LIBRARY National education association WASHINGTON, D. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES. Secretary OFFICE OF EDUCATION J. W. STUDEBAKER, Commissioner BULLETIN, 1933, No. 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION 1930-1932 I NATIONAL LIBRARY OF EDUC/) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1935 THE OFFICE OF EDUCATION Created as a department March 2, 1867 Made an office of the Interior Department July 1, 1869 COMMISSIONERS Henry Barnard, LL. D. March lJh 1867, to March 15, 1870 John Eaton, Ph. D., LL. D March 16, 1870, to August 5, 1886 Nathaniel H. R. Dawson, L. H. D. August 6, 1886, to September 3, 1889 William? T. Harris, Ph. D., LL. D. . September 12, 1889, to June 30, 1906 I Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph. D., LL. D. July i, 1906, to June 30, 1911 Philander Priestley Claxton, Litt. D., LL. D. July 8, 1911, to June 1, 1921 John James Tigert, M. A. (Oxon), Ed. D., LL. D. June 2, 1921, to August 31, 1928 William John Cooper, Ed. D., Litt. D., LL. D. February 11, 1929, to July 10, 1933 George F. Zook, Ph. D., LL. D., Litt. D. July 11, 1933, to June 30, 1934 John W. Studebaker, LL. D. October 23, 1934 CONTENTS Prepace. Statistical summary of education, 1931-32. Chapter I. Statistics of State school systems, 1931-32. II. Statistics of city school systems, 1931-32. III. Statistics of higher education, 1931-32. IV. Statistics of nurse-training schools, 1930-31. V. Statistics of private elementary schools, 1930-31. VI. The education of exceptional children, 1931-32. VII. A review of educational legislation, 1931-32. Index. , . : .. :s\* ■■ ■; ••• • .■> Vv ‘ ' •' < ; •: - ■ • . . ; :• i . '■ . ' •• ‘ • JO. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : BESS GOODYKOONTZ ACTING COMMISSIONER STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1931-32 THE PREFACE TO THE BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1930-1932 BU LLETIN , 1933, No. 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] PREPARED BY EMERY M. FOSTER, CHIEF' DIVISION OF STATISTICS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1934 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 5 cents ■ ' . PREFACE STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 1931-32 INTRODUCTION THIS SUMMARY brings together data from the various statistical chapters of the Biennial Survey of Education, 1930-32, each of which deals with a segment only of the educational system. Each has been published separately as chapters in Bulletin, 1933, No. 2, as follows: Chapter I. Statistics of State School Systems, 1931-32. Chapter II. Statistics of City School Systems, 1931-32. Chapter III. Statistics of Higher Education, 1931-32. Chapter IV. Statistics of Nurse-Training Schools, 1930-31. Chapter V. Statistics of Private Elementary Schools, 1930-31. Chapter VI. The Education of Exceptional Children, 1931-32. While these do not cover all schools, a large enough portion of all educational enterprises is included to give a general picture of the entire situation. HOW MANY SCHOOLS ARE THERE? A school as defined for the statistics of this Office is a 1-room school employing only 1 teacher, or a school of 2 or more rooms usually housed in the same building and having an administrative head. An elementary school, a high school, and a junior college all in the same building are counted as three schools. Table 1 shows 276,555 schools of different types about which this Office receives information. Individual reports are received from more than 40,000 of these schools. The rest are reported in State totals by the 48 State departments of education. It is necessary to estimate the number of public elementary schools from the number of buildings. The estimate of 232,750 for 1932 is 5,556 fewer schools than in 1930, due to the closing of 1-room schools. With actual decreases taking place in the number of elementary school pupils and increases in the number of high-school pupils, coupled with consolidation of small schools, it is to be expected that the number of elementary schools will continue to decrease and the number of high schools to increase. There are 26,409 public high schools listed in the records of this Office for 1933-34. In 1930 there were only 23,930, including junior high schools. 86848—34 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 1. — Total number of schools of various types, 1931-82 State Elementary schools High schools 1 Univer¬ sities, col¬ leges, and professional schools 2 Teachers colleges and normal schools 2 Schools for deaf, blind, feeble¬ minded, and delinquent 3 4 Private commercial schools Nurse-training schools Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Continental United States _ 232, 750 9, 734 26, 409 3, 289 293 878 251 38 4 300 118 651 1, 844 5, 350 102 494 62 4 g 6 1 7 5 36 499 28 69 14 2 1 2 3 4 3 4, 748 67 578 27 9 11 2 4 6 23 California . . 6; 978 266 655 171 35 45 7 1 9 44 53 2, 858 74 268 29 5 10 3 6 1 6 20 Connecticut.. . . 1, 223 154 113 64 2 11 5 3 5 3 17 25 287 21 36 10 2 3 1 1 6 District of Columbia. . 162 36 27 35 1 11 2 1 3 3 5 12 2, 020 44 381 41 4 6 6 12 18 6,072 34 676 46 9 22 5 6 10 39 1, 459 29 191 14 2 4 2 4 1 10 Illinois . - 13, 609 896 1, 150 154 7 52 7 5 9 6 31 134 Indiana _ - 3, 501 337 902 52 2 25 2 2 7 1 18 32 Iowa _ 11, 686 342 1, 013 141 23 33 1 6 2 13 46 Kansas _ 8, 843 241 777 51 13 23 3 5 1 18 52 Kentucky. _ _ . . 7, 950 200 844 92 4 26 6 4 1 13 31 Louisiana. _ 2, 962 200 447 79 5 7 2 5 2 5 17 Maine _ 2, 488 63 233 61 1 4 7 4 5 32 Maryland. . _ 1,640 162 215 65 3 16 5 7 8 6 28 Massachusetts _ 2, 591 366 464 157 2 31 11 5 12 8 26 102 Michigan _ 8, 666 420 813 143 13 17 24 7 6 23 48 Minnesota _ 8, 875 333 605 83 8 22 6 2 7 2 14 59 Mississippi _ 5, 690 43 843 51 11 16 2 4 6 37 Missouri _ _ _ 9. 613 462 1, 126 95 10 41 8 1 6 3 11 39 Montana _ _ _ 3,342 37 227 16 4 2 2 5 3 16 Nebraska . 7,123 276 725 51 4 13 4 2 6 1 3 19 Nevada _ _ 295 1 39 1 1 New Hampshire. . . 904 ■ 73 113 34 1 3 3 2 4 23 New Jersey _ _ 2,214 303 232 116 1 15 6 1 9 7 24 52 New Mexico 993 37 167 18 4 2 6 2 New York . . 10, 352 995 1, Q39 302 5 63 15 7 18 25 71 152 North Carolina. _ 5, 695 44 958 58 6 34 7 1 10 10 59 North Dakota _ 5,035 55 577 23 4 1 5 4 8 17 Ohio _ 6, 162 605 1, 374 154 6 48 3 1 9 3 38 80 Oklahoma _ 5, 736 83 1, 080 52 15 8 6 6 1 15 22 Oregon _ 1, 721 71 313 30 2 11 3 2 5 6 13 Pennsylvania _ 11,728 846 1,243 239 1 67 17 1 11 17 53 159 Rhode Island _ 445 70 41 20 1 2 1 4 1 7 11 South Carolina _ 3, 788 19 400 30 7 14 6 7 26 South Dakota _ . 5,222 68 408 23 3 8 4 4 3 19 Tennessee... . _ 5,226 52 751 56 3 29 4 1 9 1 17 30 Texas 11, 836 348 1, 550 91 28 51 n 10 31 70 Utah . . . . 530 10 184 8 3 6 3 2 6 Vermont . . _. 1, 331 25 98 21 1 3 2 3 1 12 Virginia _ _ _ _ 5, 309 56 546 76 6 24 6 9 2 10 45 Washington.. _ . 2,249 119 391 45 5 10 3 1 7 19 27 West Virginia _ _ . 6, 110 54 406 18 3 7 7 6 40 Wisconsin _ _ _ 8, 144 5CQ 495 69 1 17 26 6 3 13 36 Wyoming. _ _ 1, 490 132 2 1 3 6 1 Number of cards in file, including junior high schools. 2 Number reporting to Office of Education. 3 Not including public city-school classes. 4 Does not include 1 school in Puerto Rico. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 3 HOW MANY PUPILS ARE ENROLLED? About a fourth of the total population of the United States is attending school daily. More than 30,550,000 students were enrolled in full-time day schools in 1931-32, of which 88.5 percent were in schools under public control. In 1929-30 only 88.3 percent of the students were in public institutions. About 27,000,000 students were in public schools and 3,500,000 in private. About 23,570,000 pupils are on the elementary school level, 5,590,000 on the secondary school level, and 1,150,000 on the college level. About 67,600 handicapped children are enrolled in State and private residential schools for exceptional children. More than 56,000 Indians and 4,600 natives of Alaska are enrolled in Federal Government schools. At intervals of 4 to 6 years the Office of Education gathers data for nurse-training schools and private commercial schools. The latest figures, 1930-31, show about 100,000 students in each of these types of schools. Table 2 does not include the enrollments in night and summer schools, correspondence and extension and short courses of 4 days or more in colleges. In the public-school system there were 1,064,000 people in night schools, 485,500 in summer schools, and 257,000 in part-time and continuation schools. Table 3 shows more than 850,000 students enrolled in summer schools or extension and correspondence courses conducted by colleges, in 1931-32. Table 2. — School and college enrollments , according to public and private control , 1981-82 ( summer sessions excluded) 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 * Estimated. 3 Includes pupils in “training schools.’ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 5 Table 3. — Number of students taking some form of college work , 1900-1932 Year 1 1932 - 1930 - 1928 - 1926 - 1924 - 1922 - 1920— . 1918 - 1916 _ 1915 _ 1910 _ 1905 - 1900 - Universities and colleges Teachers colleges Collegiate students in normal schools Total Regular year Sum¬ mer session Exten¬ sion corre¬ spond¬ ence Reg¬ ular year Sum¬ mer session Exten¬ sion corre¬ spond¬ ence Reg¬ ular year Sum¬ mer session Exten¬ sion corre¬ spond¬ ence Regular year Sum¬ mer session Exten¬ sion corre¬ spond¬ ence 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ia. 989, 757 924, 275 868, 793 767, 263 664, 266 550, 906 462, 445 330, 689 354, 325 303, 233 266, 654 199, 045 167, 999 277, 700 249, 150 239, 570 209, 454 189, 943 148, 063 94, 838 78, 059 89, 438 83, 234 i 208,992 294, 044 292, 074 273, 235 144, 858 119, 708 83, 100 50, 314 138, 720 118,411 114, 618 85, 207 58, 896 56, 432 54, 721 125, 002 119,111 120,019 92, 588 74, 619 72, 248 38, 011 2 50, 717 52, 290 61,090 40, 076 32, 362 24, 665 13, 360 26, 106 43,113 46, 627 49, 609 11, 240 11, 683 19, 745 23, 187 38, 419 13, 563 3 5, 556 7,799 7,082 11,508 16. 927 10, 790 5, 202 1,154,583 1,085.799 1,030.038 902. 079 734, 402 607, 338 517, 166 330, 689 354, 325 303, 233 266, 654 199, 045 167, 999 414, 390 388, 006 382, 776 340. 461 278, 125 220,311 132, 849 78, 059 89, 438 83, 234 4 265,265 354, 133 360, 246 324, 819 194, 147 155, 163 101, 662 50, 314 1 168,148 noncollegiate students omitted. 2 4,724 noncollegiate students omitted. 3 2,049 noncollegiate students omitted. 4 174,921 noncollegiate students omitted. Since there is some duplication between students in the regular year and the summer session of colleges, and between those in the summer session and extension and correspondence work, it is not possible to show the exact total number of different persons taking some form of college work; but including the duplicates there were 1,834,238 enroll¬ ments in some form of college education in 1932. This may represent about one and three-quarter million different persons. In addition, 174,296 persons were taking noncollegiate correspondence and exten¬ sion courses offered by colleges and universities. Comparisons between enrollments at different educational levels at different periods from 1890 to 1930 can be made from table 4. The latest complete tabulation of private kindergarten enrollment was made in 1924, but from data on a partial study of private elemen¬ tary schools for 1930-31, a kindergarten enrollment of 62,269 pupils has been estimated. The economic situation, however, affected kin¬ dergarten enrollments earlier than other types of public schools and therefore there were fewer children in kindergarten in 1932 than in 1930. It should be noted that there was a constant increase of about 13 or 14 percent in elementary school enrollment each decade1 from 1890 to 1930, but that there was a drop in the actual number of pupils enrolled of 138,936 in these schools from 1930 to 1932. Enrollments of secondary students! have continued to increase. The number of such students doubled from 1890 to 1900, dropped to 1 The same grades have been included each decade. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 a 60-percent increase from 1900 to 1910, and has doubled again each decade since. In the past biennium the increase was 793,005 students, or 6.5 percent. The number of college students has continued to increase especially at the level of graduate education. The 50-percent increase in the number of college students each decade from 1890 to 1910 reached 68 percent from 1910 to 1920 and 82 percent from 1920 to 1930. In the last biennium the increase was 68,782 students, or 6.3 percent. Table 4 .—Kindergarten, elementary , commercial , secondary , normal school, and college enrollments, 1890-1932 Schools 1890 1900 1905 1910 1 2 3 4 5 i 31, 227 12, 519, 518 1, 661, 897 225, 394 14, 983, 859 1, 240, 925 * 311, 050 15, 788, 598 1,347,000 » 346, 189 16, 898, 791 1, 558, 437 Public elementary schools and kindergartens . . Private elementary schools and kindergartens (largely estimated) . _ . . . _ . . 14, 181, 415 16, 224, 784 17, 135, 598 18, 457, 228 Public high schools . . . . 202, 963 94, 931 51, 749 8, 170 519, 251 110, 797 56, 285 9, 570 679, 702 107, 207 63, 421 15, 824 915, 061 117, 400 66, 042 12, 890 Private high schools _ _ _ Preparatory schools (in colleges and universities) _ ■Secondary students in normal schools _ _ _ Total secondary students _ _ ^ _ 357, 813 695, 903 866, 154 1, 111, 393 Normal schools and teachers colleges (excluding sec¬ ondary students) ... 34, 814 121, 942 69, 593 167, 999 65, 300 199, 045 88, 561 266, 654 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (exclud¬ ing preparatory students) . . . . Total college and normal st udents _ 156, 756 78, 920 237, 592 91, 549 264, 345 146, 086 355, 215 155, 244 Private commercial and business schools . . . Schools 1915 1920 1930 1932 1 6 7 8 9 Kindergartens (public and private) . . . . 486, 800 18, 375, 225 1, 615, 091 510, 949 19, 378, 927 1, 485, 561 777, 899 21, 278, 593 2, 309, 886 763, 699 21, 182, 472 2, 384, 181 Public elementary schools and kindergartens _ Private elementary schools and kindergartens (largely estimated) _ _ Total elementary and kindergarten . . 19, 990, 316 20, 864, 488 23, 588, 479 23, 566, 653 Public high schools _ _ _ 1, 328, 984 155, 044 67, 440 13, 504 4 2, 199, 389 * 213, 920 59,309 22, 058 4, 399, 422 6 341, 158 47, 309 11, 978 5, 140, 021 403, 415 33, 750 15, 686 Private high schools _ _ Preparatory schools (in colleges and universities). _ Secondary students in normal schools _ Total secondary students . . . 1, 564, 972 2, 494, 676 4, 799, 867 5, 592, 872 Normal schools and teachers colleges (excluding sec¬ ondary students) _ 100, 325 303, 233 135, 412 462, 445 161, 524 924, 275 164, 360 989, 757 Colleges, universities, and professional schools (exclud¬ ing preparatory students) _ Total college and normal students . . . . 403, 558 183, 268 597, 857 335, 161 1, 085, 799 e 179, 756 1, 154,117 102, 28 > Private commercial and business schools . . » 1888. 2 Private kindergarten data for 1902. s 1912. 4 From State reports. 3 1928. « 1929. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 7 HOW MANY STUDENTS GRADUATE ? It is estimated that more than 833,000 students graduated from high school in 1931-32, and reports show 138,000 graduating from first- degree courses in colleges. The rapid increase in the number of grad¬ uates from high school from 1920 to 1930 continued the past biennium with more than 25-percent increase. There were 12.7 percent more students graduated from colleges in 1932 than in^l930. High-school and college graduates Year High school College Year High school College 1890 _ 43, 731 94, 884 156, 429 311,266 357,000 14, 306 25, 324 34, 178 48, 622 61,668 1924... . 498, 006 561,469 596, 655 665, 223 833, 252 82, 783 96, 956 111,161 122, 484 138, 063 1900 . 1926 1910 _ 1928 _ 1920 . . 1930 . 1922 _ 1932 _ _ Latest data available (1929) on the percentage of high-school graduates continuing their education the year following their gradua¬ tion shows that a little more than a third went directly to college and about an eighth, in addition, went to some other type of institu¬ tion. High-school graduates continuing their education , 1921-29 1 Year Percent attending college the next year after gradua¬ tion Percent attending some other institution Boys Girls - Total Boys Girls Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929 . . 35.9 27.9 31.5 8.6 16.3 12.9 1927. . 35.0 27.0 31.2 8.1 15.7 12.3 1925 . . . 37.4 27.8 32.0 9.0 17.9 13.7 1923 _ _ _ 37.2 25.7 30.5 10. 1 17.4 13.6 1921 . . . 39.8 22.5 31.4 9.2 15.5 14.4 1 Most recent data available. It is estimated that in 1932 there were 1,900,000 living college graduates, and 8,100,000 living high-school graduates who had not continued their education through college. Therefore, out of every 1,000 persons 21 years of age and over in 1932, there were about 25 with college degrees and 109 with high-school diplomas but not a college degree, making 134 who have gone through high school or bevond . HOW MANY TEACHERS ARE THERE? There are approximately 1,063,000 teachers in all types of schools in the United States. About 700,000 of these are in elementary schools, about 250,000 in secondary schools, and about 90,000 in -colleges. Table 5. — Distribution of teachers for 6 periods 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 1932 Total 3 3881 1 1 Isissl i i ggtfsf * 6: rf J?*-4 I i ■ ‘ o S Women S3 Ills 3 I ims ! ! gSSS - *; * ^ : j i i § s 2 Men *3 Sssl 1 i Sills 1 i tgOCOOT rH O CO rH,H j j g f 2 1930 $ 3 573, 718 i 138, 774 2 60, 101 2 13,631 1,251 14,460 0 3 652 7, 588 880 * 2, 211 « 6, 571 1, 132 1 1 Men S ills 8g°838BS5 i i tC^Tr-Tod H* to'to j j 8 § 1920 Women a IsSS lllaslSsl 15 co o oo os -Tto'-H to co of o S' 1 Men 00 63,024 32, 386 6,322 5,698 2, 714 21, 644 982 10, 603 2,963 597 2,976 « 1, 165 141 { s lO 3 40 1910 Women 389,952 22, 777 29, 572 6,634 1,741 3,230 6, 597 1,200 2,352 2, 456 8,000 471, 633 Men » SISs Is illlssl 1 goduSV (nV jcoVT HHH rH 158, 574 1900 Women 286, 274 10, 200 19, 768 5,842 1,601 2,110 1, 847 665 699 1,650 1, 793 7,150 339, 599 Men 116, 416 10, 172 6, 648 4,275 / 2,599 1 8,987 8, 277 1,068 792 1,413 813 1,189 1,350 163, 999 1890 Women CO 232,925 5,472 15, 199 3,937 2, 783 i ill! 1 267, 653 Men N 121, 877 3,648 6,807 3,272 } 5,675 4, 758 1, 133 564 644 } 1,050 149,428 { - Public elementary schools . . . . . Public high schools _ Private elementary schools (estimated) . Private high schools _ _ _ _ _ Universities and colleges: Preparatory departments . . uonegiaie uepariuienis _ Other departments . . Professional schools _ _ _ _ reacners colleges ana normal scnoois, public _ Teachers colleges and normal schools, private. .. Commercial and business schools _ Schools for defectives and delinquents . . Indian and Alaskan schools _ Kindergartens: Public . . . . Private Total, including undistributed items _ STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 9 Although there was a decrease in the number of teachers in public elementary schools from 1930 to 1932, the increase in the number of high-school and college teachers has more than counteracted this loss. There were 25,371 more teachers in 1932 than in 1930. The gain was 12,563, or 5.8 percent, for men, and 12,808, or 1.6 percent, for women. About 21.6 percent of all teachers were men as compared with 20.93 percent in 1930. WHAT IS THE INCOME FOR SCHOOLS? The estimated total income for all education from kindergarten through college, public and private, reporting to this Office in 1931-32 was $3,083,808,785. Of this amount $2,459,000,000 was for ele¬ mentary and secondary education, about $567,000,000 for colleges, and about $58,000,000 for residential schools for exceptional children. About 82 percent of the income was for schools under public control. About 80 percent was from public sources. However, in public institutions 97.5 percent of the funds came from public sources, while private institutions received only 2.2 percent of their income from these sources. Including income from auxiliary enterprises for comparisons with 1929-30, the income for 1931-32 was $272,297,863, or 7.9 percent less than in 1929-30. Table 6. — Source of income , 1981-32 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 o a|^l -a 7, a o, Sg- GO co o lO CO CO o oS” S3 ^ lO *>73 : "O os w a fe^2 g p © li-l-sa 03 OT-U 03 ® ® ® "o ® ® "O c3 ^ 2 C3 'O t> > •g 2 „ j; o>>« G u w C C 03 PhPh Sd P'S cS P xa 6 o ®3 a® £1 IJ T3 « a ® c3 t3 O. cn ,2 t» || | sassi <*3*5,9.00 N A, O lO CO 05 ^ CO STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF EDUCATION 11 WHAT IS THE AMOUNT OF SCHOOL EXPENDITURES f Including the schools in Alaska and Government schools for Indians, the expenditure for all levels of education, public and pri¬ vate, reporting to this Office in 1931-32 was $2,968,010,400. Of this, approximately $1,700,000,000 was spent for elementary education, $700,000,000 for high-school education, and $544,000,000 for colleges. This does not include the Federal Government schools and resi¬ dential schools for special classes. All publicly supported education can be paid for by 9 cents a day by each person of voting age in 1932. It cost 10 cents a day 2 years before. About 2 cents in addition will pay the bill for private edu¬ cation. Thus the 74,114,268 persons of voting age in 1934, for 11 cents a day could educate 27,000,000 students in public institutions and 3,500,000 more in private institutions. The annual cost per adult for public education was $32.95 and for private education $7.10 in 1931-32. This is a total of $40.05 as compared with $44.34 in 1929-30. Table 7. — Expenditures for schools reporting , 1931-82 ( includes capital outlay) Schools Public Private Total * 2 3 4 Elementary schools (including kindergarten) _ $1,512,819,042 i 661, 831, 513 $171, 490, 015 $1, 684, 309, 057 High schools and academies _ . . . . _ . _ _ _ ... 58,073, 687 719, 905, 200 Universities, colleges, and professional schools (including pre¬ paratory departments)2. . . . . 201,227,057 292,830,831 494, 057,888 Teachers colleges and normal schools 3 _ 47, 426, 251 2, 371, 415 49, 797, 666 Schools for delinquents (1931)4 _ ... ... _ _ 1, 794, 763 240, 222 2, 034, 985 Schools for deaf (1931) 4. _ _ _ 2, 270, 431 490, 013 2, 760, 444 Schools for blind (1931) 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Schools for mentally deficient (1931) 4 .. _ _ 840, 798 222, 854 1, 063, 652 595, 574 149, 147 744, 721 Government schools for Indians 11, 790, 147 841, 652 704,988 11, 790, 147 841, 652 Government schools for natives in Alaska Other public schools in Alaska.— _ _ _ _ _ 704, 988 2,968,010,400 Total expenditures _ _ _ _ _ . . . 2,442,142,216 525,868,184 1 Includes $13,480,495 for night and summer schools reported separately from day school expense. 2 $25,831,616 public, $56,704,225 private, and $82,535,841 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activities not included. 3 $7,789,661 public, $571,795 private, and $8,361,456 total expenditures for auxiliary enterprises and activi¬ ties not included. 4 State and private residential schools only, city public schools not included. The total expenditures for the schools reporting these data for 1931-32 were $2,968,010,400, which was $266,628,167, or 8.2 percent less than the schools spent in 1929-30, although there were 719,380, or 2.42 percent, more students enrolled in 1932 than 2 years before. WHAT IS THE VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY f School plants were worth approximately $758,000,000 more in 1931-32 than in 1929-30, but endowments increased only about $300,000. The total value of these two types of property was $11,974,782,000. 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 While the approximate investment of $10,000,000,000 in educational plants and the $2,000,000,000 in endowments in 1932 seems a large amount of money, it is only 3.6 percent of the total national wealth for that year, estimated unofficially by the National Industrial Conference Board at $329,700,000,000. Since about a fourth of our population is enrolled in schools, an investment of only 3.6 percent of our wealth in education seems small. Table 8. — Estimated value of 'property and endowments , 1981-82 [Thousands of dollars] Schools Land, build¬ ings, and equipment Endow¬ ment funds Total 1 2 3 4 Public elementary and secondary schools _ $6, 581, 540 400, 000 625, 672 2, 249, 942 202, 692 $463, 118 $7, 044, 658 400, 000 705, 141 3, 615, 577 209, 406 Private elementary schools (estimated).... Private high schools _ 79, 469 1, 365, 635 6,714 Universities, colleges, and professional schools _ Teacher-training institutions _ Total _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10, 059,846 1, 914, 936 11, 974, 782 CHANGES IN THE STATISTICAL PROGRAM IN 1932 The 10-year program for the collection of educational statistics under which these data were collected and the changes which have been made in the statistical forms for collecting data from institutions for higher education have limited the number of tabulations presented and the number of figures obtainable which are comparable with those for previous years. Since reports from public high schools are to be requested once in 4 years, these will be collected next for 1933-34. The abridged tabu¬ lations for city school systems every other biennium include totals for all important items but details by level of education (kindergarten, elementary, etc.) will be included in the full report for 1933-34 and every 4 years thereafter. Therefore, the chief data for secondary education in 1931-32 are those available from reports by State departments of education. The statistics on private elementary schools are available for the first time this biennium and the statistics on facilities for the education of exceptional children are more complete than in past years. o UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION : GEORGE F. ZOOK COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 1931-32 being Chapter I of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1930-1932 BULLETIN , 1933 , No. 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] PREPARED IN THE DIVISION OF STATISTICS EMERY M. FOSTER : Chief By DAVID T. BLOSE Assistant Statistician WITH THE COOPERATION OF W. S. DEFFENBAUGH Chief, Division of American School Systems UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1934 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price 10 cents . ' CHAPTER I STATISTICS OF STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1931-32 Prepared by Emery M. Foster, Chief of the Statistical Division; and David T. Blose, Assistant Statistician; and W. S. Deffenbaugh, Chief, Division of American School Systems THE STATISTICS PRESENTED in this report on State school systems relate entirely to the public elementary and secondary schools. In no case have the statistics of colleges, universities, and professional schools been included. A few figures are, however, included for kindergarten and private elementary and secondary schools. The information contained herein has been furnished by the State offices of education in 48 States, the District of Columbia, and the 8 outlying parts of the United States, in 1932. Since one State, Mississippi, replied on only a few items for 1932 most of the data used for that State were for 1930. The statistics for the outlying parts are given in several of the tables, but they are not included in the totals. This chapter includes the combined statistics for all the school districts within each of the States. However, in one section of the report an attempt has been made by subtracting from the totals the corresponding numbers found in chapter II, Statistics of City School Systems, to obtain statistics for places having a population of less than 2,500 or for what is generally regarded as rural territory. The statistics in this chapter include both white and Negro pupils. In a few tables the schools wholly for Negro children have been treated separately. When the terms “elementary ” and “secondary ” (or “high schools”) are used without qualification, they refer to grades 1 to 8 and 9 to 12, respectively, in systems having 12 grades, and to grades 1 to 7 and 8 to 11, respectively, in systems having 11 grades. In order to present data which are comparable with previous years it is necessary to separate the data according to the traditional 8-4 or 7-4 plans, since comparatively few States have been reporting complete data on the various types of reorganized secondary schools. Several tables, however, contain data for reorganized and 4-year high schools to the extent to which State departments are able to report on such schools. Totals for these schools have purposely been omitted in these tables, since only about half of the States supplied data on the reorganized high school. Attention may be called to the fact that it has been found impossible to issue the biennial chapter on statistics for State school systems l 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 until more than a year after the close of the biennium. The usual process is for district school trustees to compile information for the county superintendent’s office. He in turn must compile the data for all the districts in his county. In some States, by the time all the county superintendents have reported to the State office the greater part of a year has elapsed. The State departments, after receiving the reports of the county and city superintendents, must compile the State reports which requires several months’ work. Most of the returns for the year 1931-32 were, however, made to the United States Office of Education with greater promptness than usual. The text that follows has been prepared to show changes in enroll¬ ments, length of school term, average attendance, income, expendi¬ tures, per capita costs, etc., during the biennium 1930-32 to indicate significant trends and the variations that exist among the States. ENROLLMENT The total number of pupils enrolled in the public elementary and secondary day schools during the year 1931-32 was 26,275,441. Of this number 13,337,769 were boys and 12,937,672 were girls. From 1930 to 1932 the total enrollment increased 597,426; that of boys 2.93 per cent, and that of girls 1.71 percent. Within the bien¬ nium the decreases in enrollment ranged from 0.1 percent in North Carolina to 5.7 percent in Arizona. The increases in enrollment ranged from 0.1 percent in Iowa to 10 percent in Nevada, and 11.3 percent in the District of Columbia. Table A.— ENROLLMENTS AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE BY STATES IN 1930 AND 1932 State Enrollments Average daily attendance 1930 1932 Percent of in¬ crease or decrease 1930 1932 Percent of in¬ crease 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States _ 25, 678, 015 26, 275, 441 +2.3 21, 264, 886 22, 245, 344 4.6 Alabama . . 622, 988 639, 836 +2.7 473, 553 508, 837 7.5 Arizona. _ _ _ 103, 806 97, 900 -5.7 75, 969 80, 962 6.6 Arkansas _ _ _ _ 456, 185 446, 151 -2.2 330, 825 338, 909 2.4 California _ _ _ 1, 068, 683 1, 123, 550 +5.2 908, 765 967, 776 6.5 'Colorado . . . 240, 482 247, 074 +2.7 190, 742 199, 165 4.4 •Connecticut... . . 319, 453 325, 493 +1.9 274, 482 285, 206 3.9 Delaware _ _ _ _ ... 42, 360 44, 522 +5.1 36, 255 38, 784 7.0 District of Columbia _ _ ... 80, 965 90, 087 +11.3 68, 312 73, 470 7.6 Florida . . . . 346, 434 367, 758 +6.2 267, 042 292, 728 9.6 Georgia _ _ _ _ 713, 290 742, 756 +4.1 538, 271 572, 343 6.3 Idaho . . . . 120, 947 119, 123 -1.5 98, 479 101, 993 3.6 Illinois. . . . . 1, 395, 907 1, 415, 553 +1.4 1, 203, 537 1, 226, 875 1.9 Indiana.- . . . . . 667, 379 687, 629 +3.0 596, 416 649, 348 8.9 Iowa _ _ 554, 655 555, 341 +• 1 465, 051 478, 370 2.9 Kansas . 431, 166 421, 354 -2.3 364, 801 383, 920 5.2 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Table A.— ENROLLMENTS AND AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE- BY STATES IN 1930 AND 1932— Continued State Enrollments Average daily attendance 1930 1932 Percent of in¬ crease or decrease 1930 1932 Percent of in¬ crease * 2 3 4 5 6 7 Kentucky .. .... . .. . .. 588, 354 613, 119 +4. 2 432, 862 463, 442 7.1 Louisiana . . .. 434, 557 447, 517 +3.0 349, 594 370, 224 5.9 Maine ... _ _ 154, 455 161, 756 +4.7 138, 043 146, 099 5. 8 Maryland _ . _ 277, 459 288, 169 +3.9 235, 555 249, 398 5.9 Massachusetts . . _ _ 759, 492 782, 225 +3.0 675, 676 698, 432 3.4 Michigan. . . . 970, 582 996, 825 +2.7 844, 967 866, 790 2.6 Minnesota. _ _ 551, 741 558, 148 +1.2 456, 836 475, 174 4. C Mississippi _ _ _ .. 595, 449 581, 759 -2.3 436, 162 429, 422 l l.f Missouri.. _ 656, 073 683, 830 +4.2 576, 417 602, 204 4.1 Montana . . . . 120, 337 119, 134 -1.0 105, 327 107, 724 2. c Nebraska _ ... _ .. 325, 216 324, 241 -.3 259, 188 281,888 8+ Nevada. . _ _ _ 18,041 19, 840 +10.0 14, 977 16, 397 9. f New Hampshire. . ... _ 74,240 76, 431 +3.0 65, 966 68, 626 4. C New Jersey . . ... . _ 792, 012 821, 532 +3.7 662, 961 691, 952 4.4 New Mexico _ _ _ 102, 084 109, 525 +7.3 76, 216 83, 657 9+ New York _ _ _ . . 2, 141, 479 2, 240, 196 +4.6 1, 866, 243 1, 958, 164 4.9 North Carolina _ . .. 866,939 865, 681 -.1 672, 895 728, 265 8. 5 North Dakota _ . . _ _ 169, 277 165, 608 -2.2 148, 614 144, 653 12. 7 Ohio.. . .. _ . . - 1, 277, 636 1, 299, 212 +1.7 1, 141, 324 1, 178, 885 3. i Oklahoma _ 682, 650 673, 297 -1.4 470, 090 493, 244 4.9 Oregon . . . ... - 202, 595 204, 792 +1.1 155, 166 197, 224 27. ] Pennsylvania. _ _ _ 1, 937, 433 2, 008, 039 +3.6 1,661, 128 1, 735, 557 4. i Rhode Island _ .. .. . . 118, 704 123, 239 +3.8 102, 584 105, 994 3. \ South Carolina. . . . 469, 370 475, 074 +1.2 348, 482 373, 718 7.5 South Dakota _ _ ... _ 165, 624 164, 914 -.4 138, 635 137, 470 i A Tennessee.. _ .. . . 627, 747 641, 551 +2.2 481, 962 502, 978 4.4 Texas _ _ . . _ . 1, 308, 028 1, 309, 746 +• 1 1, 073, 847 1, 057, 665 i l.l Utah... _ _ 138, 046 141,048 +2.2 120, 573 127, 331 5. ( Vermont _ _ . 65, 976 66, 259 +• 4 57, 975 58, 169 Virginia.. _ . _ . 562, 956 582, 982 +3.6 452, 567 482, 645 6. ( Washington. _ _ _ 344, 731 346, 993 +. 7 278, 520 287, 727 3.; West Virginia . . 395, 505 422, 357 +6.8 350, 046 367, 616 5. ( Wisconsin.. . . . 564, 022 579, 605 +2.8 473, 258 510, 270 7 A Wyoming . . 54, 505 56, 670 +4.0 47, 730 47, 654 i .: i Decrease. Ratio oj enrollment to population. — Twenty-one and one-tenth percent of the total population of continental United States is enrolled in the public elementary and secondary schools and the ratio of the total enrollment to the population from 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive, is 82 (table 3). Including enrollments in private and parochial ele¬ mentary and secondary schools, as given in table 46, approximately 23 percent of the total population of the country is attending school of elementary or secondary grade, and the ratio of the total school enrollment to school population is about 90. The percent of the total population enrolled in public schools increased from 20.9 in 1928-30 to 21.1 in 1931-32, and the ratio of enrollment to the popu¬ lation 5 to 17 years of age increased during the biennium from 81.3 to 82. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 The percent of the total population enrolled in the public schools ranges from 16.3 in New Hampshire to 28.6 in Mississippi, and the ratio of the total enrollment in these schools to children 5 to 17 years of age ranges from 70.7 in Maryland to 102.3 in Nevada. Since the total enrollment is compared with the number of children 5 to 17 years of age it is possible for the ratio to exceed 100. Grade enrollment. — From 1930 to 1932 there was a decrease in enrollment in the kindergarten and in the first four grades, amounting to as much as 5.3 percent in the first grade. Of the other elementary school grades the greatest increase was in the eighth grade, amounting to 5 percent. The percentage of increase rises rapidly through the high-school grades to 24 percent in the fourth year. ENROLLMENT BY GRADE, 1930 AND 1932 Grade or year Enrollment Number Percent 1930 1932 Increase Decrease Increase Decrease 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 Kindergarten 723, 443 4, 150, 919 2, 802, 914 2, 732, 239 2, 599, 229 2, 382, 491 2, 256, 249 2, 029, 736 1, 601, 373 701, 403 3, 930, 196 2, 776, 378 2, 663, 524 2, 589, 098 2, 462, 563 2, 277, 913 2, 052, 825 1, 681, 520 22,040 220, 723 26, 536 68, 715 10, 131 3.05 5. 32 0. 95 2. 51 .39 First _ _ _ _ Second. _ _ . . _ _ _ _ Third Fourth Fifth 80, 072 21, 664 23,089 80, 147 3. 36 0.96 1. 14 5.00 Sixth . . . . Seventh Eighth Total elementary _ 21, 278, 593 21, 135, 420 143, 173 .67 First _ . _ _ _ . . 1, 626, 823 1, 192, 185 879, 525 700,889 1, 777, 608 1, 387, 331 1, 066, 755 871, 786 36,541 150, 785 195, 146 187, 230 170, 897 36, 541 9.27 16. 37 21.29 24.38 Second Third _ _ _ Fourth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Postgraduate. .. _ _ Total secondary _ _ 4, 399, 422 5 140,021 740, 599 16. 83 Grand total. _ _ _ _ 25, 678, 015 26, 275, 441 597, 426 2. 33 The percentage of the total day-school enrollment in the kinder¬ garten has remained practically the same since 1921 (table 2). The first grade shows a decrease from 1921 to 1926 and an increase for 1927 and 1928. Since the latter date the percentage enrolled in the first grade has decreased from 16.6 to 15. Each of the high-school grades shows a steady increase in the percentage of pupils enrolled in these grades. In 1921 there were 4,248,745 pupils enrolled in the first grade and in 1922 there were 2,849,013 pupils enrolled in the second grade (table 2). By following the figures in italic from 1921 to 1932 a rough picture may be had of the eliminations from the first grade to the twelfth. It should be remembered that the great differences in the lower grades are due to retardation and not to elimination. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 The contrasts between States in grade enrollments in 1932 (table 10a) are most marked in the matter of kindergarten enrollments. Among all the States Michigan has the highest percentage of such enrollments, a percentage which is surpassed within the State by no grades except the first and second. Three States report no kinder¬ garten pupils and 17 others have less than 1 percent of their pupils in kindergarten classes. Comparison of columns 2 and 3 reveals that States having a low percentage in column 2 generally have a high percentage in column 3. A number of factors may be operative here, some of which are geographical, but it would appear that there is less retardation in the first grade in States which include provisions for kindergarten training in the school course. The decrease in percentages through the successive grades is rather uniform until the eighth grade is reached. The discrepancies in this grade are due principally to the existence of numerous 7-4 systems, especially in Southern States. In these cases enrollments for the eighth school year have been counted in column 12, first year in sec¬ ondary grades ; consequently a low enrollment or none at all is reported in column 10 for some States. The drop between the eighth grade and first year of high school is generally heavier in the more sparsely settled States than in States with large city populations. It is noticeable that the percentage usually drops very little between the eighth grade and the first year of the high school in States having one or more large cities; in a few cases there is an actual gain in percentage. The factor of density of population appears to be a potent influence in retaining pupils (table 10a). The same factor of proximity to school, either because of a large urban population or because of large numbers of small high schools, is operative in those States showing a high percentage of pupils in high school as compared with the elementary school. The low percentage of pupils in high school for a number of Southern States is due to the presence of a large Negro population and consequent dropping out of school when the compulsory school age is passed. Elementary school enrollment. — Although the total public-school enrollment increased by more than 13.1 percent from 1922 to 1932 there was within the decade an almost steady decline in the amount of increase in the elementary school enrollment (fig. 1). From 1926 to 1928 the increase in elementary school enrollment was greater than from 1924 to 1926, due in part to an increase in birth rate in 1921. From 1928 to 1930 the increase in the elementary school enrollment was less than from 1924 to 1926, and the decrease from 1930 to 1932 was greater than the increase from 1928 to 1930. The decline in the increase in enrollment follows very closely the decrease in birth rate from about 1923. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 High-school enrollment.— From 1930 to 1932 the high-school enroll¬ ment increased from 4,399,422 to 5,140,021 pupils, or an increase of 16.8 percent. The number of boys enrolled increased from 2,115,228 to 2,530,790, or 19.6 percent; and the number of girls enrolled in¬ creased from 2,284,194 to 2,609,231, or 14.2 percent. The least increase was from 1926 to 1928. The increase from 1930 to 1932 exceeds that of 1928-30 by 252,456 pupils. From year to year a larger and larger percentage of the total school population is being enrolled in high school, due largely to the fact that the American people have come to realize that a high-school education is none too much to meet present-day standards, and to the fact that the modern high school is attempting to meet the needs of the pupils and of society in general better than it did not so many years ago. It is of interest, therefore, to measure this increase. The proportion of pupils enrolled in the high school in 1880 was only 1.1 percent of the total school enrollment (table 1). There has been a gradual increase from that time to 19.6 percent in 1932. While the percentage of public-school pupils enrolled in high school averages 19.6 for the country as a whole, there is considerable diver¬ sity among the States with respect to the percentage of pupils enrolled in the public high school. The percentages range from 9.9 in Missis¬ sippi to 27.6 in Washington (fig. 2). The State of Washington has, therefore, about three times as great a proportion of its school enroll¬ ment in high school as the State of Mississippi. Night schools. — From 1930 to 1932 the number of night-school pupils decreased from 1,245,124 to 1,063,779. The largest enrollment in night schools was in California (table 13). California and New York were the only States enrolling more than 100,000 night-school pupils each in 1932. Each of the following States enrolled between 50,000 and 100,000 pupils in its night schools: Illinois, Massachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The decrease in the night-school en¬ rollment has been due partly to the elimination or the curtailment of night-school work by many boards of education. The decrease has, however, not been as great as the figures indicate, since some part-time and continuation-school pupils were included in the 1930 figures, while none are included in those for 1932. The night-school movement was getting under way and had great promise of expansion in 1930, but during the depression night schools were among the first of the various types of schools to feel its effect. Summer schools. — The public summer-school enrollment decreased from 520,874 in 1930 to 485,501 in 1932, or 6.8 percent. Several States, as may be noted in table 13, did not report any summer-school pupils. In no State did the enrollment reach 100,000. The highest was 73,144. This honor goes to New York. Only the following States had a summer-school enrollment of more than 25,000 each: California, STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Pennsyl¬ vania. Summer schools were also among the first to feel the effects of the depression; many boards of education having eliminated them entirely. These schools were offering great opportunities to children § 4 Elementary School Grades High School Grades 1 - . 1 1 1 1 ■ _ ■: 191S- 1920- 1922- 1924- 1926- 192S- 1930- 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 191S- 1920- 1922- 1924- 1926- 1928- 1930- 1920 1922 1924 1926 192S 1930 1932 Figure 1.— Biennial changes in enrollments in elementary- and high-school grades, 1918-20 to 1930-32. (The logarithmic chart above shows rate of change; the arithmetic chart below shows the amount of actual change from the preceding biennium.) to make up for lost time in school or to complete more work within a year. Part-time and continuation schools. — This is the first time that sta¬ tistics relating to part-time and continuation schools have been col- 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Percent of total enrollment In high school 10 20 30 Washington 27-6 Wisconsin 27.4 Utah 27.3 Massachusetts 25.9 Oregon 25.4 Montana 24.4 California 24.1 Idaho 23.9 Illinois 23-9 Wyoming 23.6 Indiana 23.4 Kansas 23.4 Nevada 22.9 Nebraska 22.9 Ohio 22.7 New York 22.6 Iowa 22.5 Connecticut 22.3 New Hampshire 22.2 Missouri 21.2 District of Columbia 20.7 Maine 20.7 South Dakota 20.6* Minnesota 20.5 Rhode Island 20.5 Michigan 20.1 Pennsylvania 19. » Texas 19.6 Delaware 19.6 North Dakota 19.4 Colorado 19.4 Vermont 19.1 New Jersey 16. 9 Maryland 16.1 Oklahoma 16.6 Arizona 16.3 North Carolina 15.4 West Virginia 14.6 Virginia 14.3 Louisiana 14.3 Florida 14.3 New Mexico 13.7 Georgia 12.5 Tennessee 12.3 South Carolina 12.2 Arkansas 12.1 Kentucky 11.7 Alabama 10.6 Mississippi 9.9 United States 19.6 Figure 2.— Percentage of total enrollment in high school, by State, last 4 years of system, 1931-32. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 State Per¬ cent in at-| tend- n ance u Oregon 96.3 Indiana 94.4 Kansas 91.1 Ohio 90.7 Montana 90.4 Maine 90.3 Utah 90.3 Mew Hampshire 89-8 Massachusetts 89-3 Missouri 88.1 Wisconsin 88. 0 Vermont 87.8 Connecticut 87.6 New York 87.4 North Dakota 87-3 Delaware 87-1 West Virginia 87.0 Michigan 87.0 Nebraska 86.9 Illinois 86.7 Maryland S6.5 Pennsylvania 86.4 Iowa 86.1 California Rhode Island 86.0 Idaho 85.6 Minnesota 85.I New Jersey North Carolina 84.1 Wyoming 84.1 6outh Dakota 83.4 Washington Virginia Louisiana 82.7 Arizona 82.7 Nevada 82.6 District of Columbia 81.6 Texas 80.8 Colorado Florida 79-6 Alabama 79-5 South Carolina 78.7 Tennessee 78.4 Georgia 77-1 New Mexico 76.4 Arkansas 76.0 Kentucky 75-6 Mississippi 73-8 Oklahoma 73.3 United States 84.7 Percent in Attendance 10 20 30 40 50 'I— 1—1 . I 3 and Absence m 60 70 80 90 t 100 1111 Figure 3.— Percentage of enrollment in average daily attendance and absence, by State, 1931-32. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 lected on the blanks used by the Office of Education in collecting State school statistics. This first report shows that in the 27 States reporting there are 256,900 pupils and 4,151 teachers, and that the total cost of instruction is $7,947,701 (table 13). On the basis of enrollment the average cost per pupil is $30.95. New York reports the largest part-time and continuation-school enrollment, 84,866; and California the next largest, 80,557. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE The number of pupils in average daily attendance in the public ele¬ mentary and secondary schools of the country in 1932 was 22,245,344. From 1930 to 1932 the number in average daily attendance increased 4.6 percent. Table 7, page 58, shows the number of pupils attending daily in each of the States by decades from 1870 to 1930, and for 1932. Table A shows the average daily attendance by States for 1930 and 1932 and the percentage of increase or decrease within the biennium. The greatest increase was in Oregon. In 23 States the increase was 5 percent or more. Attendance in relation to enrollment. — From 1930 to 1932 the total (enrollment in the public schools increased from 25,678,015 to .26,275,441, or 2.3 percent, and the average daily attendance from 21,264,886 to 22,245,344, or 4.6 percent. Of the 26,275,441 children enrolled in 1932, approximately 4,030,097 were out of school each day. The children who enroll in school attend more regularly in recent years than they did several decades ago (table 1). In 1880 only 62.3 percent of the children enrolled attended each day, while in 1930 82.8 percent, and in 1932 84.7 percent of the children enrolled were attending each day. The increase in the percentage of school attend¬ ance is doubtless due to several causes. The compulsory school- attendance laws have become more effective not only by causing more children to enroll in school, but by compelling more regular attendance on the part of those who enroll. The function of the attendance officer as now conceived is not merely to get the pupils into school, but to seek the causes of nonattendance. Many of the compulsory school- attendance laws have been strengthened so as to require attendance for the full length of the school term. Better school attendance can¬ not be attributed entirely to improved attendance service. Teachers are now better trained than formerly and know better how to appeal to the interests of the children, thus making school a more desirable place than it was formerly. Courses of study have also been improved to meet more nearly the needs of the individual pupils, thus helping the school to hold the children in regular attendance. The transpor¬ tation of pupils is also another means of helping secure better attend¬ ance. In many communities children who live some distance from school need no longer remain at home on account of inclement weather. