOH 05 05 CO CO kO OJOCOri CM CO CM CM 32,909 ‘ 44,287 12, 785 4, 918 1, 451 63,441 Total • i i 05 oo ko CO ^ co GO 24, 389 2, 423 CM GO CD* CM 7, 575 22, 099 6, 934 3,311 343 CM CD CM © O*C00h i O 00 00 CO i 05 CO i TjTcM Tt^co 1 ^ rH l 1 65,804 Elementary and junior high Served M5 iO oo kO GO ^ lO 939 i i 520 1,346 1,250 CD co 6. 583 3, 385 3, 184 981 CO CO Total - CO CO 1 e 05 2,116 3, 803 2, 008 3, 735 1,124 CD jr CM* 6. 954 3, 385 4, 771 1, 012 CM CD Elementary Served eo 199 8, 105 8,304 796 830 4, 146 CM r» ID 39, 938 6, 069 46,007 10,351 8,074 3,631 1,120 CD co CM 130,657 25,735 14, 073 8,015 36, 441 CM © CM Total w 59, 973 36, 294 CM CO* 05 11, 331 10, 303 19, 589 CO CM CM 80, 012 33, 232 cm £ 43, 977 70, 745 49, 720 24, 074 14, 378 05 CM* © 175, 417 42, 628 30, 269 28, 791 40, 188 CO © Of r~* eo Population group by State - Louisiana: GrouD I _ _ _ County unit 9 _ . _ Total _ Maine: Group III _ Group IV _ _ Counties i _ _ Total _ Maryland: Group I.. . ... . County units _ Total _ Massachusetts: Groun I.. _ Group II _ Group III _ Group IV _ Counties * _ _ . _ . Total _ Michigan: Group I _ _ _ Group II _ _ Group III. _ _ Group IV . . . Counties . . Total.. _ _ PUBLIC- SCHOOL LIBRARIES 59 72, 440 1* 22, 434 31.470 51, 089 1 g 3 9,904 5,090 7, 871 27,915 I -r 12 19,100 17, 127 14,908 24, 758 39,450 1 3 523 tCo„- s£ ss 23, 127 14, 590 8, 589 8, 024 6,204 1 s SI rH s 1SE 1 1111 ! NCNH j 1 1 1 O o tf i 1-4 1 §811 3 i §8S§ --OOCCO i s IISsl S32S3 2 £ S2| CCW i n SSIII »«V»H 1 s si j j S j. a. a a- 5 - c iOOOQ -gC 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t!J j - i.a-2 5 u c ill e n iOO Jc £ j Js hQC ill iOC i i i i | i id j J E i, n'-S J2 c ill ? |l >co |c © £ i ! UD, II >o ; S J H 77906 c — 38 - 5 See footnotes at end of table. Table 9.— TOTAL ENROLLMENTS AND ENROLLMENTS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total enroll¬ ment served »0 5, 728 7,711 785 2,628 N to GC CO 61, 263 63, 277 60, 759 56, 851 55, 520 O r» cs 35 3* 9, 656 8, 728 11, 974 GO CO o CO 616, 679 79, 178 71, 616 84, 350 151, 712 1,003,535 Total enroll¬ ment 13, 612 18, 343 3,037 15, 041 CO M O o o-^inooh CTjNCOO^O 05 ^ Tf oo co tC io csf O O ^ 620,785 | 11, 712 . 14, 891 28, 559 3? <0 to »o 1, 267, 303 122, 836 117, 240 125, 434 184, 243 1,817,056 Elementary and all high Served CO l l 1 O 1-4 i i i ;a 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 05 CO 31 •0 1 1 1 O 05 • I t o CO • 1 ' GO GO i i 1 0 CO 1 • ' i 05 CO 1 to o o' 1 r* g* w • ^ • 00 GO 2,924 15, 208 28, 051 7, 184 53,367 Total GO 1, 965 300 1, 292 r* *3 »0 CO 00 ! 05 / eo 840, 750 64, 748 69, 194 55, 160 79, 763 1,109,615 Population group by State - New Hampshire: Ornnn TT Group III . . Ornnn TV ; c Total . . New Jersey: Group I . Group II . . . Group III . . Group IV. . . . Counties - - Total _ _ New Mexico: Grade Til Grade IV . . . Counties . . . . Total . . . . New York: Group I . . . Group II . . . Group III . . . Group IV _ _ _ Counties 4 . Total _ _ _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 61 50. 559 27, 519 32, 573 240, 746 351,397 3, 101 5,152 29, 219 CM CO 205, 518 59, 942 53, 389 49, 352 141, 556 ns r* os 0 ns 22, 511 20, 194 34, 899 44, 400 O O CM 8. 977 15, 697 28, 480 nS CC » 215, 312 89, 717 111,027 133, 714 171,919 i CM 63, 712 34, 946 43, 104 508, 704 650, 466 5, 351 7,833 55, 452 68,636 418, 120 95, 882 86, 762 87, 647 192, 518 880,929 34, 978 29. 949 49, 684 67. 552 182, 163 9, 508 19,633 44, 031 CM cc r» n 246, 757 146, 607 219, 911 232, 471 297, 043 os X CM 00 CO O CM cc^ eot^ CM GO * co* | CO* g* cc s iisssa r-i lOi^H i-T 1 i-Too cm • 05 : 103,680 I 1 1 • • • 00 II ICC 1 • 1 CM i 1 1 00 1 1 l i-H 18,238 •CM • GO jo CM ao O • CO 1 1 - 1 *0 1 00 CM I CC 1 cc ^ 1 itjToO 1 1 H CM co cc 397 478 6, 461 508, 704 516,040 05 00 18,794 05 ■ rf CO CM CO UOCO-^ 1-1 ■ 05 ^ CM ih 1 i-Too »o 1 0 1 i-4 116,798 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 t>- 1 1 1 cm" 1 • 1 CM 1 1 1 ao r r* CM CM •00 • 0 10,821 • co 1 CM 110 1 00 CC ice 1 00 t 1 O O • 1 CM CC 51, 973 11, 151 7, 718 4, 906 r» cc CM 673 2,188 868 os CM r» CO 66,023 16, 557 13, 874 11, 610 10, 086 118,150 5, 529 3, 754 6, 888 732 16, 903 2, 664 5, 769 4,917 13, 350 60, 9S3 23, 035 46, 992 33, 775 26, 326 191,111 11, 151 7,718 4, 906 no o- r- ec CM 1, 323 2, 188 2,972 6,483 69, 316 16, 557 14, 838 13, 108 10, 319 GO cc N 5, 529 3, 754 7, 188 732 17, 203 2, 664 5, 769 8,070 16,503 68, 359 24, 652 46, 992 34, 880 34, 273 8 crT O CM 2, 232 771 5, 059 8, 062 I 394 41,081 4, 614 10, 535 14, 801 4,867 75,898 329 4,397 7, 998 0, 749 19,473 1 0 1 00 1 i O QO 24, 012 8, 779 21, 765 47, 567 16, 416 n ns 00 2,232 771 5,059 CM CO O GO 3 co 394 41, 700 4,614 10, 535 14, 801 4, 867 76,517 329 5,197 7, 998 6, 749 CM O CM 1 ^ 1 0 1 00 1 <0 QO 24, 012 8, 779 21, 765 47, 808 17, 675 120,039 O 1 o 1 o i CO ^ 1 1 4, 740 1, 120 1,435 £ CM 35, 663 16, 100 4, 476 2,110 cc a© ns 7,653 3, 421 5, 015 16, 089 2, 651 2, 057 570 00 r* CM ns 62, 739 27, 379 18,468 8, 457 1,540 118, 583 o !o Tt« 1 o ' 1 4,740 1,120 1, 710 O CO QO CM 35, 663 16, 100 5,276 2,634 . 59,673 7, 653 3, 421 5,015 550 e* ec 0 2, 651 2, 246 570 5,467 65, 017 27, 379 20, 752 10,601 1, 625 r* cc ns* CM ^ • lO It>- rH jO CM !rH OS a CO I zsz CM c r CM 9,326 3, 946 3, 585 2,411 8, 306 ns CM : is : • ICC 1 1 1 1 0 »c ec 1,174 1, 141 ns ec CM ^^OCGOH cc i-h ns 00 cc 00 00 10 coco CM CM CM CM 1 1 iO *h ! ^ CM liH 3,589 CM a CM x. CM 83, 996 4,740 4, 127 3, 563 8,430 104,856 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 701 1. 174 1, 141 ns cc CM 641 6, 232 10, 256 1.0, 012 6, 041 33,085 30, 165 18, 552 15, 906 CO CM CO CO 1, 308 1, 529 14, 552 17,389 52, 256 18, 725 18, 965 9, 987 26, 173 CO O CO CM 9,000 8, 622 14, 648 18, 681 ns os s f CMCCH CO OS CC CO GC O 00 10 i-T 20,586 66, 863 24, 294 18, 464 22, 713 95, 359 CC OS CO CM CM 43, 318 25, 979 24, 963 0 CM Os 2,908 3, 935 33, 010 39, 853 186, 276 53, 871 50, 032 45, 108 63, 660 398,947 21,467 17, 577 28, 782 36, 733 cs »c ns O 4,193 9,640 23, 429 CM CM CS 88. 654 79, 209 120, 146 108, 288 206, 692 OS CM CO jrth Carolina: Group II . . . Group III . Group IV- . Total _ >rth Dakota: j> I.C 1 5 C ic Counties . Total _ .... lio: Group I . Group II . Group III . - . Group IV . . . . Counties . Total _ dahoma: Group I . Group III . . . . Group IV . . Counties . . Total _ egon; Groun III _ _ Group IV . . . Couuties . . . Total _ nnsylvania: Group I . . Group II . . _ _ Group III . . Group IV . Counties . . __ Total _ _ See footnotes at end of table. Table 9.— TOTAL ENROLLMENTS AND ENROLLMENTS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total enroll¬ ment served © 28, 026 8, 723 5, 640 1, 502 1,415 § © 25, 377 2,722 14,014 27, 173 © e* © © 8,707 6. 449 12, 058 CM CM CO CM CO © P- 1 o c - c c © CM 05 ^ © co ^ r-t CM © s CM 123, 903 49, 805 33, 017 86, 712 34, 529 © CO © 1 c* CO 1 Total enroll¬ ment s 43, 142. 9,243 19, G92 4, 941 1,903 w CD OO 25, 377 2,722 19, 500 45, 976 ‘<*5 © co 05 9, 839 9, 631 50, 526 69,996 22,367 8, 352 30, 435 114,353 22, 394 197,901 1 198, 541 74, 251 47, 399 121, 682 126, 974 r* GO . GO ’ © Elementary and all high Served a o © ^ TP 895 2 © 05 © t>» CM Of s QO O* • 00 © i © • r*. i hV © • t*- t>- © © • © CO CO CM 1 « *-H © CM Tjl 1 ! ^ 13,944 2,177 905 3, 493 16, 137 o w c> Total S CO TT **T« 419 © CO -f © © o cm" © r* eo « 1 Tf 1 T— t © 1 © © • CO* 00 1 GO © 197 1,037 13, 429 425 15,088 | 2,177 905 3, 493 50, 420 © © © © © Senior or regular high Served 7, 524 1,463 1,767 314 1J.0G8 3, 941 742 4, 679 2. 021 11,383 2,282 1,688 503 CO N CM 00 C O © OONrHlO © © CO 00 © CM* ***** 00* CM* 19,017 | CM © 05 NOCOtN^ ^ © oc CO CO ccTco 05 © © CO t-H cm 87,954 Total © co -ft © co N»HrH 11,068 3, 941 742 4, 679 2,242 | 11, 604 2,282 1,688 4, 051 8,021 2,697 582 4, 378 10, 190 2, 861 20,708 | CM © © © © © CO © © 00 CM oc co co © iC tC CO rH CM © © CO © Junior-senior high Served © © 00 100 CM • o © CO © iff o © 00 © © ©s? 3, 942 1, 170 450 1, 620 800 500 1,244 © 00 ■ rf CM © © I *— < GO © OO 1 oo © « ©* © QO Total GO 3,113 528 70 3, 711 © © 00 © © © t*< O* 05 00 o © o b- © © r>» © Of 1 CO CM 800 500 1,713 3,013 1 ins O 1 i-ftc 18,898 Junior high only Served r- © © oo o CO © CO O C5 r-i CO CM OH CM © © 1,350 1, 350 1,262 443 160 1,865 2, 916 981 830 163 32 N C5 25, 853 11,714 4,073 4, 950 » | © © © | Total © 10, 936 1,105 2, 688 200 14, 929 1,350 6tl | CM CO © CM ’t H 006 ‘I 2, 916 981 1,290 1, 423 32 O* © © 25, 853 11,714 4, 742 5, 295 2,401 © © © § Elementary and junior high Served - © 00 1,807 009 i oo ; oo 1, 788 •'©00 ' ^ ^ 1 1 QO © © 688 780 4,017 350 © CO 00 ©* ^ i © © © © i © © © © 1 © i-H © © 1 i-T h co © CO CO Total - CO o CM 2, 013 009 :g QO 30 1 1 © ^ i © • © © i 1,174 i © 1 © 00 © cm • © © i © t*< • © © CM © i O © © © ! © © 00 ©~ If-Tr-TtC CM © Elementary Served co 9, 566 4, 348 • o i oo • 05 © QO 17, 217 1,980 6, 074 12,694 © © 05 eo co ©oo © © © © © © CO~t-H~© © 13, 192 4, 942 15, 723 41, 447 1,050 *** © CO ®* 47, 106 22. 909 15, 877 43. 910 9, 435 ! s o> ©* CO Total - CM r^r Illl =»s‘a III §1! fSi HH ill of of 1 1 gfsg 1 lO~U5tCr-r ill cfio all SSI Iks r suns 82S-£ ssiil 8-S2S iiii ggg (NCOCO 32 aa IS ooc .. ao.— gill BOOO i ; i i i : i S j i i ! JdBbjj J J aaaa*; -3 Saaaa-te -2 .a*- °aaaa*e *2 'S a a 11111 t\ mill I iSl! ■OOOOO -SCOOOO « go :22:2 CM •5~S 5 -a-S-a fill III!! Il!!l 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 10.— NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35 Number of librarians in centralized libraries Population group by State Elemen¬ tary Elemen¬ tary and junior high Junior high only Junior- senior high Senior or regular high Elemen¬ tary and all high Total num¬ ber for school system Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time ‘ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Continental United States. 907 4,275 110 358 559 390 503 742 1, 375 1,418 341 1,584 3,808 8,770 Group I _ 309 472 38 9 280 35 88 5 491 26 1 4 1,214 551 Group II _ 113 237 26 22 169 54 38 6 189 40 5 3 544 363 Group III _ 50 311 11 17 79 94 89 73 258 121 8 12 497 630 Group IV _ 74 609 16 114 18 170 201 429 292 585 70 142 671 2, 049 Counties _ 353 2, 576 18 181 5 27 69 189 117 553 244 1,360 806 4,886 County units. 8 70 1 15 8 10 18 40 28 93 13 63 76 291 Alabama: 8 36 6 1 14 37 Group III .. 1 4 1 1 1 2 4 1 6 9 Group IV. . 2 4 1 1 2 6 4 1 1 1 10 13 6 4 1 1 1 3 53 4 65 County units. 2 1 1 1 3 Total _ 11 50 1 5 1 3 8 7 9 7 5 55 35 127 Arizona: Group II .... 1 3 1 __ 5 Group IV _ 1 13 6 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 25 Counties 1 12 1 4 2 6 4 22 Total _ 2 25 1 6 3 1 2 5 4 10 1 13 47 Arkansas: Group II 8 1 1 1 2 9 Group III . 10 2 3 1 5 1 1 7 16 Group IV _ 3 13 3 4 38 2 13 1 2 10 69 Counties _ 1 8 2 4 1 3 3 3 2 35 9 53 Total _ 4 39 2 4 3 7 7 43 11 16 1 38 28 147 California: Group I 15 151 12 52 20 45 3 144 154 Group II 5 42 19 5 2 11 1 i 41 48 Group III _ 16 2 2 8 2 2 2 11 2 39 2 16 Group IV _ 4 43 6 8 1 1 5 6 11 19 2 29 77 Counties 25 70 1 3 1 1 14 40 41 114 Total _ 65 313 20 10 81 ' 11 30 9 92 65 2 i 294 2 409 Colorado: Group I 20 10 10 40 Group II 4 1 1 2 4 Group III 4 1 1 2 1 5 1 8 Group IV 11 4 3 2 2 6 5 23 Counties 1 3 1 2 11 1 2 1 20 Total _ 20 20 4 12 7 4 4 18 18 1 2 55 55 Connecticut: Group I 2 3 3 2 Group II _ 3 3 7 10 3 Group III . 4 1 1 9 3 11 7 Group IV 1 1 Total _ 7 4 2 ! 19 4 24 13 Delaware: Group IV 1 1 2 1 3 Counties 3 1 1 1 1 6 8 8 10 See footnotes at end of table. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 65 Table 10— NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued Number of librarians in centralized libraries Population group by State 1 Dist.of Columbia: Group I . Florida: County units. Georgia: Group II . Group III.... Group IV.... Counties . County units. Total . Idaho: Group III _ Group IV _ Counties . Total . Illinois: Group I _ Group II _ Group III---. Group IV _ Counties _ Total _ Indiana: Group I _ Group II . Group III _ Group IV.... Counties . Total . Iowa: Group II . Group III _ Group IV _ Counties . Total . Kansas: Group I . Group III _ Group IV _ Counties _ Total . Kentucky: Group I . Group II . Group III _ Group IV.... Counties _ County units. Total . Full¬ time Elemen¬ tary 23 55 Part- time Full¬ time 12 10 29 204 255 62 Elemen¬ tary and junior high Part- time Full¬ time 29 Junior high only 16 13 Part- time Full¬ time 13 Junior- senior high 20 21 Part- time 22 Senior or regular high Full¬ time 86 57 19 23 Part- time Full¬ time 11 144 25 29 30 Elemen¬ tary and all hieh Part- time 13 Total num¬ ber for school system Fuil- 3 57 2 33 32 42 2 167 109 39 51 47 48 Part- 3 19 29 101 304 456 172 37 2 33 33 41 2 144 2 12 3 31 127 10 185 See footnotes at end of table. 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 10.— NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued Number of librarians in centralized libraries Population group by State Louisiana: Group I _ County units * Maine: Group III _ Group IV . Counties ® _ Total _ Maryland: Group I . County units. Massachusetts: Group I _ Group II... Group III.. Group IV. . Counties Total Michigan: Group I... Group II.. Group III. Group IV. Counties.. Total. Minnesota: Group I... Group III. Group IV. Counties.. Total. Mississippi: Group II.. Group III. Group IV. Counties. . Total. Missouri: Group I... Group II.. Group III. Group IV. Counties.. Total. Montana: Group III. Group IV. Counties. . Total Elemen¬ tary Full¬ time 122 230 82 Part- time 27 34 17 7 199 284 16 3 14 342 375 36 20 312 335 Elemen¬ tary and junior high Full¬ time Part- time Junior high only Full¬ time 10 36 28 Part- time Full¬ time Junior- senior high 10 Part- time 23 30 30 Senior or regular high Full¬ time 26 62 48 Part- time Full¬ time 34 21 26 32 69 Elemen¬ tary and all high 32 Part- time 29 79 42 Total num¬ ber for school system Full¬ time 14 12 46 390 55 * 18 19 7 3 99 38 ? 12 20 20 16 1 157 Part- time 32 31 2 59 31 54 263 2 438 19 23 46 420 508 12 2 17 69 100 432 537 See footnotes at end of table. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 67 Table 10.— NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued Number of librarians in centralized libraries Population group by State Elemen¬ tary Elemen¬ tary and junior high Junior high only Junior- senior high Senior or regular high Elemen¬ tary and all high Total num¬ ber for school system Full- Part- Full- Part- Full- Part- Full¬ Part- Full¬ Part- Full¬ Part- Full¬ Part- time time time time time time time time time time time time time time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Nebraska: 7 12 15 22 12 2 3 2 1 2 8 2 4 1 2 3 2 4 8 22 1 21 2 23 3 66 2 7 5 12 26 Total - 7 40 2 5 2 2 28 21 30 2 12 37 114 Nevada: Group III . . 2 1 1 2 4 i 3 1 Total 4 2 1 3 2 9 New Hampshire: Group II i 1 2 2 2 Group III _ 2 1 1 2 3 3 6 Counties *..._ 1 2 2 2 3 Total _ i 2 1 1 3 6 2 2 7 11 New Jersey: Group I _ 5 4 4 4 16 6 29 10 Group II _ 9 16 1 1 6 1 16 1 32 19 Group III _ Group IV - 1 21 2 3 4 4 5 20 4 32 32 4 25 1 1 1 9 9 17 27 3 2 35 71 Counties 9 11 1 1 3 2 4 32 4 4 21 50 Total _ | 28 77 9 12 15 6 17 11 1 73 70 4 6 149 182 New Mexico: Group III . . 2 1 2 4 1 Group IV 10 3 5 6 11 6 29 Counties _ 1 2 1 11 33 1 54 Total _ j 17 5 2 6 8 22 33 11 84 New York: Group I _ 4 1 3 154 161 1 Group II _ 10 9 2 24 2 2 21 3 59 14 Group III - Group IV.... 3 14 7 • 2 14 2 24 4 48 22 13 26 2 4 1 1 26 25 10 17 15 16 67 89 Counties 8 43 1 7 8 9 3 7 34 171 46 237 Total _ 30 93 5 11 35 5 50 36 212 31 49 187 381 363 North Carolina: Group II . . . . 2 34 i 2 3 2 1 8 1 1 16 39 Group III 19 2 5 12 5 33 Group IV _ 27 5 4 5 5 9 11 9 57 Counties * 83 31 83 31 Total _ 2 80 i 7 3 6 8 18 22 83 43 113 160 North Dakota: Group III 2 1 1 1 3 Group IV _ 2 1 4 1 6 Counties _ 92 48 140 Total . S2 4 2 5 48 2 149 :== See footnotes at end of table. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 10.— NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued Number of librarians in centralized libraries Population group by State Elemen¬ tary Elemen¬ tary and junior high Junior high only Junior- senior high Senior or regular high Elemen¬ tary and all high Total num¬ ber for school system Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time Full¬ time Part- time * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ohio: 44 43 9 2 52 2 36 1 49 3 1 190 52 4 14 3 2 19 8 4 11 2 41 26 1 22 4 3 6 13 10 6 2 2 22 47 Group IV _ 3 14 1 5 5 12 33 6 35 5 16 27 108 Counties. 38 25 4 1 66 14 197 15 330 Total _ 52 131 13 38 74 15 58 51 77 112 21 216 295 563 Oklahoma: 17 9 6 i 3 26 10 Group III 19 3 4 19 4 9 41 Group IV _ 3 20 1 1 36 5 111 4 24 13 192 40 2 9 1 6 11 55 14 Total _ 60 48 1 8 41 18 131 11 25 6 11 103 257 Oregon: Group III . 4 2 2 2 1 4 7 Group IV _ 2 7 3 2 4 1 6 7 11 21 Counties _ 1 12 4 4 9 2 79 7 104 Total _ 3 23 7 4 6 1 12 17 2 79 22 132 Pennsylvania: Group I 94 40 1 15 23 » 79 95 Group II 2 8 2 4 18 4 5 13 1 1 40 18 Group III _ 7 12 1 2 11 14 15 5 38 19 72 52 Group IV _ 2 57 1 18 21 41 40 21 54 11 17 76 207 Counties _ 1 58 11 4 14 29 6 89 6 50 27 241 Total _ 12 229 4 35 69 44 90 74 101 163 17 68 ® 294 613 Rhode Island: Group I 5 8 11 4 20 8 Group 11 1 1 1 3 Group TTT 2 3 1 2 2 5 5 Group TV 1 1 2 Counties 8 . i 1 1 1 Total _ 5 8 1 14 4 1 7 2 i 2 29 16 South Carolina: Group II 6 2 1 2 1 4 13 3 Group III 1 1 1 8 Group IV _ 2 13 1 2 6 6 i 1 11 21 Counties _ 3 21 1 2 7 2 2 5 12 13 42 Total _ 11 43 1 1 2 1 5 7 13 9 6 13 38 74 South Dakota: Group TTT 10 2 i 2 1 3 13 Group IV. ... 3 1 1 1 2 3 2 9 4 18 Counties __ 110 1 1 25 1 136 Total _ 123 2 3 i 1 5 4 2 34 8 167 Tennessee: Group T 5 1 1 5 3 13 2 Group III _ 1 11 1 i 1 1 4 12 Group IV _ 4 18 1 5 i 1 8 3 3 13 31 Counties _ 45 47 2 12 1 i 1 6 8 6 16 60 85 County units. 1 1 2 4 3 5 Total _ 56 78 2 14 — 6 6 3 2 20 15 6 20 93 135 See footnotes at end of table. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 69 Table 10.— NUMBER OF FULL- AND PART-TIME LIBRARIANS IN CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued Number of librarians in centralized libraries Population group by State Elemen¬ tary Elemen¬ tary and junior high Junior high only Junior- senior high Senior or regular high Elemen¬ tary and all high Total num¬ ber for school system Full- Part- Full- Part- Full- Part- Full¬ Part- Full¬ Part- Full¬ Part- Full¬ Part- time time time time time time time time time time time time time time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Texas: 73 11 3 4 20 6 6 2 27 3 129 26 16 16 16 4 14 6 1 47 26 Group III. .. 29 1 5 1 1 12 4 2 19 36 Group IV _ 13 109 1 2 5 12 14 16 45 87 1 8 79 234 11 7 1 5 10 2 23 7 52 Total . . 102 176 13 46 23 21 19 103 110 4 33 281 374 Utah: Group III _ Group IV _ 2 2 1 5 5 1 1 5 Counties 10 .... County units10. 1 11 3 1 3 3 1 2 7 18 1 1 5 4 3 2 9 Total _ 4 16 2 4 7 7 7 3 2 22 30 Vermont: Group III _ 1 1 1 2 1 Counties 6 _ 2 9 1 2 3 11 Total _ 2 9 1 2 2 1 5 12 Virginia: Group I _ 8 4 4 7 ii 12 Group II _ 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 5 Group III _ Group IV _ Counties _ 1 4 1 2 3 1 1 6 7 1 8 3 1 2 1 2 7 11 88 9 25 14 68 23 181 Total _ 3 no 1 1 4 5 5 2 23 27 15 71 51 216 Washington: Group I . 2 1 1 7 8 3 Group II . 1 1 2 3 1 Group III _ 2 15 2 5 2 1 7 1 13 22 Group IV _ 15 1 1 4 1 4 5 11 7 35 Counties _ 3 11 2 1 1 1 2 1 4 17 1 37 13 68 Total. . 5 43 2 2 6 12 5 6 25 29 l 37 44 129 West Virginia: County unitS- 6 16 1 8 5 7 9 24 13 33 1 10 35 98 Wisconsin: Group II . 5 2 5 3 7 3 7 11 3 35 11 Group in _ Group IV _ Counties _ 2 25 1 1 7 6 1 6 1 16 34 1 18 8 6 24 6 18 3 16 68 706 51 2 31 54 844 Total . 8 751 6 54 8 18 19 27 23 53 3 54 67 957 Wyoming: Group m _ 1 1 1 1 Group IV _ 5 1 2 5 1 1 4 11 Counties _ 1 3 1 3 Total _ 5 2 2 5 3 3 1 6 15 1 Includes 4 in junior college. 3 Includes 1 in junior college. 3 Includes all of Delaware but Wilmington. 4 Includes 4 in teacher-training institutions. • Parishes. 8 Supervisory districts. 7 Includes 2 in teacher-training institution. 9 Only distribution possible. 4 Includes 1 in teacher- training institution, 10 Includes districts. Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Junior high only Total £ 1,048 S28§sa i i CO CM i H i CD COHH HIOIOH 2 10,000 or more 2 IrHCO i i ! i 5,000 to 9,999 g $ NOiOH 1 l i ! j i ! 3,000 to 4,999 2 n ass'"" : l 1 *-< : i 1,000 to 2,999 S S ; CO -1 CO CO i ^ i 500 to 999 I SSSSS'’* !c^ 1 - ;^.IOH i- i i 1 1,000 to 2,999 2 2 2S2SS2 j ^ CO II! 500 to 999 O slls^asssa ! Inhm CD l»OH i 50 i i i i Un¬ der 500 - 8 ^SSSgSS llN^CCCO i N j j Elementary Total <30 1 2 1, 033 660 799 1,026 13, 787 1,232 a 2 19 15 n I 10,000 or more « h j | : : i ; ; j ; 1 ! ! ! Mi : : : : : : : : ill! i i i 5.000 1 to 9,999 CD £ 36 22 8 8 3 i i : : : i i j ; : : : : MM 3.000 1 to 4,999 - 2 : 1 : : : ; i w Nil j i 2 c P 8 -T sassiaj * r r ! 1 3 CO xji 2 - :« : : : i I 500 to 999 CO 1 « ssasss z . « 81 w : i CD j 1 2 i li D N 8 2 310 238 313 486 12, 621 1,085 O COCO OSN 2 ■ o> i> ! CD 3 group by States 02 P 1 i i i ! i ! : : i S i S i i ! j i i i j j S j; ; i « | i M i i 1 ! : : : ! i 1 i 1 | i i j i j | j Hi ; ; ; ; (iii ; : : i Mil ; : ! : | i i i : 1 1 Bee footnotes at end of table. Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35 Continued 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Junior high only Total N CM CO CM 00 CO OO »010»0H CO CMt*CM cm ® CO 9 11 11 CO 10,000 or more O* *•* *■< i .>5,000 to 9,999 ® W w HH W COW *** 3,000 to 4,999 i CM r-< l CO CO CO - ■ 1,000 to 2,999 GO H05C«CH Ci w CO CM 1ft *Q ^ CO CM 00 ^ CM 500 to 999 r- iH(NCOCO(N CO CO CO co CO ©5 i 1.0 C o> O c© ! t-H CO rH w CM CO CM ® CM CO UO Elementary and junior high Total MCOH't co »o CM t-h CM CO 10,000 or more 3 » i U- • i i i 5,000 to 9,999 co i i i i i ' 3,000 to 4,999 N H1NH "HrH cm 1,000 to 2,999 Z5 HHCOH co ^HCOH 3 - 500 to 999 ® 1 Tt« i co co i ® na hh(N ® o 05 : j'* CO *-H co r* CM Elementary Total ao H^N»0«0 CM CO CM CO O CO w CO hW00»OO 156 | COt^NCO o WrH CO CM CO co ® co »o r* CO CM CM CO CO ■*# 10,000 or more r* i i "f 1 1 5,000 to 9,999 CO *0 r-t 1 l CO i 1 3,000 to 4,999 e° ^ 1-1 GO CM CO to lO 1,000 to 2,999 CO 00 CO 00 00 103 CO rH CM CO O N co CO ©5 COt^-CM rH CO 500 to 999 er© NOX25J ^ 1 GO l CM CO ^ i-H a Oi ^ CO co ©5 Under 500 N HTfiOOH^ »-H CM ^ LO CO 438 9 0 91 110 | co CO CO 8 CM f CM 21 13 11 321 366 Population group by States - Illinois: GrouD I _ _ Group II . Group III . . . Group IV . . Counties TotaL _ _ Indiana: Groun I . _ _ 1.0 3 o 'o ,o 0 o 0 > ,o o o 0 Counties... Total _ _ _ Iowa: Group II _ .o a = 0 . c 3 o 0 Counties _ _ Total _ o 1 »2 |5 03 M .Q 3 c 0 > O i cm CM r-‘ CM rH iO rH C5 COTJ4 , s HNH i rH CM ! CO rH CO ■* cm 1 •* co CO rH CO CM rH ! « 81 I 1 W9 r CM CM O O iO 40 00 .h HNTj< 154 2 51 CO *o 3 4 74 ^ II t^o 30 II CM CM CO 05 O CO CM H H< GO CM 05 ^ oO CO ^ CO CO CM CM iH CO 1,566 27 27 23 1,121 1, 198 1 '' l ^CO t-i QO i -1 i I i o CM CM CO rH ! 4 1 4 11 © rH lO CO ct UO ! 1 1 rH CM rH CO CO CO CO OH H CM O CM 00 ^ CO CO 00 oo 1 «» «<* CM CM 05 rH CM CM CO CM 00 1 ^ CON ^ . h* i • 8 iOt^COrt< rH CO 1 05 r i CO *Q CO ^ O Tf< OUNCO r» 13 11 005 CM CO rH QO UO 05 o CO CM 00 CM^^CMCO CM H< CO 20 9 5 J, 084 1,118 ' m !‘S i 3 CO 4H *2 3 1 CO ”5 3 is - to ' • 1 l !> i ► ^ i ► • >,aaaa*-- £?3 3 3 3 2 S o o o o o 3 3 — • H U-> S— U< C O ■Hooooqo « w i s g : o 3 aOOO '3 <> o e« « u o 3 aaaa« £33332 oCOOoS ^OO Sooooo ca 03 aaau.-; 233332 *£ 2 2 2 g Scjoooo _ aaa- 2 o o s 3 3 2 e H g 2 2 2 § H QOOCO See footnotes at end of table. Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35 Continued 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-36 ®5 P'0‘0 I iO I p-o *o CD 11 'N SC 00 Gaaa+e -2 aassg o •55 g £ £ g H •soooo 80000 ►-"-I ® M . a n'-S .5 3 3 =3 g o 3 o O 3 a 3000 4 a a a a‘|j 53333g §2228§ 200000 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 75 77906°— 38- See footnotes nt end of table. Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35- Continued 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Junior high only Total N N nhnn CM CM CM so 40 CM ^ CM CM II N^OCMCD CO CM CM CM 0 10,000 or more N ** II » 5,000 to 9,999 O N ^ (M so TT* CM CM 3,000 to 4,999 o 00^(N 3 CM CM i j i so CM 1,000 to 2,999 QO *0 05^^ CM CM CO t>- CM CO i-4 SC | CO CO CO O* CO 40 500 to 999 5 !(nhh CM CM CM e* I HINDIOIN 1 09 5 ® o P'3‘0 SO 1 CO CM u. 40 40 40 *0 r-t Elementary and junior high Total •O 00 00 <0 05 05 # y-4 O 40 05 »0 O CO II Tf »-4 rH CM 801 Under 500 N 00 CO 24 14 206 ■jT CM i-H O ''f 1 GO — » CM OO 1 CM i-l CM 1 ^ O CM S3 |j so 40Tt< CM CM CO ^ GO N 1,887 Population group by States - Ohio: Group I._ . . . GrouD II _ < o 3 o 6 > .3 3 £ c Counties . . . . Total. . . . . Oklahoma: GroUD I . . . ^3 3 G 0 > 1.0 o t- O Counties . Total _ _ Oregon: GrouD III _ _ > < 0 3 c 0 Counties . . Total . . . . Pennsylvania: Groun I . . . . . iO 3 O 0 , 3 3 Q 0 Group IV . . . . Counties . . Total.. . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 77 See footnotes at end of table. Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35— Continued 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Junior high only Total w N i i 1 1 i-H • 8 16 2 2 7 a )C4 | «S 1 ! 