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 The extracurricular activities may also be another factor that should be noted in seeking the cause for better school attendance. The in¬ creased interest of parents in the education of their children should not pass unnoticed. Although school attendance has been improving there is doubtless some room for further improvement. Just how many children out of every 100 enrolled might reasonably be expected to be in daily attend¬ ance is not a question easily answered; but it would seem that with better school facilities, better health supervision, and better enforce¬ ment of the school-attendance laws in many communities the average in most States could be raised to at least 90 out of every 100. Seven States; namely, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Montana, Ohio, Oregon, and Utah have already reached this mark. Figure 3 shows percentage attendance and percentage absence by States. Days attended and length of school term. — The average number of days that the schools were actually in session in 1932 was 171.2, or about 8% months. In 10 States the average school term is 180 days or more; in 28, from 160 to 179 days; and in 8, from 140 to 159 days. In 3 States it is less than 140 days (table 9). For the country as a whole the school term decreased 1 >2 days from 1930 to 1932. The number of States in which the average school term was increased or decreased within the biennium and the number of days increased or decreased are as follows: Number of days 1 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14 14-16 20-22 ; Total num¬ ber of States 1 3 3 | 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of States increasing _ _ 10 ' 2 2 2 _ 2 1 19 Number of States decreasing _ 11 1 4 ; _ 3 2 1 1 29 1 No States reported either increases or decreases from 16 to 20 days. Twenty-four States reported a distribution of enrollment according' to the length of the school term provided in 1932. The results have been summarized in table 30 (p. 94). Of the 11,610,339 children represented in this tabulation 9.6 percent have a school term of 150 days or less, or a school term of not more than 7 K months; 6.1 percent have a term of not more than 6% months; 3.5 percent a term of notf more than 5)£ months; and 1.7 percent a term of not more than 4% months. Table 9 (p. 60) shows the length of school term, exclusive of holidays provided in each of the States, but it does not show how many days each pupil attends school. The important question is, How well is 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 the school term provided taken advantage of by the children enrolled? While the average length of the school term in 1932 was 171.2 days the average number of days attended by each pupil was 144.9. The average number of days attended in 1932 ranges from 98.1 in Mississippi to 163.2 in Illinois. In only 6 States did the children enrolled attend 160 days or more; in 17 States from 151 to 160 days; in 12 States from 141 to 150 days; in 4 States from 131 to 140 days; and in 4 States from 121 to 130 days. In 6 States the children attended school an average of 120 days or less, or for not more than 6 months a year. Within the biennium the average number of days attended in¬ creased from 143 in 1930 to 144.9 in 1932. The greatest increase in any State was 15.2 days. The following distribution by days shows the number of States in which the number of days attended increased or decreased from 1930 to 1932: Number of days 1 Total num¬ 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 ber of States 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Number of States creasing _ in- 6 3 4 4 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 33 Number of States nreasiner de- 2 2 2 5 1 1 1 1 15 i No State reported increases or decreases from 9 to 10 days. Another measure with respect to school attendance in relation to the school term provided is the percentage of the school term not attended. From 1910 to 1932 this percentage dropped from 27.5 to 15.3. In 7 States the comparative drop was much greater (table B). From 1930 to 1932 the percentage of the school term not attended fell from 17.1 to 15.3. Since each State and each school district provide a certain amount of money for running the schools, they would cost no more if every pupil were to attend school every day of the school term. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 Table B— PERCENT OF TERM NOT UTILIZED, 1910-32 State or'outlying part 1910 1920 1930 1932 State or outlying part 1910 1920 1930 1932 * 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Continental^ nite d New York . __ 20.4 20.9 12.9 12.6 States _ 27.5 25.1 17. 1 15.3 North Carolina.. . 35.5 31.5 22.4 15.9 IVorth 34. 7 23. 7 12. 2 12. 7 34.7 35.5 24.0 20.5 Ohio . . 17.2 20.8 lo! 7 9.3 37.9 39.3 26.8 17.3 Oklahoma _ _ 37.7 39.6 31. 1 26.7 Arkansas . 34.9 32.5 27.5 24.0 22.6 30.9 15.0 13.9 Oregon . . . 16.5 9.5 23.4 3.7 36.8 31. 9 20.7 19.4 Pennsylvania _ 20.9 21.4 14.3 13.6 Rhode Island... . 22.4 21.5 13.6 14.0 Connecticut _ 22.8 21.5 14. 1 12.4 South Carolina _ 31. 1 30.7 25.8 21.3 Delaware. _ _ 31.4 28.9 14.4 12.9 South Dakota _ 37. 1 32.7 16.3 16. 6 District of Columbia _ 19.8 19.2 15. 6 18.4 Florida _ 28.3 26.4 22.9 20.4 Tennessee _ _ _ 32.5 26.2 23.2 21.6 Oenrgia 34.7 32.4 24.5 22.9 Texas . . . 33.1 27.8 13. 4 19.2 | Utah 22.2 16.8 12. 7 9. 7 Idaho _ 31.0 26.5 18.6 14.4 Vermont _ 13.0 18.8 12. 1 12. 2 Illinois _ • _ 21.4 15.2 13.8 13.3 Virginia. . _ 34.6 30.5 19. 6 17. 2 Indiana _ _ _ 19.9 19.3 20.6 5.6 Iowa _ ... 28.3 21. 1 16.2 13.9 Washington . . . 26.7 27.4 19.2 17. 1 Kansas _ 26.4 23.9 15. 4 8.9 West Virginia _ 29.9 26.0 11. 5 13.0 Wisconsin . 30.8 20.8 16. 1 12.0 Kentucky _ 40.7 36.0 26.4 24.4 Wyoming . . 28.4 22.8 12.4 15.9 30. 9 27. 6 19. 6 17. 3 Maine _ _ _ 25! 8 15‘ 8 10! 6 9! 7 Outlying parts of the Maryland.. . . 38.0 27.4 15.1 13.5 United States Massachusetts... . . 17.8 16.6 11.0 10.7 Alaska _ _ 25.4 15.6 17. 5 Michigan _ 16.4 24.7 12.9 13.0 Canal Zone _ 6. 1 13.3 17.6 Minnesota 29. 1 21.6 17 2 14.9 Guam 4. 1 3.4 Mississippi _ 38. 1 37.0 26.8 26.2 Hawaii.. _ 7.0 4.4 5.6 Missouri _ 29.8 21.0 12. 1 11.9 Philippine Islands _ 19.2 10.0 8.7 Montana.. . 16.0 27.5 12.5 9.6 Puerto Rico 19.5 12. 6 11.8 Nebraska _ _ 31.9 25. 4 20.3 13. 1 Virgin Islands . . 4. 0 Nevada . . . . 29.2 24.7 17.0 17.4 New Hampshire... . 26. 1 17. 1 11. 1 10.2 New Jersey _ 27.1 19.9 16.3 15.8 New Mexico _ 38.8 27.0 25.3 1 23.6 ADMINISTRATION , INSTRUCTION, PERSONNEL, AND RELATED ITEMS Administrative officers and assistants. — Of the 20,672 administrative officers in 1932, 824 are State superintendents and other State administrative officers, 1,137 other personnel in the State depart¬ ments, 5,143 county superintendents and assistants, 11,127 city superintendents and assistants, and 2,441 district and township superintendents in the States reporting such officers (table 18). Supervisors and principals. — Only 24 States reported the number of supervisors of instruction for the elementary schools and 23 for the secondary schools. The number of elementary-school supervisors reported is 3,520 and of secondary-school supervisors 1,314, making a total of 4,834. In these States there are 452,132 teachers. The approximate average number of teachers per supervisor is therefore 94 for the States reporting. Only 30 States reported the number of elementary-school principals, and only 30 the number of secondary-school principals. In the States reporting there are 11,592 principals of elementary schools and 10,573 principals of high schools, or a total of 22,165 principals. In these 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 States there are 599,449 teachers, thus there is a principal for every 27 teachers. Number oj teachers. — The total number of public elementary and secondary-school teachers employed in the United States in 1932 was 871,607 and the total number of teaching positions was 863,348. The difference in the two numbers is due to the fact that some of the teachers resign during the school term and others are employed to fill their positions. Table C— DISPARITY BETWEEN INCREASE IN TEACHING POSI¬ TIONS AND INCREASE IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1930-32, WITH NUMBER OF PUPILS IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE PER TEACHER IN 1932 Teachers Aver¬ Num¬ ber of State Num¬ ber in¬ crease or de¬ crease Per¬ cent of in¬ crease or de¬ crease age daily attend¬ ance per¬ cent of in¬ crease or de¬ crease pupils aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teach¬ ing posi¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States. 20, 747 2.5 4.6 25.8 Alabama - +137 +0.8 +7.5 30.5 Arizona. - +294 +9.3 +6.6 23.4 Arkansas . . -880 -7.0 +2.4 29.0 California- _ - +2, 252 +6.1 +6.5 24.8 Colorado _ _ +62 +.6 +4.4 20.3 Connecticut _ -7 -.1 +3.9 29.1 Delaware. _ +100 +7.0 +7.0 25.5 Dist. of Columbia.. +29 +1.1 +7.6 26.7 Florida _ +448 +4.2 +9.6 26.6 Georgia.. . . +463 +2.4 +6.3 29.3 Idaho. - - +84 +1.9 +3.6 22.2 Illinois . . . -294 -.6 +1.9 25.8 Indiana.. - - -345 -1.6 +8.9 30.2 I Iowa . . . +218 +.9 +2.9 19.3 Kansas. . . -23 -.1 +5.2 20.1 Kentucky... . +1, 097 +7.2 +7. 1 28.2 Louisiana. . . +272 +2.2 +5.9 29.7 Maine.. . - +131 +2.1 +5.8 23. 1 Maryland.. . ... +77 +.9 +5.9 29.2 Massachusetts _ +1, 260 +4.8 +3.4 25.4 Michigan _ _ +925 +2.7 +2.6 25.2 Minnesota . . -1, 121 -5. 1 +4.0 22.6 Mississippi _ +394 +2.6 —1.5 27.6 Missouri. . . +388 +1.6 +4.5 24.5 Montana... . -63 -1.0 +2.3 18.0 State Teaa Num¬ ber in¬ crease or de¬ crease hers Per¬ cent of in¬ crease or de¬ crease Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per¬ cent of in¬ crease or de¬ crease Num¬ ber of pupils aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teach¬ ing posi¬ tion * 2 3 4 5 Nebraska +1 +8.8 19. 1 Nevada. - +100 +12.6 +9.5 18.3 New Hampshire _ +12 +.4 +4.0 23.1 New Jersey _ +1, 195 +4.7 +4.4 26.0 New Mexico _ -122 -3.6 +9.8 25.5 New York... . +4, 534 +6.0 +4.9 24.6 North Carolina _ -870 -3.7 +8.2 32.4 North Dakota _ +16 +.2 -2.7 17.2 Ohio _ +955 +2.3 +3.3 27.8 Oklahoma _ -1,647 -8.3 +4.9 27.2 Oregon. .. - +1,668 +26.9 +27.1 25.0 Pennsylvania _ +1, 513 +2.6 +4.5 29.3 Rhode Island _ +128 +3.3 +3.3 26.3 South Carolina _ -345 -2.6 +7.2 28.6 South Dakota _ -191 -2. 1 -.8 15.7 Tennessee _ . .. +1, 158 +6.5 +4.4 26.7 Texas _ _ _ _ +6, 042 +16.9 —1.5 25.4 Utah _ -337 -7.6 +5.6 30.9 Vermont _ _ +40 +1.4 +.3 20.3 Virginia _ +242 +1.5 +6.6 28.9 Washington . . -95 -.9 +3.3 26. 1 West Virginia _ +544 +3.4 +5.0 22.4 Wisconsin. . . +516 +2.5 +7.8 24.6 Wyoming _ -208 -7.0 -.2 17.2 In 1932, there were 20,747 more teaching positions than in 1930, which represents an increase of 2.5 percent. The increase in the number of such positions may be accounted for by the increase in enrollments. The percentage increase in the number of teaching positions was, however, not as great as the percentage increase in STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 the number of pupils in average daily attendance, which amounted to 4.6 percent. In some States the percentage increase in the number of pupils in average daily attendance is very marked compared with the percentage increase in the number of teaching positions (table C). From the data presented in table 12 (p. 68) it will be seen that the proportion of men teachers declined from 42.8 percent in 1880 to 14.1 percent in 1920, and increased to 16.6 percent in 1930 and to 17.7 percent in 1932. In the following States 25 percent or more of the teachers are men: Arkansas, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Utah, and West Virginia. The States in which the percentage of men teachers is less than 10 are: Connecticut and Vermont. In 39 States there was a higher percentage of men teachers in 1932 than in 1930. In nine States the percentage of men teachers has decreased since 1930. The increase in the proportion of men teachers from 1920 to 1930 may probably be accounted for by the increase in teachers’ salaries during that period, the salaries being such in many communities that they attracted more men. Pupil-teacher ratio. — The number of pupils enrolled per teacher decreased from 30.5 in 1930 to 30.4 in 1932; the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher increased from 25.2 to 25.8. In 4 States the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher in 1932 was from 30 to 34.9; in 24 States and the District of Columbia from 25 to 29.9; in 13 States from 20 to 24.9; and in 7 States the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher was less than 20. The small pupil-teacher ratio in some of the States may be accounted for by the fact that there are many 1-room schools that enroll very few pupils. For example, the average enrollment in the 1 -teacher schools in Colorado is 12.5; in Iowa, 15.8; in Kansas, 15.9, in Minnesota, 11.9; and in North Dakota, 15.1, according to figures obtained from the latest published reports of the State departments of education in these States. Since all of the States did not report the number of pupils and the number of teachers for elementary, junior and senior high school grades separately, such figures on these returns as were reported have been used to estimate the pupil-teacher ratio at various school levels. Using the data supplied by 23 States it is found that the pupil-teacher ratio in 1932 in the elementary school w~as 33 ; in the junior high school 28.8; in the junior-senior high school 26.9; in the senior high school 25.7; and in the regular high school 26.2. Salaries of teachers, principals and supervisors. — The average annual salary of teachers, supervisors and principals combined was $1,417 in 1932. The average by States ranges from $593 in Arkansas to $2,494 in New York (table 18). m 46335—34 - 2 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 New York 2,494 District of Columbia 2,340 New Jersey 2,192 California 2,189 Connecticut 1,970 Massachusetts 1,845 Delaware 1,631 Pennsylvania 1,630 Arizona 1,605 Rhode Island 1,599 Illinois 1,598 Ohio 1,573 Washington 1,553 Maryland 1,523 Michigan 1,522 Indiana 1,497 Nevada 1,483 Oregon 1,439 Wisconsin 1,388 Colorado 1,386 Minnesota 1,305 New Hampshire 1,258 Wyoming 1,250 Utah 1,239 Missouri 1,230 Montana 1,184 Idaho 1,160 Kansas 1,123 Oklahoma 1,102 Iowa 1,096 New Mexico 1,096 West Virginia 1,085 Nebraska 1,051 Maine 952 South Dakota 944 Vermont 931 Texas 912 North Dakota 900 Louisiana 895 Florida 86 7 Virginia 859 Kentuoky 835 Tennessee 826 North Carolina 799 Alabama 710 Georgia 690 South Carolina 668 Mississippi (1930) 655 Arkansas 593 United States 1,417 Annual Salary In Dollars 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Figure 4. — Average annual salary of teachers, supervisors, and principals, by State, 1931-32. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Only a few States made a separation of expenditures for salaries of elementary teachers and of teachers in the various types of secondary schools. Such data as were supplied on these points are presented in table 29. The average salary paid teachers, supervisors, and princi¬ pals of the elementary schools in the 23 States reporting was $1,192; of junior high schools in the 11 States reporting was $1,671 ; of junior- senior in 4 States, $1,245; of senior high schools in the 8 States report¬ ing was $1,864; and of regular high schools in 18 States reporting was $1,780. The average elementary school salary varied from $2,031 in New Jersey to $495 in Arkansas; the average junior high school salary from $2,334 in New Jersey to $889 in Arkansas; junior-senior $2,291 in New Jersey to $874 in Arkansas; the average senior high school salary from $2,840 in New Jersey to $1,324 in Florida; and the average Tegular high-school salary from $2,747 in New Jersey to $772 in Arkansas. FINANCIAL SUPPORT The schools in most of the States are supported chiefly by local taxation as is shown in the following paragraphs devoted to revenue receipts. Revenue receipts. — The total revenue receipts for public elementary and secondary schools in 1930 was $2,088,556,837 and in 1932 the amount was $2,072,396,907, or a decrease of 0.8 percent. Within the biennium Federal aid for vocational education increased 12.6 percent, subsidies from educational foundations decreased 37.2 percent, the funds derived from State sources increased 16.3 percent, from county sources they decreased 14.8 percent, and from local sources they de¬ creased 2.8 percent. The total revenue receipts and the source of such are shown for each of the States in table 22. Considering all revenue receipts the amounts and the percentage derived from Federal, State, county, and local sources in 1930 and 1932 were: Source 1930 1932 Amount Percent Amount Percent > 2 3 4 5 Pfirip.ral air! 87, 333, 834 353, 670, 462 216, 746, 764 1, 510, 805, 777 0.4 88, 262, 137 0.4 •St.at.fi 16.9 411, 379, 450 184, 662, 968 1, 467, 092, 352 19.9 County _ _ _ Tififial 10.4 72.3 8.9 70.8 Total _ .. _ 2, 088, 556, 837 100.0 2, 072, 396, 907 100.0 The proportionate amount of the total revenue receipts from Federal and State, county, and local sources is shown by States in table 19, page 76. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 The amounts and the proportional amounts derived from taxation and other sources in 1930 and 1932 were: Source 1930 1932 Amount Percent Amount Percent • 2 3 4 5 Permanent funds . . . . . . $23, 767, 636 1.1 $25, 793, 192 1.2 Lease of school lands . . . .. 3, 748, 881 .2 3, 142, 906 .2 Appropriation and taxation _ _ _ 1, 975, 000, 085 94.5 1, 978, 344, 542 95.5 Federal aid _ _ _ _ 7, 333, 834 .4 8, 262, 137 .4 All other revenue receipts. _ _ _ _ 78, 706,401 3.8 56, 854, 130 2.7 Total _ _ . _ 2, 088, 556, 837 100.0 2, 072, 396, 907 100.0 The greatest amount of income for the public schools is derived from direct taxation for school purposes and from appropriations from general funds as is shown in above table. Considering these two sources only, excluding income from perma¬ nent funds and leases of school land and Federal appropriation, 19.5 percent of the funds raised for school purposes comes from the State, 8.9 percent from the county, and 71.6 percent from local school districts. Thus the county and other local school districts provide 80.5 percent of the school funds. Table 19, page 76, and figure 5 show for each State the proportionate amounts of school revenue from appropriations and taxation derived from State, county, and local sources. In only 2 States, Delaware and North Carolina, is 50 percent or more of the receipts from appropriations and taxation for school purposes derived from State sources. The percentage of school funds derived from State sources ranges from 88.8 percent in Delaware to almost nothing in Kansas. In 29 States part of the school funds from taxation and appropria¬ tions is reported as coming from the county. In these States the proportion derived from the county ranges from 64.1 percent in Nevada to 0.9 in New Jersey. The States in which the county furnishes one third or more of the school funds are Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Louisiana, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, and Tennessee. The proportion of school funds derived from units smaller than the county ranges from 98.2 in Kansas to 11.2 percent in Delaware. In 20 States these smaller units supply 75 percent or more of the school income; in 13 States from 50 to 74 percent; in 11 States from 25 to 49 percent; and in 6 States less than 25 percent. Taken together the county and local units within the county supply 75 percent or more of the school funds in 30 States, from 50 to 74 in 17 States, from 25 to 49 * percent in 1 State, and less than 25 percent in 1 State. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 State State County [=□ Local Delaware 88.8 _ 11.2 North Carolina 55-0 15.1 29-9 Alabama *5-3 41.1 13.6 Georgia 39.6 VO 3*.l Texas 38.2 — 61.8 Utah 35-0 — 65.0 Florida 34.6 24.5 4b. 9 Mississippi (1930) 32.9 23.1 44.0 Virginia 32. 8 30.3 36.9 District of Columbia 31.5 — 68.5 New York 31.2 — 68.8 Uaine 30.2 — 69.8 South Carolina 29.4 8.5 62.1 Kentucky 29.2 29.2 41.6 Louisiana 28.9 54.5 16.6 Tennessee 27.0 50.9 22.1 Washington 26.6 16.3 57-1 Michigan 26.6 — 73.4 Nevada 22. S 64.1 13.1 Arizona 22.0 41.7 36.3 California 21.9 30.2 ^7-9 Arkansas 21.3 — 78.7 Maryland 21.0 32.9 46.1 New Jersey 19.1 •9 80.0 Pennsylvania 19-1 — 80.9 Minnesota IS. 8 5-2 76.0 Wisconsin 15.8 9-7 7^-5 Vermont 11.9 — 88.1 Rhode Island 8.4 — 91.6 Massachusetts 7-9 — 92.1 Connecticut 7-2 — 92. 8 West Virginia 7-2 — 92.8 Missouri 7.0 2.4 90.6 Oklahoma 6.7 6.0 87-3 Illinois 6.6 — 93.^ Ohio 4.8 24.9 70.3 Indiana 4.6 — 95-^ New Hampshire 4.6 — 95-^ Montana 3.4 ^9.5 *7.1 North Dakota 3.2 8.7 88. 1 New Mfexico 3.0 7^-7 22.3 Iowa 1.3 2.9 95-8 Idaho 1.2 39-3 59-5 Wyoming • 9 26.0 73-1 Nebraska .7 — 99-3 Colorado .1 26.1 73-8 Oregon — 13.9 86.1 Kansas — — 100.0 South Dakota — 100.0 United States 19-5 8.8 71.7 Percent and Source Figure 5. — Percentage of receipts from taxation and appropriation from State, county, and local sources, by State, 1931-32. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 From 1930 to 1932 the income supplied by the States from taxation or appropriations increased from 16.7 to 19.5 percent. In 1932 the State was the source of a larger proportion of the school income from taxation or appropriations than it was in 1930 in Alabama, Arizona, California, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ken¬ tucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Philippine Islands, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington. The proportionate amount of such income from the county was somewhat greater in 1932 than in 1930 in each of the following States: Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, North Dakota, Tennessee, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. In 1932 the units smaller than the county were bearing a larger share of school support than in 1930 in the following States: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Con¬ necticut, Georgia, Kansas, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wyoming. In 1930 the total income from appropriations and taxation was $1,975,000,085 and in 1932 such income was $1,978,344,542, an increase of $3,344,457, or 0.2 percent. The total receipts from permanent school funds and leases of school lands increased from $27,516,517 in 1930 to $28,936,098 in 1932. Table 20, page 77, shows the amount each State received from these funds and leases in 1932. In 1930, subsidies from educational foundations amounted to $844,084, and in 1932 to $530,463, a decrease of $313,621, or 37.2 percent. The amounts from this source in 1932 are shown in table 22 for each of the 16 States reporting receipts from educational foundations. Nonrevenue receipts. — The receipts from loans and bond sales decreased from $357,050,699 in 1930 to $126,895,026 in 1932, or 64.4 percent, in the States reporting both in 1930 and in 1932. Only 38 States reported the amount received from loans and bond sales in 1932. The per capita debt incurred for each of the 19,109,539 pupils in average daily attendance in these States was $6.67. If an equal per capita indebtedness was incurred for the 3,135,805 pupils in the other 12 States, the additional indebtedness incurred in 1932 would be $20,903,664, making a total of $147,798,610. The amount of school revenue derived from loans and bond sales in each of the States reporting in 1930 and 1932 is shown in table D. Total revenue and nonrevenue receipts. — The total revenue and nonrevenue receipts, excluding balance on hand, amounted to STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 $2,469,311,376 in 1930 and $2,233,790,831 in 1932, a decrease of 9.5 percent. Considering both revenue and nonrevenue receipts for 1932, the proportion derived from various sources was: Federal, 0.37 percent; State, 18.42 percent; county, 8.98 percent; local, 72.21 percent; subsidies from educational foundations, 0.02 percent. The total amounts of revenue and nonrevenue receipts are shown for each State in table 23. Table D — COMPARISON OF RECEIPTS FROM LOANS AND BOND SALES— 1930 AND 1932 Loans and bond sales State 1 Continental United States Alabama _ _ _ Arizona . . . . . Arkansas _ _ California _ Connecticut . . . . . Delaware _ Florida . . . Georgia . „ . . . Idaho _ _ _ Illinois _ _ _ Indiana . . . Iowa _ _ _ _ _ Kansas _ Kentucky.. . . . . Louisiana . . . Maryland _ _ Michigan _ _ Minnesota - Mississippi . . . . Missouri _ _ _ Montana _ _ _ _ Nebraska _ Nevada _ New Hampshire - New Jersey _ _ _ New Mexico _ _ _ New York... _ _ North Carolina _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio - - Oregon... . . . Pennsylvania . . South Carolina _ South Dakota . . . . Tennessee . . . . Texas _ _ _ Utah... . . . . Virginia _ _ Washington _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming _ _ _ 1932 Increase or decrease $357, 050, 699 $126, 895, 026 2, 374, 254 1, 047, 609 3. 235, 125 9, 841, 578 870, 343 1, 504, 536 5, 558, 136 623, 527 4, 684. 812 74, 150 3, 029, 392 4, 458, 138 436, 471 80, 293, 714 2, 851, 190 2, 270, 129 3, 783, 206 4, 872, 489 5, 153, 167 3, 213, 694 26, 355,911 4, 387, 340 1, 631, 781 7, 320, 348 1, 110, 822 847, 654 557, 048 68, 686 26, 248, 043 152,500 68, 992, 463 4, 966, 935 26, 933, 184 275, 131 27, 319, 747 783,444 301, 872 1, 885, 088 12, 562, 993 1, 796, 883 1, 274, 218 2, 595, 763 6. 478, 399 585, 328 207, 187 3, 057, 132 2, 719, 520 75, 384 14, 673, 210 947, 530 518, 515 2, 873, 942 1, 637. 421 2, 221, 326 2 1, 631, 781 606, 110 542, 471 251, 659 83, 722 8, 545, 059 559, 099 24, 516, 006 3, 000, COO 839, 858 3, 362, 741 2, 509, 810 18, 864, 693 192, 545 94, 213 2, 411, 659 6, 746, 805 889, 119 2, 141, 500 3, 951,431 5, 503, 209 79, 189 -$1,503,911 (0 -1, 730, 586 -4, 283, 442 -4, 061,285 +133,037 +27, 740' -1,738, 618 -361,087 -65, 620, 504 —1, 903, 660- — 1,751,614 (l 2) -3, 419, 187 -4, 521,831 -339, 752 -24, 718, 490 -2, 166, 014 " (0 -504,712 -305, 183 -305, 389 +15, 036 -17.702,984 +406. 592 -44, 476, 457 -1,966, 935 +839, 858 -23, 570, 443 +2, 234, 679 -8, 465, C54 -590, 899 -207, 659 +526, 571 -5. 816,188 -907, 764 +867, 282 +1, 355, 668 -975, 190 -506, 139 1, 453, 302 631, 336 1 No information available. 2 Statistics, 1930. 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 EXPENDITURES The total expenditure for the public day schools in 1932 was $2,161,170,060, excluding payment of bonds. The amount spent for the same purpose in 1930 was $2,306,965,557. This was a decrease of 6.3 percent for the 2-year period. Tables 24, 25, and 26 show, by States, the amounts expended in 1932 for current expenses, capital outlay, and debt service, and table 27 gives a percentage analysis for each expense item for each of the States. Current expenses. — The total current expenses, not including inter¬ est, decreased from $1,843,551,708 in 1930 to $1,809,939,016 in 1932, or 1.8 percent. The change from 1930 to 1932 ranges from a 21- percent decrease in South Carolina to a 12.8-percent increase in Delaware. Thirty-one States register a decrease from 1930 to 1932, ranging from 0.4 to 21 percent, and 17 States an increase ranging from 0.7 to 12.8 percent. Table E.— COMPARISON OF CURRENT EXPENSES IN 1930 AND 1932, BY STATES Current expenses (not including interest) Annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance State 1930 1932 Percent increase or decrease 1930 1932 Percent increase or decrease 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States. $1, 843, 551, 708 $1, 809, 939, 016 —1.8 $86. 70 $81.36 —6.2 Alabama. . . . . 17, 652, 225 15, 855, 506 -10.2 37.28 31. 16 -16.4 Arizona _ _ _ 8, 289, 546 8,118, 054 9, 644, 727 -2. 1 109. 12 100. 27 -8. 11 Arkansas _ _ _ 11, 101, 551 -13.1 33.56 28,46 -15.2 California . . . . . 121, 136, 633 124, 719, 955 +3.0 133. 30 128. 87 -3.3 Colorado.. . . 21, 125, 901 20, 199, 773 -4.4 110. 76 101. 42 -8.4 Connecticut— . . 28, 155, 339 29, 738, 992 +5.6 102. 58 104. 27 +1.6 Delaware . . 3, 448, 498 3, 890, 039 +12.8 95. 12 100.31 +5.5 District of Columbia.. . 9, 043, 813 9, 370, 065 +3.6 132. 39 127. 54 -3.7 Florida . . . 13, 516, 229 13, 821, 467 +2.3 50. 61 47. 22 -6.7 Georgia . 17, 166, 356- 17,285,146 +.7 31. 89 30.20 -5.3 Idaho. . . . 8, 553, 928 7, 803, 449 -8.8 86. 86 76. 51 -11.9 Illinois . . . . 123, 430, 692 117, 035, 475 -5.2 102. 56 95. 39 -7.0 Indiana . . . . 54, 666, 666 51, 449, 071 -5.9 91.66 79. 23 -13.6 Iowa _ _ _ 44, 692, 503 40, 977, 634 -8.3 96. 10 85. 66 -10.9 Kansas . 33, 857, 923 29, 760, 983 -12.1 92. 81 77. 52 -16.5 Kentucky . 20, 009, 576 19, 111, 092 -4.5 46. 23 41.24 -10.8 Louisiana _ _ 16, 847, 280 16, 586, 189 -1.5 48. 19 44.80 -7.0 Maine _ _ . . . . 9, 647, 509 9, 844, 856 +2.0 69.89 67. 38 -3.6 Maryland _ 18, 880, 053 19, 682, 761 +4.3 80. 15 78.92 -1.5 Massachusetts . 74, 034, 720 73, 353, 630 -.9 109. 57 105. 03 -4.1 Michigan . . . . 96, 968, 550 85, 621, 571 -11.7 114. 76 98.78 -13.9 Minnesota _ _ _ _ Mississippi... . _ 46, 271, 102 15, 757, 723 40, 513, 185 45, 537, 935 1 15, 757, 723 42, 164, 782 -1.6 101. 29 36. 13 95.83 i 36. 13 -5.4 Missouri . . . . _. . +4.1 70.28 70. 02 -.4 Montana . . . 11,557, 838 10, 622, 374 -8.1 109. 73 98.61 -10.1 Nebraska . . 24, 123, 984 22, 611, 283 -6.3 93.08 80. 21 -13.8 Nevada. .... .... . 2, 039, 602 2, 170, 283 +6.4 136. 18 132. 36 -2.8 New Hampshire . . . 6,119, 532 6, 440,747 +5.2 92. 77 93. 85 +1.2 New Jersey _ _ ... ... 82, 801, 149 87, 456, 888 +5.6 124. 90 126. 39 +1.2 New Mexico . . 1 Statistics, 1930. 5, 884, 701 6, 014, 045 +2.2 77. 21 71.89 -6.9 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 Table E.— COMPARISON OF CURRENT EXPENSES IN 1930 AND 1932, BY STATES— Continued State Current expenses (not including interest) Annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance 1930 1932 Percent increase or decrease 1930 1932 Percent increase or decrease < 2 3 4 5 6 7 New York . ._ . . $256, 705, 491 $272, 923, 414 +6.3 $137. 55 $139. 38 +1.3 North Carolina _ _ 28, 830, 362 25, 083, 394 -13.0 42. 85 34.44 -19.6 North Dakota _ _ _ . 14, 794, 184 12,117,315 -18. 1 99. 55 83. 77 -15.9 Ohio _ ... _ _ - 109, 213, 169 98, 506, 523 -9.8 95.69 83. 56 -12.7 Oklahoma _ _ ... _ 30, 780, 341 27, 303, 446 -11.3 65. 48 55. 35 -15.5 Oregon . _ . . 16, 030, 009 15, 064, 041 -6.0 103. 31 76. 38 -26.1 Pennsylvania. _ 145, 861, 417 149, 498, 036 +2.5 87.81 86. 14 -1.9 Rhode Island _ ... 9, 821, 214 10, 424, 854 +6.1 95. 74 98. 35 +2.7 South Carolina . . . 13, 933, 522 11,002, 230 -21.0 39.98 29.44 -26.4 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 13, 219, 921 12, 489, 037 -5.5 95. 36 90. 85 -4.7 Tennessee.. . . 20, 560,079 19, 723, 214 -4. 1 42. 66 39. 21 -8.1 Texas . . 58, 597, 695 60, 808, 246 +3.8 54. 57 57.49 +5.4 Utah _ _ _ 9, 052, 640 8, 213, 259 -9.3 75.08 64.50 -14. 1 Vermont . . . _ _ 4, 883, 970 4, 443, 823 -9.0 84.24 76.40 -9.3 Virginia . . . 20, 026, 944 19, 955, 247 -.4 44. 25 41.35 -6.6 Washington.. .. . . 27, 976, 728 26, 630, 775 -4.8 100. 45 92. 56 -7.9 West Virginia _ _ ... 25, 265, 495 23, 461,879 -7.1 72. 18 63. 82 -11.6 Wisconsin _ _ 44, 566, 798 44, 168, 709 -.9 94. 17 86. 56 -8.1 Wyoming _ _ _ ... 6, 137, 422 5, 475, 079 -11.1 128. 59 114. 89 -10.7 The following shows the amount expended and the cost per pupil for each of the several functions ; and also the proportionate amounts devoted to each function in 1930 and 1932. COMPARISON OF STATE SCHOOL EXPENSES IN 1930 AND 1932 Purpose 1930 1932 Percent¬ age de¬ crease in per capita cost Amount Per capita cost on average daily at¬ tendance Per¬ cent of total Amount Per capita cost on average daily at¬ tendance Per¬ cent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 General control _ _ ... $78, 679, 502 $3.70 4.3 $74, 910, 121 $3. 37 4.1 8.9 Instruction: Salaries.- _ _ 1, 250, 427, 194 58.80 67.9 1, 265, 443, 910 56.89 69.9 3.2 Textbooks and supplies. 67, 300, 039 3. 17 3.6 67, 887, 916 3.05 3.8 3.8 Total instruction _ 1, 317, 727, 233 61.97 71.5 1, 333, 331, 826 59.94 73.7 3.3 Operation.. . . . 216,072,433 10. 16 11.7 198, 905, 327 8. 94 11.0 12.0 Maintenance. ._ _ _ _ 78, 810, 238 3.71 4.3 58, 518, 348 2. 63 3.2 29.1 Auxiliary agencies. . . 101, 992, 622 4.80 5.5 98, 707, 181 4. 44 5.5 7.5 Fixed charges ... . . 50, 269, 680 2. 36 2.7 45, 566, 213 2.04 2.5 13.6 Total current expenses. 1,843, 551, 7C8 86. 70 100.0 1, 809, 939, 016 81.36 100.0 6.2 Capital outlay _ 370, 877, 969 17. 44 210, 996, 262 9.48 45.6 Interest . . . . 92, 535, 880 4. 35 140, 234, 782 6. 30 i 2 44. 8 1 Increase. 2 Mostly due to more States reporting interest charges. 38 States reported interest charges in 1930 while all States show interest charges for 1932. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 A further analysis of the school expense dollar shows that 1 .6 cents is for school board and business offices, 2.5 cents for superintendents and their offices, 69.9 cents for salaries of supervisors, principals, and teachers, 1.3 cents for textbooks, 2.5 cents for educational supplies, 6.2 cents for janitorial service, 4.8 cents for fuel, light, water, and janitors’ supplies, 0.2 cents for public libraries under control of board of education, 0.6 cents for the promotion of health, 3.1 cents for transportation of pupils, 0.2 cents for compulsory attendance service, 1.4 for other auxiliary agencies, and 2.5 for fixed charges. Figure 6.— Annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance for current expenses, capital outlay, and interest, 1931-32. Table 27 shows for each State the percentage distribution of ex¬ penditures for each major current expense item. The percent devoted to general control ranges from 1.6 in Michigan and North Dakota to 8 in Arkansas; to instruction, from 64.7 in New Hampshire to 81.3 in South Carolina; to operation, from 3.6 in Alabama to 12.7 in Nevada; to maintenance, from 1.3 in Arkansas and South Carolina to 5.8 in Maine; to auxiliary agencies, from 3 in Nebraska to 15 in North Dakota; and to fixed charges, from 0.7 in New Jersey to 7.3 in Maryland. Since these percentages are State averages, the vari¬ ation in the proportionate amounts spent for each current expense STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 item would vary considerably among the school districts of the country. These variations are partly due to climatic differences and to some extent to variations in accounting procedure. Capital outlay. — The amount spent for capital outlay in 1930 was $370,877,969, and in 1932 the amount spent for this purpose was $210,996,262. Within the biennium there was, therefore, a decrease of $159,881,707, or 43.1 percent, in the amount spent for new build¬ ings, grounds, and equipment. From 1920 to 1932 the peak for capital outlay was reached in 1925 when the amount expended for new build¬ ings, sites, and new equipment was $433,584,559. The amount spent for capital outlay in 1932 was 33.6 percent below the average for these expenditures from 1920 to 1932 and 51.3 percent less than in 1925. Of the total expenditure in 1930, excluding payments of bonds, 16.1 percent was for capital outlay; in 1932, 9.7 percent was for this purpose. The proportionate amount for capital outlay varied considerably among the States, ranging from 2.1 percent in Georgia to 36.8 percent in Delaware. Debt service and interest. — In 1930, payments on bonds and short- time loans amounted to $144,950,229, and in 1932 to $182,943,930, an increase of $37,993,701, or 26.2 percent. Between 1920 and 1932 the largest payment for these purposes was in 1932, the amount at this time being $182,943,930. The increase from 1920 to 1932 amounted to*$123,809,038, or 209.4 percent. In 1930, only 38 States reported the amount of interest paid, which was $92,535,880. In 1932, the interest payments in these same States was $110,273,108. This was an increase of $17,737,228, or 19.2 percent, in interest payments within the biennium, in these 38 States. Table F shows the expenditure for interest as reported for 1932 and the amount per pupil in average daily attendance. Cost per pupil. — The average annual cost, based on current expenses (including interest) per pupil in average daily attendance decreased from $91.05 in 1930 to $87.67 in 1932, or $3.38 per pupil. Capital outlay decreased from $17.44 per pupil in 1930 to $9.48 in 1932, a decrease of $7.96. The average annual cost per pupil for current expenses (including interest) and capital outlay combined decreased from $108.49 in 1930 to $97.15 in 1932, making a decrease of $11.34 per pupil. Figure 8 shows per capita costs for 1932. Based upon enrollment the per-pupil cost for current expenses (including interest) decreased from $75.40 in 1930 to $74.22 in 1932, and the cost per pupil for capital outlay within the biennium decreased from $14.44 in 1930 to $8.03 in 1932, a difference of $1.18 and $6.41, respectively. As shown in table 28 and in figure 9 there is much variation among the States in the cost per pupil. Considering the cost per pupil in average daily attendance, based on current expenses, the cost ranges 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 State Wyoming 1.01 Tennessee 1.21 Oklahoma 1.38 Virginia 1.39 Mississippi (1930) 1.46 Wisconsin 1.55 West Virginia 1.70 Maine 1.66 Kentucky 1.94 Minnesota 2.36 Vermont 2.41 Georgia 2.59 Delaware 2.91 Nebraska 3.03 South Carolina 3.09 Arkansas 3.24 Alabama 3.25 Kansas 3.47 Massachusetts 3-89 Missouri 3.89 Montana 4.01 New Mexico 4.06 New Hampshire 4.13 Indiana 4.19 Utah 4.40 Louisiana 4.62 Oregon 4.65 North Carolina 4.99 Pennsylvania 4.99 Idaho 5.13 Iowa 5.34 North Dakota 5.87 Washington 6.06 Texas 6.21 Connecticut 6.22 South Dakota 6.63 Maryland 7.16 Illinois 6.27 Nevada 6.66 Florida 9.04 Michigan 9.26 Arizona 10.12 California 10.42 Ohio 10.71 Rhode I 8 land 10.94 New York 13.47 Colorado 13.74 New Jersey 14.60 United States 6.30 Interest Paid Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance (Dollars) Figure 7.— Interest paid per pupil in average daily attendance, by State, 1931-32. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 State -25 South Carolina North Dakota Arkansas North Carolina Kansas Michigan Oklahoma Wyoming Alabama -21.0 -18.1 -13.1 -13.0 -12.1 -11.7 -11.3 -ll.l -10.2 Ohio - 9-S Utah - 9.3 Vermont Idaho - 9.0 - 8.8 Iowa - 8.3 Montana - 8.1 West Virginia - 7.1 Nebraska - 6.3 Oregon - 6.0 Indiana - 5.9 South Dakota - 5-5 Illinois - 5.2 Washington - 4.8 Kentucky - 4.5 Colorado - 4.4 Tennessee - 4.1 Arizona - 2.1 Minnesota - 1.6 Louisiana - 1.5 Massachusetts - .9 Wisconsin - .9 Virginia - .4 Mississippi (1930) .0 Georgia .7 Maine 2.0 New Mexico 2.2 Florida 2.3 Pennsylvania 2.5 California 3.0 District of Columbia 3.6 Texas 3.S Missouri 4.1 Maryland 4.3 New Hampshire 5-2 New Jersey 5.6 Connecticut 5.6 Rhode Island 6.1 New York 6.3 Nevada 6.4 Delaware 12.8 United States - 1.8 20 25 Figure 8. — Percentage increase'or’decrease in per capita costs for current expenses, by State, from 1930 to 1932. 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 from $31.70 in Arkansas to $152.85 in New York. The cost per pupil for capital outlay in 1932 varied from 69 cents in Georgia to $60.16 in Delaware. Based on current expenses the highest average annual cost per pupil in the United States since 1920 was in 1930, $91.05. From that time to 1932 the cost per pupil in average daily attendance has decreased $3.38, or 3.7 percent. The highest average annual cost per pupil for capital outlay since 1920 was $21.86 in 1925. The decrease from 1925 to 1932 was $12.38, or 56.6 percent. Not including interest the average annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance in 1930 was $86.70 and in 1932 $81.36, a decrease of $5.34, or 6.2 percent (table E). SCHOOL PROPERTY Value of school property. — The estimated value of school property — buildings, sites, and equipment — used for public, elementary, and secondary school purposes was $6,211,327,040 in 1930 and $6,581,- 539,756 in 1932, an increase of $370,212,716, or 5.6 percent (table 15). Considerable variation exists among the States as to the value of school property for each child enrolled in school. The average value per pupil enrolled for the United States is $250. The lowest, $75, is in Mississippi, and the highest, $438, is in New York. In the follow¬ ing States the valuation of school property per pupil enrolled is less than $100: Alabama, $89; Arkansas, $90; Georgia, $74; Mississippi, $75; South Carolina, $87; and Tennessee, $99. In the following States it is more than $300: California, $391; Connecticut, $359^ Delaware, $311; the District of Columbia, $416; Nevada, $312; New Jersey, $391; and New York, $438. Number of school buildings. — In 1932, the various State officers reported an aggregate of 245,941 buildings used for school purposes (table 14). Of this number 143,445, or 57.8 percent, are 1-room schoolhouses. The following distribution gives the number of States, having certain specified percentages of 1-room schools: Percent: Number of States Percent: Number of States 10-20 1 _ _ 5 61-70 _ _ 6 21-30 _ _ 2 71-80 _ . . . 8 31-40 _ _ 3 81-90 _ _ 1 41-50 _ _ 13 91-100 _ _ 1 51-60 _ _ 9 The number and percentage of 1-room buildings is shown by States (table 14). Since there is no uniformly accepted definition of a consolidated school, it is practically impossible to present data showing the num¬ ber of such schools in the country. However, such data as have been supplied by 43 States are included in table 14. * District of Columbia has only 1.2 percent. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 Arkansas 31.70 South Carolina 32.53 Georgia 32.79 Alabama 34.41 Mississippi (1930) 38.18 North Carolina 39.43 Tennessee 40.42 Virginia 42.73 Kentucky 43.IS Louisiana 49.42 Florida 56.26 Oklahoma 56.73 Texas 63.70 West Virginia 65.52 Dtah 68. 90 Maine 69.24 Missouri 73.91 New Mexico 75-97 Vermont 78. SO Kansas 80.99 Oregon Si.03 Idaho 81.64 Nebraska 83.25 Indiana 83.42 Maryland 86.10 Wisconsin 88.11 North Dakota 89-63 Iowa 91.00 Pennsylvania 91.13 Ohio 94.27 South Dakota 97-48 New Hampshire 97.99 Minnesota 98.20 Washington 98.64 Montana 102.62 Delaware 103.21 Illinois 103.66 Michigan 108.04 Massachusetts 108. 91 Rhode I 8 land 109.30 Arizona 110.39 Connecticut 110.50 Colorado 115.17 Wyoming 115.90 District of Columbia 127.54 California 139.30 Nevada 141.01 New Jersey 141.19 New York 152.85 United States 87.67 Per Capita Cost Per Pupil in Average Daily Attendance (Dollars) 140 160- Figure 9. — Per capita cost per pupil in average daily attendance for current expenses, by State, 1931-32. 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 North Dakota 93-95 South Dakota SB. 90 Nebraska 23*53 Wisconsin 79.44 Iowa 72-57 Montana 77-79 Minnesota 76.23 Kentuoky 76.03 Missouri 7*. 37 Kansas 73-22 Illinois 70. 4B Michigan 69.67 West Virginia 66.4B Maine 65.40 New York 63.15 Wyoming 63.O6 Oregon 62.20 Nevada 61.49 Colorado 59r-90 Arkansas 56.17 Georgia 53.22 New Hampshire 53-62 Idaho 53.44 Pennsylvania 52.25 Delaware 52. 08’ Tennessee 52.03 Mississippi (1930) 50.69 Ohio 50.39 Alabama 50. 18 Maryland 49.79 lew Mexico 49.72 Virginia 48.40 Vermont 46.31 Louisiana 46.23 norida 44.94 Indiana 44.33 Oklahoma 42.60 South Carolina 42.07 Washington 35.22 Arizona 31.97 Connecticut 30.92 North Carolina 28.92 Texas 25.34 California 17.42 Rhods Island 16.16 Massachusetts 14.89 New Jersey 11.21 Utah 11.07 District of Columbia 1.18 United States 52.32 Percent of All Buildings That Are One-Rooa 0 20 40 60 BO 100 Figure 10.— Percentage of all school buildings in each State that are 1-room, 1931-32. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 According to data furnished by 43 States in 1932 there were at that time 17,008 consolidated schools. In these States in 1930 there were 16,217 such schools. SCHOOL DEBT In 1930, the total amount of bonds and other forms of indebtedness reported was $2,425,796,439. In 1932, the amount of such indebted¬ ness reported was $3,121,538,276. The increase for the 2-}Tear period was $695,741,837. The foregoing figures on school indebtedness should be regarded as approximate, since the amounts reported by several States are for cities only. The approximate total school debt of the country in 1932 was about 144.4 percent of the amount of money necessary to run the schools of the country for that year. Table F shows the amount of indebtedness in each of the States in 1930 and in 1932 and the amount of indebtedness per pupil in average daily attendance. The amount of indebtedness per pupil in 1932 is also shown in figure 11. In 1932, the average indebtedness per pupil in average daily attendance was $140.32. The indebted¬ ness per pupil in 1932 ranged from $19.91 in Georgia to $329.59 in New York. Table F— SCHOOL DEBT, INTEREST PAYMENTS BY STATES, PER PUPIL ENROLLED AND IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1930-32 State School bonds outstanding and other forms of debt Interest payments Total amount Per pupil in average daily attendance By States Per pupil enrolled Per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance 1930 1932 1930 1932 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental United States _ $2, 425, 796, 439 S3, 121, 533, 276 8114. 08 S140. 32 S140, 234, 782 S5. 34 S6. 30 Alabama _ - _ 26, 276, 806 28, 631, 048 55.49 56. 27 1, 653, 749 2.58 3.25 Arizona _ _ 13, 844, 350 12, 853, 150 182. 24 158. 76 819, 706 8. 37 10. 12 Arkansas _ . . _ 26, 206, 690 29, 231, 371 79. 22 86. 25 1, 097, 930 2. 46 3.24 California _ .... . 211, 014,607 203, 583, 107 232. 20 210. 36 ‘ 10, 087, 090 8.98 10.42 Colorado _ 32, 743, 730 32, 441. 149 171. 67 162. 89 2, 737, 438 11.08 13.74 Connecticut.. ... _ _ 47, 556, 706 46, 438. 275 173. 26 162. 82 1, 774,931 5. 45 6. 22 Delaware. _ . _ _ _ 2. 452, 998 2, 434. 975 67. 66 62. 78 113, 006 2.54 2. 91 Florida _ 64, 992, 928 61, 638, 491 243. 38 210. 57 2, 646. 933 7.20 9.04 Georgia.. . .... 2 12, 849, 116 2 11, 397, 000 23. 87 19.91 1 1, 484, 868 2.00 2.59 Idaho _ _ _ .. 10. 367, 233 9, 642, 822 105. 27 94. 54 523, 048 4.39 5. 13 Dlinois _ _ . .. 69, 843, 779 158, 926, 218 58.03 129.54 10, 145, 790 7. 17 8.27 Indiana _ _ .. . _ 63, 856, 555 59, 767, 655 107. 07 92. 04 2, 722, 193 3. 96 4. 19 Iowa _ _ _ _ 57, 427, 250 55,615, 181 123. 49 116. 26 2, 554, 194 4.60 5. 34 Kansas _ _ 2 13. 612. 449 31, 176, 952 37.31 81. 21 1 1, 332, 058 3. 16 3. 47 Kentucky. _ ... _ 8, 710. 389 17, 002. 668 20. 12 36.69 899, 982 1.47 1.94 Louisiana _ _ 2 23. 543, 414 2 11.998,000 67.35 32.41 1, 708, 615 3. 82 4. 62 Maine . . 2 4, 964. 264 2 4, 672, 000 35. 96 31. 98 271, 672 1.68 1. 86 Maryland _ . _ 14, 395, 834 41, 939, 399 61. 11 168. 16 1,791, 198 6. 22 7. 18 Massachusetts _ .... : 2 50, 614. 730 2 60, 909, 000 74.91 87. 21 3 2, 713, 898 3. 47 3. 89 Michigan _ _ ! 192, 163, 878 179, 069, 919 227. 42 206. 59 1 8, 029, 583 8. 06 9.26 1 Estimated, basis city school reports. 2 Cities only. 3 Statistics of 1927-28. 46335—34 - 3 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table F.— SCHOOL DEBT, INTEREST PAYMENTS BY STATES, PER PUPIL ENROLLED AND IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE, 1 930-32 — Continued School bonds outstanding and other forms of State Total amount Per pupil in average daily attendance By States Per pupil enrolled Per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance 1930 1932 1930 1932 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Minnesota _ _ $89, 030, 018 $73, 595, 685 $151. 10 $154. 88 $1, 122, 399 $2. 01 $2.36 Mississippi _ . - 8, 330, 753 < 8, 330. 753 19. 10 < 19. 10 i 636, 137 1.09 1. 48 Missouri.. . 49, 307, 082 50, 362, 009 85. 54 83.63 i 2, 342, 967 3. 43 3. 89 Montana _ _ _ 10, 951, 037 10. 042, 900 103. 97 93.23 431, 975 3. 63 4. 01 Nebraska- . _ . — 34, 918, 063 33, 776, 228 134. 72 119. 82 854, 965 2.64 3.03 Nevada _ _ 2, 355, 932 2. 299, 358 157. 30 140. 23 141, 922 7. 15 8. 66 New Hampshire. ------ 6, 106, 096 < 6, 106, 096 92. 56 88. 98 283, 598 3.71 4. 13 New Jersey _ _ 213, 267. 468 221. 157, 472 321. 69 319. 61 10, 239, 222 12. 46 14. 80 New Mexico . - . . . 7, 269, 876 6, 79C, 4C0 95. 39 81. 17 341, 650 3. 12 4.08 New York. _ . ... 259, 147, 786 5 645, 381. 591 138. 86 329. 59 26, 376, 605 11. 77 13. 47 North Carolina __ _ 71,115. 648 60, 000, 000 105. 69 82. 39 ' 3, 633, 000 4.20 4.99 North Dakota. _ 15,711,527 15, 429, 883 105. 72 106. 67 i 848, 643 5. 12 5. 87 Ohio _ 229, 258, 598 224, 006, 631 200. 87 190. 02 12 628,915 9. 72 10. 71 Oklahoma. . _ .. 2 24, 069, 794 2 28, 700, 000 51.20 58. 19 679, 096 1. 01 1.38 Oregon - 22, 327, 199 24, 632, 758 143. 89 124. 90 916, 614 4.48 4. 65 Pennsylvania _ _ _ 272, 795, 327 284, 700, 589 164. 22 164.04 8, 662, 634 4. 31 4. 99 Rhode Island _ . 25, 952. 234 29, 358. 967 252. 99 276. 99 1, 159, 999 9. 41 10. 94 South Carolina _ . 2 7, 725, 112 19, 046, 260 22. 17 50. 96 1, 153, 852 2. 43 3. 09 South Dakota.. _ 18,682, 112 17, 070, 469 134. 76 124. 18 911, 296 5.53 6. 63 Tennessee _ _ 2 15, 719,500 31, 092, 126 32. 62 61.82 608, 892 .95 1. 21 Texas. .. .. ... ... 19, 971. 259 131,353,449 18. 60 124. 19 i 6. 567, 672 5. 01 6.21 Utah _ 12, 780, 257 12, 092, 458 106.00 94. 97 559, 861 3. 97 4. 40 Vermont _ _ _ 2, 761, 161 2, 899, 481 47.63 49. 85 i 140, 000 2. 11 2.41 Virginia . . 2 3 565, 636 2 20, 694, 000 7. 88 42.88 669, 358 1. 15 1.39 Washington.. ... _ 31, 082, 145 36, 651, 009 111.60 127. 38 1, 750, 103 5.04 6.08 West Virginia _ 17, 679, 300 18. 000, 000 50.51 48. 96 625, 000 1.48 1.70 Wisconsin . .. ... 19, 235, 040 41, 055, 587 40. 64 80. 46 792, 620 1.37 1. 55 Wyoming . 7, 242, 773 7, 543, 737 151. 74 158. 30 47, 905 .85 1.01 1 Estimated, basis city school reports. 2 Cities only. < Statistics of 2929-30. 5 Includes New York City, $366,937,000, which is not included in 1930 statistics. STATISTICS OF NEGRO SCHOOLS In the following paragraphs of this section comparisons between white and Negro schools are made with respect to enrollments, attend¬ ance, length of term, and such other items upon which data were com¬ piled (tables 31 to 36). School population and enrollment. — In 1932, there were in the 18 States in which separate schools are maintained for whites and Negroes, 9,174,600 white and 2,903,700 Negro children from 5 to 17 years of age, inclusive. It is seen, therefore, that about 24 percent of the children of school age are Negroes. The number of white children enrolled in these States in 1932 was 7,562,872, and the number of Negro children enrolled was 2,353,320. In 1932, the ratio of enroll- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 State Sch 0 Miesieelppl (1930) 19.10 Georgia 19.91 Maine 31.9S Louisiana 32.41 Kentucky 36.69 Kansas 39.60 Virginia 42. 33 West Virginia 48.96 Vermont ^9.S5 6outh Carolina 50.96 Alabama 56.27 Oklahoma 5*. 19 Tennessee 61.32 Delaware 62.78 Wisoonsin 30.46 North Carolina S2.39 Missouri S3- 63 Arkansas 36.25 New Mexico 36. 90 Massachusetts 37.21 New Hampshire 33.9*3 Indiana 92.04 Montana 93.23 Idaho 94.54 Utah 94.97 North Dakota 106.67 Iowa 116.26 Nebraska 119.32 South Dakota 124.13 Texas 124.19 Oregon 124.90 Washington 127.3S Illinois 129.54 Nevada 140.23 Minnesota 154.33 Wyoming 153.30 Arizona 153.76 Connecticut 162.32 Colorado 162.39 Pennsylvania 164.04 Maryland 163 . 16 Ohio 190.02 Michigan 206 . 59 California 210.36 Florida 210.57 Rhode Island 276.99 New Jersey 319.61 New York 329.59 United States 139.63 (Dollars) .Figure 11.— School debt outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance, by State, 1931-32. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 ment in public schools to school population was 82.4 for white children and 81 for Negro children. It is apparent, therefore, that a slightly greater proportion of white than of Negro children are enrolled in the public schools. In several States, however, as may be noted in table 31 the proportion of Negro children enrolled is practically the same as that of white children. In 1930, there were enrolled in the kindergarten and elementary school grades 2,169,992 Negro pupils, and in 1932, the enrollment in these grades was 2,217,339, an increase of 65,055, or 3 percent. The enrollment of Negro pupils in the secondary school grades in 1930 was 112,586 and in 1932 it was 135,981 an increase of 28,069, or 24.9 percent. Of the total enrollment in the Negro schools in 1932, 94.2 percent was in the kindergarten and elementary grades, and 5.8 percent in the high-school grades. In the white schools in these States 82.3 percent of the enrollment was in the kindergarten and elementary grades and 17.7 percent in the high -school grades. The Negro schools have an unusually large proportion of the children in the first grade, 33.5 per¬ cent compared with 17.7 percent in the first grade of the white schools. Attendance and short term. — The average number of Negro children in average daily attendance in 1930 was 1,645,518, and in 1932 it was 1,802,846. During the biennium, the number in average daily attend¬ ance increased 7.8 percent and the number enrolled increased 3.1 percent. During the same period, the average daily attendance of white children in the States maintaining separate schools increased 3.7 percent, and the enrollment 1.6 percent. In 1930, the average length of the school term in white schools and Negro schools was, respectively, 162 and 132 days; in 1932, the average length of term was 165 and 134 days, respectively. The shorter school term for Negroes doubtless helps account for the retardation among the Negro children. The average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in the white schools in 1930 was 128 days, and in Negro schools 97 days; in 1932, the number of days attended in white schools was 134, and in Negro schools 103. In 1930, 79 percent of the white children and 73 percent of the Negro children enrolled were in average daily at¬ tendance. In 1932, 81 percent of the white children and 77 percent of the Negro children enrolled attended daily. In several States, the percentage of Negro pupils enrolled attending daily is practically the same as that of white pupils. On the whole, however, as the fore¬ going figures indicate, the Negro children do not attend school as regularly as do the white children. Pujpil-teacher ratio. — In 1930, the number of pupils enrolled per teacher in the white schools in the States having separate schools for whites and Negroes was 34, and in Negro schools 44; in 1932, the num- STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 ber of pupils per teacher in white and Negro schools wTas 36.1 and 43.4, respectively. The heavy teacher-load in the Negro schools may account in part for excessive retardation in such schools. SOME URBAN AND RURAL SCHOOL STATISTICS When a community ceases to be rural and to take on urban charac¬ teristics is a question not easily answered. For statistical purposes, however, incorporated places having a population of 2,500 or more are classed by the Bureau of the Census and the Office of Education as urban and the remainder of the country as rural. The collection of educational statistics for urban communities as thus defined and for the country as a whole is not a very difficult matter, but the collection of such statistics from rural communities to show totals by States and for the entire country for the nonurban area has been found to be most involved, since many of the State departments of public instruction in compiling educational statistics do not separate urban and rural, or if they do, they use a variety of bases in separating these communities. Probably the most reliable method thus far used in obtaining rural school statistics for the entire country is to subtract the totals for cities from the State totals reported by the several State departments of education. Since practically all cities having a population of 2,500 or more furnished school statistics in 1932 it is possible by the process just mentioned to obtain rather complete statistics for the remainder of the country generally classed as rural. It is evident, however, that educational statistics for rural and urban areas cannot be entirely separated by subtracting urban from State totals, since some of the incorporated places include rural territory and since the boundaries of some city school districts extending as they do beyond the boundaries of the municipal corporation, include rural areas. Then, too, the en¬ rollment figures for many city school systems include nonresident pupils, especially secondary school pupils who live in rural communi¬ ties. It is obvious that the statistics for rural areas as given in the tables are only approximate. Figures for the United States are shown in table G. Population, enrollments , and attendance.— The census figures for 1930 show that 56.2 percent of the total population wTas urban and 43.8 per¬ cent was rural, and that 49.7 percent of the children 5 to 17 years of age lived in cities and 50.3 percent in rural areas at that time. There probably has not been any great change since 1930. Changes which have occurred would probably show a larger percentage of both adults and children living in rural communities, since the trend of population toward the cities has not been so great and since a movement toward the country has been in evidence since 1930. Table G.— COMPARISON OF CITY AND RURAL DAY SCHOOLS, 1931-32 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 a 2 £1 j2j .§ .. iL, m 'Pi'S ©+3c3®5§o^O— ' 1 2 P.-S ® S g*.a §•§ g, ftg » 03 O ® a g'.y-o • X5 .9o© >0-3^ a S 43 t- °3 a 43 a 0'S.- © © ..a os 3 cs £ o3 Q. 50 t. q, > r © s © 3 y o. A +s a+j es ° a a i*s& £ a b£l ^ g *-i i>s CO > c •§-§§£> i°-§3.3 lO CM ■ U5 t^- Tj< t- m os •dio 00 T3 2 5& cS % aa w W as SP^ § fc&gigjig "S a o o h a > o3 •< W "3 b 0.3 ^ S 3 £ ° O 3 fl.O . 33 © © a<~ S s 2 a-c 111 ifj £'5S^Gi Bp'3®‘ ir* i-I oi oo *o QP5 I Supervisors and principals not included where given separately. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 Of the total enrollment in the schools of the country, 13,453,838, or 51.2 percent, are enrolled in city schools and 12,821,603, or 48.8 percent, in rural schools. A comparison of the number of children enrolled with the total population shows that 19.5 percent of the total urban population and 22.2 percent of the rural population are enrolled in the public schools. This differential is probably accounted for by the difference in ratios of adults to children and fewer private schools in rural districts. Since data are not at hand showing the number of children 5 to 17 years of age attending the public schools, (1) Average Number of Pupils Per School Number of Pupils Per School 0 100 200 300 400 500 Kind of Schools Number of Pupils Per Teaoher 0 10 20 30 40 (3) Average Length of Term in Days (2) Number o5f Pupils Enrolled Per Teacher (4) Number of Days Attended by Each Pupil Enrolled Kind of Schools 01 ty Rural Length of Term in Days 50 100 150 200 Kind of Schools 1S1.5 159.9 City Rural Number of Days Attended 50 100 150 200 (5) Estimated Value of Sohool Property Per Pupil Enrolled Kind of Sohools City Rural Value in Dollars 100 200 300 400 Kind of Sohools City Rural Salary in Dollars 500 1000 1500 1.951 930 (7) Annual Expenditure for Current Expenses Per Pupil in Average Dally Attendance (8) Annual Expenditure for Capital Outlay Per Pupil in Average Dally Attendanoe Kind of Schools Current Expenses in Dollars 25 50 75 100 125 Capital Outlay in Dollars 0 5 10 City Rural 108.93 64.39 City Rural 11.61 7.24 Figure 12.— Comparisons of city and rural schools on eight items for 1931-32. the total enrollment is compared with the number of children of that age. On this basis the ratio of enrollment in city schools to the number of city children 5 to 17 years of age is 85. 8, and the ratio of the total enrollment in rural schools to the number of rural children 5 to 17 years of age is 75.2. It would thus appear that rural children do not enroll in the same proportion as do city children, but the higher ratio for city children is doubtless due in part at least to the fact that many cities maintain kindergartens for children 4 or 5 years of age while very few rural communities maintain such schools; to the 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 fact that a larger percentage of city children than of rural children are in the last year of high school, many of whom are more than 17 years of age, and to the fact that many rural children attend city schools. Since the total enrollment is compared with the number of children 5 to 17 years of age, it is possible for the ratio to equal or to exceed 100, as is the case in several States. The high ratios in several States may probably be questioned as to their correctness. Enrollments by grades in rural and city schools present some sig¬ nificant contrasts (tables 38 and 39). As is to be expected, the kindergarten has made relatively small progress in rural sections. In urban areas 1 of every 22 pupils attend¬ ing the schools is enrolled in kindergarten; in rural sections only 1 pupil of every 147 enrolled is registered in kindergarten. The enroll¬ ment in first grade is much higher for rural schools than for schools in centers of 2,500 population or more. The drop in enrollment between first and second grades is especially marked in rural schools, probably due to a condition of excessive retardation in the first grade. The percentage loss in enrollment in successive grades in rural schools is greater than in urban schools. The half-way mark in the public- school system (which also coincides rather closely with the upper limit of the compulsory school age) is the place where the superior holding power of the urban school makes itself felt. The lines (fig. 13) indicating grade enrollments in the two types of schools cross between the sixth and seventh grades and draw farther apart through the remaining grades of elementary schools and high schools, as is shown in figure 13. Of the 13,453,838 pupils enrolled in the public day schools of the cities, 11,625,461 are in average daily attendance, and of the 12,821,603 enrolled in the rural schools, 10,619,883 are in average daily attend¬ ance, or approximately one million and a half of the city and two million of the rural children enrolled are absent from school each day. Of the urban children enrolled 86.4 and of the rural children enrolled 82.8 percent are in average daily attendance. As shown in table 40, the percentage of pupils in average daily attendance in several of the States is higher in their rural than in their city schools. It is generally known that the city child has had the opportunity of attending school more days a year than has had the rural child, but the difference in the length of school term expressed in days is not so well known. In 1932, the city schools of the country were in session 181.5 days and the rural schools were in session 159.9 days. The city child thus had an opportunity of attending school 21.6 days more than had his country cousin. In several States, the length of school term in the cities of those States was about two months more than STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 Figure 13.— Percentage of enrollments in successive grades in city and rural schools, 1931-32. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 in the rural communities. For example, in Alabama the city school term exceeded the rural by 38.1 days, in Arkansas by 47.2 days, in Mississippi by 47.3 days, and in South Carolina by 42.3 days. Measured by the average number of days attended, the children enrolled in the city schools were in attendance 156.9 days and those enrolled in the rural schools were in attendance 132.4 days; in other words the city child is absent from school 24.6 days and the rural child 27.5 days during the year. In several States, as is shown in table 40, the rural school children attended school on an average of less than 100 days, while in these same States the city school children attended school between 140 and 145 days, or more than 40 days more than the number of days attended by children in the rural schools of these States. The foregoing figures showing the difference in the length of school term and the difference in the number of days attended may not seem great for 1 year but, assuming that the child continues to live in the same community and that these figures hold good for each of the 12 years of the public-school course, the city child would have within these 12 years the opportunity of attending school 259.2 more days than has the rural child. Greater regularity of attendance would give the urban child a further advantage of 44.8 days; thus the city child on an average would attend school a total of 294 more days during the 12-year period than would the rural child. Counting 20 days to a school month, the city child has the opportunity of attending school 12.9 more months than the rural child in order to complete a 12-year course, and he actually attends school 14.7 more months than the rural child. The following arithmetical problem may be presented: If a school term of 181.5 days a year is needed in order for the city child to com¬ plete the regular 12-year public-school course, how many years would it take for the rural child who has a school term of 159.9 days to complete the same course? Based on the number of days schooling offered, the answer is 13.6 years. PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO The pupil-teacher ratios given in the following paragraphs are calculated on the basis of the number of pupils enrolled and the number of positions, including teachers, principals, and supervisors. Since the part-time supervisory and administrative work that is done in rural schools is done by persons who are reported as teachers it seems more comparable to include the full-time persons in city schools who do these types of work. If the ratios were calculated on the basis of persons reported as teachers only, the ratios for cities would be considerably higher while the ratios for rural would increase very little. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 Although there are more pupils enrolled in the city schools of the Nation than in the rural schools, there are fewer teaching positions, including principals and supervisors, in the cities than in the rural areas, the total number of such positions in urban communities being 426,176 and inrural communities, 466,769. In the cities, the average number of pupils to a teaching position, including principals and supervisors, is 31.6 and in the rural com¬ munities the average is 27.5. In only 13 States does the pupil-teacher ratio in city schools fall below 30, and in no State does this ratio in such schools fall below 25; in the rural communities of 31 States the pupil-teacher ratio is less than 30, and in 22 of them it is less than 25. A further analysis of the pupil-teacher ratio in the rural schools shows that in 10 States such ratio is less than 20. As pointed out in another section of this report, the low pupil-teacher ratio in some of the States is due to the many small one- teacher schools. Attention may also be called to the fact that the low pupil-teacher ratios in rural schools are, for the most part, in those States that maintain thousands of small rural school districts for administrative purposes. Regardless of the question whether or not a low pupil-teacher ratio is desirable, it is evident that in the schools in which such ratio is low the cost per pupil will be comparatively high. A recent study by the Office of Education shows that the cost per pupil in the small one-teacher schools is much greater than in the larger schools,1 EXPENDITURE In 1932, the current expense item in city schools amounted to $1,154,318,914 for the 13,453,838 pupils enrolled in these schools, and in the rural schools it amounted to only $655,620,102 for the 12,821,603 pupils enrolled. Based on the number of pupils in aver¬ age daily attendance the cost per pupil in the city schools was $108.93 and in the rural schools $64.39. The cost per pupil in city schools ranged from $45.81 in South Carolina to $15$. 94 in New York, and in rural schools, from $25.93 in Georgia to $165.82 in Nevada (table 44). In 13 States the cost per pupil in average daily attendance in rural schools was less than $50, while in only 5 States was the cost per pupil in the city schools less than this amount. In none of the States did the cost per city school pupil fall below $40, while in 9 States the cost per rural school pupil fell below this figure. The cost per rural school pupil is low despite the fact that the average pupil-teacher ratio in the rural schools is less than in the city schools. 1 Gaumnitz, W. H. Economies through the elimination of very small schools. Washington, Govern¬ ment Printing Office, 1934. (U.S. Office of Education, Bulletin 1934, no. 3.) 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Of the total amount for current expenses, $831,839,068 was used to pay the salaries of the 426,176 supervisors, principals, and teachers in city schools, and only $434,054,842 was used for the salaries of the 466,769 rural school supervisors, principals, and teachers. In other words, the city schools of the country expended almost twice as much for such salaries as did the rural schools and for fewer teachers. A comparison of the average annual salaries of city school super¬ visors, principals, and teachers with those paid in the rural schools shows that the former were more than twice as great as the latter, the average annual city school salary in 1932 being $1,951, and the average rural school salary $930. The average annual salary varies greatly among the States for both city and rural school teachers (table 43). The average salary in city schools ranges from $967 in Arkansas to $2,808 in New York, and the average salary in rural schools ranges from $485 in Arkansas to $2,152 in Connecticut. On the basis of a minimum salary of $1,000 a year, the average salary for city teachers in all but 2 States equals or exceeds this amount, but in only 23 States does the average salary of rural school teachers equal or exceed $1,000. In 12 States the rural school salaries average less than $700 a year. In 1932, capital outlay for city schools was $134,144,938 and for rural schools, $76,851,324, or $11.61 per city school pupil and $7.24 per rural school pupil. The cost per city school pupil for capital outlay varied from 59 cents in Mississippi to $51.87 in Delaware, and the cost per rural school pupil varied from 20 cents in Iowa to $68.35 in Delaware. SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND RELATED ITEMS The total number of rural school buildings in the entire country is 218,180 and the total number of city school buildings 27,761. Of the total number of schoolhouses 143,445 have but 1 room. Since nearly all of them are in rural districts more than half of the rural schoolhouses are of the 1-room type. In the cities the average number of pupils to a building is 485, while in the rural area the average to a building is only 59. In the following States the average number of pupils to a building in rural communities is less than 30: Kansas, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming (table 42). The smallness of the rural schools is more definitely shown in United States Office of Education Bulle¬ tin 1934, No. 3, “ Economies Through the Elimination of Very Small Schools. ” The estimated value of city school property is more than twice as great as that of rural school property. The total estimated value of city school property is $4,764,517,579 and of rural school property STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 $1,817,022,177. The average value of school property per pupil enrolled in city schools is $353, and per pupil enrolled in rural schools $143. The value of city school property for pupils ranges from $144 in Georgia to $460 in New York and the value of rural school property for pupils enrolled ranges from $47 in Georgia to $460 in Nevada. In 12 States rural school property is valued at less than $100 per pupil enrolled. SOME EFFECTS OF THE ECONOMIC SITU ATI ON UPON THE SCHOOLS The effects of the depression, which started about 1928 or 1929, began to be seriously reflected in the schools of the country between 1930 and 1932. At first only a school district here and there was affected, but within the biennium enough were affected to lower State and national averages in certain respects. The foregoing statement, it should be kept in mind, relates only to the biennium 1930-32. Since 1932 the effects of the economic situation upon the schools have been such as to be a matter of grave concern. One of the effects between 1930 and 1932 was to lower the average length of the school term from 172.7 days to 171.2 days. The decrease of 1.5 days may not seem great, but this is an average. To obtain a true picture of the situation, data for individual States and of school districts within the States should be noted. According to information furnished the Office of Education by 1,137 county school superintend¬ ents the school term in some counties was 50 percent less in 1932 than in 1930. In 6 States there were counties in which the school term was decreased more than 20 percent, and in 12 States the reduc¬ tion was between 10 and 20 percent in some counties. A 20-percent decrease in a school term of 160 days would reduce the term to 128 days, and a 10-percent decrease to 144 days. It is thus evident that within the biennium when the effects of the depression were beginning to be felt in the schools the school term w^as reduced about a month in some of the school districts of the country. As a result of the economic situation the cost per pupil in average daily attendance decreased 3.7 percent for the country as a whole. In only 7 States did the per capita cost increase. These States are Connecticut, Delaware, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, and Texas. The greatest increase, 5.5 percent, was in Delaware. The decreases range from 1.5 percent in Maryland to 26.4 percent in South Carolina. These are only averages. According to data 2 compiled to show the amount of change in current expenses from 1930-31 to 1931-32 the decrease amounted to as much as 58 percent in some counties. * Gaumnitz, W. H. Some effects of the economic situation upon rural schools. Circular No. 80, U.S. Office of Education, February 1933. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 The1 per capita cost for capital outlay decreased in every State except Delaware, Maryland, Rhode Island, and the District of Columbia. The decrease ranged from 5.4 percent in Wyoming to 86 percent in Vermont. In many communities nothing or very little was expended for the purchase of land and the erection of school- houses in 1932. Yet the school enrollment in many of these com¬ munities was increasing. One of the effects of the depression, it appears, has been to increase the enrollment, since fewer boys and girls are being employed and since many of those thrown out of employment in some of the States are compelled by the compulsory-attendance laws in these States to return to school. For the country as a whole the enrollment increased 2.3 percent from 1930 to 1932, which is a little greater than the increase from 1928 to 1930, and greater than the average increase from 1920 to 1930 (table I). From 1930 to 1932 the number of pupils in average daily attendance increased 4.6 percent, while the number of teaching positions increased only 2.5 percent (table C). Attention may again be called to the fact that the foregoing figures relate to the biennium 1930-32. Since 1932 up to the time of the preparation of this report the effects of the economic situation on the schools have been in many communities a cause of apprehension or even alarm among the people of the Nation with regard to the outlook for the schools. School terms have been greatly reduced in thousands of school districts, classes have been much enlarged, teachers in many districts remain unpaid or they have been paid in warrants, salaries have been greatly reduced, many districts report lowered qualifications for teachers, current-expense budgets have been cut in practically all the school districts, amounting to as much as or more than 50 percent in some of them, and highly essential activities and services have been eliminated or curtailed. The elimination and curtailment include: Whole schools and classes for special purposes, such as kindergarten, night, continuation, and summer schools, and schools and classes for handicapped children ; staffs for specialized services, such as those for supervision and health ; and certain fields of instruction, such as music, art, home economics, manual training, and physical education. The following is a brief summary of the situation in the schools made from reports of State and city school officials to the Office of Education in the fall of 1933: 770 schools are now closed with no provision for 175,146 children. 1,540 schools will have terms of 3 months or less. 10,982 schools will have terms of 3 to 6 months. City schools employ 18,000 fewer teachers now than they employed in 1930. 200,000 certified teachers are unemployed. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 City school budgets average 20-percent reduction since 1930. Schools now operate upon $368,000,000 less than in 1930. Expenditures for new buildings have dropped 79 percent since 1930. 45,228 teachers will receive less than $300 this school year (if paid). 210,120 teachers will receive from $300 to $750 this school year (1 in 4 receive less than the minimum code wage) . Since 1930 in 700 typical cities the following reductions in instruction had been made: Art, 103. Music, 139. Physical education, 109. Health instruction, 111. Home economics, 84. Table 1.— STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS COMBINED, 1870-1932 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 1932 - 124, 822, 000 32,031,549 26, 275, 441 5, 140, 021 22, 245, 344 3, 807, 940, 714 153, 861 717, 746 § N OO 245, 941 $6, 581, 539, 756 $28, 936, 098 1, 589, 692, 732 384, 799, 151 64, 601, 318 2,068,029,299 GO 105, 710, 620 27, 728, 788 - 21, 578, 316 2, 200, 389 16, 150, 035 2,615,161,151 95, 654 583, 648 < 679, 533 271, 319 $2, 409, 719, 120 $26, 036, 098 758, 896, 551 134, 278, 753 50, 908, 896 970, 120, 298 | 153, 542, 852 613, 404, 578 269, 203, 779 1, 036, 151, 209 1915 100, 395, 318 26, 425, 100 19, 704, 209 1, 561, 556 14, 985, 900 2, 389, 084, 558 118, 449 485, 852 o § 277, 941 $1,567,391,225 $17, 079, 977 456, 956, 495 91, 104, 045 24, 511, 076 589,651,593 102, 756, 375 345, 006, 445 157, 697, 965 605, 460, 785 1910 G0 91, 972, 266 24, 239, 948 17, 813, 852 3 915, 061 12, 827, 307 2, Oil, 477, 065 110, 481 412, 729 523,210 265, 474 $1,091,007,512 $14, 096, 555 312, 221, 582 64, 604, 701 42, 140, 859 433,063,697 69, 978, 370 253, 915, 170 102, 356, 894 426, 250, 434 1900 75, 602, 515 21, 404, 322 15, 503, 110 3 519, 251 10, 632, 772 1,534,822,633 126, 588 296, 474 423,062 248, 279 $550, 069, 217 $9, 152, 274 149, 486, 845 37, 886, 740 23, 240, 130 219, 765, 989 35, 450, 820 137,687,746 41, 826, 052 214,964,618 1890 62, 622, 250 18, 543, 201 12, 722, 631 3 202, 963 8, 153, 635 1,098,232,725 125, 525 238, 397 363,922 224, 526 $342, 531, 791 $7, 744, 765 97, 222, 426 26, 345, 323 11,882,292 143, 194, 806 26, 207, 041 91, 836, 484 22, 463, 190 140, 506, 715 O 00 00 eo 50, 155, 783 15, 065, 767 9, 867, 395 3 110, 277 6, 144, 143 800, 719, 970 122, 795 163, 798 286,593 178, 122 $209, 571, 718 i i ii i 1 li i l il l ; i 1 1 $55, 942, 972 78, 094, 687 1870 N 38,558,371 12, 055, 443 6, 871, 522 3 3 80, 227 4, 077, 347 539, 053, 423 77, 529 122, 986 200,515 116,312 $130, 383, 008 i l li i l II i i il 1 1 1 $37,832,566 63, 396, 666 Item - I. — General statistics Total population 1 — . Children 5-17 years of age (inclu¬ sive) 1 . . . . . Pupils enrolled (excluding dupli¬ cates) _ _ _ Pupils enrolled in public high schools... _ _ _ _ Average daily attendance . . Total number of days attended by all pupils _ Men teachers . . . . Women teachers . . . Total teachers.. ..... _ Number of schoolhouses _ Value of all school property. . . II. — Financial statistics Revenue receipts: From income of permanent funds and lands. . _ _ From county and local taxes and appropriations.. . _ From State taxes and appro¬ priations . . . .. From all other sources . . Total _ Expenditures: For sites, buildings, furniture, libraries, and apparatus _ For salaries of superintendents, supervisors, principals, and • teachers . . For all other purposes _ _ Total — _ _ ... . . statii STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 t-H O CO ton (NO 2*2 >»2 a o ®'“ a .2 _ 3 ~ ° “ o'o-g n C3 0) c3 ^ O n oj; a a o o 3 _ ■— a q'—' q q ® £f ■ liasss^ii Pm Ph PLiPh © ® © 2 2B © 53 M °3 M ©5 fl MJ= cs®cs ©5a:o If *— ■ ce *3^ ©*3 > a "C ®3 © OT __ a © 'Soft a > fl © _ ® fl « >>2w ‘-g-ao So§®pS° ) W ~ Uj S ^ rl tJDrC d cd ^ O d , cs © cs o © cs o SivSrw © I ! © >i © >>.c ©©§©^“^^©<1 ■ E>^ ^ © >■ +-> o fe ■*-> < < Ph> - ,*3 +J 3: '^q p* I © S 3 : 3,3 n ; © m u :S.a © **J *3 §^s © q © ts q a 3, cs 2*3 *„ .-q o ©^ ,*3 ®_ 3< | BS 3 3 ISIS' _ f- . x X © •■A w„0Sr2©y©O +j *— 3 •— ' rM c3 bX) ^ ,a^3pSSS * o ft O A > v5 ^ Eh ►>> rc3,3r3 »3ts © O © ■9.S o, 3,3,w CO Tt* fe H(N ^ W O O “ BMfl ’> > .2 © © "cs Pi 3. q 3 3 q w m.3 ooS a “i» 8 g>jjS © gBsBBB a u, ,3 m*3 2 2 2 © S S|.932S| s .t?os©°°°I Q, d ®fl t< h 1, M © -w M © © © .. C O ©3, ,0,3,0 bfi s 2 a a a a a.a a ft^-gaPA© § 2Saaaa© © wa©£22q if O -2 *3 *3 *3 B TOa ft w03® 3 3 3 2 © 22 q B £ P* p* P..S Isif gills Table 2 —DISTRIBUTION OF PUPILS BY GRADES, IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS ONLY, PARTLY ESTIMATED 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 ^ ° OTjico ' gfj s“* ISgSlislilsSSS glgll'IssiEglS™ CO c> oi «> W «N , i 3 V 1 Q - Continental United States. _ Alabama _ _ Arizona . . . . . . . California . Colorado . . Connecticut . . . . Delaware _ _ _ _ District of Columbia... . . Florida . . . . . Georgia . . . Idaho . . . Illinois . . Indiana.... Iowa.. _ _ _ Kansas . . . . . Kentucky . . . . Louisiana ... Maine . . . . Maryland . . Massachusetts . Michigan . . . . . Minnesota . . . . . Mississippi . . Missouri. . Montana . Footnotes at end of table. Table 3 —PERCENT OF THE TOTAL POPULATION ENROLLED IN SCHOOL AND RATIO OF ENROLLMENT TO SCHOOL POPULATION OF DIFFERENT DATES— Continued 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Outlying parts of the United States STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 hiOOOH O GON © cc o — « ONION CO rjn iO S-. o <2>P CO CO o « 3 3 tO to oC« ill g g §.11 an n <|BS Table 4.— POPULATION, SCHOOL CENSUS, AND PUPILS ENROLLED (EXCLUDING DUPLICATES WITHIN STATES) 1931-32 , 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 w '3. 3 P, ”3 o E-» Total W 26, 275, 441 639, 836 97, 900 446, 151 1, 123, 550 247, 074 325, 493 44, 522 90, 087 367, 758 742, 756 119, 123 1, 415, 553 687, 629 555, 341 421, 354 613, 119 447, 517 161, 756 288, 169 782, 225 996, 825 558, 148 581, 759 683, 830 119, 134 Girls a 12, 937, 672 316, 504 48, 607 221, 503 545, 702 120, 985 156, 831 21,815 45, 467 184, 833 382, 242 58, 513 682, 507 335, 579 274, 162 206, 082 301, 860 225, 523 79, 598 141, 692 380, 077 503, 565 275, 908 293, 057 335, 831 58, 310 Boys s 13, 337, 769 323,332 49,293 224,648 , 577,848 | 126, 089 168, 662 22, 707 44, 620 182, 925 360, 514 60, 610 733, 046 352, 050 281, 179 215, 272 311, 259 221, 994 82, 158 146, 477 402, 148 493, 260 282, 240 288, 702 347, 999 60, 824 Secondary pupils Total 05 5, 140, 021 69, 146 15, 958 53,911 270, 366 47, 889 72, 558 8, 726 18, 681 52, 494 93, 030 28, 518 337, 798 161, 071 124, 989 98, 436 71, 945 63, 989 33, 498 52, 202 202, 670 200, 513 114, 446 57, 846 145, 091 29, 094 Girls oo 2, 609, 231 37, 661 7, 807 28, 431 132, 525 24, 292 34, 015 4, 401 9, 752 28, 056 52, 549 14, 618 161,914 79, 365 65, 118 49, 802 37, 385 34, 746 17, 349 26, 804 98, 704 108, 807 62, 084 31, 099 72, 949 15, 061 Boys 2, 530, 790 31,485 8,151 25, 480 137, 841 23, 597 38, 543 4, 325 8, 929 24, 438 40, 481 13, 900 175, 884 81, 706 59, 871 48, 634 34, 560 29, 243 16, 149 25, 398 103, 966 91, 706 52, 362 26, 747 72, 142 14, 033 Elementary (including kinder¬ garten) pupils Total o 21, 135, 420 570,690 81, 942 392, 240 853. 184 199. 185 252, 935 35, 796 71, 406 315, 264 649, 746 90, 605 1, 077, 755 526, 558 430, 352 322, 918 541, 174 383, 528 128, 258 235, 967 579, 555 796, 312 443, 702 523, 913 538, 739 90, 040 Girls 10, 328, 441 278, 843 40, 800 193, 072 413, 177 96, 693 122, 816 17,414 35, 715 156, 777 329, 693 ' 43,895 520, 593 256, 214 209, 044 156, 280 264, 475 190, 777 62, 249 114, 888 281, 373 394, 758 213, 824 261,958 262, 882 43, 249 Boys 10, 806, 979 291, 847 41, 142 199, 168 440, 007 102, 492 130, 119 18, 382 35, 691 158, 487 320, 033 46, 710 557, 162 270, 344 221, 308 166, 638 276, 699 192, 751 66, 009 121, 079 298, 182 401, 554 229, 878 261, 955 275, 857 46, 791 Population 5-17 years both inclusive (estimated) 32, 031, 549 823. 100 120, 800 559, 600 1, 194, 400 264, 200 412, 000 58, 200 89, 400 391. 100 890. 100 127, 900 1, 795, 000 792, 000 616, 800 478. 100 759. 100 612, 200 197, 600 407, 500 1, 014, 600 1,233, 800 662. 100 615, 800 860, 200 141, 349 Total esti¬ mated population (thousands) July 1, 1932 ** 124,822 2, 682 448 1,867 5, 947 1,047 1,634 240 493 1,528 2,910 447 7, 768 3, 275 2, 479 1,894 2, 638 2, 138 801 1,653 4,297 4, 983 2, 585 2,036 3, 656 538 State or outlying part - Continental United States ... _ _ Alabama.. .. . . _ _ . _ Arizona _ Arkansas. _ _ _ _ California _ _ _ Colorado _ _ _ _ Connecticut _ _ _ _ _ Delaware _ _ District of Columbia _ _ ... _ _ Florida _ _ _ Georgia _ .. .. _ _ _ _ Idaho . . . _ _ Illinois . . . . . Indiana _ _ Iowa - - ... - Kansas.. - Kentucky.. - Louisiana - - - Maine _ _ _ Maryland _ Massachusetts - - Michigan... . . - - Minnesota.. - - .. Mississippi _ _ _ _ _ _ Missouri . . Montana . . . . . .. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 324, 241 19, 840 76, 431 821, 532 109, 525 2, 240, 196 865, 681 165, 608 1, 299, 212 673, 297 204, 792 2, 008, 039 123, 239 475, 074 164, 914 641, 551 1,309, 746 141,048 66, 259 582, 982 346, 993 422, 357 579, 605 56, 670 5,414 2, 102 7, 691 3, 464 78, 663 1,224, 548 229, 169 3,242 SslSl §1131 ISils II6SI IlSi s-sss f|SS|g sgsgs ggW gggS 2, 769 1,076 3, 680 1, 557 37, 719 523, 872 105, 149 1,558 sissi IISIs sills ISslI sill ss’sss s|'s|g s'|sgs igssg gsgs f—T ^ Hill 111 §r 74, 232 4, 543 16, 955 154, 969 15, 046 507, 090 133, 207 32, 089 295, 196 113, 421 52, 114 397, 650 25, 268 57, 881 33, 987 79, 164 256,919 38, 454 12, 646 83, 536 95, 732 62, 702 158, 873 13, 482 Hill glsll sill! sill! 1111 gefrff*.- g-g-s-g-g sga'g’s ssss” 475 384 21 4, 204 31,977 3, 450 75 86SSS SiSSS ilsal §1111 sill SS2SS sgaas sg'a-s ss?k» 462 385 49 5, 384 48, 859 3,740 87 250, 009 15, 297 59, 476 666, 563 94, 479 1, 733, 106 732, 474 133,519 1, 004, 016 559, 876 152, 678 1, 610, 389 97, 971 417, 193 130, 927 562, 387 1, 052, 827 102, 594 53, 613 499, 446 251, 261 359, 655 420, 732 43, 188 4,477 2,102 6, 922 3, 394 69, 075 1,143,712 221, 979 3, 080 IfsSS !§§3g Hill sslgfs gfSSs rags am ssi* 2,294 1,076 3, 296 1,536 33, 515 491, 895 101, 699 1,483 SliSS IsisI Slsls Hiss Ills r-i* s'i¥ is— s' s«" 2, 183 1,026 3, 626 1,858 35, 560 651,817 120, 280 1,597 359. 200 19, 400 110, 400 1,011,300 129, 600 2, 844, 500 1, 053, 300 204, 600 1, 631, 700 702, 400 218, 300 2,585,700 173, 100 594, 700 197, 700 757, 500 1, 653, 800 156, 000 88, 000 719, 700 362, 800 530, 600 751, 200 59, 100 14, 200 3, 500 9, 800 6, 100 110, 700 2 3, 500, 000 548, 500 5, 925 §§13§ ills! sslsl lisii Isll -T V nco Off or ^4" ef»o of 60 11 43 20 393 12, 589 1,598 22 Table 4A.— POPULATION, SCHOOL CENSUS, AND PUPILS ENROLLED (EXCLUDING DUPLICATES WITHIN STATES), 1931-32 1 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 allig iglsa gills sSiil Sill II iliil iWi s!“Ss¥ ill-' 3135 mi «s‘eft»“«5‘ oc^gfcc mm mm mm mm ssssu tmwmm §'“£§'£ ll'g'il S|S|‘S sgss?g' s'l'I'sil sW llsil 33113 I1IIS 3368! ssSI mm mm s mm mm sw 2, 645 1,026 4, 011 1,907 40, 944 700, 676 124, 020 1, 684 lllll !!!!§ gglii islli elsl gfsfgtftf SS§2 § i i! 5 Sign gis§! iiiii gins nig s'^sf-' gg'sW sTg^sr s's'S” § : i c - ISI r-TcO CO 35, 082 2. 337 8,418 62, 320 7,480 261, 331 62, 505 13, 532 70, 020 55, 158 22, 378 104, 884 2,583 25, 297 15,402 36, 519 125,914 15, 047 5, 954 24, 420 47, 843 25, 987 52, 892 6, 495 § i is * : . * III- 00 CO :s £ is IrjT i 6,812 39, 357 11, 823 1 j j id :s : !^h ! ii i is i j! i 1 i ” il ■ o> i i s' i 3, 484 18, 960 5, 796 ' ' ' il i ! ccT 1 :s : i r— i is i S3 : i 1 ,-r ;s !©- il 3, 328 20. 397 6, 027 ' ' ' 1 «o l ;s i !io- 1 ' 1 il i !g ; il i 1 jS 1 5 ill i iS i il i i- i i 1 i wr 1 i£ ;co is is ill ; is i ' ’ ii i j co- ! : g ! r4 s ii jeo is itf 111 i 1 o 1 » il i ! H is: ©co ; il i s : eo ' ! . 5 si rfS- l :s • (M III ! eog'oo i iS ,'r-T jS il 1 tC 1 ? IS i oV i ii : s i O ! go § §§§§§ sggfg iisgf i2sis mm mm mm mm g'gg- Sllll IS§1S smrmm sgs‘=s gg'SSg lisle lllll SKS|S gSSSg Il§g| lllll SiSIS glW Mii s&£s“a HIT (NHNH §^£23 iiiif s'-'s'a'e liflr imt in mm mw iiiii »'SS' IISS S'B'S'SS lilt Ills Sill ISII uss" wm t im Nrf cdD Rico 6,142 202, 113 Virgin Islands _ 172 234 14 3,112 i 1 Includes kindergartens. 2 United States totals not given because many States do not distribute their attendance to all types of schools. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 Table 6.— AGGREGATE NUMBER OF DAYS ATTENDED, 1931-32 State or outlying part Elementary schools 1 Reorganized high schools Regular and voca¬ tional high schools Total Junior Junior- senior Senior * 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1 2 3) (2) (2) (2> (2) 3, 807, 940, 714 Alabama _ ... _ 55, 368, 641 11, 356, 662 35, 373, 383 116, 182, 270 19, 184, 260 74. 552. 901 13, 830, 223 46, 705, 286 172, 910, 310 35, 491, 203 51, 499, 674 7, 134, 879 13, 205, 122 49, 027, 334 78, 647, 078 17, 168, 590 231, 029, 684 102, 467, 404 84, 288, 078 66, 019, 876 72,012,348 57, 777, 303 26, 074,211 46, 607, 325 125, 691, 433 161, 726, 999 85, 186, 330 3 58, 164, 870 107, 554, 190 18, 635, 519 49, 321, 743 2, 884,563 12, 198, 565 126, 693, 310 14, 280, 763 356, 025, 833 112, 478, 197 24, 033, 622 206,028,384 84. 445. 901 31, 796, 889 314, 518, 285 19, 290, 908 53, 923, 087 23,271,315 80, 339, 592 168, 686, 792 20,929,400 10, 154, 035 81. 199.388 51,638,411 60. 386. 388 91, 626, 368 8, 380, 805 140, 170 1, 978, 828 21, 277, 760 116, 872 1, 068, 315 2, 216, 519 2, 462, 205 35, 450, 280 5, 822, 555 38, 048, 580 4, 807, 942 8, 592, 737 36, 850, 881 2, 705, 580 788, 223 2, 242, 202 6, 454, 821 10, 745, 514 27, 728 2, 370, 183 1, 043, 264 467, 722 5, 721, 632 13, 094, 572 176. 484, 852 72,683,065 59, 652, 783 46, 350, 580 61, 507, 989 48, 371, 844 20, 512, 716 35, 161, 410 81, 743, 382 4, 074, 018 54, 544, 832 5, 123, 370 5, 345, 138 5, 495, 904 24, 660, 969 4, 512, 656 1, 745, 990 13, 031, 511 14, 173, 392 10, 504, 359 9, 405, 459 5,561,495 4, 861, 070 12, 920,117 3, 976, 850 16, 409, 057 2, 607, 995 14, 618, 877 Massachusetts _ _ Michigan _ Minnesota _ _ _ 61, 456, 937 7, 357, 680 282, 634 6, 317, 390 9, 771, 689 Mississippi . .. . Missouri.. ... _ Montana _ _ _ 13, 925, 168 37, 569, 842 2, 190, 481 8, 411, 379 97, 121, 634 12, 092, 618 4, 710, 351 11, 751,901 694, 082 2, 732, 160 18, 786, 889 Nebraska.. _ Nevada New Hampshire 1, 055, 026 6, 333, 040 New Jersey - - New Mexico _ _ 1, 205, 282 3, 246, 465 New York North Carolina. _ _ 92, 964, 128 19, 514, 069 North Dakota .. _ Ohio. _ _ _ 141, 020, 252 67, 775, 616 21, 520, 337 235, 718, 797 15, 843, 093 15, 797, 904 11, 116, 112 22, 251, 023 16, 670, 285 8, 321, 002 32, 264, 358 Oklahoma Oregon _ 857,506 18, 924, 286 1, 098, 044 6, 204, 684 Pennsylvania. 21, 406, 160 Rhode Island . South Carolina 45, 184, 990 18, 617, 052 68, 725, 368 132, 551, 142 13, 242, 669 8, 738,097 4, 654, 263 11, 614, 224 36, 135, 650 4, 327, 792 Smith Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah 3, 358, 939 Vermont ... Virginia . Washington _ _ _ 37, 420, 547 46, 834, 394 64, 638, 888 6, 332, 919 14, 217, 864 8, 721, 541 15, 732, 996 2, 047, 886 West Virginia . 4, 830, 453 5, 828, 120 Wisconsin _ 5, 426, 364 Wvoming Outlying parts of the United States Alaska.. _ 759, 543 1, 354, 356 636, 002 13, 585, 737 218, 040, 225 38, 454,825 598,090 Canal Zone _ 1, 019, 859 216, 038 118, 459 Guam _ Hawaii _ ... 10, 723, 251 903, 434, 725 37, 275, 579 520, 035 1, 319, 613 643, 977 622, 932 275, 964 14, 605, 500 1, 179, 246 910 Philippine Islands Puerto Rico . Virgin Islands .. 32, 930 44, 215 1 Includes kindergartens. 3 United States totals not given because many States do not distribute their attendance to all types of schools. 3 Statistics, 1930. 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 7.— AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT DIFFERENT DATES State or outlying part 1870-71 1 1879-80 1889-90 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1931-32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U.S _ _ 4, 545, 317 8, 144, 143 8, 153, 635 10, 632, 772 12, 827, 307 16, 150, 035 21, 264, 886 22, 245, 344 Alabama . 107, 666 117, 978 182, 467 297, 805 266, 589 367, 554 473, 553 508,837 Arizona _ _ _ 2,847 4, 702 10, 177 20, 094 46, 420 75, 969 80, 962 Arkansas _ 46, 600 i 54. 700 i 148, 714 195, 401 255, 135 326, 053 330, 825 338, 909 California _ _ 64, 286 100,966 146, 589 197, 395 286, 744 480, 864 908, 765 967, 776 Colorado _ ... 2,611 12, 618 38, 715 73, 291 107, 520 150, 090 190, 742 199, 165 Connecticut _ 62, 683 73, 546 83, 656 111, 564 2 147. 190 205, 213 274, 482 285, 206 Delaware _. . _. .. . 12, 700 17, 439 19, 649 i 25, 300 22, 559 27, 368 36, 255 38,784 District of Columbia. ._ 10, 261 20, 637 28, 184 35, 463 44, 627 52, 739 68, 312 73,470 Florida _ _ _ 10, 900 27, 046 64, 819 75, 003 103, 892 165, 720 267, 042 292, 728 Georgia _ _ 31, 377 145, 190 240, 791 298, 237 346, 295 467, 081 538, 271 572, 343 Idaho _ _ _ 600 3, 863 i 9, 500 21, 962 51,137 84, 642 98, 479 101, 993 Illinois _ 341, 686 431, 638 538, 310 737, 576 779, 040 956, 090 1, 203, 537 1,226, 875 Indiana _ .. .. 295, 071 321, 659 342, 275 429, 566 420, 780 457, 113 596, 416 649, 348 Iowa _ _ __ 211,562 259, 836 306, 309 373, 474 360, 178 405, 567 465, 051 478, 370 Kansas _ . 52, 891 137, 669 243, 300 261, 783 291, 329 309, 505 364, 801 383, 920 Kentucky _ _ ... 129, 866 178, 000 225, 739 310, 339 315, 196 3 342, 669 432, 862 463, 442 Louisiana _ . ._ 40, 500 i 54, 800 87, 536 146, 323 182, 659 256, 133 349, 594 370, 224 Maine _ _ 100, 392 103, 115 98, 364 97, 697 106, 955 115,885 138, 043 146, 099 Maryland . ... 56, 435 85, 778 102, 351 134, 400 145, 762 175, 312 235, 555 249, 398 Massachusetts _ 201, 750 233, 127 273, 910 366, 136 444, 090 519, 905 675, 676 698, 432 Michigan . . . 193, 000 t 240, 000 i 282, 000 355, 226 443, 458 521, 251 844, 967 866, 790 Minnesota _ _ 50, 694 i 78, 400 127, 025 243, 224 348, 500 394, 859 456, 836 475, 174 Mississippi . . . 90, 000 156, 761 207, 704 224, 526 261, 384 3 259, 982 436, 162 429, 422 Missouri _ _ 187, 024 i 281,000 384, 627 460,012 490, 390 531, 221 576, 417 602. 204 Montana... . . 1, 100 i 3, 000 10, 596 i 26, 300 41, 314 91, 744 105, 327 107, 724 Nebraska . . 14, 300 60, 156 146,139 181, 874 191, 076 232,515 259, 188 281, 888 Nevada. _ _ _ .. 1,800 5, 401 5,064 4,698 i 7, 400 10, 625 14, 977 16, 397 New Hampshire . . 48, 150 48, 966 41, 526 47, 276 50, 101 53, 245 65, 966 68, 626 New Jersey. . _ _ 86, 812 115, 194 133, 286 207, 947 324, 239 476, 261 662, 961 691, 952 New Mexico . . 880 3, 150 > 13, 000 22, 433 37, 389 59, 442 76, 216 83, 657 New York . . 493, 648 573, 089 642, 984 857, 488 1, 122, 649 1,361,600 1, 866, 243 1,958, 164 North Carolina _ 73, 000 170, 100 203, 100 206, 918 331,335 473, 552 672, 895 728, 265 North Dakota . . 1,040 i 8, 530 20, 694 43, 500 90, 149 128, 436 148, 614 144, 653 Ohio _ . 432, 452 476, 279 549, 269 616, 365 648, 544 808, 712 1,141,324 1, 178, 885 Oklahoma. . 63, 718 278, 650 355, 998 470, 090 493, 244 Oregon . . . 15, 000 27,435 43, 333 64, 411 103,553 136, 575 155, 166 197,224 Pennsylvania . 567, 188 601, 627 682, 941 854, 640 1, 001, 464 1, 266, 350 1, 661, 128 1, 735, 557 Rhode Island _ _ 22, 485 27, 217 33, 905 47, 124 61,487 73, 387 102, 584 105, 994 South Carolina _ _ 44, 700 i 90, 600 147, 799 201, 295 243, 901 331, 451 348, 482 373, 718 South Dakota . . (1 2 * 4) (') 48, 327 i 68, 000 80, 032 98, 907 138, 635 137, 470 Tennessee _ . . 89, 000 208, 528 323, 548 338, 566 363, 953 457, 503 481,962 502, 978 Texas _ 41, 000 i 132, 000 291, 941 438, 779 544, 691 745, 667 1, 073, 847 1, 057, 665 Utah _ 12, 819 17, 178 20, 967 50, 595 69, 246 97, 745 120. 573 127, 331 Vermont... ... 44, 100 48, 606 45, 887 47, 020 52, 104 50, 186 57, 975 58, 169 Virginia . . . 77, 402 128, 404 198, 290 216, 464 259, 394 351, 171 452, 567 482, 645 Washington _ 3, 300 10,546 36, 946 74, 717 156, 064 211, 239 278, 520 287, 727 West Virginia _ 51, 336 91,604 121, 700 151, 254 189, 900 256, 479 350, 046 367, 616 Wisconsin _ 132, 000 156, 000 200, 457 i 309, 800 320, 439 368, 712 473, 258 510, 270 Wyoming . 250 1,920 i 4, 700 i 9, 650 16, 730 33, 297 47, 730 47, 654 Outlying parts of the United, States Alaska _ 2, 505 2,899 4, 468 Canal Zone _ 2, 575 6,070 6, 337 Guam _ _ _ 3, 532 3,347 Hawaii.. . . . 38, 451 68, 510 74,239 Philippine Islands _ 756, 533 1, 008, 904 1. 118, 155 Puerto Rico. . 145, 250 193, 396 510, 270 Virgin Islands _ 3, 061 3,112 1 Approximate. 2 High-school attendance not reported. * Figures for 1919. 4 Included with North Dakota. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 Table 8.— PUPILS ENROLLED IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT DIFFERENT DATES State or outlying part 1870-711 1879-80 1889-90 1S99-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1931-32 1 2 3 4 5 6 » 8 9 Continental U.S - 7, 561, 582 9, 867, 595 12, 722, 631 15, 503, 110 17, 813, 852 21,578,316 25, 678, 015 26, 275, 441 Alabama - 141, 312 179, 490 301, 615 376, 423 424, 611 569, 940 622,988 639, 836 4, 212 7, 989 16, 504 31,312 76, 505 103, 806. 97, 900 Arkansas - - - 69, 927 81, 972 223,071 314. 662 395, 978 483, 172 456, 185 446, 151 California - 91, 332 158, 765 221, 756 269, 736 368, 391 696, 238 1, 068, 683 1, 123, 550 Colorado - 4,357 22,119 65,490 117, 555 168, 798 220, 232 240, 482 247, 074 Connecticut - 113,588 119, 694 126, 505 155, 228 190, 353 261, 463 319, 453 325, 493 Delaware - 20,058 27. 823 31, 434 36, 895 35, 950 38. 483 42, 360 44,522 District of Columbia... 15, 157 26, 439 36,906 46, 519 55, 774 65,298 80, 965 90, C87 Florida - 14,000 39, 315 92, 472 108, 874 148,089 225. 160 346, 434 367, 758 Georgia - 49, 578 236, 533 381, 297 482, 673 555, 794 690, 918 713,290 742, 756 Idaho - - 906 5, 834 14,311 36, 669 76, 168 115, 192 120, 947 119, 123 Illinois - 672. 787 704,041 778, 319 958, 911 1, 002, 687 1, 127, 56C 1, 395, 907 1, 415, 553 Indiana - 450, 057 511, 283 512, 955 564, 807 531, 459 566,288 667, 379 687, 629 Iowa - 341. 938 426, 057 493, 267 566, 223 510, 661 514, 521 554, 655 555, 341 Kansas - 89, 777 231, 434 399, 322 389, 582 398, 746 406, 880 431, 166 421, 354 Kentucky - 178, 457 1 276, COO 399, 660 500,294 494, 863 535, 332 588, 354 613, 119 Louisiana - 57, 639 77, 642 120, 253 196, 169 263, 617 1 354, 079 434. 557 447, 517 Maine - 152, 600 149, 827 139, 676 130, 918 144, 278 137, 681 154. 455 161, 756 Maryland - 115. 683 162, 431 184, 251 222, 373 238, 393 241, 618 277, 459 288, 169 Massachusetts - 273, 661 306, 777 371, 492 474, 891 535, 869 : 623, 586 759, 492 782, 225 Michigan - 292. 466 362, 556 427, 032 504, 985 541, 501 691, 674 970, 582 996, 825 Minnesota - 113, 983 180. 248 280, 960 399, 207 440, 083 503. 597 551. 741 558, 148 Mississippi - 117. 000 236, 654 334. 158 386, 507 469, 137 i 412. 670 595. 449 581, 759 Missouri - 330. 070 482, 986 620, 314 719, 817 707, 031 1 672, 483 656. 073 683, 8c 0 Montana - 1, 657 4, 270 16, 980 39, 430 66, 141 126, 576 120, 337 119, 134 Nebraska - - 23, 265 92, 549 240,300 288,227 i 281, 375 i 311,821 325. 216 324, 241 Nevada - 3, 106 9, 045 7,387 6. 676 1 10, 200 14, 114 18. 041 19,840 New Hampshire - 71, 957 64, 341 59, 813 65. 688 63, 972 64, 205 74, 240 76, 431 New Jersey - 169. 430 204, 961 234, 072 322, 575 429. 797 594, 780 792, 012 821, 532 New Mexico - 1,320 4, 755 18, 215 36, 735 56, 304 81, 399 102, 084 109, 525 New York - 1, 028, 110 1,031,593 1, 042, 160 1, 209, 574 1, 422, 969 1,719,841 2, 141, 479 2, 240, 196 North Carolina - 115, 000 252. 612 322, 533 400. 452 520, 404 | 691, 249 866, 939 865, 681 North Dakota - 1,660 13, 718 35, 543 77, 686 139, 802 ' 168, 283 169. 277 165, 6C8 Ohio - 719, 372 729, 499 797, 489 829, 160 838, 080 1,020,663 1, 277. 636 1, 299, 212 Oklahoma _ 99, 602 422, 399 589, 282 682, 650 673, 297 Oregon - 21,000 37, 533 63.254 89, 405 118, 412 j 151, 028 202, 595 204, 792 Pennsylvania - 834, 614 937, 310 1,020,522 1, 151. 880 1, 282, 965 I 1,610,459 1, 937, 433 2, 008. 039 Rhode Island .. ... - 34,000 40. 604 52, 774 67,231 80, 061 93, 501 118, 704 123, 239 South Carolina - 66, 056 134, 072 201. 260 281. 891 340. 415 478, 045 469. 370 475, 074 South Dakota - (*) (*) 78,043 98, 822 • 126,253 146, 955 165, 624 164, 914 Tennessee - 140.000 300. 217 j 447, 950 485. 354 521, 753 619,852 627. 747 641, 551 Texas - 63.504 1 220. 000 466, 872 659, 598 821, 631 | 1,035.648 1, 308. 028 1, 309, 746 Utah - 16, 992 24, 326 37,279 73. 042 91,611 117. 406 138. 046 141, 048 Vermont - 65,384 75. 328 65. 608 65,964 66, 615 61, 785 65, 976 66. 259 Virginia - 131, 088 220, 736 i 342, 269 370, 595 402, 109 505, 190 562, 956 582, 982 "Washington - 5.000 14, 780 55,964 115, 104 215. 688 291,053 314, 731 346, 993 West Virginia - 76, 999 142, 850 193. 064 232, 343 276, 458 346, 256 ; 395, 505 422, 357 Wisconsin - 265, 285 299. 457 j 351, 723 445. 142 464,311 465. 243 564, 022 579, 605 Wyoming - - 450 2, 907 7, 052 14, 512 24. 584 43, 112 54, 505 56, 670 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ ..... _ 3, 360 3,436 5, 414 American Samoa. _ 1 . . 2, 102 Canal Zone _ _ _ _ 3,486 7,003 7, 691 Guam _ ... ... 3, 683 3, 464 Hawaii . _ 41, 350 71,657 78, 663 Philippine Islands 935, 678 | 1,121,233 1, 224, 548 Puerto Rico 180, 458 | 221, 248 229, 169 Virgin Islands 3,061 3,242 1 1 1 Estimated. 2 Included in North Dakota. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 9.— AVERAGE LENGTH OF SCHOOL TERM AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Average number of days schools were in session, 1871-1932 State or outlying part 1870- 71 1 1879- 80 1889- 90 1899- 1900 1909- 10 1919- 20 1929- 30 1931-32 Elementary schools 2 Reorganized high schools Regular and vocational high schools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United 132 130 135 144 158 161.9 172.7 3 169. 