10,000 or more W i i i 1 Hi 1 1 1 1 1 1 5,000 to 9,999 04 j j j ; I in i lit i i III i l iii i l | ill 3,000 to 4,999 as i ! j ; 1 "ii 1 1 1 » CO 04 iCO • • • • 1 1 1 1 1 i *° | j J 1,000 to 2,999 QO j j ; 1 i • SO \ i 04 rH CO ' 1 1 . i • i 4 04 i , • pH ill III III 1 III in = ag as 1 ! ! II iii 1 ill — r» t i 1 1— 1 1 H • • ' i i i 1 iii M 09 | CO Elementary Total QO i i ° O 03 WNHt CO HHt - 04 04 00 04 < P H 04 CO < P i lUo 185 1, 045 10,000 more 1 1 ! II i i « i i il mi i i| OOJ CO | ijj I i ii ir 1: il 3,000 4,999 so ! Ith 1 i i i 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I IT h eo i || 1,000 to 2,000 - . i ^ i| ONONb • so \ 04 oi r 04 1 - II 1 "1 500 to 999 CO ! ! co co | T-H co cs Cn 1 ® ! lO 04 o 0 1 i rHrHr- 1 0 Sft t>- "\ 1 Under 500 Cl 1 ! 04 e* II CO IrHC^OC C4 1 T-H 1 ^ 1 1 H# loOSOlr 1 \\ i »-HOI 1 H# • 5 IS 1 J5 II rH 1 as II Population group by States - Vermont: Group III . Group IV . . . Counties * . Total . . Virginia: Group I . Group II . Group III . Group IV . Counties . Total . Washington: Group I . Group II . Group III . Group IV . Total. . West Virginia: County Units . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 79 Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35- Continued 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total for school system mojj 50 27, 836 CO o »o CO CO CD CDNHCOHM 00 rH to CO O CO H* rH rH CsT Oi H CDoONOCrf to CO CO to CO CO e> CM Tf< CO CO to H«®M CO © Oi eiom jo 000*01 Oi 176 00 Oi to Ol CO CO NCCHINH ; 1 666*6 n 000‘? GO 699 j j- to i- - 1 666*1 oq 000*8 5 1,269 CO to CM ^ to o cm 22 S3 «c3 ^ CO rH to rH l 1 ® rH CO »0 w CM rH ^ 666*3 oi 000*1 46 »o CO hT to CM oo Oi CO CO Tti Oi 00 rH NOCMHiO CM rH rH CM rH 85 CO 00 ^ GO CM HCOH rH CM So 666 01 009 US CO to Oi CM CO CO CM CO NOCOiCNH CO CM CO to *0 CM cm" CO Oi to to 00 09 Oi co to CON ‘O O r* CO 009 Jopnn =* o OOOOHOiN ^ CO Oi to CO CO CM CO CO CM rH tJ?Vh 10 17 5 21 10 CO CO r* 00 Ci to co o> CO HCON So Elementary and all high l^ioj, eo to Oi to eo 5 12 21 171 3, 207 109 CO CM tO 00 00 - rH tO CM GO eiom jo 000*01 N GO 1 rH CO CO rH ■ 1 666*6 Ol 000*9 r* HHCO^NH CMrf> - • 666* £ Ol 000*8 40 173 1 | | i - - -< CM 666*2 oi 000*1 39 to »o o ^ 00 CO Oi to CO Oi HHTf O CM 666 Ol 009 CO CO 5 2 1 26 1,061 40 CO CM to -• i 009 Jopnn CO 1, 072 i CM Oi cOOi CO . CM H H • O CM rH CO 1 - i CO rH 3 Senior or regular high moj, 36 ® to CO Oi I co oo co co co ^ CO CO H CO to CO rH CO N 05 H NCOHHH CO rH tO O CO rH CO O 00 to CM 9Jom jo 000*01 35 s co rs» oco co - j i j j i ! i 666*6 Ol 000*9 34 Oi eo 1 130 53 64 48 19 7 CO rH - 666*^ Ol 000*8 CO CO ill CM ! i | ^eoeo j i" 1 e<9 666*2 Ol 000*1 N eo 934 1 co coo co2!S 1 H CO CO rH tO rH ! rH GO 05 lO 1 1 o- tO t>- 1 2 666 Ol 009 « i 1 ill |”“SSSS | | - i -II 1 -1 i-| - 009 Jopnn * l 386 •»»2S@S - | : ■ - II ! CM ^ CO Junior-Senior high moi, Oi Oi CO GO Oi r- t-i to r~. cm CO^OOHCO rH CO CO rH rH tO CM 2 | CM CO GO | | H CM to O GO CM gjora jo 000*01 GO Oi “II 05 j •*$< 00 j ■ |j }• | • | i 666*6 0} 000*9 Oi 66 g,0500^cc|| II 666*1- oi 000*8 o Oi ill rfMUOCOH^ CM H CM OtO rH ! CM rH ! 1 1 -i CM **1 CM CM 666*2 Ol 000*1 to Oi 559 CM ^ Tj< O CO CO | ^^cooogco || rH COCO rH =i to ”1 rH Ci ® 666 0} 009 ■*< Oi ill ! CM Oi to CO to : ^3 || ! CO IrH -ii -1 - r-. CM tO GO 00? Japan eo Oi 156 r“s§il - j -ii |j - CM tO GO Population group by States - Continental U. S. Group I . Group II . . Group III . Group IV . Counties _ County units . Alabama: Group I . Group III _ Group IV . Counties . County units . Total . Arizona: Group II . . Group IV . Counties . . Total . Arkansas: Group II . . Group III... . Group IV . Counties . Total . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 81 See footnotes at end of table. Table 11.— NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35- Continued 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total for school system pnoj, O »0 CDd^OC^ (NOCOCON Hh h»0 1944 ONHOJiC ^ CM CO O ^ CM CM 1 hC5 00»C »OCM *OCO CO 473 or co ao o lOCOOn i 599 eiom ao OOO'OI 05 l^CM IcM ao 1^ rH j J r-i 05 1 r~ j w CM I ! ; N 666‘6 CM 00 CM 05 CC ^ rH CO ^ 109 CM CO lO CM rH CM CO to r» eo CD 666 OJ 005 tO OOOHOlO H H CO OO 150 CO ONCO rH Tj< CO CO MOON 05 lO-fON CM rH CM CO CD 05 005 Japan - rH Tt< 05 N- 05 I O rH CM OO 1 ^ CO 1 ^ CO CM to 40 rH rH ^ us II MNMN 5j| - to CO 21 16 14 347 ao eo Elementary and all high pnox W CM iO ao - ^ CO 00 ao ao 3 40 CO CO eo ejoui jo 000*01 s j j i h - : : : i .666*6 0} 000*5 i - - rH CM - - jr. CM 666‘fr oj 000*8 o ! ! j - i l i i i j 666*3 oj 000*1 eo rH CM f-i ■*< CM CM 3 CM CO CM ao CM • rH CM eo 666 oj 005 ao eo i • CM CM • co i co CO CO j co CO I 1 1 1 1 » 05 005 Japan CO i 28 C5 CM CM 1 1 • • 05 1 l 05 Senior or regular high pnox co I CO (NhOh^ HC^OOOJ 208 05 o o o o rH H CM H O tHOOt^OO o CO ^ 05 »0 1 tO rH CO j CD 8J0UI jo 000*01 1 « ! CO CM ! CM h 'I!! •1 II i- i N - j i j ~ 666*6 -H j *® 666‘3 0J 000*1 1 s - - 05 O ss HHIO "1 1 05 666 oj 005 | [ i CM CO "I 1 i * • 1 i i 1 1 • • I 005 Japan | eo - ! - CM ^ S1 i i - i i < | ' in r* 1 1 • i 1 Population group by States - Illinois: Gronn T U £ 1 s • C *0 hO 1 3 o Group IV . Counties . _J Total _ _ Indiana: GrouD I _ _ _ .c 3 C O i* 3 i O O Group IV . . Counties . . . . Total _ _ Iowa: GrouD II. _ ,o 3 C O Group IV . Counties _ Total _ Kansas: GrouD I _ Group III _ _ Group IV _ _ Gounties _ Total . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRAPJES 83 1 8 146 3 8 20 116 3 K2 1 76 57 49 33 8 188 *09 64 99 1,464 | 67 1 45 66 1,210 ■1,388 - : i *4 h r - i j ! ! i - hcohco»o 2 *0 (M ! CO 2 CO - i io 1 CO lO 00 : - - ill i- il II i i jcctx -1 1 00 ^ 22 1 CO 00 r-1 2 5 i i CM 1 2 43 ^ | 2 21 4 5 CO 2 ! oo i CM C* : : j® n js 2 •-h O I 2 2 iwr is HCONh o j ; CM -- -II 2 1 11 = 1 1 co 3 hh« £ ' CO ! *o o s| j \'\ j | i | ill 2 1 2 18 20 2 CO o CD • cd ; 5 16 22 2 1 3 11 15 S 11 - ; ; - ! i 1 I ! ! ! ! ! 1 1 -|| - - i ** il 1 i ;C‘SCC-H r* -- -I - S i - i l 1 1 ' 1 — "1 1 i ' CM CO rH cs — -II rH ' ^ lO §! ! CM eo CO ■ 10 10 Senior or regular high l^oj. g ! Oi - CO 1 Oi eo 1 O CD 1 rH lO 1 1 ! CD 666 Ol 009 CO ! 1 Oi 1 Ii ! '• oi oo ® ; i i ' i ' 1 ' 1 ! oi ! rH CO 009 JQpun o CO : i i rH ! 1 1 1 i i l 1 1 1 1 1 j ! ! oi -r ee Junior-Senior high l^ioj, o Oi ^ COt* 10 21 cot^oo oo Oi :o IN ! IN 9Jom ro 000*01 QO Oi ; ; - i i - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 666*6 01 000*9 r» Oi — • Oi i CO 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 666‘f Ol 000*8 CO Oi — “1" ! oo ! 00 1 1 I I fH i ~ | 666*2 01 000*1 40 Oi HHMH J 05 • Oi CO ho - i- • Oi 666 Ol 009 •*« Oi - i i j|- o oi oi • i ^ - 1 009 Japan | S3 OO j os i- i - p rH Oi ^ i o r» Population group by States - Mississippi: Group II . Group III . n.mim TV Counties . Total . i H HH h- .. 38 \ SOC CO § UiUUjJ XX - Group III . . . Group IV - - Counties . . Total . . Montana: Group III . . . Group IV . Counties . Total _ _ Nebraska: t uiuup X - Group II . Group III _ Ornnn TV v-« * V/UF * - - Counties . Total . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 85 CO 10 30 4 12 2 16 3 sssgSjS 13 23 119 2 323 102 113 152 1, 801 3 e* 73 62 67 1. 173 i 7 15 1, 058 1 ri i i : : 1 Hi! ! ! Inm : : : lO -ii - '7 i i 4 8 iiii : 1 1 : : : : ! i I J liii f 6 6 4 4 2 N 2 1 ;o 8 - ! 0« 8 HN « rH ^ ! CO ! 00 2 5 16 16 59 8 H 50 O r* 1 282S 2 3 9 75 £ N ! j r« Nl°c$S§ 801 9 2 66 19 15 18 1, 507 2 50 rH 5 -| 1 ! e* ! N : : : : : : : : S ! lion Ml" rH • N f 2 ! ! 1 co io l ; ;n?j n 1 1 8 1,173 2 ri I : is S { j ! i ! ! i ! ! ! !co : ! ! i « ~ i i - I 1 IrH 1 III 1 - iii! 1 : : : ; . ! I : : : : : : : : i : i- : : i : : - Hi 1 1 Icoo I I I ^ 2 I I Is 3 ! 0 03 l 8 I IS 8 HI! ; i i is ! ! '** i :« I i e* 1 1 1 rH rH III” 1 1 I U I ri i : 3 i I So ; s 1 1 1 nr ! : 1 In ill! ! loo 1 ; (30 IIII CO Mil n i i ii 8 i 12 2 "f ** MOHO 15 14 24 30 19 I H °0 rH 3 £3882 2 228 I 3 H!Dh 2 ii j i i ! i i I I I I I i 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 50 IHH ! ^ ; : GO iiii j i i i | : : : : ; iiii 3 3 3 2 2 • CO 1 1 1 eO nnioh j 3 i i ^ rH l l l l l i - i i - j i i j 0*05 5©T*CO CO rH. | N»OWO i 3 N»OH i GO 1 1 1 I | : : : : ; " j j« 3 1 14 22 4 3 i p - HNiOON 3 COT* 05 ! 50 OiO O . i - IrH ! CO : : t* 1 ! 1-4 e* ^ *■ ■ i rH rH i e* 3 .... 2 2 GO rH T* » 1 1 1 ao • 1 os : : • rH rH ' CO H 50 • *-H CO 1 I r eo i ! : i i : ! i-H \lO j i 50 rH i 4 15 15 8 rH [ rH i :M233 s WNO 1 3 ; ;« I i 50 : ! Ml! 1 hi N ! 1 ! i Mr! N IIII III! j I I I i | i iiii i i r i i N : : ! lrH..rH O iiii 1 1 j | : : : : : : : : i : ; ! 50 i i i 3 16 3 Si ih ii T* ii ; j iiii | i ^ o ! 1 1 1 lc^ 50 00 00 3 CO « r» ! i Cl 05 i 1 r Senior or regular high I«10X i? (NhioOh cohhcoco ©5 GO CO Cl M< HiON co rH , Q 3 c O Counties . . Total. . . Oregon: Groun III > *£ 3 ' O O Counties. .. Total . Pennsylvania: GrouD I. Group II . Group JII . . Group IV . . Counties . . Total . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 87 s 34 8 36 167 § 21 21 511 s S3SS|2 2 O 2 5 4 48 52 ! ; ! ! i b - ! ! | j | OO rH ! CM ! 3 j j CM CM - ! - iO W5 h CM CO r ; b CM CMOS nan 3 n ; CO ; * 3 CO CM rH & CM GO 3 15 8 i 8 37 3 3 j i to i to CO r-H CO ! N • 1 rH 50 3 00 1C i-t 3 10 11 36 12 S 46 21 9 66 29 3 3 CO CM CO CM CM OONS1N 3 4 4 15 S? 3t_i2«'- 3 22 17 9 55 51 3 3 7 16 £ is i 5 7 6 14 128 I 2 22 15 39 72 297 2 ! 33 15 3 ! «-H CM CO i®S 3 HWSH 3 NCOOOg 3 CO CO j i : : | i ill CM CM b - r r b - j J ! to ■°! rH CM CO ill i : - i rH t» GO rH © 3 r-H CM O rH s rH OS 3 1 Ith -1 1 bs r» ! CO S ! rH CO i 3 ^3 3 CM N i i i : i i is 3 r 3 i . ^ 1 3 5 82 OS | 3 1 3 1 : 00 *o h co co 00 uo to S 1 2 1 15 45 10 3 232533 3 rl ! L- © 3 j ; [ : i - - - i J J co i-i ! ! ! - j j - ~|| - - cm ; j N i i b CM OOChN i i - CM CO — CO CM CM r-« to iriOH i 8 29 1 1 CO CO ' - i CM i CO - Ir^CM o rH CM i-l - 1 l If 1 ioco 3 CO CM CM COOS CO 1 i - i CM rH . 3 ! rH CM O • CM [ b - ! co I CO ! co CO r 4 CM M ~ iss 3 CO • CO N r ! CM H 3 CM 3 00 i CM O rt £ rH t^-CS r« i i 1 j i - i CM ! ”1 i - - j i i ; i CM 1 ”1 1 1 i | — CM CM ! - i Jri n : : r i b CM - - I co CO to ! CM CO ! : : O i-l rH 00 2 i • j 00 GO ! cs os i CM i CM W j| N i CM CM ! - i ^ i - h* |( i |Js ill Group III— . . Group IV . j 1 § " 1 1 ith Carolina: Group II _ _ TTT vJiUUp 111 - Group IV . . Counties _ Total _ _ ith Dakota: Group III _ Group IV _ _ Counties. _ _ Total... . '6 Q. II Group III . Hrmin TV Counties . County units _ ... Total _ _ _ tas: Group I . Group II _ Group III _ Group IV _ _ Counties . . Total _ ih: Group III _ Group IV . uounties i® . . County units 10 . 1 Total . See footnotes at end of table. Table 11 —NUMBER OF CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, ACCORDING TO SIZE AND EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, 1934-35 Continued 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Total for school system mox | § ^ CO 00 WO Oi rH OO H CM CO 40 NMO CD »o o r* j O®^5!ao O Of CO 1,185 OJora jo 000*01 | 5 — i i i - CM ! ! rH ! CO j 666*6 oi 000*5 | 2S C1C2CO i r* CO rH CO ' QO 1^ 666‘fr oi 000*8 Oi CO CM 40 CO o CM CM CM 05 »0 40 CO CM 05 666*2 01 000*1 3 rHHlO 40 CM OO Tf CM rH lO 00 CM fc>- O 05 O QO 05 CO 05 666 0} 005 40 CD t>- CM 04 rH v-t OO o ‘O'tcoo HHCO 40 CO C5 005 JOpafl HWN O i CO CM rH CO CO CO o C5 40 O O 00 rH CM. 00 CO c> CO 05 Elementary and all high I^IOJ, CO (NHiOOO OO CD 05 CO CO a| 11 ejom jo 000*01 cm i j j ! i 666*6 Ol 000*5 3 ^ i i - i 666‘* Ol 000*8 O rH J H CO GO CM CM -« 666*3 Ol 000*1 co ’"H j 04 i QO Oi H< CO CO CO 666 0} 005 ao CO • co co 1 CO 1 at co CO CD CM 005 Japan CO ! rH 05 o CM Senior or regular high UUOj, cd CO CM CM CO r» IQH »oco^j to to to CO 00 CO to »H CM 40 8 ejom jo 000*01 CO - ; ; ; - CM ! !h ! CO i 666*6 Ol 000*5 CO CM r-< CM i i to CO rH CM • 1 co j i “ 666*f> oi 000*8 CO - - ! --- CO rH to CO CM 3 ° 666*3 oi 000*1 CO - - C4 rH | OO Oi »H H rH CO 05 CM CM 666 oi 005 | S i- - h 04 O CM CO CM rH CO "1 ! 2 005 japan | n HH(N - 1 ! CM CM r -1 1 - Junior-Senior high lejox 05 Oi r-lHlO rH CM CO CO CM 40 CO O O 9Jora jo 000*01 cr> N ! i i j J i | j 666*6 Ol 000*5 cm - i - - -l " 666*1- oi 000*8 CD Oi -- CM — I CM 00 666*2 Ol 000*1 ‘O N - - l ^ ! CM Oi CO • CO 1 ”11 666 Ol 005 W - h - ; i -1 i It 1 ~ i - 1 1 1 co II 1 II 005 Japan CO Oi rH CO h I CO CO 1 "II Population group by States - Vermont: flrrmn TTT i> 1.C J c > c S C ‘ a < a £ > c ■ c sc 2 * 1 1 1 i Virginia: 1.C 1 c ! C < t~ sc Group III . . Group IV . GonnhifiS Total _ Washington: 2.C i p J c < u )C 1C i p ) c . u SC i> H C I P > c SC Counties . Total . West Virginia: County Units . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 89 NOO»C« ^©051 ° g II "• QO © N ■m cm II 1 CO 1-H ' i ii ! HlO»OC ii- -i- 5 13 H CM | -H tO i-H ^ to 20 29 37 -- CO I 30 rj tHCMCS 1 ws 8 15 11 N 5 'O CO l 1 cs 1 1 CD I lO lO ! ^ 1, 050 1,680 ! CM C > <30 s s - ^ 1 1 ! ! cm CO i 36 37 15 15 CM CM 1 1 H - 8 7 23 CO ^ O D7 T-* CM ^ r CO 1 1 i 1 CO 1 ’ ' I i ! <30 j j’ - - ^ O n 01 r-i CM j « 1 1 1 1 CM i i 24 36 1 1 t M ** i i i 17 17 ! | i j i i 1 1 t-H CM CO j i- - - 5 5 13 s 88 01 i CO 1 ; : -II : : : : ll : : 1 1 1 < ' * « ' 1 • NNW 1 i - 1 i i 1 1 1 1 ' ; • fHNiC 2 10 "2 1 N CM » rj i ‘ (N 00 |J ! .-H 1 |- i* *1 i ! 1 1 1 * • 1 1 ' 1 • ■! -1 ii ' 1 ' « • ' 1 > 1 1 Wisconsin: Group II . . Group III . . Counties . . Total _ Wyoming: Group III . . Group IV . . Counties . Total _ a « £ m « « ;'ll« o « g’ca 1 CO W w or© Table 12.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, TYPE OF LIBRARY AND UNIT OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL, 1934-35 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Unit of control Total X) 27,836 co © to co co co n o oc O) rr | CN^COfHfC 1 iQfQCO*QCO r-t r-H H« OS* r-T e© w N TT* | coco ! t© 1 r* 1 11 34 78 83 CD O Other board - 49 ; j O 05 CO lj 1 ! i I Com¬ bina¬ tion school and public library boards s M5 »© CO OhhcCNC II OOSMOOCl i i j Public library board w m on as rr »-H ■^COUNO i i ! School board *** 26,861 1,621 1,011 1,447 2, 534 IS, 636 1,612 56 38 37 58 34 e© M ! ^ ^ CO CO t© i-h tji t^e© rHCONOO t© © Type of library Total C© CO e© GO ** CO O *0 CO CO CO COGOI^OO^ CO *-H CO r—< CO tQ CO CO t© CO QCrHtOCOOCO i-T r-T ,-T of of i-T I e© s II t- rt< -^1 I us 1 | coco j r. j 1-H ^ 00 CO HWNO0 1 o D* School libra¬ ries not open to public ©> 19,581 CO CO to to 00 COOO rf to !N ’ — | Q ’t (N H N to CO CM to CO NOCOCSOW r-T r-T 1-T of of r-T »© | NOO CM Ol co 1 »© H C4 »0 Tf t-h CO CO CO w School libra¬ ries open to public a 7,644 12 64 116 355 6, 736 361 CO CO M (30 1 to rr 05 I 1 2 11 19 ?? Branch public o 441 O Tt< lO CO OS H © 00 TT CM GO • j ; Public o> CO 05 05 CO CO • COH CO i>. i 1 1 I 1 CM ! ** Number of volumes'added in 1934-35 Total, includ¬ ing undis¬ tributed volumes QO GO N N O 05 H CO T}4 i-« CO CO 05 00 to O to CM CO C5 CO 00 H cf TfT of of 00 o I C rH CO CO CO CO 1 to CM CM CO to CO CO CM CO lO CO CO N o CO GOOtO^-T to* . oo oo oo to" CO* CO* of 05 to to 00 1—* CO H CO CO o o OtQtOtO CO CM to 3,549 05 05 CM rf 00 CO o to © o r* N , 300 1,081 1,120 750 t© e© j Junior- senior high t© 189,967 32,198 10,511 28, 675 76, 534 31, 503 10, 546 1,231 390 435 2,056 O CM O 05 CM CO « 05 t© 100 1, 679 1, 125 2,904 Junior high only - O QO O w 94, 630 53, 644 31,454 19, 607 3, 510 5, 262 CO 05 S c3 ©> O to 437 20 t© CO O to to tOCONN CM to r r-T 00 rH rH t-H O to o CM CM -H CM 00 1,055 to CO L- GO CO o 1,461 • to 1 CO • CO t© CD 1 Ele¬ men¬ tary t© GO <55 t© 134, 488 75,993 67, 899 99: 873 149, 556 32, 006 COfNNO G5 t>- rHTT*tON SC S US 1, 291 992 1,798 00 o 1 I 1,009 2, 375 150 CO i© e©* Population group by State - Continental U. S- . Group I. . . Group II . . Group III.. . - . Group IV . Counties . . ... County units . Alabama. J, c ( s 1 c sc Group IV . . . . finnntipd C C it IP ! P > C >C Total . . Arizona: firnnn TT Group IV . . flmintJAR Total . . Arkansas: flrniin TT I.C i p i£ SC Group IV _ _ _ Counties _ _ Total . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 91 2 I g^issg rt i -Sfe55- £ ^8 | u 118 5 owS5K8 2 2 8!? | £ || N i 1 1 1 C'J c? 1 — ^ ^ c; 1 ■** ' ! C* c^i ! * ; — 8 | 5 a . 1 j ^8 1 8 8 -°W8K8 n j! ass £ || l |i — t — 2 i j ci!?0rt | ^8 n i|a II - 1 I = MS5E$i n 1 «§£§£ i 2 1 £ ”8 u 8 CO ®”*S2 1 °8 sj • ' ^ io cc CS * " ; = i - 00 s C5 ^ T*< C* 00 2 oi ^ "II Cvi o* j ; ^ ^ ^ II sills £$gfc?a‘ ' 1 i* giaii 00 II f 1 I : i Ch 1 i X2 § C i 2 c >> c ® M O Q, i -|| J >v = i - ® >» •s ?=C 1 S O § H .. £ s- 5 > 1 | c 1 i 77906 —7 See footnotes at end of table. Table 12.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, TYPE OF LIBRARY AND UNIT OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL, 1934-35— Continued 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Unit of control Total OO CO CM t* O CM CM O CO OO I'- r-» H»0 3 at 1 ONHC5 1C tJ* CM CO CO ^ CM 51 29 58 .. 335 473 58 63 68 410 Ot> I Other board 1 1 i i * iCO 1 1 1 1 1 1 eo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 • 1 1 1 • l l l 1 I 1 I 1 1 Com¬ bina¬ tion school and public library boards SD O »— * CO l'* s J 1 II Z 6 1 r CO | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 Public library board CO rH CO 00 12 J IrH irji CM 1 i i CO 1 1 eo | II School board 2 CM 00 CO N to t-i iO 905 OOOONO H CO CO CM CM »o eo 48 29 56 335 $11 II at | iQ Type of library Total eo CO CM rt< © CM CMOCOOON H HIO 2s | ONH05>0 1 CM CO CO rjj S2 51 29 58 335 eo ou co go o qj || >OCOCCm at y at n School libra¬ ries not open to public w 00000*0 CM © CO CO CO Ot r» NHC5CMH CO CM CM CO O CM 350 00 © rH IQ 'Tt* CM *Q CM CO 1 * W | School libra¬ ries open to public - !hioo CO 1 CO CO 1 *Q Tf< • CO W5 i »o o 1 o CM CM Branch public o rfi CM CO O at CO 1 CM rH CO 1 I 1 CM CO 3 31 2 H Public at 1 H CM 00 i = 1 1 1 1 i-H ^ 1 1 CM 1 1 1 I l IQ 1 1 Number of volumes added in 1934-35 Total, includ¬ ing undis¬ tributed volumes GO 1,571 24. 790 15. 697 22, 514 4, 797 69, 369 27, 533 8. 946 5,285 7, 536 8, 379 57,679 8,216 5,565 7,225 3,473 24,479 7,500 5. 993 7, 829 4, 313 »o eo CD CM Ele¬ men¬ tary and all high r- CO lOOO iO iiO*OC CM t CM CM i 1 CD *D 1 1 CO > • CM IQ L- i i CM L- CM i ICO CM r-T ! i o QO CM ©O 1, 196 IQO ^ 1,519 Senior or regular high CD 432 4,287 8, 123 12,899 1, 796 27,587 19, 609 2, 464 2,139 3,708 50 at r? CM 1,255 2, 877 3, 561 1,075 8, 768 1,399 3,853 1,712 6,964 Junior- senior high OHIOO CM 05 >0 CO rH 616 © ISSo O JCM CO CM" Ihhh J eo CM CD 1 2, 258 355 890 3,503 3, 500 322 1,823 190 5,835 Junior high only >0 000050 CO 05 05 TT* *0 CO CM CO CO CM CM r-T*-T SI CM CD 3, 103 875 313 20 eo •hT 1,029 1, 057 1,164 25 ID || "II CM C5 i >Ch • !>• • • 2,471 Ele¬ men¬ tary and junior high CO 4, 553 1,061 883 400 6,897 1,039 1, 961 525 603 QO 22 98 150 268 50 566 i i i co i i CO • i i 166 Ele¬ men¬ tary CM 00 CM CM 00 CO O 40 CO © ^CO*OCMO CO TjT co" cm" 26,861 3, 521 1,418 495 1,105 2, 338 r- QO QO 3,576 1,126 1,250 1,219 7, 171 4,000 2, 075 1, 168 1,437 8,680 Population group by State - Illinois: Groun T Group II . . . Group III . . Group IV . . Counties . . . Total.. . . . Indiana: Groun I Group II . . . Group III . . . Group IV . Counties . Total . . . Iowa: Group II . Groun III Group IV . Counties Total.. . Kansas: Groun I Group III . Group IV.... . Counties . Total . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 93 See footnotes at end of table. 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Pn O H 5 P Q 55 < Cd < Pd 2 3 Pn o pp pLH K* H 02 pp 2 Pd pq hH hP Q W sj 13 c rv^ H 55 PP O O PP Q q 02 PP 3 P kP o > & o Pd pp PP 3 P 55 I H PC < PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 95 CO wo e*«o 3 I M080® l 282 l§2SSj _r ■ s | 1 ** j 1 8S88 |!| 1 i —* 1 1 i • CO »—» 1 1 — i i 1 i i : . ! wo ^ || i I: i II f L - c >1 5C !> | i i i • i i i » i ' i i i i i * i ' i • i ' i ' y3 !i £ >o njji mr,!l min sOOOOQ O ill 1 & 1 1 i Ill o % | i i j j iiii i i i i MM £t4 iiiii ■ 1 * 1 ■ 1 : ; i i • i i g L e?gi ioc i : i>i ill iCO i i jdei * a o< = e«8i |o= i ! C 'C li See footnotes at end of table. Table 12.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, TYPE OF LIBRARY AND UNIT OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL, 1934-35— Continued 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Unit of control Total 00 159 84 86 116 631 1, 076 0005 rH CO ^ 00 ^ CO 909 05t^0 ^8 446 177 99 144 283 2,417 © | N eo Other board 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I i | i < 1 i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III 1 III 1 1 III 1 1 III 1 III 1 III 1 III i ** Com¬ bina¬ tion school and public library boards 16 ^0 50 GO GO 00 i 1 GO 1 l i 1 | i 1 1 -i 154 Public library board © ogowoeo US us 1"H ** 1 ! • < * * * ! i • Public © l i i t i i CO 1 1 1 1 I 1 7-4 ** CO eo !rHC*00^ t i i | i © Number of volumes added in 1934-35 Total, includ¬ ing undis¬ tributed volumes GO ^ 00 C* © 05 © 00 CO 05 93, 578 4, 059 5, 727 9, 602 7, 701 $ © r** N 3, 024 4, 056 4,627 11, 707 rfi US C* t>. - CO © CO 1] N US 1 1 1 US CO O 00 .a 3 O C Counties . Total . Pennsylvania: Group I. . . . . Group II . . . Group III . Group IV . Counties . Total . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 97 ^COOO c* C* 0© CD t* 00 CO l>- 0© CO CO U5 3 o3 ^ CO M5 40 ' C© CD IOHCOHH 2 ^ 50 cS ?§ 3 QO io rt< oo Tf »o 05 ® ! ! : : ; ; ; i 1 : : : : : : : : ! iiii i | N iiii : : : : : : : : : I ] r i i i i i ** i ir “ 00 i i j 00 : ! : : ! : : : : : : : : : : : j : : : : i i i : : ; i : : : loo : : : : : : : : : 3 j j r j i i i i : : : : j i S i : i : ii! j i ! ! o* ! !! ! N : i : S *“* ** lill : j j j | j | j • j i i : i ** s S8§ i SJggfS 1 aR«ll i 5 4 46 51 I $ 3 2. 21 511 3 3 s-sgl 1 5 4 48 52 I 21 26 8 4 6 3 0,00 00^ i 21 21 398 1 22 5 46 383 18 s §SS|R 2 5 4 32 47 3 CO i i i : : : CO a j« 58 8 i is i i a 1 2 i i 36 110 2 j r 3 j j j i | i i ! : i i i ! : i ; ; j j : | i : iiri : : i i : i : i - : : : Hi ** i : : !ua : i ii i i ! ! i i ! f co r-T 21 05 go 7, 605 10, 712 7, 140 r* || -II all ii ii 2, 725 4, 780 6, 645 4, 100 18,250 Population group by State - Continental United States _ Group I.- . . . . Group II . . . Group III . . . Group IV . . . Counties . . . . . County units . . . . Alabama: GrouD I.. . . . . . Group III . . . Group IV . . . Counties . . County units. . Total _ Arizona: GrouD II . __ > <0 3 c o Counties . . . . . Total _ _ _ _ Arkansas: Group II.. . . . . Group III . . . Group IV . . Counties _ ..... Total . . 647, 980 113, 686 141, 481 121,913 64, 282 1,089,342 95, 745 5, 075 15, 829 9, 850 3, 106 P US © CO © cm UBLIC-SCl t^O TP ©TP o ^ ^ © © CO 00 tP ^oTlO rH HO © co" 0L g 1 © ^ 166 ‘9 | BE © T) CM > 350 5 1,975 H 15, 323 0J 6,513 789 23, 950 6,840 7, 824 1,341 16, 005 6,618 1,883 4, 482 3,966 1,356 © M OO 87 1C CM CM 316 2,487 19 35 tO CM* 40 © 00 to CO to CM ^ t>- CM 996 250 55 15 O CM CO ^ lONCDOi 10^^005 co f-T 6,401 ©tP © iO lO lO CO CM 954 CO IQ © CO 00 »0 20 1 © »-H © CO © to CO 657 250 130 380 371, 529 52, 080 49, 671 32, 108 6,352 511,740 41, 333 4, 457 9, 475 5, 257 tv © © 9, 010 13, 542 6, 601 eo i-O 8“ 400 1,950 1,230 7,590 788 200 9, 808 3, 800 4, 600 8, 400 31, 162 3, 825 4, 238 3, 156 524 42, 905 8, 339 &£g t*- 00 eo © © © TP CO 186 © | 408 © © © io ! o cc oc oo i to || to 00 S eo »o 19, 056 3,125 5,231 6,111 2,683 CO I**. © II © tO r-T ”1 COMO i/S CO »o 00 1,487 200 1,277 127 © © T* © TP CO CM © TP © r-H IS* CO co to oo © ^ TP 00 CM tP CM © to r* 216, 061 52, 358 77, 442 62, 230 35, 258 443,349 44, 119 618 4,246 2, 522 1, 546 53,051 4,038 5, 504 808 1,494 11,844 1,289 4,714 8 00 C iO O LO o HHIOCOIO CM Tf CO © Tf Tp CO 9,371 1,700 2, 153 1,239 s to 763, 240 120, 643 143, 800 128, 809 65, 269 1,221,761 95, 545 4, 968 12, 925 10, 154 3,156 126,748 1 © © oo co ^ CO© ©00 ^ *-?© i-T 48,918 | 1,959 6,300 11,229 © © CO © CO tO © TP »-< TP CO © TP CO © CM to to t-T 24, 446 5,700 8, 250 1,351 o CO to" 109, 197 1,621 4, 638 938 6, 176 © II CO K 2 tO tP cm o CO CO JC r-l of © N N 6,000 1 100 1, 751 1, 925 196 3,972 100 10 © i i © 1 ' i ■ CM • i II II 2,000 js © © 1 isg i 1 00 CO 1 1 1 1, 150 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4,870 17, 176 21, 797 25, 803 19, 914 o II ! s§ : « : 00 i > 1 1,406 2, 015 165 655 4,241 | © | o 850 | • © 1 1 1 to i i 1 1 1 50 111, 498 16, 873 23, 592 14, 950 11,775 oo !—• ! ! s :s : ; qo || ! ' ! 2 1 1 ! II * • • to i • i 1,905 | 920 860 100 1,880 79,010 84, 973 67, 924 75, 327 14, 904 322, 138 95, 347 4,457 12, 300 9,530 3, 156 124,790 | 11,610 17, 427 11, 799 711 839 42,386 1 006 6,300 | 2,474 II ggsss? CO © 00 to t'* 17, 394 5, 600 8, 240 13, 840 California: Group I . . Group II . Group III . Group IV . Counties . Total _ _ _ Colorado: Group I . Urnun TT • 1 • 1 1 1 1(G'q5 3 3 3 = > o c - 3GOC Total _ Connecticut: Group II . Group III . Orram TV * - n JC Total . . Delaware: Group IV . District of Columbia: Group I _ Florida: County units . Georgia: flrniin TT Group III . . . Group IV . Counties . County units. . Total. . . . Idaho: Group III . . . - . Group IV . . Total . . . See footnotes at end of table. Table 13.