0 3 177. 9 3 176. 8 States — - 67 81 74 78 117 123. 1 150.0 140.3 167.9 109 126 125 1 136| 162.6 175. 1 172.8 180.0 160.3 i 75 78 107 126.3 149.4 133.8 154. 7 142.8 California . . 123 147 158 166 175 174.0 178.3 173.3 184.0 180.0 Colorado . . . 92 i 132 144 150 156 167.9 180.0 177.4 180.0 180.0 Connecticut . . . 172 179 183 189 185 183.5 183.7 180.0 180.0 182.8 Delaware . - . — 132 158 166 170 173 181.7 183.0 186.3 178.8 229.2 District of Columbia... 200 193 178 179 181 178.0 173.6 180.2 176.9 180.9 120 93 106 133. 1 154.4 165.3 174.5 59 i 65 83 112 144 145.0 148.0 Idaho. - _ _ 45 ♦ 94 i 70 106 i 137 172.7 162.6 167.7 170.4 Illinois _ _ 147 150 155 152 171 170.9 188.4 187.8 190.0 Indiana _ 99 136 130 152 147 155. 8 173.4 155. 6 163. 5 Iowa - - - 130 148 156 160 172 174.0 175.9 175.8 178.3 176.3 Kansas _ _ _ _ 116 120 135 126 164 164.0 169.8 169.7 177.3 177.8 Kentucky - - 110 102 94 118 125 4 123. 0 165.0 153.0 171.0 Louisiana _ 65 79 101 120 136 148.9 151.0 153.6 169.8 Maine. . _ 98 109 112 141 159 169. 2 179. 0 177. 4 182.6 Maryland. - - 183 187 184 183 i 185 179.6 186. 1 186.5 189.3 186.7 Massachusetts - 169 177 177 189 186 179.4 183.3 179.3 181.4 180.9 Michigan _ 140 150 156 164 171 172. 0 185. 6 Minnesota . . . .. 83 94 128 169 149 160.0 180. 1 180.0 181.4 171.7 Mississippi _ _ 110 75 i 86 101 123 4 122.0 133.4 Missouri _ _ 90 1 104 129 144 155 162.8 180.5 Montana _ 89 96 143 107 185 166. 4 173. 5 172. 2 175. 3 Nebraska _ - _ 72 82 140 135 174 164. 0 175. 2 175. 2 174. 3 Nevada _ 142 143 140 154 1 145 167! 0 178. 9 176. 4 174. 5 New Hampshire . 70 105 118 148 164 174.0 179.0 177.2 179.0 179! 0 New Jersey - - - 178 192 192 186 184 189.0 188.4 183. 1 182.4 183.4 New Mexico _ _ 111 111 i 67 97 100 165. 0 172. 2 170.0 174.7 New York - 176 179 187 175 188 188. 0 187. 5 North Carolina - 50 50 59 71 102 134.0 154.3 152.1 166.7 North Dakota - - 75 J 96 113 156 147 166.9 165. 7 Ohio — . . 165 152 162 165 170 165.0 ij 179.2 174.0 178.8 172.4 Oklahoma.. _ 95 140 166. 4 1 173. 3 169. 9 176. 9 Oregon - - - - 90 90 118 117 138 152.0 182.9 152.9 163.9 186.6 Pennsylvania . . 127 133 148 167 170 176.8 181.2 181.3 181.1 181. 1 Rhode Island . 170 184 188 191 193 182. 1 175. 3 South Carolina _ .. 100 70 70 88 105 109. 6 147. 0 139. 5 175. 5 South Dakota _ _ (5) (») 145 129 166 167.0 178. 5 170! 2 165. 7 Tennessee _ 77 68 86 ' 96 130 133. 5 163. 2 157. 7 172. 6 Texas _ _ 140 72 100 i 108 131 155. 6 146! 0 158! 3 164. 0 Utah _ _ _ 152 128 133 i 151 165 166! 4 172! 5 164. 1 164.2 165! 2 Vermont. _ . . 116 126 i 136 i 156 160 162. 0 172! 1 Virginia _ _ 93 ; 113 i 118 120 140 1 147. C 164. 1 Washington . . 80 1 i 91 97 128 172 ! 176.4 r 179.4 179.0 _ 180.6 West Virginia _ 77 90 i 97 106 134 . 138. c 1 165. 7 ’ i6i# g 166. 1 176. 8 Wisconsin _ 155 i 165 i 15S l 160 18C 1 175. 3 1 179. 2 1 179. 2 > 187. g 1 175. 4 Wyoming . no i i 120 1 i 110 141 152! C 1 16l! 3 i 175! 3 177] 7 £ 3 73 a <5 a> n jd £2 3 ^ o> ©'O ®-o ® g ® 2 ®-w fl t> ca © <1 •5T3 ® g? 12 14 171.2 146.5 170.8 137.8 178.7 178.2 180.6 184.0 179.7 167.5 137.4 168.3 188.3 157.8 176. 2 172.0 155.4 156.1 178.5 186.9 180.0 186.6 179.3 132.9 178.6 173.0 175.0 175.9 177.8 183. 1 170.7 181.8 154.4 166. 174.8 171. 2 161.2 181. 2 182.0 144.3 159.7 159.5 164.4 174.6 168.2 179.5 164.3 179.6 175.9 144.9 116.5 141.3 104.7 153.9 143.6 158.2 160.3 146.6 133.3 105.9 144.1 163 149.0 151.8 156.7 117.5 129. 1 161.2 161.7 160.7 162.2 152.6 98. 1 157.3 156.4 152.1 145.4 159.6 154.2 130.4 158.9 129.9 145. 1 158.6 125. 155.3 156.6 156.5 113.5 141. 1 125.2 128.8 148.4 153.2 139.3 148.8 143.0 158.1 147.9 84.7 79.5 82.7 76.0 86.1 87.6 87.1 81.6 79.6 77.1 85.6 86.7 94.4 86. 1 91.1 75.6 82.7 90.3 86.5 89.3 87.0 85.1 73.8 88.1 90.4 82.6 89.8 84.2 76.4 87.4 84. 1 87.3 90.7 73.3 96.3 86.4 86.0 78.7 83.4 78.4 80.8 90.3 87.8 82.8 82.9 87.0 88.0 84.1 1 Estimated. 2 Includes kindergartens. 3 Total of States reporting. * Statistics of 1918-19. * Included in report for North Dakota. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 Tible 9.— AVERAGE LENGTH OF SCHOOL TERM AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE— Continued Table 10.— ENROLLMENT OF PUPILS BY GRADES, 1931-32 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Grand total QO 26,275,441 | G39, 836 97, 900 446, 151 1, 123, 550 247, 074 325, 493 44, 522 90, 087 367, 758 742, 756 119, 123 1, 415, 553 687, 629 555, 341 421, 354 613, 119 447, 517 161, 756 288, 169 782, 225 996, 825 558, 148 581, 759 683, 830 119, 134 In secondary grades Total 5,140,021 69, 146 15, 958 53, 911 270, 366 47, 889 72, 558 8, 726 18, 681 52, 494 93, 030 28, 518 337, 798 161, 071 124, 989 98, 436 71, 945 63, 989 33, 498 52, 202 202, 670 200, 513 114, 446 57, 846 145, 091 29, 094 Post¬ grad¬ uate s 36, 541 ■ CO N I I i iCSCON^ i i i CO ^ CO »0 i i *-H 1 lO i I>- 1 ocelli 1 G5 OO CO i i i tQ CO *0 O 1 1*0 1 CO 1 H 1 ^ III 1 lO ^ L'- t''- llli—JC^ ©Tt*lllO 1 l T— 1 i ill 1 GO ill CO rH l l Fourth year *0 871,786 11, 469 2, 941 9, 044 46, 724 9, 078 11, 548 1,609 3, 096 9, 272 13, 497 5, 265 49, 392 31, 899 25, 380 19, 684 12, 305 10, 430 6, 507 8, 306 33, 853 33, 471 20, 881 9, 945 26, 244 5, 294 Third year 1, 066, 755 14, 456 1 3, 420 11, 387 58, 690 10, 257 14, 706 1, 817 3, 906 10, 679 18, 704 6,174 61, 464 34, 954 28, 912 21, 870 15, 748 13, 758 7, 673 10, 791 43, 287 42, 813 25, 351 12, 088 33, 323 6, 217 Second year ffO CO CO N oo CO 18, 731 4,231 14, 600 73, 414 12, 971 20, 238 2, 230 5, 345 13, 969 26, 358 7,669 88, 280 42, 350 32, 521 26, 276 19, 171 17, 149 9, 206 14, 194 54, 832 57, 260 30, 928 15, 450 38, 915 7, 415 First year o* 1, 777, 608 24, 490 4, 714 18, 880 80, 367 15, 583 25, 663 3, 043 6, 334 18, 574 34, 471 9, 410 130, 063 51, 382 37, 409 29, 862 24, 721 22, 652 10, 112 18, 758 66, 464 63, 916 35, 881 20, 363 46, 609 9, 617 In kindergarten and elementary grades Total - 21,135,420 570, 690 81, 942 392, 240 853. 184 199. 185 252, 935 35, 796 71, 406 315, 264 649, 726 90, 605 1, 077, 755 526, 558 430, 352 322, 918 541, 174 383, 528 128, 258 235, 967 579, 555 796, 312 443, 702 523, 913 538, 739 90, 040 Eighth grade o 1, 681, 520 28, 704 7, 047 29, 368 81, 578 18, 553 22, 287 3, 716 6, 526 21, 504 7, 244 10, 829 121, 409 54,011 46, 653 35, 459 45, 234 10, 953 11,519 62, 079 77, 110 50, 816 29, 689 49, 485 11, 023 Seventh grade « 2, 052, 825 38, 009 1 6, 684 31, 787 82, 390 19, 439 25, 162 3, 980 6, 778 25, 756 48, 725 10, 819 107, 753 56, 718 47, 360 37, 510 40, 806 27, 230 12, 379 24, 206 66, 868 78,023 49, 770 34, 866 51, 392 10, 659 Sixth grade GO 2, 277, 913 53, 606 7, 660 37, 561 87, 822 22, 668 30, 974 4, 347 7, 138 31,111 57, 681 11, 359 128, 477 61, 149 49, 433 38, 374 53, 530 32, 600 14, 775 28, 256 68, 948 80, 994 50, 060 42, 633 56, 487 11,256 Fifth grade - 2, 462, 563 62, 525 1 8, 583 44, 855 95, 866 23, 580 31, 457 4, 617 7, 825 35, 673 70, 922 11, 392 124, 205 64, 215 51, 700 39, 514 52, 370 40, 654 15, 198 30, 144 70, 297 85, 828 51, 981 51, 440 62, 660 11, 287 5 © 3 c3 £ “ & 2, 589, 098 70, 076 9, 448 49, 546 96, 091 24, 538 31, 375 4, 466 7, 912 38, 509 83, 259 11, 142 129, 783 64, 521 51, 033 40, 546 66, 980 49, 475 15, 393 31, 349 70, 098 89, 210 51, 626 60, 356 65, 308 11, 301 Third | grade j 2, 663, 524 75, 473 9, 690 51, 114 98, 160 24, 802 31, 711 4, 392 8, 152 40, 587 91, 008 11,110 123, 738 65, 744 50, 874 40, 956 72, 833 54, 461 15, 698 32, 778 69, 708 91, 390 51, 869 66, 879 66, 223 10, 842 Second grade 2, 776, 378 79, 540 10, 505 53, 550 100, 386 25, 652 31, 511 4, 406 9, 172 41, 772 102, 112 11, 457 128, 549 67, 499 51, 634 40, 659 79, 088 60, 214 16, 092 33, 381 72, 278 94, 860 53, 243 72, 239 68, 299 10, 788 First grade CO 3, 930, 196 162, 587 1 18, 856 94, 397 132, 318 31, 768 33, 182 5, 181 11,238 79, 801 182, 6*29 12, 461 151, 799 75, 682 62, 912 44, 914 125, 768 113, 886 18, 032 38, 659 74, 325 104, 720 60, 568 163, 571 102, 145 12, 286 Kin¬ dergar¬ ten CO II O O OOilNCOlO ©— Iio-H© CO CM CO CO OOOOOiO’f NOOOCO CO CO OO t^OiCO^O-^ CO^HIOOO COOCONtO NCO^^O 1-H *0 H NCDCOlOH OONO »0ONC0 01 HNtNNiO CO 0000 LO CO CO CM iCcd^ rd O of *0 ^ CO of CO D- rH CO H H : (vl tj< cd 82383 TjJcDOCDUS 823: oous^i 8SS82 23828 88883 28888 §Co8c3CD 888g;g 3283 8388 882g: 06 "oaoi co GO CO 38S 0003 8382 83888 00 CO 03 00 t^ 838ss 00 03 00 US 03 £8232 OC 03 288g oc 83SS8 00 00 C3 00 00 2838S C3 03 03 03 38SS8 00 00 00 03 00 8882 oooot^oo 38838 03 03 03 03 03 32§3£ 03 © 03 03 03 S8888 03 03 03 O O 3233 03 O 00 03 83S38 Cs‘ — ■' ©3 03 © 88388 cS ci cS »-5 a> 83822 OOOSON 8838 00 oooi 8gs?S3 03N 03 03 0 £8888 oo 03 03 c>> Table 11.— NUMBER AND SEX OF TEACHERS EMPLOYED, NOT INCLUDING SUPERINTENDENTS, SUPERVISORS, AND PRINCIPALS WHEN SEPARATELY REPORTED, 1931-32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 66 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67. 1 United States totals not given because many States do not distribute their teachers to all types of 2 Sex estimated on basis of city school reports. 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 12.— PERCENTAGE OF MEN TEACHERS Percentage of men teachers State or outlying part 1870-711 1879-80 1889-90 1899- 1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1931-32 * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States _ 41.0 42.8 34.5 29.9 21. 1 14.1 16.6 17.7 Alabama. . . . 66.8 63.8 62.9 30.1 35.0 20.3 16.4 17.4 47.5 38.8 27.3 17.0 10.8 16.9 18. 3 Arkansas _ 75.6 78.4 68.5 59.7 47.0 31.2 27.3 27.6 California _ 40.0 33.6 21.4 17.8 13.8 12.2 16.1 17.6 Colorado _ 48.8 36.4 26.2 20.9 15.6 9.2 17.2 19.0 Connecticut . . . . 22.1 i 22.8 i 13.4 i 9.0 6.2 7.3 9.1 9.4 Delaware _ ... . . . 29.9 46.6 131.0 25.3 13.7 10.8 13.7 14.5 District of Columbia. _ _ 8.2 7.8 13.0 13.1 11.5 11.9 11.9 12.4 Florida.. ... . ... . . 65.7 61.6 48.0 36.9 25.7 15.8 13.5 13.2 Georgia. . . _ 71.4 * 65.2 53.3 44.0 24.4 13.1 13.9 15.2 Idaho _ _ _ _ _ 64.3 57.4 i 33.4 31.2 25.5 14.8 23.3 25.0 Illinois _ _ 43.5 39.7 32.5 26.4 18.5 15.0 19.0 19.1 Indiana .. _ 60.5 57.5 51.1 46.2 35.7 16.9 25.3 26.4 Iowa _ _ 39.0 33.6 20.6 17.2 9.8 8.2 8.7 12.1 Kansas _ _ 47.2 45.1 40.8 32.7 18.0 12. 1 18. 1 19.6 Kentucky . . . 66.0 64.6 49.8 45.5 41.7 21.0 20.9 25.8 Louisiana _ _ 50.9 46. 1 44.7 47.9 21.4 13.7 14.3 15.4 Maine. _ 24.4 i 27.2 i 16.0 i 16.4 11.2 8.5 14.2 13.3 Maryland _ . _ 45.0 42.6 27.8 21.7 17.1 11.5 14.6 16.0 Massachusetts _ . 12.7 13.2 9.8 8.8 9.1 8.6 14.7 16.6 Michigan.. _ _ 26.3 29.2 22.3 20.3 14.0 11.5 17.6 18.8 Minnesota _ 33.7 25.9 23.9 19.4 12.0 8.8 12.9 11.3 Mississippi _ _ 60.8 61.2 49.6 44.2 31.0 22.0 16.1 21.7 Missouri. . . _ 65.3 58.1 44.4 37.6 26.4 16.2 18.2 19.6 Montana _ _ ... _ _ 60.3 38.5 22.9 16.6 12.0 10.7 12.8 14.9 Nebraska. .. . _ _ 51.9 40.7 27.1 21.8 11.9 7.3 10.8 11.9 Nevada _ _ _ _ 32.4 46.7 16.3 11. 1 10.8 9.0 14.5 19.1 New Hampshire _ _ 15.0 16.8 9.8 8.9 7.1 8.3 12.6 14.0 New Jersey _ _ _ 32.5 28.5 18.4 12.9 12.3 10.5 12.0 13.3 New Mexico.. _ _ 91.7 78.0 i 62.2 i 55.2 34.4 20.6 21.5 19.2 New York _ 22.9 26.0 16.9 14.9 11.7 10.3 13.0 14.3 North Carolina _ _ _ _ 73.2 i 71.3 59.1 49.4 28.5 15.8 16.0 15.2 North Dakota _ _ _ 24.7 i 40.8 28.3 28.8 17.4 12.3 16.8 19.3 Ohio... _ _ . .. .. 43.2 47.8 43.1 40.4 31. 1 18.0 20.0 23. 1 Oklahoma 42.8 26. 2 18.9 23.4 20.3 Oregon _ _ _ 51.7 48.3 43.3 28.4 19.4 12.8 11.8 14. 1 Pennsylvania. ... . ... _ _ 42.8 45.5 34.2 32.0 22.6 16.3 17.4 18.4 Rhode Island _ _ 20.4 20.2 12.6 9.5 8.9 7.8 11.8 13.3 South Carolina _ _ _ 62.4 59.5 49.6 143.5 23.1 14.7 14.8 14.9 South Dakota _ _ (2) (2) 29.0 24.4 16.6 10.5 15.0 16.1 Tennessee _ _ _ _ 75.0 74.4 61.8 i 54.0 37.0 22.4 20.8 22.2 Texas. .... _ ...... 77.3 i 75.0 61. 1 48.9 30.8 18.0 18.2 16.4 Utah _ 55.0 54.5 46. 6 36.5 26.6 24.9 29.2 26.2 Vermont _ _ _ _ ... ... 16.5 16.8 12.0 13.6 8.9 3.7 8.6 9.7 Virginia ... . .. . _ 64.5 61.8 41.5 31.5 19.9 10.9 11.3 12.0 Washington _ _ _ _ 46.5 37.4 40.6 28.9 20.0 13.9 17.0 18.7 West Virginia _ .. 79.0 75.2 63.4 57.9 48.0 28.7 28.9 30.2 Wisconsin _ _ _ 28.8 28.9 19.8 18.4 11.8 8.9 15.3 17.1 Wyoming . _ _ 28.6 44.3 22.4 15.6 12.8 11.0 14.8 16.0 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska 11.0 16.2 18.5 American Samoa . . . 84.6 91.7 Canal Zone 31.4 47.4 48.8 Guam 38.4 42.2 Hawaii 11.1 16.9 18.3 Philippine Islands _ _ _ 60.6 55.0 52.1 Puerto Rico. _ . 27.8 26.7 26.4 Virgin Islands _ 35.7 33.1 Estimated. Included in North Dakota. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 Table 13.— PERSONNEL AND COST OF INSTRUCTION IN PUBLIC NIGHT, SUMMER, AND PART-TIME AND CONTINUATION SCHOOLS, 1931-321 Public night schools State or outlying part Teach¬ ers Stu¬ dents Total cost of instruc¬ tion Teach¬ ers Stu¬ dents Total cost of instruc¬ tion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U.S.. 24, 281 1, 063, 779 2$10,773, 128 14, 668 485, 501 3 $3,788,060 Alabama . . .. 205 5,178 102, 007 55 1, 232 9, 057 Arizona. . .... 56 1,278 6, 491 28 1,184 4, 462 9 223 1,992 California _ 3,783 240, 973 1, 804, 019 1,549 55,512 275, 740 Colorado _ .. .. 118 3, 964 62, 896 94 3, 335 16, 718 Connecticut _ 686 24, 142 373, 517 217 9,799 29, 008 Delaware . . 97 3, 188 18, 373 13 279 Dist. of Columbia _ 268 13, 608 93, 873 266 7,872 34, 007 115 4, 401 Georgia _ _ 138 8,641 73, 664 20 555 5, 869 10 176 1, 144 Illinois _ ... 1,499 67, 074 668, 957 1, 090 36, 893 568, 412 Indiana _ 419 21, 952 140, 988 349 10, 479 83, 035 Iowa . . . 86 2, 854 14, 309 90 2, 561 14, 831 Kansas _ .. . 185 5, 620 40, 618 105 3, 127 15, 038 Kentucky.. - - 15 446 7,220 23 540 2,294 Louisiana 222 11, 014 60, 344 Maine _ _ _ 149 3, 598 32, 637 11 275 400 Maryland . . . 342 14, 140 122, 760 169 8, 487 35, 757 Massachusetts _ 2,006 59, 296 637, 109 1, 160 34, 237 234, 527 Michigan . . . 767 38, 524 375, 925 224 14, 696 132, 379 Minnesota _ _ 378 11,333 118, 425 403 11, 648 63, 378 Mississippi _ _ 10 188 1, 137 17 316 5, 391 Missouri. _ 694 20, 537 275, 200 682 15, 570 195, 858 Montana _ 15 434 1,345 28 668 1,650 Nebraska _ _ 61 2,129 19, 499 3 70 507 New Hampshire. . . . . 91 2,014 12, 815 21 391 2,235 New Jersey _ 1,511 49, 015 919, 139 2, 112 65, 000 508, 707 New Mexico _ 29 776 3,202 24 1, 060 2,812 New York . . 4, 505 201, 434 2, 957, 319 1,822 73, 144 615, 567 North Carolina _ 29 712 6, 388 15 506 3,796 North Dakota _ 23 339 2,580 12 246 2,201 Ohio _ _ _ 1,092 62, 313 330, 069 1, 180 36, 753 281, 931 Oklahoma _ 65 1,455 13, 370 6 160 300 Oregon.. . . . 133 3, 017 42, 731 4 92 2,049 Pennsylvania . . 1, 772 64, 585 744, 943 1,446 42, 767 270, 541 Rhode Island... . 458 15, 252 113, 220 24 728 4,437 South Carolina _ 48 893 5, 469 8 318 1,874 South Dakota . 24 524 5, 162 Tennessee. _ _ _ 55 1,913 8, 885 368 14, 556 113, 023 Texas . . . . 262 12, 227 96, 304 140 2,448 27, 720 Utah . . . 44 1, 756 6, 910 17 529 2, 808 Vermont _ 20 394 12, 301 Virginia _ 196 6,244 50, 516 453 15, 046 94, 291 Washington . . 252 12, 165 60, 402 77 2,143 14, 257 West Virginia _ 76 1, 351 12, 532 14 353 4, 291 Wisconsin _ _ 1, 181 58, 869 310, 070 315 9, 597 97, 995 Wyoming _ _ 91 1, 843 5, 844 5 106 915 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ 10 179 American Samoa. _ _ 1 61 Hawaii _ 37 1,629 11, 627 28 595 7, 600 Philippine Islands _ 178 6,517 Puerto Rico. _ _ 120 1, 265 50, 621 71 635 4, 910 Virgin Islands _ 4 144 1,097 Public summer schools Public part-time and continuation schools Teach¬ ers 4,151 1 1, 845 57 172 2 311 Stu¬ dents 256, 900 113 135 80, 557 9, 007 4, 300 250 13, 302 71 383 164 406 12, 334 4, 857 9, 288 "84, '§66 4,175 215 20, 011 354 4,519 """93 2,872 Total cost of instruc¬ tion <$7,947,701 1,375 1, 935 857, 113 160, 269 8, 921 4, 996 2, 372 517, 763 7, 820 28, 319 1,416 if: 9, 785 38, 247 356, 783 2, 653 23, 131 2, 138 419, 342 3, 036^638 568, 212 17, 519 573, 364 10, 826 23, 148 2, 400 41, 216 1 Much of the statistics in this table is incomplete as all States do not collect this information. In such cases reports of city, in these States, only are given. 2 $3,928,542 of this amount is included in day-school costs. 3 $2,480,314 of this amount is included in day-school costs. 4 $2,619,538 of this amount is included in day-school costs. 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 14.— CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLS AND SCHOOL BUILDINGS 1931-32 Consoli¬ dated schools School buildings used State or outlying part Established this year Total number 1 room only Elementary only (including kin¬ dergarten) Elementary and junior high only Junior high only Junior-senior high only Senior or regular high schools only Elementary and secondary Other schools Total buildings Percent of 1-room buildings 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Continental U.S _ 251 17, 008 143, 445 0) (0 0) 0) 0) 0) (0 245, 941 58.3 27 699 2, 800 1,018 1,201 22 204 23 312 5, 580 2 538 50. 2 4 76 2 172 32.0 2 353 2,707 1,350 40 62 17 643 4, 819 8, 720 56.2 8 198 3 1, 519 1, 800 404 17.4 167 127 3, 005 1,304 288 59. 9 818 17 65 ] 31.0 56 150 103 2 2 2 28 52. 1 2 136 17 9 5 169 1. 2 3 946 2, 105 6, 102 1, 570 14, 247 4, 128 11, 810 9,460 8, 009 44.9 35 706 3, 288 839 30 53.9 241 674 57 53.4 110 10, 041 1, 830 9, 279 6, 983 6, 089 70.5 2 992 1, 402 15 26 69 136 642 8 44.3 384 74.8 3 621 73.8 Kentucky _ 11 197 76. C Louisiana _ 5 300 2 1, 381 25 2 2, 987 2, 584 1, 673 3, 345 8, 814 8, 965 5, 715 46.2 Maine. _ 1,690 833 642 147 105 65.4 Maryland . _ 2 329 339 4 21 10 30 138 298 49.8 Massachusetts _ 498 2,434 157 256 14.9 Michigan.. _ 290 6, 141 6, 888 69. 7 Minnesota _ _ 2 413 1,384 79 6 120 488 76.8 Mississippi 2 _ 988 2,897 7,296 2,637 6, 136 198 50.7 Missouri _ 2 406 4 9, 810 3, 390 7,346 322 74.4 Montana _ 1 93 548 71 134 77.8 Nebraska _ 78 1,196 789 82.0 Nevada _ 3 17 88 36 61.5 New Hampshire _ 6 23 503 36 938 53.6 New Jersey _ 3 64 271 CO o D- U- GO Tji 15 37 12 99 55 55 2,417 11.2 New Mexico _ 142 614 2 7 2 53 83 4 1,235 11, 654 49.7 New York.. _ 7 492 7, 360 1, 688 4, 754 3, 474 2,500 1,137 6, 511 75 63. 2 North Carolina.. _ 2 951 2 5, 825 5, 060 6,894 29.0 North Dakota _ 7 462 798 94.0 Ohio _ 1,206 2, 107 54 69 116 237 837 50.4 Oklahoma _ 474 3 5, 868 1, 828 12, 319 464 42. 6 Oregon _ 2 130 400 2 12 50 227 62.2 Pennsylvania _ 59 750 4,476 347 586 746 52.9 Rhode Island _ . . 28 1 19 2 20 16. 2 South Carolina _ _ _ 328 1, 637 4, 731 3,080 3, 100 80 3, 891 5, 322 5, 920 42. 1 South Dakota _ _ 104 88.9 Tennessee. . _ 30 882 52.0 Texas 2 _ _ 1,540 400 12, 236 723 25.3 Utah 382 67 45 62 54 33 11.1 Vermont _ 2 50 1,010 2,607 1,078 2,146 1,235 3 47 44 2,181 5, 386 2, 510 46.3 Virginia _ _ 873 18 59 393 163 48.4 Washington.. _ 40 420 899 266 110 35.8 West Virginia _ 374 4,402 6,600 968 1, 789 215 263 717 6, 622 66.5 Wisconsin. _ 68 875 30 50 89 241 423 8, 308 79.4 W yoming _ 2 133 488 2 1 36 40 1,535 63.1 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska.. _ 56 2 2 33 93 American Samoa _ 15 8 1 24 Canal Zone. 14 8 5 1 28 Hawaii 11 18 139 5 1 3 2 168 Puerto Rico _ _ _ 3 39 1, 184 6 790 23 1,997 26 Virgin Islands. ... .. 16 2 1 1 i United States totals not given because many States do not report distribution of buildings according to use. 2 Statistics, 1930. 2 Statistics, 1928. 4 Statistics, 1926. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 Table 15.— VALUE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY USED FOR PUBLIC-SCHOOL PURPOSES, 1931-32 State or outlying part Value of sites and buildings Value of equipment (furniture, libraries, apparatus, etc.) Value of all proper ty used for school purposes Aver¬ age value of school prop¬ erty per pupil enrolled Average value of school property per unit of average daily at¬ tendance Average value of school property per unit of popu¬ lation Average value of school property per unit of popu¬ lation 5-17 years, in¬ clusive 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Continental U.S.. 85,229,071,964 S465. 017, 786 86,581,539,756 $250 $296 $53 $205 Alabama - 51, 369, 762 5, 449, 728 56, 819, 490 89 112 21 69 Arizona ._ _ ... 18. 406, 058 188 227 41 152 Arkansas.. _ 34, 581, 314 5, 463. 909 40, 045, 223 90 118 21 72 California _ 389, 209, 699 49, 857, 006 439, 066, 705 391 454 74 368 Colorado _ _ . 56, 492, 473 6, 524, 933 63, 017, 406 255 316 60 239 Connecticut _ _ 116, 200, 546 359 407 71 282 Delaware _ _ 12, 955, 723 888,068 13, 843, 791 311 357 58 238 District of Columbia — 37, 480, 579 (>) 37, 480, 579 416 510 76 419 Florida _ _ _ 66, 560, 284 6, 173, 236 72, 733, 520 198 248 48 186 Georgia . . . 48, 684, 499 6, 533, 133 55, 217, 632 74 96 19 62 Idaho.. _ . 18, 393, 172 3, 647, 065 22, 040, 237 185 216 49 172 Illinois _ _ _ 442, 796, 394 33, 855, 668 476, 652, 062 337 389 61 266 Indiana _ _ 172, 446, 721 13, 646, 198 186, 092, 919 271 287 57 235 Iowa. _ _ 123, 442, 366 222 258 50 200 115, 620, 030 274 301 61 242 Kentucky . . 56, 288, 569 5, 711,512 62, 000, 081 101 134 24 82 Louisiana . . 50, 057, 013 5, 271, 505 55, 328, 518 124 149 26 90 Maine . . 30, 021, 976 3, 365, 076 33, 387, 052 206 229 42 169 Maryland _ _ 64, 116,448 222 257 39 157 Massachusetts _ _ 264, 079, 000 338 378 61 260 Michigan - - 346, 709, 557 (») 346, 709, 557 348 400 70 281 Minnesota - - 156, 627, 137 2, 351, 441 158, 978, 578 285 335 62 240 Mississippi _ 2 43, 919, 500 75 102 22 71 Missouri _ _ 144, 248, 930 14, 286, 885 158, 535, 815 232 263 43 184 Montana .. _ 28, 354, 075 4, 288, 813 32, 642, 888 274 303 61 231 Nebraska.. . . . 75, 157, 895 8, 676, 111 83, 834, 006 259 297 60 233 Nevada _ _ 5, 312, 901 883, 439 6, 196, 340 . 312 378 67 319 New Hampshire.. . 17, 867, 492 2, 000, 122 19, 867, 614 260 290 42 180 New Jersey _ 298, 902, 874 22, 034, 129 320, 937, 003 391 464 77 317 New Mexico _ 10, 032, 736 1, 484, 400 11, 517, 136 105 138 27 89 New York. _ 903, 271, 779 76, 919, 358 980, 191, 137 438 501 76 345 North Carolina _ 99, 725, 747 11, 400, 333 111,126,080 128 153 34 106 North Dakota _ 38, 582, 504 233 267 56 189 Ohio _ 359, 106, 817 25, 675, 766 384, 782, 583 296 326 57 236 Oklahoma.. _ _ 91, 086, 256 135 185 37 130 Oregon. . 48,119,273 5, 534, 066 53, 653, 339 262 272 55 246 Pennsylvania _ 530, 439, 786 48, 600, 030 579, 039, 816 288 334 59 224 Rhode Island. _ 36, 596, 776 2, 828, 568 39, 425, 344 320 372 56 228 South Carolina. _ _ 37, 495, 215 3, 966, 771 41, 461, 986 87 111 24 70 South Dakota. _ 23, 809, 702 4, 401, 374 28, 211, 076 171 205 40 143 Tennessee _ _ 57, 910, 918 5,819,823 63, 730, 741 99 127 24 84 Texas . . . . 188, 322, 245 27, 852, 455 216, 174, 700 165 204 36 131 Utah _ _ 30, 356, 503 4, 105, 347 34, 461, 850 244 271 67 221 Vermont _ 11, 997, 298 181 206 33 136 Virginia _ 62, 320, 700 6, 460, 800 68, 781, 500 118 143 28 96 Washington _ 76, 529, 003 10, 375, 610 86, 904, 613 250 302 55 240 West Virginia.. _ 63, 429, 812 7, 228, 304 70, 658, 116 167 192 40 133 Wisconsin. _ 148, 047, 185 19, 192, 868 167, 240, 053 289 328 56 223 Wyoming _ _ 13, 038, 728 2, 263, 936 15, 302, 664 270 321 67 259 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ 2 1, 110,000 205 248 19 78 Canal Zone _ 901, 300 128, 053 1, 029, 353 134 162 24 105 Guam. . . . . 103, 450 6. 790 110, 240 32 33 6 18 Hawaii _ 958, 761 573, 212 1, 531, 973 195 206 39 138 Philippine Islands. ... 2 23, 744, 137 19 21 2 Puerto Rico _ 7, 987, 731 2, 610, 043 10, 597, 774 46 52 7 19 Virgin Islands _ ... 156, 150 11, 389 167, 539 52 54 8 28 1 No records of equipment. * Statistics, 1930. 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 16.— PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDS, STATE DEBTS TO PER¬ MANENT SCHOOL FUNDS, AND SCHOOL LANDS, 1931-32 State Permanent school funds, including State debts to such funds Unsold school lands State County Local Total Number of acres Value * 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental IT.S _ Alabama-- _ $421, 635, 069 $23, 583, 341 $53, 528, 797 $498, 747, 207 41, 512, 308 $297, 619, 635 130, 000 8, 239, 420 2, 000, 000 i 22, 187, 121 200, 000 Arizona _ ... 1, 902, 079 1, 480, 000 11, 605, 862 9, 578, 928 2, 112, 066 1, 955, 882 4, 635, 327 7, 480, 889 1, 902, 079 1, 480, 000 11, 605, 862 9, 578, 928 3, 087, 953 2, 015, 882 4, 635, 327 7, 480, 889 46. 428, 540 19, 786, 817 4, 715, 849 10, 434, 102 2, 367, 627 3, 000, 000 1, 370, 447 5, 000, 000 5, 524, 860 68, 957, 258 1, 036, 519 14, 393, 504 18, 010, 742 10, 916, 652 3, 056, 153 343, 071 12. 428, 616 1, 941, 808 1, 500, 000 42, 410, 757 5, 559, 793 30, 557, 735 8, 687, 736 1, 345, 651 333, 300 15, 725, 030 2, 512, 500 51, 477, 871 5, 355, 523 1, 375, 603 6, 228, 822 24, 203, 276 1, 000, 000 10, 102, 000 18, 872, 125 California-. _ _ ... . Colorado _ _ 2, 887, 647 28, 876, 470 975, 887 60, 000 Florida _ _ - 183, 432 2, 464, 755 5, 976 540 1, 834, 320 24, 647, 555 39, 518, 354 5,444 Idaho 1 _ _ _ Illinois _ 46, 428, 540 2, 493, 395 Indiana. _ 17, 293, 422 4, 715, 849 10, 434, 102 2, 367, 627 3, 000, 000 569, 251 5, 000, 000 5, 524, 860 68, 957, 258 1, 036, 519 Iowa _ Kansas _ Kentucky _ Louisiana _ 180, 825 1, 500, 000 Maine _ 801, 196 Massachusetts _ Michigan.. _ Minnesota _ _ 678, 347 3, 391, 735 Mississippi 2. . Missouri. _ 11, 966, 796 2, 426, 708 Montana 3 _ _ 18, 010, 742 10, 916, 652 3, 056, 153 4, 250, 482 1, 254, 976 389, 604 42, 504, 824 19, 764, 785 487, 005 Nebraska _ Nevada. _ _ _ New Hampshire 343, 071 New Jersey 12, 209, 616 1, 941, 808 1, 500, 000 42, 410^757 5, 559, 793 30, 557, 735 8, 687, 736 1, 345, 651 333, 300 15, 725, 030 2, 512, 500 40, 080, 326 5, 355, 523 1, 375, 603 6, 228, 822 24, 203, 276 1, 000, 000 10, 102, 000 18, 872, 125 219, 000 New Mexico _ 8, 583, 000 25, 749, 000 North Carolina. _ North Dakota _ i 1, 949, 555 9, 172 350, 000 768, 646 i 22, 418, 334 22, 928 6, 101, 619 768, 647 Ohio . . . . Oklahoma _ _ Oregon . _ Pennsylvania _ _ Rhode island . South Dakota _ 1, 629, 731 None Tennessee _ Texas _ 11, 397, 545 195, 139 2, 500, 000 856, 504 6, 250, 000 Utah _ Vermont.. ... ... Virginia. . Washington _ _ _ 1, 786, 438 17, 864, 380 West Virginia 1 Wisconsin _ _ 12, 562 3, 062, 061 50, 000 30, 620, 610 Wyoming _ _ 1 Statistics, 1930. 2 Statistics, 1925. 3 Statistics, 1928. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 Table 17.— INDEBTEDNESS, SINKING FUNDS, AND PAYMENTS ON INDEBTEDNESS, 1931-32 State or outlying part School bonds outstanding and other forms of debt Total amount in school sinking funds Bonds and other in¬ debtedness paid in 1931-32 Transfers to sinking funds Interest paid on indebtedness Refunds ' 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental U.S S3, 121, 538, 276 S93, 481, 654 $182, 943, 930 $14, 665, 515 $140, 234, 782 $1, 772, 465 Alabama.. . _ _ 28, 631, 048 434, 480 1, 653, 749 14, 881 12, 853, 150 1,984, 143 790, 048 819, 706 29, 231, 371 2, 145, 695 1, 097, 930 203, 583, 107 i 7, 891, 831 i 10, 087, 090 32, 441,149 1, 183, 980 2, 737, 438 46, 438, 275 2, 943, 775 545, 706 1, 774, 931 2, 434. 975 148,911 113, 006 3,002 Florida. _ .. 61, 638, 491 1, 689, 386 5, 389, 831 2, 646, 933 20, 270 2 11, 397, 000 i 1, 932, 475 2 1, 484, 868 9, 642, 822 847, 513 739, 149 523, 048 86, 195 58, 926. 218 5, 625, 704 10, 145. 790 59, 767. 655 7, 668, 495 2, 722, 193 55, 615, 181 2, 761, 146 2, 554, 194 31, 176,952 i 1, 856, 935 i 1, 332, 058 Kentucky. . _ _ _ 17', 002, 668 2, 222, 098 899, 982 88, 343 Louisiana 2 11,998,000 1, 522, 419 1, 708, 615 Maine 2 4, 672, 000 315, 281 271, 672 Maryland. . ... 41, 939, 399 1, 458, 292 1, 791, 198 9 Massachusetts 1 2 .. .. 60, 909, 000 5, 940, 902 2, 713, 898 Michigan. _ _ . 179, 069, 919 17, 456, 278 1 16, 891, 181 i 8, 029, 583 Minnesota.. _ _ 73, 595, 685 1, 338, 017 3, 007, 458 1, 122, 399 Mississippi 3 8, 330, 753 i 643, 817 i 636, 137 Missouri _ 50, 362, 009 1 6, 130, 649 i 2, 342, 967 Montana _ _ 10, 042, 900 754, 236 1, 334, 787 554, 274 431, 975 30, 162 Nebraska _ 33, 776, 228 1, 278, 623 606, 786 854, 965 263, 112 Nevada _ 2, 299, 358 192, 011 141, 922 New Hampshire. 3 6, 106, 096 635, 469 283, 598 New Jersey 221, 157, 472 16, 445, 361 7, 762, 301 546, 837 10, 239, 222 New Mexico . . 6, 790, 400 495, 096 341, 650 61, 263 New York. _ _ 645, 381, 591 26, 135, 985 267, 197 26, 376, 605 78, 277 North Carolina _ 60, 000, 000 i 2, 562, 159 i 3, 633, 000 North Dakota 15, 429, 883 3, 738, 404 1, 249, 375 1, 523, 872 i 848, 643 Ohio. _ .. 224, 006, 631 7, 879, 280 15, 221, 781 12, 628, 915 Oklahoma . 2 28, 700, 000 1 5, 160, 289 679, 096 42, 202 Oregon _ _ 24, 632, 758 155, 388 1, 269, 942 155, 388 916, 614 Pennsylvania _ ... _ 284, 700, 589 17, 025, 887 21, 725, 662 10, 435, 928 8, 662, 634 935, 011 Rhode Island _ . 29, 358, 967 3, 838, 107 800, 279 1, 159, 999 South Carolina .. 19, 046, 260 4, 374, 945 593, 617 1, 153, 852 South Dakota 17, 070, 469 1, 813, 760 2, 789, 468 911,296 Tennessee.. 31, 092, 126 1, 421, 983 608, 892 Texas . 131, 353, 449 10, 492, 156 1 3, 139, 816 i 6, 567, 672 Utah . . 12, 092, 458 954, 212 1, 400, 156 559, 861 22, 237 Vermont _ _ 2, 899, 481 i 232, 233 i 140, 000 Virginia _ 2 20, 694, 000 2 329, 000 1, 707, 041 98, 056 669, 358 97, 317 Washington _ ... 36, 651, 009 580, 724 1, 890, 082 1, 750, 103 West Virginia _ 18, 000, 000 700, 000 625, 000 Wisconsin. . . . . 41, 055, 587 4, 273, 060 792, 620 30,184 Wyoming _ _ 7, 543, 737 506, 234 538, 257 47, 905 Outlying part of the United States, Puerto Rico _ _ 124, 412 40, 627 1 Estimated basis, city school reports. 2 Cities only. 3 Statistics, 1930. Table 18.— ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS, SUPERVISORS, PRINCIPALS, AND TEACHING POSITIONS WITHfAVERAGE SALARIES FOR 3 INSTRUCTIONAL GROUPS, 1931-32 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS Based on r 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 19.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF REVENUE RECEIPTS, 1931-32 State or outlying part Total revenue receipts Receipts from taxa¬ tion and appro¬ priation Receivi burs State and Federal aid and subsidies ng and ng bod Coun¬ ty dis- V Local From per¬ manent funds and land leases From taxation and ap¬ propria¬ tion From other sources including Federal aid and subsidies State Coun¬ ty Local 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States ___ - _ 20.3 8.8 70.9 1.4 95.5 3.1 19.5 8.8 71.7 44.0 42. 1 13.9 94.9 5. 1; 45.3 41. 1 13. 6 Arizona - - 23.7 40. 1 36.2 2.3 94.7 3.0 22.0 41.7 36.3 21.2 5. 1 73. 7 .3 89.9 9.8 21.3 78. 7 California - - 22.0 29.1 48.9 .4 96.2 3.4 21.9 30.2 47.9 Colorado.. . . - - --- 3.3 22.5 74.2 2.9 86.0 11.1 .1 26. 1 73.8 7.7 92.3 7 98. 1 1.2 7.2 92.8 88. 3 11. 7 l! 8 95.4 2.8 88.8 11. 2 31. 5 68. 5 99.9 .1 31. 5 68 5 Florida . - - - 35.5 25.2 39.3 1.2 96.0 2.8 34.6 24.5 40.9 38.5 24.8 36. 7 94. 2 5.8 39.6 26.3 34. 1 Idaho _ _ 8.5 32. 1 59.4 7.2 81.7 11. 1 1.2 39.3 59.5 6. 6 93. 4 .9 92. 6 6.5 6.6 93.4 10. 2 89.8 5.7 92.4 1.9 4.6 95.4 Iowa . - - - - - - 2. 1 3.4 94.5 .5 97.8 1.7 1.3 2.9 95.8 Kansas 1.8 98. 2 1. 5 93.3 5. 2 100.0 Kentucky _ _ 29.8 28.7 41.5 . 7 96.3 3.0 29.2 29.2 41.6 Louisiana - - 29.6 54.2 16.2 .9 97.2 1.9 28.9 54.5 16.6 Maine _ 29. 6 70.4 .7 95. 2 4. 1 30. 2 69. 8 Maryland 21. 2 32.9 45. 9 99.4 . 6 21. 0 32.9 46. 1 Massachusetts 8. 5 91. 5 .4 97. 8 1. 8 7. 9 92. 1 Michigan _ _ 24.0 76.0 .3 87. 7 12.0 26. 6 73. 4 Minnesota - 23. 1 5. 5 71.4 6.1 88.2 5.7 18.8 5.2 76.0 Mississippi 1~ - - 33.5 22.5 44.0 1.5 97.3 1.2 32.9 23. 1 44.0 Missouri _ _ 7.4 3.3 89.3 1.3 97.9 .8 7.0 2.4 90.6 Montana.- - - 10.8 44.0 45.2 7.2 89.1 3.7 3.4 49.5 47.1 Nebraska _ - _ _ 5.7 .3 94.0 4.5 84.4 11. 1 .7 99.3 Nevada . . - . . . 27.6 56.9 15.5 6.3 88.8 4.9 22.8 64.1 13 1 New Hampshire -- _ 5.0 95.0 .5 95.4 4. 1 4. 6 95. 4 New Jersey _ _ - 19.7 .9 79.4 .6 98.8 .6 19.1 .9 80.0 New Mexico _ _ 19. 1 62.4 18.5 15.4 83.1 1.5 3.0 74.7 22.3 New York _ 31.0 69.0 98.8 1.2 31. 2 68.8 North Carolina . . 53.8 14.8 29.4 1.0 98.0 1.0 55.0 15.1 29.9 North Dakota. _ .. 15.7 7. 6 76.7 12.6 87.0 .4 3.2 8.7 88.1 Ohio _ 5.4 24. 1 70.5 .4 96.7 2.9 4.8 24.9 70.3 Oklahoma.. - 11.8 5.3 82.9 4.0 87.7 8.3 6.7 6.0 87.3 Oregon _ _ _ - - 3. 2 13. 2 83. 6 2.8 95. 2 2.0 13.9 86. 1 Pennsylvania _ _ 19.4 80.6 . 1 99.6 .3 19. 1 80.9 Rhode Island _ _ - _ 8. 7 91.3 . 1 99.7 .2 8.4 91.6 South Carolina . . . - 29. 6 8. 1 62.3 95. 6 4.4 29.4 8.5 62. 1 South Dakota _ _ 12. 7 87.3 11. 7 84.3 4.0 100. 0 Tennessee . . . 27.0 51.2 21.8 .7 93.1 6.2 27.0 50.9 22.1 Texas _ . - _ _ 39. 1 2.4 58. 5 4.7 94. 4 .9 38.2 61.8 Utah _ 36.4 63.6 2.7 95.2 2. 1 35. 0 65.0 Vermont- _ _ 13.3 86. 7 .8 98.3 .9 11.9 88. 1 Virginia.- - - -- -. - 32.9 30.8 36.3 1.0 93.1 5.9 32.8 30.3 36.9 Washington-.. _ - - 30.4 14.9 54.7 4.8 91.7 3.5 26.6 16.3 57.1 West Virginia _ . __ _ 8.0 92.0 .2 98.0 1. 8 7. 2 92. 8 Wisconsin. _ _ _ 16.8 9.8 73.4 1.0 97.3 1.7 15.8 9.7 74.5 Wyoming . . . 26.4 19.2 54.4 24.6 73.9 1.5 .9 26.0 73.1 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska --- - . 67.0 33.0 100.0 67.0 33.0 American Samoa . . 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 Canal Zone . 100. 0 98.7 1.3 100. 0 Guam _ _ .. _ 100.0 95.3 4. 7 100.0 Hawaii _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 Puerto Rico _ _ 79. 1 20.9 97.6 2.4 78.6 21.4 Virgin Islands - _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 Statistics, 1930. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 Table 20.— RECEIPTS FROM PERMANENT SCHOOL FUNDS AND LEASES OF SCHOOL LANDS, 1931-32 Receipts from— Total receipts from permanent funds and leases of school lands State Permanent funds Leases of school lands State County Local Total, including undistrib¬ uted items ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 Continental United States. S25, 793, 192 $3, 142, 906 824, 365, 163 $2, 631, 238 81, 939, 697 828, 936, 098 115, 383 105, 673 221, 056 221, 056 40, 725 40, 725 40, 725 533, 961 12, 171 546, 132 546, 132 673, 635 673, 635 673, 635 244, 670 125, 564 119, 106 244, 670 77, 461 77, 461 77, 461 224, 544 224,544 224, 544 470, 678 31, 380 502, 058 502, 058 1, 066, 498 1, 066, 498 1, 066, 498 3, 195, 086 178, 666 3, 195, 086 178, 666 3, 373, 752 Iowa . . _ _ 215, 031 215, 031 215, 031 Xansas 581, 174 581, 174 581, 174 Xentucky 141, 148 141, 148 141, 148 Louisiana . . _ _ ... 115, 876 56, 394 115, 876 56, 394 172, 270 Maine _ _ .. .. _ 78, 629 34, 155 44,474 78, 629 M assachusetts 358, 112 358, 112 358, 112 Michigan 1 364, 614 364, 614 364, 614 Minnesota.. _ . _ 2, 874, 016 (2) 2, 874, 016 2, 874, 016 Mississippi 3.. _ _ _ 62, 192 212,791 62, 192 212, 791 274, 983 Missouri 3 702, 532 530, 325 172, 207 702, 532 Montana _ _ _ _ 832, 623 (2) 832, 623 832, 623 Nebraska.. _ 1, 040, 364 24, 182 1, 064, 546 1, 064, 546 Nevada 128, 046 23, 186 151, 212 151,212 New Hampshire 37, 229 37, 229 37, 229 New Jersey 621, 141 597, 953 23, 188 621, 141 New Mexico 89, 528 932, 735 1, 022, 263 1, 022, 263 North Carolina _ _ 307, 469 7, 162 300, 307 307, 469 North Dakota 610, 675 782, 946 1, 393, 621 1, 393, 621 Ohio _ _ _ _ 304, 801 108, 726 304, 801 108, 726 413, 527 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ _ 894, 767 148, 769 1, 043, 536 1, 043, 536 Oregon _ _ _ _ 429, 768 429, 768 429, 768 Pennsylvania . . .. _ 116, 753 116, 753 116, 753 Rhode Island. _ 14, 577 14, 577 14, 577 South Dakota. _ 1, 678, 020 (2) 1, 678, 020 1, 678, 020 Tennessee 150, 750 150, 750 150, 750 Texas _ _ 3, 428, 528 1, 707, 504 1, 721, 024 3, 428, 528 Utah .. 253, 733 (2) 253, 733 253, 733 Vermont . 27, 477 11, 227 38, 704 38, 704 V irginia 230, 556 230, 556 230, 556 Washington 1, 007, 650 103, 354 1, 111, 004 1, 111, 004 West Virginia 4.. _ _ 55,000 55,000 55,000 Wisconsin 442, 612 442, 612 442, 612 W yoming 955, 160 410, 726 1, 365, 886 1, 365, 886 1 Statistics, 1926-27. 2 Included in column 2. 3 Statistics, 1930. 4 Estimated. 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 21.— INCOME FROM APPROPRIATION AND TAXATION, 1931-32 State or outlying part State County Local Total 1 2 3 4 5 Continental United States _ $384. 799, 151 $174, 099, 844 $1,415,592,888 $1, 974, 491, 883 Alabama _ .. _ _ 7, 830, 613 7, 108, 904 2, 342, 660 17, 282, 177 Arizona - - - - .. 2, 024, 825 3, 839, 523 3, 337, 746 9, 202, 094 2, 419, 035 8, 932, 941 11, 351,976 California _ _ 28, 651, 352 39, 624, 847 62, 695, 973 130, 972, 172 Colorado . . 20, 000 5, 324, 846 15, 050, 067 20, 394, 913 2, 297, 995 29, 772, 467 32, 070, 462 3, 713, 089 469, 396 4, 182, 485 District of Columbia _ _ _ _ _ i 4, 132, 678 9, 000, 000 13, 132, 678 Florida . . . ... - ... - 6, 093, 194 4, 316, 070 7, 211,104 17, 620, 368 Georgia - - - - 6, 938, 525 4, 612, 122 5, 974, 422 17, 525, 069 Idaho - - - - - 66, 048 2, 253, 435 3, 411, 504 5, 730, 987 7, 256, 267 102, 245, 962 109, 502. 229 2, 551, 112 52, 460, 510 55, 011,622 Iowa_ _ _ ._ _ _ _ 586, 125 1, 309, 059 43, 374, 911 45, 270, 095 35, 395, 970 35, 395, 970 Kentucky _ _ _ _ _ 6, 152, 423 6, 137, 199 8, 748, 888 21, 038, 510 Louisiana - 5, 246, 119 9, 880, 072 3, 018, 820 18, 145, 011 3, 149, 131 7, 262, 351 10,411,482 Maryland _ _ _ _ . _ _ 5, 028, 756 7, 896, 468 11, 058, 413 23, 983, 637 6, 384, 591 74, 386, 498 80, 771, 089 Michigan.. _ _ . . _ 23, 719, 342 65, 510, 637 89, 229, 979 Minnesota - - - 7, 794, 714 2, 137, 447 31, 525, 786 41,457, 947 Mississippi1 2 _ 5,916,098 4, 166, 789 7,916,918 17, 999, 805 Missouri. - - ..... - 3, 673, 906 1, 245, 897 47, 508, 487 52, 428, 290 Montana - . - - - - - - 351, 892 5, 055, 479 4, 814, 492 10, 221, 863 Nebraska 147, 695 19, 755, 080 19, 902, 775 Nevada. . - - .... ... - - 486, 390 1, 363, 201 278, 904 2, 128, 495 New Hampshire _ _ _ . 324, 799 6, 759, 421 7, 084, 220; New Jersey - - 19, 746, 183 898, 586 82, 425, 828 103, 070, 597 New Mexico - . - - - - - - 163, 768 4, 125, 041 1, 232, 155 5, 520, 964 New York 103, 693, 376 228, 100, 685 331, 794, 061 North Carolina... _ _ 16, 949, 355 4, 669, 082 9, 233, 155 30, 851, 592 North Dakota _ _ _ 307, 639 841, 506 8, 504, 778 9, 653, 923 Ohio. . - - 5, 416, 980 27, 752, 277 78, 436, 508 111, 605, 765 Oklahoma _ _ .. _ _ 1, 543, 657 1, 401, 642 20, 239, 802 23, 185, 101 Oregon . _ _ _ _ _ 2, 041, 203 12, 656, 359 14, 697, 562 Pennsylvania _ .... 32, 830, 045 138, 821, 633 171, 651, 678 Rhode Island _ _ _ _ 1,309, 435 14, 333, 352 15, 642, 787 South Carolina— _ _ _ _ _ 3, 817, 169 1, 100, 753 8, 064, 069 12, 981, 991 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 12, 057, 501 12, 057, 501 Tennessee . . . . .... . . . 5, 318, 491 10, 012, 065 4, 358, 445 19, 689, 001 Texas _ .. _ 26, 193, 409 42, 345, 151 68, 538, 560. Utah 3, 112, 783 5, 787, 423 8, 900, 206 Vermont _ _ _ _ . .... .. 570,476 4, 232, 139 4, 802, 615 Virginia... . . . . . . 6, 795, 403 6, 289, 288 7, 652, 592 20, 737, 283 Washington.. ... ... - - - - - 5, 724, 167 3, 492, 876 12, 254, 404 21, 471, 447 West Virginia .... _ 1,528,542 19, 777, 467 21, 306, 009 Wisconsin. .... . . . . 6, 782, 919 4, 136, 722 31, 856, 538 42, 776, 179 Wyoming _. _ .. .. .. - - . . 38, 640 1, 067, 445 3, 002, 576 4, 108, 661 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ . _ _ _ .. 472, 500 232, 489 704, 989 American Samoa 20, 573 20, 573 Canal Zone .. _ _ _ . -- 1, 417, 288 1, 417, 283 Guam 69, 712 69, 712 Hawaii 6, 229, 382 6, 229, 382 Puerto Rico _ _ 4, 282, 297 1, 166, 692 5, 448, 989 Virgin Islands _ .. . _ _ 116, 092 116,092. 1 Federal funds. 2 Statistics, 1930. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 I =a a « Federal ap] Table 22. — INCOME FROM FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, FROM ALL OTHER SOURCES, AND TOTAL! REVENUE RECEIPTS, 1931-32— Continued so BIENNIAL SURVEY OP EDUCATION, 1931-32 l|l! |l=! ISISs !§§!§ 5ISI1 gISSS ggga swi iiii¥ mm mm mm gs'ss'a s'g's'as sfas” mss ssgsi mis s|R|8 mi sgiis' mm mm mm mm I '-'ST g»«°'sa 3‘g3“S sfjfgrf II Is IS llsl 1 ilfsi S SI IS a So I I IS Is alesl sslgg ggssl SSISS lleSI Sflsl s s‘-‘ SS-"” g-*- sSSSS ssSI lisiS ipi lO 00 00 N NhNh l SI 33‘ S 11115 Isils Sills ***** urn ***** mu mg Si« **** §1118 5 mm i mi **** s ss si § IS § as 1 IS a Is II §IIIS ISSI iiri gw is Is aSSsi §§11 sWf §W S”5 si *411 |II Hill ill 111! Hill II II l : I-I1| parts of the United States STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 1S3§ SI!! ga's'R mm ls§§ I 11 N CO 00 CO ? : £ ; ooco S : s i Table 23.— NONREVENUE RECEIPTS, TOTAL ALL RECEIPTS, AND BALANCES ON HAND 1931-32 82 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Si*!*? J’gll a «■« S sails iWii -CO ow islls mm iisiS 5§§5 mm ssss SSf2 ss is! gg iSi S3' is'”' llgll $-811 Ss§il lisll! sails SiWl I'llll Sllsl S'Sl'If Ilill s‘“‘33ss s-sss t-‘s‘s"ss sss'ass ss‘s‘s‘3 IIrsS g'lsSf Illsl IS'iaS oT r>T oT ISill §1111 sllll 111=1 IsEis mm -‘gsss; s^'as Islsl mm GO CO 0*0 i i i!S § i !i ! 58 Is ! ialfsi i i :1s 1 i ItjT ! :i5 : 11 is i i i i J I—* ! CO £ c § Sets Uj O C3T3 EB IsISi *0 Sfgf Si sSSSI lsS!§ SSI38 sg s“§gsfs? ggs£§ ggggsT i ii i : Mi II If i ill i |g ; i :?&§ i i : i i S3 ja i i ;§g i sSsS i SI ill Ills i Sail i ils §311 i - -«s : ss _r !- — 1 CO K ! COIN §111 i JON- ; ms ! - CO j Mi --N- §22 ^ ca .2* J£S ^ CD o> 16 jg>? 8 , 111 II! i* I*a 11 I i 1 ill i il ii i i i i i i ! 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W Ill'S COJOtO IslSS SSISg liSSl mis 1111 ■siiw ssii'i nisi' iis'i'i iii'i sf t-‘3” s‘“s'§a' 2|s'“a' s'ffs™ 1 I ii if ill Is ilijii 1 i si ils i : is i ii i i i§ IS 2 1 i 1 OO* CO iii ill j oo'r-t 1,212, 241 637, 602 324, 799 20, 344,136 1,228, 868 103, 693, 376 16, 966,617 1,701,260 5, 721,781 2, 861, 200 429, 768 32, 946, 798 1,324,012 3,817, 169 1, 678, 020 5, 469, 241 28, 067, 742 3, 372, 755 609, 180 7, 077, 837 7, 017, 572 1, 583, 542 7, 225, 531 1,404, 526 Issa 1 m* § ill jtC® i^* IS1S5 ssISs SsisS Hill 1111 ssWs ||3|| sfsfg g|S?gg sfggs' i i i ! 1 is ! is i i i i i ;s‘ ; 1 i i r ; j si 11 i i ;Sf i SS‘ : : i i gf 1 919, 621 251,659 185, 549 8, 624, 288 559, 099 24, 516, 006 3, 000, 000 2, 149, 747 5, 308, 957 i si | it : **85 isg Isi i isi m i 1 3ISS 3 iii'i CS CO s is ! i i in S is I i i ilf i ii i ii ; j od il i is! i jS | i i ii 111 m -Tr-T 1 isi i i i is s |ss j ; j ;s i £ i i $ i ill ill i is's j Hi §5® •stall His mm mm od ^“eo eo i II i II : iss IIS i ip 5‘g‘i i ftc | I 3 s § CO O 00 co © I • © c CM 00 C cdoo© CO CO Tti CO O -1 00 05 05 1-H r}H © cd© © cm" 0- td© ©i © Tt< © NCoV © O rH c3 2 23.2 3 g 075 © © ^ 00 cm ■^ © 00 co co © °oS CM CM CM 00 © CO 00 CM - ~ - © CM C ©"©"1 © © c © ©H0ri| — © © 10 © h rti CO 5 © © « ^ © ©cm" flm u "3 a 5 +e ®-^> gsj CO CO CO © © © - 00 © © © CM rdi-T© 'TOCOHH 0)TfH©.. 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Cities only. ♦ Statistics, 1930. « Included in column 7- 0 Estimated. 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 I, 318, 598 126, 967 411,941 11, 556, 217 416, 346 45, 722, 860 1,380,720 468, 438 II, 736, 890 797, 713 1, 174, 774 20, 484, 007 2, 549, 109 335, 275 775, 568 1, 682, 569 11,402, 491 500, 785 86, 366 1, 558, 312 2, 304, 546 1, 444, 774 8, 014, 728 282, 152 93,489 400 596, 811 552, 012 3,814, 451 78, 780 2, 054 277, 584 41, 880 74, 732 1, 345, 378 42, 226 8, 018, 234 106, 398 2, 092, 160 558, 575 1, 261, 468 342, 266 85, 009 198, 731 151, 064 31, 629 196, 004 532, 641 755, 136 1, 154, 548 78, 023 ! i 52, 837 ill isr* 1,041,014 85, 087 337, 209 10, 210, 839 374, 120 37, 704, 626 362, 040 9, 644, 730 239, 138 19, 222, 539 2, 206, 843 250, 266 1,483,838 349, 721 54, 737 1, 362, 308 1,771,905 689, 638 6, 860, 180 204, 129 499, 175 Is 4, 301, 156 547, 081 1, 720, 826 18, 564, 760 1, 476, 743 59, 196, 760 5, 211,948 3, 848, 398 23, 243, 127 5, 089, 612 3, 105, 661 30, 205, 401 2, 495, 448 1, 469, 128 2, 693,950 2,833, 646 9, 675, 011 1, 763, 037 1, 133, 282 3, 849, 801 6, 157, 112 4, 328, 954 9, 850, 412 1, 382, 786 120, 386 804 58, 991 8, 687 427, 975 in !<* §s!si llsll SI51I slssl Ills ilWl SIW Is'ss'g |||-s £ CO 2, 978 igg is 672, 436 175, 434 734, 875 5, 331, 776 658, 672 10, 299, 679 2, 505, 866 1,811,895 6, 666, 579 1, 390, 031 960, 534 6, 703, 122 739, 645 791, 387 681, 006 984,859 2, 428, 089 538, 962 408, 508 1, 456, 716 1, 763, 578 982, 884 2, 161, 677 610, 107 2 2 555 42, 750 iSl jr 160,464 51, 866 173, 798 583,092 3,240 2, 667, 624 84, 038 471, 730 724, 698 115,494 ssM miss ills IW ifiga rH ! •' o ! eo jg 1 ! i§8 i ill : sis i i i|8' | iff | j 85, 563 23, 227 4, 616 15, 699 79, 002 67, 107 5, 990 i i i i 291,704 116, 886 461, 871 2, 406, 927 578, 344 3, 457, 976 2, 266, 468 813, 477 5, 139,611 1, 167, 963 880, 144 3,316, 483 147, 978 701, 127 429,472 820, 822 3 1, 290, 523 482, 739 325, 226 1,085,115. 1, 654, 703 743, 993 900, 462 482, 918 135 42,750 98, 400 6,682 99, 206 1, 574, 097 40, 739 2, 775, 353 68, 917 50, 796 534, 147 106, 574 62, 019 1,551,384 131, 428 30, 750 24,390 19, 769 113, 269 108,875 84, 237 344, 245 30, 195 25, 767 1,860 i i ii§ sssi i § i I's'ss i ooo ‘n ! !(m j !co ! •' •' oo ! !© ! i i* i ig i 1 i is ■V i III NN 3 Hi Mill i i ! i i i i 3 Si *J8! li";? ?«s. ©©©<©<© ©oo^:^ £££££ ttzoo J| jags mi 1 Public libraries under board of education. 2 Included in operation. Table 26.— RECAPITULATION OF EXPENDITURES IN PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS, 1931-32 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 s> ’> Payment to sinking funds ® $14, 747, 048 545, 706 20, 270 Mi M MS i MSS jjj. jj j j* ! ; jfs 1 Payment of bonds and short-time loans Oi $182,943,930 434, 480 790, 048 2, 145, 695 i 7, 891, 831 1, 183, 980 2, 943, 775 148, 911 5, 389, 831 i 1, 932, 475 739, 149 5, 625, 704 7, 668, 495 2, 761, 146 1 1, 856, 935 2, 222, C98 1, 522, 419 315,281 1, 458, 292 2 5, 940, 902 i 16, 891, 181 3, 007, 458 » 643, 817 i 6, 130, 649 1, 334, 787 606, 786 192, 011 635, 469 7, 762, 301 495, 096 Total current j expenses, outlays, and interest ao $2, 161, 170, 060 18, 188, 209 9, 210, 787 11, 655, 163 149, 811, 347 23, 701, 085 33, 359, 232 6, 336, 295 13, 824, 314 17, 019, 536 19, 162, 665 8, 627, 313 140, 085, 040 57, 983, 676 44, 614, 725 33, 388, 284 21, 754, 564 20, 631, 463 11, 010, 583 25, 802, 905 86, 166, 020 100, 205, 501 49, 635, 566 18, 025, 642 50, 056, 000 11,802,810 24, 784, 846 2, 439, 172 7, 136, 286 109, 252, 327 6, 772, 041 Interest $140, 234, 782 1, 653, 749 819, 706 1, 097, 930 i 10, 087, 090 2, 737, 438 1, 774, 931 113,006 2, 646, 933 i 1, 484, 868 523, 048 10, 145, 790 2, 722, 193 2, 554, 194 1 1, 332, 058 899, 982 1, 708, 615 271, 672 1, 791, 198 2 2, 713, 898 i 8, 029, 583 1, 122, 399 i 636, 137 i 2, 342, 967 431, 975 854. 965 141, 922 283, 598 10, 239, 222 341, 650 If If and new equipment $210, 996, 262 678, 954 273, 027 912, 506 15, 004, 302 763, 874 1, 845, 309 2, 333, 250 4, 454, 249 551, 136 392, 651 300, 816 12, 903, 775 3, 812, 412 1, 082, 897 2, 295, 243 1, 743, 490 2, 336, 659 894, 055 4, 328, 946 10, 098, 492 6, 554, 347 2, 975, 232 1, 631, 782 5, 548, 251 748, 461 1, 318, 598 126, 967 411, 941 11, 556, 217 416, 346 i! b* = 1 $1,809, 939,016 15, 855, 506 8, 118, 054 9, 644, 727 124, 719, 955 20, 199, 773 29, 738, 992 3, 890, 039 9, 370, 065 13, 821, 467 17, 285, 146 7, 803, 449 117, 035, 475 51, 449, 071 40, 977, 634 29, 760, 983 19, 111, 092 16, 586, 189 9, 844, 856 19, 682, 761 73, 353, 63C 85, 621, 571 45, 537, 935 15, 757, 723 42. 164, 782 10, 622, 374 22, 611, 283 2, 170, 283 6, 440, 747 87, 456, 888 6, 014, 045 Miscellaneous nnrrATit expenses 1 § -T 1 2, 702, 957 1, 622,979 1, 639, 691 23, 683, 622 5, 660, 422 5, 838, 806 890, 765 2, 057, 693 2, 760, 593 2, 681, 978 1, 748,123 31, 435, 803 12, 303, 920 11, 003, 928 5, 685, 744 2, 950, 170 3, 789, 668 2, 898, 467 4, 646, 242 15, 133, 454 27, 258, 295 11, 855, 562 4, 363, 824 10, 577, 466 2, 362, 857 4, 301, 156 547, 081 1, 720, 826 18, 564, 760 1, 476, 743 Instruction $1,333, 331,826 12, 342, 735 6, 007, 331 7, 232, 688 96, 411, 945 13, 719, 524 22, 791, 733 2, 844, 485 7, 111, 789 10, 350, 054 13, 836, 205 5, 702, 645 80, 982, 065 37, 890, 427 28, 380, 743 23, 023, 828 14, 801, 912 12, 024, 913 6, 579, 501 14, 387, 477 55, 327, 552 57, 007, 065 30, 469, 844 10, 659, 315 30, 233, 476 7, 653, 865 17, 067, 058 1,486, 474 4, 166, 074 64, 907, 007 4. 185. 634 General 1 a 8 w $74, 910, 121 809, 814 487,744 772, 348 4, 624, 388 819, 827 1, 108, 453 154, 789 200, 583 710, 820 766, 963 352, 681 4, 617, 607 1, 254, 724 1, 592, 963 1,051, 411 1, 359, 010 771, 608 366, 888 649, 042 2, 892, 624 1, 356, 211 3, 212, 529 734, 584 1, 353, 840 605, 652 1, 243, 069 136, 728 553, 847 3, 985, 121 351. 668 1 l 5 - Continental United States _ Alabama . ... . . Arizona . . . Arkansas . . . California . . . Colorado. . . . . Connecticut. . . - . . Delaware _ _ _ _ jjisirici oi v^uiuiiiuict - - Florida _ _ _ Georgia... - - - - Idaho.. _ _ Illinois _ _ _ _ Indiana _ _ Iowa _ _ Kansas . . . . . Kentucky - - - Louisiana _ .. - ... _ Maine _ _ _ Maryland . . . . Massachusetts . . . . Michigan . . . . Minnesota... .. . . . Mississippi 3 _ _ Missouri . . Montana _ _ _ Nebraska . . . Nevada . . . . New Hampshire— . . . New Jersey _ _ _ _ New Mexico. - - - - STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 a ig ! i is'; ; : ; ; ; ;i ; ; :§ g -Mi: MIW ; i ; ;s’ ; ; ii jr-r ! j o ! | j 1 j j | ! | i 26, 135, 985 « 2, 562, 159 1, 249, 375 15, 221, 781 5, 160, 289 1, 269, 942 21, 725, 662 800, 279 593, 617 2, 789, 468 1, 421, 983 i 3, 139, 816 1, 400, 156 i 232, 233 1, 707, 041 1. 890, 082 700, 000 4, 273, 060 1 ! ! jc i ! f j 345, 022, 879 30, 097, 114 13, 434, 396 122, 872, 328 28, 780, 255 17, 155, 429 178, 644, 677 14, 133, 962 12, 491, 357 14, 175, 901 22, 014, 675 78, 778, 409 9, 273, 905 4, 670, 189 22, 182, 917 30, 685, 424 25, 531, 653 52, 976, 057 5, 805, 136 704,988 19, 812 1, 091, 542 70, 429 5, 917, 720 15, 539, 628 5, 349, 757 114, 995 26, 376, 605 i 3, 633, 0C0 i 848, 643 12, 628, 915 679, 096 916, 614 8, 662, 634 1, 159, 999 1, 153, 852 911, 296 608, 892 i 6, 567, 672 559, 861 i 140, 00G 669, 358 1, 750, 103 625, 000 792, 620 47, 905 11, 548 A(\ C07 I ! f i ! 45, 722, 860 1. 380, 720 468, 438 11, 736, 890 797, 713 1, 174, 774 20, 484, 007 2, 549, 109 335, 275 775, 568 1, 682, 569 11, 4C2, 491 500, 785 86, 366 1, 558, 312 2, 304, 546 1, 444, 774 8, 014,728 282, 152 93, 489 400 596,811 552, 012 3, 814, 451 78, 780 2,054 272, 923, 414 25, 083, 394 12,117,315 98, 506, 523 27, 303, 446 15, 064, 041 149,498, 036 10, 424, 854 11,002, 230 12, 489, 037 19, 723, 214 60, 808, 246 8. 213, 259 4, 443, 823 19, 955, 247 26, 630, 775 23, 461, 879 44, 168, 709 5, 475, 079 611,499 19, 412 494, 731 70, 429 5, 354, 160 11, 725, 177 5, 230, 350 112, 941 59, 196, 760 5, 211, 948 3, 848, 398 23, 243, 127 5, 089, 612 3, 105, 661 30, 205, 401 2, 495, 448 1, 469, 128 2, 693, 950 2, 833, 646 9, 675, 011 1, 763, 037 1, 133, 282 3, 849, 801 6. 157, 112 4, 328, 954 9, 850, 412 1, 382, 786 mi g ii g- tg« § j| ; 22, 890 205, 920, 382 18, 851, 408 8, 070, 827 70, 481, 392 20, 773, 771 11, 708, 719 111, 665, 710 7, 549, 004 8, 941,794 9, 197, 880 15, 902, 850 46, 533, 968 6, 027, 435 3, 085, 592 15, 354, 637 19, 077, 105 18, 503, 136 32, 315, 925 3, 784, 927 457, 941 15, 938 394, 892 58, 498 4, 818, 372 d 9R3 KRO is f* ' 7, 806, 272 1, 020, 038 198, 090 4, 782, 004 1, 440, 063 249, 661 7, 626, 925 380, 402 591, 308 597, 207 986, 718 4, 599, 267 422, 787 224, 949 750, 809 1, 396, 558 629, 789 2, 002, 372 307. 366 33, 172 2, 670 40, 848 3, 244 107, 813 515, 976 271,149 10, 700 New York . . North Carolina . . . North Dakota _ _ _ Ohio . . . Oklahoma ... - Oregon-.. . . . . . Pennsylvania _ _ _ _ _ _ Rhode Island . . . South Carolina.. _ _ _ _ South Dakota . . . . Tennessee ... Texas . . . . . . Utah... _ _ _ _ _ Vermont . . . Virginia . Washington . . . West Virginia . . . . Wisconsin _ _ W yoming _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Alaska _ _ _ _ _ ! j !i ill Hawaii _ _ _ _ Philippine Islands _ . . Puerto Rien Virgin Islands . 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 27.— PERCENTAGE ANALYSIS OF EXPENDITURES, 1931-32' Total expenditures, excluding payments of bonds Total expenditures, excluding, payments for outlays, bonds, and interest State or outlying part General control Salaries of teach¬ ers, supervi¬ sors, and prin¬ cipals Textbooks and other instruc¬ tional supplies Total for in¬ struction Miscellaneous current expense Outlays Interest General control Instruction Operation Maintenance Auxiliary activ¬ ities Fixed charges 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Continental United States.. 3.5 58.6 3.1 61.7 18.6 9.7 6.5 4.1 73.7 11.0 3.2 5.5 2,5 Alabama _ _ 4.4 66.7 1.2 67.9 14.9 3.7 9.1 5.1 77.8 3.6 1.8 10.2 1.5 Arizona . . . ... _ 5.3 60.2 5.0 65.2 17.6 2.9 9.0 6.0 74.0 9.2 2.8 6. 1 1.9 Arkansas _ _ _ ... 6.6 60.8 1.3 62. 1 14. 1 7.8 9.4 8.0 75.0 5.9 1.3 7.2 2.6 California . . . . . 3. 1 59.2 5.2 64.4 15.8 10.0 6.7 3.7 77.3; 9.7 3.1 4.3 1.9 Colorado _ _ _ 3.5 57.4 .5 57.9 23.9 3.2 11.5 4.1 67.9 23.9 .... 4.1 -... Connecticut . . . 3.3 62.9 5.4 68.3 17.5 5.6 5.3 3.7 76.7 10.4 4.6 4.6 Delaware . . . . 2.4 41.0 3.9 44.9 14. 1 36.8 1.8 4.0 73.1 7.9 3.2 10.7 Ti District of Columbia _ ... 1.5 48.9 2.5 51.4 14.9 32. 2 2. 1 75.9 11. 4 7.0 1.7 1.9 Florida . . . 4.2 58.3 2.5 60.8 16.2 3.2 15.6 5.1 74.9 6.2 3.6 8.6 1.6 Georgia _ _ 4.0 70.8 1.4 72.2 14.0 2. 1 7. 7 4.4 80.1 3.7 2.2 8.4 1.2. Idaho _ _ 4. 1 62.0 4. 1 66. 1 20.3 3.5 6.0 4.5 73.1 12. 1 2.7 5.9 1.7 Illinois _ 3.3 55.6 2.2 57.8 22.4 9.2 7.3 3.9 69.2 12.0 5.3 7.6 2.0 Indiana. _ _ 2.2 60. 1 5.2 65.3 21.2 6.6 4.7 2.4 73.7 9.9 3.2 8.8 2.0 Iowa _ _ _ ... 3.6 62.4 1.2 63.6 24. 7 2.4 5.7 3.9 69.3 13.2 3.3 10.3 _ Kansas _ _ . . 3. 1 69. 0 69. 0 17. 0 6. 9 4.0 3. 5 77. 4 8. 7 4.5 5.9 Kentucky _ _ 6.3 67.1 .9 68.0 13.6 8.0 4. 1 7.1 77.5 7.0 2.7 3.7 2.0 Louisiana _ _ _ . 3.7 54.2 4. 1 58.3 18.4 11.3 8.3 4.7 72.5 5.4 3.6 11.6 2.2 Maine . . . . 3.5 57.5 5.4 62.9 27.7 3.3 2.6 3.7 66.8 10. 1 5.8 12.3 1.3 Maryland.. . _ ... 2.5 52.5 3.3 55.8 18.0 16.8 6.9 3.3 73. 1 7.5 2.9 5.9 7.3 Massachusetts _ ... 3.4 60.3 3.9 64.2 17.6 11.7 3.1 4.0 75.4 10.8 4.7 5. 1 _ Michigan _ _ _ 1.4 55.0 1.9 56.9 27.2 6.5 8.0 1.6 66.6 31.8 (0 0) 0) Minnesota _ _ 6.5 56.9 4.5 61.4 23.9 6.0 2.2 7.1 66.9 12.7 4.3 3.8 5.2 Mississippi 2 _ ... 4. 1 56.5 2.6 59.1 24.2 9.0 3.6 4.7 67.7 4.6 3.5 16.5 3.0 Missouri. _ 2. 7 60.4 60. 4 21. 1 11. 1 4.7 3. 2 71.7 25. 1 (i) 0) (0 Montana . . . 5.1 59.9 5.0 64.9 20.0 6.3 3.7 5.7 72. 1 11. 1 2.6 6.7 1.8 Nebraska... _ 5. 0 64.3 4. 6 .68.9 17.4 5.3 3.4 5. 5 75. 5 10.9 3.3 3.0 1.8 Nevada . . . . ... 5.6 54.4 6.6 61.0 22.4 5.2 5.8 6.3 68.5 12.7 3.3 8. 1 1. 1 New Hampshire.. _ ... 7.8 54.3 4. 1 58.4 24.1 5.7 4.0 8.6 64.7 9.8 2.2 11. 4 3.3 New Jersey. . . _ 3.6 56.0 3.4 59.4 17.0 10.6 9.4 4.6 74.2 10.5 3.9 6.1 .7 New Mexico _ _ 5.2 60.2 1.6 61.8 21.8 6.2 5.0 5.8 69.6 7.4 3.8 11.0 2.4 New York _ ... _ _ 2.3 57.5 2.2 59.7 17.2 13.2 7.6 2.9 75.4 8.0 3.4 3.8 6.5 North Carolina _ . .. 3.4 61.9 .7 62.6 17.3 4.6 12. 1 4. 1 75.1 6.2 3.1 10.0 1.5 North Dakota _ . 1.5 57.1 3.0 60. 1 28.6 3.5 6.3 1.6 66.6 11.4 2.5 15.0 2.0 Ohio _ _ _ 3.9 55.8 1.6 57.4 18.9 9.5 10.3 4.8 71.6 10.7 2.6 6.8 3.5 Oklahoma . . . 5.0 69.5 2.7 72.2 17.7 2.8 2.3 5.3 76. 1 8.3 2.9 5.1 2.2 Oregon. . . _ 1.5 66.1 2.2 68.3 18. 1 6.8 5.3 1.7 77.7 10.3 2.7 6.4 1.2 Pennsylvania . _ 4.3 57.3 5.2 62.5 16.9 11.5 4.8 5.1 74.7 9.4 3.0 4.5 3.3 Rhode Island.. . _ 2.7 50.4 3.0 53.4 17.7 18.0 8.2 3.7 72.4 11.3 3.9 7.1 1.6 South Carolina _ _ _ 4.7 70.6 1.0 71. 6 11.8 2.7 9.2 5.4 81.3 4.0 1.3 7.2 .8: South Dakota _ _ 4.2 61.6 3.3 64.9 19.0 5.5 6.4 4.8 73.6 11.5 2.7 5.5 1.9 Tennessee _ _ 4.5 70.7 1.5 72.2 12.9 7.6 2.8 5.0 80.6 5.7 2. 1 5.0 1.6 Texas _ _ 5.8 51.5 7. 6 59. 1 12.3 14.5 8.3 7.6 76.5 7. 1 2.9 4.0 1.9 Utah . . . . 4.6 60.5 4.5 65.0 19.0 5.4 6.0 5.1 73.4 10.0 3.7 6.6 1.2 Vermont _ _ 4.8 61.3 4.8 66. 1 24.3 1.8 3.0 5.1 69.4 10.4 4.5 9.2 1.4 Virginia . . ... . .. 3.4 66.8 2.4 69.2 17.4 7.0 3.0 3.8 76.9 6.4 2.4 7.3 3.2 Washington _ _ 4.5 58.6 3.6 62.2 20.1 7.5 5.7 5.3 71.6 10.5 4. 1 6.6 1.9 West Virginia _ _ 2.5 71.2 1.3 72.5 17.0 5.6 2.4 2.7 78 9 9.2 3.6 4.2 1.4 Wisconsin.. _ _ _ 3.8 57.3 3.7 61.0 18.6 15.1 1.5 4.5 73.2 11.5 5.0 4.9 .9 Wyoming _ _ _ 5.3 61.0 4.2 65. 2 23.8 4.9 .8 5.6 69.1 9.2 3.3 11.1 1.7' Outlying parts of the United .0*/ rtf p O OtUtCu Alaska . 4.7 65.0 17. 1 13. 2 5.4 74.9 14. 7 2.9 2. 1 American Samoa 13.5 76.7 3. 7 80. 4 4. 1 2.0 13.8 82. 1 .3 3.8 Canal Zone . . . 3.7 31.3 4.9 36.2 5.4 54. 7 8.3 79.8 5. 1 6.8 Guam _ 4.6 61.5 21. 6 83. 1 12.3 4.6 83. 1 .7 6.6 "”.~8 4. 2' Hawaii. _ _ _ 1.8 79.6 1.8 81.4 7.3 9.3 .2 2.0 90.0 3.2 4.0 .8 Philippine Islands . 4.4 Puerto Rico. ._ ... ... _ 5.1 75.6 4. 1 79.7 13.0 1.5 . 7 5. 2 81.5 5.8 1.9 5.1 .5 Virgin Islands _ 9.3 65.0 4.0 69.0 19.9 — 1.8 9.5 70.2 2.4 15.5 1.7 .7 i Included in operation. 2 Based on 1930 expenditures. STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 Table 28.— SCHOOL FUNDS AND LANDS— PER CAPITA COSTS, 1931-32 Annual cost of education Daily cost per State or outlying part Annual income from funds and lands per Total per capita Per pupil enrolled Per pupil in average daily attendance pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance pupil enrolled of popu¬ lation For current expense 1 For out¬ lays For current expense 1 For out¬ lays For current expense 1 For out¬ lays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental United States. 81. 10 S17.31 S74. 22 $8. 03 887. 67 89. 48 SO. 512 SO. 055 6.78 27. 37 1.06 34. 41 1. 33 .235 .009 2.26 20.56 91.29 2. 79 110. 39 3. 37 . 634 .019 .09 6.24 24. 08 2. 05 31. 70 2. 69 .23 , .02 - .49 25. 19 119. 98 13. 35 139. 30 15. 50 . 78 ' .087 2.73 22.64 92.84 3.09 115. 17 3.84 .646 .022 20. 42 96. 82 5. 67 110. 50 6. 47 .612 .036 1.74 26. 40 89. 91 52. 41 103. 21 60. 16 . 561 . .327 District of Columbia 28.04 104. 01 49.44 127. 54 60.63 . 71 .337 Florida .. - _ . _ .61 11. 14 44.78 1.50 56. 26 L 88 . 336 .011 6. 59 25. 27 . 53 32. 79 . 239 .005 4. 21 19.30 69. 90 2.53 81.64 2. 95 .485 .018 18.03 89. 85 9. 12 103. 66 10. 52 . 55 .056 4. 91 17. 70 78. 78 5.54 83. 42 5. 87 . 482 .034 .39 18.00 78. 39 1.95 91.00 2.26 . 516 .013 1.38 17. 63 73. 79 5. 45 80.99 5. 98 . 471 .035 Kentucky. .23 8. 25 32.64 2.84 43. 18 3. 76 .278 .024 Louisiana _ _ _ .38 9. 65 40.88 5. 22 49. 42 6.31 .317 .04 Maine - _ _ _ .49 13. 07 62.54 2. 16 69. 24 2.39 . 388 .013 Maryland _ _ _ _ 15. 61 74. 52 15.02 86. 10 17. 36 . 461 .093 Massachusetts .46 20. 05 97. 25 12.91 108. 91 14. 46 . 605 .08 Michigan _ _ .37 20. 11 93. 95 6.58 108.04 7. 56 .579 .041 Minnesota . ------ 5. 15 19. 20 83.60 5. 33 98. 20 6. 26 . 548 .035 Mississippi 2 _ _ _ .47 8. 85 28. 18 2. 80 38. 18 3.80 .282 .028 Missouri 1. 03 13.69 65.09 8. 11 73. 91 9. 21 .414 .052 Montana. ------ 6. 99 21.94 92.79 6. 28 102. 62 6. 95 .593 .04 Nebraska. _ _ ----- 3.28 17. 86 72. 37 4.07 83.25 4.68 .476 .027 Nevada. . . . 7. 62 26. 23 116. 54 6.40 141.01 7. 74 .802 .044 New Hampshire ... .. . 49 15. 25 87. 98 5. 39 97.99 6.00 .551 .034 New Jersev . 76 26. 34 118. 92 14. 07 141. 19 16. 70 . 771 .091 New Mexico _ _ _ 9. 33 15. 71 58.03 3. 80 75. 97 4. 98 .445 .029 New York . ... . _ _ 26. 85 133. 60 20.41 152. 85 23. 35 .841 . 128 North Carolina .36 9.28 33. 17 1. 59 39. 43 1.90 . 255 .012 North Dakota 8.42 19. 61 78.29 2.83 89.63 3. 24 . 539 .019 Ohio .32 18. 20 85. 54 9.03 94. 27 9. 96 . 539 .057 Oklahoma. .. . . . 1. 55 11.80 41.56 1.18 56. 73 1.62 .331 .009 Oregon.. .. _ _ . 2. 10 17.61 I 78.03 5.74 81.03 5. 96 .503 .037 Pennsylvania _ . . . 06 18. 34 78.76 10. 20 91. 13 11.80 .503 .065 Rhode Island .. _ _ . 12 20.25 94.00 20.68 109. 30 24. 05 .601 . 132 , South Carolina 7. 16 25. 59 .71 32.53 .90 .225- .006 South Dakota _ ----- . 10. 18 20.25 81.26 4. 70 97. 48 5.64 . 576 .033 Tennessee. _ _ _ .23 8. 31 31.69 2. 62 40.42 3. 35 .253 .021 Texas _ 2. 62 13. 21 51.44 8. 71 63.70 10. 78 .399 .068 Utah.. _ _ . . 1.80 18. 01 62.20 3. 55 68. 90 3. 93 .419 .024 Vermont _ _ _ .58 12. 97 69. 18 1. 30 78.80 1.48 451 .009 Virginia . . 40 9. 11 35.38 2. 67 42. 73 3. 23 .254 .019 Washington.. _ ... .32 19. 32 81.79 6.64 98.64 8. 01 . 55 .045 West Virginia _ . 13 14.50 57.03 3. 42 65. 52 3. 93 .399 .024 Wisconsin ... _ _ .76 17.80 77. 57 13.83 88. 11 15. 71 .491 .087 Wyoming _ . 24. 10 25. 35 97.46 4.98 115. 90 5. 92 .659 .034 Outlying parts of the United States Alaska 11. 75 112. 95 17.27 | 136. 86 20. 92 .805 .123 American Samoa 18. 01 9. 24 . 19 Canal Zone. .. _ _ 25.38 64. 33 77. 60 78. 07 94. 18 .365 .441 Guam ... . 3. 52 20. 33 21.04 . Ill Hawaii . .. _ ... . 15.06 68. 21 7.02 72.28 7.44 .395 .041 Philippine Islands. _ 12. 34 9.58 3.11 10.49 3. 41 .54 ' .017 Puerto Rico.. 3.35 23.00 .34 26.08 .39 .137 .002 Virgin Islands... . . 5.23 34.84 .63 36.29 .66 | .189 .003 1 Including interest as in previous years. 2 Based on 1930 receipts. 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 29.— STATISTICS OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR 23 STATES AND 2 TERRITORIES, 1931-32 I— ELEMENTARY DAY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING KINDERGARTEN State or outlying part Teach¬ ers, prin¬ cipals, and super¬ visors Average daily attend¬ ance Salaries of teachers, principals, and super¬ visors Payments for current expenses Payments for outlays Average annual salaries of teachers, principals, and super¬ visors Cost per pupil attending For cur¬ rent ex¬ penses For out¬ lays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U.S.. 216, 642 5,766,642 $258,264,080 $347,214,101 $28,289,349 $1, 192 $60. 21 $7. 33 12, 103 394, 599 7, 267, 592 8, 972, 852 600 22.74 Arizona . . . 2, 667 65i 709 3, 993, 600 5, 436, 556 179,847 1,497 82.74 2.74 Arkansas _ _ - 9, 079 264, 340 4, 492, 693 5, 606, 806 495 21. 21 California _ . 24, 737 655, 190 47, 029, 938 61, 942, 982 6, 651, 521 1,901 94. 54 10. 15 Connecticut _ _ 7, 679 211, 381 13, 673, 543 18, 847, 523 992, 563 1,781 89.16 4. 70 District of Columbia.. 1,781 47, 692 3, 864,007 5, 266, 120 1, 797, 064 2, 170 110. 42 22. 64 Florida _ . . ... 7, 991 222, 958 5, 796, 127 7, 746, 986 321, 012 725 34. 74 1. 44 Indiana _ _ . _ _ 14, 867 467, 213 19, 616, 442 29, 046, 848 1, 319 62.17 Kentucky. 14, 027 402, 013 9, 944, 993 12, 085, 736 709 30. 06 Maine _ _ _ 5,034 115, 634 4, 233, 085 6, 939, 256 841 60. 01 Maryland _ ... . 6, 212 188, 574 8, 703, 457 12, 328, 133 1, 971, 758 1, 401 65. 38 10. 46 Montana _ 4, 690 80, 853 5, 173, 209 7, 308, 559 332, 251 1,103 90. 39 4.11 Nebraska _ ... ... 11,343 214, 466 10, 429, 986 13, 793, 492 570, 339 920 64. 32 2. 66 Nevada. _ _ . 665 12,419 ' 996,644 1, 454, 987 66, 256 1,499 117. 16 5. 34 New Hampshire 2, 282 53, 366 2, 571, 957 3, 981, 604 1, 127 74. 61 New Jersey . . 20, 662 530, 388 41,971,547 57, 533, 422 7, 613, 788 2, 031 108. 48 14. 36 Oregon _ _ _ ... 5, 506 140, 706 7, 414, 007 9, 448, 841 975, 392 1,347 67. 15 6. 93 South Carolina. . . 10, 841 323, 938 6, 399, 459 7, 340, 566 213, 192 590 22. 66 .66 Tennessee.. . .. . . 15, 533 435, 678 11,027, 030 13, 240, 494 1, 142, 735 710 30. 39 2. 62 Utah _ 2, 709 80, 686 3, 040, 943 4, 104, 245 126, 237 1, 123 50. 87 1.56 Washington.. 8, 229 209, 006 11, 892, 262 16, 603, 718 1,445 79. 44 West Virginia _ 12, 802 289, 205 11,727, 006 14, 327, 920 774, 482 916 49.54 2. 68 Wisconsin _ _ 15, 203 360, 628 17, 004, 553 23, 856, 455 4, 560,912 1, 118 66. 15 12. 65 Outlying parts of the United States Canal Zone _ 142 4,706 206, 072 274, 958 97, 047 1,451 58.43 20. 62 Puerto Rico. _ _ . 4,237 195, 971 3, 741, 202 4, 602, 058 78, 780 883 23. 48 .40 II— SEPARATELY ORGANIZED JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Continental U.S _ Arizona _ . Arkansas. _ .. 9, 100 222, 730 $15, 209, 880 $20, 037, 672 $3, 912, 556 $1,671 $89. 96 $21.87 .82 38 534 568 531 1,567 1, 185 824 1,598 262 844 1, 149 779 14, 224 15, 031 12, 676 37, 193 29, 580 20, 948 34, 685 5, 708 20, 454 31, 452 57, 998 474, 513 1, 332, 757 1, 238, 660 1, 631, 471 1, 595, 287 1, 559, 103 3, 729, 340 360, 067 1, 092, 094 2, 138, 590 72, 740 608, 007 1, 706, 099 1, 683, 163 2, 133, 780 2, 104, 021 2, 023, 363 4, 865, 264 452, 263 1, 497, 632 2, 891, 340 635 1,526 889 2. 346 2. 333 1, 041 1. 346 1,892 2. 334 1,374 1,294 1,861 93. 38 42. 75 113. 51 132. 78 57. 37 71. 13 96.59 140. 27 79. 23 73. 22 91.93 Connecticut _ District of Columbia. . Florida... ... Indiana _ .. . _ _ 143, 495 1, 317, 982 35, 869 9. 55 103. 97 .96 Maryland . . New Jersey _ _ . . Oregon _ _ _ Utah _ _ _ Wisconsin . . 1, 269, 929 394, 687 3, 543 36, 416 710, 000 60. 62 11.38 .62 1.78 22. 57 Outlying part of the United States Canal Zone . . 37 965 53, 349 76, 332 164, 922 1,442 79. 10 170. 90 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 Table 29.— STATISTICS OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS FOR 23 STATES AND 2 TERRITORIES, 1931-32— Con. Ill— JUNIOR-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL UNDER 1 ORGANIZATION State or outlying part Teach¬ ers, prin¬ cipals, and super¬ visors Average daily attend¬ ance Salaries of teachers, principals, and super¬ visors Payments for current expenses Payments for outlays Average annual salaries of teachers, principals, and super¬ visors Cost per pupil attending For cur¬ rent ex¬ penses For out¬ lays 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U.S.. Alabama _ _ _ 10, 691 236, 480 $13, 305, 279 $17, 141,910 $757, 773 $1,245 $72. 49 $8. 91 4, 963 1,470 315 3, 943 114, 238 37, 156 6, 675 78, 411 4, 853, 692 1, 285, 206 721, 688 6, 444, 693 6, 072, 840 1, 586, 757 978, 143 8, 504, 170 978 874 2,291 1, 634 53. 16 42.71 146. 54 108. 46 Arkansas _ - _ _ New Jersey - _ 87, 481 670, 292 13.11 8. 55 West Virginia. . _ IV— SEPARATELY ORGANIZED SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS Continental TJ.S 12, 348 258, 060 $23,022,290 CD CO i $1, 769, 120 $1, 864 $121.33 $17. 77 Arizona... - - . 26 649 52, 743 67, 099 7,383 2,029 103. 39 11. 38 267 5, 951 371, 837 505, 780 1,393 84. 99 Florida - 1,884 32, 577 2, 493, 615 3, 229, 881 194,255 1,324 99. 15 5. 96 Indiana _ _ _ 7, 239 152, 555 13, 644, 251 19, 043, 478 1, 885 124. 83 Maryland - 582 13, 844 1, 276, 940 1, 735, 849 35, 293 2, 194 125. 39 2. 55 New Jersey _ _ 850 17, 780 2, 414, 174 3, 036, 951 666, 197 2,840 170. 81 37. 47 Oregon.. .. - 308 6, 222 424, 090 593, 379 17, 992 1,377 95. 37 2. 89 Wisconsin - 1, 192 28, 482 2, 344, 550 3, 099, 050 848, 000 1,967 108. 81 29. 77 Outlying part of the United States, Canal Zone. - 30 666 81, 708 102, 593 334, 842 154. 04 502. 77 r— REGULAR AND VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS Continental U.S _. 37, 055 CD GO to oo $65, 943, 146 $89, 817, 069 $10,278,538 $1, 780 $113.37 $17.42 Arizona. . . ... ... 726 13, 825 1, 443, 698 2, 053, 915 85, 162 1,989 148. 57 6. 16 Arkansas .. _ . 599 17, 238 462, 281 565, 029 772 32.78 Connecticut _ . . . 2, 397 58, 794 5, 963, 421 8, 076, 917 709, 251 2, 488 137. 38 12.06 District of Columbia. . 580 13, 102 1, 665, 760 2, 220, 199 1, 339, 203 2, 872 169. 45 102. 21 Kentucky 3, 470 61, 429 4, 662, 668 5, 666, 346 1,344 92. 24 Maine 1, 288 30, 465 1, 787, 093 2, 538, 712 1,387 83. 33 Maryland _ 1,281 26, 032 2, 009, 718 2, 946, 374 1,051,966 1,569 113. 18 40.41 Montana . . . . 1,280 26, 871 1, 893, 100 2, 708, 163 416, 210 1, 479 100.78 15. 49 Nebraska _ _ 3, 800 67, 422 5, 490, 272 7, 574, 722 748, 259 1,445 112. 35 11. 10 Nevada. ... . . . 229 3, 978 329, 570 578, 568 60, 711 1,439 145. 44 15. 26 New Hampshire 801 15, 260 1, 305, 318 1, 905, 296 1,630 124. 86 New Jersey _ 4,503 102, 424 12, 369, 726 17, 057, 987 2, 794, 064 2, 747 166. 54 27.28 Oregon _ . 1,800 44, 588 3,131,675 4, 319, 897 177, 847 1,740 96. 88 3.99 South Carolina . 2, 349 49, 780 2,413, 932 3, 070, 356 122, 083 1,028 61.68 2. 45 Tennessee _ _ 3, 320 67, 300 4, 547, 528 5, 496, 002 539, 834 1,370 81.66 8. 02 Utah _ _ 931 26, 191 1, 478, 650 2, 188, 595 338, 132 1,588 83. 56 12. 91 Washington. _ 3, 355 78, 721 6, 096, 146 8, 630, 499 1,817 109. 63 Wisconsin _ . 4, 346 89, 708 8, 892, 590 12, 319, 492 1, 895, 816 2,046 137. 33 21. 13 Outlying part of the United States, Puer¬ to Rico.. .... 349 6, 142 304, 331 357, 142 872 58. 15 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 30.— ENROLLMENTS BY LENGTH OF SCHOOL TERM IN 24 STATES IN PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS THAT WERE ACTUALLY IN SESSION THE FOLLOWING LENGTH OF TERM IN 1931-32 Number of days State or outlying part Continental U.S.__ Alabama _ Arkansas _ Connecticut _ Delaware _ District of Columbia. Florida. Georgia. .. Indiana... Kansas. .. Louisiana. Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts. Minnesota . Nebraska _ New Jersey. .. Ohio _ Oregon _ Pennsylvania. Rhode Island . South Dakota. Utah _ Wisconsin _ Wyoming - Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . Canal Zone. Guam _ Hawaii _ Puerto Rico... Virgin Islands. 90 or less 192, 644 46, 144 56, 223 33, 116 4 53 57, 104 91-110 209, 647 64, 253 47, 022 42, 611 38, 039 17, 685 111-130 304, 628 48, 359 62, 852 149, 074 23, 271 14 122 580 20, 356 131-150 173, 814 35, 580 108, 343 11, 636 427 5, 575 532 18, 069 53, 187 151-170 2,622,546 52, 002 116, 355 367, 758 60, 020 312, 148 116, 084 46, 989 19, 204 21, 972 19, 171 85, 289 7,760 19, 991 496, 181 150, 000 317, 045 12, 081 68, 095 314,418 19, 920 171-190 7,461.329 411, 730 255, 438 128, 119 321, 204 43, 546 90, 087 382, 708 309, 981 273, 135 294, 466 142, 033 227, 294 763, 054 465, 884 315, 790 746, 526 803, 031 54, 000 1,402,880 122, 666 152, 833 54, 304 75, 600 36, 750 3, 613 3, 276 3, 464 78, 663 3, 242 191-210 65, 500 41,511 1,400 54, 962 792 247, 361 116 229, 169 More than 210 712 202 53 4,415 Total enroll¬ ment 11,610, 399 640, 010 446, 151 321, 204 43, 811 90, 087 367, 758 742, 756 687, 629 389, 219 447, 517 161, 756 290, 844 782, 225 558, 148 324, 241 821, 532 1, 299, 212 204, 792 1, 967, 286 123, 239 164, 914 141, 048 538, 350 56, 670 5, 301 7, 691 3, 464 78, 663 229, 169 3, 242 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 95 Table 31.— STATISTICS OF WHITE AND NEGRO SCHOOL POPULA¬ TION, ENROLLMENT, AND TEACHERS IN 18 STATES 1931-32 State Population 5 to 17 years of age, in¬ clusive Percent of school population Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools Ratio of en¬ rollment in public schools to school popu¬ lation Number of teachers employed White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro White Negro 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental U.S _ 9, 174, 600 2, 903, 700 76.0 24.0 7, 562, 872 2, 353, 320 0. 824 0. 810 234, 958 54,242 Alabama _ 529, 600 293, 500 64.3 35.7 432, 699 207, 137 .817 .706 12, 714 4, 365 Arkansas _ 421, 500 138, 100 75.3 24.7 345, 542 100, 609 ! .820 .729 9, 447 2, 247 Delaware. ..... _ 50, 100 8,100 86.1 13.9 37, 615 6, 907 .751 .853 1,310 210 District of Columbia _ 62, 700 26, 700 70.1 29.9 59, 698 30, 389 .952 1.138 1,873 878 Florida _ _ _ 276, 100 115, 000 70.6 29.4 266, 201 101, 557 .964 .883 8, 491 2, 581 Georgia . . 552, 000 338, 100 62.0 38.0 479, 655 263, 101 .869 .778 14, 007 5, 527 Kentucky _ 705, 000 54, 100 92.9 7.1 565, 135 47, 984 .802 .887 14, 842 1,578 Louisiana _ 385, 200 227, 000 62.9 37.1 286, 988 160, 529 .745 .707 9, 263 3, 182 Maryland _ 336, 800 70, 700 82.7 17.3 234, 039 54, 130 .695 .766 7, 271 1,529 Mississippi _ 302, 100 313, 700 49.1 50.9 292, 634 289, 125 .969 .922 9, 802 5,730 Missouri. . _ . 814, 000 46,200 94.6 5.4 645, 559 38, 271 .793 .828 23,312 1,276 North Carolina _ _ 729, 400 323, 900 69. 2 30.8 599, 900 265, 781 .822 .821 16, 449 6, 056 Oklahoma. . _ 653, 000 49, 400 93.0 7.0 622, 999 50, 298 .954 1. 018 16, 660 1,500 South Carolina _ 305, 000 289, 700 51.3 48.7 251, 364 223, 710 .824 .772 8,460 4,593 Tennessee _ _ 629, 200 128, 300 83.1 16.9 527, 954 113, 597 .839 .885 16, 374 2, 864 Texas . 1,411, 100 242, 700 85.3 14.7 1, 095, 350 214, 396 .776 .883 36, 501 5,208 Virginia _ 511,400 208, 300 71.1 28.9 422, 957 160, 025 .827 .768 12, 802 3,917 West Virginia... . . 500, 400 30, 200 94.3 5.7 396, 583 25, 774 .793 .853 15, 380 1,001 Table 32.— SCHOOL TERM AND SCHOOL ATTENDANCE OF WHITE AND NEGRO PUPILS IN 17 STATES, 1931-32 State Length of school term (days) in— Average num¬ ber of days at¬ tended by each pupil enrolled in — Percent of school term not at¬ tended in — Percent of pu¬ pils attending daily in — White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools White schools Negro schools 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 Continental United States _ 164 135 133 103 19 23 81 77 Alabama . . . . . .. . 156 127 124 101 20 21 80 79 Arkansas _ _ ... 143 116 112 81 22 31 78 69 Delaware _ . _ 184 185 162 153 12 17 88 83 District of Columbia _ _ 180 179 147 146 19 18 81 82 Florida . . . . 170 162 135 130 20 20 80 80 Georgia.. _ _ _ _ .. 146 121 114 90 22 25 78 75 Kentucky . . 159 105 122 74 24 26 76 74 Louisiana . . . . . 176 119 147 97 17 19 83 81 Maryland _ _ _ .. 189 179 165 147 12 18 88 82 Mississippi . . . . 23 29 77 71 North Carolina _ _ _ 159 143 137 114 14 21 86 79 Oklahoma. . . . 171 169 126 120 27 29 73 71 South Carolina _ 169 114 137 86 19 24 81 76 Tennessee.. . _ _ 161 154 126 121 22 21 78 79 Texas. . . . . . 164 137 134 104 18 24 82 76 Virginia _ _ _ 170 163 144 128 16 22 84 78 West Virginia _ 13 10 87 90 46335—34 - 7 96 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 33.— GRADE ENROLLMENTS OF WHITE AND NEGRO PUPILS IN 17 STATES, 1931-32 Grade White pupils Negro pupils Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 Kindergarten . . .. .. . .. 61,416 0.8 4, 340 0.2 First _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ 1, 338, 969 17. 7 787, 604 33. 5 Second - - - - - - 884, 893 11.7 334, 156 14.2 Third _ 843, 340 11.2 295, 788 12.6 Fourth _ _ _ _ _ 808, 622 10.7 261, 962 11.1 Fifth _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 736, 070 9.7 211, 539 9.0 Sixth _ _ _ 660, 397 8.7 161, 336 6.8 Seventh. _ _ _ _ - - . . . . 576, 613 7.6 117,596 5.0 Eighth _ _ -------- 314, 642 4.2 43, 018 1.8 Eirst year high school _ - - - - ... 457, 531 6. 1 55, 422 2.3 Second year high school-.- . — -.- - 361, 443 4.8 37, 675 1.6 Third year high school _ 288, 901 3.8 24, 926 1.1 Fourth year high school _ _ 229, 861 3.0 17, 952 .8 Postgraduate .. _ - - - - - - - - 174 6 Total _ _ _ 7, 562, 872 100.0 2, 353, 320 100.0 Table 34.— TOTAL ENROLLMENT OF NEGRO PUPILS IN 18 STATES, 1931-32 Kindergarten and elementary Secondary Total State Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental U.S__ 1, 078, 734 1, 138, 605 2, 217, 339 50, 726 85, 255 135, 981 1,129,460 1,223,860 2,353, 320 Alabama. . . _ 98, 278 100, 684 198, 962 2,591 5,584 8, 175 100, 869 106, 268 207, 137 Arkansas _ _ 47, 922 49, 314 97, 236 1,281 2, 092 3, 373 49, 203 51, 406 100, 609 Delaware _ - - 3, 070 3, 153 6, 223 291 393 684 3, 361 3, 546 6, 907 District of Columbia. . 12, 298 13, 144 25, 442 2,003 2, 944 4, 947 14, 301 16, 088 30, 389 Florida.- _ _ 46, 672 50, 857 97, 529 1, 489 2, 539 4, 028 48, 161 53, 396 101, 557 Georgia _ _ 120, 392 133, 917 254, 309 2,942 5, 850 8, 792 123, 334 139, 767 263, 101 Kentucky _ . . ... 21, 779 21,528 43, 307 1,838 2, 839 4, 677 23, 617 24, 367 47, 984 Louisiana . 73, 995 79, 290 153, 285 2, 433 4,811 7, 244 76, 428 84, 101 160, 529 Maryland . . _ 24, 058 24, 589 48, 647 2, 309 3, 174 5, 483 26, 367 27, 763 54, 130 Mississippi _ 138, 760 144, 709 283, 469 2,018 3, 638 5, 656 140, 778 148, 347 289, 125 Missouri _ 16, 471 16, 747 33,218 2,201 2,852 5, 053 18,672 19, 599 38, 271 North Carolina 1 . . 118, 832 127, 915 246, 747 6,517 12, 517 19, 034 125, 349 140, 432 265, 781 Oklahoma . . . 22, 874 22, 641 45, 515 2, 048 2, 735 4, 783 24, 922 25, 376 50, 298 South Carolina . . 101, 190 113, 109 214, 299 3, 107 6, 304 9, 411 104, 297 119,413 223, 710 Tennessee . 52, 144 53, 213 105, 357 3, 091 5, 149 8, 240 55, 235 58, 362 113, 597 Texas _ . 95, 604 96, 186 191, 790 9, 385 13, 221 22, 606 104, 989 109, 407 214, 396 Virginia . . 73, 226 76, 184 149, 410 3, 828 6,787 10, 615 77, 054 82, 971 160, 025 West Virginia _ _ 11, 169 11, 425 22, 594 1,354 1,826 3, 180 12, 523 13, 251 25, 774 1 Sex estimated. Table 35— STATISTICS OF NEGRO SCHOOLS— ATTENDANCE AND TEACHERS IN 18 STATES, 1931-32 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 97 3 Sex estimated basis 1930. Table 36— GRADE ENROLLMENT OF NEGRO PUPILS, BY STATES, IN 18 STATES, 1931-32 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Grand total 8 2, 353, 320 207, 137 100, 609 6, 907 30, 389 101, 557 263, 101 47, 984 160, 529 54, 130 289, 125 38, 271 265, 781 50, 298 223, 710 113, 597 214, 396 160, 025 25, 774 In secondary grades Total second¬ ary 135, 981 SSSII ggsil Iig3! isS 00 CO uSarfaoO NOW Post¬ grad¬ uate CD III! . 1 l l 1 111 l 1 1 1 1 O 1 * l l III 1 1 l 1 1 1 1 1 1 III ' ' ' ' ' 1 1 . 1_ II 1 Fourth year US 17, 952 ills! slglis ssi r-T ‘« OJTltrH In kindergarten and elementary grades Total kinder¬ garten and ele¬ mentary 2 |8, 217, 339 18933 Ills! SSsIS 838 gs-ss ssgssg slpis sgs Eighth grade ® 43, 018 13819 11 ill 1 il is ill tjTco 'gaSg Si" Kinder¬ garten N 4,340 i 88 i N“ 1 i il i i is i i i* i ! !th ! ! ! ! ! ! ! .il 11 11 1 1 State - Continental U.S _ Alabama _ _ _ __ Arkansas - Delaware _ District of Columbia. . . Florida _ Georgia _ Kentucky 1 . . . . Louisiana _ _ Maryland. . . . Mississippi . . . . Missouri 2 _ North Carolina . . Oklahoma _ South Carolina _ _ Tennessee _ _ Texas . . . Virginia . . West Virginia _ _ s Distribution STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 99 Table 37.— ENROLLMENTS IN URBAN AND RURAL PUBLIC DAY SCHOOLS COMPARED Population 5-17 years, both inclusive 1930 Enrollment, 1931-32 State Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Boys Girls Boys Girls > i 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Continental U.S . 68, 954, 823 53, 820, 223 15, 685, 345 15, 885, 977 6, 819, 884 6, 633, 954 6, 517, 854 6, 303, 749 Alabama - - - 744, 273 1, 901, 975 285, 717 184, 349 35, 686 633, 016 78, 883 81, 080 21, 767 244, 449 26, 124 235, 424 Arizona _ 149, 856 81, 532 23, 169 51, 262 26, 840 Arkansas - - 382, 878 1, 471, 604 90, 330 469, 718 52, 191 173, 386 169, 312 California . . . 4, 160, 596 1, 516, 655 515, 909 780, 242 358, 982 149, 045 442, 917 60, 325 423, 469 134, 931 65, 764 122, 233 Colorado- . . 519, 882 111, 703 58, 630 62, 355 Connecticut . . 1, 131, 770 475, 133 282, 020 120, 753 121, 490 115, 186 47, 172 41, 645 Delaware . . . 123, 146 486, 869 115, 234 28, 386 88, 104 29, 224 11, 454 44, 620 100, 411 10, 948 45, 467 11, 253 10, 867 Florida _ 759i 778 708, 433 171, 792 206, 654 102, 458 82, 514 82, 375 Georgia . . . 895, 492 2, 013, 014 222, 597 672, 126 101, 560 110, 765 258, 954 271, 477 Idaho _ _ _ 129, 507 315, 525 33, 126 94, 075 20, 931 20, 993 39, 679 37, 520 Illinois _ _ 5, 635, 727 1,994, 927 1, 240, 216 530, 099 478, 614 448, 053 254, 432 170, 293 234,454 Indiana. _ _ _ _ 1, 795, 892 1,442, 611 400, 536 383, 017 181, 757 175, 416 160, 163 Iowa _ 979, 292 1, 491, 647 216, 070 165, 483 398, 670 105, 551 104, 802 175, 628 127, 813 169, 360 Kansas _ _ 729, 834 1, 151, 165 310, 981 87, 459 86, 380 119, 702 Kentucky _ 799, 026 1, 815, 563 1, 268, 061 178, 036 575, 027 409, 841 73, 544 73, 338 237, 715 228, 522 Louisiana _ _ 833, 532 196, 477 78, 825 82,894 29, 773 143, 169 142, 629 Maine _ 321, 506 475, 917 74, 602 121, 194 30, 738 51, 420 49, 825 Maryland - - 974, 869 656, 657 220, 854 181, 708 82, 064 79, 968 64, 413 61, 724 Massachusetts _ 3, 831, 426 418, 188 897, 837 101,859 353, 362 337, 346 48, 786 42, 731 Michigan _ 3, 302, 075 1, 540, 250 768, 935 426, 122 372, 414 318, 363 311, 522 174, 897 192, 043 Minnesota _ 1, 257, 616 1, 306, 337 284, 676 130, 379 130, 340 41,286 151, 830 145, 599 Mississippi - 338, 850 1, 670, 971 78, 452 534, 696 38,497 250, 205 251, 771 Missouri- - - 1, 859,119 1, 770, 248 373, 567 486, 527 156, 562 151, 822 191, 437 184,009 Montana - - 181, 036 356, 570 41, 716 99, 633 19, 313 18, 620 41,511 39, 690 Nebraska. . . . 486, 107 891, 856 109, 813 247, 835 55, 685 54, 560 108, 610 105,386 Nevada _ 34, 464 56, 594 6, 549 12, 458 44, 308 ■ 4, 853 4, 687 5, 373 4, 927 New Hampshire - 273, 079 192, 214 64, 933 20, 765 19, 708 324, 197 18,312 80, 987 17, 646 72, 921 New Jersey _ 3, 339, 244 702, 090 809, 568 175, 706 343, 427 New Mexico. _ _ 106, 816 316, 501 28, 142 99, 182 14, 878 14, 480 40, 331 39, 836 New York . . 10, 521, 952 2, 066, 114 2, 302, 900 489, 906 910, 029 867, 929 240, 805 221, 433 324, 650 North Carolina _ . 809, 847 2, 360, 429 215, 064 815, 253 103, 980 108, 190 328, 861 North Dakota _ _ 113, 306 567, 539 27, 807 176, 203 577, 027 11,415 11, 781 72, 117 70,295 Ohio _ 4, 507, 371 2, 139, 326 1, 022, 527 432, 370 414, 625 103, 340 233, 694 218, 523 Oklahoma . . 821, 681 1,574, 359 192, 040 503, 294 105, 564 237, 678 226, 715 Oregon _ _ 489, 746 464, 040 97, 218 116, 961 52, 010 639, 449 51, 111 616, 630 51, 506 385, 401 50, 165 Pennsylvania _ ... 6, 533, 511 3, 097, 839 1, 628, 881 921, 023 366, 559 Rhode Island _ _ . .. 635, 429 52, 068 157, 081 12, 808 491, 490 59, 139 56, 259 3, 868 3, 973 South Carolina— . . 371, 080 1, 367, 685 100, 557 54, 512 59, 325 176, 482 184, 755 South Dakota _ 130, 907 561, 942 30, 982 164, 495 15, 357 15, 617 67, 922 66, 018 Tennessee . . . . 896, 538 1,720,018 206, 293 545, 880 90, 064 93, 589 232, 741 395, 420 225, 157 376, 492 Texas _ _ „ 2, 389, 348 3, 435, 367 561, 662 1, 066, 174 271, 796 266, 038 Utah . . 266, 264 241, 583 73, 390 80, 296 37, 504 36, 723 34, 769 32, 052 Vermont _ _ _ 118, 766 240, 845 26, 571 60, 992 10, 346 10,416 85, 077 23, 486 207, 344 22, 011 Virginia _ _ 785, 537 1, 636, 314 187, 802 528, 643 82, 756 207, 805 Washington _ 884, 539 678,857 182, 223 174, 805 398, 105 99, 345 96, 187 79, 026 72, 435 West Virginia— . . 491, 504 1, 237, 701 122, 131 60, 913 60, 104 139, 071 154, 766 146, 574 147, 119 Wisconsin . . . . 1, 553, 843 1, 385, 163 349, 026 394, 818 141, 689 151, 726 Wyoming— . . 70, 097 155, 468 16, 393 41, 402 9,988 9,796 18, 854 18, 032 Table 38.— ENROLLMENT OF URBAN PUPILS BY GRADES, 1931-32 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Grand total QO 13, 453, 838 Hill I1I1S 3SSSS ISSSS ISSII §1511 S-ll'S s'lSIS SS's'SI I'l's'is ***§■»• In secondary grades Total 1 2 C4 « liSISS Isill sens S151S .Hill Hiss S">-2‘g‘S' Sg’S’SSSf SSSS'SS gg’SR” Post¬ grad¬ uate © 8 s is iS i 1^ S 6,434 486 767 744 153 4,234 3,053 1,405 157 3 Fourth year t(5 i s ISSIli Hiss SSSSI Sills sills §§£§§ -^r-r^TtCw t- rfoco NOOO-HOO OMNOH CO -To-T Third year 2! 672, 173 S28SS SSHg sllSI IISS1 Hiss SSS8B coWicS^c*? jHrHcooo'tC (Nrfoma cdoococo^ cocoes corn rC eteV Second year 2 875, 627 §§111 S83SS lllsl il-ls SISSs eisSi tCrnuS-gtC ^VhioVh-h eoggjow oo oo 'F oo o tC eotjW First year 2 1,093,847 9, 324 1,815 6, 902 65, 120 9,113 18, 814 2, 052 6, 334 12, 869 12, 996 4, 110 67, 605 30, 804 17, 796 14, 154 10, 326 10, 623 5, 142 11, 327 57, 474 50, 804 23, 587 4, 848 28, 057 2, 906 9,898 965 3, 952 51, 647 2, 134 In kindergarten and elementary grades Total 10, 237, 765 131, 860 39, 142 80, 883 642, 644 90, 779 183, 841 16, 535 71, 406 163, 814 174, 287 28,811 738, 888 262, 079 150, 870 127, 424 116, 563 128, 093 44, 900 130, 623 516, 262 471, 251 184, 222 65, 484 233, 788 29, 713 78, 989 6,952 29, 203 531,816 23, 064 Eighth grade © 921, 559 sS§ss BSSlg IslSI S isiS SS83S SsIsS OO co cog- oo oo N CO CO CO WWM-N- os ; o-g-Ttrgfcf t-T CO COr-T Seventh grade © 1,061,714 nisi §IS§! Sim SSiSS §§§31 siSlI j-Tco-l-Tg-os- gofco-^-jg co-oo cocci' oo>'nm NTos'>o‘ffM' t- co-co r-T Sixth grade QO E S' 13, 798 3, 963 8,614 65, 238 9, 763 21, 066 2, 068 7, 138 18, 302 16, 919 3, 415 80, 959 29, 432 16, 376 13, 709 11, 961 13, 406 5, 162 15, 075 61, 631 48, 245 19, 753 5, 973 25, 272 3, 688 8, 521 822 3,316 60, 689 2, 370 Fifth grade 1, 203, 741 «S!I! ssIsS llssl Slill Sills =!!§§ sa^'sg Fourth grade - 1, 218, 239 iiSli Illsi §§§=§ §§!g§ Sills illll S^2£2‘ “8852 2^2'S °°‘ Third grade 8 1 — T SSilS §gggg sSSil sills siasi nils «K2£2 Second | grade 1 § Hill IsSii IIssr 35181 iiill SIISI ~%U52 2^23 8§3«gf« * '*£'* First grade eo 1,552,213 §1111 §s!§3 sills ilSIl §§!§§ SiisI ss-asis nN’s*ww -’s’sss'sf ss’^s’s ss’s’sf- s’ Kinder¬ garten 614, 876 170 2,172 62 69, 829 7, 678 15, 276 356 6, 665 551 5, 704 61,597 16, 982 16,291 4,986 4,493 5,008 3, 720 5, 675 24, 954 52, 510 19,411 2, 240 16, 740 598 7, 922 566 2, 070 43, 610 929 State - Continental U.S_ Alabama _ Arizona. . ... _ Arkansas _ .. California Colorado _ _ .. Connecticut _ _ Delaware _ District of Columbia Florida _ ueorgia . Idaho _ Illinois Indiana. Iowa _ . Kansas... . Kentucky . Louisiana _ . Maine _ _ Maryland _ _ Massachusetts Michigan _ Minnesota. Mississippi. . Missouri . Montana... Nebraska . . Nevada . . New Hampshire . New Jersey _ . New Mexico... . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 101 iSSII Sllgg ggggi §gg« Ea"'Il ISSS"' g‘§‘.-s§ ssfs mil sign imi Ills SS'-ass s‘|‘sfa‘» sag-"' : ; il i ;g i i ; i i \9 i i ; :§ | | j : ; : : : : Sell! isils IsSsl Sssl o-^TC-rtr^r v^cfr-rrc rfoV' I88SS I11SI sills slss noh;oo > Table 39.— ENROLLMENT OF RURAL PUPILS BY GRADES, 1931-32 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Grand total 2 12, 821, 603 SUSS Sails llllsi glsss IIIII lllsl eaggs lligi 1WI In secondary grades Total 1, 923, 948 IsSIS §1S!I Islil SBS3S 1S3SE liSsi ss'ss's SPSS’S s‘§§'s‘3 ss's's's" -‘“““a Post¬ grad¬ uate CO 3,442 ■Si:! : i i ! i si::: i i i i ! ! i il i S i i i i ! ! ! ! !!'.!! «n- !!! ! ill!! Ill 1 ! ! ! ! Fourth year 330, 459 Sslls SHHs 8s§gg ISSal Hill ISIIS to t-T TjT oc co' es't-TcT eo'co eo«o co" t-T|Ciocooo ei“ ,-7 t-T Third year 2 1 § ilSSI §!§!§ Islil SsssS Sslsl IB1I1 iCeCcoo^T co NOM ia-*Vcea» odoTcoVoT -Tof^T© Second year e* -i 11, 206 2, 806 8, 664 12, 009 5, 112 5, 686 561 2,541 15, 349 4, 175 35, 207 17, 329 16, 934 13, 213 10, 878 8,717 5, 091 5,712 7,918 12, 415 9, 685 11, 574 19, 491 5, 348 11,111 551 1,426 5, 448 2,356 23, 595 First year s 683, 761 llisl ligsi liill 1IS13 ssSsl 3l|g§ joof^joco- co- .orHto c4VtCodeo m.jooo co'co r-T©cdaT In kindergarten and elementary grades Total 3 10, 897, 655 IIS1S IslSs IsSIs IISIs ISSli 1SSSS pm SPSS's mm mm Eighth grade o 759, 961 19, 885 3, 868 22, 441 19, 260 10, 008 3, 551 1,705 8, 486 382 7,465 43, 234 28, 771 31,533 23,113 35, 855 6, 366 1,448 7, 351 31, 746 31, 069 24, 859 26, 841 8, 291 19, 847 815 3,212 11,517 4, 062 36, 417 Seventh grade as 991, 111 SsllS IIIII SIISI lisSl §§§11 ISSli U-'sfsfs' S'SSSS gSS-'S Sixth grade GO 1 g 39, 808 3, 697 28, 947 22, 584 12,905 9, 908 2,279 12, 809 40, 762 7, 944 47, 518 31,717 33, 057 24, 665 41, 569 19, 194 9,613 13, 181 7,317 32, 749 30, 307 36, 660 31, 215 7, 568 19, 544 959 3, 784 15, 850 5, 673 42, 285 Fifth grade 1 S 13IIS Sails §§li§ ISIII alls! silSS s-sss s'sss'g ss's-s sss-s Fourth grade CO 1,370,859 31111 sills glSIS gills 15111 f!Si§ s-'sa'a s'-sg- sjsfsa'a sss'“s assy's rfs-‘s Third grade 1,423, 168 lllsl lllal Silll 8S8B3 BSSIB lilSS K'-’gSS S^SS'- S'SSSK SS‘S"g 5®S'~g -“““fg Second grade 1,480,988 sssls illss Isill IsSIS SiSsS sssli issfaftfif sss-s ggsM? First grade eo 1 £ oT IISII Hiss Issss Islil Islil gslsl gssss ssss's sss-s figs' >-'s --'s'ss Kinder¬ garten w § s i§ is§ :! iss iK is i i§ I i i is §sg if !r-r ioo : i csr ico : ; ~ ^ .i i t i i iii State - Continental U.S. Alabama. . . . Arizona . . Arkansas _ _ California _ Colorado . . Connecticut . Delaware. . . . Florida.. _ _ Georgia ... . . Idaho... . . . Illinois. . . Indiana. .. Iowa _ Kansas. .. Kentucky _ Louisiana . . Maine - Maryland _ _ Massachusetts Michigan. . . Minnesota . . Mississippi . . Missouri.. . Montana . . Nebraska _ Nevada _ New Hampshire _ New Jersey . New Mexico . New York.... . . STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 103 sills issaii mu gSSSS iiS Slf* illll lls #&&sf g-sss §s-ss sfgf-‘ SSsSI §§§§§ SliSl 151 sr ON(N OiHNNN OWOCOH oTed cm T-TtC "HHCDQO OJOJCOO) CO GO CO CM co cm co to to 00 (N N N 00 (N 05 00 "to oT© CO to cm Cl O O O CO CO CO »0 05 00 to O to r* cn uj » oo © o oo o co c ©tOCOCOOO o' o' o' rH ! (NOCON - O CDNrti - CO CM ^ CO to coooco^c « n • -CM ---- to CO CO CO ’-H HHC5O0I ) CO to t-H CO l^-cot^coi CM t>« rH 05 00 ONOOCOtO tOC5NH^ 0COO CM CO CO CM CO C5 CO to CO CM CM i— i OC O O to tS» 05 C5 cfo CO to « 05 CM i— t CO I CO CO CM c* 00 CO 05 o c T cC co cm" co rH CO to CM COCO CM ^ 00H05OO co to co h o "cm CO CO o.g; £ftl <3 co ■* sSI > wo ; <1 CO CM CM 05 CO 05 CO CM rH GO CO to 00 CM r CM 05 NH^rH^ CONNrnH CM CO O N c CO ^ O O CM 05 05 COCONCMO 0 05CDNC >NC0 05 ODNOOO ■ OO h h 0 Tr N O » 05 CM O 05 05 CO O CM i O N tO 0 CO CM CO 05 05 GO 05 05 CO O O .22 03 >© •S a VS _ i CM O 05 O 00 O CM to 05 05 “IIOOHH 00 H 00 05 t-H CO T-H CO 00 05 to oo oc o tOH^HH o CM too H 00 t-H CO CO rHNOH^l 0 0^0 00 00 05 CONtOCOH t-h GO 05 CM to 05 O (M N 0 t^CO HHN0IN r-( o CM 00 tocococcto CO 05 to to co NrH05 000 tO t''- O CO CM CO t>» CO CM to CO ' 00 CM to CO O ^ to 05 to t>. CO CM 00 CO 00 »0 CO ^ CM CO CM ^ 05 00 to CM O to ^ to CO to CM 00 tO t^CM N 05 05 »0 t-H tO CO to »0 rf CM CM to tC 00 tO rf ^ to 05 05 00 t*- < 00 to to CM 00 00 co c 'S^o >ta © ® ® tm Qft3 Soft ftft < ONCM»OH COCO to to CO ^ 05 CO CO t-H CO T-H CM CM I CO CO CO CO ■ co cm co i CM CM 1H CM CM 00 CO 05 tO H CO 00 ^ to 0 to 05 to CO O ^ CM to H CO co CO ONHHN t CM T-H CM CO CO C 105 05 00 to 05 00 to T-H CM CM CM CM CO O 00 CO to CO 05 to CM O O ^OCMN^ oT oT © t-h to CO to to CO 05 co cm to CO 00 T-H 00 CM CM 00 CM 28 CO 00 O CM CM CO to co to 05 to CO CM co N CM 05 0 O T-H 00 CM 00 O0 T-H to ^ O to O rji lO »0 to 00 00 to O O 00 00 00 CM 00 t'- ^ OOO^Tf to CO T-H CO T-H T-H 00 00 CM t^OO ^ H CO ^ CO T-H T-H CM CO 00 05 00 t-h CO 05 OJOtOtOO o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o T-H to TH 00 05 ,2 'r~> C3 O S ©.2 0 & OQfi^O 2o£g .SfSgg £ g S g 03 03 03 1228 107 Table 43.— VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY AND CURRENT EXPENDITURES, 1931-32— Continued 108 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Current expense (General control, instruction, opera¬ tion and maintenance aux¬ iliary agencies, and fixed charges) Rural 3 $14, 302, 467 1, 436, 765 3, 288, 351 12, 907, 505 4, 397, 751 40, 865, 510 17, 216, 501 10, 370, 425 28, 318, 535 16, 448, 878 7, 088, 856 41, 926, 549 1,052, 836 7, 109, 500 9, 985, 255 12, 239, 983 33, 008, 509 3, 730, 334 2, 905, 921 11,310, 963 12, 107, 037 15, 110, 100 18, 252, 381 3, 673, 010 Urban ® $8, 308, 816 733, 518 3, 152, 396 74, 549, 383 1, 616, 294 232, 057, 904 7, 866, 893 1, 746, 890 70, 187, 988 10, 854, 568 7, 975, 185 107, 571, 487 9, 372, 018 3, 892, 730 2, 503, 782 7, 483, 231 27, 799, 737 4, 482, 925 1, 537, 902 8, 644, 284 14, 523, 738 8, 351, 779 25, 916, 328 1, 802, 069 Average salary of supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teach¬ ers Rural OS Islsl sllll ssiil ills! 1111 Urban GO $1,687 1,729 1,488 2,310 1,438 2, 808 1, 100 1,570 1,915 1,418 1,834 1,913 1,775 1,016 1,520 1,187 1,373 1,464 1,394 1,359 1,858 1,472 1,836 1,813 Salaries of supervisors, prin¬ cipals, and teachers Rural $9, 991, 127 843, 788 1, 717, 481 8, 034, 854 2, 880, 721 29, 043, 291 12, 373, 949 6, 452, 389 17, 284, 988 11,842, 495 5, 248, 058 27, 437, 305 404, 237 5, 638, 022 6, 974, 945 9, 625, 522 18, 425, 803 2, 292, 314 1, 832, 791 7, 966, 318 7, 057, 574 11,982, 042 12, 898, 883 2, 289, 567 Urban CD $5, 929, 131 482, 426 2, 159, 794 53, 171, 621 1, 196, 213 169, 238, 721 6, 259, 427 1, 216, 399 51, 271, 859 8, 165, 202 6, 081, 781 74, 903, 545 6, 718, 874 3, 175, 369 1, 756, 066 5, 949, 036 22, 111, 692 3, 319, 373 1, 029, 949 6, 857, 407 10,930, 835 6, 189, 657 17, 481, 400 1, 252, 642 Average value of property per pupil enrolled "3 3 Ph US $193 460 177 311 71 352 91 226 138 93 190 150 176 62 135 74 117 225 132 74 206 107 186 242 Urban pits IlSli islll !!!!§ ill! Value of property Rural $41, 328, 006 4, 736, 340 6, 368, 614 47, 799, 003 5, 713, 136 162, 545, 137 59, 766, 080 32, 254, 504 62, 367, 583 42, 959, 256 19, 322, 339 112, 848, 816 1,382, 344 22, 319, 986 18, 038, 076 33, 742, 741 90, 168, 700 17, 008, 850 6, 020, 298 30, 585, 500 31, 199, 613 32, 214, 116 55, 731, 053 8, 913, 664 Urban $42, 506, 000 1, 460, 000 13, 499, 000 273, 138, 000 5, 804, 000 817, 646, 000 51,360, 000 6, 328, 000 322, 415, 000 48, 127, 000 34, 331, 000 466, 191, 000 38, 043, 000 19, 142, 000 10, 173, 000 29, 988, 000 126, 006, 000 17, 453, 000 5, 977, 000 38, 196, 000 55, 705, 000 38, 444, 000 111,509, 000 6, 389, 000 © "cQ - Nebraska . . . Nevada _ ... . ... . _ New Hampshire _ _ _ _ New Jersey _ _ New Mexico . . - . . New York _ __ .. . North Carolina _ _ _ North Dakota _ Ohio _ Oklahoma _ Oregon _ _ . _ _ _ _ Pennsylvania.. . . _ _ _ Rhode Island _ South Carolina _ _ _ _ South Dakota. . . . . . . _ _ Tennessee _ _ Texas _ _ _ Utah. _ _ _ _ Vermont . . . . . . . Virginia. _ _ Washington _ ... . . West Virginia . . . . . Wisconsin _ £ Table 44— EXPENDITURES FOR INTEREST AND CAPITAL OUTLAY, PER CAPITA COSTS, AND TOTAL EXPENDI¬ TURES, 1931-32 STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS 109 Total current expense, in¬ terest and capital outlay Rural 3 $759, 874, 199 11,668, 268 5, 618, 258 7, 224, 063 37, 129, 686 12, 379, 189 8, 867, 218 3, 409, 701 6, 393, 313 10, 618, 533 5, 820, 417 42, 886, 040 26, 986, 417 26, 577, 055 19, 690, 641 12, 443, 938 11, 240, 599 6, 082, 286 11,697,093 6, 207, 140 33, 364, 928 19, 954,412 15, 076, 478 18, 523, 115 8, 434, 798 Urban O $1,401,295, 861 6, 519, 941 3, 592, 529 4, 431,100 112, 681, 661 11,321,896 24, 492, 014 2, 926, 594 13, 824, 314 10, 626, 223 8, 544, 132 2, 806, 896 97, 199, 000 30, 997, 259 18, 037, 670 13, 697, 643 9, 310, 626 9, 390, 864 4, 928, 297 14,105,812 79, 958, 880 66, 840, 573 29, 681, 154 2, 949,164 31, 532, 885 3, 368, 012 Per capita cost, capital outlay, per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance Rural a* $7. 24 1.30 4.23 1 2. 03 14. 60 3. 52 10. 85 68. 35 gg is 4 ' > STATE SCHOOL SYSTEMS ill Table 45.— TEACHERS EMPLOYED IN PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, 1931-32 State or outlying part Teachers in elementary schools Teachers in secondary schools Total teachers in elemen¬ tary and secondary schools Men W omen ! Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States _ 3, 761 62, 509 66, 270 9, 859 15, 194 25, 053 13, 620 77, 703 91,323 49 332 381 262 170 432 311 502 813 4 202 206 32 23 55 36 225 261 25 190 215 48 75 123 73 265 338 129 1,484 1,613 435 806 1,241 564 2,290 2, 854 53 601 654 42 83 125 95 684 779 111 1,475 138 1,586 463 436 899 574 1, 911 2,485 Delaware - 17 155 19 38 57 36 176 212 District of Columbia . . 10 286 296 62 209 271 72 495 567 Florida _ _ - 20 291 311 58 100 158 78 391 469 Georgia - - 15 216 231 103 110 213 118 326 444 Idaho . . . . 7 84 91 19 65 84 26 149 175 Illinois . . . . 402 5, 985 6,387 617 929 1,546 1,019 6,914 7, 933 151 1, 141 1,292 184 179 363 335 1,320 1,655 Iowa... . - . . 64 1,381 1,445 137 499 636 201 1,880 2, 081 Kansas.. . . 73 624 697 144 139 283 217 763 980 Kentucky _ _ _ 23 875 898 150 318 468 173 1,193 1,366 Louisiana . . . . 90 1,095 1, 185 153 285 438 243 1,380 1,623 Maine. . 2 531 533 152 218 370 154 749 903 Maryland . . . 60 1,266 1,326 226 280 506 286 1,546 1,832 M assachusetts. - . . . 108 3,697 3, 805 444 726 1,170 552 4, 423 4, 975 Michigan _ 181 2,892 3, 073 211 619 830 392 3,511 3,903 Minnesota. - - 105 1,664 1,769 178 352 530 283 2, 016 2, 299 Mississippi.. . 39 209 248 74 95 169 113 304 417 Missouri.. . . . 152 1,807 1,959 290 378 668 442 2,185 2, 627 Montana.. _ _ 175 175 24 57 81 24 232 256 Nebraska _ _ 113 589 702 40 202 242 153 791 944 Nevada 3 3 3 3 New Hampshire . . 27 529 556 467 348 815 494 877 1,371 New Jersey _ _ 59 2,877 2, 936 444 461 905 503 3, 338 3, 841 New Mexico _ 23 241 264 24 65 89 47 306 353 New York.. _ 588 9,622 10, 210 1,264 1,918 3, 182 1,852 11,540 13, 392 North Carolina _ 19 166 185 250 302 552 269 468 737 North Dakota - 1 252 253 29 69 98 30 321 351 Ohio _ _ _ _ 105 4,915 5, 020 409 1,005 1,414 514 5, 920 6,434 Oklahoma . . 46 426 472 50 128 178 96 554 650 Oregon _ 9 300 309 121 395 516 130 695 825 Pennsylvania _ 340 6, 695 7, 035 843 1,453 2,296 1, 183 8, 148 9,331 Rhode Island . . 82 780 862 117 125 242 199 905 1,104 South Carolina.. . 6 117 123 66 74 140 72 191 263 South Dakota _ 31 417 448 32 77 109 K 63 494 557 Tennessee . . . 21 281 302 174 138 312 195 419 614 Texas _ _ _ _ 133 1,504 1,637 209 350 559 342 1,854 2,196 Utah _ 4 46 50 31 52 83 35 98 133 Vermont _ _ _ . .. 362 362 57 96 153 57 458 515 Virginia _ _ 20 244 ! 264 271 186 457 291 430 721 Washington _ _ _ 61 565 626 152 199 351 213 764 977 West Virginia _ 5 225 ! 230 48 55 103 53 280 333 Wisconsin _ 171 2,687 2, 858 230 303 533 401 2, 990 | 3, 391 Wyoming . . 7 25 32 4 4 8 11 29 | 40 Outlying parts of the United States American Samoa 4 6 10 . 4 6 10 Guam 3 3 6 2 2 5 3 8 Hawaii . . 24 313 337 122 139 261 146 452 598 Philippine. Islands 1,632 1, 163 2,795 Puerto Rico 33 326 ! 359 Virgin Islands 1 23 24 . 1 23 24 1 46335— 3< 112 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1931-32 Table 46.— PUPILS ENROLLED IN PRIVATE AND PAROCIL SCHOOLS, 1931-32 IAL ¥ State or outlying Pupils in elementary schools Pupils in secondary , Total pupils in elementary schools I and secondary schools part Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total ii 1 Boys Girls Total i 2 3 4 5 6 7 ! 8 9 10 Continental United States.. 1,152,931 1,167,320 2,320,251 191,457 211,958 403,415 1,344,388 1,379,278 2,723,666 Alabama _ 3,209 3, 300 6, 509 2,111 2, 300 4,411 5, 320 5, 600 10, 920 Arizona. _ _ 1,571 1,765 3, 336 239 196 435 1,810 1,961 3, 771 Arkansas.. . . 2, 697 2, 761 5, 458 919 1,025 1,944 3,616 3, 786 7, 402 California . . . 24, 443 28, 175 52, 618 5,813 7, 399 13, 212 30, 256 35, 574 65, 830 Colorado . . . 6,312 6, 827 13, 139 791 1,093 1,884 7, 103 7, 920 15, 023 Connecticut _ 25, 353 25, 118 51,471 5, 471 6, 080 11,551 30, 824 32, 198 63, 022 Delaware _ 3, 272 3, 662 6, 934 542 414 956 3,814 4,076 7, 890 District of Columbia. 5, 188 4,964 10, 150 1,047 1,875 2, 922 6,233 6, 839 13, 072 Florida. . 2,915 3, 063 5, 978 810 954 1,764 3, 725 4,017 7,742 Georgia . . 3, 008 3, 603 6, 611 1,660 1,413 3, 073 4, 668 5, 016 9,684 Idaho. . . 1,203 1,297 2, 500 311 541 852 1,514 1,838 3, 352 Illinois _ _ _ 120, 641 121, 171 241,812 19, 810 18, 946 38, 755 140, 451 140, 117 280, 568 Indiana, _ 23, 362 28,546 56, 908 3, 445 2, 967 6,412 31, 807 31,513 63, 320 Iowa.. _ 19, 326 19, 234 38, 610 3, 432 5, 022 8, 454 22, 758 24, 306 47, 064 Kansas _ _ 11, 242 10, 857 22, 099 3,403 4, 981 8, 384 14, 645 15, 838 30, 483 Kentucky _ _ 18, 794 16, 657 33, 451 2, 363 3, 852 6, 215 19, 157 20, 509 39, 666 Louisiana . 21,308 23, 720 45, 028 2, 908 3, 408 6,316 24, 216 27, 128 51, 344 Maine . . . 10, 422 10, 685 21, 107 3, 292 3, 387 6, 679 13, 714 14, 072 27, 786 Maryland.. _ 21, 654 22, 653 44, 307 3, 865 3, 766 7, 631 25, 519 26, 419 51, 938 Massachusetts _ 75, 160 78, 238 153, 398 19, 902 23, 807 43, 709 95, 062 102, 045 197, 107 Michigan _ _ 70, 267 67, 976 138, 243 6, 577 8, 505 15, 082 76, 844 76, 481 153, 325 Minnesota. . 27, 407 27, 212 54, 619 4, 594 5, 087 9,681 32, 001 32, 299 64, 300 Mississippi. _ 3, 301 3, 519 6, 820 1,660 1,337 2, 997 4, 961 4, 856 9, 817 Missouri _ _ _ 34, 223 33, 926 68, 149 4, 175 5,277 9, 452 38, 398 39, 203 77, 601 Montana _ _ 2,807 2, 849 5, 656 536 850 1,386 3, 343 3, 699 7, 042 Nebraska _ 11,539 11,197 . 22, 736 1,203 2, 139 3, 342 12, 742 13, 336 26, 078 Nevada _ 78 79 157 78 79 157 New Hampshire. 11,352 11,040 22, 392 5, 976 5,688 11,664 17, 328 16, 728 34, 056 New Jersey ... 60, 086 59, 839 119, 925 7, 529 6, 357 13, 886 67, 615 66, 196 133,811 New Mexico _ 3, 775 4,232 8, 007 528 627 1, 155 4, 303 4, 859 9, 162 New York... . 177, 970 175, 619 353, 589 20, 821 24, 154 44,975 198, 791 199, 773 398, 564 North Carolina... . 2, 039 2, 202 4,241 2, 960 4, 421 7, 381 4, 999 6, 623 11,622 North Dakota ... 3, 726 4, 047 7, 773 319 776 1,095 4,045 4, 823 8, 868 Ohio _ ... 78, 319 78, 899 157, 218 12, 337 14, 667 27, 004 90, 656 93, 566 184, 222 Oklahoma _ 4, 087 4, 306 8, 393 760 1,065 1,825 4, 847 5, 371 10, 218 Oregon _ _ 4, 628 4, 205 8,833 630 1,164 1,794 5, 258 5, 369 10, 627 Pennsylvania _ 136, 873 138, 631 275, 504 19, 259 15, 576 34, 835 156, 132 154, 207 310, 339 Rhode Island . 14, 296 14, 745 29, 041 2, 651 2, 504 5,155 16, 947 17, 249 34, 196 South Carolina 1,523 1,709 3,232 1,061 1, 151 2, 212 2, 584 2, 860 5,444 South Dakota. . 4,811 5, 194 10, 005 414 666 1,080 5,225 5, 860 11,085 Tennessee. .. ... . 3, 725 3,585 7,310 2, 696 1,876 4, 572 6, 421 5, 461 11,882 Texas _ _ _ 19, 232 22, 244 41,476 1,661 2, 702 4, 363 20, 893 24, 946 45. 839 Utah _ 456 536 992 613 870 1,483 1,069 1,406 2, 475 Vermont _ _ 4, 155 4, 701 8, 856 1,088 1,313 2, 401 5,243 6,014 11,257 Virginia _ 4, 072 4,008 8,080 2,267 2,317 4,584 6, 339 6, 325 12, 664 Washington . 7, 597 7,692 15, 289 2,256 2,298 4, 554 9, 853 9, 990 19, 843 West Virginia _ 3, 751 3, 948 7,699 621 704 1,325 4, 372 4, 652 9, 024 Wisconsin _ 51, 907 50, 860 102, 767 4, 110 4,412 8, 522 56, 017 55, 272 111,289 Wyoming . . 851 974 1,825 21 29 50 | 872 1,003 1,875 Outlying parts of the United States .Alaska _ . . _ 930 .American Samoa _ 198 171 369 198 171 369 Uanal Zone _ _ 1, 100 'Guam.. _ _ 86 41 127 11 10 21 97 51 ' 148 IHawaii .. ... . . 4, 075 4,420 8, 495 2, 296 1, 826 4, 122 6, 371 6, 246 12,617 Philippine Islands. .. 49, 447 34, 951 84, 398 Puerto Rico.. . 2, 951 4, 773 7, 724 Virgin Islands... ... 