— INCOME AND EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, DISTRIBUTED AS TO SOURCE OF INCOME AND PURPOSE OF EXPENDITURE, 1934-35— Continued 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Expenditures Total expend¬ itures 2 105, 596 59, 519 67, 763 13, 502 ® 1 GO ZD i ** 79, 763 14, 723 23, 929 20, 397 20, 654 CD 1 OS 30, 129 27, 877 19, 426 8,373 85, 805 03 CO O OO I OC3HCO »-H (N T 38,860 7, 900 8, 711 9, 208 3,830 29,649 Income Total in¬ come 106, 496 63, 430 68, 261 15, 179 ZD CD CO CO fo ot 81, 520 14, 723 24, 919 21, 637 20, 904 S CO ZD 1 29, 129 26, 858 20, 153 8, 449 OS S G© 15, 709 25, 255 26, 651 4, 265 71,880 From other sources ZD 3, 128 1,724 1, 840 1, 150 w a o 290 750 951 1, 297 1 C© s: Of CO co o *oo X 0030 CO C* H 1,078 486 1,305 180 1, 971 From public library funds - 11, 874 500 2, 050 4, 962 19, 386 i i 1 ico i i*o ico i ico i 05 i I P— G© G© 2,084 100 1,938 Of Of O 1 *o O 1 l>- *0 l ’“H ! ZD Of From State school or library funds - j ! ! i! 500 O IS- *o *o io 03 1- co | Tt< O U- 1 1 g 1 u From county funds CO i | 6 CQ 4, 606 4. 183 3, 856 2, 889 15, 534 i 1 o 1 o 1 00 800 From local school funds ** 91, 494 61, 206 61, 277 8, 867 0© O* 81, 230 2, 790 24. 169 19, 081 10, 197 «o CO 17, 897 20, 978 15, 427 2, 757 OS 'O c? 13, 209 24, 769 23, 184 4,085 Of ZD Population group by State - Illinois: Group II _ _ _ _ _ _ Group III _ _ _ . Group IV . .. . __ _ Counties _ _ Total. _ _ Indiana: Group I _ Group II _ Group III _ Group IV. _ _ Counties . . .. . Total _ Iowa: Group II... _ _ Group III _ Group IV _ Counties _ _ _ Total _ Kansas: Group I _ _ Group III. . . . . Group IV . . Counties _ Total _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 103 min 1 i 14, 380 36, 613 1 s 3, 552 2,285 5,426 1 -r 38, 167 17, 710 2 rf 1 6, 860 50, 727 22, 243 7, 886 1,898 S 8“ ms® |gS£“ | »“ §i22 i SI 1 1 18 cV 1 CO 2I2SS 8 s' IIIls I'SS'S- i s Knt,ucky:e GroiiD I _ - CM 2,034 Periodi¬ cals Ot 00 CO CO r-H CO "T co H lO CM CM © © 4, 621 2, 828 1,200 2, 260 3,439 14,348 oo oo at © © © oo © © co CM a© to CM Books and pam¬ phlets QO 5. 529 7. 529 10, 259 co 1,527 6, 153 7, 680 47, 879 14, 333 10, 606 14, 530 22, 424 CM at © 13, 209 8, 875 9. 170 11, 291 to to CM Income Total in¬ come 13, 148 12, 576 19, 031 68, 028 ‘co QO N 4, 374 8, 292 12, 666 147, 486 78, 026 45, 067 42, 640 35, 703 CM CM 05 GO Jg 27, 478 18, 039 20, 825 20, 415 r» »o CO 0© From other sources - 361 1,151 5, 314 © So © o © "T © ‘O 05 7, 985 2,514 1,327 1,665 13,491 1, 254 1,568 797 3,619 From public library funds to 300 o © 29, 379 7, 271 664 2, 250 7* at co 10, 176 co li r* © From State school or library funds - 4, 145 2,012 2, 895 cm »o o 05 4,000 1,000 250 © to CM to ! © 1 CO © CM CO From county funds co 3, 980 2, 150 392 © i l CO tO l i to CO ' i »o i 9,888 is 50 From local school funds w 4, 662 7, 263 10, 130 w cm 4, 334 8,237 CM CO CM © i—i 00 ^ © to co 00 r^Tco od co oT 'T CO CM CO CM »o CM 17, 302 16, 785 18, 887 15, 516 68,490 Population group by State - North Carolina: Group II. _ _ _ Group III _ Group IV_... . . . Total _ North Dakota: Group IV... . . . Total _ Ohio: Group II. . _ _ .. Group III. . . . . Group IV _ .. Counties . .. Total _ _ _ Oklahoma: Group III . . Group IV . Counties. . Total _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 107 8, 551 19, 721 12,014 I s Hill SS|SS 1 s Slll£ - 1 rf IIS! d °'l°' I 8 =ls t^oTjo 1 8 21, 537 7. 326 13, 036 24,881 2, 482 1 § jss i 1 ills £ 9 s s § ig : £ 5SIS ls§s ei S e* © coo ^ CO ^ g sill NNMh 1 Ci s I s S ig i i S~2 1 8§|S 1 SSa •*©ef 18111 ss's'gg 8 s 161 S"”‘ s a 3 i CO in jco 1 i 188 s GO 8615 i 8 i slllg i § 8 § 1*8 9 S|g | Ills 9 W rf sis e» Issil 9 8“ 2S :x§ =■> 3 Ills I 51! S s*‘ 111 3 2, 749 7,011 7, 019 S s* 2Ssii Sfe'gtfg ! 11118 £ S ills (NTT 9 W JJ 1H1 nVcj i * 11151 •oW-OMr* 5 S§33 *aS 1 llsll |SgSK s r! 31313 «*•••* -- 1 r* sis! d il 32S CO Oft NOO 8 5 §1111 i-T t>T co tjT c^T cm 1-1 cm 8 § iss s ISII ** i 1 ii 1 1 i I CM t>- ;2:S 1 Ils6 -oo'^r i 1 1 ! 1 is® i 2 i i 3 1 CM ! 1 S' : 1 s' i w w r . i > — ill 1 w isss 3 ill : « 8 it 1 ill i 0' r» :822 . IO CM i 2 1 sis oo*a»» 1 a iSlsS gs'sga 1 1 j 11811 § sf lisa o «S“V 5 111 j ®oo«o 1 §s!r§ S'-Srf 1 3 Oregon: Group III.. . - . - Group IV . Counties . . . i - 1 a §c > = tc ill: ■ i i i ' « i i uaa« fiill 30000 •i * 5- rs S c ® J 1 C3 J.Q. d> ii !§ - 1 ijt — oc: i i ■ : i ! 1 1 • :|j « III * III 1 III 1 III 1 : : : : i i _ -g a > - ii 1 77906°— 38 - 8 See loot notes at eml of table. Table 13.— INCOME AND EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, DISTRIBUTED AS TO SOURCE OF INCOME AND PURPOSE OF EXPENDITURE, 1934-35— Continued 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 4-3 6 Expenditures Total expend¬ itures 3 184,310 70, 677 28, 978 82, 933 38,962 405,850 9,044 1,982 6, 945 14, 688 as n us © N CO 4, 844 25 3,950 | 8,819 3,376 8,918 10, 301 33, 316 © us us II All other purposes co 678 2, 378 303 980 729 4,968 ! ! i l l IQ l i l l i l l l l l 1 9Z us CM 1 •ONH ;^Se3 813 Equip¬ ment N N SSoSo © » O © CM CO ^ (NH co us CO as © t'- *0 rH QC 1 737 s o 1 us 1 O CM CO 1 00 US tH i © 00 © © CM Salaries 2 103, 211 48, 414 14, 439 42, 702 3, 619 us <30 CO cm cm 4, 450 1,200 770 5,505 »o © 2, 896 § CM 4,096 744 4, 257 5, 320 8,742 19,063 Binding and re¬ binding O 4, 994 1,669 584 2, 275 838 10, 260 » CO CO H O r-i CO CO CO 1,586 Books and pam¬ phlets GO 69,178 14, 675 11, 996 28, 356 31,270 * a I us us 1 4, 279 500 5,161 7, 282 CM N CM 1,119 25 1,500 2,644 2,303 2,511 3,011 19, 154 © «cT CM Income Total in¬ come r* 184,308 69, 267 29, 280 85, 308 41, 241 409,404 Tt^ooo 1 OhOW I © cm co *o 1 CO 1 CO CO 5, 036 25 3, 950 9,011 3,376 9,168 10, 382 33,316 3 § From other sources © 2,315 225 3,230 8, 679 2, 550 16,999 o o o o.o CO CO r* © CM CO °° • O i O • CM 2,016 1, 327 35 705 8,366 CO CO ©* From public library funds l 1 i i • Iioo 1 1 1^0 III l^. 1 1 1 US r* 1 1 1 I© • O i 1^ i © © From State school or library funds CO 1 1 00 us *h i i o US 1 1 rS rjT CM i i i i CO co © CO 1 1 CM 1 • ci CM • o 1 lO 150 105 245 680 5,240 6,270 From county funds co 1 o 1 I o ICO 1 1 o ■ I IW © © 05 1,262 1,400 cm © CM i 1 i CO i i iCM • I 1 CO lit cm" CO CO CM From local school funds cm 156,880 67, 282 26, 050 75. 406 32, 686 358,304 9, 044 1,800 5,408 10, 479 r2 © 4.220 25 900 5,145 1,944 8, 888 8, 997 7, 387 © CM CM Population group by State Texas: Group I . . Group II . . Group III . Group IV . . . Counties... . . . Total _ Utah: flrnnn TTT Group IV . . Counties « _ _ _ _ County units s_._ . Total _ Vermont: Group III . Uroup iv . . . Counties . . Total . . Virginia: Group II . Group III . Group IV . Counties . Total _ _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 109 22,746 8, 274 20, 950 24,659 18, 043 S af 57, 591 84,433 41, 898 54, 079 50, 365 S 8 800 7, 500 4, 125 3 s rsii : : i i i 5 2,194 1,258 650 453 1 jc i §o§ 5 s ill! ; j s -r 1 r-T 661 769 1,428 1, 151 1 jj 8 15, 326 4,320 11,368 10, 321 1, 500 3 s' 16,872 55, 259 22, 852 27, 155 225 105,491 \i • : j 11 c-r g «5 169 88 408 1,429 125 § u r— r 2,729 2,113 2,359 2,734 8 ef ii ! : 13 8 I isttl r § N 8 eo 3,539 1,959 2, 616 3,897 s o ss | i® 3 7,079 3,859 7,315 9,284 4,186 2 s 33.SSI 20,051 12,947 19, 871 38, 807 91,676 | i ;! 1 22, 746 7,970 20, 725 25,037 18,068 i s 60,269 86,368 43, 197 52, 406 54, 151 a 8 800 7,718 7,853 16,371 iiigg : : u : : : g -r § 135 1,500 2,586 6,442 8 i§§ j r}T I i ! i i ! iiiii \ i : : ! 43, 727 1,014 * Hi : : : : | 150 1,050 807 i *** § oN»rrH-rH rH Total CD 2, 916 2,003 2, 716 12, 800 8,334 3, 220 5,203 1,061 5, 468 8 § SSSill s rH* rH* OO C* r^ rH" rH Elementary and junior high Served *8Z'8 889 O ■ o I x> • sf 1 ! ! iiiiii ! I iiiiii i Total - CO 1 ^ c i CO C c rH • CO c I 1 g i o • n ! 1,253 Elementary Served CO .‘.o*a>«du5eJei‘ r hVs'o -*oNiiV«‘w i- 2111 1 I ss s Is S SgllSgilSI IIII sliSII 1 'S“5d's‘ S **■ rfof ” o«5oo® oolor-rg-f' oo See footnotes at end of table. Table 14.— TOTAL ENROLLMENTS AND ENROLLMENTS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Con. GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 115 iieinii! ii mmum* ggggg miiHmuu co «o sT co tC >-h co cm' r-7 co o' w n in n o n‘ a n h o n o V i-T cm" ■*fo'&oociei-&-&camcQei sSplIllllg 11 ISSlslsSlISs iSlli IslllEslaslI 10 o o' f~' r-^ co r-~' r-T co coo >o‘ o’ ao o' cc id c >o e K K cscc»-<'a6co o o n » c >o V ©* ff e oo K SSIHli «co->ot-*eo«oos'eood^« nn®Vh -*T so H-'n-'co'co'oi cc'r-'ef ,.o !?Ssil22 IJlib :S igfcaJ Iil4T See footnotes at end of table. Table 14.— TOTAL ENROLLMENTS AND ENROLLMENTS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 116 d BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 I § o i S' a & PH P o P4 o liil 2 II3I11I §!!§!§ S si II §IIS§II1 mnocohTh oo* efeo ^*oT .o^cf wNifoo*.oeo* Total enroll¬ ment a sesssag IIII1§ I s§ §1 §!§!§§§! “HoVaH cS cfco oo oj WHcfeVowa Elementary and all high Served 2 . 6* 356 419 83 i j s : : 5 : : Total 2 . 6’ 356 419 83 j I i i ei j j Senior or regular high Served - i i issss Biissa i si is aassasas CO j IWHHH HNHNHN -4 NH ,-h‘oT t* ^H^^H(NtH Total 2 1 i isSSS fiSlSga 1 SI IS sllSIlli CO ! ^‘^■rHefrHof rH* a cof4co o-4eo h4 oTtf «5 uo of w-hi eo >o cT o City - Pennsylvania: Allentown . Bethlehem . . . Easton . . . Harrisburg . Hazleton . . Johnstown _ Lancaster.. . Lower Merion (P. 0., Ard- McKeesport . New Castle _ _ Wilkes-Barre . Williamsport . — . York . . Rhode Island: Cranston (P. 0., Provi¬ dence) . . South Carolina: Charleston . Columbia . . Texas: Amarillo _ Austin... . Beaumont: City district . French district _ South Park district .... Galveston . Laredo . . Port Arthur . Waco - - Wichita Falls . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 117 ii is isinii cSeS »o*o coV«3d»«H‘ IS §1 SSliiii 003 ch®h® !!! 11 11 II W ®3Wi-^Otf m ill 888 Siill 8888888818888888888 MM^MCCV 0^ nco «Jn'n ee H rt“(N £ i : Mi See footnotes at end of table. Table 14.— TOTAL ENROLLMENTS AND ENROLLMENTS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934r- GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 121 3SSS SSSSSSSSSSSS iSisilsIgSi iglsisiilliigssig rj .-t-T i—7 (n't* i -T ,-T-H r* rnW-f r*>Sr4c6 rtCOeO*0-H%H SSIIIIslIISIellllElsISsIsIs ill§sllllllllllll J^TVrf^^VelWeorfor^efctf^rf^eo-H'rfw'^refrfV N(NV«Vco>o*eoMMiNNM«. i i i i j j j j 1 1 1'| i i i i i i ! | i i ii j | 1 1 I i i i i i i ii i !■ i i I i n ■ > 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i i : i j j i i i i ii ; : : : : : : : : j! i i i i ; j | ; III!; i i i : i ! j 1 1 i i i i i i i i i i i i i j i i ii i i* i i N | j i ■ : | | : lit i i : j ! : 2, 740 0 ii 1 i° I i i i iii : : : : 1, 042 3,063 0 : ; : : : •iii: i i i i i : : : : : i is j 1 1 1 i i i i in i : : -g| gm.l PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 123 j I §§ISs§i§ iiiiiilsllisg IS 3gg§iiiiiSa!i§ Si o>«*‘co»Hef^coJ‘ M«M«N*weN*N«s(Nco eo con cScScS eScf co^ctcovS'o odeo : : : : : ! : : : i ! ! i Him mm i i i i : i i i }| j | j | | i i i i 1 1 i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i ii i i i i i i ii :::::: : : i i j j i j I j j j j j j j i j j :::::: : : ; ; I 1 is is 703 442 1,463 1,500 1,460 675 . 943" 1.291 1, 047 598 1, 400 876 674 05 858 ns i in i i - i i i i i i 1, 199 681 730 970 1,500 1, 628 490 I 1 |s Ss 703 442 1,463 1,500 1,460 675 943 1.291 1,047 598 1,400 876 674 605 858 in i in HH ! ! i-H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1, 199 681 730 970 1,500 1,628 490 Is 1 ! !rH ! 1 1 1 l 1 l l i i i i i i i i j i§ i i\\\\\ j 1 1 1 i O O 1 » c :28 : it 1^^- : j. iiii is i ; ; i i® i i i i i i i i i i i i i \\\f\ ! j 1 1 1 1 | ■ i i . O O ' 1 c 128 1 II l^^r I I, i i I iiii s 1 is i° 1 i i i i i ji N i | is | i i 1 1 In j ii in i i rH"' II rH*4 1 3 is ! o jc3 I ; i j : i i! i i i O i 2 i 1 1 I O 1 05 1 III 1 1 il.il i 1 1 ; ; ; is ill : ! ,-T II ~,-r i i ! ° i i iiii i ■ SS I • • • ! i iiii i El ill i j • CO « 10 1 ■ SS I « I • ! £2 iSS 1 ! o 446 3, 000 0 1,966 IS i i i i si a : : : : ~ef « of^r of «vr.o.-r Hga a ii assiggag§§ii8 i sasis of efrHofof •o' co •^c^o'ocfcfcfioVfeoof'^ of -Too of T3 'C 1 > ; : : : a ns g§iam§3g ii i g § i a iia smiling ii i a i i ii I 3g §g rH SI IS I IS 1 'O 11 2 a I. a i ill \ ii COH* ii Cf*T §11 of-? 2§ of I s of -? gig! -T co : : § ills ii aisiiiaiiaiis § sgg -r -? -fr-r wof corHof^'-rofof^ef^vrof -r -r-r-f ef«>v-r-r : ; Mini ifiiMWi mm slsilll l|g illsllfllll £ I g S sis PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 129 Table 15— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES; NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN ]rt SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35 g GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE Number of librarians in centralized libraries Total num- £2 ber for H school system M AL SURVEY C euii?-IJEj | g | )F EDUCAT i N IC *00 CO » ION; , 193 CM 4-3 6 CO CO N- O H oraiHintf GO W 14 23 66 23 11 21 40 3 3 12 3 4 3 11 11 10 7 10 Elemen¬ tary and all high K | ! j - euni-nnj | n 1 1° - ] j Senior or reg¬ ular high eraij-iprej s | - - b - - CO 1 rH l 1 1 1 • emn-nntf s j O ^ONPJH O CO OO CM CO CO ! rH ^ CM rH rH rH 1 1 Junior- senior high 8 1 j j j | i i ounvipj 8 1 lO CM CM rH CO rH 1 Junior high only eunwiBj ! S 1 o ! CM - • CO 1 1 • emii-ipM o I e* CO CO 05 05 O CM rH - i s'0 Elemen¬ tary and junior high erap-jinj 2 1 j j - | ; s 1 00 ^ CO Elemen¬ tary 2 1 CO iN CO i ^ o CO rH rH CM rH araiHinj C© 8 13 .... 1 0 20 j 10 s Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries All schools p9AJ9g CO O GO Cl O H CO CO 05 CO CO rH CO CO 05 05 lO CM CO 1— ( CO CO CM CM rH r-| CO rH moj, 71 37 351 72 44 92 78 55 i 131 26 21 26 27 93 21 53 45 Elemen¬ tary and all high p9AI8g | ! O - - i i Pnoj, | w j ° - - ; ; Senior or reg¬ ular high p9AI9g | a t>. T^OOOCMCO CO CM GO CM CO CO CO • CM CM CM * 2 t>- 1C o O0 CM CO CO CM CO CM ^ CO - • • i i Elemen¬ tary p9AJ9g eo 05 05005H lO o ^ H ^ ^ N 2 21 0 iO CO CM rH CO rH N *00005*00 CM 05 05 rH NCOHNH CON CO CMrH ^CCN CO 05 CM rH CM CM 00 rH ^ CO CM City - Alabama: 1 i. : a ?«9f£ III 3 © C rt W Los Angeles . Oakland . . . o © 09 >’§ C 0 i g .. t 5 9 ^ « © V c 5 c l-i* ip 6 District of Columbia: WacVnrurfrm Illinois: Ppnria c si ,.2fi •o c £ - a j? il 3 -> 3 1 c c -»« il South Bend . Kansas: Kansas City . Wichita . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 131 2 2 19 ^ N3 H2N CM ^ CO HO © »-< 00 rf< © © i-H CM © 00 0 94 1 CO CO CM CM CO COH CONN CM CM CM CM N^hN O 00 © CO ^ © CO -^ © --i rf< rt< O CO 1—1 ^ l CM T-H H H CM HHC5 rH W CM COCO CM r"H co *""* *o j - i- - i i i i - 1 CM • 1 CM j j i j O CO o o - i i CM i i ! © ^ CO CO CM i— 1 CM to CM CO CO O to CM CM ^ r*^ 1-H 05 r>- ^ t^CM©^CO©CM CO CM 1-1 1-4 1-4 HHH CM 13 7 1 2 4 i o ; ; ; i- i S i ~ j to ! ! ! CM oo © to CO COHH - 00 o cm ' ^ ! j cm ! ! j : i b 00 CO ! CM 20 6 3 20 CM CM CO 41 4 1 2 4 6 1 22 12 3 2 11 o i h j j CM I » o HNH CO - - Tf« 1 ^ cm © CM to i CO CM i —< CM - 05 1 4 20 9 © © 00 ! ! o ^ • i CM C5 l i r>« I to o 05 © ! 1 © . 1 CM i to tO CO CM CMCO© ©CM CM »OhtJ<(N’ iO CO HCOH i— • CO 1-H rl > CO CD 00 OOOOiNOCO © C>Tt«iOiO^ Th INHH CO CO COCM CO HCCrH CM © r- 00 CO 00 ON HWO © O OO^O-^O COfO»Ort< OCOOOHNOO^ *0 (NCONNtP CO © © COCOCO CO CO ^^r>. 23 co cm co © co osg^oco © oo t>» © © © tO CO CO to 00 t>- © © cm. GO CM W00O O to NtNCONH to CO < IN^COOCS CO © CM © r-H CM CO OOCM CM00© © (NdCONH © CO CM < © © ^ CO © CM CO iCOOtHN CO CM i- i i j- j T*1 © 1-H ICO 1 - CO i-l 00 i 1 i CM 1 i i p © ! !>• i— 1 ^ ICO i - CO *-4 00 • 1 00 CO • CM CM © © rH 1 CM . CO © »o CO CM CM CM CO 'O^hCM^ © co-r-T*(N 1 00 © & ««« ON CO to CO CM CM CM CO lOifHCM^ i © CO CM © ^ CM CM 1 00 j. j 1 j j H 1—4 CM '> - i i ii 1 ICO 1 Tt* 1 1 -iii i ! cm ! ! ! i iii i i 8 i CM CO CM 1 CO CM II 9 i -iii I cm 47 1 118 24 ■ © 00 • 1 1-4 l « I • ^ © © 1 1 00 Tf< c to rH ; s • • ^ © © © ! f » CM CM i © CM i i CM « ^ i i—l i © i CO O CM CO CM OO CO © CM CM CM CO to © CM CO 00 < itONCMCOO to ^ 'OOd^tC^ T*1 CM © g g ^KHI^sSeiSSaisgS c. “ S f! JI m jL T * .3 a a a a a z z £0 £«£«>< oC0*O^ 04C0 COD! Junior- senior high p9AJ0g 05 ^ CO H moj, GO ^ COH Junior high only p9AJ9g r* ^ 04*0000 04 *0 0 i • • 8 16 » CO • 04 O i'h j j N >-l uo 00 CO ^ -• « D »0 - J ! ! o 04 00 HH is Is- tF *0 05 ^ 00 rH rH H rH 04 H Arizona: Tucson . Arkansas: Fort Smith . California: Berkeley . Fresno . . ! d o a 3 ® sa § 2 2 S 3 c3 PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 133 See footnotes at end of table. Table 15.— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES; NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Number of librarians in centralized libraries Total num¬ ber for school system euniHi'Ej => 1 O CO CO co cm o co co co co ^ »-4 CM eraii-nnji QO W Elemen¬ tary and all high erau-jjrej w emu-nnj CO w Senior or reg¬ ular high omi'H.raj w - O CM O CM eraiHinj w HHH CUC iH CO H N rH Junior- senior high gujii-UM co cm emrHPU w w - Junior high only amij-jjnj e* o CO CO ! CM - CO eraiMiuj o O co CM H h o CM CM ! Elemen¬ tary and junior high eraij-jicj 05 CM *-H ■ CO erap-nntf GO — 1 j Elemen¬ tary gmij-jinj; o CO CO ^ O CO • eran-iinj s o j CM 40 !r-t ! Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries All schools poAjag »o i-H CM CO CM ^ CJ Tt< »0 CO *C f-1 t}< o CO COHNOJOIOOJ^ PUoj, CO »-• 00 ^ *0 05 ^ U- CO rt« *0 CO CO CM OHNOiOOCOCOOi -H ,-H r-i ,-H H(NHH Elemen¬ tary and all high paAjog CO o rejoj, 2 o Senior or reg¬ ular high paAjeg - rH i-M i-H r—4 r—4 r-H HHHHHNHH PUox 2 Mhhhhhhhhhhhhhh HHHHHWHH Junior- senior high p9AJ9g 05 - FUOJ, GO - Junior high only p9AJ9g co ^d^^COCGr^INCO CM CM CM *-* H CO CM H ! IBJOJ, CO CO ^(NrHHCOCO^WCO Cl CM CM »HHCOCMH ! Elemen¬ tary and junior high p9Ai9g - i HHM PUOJ, - r-i CM CO Elemen¬ tary P9AJ9g co o o H »0 i CO CO CO iO N £ 1 > bj !| lE D 1 a i! Is !i is I i a !£ Newton Pittsfield _ _ . _ _ _ i > c !.S 15 Revere. _ ... . ... Taunton. _ _ _ _ _ . £ jtf Watertown. . . _ _ Michigan: Bav Citv _ _ Dearborn: Fordson district _ ... Hamtramck . ------- 1 i,e p 1 <£ !l IS Jackson . . \i i s i ^ a c : bi « jin IS Port Huron . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 135 D. & See footnotes at end of table. Table 15.— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES; NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Number of librarians in centralized libraries Total num- S ber for H school system AL SURVEY OF E emu-jit?,* J « J D UCA r-H tO 1 TI0N, CO o 193' CO CO CM i i- -3 6 ©r-H . CO 1 • CO omij-nn^ GO N hhMNWWIN NCCHfNrH^iCNHCOCO’f-f CO to 00 Elemen¬ tary and all high emn-l-mj 1 £ | o ©r-H ! ! ! eraiHiuj | ~ | o o i ; j Senior or reg¬ ular high emn-jw,! | £ | o O O o - j ; i amn-irn^ | S | OhhWO r-H CMhhCMhhhhhh r-H CM CM Junior- senior high 1 £ 1 O ° i i i emiHinj | g | o CM t-h © CM « • i Junior high only ouiij-irej | - | O r-H co o ! CM CM o emtHinjI | g | O ©CM CO h i CO CM »-H « CO CO r-H CM Elemen¬ tary and junior high o ! cm i-h -1 j o j - omiHinj J 2 | H CM c : i j o - ; Elemen¬ tary erau-lJBj s 1 O O |h ©r-H ^ © " i CM ouni-nn^ 2 | CM CM O O I © H j © ' CO CO Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries All schools p9AJ9g its >0 50 «D OO CO ■*»< OtD^^W'Ot'OHlOTji^N O CN - OC5 N N W 00 NCOCOkON»C(NiHOOCDONN CO CM CM (N (N H (N H (N (N H H H CO H ^ CM Elemen¬ tary and all high p9AJ9g 2 | O ©r-H i ~ ; WOJ, 2 | o © r-H i i • i i i Senior or reg¬ ular high P9AJ9g 2 1 (Nhhh:h h (NHHCMHHHHHCM r-H CO r-H S | ~ MHHHH r-H CMHHCMHrf HHHCM r-H CO r-H Junior- senior high p9AJ9g a r-H o CM H © CM CM GO -H O CM v-H © CM CM Junior high only p9AJ9g 1 ^ o *o COCO CO -H IN jj l C b 1 ll X) 1 e : C «3 3 c m c § ) c J C/ il : a - 7 n 3 3 M o g ”2 6 1=1 o* ii 1*8 is* 15s ! c H © t l S3 c - CO ft jsl > H- ii J c Jj= 5 a, 1 5 : i ■J Rhode Island: Cranston (P. 0., Providence) _ South Carolina: Columbia _ _ _ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 137 See footnotes at end of table. Table 15— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES; NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 138 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total num¬ ber for school system * 1 o cm HMN Cl CO pH CM ^ PH CO • omn-Iinj 0© c* »0 x O - - — - — — Junior- senior high P8AJ0S oa o CO - imL QO o CO - Junior high only poAias - O pH CM ph CO — -- ^ • I^iox j «© - O H CM pH CO p* i Elemen¬ tary and junior high P9AI9S 1 - o p. J l a >f 0 JT J e 3 0 1*5 h If li ipt li Q. c 'Z J i£ i a > li n 1C 3 a ia 3 a 12 )p: 3 a Sc 3 a ia a C a T !S ) c \* 3JC is 3 C ia I J ) 3 i i £ is ij Colorado: RnnlrlAr c/ C St 1 c Ux e c li >t > S . 0 ;c : > > i j ;i 11 3C Trinidad . J PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 139 i j ; i j ° 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i i i j ~ NHHHHH , - i ^ i NHHHHH , - ; i - : i i i i- - ; i i : i i*° - i 1 i j j h i j j i"9 i j ■ i i i < • i N • i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 : i i10 i jjj": i i i • i ( i i ■ N ' • 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i • 1 1 1 1 1 > 1 1 l 1 t 1 1 i ' > i Is 2 «« 2: 'i— ® c 1 1 1 ” ■ 1 1 iJpd ! « ig 2*i« ' — ■dSS rt o5 ; > S- tx tXHH HH 2 5S.S£^5” o' = > j s J 1 ► CO 1 g !: i 2 © i >> \ o o d 1 st i • ■ £4 'u, it ®OI SI * i a : • . ■ © S_ ’ = c ! >> : o 2 ° « 0 X - > 05 1 :|; 1 1 1 © ? CM* %% 1 1 1 1 >> ; £jS 7Z co ~ '• ■ • i • i bD §A’ ~ J3 i 1 1 • 1 i 1 I 1 1 1 1 § j © ! > ' *3 CS s * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 ' ' C3 : *:■* c'Sg '* % 2 Sw 77906°— 38 - 10 See footnotes at end of table. Table 15.— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES:! NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Number of librarians in centralized libraries Total num¬ ber for school system Ob 1 ~ I CM • CO *h © CM «H -h CM omiHin^ ao « — • CM rH (M NHH rH r-t CM -H CM Elemen¬ tary and all high 9uip-?ra o © Elemen¬ tary r» CM © Q© - CM amp-iind 2 • !ooo j j j Total number of schools and number having centralized libraries All schools paAjag 2 a □ GO O c3 >-» Kankakee . . a >^^©3§3§®«H^®2=©2 Igo B<5PP«ot^ g^- co »o o> b- ^ ^ oo co oo *a t*- © oo : 12“ 'S? ! > Phillipsburg. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 145 Peekskill . See footnotes at end of table. Table 15— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES; NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 146 BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Number of librarians in centralized libraries Total num¬ ber for school system emiwxej •1 " J H^COHrttHNOO^ CS i-H omn-Iin,! cao w O -H .-t ,-H ,-H .'r Elemen¬ tary and all high omiwjrej w omu-IFij CD C* Senior or reg¬ ular high aratHiej N i - i - oraiHin^ D* QHHHHH ir ~ - Junior- senior high amu-Uej ffO i ° 9rai?-nnj W - i- Junior high only amiMJea; emiHPtf ® w Elemen¬ tary and junior high at ! • CD 03 - Elemen¬ tary and all high p9AJ9g 1 » - PWL | 2 - Senior or reg¬ ular high paAjag | 3 »CDOO*OCD City - New York— Continued. Pelham . . . . Plattsburg . Port Jervis . . Rockville Center... . Saratoga Springs . Tonawanda . . . . Valley Stream . North Carolina: Concord... . £ Oi xizt © < cS t .2 t HP a- alette v me _ - _ Goldsboro . Kinston . . Rocky Mount . . . . Salisbury . Shelby . . . . . Wilson . . North Dakota: Bismarck . . Minot . . . Ohio: Barberton . Bucyrus . . . Cambridge.. . . a> £2 a a C3 O' Chillicothe . . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 147 •^OONOONWOONOOCI >0*00 00 C* 00 H 00 O t-H (N o o o o — < o o o NWCO«»HPOr-lWrHH»OWWCO G»IOOCOOONOO»OOOOHS o j=i ® u Cl 0> ODO omij-unj s - - - o 'r. 3 O 043 9UII1-1IBJ eo N - - .2 "§ 3 ©43 9nnHP5 N N - CS ! - - - j- i Sh £ .2^>» 9UIU-1J9J W - -- o i ! i o fe 3^3 o araiHPLI O CS c a 3 © g Sjj PI 55 •= W> 9tnp-?J9)i o 55 rtj 2 *G M D-C gmii-nntf 2 o l • i a 2 >> 9mi?-?J9j r» 1 1 1 o • i o 8 «g s gmii-ipj 2 ! CS iO ° i * • i o 8 M o o ,G P9AI9P »D I cs 1 rH iWCOr- 1 cc 1 CO cs CO cc i cs 1 vH t CS CS CS CO In jg CO 3 M3 CO MJ to CC I CO »0 03 CO 00 OC i CO (N CC I 03 CO MD oo CS O 00 © 'S §1“ a s P9AJ9S CO o o c s g imL w o o be #3 o P9AJ9S 2 rH 1 r- - 1 c — - ca 43 H © uSS C/3 o PU0J, o - 1 c — - © 42 B © 043 •r+ #n bu p9AJ9g o> - - i - - - i i 3 3 •3 a c S®^ FUOj, GO - - i - - i i ■ i i i 3 03 C/3 2^3 >> Z2 hjjr— i P9AJ9S - - - c 1 CO O 43 o H.h C 3,c o p^oj, CD - - c I CO o «g ©I s.q p9AJ9g ID • • CS i i o 43 a M K. C .S r2 & PUOJ, CS • i CS i i CS o 3 '3 3 © >» P9AJ9S CD I o cs CS i 1 • ^ C i >c ! o © E-> a ■— 3 fuoj, CS (NM3COCO^NOM3^COOO^CO>OOM30M3 oc ) cc 1 CO o oc ^ City - Pennsylvania— Continued. finatesville Columbia •2 !! ;1 »c Diokson Donora _ _ _ _ Uormont TP. 0.. Pittsburgh! Dnnmoro _ _ > \C •■g II IW Farrell Franklin. 1 bj u !j t C Hanover ... . . . . . Haverford (P. 0., Llanerch) . _ Jeannette : c • c I w Latrobft _ _ _ _ Lebanon. Lewiston . _ McKees Rocks Monessen Mount Carmel. . . _ Mount Lebanon Munhall 1 Nanticoke . . . New Kensington. . . North Braddock (P. 0., Braddock) J PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 149 See footnotes at end of table. Table 15.