573 606 1, 179 573 ’606 1, 179 O UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION ! GEORGE F. ZOOK COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS FOR THE YEAR 1931-32 I BEING CHAPTER II OF THE BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1930-32 BULLETIN , 1933, No. 2 [advance pages] UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON I 1933 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price 10 cents ' ■ ■ CHAPTER II STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS, 1931-32 Prepared by Emery M. Foster, Chief of the Statistical Division, Lester B. Herlihy, assistant statistician, and Lula M. Comstock and Julia E. Isdell, statistical clerks in the division; and by Walter S. Deffenbaugh, Chief of the Division of American School Systems THIS REPORT presents statistics of city public schools for the school year 1931-32. The cities are divided into four popula¬ tion groups on the basis of the 1930 census. Group I includes 93 cities having a population of 100,000 or more; group II, 236 cities having a population of 30,000 to 99,999; group III, 672 cities having a population of 10,000 to 29,999; and group IV, 2,157 cities having a population of 2,500 to 9,999. These 3,158 cities had a population in 1930 of 68,963,499, which was 56.2 percent of the total population of the country. Cities are continually growing in size, but the census is taken only once in 10 years. The 1930 data for populations were not available at the time the tables were made for the statistics of city school systems, 1929-30; therefore, the present report is the first to be organized on the basis of city sizes as reported in the 1930 census. Since the number of cities in each group has increased, gross figures for a group in 1931-32 are not exactly comparable with given figures for 1929-30. Therefore, comparisons with previous bienniums, especially those relating to expenditures, have been made on the basis of the number of pupils in average daily attendance. Since the present policy of the Office of Education is to publish city school statistics in considerable detail every 4 years, dating from 1930, and to publish an abridged report for the intervening biennium, this report for 1931-32 contains statistics for only a few items in detail for each city. Data relating to elementary and to secondary schools were compiled separately for only a few items and for only a sampling of cities. In addition to the full report for 1930 and 1934 and an abridged report for 1932 and 1936, the usual per capita cost study will be published every year. If material which is not given in the abridged publication is needed by school superintendents and others, it can be supplied by special tabulations made from the original reports on file in this Office. A series of circulars containing items not included in this report will be published. Some of those in progress or projected are as follows: 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Grade enrollment, elementary and secondary, in city schools of various sizes. The housing of schools with respect to grades included. Schools and classes for handicapped children. Kindergartens in city schools. Costs for operation and maintenance by types of schools. Expenditures for pensions and other items of fixed charges. Statistics of small city schools, 2,500 to 10,000 population, and comparison of data with 1930. ENROLLMENT During the regular school session of 1931-32 there were enrolled in the city public day schools 13,454,582 pupils. Of this number 6,820,000 were boys and 6,634,582 were girls. The cities of group I enrolled 46.6 percent of the total number; group II, 16.5 percent; group III, 17.1 percent; and group IV, 19.8 percent. In addition to the regular day-school enrollment there were 978,471 persons enrolled in night schools, 439,030 in summer schools, and 202,568 in part-time and continuation schools. From 1929-30 to 1931-32 the enrollment in the public day schools increased from 12,790,023 pupils to 13,454,582, or 5.1 percent, but since the figures for 1931-32 embrace 308, or 10.8 percent, more cities than in 1929-30, the increase in enrollment is not so large as the figures indicate. From a sampling of 130 cities having a population of 10,000 or more it appears that the kindergarten enrollment in these sampling cities decreased about 7 percent, the elementary school enrollment decreased about 4.5 percent, the junior high school enroll¬ ment increased about 10 percent, and the senior and regular 4-year high school enrollment increased about 16 percent. The decrease in kindergarten enrollment is due partly to changes in the age of admission. It is also due to curtailments in the number of kindergartens within school systems and, in some cases, to their elimination. The decrease in enrollment in the elementary grades may be accounted for in part by the decrease in birth rate, and in part by the organization of junior high schools which have taken out of the elementary schools the seventh and eighth grade pupils reported in 1929-30 as belonging to these schools. The increase in enrollment in the upper secondary-school grades is marked. Since the beginning of the downward trend in the number of persons employed in business and industry, many boys and girls of high-school age who cannot find employment remain in school. Many of those who have graduated from high school have returned for additional work. A new question, therefore, faces many com¬ munities: Would it not be better in those cities in which there is a rather large enrollment of postgraduate students to organize junior colleges rather than have the pupils earn extra credits in subjects offered on the high-school level? CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 3 Data were collected for 1931-32 showing the number of pupils enrolled in each grade from the kindergarten to the last year of high school. Since grade enrollments for certain cities were compiled in 1918, it is possible to show the percentage of increase in each grade for 17 cities having a population of 100,000 and more and for 46 cities having a population between 2,500 and 100,000. These comparisons Figure 1. show great variations in the relative increases in the four grade groupings. As may be noted in table I and in figures 1 and 2 the percentage of increase in enrollments in the upper 6 grades greatly exceeds the per¬ centage of increase in the first 6 grades. In the 17 cities having a population of 100,000 and more the kindergarten enrollment increased 36.5 percent within the 14 years; the enrollment in grades 1-6, 10.6 percent; the enrollment in grades 7-9, 89.9 percent; and the enroll¬ ment in grades 10-12, 241.6 percent. In the 46 cities having a popula¬ tion of less than 100,000, the kindergarten enrollment increased 33.9 percent; the enrollment in grades 1-6, 14 percent; the enrollment 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 in grades 7-9, 69.5 percent; and the enrollment in grades 10-12, 173.8 percent. Grade 1 in each group shows a slight decrease. PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN ENROLLMENTS AT VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL LEVELS IN 68 CITIES FROM 1918 TO 1932 Figure 2. Table I. — Percent 0/ total enrollment in each grade 1917-18 and 1931-32 , and percentage of increase in 63 cities Grade Population, 100,000 and more (17 cities) Population, 2,500 to 100,000 (46 cities) Percent of total en¬ rollment in each grade Percent of in¬ crease Percent of total en¬ rollment in each grade Percent of in¬ crease 1917-18 1931-32 1917-18 to 1931-32 1917-18 1931-32 1917-18 to 1931-32 1 ' 3 4 5 6 7 Kindergarten. . . . . . . 7.8 7.6 36.5 4.5 4.4 33.9 1 _ 15.2 11.0 -1.8 14.4 10.2 -.7 2 _ _ _ 11.5 9.0 10.5 11.2 9.3 15.2 3 _ 11.4 8.7 6.7 10.9 9.0 14.3 4 _ 11.2 8.7 8.2 10.9 8.9 14.5 5.. _ _ 10.3 8.8 18.4 10.5 9.0 20.0 6 _ _ _ _ _ 9. 1 8.5 30.6 9.3 8.5 28.5 7 _ _ - 7.4 8.2 54.1 7.7 7.9 43.2 8. _ _ _ 6.3 7.8 81.3 6.2 7.7 73.4 9 _ 4.3 8.1 163.7 5.8 8.3 100.1 10 _ 2.6 6.3 232.3 3.7 7.0 107. 2 11 _ 1.6 4.2 264.3 2.8 5.4 170.6 12 _ _ 1.3 3.1 232.5 2.1 4.4 189.3 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 5 The second grade shows a greater increase than does the third grade in the 63 cities compared. Since there are only 63 cities represented, the greater increase in the second grade might seem accidental, but according to statistics for State school systems (rural and city com¬ bined) compiled in 1918 and in 1928 the percentage of increase in enrollment in the second grade was greater than for the third grade,1 being 8 percent for the second grade and 5.5 percent for the third grade. In the 17 cities having a population of 100,000 or more, 76.5 percent of the total enrollment in 1917-18 was in the kindergarten and first six grades; in 1931-32, only 62.3 percent was enrolled in these grades. The percent enrolled in grades 7-9 increased from 18.0 in 1917-18 to 24.1 percent in 1931-32, and in grades 10-12 from 5.5 to 13.6. In the 43 cities having a population from 2,500 to 100,000, 71.7 percent of the total enrollment in 1917-18 was in the kindergarten and first six grades; in 1931-32 only 59.3 percent of the enrollment was in these grades. The percent enrolled in grades 7-9 increased from 19.7 percent in 1917-18 to 23.9 percent in 1931-32, and in grades 10-12 from 8.6 percent to 16.8 percent. ATTENDANCE Of the 13,454,582 pupils enrolled in the city public day schools in 1931-32, there were 11,626,095 in average daily attendance. In round numbers, not adjusting for duplications in enrollment between cities, 1,800,000, or 13 percent, of the children enrolled were absent from school each day. The percentage of children enrolled who were in average daily attendance has, however, been increasing. In 1900 the attend¬ ance was 74.6 percent of the enrollment; in 1910, 79.6 percent; in 1918, 79.8 percent; in 1922, 82.5 percent; and in 1932 it was 86.4 percent. Or, within 32 years, the percent of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance rose from 74.6 to 86.4. Table II shows what the percentage of attendance is of enroll¬ ment by groups of cities for 1922, and by bienniums from 1922 to 1932. Table II. — Percentage attendance is of enrollment Year Size of city by groups I II III IV Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 1922... . _ _ 82.3 82.6 83.3 82.6 82.5 1926 _ _ _ 81.7 83.2 83.1 84. 1 82.8 1928 _ . _ 81.2 83.7 84.6 84.6 83.4 1930 _ _ 83.8 84.3 85.1 85.3 84.4 1932 _ _ 86.3 86.3 86.8 86.4 86.4 1 U. S. Office of Education Bulletin, 1931, No. 20, Vol. 1, p. 67. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-32 The increase in attendance in relation to enrollment may be attributed to several causes. That children are attending school more regularly than they did in 1900 and in 1922 is doubtless due to the fact that the program of studies and methods of teaching are more nearly adapted to the interests and needs of the children. An elementary school of 1932 with its activity program and with its better-trained teachers should have much greater drawing and holding power than had the ele¬ mentary school a few years ago when the program of studies con¬ sisted largely of unrelated subject matter and when the pupils were more like passive recipients than active participants. The reorganization of the secondary school program may be given as one of the reasons for better school attendance. The junior high school with its general-survey courses and activities appeals to the adolescent youth, and the senior high school with its numerous courses of study adapted to meet the needs of pupils of different degrees of ability and of varying interests may be considered as another factor in holding pupils in regular attendance as well as retaining them in school for a longer period of years. Another reason why attendance has been improving is because the city school attendance departments are better organized than they were a few years ago. They now look upon their work not merely as a matter of running down truants but as a matter of helping to keep children in regular attendance. Not only to attendance officers, but to visiting teachers and school nurses should be assigned part of the credit for better school attend¬ ance, especially in the elementary school grades. In the junior and senior high schools the home-room teachers and counselors should receive some of the credit for improved attendance. School attendance in relation to enrollment is better in the second¬ ary school grades than in the elementary according to data compiled from a sampling of 124 cities having a population of 10,000 or more, as may be noted in table III which shows the percent attendance is of enrollment for 11 cities in group I, 29 cities in group II, and 84 cities in group III. Table III. — Percent of pupils enrolled in average daily attendance at different school levels , 1931-32 Size of city Grade Kinder¬ garten Elemen¬ tary school 1 Junior high school Junior- senior high school Senior high school 4-year regular high school 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Group I _ _ . - - ... - . . 60.7 89.4 89.5 87.4 92.3 94.5 Group II-.. . . . . . . 64.1 86.9 91.3 90.4 86.8 94.0 Group III . . . 64.0 85.4 89.5 90.7 87.0 89.0 Total . . . . . . . . . .. 61.3 88.3 90.0 88.1 89.7 92.7 1 Includes some schools having grades 7 and 8. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 7 THE CITY SCHOOL TERM AND DAYS ATTENDED Although the fact is not generally known, in the early days of the city school systems of the country their sessions continued practically the year round. Vacations were short and holidays were few. The prevailing custom was to divide the school year into four terms of 12 weeks each, wdth a vacation of a week at the end of each term. In some cities all the vacation came in summer, with the exception of about a week at Christmas. The summer vacation was extended gradually, usually about a week at a time. The daily school sessions were also longer than they now are. The history of the Cincinnati public schools in this particular, as indicated in the early school reports of that city, may be given as a typical example.2 The common-school system of Cincinnati was established in 1830. The legislative act requiring the council to provide for the support of the schools at public expense fixed the annual term of 6 months, but an early report in which the act wTas reproduced contained a footnote saying, “The public schools of Cincinnati are kept open throughout the year. ” This was substantially if not actually true. The vacations were of 3 weeks succeeding the close of a school year, 1 week during the session of the college of professional teachers in October, and 1 week, including Christmas and New Year’s Day. The holidays were every Saturday, Thanksgiving Day, and May Day. This arrangement continued for several years. Then, apparently without any change in the regulations or in the city ordinance which restricted school vacations to 5 weeks in any one year, the public exhibition marking the close of the school term was held in 1840 on June 19, and the opening of the following term was set for July 20. In 1849 a formal rule fixed the length of the summer vacation at 5 weeks. Four years later (1853) a further extension was made, and the schools were ordered closed from the last day of June to the third Monday in August. No substantial change was made for 7 years, but in 1860 another week was added to the vacation, which was made to extend from the last Friday in June to the fourth Monday in August. Another 7-year period elapsed, and again (1867) the vacation period was increased, this time until the first Monday in September. On May 31, 1887, two additional holidays were introduced, namely Washington ’s Birthday and Decoration Day; and it was provided that the schools should not be opened on Friday following New Year’s Day and Thanksgiving Day when those holidays fell on Thursday. The regulation in effect in 1911 provided that the annual vacation should be from such date in June as might be designated by the board of education to the first Monday after the first Tuesday in September. The schools were actually taught 200 days in 1910-11, and 184 days in 1931-32. J U. S. Office of Education Bulletin, 1917, No. 45. 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 It appears, therefore, that in this typical city the actual reduction in school time per year has been from 233 to 184 days. Table IV taken in part from the Report of the Commissioner of Education for 189 1-92, 3 shows that the conditions in Cincinnati are representative of the entire country: Table IV. — Length of school term and of daily sessions , 1841-4 % City In 1841-42 or thereabouts In 1891-92 Length of school term in 1931-32 Length of school term 1 Length of daily sessions Time given to recesses daily Length of school term Length of daily sessions Length of recesses 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Hours Minutes Days Hours Minutes Days New York, N.Y _ 49 weeks _ _ 6-7 202 5 20 184 Chicago, Ill _ 48 weeks. . 6 192 5 15 195 Philadelphia, Pa . . 251 H days _ 7 201 5 10 186 Brooklyn, N.Y _ 11 months. .. 202 184 Boston, Mass... .. . 224 days... .. / 2 5^ \ 30 200 5 20 182 Baltimore, Md. 11 months . \ 3 6 f 2 6 | 30 203 5 30 190 Cincinnati, Ohio _ _ do _ l 3 7 I 3 7 \ 30 190 5J4 15 184 Cleveland, Ohio _ _ 43 weeks _ l 3 7 190 5 15 183 Buffalo, N.Y _ 12 months ... 195 185 Washington, D.C _ 238 days . r 2 6 ] 30 180 5 15 180 Detroit, Mich.. 259 days l 3 7 6 / 196 hVi 20 177 1 The exact number of days cannot be stated in all cases, because of the uncertainty as to the length of the week or the month mentioned in the original documents. It is presumed, however, that the calendar week or month was intended. 2 In winter. 3 In summer. The reduction in the length of the school term has come so gradually that the extent of it has not been realized and is rarely discussed. Although the length of the school term has been reduced since the early days of city school systems, the number of days attended by each pupil enrolled has increased. Data on attendance in the early days are not at hand, but data compiled from the report of the Commis¬ sioner of Education for 1879-80 show that although the school term was longer in most cities than at present the number of days attended was less, as may be noted in table V, which shows the number of days school was in session in several of the large cities and the number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in 1879-80 and in 1931-32. From 1922 to 1932 the number of days that school was in session decreased in each group of cities except in group IV. For all cities combined the term decreased from 183 to 182 days and the number of days attended increased from 151 to 157, a loss of 1 day in length of term and a gain of 6 days in average number of days attended. The average number of days of the term each pupil enrolled was out of school decreased from 32 to 25 days, and the percent of time out of school from 17.4 in 1921-22 to 13.7 in 1931-32, as shown in table VI. 3 Boykin, J. C., in ch. XVII, City School Systems, An. Rept. of the Commissioner of Education, 1891-92, vol. 2, p. 664. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 9 Table V. — Length of school term and number of days attended in certain cities , 1879-80 and 1931-32 City Number school session of days was in Average number of days attended by each pupil en¬ rolled Average number of days of the term each pupil enrolled is out of school 1879-80 1931-32 1879-80 1931-32 1879-80 1931-32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 San Francisco, Calif _ .. . ... 211 195 155 166 56 29 New Haven, Conn . 198 179 133 158 65 21 Washington, D.C . .. . . - 193 180 150 147 43 33 Chicago, Ill _ _ .. 198 195 141 164 47 31 Indianapolis, Ind _ .. 194 178 124 148 70 30 Atlanta, Ga... _ - . . 175 176 111 141 64 35 Louisville, Ky._ . . . .. _ 204 172 138 141 66 35 Boston, Mass _ - _ 203 182 155 155 48 27 Grand Rapids, Mich . . . . . . 195 189 124 162 71 27 Baltimore, Md— . 180 190 116 159 64 31 Buffalo, N.Y _ 199 185 155 159 44 26 Kansas City, Mo . . .. . 195 191 116 161 79 30 Cincinnati, Ohio. ... _ -------- 205 184 155 158 50 26 Memphis, Tenn _ .. _ .. 149 180 87 148 62 32 Milwaukee, Wis _ _ . . _ 200 190 131 162 69 28 San Antonio, Tex _ . _ 200 176 118 148 82 28 Table VI. — Number of days schools were in session and average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled in cities , 1922 and 1932 Group Days in session Days attended Days of term out of school Percent of term out of school 1921-22 1931-32 1921-22 1931-32 1921-22 1931-32 1921-22 1931-32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 I-- 187 184 154 159 33 25 17.6 13.6 II _ 183 181 151 157 32 24 17.4 13.3 III.. 181 180 151 156 30 24 16.6 13.3 IV... 178 178 148 153 30 25 16.8 14.0 Total _ 183 182 151 157 32 25 17.4 13.7 From 1929-30 to 1931-32 the number of days school was in session decreased 4 days in group I, 2 days in group II, 2 days in group III, and 2 days in group IV. The decrease in the length of school term within the biennium may have been due partly to chance holidays, but the shortening of the school term by a week or two in a few of the cities probably accounts for most of the decrease. During the biennium the number of days attended by each pupil enrolled increased about 2 days. In table 4 (pp. 40-62) the length of school term is given for individ¬ ual cities in groups I, II, and III. From the detailed data contained in that table and from the average length of term (182 days) only a general conception as to the number of days that school was in session can be obtained. A clearer conception of the situation with respect to length of school term may be had by consulting table VII and figure 3 which show the distribution of 1,000 cities according to the number of days that the public schools were actually in session. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 LENGTH OF SCHOOL YEAH IN DAYS IN 1,000 CITIES OF 10.000 POPULATION AND MORE, 1931-32 - 50- Mo 30 20 10 Legend 93 Group I Cities Y/777\ 236 Group II Cities 671 Group III Cities ■■■ t JSk R 151- 156- 161- 166- 171- 176- 155 160 165 170 176 ISO Length of School Year 191- 196- 196 200 Figure 3. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 11 Table VII. — Distribution of 1,000 cities having a 'population of 10,000 or more, according to number of days the public schools were actually in session, 1931-32 Size of city Length of term in days Group I Group II Group III Total Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 151-155 _ 0 0 1 0.4 1 0.1 2 0.2 156-160 _ 1 1.1 0 0 5 .7 6 .6 161-165 _ _ _ 0 0 3 1.1 7 1.2 10 1.0 166-170.... . . 2 2.2 6 2.5 24 3.5 32 3.2 171-175 _ 6 6.4 24 10.2 112 16.7 142 14.2 176-180 _ 34 36.5 82 34.8 271 40.4 387 38.7 181-185 _ 25 26.8 69 29.2 147 21.9 241 24.1 186-190 _ 13 13.9 38 16.2 81 12. 1 132 13.2 191-195 _ 8 8.7 12 5.2 19 2.8 39 3.9 196-200. _ _ _ 4 4.4 1 .4 4 .6 9 .9 Total. 93 100.0 236 100.0 671 100.0 1,000 100.0 Of the 1,000 cities represented in table VII and in figure 3 about 5 percent have a school term varying from 156 to 170 days, which represents a school term of about 8 to about 8% months; about 90 percent have a school term varying from 171 to 190 days, or a term of about 9 to 9K months; only about 5 percent have a term from 191 to 200 days, or a 10 months’ term. In only 9 cities in 1931-32 was the school term from 196 to 200 days, or what might be considered 10 full months of school, counting 20 days to a school month. In 1879-80, according to the report of the Commissioner of Education for that year, the schools in 95 of the cities having a population of 7,500 and more were in session 196 days or more, and in several of the 95 cities schools were in session more than 200 days. On the whole the number of days that the city schools are in session is not increasing. The number of days attended by each pupil enrolled is, however, increasing; but even with the increase in attend¬ ance, the average number of days attended is only 157. In other words, only about one half the city school children attend school more than 157 days, and the greatest number of days that only a very few children have an opportunity of attending school is 200. If a child attends school 200 days a year for 6 hours a day, the best that is offered to only a few, he is in school 1,200 hours a year. In a year of 365 days there are 8,760 hours. This fortunate child is thus in school only 13.6 percent of the time. Counting 10 hours for sleep, he is in school only 23.5 percent of the time that he is awake; the home has the child with an exceptionally long school term and with an exceptional attendance record 76.5 percent of the time he is awake. As a matter of fact city children are on an average in school only 157 days a year. The child who attends school 6 hours a day for 157 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 days is in school only 942 hours a year. Allowing 10 hours for sleep, the child’s time for 365 days is distributed as follows: 10.7 percent in school, 41.7 percent in sleep, and 47.6 percent at his parents’ or his own disposal. Although 12 years of public schooling are offered, the average child attends school only 9 years. The distribution of his entire time for the 12 years that he might be in school is, therefore, 8.1 percent in school, 41.7 percent in sleep, and 50.2 percent at his own or his par¬ ents’ disposal. These facts are presented in figure 4. In considering the proportion of time the child is directly under the influence of the school and under the influence of the home, it should be remembered that for the first 5 or 6 years of the child’s life, a very Figure 4. important period in habit formation, he is directly under other than school influences. This analysis of the school child’s time emphasizes the joint respon¬ sibility of the home, the school, and community institutions for his all-round education. SUPERVISING AND TEACHING STAFF In the public day schools of cities having a population of 2,500 or more, 3,557 superintendents and assistant superintendents, 21,786 supervisors and principals, and 404,462 teachers were employed in 1931-32. From 1921-22 to 1931-32 the number of superintendents and assistants in the day schools increased 11.2 percent, the number of supervisors and principals increased 12.7 percent, and the number of teachers increased 37 percent. From 1929-30 to 1931-32 the CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 13 number of superintendents and assistants increased 10.2 percent, the number of supervisors and principals decreased 3.1 percent, and the number of teachers increased 6.4 percent. Since the cities in the statistical report of the Commissioner of Education for 1921-22 and 1929-30 were those classified as such in the 1920 census, the increase of about 10 percent in the number of cities in the 1930 census should be considered in interpreting the percentage of increase in personnel. Of the 404,462 teachers in the day schools of all groups of cities in 1931-32 there were 59,423 men and 345,039 women, or 14.4 percent men and 85.6 percent women. The percentage of men teachers has, however, increased, as may be noted in table VIII. Table VIII. — Percentage of men teachers , 1922 to 1932 ( day schools ) Year Group Total 1 II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1922 _ _ _ _ 1 11.2 9.7 9.4 11.0 10.7 1924 _ _ _ 11.3 10.3 10.4 11.9 11. 1 1926 _ _ _ _ _ 12.2 11. 1 10.8 12.2 11.8 1928. _ _ _ _ _ . _ 13. 1 11.9 11.4 12.7 12.3 1930 _ _ 13.8 12.6 12.3 13.7 13. 3 1932 _ 14.9 13.8 13.8 15.6 14. 4 The proportion of men teachers in public city schools has greatly increased in the last 30 years. In 1899-1900 men teachers represented only 7.5 percent of the instructional staff; in 1910 they constituted 8.7 percent. Data were not compiled to show for all cities the ratio of men to women teachers by type of school, but data on this point were com¬ piled from a sampling which included 11 cities in group I, 29 cities in group II, and 84 cities in group III. The results of this sampling are presented in table IX. Table IX. — Percentage of men teachers in ectch type of school in 124 cities , 1931-32 Type of school Group Total I II III 1 2 3 4 9 Elementary _ _ _ _ _ _ - .. _ _ 4.7 2.1 2.8 3.9 Junior high . . . _ -- _ 24.7 26.2 17.3 23.9 Senior high.. _ _ _ _ _ .. 39. 1 39. 1 34.0 38.2 4-year regular high _ _ 41.0 36.6 33.8 39.1 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Comparing the percentages obtained from the sampling for 1931-32 with the percentages for all cities having a population of 10,000 or more for 1921-22 it appears that the percentage of men teachers in the elementary schools in the 10-year period increased from 3.7 to 3.9 percent, in the junior high school from 17.8 to 23.9 percent, and in the high school from 34.2 to 39.1 percent. From 1930 to 1932 there was an increase in the proportion of men teachers in the ele¬ mentary school of about 0.5 percent, in the junior high school of about 1.9 percent, and in the high school of about 3 percent. The number of teachers per supervisor, including principals, remained practically the same for each group of cities from 1922 to 1930. From 1930 to 1932 there was a slight increase in the teacher- supervisor ratio, as may be seen in table X. Table X. — ■ Number of teachers per supervisor and principal Year Group Total I II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1922 _ 19 15 13 12 16 1924 _ 20 15 13 14 16 1926 _ _ _ 19 15 14 14 16 1928 19 16 14 15 17 1930 19 16 15 17 17 1932 _ 20 16 16 23 19 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO From 1921-22 to 1931-32 the number of pupils in average daily attendance per teacher for all schools combined remained practically the same for each group of cities. The number enrolled per teacher was about 1 less in 1931-32 than in 1921-22. From 1930 to 1932 there was no change in the number enrolled per teacher. The number in average daily attendance per teacher increased by 1 pupil. A decided increase in the pupil- teacher ratio for 1932-33 over 1931-32 is indicated from such figures as are available from cities for 1932-33. Table XI shows the pupil-teacher ratio for each group of cities by bienniums from 1922 to 1932. No complete tabulation was made to show the total number of pupils and total number of teachers in each type of school, but a tabu¬ lation was made of these two items for 30 cities in group I, 45 cities in group II, and 55 cities in group III in order to ascertain the pupil- teacher ratio by type of school for 1931-32. A similar tabulation was made for these same cities for 1929-30, thus making it possible to compare changes within the biennium by type of school. Table XII shows the number of pupils enrolled per teacher by type of school in 1929-30 and in 1931-32. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 15 Table XI. — Number of pupils enrolled and in average daily attendance per teacher Year Group I Group II Group III Group IV Total En¬ rolled per teacher Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher En¬ rolled per teacher Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher En¬ rolled per teacher Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher En¬ rolled per teacher Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher En¬ rolled per teacher Aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance per teacher * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1922 _ 36 30 33 28 34 29 34 28 35 29 1924 _ 38 30 34 28 35 29 34 30 36 30 1926 _ 36 29 33 27 34 28 33 28 35 29 1928 _ 35 29 32 27 33 28 33 28 34 28 1930 _ 35 30 32 27 33 28 32 28 33 28 1932 _ 35 30 32 28 33 28 32 28 33 29 Table XII. — Number of pupils enrolled per teacher by type of school for 130 cities Type of school Group I Group II Group III Total 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 1930 1932 • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kindergarten _ _ _ _ 65. 1 55.2 48.8 53.4 50.0 47.1 62.8 54.8 Elementary school . . 39. 1 38.0 35.2 35.4 36.3 34.9 38.5 37.6 Junior high school _ _ 28.7 30.9 25.9 27.3 27.4 28.3 28. 1 30.1 High school 26.8 29.3 26.0 28.2 26.3 30.6 26.6 29.2 Except in group II the number of pupils per teacher in the kinder¬ garten and in the elementary grades was less in 1931-32 than in 1929-30. The comparatively large number of pupils enrolled per kindergarten teacher is partly due to the fact that many kinder¬ garten teachers are assigned 2 sections, 1 in the morning and 1 in the afternoon. In the junior high school and in the high school there was within the biennium an increase of about two pupils per teacher. Since the number of pupils per teacher in the elementary grades has always been high compared wdth the number per teacher in the secondary school grades it would seem that any readjustments in pupil-teacher ratio would be effected in the secondary school grades. The pupil-teacher ratio in the high schools has been less than in the elementary grades partly because many high-school subjects are elective, resulting in some very small classes, and partly because the secondary school accrediting agencies had in general set the maximum pupil-teacher ratio at 30. During the biennium special interpreta¬ tions of the standard on pupil-teacher ratios have been allowed by some of these agencies. 182163°— 33 - 2 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 CURRENT EXPENSE PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE In 1929-30 the average cost per full-time day school pupil in average daily attendance in cities having a population of 2,500 or more for current expenses was $100.95; in 1931-32 the cost per pupil in these cities was $98, or 2.9 percent less than in 1929-30. Table XIII shows the cost per day school pupil in each group of cities by bienniums from 1922 to 1932. Table XIII. — Annual current expense per pupil in average daily attendance 1922-32 ( full-time day schools ) Year Size of city by population groups Total I II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1922 _ _ _ _ $89. 62 $78. 72 $68.85 $64. 51 $78. 73 1924.. _ _ _ _ _ _ 97. 86 85.30 75.31 65.11 84.78 1926 _ _ _ 105. 19 90. 15 79.98 74.69 91.98 1928 _ 114.20 94. 97 82.82 75.69 97.11 1930 _ 119. 17 98.03 85. 75 79.02 100. 95 1932 _ 114. 86 97. 02 82.04 73.09 98.00 From 1922 to 1930 there was an increase in per capita cost from biennium to biennium in each group of cities, but from 1930 to 1932 there was a decrease in each group of cities amounting to 3.6 percent in group I, 1 percent in group II, 4.2 percent in group III, 7.5 percent in group IV, and 2.9 percent for all cities. These average decreases are not great. There were, however, some cities in which the school expenses for 1931-32 were much less than for 1929-30. A comparison between per capita costs in 180 cities in 1929-30 and in the same cities in 1931-32 shows that 46, or 25 percent, reduced the per capita for current expenses by 10 percent or more. Two of the 180 cities show a decrease of as much as 30 percent. Only 6, or 3.9 percent, of the 180 cities show an increase of 10 percent or more. Table XIV shows the number of cities in each group on the sampling of 180 that decreased or increased the per capita expenses from 1929- 30 to 1931-32, and the percentages of change. The median decrease in the annual cost per pupil for the 39 cities compared in group I was 2.0 percent; for the 53 cities in group II, 5.7; for the 51 cities in group III, 5.6 percent; and for the 37 cities in group IV, 7.1 percent. The median decrease for the 180 cities was 4.7 percent. Table XV shows the annual cost per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance for each current expense item for each group of cities, totaling 3,158 cities. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 17 Table XIV. — Changes in annual cost per pupil by certain percentages in 180 cities from 1929-30 to 1931-32 Size of city - Number of cities showing Total Decreases Increases 30 to 34.9 per¬ cent 25 to 29.9 per¬ cent 20 to 19.9 per¬ cent 15 to 19.9 per¬ cent 10 to 14.9 per¬ cent 5 to 9.9 per¬ cent 0.1 to 4.9 per¬ cent 0.1 to 4.9 per¬ cent 5 to 9.9 per¬ cent 10 to 14.9 per¬ cent 15 to 19.9 per¬ cent 1 2 3 4 5 8 | 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Group I _ _ i 4 4 17 8 5 39 Group II _ ... . 2 3 6 5 12 10 9 5 1 53 Group III . .. ... 1 2 1 9 14 17 4 1 1 1 51 Group IV _ i 3 2 6 11 7 4 2 1 37 Total . . 2 3 8 9 24 41 51 21 15 3 3 180 Percentage of total _ 1. 1 1.7 4.4 5. 0 13.3 22.8 28.3 11.7 8.3 1.7 1.7 100 Table XV. — Cost per pupil in average daily attendance for each current-expense item, 1931-32 Item Group Total I II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 General control . ... .. .. . . . ... . .. . $3. 62 89. 13 10. 32 4.23 3.56 4.00 $3.29 75. 36 10.31 3. 10 3. 17 1.79 $3.54 62. 07 9. 33 2. 65 2.85 1.60 $4. 71 53.06 8. 16 2.29 3. 37 1.50 $3. 76 75. 06 9. 72 3.39 3. 34 2.73 Instruction _ ... . _ Operation _ . .. Maintenance _ . Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities Fixed charges. . . Total current. . _ . .... _ . . 114. 86 97. 02 82.04 73.09 98.00 r In order to discover the approximate range of per capita costs for each current-expense item, table XVI was prepared from data for 290 cities.4 In group I, for example, the per capita cost for general control ranges from $1.02 to $6.76, for instruction from $46.03 to $135.66, and for total current expense from $54.79 to $166.97. Among the 290 cities the lowest per capita cost for current expense was $28.92 and the highest was $227.85. Table XVI. — Range in annual expense per pupil in average daily attendance in 290 cities, 1931-32 Item Group I (65 cities) II (75 cities) III (75 cities) IV (75 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 General control . ... . . Instruction. . . . . . Operation . ..... - . Maintenance . .. . _ _ Auxiliary _ _ _ Fixed charges.. . .. ...... Total current expense .. . . . $1.02 to $6.76 46. 03 to 135. 66 3. 46 to 18.46 1.02 to 11.63 . 17 to 9. 14 .01 to 11. 17 54. 79 to 166. 97 $1.05 to $9.04 23. 09 to 168. 33 2. 13 to 22.46 .30 to 12.61 .05 to 13.61 .06 to 10.19 28. 92 to 227. 85 $1. 12 to $11.96 24.35 to 113. 15 1.84 to 29.63 .66 to 15.42 .03 to 24.53 . 01 to 9. 10 29. 42 to 190. 39 $2. 04 to $12. 05 26. 53 to 138. 98 2. 02 to 52.72 .15 to 14.99 .02 to 19.11 . 06 to 6. 25 32. 14 to 196. 83 * U. S. Office of Education Circular No. 73. Per Capita Costs in City Schools for 1931-32. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 The per capita cost of instruction only varies with the type of school. Data relating to instruction expense were not tabulated by type of school for all cities, but a tabulation was made from a sampling of cities in groups I, II, and III in order to ascertain approximately the per capita cost of instruction. A sampling was made including 11 cities from group I; 27 from group II; and 84 from group III. The per capita costs for instruction derived from the sampling are shown in table XVII. Table XVII. — Cost per pupil for instruction only in elementary , junior high , and high schools, 1931-32, in 122 cities Type of school Group I Group II Group III Groups I, II, III combined > 2 3 4 5 Elementary school _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ $81. 03 86. 40 117.44 $65. 45 78.06 105. 65 $43. 06 66. 55 72. 33 $71. 69 81. 34 107. 73 Junior high school _ _ _ _ _ -- .. _ _ .. _ Senior and 4-year high school - Table XVIII shows the cost per pupil for each current expense item, for capital outlay, and for interest by bienniums from 1921-22 to 1931-32 for cities of groups I, II, and III, and for the three groups combined. For the combined groups, the per capita cost for general control decreased 2.2 percent from 1929-30 to 1931-32; for instruc¬ tion, 2.1 percent; for operation, 4.4 percent; for maintenance, 22.9 percent; for auxiliary agencies, 2.6 percent. Fixed charges increased 11.4 percent per capita. Capital outlay showed a decrease of 46.5 percent, and interest an increase of 10.1 percent. Table XVIII. — Cost per pupil for each current expense item, for capital outlay , and interest, 1921-22 to 1931-32 ( day schools ) GROUP I Year General control Instruc¬ tion Opera¬ tion Mainte¬ nance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges Total current expenses Capital outlay Interest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1922 _ $3. 12 $71. 11 $8. 14 $4. 43 $1.93 $0.89 $89. 62 $24. 66 $3. 58 1924 _ 2. 98 76. 95 8. 49 4. 96 2. 97 1.51 97.86 36. 19 5. 76 1926 _ 3. 43 82. 55 9. 47 5. 25 2.99 1.50 105. 19 34. 95 8.64 1928 _ 3. 49 88.21 10.47 5.39 3. 57 3.07 114. 20 27.39 7.28 1930 _ 3. 78 91.77 10. 92 5. 55 3. 71 3.44 119. 17 26. 37 10. 20 1932 _ 3. 62 89. 13 10. 32 4.23 3. 56 4.00 114. 86 14.71 11. 31 GROUP II 1922 _ $2. 76 $60. 57 $8.79 $3. 43 $1.94 $1.23 $78. 72 $27.23 $5.04 1924 _ 2.84 65.04 9. 57 3.86 2. 43 1.56 85. 30 27. 82 5.27 1926 _ 3.03 68. 88 9. 97 3. 94 2. 77 1.56 90. 15 31.39 7. 11 1928 _ 3. 02 72. 94 10.33 3. 94 3.25 1. 49 94. 97 22.61 6. 98 1930 _ 3.30 74.88 10.49 4.03 3. 37 1. 96 98. 03 21.06 8. 82 1932 _ 3.29 75. 36 10.31 3.10 3. 17 1.79 97. 02 12.70 10.23 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 19 Table XVIII. — Cost per pupil for each current expense item, for capital outlay , and interest, 1921-22 to 1931-82 ( day schools ) — Continued GROUP III Year General control Instruc¬ tion Opera¬ tion Mainte¬ nance Auxiliary agencies Fixed charges Total current expenses Capital outlay Interest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1922 _ $3. 13 $52. 31 $8. 14 $2.79 $1. 39 $1.09 $68. 85 $16. 81 $3. 52 1924 _ 3.28 56. 37 9. 18 2.91 2.00 1. 57 75. 31 24. 36 5.24 1926 _ 3.50 59. 92 9. 36 3.50 2.06 1.64 79. 98 28.10 6. 65 1928 _ 3. 48 62.34 9. 52 3.29 2.59 1.60 82. 82 23.80 6.64 1930 _ 3.50 64. 77 9. 73 3. 41 2.73 1. 61 85. 75 20. 75 8. 37 1932 _ 3.54 62. 07 9. 33 2.65 2.85 1.60 82.04 7.83 8. 37 GROUPS I, n, III, COMBINED 1922 _ $3.06 $65.00 $8.29 $3.88 $1. 82 $1.00 $83. 05 $23.59 $3.89 1924 _ 3. 01 70.03 8. 87 4.29 2.65 1.54 90. 39 31.89 5. 55 1926 _ 3. 36 74.74 9. 56 4.59 2. 75 1.54 96.54 32. 72 7. 88 1928 _ 3. 39 79.25 10.23 4. 62 3.29 2.42 103.20 25. 56 7. 08 1930 _ 3. 61 82. 21 10. 57 4. 75 3. 42 2. 72 107.28 23. 98 9.50 1932 _ 3.53 80.51 10.10 3.66 3. 33 3.03 104. 16 12.83 10. 46 AMOUNTS PER PUPIL IN AVERAGE DAILY ATTENDANCE IN CITIES OP 10,000 POPULATION OH MORE, 1922 TO 1932. FlGUBE 5. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Figure 5 shows by the bienniums from 1922 to 1932 the compara¬ tive changes in current expenses, capital outlay, bonded indebtedness, and interest per pupil in average daily attendance in cities having a population of 10,000 or more. PERCENTAGE OF DISTRIBUTION OF THE CITY SCHOOL DOLLAR Table XIX shows for 1931-32 for each group of cities the distribu¬ tion for the six current expense items, and also the percent that total current expenses, capital outlay, and interest are of the grand total expenditure, exclusive of payment on bonds. Table XIX. — Percentage distribution of the current expense and total expense dollar in cities of groups I, II, III, and IV in 1931-82 [For basic figures see table 1] Purpose Group Total II III IV > 2 3 4 5 6 Current-expense dollar: General control _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3. 1 3.5 4.3 6.4 3.8 Instruction. .. _ . . . 78.2 78.0 75.8 72.6 77. 1 Day schools, full time . .. . . . . .. 74.4 76.3 75.3 72.5 75.2 Part time 1 _ _ _ . _ _ _ .... .. 1.0 .8 .2 (2) . 1 .7 Night 1 1.3 .7 .2 .9 Summer 1 .. _ _ _ _ .5 .2 . 1 (2) 11.2 .3 Operation 8.7 10.4 11.3 9.7 Maintenance. ... _ .. _ _ _ _ _ .. 3.6 3. 1 3.2 3. 1 3.4 Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities 3.0 3.2 3.5 4.6 3.3 Fixed charges. _ _ _ . . . 3.4 1.8 1.9 2. 1 2.7 Current expense . . . . . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total-expense dollar: Current expense . . . . . . . 82.0 81.2 83.6 85.0 82.5 Capital outlay.. _ _ _ .. . .. . . 10.2 10.4 7.9 7.7 9.6 Interest _ .... _ _ _ .. _ _ _ _ 7.8, 8.4 8.5 7.3 7.9 Total _ _ _ _ _ .. . . .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ' Includes a small amount in some cities for operation and maintenance. 2 Less than 0.05 percent. Table XX. — Range in percent of amount devoted for each current expense item in 290 cities, 1931-32 Purpose Group I (65 cities) II (75 cities) III (75 cities) IV (75 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 General control ... _ _ _ _ _ Instruction _ _ _ _ _ 1.7 to 8.3 71. 2 to 86. 3 4. 8 to 14. 4 1. 4 to 10. 1 .2 to 6.6 . 1 to 8. 7 1.7 to 6.0 70. 2 to 86. 9 5. 0 to 18. 8 .7 to 5.9 . 1 to 10. 4 . 1 to 5. 5 2. 3 to 9.5 56. 3 to 86. 4 6. 2 to 17. 7 .8 to 9.5 . 1 to 12. 9 . 1 to 8.7 2. 4 to 11. 4 48. 9 to 85. 6 5. 2 to 26. 8 . 1 to 7.6 . 1 to 14. 0 . 1 to 5.5 Operation of plant _ _ _ _ _ Maintenance of plant. _ _ Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities _ Fixed charges _ . . _ _ CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 21 In general, as the size of city increases the percentage of current expenses for general control, operation, and auxiliary agencies de¬ creases, and the percentage for instruction and maintenance increases. The percentage for fixed charges is greater in groups I and IV than in each of the other two groups. The percentage of the current expenses for each item varies con¬ siderably among the cities of the country, as is shown in table XX, which was compiled from data for 290 cities. The cities having the highest per capita costs do not always devote the largest proportion of school funds to instruction. For example, the city in group III (table XX) in which the per-capita cost is highest devotes only 56.3 percent of the current expenses to instruction, and the city in group II in which the per-capita cost is highest devotes only 48.9 percent to instruction. In group I the city in which the per- capita cost is least devotes 85.4 percent of the current expense to instruction, which is considerably more than the average for the group. Table XXI shows the percentage distribution of the school dollar by bienniums from 1922 to 1932 for cities having a population of 10,000 or more. Figure 6 shows the distribution of the current-expense dollar for 1932 and the total-expense dollar for 1930 and 1932. Table XXI. — Percentage distribution of the current expense and total expense dollar in cities of 10,000 population or more, 1922 to 1932 Purpose Percentage by years 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Current expense dollar: General control _ _ ..... ... 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.3 Instruction . . .. ... .. _ 78.7 78.0 77.9 77.4 77.2 77.8 Day school, full time ...... .. ... .. 76.7 75.8 75.6 75.0 74.8 75.5 Part time. .. . _ _ .5 . 7 .8 .9 .8 .8 Night _ 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1. 1 1. 1 Summer. .. _ .3 .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 Operation . ..... . _ 9.8 9.6 9.7 9.7 9.7 9.5 Maintenance _ . _ _ 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 3.4 Auxiliary agencies and coordinate activities _ 2. 1 2.9 2.8 3.1 3. 1 3.2 Fixed charges... ... . . _ _ 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.5 2.8 Total _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total expense dollar: Capital outlay. . . ... . . _ _ _ . . .. 21.0 24.5 21.9 18.5 16.7 9.8 Interest. ... . ... ...... ... _ . _ 3.5 4.3 5.8 5.1 6.6 8. 1 Current expense _ . . . . . . . _ 75.5 71.2 72.3 76.4 76.7 82. 1 Total _ ... .... _ _ _ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Within the 10-year period there was but little change in the pro¬ portion of the current expense dollar devoted to each item. In general, the cities that distribute their school budget for current expenses so that from 3 to 4 percent is for general control, from 72 to 80 percent for instruction, from 9 to 10 percent for operation, from 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 1932 Current Expense Dollar 1930 Total Expense Dollar 1932 Total Expense Dollar SCHOOL EXPENDITURES IN CITIES OP 10.000 POPULATION AND MORE, 1930-1932 FlGUKE 6. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 23 3 to 5 percent for maintenance, from 2 to 4 percent for auxiliary agencies, and from 1 to 3 percent for fixed charges are conforming rather closely to general practice. No hard and fast rule can, how¬ ever, be made as to what percent of the total amount of the budget should be devoted to each current expense item, since conditions vary. For example, some city because of geographical conditions may find it necessary to spend a relatively large amount for the operation of the school plant, and some city in which the cost of living is relatively high and some city in which the standard qualifi¬ cations of teachers are relatively high may find it necessary to spend larger amounts for instruction than do those cities in which living costs and the standard qualifications of teachers are lower. THE CITY SCHOOL DEBT In cities having a population of 2,500 or more the total amount of school bonds outstanding, less the amount in the sinking fund, was $2,218,294,000 in 1931-32. The interest on all indebtedness was $112,051,977. The increase in the amount of indebtedness for a period of years can be given only for cities having a population of 10,000 or more. From 1922 to 1932 the amount of net bonded indebtedness in these cities increased from $547,432,000 to $1,918,417,000, and the interest on all indebtedness increased from $25,409,726 to $97,495,400. Since the figures for 1932 are for several hundred more cities than for 1922, the percentage of increase should not be calculated upon total amounts but rather upon amount of bonds outstanding per pupil. In 1922 the amount of bonds outstanding per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance was $83.61 and in 1932 the amount per pupil was $205.85, or an increase of about 146 percent. From 1930 to 1932 the net bonded indebtedness increased from $199.68 per pupil to $205.85, or an increase of about 3 percent within the biennium. Since capital outlay, as is shown in table XXI, has been decreasing since 1924, it would seem that within a few years the amount of bonded indebtedness will also begin to decrease. Table XXII shows the amount of bonds outstanding, less the amount in the sinking fund, in cities of groups I, II, and III in thousands of dollars and the amount per pupil in average daily attendance. Based upon the amount of bonds outstanding per pupil in average daily attendance, the increase in group I from 1930 to 1932 was 2.7 percent; in group II, about 6 percent; and in group III there was a decrease of 0.8 percent. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table XXII. — Bonds outstanding , less amount in sinking fund, in cities of 10,000 ; population or more, 1922 to 1932 Year Group I Group II Group III Groups I, II, and III combined Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Amount in thou - sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance Amount in thou¬ sands of dollars Per pupil in aver¬ age daily attend¬ ance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1922 _ 287, 717 573, 570 832, 630 867, 004 1,017, 501 1, 200, 888 $76. 25 140. 44 195. 10 192. 63 216. 03 222. 04 166, 517 229, 766 289, 732 313, 766 355, 202 389, 855 $119. 27 150. 70 176. 22 180. 59 191. 21 203. 25 93, 198 182, 954 244, 865 283, 217 298, 790 327, 674 $67. 60 120. 47 154. 01 164. 81 165. 71 164. 41 547, 432 986, 290 1, 367, 227 1, 463, 987. 1, 671, 493 1, 918, 417 $83. 61 138. 51 182. 26 183. 99 199. 68 205. 85 1924 _ 1926 1928 1930 _ _ _ 1932 _ SCHOOLS, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, AND PROPERTY INVESTMENTS A school as defined and used in these statistics is an organization such as a kindergarten, elementary school, junior or senior high school, and is counted as a separate unit whether housed separately or not. There were 36,573 schools in the 27,763 buildings in all cities in 1931-32. The size of schools of different types and in different size cities varies considerably as shown in a sampling tabulation made for 124 cities summarized in table XXIII. Table XXIII. — Number of pupils per school in 124 selected cities Type of school Group I (11 cities) Group II (29 cities) Group III (84 cities) Total (124 cities) 1 2 3 4 5 Elementary - _ 513 371 324 438 Junior high school. . 1, 507 805 587 1,073 Junior-senior 1, 512 903 570 1, 185 Senior high school 2, 338 1,820 1,634 1, 127 637 1, 445 4-year regular high school 627 1,210 All types of high schools in group I cities are from three to four times as large as the elementary schools. The largest schools in any group are the senior high schools in the reorganized systems, averaging about 1,450 pupils per school. The other high schools have only from 1,100 to 1,200 students and the elementary schools have about 435. — Four and three-quarters billion dollars is invested in city school property. The estimated value of school properties reported by bienniums from 1922 to 1932 for each group of cities is given in table XXIV. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 25 Table XXIV. — Estimated value of school properties in city school systems, 1922-32 (thousands of dollars ) Year Group All cities I n III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1922 _ _ _ _ _ 899, 280 391, 315 344, 964 394, 710 2, 030, 269 1924 _ _ _ _ 1, 177, 958 487, 707 461, 083 537, 535 2, 664, 283 1926 _ 1, 535, 727 615, 159 562, 141 672, 249 3, 385, 276 1928 _ _ _ 1, 767, 106 693, 969 648, 841 740, 227 3, 850, 143 1930 _ 2, 015, 525 778, 507 703, 119 804, 940 4, 302, 091 1932 _ _ __ 2, 405, 253 837, 529 775, 344 736, 911 4, 755, 037 Part of the increase in groups I, II, and III from 1930 to 1932 is accounted for by the reclassification of cities according to the 1930 census placing more cities in each of these groups. The 10.5 percent increase in value is probably offset in part by the 10 per¬ cent increase in the number of school systems. In cities of group I the estimated value of school property in 1932 is $2,405,253,000, or 50.5 percent of the total for all cities; in group II, $837,529,000, or 17.5 percent; in group III, $775,- 344,000, or 16.5 percent of the total; and in group IV, $736,911,000, or 15.5 percent of the total for all cities. The value of school property in all cities increased from $2,030,- 269,000 in 1922 to $4,755,037,000 in 1932, or an increase of 134 percent. Table XXV. — Number of school buildings and value of average plant, including grounds, buildings, and equipment, 1922-32 Year and items Group All cities I II III IV * 2 3 4 5 6 1922 Number of buildings . - ----- . . . 6, 211 3, 524 4, 812 9,315 23,862 Average value.-- -. .... - _ _ $144, 788 $111,043 $71,688 $42, 373 $85,084 1924 N umber of buildings _ _ _ J 6,245 3, 635 5, 042 9, 537 24,459 Average value. - _ _ _ 1 $188, 624 $134, 170 $91, 448 $56, 363 $108, 928 1926 Number of buildings ... _ .. 6,391 3,782 5, 167 9, 901 25,241 Average value . . . . $240, 295 $162, 654 $108, 794 $67, 897 $145, 660 1928 Number of buildings _ _ .. 6, 370 3, 929 5,340 9, 974 25, 613 Average value... . . _ _ _ _ $277, 411 $176, 627 $121,506 $74, 216 $150, 320 1930 Number of buildings _ _ _ _ . .. .. 6, 657 4,005 5, 378 10, 198 26,238 Average value _ _ . _ _ $302, 768 $194, 384 $130, 740 $78, 931 $163,964 1932 Number of buildings . . . . 1 8,334 4, 345 6,007 9,077 27, 763 Average value _ _ _ _ $288, 607 $192, 757 $129, 073 $81, 184 $171, 272 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 The number of school buildings and the value of the average school plant including grounds, buildings, and equipment is shown by city sizes and bienniums from 1922 to 1932 in table XXV. The transfer of cities from one group to another accounts in part for the increase in number of buildings and decrease in the average value in the first three groups between 1930 and 1932. In 1932 the average school plant was valued at about $170,000. This valuation is double the average in 1922, although the increase in the number of plants was only 16.3 percent during the decade. The average building in group I with its grounds and equipment was valued at about $290,000; in group II, $190,000; in group III, $130,000; and in group IV, only $80,000. The value of school property per pupil in average daily attend¬ ance is given in table XXVI by groups and bienniums. Table XXVI. — Value of school properties per pupil in average daily attendance in city school systems, 1922-32 Year Group Total I II III IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 1922 _ $238 $280 $250 $204 $239 1924 _ 288 320 304 247 287 1926 _ 360 374 354 286 349 1928 _ 393 399 377 320 375 1930 _ 428 419 390 333 399 1932 _ 445 437 338 319 409 The estimated value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance increased $170, or 71.1 percent, from 1922 to 1932. The increase from 1930 to 1932 amounted to $10 per pupil, or 2.7 percent. In cities of groups III and IV there was from 1930 to 1932 a decrease in the value of school property per pupil in aver¬ age daily attendance, amounting to 13.3 percent in group III and to 4.3 percent in group IV. NIGHT SCHOOLS In 1931-32 only 561, or about 18 percent, of the cities of the country reported night schools. Eighty, or 86 percent, of the cities of group I reported such schools; 156, or 66.1 percent, of group II; 214, or 30.7 percent, of group III; and 111, or 5.1 percent, of group IV, reported such schools. Of the total enrollment, 74.5 percent is in group I; 17.5 percent is in group II; 5.7 percent in group III; and 2.3 percent, is in group IV. The peak of the night-school movement from 1922 to 1932 was reached in 1928 with respect to the number of cities reporting such schools; and in 1930, with respect to enrollment, the number of super¬ visors and teachers, and expenditures. From 1930 to 1932 the num¬ ber of cities reporting night schools decreased 15.5 percent, the enroll- CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 27 ment, 4.8 percent, the number of supervisors and teachers 1.2 per¬ cent, and the amount expended for such schools 21.9 percent. From table XXVII, which shows the number of cities reporting night schools, enrollments, teachers, and expenditures, 1922 to 1932, the fluctuations of night schools may be noted. If data for 1932-33 were available the decline from 1930 would doubtless be very marked, indeed. Table XXVII. — Night and Americanization schools in cities of 2,500 population or more, 1922-32 Year Number of school systems reporting Enroll¬ ment Number of super¬ visors, principals, and teach¬ ers Expendi¬ tures for cities re¬ porting this item 1 2 3 4 5 1922 __ __ . . . . 504 842, 863 993, 985 1, 038, 052 978, 471 21, 553 23,604 24,071 23, 675 $6, 413, 420 9, 496, 170 10, 682, 349 8, 342, 352 1928 711 1930 _ _ _ _ 664 1932 _ 561 SUMMER SCHOOLS Of the 3,158 city school systems in the country only 278, or 8.8 percent, reported summer schools in 1931-32. Fifty-seven, or 61.3 percent, of the cities of group I reported such schools; 89, or 37.3 percent, of group II; 84, or 12.8 percent, of group III; and only 48, or 2.2 percent, of group IV reported summer schools. The summer school movement reached its peak in 1928 with respect to the number of cities reporting such schools, and in 1930 with respect to the number of supervisors and teachers, enrollment, and expendi¬ tures. From 1930 to 1932 the number of cities reporting summer schools decreased 25.6 percent, the number of supervisors and teachers 8.4 percent, the enrollment 10.8 percent, and the expenditures 7 percent. Since the enrollment has decreased so much less than the number of school systems reporting, it is possible that there has been very little if any decrease in enrollments in the cities still maintaining their summer schools. Table XXVIII shows the number of cities reporting summer schools, enrollment, teachers, and expenditures, 1922 to 1932. Table XXVIII. — Summer schools in city school systems having a population of 2,500 or more, 1922-32 — All groups Year Number of city sys¬ tems re¬ porting Number of supervisors principals, and teach¬ ers Enroll¬ ment Total ex¬ pense for schools re¬ porting this item 1 2 3 4 5 1922 _ 231 9, 748 14, 377 14, 481 13, 253 280,507 456, 099 492, 638 439, 030 $1, 652, 981 3, 242, 665 4, 043, 433 3, 755, 821 1928 _ 447 1930 _ 374 1932 _ 278 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 SOME EFFECTS OF THE ECONOMIC SITUATION ON CITY SCHOOLS The effects of the depression began to be reflected in city school current expense budgets between 1930 and 1932, or several years after it began to be felt by the industrial and commercial world. However, it should be remembered that it was also several years after the begin¬ ning of the prosperous years before the prosperity of the Nation was reflected in the schools. The question may be raised whether the effects of the depression were not felt by the schools sooner than the effects of rising prices during and after the World War. Both in periods of business prosperity and in periods of business depression the schools do not feel the effects at once. As may be noted in the foregoing sections of this report, general reduction in school expense began some time between 1930 and 1932. The average reduction was not great, but by referring to table XIV it may be noted that in some cities the cost per pupil in average daily attendance was much less in 1932 than in 1930. Since city school statistics are collected by the Office of Education every 2 years and in even numbered years, no data are at hand to compare expenses in 1933 with similar expenses in 1930 and 1932. However, in the fall of 1932 the Office of Education sent an inquiry form to all cities having a population of 2,500 or more requesting figures on budgets for current expenses, teachers’ salaries, and capital outlay for the years 1930-31, 1931-32, and 1932-33. The data furnished by about 1,095 cities were compiled and published in Circu¬ lar No. 79, Some Effects of the Economic Situation on City Schools. In order to supplement the data presented in the foregoing sections of this report, some of the data supplied regarding school budgets for 193.1-32 and 1932-33 are presented herewith. Current expense budget. — From 1931-32 to 1932-33 the paring down of school budgets began in earnest. The depression was making itself felt in the current expense budget in all groups of cities and in all sections of the country as may be noted in table XXIX. Table XXIX. — Percentage of change in budgets for current expenses in city schools from 1931-32 to 1932-33 Region Size of city Average for all cities Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 North Atlantic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ -1.9 -6.0 -4.7 -6.3 -3.0 North Central _ _ _ _ .......... _ -10.5 -8.9 -9.7 -11.0 -10.1 South Atlantic _ _ -8.3 —7.6 -10.6 -7.5 -8.3 South Central _ _ _ _ _ -17.9 -3.5 -18.0 -13.0 -15.6 Western _ _ ... ... . . . ... -13.9 -11.9 -12.9 -10.8 -13.1 United States _ _ ... . . ... .. _ . -5.7 -7.7 -8.7 -9.3 -6.8 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 29 The greatest reduction was in group III in the South Central States, amounting to 18 percent. The least reduction was 1.9 per¬ cent in group I of the North Atlantic States. Considering the aver¬ age for all cities by geographical divisions, the greatest decrease, 15.6 percent, was in the South Central States, and the least, 3 percent, was in the North Atlantic States. If data for individual States are examined in table XXXV extreme cases of budget reduction will be found. The cities of one State re¬ ported a 29 percent decrease in 1932-33, and those of another a 25 percent decrease. Four others show reductions ranging from 15 to 20 percent. In 19 other States the average decrease ranges from 10 to about 15 percent. In other words, the cities in 25 States have within a year reduced their school budget for current expenses from 10 to about 30 percent. Teachers’ salary budget. — Table XXX shows that the allotment of the current expense budget for teachers’ salaries averaged 5 percent less in 1932-33 than in 1931-32. The median decrease was, however, 7.5 percent. The South Central States had the greatest average decrease, 15 percent, and the North Atlantic States the least, 0.7 percent. The percent of reduction for the country as a whole increases as the size of the city decreases. Table XXX. — Percentage of change in budgets for teachers’ salaries in city school systems from 1931-32 to 1932-33 Region Size of city Average for all cities Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 9 3 4 5 6 North Atlantic.. . . . . . . . . .. -0.5 +0.5 -3.7 -1.5 -0.7 North Central _ _ _ -12.3 -9. 1 -8.1 -10.4 -10.3 South Atlantic _ _ _ . .. _ -2.9 -7.8 -12.2 -7.9 -5.2 South Central . ... _ . _ -17.7 -2.6 -14.9 -14.1 -15.1 Western.. - - - - -12.7 -11.2 -12.0 -13.3 -12.3 United States _ _ -4.2 -4.7 -7.6 -7.7 -5.0 Since the national, regional, and even the State averages do not show the extent to which budgets for teachers’ salaries have been cut in individual cities, calculations were made for each city reporting in order to show for each group the number of cities that have within the past year changed their salary budgets by certain percentages and in order to show the extremes of decrease and of increase and also the central tendency. Table XXXII shows in percent the range, from the largest decrease to the largest increase, the upper and lower quar tiles and medians for each group of cities. While the range varies, the central tendency is much the same for all groups. This is especially true of the medians 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 varying only from a 6.5 percent decrease in cities of group II to a 7.9 percent decrease in cities of group IV. Table XXXI. — Change in budgets for teachers’ salaries by certain percentages from 1931-32 to 1932-33 Size of city Number of cities showing Total report¬ ing Total existing Decreases Increases 40 to 43 percent 30 to 39.9 per¬ cent 20 to 29.9 per¬ cent 10 to 19.9 per¬ cent 0.1 to 9.9 per¬ cent 0.1 to 9.9. per¬ cent 10 to 18.9 per¬ cent 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Group I - - - 0 1 4 7 21 9 0 42 93 Group II - - - 0 0 5 30 43 24 1 103 234 Group III _ 0 3 17 87 126 39 3 275 675 Group IV - - 1 18 53 190 277 103 13 655 2, 166 Total _ 1 22 79 314 467 175 17 1, 075 3, 165 It may be noted that one fourth of the cities reporting have de¬ creased their salary budgets from 12.6 to 43 percent, that one half of them have decreased the budget from 1.8 to 12.6 percent, and the remaining fourth made reductions of less than 1 .8 percent or increases up to 18.9 percent. The median for all cities, including those that increased their salary budgets, shows that one half of them have made reductions amounting to more than 7.5 percent. Table XXXII. — Range of decrease or increase in percents in budgets for teachers’ salaries , 1931-32 to 1932-33 Size of city Largest decrease Qi (de¬ crease) Median (decrease) Average (decrease) Qs (de¬ crease) Largest increase Group I _ 37.7 11.7 7.6 4.2 0.8 9.0 Group II _ _ 29.5 11.4 6.5 4.7 .2 11.0 Group III . . . 38.6 13.1 7.3 7.6 2.2 14.4 Group IV. - - 43.0 12.7 7.9 7.7 2.0 18.9 Total _ _ ... _ _ _ 43.0 12.6 7.5 5.0 1.8 18.9 Table XXXIII shows by States the percentage changes in the budget for teachers’ salaries in cities from 1931-32 to 1932-33 from the largest increase to the largest decrease. Since the data given in table XXXIII are based upon budgets and not upon individual salaries, they do not show fully the actual cuts in salaries. No data were collected to show to what extent teachers are returning a portion of their salaries to their boards of education nor to what extent warrants are being discounted. If data on these points were available they would doubtless show that the actual income of teachers has been reduced much more than the percentages in the tables on salary budgets indicate. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 31 Table XXXIII. — Percentage changes in budgets for teachers 1 salaries in cities from 1931—32 to 1932—33: Extreme ranges and median State Number of cities re¬ porting Decreases Largest increase 1 Largest Median ‘ 2 3 4 5 United States _ _ . . . _ 1, 075 43.0 7.5 18.9 North Atlantic division _ _ 340 35.3 1.3 18.9 North Central division . __ _ _ _ _ 406 38.9 9.8 17.4 South Atlantic division _ _ . . 69 30.7 7.9 9.4 127 37. 7 12. 9 8. 6 Western division . _ 133 43.0 io!o 17! 1 North Atlantic division: Maine. . _ . . . . . . . . 9 35.3 3.5 1.2 New Hampshire . . _ _ 5 10.8 6.7 6.2 Vermont _ _ _ _ _ _ . 6 12. 1 3.4 2.6 Massachusetts... _ _ _ 44 13.5 .4 7.2 Rhode Island . . . . . . . 8 12.8 7.1 1.8 Connecticut . . . . . 9 13.9 6.5 2.2 New York .. . . . ... . _ _ 82 18.9 .3 18.9 New Jersey _ ... . . . . . . . 56 14.2 1.8 9.4 Pennsylvania _ _ 121 21.0 1.8 15.1 North Central division: Ohio. .... . . -. .. _ _ _ 65 30.8 7.2 14.4 Indiana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 20.3 9.0 .8 Illinois . .. _ _ _ _ 69 37.4 11.9 .9 Michigan... _ _ ... - 49 38.4 12.7 17.4 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ 42 27.5 5.5 10.8 Minnesota . . . . ... - ... 29 15.9 6.9 6.7 Iowa . . .. _ _ _ _ 26 22.6 10.1 -2.5 Missouri - - ... - - - 24 24.0 10.4 1.1 North Dakota . - - - 4 13.8 12.0 -10.5 South Dakota _ . _ ... _ 11 17.0 9.9 .7 Nebraska.. _ ... _ _ 11 17.7 8.9 -2.1 Kansas. . . . . . 32 38.9 11.0 9.0 South Atlantic division: Maryland .. . _ _ .. . . . . 3 5.6 3.5 2.7 District of Columbia _ 1 6.3 6.3 6.3 Virginia . _ _ . .. . . . . . . 15 27.1 7.5 9.4 West Virginia _ _ _ . . - 15 26.8 12.9 -3.4 North Carolina . . . . . . 14 19.4 2.4 7.9 South Carolina - - ------- — . . . 5 16.7 13.4 -6.5 Georgia . . . .... .... 11 17.2 7.9 -2.4 Florida . . _ _ .. - 5 30.7 10.9 -9.0 South Central division: Kentucky _ . . - - . . - - 11 26.4 12.4 1.3 Tennessee.. _ _ . . . 10 22.6 12.2 -.4 Alabama . . . _ _ 14 25.0 11.2 -1.5 Mississippi _ . ... . . . . . 6 27.2 7.4 -4.2 Louisiana. _ . .. . ... ... . . .. . 5 29.8 17.4 1.9 Texas ..... .. .. - - . ... . .. .. 44 37.7 10.7 8.6 Arkansas _ . .. ... -... - - ... 13 31.3 19.4 -8.8 Oklahoma _ _ _ _ _ . - 24 33.0 16.7 -5.4 Western division: Montana _ _ _ _ _ . . - 9 19.4 10.4 -4.1 Wyoming.. - - - .. . . . . 6 16.0 11.5 -7.3 Colorado ... _ _ .... .. - - ... 16 26.7 9.7 4.3 New Mexico _ .... - . ------ 6 26.9 20.4 -10. 1 Arizona. . ... - - . - -. - 6 38.4 17.4 -7.3 Utah _ _ - 6 24.8 9.4 -5.2 Idaho _ ... -. _ _ _ . . .. 10 12.0 8.4 -2.1 Washington . . . . . ... - .. 24 43.0 10.4 1.1 Oregon. _ _ ... ... . . . . 11 33.0 16.9 -4.9 California-- .. _ _ ... - - - ... 33 19.3 5.4 17. 1 i Smallest decreases indicated by — . Budget for capital outlay. — The reduction in capital outlay began several years before the reduction in current expenses. Part of this reduction was undoubtedly due to the fact that some of the cities had completed most of their school-building programs by the time the depression began. From 1930-31 to 1932, budgets for capital 182163°— 33 - 3 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 outlay were reduced 28.4 per cent; from 1931-32 to 1932-33 they were reduced 41.4 per cent. The greatest reduction during the latter year was in the South Central States, averaging 54 percent. Table XXXIV. — Percentage of change in budget for capital outlay in city school systems from 1931-32 to 1932-33 Region Size of city Average for all cities Group I Group II Group III Group IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 North Atlantic.. - - - North Central _ _ ... ... -46.7 -40.2 -48.0 -62.1 -40.7 -50.4 -50.3 i +35. 4 -.9 -60.5 -20.5 -34.5 -11.2 -61. 1 -56.3 -24.2 -26.7 -3.4 -35.9 -30.1 -42.5 -38.0 -34.7 -54. 1 -44.5 South Atlantic _ . . South Central _ . Western... _ _ _ United States — _ ..... - -46.8 -49.4 -31.0 -24.4 -41.4 1 One of the cities in Virginia spent nothing for capital outlay in 1931-32, but budgeted $100,000 for 1932-33. Table XXXIV shows that the changes in the budget for capital outlay in 1932-33 vary greatly among the States, ranging from 5.6 percent in one State to 96.2 percent in another. The capital out¬ lay was decreased by more than 50 percent in 18 States, from 30 to 50 percent in 11 States, from 10 to 30 percent in 11 States, and by less than 10 percent in 5 States for the year 1932-33. Table XXXV. — Percentage of change in certain factors affecting city schools from 1931-32 to 1932-33 Division and States Number of cities report¬ ing Budget for current expenses Budget for teachers’ salaries Budget for capital outlay Assessed valua¬ tion Enroll¬ ment first month Number of teach¬ ers first month 1! 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 United States _ 1,095 -6.8 -5.0 -41.4 -7.1 +1.3 -2.5 North Atlantic Division _ . 359 -3.0 -0.7 -42.5 -4.4 +2.0 -1.4 North Central Division _ 400 -10. 1 -10.3 -38.0 -12.4 +0.5 -3.4 South Atlantic Division _ _ 73 —8.3 -5. 2 -34. 7 -6.2 +0.6 -0.3 South Central Division. . . . 129 -15.6 -15. 1 -54. 1 -10.2 +0.8 -3.0 Western Division . . 134 -13. 1 -12.3 -44.5 -14.0 +2.2 -3.8 North Atlantic Division: Maine 10 —14.3 -8.9 -8.8 -0.1 +3.0 +2.5 -3.6 New Hampshire. .. 5 -4.3 -4.6 -8.5 -1.5 -3.0 Vermont. . . 7 -6.7 -4.2 -10.6 -0.9 +1.2 -4.1 Massachusetts _ .... 49 —6.6 +1.9 -8.0 -58.3 -0.9 +2.0 -0.8 Rhode Island 9 -8.7 -20.2 -6. 1 +2.5 -2.0 Connecticut . . 10 —4.9 -3.9 -66.0 -1.0 +2.6 -1.8 New York 88 —2. 1 —0.9 -29.9 -6. 1 +3.6 -0.3 New Jersey 62 —2.2 —1.6 -19.0 -0.4 +2.9 +0.7 —2. 1 Pennsylvania _ ... . 119 —2.7 +0.3 —7.6 -47.9 -0.6 -1.8 North Central Division: Ohio. _ ... 68 —7.0 —31.0 -11.7 -0.4 -3.9 Indiana _ ... . _ 43 —9.7 —10.2 —53.4 -17.4 -0.3 -2.5 Illinois _ _ 72 -9.2 —12.0 -29.3 -5.5 +1.2 +0.7 +2.0 +1.3 +0.8 +0.2 +0.1 -0.2 -4.3 Michigan _ _ 46 —17.9 -16.8 —30.5 -11.4 -5.4 Wisconsin _ _ 40 -7. 1 —9.0 —47. 2 -10.3 —1.5 Minnesota _ 28 — 10.3 —11. 8 —45. 5 -4.5 —1.8 Iowa _ _ 27 —8. 5 —7. 7 —56.9 -1.3 —3.2 Missouri . . . 21 — 10. 5 —11.0 — 19. 6 -8. 7 -3.3 North Dakota. . 4 — 14. 9 — 12. 2 —40. 2 -26.9 -4. 1 South Dakota _ 9 —11. 0 — 10. 3 —57. 2 —5. 3 -2.4 Nebraska. . . 11 — 11. 6 -7.9 —65. 7 — 14. 6 -0.4 —3.6 Kansas . 31 —8. 3 -2.3 -51.2 -25.6 +1.2 -3.3 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 33 Table XXXV. — Percentage of change in certain factors affecting city schools from 1931-32 to 1932-33— Continued Division and States Number of cities report¬ ing Budget for current expenses Budget for teachers’ salaries Budget for capital outlay Assessed valua¬ tion Enroll¬ ment first month Number of teach¬ ers first month • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 South Atlantic Division: Maryland . 3 -5.4 -4.9 -47.4 -2.4 +4.8 -1.0 1 —4. 1 —6.3 -48.3 +2.1 -1.2 +2.7 -0.9 Virginia 16 -5.7 -6. 1 i +156. 4 West Virginia _ _ 17 -12.3 -17. 1 -5.9 -10.1 -0.5 -2.4 North Carolina _ .. _ 15 -6.7 -8.7 -76.2 -2.3 +2.1 +1.0 South Carolina... . 6 -12.2 -12. 1 -61. 1 -3.7 +3.0 -2.7 Georgia _ .. _ 10 -7.6 —6. 5 -9.7 +3.7 -1.2 Florida _ 5 -11. 1 -15.5 -36. 1 -19.1 +0.3 -2.2 South Central Division: Kentucky. _ . .. 11 -8.4 -7.2 -25.2 -3.0 +1.8 -1.7 Tennessee _ _ .. 11 -11.2 -10.6 -35.7 -4.9 -1. 1 -4.5 Alabama _ _ 14 -11.7 -10.2 -5.6 -10.2 +1.8 -0.7 Mississippi.. . _ 9 -29.0 -27.8 —5. 9 -12.6 -1.0 -4.7 Louisiana . 5 -14.2 -16.4 -96.2 -13.1 +1.0 -3.2 Texas . . . 42 -18.3 -17.8 -54.8 -8.8 +1.8 -2.9 Arkansas... . . . 13 -12.9 -16.8 -91. 1 -10.2 -0.6 -6.0 Oklahoma... . . . _ 24 -20.2 -19.8 -54.9 -19. 1 -2.2 -4.9 Western Division: Montana _ _ 10 -7.9 -12.1 -66.7 -5.4 -5.0 -6.5 Wyoming _ ... _ _ 6 -11.5 -11.2 -11.2 -6.5 +1.0 -5.8 Colorado _ .. _ 16 -10.6 -9.8 -23.5 -9.8 +2.1 -4. 1 New Mexico. ..... 5 -18.8 -19.2 -78.3 -3.5 -0.4 -8.2 Arizona _ . .... _ 6 -25.3 -24.3 -77.6 -22.3 -7.1 -16.9 Utah _ 6 -8.4 -8.3 -23.6 -4.0 +0.2 -2.2 Idaho. _ ... . . 10 -7.0 -7.2 -44. 1 -3.8 +1.1 -4.0 Washington.. . . 24 -14.4 -13.1 -29.6 -18.5 -1.0 -7.5 Oregon. .. . . . ... 10 -14. 1 -15.9 -60.2 -1.8 -0.6 -9.7 California . ... _ . . 41 -13.7 -12.6 -51.0 -15.7 +4.0 -2.3 1 One of the cities in Virginia spent nothing on capital outlay in 1931-32, but budgeted $100,000 for 1932-33. THE EFFECT OF REDUCED SCHOOL BUDGETS The reduction in budgets naturally had serious effects on the schools. Fewer teachers were employed in spite of the fact that the enrollment increased. In some cities the school term was shortened. Textbooks and other educational supplies were curtailed. Very few cities reported that they are building new classrooms. Of 1,266 cities furnishing information, only 70, or 5.5 percent, reported that new classrooms were under construction, the total number of such reported being only about 2,000. Many pupils were reported attending school part time or housed in portable buildings because of lack of school buildings. A fact of significance to be noted is that many pupils on part time and in portables were in cities in which no new classrooms were being built. Data for 466, or 47.5 percent, of the cities having a population of 10,000 or more were analyzed, and it was found that there were about 35,000 children on part time and about 33,000 housed in portables in those cities in which no school buildings were under construction. 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 One of the most serious effects of the depression on the schools has been the elimination or curtailment of highly essential activities and services. The elimination and curtailments include: (1) Whole schools and classes for special purposes, such as kindergarten, night, continuation, and summer schools, and schools and classes for handi¬ capped children; (2) staffs for specialized services, such as those for supervision and health; and (3) certain fields of instruction, such as music, art, home economics, manual training, and physical education. In brief, some of the most essential services and subjects of instruction are disappearing from the schools. The necessity for readjustment may result in some good to the schools if the opportunity is seized to study the whole educational program from bottom to top to see what should remain and what should be eliminated, not merely for financial reasons but in order that an educational program may be developed to meet the needs of the indi¬ vidual and of society more nearly than does the present program. Simply lopping off here and there indiscriminately may result in a distorted school system. The world is changing; the schools must also change, since new and greater demands will be made of them. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 35 Table 1. — Comparative summary of school statistics for the 4 groups of cities of 2,500 population and more for the school year 1931-32 Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, cities of cities of cities of cities of Groups I Item 100,000 30,000 to 10,000 to 2,500 to to IV com¬ population 99,999 pop¬ 29,999 pop¬ 9,999 pop¬ bined and more ulation ulation ulation * 9 3 4 5 6 I. — Total population, attendance, and personnel in city public schools Total population (census of 1930) . _ _ 36, 325, 736 93 11, 385, 363 236 10, 706, 229 672 10, 546, 171 2,157 68, 963, 499 3, 158 City school systems reporting.-. _ Superintendents and assistant superintend- ents.. _ _ _ _ .. .. 374 313 698 2,172 3,557 Day schools: Supervisors and principals _ _ 9, 344 27, 173 155, 300 4,279 9,692 4,550 9, 721 60,260 3, 613 12,837 69, 344 21, 786 Teachers: Men _ . .. ..... _ _ 59,423 345, 039 Women.. _ _ _ _ _ . . 60,135 Enrollment: Boys. _ ... . .. . . . .. 3, 193, 340 3, 073, 771 995, 417, 483 5, 408, 416 184 1, 125, 551 1, 095, 598 347, 568, 165 1, 918, 070 181 1, 161, 700 1, 134, 411 357, 949, 545 1, 993, 009 180 1, 339, 409 6, 820, 000 6, 634, 582 2, 110, 366, 575 11,626, 095 182 Girls _ _ . _ _ ... 1, 330, 802 409, 431, 382 2, 306, 600 178 Aggregate days’ attendance.. .. Average daily attendance . . . . Average length of school year (days) _ Average days attended per pupil enrolled. Number of schools.. . . _ _ 159 12, 297 8, 334 156 6, 109 4, 345 156 7,492 6,007 153 10, 675 9,077 157 36, 573 27, 763 Number of school buildings.. . ... Part-time and continuation schools: Supervisors, principals, and teachers . .. Student enrollment _ _ _ . 1,767 158, 475 856 34,205 191 8,284 40 1,604 2,854 202,568 Night schools and Americanization classes: Supervisors, principals, and teachers... Student enrollment- . . . . . 16,045 729, 828 4,767 171,900 2,151 56,830 712 19, 913 23, 675 978, 471 Summer schools: Supervisors, principals, and teachers . . Student enrollment _ _ _ 10,273 358, 673 1,856 55,704 862 19, 685 262 4,968 13,253 439, 030 II. — Expenditures Day schools: General control. _ . . ... $19, 573, 936 $6, 306, 713 $7, 053, 427 $10, 856, 606 $43, 790, 682 Salaries and expenses of supervisors and principals _ .. . _ .. . . 43, 109, 073 418, 406, 096 13, 244, 788 123, 907, 478 11, 635, 109 105, 523, 483 7, 530, 254 108, 221, 047 75, 519, 224 756, 058, 104 Salaries of teachers _ _ ... . _ Educational supplies and other expenses of instruction _ _ _ ... . _ _ . 20, 536, 867 55, 800, 999 7, 399, 013 19, 775, 782 6, 555, 214 18, 590, 832 6, 629, 289 18, 821, 687 41, 120, 383 112,989, 300 Operation of school plant. ... ... . Maintenance (repairs and replacements) of school plant. .. _ .. _ 22, 913, 004 5, 945, 260 5, 282, 103 5, 273, 097 39, 413, 464 Coordinate activities and auxiliary agencies _ __ 19, 249, 423 6, 079, 757 5, 671, 377 7, 777, 902 38, 778, 459 Fixed charges (pensions, rent, insurance, etc.).... . . . . 21, 622, 835 3, 442, 303 3, 179, 360 3, 476, 199 31, 720, 697 Total current expenditures _ 621, 212, 233 186, 101, 094 163, 490, 905 168, 586, 081 1, 139, 390, 313 Part-time and continuation schools (total cost).. _ _ _ ...... . . 6, 474, 280 1, 493, 962 324,085 50,025 8, 342, 352 Night schools and Americanization classes (total cost) .. _ _ _ _ 8, 604, 237 3, 219, 275 79, 586, 480 61, 181, 964 1, 424, 213 360, 043 24, 366, 956 19, 628, 073 411,442 144, 133 117,040 32, 370 15, 368, 725 14, 556, 577 10, 556, 932 3, 755, 821 134, 926, 892 112,051,977 Summer schools (total cost) . _ _ Capital outlay .. . . _ 15, 604, 731 16, 685, 363 Interest on indebtedness (current funds only). All other expenses of debt service (current funds only) _ _ ... _ _ _ .. 72, 425, 132 23, 966, 161 22, 765, 886 17, 528, 376 136, 685, 555 Grand total expenditures _ 852, 703, 601 257, 340, 502 219, 426, 545 216, 239, 194 1, 545, 709, 842 III.— Bonds and sinking funds ( thousands of dollars) School bonds outstanding at close of year. ... 1, 287, 930 409, 087 342, 395 309, 821 2, 349, 233 Balance in school sinking funds at close of year¬ 87, 042 19, 232 14, 721 9, 944 130, 939 ly.— Value of school property Total value of school property (thousands of dollars). . . . . . . 2,405,253 837,529 775,344 736, 911 4, 755, 037 Value of school property per pupil in average daily attendance . . . _ _ $445 $437 $338 $319 $409 Table 2. — Combined summary of personnel and attendance in city public schools , 1931-32, for all cities of 2,500 population and more 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Summer schools Enroll¬ ment C© 439, 030 1,232 1,184 223 55, 512 3, 335 8, 066 7, 872 555 36, 893 11, 754 2,561 3,127 540 275 8, 487 23, 585 14, 696 11,648 316 15, 570 668 Super¬ visors, princi¬ pals, and teachers - 13,253 55 28 9 1,549 94 157 273 8 1,090 337 90 105 23 h as to T*coi^c*ao r- 1 cC CO (MOHCCCS t-h 05 • O rHCONCON oo oo o »o (N^-HNCSH GO GO u- CO O N CO (M H CO CO GO *0 *0 O CO CO 00 OO COHW'tO 05 TjH CO CO OOTt<(X)CO lO GO 00 CO CO GO ^ o COrHC^fcOCO CO CilOT}? T rH C 1-1 OO CO HMOMN CO 00 (OhN COMOir-lOO lO r-l ^ i^i CM CO >0<0 CMCfcOJOO® irj CM CM CM r-NWNH State - Continental United States. . Alabama . . . Arizona . ... _ Arkansas. . . . California . _ Colorado. .. _ .. Connecticut _ Delaware - District of Columbia. Georgia _ .. .. Trlnhn Illinois __ _ Indiana . . . Iowa _ . .. Kansas _ Kentucky _ . Maine _ _ . Maryland _ _ Massachusetts _ _ Michigan. ... Minnesota.. . Mississippi . . Missouri ... _ Montana _ CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 37 e :ili =iisi sgll 111 I Sill : §“- E £ 5 3 g|S gSSgg §g$8§ g£|S H T* ~ 1 <3>C£tH gCOW^H C^jO^J^TfH il J 00 80, 977 ' to j csf S2 : — * oo ; | 1 I 8 K of s a ja CO j 3 j ss j ! io 1 o ^ 8 i is g ; ! CO * ■§1111 111*5 SkIj §*2S8 §2*88 « ~ 8§§ss gss*g 111; SS^cSSS |g£2ge S|§522 353;: S°2£2 ggSgg 8g®82 $85523 iJHI llm ZZZZZ ,Jl ill ilfi 22ZOO j|j| ,s|a5 1111 §li It |||£ erp» 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 3. — Combined summary of expenditures, value of school properties , number 2,500 population State Population Num¬ ber of schools Num¬ ber of school build¬ ings Value of school properties (thousands of dollars) Salaries (< Supervisors and princi¬ pals lay schools) Teachers * 2 3 4- 5 6 7 Continental United States. 58, 963, 499 36, 573 27, 763 4, 756, 037 $75, 519, 224 $756, 058, 104 Alabama. .. _ 744, 273 369 335 32,860 388, 421 4, 184, 061 Arizona _ ... . .. 149, 856 148 113 10, 072 260, 880 2, 137, 573 Arkansas _ . 382, 878 374 344 18, 786 251, 468 2, 344, 054 California _ .. ... . 4,031,063 2,477 2,405 350, 316 5, 598, 043 59, 956, 561 Colorado. _ 519, 882 372 266 38, 486 697, 267 6, 715, 292 Connecticut _ 1, 205, 779 725 507 92, 885 1,578,631 14, 304, 191 Delaware _ 123, 146 56 37 8, 020 126, 745 1, 263, 763 District of Columbia. _ 486, 869 229 171 29,000 587, 608 6,369,080 Florida.. _ _ 759, 778 517 470 56, 478 640, 800 6, 036, 628 Georgia . . 905, 707 616 503 30, 548 493, 155 5, 932, 389 Idaho _ _ _ _ 129, 489 112 110 8,614 141, 672 1, 630, 511 Illinois . . 5, 641,127 2,034 1, 484 348, 169 3, 788, 386 51, 351, 390 Indiana.. . _ . 1, 795, 892 994 722 112, 370 2, 038, 654 17, 721, 575 Iowa... . . 979, 292 954 579 67, 133 1,082,752 10,090, 426 Kansas _ _ 729, 834 675 469 48, 170 744, 183 8, 013, 432 Kentucky.. .. _ 799, 026 457 345 35,981 638, 410 5, 262, 140 Louisiana. . . 833, 532 372 286 34, 512 455, 164 5, 370, 538 Maine _ ... 332, 183 405 360 17, 536 189, 824 2, 577, 564 Maryland... . . 974, 869 364 247 47, 598 764, 186 7,889,811 Massachusetts _ _ 3, 834, 426 2,594 1,949 264, 079 4, 499, 708 43, 147, 796 Michigan . . 3, 318, 140 1,787 1,085 286, 341 3, 764, 190 34, 690, 741 Minnesota . . . 1, 257, 616 990 656 101, 895 1, 381, 807 15, 016, 908 Mississippi _ . 338, 850 257 203 14, 831 179, 936 1, 921, 055 Missouri. . . 1,859, 119 931 666 109, 658 1, 751, 634 16, 673, 166 Montana _ _ _ 181,036 135 125 11, 869 228, 310 1, 856, 431 Nebraska _ _ 482, 448 429 273 42, 506 536, 369 5, 392, 762 Nevada _ . ... 34, 464 30 23 1,460 26, 100 456, 326 New Hampshire _ _ 273, 079 240 180 13, 499 181, 202 1, 978, 592 New Jersey . . 3, 358, 936 1, 724 1,092 273, 138 4, 870, 937 48, 300, 684 New Mexico _ .. 106, 816 103 87 5,804 143, 105 1, 053, 108 New York _ .. 10, 524, 391 3,434 2, 070 817,646 17, 521, 090 151, 717, 631 North Carolina _ 809, 847 440 417 51, 360 373, 460 5,885,967 North Dakota . . 113, 576 82 66 6, 328 91, 116 1,125,283 Ohio . . 4, 493, 868 2,080 1, 551 322, 415 4, 024, 752 47, 247, 107 Oklahoma . . 821, 681. 586 513 48, 127 708, 067 7, 457, 135 Oregon _ 489, 746 257 224 34, 331 569, 965 5, 511, 816 Pennsylvania _ 6, 537, 245 2,941 2,485 466, 191 6, 419, 071 68, 484, 474 Rhode Island... _ 635, 429 445 342 38, 043 559, 880 6, 158, 994 South Carolina... ... 367, 865 261 216 19, 142 195, 101 2, 980, 268 South Dakota . . 130, 907 138 96 10, 173 148, 048 1, 608, 018 Tennessee _ 896, 538 402 352 29,988 397,916 5, 551, 120 Texas _ 2, 395, 433 1,384 1,288 126,006 2, 244, 822 19, 866, 870 Utah _ 266, 264 156 156 17, 453 279, 424 3, 039, 949 Vermont _ .. .. 125, 784 112 94 5, 977 91, 347 938, 602 Virginia . . 785, 537 393 316 38, 196 668,068 6, 189, 339 Washington... . . 884, 539 435 407 55, 705 1, 094, 543 9, 836, 291 West Virginia . 491, 504 445 395 38,444 491, 244 5, 698, 413 Wisconsin . . . 1,553, 843 1,034 598 111, 509 1, 491, 621 15, 989, 779 Wyoming _ 70, 097 78 85 6, 389 120, 142 1, 132, 500 Total cost of part- time and continua¬ tion schools $8, 342, 352 1,375 1,935 857, 113 160, 269 2,372 517, 763 7, 820 28, 319 1, 416 10,230 664, 337 356, 783 2, 653 23, 131 2,138 397, 056 3,244,096 59, 485 17, 519 573, 346 10, 826 18," 327 2,400 41, 216 1,326,516 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 39 of schools and school buildings in city 'public-school systems, 1931-32 , for all cities of and more Total cost Total cost of summer schools Total cur- Debt service (current funds only) Capital outlay Grand total of night schools rent ex¬ penses Interest All other debt service expendi¬ tures State 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 $10, 556, 932 $3. 755, 821 $1,162,045,418 $112, 051, 977 $136, 685, 555 $134, 926, 892 $1,545,709,842 Continental U.S. 26, 620 9,057 5, 620, 783 709, 365 529,407 189, 793 7, 049, 348 Alabama. 6, 491 4, 462 3, 205, 753 308,393 331, 882 78,383 3, 924, 411 Arizona. 1,992 3, 436, 405 597,866 510,426 396, 829 4,941,526 Arkansas. 1, 804, 019 275, 740 93, 373, 859 7, 940, 229 6, 212, 193 11, 367, 573 118, 893, 854 California. 62,896 16,748 10, 125, 870 790,396 541,465 405, 630 11, 863, 361 Colorado. 328, 985 32,881 22, 019, 058 1, 799, 598 2, 297, 510 1, 002, 343 27, 118, 509 Connecticut. 34, 650 93, 873 34,007 1, 895, 476 9, 959, 900 8, 441, 351 7, 987, 614 65, 674 1, 838, 317 505,264 85,179 1, 969, 376 657, 659 1,000,094 4, 456, 171 346, 555 122, 655 3, 046, 423 14, 416, 071 12, 595, 599 9, 273, 192 Delaware. Dist. of Columbia. Florida. 71, 401 5,869 Georgia. 1, 114 2, 529, 057 229, 170 432,299 48,669 3, 239, 195 Idaho. 660,881 568,412 80, 713, 673 7, 674, 975 11, 376, 757 3, 106, 738 8, 810, 352 108, 575, 757 Illinois. 140, 988 83, 035 26, 985, 897 1, 840, 327 2, 171, 035 34, 103, 997 Indiana. 14,309 14,831 15, 706, 436 1, 307, 047 1, 145, 540 1, 183, 836 1, 024, 187 19, 183, 210 Iowa. 40, 618 15,038 11, 943, 585 849, 216 945,460 14, 922, 097 Kansas. 7, 220 2,294 7. 821, 502 708,655 1, 103, 018 4, 311, 553 780, 469 10, 413, 644 Kentucky. 58, 193 . . 7, 728, 170 764,151 956, 736 13, 760, 610 Louisiana. 26, 650 400 3, 959, 431 243, 871 211, 197 751, 645 5, 166, 144 ! Maine. 115, 237 35, 757 12, 172, 133 1, 237, 485 834,008 847, 188 15, 090, 814 Maryland. 700,420 222,996 67, 289, 874 2, 713, 898 5, 940, 902 10, 878, 524 86, 823, 198 Massachusetts. 375, 925 132, 379 54,383,685 7, 360, 722 15, 484, 153 5, 096, 166 82, 324, 726 Michigan. 118, 425 63, 378 24, 513, 713 2, 443, 160 1, 245, 057 2, 724, 281 30,926, 211 Minnesota. 1, 137 5, 391 2, 692, 250 219, 056 221,660 37, 858 3, 170, 824 Mississippi. 275,200 195, 858 26, 104, 837 2, 008, 284 5, 254,912 3, 419, 764 36, 787, 797 Missouri. 1, 345 7, 650 3, 001, 499 298, 954 253, 477 67, 559 3, 621, 489 Montana. 19,499 507 8, 308, 816 733, 518 913, 742 54,305 223,429 741, 899 69,708 463, 363 543, 018 34,652 135, 027 10, 507, 475 892, 183 3, 974, 215 Nebraska. Nevada. 12, 815 2,235 3, 152, 396 New Hampshire. 884, 691 511, 469 75, 945, 543 8, 835, 547 6, 756, 330 9, 794, 925 101, 332, 345 New Jersey. 2, 147 270 1, 618, 711 150,409 183,000 190, 774 2, 142, 894 New Mexico. 2, 908,974 615, 567 234, 966, 878 22, 785, 945 23, 468, 494 824,342 27, 797, 631 309, 018, 948 New York. 6,388 3,796 7, 866, 893 1, 469, 673 403, 496 10, 564, 404 North Carolina. 2,580 2, 201 1, 746, 890 144, 113 288, 901 25, 475 2, 205, 379 North Dakota. 363, 170 287, 768 70, 838, 926 8, 963, 002 11, 013, 041 7, 004, 459 97, 819, 428 Ohio. 13, 370 300 10, 854, 568 1, 617, 080 1, 228, 546 578, 295 14, 278, 489 Oklahoma. 42,731 2,049 7, 975, 185 714, 132 877, 137 758, 717 10, 325, 171 Oregon. 744, 943 270, 541 107, 571, 487 10, 223, 509 14, 099, 017 15, 725, 261 147, 619, 274 Pennsylvania. 113,888 4,437 9, 490, 343 1, 144, 956 991,355 2, 530, 365 14, 157, 019 Rhode Island. 5.469 1, 874 3, 892, 730 471, 621 235,333 528,001 100, 379 4, 992, 731 South Carolina. 5, 162 2, 503, 782 7, 483, 231 322,350 248, 759 619, 141 3, 310, 224 South Dakota. 8,885 113,023 803,240 1, 917, 936 10, 823, 548 Tennessee. 96,304 27, 720 27, 799, 737 4, 238,580 2, 105, 168 2, 529, 355 36, 672, 840 Texas. 4, 910 2, 808 4, 482, 925 274,353 700, 117 258, 545 5, 715, 940 Utah. 12, 301 1, 537, 902 74,047 56, 005 36, 410 1, 704, 364 Vermont. 65,200 74, 619 8, 784, 103 817, 812 166, 877 284,329 10, 053, 121 Virginia. 60,402 14, 257 14, 523, 738 1, 091, 124 1, 154, 097 725,700 17, 494, 659 Washington. 12, 532 4. 291 8, 351, 779 516, 492 572, 445 293, 927 9, 734, 643 36, 917, 916 West Virginia. 198, 130 86,999 26, 201, 457 1, 712, 497 2, 766, 472 6, 237. 490 Wisconsin. 5,844 915 1, 802, 069 122,963 150, 750 144, 843 2, 220, 625 Wyoming. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — ( A ) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 C 7 8 9 10 11 12 Alabama 259, 678 177 3 69 184 1, 199 26, 365 26, 986 44, 542 10,098 California 142, 032 178 2 73 200 868 15,008 14, 136 24, 454 7,608 Los Angeles _ . 1, 238j 048 186 12 525 1, 766 8,045 153, 719 146, 421 238, 340 62, 625 4, 193 284, 063 191 3 102 224 1, 399 28, 047 26, 195 46, 818 13, 260 147, 995 185 2 59 158 14, 273 13, 727 23, 832 5, 103 San Francisco _ 634; 394 195 6 149 347 2,056 40, 567 38, 245 67, 377 13, 776 Colorado Denver _ 287, 861 181 4 77 164 1,246 26, 957 25, 940 43, 733 9, 560 Connecticut Bridgeport. ... 146, 716 177 2 52 79 825 14, 081 13, 390 24, 660 4, 353 Hartford - 164, 072 179 10 41 146 997 15, 830 15, 542 26, 551 12, 057 724 New Haven 162, 655 179 4 77 142 1, 052 18, 980 17, 037 31,704 496 Delaware Wilmington _ _ 106, 597 186 3 34 62 463 9, 229 8,796 15, 461 1, 126 District of Columbia Washington 486, 869 180 10 143 348 2,473 44, 736 46, 095 74, 104 Florida Jacksonville _ 129, 549 179 1 65 78 938 16, 727 17, 276 28, 293 4, 302 347 Miami 1 _ _ 110,637 176 1 36 107 772 16, 792 16, 554 24, 819 10, 279 177 Tampa 2 101, 161 180 1 35 72 616 12, 401 12, 332 20,183 4, 369 Georgia Atlanta _ . . . 270, 366 176 3 70 252 909 29, 066 32, 955 49, 393 5,959 277 Illinois Chicago . . 3, 376, 438 195 21 394 1, 821 11, 687 277, 957 255, 823 448, 814 27,340 251 Peoria. . 104, 969 185 1 26 69 397 8, 267 7, 976 13, 679 340 Indiana Evansville 102, 249 188 1 22 64 362 8,339 8, 101 13, 904 2,387 Fort Wayne 114, 946 177 1 36 108 489 9, 164 8, 651 15, 942 3, 416 Gary 100, 426 200 1 37 95 455 11, 141 10,747 3, 564 Indianapolis _ 364, 161 178 4 131 289 1, 577 32, 540 31,461 5^ 131 10, 762 470 South Bend 104, 193 200 2 26 90 470 9,504 9, 059 16, 186 3, 623 Iowa Des Moines 142, 559 177 3 48 115 753 16, 397 16, 324 27, 963 7,635 Kansas Kansas City 121, 857 175 2 29 83 555 13,048 12, 321 21, 793 1,809 Wichita.- .. 111, 110 177 1 17 101 607 11, 621 11,390 19, 454 1, 710 1 This report covers Dade County of which Miami’s population is almost 80 percent. 2 Estimated part of county system. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 41 Table 4. — (.4) Personnel, length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super- intend- .ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Kentucky Louisville _ 307, 745 172 4 87 209 1, 150 23, 616 23,349 38,609 9, 466 Louisiana New Orleans _ _ 458, 762 182 7 103 193 1, 642 34, 508 36, 476 56, 420 6, 140 152 Maryland Baltimore _ _ 804, 874 190 3 14 222 595 2, 932 63 392 60, 707 103, 830 27,129 794 Massachusetts Boston. ... 781, 188 182 7 170 748 3,242 74, 409 71, 258 123, 781 7,245 4, 017 Cambridge . 113, 643 167 2 35 100 612 8, 896 7, 956 14, 741 2,082 Fall River 115, 274 179 1 38 58 475 8, 527 8, 094 14, 789 2,731 Lowell.. . 100, 234 178 1 16 58 436 7, 779 7, 529 13, 298 1,079 Lynn 102, 320 178 2 28 75 437 8, 740 8,022 15, 218 3, 056 New Bedford 112, 597 188 2 44 57 523 9, 260 8,945 16, 197 2,690 Somerville 103, 908 177 2 23 88 519 8, 431 8, 080 14, 933 2, 403 Springfield 149, 900 180 2 57 144 804 15,200 14, 595 25, 304 2, 668 W orcester 195, 311 185 1 66 161 1, 018 17, 835 17, 728 32,023 1, 071 Michigan Detroit _ 1, 568, 662 177 6 264 1, 174 5, 763 124, 100 121, 197 229,161 70, 177 9,842 Flint.. . . . 156, 492 187 2 60 125 821 18, 002 17, 571 29,745 8,264 570 Grand Rapids _ 168, 592 189 2 58 186 812 14, 878 15, 031 25, 660 4, 108 Minnesota Duluth 101, 463 183 2 42 80 623 11,393 10, 551 19, 190 3,705 Minneapolis 464, 356 182 1 137 308 2, 320 45, 055 44, 978 78, 811 24, 118 St. Paul. 271, 606 185 4 77 155 1, 161 21, 006 20, 354 38,649 9, 546 Missouri Kansas City _ 399, 746 191 6 152 319 1, 661 35, 973 34, 854 59, 828 22, 761 6,498 St. Louis _ 821, 960 191 10 179 365 2, 363 51, 947 50, 381 96, 411 2,007 1, 210 Nebraska Omaha _ 214,006 183 3 66 109 1, 065 21, 432 20, 308 36, 567 9,111 735 New Jersey Camden. ... 118, 700 192 1 37 72 653 11,472 11,070 18, 750 4, 215 630 Elizabeth _ 114,589 177 1 45 120 532 9, 726 9,384 16, 498 6, 092 359 Jersey City _ 316, 715 181 3 71 184 1, 369 26, 307 24, 971 43, 511 15, 617 1, 661 Newark _ _ 442, 337 189 6 87 402 2,070 42, 934 40, 253 69, 358 21, 263 3, 905 Paterson . ... 138, 513 181 1 56 127 791 14,288 12, 875 23, 323 7,997 1,022 Trenton _ ... 123, 356 185 6 45 120 531 10, 813 10, 232 17, 848 8,111 879 New York Albany 127, 412 186 2 40 27 534 9,388 8, 865 15, 201 5, 839 Buffalo 573, 076 185 7 113 505 2,837 48, 319 44, 053 79,205 29, 011 Npw York 6, 930, 446 184 42 1, 720 5,052 27, 591 548, 289 526, 751 1, 000, 650 366, 907 Rochester _ 328, 132 184 4 89 424 1,585 28, 307 26, 932 46, 441 16, 917 767 Syracuse 209, 326 182 4 3 73 78 1,101 20, 137 19, 092 33, 400 9, 923 Utica 101, 740 185 2 28 50 539 9, 695 8,741 15, 771 1,668 Yonkers. . 134, 646 184 3 66 104 801 13, 135 12, 026 21, 789 10, 565 3 Includes 8 directors. 4 Statistics of 1930. 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (-A) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE— Continued A Super¬ intend- Teachers Enrollment City Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Average daily attend¬ ance > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ohio Akron . . 255, 040 159 2 52 181 1,268 28, 510 27, 797 50,385 Canton . . 104, 906 179 1 35 96 524 10, 877 10, 089 19, 692 Cincinnati _ 451, 160 184 3 106 338 1,692 31, 762 30, 519 53, 390 Cleveland _ 900, 429 183 5 270 788 3,649 83, 800 77, 249 139, 368 Columbus _ 290, 564 184 4 81 259 1, 146 23, 361 22, 770 41, 672 Dayton _ 200, 982 177 2 61 192 868 17, 584 25, 447 17, 536 32, 860 Toledo _ 290, 718 167 2 68 198 1, 247 24, 437 43, 797 Youngstown _ 170, 002 180 2 43 175 890 17, 975 16, 779 31, 468 Oklahoma Oklahoma City... 185, 389 174 1 59 123 865 21, 112 20,044 29, 539 Tulsa _ _ 141, 258 178 4 52 126 709 16, 276 16, 052 25, 792 Oregon Portland _ 301,815 191 4 71 218 1,377 28,814 28,036 46, 734 Pennsylvania Erie _ 115, 967 190 2 41 100 555 11, 162 10, 553 18, 443 Philadelphia _ 1, 950, 961 186 15 370 1,453 6,620 2,678 154, 052 151, 171 248, 064 Pittsburgh _ 669, 817 200 6 202 584 59, 023 56, 142 95, 825 Reading _ 111, 171 196 2 26 105 499 10, 134 9, 648 17, 257 Scranton . 143, 433 191 1 62 83 806 13, 941 13, 210 26, 731 Rhode Island Providence _ . 252, 981 182 8 75 222 1, 319 24,794 23, 488 39, 551 Tennessee Chattanooga s _ 119, 798 180 1 54 38 637 12, 042 12, 310 19,648 Knoxville _ 105, 802 178 1 32 69 519 10, 563 10, 660 17, 194 Memphis.. . . 253, 143 180 1 14 154 1,045 21, 388 22, 717 36,288 Nashville _ 153, 866 175 1 48 47 576 14, 921 15, 650 24,234 Texas Dallas _ 260, 475 175 4 53 159 1,208 26, 140 25, 660 41,400 El Paso _ _ 102, 421 179 3 30 66 699 9,811 9,391 18, 433 Fort Worth _ 163, 447 180 2 55 105 823 18, 395 17, 969 30, 202 Houston . . 292, 352 175 1 95 190 1, 493 31, 127 29, 748 49, 381 San Antonio _ 231, 542 176 6 61 121 1, 052 21, 307 20,406 34, 931 Utah Salt Lake City... 140, 267 179 4 49 119 928 17, 750 17,054 30,720 Virginia Norfolk.... . . 129, 710 181 1 38 57 712 13, 117 13, 265 24,861 Richmond.. . 182, 929 180 2 55 83 930 17, 292 17, 887 29, 962 Washington Seattle . . 365, 583 187 5 103 297 1,605 34,869 33, 792 57, 757 Spokane. _ 115, 514 181 2 52 117 555 11, 184 10,583 18,859 Tacoma _ _ 106, 817 182 3 31 93 499 10, 970 10, 425 18, 467 Wisconsin Milwaukee _ 578, 249 190 7 133 481 2, 091 45, 895 44, 045 76, 603 B School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol- Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) lars) 11 12 9, 662 5, 887 17, 715 24, 858 9,895 8,585 13, 701 2, 642 477 515 3, 043 2,517 3,122 967 153 7, 029 641 6, 377 1, 141 10, 077 5,285 70, 811 25, 075 6] 661 24,957 1, 971 142 768 14, 200 2,593 2,565 2,430 7,118 1,708 577 7,842 2,935 4, 672 12, 356 7, 456 275 535 934 1,122 689 4, 071 6,119 6, 189 11,469 1, 2, 116 423 10, 263 1 Statistics of 1930. Report for 1932 was received too late for tabulation. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 43 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term , and (B) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems , 1931-32 — Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Alabama 68, 202 176 2 24 31 319 5,861 5, 954 10, 184 66, 079 169 2 17 21 303 6,787 6,787 11, 625 2,275 Arizona Phoenix . 48, 118 178 1 20 3 262 5,648 5, 353 8, 105 1,629 264 Tucson . 32, 506 172 2 29 39 239 5,419 4, 961 8, 108 1,441 181 Arkansas Fort Smith _ 31, 429 177 1 12 23 167 3,657 3, 574 6, 347 944 Little Rock... 81, 679 176 2 30 47 375 8,236 8,035 13, 627 2,323 California Alameda . 35, 033 191 1 12 41 195 3, 764 3, 679 6, 026 1,409 Alhambra 35, 878 174 1 12 59 224 4,012 3, 840 6, 826 1,321 Berkeley _ - 82, 109 191 3 31 77 446 7, 943 7, 600 12, 532 2, 064 Fresno.. . 52, 513 179 2 24 90 381 7, 562 7, 213 13, 114 3, 835 Glendale . _ 62, 736 179 4 28 117 455 7,913 8, 142 13, 319 4,709 Pasadena. . _ 76, 086 177 2 36 211 692 10, 785 10, 214 18, 473 4, 169 Sanrampntn 93, 750 188 4 27 97 5a5 9, 577 11, 304 15, 754 5, 325 San Bernardino .. 37, 481 175 2 25 55 263 4, 964 4,784 8, 669 1,625 82 San Jose 57, 651 180 2 12 93 395 7, 094 6,663 11, 727 2, 101 Santa Ana 30, 322 178 1 16 32 227 3, 427 3, 374 5, 774 836 Santa Barbara _ 33, 613 187 2 16 50 192 3,909 3,715 5, 846 2, 210 67 Santa Monica _ 37, 146 181 1 18 71 225 3, 838 3, 637 6,363 1,824 Stockton . . 47, 963 182 1 5 79 271 5,639 5, 363 9, 487 2,130 Colorado Colorado Springs. 33, 237 180 2 10 35 191 3, 840 3,877 6, 323 1,096 Pueblo: District no. 1... } 50,096 / 178 1 16 18 134 2,559 2, 362 4,205 631 15 District no. 2... \ 181 1 17 25 220 3, 465 3, 433 5,681 919 Connecticut Greenwich 33, 112 180 1 24 20 247 3, 168 3, 169 5, 533 2,003 Meriden 38, 481 176 1 14 24 195 3, 168 3, 172 5, 744 1,201 New Britain... . 68, 128 181 2 21 52 424 8,587 8, 345 13, 441 3,382 77 Norwalk _ . 36, 019 187 1 33 18 173 3, 314 3, 099 5, 518 948 Norwinh 32, 438 178 1 6 3 151 2, 464 2, 364 4, 228 441 Stamford 56, 765 178 2 19 64 381 6, 189 5,803 10,605 3,153 Watftrbnry 99, 902 176 3 47 82 534 9,809 8,488 16,580 1,995 Florida Ppnsaoola 2 31, 579 180 1 14 4 252 3,881 4,041 6,791 355 St. Petersburg 2_. 