— TOTAL SCHOOLS AND NUMBER HAVING CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES; NUMBER OF LIBRARIANS IN SCHOOLS SERVED BY CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, 1934-35— Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Total num¬ ber for school system eraii-'iJ'ej a* e* CM r-H CM co *o i O ^ emiHintf QO D* NHrlH r-H rH r-H CM rH ,-H tH CM r-H CM r-H rH CM Elemen¬ tary and all high d* - oraii-iPM CD « Senior or reg¬ ular high N - O r-H - 9raTWInA W - -- - - - - - Junior- senior high ennwrej; CO W - o ! ounviinj e* w - - - - - - i Junior high only eunwiej C* - - - CM 9un?-nn^ O w - CM o - - Elemen¬ tary and junior high a* gran-ipj GO Elemen¬ tary ouni-iinj r» * CO O r-H o -r amij-linj s j cm ! r-H O ! OO All schools p9AJ9g 50 CC .-H 10 r- H W WNOMH (-MiONN^W a COOOr-H *0 t>- O O OCONCO«3 Elemen¬ tary and all high p9AJ9g eo r - PUOJ, N - - Senior or reg¬ ular high p9AJ9g 3 - rH CM *H rH - - CM CM o - f-H CM r-H r-H - - (M CM -- - Junior- senior high p9AJ9g 05 - -• - - - - i l^OJ, GO - - - - j Junior high only p9AJ9g - HH CM - i- H (M - l^OJ, CD - CM - rH CM - Elemen¬ tary and junior high p9AJ9g - - - - Elemen¬ tary p9AJ9g - cm i oo cm CCHNH lO CO i>- I^OX N ^■^CDOO Cl C© 00 ^ O ^ ^ O rt< co co !>• City - Texas— Continued. Pamna c c \ a |c - c: ICC > u !| !e Texarkana Utah: Prnvn Vermont: Barr ft P c e! z i c ip: i h is IP: Virginia: C h arl ott.p.R v i 11 p ) > £ ■ ; > 5 P !p ta >- c !,c ■ a i « IPi Staunton 1 ia Washington: A hftriiftftri ! c !| i £ iff ! ; E !.S !e ; c It is !■£ ll : c °E IC a ! i: >(2 Vancouver . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 151 © CM ^ CO CM • »-« i • cm ©co i r— *-t NHH HOHHHCOHHHNINN rH : r j j i i | |° j j I i rH *-* *"• O T-l *-« j j : - S i i i • h : ; ; ; H tH .CM • • 1 1 1 i- i i r CM (N(N < CM i i i i • i i° i i- ~ i i° | i j j i i i i j i • ! !!!!!: i | i i- i *- i^wo j i ! CM O CO » © - t i i i G i 04 ! ! o o ' (NMO t}< ^ ^ CO CO CO *0 t>- —* Oi CM »-H NTf^OSCOCO^COiQNrHOl © 1 ; ; ; i-~ - --- - — - : i i i- i— - i i ; • i 1 — \~ i i i i | i • -- i- i i * CM CO 04 • CM i • i i i i j- j j" ^ i CM CO CM ! CM ! 1 .1 ii i iH 1 I CM »— 1 ii II i i i •- j - !l- ! ^ CO »-< CM CM ! CM COG© © 0*000 GO-HCOOOCHCOCSCOOOO Walla Walla... . 1 vv _ _ Yakima . isconsin : Appleton... . Beloit . . . . . . . Cudahy . . . Manitowoc . Marinette . . . Shorewood (P. 0. Milwaukee) . South Milwaukee . Two Rivers . . . . Watertown . . Waukesha. . . . Wausau . Wauwatosa . . Wyoming: D = 0 >> P 3 JS >» £ is d'-S oa.bc -c • fcJC M £ . .S3 ^OOt4fl CJO»_ g,ss ad: m ts£ a I88a2s||i §222d^88o MtMV-* ? o o '.2.2 « n o n r 5 Q C ® o25u5°3 3.2 cs cs a 1 1 ®.2.H®.2 3 .2 a >. N^MHhhcoh^ to m m to m oi « k'J oosoeoe®* '0'3'0T3’3'3'3'C.x 33333333^ 'o'o'cj'o’o'o'S’cl p a a a c£ 152 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 m S HH IQ S'? Q <3 1 o Ph 1-1 £o ^co #2 <1H PSO WH hh *^t-3 pt,0 OO wS Ph<3 w ^Ph -m mm W<1 t— i j 3° P3H PQffl HQ Q> wg Sw WWI HO £0 ww OO o” ? 3w §S m*P ?Q >h feO o« Fh tfg Wo «o ?W ^3 hh I H ■o © „ 1 ^ 1 rH ©00© CM 31 42 49 97 0 S32 © S o © © © © i l i i • i i i © i • © © is i iooqos q2jH © ** i CM © i— I © ©II©© rt< oo © t* © © © © CO 00 CO © CO 00 © © cm~ ^ co © cm oo 3 ^ co © ^jB}u8m0ia _-> © co © go co © © © © © o © © CO © 00 CM “cO^H 1 O^CON © ©>.2" iaoo«SS«®2® « =3.2 © G > o S'S § iS^hlOwm £P) ©Ph.2wPhO£m "3 "S ~ n ,2 l5 - 3 3 5 a £ PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 153 :8 3 £ 3 38 3M S3 : ; s 33 13 35 32 26 70 385 39 15 oo sssssss 2 12 2 14 282 : | CO O i° S ! i i i oo ! : : o !o t ! -h i M : : : : : : : : : i : : i ! CO O to t t : : : t : t : | i ! — i lO ^ CO 04. w 1-1 g° m ><% 2 PhQ gw gw WO oo l§ Mg Si cd W Ph j>i gS QH Wi> gW Hg Og Q«) ^ w QO gg Pm COfD W£ S Sg w£ o « r ^ o° °w PdH w£ wo PH I.H CO (X, O Ph O 8 8 o m s £ o Ph £> O Ph o Classroom col¬ lections only P*WL -1 05 * • 23 35 51 45 o »o 00 M CO CO i tooqos qSiH O e* oooo ! i l l < 1 CC 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 yC-injnomeia a 05 • ^ 1 COIO^HIO II CM CO »0 ^ « C i O to CM N CO CO Centralized libraries Unit of control I^OJ, oo rf< cm co co oo co ^ cm CM CM ^f(NeOH WrH pjBoq Jeq?o r» oooo ! | spjnoq Ajnjqiioqqnd pun tooqos uoipjmqmoQ o 00 oooo ! pjnoq XJBjqipiiqnj ‘ft o oooo ! pieoq iooqog co cm co oo oo co r^Tt< cm 1-H CM CM CO CO Type of library P3?OJ, eo ^ CM CO OO OO CO CM CM CM Tt< CM CO rH CO*-« oxjqnd oq? o? uodo ion saijnjqn tooqos CM ’-H CM COOQOOCO 1-H^ *>-CM CM CM ^ c3 CO *-H »-< oqqnd eqi o? nodo'saTJ'Bjqn tooqos = CO oooo !« o oqqnd qotmjg o o oooo ! o ! i • i l l oqqnj OOOO CO o » CO 1 Number of volumes added in 1934-35 P3?oj, G© 3, 143 CO 05 00 CM co *o 05 t>« o 00 oooT»o co 5, 209 4, 068 478 qSiq 11^ pun Xj'B^nauioia r* 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 till qSiq jcjnSaj jo joiues CO 3,241 2, 545 1, 343 2,912 1, 354 2,538 478 q3iq Joiues- JOiunjc ‘ft 2,368 605 1,084 • t i Apio q3iq JOiunf - 3, 143 00 co co 00 Tf 05 ^ lO GO CM r-T CM 3,055 1,116 qSiq joi -unf pun ^jn^uomeia eo ii§£ i 1 l 1 l 1 i 1 • i i i ^an?n9ra9ia w 4,707 1,435 1, 273 800 414 City - i\ *A £i 1* r t a 5 a..-8 3 SI : | > ;jjj£ £ Texas: Dallas . Fort Worth . Houston . San Antonio . Virginia: Norfolk . Richmond . Washington: Spokane . Tacoma . Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 155 See footnotes at end of table. Table 16 —NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, TYPE OF LIBRARY, UNIT OF ADMINIS¬ TRATIVE CONTROL, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS ONLY, 1934-35— Con. Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued 156 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 a ° u JJ unoj, w oooujuj i—ioo ■ © looqos qStH AjR?nonioia t-C-guO o 'i' i-i o> eo c* os ■*< «© co q3iq qs puB AJB^aeraoig qSiq jB[n39J jo joiueg q3iq jomes-joinnf Apio q3jq loiunf q3iq joi -an? pnB AJB?a9ra9ia AJB}U9UI9ig N ^ioo>o ONOOO +3 O Jr? q © ^3 £ 53 « o ® 3 © W'ih .SSwM^Eh rtOOQfl3?-Sh3 rs js g cs a a M % Pittsfield PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 157 IHTfH O O fcO ’-H CO IN I00005H(N ONOOOHOOi O O w I o CO I lOXHTfH O fcO IH HO) > O t- I C* »-H 3 cri sat* Boll See footnotes at end of table. Table 16.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, TYPE OF LIBRARY, UNIT OF ADMINIS¬ TRATIVE CONTROL, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS ONLY, 1934-35— Con. Grouf II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued 158 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Classroom c>l- lections only J D* CO iO O O h OOOh OiNOCCCOOOO^ T looqos q3iu O ' O O o o ooc? o o o o o AJB}UOUI0[a a. OSNCGOH MiOOOH OOOh ONOCOMOOO^ Centralized libraries Unit of control ao J-H 05 j* CO 05 pjBoq aaqio - o o o ! o : oo o ! spjBoq AjRjqnoiiqnd pun {ooqos uoi^Buiqmoo s o o o o ! co ^ o o o ! pjBoq AJBjqxioiiqnj o o o ^ o ^ O OOO o ! pjeoq fooqos 3 r— < HCOO 1 00 H CO Ol y— « 1 r-H T-t CO CO CO ^ ^ Type of library lR?ox eo m a jh co » •<*' tc co es to o to oo co ■<*< oqqnd eqi o? uado }oii souBaqfi looqos w CO 'C’tOW 1 O OOO o oi[qn» O - New York— Continued. Niagara Falls . . Rome . . . || \s 1 >d- j| North Carolina: Asheville . . Charlotte : j > & II >C • P i'c i fl > p i : £ fe Ohio: Cleveland Heights . Lakewood . . . Lima j'r in Mansfield it t !5z Norwood.. . . Portsmouth _ _ _ finrinvfield | !« Warren . . . . Zanesville— . . . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 159 O CM CM CO C 0 05 ICO O • O I 0-0 o (NCO COO i CO 05 CM - o QC ~r r-i CM 3.500 807 775 823 570 500 263 1.500 3, 208 100 *0 CM 05 CO i § CM C3 C< h c/3 rn co \ c3T £ logs ^ ^ 72 H N ^ a> a cs cs - s a^©3-2 «9 o i W NOOOOO COO oo 00(00 ^ t^*ooot>. i jooqos qSiH o ooo ! oo o oo Aacqueraoig; 05 0*00000 COO 00 0. t>- e* ^ 05 t-» c* f-t t>. 475 1, 326 2,000 1,500 200 742 1,067 100 183 2, 840 630 968 q§iq lie pue Aaequgmeia r» 1 »o • *o i I I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 o qSiq jBjnSgj jo joiuog <© O O O 00 00 IQ CO 05*0*0 05 0 ^ CO (NO TH» CO H C* 05 OO 0 400 $ 05 q2jq joi -unf pue Aaequomoig; co is o AJBquemoia w *0 l O O r-H to jO-O* CO 5 ICO ooo ICO ooo 1*0 0*0 04 ! o* f-T 1 1 § 100 0 2, 440 City - Alabama: Bessemer _ Decatur . . Dothan . Gadsden Selma. . Tuscaloosa . . Arkansas: Blvtheville fcj H p CG ' O W Jonesboro 1 Pine Bluff . Texarkana _ California: Beverlv Hills _ 1 n cc I ' tJ a p m Eureka. .1 Fullerton 1 Insrlewood _ .... Modesto _ Monrovia . Ontario Palo Alto _ Pomona . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES nonowno cooooocoo 22^ OCBO 161 : : ■ o o >oo : : : : NONOWNO C3 00 00M*© ICM^O^OOOOO^O Oie^lO Ito MON'H'MNOSN : : : : COOHOWMWMO »C N i-i <£> T«rtHNrtrtlOOH^H ill* : : : : : : : : ! : : : : : i i i< i i i iiiini liiiiii : i : : !jlij iiiiii : ; : : : : ■ s : ! : : : : :< : : : : : : : 5 i ; ; :- i i i i i : : : in N®«5NMM«e U3MHCH ^ fH N . : : i : : : : ; ! : : : i i ! r r : : : : See footnotes at end of table. Table 16.— NUMBER OF VOLUMES ADDED TO CENTRALIZED LIBRARIES, TYPE OF LIBRARY, UNIT OF ADMINIS¬ TRATIVE CONTROL, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOLS SERVED BY CLASSROOM COLLECTIONS ONLY, 1934-35— Con. GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 162 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 1934-36 Classroom col¬ lections only | 1 O O NO OOSWtHN lONNiO , t tooqos q2iH o e* oo o o OO rH O Aj^uomeig o O NO iQNHiO Centralized libraries Unit of control QO - »o HO 1 100 423 qSiq jot -ant puB AJB^u’amoia eo 1 • - »o ' ^ o cocqO • ^ co K co o ' ' *— < » o C* O • I^ONO^ONIOO NOO^OOOOO • CD OrHN Ol IOINNIOCN COWCOrHOO HHHNN OCOOO'fOOCOOf' - * COOC (NC( See footnotes at end of table. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 164 £ 5 S'? Qii *< CO p4 Pm£ tfo PQS hh r? ho &W od Ph^ qqO HPh «CQ P^co P5 pqO 3^ CQ q” hQ NH sg ga §1 °8 OW HO Q° CP ccS p|2J OhP rtP Ph g« i w L> CO l-H hH H C 3^ Pm P o « O Classroom col¬ lections only mojj D* »OCD lOOO^NH^^ (Nr rH • i-H HNH l 1 1 1 t 1 1 • 1 H i 00 ICO 1 HJI 1 CO 00 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t looqos q3iH o w ll 1 1 1 1 1 l rH i 1 O • O l O i i i i II l 1 till II i 1 till ii i i i i i i till 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 jCi^ueraeig; a 'OOO^lNHTfrJi ! t>» r rH 1 r-H H«H l l 1 1 1 1 1 till H too 1 O* 1 ^ i CO 00 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 Centralized libraries Unit of control mojj CO HHXHHCOHH^HCOHt OHHH IhNhhNW 1 1 1 pinoq aoq?o r» 1 1 1 l l l i l i i i O » 1 • . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i O • i i i i i i i II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 spanoq ^jnjqqoqqnd pun tooqos uojinuiqmoQ CD 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O • ii i i i i i i i i 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . . Ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 i i O i i i i i i i i II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pinoq iSxBjqxioijqnj ID 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O i i i i i i i i i i i ^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ^ i o 1 1 1 1 « 1 • rH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 pinoq [ooqog HHOOHHCOHHNHCOHC SHHH lHC*HHNO* Type of library e* HHOOHHCOHHWHWHt OHHH IrH C* H H C* CO oqqnd oqj o? uedo jou saiiniqii iooqog HHOOHHWHHNHCOH( Mh h h IhWhhNh oqqnd eqj o; U9do’s9ijnjqi[ iooqog - O • • i i i • i O i i ii i i i i i i i i i i o i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i ii i i i i i i i i ojiqnd qounig o O i i » » i i i O i i • 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II i i O i i ■ ■ i i i c* onqnj 05 O i i i i i i i o 1 i i O i i • i i • • i Number of volumes added in 1934-35 moj. CO O rH CO O O IwONO ! ONWOO |00 IOO too • '© to 1 to CO to i to UOt» OOOOOOOCO 1 CO tC ->»■ ' CM 05 ■<* 05 t~ © CO CD tf > H N CO co cm i— in imh-cuo oo cm -*< !ee footnotes at end of table. 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 m 5 § <3 co ^5! Ph M2 tfO 5h HO r W c>3 w§ c o cqO Pn«2 pqO hH l wQ tsiW o offi HO A A Ph <3 A PP w S£ Oq og A 04 WH §£ So H ^ 3 pp « Lj <1 ^ o ud ^ 0 s' w£ 0 O H o °d a 0 o~ (N 00 no* >0 0 INNOC1HI lB?ox CO ©5‘Ei’§ti.d:S3Ht3§ &c'E IS O Opg ©53 ®P3 O o ® c3 O m © !_ <3 £ fl c5 HU& ntf ^BOOQMiJfctf ^OOW^ O © © COrH^O CXN^OOOHOtPOINiOCO ii-HOO o !©© < © Tf< 'GO>ON © T-H 00 « ^ ^ ' 1 © © © CO ~t< © © © 00(N^OOO^©rtooNN>no>o i jooqos qSiH §3 ! ! o © o ® o o .-I loo© ! : : : : : : : : o© ! jt-rejueoieia; as i i ; Unit of control mojj oo ^OWNNHHNHHN»OHlOHtONH O CD p.reoq jeq?o 5 ; ; :© ; O O • ' » O ' • • ' • spieoq AjBiqq oqqnd pus jooqos uoiicmqmoo CD j ! i° j i i ! i o© : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : piB oq 6 JBjqq oqqn <1 S ! ! ! o ' j j ; : iii i i i i i O O ' 1 1 0 ' ' « ' I IS; ; : ; ; ; : i pmoq [ooqog S too Type of library 2 oqqnd sqi o* uedo jou seuBjqq looqog 2 ■f»INNNHHOHHMlO llOHlONrt to j oqqnd eqi o? nado'souBjqq [ooqos 2 ! ! ! o • i!i s ©w ! ! !©^h ! !_■ ! : : : : : : : : : : : : oqqnd qousig; II n ©o !!!©!! : : : : : : : : iii : : : ; ; oqqnj - : : : : : ! : : ©©!'!©' : : : : : : : : : : : iii : : ; ; Number of volumes added in 1934-35 pnoj, QO gglll§§l§S§filsll§ 11 ■H q3tq qB pun AjBiueraoia; r- ::::::::::::: ::::::::::::: i : : : : : : iii ! 1 : i q2iq jBjnSoi jo joiueg CD Sis ig§s§§§ |8 i 1 • III in : : 1 i i i qSiq joiues-jomnx •ft S iai i i no i i S i i i i i is jll iii i 3 i IS ii : : : : : : A[uo q3jq JOiunf § p : ic* : :® : : ;£o ;s-;; i is i i i ii i ii q2iq jox -unt pus AiBiueraeia eo : ; : : : : ! : : : ! i i ! i ::::::: :::::::: :::::::: i i : i i i i : : : : : : i : : : : : : AjBjueuieia; ft? 38 i i i : i i i i i i is i i i i i f i ii i i i 200 400 Elizabeth City. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 169 I ion ■ ©50 «eq 00 00t>»© 50 rH 00 »-« CO rH (M 50 iCOHHOOH i i-» O* i W W N © C» h N W i CN 00 CO © i— I 00 O^ti lO I o O O ' o o O O I I I o o O 50 CO «XOH "© OOOOOOrfUONOnO>OI ■ O *Q*OOO»O©HO©00cOH< 1-H Or^(NiOCOHN©W^«H. © 05 © © IHC © © 00 40 I 00 c © © 00 © » © < © © cq OXrti© N^NfH © I © © © I © © © » cq cq 00 © © © 8S SS 8£ «-l >o $5 >» , - <-> . > m ° >> S >» ° ;2§ ^ . . tag SSaS? SPh >' - $* ® s If o fl rj al I C §»« Swm Z M See footnotes at end of table. 170 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 50 51 <3 co W ;£ <% WO 2h PO r H Wp 03 wg P° gS Ho gqO W« >-*w Km wo pqO PQ fiQ wg sj W gw Ph02 ^ W Ho Oo o w ^8 @o °W « p HP ><3 W j* °2 W§ wg So PO gw «- p s ° © S3 3 o ® o~ N (O C4 I' (M >0 ICOCICO.— {-*fOOeO''J'‘OeO i tJ« OOO lCjB?U9UI9ia pqox 2 pjBoq J9q?o £ spjBoq AjBjqq oqqnd pnB looqos nonBniqraoo pjBoq /L JBjqn ojiqnj 2 pjBoq iooqog 2 O CM T- CM *0 I CD(NO H^CXJCOW lOCO I ^ OOO WNMCOHWHNHHIONCSWHHWHM «H0*0 -* CO 1-H r-H OJ sss CM CO Ct s g J § S ® © § © £ p £ ofigcJ >'2ih2® >*50Sg0 wHSS^oCOWoflfcTSo'm ^ 5.^0 > © T3 ^ « On ^3 •— « -P rj (ij M 2 P r-« rt P- ssi 2 1? g-SS 3 S3.S.S 3 §1 s| § si|l s c«^«00>OC [00*0^^000 ' CO O « CO o* »o c* o CO 00 i ^ 00 » CO O O »0 ^ • ; 040 : i ° i i i° j IIII 1 » • 'CSOOO IIII i i ° j oo Oi-H i i i o i ° i j o O i-Hi-i OS 'f ! 1 I'C I SC !1 ! | \i Tennessee: Johnson City . Kingsport . Texas: Abilene . Brownwood . Cleburne . Cnrnns fJhrist.i !c Denison . Harlingen . Lubbock Palestine . Pampa . San Benito . Temple . . . i ©xarKana Utah: Provo . PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 173 174 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-36 Q £ <1 W 2 o o g p o w o Ph p o m O H m < Q W H w P o S£ s Q £ CO C5 ^ Sg mH § jx i OH Wo Si OPh ^Ph co P HPh p H 3 w Ph X! w Q £ <1 H 2 o o £ P d> erg r-ri « Isl pq J2§2 o &,£ P H 2 2-2 o « 2 2 23S pt< ©d i§s« £■213 3 s&ssa Ijdfesr S' I sr a I 111^ §1 1 I 2 S5 - s-as «- £ s a SI -'co 1 g§ CO §2§S So « CH Sllsi 1 llss (NCO'C* 11111 5 s S3 $53 sses ****=£ sag i i H 5 sliS 1 ^ efN'oow t~* 1 I Isle S3 “ S’ “ sis 1 i ills: 00 -* 00* gills f|=£5S 1 III! mill! S”8fS 3 3 3 “ 1 5 i io r>T is Sll ill! IS I a E 3 g? -' o' ooTco'-' o'tC co* o> o' o* _|I5gi _ lliillliilllill iSiS = PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 175 II SI I sllll silS 1SI1SS3 5 aplis 2 § IS1I ss g'sf s' “•‘as'Sa ssg's'a ss'Ss'sss'a a “'s'gsa s' a s'g'ss 399 1,926 186 117 3, 065 5, 890 1,072 164 1 Is* | 1 IS 2, 500 1 S3 ig 3 is a § Is | 80 301 3,592 i _T S is Si i Hill s ss as s' "'s'a's's s 53, 516 21, 084 11,629 24, 460 115,615 26, 600 19,371 11,464 16, 754 12, 764 6,497 §51 1 1 Si s'-'-' s s ss »0 MM S3 2” 14, 400 5,615 362 1,795 ill 432 2, 500 107 116 1,987 7,693 3,920 104 629 907 637 400 g 864 2,015 578 § g 8, 000 1,039 857 1 425 207 2, 830 O »Q IS SSIISS -r «N >4r^ jc I IS ills i » ho jefuseo j 1, 139 4, 440 2, 000 3, 370 is ii iNoi i i i i i i i i i i i III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 001 r i i | OO CO 1 1 o CO » > ' ' 1 1 1 ' 1 O 1 ' ' T}* 1 1 C4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III II | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 III II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ III • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • III 8|3 gg lig|§ Islsli r-r n? r-T §11331 1 I g3§§§l3§gggSS5§£aS£§ T to : : i : : ! : : ! : i 091 96 Eggs is i is 8 s isssfe isss iss^s : i “"III | | | I N i i i g : : ; ~ ; : i i i i i §i^S g* iiiii!!!§gisiiis“!ig|giiiiiiiii i ill i i§§s si rt'rH sillllSIlgllllsgllllllSSllllllli ill g 1111 HI ^eoer*r*HrHci‘or ci^eo^V^'-rrjr^' eocfcTef mV ~«o cf -Tc* r4WcW ioc* ii ; j j : i ! : || j j II HI 0 150 mu i» i ill i 1 Ii *! IIIII 1 8i i i 1 © 20 200 i i : : i i ; j ; : || ; : : : ; j iii j j j ! o ! ; : i i i i i i ii i i iiiii ii ; : : : : : : i | j is i 11111 iiiii : : : : : : : : : • : : : : : © : : : i 1 1 i i i j i ! i : : 1,067 : i : : ill 1 o i : I : : mil iiiii j j j ) i i : : : || Pill Iii: i i i j i i i : ; i§i ! ! ! : : : i i ! j 1 j : : | | i i 1 ! i ! !© ! i i ; ] Hill iiiii i i 1 j i 1 | j : i : : : iii! i ii i : i i i i ; i i o ! ! i i i i i i i i g|gllilSI8111§ss|glli==§lllII8ll SIS I 1IS1 Si H«nV HNN N(NN« Cfco i-l* CO of n«“ IS ~ See footnotes at end of table. Table 17 — INCOME AND EXPENDITURES FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES, DISTRIBUTED AS TO SOURCE OF INCOME AND PURPOSE OF EXPENDITURE, 1934-35 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued 1934-36 190 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 191 APPENDIX (Form used in collecting data) United States Department of the Interior Office of Education WASHINGTON To the Superintendent of Schools: Our library statistics for 1929 showed that the number of school libraries of 3,000 or more volumes increased 100 percent from 1923 to 1929. It is again time to collect data on the school library so that educators may judge how effectively this institution is supplementing the work of the school. For 1934-35 we are attempting to collect information on school libraries of all sizes, not by individual schools but by totals for all those schools under the administration of each superintendent. We will greatly appreciate your filling in the information called for below. You may use the enclosed envelope, which requires no postage, in returning the blank. Cordially yours, Bess Goodykoontz, Assistant Commissioner of Education. Enclosure. Report made for - - — - — — — - y - - - — — - - (City or county) (State) By - (Name) (Official title) School Library Statistics for School Year 1934-35 1. Give number of schools, number of pupils, and number of librarians: Type of School Number of Schools Enrollment Number of Librarians Total Having centralized libraries Total Served by centralized libraries Full¬ time Part- time Elementary school only.. Elementary and junior high school only Junior high school only Junior-senior high school Senior or regular high school only Elementary and all hieh school Total foe School System.. _ 193 194 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 2. Give number of centralized libraries of various sizes, and number of volumes added in 1934-35: Type of school Number of libraries of various sizes (in volumes) 1 Number of vol¬ umes added in 1934-35 i Under 500 500 to 999 1,000 to 2, 999 3,000 to 4, 999 5,000 to 9,999 10,000 or more Elementary school only... _ _ Elementary and junior high school only.... Junior high school only . . . . Junior-senior high school . . . . Senior or regular high school only . . Elementary and all high school . . Total for School System . 3. Give number of schools, NOT having centralized libraries, that have class¬ room collections ONLY: Number a. Number of elementary schools having classroom collections only. b. Number of high schools 2 having classroom collections only _ 4. How many of the libraries reported in item 2 are: a. Public libraries _ b. Branch public libraries _ c. School libraries open to the public _ d. School libraries not open to the public _ 5. How many of the libraries reported in item 2 are: a. Controlled by the school board _ b. Controlled by public library board _ c. Controlled b\r a combination of school and public library boards. d. Controlled by some other board (specify) _ 6. Income for school libraries for school year 1934r-35: Source of income Amount From local school funds.. . . . . . . . . $ . From county funds _ _ _ _ _ From State school or library funds . . . . . . . . . From public library funds _ _ _ _ Other sources.. . . . . . . Total Income . . . . . . . . . 7. Expenditures for school libraries for school year 1934-35: Item of expenditure Amount For books and pamphlets ..... _ _ _ _ $ _ _ For periodicals _ .. . . _ For binding and rebinding. . _ _ _ _ _ For salaries . . . .... _ _ _ For equipment . . . . . . . . For other purposes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total Expenditures _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * A volume is a printed work bound in stiff covers so as to stand on a shelf; also an unbound book of over 100 pages, or an unbound book of less than 100 pages if cataloged, accessioned, and treated as a volume in all respects.— A. L. A. definition. * Including junior high schools. PUBLIC-SCHOOL LIBRARIES 195 List of Other Publications of the Office of Education Containing Statistics on School Libraries Commissioner of education. Annual reports, 1870 to 1886-87; 1892-93; 1895- 96; 1899-1900; 1903. 21 v. Data for school libraries are contained in the tables for libraries in the following annual reports: 1870, Table XVII; 1871, Table XIV; 1872, Table XIV; 1873, Tables XV and XVI; 1874, Tables XVI and XVII; 1875, Table XVI; 1876, Table XVI; 1877, Table XVI; 1878, Table XVI; 1879, Table XVI; 1880, Table XVI; 1881, Table XVI; 1882-83, Table XVI; 1883-84, Table XVI; 1884-85, Table XVI (Reprinted with additions, 1886); 1885-86, Table 88; 1886-87, Tables 101 and 102; 1892-93, V. I, Table, p. 756-63; 1895-96. V. I, Table, p. 370-521 (Reprinted 1897); 1899-1900, V. I, Table p. 946-1165. (Reprinted 1901 and 1903); 1903, V. I, Table p. 780-1017 (Reprinted 1904). General statistics of all public libraries in the United States. In Public libraries in the United States of America. Special report, Chap. XXXIX, p. 1110- 1174. 1876. Statistics of public libraries in the United States and Canada [1891]. Weston Flint. Circular of information, 1893, No. 7. 213 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1908. Bulletin 1909, No. 5. 214 p. Public, society, and school libraries [19131. Bulletin 1915, No. 25. 257 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1923. Bulletin 1926, No. 9. 179 p. Statistics of public, society, and school libraries, 1929. Bulletin 1930, No. 37. 365 p. Biennial survey of education, 1916-18. Vol. 4. In its Statistics of public high schools, 1917-18, Chap. II, p. 185-187 (Bulletin 1919, No. 91). Biennial surveys for succeeding years containing library data in their statistical reports of public high schools follow: 1920-22, Vol. 2, Chap. VT, Table 1, p. 534 (Bulletin 1924, No. 14); 1922-24, Chap XXIV, Table 1, p. 800 (Bulletin 1926, No. 23); 1924-26, Chap. XXIII, p. 1046-47 (Bulletin 1928, No. 25) ; 1926-28, Chap. XXIV. Table 57, p. 1055 (Bulletin 1930, No. 16); 1928-30, Vol. II, Chap. VI, p. 695 (Bulletin 1931, No. 20); 1932-34, Chap. V, p. 15. (Bulletin 1935, No. 2). O . UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : J. W. STUDEBAKER COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN being Chapter VI of Volume II of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1934-36 BULLETIN , 1937, No . 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] PREPARED BY EMERY M. FOSTER Chief, Division of Statistics ELISE H. MARTENS Senior Specialist in the Education of Exceptional Children With the collaboration of other staff members as shown in footnotes UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1938 Price 20 centa For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Waskineton. D. C. CONTENTS Page General summary of data _ 1 Special supervision in city school systems _ 5 Administration of residential schools _ 7 TABLES No. 1. Historical summary of statistics reported for special schools and classes in city school systems _ 2 2. Summary of statistics reported for public and private residential schools for exceptional children, with historical data for the blind and the deaf _ 4 3. Enrollment reported by public day schools and classes for exceptional children and number of cities and States reporting, 1935-36. A. Not including data on cities reporting fewer than five children in a given group _ 6 B. Including data on home or hospital pupils and on cities report¬ ing fewer than five children in a given group _ 6 4. Summary for the United States for public and private residential schools for exceptional children, and for special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 10 5. Total enrollment of pupils in public and private residential schools for exceptional children and in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 12 6. Total number of teachers of exceptional children in public and private residential schools, and in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 14 7. Data on special supervisors and principals giving half or more than half time to supervisory or administrative duties for exceptional children in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 16 8. Enrollment in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 21 9. Number of teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 23 10. Expenditures for salaries for teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 25 11. Summary of enrollment of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36, by cities and types of children _ 27 12. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Blind and Partially Seeing children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 46 13. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 52 m IV CONTENTS No. Page 14. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Mentally Deficient children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 59 15. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Truants or Disciplinary cases in special schools and classes in city school sys¬ tems, 1935-36 _ 82 16. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Delicate children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36_ 86 17. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Crippled children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36_ 94 18. Personnel and finance for Speech-Defective children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 105 19. Personnel, finance, and instructional organization for Mentally Gifted children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1935-36 _ 108 20. Enrollment in public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 109 21. Number of teachers in public and private residential schools for ex¬ ceptional children, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 110 22. Receipts of public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 111 23. Expenditures for instruction (teachers’ salaries, books, etc.) in public and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1935-36, by States and types of children _ 113 24. Public and private residential schools for the Blind, 1935-36: A. Institutional data _ 115 B. Educational data _ 122 25. Public and private residential schools for the Deaf, 1935-36: A. Institutional data _ 128 B. Educational data _ 136 26. Public and private residential schools for Mentally Deficient and Epileptics, 1935-36: A. Institutional data _ 144 B. Educational data _ 153 27. Public and private residential schools for Delinquent children, 1935-36: A. Institutional data _ 164 B. Pupil data _ 173 CHAPTER VI STATISTICS OF SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 1 GENERAL SUMMARY OF DATA For the past decade the Office of Education has periodically compiled statistics dealing with special schools and classes for exceptional chil¬ dren. During that time the importance of adjusting instructional procedures to meet the needs of individual boys and girls has been increasingly stressed in the general philosophy of education. Inherent in this development has been the growth of special facilities for pupils whose mental or physical condition demands something different from the ordinary school curriculum. Residential schools have for many years taken care of extreme cases, and these they are continuing to serve, in many States with expanding facilities and enriched oppor¬ tunities for the students enrolled. City schools, too, show a consist¬ ent growth in the extent of the program, even the depression failing to stem to any serious degree the advances that have been made. Table 1 presents an aggregation of the statistics for city school systems, dating back for some groups to 1922 and for others to 1930 or 1932. The regularity with which city statistics in this field are now being gathered by the Office of Education (i. e., every 2 years), the consequent growing familiarity of city school officials with the items on which data are requested, and the refinements of technique developed in the attempt to make the returns as nearly complete as possible have no doubt had some bearing upon the increased num¬ bers of pupils reported in special schools and classes in recent years. Yet, obviously these factors alone cannot account for the change that has taken place from one period of report to the next. Exceptional children have become a recognized element in the city school system as well as in the residential school, and suitable provision for them has become a responsibility recognized by an increasing number of school officials. The only two groups fisted in table 1 for whom the data reported fail to show an increase in special class enrollment since 1934 are the socially maladjusted (behavior problems) and gifted children. With reference to the former, emphasis has shifted to the child guidance clinic as the medium of treatment to such a marked extent that it is not sur¬ prising to find a material decrease in provisions made through special day schools and classes. The education of gifted children has always constituted a subject for debate, with a rather definite difference of opinion as to the effect of membership in a special class upon their 1 Statistical work done by Rose Marie Smith and Mary M. Willhoite, statistical clerks. All statistical data are for the year 1936-36, unless otherwise specified. 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 Table 1.— HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF STATISTICS REPORTED FOR SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1 [Note. — All data given below are from statistical reports compiled by the Office of Education] Year Number of States Number of city systems reporting special schools or classes Number of pupils en¬ rolled 1 2 3 4 1. BLIND AND PARTIALLY SEEING CHILDREN 1922 . . 12 44 (2) 4,465 5, 308 6,133 7,251 1927 . 18 80 1932.. . . . . . 20 95 1934 _ _ 23 119 1936 . . . . . . . . . . 27 161 2. DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING CHILDREN 1922 _ 16 74 2,911 3,515 4,434 6,365 9,318 1927 _ * 22 83 1932 . 24 116 1934 . . . . . . . 25 133 1936.. . . . 31 168 3. MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN 1922 . 23 133 23, 252 51, 814 75, 099 84,458 99, 621 1927 . . . 32 218 1932 . 39 483 1934 . 39 426 1936 _ _ 43 643 4. SOCIALLY MALADJUSTED CHILDREN 3 (Truants or disciplinary cases) 1930 . 20 44 9, 543 14,354 14, 520 1932 . . . 24 58 1934 . 24 66 1936 . . . . . . . 20 45 12, 653 5. DELICATE CHILDREN 3 (Anaemic, tuberculous, and cardiac cases) 1930 . . 27 81 19, 153 1932 . 28 135 24, 020 1934 . . . 31 138 22, 962 1936. . . . . . 30 150 23, 517 6. CRIPPLED CHILDREN * 1930 _ _ _ _ _ 22 81 13, 120 1932... . . . . . 24 145 16, 166 1934 . 25 229 17, 725 1936 . . . . 30 301 24,865 7. SPEECH-DEFECTIVE CHILDREN 4 1932... . . . . . (2) (2) 1934 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 109 1936 . . 22 123 » 22, 735+ 52, 153 116, 770 8. GIFTED CHILDREN* 1932 _ _ _ _ (2) 11 (2) 1934 . . . . . 17 1936— .. . 9 14 * 1, 834+ 3, 834 3,009 i Including home and hospital instruction. 2 Data not available. 3 Data previous to 1930 not available. 4 Data previous to 1932 not available. 8 Data not complete. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 3 social adjustment. Many fine things are being done for this group without separate organizations for their instruction. Delicate children in special classes, while numbering more than in 1934, are fewer than in 1932. With this group, also, some discussion has arisen regarding the wisdom of segregation (except for extreme cases) in so-called “open-window” or other type of special class. Undernourished or anaemic children are quite frequently found in regular classes, with an adjustment of the daily program made to fit their needs. This arrangement would, of course, have a definite effect upon the trend of enrollment in special educational groups. Table 2 presents for residential schools a summary comparable for two groups (the blind and the deaf) to that given in table 1 for city school systems. These residential schools have had a much longer history than day classes and were established to care for the obvious cases of disability. Practically every State in the Union has made such provision within its own borders or makes arrangements for service within a neighboring State.* 2 While the school populations have grown in these institutions, they do not show the marked increases that prevail in some types of day schools, since they represent selected groups of extreme handicaps, which have always demanded attention. Moreover, the persistent efforts made through medical science and research to reduce the incidence of blindness and deafness should show results in the institutional population of these groups. Of course, it is recognized that, even though progress has been made, particularly in the field of safeguarding sight, many children have been without the help of the residential school who were in need of it. The increase in the figures, as given in table 2 for the blind and the deaf, shows that a growing number of cases has been reached since 1922. Historical data for residential schools for the mentally deficient 3 and the delinquent 4 are not included in table 2 because of the lack of comparable figures for previous years. The institutional popula¬ tion as a whole could, of course, be given on the basis of statistics compiled by the Bureau of the Census. Such a report would, how¬ ever, be a mere duplication of data. It is rather the purpose of the studies pursued by the Office of Education to restrict the data gathered to those dealing with the educational programs in these institutions. Accurate information of this type is not easy to secure. Institutions for the delinquent have a constantly changing population and there¬ fore find it difficult to submit data which represent stable conditions for the year. Institutions for the mentally deficient serve adults as * The States which have no State-supported residential institutions for the deaf and the blind within their own borders are as follows: For the deaf, Delaware, Nevada, New Hampshire, and Wyoming; for the blind, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Nevada, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wyoming. 3 Every State except Arizona, Arkansas, and Nevada has a publicly supported residential institution for the mentally deficient. From one of these (Arkansas) data are reported from a small private school. 4 One or more residential schools for delinquents exist in every State of the Union. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 well as children, and many of the former are enrolled for one period or more per week in some type of educational activity. It is thus not a simple matter to separate adults from children in reporting the educational program. Moreover, “educational” or “school” work means to some institutional officials any activity in which the inmate engages which serves to develop his potentialities, whether carried on in the classroom, the kitchen, or the institution grounds. Hence the “number enrolled in school work” is open to varied interpretations, although precautionary measures were taken in the attempt to secure a uniform type of report. The figures given for 1935-36 in table 2 and elsewhere in this report represent, it is believed, the most careful analysis of the problem that has been made to date. Table 2.— SUMMARY OF STATISTICS FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN, WITH HISTORICAL DATA FOR THE BLIND AND THE DEAF [Note.— All data given below are from statistical reports compiled by the Office of Education] Year by type Number of States » Number of schools 1 * 3 Number of pupils enrolled 1 2 3 4 Blind: 1922 39 48 4,634 5, 245 5, 530 5,851 11, 417 13. 928 1927 .......... ... ........ 41 51 1931 _. 41 55 1936 . 41 55 Deaf: 1922 . 43 75 1927 _. ... . ....... _ 44 76 1931 _ 45 83 14, 854 15, 366 1936 . . . . . 45 4 79 Mentally deficient— 1936 4 . 47 130 « 21, 889 Delinquent— 1936 4 . 49 154 31, 174 Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii: Blind — 1936. _ _ _ 1 20 bpftf— 1936 1 76 Philippine Islands: Blind- 1927 1 21 193R 4 140 Deaf— 1927 1 101 193fi 1 4 140 Puerto Rico: Blind- 1922 .. . 1 32 1927 ... . _ 1 38 1936 . . . 1 50 Deaf— 1922 . 1 37 1927 1 38 1931 _. __ _ 1 36 193fi ... _ 1 63 Delinquent— 1936 . . . . 1 244 Total number of children (all types), 1935-36: Continental United States . . . . . — . — 74,280 Outlying parts.. . . . 593 i Including District of Columbia. 1 If departments for Negroes were reported in 1936 as separate schools, they are so treated in this column. Figures for years previous to 1936 were adjusted on this basis to make them comparable. 3 The 4 schools reporting in 1931 but not in 1936 were all small private institutions, 2 of which are known to have been discontinued. 4 See explanation in text on p. 3. 1 Includes only children reported as enrolled in school work. « Reported in school “for deaf and blind,” without being distributed. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 5 Table 3 shows in summary form what the situation was in 1935-36 with reference to all types of day schools and classes for exceptional children. It is presented in two parts, representing something of a transition in the method of compiling data. In table 3-A data for cities reporting fewer than 5 children in a given group are not included, such compilation being more nearly comparable to those made for previous years. In table 3-B these smaller groups are included, as are also all children reported as taught through home or hospital instruction. This represents the most nearly accurate picture that can be obtained of the extent to which special education has developed in the country. In 45 * * 5 States and the District of Columbia, and in 776 different cities, 297,307 children needing special attention because of a marked deviation from normal are receiving instruction in special day schools or classes, in the hospital, or at home. When to these are added 74,280 children in 418 public or private residential schools of Continental United States 6 as indicated in table 2, the total becomes 371,587. This is by far the largest number of children of this kind ever reported. Yet it represents only about one-tenth of the estimated 7 number of exceptional children for whom some special educational adjustment should be made. These 371,587 children 8 are served by 15,155 teachers, 9,357 of them in city school systems and 5,798 in residential schools. Ex¬ penditures for instructional purposes amounted in the year 1935-36 to more than $22,000,000, but the additional costs of institutional maintenance in residential schools made the total budgets exceed 66 millions of dollars. Manifestly special education for exceptional children constitutes a very substantial item in our American educa¬ tional program and deserves the most serious study of educators in order that it may yield value received for the money invested. SPECIAL SUPERVISION IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS A logical accompaniment of special education in the classroom is the provision of competent supervision to guide the direction which that special education should take. The regular supervisory program for normal children in the grades is within itself a responsibility large enough to tax the resources of qualified persons, without having added to it the problems of children who deviate seriously from normal. These require the services of specially trained supervisors who can 1 Mississippi, Nevada, and New Mexico are the only States from which no day school facilities for ex¬ ceptional children have been reported. Florida reports only home or hospital instruction. 8 In addition, 593 children are reported in special residential schools in outlying parts of the United States. (See table 2.) 7 Estimated on a very conservative basis as follows: Blind and partially seeing, 65,000; Deaf and hard of hearing, 400,000; Mentally deficient, 500,000; Behavior problems, 750,000; Delicate, 300,000; Crippled, 100,000; Speech-defective, 1,000,000; Mentally gifted, 600,000; Total, 3,615,000. • All figures quoted are approximate, since reports from some schools were not complete on all items. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 give full time or the major part of their time to the service. In small communities such an arrangement is, of course, less practical than in the larger cities, but the movement for an integrated plan of supervison for all types of special education shows encouraging developments. Table 3.— ENROLLMENT REPORTED BY PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN AND NUMBER OF CITIES - AND STATES REPORTING, 1935-36 Type of children Number of States Number of cities Enrollment Classroom Home or hospital • 1 2 3 4 5 A. NOT INCLUDING DATA ON CITIES REPORTING FEWER THEN 5 CHILDREN IN A GIVEN GROUP Blind and partially seeing . Deaf and hard-of-hearing. . . Mentally deficient . . Socially maladjusted (truant, incorrigible, delinquent) Delicate . . . . . Crippled . . . Speech-defective . . . Mentally gifted. . . . Not segregated as to type . . . . . . ... Total . 25 142 7,218 i 30 1 150 i 9. 282 »43 1630 i 99, 515 80 20 41 12, 640 30 135 21, 402 2, 084 130 1234 • 112,593 12, 140 22 112 116, 750 9 13 3,007 3 5 303 1 46 >737 282,710 14,304 B. INCLUDING DATA ON HOME OR HOSPITAL PUPILS AND ON CITIES REPORTING FEWER THAN 5 CHILDREN IN A GIVEN GROUP Blind and partially seeing _ 27 161 7,251 Deaf and hard-of-hearing _ l 31 i 168 i 9, 318 Mentally deficient _ i 43 i 643 » 99, 621 Socially maladjusted (truant, incorrigible, delinquent) _ 20 45 12, 653 Delicate... _ _ 30 150 23, 517 Crippled _ i 30 i 301 i 24, 865 S peech -defective _ _ 22 123 116, 770 Mentally gifted _ 9 14 3,009 Not segregated as to type. ... 3 5 303 TotaL _ _ _ _ _ _ >46 3 776 297,307 1 Includes some county unit systems in which there are cities with special school facilities for exceptional children. 3 Excludes duplicates. In 64 cities, 130 supervisors of exceptional children are at work, while in 39 additional cities 113 supervising principals have direction of the program within their schools for one or more types of handicapped pupils. Thus it may be said that 83 city school systems have estab¬ lished a program of supervision of varying dimensions in this field. Only three of these systems encompass all 8 groups of exceptional children in the supervisory program. These are Los Angeles and Pasadena, Calif., and Boston, Mass. The following 9 cities include 7 groups: San Bernardino, Calif.; Chicago, Ill.; Baltimore, Md.; Detroit, Grand Rapids, and Jackson, Mich.; St. Louis, Mo.; New York, N. Y. ; and Philadelphia, Pa. Eleven cities serve 6 groups and 11 serve 5 groups; 6 include 4 groups; 7, 3 groups; 12, 2 groups; and SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 7 24 cities serve only 1 group, in most cases the mentally deficient. In many instances the supervision of several or even of all groups served is centered in the same person, whose preparation in special education has presumably been of a comprehensive type. Looking at the situation from another angle, one finds the number of cities reporting special supervision for the respective groups as follows: For the mentally deficient, 81 cities; for the crippled, 48; for the deaf and hard-of-hearing, 39; for the delicate, 39; for the blind and partially seeing, 36; for the speech-defective, 35; for truants or dis¬ ciplinary cases, 16; for the gifted, 8. It is seen that just as the organization of classes for the mentally deficient has taken precedence over the establishment of classes for other types of exceptional children, so the development of the super¬ visory program for this group has taken first place. On the other hand, special facilities for gifted children seem to have lagged behind those for any other group. Since it is still a question in the minds of many educators as to what constitutes the wisest provision for gifted children, this attitude of uncertainty is reflected in the school organi¬ zation. ADMINISTRATION OF RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS Residential schools for handicapped children began their history as charitable institutions designed to give care and instruction to those whose serious handicaps appeared to make such care necessary. Long strides, however, have been made since those early days in the con¬ ception both of what education means and of what the capabilities of handicapped boys and girls are. No longer is public education the privilege of the selected few, but it is a recognized right of all the children of the State, regardless of mental, physical, or social status. Moreover, handicapped children have proved able to profit by edu¬ cational programs, many of them achieving results of distinctive merit. In consequence, serious consideration has been given to the relationship which residential schools should have to the public edu¬ cational system of the State. More and more they are coming to be looked upon as constituent parts of that system and not as institu¬ tions apart from it. Particularly does one find this development in connection with the State residential schools for the deaf and the blind; and leaders in the education of delinquents in the State schools are looking toward similar possibilities in their own field. Of the 79 residential schools for the deaf in Continental United States for which data are reported, 27 are now administered either by the State educational authorities or through a combined relationship with State educational authorities and a private or other State agency. Of 55 residential schools for the blind, 22 report similar administra¬ tive arrangements. Thirteen schools for the deaf and 12 schools for the blind are administered exclusively by the State educational au- 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 thorities. Most recent additions to this list are the schools in Michi¬ gan and Wisconsin in which by appropriate action in 1937 the admin¬ istration of the schools for the deaf and for the blind was transferred from institutional to educational authorities. In cases in which a combined relationship holds, the State educational authority carries responsibility for placing pupils and giving general supervision to the educational program, while the other authority concerned handles problems of institutional management. Progress in this direction is noted also in the case of schools for delinquents, although the acceptance of these schools as educational institutions has been less definite. Most of them are still adminis¬ tered as welfare agencies apart from the State educational system. This is no doubt partly due to their association in the past with reformatories and prisons and partly to the fact that social service plays so large a part in the treatment of juvenile delinquents. The conviction has been expressed by representative leaders in the field, however, that a closer integration of such schools with the public educational program would do much toward the acceptance of their charges as pupils to be taught rather than as delinquents to be punished. Institutions for the mentally deficient are, of all four types of resi¬ dential institutions considered in this report, the most difficult to classify. They serve young and old, and they carry purely custodial responsibilities in the care of the feeble-minded who can profit little or not at all from instruction. As custodial institutions they are ad¬ ministered by State boards of public welfare, of charity, or of similar functions. Yet in each of those institutions which have adopted pro¬ gressive programs of service there is a school, adapted to the needs of all the inmates who can benefit by its offerings. What the relation¬ ship is which such schools within the institutions should have to the State educational programs is a problem which is worth serious study, in the interests of a coordinated State plan of education for the mentally deficient. The attitude of thoughtful students toward the whole matter of supervision and administration of State schools of all kinds has been expressed by Doll 9 as follows : There is a tendency also for the State institutions to fall outside the usual supervisory agencies which State departments of education may provide. Some State schools or institutions are in welfare departments; others are in educational departments. In any case, these public institutions provide school departments that often operate without State supervision. The experiences of the public-school system ought to be carried over into the educational departments of public institutions, and this should be provided by empowering State departments of education to supervise all State insti¬ tutions, or at least the educational departments of such institutions. • Coordination of Effort for the Education of Exceptional Children. Washington, Government Printing Office, 1935. U. S. Department of the Interior, Office of Education, Bulletin, 1935, No. 7, p 68. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 9 STATISTICAL TABLES This statistical report shows to what extent special education had progressed in the United States in the year 1935-36. It presents mass statistics for the United States as a whole, by States, by cities, and by types of children. It points out the facts already discussed with regard to special supervision in day schools and the administrative control of residential schools. It shows in a general way the part which home and hospital instruction plays in the program. Finally it gives detailed statistical data of personnel, organization, and expend¬ iture concerning the programs developed in individual cities and institutions which have reported to the Office of Education. Students of special education will find in the tables which follow the basis for analyzing particular phases of the work on which information is desired in the study of a local problem. Standards for special edu¬ cation are still in the stage of development. They vary from State to State, from city to city, and even from school to school. The com¬ parison of practices in a number of schools, cities, and States is one of the means contributing to the standardization of the program, insofar as such standardization is desirable. In the years to come it will be possible to note the direction in which we have come, to point out the statistical trends from one survey period to the next, and to use them as an index of future developments. One thing is sure, namely, that the special education of exceptional children is becoming an indis¬ pensable feature of the educational program designed to serve the needs of all the children. Table 4.— SUMMARY FOR CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN AND FOR SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 11 $3, 389, 546 2, 565, 979 « 15, 966, 124 i s s : j S : g g i i o 00 I 705,816 i S i R I ill : 2,408,737 1 Si is i" 1,373,688 $1,478, 324 164, 662 1,003, 658 2,646,644 $761, 738 192, 944 7, 694, 569 8,649,251 • $565, 842 io 1, 957, 052 1,021, 229 3,544,123 » $804, 578 io 312, 474 903,446 2,020,498 ! a 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY go Pp i-l Pn gH pP <555 £<1 2cQ HW PhH P<1 OH P>h PP o - 2^ og o *< W - og co§ P« t-H HQ P PM !5co <5P Ocg « O P *P g55 ^<5 HCQ w8 S§ pp Pq pp <5 P H^g P^P 7~p g*8 m < H >. II © bfi •gfl •2 © ii u © .STJ a3^ fi-S >> “ il=l gsit ■H O 03 5 E-i.52 ° aJ -O T3 s« S’® .2 .9 ICOCOOCO Tti 05 00 »-H IO 0(NO»OCO c4“ §§°sg SES88 Hiss ggiSg •* io*rH*rH* rCoeo-T ©tC gCjj »o a i is i i i i i i i I* 1 ! 1 1 1 i§ si 1 1 1 ! : : : ; : : : : : : : : : : : : : : li ll il II I Mi li li li li i i i i il 1 1 1 sals I il iss se is Ci ! : P?r4 : In l-r^r ©^ ',* I : : : : : : : : 2 ;s§ * |a 1 1 2gss j as iss ss js j I N I I III i" SE : : : S iS i* illss » i*IS is il i : ; :_• : v : : ISssis T** III2I sgggl S2s§ S 888BS rH N rH*rH* rH* rH* 2S§ <0 slssi §§§§! 8SS88 II il* CO rH* «NH usoo rCrr Irn* §s=ls rH* I !S88 s§ssl SISsI Ills» ! rH* rH rH* ssssa a ;?s§ R8SS3 ls2sl SSsHa SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 15 CO iO 00 CO < 05 10 10 00’ > O CO CM 00 DiOOr OQQ g-S-s: t-Sas Sjd c’S "5 Sis o a 5'Sq M |>§a “S3£ u* O O > ££££ ® .05 ■JaS ijjs © «J3 3 KPhPh o m oo ij T3;2 .2*3 OT3 ® t» •a © •2£h © a S © OT <3 & t» O ® 33 -Q Bo ®X5 a. 5 •fH cn C3 II §8 *» ► “ |s •§ ■«§, * co a ■§ O bt“ ^ 1-3 § iM^g Table 7.— DATA ON SPECIAL SUPERVISORS AND PRINCIPALS GIVING HALF OR MORE THAN HALF TIME TO SUPER¬ VISORY OR ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE POPULATION IN 1930 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 »® QO fl S 3 5 2 a £ aisg !- ® tfl 2 >> o « S2 n a £ S S3®o^ .2, !«! •SSPhH OOD^ Youngstown _ * Part-time. Table 7.— DATA ON SPECIAL SUPERVISORS AND PRINCIPALS GIVING HALF OR MORE THAN HALF TIME TO SUPER¬ VISORY OR ADMINISTRATIVE DUTIES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Con. Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 OR MORE POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Types of children served by special supervisors and principals | Mentally gifted ! 3 i 1 i l • • 1 • t 1 1 1 Speech- defective co MMM M i Crippled w MM M XXX M M Delicate 3 M MMM M Truants or disci¬ plinary cases O M M M i I i Mentally deficient a> XX X XXXX MM M Deaf and hard-of- hearing GO X X X X M i l i Blind and par¬ tially- seeing r* M MMM M M Special principals Salary CD $6, 800 3, 165 cn> CO of O O *3 •3.2 © c« © s T} S H O ©■p AS J3 ' -3* t}< O ■«< ® iMONH INHNIO - cs B-So J5 G *o JggoS •SJ5S5 • © o i|3 : a >, :|a Is®0 © «S"g o3 pi? g ©i£ o OG0&.O Es illsi SaSfiM -*-> CO £ K £>» CO C fl .. © >> -O »-g 5l~g ■c “ n >00 § g 3 a Sn. -n S 9'E glfSgi S.2.Si2 ! BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 22 s ! o 1 I £ s ! ! £ 1 I I I Table 9 —NUMBER OF TEACHERS OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1935-36, BY STATES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 23 deficient, 14; delicate 26; crippled, 28. Table 9.— NUMBER OF TEACHERS OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1935-36, BY STATES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 25 Table 10.— EXPENDITURES FOR SALARIES FOR TEACHERS OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY STATES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 11.— SUMMARY 1 OF ENROLLMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES s IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY CITIES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930 schools a;nd classes eor exceptional children 27 Total day- school en¬ rollment N 64, 766 29, 992 301, 723 52, 699 30,309 77,867 54,288 27, 216 27, 575 33,965 18,037 100,908 68,611 513, 593 17, 466 Exceptional children enrolled Total 3 422 486 14, 599 1, 171 577 4,407 1,627 526 586 637 242 4, 549 678 13, 767 286 Mentally gifted o 009 fZl i i i i ii i 1 ill i i i : Speech-de¬ fective & 195 4,154 620 338 1, 571 1,135 2,863 2,298 Crippled QO 10 2,639 130 78 710 17 ! 05 l r-H r i i ! j j 3,043 28 Delicate S si isj§ i is ! ! 1 1 1 i i i 175 38 1,735 230 Truants or discipli¬ nary cases o ! Illl! I III I 1 “ Si !!!!!! lii I 1 Mentally deficient 273 179 3,171 380 44 1,241 451 609 389 590 242 1,092 580 4,433 Deaf and hard-of- hearing - 8 g i i i II! i ; 8s Blind and partially seeing cs i 8| iss £3 i N : : I 1 1 48 21 455 17 Total popu¬ lation (1930) N 259,678 142,032 1, 360, 779 284, 063 147,995 634, 394 287,861 146, 716 164,072 162,655 106, 597 486, 869 270, 366 3, 376, 438 104, 969 >» 5 - Alabama Birmingham _ _ _ _ California Long Beac h . Los Angeles... . . Oakland . . . San Diego . . . . . San Francisco . . . Colorado Denver . Connecticut Bridgeport . New Haven . . . . . Delaware Wilmington ... ... ... _ District of Columbia Washington . . Georgia Atlanta _ Illinois Chicago . . . Peoria . . . . . ! 3 a. 1 c □ 1 s tx. I g Table 11.— SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY CITIES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued Group I.-CJTIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930- Continued BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 28 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN §al ISs a g slgsii lllssal flSsSISI =1 a gss s'88's I s sisssss sSs'sssas ss’iig^ssss' sa s 111 SIS I 5 ilSasl IsSIISi gllslilS IS i gVtef rf ef rarf • Table 11.— SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY CITIES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930— Continued 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-36 Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES EOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN by type. Table 11.— SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND [CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY CITIES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930-Continued 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 33 IlI5ISSISIsili5Il IlllSslilll s § I SI S'oS“SSd=asSS' s' “ S ='<•' gssgsiasgssisgsii S§SI§2=|§823 § s g as 1 ! Is : ! i : ! | • i s j i i !! ! ! i : i : : : i i! !! || 1 |1 s ! 1 i?2 i : : : 1 i i i i ! i i i i 1 ii 2 issssssssss^ is i ssssssssssss s i 1 1 * ii : : : : : 10 * 13 40 2 I »o • 2 9 80 73 80 26 0 Mi . i i r ! 1 ! : i j 1 1 i II ! ! i § ; • I! 1 : i i i ii 1 1 ii j§ 50 118 420 167 141 ia s « 1 62 17 ! 34 i 1 i | i 5 i £ s°°s i isss- is * i i !! ! i i s i! ! ii !(n i • ^ s is J ! N® :< *2 00 § is iss j i i i : : : : : : : s ia i ! 1 i ! i ill ! ! i ill li ; : ; ; _ j _ : : i ; : : ; ; : : IgSsIsisiiESiiSIS! Oililsgills 1 § § §! SSSSSSSSSSSKSSSSS SsSSSSSSisS S' S S S3 and crippled. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 34 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN lls I EsIsilallsslIIS 8 — © c* r>T ^ oo V a> *o jh (o os g$| § SSSKSSSSSSSSSKfeS 05 Table 11.— SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY CITIES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued Gkoup II.— CITIES OF 30.000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930-Continued 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOE EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 37 Table 11.— SUMMARY OF ENROLLMENT OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36, BY CITIES AND TYPES OF CHILDREN— Continued Group III. -CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930-Continued 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 39 3Es8B8SSSSE83SiSiSS8 §SIgSl§ISglSSS5l IsSIlSISIsl iOMcoaKriNN^eondricqVN nwn'honVnnmm SS®8Si3w8S8gS8S::g5928 ££|£o?S$££3S£S8SS SgS2£g||Sgg l8fliS3IIIIi38liiSi5 ISIslilslIslsilS SSSsiliilll S = S^SSSSS‘gS«2 = S82’S2 8S'S8'SsS52S£:8'sa8S S2S223SS'cSSd8' 8 Report fewer than 5 children. 7 Pupils sent to neighboring city for 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 41 SSS8B38SH WNNH»»e«(NNN>‘iO» g&SE833i§91iSiSg3SS§SSilSSSS ills ^reoeief .-H. H. 17 17 1 1,425 400 Virginia _ D. 8 8 7 1 1,590 537 153 Nebraska North Plfttto T>. 10 10 ! 1, 400 New York Olnversvillo D. 12 12 10 1 2,358 Ithaca . _ __ H. H. 30 30 982 Ohio Elyria . . . 19 19 16 2 3, 150 Fremont _ _ 14 14 14 2 3, 200 154 225 Middletown . . 14 14 12 1,520 123 498 Washington Wenatchee _ _ H. H. 5 5 4 • 1 1,000 Wisconsin Appleton _ T). 14 14 2 2, 829 705 99 Eau Claire _ D. 22 22 22 3 3,852 123 105 Fond dn T/fto T).-H. H. 13 13 12 2 2. 629 94 149 Manitowoc _ D.-H. H. 9 9 1 1, 250 6 71 Marinette _ _ D. 10 10 8 1,520 122 Rhorewood D. 6 6 5 1 2, 200 20 Wausau . H. H. 23 23 19 • 3 3, 925 1, 155 25 • Same teacher teaches more than one type of exceptional children. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table 13.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANI¬ ZATION FOR DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES, IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 — Continued Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1930 City Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance Number of teach¬ ing prin¬ cipals, teaching super¬ visors, and class¬ room teachers Expenditures for tinn (excluding vision) instruc- ; super* * Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school building Total number enrolled in school Salaries for teaching princi¬ pals, teaching super¬ visors, and class¬ room teachers Total books, supplies, and other expenses Trans¬ porta¬ tion of pupils 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 California Daly City H. "FT. 15 15 18 («) Watsonville . . D.-H. H. 113 113 1 $970 Idaho Burley _ 5 5 Iowa Webstar City _ . . D. 16 16 1 1, 100 $350 New York Hastings on Hudson _ H. H. 12 12 <9) 50 Ohio Athens _. 13 13 11 8 2 1,976 Wisconsin Antigo _ _ H. H. 12 12 1 1, 244 1, 333 Fan Iran n a H. TT. 8 8 7 2 2, 150 815 $62 Marshfield _ D. 32 32 29 5 5, 989 144 New Tendon D. 7 7 7 1 1, 400 895 Wisconsin Rapids _ D. 6 6 4 1 1,000 306 23 COUNTY UNIT SYSTEMS WHICH INCLUDE CITIES Maryland Montgomery County... West Virginia Cabell County _ 31 9 1 $1,500 1 1, 107 * Same teacher teaches more than one type of exceptional children. • One of these is a part-time teacher. Table 14— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHIL¬ DREN i IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 2 1935-36 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 59 i-I .5 5 5 ° « 5 ’S~-£>’3®2 S-gs&S TJ S ©'EL'S ill 2 G— •- JS © »©•§ £ S a ca ©T3 S a a 2 o 3 © P © w — £ — .S — § ©"3 a §*-2 * o u. b cu~ O © a o cs *2 *> ©."S O in §2 S .q-c.2 S 2 e ggJs 3 a g © >7 G w “ 3 £5 ^'Ssia g g 5 © © 3 oSd3 2 sss o co O O o r}< *"• L N X 'J' HHCO - ic co 00 ' © * OW o' 0 33 O T SO ■< <$ feo CO M .2 mCQ r ?•■->■ Sz2- •O^ 53 SsfS 5c f fe o © ®'C a £.5 0 ^AhEh tcsz IL •9 3.2 too CCG tJJ C. .. 3 £ tA'g .§«;§ *5 w m O T *S? •— eg ^ o^_ C® ^ O ~®g.g .2 o "3 © "©©£.£ 3t3 O © - i Q ® 2 M ra c O •3 w J3 - {©5 'C.-3 < © te w r3 ^ © ° > © moC5 tx>2 .2 '« .5 . . o © > o £ £ 8« g £ © 'O 'r; © jj^org J3 >> 8 £3 © © -> o § -g.s ©•3° g *. ci .TO 3 aO'aS © 'O w lilt ■£1P = « * ?» §52 = ^ 9 C«J C 9 t o o .2.t^ O .■§ . c.2 © P « © > Table 14. — PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHIL¬ DREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1935-36— Continued 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE -3 6 c © O co P- c s J §• K 0.^3 Q< © 3 o % fH « S ® W' A-g lllS-Sa® Mss IO lO 40 Oi O CM •3 S S a a O CO »o 2 bfi hr, 2 ^,-5 o a a ° 1 § X — ~ — — ® w ® to £ S S a cs ©-c 9 «- © &c o H a 3 03 2 is a • 1-9 hr . a -a ; ® « a ^j&s ea o © a o ^ ® XJ.fi g 0'S- aSS Hja 3 2 00 i-H *-< 3 to 3 3 ,§© §3 a a §5® 2 3 0*J 03-3 © CO si II 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 00 ! >* ! M ◄ Q w 09 * o j g 3 S3 3 P 8 ■ x 3 P5 ◄ j M 3 § DO ◄ 1 1 l tr. S 1 03 5 S ; jd ! n £ c i r! © ► SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 61 767 180 665 i iisg 1 1 S J J | qj 2 j ; ■ ® j ! «0 tC CS r-T I j 1, 582 702 306 16, 145 1 111 1 S ^ r-r ,-r in 10,205 3,926 1 135 _r.-r 190 1, 379 1, 794 I i— r S2 10 ss§ lie in i i iiisii n iiiii usuh n sfs&f £gftf ■ g$tf!s g 2 SgSRSfS gfg S5Sf •ssl^ss SSS §11 |gs I § 3|§gg§ gggg g -SIS88! 113 111 111 1 1 silsll gggggsg sgsgjjgg gg § S|S i i siggii 1I1H31 s§sg5sgg ^"oTr-r -t,3 bOg M’S CM ^ CM CO 05 l&g-Ms,. CO CMOOCO-H CO « ®o g b g ®-3 a * H 3 030 w •* iO CO o o o HNOtO gc 05 cm CM* cT CO lO © C3 © O.S fe'a'S&a © o i£§-a§ 3§|§i3 £ 2-s-s s a y — : o flpO bJO ^.SoS asg^s 3 3 ftO'3 !5 2“”3 .3 ® g-3 3 3 o"’3’3 INONC5 I CO h CM *C i 05 CM ^ O O CNONO CM O i-h CM uo ^hNWh > ft ga 3 ® MS a o QW SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 63 1 type of exceptional Table 14 —PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHIL¬ DREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued Group II— CITIES OF 20,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 !§■ ' 03 » O 00 lO lO h CG © g O .2^3 OT o ^ c & a° © gs?s g’S 2 03 ” © Iff 35 o O ?1 j; *“ wow '0000000) I >0 O) W O t- N i co co oo co - co "of 1-H CO uo eo “is W)2 m-g .a s g s g 1 ■a.2\q>'3-£ E g fl C3 ®rC S rg-r; © a a o ^ a a os o • t» CO 05 05 C5 < © fl © 2*^ ®5a S-c ^ ® gS 08 O ® a o « a Sg-ag Isisl £ £-C.d ® Total num¬ ber enrolled in school Number housed in specia school building eo Number housed with nor¬ mal chil¬ dren N Oi D; o®S © 3 X >X5 3 c3 3 .® O rr» ® o '.at o ® at. - , o © ~ O © o 3 S5o®-|g|§:3'S| "§>33 g §"©' O O' SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 65 II III : : ii li s gll II SsII 3 :■ ;Sg|S : : Him SIsSSSI n Hi IslSIllilflilssS « » -*« g22v2w’«“5’"S«’”-ti3 OJONOOOO O NM ^ oO °0 00 r- ^ ^ *— < § & | ill Ilf a|1 2 co Oo-g > £ S.S g §,'2 I E-1 3 a g 1 1 o i :® ICO i ICO • • • i i OJ i i *o • i • i i O i i CO i i i • i i lO i 1 1 ^ 1 ‘ !S£ 1 II lit 1 I It III 1 1 II III 1 1 II III 1 1 II III 1 05 05 o CO o o o* oooo^^ooooooooo O — '^00000000001005 tOrHOMCOOO^^OOOOOOM »o tC csT io oT of o* 05 oo eo co coiooor^05r>»^^' '‘OCUO -CO*OC^'«** © g-= ® Sa 2*x3 u bDu~ , § i-SSK'g £ooo« z 2^^! a © CO©iO©*OCOO>©C*0>C*©© TfN^r^NrH’ 1-1 © © *0 © ( ) 00 co co co J 03^. 3 O+J SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 71 88 ls§8 8§ § 8 8§ 111 §13i§ISSSg8lg81§§llg§3§i 1 eo CO Mr;wNV»V-HVNiN»VMWr;oo«cfNiONm«‘ eo is-i r-rM*-r«r 36 21 23 288 2 ;832832 i 2 88 552 £8223888 i . ^ 3 8 8 8 3®&2£228S8882£88822£82£2 88282838 Table 14— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHIL¬ DREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 O O to C« g 73 go ft Sit £. ■S &T3 o. 03 *r © I’fl S5a |g..S.|§g g? a cj o-o H “ s 00010*00000 IOOO^CSCOCMCOOO*-*OOOCO rcOWiNVoVc *§sg fci'g&S ® §,8 t, 3 ffl a o g!E S'S.3 J3 ® C W 2 Sooou s ®-- it 73 O dPO 3.2 — » xj-o-S o.9 g © o 0-73 G to © ,£3 p-3 3 3 GO G £_§M“,0 ’§ ! a o © i|£-a-S 5T3 ®3=!73 03 >® o z , .^<2° 3 jSsfcS o5SS|| gif? |l 111 a!S| gl I|o SI !llis'§^|.g|§||§’g)®§§||=i«3 3§s ratoga Springs. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 73 20 44 32 42 11 29 28 16 20 17 48 gL iss i ii i i i i iO i » i • 1 II 1 1 1 1 till 1 II till till 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II till 1 1 1 1 1 II till 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 till 1 II till till 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II till 1 1 1 1 I • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 * 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ‘ 1 i 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 g£ 5S»gSS5Sa883SgS8£8eS ggSSgSSgSggSSSSSSSgSgSSSSS Table 14.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHIL¬ DREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 75 than 1 type of exceptional children. Table 14.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHIL¬ DREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued group IV— CITIES OE 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 ’-3 q 2.2 2 “ O o m 111 asB. e*’ ^ 2 © o ©X3 m os +? q S 0.0 g ■g ftx) ft ft-g §1 «'o o c g g S 5 q os ©73 q -r © a q o e 2 « 2 ooooooococooo< oo^ooooHiruoiot CO*OMO^OCS^NiOCOC •sfslll 111 12 0s (fj-n © aao c-1 a P ,° -• O txO a H .ft-oS o.S pgftw-g ^ O co Number housed with nor¬ mal chil¬ dren OlMO>ON©OOI©iO q iJ !.o q aSg gfi. aiOm SO > CO S’S ft; s *2^ fcn > (C rtf ci© « 2apg’§”'H’Sc:3gg cfl Ctf L ^ ». •-* Q rtf . ■ . pqoQQPfeHPPP^S SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 77 : : IK s§| '§§ 8£ MM® 888388 S22S38 HISSIsll ISlllglllll IllfissslillSIlSSslIII 11 *-H fH t— I i-i rH fH 1-H f— T 1-H r-H i-H i-H fH HCOHiH^UJN^CCWHHNHhNhN fH f-4* 3222 8 2 :j3 : 228882222 22282^32828 822288888822822828222 88 8 2282^2222 22282^82828 882288888822822828222 88 8 iiHlllli iiffli fcowSKPSajS? -2 62484—38 - 6 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 tU o H £ H 0-0 »— i a> H a w.s Q c o H I h-3 co ~ ~w £ HO o o^ « g ^ << HH O hh Ph H® IS §g »)« HP Ph Expenditures for instruction (excluding supervi¬ sion) Transpor¬ tation of pupils | 1 Textbooks, supplies, and other expenses - ! © o . ♦ © © • C* ! 1 009 cm ! CO ■ 125 © C09 25 25 50 70 Home and hospital teachers O 1 Teaching principals, teaching supervisors, and class¬ room teach¬ ers a> $600 1, 100 1,800 1, 200 800 1, 330 1,800 2, 700 1, 853 9, 100 1,710 3, 943 1,500 1,623 1,500 2,00 1,400 1,800 1,375 1,700 2, 900 1,300 1, 600 Number of teachers Home and hospital teachers GO Teaching principals, teaching supervisors, and class¬ room teach¬ ers r* i-ti-4 r-H CM ^ i-H Average daily attendance of pupils in school - ! © © CM • «r-.N CM ' © © © OCOXrH^ Enrollment Number receiving home or hospital instruction Total num¬ ber enrolled in school - ©© © cm © oo co i-* © © © cm © oo © oo © WPlHH »-« QO ^ rM rH « -H HHCCHH Number housed in special school building CO 1 Number housed with nor¬ mal chil¬ dren - » ©© © cm © oc co t-h © © © cm © oo © t'- oc co © *— < i© © —1 TliHOO C^HHnHHH HH« IH City - New Hampshire Lebanon- _. . . . . . _ OULL1C1 3WUHU _ New Jersey Bernardsville . . . Bordentown . . . . Dunellcn . . . . . . . . East Rutherford . . . . . Freehold . . Haddonfield . . . . Haddon Heights . . Madison . . North Arlington . . . _ North Plainfield . . . . . Palisades Park . DJlmnn Somerville. . . . a ouaii) - ! Totowa . . . Westwood.. . . . New York Albion . . . . Canandaigua . . . . Canastota . . Catskill . . . Dansville . . . . . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 79 ^OOOIOIOOOOIOOOO' -iOOOdOOOOooo^^ooo5oo^r^05io— c o aa3 o0oo d «.a a a sHJiS a d ao-« o w w d ^ XI ,Q O d d x> ox; 5 Sd-s^: d o p o" C’ • *-« CO SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 87 Table 16.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR DELICATE CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES, IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 O O M 111 m . •— o ©x: 3 5 Z'o,o g ■g a-a & 0? O ^ .i: cr a % 3 -j TVr? ~ > a O OC^O' CO O COO' iO C^iOl CO »o 00 co b£ § m 2 ■2 2.5 .w c8 c © «ooE°o" s.sgs.’g2 | t-1 3 aJ © CA* rH iO 00 CO < W)’ S s.s g.- g’as 3§i§^ £ £^3-c g — OC o S'0 © o a g© o ®.g 2-3-S §.S £ g ►7 o cn w 3 t-H CO r-1 ip c3 ® S’O © S ROUP II. — CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930 SCHOOLS AXI) CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 89 J Same teacher teaches more than 1 type of exceptional children. 4 Distribution estimated. 3 Includes both delicate and crippled. 5 Additional home teachers as needed. 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 o-S < g si Q^> £ 02 fc| ~w H H <5 co SJk* sx og pi2 °g jCC p oz grf 1 z* f O ^ HH ®) O £ £ <30 wc Sod £o Sw H*® Wh? So §g g- Pm ' c;- i-2 §• ;« a {ill &S8 ti c.t) a ©3oS ij ffi a *3 flO| C I’sl'E'3 § O ®.S g s’g ® g pH h< Hi tj* 9 h> •sti'E « i-s £-c®ap® ^ S. 3 C3 ^ o — ^ o Sag *<•0.8 *5 .2 U fcJD o © a c ce-H -2 > ^ o S .« rq a 3 3 g 5 M U £ g^-Gg ■2-° 33. o S o’ Eh 3 S «_ 3 cn «•-!—._ to ja-o-g o.S 6 « ® jz 2 3 3 O.u-2 5’SxjI® a 3-s Es fc* O'® O CO o o o 0*0000 10 0>N«« CO »o *-H M CO 3 O 11 Ho •£Em OJ c3 - O 03 j> O W b£‘S [> fclijfo £ fl C3 5 Cd 3 rj q.a^3 ©-H o 75 I * a -* a § 33S SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 91 I 945 75 86 1,406 1, 208 407 322 1,890 150 256 269 14 367 778 ST CO 4, 200 . 6,018 1,000 4, 425 3, 595 1, 710 5,465 6,076 1,425 1 1 CO r-i rH C* W W H CO ^ rH § 51 22 26 52 41 17 5 I more than 1 typo of exceptional children. < Distribution estimated. 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 W P$ Q hP HH W O-d -4 r#» ■gS-Si £Q° § ■sg-ge- £SgS oo gg 5fiS be £ m w •SgaSScifc ’S'o’S o-g g a os ®t3 £ os i2 'E .2 a a ® H 3 03 g>-2 be % eg OT S'cS a ^ 52 r-i •2 cv~-22j2 S ^ '5? •>— £3 > o o ^ S « P XS H d o^*xs 3 2 Q, S 3 ® B « C 3 O O O £ ®xiJ3 g sffl H 3 d M 3 ®.3 S— 'r-*_ b e 32-0.2 g.S |§&83 ^33 .Q 03 ® ® -o 33 ®32 a §£ 52 3 o £ o-a ^33 flg 3d 3 a ® . 2 ►», 3 33 ,bp II a^ as Group IV. — CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1930 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 93 Table 17.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN 1 IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS,2 1935-36 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 CO TP 3 3 co co 8$ . Cl • CO H Cl O Cl Tf« lO ^ 05 GO *-T cf l«aH§ S >?•§ 5® >'3aa“ ^■c®o.a 2® S ot 3 ® o o ■ £ 3 3f|I ofcou E-1 § a ” o ®.S Number housed in special school buildings eo Number housed with normal children w ^OOOH CO t'- 05 Cl 50 O »0 O I 05 U- 05 o I § c3 o s I Ilfs 2 & H © © CO — RgS ►r osM £ a SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 95 |||il c ic»k? i-Sfc «af. ® ..32; > > T3 .2* o ! /jigpH o !8-3|£ i2-s S/« • is** ^ a »3^-r • & o 1 3 Table J 7.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued Group I— CITIES OF 100,000 AND MORE IN 1930— Continued 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 9 a Same teacher teaches more than ono type of exceptional children. 0 Homo teaching program in operation during last half of year only. * Includes both delicate and crippled. 7 Distribution estimated. . . lwL , « Welfare teachers. 8 Includes some taught at home or in hospital. Table 17.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued Group II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 98 BIENNIAL. SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 i! ft Textbooks, supplies, and other expenses of instruction cn -a J§ o c3 O o -g g a a £ a A -c ® a a ® ^ Q, S 03 ^ CM O »-( m CM CM tDOOOr- HCDHC5 NOOrf !S38 So® CO 05 0*0*0 CO OCM CM CO CO CO H H CM CM r-T CO CM CM CM ®-2 o ^'ftS If 3 ft* «i-§® O.S bfl o ® a o os .2 a’> ®-s ® 0 « fl O. 3 S ® B co u . 3 ® O O h> £ ®.c.a g Ss'ft o oS oo a ®.H *— i ^ b£ -0-0.2 o 2 a g g,§2 *7 O W w S3 rl -O tyfl (H r aSsgs a o £ o -s &•« 0’S s-g s ; to g.S ! ' I: I'p.a ® i £ wen '.OH fcfl SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 99 • ••••It 1“^ 1 1 ■ *»••«■ »o « ■ • • 1 i i i i Ci i i i IlSSIsSIlil i : !§!!!! ; :§ ; | MNNN .-Too' « 1 • 1— ■ • o* • • 1 till • 1 »o > O ' > i 1 ' T?« 1 r-4 i 1 I Cl I 1 i 11IS811SI88 i CO ■ ^ I »-H I i i I 1 IM IN lO • 1 • 1 1 ^ 1 w • *— • • 1 • I : ^jT ^ ^ *— r • 1 1 1 ' 1 • 1 • 1 ■ ' i i 'iii o • • • i i i i i i • i i o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1 © 111 isillli 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■ I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 mnV lillsSisillil «-ne ^ CO CO < 'OitMCO' > co co ' SMS be § co cs a S <2 - 5 •sl-S.2 a a s ’S'3’9 > © §•§ ^ 1 03 © T3 ° - ©., CO A g,2 o ,o *•9:3.2 o0oo eh§S” o ©.2 i_ Q co bfl X5-C.S g S P © O © .3 o co ©xa2 SSftg'p >7 O CO OT P ^jp .3 i^g® S 3-- E'c 3 «3 O ©-2 ! rq ^g sg *0 c3 ©o onWjb^ a & - . q 5 o , s 1 a ^ o^j ax " o tJ 3 «- p © HP p, a-s © a a JZJ o3 3 c3 c3 1,720 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 103 and crippled. 3 Same teacher teaches more than one type of exceptional children. 8 Includes data on all physically handicappod. 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 8| PhO P"< j 'O § o? £ »b a «8 3 g- A S |s * LH 1-1 fc Og £ ^ ffl CL, oo® all II ^ w Q) r; o 8-sg s« 5 a° a § £§"§ ^ * 153 g.e be S M OT •- &-S.'2 « s ® l-ssa’S2! H q,*9 3 cfl I S ! :p:$ ~ co , 52 b£> co 3 o3 g>A S^o C3 ri *C? O 03 3 ftfi ms 0.2 p-« bX) _« o 1 3 4 5 fi Cincinnati Ohio 400 1 $2, 375 8,823 3, 300 120, 870 12, 910 11, 590 6,988 1,434 1,895 3, 726 9, 216 Cleveland 4, 713 423 4 $141 Erie . Pennsylvania 2 Philadelphia Pittsburgh 10,014 52 $396 374 2,892 2,317 1, 570 855 6 2,892 Reading 5 Providence Rhode Island 3 Utah Salt. Lake Cit,v_ . 1 Snnkane Washington 397 1 Tacoma . . . . _ .. 168 2 Milwaukee Wisconsin 1, 722 5 Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930 California Alameda _ 80 1 $1, 960 Berkeley _ 317 1H Glendale . . . . . . .. . 155 1 1,827 Pasadena _ _ _ 322 2 4, 590 Santa Barbara _ __ _ _ 87 Yi Stockton . . . 181 1 2, 480 Indiana East Chicago. _ 262 1 1,596 $20 Massachusetts Watertown _ _ _ 485 1 1, 100 Michigan Kalamazoo . . . . . 43 1 1, 514 Lansing . . 17 1 1,647 13 $77 New Jersey Montclair . _ 319 1 3,105 New York Jamestown _ _ 318 1 1,900 New Rochelle . . . . 905 1 3,000 Niagara Falls _ 140 1 2, 300 Schenectady _ 1,607 1 2, 625 White Plains 31 (’) Pennsylvania Altoona _ 11 Norristown 11 York 399 2 4,000 Wisconsin Green Bay . _ _ 394 2 3, 150 16 Kenosha 534 1 1,735 La Crosse 221 1 1,665 Madison .. _ 439 3 5, 288 152 Oshkosh _ 328 2 3,016 110 Racine. _ _ _ - _ _ 450 2 2, 650 34 Sheboygan _ 404 2 2, 948 12 Superior _ 317 1 1,520 * Same teacher teaches more than 1 type of exceptional children. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 107 Table 18.— PERSONNEL AND FINANCE FOR SPEECH-DEFECTIVE CHILDREN IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36— Continued Group III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930 City Enrollment Number of teachers Expenditu clue Salaries of teachers res for instr ling supervis Textbooks, supplies, and other expenses uction (ex¬ ion) Trans¬ portation of pupils 1 2 3 4 5 6 California Beverly Hills _ _ . _ _ 21 1 $1,470 Palo Alto _ _ _ 164 2 •1,912 $100 492 1 2, 400 Idaho 30 1 1,400 Indiana Whiting . . . 156 1 540 Massachusetts Beverly _ _ _. _ 33 i 1 1,750 Michigan Escanaba _ _ 37 Yt 950 Minnesota Albert Lea . . . 175 l 1,300 Austin _ _ ._ 192 l 1, 250 Hibbing _ _ _ 79 l 1,757 Mankato _ _ _ _ 152 l 1,493 Rochester . . _ . 171 l 1,215 St. Cloud . . . . 90 l 1,225 100 Virginia _ _ _ _ 190 l 1,400 24 Winona _ ..... 220 2 2,600 112 New York Ithaca _ _ _ 80 H 981 Pennsylvania Abington . . . . . 143 l 1,063 Cheltenham _ . . 244 i 1,800 Washington Wenatchee _ _ _ _ 65 (*) Wisconsin Appleton _ _ _ 163 l 1,748 23 Fond du Lac... . . 397 l 1,630 5 Janesville . . . . . . 243 l 2, 019 Marinette . . . 210 l 1,650 84 Manitowoc _ _ _ _ _ 239 l 1,200 8 Shorewood _ t.. 251 l 1,600 3 Watertown _ _ 233 l 1, 250 26 Waukesha.. . . . . 132 l 1,370 156 Wausau 162 i 1, 170 $25 Wauwatosa _ _ 204 • l 1,500 Group IV.— CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1930 California Chico . . . . 126 1 $1, 632 Daly City _ _ _ 75 1 1,800 Pittsburg _ _ _ 180 1 1, 060 Redwood City . . . . 265 1 1,350 Roseville. _ _ 22 2 2 2 100 San Gabriel . _ _ _ 146 1 483 South San Francisco ... _ 58 2 1 1,560 Taft.. . . 150 1 2, 100 Watsonville. _ _ 140 1 884 Pennsylvania West Reading _ ... _ 115 1 1,070 $10 Wisconsin Beaver Dam _ _ _ 167 1 1,300 27 Oconomowoc . _ _ 111 1 1,500 200 Wisconsin Rapids . . 176 1 1.320 54 $4 * Same teacher teaches more than 1 type of exceptional children. * Part-time. 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Table 19.— PERSONNEL, FINANCE, AND INSTRUCTIONAL ORGANI¬ ZATION FOR MENTALLY GIFTED CHILDREN1 IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES IN CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1935-36 Group I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930 Enrollment Number of teach¬ ing prin¬ Expenditures for in¬ struction (excluding supervision) City Number housed with normal children Number housed in special school buildings Total Average daily attend¬ ance cipals, teaching super¬ visors, and class¬ room teachers Salaries for teaching principals, teaching supervisors, and class¬ room teachers Text¬ books, supplies, and other expenses 1 . % 3 4 5 6 7 8 Alabama B irmingham _ _ _ 124 124 113 *3 $3, 698 $131 California Los Angeles*. . . . 500 500 497 19 39, 167 270 Massachusetts Boston _ 273 273 9 Minnesota St. Paul. _ _ _ _ 102 102 93 3 4,815 New Jersey Jersey City _ _ 53 53 46 2 5, 107 Ohio Cleveland _ _ _ 1, 241 1, 241 1, 157 45 82,984 3, 616 Group II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930 California Pasadena _ 167 167 107 5H 5 $10, 649 6,200 6,4$6 4,500 $101 Massachusetts Chelsea _ 200 200 Michigan Jackson ... 164 164 157 4 New York Niagara Falls _ 42 42 40 2 Group III.- -CITIES ( OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930 California Santa Rosa _ _ 20 20 1 $1, 690 Massachusetts Wellesley _ _ _ 96 96 75 3 5,950 Group IV.- —CITIES OF 2,500 TO 9,999 POPULATION IN 1930 Indiana Columbus _ 25 25 20 1 $1, 298 * 2 additional mentally gifted children receiving special instruction are reported in Galion, Ohio. 1 Teach 6 classes. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 109 Table 20.— ENROLLMENT IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN, 1935-36 State or outlying part Blind Deaf Mentally deficient and epileptics Delinquents Total 1 2 3 4 5 S Continental United States. 5,851 15,366 21,889 31, 174 74, 280 Alabama . . . 207 427 117 849 1,600 40 80 147 267 Arkansas . . . . . 130 311 10 215 666 California _ _ 127 342 487 973 1,929 Colorado . 60 212 i 16 281 56? Connecticut . . . 65 345 461 438 1,309 188 310 498 218 152 785 1, 155 Florida . . 94 258 131 704 1, 187 Georgia . 128 284 70 568 1, 050 Idaho . ... . . 23 86 114 24 247 Illinois - - - - 238 688 928 790 2,644 Indiana . . 135 444 780 765 2,124 Iowa _ ... . 196 367 737 748 2,048 Kansas . . 110 238 J 12 389 749 Kentucky . . .. .. . 189 351 353 374 1,267 Louisiana . 119 293 223 198 833 Maine _ _ - . 114 389 271 774 Maryland . . . 112 273 321 1, 662 2, 368 Massachusetts . 275 453 1,049 1,171 2,948 Michigan... . . . . 200 525 1, 155 948 2, 828 Minnesota . . . . 128 327 1,195 772 2,422 Mississippi . . . . 74 182 (9 250 506 Missouri - - 115 518 408 1, 101 2, 142 Montana . . . . 22 85 0) 180 287 Nebraska . . . 54 194 216 399 863 Nevada . 13 13 New Hampshire 168 60 228 New Jersey.. . . . 33 385 1, 375 548 2,341 New Mexico . . . . 100 138 15 225 478 New York _ _ 400 1,710 3,084 3, 316 8, 510 North Carolina _ _ _ 247 471 238 952 1,908 North Dakota . . . 37 133 237 219 626 Ohio . . . . 261 558 1,020 1,405 3,244 Oklahoma _ _ _ 166 456 172 605 1,399 Oregon _ _ _ _ 71 123 252 236 682 Pennsylvania . . . 423 1, 135 2,292 2,730 6,580 Rhode Island _ 108 245 202 555 South Carolina _ 101 203 536 325 1, 165 South Dakota . . . 36 120 80 117 353 Tennessee— . . . . 197 339 167 1,270 1,973 Texas... . . . . 356 639 462 1,379 2,836 Utah . . . 43 153 (9 128 324 Vermont 65 97 132 294 Virginia - - - - 152 252 152 702 1,258 Washington . . . 105 147 792 263 1,307 West Virginia . . . 131 320 81 467 999 Wisconsin . . . 151 296 912 457 1,816 Wyoming _ (9 111 111 Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii 20 76 96 Philippine Islands _ - * 140 *140 | » 140 Puerto Rico 50 63 244 357 1 1 No pupil data reported by State school. * Includes school for the deaf and the blind, appearing only once in total. 62484—38 - 8 110 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Table 21.— NUMBER OF TEACHERS OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS, 1935-36 State or outlying part Blind Deaf Mentally deficient and epileptics . Delinquents Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States. 917 2,145 1,072 1,696 15,798 Alabama . . . . . 20 49 3 57 129 6 11 5 22 16 32 15 63 California. . . . . 18 47 22 56 143 Colorado - - - - 15 31 2 29 77 Connecticut . 14 53 13 46 126 5 27 32 District of Columbia _ 32 15 19 66 Florida... . . . . 12 35 2 34 83 Georgia . 16 27 2 11 56 Idaho . . * 12 2 19 2 24 Illinois . 29 79 57 42 207 Indiana . . 17 58 21 41 137 Iowa _ 32 55 31 108 226 Kansas... . 18 33 12 24 87 Kentucky . . . 19 39 7 20 85 Louisiana . 21 50 9 4 84 Maine . 18 13 16 47 Maryland . . 28 42 26 110 206 Massachusetts . 58 75 86 84 303 Michigan . 23 54 74 41 192 Minnesota . . . . 21 45 36 56 158 Mississippi . . . . . 13 24 7 23 67 M issouri . 18 88 14 47 167 Montana . 5 17 5 14 41 Nebraska . 9 31 7 29 76 Nevada _ _ _ 5 5 New Hampshire _ 7 5 12 New Jersey . . . 11 64 97 30 202 New Mexico . . 13 22 1 4 40 New York . 71 245 197 223 736 North Carolina.. . . . . 38 59 6 41 144 North Dakota . 7 26 8 12 53 Ohio . 31 84 30 54 199 Oklahoma . 22 45 9 28 104 Oregon . 11 18 7 26 62 Pennsylvania . . . . 83 171 115 93 462 Rhode Island . . . 19 16 2 37 South Carolina . 14 25 8 6 53 South Dakota . . 8 18 7 33 Tennessee . 31 38 5 21 95 Texas . . . . . *46 *80 17 72 200 Utah . . . . . 5 19 8 32 Vermont . . 11 5 10 26 Virginia . . . . 19 38 10 25 92 Washington _ 15 19 15 49 West Virginia . . . 4 27 4 47 4 23 93 Wisconsin _ _ 25 53 39 30 147 Wyoming . 5 13 18 Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii _ 4 10 14 Philippine Islands.. _ * 14 8 14 * 14 Puerto Rico. _ _ 5 16 21 1 Those teaching both blind and deaf appear only once in totals. 2 9 of thece teach both the blind and the deaf. 3 15 of these teach both the blind and the deaf. 4 8 of these teach both the blind and the deaf. * Teach both the blind and the deaf. Table 22.— RECEIPTS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN, 1935-36 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 111 HNOC5CD ohoooo OOS't-'Oi CDONCOO O CO o ^ CO CO CM ^ O N CC ' O O ssa** 00 O CO CM C ^ oo — < COiOtJ’NC CO CM CO Tj?- 00 t-H CO ' CM O CM 05 < O MC' ( co ^ TtH COC CO CM CM cd» > co cm i co oo I © cm' rf ~ I O CM I *—• CO I NO 05 05 05 *C 05 t-COOOON © t}« tJH r>* Cl N 6 N io” 2° g »c co O CO CM lO n- m no »-• oo N- N0»0»0 CO *0 !gp; gg$?gg NOOOON 00 CO CO CM © r-t CM H 05 © N. t*< CM H^fiOrf-C N CO Cl O CM O r-. C5 CO 1C* CM* nT CM CO 05 00 CO 00 HCOHCM^ CM rH rH CO o o CM T}1 CM CO ^ 05 CO »0 05 CO CO 05 05* ©* ^ i-T 05 CM lO CM 40 »o ^ 00 CO 35 co to i -H N» co *— t < ■H 05* rH r-T ; CO ~fl .2 5-^fl ^ 0> > iC CM iO CO >»CNNH J'rf Tj^NToi <10 10005 O *0 CO 05 H CO © CO r-T CM I CM 05 o ( I Tti to CO < I O CO rr c CM CO C 05 ^ tfCOGCON CO CM o 00 o 05 00 CM © oT . co o £2 CO S “ lO lO • 05 CM CO tCi C0»O05h: ^CMhh 5 O CO ( • &Q 05 < . CO « S3 0® — *o «• « ei op W " ■ a ■= ° B 2 « S'H §§ao£ •2'l_ >5 O 00 ^ o o co co 00 O TT- r- O " -5COOC’ CO 05 iQNiO CO CO oo O OC CM CM CM CO rr 00 CO* *C 05 CM »0 C O t>. co o o ^OCCM CO O WO CM IC < >> c3 M C O <35 73 3 .§■§ - a’5| S S‘3 ^ “ i 2 e os ° c § J « a i: .2; cJ as S -a £ 3 s ^ 03 ca 03 .x .= .a si c 255.2W SSSSS a c “r " flags .0 .0 W M § *™ o3® M ?,£ ^2 fe a , er. t/j ] 0/ o I 'ES 0'S J c p? 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 it of $37,808 for delinquents. ■SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 113 schools in which both blind and deaf are enrolled and for which expenditures are not distributed. Table 23.— EXPENDITURES FOR INSTRUCTION (TEACHERS’ SALARIES, BOOKS, ETC.), IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN, 1935-36— Continued 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 115 1 Includes both fu.l- and part-time teachers. * Includes school for the deaf. J This figure includes $103,182 for both the blind and the deaf. Table 24.— PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE BLIND, 1935-36— Continued A.— INSTITUTIONAL DATA— Continued 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 33 a ^ o o 73 3 co © q or© ^ B & i - a a W Instruction i r3 o H 2 © ^ -c g o& © $13, 935 4,282 61, 943 16, 562 29, 086 CO 1 (X) O CO o 00 ! c3 (NO s i Salaries : O $12,089 4, 224 53, 743 15, 286 27, 186 Receipts Total OS 2 $152, 640 37, 050 » 72, 676 286, 472 70, 065 114, 708 70. 957 Private funds oc « $1,575 9,708 8. 757 Public funds - 2 $152, 640 37, 050 2 7i( 101 286. 472 70, 065 105, 000 62. 200 Administrative control Other State board CO X X X X X State de¬ partment or board of educa¬ tion i - X X X X Private - Num¬ ber of teach¬ ers " 12 < 16 « 12 29 17 32 18 Num¬ ber of pupils 94 128 23 238 135 196 110 ■“2 « u m O 0 3 « bfl O !■§ — m® CST3 S.S j=3 °a h 5 § 3a -S o ^ 5W M SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 117 i g § S 11 S 3 2 S | 8 1 s S3 s' 805 1 1 t*H o 2, 850 64, 895 44, 759 10, 000 2 105, 691 333, 419 103, 330 1 § S s' 1 1 g § s § a s' s' s' s I i 00 366 4, 003 * 23, 332 6, 571 1, 139 . 17, 217 17,089 2 37, 821 77, 077 7, 425 65. 700 50,000 10,000 2 120,037 341, 652 104, 251 31, 500 2 62, 600 2 19, 362 241, 212 008 ‘I 65, 700 50, 000 10, 000 2 100, 675 100, 440 104, 251 1 1 8‘ Sf x i X X X X X X X i i X X 3 10 SS 8 53 2 I e * g 1 S 2 Includes school for the deaf. 4 Includes 7 Negro teachers. * 9 of these teach deaf also. 5 This figure includes $4,282 instructional cost for the blind, $22,090 for the deaf and $46,808 all other current expenses for both the blind and the deaf. r These data from school bulletin for 1933-34. 118 m rn a £ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 Jo o CO o o' of CO & c-i a a .a a is © o& > a 'u 3 •3 3 a -*-^>-1-^0 003,0 © O'? <3 •O ® *2 3 Sll-Sl <3 t- ® -*> m o,o o X X a°-g» 3 u C. £ ® 3 a 'S’® 5-8 Q a 2 S 5 is .2 f2 ^ g ® £2 O “a 3 © S73 3 3 333 opq ■O | s a 1*1* “oW-S ■2 >>©« 55 3 id 3 3.* 3 t« -2 ®35 © "«3„ -4J c3 o 3 ® *2 O «d 3xi ^ 5 © « 0'S 03 XXX O 05 g •O £-§ S~8 © be. S1 S3 t* 3 3 •OS' Sg a' W Gpu, ; in: 5+^ &« 3 «3 ® O X SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 119 ional activities with resident pre-school children and to some extent with the parents of children living at home. 120 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 H £ Q m s w 2 « 7 w H <1 > •S 3 p s Ph — ^ C3 o3 OCQ^ S c- 3 o ! S os 5 u a S®3 Zxj a M X i-H IO 8 s •gs 1 CQ G ~ c3 w> ,a S'g'S uSo •— t O X x © a}* L-i L-i G3 a © s ° o XS £S Grand total U5> $72, 440 110, 052 J 76, 080 J 78, 766 ia 25, 357 a 212, 237 130, 149 Total capital outlay 14 $7, 196 a 101, 061 72,800 Total current expenses eo $65, 244 110,052 a 76, 080 co 05 ‘O u- ^ CO r-> CO «" H IS Instruction Total o* CO T* O CM 05 CO oT oT co & « r 3,785 2 45, 234 Other expenses ii $5, 628 o »o O CO iO u- rS CM Salaries o $33, 495 29, 494 a 16, 430 »0 O CO CO CM ^ CM CM* X X C/3 ® ©^ 03 P T> © O § 1|5 o.Sp •*3 2 o o © O p- *- ^2£ G “31 ■g-g -2U 2 3 P'O’op m.2mm .g5 g-3 .2 t3 .5 .S fcfl G '^7X .*3 S.fa« m G © o > ii JS g p> £ SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOB EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 12] » 19, 184 50, 209 116, 441 * 44, 818 * 15, 950 17,329 1 i 1 s - ; « V 1 ** si i i i i 3 S tf S' 3 S' 11 1 1 1 i "' S' S' S' f SI s i— i Oh Q £ 2; spq © -CO a, lias 3 ©J3 u. 52 p4 O ' H' a < 62484- 2 I fc -38- •g’S ,5s •Sw £ oS is o O (- © ^ CO ®~.3 o ® a ®^3>i rr) c/D H ^ o « w TOr— . W, 550 £ S§j®t9 = 3 .9 3 c3 t> — -- o^: ^7 <-> /h CO t§ la •a o act) -T eo ® a ® § £.a II — • “ 2 !”o © o O CG o CGrrJ - •gja.§3 ■3 Q S3 © CG a=£ oP32 S3 ®"3 ®/o «P3 « Gb CO CO h o 55 O 3 o =3'S-a 3 So OQ i Includes junior high. 14 These data for 1930—31. 10 Includes postgraduates. 15 Preschool children. 11 69 totally blind pupils, 206 all others. 16 Partially blind. u These data from school bulletin 1933-34. w includes kindergarten. 13 These data from school bulletin for 1934-35. Table 24.— PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE BLIND, 1935-36— Continued B.— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued Teachers BIENNIAL |fe5sl SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 1 ! Better than 20/70 j " | 04 Vision in better e: correction Between 20/200 and 20/70 *^4 CO Less than 20/200 LZZ 91 139 Special subject enroll¬ ment Music o 16 2 170 CO Home eco¬ nomics OS t'- l l r- CO Manual train¬ ing ao 17 2 CO OS co Grade enrollment High school - iO CO CO r>- ^ CO 12 50 © Ele¬ men¬ tary 04 U- CO 04 HH CO OS 24 84 oc Kinder¬ garten 2 11 25 : s Race Total - ci co r>« ^ co t>- jo 04 lO O CO os CO 04 04 i-t y-i rH 04 rH Negro . 18 6 1 ^4 125 t ) 3 C J X ' 1 a : 1 s x: ^ § 3 £ -E 3 - * 3 T3 : : .5 -j 3 « 5 n -C : Eg ® a .e 2 H ** H 5 3 H — *■ ■> C-i O . 2 j : ~ f- > GO C : g J } w a 5 8 g J § | 2 £-< E- Texas Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Institute for Colored Youths. Austin . . . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 127 CO CM ^ 1 »-» CM i ■*}< »C ^ ^ 00 ^ CO CO *-• oo CM ^ I I 81 I I I I 81 I I I 3 10 8 19 ! 19 42 7 29 47 25 86 53 7 80 85 20 25 30 47 63 2 43 75 3 *o O0 CO CM lO r-H CO 19 9 ^ '00 OS . lO 05 Oi CM *-h *“H • *“H CM CM t?< ! 2, 25 44 99 76 5 77 78 18 »• 129 42 ^ . . fro II fr 00 43 44 108 105 14 117 151 20 i» 140 50 44 Tt9 < t-4 108 105 117 150 20 »• 140 44 Utah ftah School for the Deaf and the Blind, Virginia rirginia State School for Colored, Deaf, and Blind Children, Newport News . . . rirginia School for the Deaf and the Blind, Staunton . Washington Vashington State School for the Blind, Van- West Virginia Vest Virginia School for Colored, Deaf and Vest Virginia Schools for the Deaf and the Blind, Romney . . Wisconsin Visconsin Sehool for the Blind, Janesville... Hawaii 'erritorial School for Deaf and Blind, Hono¬ lulu Philippines he School for the Deaf and theBlind, Pasay, 1 o 3 •a fc o « a 'o P3 M o g S » .2* & t Ph o 1 j . 3 Includes 7 Negro teachers. 18 Partially blind. 6 Blind or partially blind. 19 Teach deaf also. 7 Includes primary grades* 19 Includes deaf pupils. 128 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 3| Pp ®2’2 ^ s a OCQjQ © a"p a •O § ea g fl SSSflO A? |!a © • ^ 5 • 1 -0 : * 1! 1 ® 1 © °§> 5 © © . 3 e Deaf, Little Jftf j§ 3 ®^ C8 © ®Q 3 0 T3 3 5 p a a 0 3 3| t & < ^ S ® g 5 (5 5 I § z ^ 2 3 S *a ® R £ fl § « 111? •s — -s 60 s«s,® •-•E-ihhZ 05 „0SW am Sss «PQ« < M am © o co 3 ©E*1 02.5 s« II ■53** ◄ 1 Sg o ® oW m m “•0-0 si! "3^0 Qot co o 0’S la o So •30 o 164,347 1 * 15,121 > * 179,468 ' 45,231 1 3 3, 346 1 48,577 1 * 151,759 1 _ 1 3 151,759 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 129 130 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 O -o fn 2 ©S'0 ■a a 5e Offlfl © 6 o s § SS-^-Js 55 0,0 o 00 X K < O 1 ■§ P to 3«.0 3a2 I S i 0-0.2, sags I © ® 08 ■g-S .2 © «o © „ ^ d«2Q 1-2 o £ ■sa^S § 8 § 1-H o CS CO Oi O H N t>T io e* »o « X X X X X £§ CQ ® cQ ,§ 3 Be •§§!?§ •c n si *8 3" > 2 ©A to o li 4305 a m o ©2 'O.c-'a H 98, 708 I 100, 418 I 199, 126 I 53, 353 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 131 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-3 6 < w Q W ffl H Ph O T3 ^ § a m i-P O O W O m ro„ 2 o W i. w o& OcCX! « O'? <33 T3 ® *3 O - sgj.gj p< > a°-g< s a ; X.S3 is?. a a *-« T* i-H CO *o o »-h c^f CO 00 00 - ^ 0 (N *H ^ rfH O © >C ^ N O ^ 00 C* 00 00 r © kO 00 1-H co r>- co ^ co i>. »-H C* C* r-i I s § s c* *o co a> s i i 2 X X X X X X X X XX X X X X X X :? 8 CO f-4 8r O 05 C§ CO CO CM fl« s a <« o as o £l ! p» O :S » ;8“ :«'u !• © oX >2^J W>«cc «§« I 8 1 1 s | list 1 1 1 s' i s' £ S' S" S' CO 1 rH M i X jii i x x X X X \ X X X X x x x x : i 3 £ 22 3 ^ ? S§ 8 3 3 2 8 5 § S 3 - - ? § s ! 2 § I S the Deaf, January 1937. 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 O 'O § E-i 5 S* 8 2 © ®,2 0«2.0 a o s § Ph ^ s°-g» £.2 ® ® iss z-sg CO 00 00 o g s M K M K ^ TO w tn rtffl S ®_,<5 - M a to ® ® -Q 54 o * 0,2 ’aQ’O 1*3 S Ig •S0. CQ >q 2pq P ® & S Q.®* -O1^ 03 St3 ® SoO ©O 02 M.S |m^S ! ! o i 05 » Tt« 1 : g 1 W 1 1 ko 1 cT i ^ ! cf ! a « o > si l> SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 135 136 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 Teachers * jeep axe oqM jaqmntf eo w 6 3 4 15 10 CO P^oj, w w 1 44 5 11 32 38 9 31 sjaqoBai uioojssbio e* 41 4 30 35 7 29 sjaqoeai pan jedpuijd 2uisiAjadng o N co i © 5faaM jad ssaj jo spouad g - *o Method of instruc¬ tion q?og ® to 27 311 33 48 A[UO [BtlUBpj CO -3« CO AjaO [BJQ GO 1 2$ § Grade enrollment looqos q§iH co N 20 61 40 2 AjBjuamaia <© *o *o c* 40 210 *269 25 naiJB3japni3[ 20 40 6 Race l^OJ, 331 96 80 311 309 33 212 ojBax w CO C* CO © CO i ®l»qM N CO 78 278 308 © Institution - 1 Alabama Alabama Institute for the Deaf and the Blind, Talladega . . Alabama Institute for the Deaf and the Blind (Negro), Talla- Arizona Arizona State School for the Deaf and the Blind, Tucson . Arkansas Arkansas School for the Deaf, Little Rock California California School for the Deaf, Berkeley . . . St. Joseph’s Home for Deaf Colorado Colorado School for Deaf and Blind, Colorado Springs . . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 137 »o 11 18 13 12 17 * 36 4 32 36 4 27 4 19 12 67 58 55 33 33 00 64 55 51 32 Cl c* -4 05 00 05 155 05 CO 274 2 73 8 i 05 CO 05 267 12 65 05 3 56 14 05 oc 202 .. 28 65 517 119 50 § . 78 79 45 95 178 CC oc 13 246 272 3 32 23 80 60 24 75 1 226 572 311 225 187 05 co co cc »-H fcO oc c* Si 6 o 2 S e* ft £"3 I* £"3 a ® "oft O ^T3 o g OS •S« 2t3 © S “£ .2 a ac'C o a §CQ O 5]? si _ o 20 S« 3® c»5 Ot3 3§ o i J3 cioo, ■3 tccc » Qj d z -O Sal 2us © i qO- I a s II 85 ©j= © a ■ot a a ® © fl a SO Negroes. 4 Includes kindergarten. 4 9 of these teach blind also, and part-time teachers. * These data from Annals of the Deaf, January 1937. * 72 children unreported. Table 25.— PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF, 1935-36— Continued £ B.— EDUCATIONAL DATA— Continued 00 Teachers BIENNIAL SUI jB9p mb oqA\ jaqranjsi IVEY CO W OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 ao f- eo 40 i CO 1 PUOJ, w ** 39 38 18 8 25 3 6 sjaqoBa) uioojssb[3 w 38 30 18 7 24 3 5 sjaqoBO} puB IBdionud SuisiAjadng o N »-H CN ^ ^ i Pupils Loss of hearing in better ear ;naoj9d 09 uBqi ssaq; 05 o ! ! ^ 1 » inao -J9d 69 o? 09 at) co ! Tt« . }U90 -Jdd 68 oj OZ 00 co ! r>» i 9Jom jo !}U90jad 06 CO Auricular training PUOj, 40 3 73 27 90 10 25 qjOM raooj -SSB[0 IJB UJ a 1 28 14 . ytBp J9d 9J0UI jo se'jnnim Qf co 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Asp J9d sa^n -mm Sfr UBqi ssai ?nq XqBa e* 13 90 10 q99M J9d SS9J jo spoijad g s. O 40 1 1 1 1 40 • • c* Method of instruc¬ tion qiog o 20 34 Apio iBnnBjv 05 05 O CO 40 S i 50 AjUO ibjo ao 195 186 114 43 160 10 Grade enrollment tooqos q3iH r» CO rH i w ! j o - ^ 00 H CO 05 05 O ^ 9Jom JO ^uoojad 06 <© fcO 49 60 67 250 20 20 Auricular training l^OJ, 00 00 60 206 122 391 145 23 qjOM raooi -ssBp qc UJ C4 »-» O ABp J9d 9Jom jo soinuira 9^ eo 6 20 7 a ABp J9d sain -uim 9f UBqi ss9i inq ApBQ cm Is. 22 176 ko ! ^4 1 q99M J9d SS9[ jo spoijed g s kO CO kO 1-4 Method of instruc¬ tion 0 138 35 CO CO CM Ajuo {BnuBp\[ 05 CO CM Tt< CO Ajuo [Bjo ao 129 no 00 CO CO i-4 © t>- O i-4 05 O O 1-t CM CO CO 1—4 T-H Grade enrollment looqos q2tH 16 31 CM 28 26 AJB!JU9UI9[a c© 112 167 83 273 361 342 186 113 U9}JB3J9PU!2 10 15 CM CM rH Race IBJOJ, - 4 385 138 231 4 10 108 273 361 391 223 113 0JS9>I eo CM 2 10 23 5 1 »RtlAV : s CM 106 263 338 386 222 113 Institution *4 New Jersey New Jersey School for the Deaf, New Mexico New Mexico Asylum for the Deaf and Diimh Santa TTa New York Le Couteulx St. Mary’s Institu¬ tion for the Improved Instruc¬ tion of the Deaf Mutes, Buffalo Northern New York School for t.hA TlAaf A/Tnlnnp Lexington School for the Deaf (904 Lexington Ave.), New York . . . . New York School for the Deaf (99 Ft. Washington Ave.), New York St. Joseph School for the Deaf, New York . . . ... Rochester School for the Deaf, Rnnhfistp.r The Central New York School for the Deaf. Rome _ _ SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 8 8 $ 42 26 60 18 16 42 1 6 79 22 39 11 e* cs 150 II II li II II II II II a • it ii ii 70 <© 126 s 109 24 110 8 II li Ii li II II • 1 II II II 340 133 277 102 99 332 533 150 176 101 70 27 75 »* 170 14 370 386 70 123 367 CO 171 132 203 101 • • i to < 1 1 N " 192 18 85 ; c3 § ■§ :m-i 05 ^ sg’S's 2 o "c ® oS|S rt ® *5 5 § © © SQ'SQ ^ GO 62484—38 QQ 5 1 feQ Z :■§ wOQ 55 2 ® o c a a: cs u o “ !jD c ; a os.2 1 3 S ^ — 22 o > o'*’ o ;o -1-5 . =3 j5 a CQ M’S g® arO ®>0 i-o £ *3-9® S3 u! BSj=o 5a«o .S fl’Sg j O o 2199M J9d SS91 JO spoiJ9d 8 a s u- ' ' 05 i i l i Method of instruc¬ tion qua o 29 119 Ajuo ibuubk - 12 61 165 ApO JBJO ao I 8 2 g i rH CM CO Grade enrollment j looqos q3?H 8 30 54 XjBJU9m9l3 - CM 00 CM O MS O r-* rH CM Jh n9jJB3J9pni3; MS 05 139 36 Race IViOJj 3 § 8 3 8 2 rH CM rH CO MS H oj39Jsj 99 co 29 119 91P1A1 W CM O 120 310 520 Institution - Rhode Island Rhode Island School for the Deaf, Providence . South Carolina South Carolina School for the Deaf and the Blind, Cedar South Dakota South Dakota School for the Deaf, Tennessee Tennessee School for the Deaf, Texas Texas School for the Deaf, Austin . Texas Deaf, Dumb and Blind Institute for Colored Youths, Austin. . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 143 primary grades. 11 Teach blind also. 144 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 1934-36 m O H Ph w P t— ( W Q £ < H £ s 5 •— i w Q hP H £ w O DQ P o o w o 02 <3 t— i H £ W A I— i 02 W A w H <1 > 2 P* Q 55 <3 O HH >-3 ffl P pu, I 3 g ft-2 - 2 o -e P..2 ■9*3 Professional staff 8 Teach¬ ers » ! 00 43 1,156 8 I ■3 CO o> $2. 545 is ! 4© 05 CO s s cd cd Receipts Total GO $130, 810 673, 359 CO 00 00 04 co co os co ^ o 1-1 1-1 COH co »o 8 469,712 17, 652 252, 536 Private funds r* $10, 746 CO t 00 O* CO 1 05 CO t#h 1 i-H i-i CO 1 CO f-T CO « • > ®«“ g g| "So-So p«o ®'3 £sl££ X3 !.d i o > t> jta co ' Mo M ; a -2 o : « a!§ :£3« o ? 5 g'ga’sJp O Q c3 gSQooQ a** © o s'0 0-0 „ W o O Q ® ® o - a g a eg aw£w£ ms 'So’S -^ro .gag sis .p'o- ■ v hO O H O t> J3 5 o r co I °il SC1® 5 -S ;j3 n 2Jm ° ^1=‘ Is! OQ-O02 •rt *3 "2 1«8 «n^ S © b Jsg S ft < g ►j .2 Stockley SCHOOLS AND CLASSES EOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 145 Hygiene Clinic a’ Table 26.— PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT AND EPILEPTICS, 1935 36 Continued A. -INSTITUTIONAL DATA— Continued 146 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1934-36 © gw 5 £§-23. w O' O © ss wooo rf »0(N 138 883 ^ b- 228 O GO ^ ^ Is* CO CO r-T 35§ CS o cn *"* ‘3 3 3 © 0 . g 3 s 3 0 88 H d o "cSXJ o'® If OpJ ■° 2 O £3 m o Hcq .£ ! a 05 ! 'S « Pm t; g : s * : '3 © •3 O « , s la 1 il } & > tH 3 CO a S »& I* 28 Sw C3 © «! o 3 oO O © 3& toco S :® G ; tao 3 a.S ■<3 0 * W‘H h m 111 «al sw« State SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN r-H i-H HN >> ca o gu ^©5-gg co H X? •a+i si p^xj .~,o S o'g 2 £ >1 t-i r>. t — , .oO^ ~ CO c3 .1 | lie w | IflS 1 2 “|1 ® 3 2-8 CO u^S03 ® ^o® Si-c •S®5 S ce w Ppq.22 £h OJ ^ m'S P Cfl P «■§ flS ®PQ 2 . XJ w o.3 3 ■“3 « O® « °a _eq © . ■SX3 <1 T3 * a is ◄ u a .2 O a 2 .2.2 8 Ss « ct scm: o3 cn p4 p ; 147 6 Includes balance on hand. • Plus additional help. 7 County Authority. 8 Includes school for the blind and the deaf. 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 CO CO I iO CO o GO O H Pm H i— i Pm E3 Q £ H £ W h-H O Pm W Q mP t-3 2 Cm P Z < O HM h-3 CQ P Ph cd CM Professional staff Teach¬ ers CO CO ^0 05 ^ CO rH ^ rH HHH HlONCO^ HH HN CM Profes¬ sional staff other than teachers ‘O tO 00 rH CO O 05 t>. CM CO CM CO Expenditures Grand total 2! $15, 608 151, 512 239, 391 20, 138 16,000 377, 734 337,608 200, 064 43, 676 17, 344 4, 076 31, 500 8, 324 881,804 Capital outlay eo S8 i !>• *0 1 05 1 & 1 c 33 *3 CO a> $2, 582 14, 649 16, 750 10, 560 11,895 15, 708 009 t i 1 O 1 »o ;s§ 1 to 1 oT Receipts ! Total ao $15, 608 6, 104 157, 637 240, 860 22, 500 16, 390 377, 734 343, 652 105, 822 24, 406 _ 20, 882 6,089 31,500 8, 382 881, 804 Private funds r» is S2S is 21 oho ' »o co t-h co io to co t-T • of oT oo oo r-T rH UO 1 cm co rH . rH 20, 882 6,089 31,500 8, 382 Public funds to $240, 860 7,000 369, 616 175, 266 104, 265 24, 392 i i i o • ' >00 • 1 1 00 • i 'oo 1 1 1 Administrative con¬ trol Other State board IQ ix i X X X ! ! ! M State educa¬ tional depart¬ ment Pri¬ vate w xxx ix x ix i XXX xxxx i 1 1 1 » Insti¬ tu¬ tional popu¬ lation N N H IO 05 CM H tO 1,310 589 628 70 6 38 42 24 1 tj- to C5 1 rH cm o 05 Institution - New Jersey Dorethy-Hall School, Belmar . . The Bancroft School, Haddonfield . . North Jersey Training School, Little Falls . . Effie Mead Gordon School, Orange . . Sea Isle Hospital and Training School, Sea Isle Pi t v Vineland State School, Vineland . . The Training School at Vineland, Vineland _ Woodbine Colony for Feebleminded Males, WnnrlhinA New Mexico New Mexico Home and Training School for Mental Defectives, Los Lunas . . . New York The Brunswick Home, Amity ville _ _ Rintrhnmt.rm Training Snhnnl. Rinphamton Ostego School for Backward Children, Edmes- t.nn Bellwood Farm School (Lockland), Geneva _ Bailey Hall, Katonah . . . . - Gary de Vabre Academy, Lake Ronkonkoma__. Newark State School, Newark . . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 149 CO CO ©co c^cocgco^cooeo • CO * 2 ii 4 7 4 20 16 5 62, 870 1, 318, 944 415, 407 1, 121, 573 1, 178, 912 132, 523 223, 724 322, 707 396, 085 140, 965 14, 552 8, 256 362, 109 14, 389 255, 980 i i 390, 369 601, 221 165, 554 7, 400 ie in ii is §s igs i s £ 800 33, 102 500 15, 737 ii : | 51, 320 946,881 379,173 921,038 962,933 127, 247 162, 821 310, 594 390, 701 121, 535 11, 127 3,000 311, 765 10,499 209, 009 370, 142 578, 209 159, 294 5, 100 9, 480 30, 290 36,234 54, 872 24, 177 5, 276 4.884 12, 113 2, 958 2. 423 3.207 5, 565 4, 456 17, 242 3, 390 31, 234 14, 304 21, 275 6,260 1, 800 1, 500 1, 108 717 10,433 6,356 481 450 276 383 82 65 400 1,366 150 3, 052 884 2,304 464 235 7,980 29. 182 35,517 44,439 17, 821 4, 795 4, 884 11, 663 2. 682 2,040 3, 125 5, 500 4,056 15, 876 2, 240 28. 182 13, 420 18, 971 5, 796 1, 565 65, 332 1, 318, 944 417, 269 1, 121, 573 1, 320, 751 132, 523 352, 717 322, 707 140, 965 14, 584 _ 10, 100 330, 284 16, 485 263, 955 399, 770 601, 221 179, 748 7, 400 ! ii i i i i i CO j-T ! j CO- 3, 465 14,584 10, 100 128, 251 16, 485 263, 955 9, 898 1 7,400 48, 972 1, 318, 944 415, 407 1, 121, 573 1,320,751 126, 243 352, 717 322, 707 1 i £ i l§ : i ii ! i 399, 770 601, 221 169, 850 ixxxx x x xx x x i ; i i X XX X X MX X i i i i : : ix xxxxx X : i ix llsll I £ II ga g 2|sgsg2|g mVm« a *>• So 20, 135 950 6, 198 10, 688 1, 758 9,406 172, 749 20, 252 26, 336 282, 564 48, 475 68.690 1,204 2, 200 3, 420 16,005 5,680 3, 665 CO 400 ! 500 1, 188 008 ‘I 3, 420 14.345 3, 165 198, 908 25, 500 355, 816 43. 442 303, 764 68, 702 176, 034 1, 921 25,500 68,702 3,982 196, 987 355, 816 43, 442 303, 764 172, 052 X X X X X X X X X i i* x i 1 1 oo as t- «o co OS 00 MN O ■*< io cm r~ co < S 3 os > •T3 : a ;S ■ i 11 cS as jS’O ^ a g a oW !fa s-s £“ 2C C S&.S Wao g § s« D. O II !SH~ /-V O if go ||o52S OQOQ hO £ -S a® O oi g O 03 fe° JO W ^ cfc ® a >a S'" ? '55 u. e on § o as o £ o Z. o o a as .£2 S-g.22 05 ^2oo^ 5 3 Ocb 53h4 a -s a-r « 111 ill siosis OCQ ■ 5CQ m 151 * Small appropriation from general fund appropriated for the institution. 152 «o ro I 10 CO 05 H P-i W P h- 1 Ph H Q {5 » l i CO AJ«1 -U9m9I9 JBJ9U9Q O CM o to ! i i 8uiurej} 9SU9S pun U9')je3j9pur2 00 s i i i to ^ i oijdando ojb oqM jaqmniq - 1 1 1 CM ! CM CM ^ Intelligence-distribution ! i s t>- O OOitO^OJ o 1-H CO sj9q?o 1 1 1 CM i > i i i i ouqjapjog; a tO ■*< ! CM CO CM » l t UOJOJ^ CO 8 Oi t *-« ^ 1 i— 1 ZO 1 1 1 • l 9[iooquii N CM CM 1 to to to 1 r-H loipi - • I i 1 1 • CO 1 to 1 1 1 t 1 1 » 1 I Age-distribution IB?ox © | £ 2 SSiSSJg £ ! »-H CO 1 1 I 9J0U3 JO SJB9A OS l ^ CO ^ t SJB9A 61 01 SI i * 8 i tO O 00 CM CO i SJB9X n O') 01 r* tO 141 4 24 7 29 SJB9A 6 01 5. C© CM 00 CM CM ^ CO 1 1 1 sjboA g japufi to I III I III 1 III 1 c c c b moj, ** CO O CM CM »0 CO i-< — < sjoqoca? raoojssnio eo I Oi rH f-H CO CM a SJ9qoc9} pus [Bdpuud 3uisiAJ9dng w HHHNH 1 1 1 1 1 • Institution - Alabama The Partlow State School, Tuscaloosa.. Arkansas Salasco Sanatorium School, Little Rock. California 8onoma State School, Eldridge . !!!! It : : ! : li : ; ; : !i \i i ! 1 i II 1 ! Ji ■-1 : : o S< sg 1 : o g< ^ :| « o| •*p-T 1 ^ O • c 5o IS ^ ®P 3-g 1“ O 1 < acotfg, n] 0 m to O o° 18§8 h si 2 § ®o ® j 2 gja a -a < iicoE-'P- HC >0 ! 3 ® 1 u 3 T3 :« a ® o 2 ® 32 a « s| il a a 5qq 154 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 W o h-) <1 H £ W S O a) W S3 00*43 h3 a 0,0 o° w o GO < H £ W g 00 H T3 a; O ◄ 0 ►3 *< £ O o u> Q W I « Pupils Pupils enrolled for school work Number enrolled in special fields uoixonjxsui inuojXBdnooo aaqxo e5 ! 1 8 to 00 i CO Oi • 9OU0IOS jo sxjb pio’qasnoH S5 ^ • CO Oi I 1 Age-distribution I810J, e kO CO 00 HH H 5 ^ 22 00 CO ojoui jo srea.£ o Z at ON Oi « " 00 o tH CO SJea£ 61 ox ex do *■* to Oi C* CO C4 CO *o HCO SJB9i£ f\ ox oi r» 78 6 63 13 64 54 sjb8j£ 6 ox S CO ■*>■*? S3 ® ® “s SJB8iC S JOpUQ kO 1 ( 1 1 I Instructional staff IBXOJ, - r- to «o ioo sjaqaeax uioojssbio « O IO •'f Oi OJ sjaqocax pun indjonud SuistAjadng N ~ 'H'H i Institution - 1 Connecticut Mansfield State Training School and Hospital, Mansfield Depot . Delaware Delaware Commission for Feebleminded, Stockley . . District or Columbia St. Gertrude’s School of Arts and Crafts, District Training School, Laurel, Md... Florida Florida Farm Colony, Gainesville . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 155 i • ; 2 ; 4 49 . i • i i © • 1 ^ o e • © * • • t I • CO © • © 98 8 . © ! © © « 5 >© ^ GC oc ~ © cm a " 6 10 515 i© 82 11 67 O ^ t- ^ CO © r* r- — io COO CO ~ — *« 174 22 304 00 © CO t» 22 170 20 396 © 114 17 193 32 44 17 9 23 14 119 60 5 111 © 2 87 9 10 13 3 101 © "*?* 1^* © ■*— * CO © © *-* © © ^ & CO© ^ ^ h- — < O <5 ^ *-« ^ — © ^ t>* CO i r: © © © © 1 1 ^ «~f © I i-H l • » ’-' 1 7 26 2 56 Tf» © CM CM cZ S 5 144 12 431 1 1 » 80 9 133 35 61 9 4 25 18 a 2 s i cs 1 1 CJ 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 • 22 2 34 70 114 17 2 85 31 193 46 515 >41 775 5 11 400 22 304 12 © CO 30 - 52 7 28 59 5 . 1 93 8 178 1 8 118 3 115 27 31 6 r^oo © -*« a ■2 3 124 8 145 15 8 3 ii 20 3 77 76 3 43 fr* o* ! © 30 1 1 - co © C*3 © CO w £ “I .S £ co £ m S* •2ts q a w cJ 2 :S&S8?'sg ’So .“U^S o g*; §032 5?S o5®25o£h g*?OT ®‘o rt^r®3 n is gw . .- cs >-i .c o.2 0^3.5^ s P Q E-1 PP5 P S 5 S >>.c CS « ^03 tj 6sD O C fe'g ^■‘3 S«* !l ©#S2 o flS p. si§ ir o a & o c 53 © • SO’ : «s s> 2o.§ ;|0|§|^ Ph 5 o-c oO. fit* 5 -° . 0>T3 oH® _ ® *o •- .o *- f- a t3 a-gSSS 2-022 |JS sl ® cS JO Eh State Training School, Winflel i These data for 1930-31. 156 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 CD cc »o rc 05 Z < H Z Z 3 •— i w Q H Z S O o pzj ^ ^ fl C Oro o° W Q ►J < H Z W Q m H PE? H <1 > *— i P4 Pu, Q Z O HH « P PLh Pupils Pupils enrolled for school work Number enrolled in special fields uoixonjxsni inuoiindnooo jaqio 1 s 76 50 32 aouatos jo s:jjn pjo’qasnoH c> l 05 CO cC 05 * 1^. kO cC 1 • oijdondo am oqM laqmn^j r- 1 13 10 18 o CO Intelligence-distribution isjox | a 233 120 173 50 389 sjaqxo ! s : - auqiapjog ! tC t- O OC uojopv: 2 1 98 40 115 o 05 1 aipaquii W 129 45 51 5 jorpi i co oo » I o Age-distribution — PJ?0J, O 233 120 173 50 389 ajoui jo sma£ 02 - 75 60 10 Cl Cl sjna^C 61 o? 51 CO 79 30 54 05 05 smaX o? 01 I *. - i i i i i i • i 1 tO i i— i OOlOlOW CO • 05 rH CO COH 392 30 22 258 475 443 CO 04 rH O i ic ! CO 00 04 CO ^ 04 CO • rH CO 04 >H i 04 t-4 i 104 20 22 197 495 312 12 81 25 16 268 10 184 6 35 12 321 464 12 22 379 495 477 2 151 13 212 2 90 oo rH o CO 04 04 05 t O H 00 04 rH 04rH 05 rH 04rH CO h- rH rH CO 04 iH rH 04 CO 04 ^ CO 00 o 3 i tO CO CO ^ 1 CO 1 04 05 rH *<* !>• 00 CO r^. !>• IH • 1000 rH o CO 1 1 >0 04 li l l 1 l CO 1 II 1 III 1 II 1 III 1 II 1 III 1 1 1 1 i I rH I CO i l i i ^ i ^ i i i >000 00 0"*t'.>004 i-H O O 04 00 »0 CO COH CO *H00 CO r-H 04 00 CO 04 O 05 CO 04 i-l CO ^ CO ^ 00 i CO to i rH 05 1 CO • 1 ii i i i i i 5 11 2 l 1 1 Tfl 1 1 1 2 21 16 1 36 5 48 60 11 1 40 l 1 1 ii-i r>» iohioo4^ i co i co oo »o • 00 rH 04 Tt« • IH 1 O 1-1 CO 1 r-H rH 04 1 1 CO ^ T* 1 1 1 C5 • 1 1 1 1 ICO lO iO H CO CO 00 i 04 i 04 r>» to • rH >0 tO rH CO • • CO rH 00 1 1 1 04 CO 1 1 1 1 >C 05 1 Tf 1 1 1 III 1 04 co • 04 H 1 1 1 III 1 III 1 III 2 14 1 i i 04 i 1 i i 1000 00 0^1^1004 ho O 04 00 to CO COH CO HO0 COH 04 00 CO 04 O 05 CO 04 1-i CO ^ CO ^ 00 13 395 1 II 1 H iO i 1 • CO CO 1 1 II 1 20 56 223 1 co i O i tO CO IO rH 04 CO CO ^ CO 05 ^ CO 05 05 CO TF 00 CO rH CO Cfc i ^ CO 1 CO » 1-H >0 00 IMHCON O 00 04 CO »C to O 04 CO 105 rH 0 05 rH 04 04 H rH i 04 04 04 CO 04 2 128 04 lO 0510 IHH iCCO tH 00 rH rH CO ■**< 1 COCO CO CO 1 II III rH 1 I i ^ i 04 i ii ill ll ill ll ill 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 ^ Tt« COHT^COI O O- ^ CO 00 l>. CO rH to rH rH iH rH 04 H CO 04 04 « rH o-^ec e^oc^jOTtf i co i to co o o 04 O Hf« HHNHH j rH IrHrHCO OI d i d lal tg-g o ■§>gS “is S?S“js OH £ ^ II il jii £3 "C > M © ; wll I”3 MO _ s o-a "2 oo H«>-g gss^a 1 2 2(2 i’o^a . • > !« , . £ a i „ c3 ! o :5 ■ 2 i a m © I ss © 3m § “P; ItJ'g a> A Hi 62484-38- ® o a 0,0^ £ -11 IS- "11 a 2 TfW g op a 2 q as « a •g & 53 <3 o „ ja-g cs >»— 03 E-i S t> 'S'3 •S 03 S-c 3 C3 gw b ,® w £3 *J g Oft CO (D CO la S -gW “o o >» s§ flO 03 |g l| si S’S | £ £m ® H © 03 l§.4'i £>0§ oW-a 2 3 a ® o ®5pq 2 These data for 1930-31. 3 “Plus additional help.” 158 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 ,4 m O i— i H Ph W P i Ph w p Jz; H & W i— i o pH « p p p <5 H £ g co- O o OO W O m P C HH H £ W P GQ w p p H > hH Ph Ph P £ O P w p Ph Pupils enrolled for school work Number enrolled in special fields noxiomisni IBuoiiBdnooo aa’qio MS N 1 1 * O O • 1 1 1 CM 1— l 1 • l 1 CM 1 1*11 1 I 1 » 1 1 1 I aouaias jo sijb pioqasnojj W CO Tf< r-uo CT> tO CO CO CO HH CM i SuimBJi [BnuBj\[ e* N 1 CO 10 t© 1 10 • 00 • 1—4 1 1 » 1 i fiuiuiBJi iBOiSjJqg g CM 00 CO O CO Tt* OS CO 05 CO ’-H j oisnpj N 00 CO N»P MO CO Tf l>- rH i Number enrolled in— I^iox O N >0 00 M5N O 10 co co r>. 3 -£jB} -namap iBianao as S 8 H§ 8 SmniBJi asuas puB na’iJBSjapuxx 00 81 48 4 18 30 CM oiidanda aiB oqAi jaqmnjq; S 0 « - i j i i Intelligence-distribution U10J, c© 216 168 7 97 400 15 to siaqio M5 l 1 t O • 1 00 00 • 1 1 1 - auipapiog 3 1 1 CO I 1 O CM rH CO • 1 CM »0 uojopj; CO 82 90 ' 54 220 8 CM CM aitoaqrai CQ *-H os ^ CM O CO OS IO r-H CM Ttl CM loipi a 1 l 1 os CO CO • I 1 1 1 1 1 1 j Age-distribution ® CO 00 NN 0»0 rH CO OS O 1-H CM rH Ttl to 0Joui ao sjcaA oz as 0 1 10 1- 0 1 1 00 1 i SJB8.£ 61 OI SI oo OS O CM O CO 50 * ” 8 CO SJB81 f\ 01 01 r- O CM NCO r>. 0 1 co t"- 1 CO CM sjboA 6 oi 9 s© co 1 co 00 co CM CM 1 CM 1 to sanaA 9 Japujq t© 2 ! » co 1 • 1 1 II 1 r II 1 1 ii 1 instructional staff IBloj, u- u- CO ^ CO os ^ co saaqoBai uioojssbio e© <0 co CM H 10 00 j s sjaqOBai puB [Bdiauud SuistAJadng N i j q © s pS o p o P CO p 05 w •SB g« -Sn £ j q § P 73 CQ oo.a oooi -fi-G’- o o£h coca >. * o ® I'Hls 'Cm0 ?C3 £ 03 a1-1 § Ofl 0^0 gOQ Bffl Vineland State School, SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 159 g C i i t* j ; j 00 oc ’ |8afl 8 ! a ! 1 lO 1 : ! ! N- OC ' sSi§§! \ § s § g IT ! CO 10 1 t> j 00 ® § w £ 88 CO s ! 0 s 10 1 i ! M H r- ; ! ! co 0 ■ f ; a ! 1 r 1 s oo § CO » ! 40 i 2 tj- • 10 1> • ir 1 CM t- ' *nm a lO 8 , ! |s a 2 ) to 05 1 -g- l CO CO 00 ! | r j r ! ! UO 1 1 • ! i i j j 1 1 3 1 10 1> “s** 1 H CC ' a&33?5 CC * 00 8<° 8 CO j ! j 1 CO j ' : °>£aaa 3*° ; j j p r-H (N 1 j : ' S i 2 2 3 4 4 j *H i-h 8 COHO o ^ sjboA g Japan »o 1 1 1 » 1 1 i i l 1 1 to I 1 1 1 Instructional staff l^ioj. coco cjoscococo'^cocseo sjoqooai raoojssBio CO c* to CO HOOWiO r—> CO to 00 H SJ9qOB91 pun iBdxouiJd §uisiAJ9dng Institution - Oklahoma State Institution for Feeble-minded, Enid . . . . . The Pearson School, Muskogee... . Oregon Oregon Fairview Home, Salem _ Pennsylvania Rosehill School, Chester Heights _ Elwyn Training School, Elwvn. . Marydell School, Langhorne. . The Woods School, Langhorne. . . Brook wood School, Lansdowne.. . Laurelton State Village, Laurel ton . The Chamberlain School, Media. . Pennhurst State School, Pennhurst. Polk State School, Polk. . . SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 161 157 10 4 i 1 i » i CO * 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 31 10 55 18 58 04 1 l *0 CO §4 »o i 1 • 1 • 1 i o CO - 57 1 296 3 47 105 12 17 CO 120 127 28 51 125 40 rH CD co 3 51 2 92 39 38 co 46 31 2 7 !>• CO io o 00 ■ i i • 04 t>- » i > i i i i i i i i S I O® CO t" (M CO IO 00 >0 iH CO CO CO «5CS 00 CO CO TT SUIUIBJ; 9SU9S PUB U9')JB3j9pUiy[ CD o o CO ojidende 9jb oqM jeqranjq 5 CO 1 Intelligence-distribution pqoj, a 05 co 00 (M 05 »o 9Jom jo sjb9£ OZ as CO o sjbo£ 61 0? SI CD t-H P5 P Q 55 < O i— i P PQ P P I (- o 3«& ill )H»CN ) ^ O GO >OTfO S8S 5 s 88 50 CM O CO *H lO Tfi 00 -H< of 050 IOiO( > CM .-< < > 05 05 ■ fflNOM OlrfOm CO ^ ^ 00 sfsftfg NOOO 323 88S CM CO CO d-Hia t—i CO CM 03 T3 <■5 ra S ■Sag ra a 3 =» S 3T3.2 f ®ts 2 o « MMM MM MMM 882 HCO^ 147 ss 150 135 360 328 ; ; ; 4-» ! • • 1 j i 1 CO 1 J bfl 3 ! Ph J 4 ! ig i P o ® 'co » ®d El - i i rj . 4« : : ® : [P s ® s H ax: g, S c3+i C3J3M ,3 bL<, 60 0 « Or; eg 42 o ® *■3? 111 O enra 0 3 0 .c-ora g'&s •3 ° ® .SPQtf 2 C3 Cfl asa ® J8 £ _g,Q J2 cajg^ ra«1-< S| 3 ,2 ra « ■s ’a 2 ra 03 h § g •GO C ^<1 Eg of’® I’S's- if! sii f! ^ o ura w.eg o -e s O raO Morrison . ....I 147 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 X I 64, 446 I . I 64,446 1 7,254 I 417 1 7,671 I 64,956 I 4,162 1 69,118 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 165 166 & w « c p S o . H £ W P O’ g 3 p Q P O P CQ P o o K O GG P i— i H 55 P Q OQ P Pi P H -< & £‘1! PI & £ S ■*f — M 00 O O0 lO>C i-H 00 O iJ' lOlO CO Jt^T ' — T © , cj .3 > .-s £ s go O p, n © .©c-* O o O O -©.3 33 cqPQ MM 15 ii 3 ° CG 1-5 MM State School for Boys, South SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 46, 739 36, 110 203, 848 28, 609 118, 609 64, 258 N- O N- O ^oT *o ^ 11, 191 41, 666 296, 931 37, 090 29, 944 26, 800 177, 141 15, 000 150, 260 56. 250 3, 828 Tf4 l O *C 1 o 00 ' *o ' N^ O CO O 05 *o 00 CO' Tt4' 46, 739 32, 282 203,848 27, 755 118, 609 56, 758 rt4' aT *C Tt4 11, 191 41, 666 283, 431 132, 197 29, 944 26, 800 177, 141 15, 000 150, 260 56. 250 8, 983 493 1, 433 20, 787 6,793 Tt4 CO O CO *o CO O CO CO r-T CO rH 4, 532 3, 900 20, 056 6, 502 9, 084 27. 620 6, 860 493 179 1, 877 648 o 00 C5 O CO *0 rH CM CO cq 3, 141 502 1, 389 6. 620 2, 123 1, 254 18, 910 6, 145 Ht4 CO rt4 *o" § g 00 CO CO rH 3, 960 3, 900 16, 915 6, 000 7,695 21. 000 45, 785 37, 332 202, 409 26, 697 118, 609 64, 258 27, 000 154, 477 49, 500 9, 751 41, 666 296, 931 137, 390 231, 135 30, 469 26, 800 20, 000 4 191, 204 15, 000 156, 689 56. 250 27, 783 20, 254 65, 315 l I co 1 1 00 1 1 *o oT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 30, 469 18, 002 17, 078 137, 094 26, 697 118, 609 63, 389 27, 000 154, 477 49, 500 41, 666 296, 931 137, 390 231, 135 26, 800 20, 000 15, 000 156, 689 56. 250 ; |m MMM X MM MM M M M iij X X X X M M M ;m i M X X X X M M *C *OCO CO 000*0 (NlOO CO H(N»OCO O CO *0 CO NOOHM o L- 05 C5 CM 00 00 O ^JT^C5 00 CO CM O CM 00 ^ > 'w O ■s® So w o oO ii GQ _ a 5 o «J 0? *s® ah's 8s§|sa 3 3 <3 o oPQ 0.3 MM cqM Ph .3 J a w O Jjt- cq -2 rH c/5 ’3 o M g.s ■2 © P O ^ *3 5 if, bS bd c3 CQ c3 O s as w bfi p .a 3 © _ 1 It O JJ’S <3 o bfi J£.a W o 3 •a M’S O 3 fn j'-i >» h 3 o ?o Eh >> 3 . w 3 m O ®3!^ >» °m „ mil- §■•§ xl i 3 © 3 ©.3 o M CQ a 1 i >> o a^fe *- ‘".Q O' ®s s 2|g g?& >» i-ga” a '“os S il|l i&j M,a n © ° ® 15 © .2 M m 13 3 iS 3 S* 3 2 2 tP ce 3 3 3 00 3^ g, ^ pM»a^ ‘C bO^ 3 a^ •<1 'to © .33 7? <3 ft JHJ •S'3m CQ o ^ tXDrC O ri O O .y rn £2 3 O s>tt ® “ > 3 +2 >» PJ /y* c3 O cqPQO 11 OT 3 ©1—1 © M M 167 3 Reported as a school for delinquents and dependents. 4 Includes balance on hand. 168 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 34-3 6 y y P y i— i a o H & W P c? & (— I y y P Oh O y CO o o a o CO y PH H a W Q H- ( CO W Ph W H <1 So or® Ph 3 O. ^ g « O a 03TJ > 3 •C 3 Ph *" •° a s g Ph«2 i T3 o ano 5 os aa 3 O m 85 2 .o I ® s ;&a 3ig = § ®'f ^ o 8 c3 cl 05 /H 3 Ih £ 2 s 3 H 0,0 q, §s tss CO r-t t* CO 00 ^ *0 o t^oo CO CO 00 CO MM M M MMM MM M M M 0 ©rh nU &3|Jg® ° a0 pq § - a> o S"Sm GGJh a Oos 3 :S ! >> o ■ X3 p-5 O a> o W-H °a ® •a«2 3®s •sr®l§ §32oj2g; a >>®l2 « a. >2 "5 *g |s © ~ M JS m M >i Ut O O OX® „*°W o ®_ So .2 ’geo *- III C3T3 $ y rj M C_i J_, CO CO © y OcoM Chester. SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 169 jjj 1; : gs§ 1 a Is g i g ! i i § S g : : : : : : «*s\£ • tO 8 S' ft f j * rf j i s s : : : : : ; : : : : 1 1 O to : ss i is ii ! ill! i i i i i i i ! ! ! ! ! ! to ; i , • *— « iS jco ; • 1 • • ~ • : \ * i : : i i * i Ml i i ! 18 8 1 Is S i S § i i i S ill tf| i "'3- 8 § 1-' 1" | i *j ! S 1 S S§§3 11 as i -333 SS S s 8 8 i S § ; ; «r s : i Ills II IS i ! ^ercoVr oTeo H— I PP Ph Q 55 C O i— i ►P PP IP Ph I 3lS 2 § a o fa ® Eh S g< o& CO Tj< 00 *D 00 CO *0 3 ^ fl.o g, 00 os ITS r* co i-T S 8 r- r- 2 8 § 8 CM 05 CO CO 8 88 io >o — c M X flO PPls v-< m — . 3 O x3 o •S 03 J-H © 39 X3 O .2 2 ‘3 ’3 bjti'hJ) >> iX3 cS CQ 3 >-% 3 O 2 |g-§ a 2 ® ’So o ’So,P M.tjXJ.hEH > > 2 gw oJ£ o pq.bO tnO n 3 -2 %S 5 1 ®1 § ■sg-g S “WM .3 ff, 1 K 3 3 3 ' o® ; ^ 3^3 ; e3 a rt a ’C c CO CO pp .w o £ 00 tS ate Scnool for ashington St Chehalis _ est Virginia I est Virginia Ii est Virginia 1 Lakin . . d d "d'd d d .9 .9 *G0 ’cO d d o o o o CO CO CO r-J 'S'3 b>3 3 3 3 9 o o >>>5 oq?£ fir' £ •is o on o o o o o o .3.3 X X X X XX XX X MM MX £ ”, 03 [3 o ffl 3 -CS “to d o^2 PUPIL DATA SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 173 o PQ —T H. « § a, — o . 0»o o.S'S o c to — o S O fl-OCQ •So® .s«« £ 05 cS su ra-<< •O'” a = g« “ g a0! S §1 > o g 03 5 ■o © o t-m o c — 300 *2 o a T3 raO 62484-38- ■12 Long Lane Farm (for girls), Middletown . I 141 I 20 I 161 I 117 1 1 This section of table 27 includes only institutions for which educational data were reported to the Office of Education. J Pupils who spend full time in occupational activities not inclu4^4 here. 174 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 55 P P Q P KH W o H 55 P P O’ 55 HH P p P P O P CO p O O ffl o co P »— i H 55 P P l-H CO p p p H <5 > H-l P P Q 55 <1 O c3 ■w m 1C >i C cS -w > CS lO j a a S3 § 3 E5 a a all 5 H 0^-3 O <1 .£ c* .g “ ^ O 5 oS & H w moo a S S3 •3 2® 2 o Ow r\ ’otS'o cqU o ill ill ®3a CU^H ^ w w x 00 , 03 c3 .a ■s«® fe«2>2 *oo o © © o J3 nUO oMCQ CO be bj) ® a a S a a 5 S 5 ►3i5£ T3 S 3 ! §> frcafc ^^0*2 I i-si offlO-S £&& g> l§ll o-P-P c3 •P O O >-. •g M GO Eh ol P'S >S5-a £33g p'O'p'p flfl P A OhhH O <3 03 co ©SS * ftp M^zn O -*-» *co Q ^<1 'o - ®s a §• p “hpq tH ,0 ' oPh n OH O »-.« 3"§ <2 CO ’’g GO bCi— I bfl s.a >,.« 11 i °£ 3 B pH g ■a^1 'C c3 c3 w w § § M 005 oThh TJGGi? 5fflO .geo 3 .a so C_| 03 ~ ^•Po ®0 o cs .-a Gdi 03 ® BC to M •c >> •3 O Opq 03 C8 a a .3. 03 'S'S SCHOOLS AND CLASSES FOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 175 WNW i ' i i | | O i • i * III i i i : : ; l i N 1 1 1 i ! ! I ! ?J j] |! 323 100 35 95 213 54 © 8 SSS-gg ggg 203 70 4 140 118 9 25 14 336 173 33 05 L3S2 is 832 r i l i CO 1 CO » J i i i j I j j 8 ! oo ! ! ! : i i i ! : : : I ill i 9Z 981 09 ZZ Qt S 2 S3 i i j j 80 77 50 80 :2S3 S S 8 8 S8 = |£ES2 3 8 8S §|2 US'* 3 S 22 SSggffigi sggssg 83 : 8 8 j i r-l 0* is |sb i i is- iss i i i i j j 88 j is- i g ss 22 s is ; ill 111 * Some pupils in 176 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 £ W Ph Q P hH W o H £ w P o* & p w Q P5 o p co P O O w o CO p < H- 1 H £ P Q H-l 02 W Ph w H > i— i Ph Ph Q £ < O HH P P P Ph I > HN^ON wooococo COO P 3 : >>>■§ WO 3 3 Mo'S ooab- oo-3 §§ a a‘3°-g §•'§£ K a§|aa OJ OJ « 03 O S ® o £ © 9 &o ?3w^ t/3 >-. cnHH s- .a g s ar2.pt. »-oqr H O'hM ^ JS rt 3® o g ifg|. all O 3 -W '61 o o w-g ,2.2 ■a. q .a a m ■gs h a 32 S .£ c3 o55 SCHOOLS AND CLASSES EOR EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 177 ! ! : : : : ! ; ; 55 :M i i i : i : - 2S|§3 05 ON 05 a -! gs S a gis 8 a as i 1 o i i i i i l i 1 CO 1 IH ICO • 1 1 ! o • 1 CO 1 i i i- : i ! 05 i a i a1- j | CO *• 2 3 is js i i ; ; 00 s <35 133 2 | gssll?is CO a 5 8 OZI ozz 9 s a! sg ff32§12S»? ^ 52 a § [o ni 178 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 4-3 6 £ ft ft ft ft s o H ft P i— i ft ft ft ft Hi o HH P ft P ft O o3 © »C >> O 03 -U © O >> S'® © 3 >>s H CO o 50 0O 50 i00 05 05kCftHO iCONrnlOCOOO I iO (M lO rH ^ i! ;Ph !« O C o' ^ W Mpq^gE-1 H, « _ H 0>.P — ng-go g U o o |2§5 £ u O 1 w O o g,d o o 8 «>|.g o'SMn gg.H_ 3 txS.S'S .9 Eh is 5 .s ® ^ © '§ ®'2 ® E-^S^cq 3 3 X! 3 -3 I§ .3 >> 0,2 05 00 i o CO . p ^ O ca £S£3 I ^ h x b£ ~ p cxq-£ a g-g 03 “2J CO'm © © ‘ fe O 3 ‘2-Q4as° O ;~0 P t«3 kW2 >, 0 ! 3 . 5 PI 3, ®0 © © -3'-' *-. i-, Eh OO (2 go ^ 2 © o-® S 9.8 8 r So g i— i O c/2 bD o *hh co o o 3 fl m w ® O ft3 rft .ft r-, ■S-9 3.aq .sw- O P 7s >> 3 ® Sis-g g o-g g3 -^E-i geo § ^l-ssl^-So ,_OP,pnnPw 2^ a dL , ° m H dn c3' ■ o gg©|£H ISS^: 2>©ggS.-~ ©X3 3 © SSJ^rH 5SPh^PhOPIPPh-