40, 425 180 2 22 32 261 4, 330 4, 284 7, 023 3, 470 Georgia A njnist.a 60, 342 179 i 2 19 42 335 7, 613 7, 766 11,581 270 Columbus 43, 131 178 ; 1 13 29 219 4, 926 5,449 8, 649 662 M aoori 64,045 i 190 i 1 26 35 354 7,839 8, 478 13, 156 Savannah _ _ 85, 024 J 178 ; 2 22 36 366 8, 489 9, 474 14, 487 2 Estimated part of county system. 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 n 30, 151 187 1 10 19 147 3, 330 3, 171 5,076 530 r 185 1 8 21 133 2,783 2,459 4,431 420 \ 188 1 6 16 84 1,546 1, 518 2,637 285 / 182 1 2 2 61 1, 161 1, 138 2,204 639 \ 175 1 3 7 77 1,591 1,402 2, 946 694 30, 930 177 1 4 16 143 2,597 2,497 4, 523 20 66, 602 189 1 20 12 187 3, 452 3, 218 6,099 1,091 36, 765 180 1 12 23 228 4, 426 4, 187 7,639 530 57, 510 171 1 27 32 183 5, 924 5, 722 10, 049 1, 144 270 74, 347 185 2 27 49 351 7,495 7, 277 12, 700 1, 230 35, 929 183 1 18 26 146 3, 054 2, 854 5, 207 290 l AQ QQG / 185 1 15 11 175 2, 704 2,585 4, 324 1, 105 / Do, ooo X 181 2 2 3 117 1,800 1,676 2,771 930 42, 993 180 1 17 12 221 4,032 3, 790 6,757 940 25, 829 10, 741 } 180 1 12 3 126 2, 422 2, 234 4, 024 874 32, 236 184 2 20 25 177 3, 051 2, 827 5, 020 535 63, 982 184 1 19 21 261 3, 310 3, 186 5, 778 1, 774 39, 241 187 1 17 34 166 3,019 2, 935 5, 196 515 85, 864 187 1 24 52 408 8, 673 8, 347 13, 552 1,118 37, 953 175 1 13 21 156 3, 228 2, 968 5, 176 532 71, 864 188 1 24 55 342 6,702 6,539 11,307 240 33, 499 183 1 6 137 2, 535 2, 386 3,983 552 39, 804 184 1 8 50 168 4, 118 3,874 6, 823 748 54, 784 190 1 19 64 212 5,447 5, 055 8,900 1, 527 32, 949 180 1 5 34 190 3, 245 3, 331 6, 541 780 64, 560 195 1 21 65 328 6,885 6, 537 11, 167 1, 614 32, 843 173 1 22 33 145 3, 645 3, 579 6,170 555 46, 548 180 1 23 60 199 4, 965 4, 816 8,249 867 32, 493 176 2 15 38 154 3, 188 3,088 5, 358 715 62, 810 184 2 25 59 358 6, 921 6,280 11, 314 1,285 50 56, 097 190 1 27 39 324 5,230 5,001 9,472 1,400 300 42, 048 181 1 22 34 240 4, 858 4, 771 8,796 745 60, 751 192 1 20 49 275 5, 147 4, 878 8, 503 1, 103 41, 679 192 1 19 27 152 2,231 2, 038 3, 976 1, 107 79, 183 182 1 38 56 487 8, 756 8, 561 14, 942 1, 520 113 l /1A 1Q1 f 181 1 22 10 110 2, 229 2,317 4, 128 541 X 185 1 11 15 110 2,305 2, 466 3, 850 907 64, 120 170 1 37 47 342 6, 714 6, 535 11, 261 1, 764 38 65, 252 188 1 21 34 233 3, 920 3, 909 6, 610 810 45, 736 179 1 17 6 237 4,431 4, 531 6, 505 716 41 33, 541 162 1 6 25 169 2, 669 2,640 5,082 273 39 Illinois Alton 4 - Aurora: East side _ West side - Berwyn: District no. 98- District no. 100 Bloomington - Cicero _ Danville - Decatur - East St. Louis - Elgin - Evanston: District no. 75. . District no. 76. Joliet _ Maywood - Melrose Park - Moline _ Oak Park _ Quincy _ Rockford _ Rock Island _ Springfield _ Waukegan _ Indiana Anderson - East Chicago _ Elkhart _ Hammond _ Kokomo _ Muncie _ Richmond _ Terre Haute _ Iowa Cedar Rapids. .. Council Bluffs... Davenport _ Dubuque _ Sioux City _ Waterloo: East side. . West side _ Kansas Topeka _ Kentucky Covington _ Lexington _ Paducah _ 4 Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 45 Table 4. — {A) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Louisiana 30, 729 174 6 1 5 13 163 3,526 3, 812 6,700 705 76| 655 176 6 1 27 32 417 8, 306 8, 810 14, 405 1,867 Maine 34,948 183 1 6 9 118 1, 957 1,902 3, 371 540 70; 810 185 2 17 45 347 6,625 6,224 11, 655 2,224 Maryland 37, 747 193 2 15 24 176 3, 450 3,477 6, 467 7 1, 150 30i 861 170 1 8 31 154 3, 177 3,292 5, 955 1, 281 Massachusetts A rlingtrm 36,094 179 1 19 29 234 3, 236 3, 211 5, 919 1, 128 Brockton 63, 797 184 1 14 33 349 5,994 5, 679 10, 891 404 Brookline 47,490 179 1 13 32 242 3, 291 3, 252 5, 572 1, 177 Chelsea 45, 816 181 1 14 32 235 4,310 4, 137 7, 512 747 Chicopee 43, 930 182 1 18 20 213 3, 955 3, 572 6, 726 424 Everett 48,424 182 2 14 40 284 4, 891 4, 720 8,693 1,475 Fit.nh burs' 40, 692 184 1 18 32 160 2, 801 2,604 4,977 358 Haverhill .. _ 48, 710 182 1 18 34 216 4, 186 4, 123 7, 540 189 Holyoke 56, 537 182 2 17 41 231 4, 140 3, 870 7, 120 747 T.awrpnre 85, 068 180 1 70 44 353 6,532 5,905 11,487 7 1,088 Malden _ - 58,036 181 1 24 124 191 4, 911 4, 512 8,508 999 Medford. -- 59, 714 179 2 29 67 310 6, 095 5,785 10, 773 2,015 Np.wt.rm 65, 276 182 2 24 79 393 6, 287 5,946 10,738 2,420 Pittsfield _ 49, 677 183 1 33 48 315 5, 084 4,801 8,968 1,290 Quincy _ 71,983 183 2 26 63 420 7, 712 7, 423 13, 701 2,160 Rp.vp.re 35, 680 178 1 20 31 240 4,258 3,868 7, 306 957 Salem 43, 353 177 1 13 28 187 3,265 2, 865 5,427 639 Taunton 37, 355 181 1 10 15 230 3, 391 3, 411 6,114 W altham 39, 247 169 1 10 28 186 3, 117 2, 930 5,668 1,023 W at.prt.nwn 34, 913 176 1 14 31 206 3,370 3, 170 6,009 1,227 Michigan "Rattlp Crpplr 43, 573 180 1 28 48 252 4,983 4,983 8,081 1, 289 Bay Cit.y 47, 355 177 2 22 51 249 4,448 4,135 7,352 1,789 Dearborn: City district _ } 50,358 f 186 1 8 22 84 8 1, 319 8 1,320 2,431 1,000 Fordson district \ 187 1 17 57 276 5,083 4, 912 8,134 7, 291 356 Hamtramek.. ... 56,268 186 1 15 37 237 5, 870 5,540 10, 734 3,556 456 Highland Park... 52, 959 181 2 11 42 289 8 5, 413 8 5, 414 8,680 3, 535 610 .T acksnn 55, 187 172 2 22 65 265 8 5, 608 8 5, 609 9, 929 2,251 Kalamazoo. 54,786 183 2 23 67 323 8 5, 540 8 5, 541 9, 127 2,294 167 Lansing 78, 397 184 2 36 103 406 8, 091 8,074 14, 414 "M’jislrpgYvn 41, 390 190 2 24 59 297 8 5, 247 8 5, 248 8, 750 2, 547 Pontiac _ _ _ 64,928 194 2 22 65 308 6, 621 6,534 11, 166 4, 022 865 Port Huron 31, 361 185 1 18 26 219 3, 569 3, 550 6,284 596 Saginaw _ 80,715 186 1 36 86 374 7,008 6, 636 13, 462 1,430 81 Mississippi Jfjplrsnn 4 48, 282 180 2 9 18 190 4,229 4, 722 6, 521 7 950 Meridian 31,954 173 1 13 18 172 4, 281 4, 704 7,225 582 Missouri Joplin. .. ... 33, 454 180 1 15 34 181 3,698 3, 614 6,074 1, 196 40 St. Joseph _ . 80, 935 177 1 33 44 360 7, 547 7, 219 11, 715 2,567 142 Springfield _ _ 57,527 177 ll 18 39 305 5,467 5,448 10, 467 1,842 95 4 Statistics of 1930. « County superintendent. 7 Estimated. 8 Distribution by sex estimated. 46 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-82 — Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Montana Butte . 39, 532 175 1 14 16 248 3,893 3, 674 6,659 257 94 Nebraska Lincoln _ 75,933 175 2 44 53 486 8, 973 8, 742 15, 680 4, 247 New Hampshire Manchester _ 76, 834 178 2 33 64 264 5, 329 5,113 9, 315 1, 419 Nashua.. . 3i; 463 181 2 2 20 130 2,385 2,301 4,206 531 90 New Jersey Atlantic City.. .. 66, 198 185 2 24 62 373 6,304 6, 052 10, 082 3, 823 470 Bayonne _ 88, 979 190 3 33 73 583 9, 436 8,636 15, 711 4, 344 508 Bloomfield _ _ 38, 077 183 1 12 40 228 3,948 3,599 6,356 2,884 Clifton _ 46, 875 180 1 18 21 267 5, 337 5,066 8, 954 2, 340 65 East Orange _ 68, 020 187 1 19 56 324 5, 128 4, 972 8, 529 3, 463 472 Hoboken _ 59, 261 182 1 16 39 330 4, 998 4, 599 8, 243 3, 357 747 Irvington. ... .. 56, 733 178 1 18 69 267 5, 148 4, 902 8, 368 4, 103 82 Kearny (P.O., Ar¬ lington) _ 40, 716 191 1 15 34 232 4,024 3,783 6,700 2,384 350 Montclair . 42, 017 174 2 17 50 269 3, 976 3, 783 6, 744 5,543 869 New Brunswick.. 34, 555 182 1 16 32 204 3,613 3, 431 6,099 1, 443 North Bergen _ 40, 714 182 2 16 10 205 3, 560 3, 426 6,020 2,662 139 Orange . . 35, 399 182 1 15 25 189 3, 561 3, 496 6,093 1,820 302 Passaic . . . 62, 959 177 1 26 30 359 6,781 6, 366 11, 252 2,311 322 Perth Amboy. . . . 43, 516 177 1 22 41 239 4, 465 4, 154 7,688 1, 968 Plainfield.. .. 34, 422 186 1 10 29 235 3,780 3,600 6,301 2,054 South Orange (M a p 1 e w o o d township) _ 34, 951 183 1 19 36 227 3, 452 3, 284 5,846 5, 364 141 Union City _ 58, 659 191 2 18 46 302 5, 636 5,279 9,063 2,370 96 West New York.. 37, 107 188 1 14 25 217 4,036 3, 733 6,310 2,291 New York Amsterdam _ 34, 817 183 2 24 16 288 4, 126 3,790 7,106 2, 132 14 Auburn 36, 652 183 1 15 17 166 2,850 2,671 4, 854 685 Binghamton 76, 662 186 1 26 44 497 7, 562 7, 488 13,041 4,038 Elmira _ _ 47, 397 187 1 18 34 243 4, 382 4, 363 7,413 840 Jamestown _ _ 45, 155 185 2 21 33 305 4,796 4, 581 8,353 1, 622 Mount Vernon ... 61, 499 182 3 27 63 387 6, 191 5, 948 10, 201 5, 601 Newburgh _ 31, 275 177 j 12 32 188 3, 109 3,068 5,228 1, 127 New Rochelle _ 54,000 182 2 45 74 324 5,290 4, 862 8, 471 6, 585 Niagara Falls 75, 460 187 3 33 97 562 8, 766 8, 331 15, 258 7,440 Poughkeepsie 40, 288 174 1 25 18 217 3,545 3,425 6, 251 1, 766 Rome _ 32, 338 182 1 12 17 168 3, 095 2,996 5, 177 844 Schenectady.. . 95, 692 181 4 39 95 590 9,650 8, 872 16, 415 2,933 Troy: Lansingburg dis- | 72,763 f 182 1 9 4 62 1, 132 1, 112 2,000 45 trict _ _ _ Union district.. | 182 1 23 32 215 3,585 3,296 5,696 1,688 Watertown _ 32, 205 186 1 16 15 228 3, 235 3,253 5, 835 1, 576 White. Plains 35, 830 177 2 26 52 222 3, 945 3,698 6,404 7,255 North Carolina Asheville 50, 193 180 1 13 29 235 4, 535 4, 731 7, 452 2,908 Charlotte . . 82, 675 177 1 20 37 399 8,419 8,719 14, 945 1, 728 43 Durham.. . . 52, 037 181 1 13 24 271 5, 317 5, 558 9, 656 1,852 42 Greensboro .. 53, 569 180 1 7 40 258 5,440 5, 308 9,290 2, 230 High Point . 36, 745 180 1 13l 19 212 4, 1871 4,137 7, 364 1, 116 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 47 Table 4. — ( A ) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued A B Super¬ intend- Teachers Enrollment School bonds Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) City Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Average daily attend¬ ance out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 North Carolina —Continued Raleigh - 37, 379 163 1 3 18 205 4,132 4,265 7, 432 2, 142 117 Wilmington - 32, 270 180 2 6 11 186 3, 732 3, 956 6, 709 1, 119 230 Winston-Salem.. 75, 274 180 1 15 62 369 7,747 7, 935 13, 437 3, 180 Ohio Cleveland Heights 50,945 183 2 17 66 262 4, 999 4, 852 8,489 6, 165 7, 231 405 East Cleveland. .. 39, 667 167 2 8 35 236 3, 392 3, 303 3,937 3, 181 93 Hamilton... 52, 176 183 1 7 30 196 3, 978 7, 168 1,811 106 70,509 42, 287 181 3 26 69 296 5,709 5,349 10, CK4 7,238 3,864 721 152 1 23 32 207 3, 997 3, 789 44, 512 180 2 20 39 199 4,609 4, 320 7, 997 1, 241 33,525 177 1 17 45 140 3, 019 3,151 2,888 5,255 5, 766 1,042 31,084 165 1 11 23 170 3, 051 1, 235 Newark 30, 596 33, 411 175 1 18 18 146 2, 845 2,793 5, 215 3,568 950 N orwood 191 1 6 31 96 2, 016 1,887 1, 233 Portsmouth _ 42, 560 176 1 7 35 248 4, 708 4, 610 8,121 2,089 92 Springfield ... . 68, 743 187 1 20 67 295 6, 182 6, 305 11,089 1, 876 72 Steubenville 35,422 41, 062 180 1 15 29 204 3,415 4, 811 3, 174 6,038 812 Warren - - 184 1 17 44 239 4, 552 3, 339 8, 512 2, 018 28 Zanesville - Oklahoma 36,440 176 1 7 36 166 3, 526 6,269 750 Muskogee ... 32, 026 179 1 14 29 158 3,256 3,298 5,403 1,203 546 Pennsylvania Allentown - .. 92, 563 186 1 21 121 391 8, 677 7,908 8, 287 14,944 4, 440 83 Altoona _ ... - 82, 054 180 1 15 77 452 8,785 15,534 4,841 359 Bethlehem - 57, 892 193 1 14 98 263 5, 764 5, 272 5,663 10, 777 3, 498 902 Chester _ 59, 164 190 2 20 47 286 5, 774 3, 581 9,697 6, 107 1,858 726 Easton. . ... ... 34,468 188 1 26 47 151 3, 363 7,533 2, 092 441 Harrisburg ... ... 80, 339 188 1 17 112 347 7, 859 13, 195 3, 144 73 Ha zip ton 36, 765 66,993 188 1 11 47 220 4, 356 6,745 5, 326 3,977 7,588 1,346 Johnstown - 180 1 34 61 391 6, 832 12, 377 3,792 238 Lancaster . 59,949 200 1 13 70 266 5,233 9, 270 3, 415 686 Lower Merion (P.O., Ardmore) 35, 166 182 1 11 47 189 2,567 2, 418 4,556 2, 195 201 McKeesport - 54, 632 180 1 18 63 297 5,761 5,486 10, 773 1,684 141 New Castle - 48, 674 180 1 14 54 304 5, 943 5,592 10, 249 2, 235 4 Norristown - 35, 853 185 1 9 38 167 3, 163 3, 020 5, 566 1, 505 420 Upper Darby . . 45, 626 187 1 22 84 251 3,690 3,509 6, 710 3,091 506 Wilkes-Barre - 86,626 187 1 39 89 453 8,899 4,536 8,839 4, 495 11, 834 822 53 Williamsport - 45, 729 195 1 21 56 218 7, 876 1, 215 181 York _ 55, 254 178 1 18 77 277 5,309 5, 132 9, 174 2,079 49 Rhode Island Cranston (P.O., 7,858 2,547 306 Providence) - 42, 911 181 1 8 33 247 4,800 4,543 Pawtucket. . .. 77, 149 180 1 35 42 354 6, 328 6, 142 10,532 5,068 3, 932 491 Woonsocket.. .. 49, 376 180 1 5 13 182 2, 992 2,790 1,176 84 South Carolina Charleston . . . . 62,265 178 1 17 32 243 5, 364 5,669 9,521 493 150 Columbia _ 51, 581 179 2 21 35 336 6,266 6, 935 11,260 1,599 30 South Dakota Sioux Falls - 182163° — 3< 33, 362 \ - 4 179 1 19 28 257 3, 855 3,638 6, 587 1,382 859 48 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1981-82 — Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Texas Amarillo - - 43, 132 175 1 16 52 269 5,688 5, 169 8, 562 2,060 124 53, 120 176 1 12 37 295 5, 555 5, 511 9, 093 1,237 Beaumont: City district - | f 176 1 19 28 194 4,090 4,120 7, 422 2,408 169 French district- 175 1 4 2 34 879 863 1,299 208 SouthPark dis- l 175 1 5 27 84 1,550 1,533 2, 735 52, 938 177 1 16 25 220 3, 946 4,021 6,604 1,725 Laredo - _ - - 32, 618 170 7 4 152 3, 168 3, 125 6, 114 425 Port Arthur . . - 50, 902 175 1 11 42 235 4, 912 4,744 8, 346 1,183 209 Waco _ - - 52, 848 172 1 21 36 322 5, 619 5, 659 9, 349 1,679 328 Wichita Falls - 43, 690 175 1 17 37 246 4,805 4,548 8,317 1, 855 2 Utah Ogden _ _ - 40, 272 174 3 19 57 246 5, 319 5, 367 9,088 799 Virginia Lynchburg - 40, 661 184 1 14 26 221 4, 447 4, 665 7,787 1,037 250 Newport News... 34, 417 180 1 17 20 181 3, 662 3,906 6, 400 1,007 Portsmouth _ 45, 704 183 1 14 12 220 4, 663 4,733 7,890 Roanoke.. _ _ 69,206 182 1 24 39 427 7,640 7, 817 13, 503 2, 650 Washington Bellingham . _ 30, 823 180 1 18 40 160 3,422 3, 179 5,503 99 Everett _ _ 30, 567 180 1 12 31 170 3,539 3,682 5,889 387 81 West Virginia Charleston _ 60, 408 175 1 31 60 376 6,835 6,936 11. 561 2,449 Huntington _ 75, 572 180 1 34 65 413 7, 229 7,030 12, 782 1, 233 7 Wheeling: City district _ 1 f 176 1 18 42 195 3,593 3, 323 5,640 Triadelphia dis¬ trict _ \ 61,659 { 175 1 7 19 107 1,865 1,886 3, 164 485 31 Warwood dis¬ trict _ - J l 176 1 1 11 44 879 802 1, 476 45 Wisconsin Green Bav ... 37, 415 184 1 16 33 211 3, 305 3,204 5,747 1, 282 Kenosha.!.- ... .. 50, 262 184 2 17 44 297 5, 173 5, 071 9, 092 2,663 La Crosse _ _ 39, 614 188 1 6 30 151 3, 282 3, 215 5, 364 Madison. _ 57, 899 i 176 1 27 49 395 5, 809 5, 501 10, 098 3, 131 Oshkosh. . 40, 108 1 190 1 12 25 179 3, 307 3, 324 5,830 590 Racine. . . . 67, 542 i 190 1 21 52 329 6, 620 l 6, 577 11,606 1, 811 Sheboygan _ 39, 251 185 2 6 47 169 3, 571 3, 361 6. 264 510 Superior. ... . . 36, 113 i 181 1 16 41 189 3, 656 i 3, 686 6, 322 1, 367 65 West Allis _ 34, 671 187 1 17 54 200 3, 73E i 3,540 6,381 1, 158 GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION Alabama Anniston _ 22, 345 175 1 8 6 122 2,537 2,527 4, 106 513 360 Bessemer 20, 721 15, 593 176 1 8 16 95 1,999 1, 558 2,231 1, 662 3, 772 2, 623 1,650 2, 247 521 Decatur _ _ 177 1 3 9 77 520 16 Dothan _ 16,046 11,059 176 j 3 4 70 1, 423 1,240 1, 466 1, 312 415 Fairfield . 177 1 5 3 53 363 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 49 Table 4. — {A) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, cHy school systems, 1931-82 — Continued GROUP HI.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Alabama — Con. 11,729 176 1 8 4 68 1,483 1,586 2, 658 430 24, 042 180 1 8 7 114 2, 657 2, 758 4, 672 574 11,554 175 1 5 2 46 1,354 1,437 2, 147 177 13, 862 176 1 1 6 49 1,381 1,372 2,211 80 Selma.-. - . 18, 012 175 1 3 11 88 1,698 1,950 3, 166 8 206 20, 659 175 1 11 9 116 2, 043 2, 172 3,240 720 Arkansas Blvtheville _ 10,098 177 1 3 10 36 1, 141 1, 162 1,638 270 16, 421 180 1 10 12 90 2, 143 2,293 3, 915 591 2a 238 174 1 11 10 119 2,533 2, 576 4, 001 730 Jonesboro ...... 10, 326 176 1 9 54 1,252 1, 218 1,947 437 North Little Rock. 19,418 180 1 2 18 108 2,800 2, 919 4,497 1,077 Pinp Rlnff 20, 760 185 1 10 18 121 2, 371 2,420 4, 187 528 TpYarkana 10,764 177 1 10 4 63 1,200 1, 413 2,027 545 California Anaheim _ 10,995 173 1 10 8 50 970 883 1,653 87 Bakersfield 26, 015 179 1 9 5 157 2,638 2, 516 4,587 126 ■RpvpfIv Hills 17, 429 180 1 7 1 115 1,407 1,386 2, 114 Brawley 10, 439 170 1 4 6 49 1,223 1,272 2,191 194 Burbank 16, 662 180 1 13 26 117 2, 150 2, 103 3, 642 2 Burlingame 13, 270 187 1 5 51 1. 181 1, 114 1,833 237 Compton _ 12, 516 177 1 8 0 83 1,334 1,238 2,387 748 Eureka 15, 752 189 1 7 17 88 1, 655 1,696 2, 820 400 Fullerton 10, 860 174 1 4 3 56 897 913 1, 637 Inglewood 19, 480 174 2 10 0 93 1,688 1,573 2,860 430 Modesto 13, 842 176 1 10 60 132 3,063 2, 932 4,848 Monrovia 10,890 174 1 1 26 82 1,367 1,329 2, 376 878 Ontario _ 13. 583 171 1 3 5 76 1, 481 1,379 2, 519 376 Pain Alto 13, 652 175 1 7 21 95 1,768 1,609 2, 820 686 Pomona 20,804 176 1 16 33 145 2,384 2, 349 4, 151 178 Redlands 14, 177 174 1 11 33 93 1,857 1,704 3,079 Richmond 20, 093 192 2 10 30 188 3, 241 3, 048 5, 378 Rivprsidp 29, 696 178 1 23 73 216 4,549 4,286 6, 895 1,893 Salinas 10,263 177 1 2 4 45 1,047 937 1,492 114 San Leandro 11, 455 191 1 1 4 52 1,029 1,042 1,639 200 Ran Matm 13, 444 186 1 6 47 1,133 903 1,820 286 Rant.a Crnz 14, 395 180 1 3 26 80 1, 539 1,413 2, 601 474 Sanf.n 10, 636 177 1 5 15 84 1,448 1,339 2,407 584 South Pasadena. . 13, 730 179 1 10 21 86 1, 395 1, 329 2, 478 1,129 Vallejo 14, 476 188 1 9 16 77 1,827 1,664 2, 989 598 Ventura 11, 603 179 1 11 34 55 1,634 1,525 2,799 675 Whittier 14, 822 178 1 3 5 71 1,022 1,000 1,847 410 Colorado Boulder . 11,223 180 1 10 18 83 1,249 1, 311 2,181 40 24 Fnrt. Collins 11, 489 184 1 9 14 88 1,698 1,701 2,779 515 Grand Junction. _ 10, 247 180 l 2 20 78 1,652 1,661 2,653 482 8 rtrpp.lpy 12, 203 185 1 13 13 101 1,541 1,571 2,522 483 Trinidad 11, 732 185 1 6 11 82 1,544 1,540 2,588 233 Connecticut Ansonia 19, 898 180 1 5 19 97 1,911 1,865 3, 501 Bristol 28, 451 178 1 8 19 173 2,771 2,739 5, 142 728 Danbury 22, 261 176 1 13 8 114 2,158 2,094 3,636 460 Derby. . 10,788 184 1 4 5 55 1,027 963 1,795 215 4 Statistics of 1930. 50 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems , 1981-82 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Connecticut— Continued East Hartford _ 17, 125 179 1 6 5 120 2,091 1,910 3, 638 710 Groton _ 10, 770 180 1 10 69 1, 199 1,095 1, 991 7 140 Middletown _ 24, 554 189 1 6 18 67 1,371 1,334 2,410 478 14. 315 178 1 5 8 74 1,374 1, 345 2, 471 29, 640 178 1 13 1 140 2. 571 2. 399 4, 158 372 Shelton _ 10, 113 179 1 3 8 58 1, 175 1,046 2,052 Stratford- . . 19, 212 179 1 9 8 135 2, 472 2, 363 4, 207 625 Torrington. . 26, 040 178 1 14 21 142 2, 544 2, 479 4, 680 360 196 Wallingford _ 14, 278 176 1 9 8 87 1,499 1, 453 2, 678 194 West Hartford _ 24, 941 178 4 14 21 171 2, 558 2,562 4, 455 2, 539 209 25, 808 176 1 7 9 165 3, 324 3,297 5, 749 1, 717 Willimantic (W i n d h a m town) _ 13, 773 185 1 3 7 70 1,125 1, 145 1, 911 447 Florida Daytona Beach. __ 16, 598 166 « 1 8 14 102 1,951 1,896 3,114 7 900 Gainesville . 10, 465 167 ® 1 3 4 75 1,373 1,487 2, 403 380 Key West _ 12, 831 180 6 1 5 65 1,381 1,363 2, 150 322 Lakeland. . . 18, 554 168 9 2 3 18 114 2,224 2,352 4, 060 961 23 Orlando . . . 27, 330 166 ® 1 16 26 155 3, 090 3, 153 5, 616 1,994 St. Augustine _ 12, 111 178 ® 1 8 5 132 1,995 2, 002 3,323 529 53 Sanford _ 10, 100 162 ® 1 12 12 101 1,584 1, 505 2,641 7 500 Tallahassee _ 10, 700 174 6 1 3 9 44 1,377 1, 496 2,251 153 West Palm Beach 26, 610 180 6 1 11 11 131 2, 548 2,722 4, 379 1,450 Georgia Albany _ 14, 507 176 1 8 79 1,773 1,741 3,083 201 Athens _ _ 18, 192 178 2 4 3 97 1,912 1,811 3, 216 350 Brunswick.. 14, 022 163 1 8 2 83 1,418 1, 636 2,547 Decatur 13, 276 180 1 9 76 1, 368 1, 370 2,486 388 Griffin. . . 10, 321 176 2 2 7 53 1,084 1, 100 1,685 155 La Grange. _ _ 20, 131 177 1 10 5 103 2, 091 2, 100 3, 406 888 Rome _ 21, 843 180 1 3 7 103 2, 378 2, 453 3,909 248 Tbomasville. _ 11, 733 175 1 1 7 59 1, 279 1,388 2,256 286 Valdosta _ 13, 482 177 1 7 68 1,466 1, 723 2, 807 165 Waycross . . 15, 510 176 1 2 5 89 1, 938 1,938 3, 166 153 30 Idaho Boise . . . 21, 544 178 2 12 39 122 2,632 2, 648 4, 513 800 Pocatello. _ _ _ 16, 471 173 1 11 15 110 2, 472 2, 566 4, 451 548 195 Illinois Belleville.. . 28, 425 193 1 8 8 71 1, 432 1, 391 2,467 312 Blue Island _ 16, 534 177 1 11 60 1,363 1,314 2, 320 559 Brookfield _ 10, 035 168 1 0 27 503 507 777 214 Cairo _ _ _ 13, 532 169 1 3 9 73 1, 199 1, 278 2, 148 320 Calumet City _ 12,298 190 1 1 2 21 307 288 585 80 Canton _ 11,718 177 1 5 16 60 1, 351 1,434 2,343 82 Centralia 4. . 12, 583 178 1 12 1 51 1, 226 1, 128 1,961 227 Champaign . 20, 348 179 1 2 21 116 2, 013 2,010 3, 528 166 Chicago Heights.. 22, 321 169 1 7 1 88 1, 733 1,625 3, 107 457 East Moline _ 10, 107 184 1 4 0 33 720 685 1, 216 156 Elmhurst . . 14, 055 188 1 6 3 69 1, 140 1,093 1,857 626 4 Statistics of 1930. 6 County superintendent. 7 Estimated. ® County supervisors. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 51 Table 4. — (^4) Personnel , length of school term , and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Illinois— Contd. Elmwood Park 11, 270 200 1 2 3 40 1,058 978 1,924 122 14, 555 180 1 7 1 51 811 811 1,302 254 22, 045 172 1 4 20 98 1, 933 1,836 3, 407 410 28’ 830 186 1 9 26 128 2, 770 2, 674 4, 754 25 130 185 1 g 33 140 2, 674 2,488 4, 475 743 11,625 186 1 3 9 45 1, 183 1, 126 1,906 20 16, 374 184 1 4 0 51 1, 026 946 1,682 319 Highland Park: f 1 81 1 1 4 36 450 402 753 335 District no. 108. | 12,203 { 168 1 2 3 41 468 473 801 273 17 747 180 1 8 13 72 1, 385 1. 398 2, 456 345 Kankakee 20, 620 177 1 7 9 95 1,825 1,622 2, 949 239 kpwanp.fi 17, 093 175 1 5 9 81 1,561 1,493 2, 754 215 T,a OraTipp 10, 103 181 1 3 4 72 1,324 1, 195 1,953 312 13, 149 188 1 0 41 707 606 1,205 122 Linpnln 12, 855 190 1 4 3 41 730 659 1, 175 AT at. form 14, 631 178 1 2 9 70 1, 632 1. 657 3, 190 362 Mount Vernon 12, 375 174 1 11 57 1,408 1, 273 2, 334 30 Ottawa 15] 094 192 1 1 2 55 1,063 1,021 1,810 Park Pirigp. 10, 417 192 1 3 37 869 738 1,307 613 Ppkin 16,129 185 1 2 8 66 1,246 1,190 2,278 400 Sterling: District no. 10__ f 187 1 1 17 294 249 437 91 District no. 11. . | 10,012 \ 184 1 3 2 25 475 412 759 72 Streator 14, 728 187 1 9 3 59 1,061 987 1, 774 Urbana 13, 060 184 1 4 12 71 1, 427 1,474 2, 528 251 West Frankfort _ 14, 683 167 1 11 58 1,297 1,234 2,504 96 Wilmette lo! 233 181 1 5 4 65 8 878 8 878 1,456 371 Winnp.tka 12, 166 180 1 16 10 67 1,037 911 1, 602 754 Indiana Bedford 13, 208 176 1 13 13 74 1,800 1,833 3, 417 239 Bloomington _ 18,227 173 1 6 32 116 2,048 2, 019 3, 770 383 Hnnn prsvi 1 1 p. 12, 795 10, 355 176 1 4 17 56 1,267 1,260 2, 169 174 Crawfords ville _ 180 1 4 22 55 1, 166 1, 165 1,965 99 Elwood _ lo! 685 180 1 4 22 54 1, 191 1, 184 2,088 55 Prankfnrt 12, 196 180 1 4 25 61 1,429 1,404 2, 547 150 Onshpri 10, 397 175 1 6 23 49 1, 152 1,058 1,927 220 Huntington 13, 420 180 1 10 13 78 1, 611 1,519 2,687 374 §i Jeffersonville _ 11,946 180 1 13 17 56 1,057 1,064 2,078 110 T,a Fayette 26, 240 191 1 15 19 108 2, 534 2, 239 3, 878 406 t,q Pnrto 15’ 755 182 1 8 21 80 1,664 1,630 3, 039 397 L/C* A Oi 1C - 18^ 508 180 1 10 30 99 1,958 1,889 3, 377 204 JL/UgdilopUI l - Marion. .. 24^ 496 180 1 18 30 120 2,693 2, 554 4, 418 412 24 Michigan City _ 26, 735 181 1 14 22 115 2, 354 2, 211 3, 842 465 M ishawaka 28, 630 182 1 16 29 125 3,085 2,900 5,024 550 New Albany . . 25^ 819 177 1 8 27 106 2, 279 2,168 3, 893 318 12 ^ ewcastl e 14, 027 170 1 2 19 66 1,733 1,627 2,828 157 12, 730 180 1 6 17 63 1,330 1,343 2,437 195 10 618 173 1 4 18 57 1,218 1, 168 2,063 204 o uei uyv me - Vincennes 17] 564 180 1 17 23 95 1,841 1,751 3, 010 354 Whiting lo! 880 192 1 9 16 45 1, 133 1,109 1,807 347 Iowa Ames _ _ 10,261 175 1 11 10 80 1, 230 1,115 2,112 271 48 Pnnnp 11,886 174 1 3 12 76 1, 373 1,374 2,558 210 Burlington _ 26, 755 181 1 16 23 157| 2, 599 2, 415 4,640 725 8 Distribution by sex estimated. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-82 — Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City Iowa— Con. Clinton: City district.. Lyons district. . Fort Dodge _ Fort Madison _ Iowa City - Keokuk _ Marshalltown - Mason City.. Muscatine - Newton - Osklaoosa _ Ottumwa..... Kansas Arkansas City Atchison _ Chanute _ Coffey ville..- Dodge City.. Eldorado _ Emporia _ Fort Scott _ Hutchinson. . Independence - Lawrence _ Leavenworth Manhattan. . Newton _ Parsons _ Pittsburg _ Salina _ Kentucky Ashland . Fort Thomas. Frankfort _ Henderson _ Hopkinsville . Middlesboro.. Newport _ Owensboro. .. Louisiana Alexandria _ Bogalusa4 _ Lafayette _ Lake Charles. Monroe _ Maine Auburn. . Augusta. .. Bangor _ Biddeford. Rumford.. A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 / 180 1 10 14 115 1, 973 1, 813 3, 313 530 \ 180 1 6 5 29 575 542 975 105 21, 895 182 1 16 16 130 2, 317 2,282 4,256 925 13, 779 180 1 2 8 60 1, 111 1, 128 2, 001 281 15, 340 174 1 7 12 76 1,255 1,200 2, 161 118 15, 106 183 1 9 11 77 1, 413 1,381 2, 440 377 17, 373 173 1 13 11 39 2,043 2,072 3, 399 488 23, 304 175 1 16 19 142 2,838 2,818 4, 936 573 16, 778 183 1 12 12 98 1, 836 1, 815 3, 172 288 11, 560 173 1 10 10 75 1, 478 1, 443 2, 533 378 10, 123 183 1 1 10 73 1,207 1, 194 2, 138 214 28, 075 179 1 16 19 166 3,209 3, 148 5, 326 656 13, 946 173 1 8 20 88 2,018 2, 006 3, 500 274 13, 024 175 1 5 11 65 1, 233 1, 234 2,091 315 10, 277 180 1 11 18 55 1,287 1, 170 2,138 253 89 16, 198 175 1 14 25 92 2, 167 2, 247 3, 619 616 10, 059 175 1 2 12 77 1,580 1,638 2,614 573 10, 311 168 1 3 23 73 1,677 1,648 2, 850 69 14, 067 175 1 7 13 88 1, 607 1,584 2,781 520 10, 763 180 1 3 22 73 1,437 1,334 2, 332 153 27, 085 175 1 11 30 155 3, 500 3, 434 5,962 705 89 12, 782 173 1 2 22 92 1,769 1,775 2, 925 375 13, 726 173 1 5 14 92 1,655 1, 605 2,841 514 17, 466 172 1 11 10 84 1, 515 1,501 2, 472 319 10, 136 174 1 4 17 69 1,284 1, 270 2, 313 252 11, 034 180 1 3 17 70 1, 395 1, 344 2,425 77 14, 903 183 1 12 26 75 1,781 1, 837 3, 167 250 18, 145 173 1 6 18 118 2, 211 2, 153 3, 778 493 20, 155 173 1 1 26 121 2, 342 2,307 4, 159 605 13 29, 074 176 1 16 13 146 3, 218 3, 173 5, 445 552 12, 348 180 1 1 9 67 1,229 1,244 1,942 170 28 10, 008 187 1 4 7 36 622 611 1, 126 176 19 11, 626 188 1 3 4 49 985 924 1, 536 75 11, 668 174 1 14 6 71 1,318 1,279 2, 178 10, 746 188 1 5 7 41 907 914 1,454 10, 350 156 1 3 11 60 1, 510 1, 565 2, 618 163 29, 744 190 1 10 3 110 1,795 1,638 3,249 308 34 22, 765 185 1 4 22 94 2, 126 2,216 3, 545 300 23, 025 180 6 1 7 12 131 2,733 2,742 4, 552 1, 282 7 14, 029 177 1 6 87 1, 809 1,956 2,962 14, 635 168 6 1 1 10 67 1,309 1, 398 2,378 7 300 15, 791 176 1 7 5 85 1, 623 1,720 2,780 216 26, 028 180 1 5 8 93 1,776 1, 859 3, 147 793 18, 571 181 1 2 10 109 1,775 1,641 3,074 469 17, 198 180 1 2 7 89 1, 407 1, 352 2, 452 121 28, 749 181 1 10 24 152 2,740 2, 687 4, 392 205 17, 633 182 1 6 4 47 638 651 1, 129 110 10. 340 180 1 1 10 62 1.073 1.002 1. 864 6 County superintendent. 7 Estimated. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 53 Table 4. — ( A ) Personnel, length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP m.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 Maine — Contd. South Portland.-- 13, 840 189 1 1 14 103 1, 871 1,892 3,240 411 15, 454 178 1 9 10 84 1,342 1, 326 2,319 70 10;807 173 1 1 7 53 894 870 1, 616 Maryland Annapolis _ 12,531 179 6 1 5 7 59 1,112 1,222 2,053 14, 434 186 6 1 8 1 17 82 1, 769 2,869 lOj 997 178 6 1 4 10 65 1, 371 1, 470 2,431 407 Massachusetts Adams _ _ 12, 697 182 1 9 6 64 1,005 1, 126 2,009 Amesbury 11, 899 179 1 1 11 43 850 718 1, 411 31 Athol- _ 10, 677 178 1 5 5 57 1, 133 1, 123 2,078 Attleboro - 21, 769 182 1 13 8 133 2,263 2, 136 3, 922 288 Belmont.— _ 21,748 177 1 12 18 141 2, 234 2, 217 3,984 832 Beverly 25, 086 182 1 16 20 144 2,560 2, 246 4,485 801 Braintree 15, 712 181 1 9 13 118 1,929 1, 764 3,394 1,790 597 Clinton „ _ - 12, 817 181 1 1 10 54 1,003 942 Danvers — _ 12, 957 179 1 9 7 67 1,213 1, 213 2, 235 504 Dedham — 15, 136 176 1 13 16 105 1, 722 1,718 3,252 Easthampton 11,323 180 1 2 5 52 939 919 1,696 24 Fairhaven 10, 951 182 1 5 5 70 1, 122 1, 047 2,035 291 Framingham 22, 210 183 1 16 26 132 2,348 2,312 4,305 Gardner. . .. 19, 399 182 1 3 13 83 1,437 1, 352 2, 649 420 Gloucester. . . 24,204 173 1 9 12 135 2, 144 2 072 3, 885 134 Greenfield. . 15, 500 173 1 11 20 103 1,731 L 580 3, 019 243 Leominster 21,810 182 1 4 17 98 1, 677 1, 560 2, 975 Marlboro 15, 587 177 1 3 71 1, 199 1, 136 2, 152 362 Melrose ... 23, 170 182 1 10 18 127 2, 126 2, 105 3, 916 1, 133 Methuen 21, 069 179 1 13 7 109 1,898 1,805 3, 415 298 Milford _ 14, 741 171 1 6 1 94 1,483 1,445 2,718 Milton _ 16, 434 180 1 9 12 100 1,595 1,534 2, 821 Natick 13, 589 179 1 8 11 76 1,468 1,404 2,617 266 Needham 10, 845 177 1 6 8 85 1,306 1, 204 2,291 810 Newburyport _ 15,084 178 1 11 • 6 1, 148 1, 154 2,135 99 North Adams _ 21, 621 177 1 15 10 109 1,719 1,626 3, 030 85 N orthampton _ 24, 381 177 1 10 7 117 1,818 1,804 3,298 North Attleboro. _ 10, 197 181 1 1 6 40 731 615 1,249 12 Norwood. .. 15, 049 178 1 11 14 117 1,608 1,540 2,929 697 Peabody. . 21, 345 178 1 16 22 138 2, 435 2,200 4,258 657 Plymouth . . . 13,042 182 1 13 8 80 1,302 1,289 2, 407 11 11 Saugus 14,700 179 1 8 19 87 1,729 1,699 3, 135 131 Southbridge 14, 264 186 1 5 9 54 1, 162 1,052 1,977 90 Stoneham 10,060 180 1 4 11 56 951 863 1,694 177 Swampsnot.t 10, 346 180 1 8 7 66 835 868 1, 537 Wakefield 16, 318 179 1 9 16 102 1,836 1, 724 3,238 565 Webster 12, 992 181 1 5 6 49 822 760 1,422 300 Wfillfislp.y 11, 439 ' 176 1 12 17 85 1, 213 1, 070 2,075 Westfield 19, 775 175 1 12 10 126 2,077 2 225 3, 907 West Springfield— 16,684 178 1 10 10 114 1,832 1,839 3,299 504 Weymouth 20, 882 180 1 16 20 125 2,256 2,331 4, 180 789 Winchester 12, 719 177 1 9 87 1,283 1,208 2, 197 811 Winthrop 16, 852 181 1 7 16 100 1,764 1,744 3, 185 181 Woburn 19, 434 177 1 3 13 108 2,118 1,970 3, 824 Michigan Adrian _ 13,064 181 1 6 12 79 1,388 1,456 2,581 251 Alpena _ 12, 166 - 189 1 10 10 53 1,141 1,074 1,891 168 Ann Arbor . . 26,944 174 2 12 34 145 2, 168 2, 107 4, 301 1. 376 452 6 County superintendent. 8 County supervisor. 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (-4) Personnel, length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems , 1931-32 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals 1 Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Michigan— Con. Benton Harbor. . . 15, 434 186 1 4 23 85 1,821 1, 837 3, 059 555 110 16, 033 195 1 10 16 93 1,666 1,716 3,014 225 E corse _ _ . 12; 716 177 1 5 14 62 1, 186 1, 114 2, 105 1,052 18 Escanaba _ . 14, 524 188 1 12 15 69 1,521 1, 477 2, 676 432 Ferndale _ 20,855 185 1 9 23 133 3, 016 2, 833 4,580 1, 739 203 Grosse Pointe _ 21, 428 192 2 6 26 113 * 1, 767 8 1, 767 3, 220 3,987 437 Holland _ 14, 346 185 1 7 13 97 1, 562 1,449 2, 806 579 162 Iron Mountain . . _ 11, 652 192 1 5 10 87 1,623 1,534 2, 940 128 Ironwood.. _ 14, 299 191 1 6 32 88 2,235 1,953 3, 886 800 Lincoln Park . . . 12; 336 175 1 5 8 67 1, 592 1, 553 3, 103 2,281 85 Marquette _ 14, 789 187 1 6 11 63 1, 150 1, 107 1,986 435 15 Menominee _ 10, 320 186 1 3 18 54 1,044 1,077 1,890 70 Monroe _ 18, 110 187 1 6 17 71 1,659 1,530 2,647 711 30 Mount Clemens. _ 13, 497 182 1 5 17 74 1, 559 1,598 2, 331 701 Muskegon Heights _ 15,584 188 1 8 17 95 2, 211 2, 148 3,643 971 15 Niles _ 11, 326 181 1 3 15 63 1,439 1,360 2,338 245 Owosso.- _ _ 14, 496 185 1 5 15 88 1,905 1, 777 3, 185 563 River Rouge _ 17, 314 177 1 5 24 76 2,085 1,992 3, 227 1, 736 326 Royal Oak _ 22,904 174 2 12 26 147 3, 177 3,066 5,502 2,881 240 Sault Ste. Marie.. 13, 755 190 1 8 15 78 1,644 1, 530 2,804 327 Traverse City _ 12, 539 179 1 6 16 60 1, 186 1, 159 2, 259 232 Wyandotte _ 28, 368 189 1 9 28 140 2, 767 2,548 4, 439 1, 510 798 Ypsilanti .. 10, 143 185 1 3 14 55 990 954 1,624 526 Minnesota Albert Lea _ 10, 169 176 1 9 17 72 1,249 1, 351 2, 247 378 10 Austin _ _ 12, 276 180 1 1 17 76 1,404 1, 517 2,575 549 Brainerd. _ 10, 221 176 1 1 9 76 1,259 1,268 2, 245 150 Faribault.. 12, 767 180 1 5 11 53 886 874 1, 519 28 Hibbing 15, 666 179 1 14 41 227 3,411 3, 314 6, 399 200 Mankato _ ... 14, 038 180 1 8 13 73 1,272 1,396 2, 325 708 Rochester 20, 621 176 1 7 31 110 1, 958 2,033 3, 555 432 St. Cloud... _ 21, 000 180 1 13 18 72 1,393 1, 312 2, 344 615 South St. Paul... 10,009 184 1 10 12 75 1,268 1,296 2, 252 825 262 Virginia. 11,963 190 1 10 40 148 2, 041 1,932 3,582 Winona. . . 20, 850 183 1 14 14 96 1, 368 1,383 2,471 100 Mississippi Biloxi _ ... 14, 850 175 1 3 7 65 1,270 1, 212 2, 041 203 Clarksdale... . 10, 043 176 1 6 3 39 666 684 1, 187 345 Columbus 10, 743 177 1 5 3 72 1, 366 1,489 2, 476 170 Greenville 14, 807 178 1 12 4 73 1,771 1,791 3, 055 310 Greenwood 11, 123 173 1 7 4 61 1,391 1, 520 2, 176 276 Gulfport 4 _ 12, 547 180 1 3 3 79 1, 437 1, 438 2,313 Hattiesburg _ 18, 601 177 1 3 12 94 2, 130 2, 321 3, 544 300 Laurel— . . . 18, 017 176 1 5 6 102 2,233 2, 336 3, 745 357 McComb... .. 10, 057 177 1 2 2 43 888 860 1, 711 i 200 Natchez. 13, 422 177 1 7 6 49 1, 140 1, 264 2, 011 Vicksburg 22. 943 182 1 6 3 80 1, 575 1, 794 2,717 Missouri Cape Girardeau.. 16,227 187 1 5 15 86 1,633 1, 641 2, 669 383 14 Columbia 14, 967 180 1 6 17 79 1, 689 1, 609 2, 772 566 Hannibal 22, 761 178 1 9 18 97 2, 165 2,038 3, 514 409 Independence _ 15, 296 172 1 11 22 111 2,510 2, 363 4,085 487 Jefferson City _ 21, 596 175 1 4 17 81 1, 712 1,681 2,889 385 Maplewood.. 21, 807 185 1 14 10 104 1,853 1, 721 2, 896 794 Moberly... . 13. 772 186 1 3 12 76 1, 334 1, 322 2, 432 467 4 Statist] CS Of 1930. * Es timatec l. 8 Distrib Ution b y sex esti: mated. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 55 Table 4. — (.4) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school, systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued A B Super- Teachers Enrollment School intend- bonds Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) City Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend- Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls Average daily attend¬ ance out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ ents lars) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Missouri— Con. 10, 491 20, 806 200 1 7 9 31 643 601 1, 144 223 179 1 9 13 105 1,942 1, 928 2,125 2, 075 3, 574 618 University City.. 25, 809 16, 487 198 1 11 30 124 2, 338 2, 233 3, 923 1,518 185 2 10 31 109 3,792 868 Montana 12, 494 16, 380 185 1 20 6 50 1,092 1,022 2, 330 1, 870 165 181 1 9 14 115 2, 378 3, 865 356 28^ 822 11, 803 14, 657 182 1 17 23 200 3,538 3, 392 6, 218 1,223 185 1 17 6 55 1, 178 1, 132 2, 029 330 183 1 9 0 74 1,312 1,215 2, 250 156 Nebraska Beatrice. . . 10,297 176 1 4 9 75 1,080 1,140 2, 023 397 Fremont.. . . _ 11,407 174 1 6 11 74 1,416 1,373 2, 343 3, 640 286 19 Grand Island 18, 041 15,490 10, 717 180 1 4 29 112 2, 123 2, 127 296 Hastings 180 1 10 19 85 1,754 1,785 3, 073 501 Norfolk _ 175 1 9 14 72 1,396 1, 327 2, 195 604 25 North Pla.tt.fi 12, 061 180 1 5 8 77 1,767 1,581 2, 638 628 Nevada Reno 18, 529 180 1 3 9 100 1, 873 1,798 2,998 369 New Hampshire Berlin 20, 018 12, 377 25, 228 13, 573 13, 794 12, 471 14, 495 10,209 179 1 2 15 57 1,095 859 1,787 1,934 602 Clftrcm on t 176 176 1 1 12 60 1,065 1,890 1,050 1,769 385 Concord 2 7 22 120 3,205 633 T)over 173 1 8 7 49 977 874 1,660 4 Keene 179 1 8 18 74 1, 290 1, 321 2, 332 117 Laennia 182 1 1 11 57 908 863 1,637 113 PortSTn 179 1 10 13 84 1,442 1,440 2, 543 376 Rochester 176 1 2 6 43 722 721 1,318 70 New Jersey AsburyPark.. . 14, 981 185 1 9 18 114 2, 141 1,971 3, 344 1, 690 154 Belleville .. . .. 26, 974 192 1 12 13 176 3,240 3, 131 5,440 1, 717 137 Bridgeton _ _ . 15, 699 188 1 9 13 98 1, 779 1,766 3,038 763 9 Burlington 10, 844 13, 339 15, 267 181 1 4 5 76 1,318 1,302 1,437 2,270 323 C artoret 186 1 5 3 87 1, 549 2,641 701 Cliflside Park _ 173 1 8 20 116 1,712 1,538 2, 743 1, 366 101 Collingswood. .. Cranford _ _ .. 12, 723 11, 126 187 182 1 1 H 17 86 1, 404 1,295 1,533 2, 528 662 6 11 76 1,260 2, 158 844 91 Flnvpr 10, 031 182 1 6 10 63 1, 220 1, 125 2, 036 240 Englewood _ 17, 805 169 1 10 25 108 1,939 3, 999 1,776 3, 167 1,472 212 Garfield _ ... . 29, 739 182 1 14 20 205 3,657 6,781 1,032 91 Gloucester City.. 13, 796 189 1 4 14 59 1, 187 1,211 2, 017 517 57 Hackensack _ 24,568 177 1 12 27 191 2, 884 2,688 4,708 1,882 134 Harrison 15,601 11,868 186 1 3 6 54 1,017 1,122 2, 019 266 TT a wf horn e 178 1 9 2 65 1,046 1,013 1,750 589 Hillside (P.O., 1, 351 62 Elizabeth) . . 17, 601 21,206 11, 549 181 1 8 19 114 2, 194 1, 978 3, 478 Linden _ 186 1 10 25 153 2,898 2,694 1,284 4,916 2, 262 47 Lodi 187 1 8 7 76 1,489 2, 413 3, 172 375 Long Branch _ 18,399 176 1 9 18 113 1,947 1,851 1,227 125 T ,vn Hhn re t 17, 362 14, 705 177 187 1 8 17 137 2, 378 2, 160 3, 945 2, 795 720 lij JLlUliUlot - Millville _ 1 7 12 89 1,650 1,592 632 112 Morristown 15, 197 10, 625 180 1 10 19 79 1,519 1,496 2,604 1, 182 34 Neptune (P.O., Ocean Grove) . . 183 1 4 17 72 l. 379 1,307 2,134 663 42 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (.4) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding , and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1981-32 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 New Jersey— Con. Nutley _ 20, 572 189 1 9 25 157 2, 672 2, 514 4, 422 2, 185 72 Pensauken (P.O., Merchantville) - 16,915 184 1 1 13 85 1,889 1,802 2, 965 1, 179 19, 255 184 1 6 23 98 2,025 1, 864 3,473 883 Pleasantville - 11, 580 180 1 6 10 77 1,460 1,351 2,268 812 24 Rahway.- ... - 16,011 174 1 6 22 89 1, 690 1,553 2,846 755 25 Red Bank _ _ 11,622 185 1 7 21 71 1,410 1,338 2, 366 430 Ridgefield Park.. 10, 764 172 1 5 11 74 1,080 1,016 1,824 798 98 Ridgewood. - 12, 188 172 1 12 22 101 1, 459 1, 425 2, 551 1, 284 19 Roselle . . 13, 021 183 1 4 26 74 1,573 1, 458 2, 570 1,003 29 Rutherford - 14, 915 168 1 8 11 99 1, 550 1, 450 2, 566 1,038 46 South River. _ _ 10, 759 182 1 4 16 65 1,291 1, 169 2, 192 539 Summit _ 14, 556 183 1 8 19 102 1, 506 1,337 2, 461 1, 471 112 Teaneck _ _ 16, 513 170 1 5 23 120 2,068 1,897 3, 359 1,079 Union.. - 16, 472 186 1 10 13 113 2, 181 2, 075 3,502 1,684 56 Vineland . _ 21, 603 190 1 7 9 121 2, 372 2, 140 3,837 495 Weehawken. . . 14, 807 182 1 15 18 85 1,315 1,219 2, 108 1,001 89 Westfield _ 15. 801 180 1 12 18 115 1,893 1,823 3, 212 1, 562 38 West Orange.. . . 24, 327 183 1 9 26 157 2, 574 2,301 4, 228 2, 138 169 Woodbridge - 25, 266 179 2 10 18 163 3, 370 3, 191 5,762 1,311 50 New Mexico Albuquerque _ 26, 570 180 1 14 15 176 3, 855 3,673 5, 926 690 Roswell _ 11, 173 177 1 12 10 50 1,493 1, 540 2,285 314 Santa Fe _ . 11, 176 180 1 1 5 46 943 829 1, 341 284 New York Batavia . . . 17, 375 187 1 12 18 110 1,908 1,814 3, 370 725 Beacon. _ 11,933 175 1 6 4 60 1, 192 1, 123 1,707 297 Cohoes ... . .. 23, 226 185 1 4 2 89 1,298 1,298 2, 368 102 17 Corning: - • District no. 9... } 15,777 / 184 1 3 12 44 742 705 1,220 463 District no. 13.. \ 182 I 1 11 48 932 943 1,575 425 Cortland _ _ 15, 043 185 1 8 10 83 1, 361 1,297 2, 342 418 Dunkirk _ 17, 802 187 1 10 18 103 1,770 1,653 2, 971 560 Endicott _ 16, 231 184 1 21 9 171 3, 070 2, 871 5, 241 1,008 Floral Park... 10,016 Freeport . _ 15, 467 176 1 8 14 105 1, 793 1,700 2, 935 1,564 Fulton _ 1 12, 462 179 1 8 8 77 1, 554 1,535 2,693 348 Geneva.. _ _ 16, 053 181 1 9 13 95 1, 421 1, 410 2,506 700 Glen Cove _ _ 11, 430 182 1 10 1 70 1,277 1,204 2, 148 1,268 Glens Falls ... 18, 531 183 1 6 15 87 1,417 1,279 2, 222 873 Gloversville _ 23, 099 184 1 17 9 146 2, 369 2,299 4, 104 380 Hempstead _ 12, 650 182 1 12 16 126 2, 302 2, 195 1, 445 Herkimer _ 10, 446 181 1 4 3 71 1,290 1, 235 2, 184 489 Hornell 16, 250 186 1 9 10 115 1,760 1,712 3, 124 365 Hudson _ . 12, 337 183 1 3 5 78 1,285 1,266 2, 182 96 Irondequoit (P.O., Roches¬ ter) . . 18,024 180 1 2 1 43 587 518 904 565 Ithaca.. . . 20, 708 186 1 10 13 136 2, 151 2, 126 3, 655 295 Johnson City.. . 13, 567 187 1 6 6 136 1,982 2,004 3,457 766 Johnstown _ .. 10, 801 183 1 2 8 74 1, 195 1,058 Kenmore 16, 482 185 1 10 25 169 2,990 2, 929 4* 668 2,497 Kingston 28, 088 176 1 14 20 124 2, 667 2,411 4, 322 66 Lackawanna . 23, 948 184 1 19 21 117 2,289 2, 158 3,495 1,038 Little Falls _ _ 11, 105 181 1 4 8 62 1, 124 1,067 1,997 471 Lockport . . 23, 160 186 1 18 5 132 2, 386 2, 252 4,046 695 Lynbrook _ _. . 11,993 177 1 7 7 72 1, 242 1, 162 2,032 791 Mamaroneck _ _ 11, 766 174 1 3 15 139 2, 070 1,900 3, 331 3,880 Massena — . 10, 637 185 1 5 10 67 1,092 1,096 1,980 692 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 57 Table 4. — ( A ) Personnel , length of school term, and (B) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment 1 Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 New York— Continued 21, 276 183 1 14 9 100 1,849 1, 718 3, 083 749 North Tona- 19, 019 186 1 12 13 105 2, 190 1,988 3,692 759 16' 915 186 1 6 14 71 1, 251 1,253 2,248 236 2l' 790 184 1 15 8 162 2, 721 2, 436 4, 527 912 10, 558 180 1 5 6 64 978 991 1,743 331 12, 536 180 1 18 6 68 1,056 1,061 1,894 202 15, 241 180 1 6 7 78 1,405 1,370 2,461 884 22, 652 184 1 4 11 121 2, 252 2,026 3,632 827 17, 125 181 1 10 16 89 1,632 1,439 2, 722 927 11,851 175 1 5 17 100 1, 213 1,148 1,996 2, 460 13^ 349 184 1 1 7 47 921 900 1,467 174 22 662 185 2 17 10 164 2,892 2,703 5, 030 2, 342 Port Jervis 10, 243 182 1 6 5 45 1, 143 1,072 1,996 498 11, 223 186 1 7 2 62 1, 033 1,054 1, 647 Rockville Center. 13, 718 177 1 2 9 96 1,709 1,538 2, 625 1,246 Saratoga Springs.. 13, 169 182 1 12 12 68 1,264 1,243 2, 125 264 T'onnws ti d e 12, 681 187 1 15 8 71 1,505 1,265 2,394 809 Valley stream _ 11, 790 16, 083 183 1 6 2 69 1,339 1,237 2, 253 3 North Carolina PnnpnrH 11, 820 180 1 1 9 74 1,548 1, 615 2,787 VvUlILUi U - Elizabeth City... 10! 037 180 1 1 8 63 1,283 1, 373 2, 561 338 Fayetteville - 13, 049 160 1 5 9 71 1,632 1, 776 2,980 407 58 Gastonia 17, 093 180 1 6 13 91 2,538 2, 429 4, 286 686 Goldsboro - 14, 985 181 1 2 11 104 2, 090 2, 373 3,787 669 14 Kinston 11, 362 160 1 5 7 78 1,538 1 669 2,775 434 New "Pern 11,981 167 1 1 4 67 1,388 l! 406 2, 438 20 Rocky Mount - 21 ’,412 180 1 2 7 114 2, 569 2, 825 4, 476 479 Salisbury 16, 951 180 1 3 16 113 2, 304 2, 360 4,239 726 phclhy 10, 789 180 1 6 74 1,699 1,805 2. 793 354 Statesvil 1 e 10, 490 180 1 1 10 52 1,059 980 1,885 389 Thomasville .. 10, 090 180 1 2 5 66 1,431 1, 531 2,827 278 9 Wi’lcnri 12, 613 180 1 2 106 2,038 2, 330 3,540 T T iiOUli - North Dakota Bismarck 11,090 28, 619 176 1 5 10 52 1,083 1,008 1,876 91 Ff\ rgn 182 1 19 31 176 2, 971 3, 067 5, 260 444 Grand Forks . . 17, 112 180 1 3 29 75 1,668 1,780 3,027 428 Minot _ 16,099 180 1 2 8 77 1, 512 1,576 2,796 599 160 Ohio Alliance.. . . 23, 047 175 1 4 ■ 22 157 2,907 2,845 5,122 640 62 A shlanrl 11, 141 185 1 5 19 58 1,101 1,157 2, 050 426 A oVi tqhnlji 23^ 301 23, 934 175 1 5 18 109 2, 126 2, 113 3, 908 749 Aoli Id U Uld - RQrhpftnTi 154 1 9 26 114 2,661 2, 636 4,752 741 Ddl UCI tun - Bellaire _ _ . 13! 327 163 1 2 12 79 1,769 1, 655 3, 241 470 4 ■Rupvtik 10, 027 ’ 173 1 4 13 54 959 903 1, 750 l 691 XJ UbJ 1 lio - Cambridge _ .. 16! 129 l 173 1 3 18 96 1,844 1,731 3, 340 1 239 4 Camphell 14, 673 18 34C i 175 1 5 24 91 1,998 1, 934 3, 707 742 rbiiii pothp 1 174 S 181 1 6 16 i 95 2, 016 2, 152 3, 811 761 v_ 111111CUL11U - - - Coshocton - lo’ 90£ 1 2 13 60 1, 171 1, 138 2, 132 ! 164 Cuyahoga Falls. .. 19! 797 ' 159 1 6 18 ; 92 2, 104 2, 100 3, 702 ! 1, 076 East Liverpool _ 23, 329 1 176 1 5 24 142 2, 994 2, 902 5, 403 ; 390 Elyria . 25, 633 l 184 t 1 15 3C l 129 2, 642 2, 521 4,785 i 1, 079 45 Euclid 12, 751 176 i 1 . 3 21 98 1,717 1,631 3, 041 1, 720 19, 363 ! 178 1 1 1C 31 102 1,918 1,907 3, 656 i 421 1 lUUld)' - TTnQtnri q 12,’ 79C ) 179 i l 1 17 54 1, 138 1, 154 2, 167 123 X' UobUl la - Fremont.., . 13, 42i ! 183 1 1 3 23 l 76 1, 478 1,425 2, 726 i 70 4 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — ( A ) Personnel, length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-82 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Ohio— Contd. Garfield Heights (P.O. Cleve- land) _ 15, 589 173 1 9 14 62 1,454 1, 288 2, 346 760 Ironton - 16, 621 177 1 4 9 91 1,636 1,561 2,883 877 145 Lancaster _ -- 18, 716 170 1 7 19 90 1,852 1,777 3, 222 551 14, 285 182 1 6 24 62 1,499 1, 564 2, 765 509 Martins Ferry - 14; 524 174 1 6 16 74 1,566 1,463 2,828 26, 400 174 1 6 34 117 2, 321 2, 225 4, 336 944 29, 992 172 1 11 24 158 3, 120 3, 060 5, 681 1, 707 New Philadel- 12, 365 175 1 6 14 73 1, 416 1, 356 2,632 310 16, 314 168 1 3 21 90 1,995 1,892 3, 489 729 10, 944 179 1 2 12 62 1,061 1,057 1, 951 471 Parma (P.O., Cleveland) _ - 13, 899 174 1 8 16 86 1, 759 1, 659 3, 187 1, 533 Piqua - 16, 009 180 1 4 18 67 1,493 1,408 2, 613 370 9 Salem _ _ - 10, 622 167 1 1 13 69 1,359 1, 353 2, 326 255 Sandusky _ 24, 622 177 1 2 16 no 2, 104 2, 057 3, 921 434 41 Shaker Heights (P.O., Cleve¬ land) _ 17, 783 182 1 10 35 159 1, 858 1, 854 3, 323 4, 312 103 Struthers _ 11,249 175 1 3 28 62 1,690 1,544 3, 040 593 Tiffin.. _ . 16, 428 179 1 6 14 49 1, 151 1,097 2, 002 488 Wooster _ _ .. 10, 742 174 1 2 15 53 1, 115 1, 112 2, 154 423 Xenia . . 10, 507 162 1 5 9 52 1, 164 1,196 2,001 431 Oklahoma Ada . . 11, 261 175 1 2 20 59 1,487 1, 519 2, 356 265 27 Ardmore _ 15, 741 173 1 7 18 73 1, 676 1,677 2,642 533 92 Bartlesville _ _ 14, 763 180 1 7 15 95 1,836 1,845 3,249 774 173 Chickasha... _ 14, 099 175 1 2 16 85 1,793 1,802 2, 998 7 368 96 Enid.. _ 26, 399 175 1 7 18 134 3, 056 2, 876 7 5, 000 835 291 Lawton _ _ 12, 121 177 1 2 13 83 1,418 1,451 2, 599 182 21 McAlester.. _ 11,804 176 1 10 9 81 1,646 1,621 2, 869 506 203 Okmulgee _ 17, 097 179 2 7 16 92 1,889 1,809 3, 086 732 151 Ponca City _ 16, 136 175 1 12 21 103 1, 958 1,978 3,387 998 276 Sapulpa _ _ 10, 533 180 1 1 20 78 1, 775 1,689 2, 933 291 214 Seminole . 11, 459 175 1 2 19 63 1, 911 2, 025 2, 872 182 45 Shawnee _ _ 23, 283 175 1 13 25 133 2, 898 2, 826 4, 703 620 87 Wewoka . 10, 401 174 1 5 9 44 1, 795 1,706 2,567 Oregon Astoria _ 10, 349 167 1 5 8 66 1,000 1,027 1, 751 370 Eugene 18, 901 172 1 23 113 1, 941 1, 908 3, 375 403 Klamath Falls _ 16, 093 182 1 7 0 76 1, 160 1, 230 1, 927 552 Medford 11,007 184 1 12 • 17 77 1,469 1, 522 2, 401 390 Salem 26, 266 172 1 20 24 156 3, 406 3, 307 4, 509 157 Pennsylvania Abington. _ 18, 648 190 1 11 28 122 2, 064 1,874 3, 328 1, 720 189 Aliquippa _ 27, 116 180 1 12 35 152 3, 608 3,315 6, 202 1,291 165 Am bridge _ 20, 227 180 2 9 34 116 2, 661 2, 366 4, 574 646 77 Arnold _ ... 10, 575 180 1 2 13 50 1, 246 1, 171 2,369 283 Beaver Falls... 17, 147 180 1 3 27 118 2, 011 1,927 3, 421 729 Bellevue. ... 10, 252 190 1 4 12 51 739 777 1, 456 307 Berwick _ 12, 660 190 1 3 17 77 1, 695 1, 765 3, 179 553 Braddock _ . 19, 329 180 1 10 14 98 1, 755 1, 670 3, 162 182 Bradford _ _ 19, 306 180 1 3 16 100 1, 816 1, 741 3, 029 377 Bristol _ 11, 799 193 1 1 9 62 1, 176 1, 131 1,985 144 ^ Estimated. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 59 Table 4. — (A) Personnel, length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1981-82 — Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pennsylvania— Continued Butler - ... 23,568 180 1 6 18 138 2, 912 2,802 4,981 360 12,558 180 1 4 7 84 1,843 1,901 3, 378 401 20, 061 187 1 11 13 111 2, 184 2, 165 4, 131 590 12,' 596 189 1 3 15 67 1,458 1, 507 2, 561 326 Carnegie..- . 12; 497 185 1 7 8 63 1,487 1, 375 2, 616 401 45 Chambersburg..- 13,788 180 1 5 15 77 1,628 1, 626 2, 748 461 18 Charleroi 4— 11,260 180 1 7 12 78 1, 542 1, 588 2,760 366 84 Cheltenham. 15, 731 186 1 10 31 106 1,465 1, 512 2,662 1,565 216 15, 291 190 1 10 20 121 2,260 2, 125 4,023 14' 582 190 1 6 27 88 1, 933 1, 827 3, 217 295 111 349 190 1 5 46 1, 013 953 1, 934 38 CoTuiellsville- . . 13| 290 180 1 8 22 92 1,441 1,479 2,797 277 161 Conshohocken _ 10. 815 190 1 0 49 924 778 1, 627 164 23 Coraopolis _ 10, 724 190 1 5 10 67 1, 476 1, 370 2,438 527 34 Dickson _ _ 12, 395 180 1 1 10 73 1,557 1, 327 2,391 373 Donora _ . 13, 905 180 1 8 23 97 1, 846 1, 824 3, 574 788 Dormont (P.O., Pittsburgh) _ 13, 190 178 1 3 15 76 1,336 1,207 2,210 856 46 Du Bois.. 11, 595 180 1 10 13 65 1,265 1,246 2, 440 79 Dnnmnre 22, 627 188 1 12 20 127 2, 932 2, 712 5, 100 200 Duquesne.. _ 21,396 180 1 6 30 119 2, 673 2,386 4, 495 689 143 Ellwnnd Cit.y 12, 323 180 1 2 25 96 1,961 1,843 3,575 350 Farrell _ 14, 359 180 1 4 15 86 2, 014 1,966 3, 672 515 20 Franklin 10,254 180 1 2 9 65 1, 114 1, 058 1,942 24 Grppnshnrg 16, 508 180 1 21 116 2, 057 1, 930 3,538 995 Hanover (boro)... 11, 805 180 1 4 13 56 1, 103 1, 139 2,088 303 Hanover (town¬ ship) (P.O., Wilkes-Barre).. 17, 770 191 1 22 45 114 2, 386 2, 293 4,396 866 120 Harrison (P.O., atrnn a"! 12, 387 180 1 5 61 1, 185 1, 130 2,211 414 Haverford (P.O., Llanerch)... 21, 362 185 1 14 32 121 1,994 1,922 3, 361 2,047 255 Homestead.. 20, 141 180 1 11 23 98 2, 122 1, 874 3, 456 577 73 Jeannette ... 15, 126 180 1 5 18 80 2, 009 1,833 3, 401 333 90 Uin^sfon 21, 600 190 1 11 19 133 2, 391 2,290 4, 019 10 989 T.atrnhe 10, 644 180 1 3 19 61 1, 237 1, 236 2,256 117 Lebanon _ _ 25, 561 190 1 4 29 108 2, 279 2,146 4,286 464 53 Lewistown . _ . 13, 357 180 1 9 14 69 1,518 1, 501 2,638 357 65 McKees Rocks. ._ 18, 116 200 1 1 14 91 I 1, 623 1,553 2,766 770 Mahanoy City. . . 14, 784 190 1 7 6 62 1, 157 965 1, 750 115 Meadville.. 16, 698 180 1 7 8 95 1,913 1,739 2, 978 348 12 Monessen .. . 20,268 180 1 11 22 139 2, 757 2,480 5, 037 920 76 Mount Carmel. . 17, 967 180 1 3 7 67 1,564 1,366 2,610 117 30 Mount Lebanon .. 13, 403 190 1 7 17 83 1,672 1, 608 2, 582 622 85 Munhall. . 12,995 182 1 1 14 74 2,031 1, 993 2,633 992 45 Nant.ienke 26, 043 190 1 11 31 131 2,709 2, 247 4, 816 551 New Kensington- 23, 002 181 1 11 25 130 3, 100 2, 798 5, 179 675 91 North Braddock— 16, 782 180 1 6 23 108 2, 129 1,899 3, 882 885 Oil City 22, 075 180 1 4 21 129 2, 324 2, 334 4, 147 750 Old Fnrgp 12, 661 190 1 1 29 82 1,816 1,641 3,046 179 Olyphant 10, 743 185 1 2 6 81 1, 344 1, 184 2, 277 80 Phoenixville. _ 12! 029 190 1 . 4 9 60 1,011 939 1,246 470 30 Pit.tst.nn 18, 246 185 1 11 10 128 2, 126 2,167 3, 138 255 Plains..- ... .. . 16,044 188 1 1 40 83 2, 387 2,033 " 4, 125 400 21 Plymnnth 16, 543 189 1 3 14 88 1,849 1,743 3,275 290 Pottstown 19, 430 194 1 7 14 106 1,909 1,736 3,541 825 73 Pottsville... 24, 300 19C 1 10 22 110 2, 097 2,105 3, 938 1, 120 136 Rhamnkin 20, 274 180 1 1 5 1 19 85 1, 882 1, 757 3, 478 107 Sharon. _ 25,908 180 1 1 7 1 20 156 , 2,903 2,668 5,050 1,380 285 Shpnandnah 21, 782 193 .1 7 6 104 I 2,052. 1,911 3, 643 330 Steelton . . 13,291 184 l| € »| 18 i| 62 1, 3261 1, 194 2,306 378 41 4 Statistics of 1930. 7 Estimated. 10 Statistics of 1928. 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — (^4) Personnel, length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds ^out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pennsylvania— Continued Stowe (P.O., Me- Kees Rocks) _ 13, 368 195 1 1 23 82 1,545 1,494 2,942 643 72 15, 626 180 1 6 18 91 1,893 1,813 3, 373 389 Swissvale 16, 029 180 1 1 15 93 1,504 1,450 2,833 816 24 Tamaqua... 12, 936 190 1 2 6 69 1,292 1,356 2, 609 338 Taylor. _ _ 10| 428 180 1 4 10 73 1, 363 1,301 2, 354 215 Turtle Creek.. . 10| 690 180 1 1 49 822 861 1, 376 326 37 Uniontown .. 19; 544 180 1 7 35 120 2, 630 2,510 4,440 1,265 390 11, 479 180 1 10 5 68 1, 438 1,387 2, 699 261 U, 863 180 1 3 20 92 1,760 1,906 2, 924 617 Washington _ _ 24j 545 180 2 12 14 130 2, 785 2,766 4,781 1, 120 Waynesboro. .. 10' 167 180 1 2 12 53 1, 121 1, 116 2,031 121 West Chester _ 12, 325 192 1 8 24 59 1, 215 1, 243 2,095 172 13 Wilkinsburg _ 29, 639 179 1 15 35 179 3, 108 3,115 5,249 1,914 81 Rhode Island Bristol . . 11, 953 184 1 9 7 69 1,336 1,280 2,315 Central Falls . _. 25, 898 182 1 9 12 79 1,539 1, 367 2, 533 250 Cumberland (P.O., Valley Falls) 10, 304 184 1 3 4 52 972 905 1,698 192 East Providence. . 29, 995 183 2 8 30 169 3, 216 3,281 5, 478 1,068 Lincoln (P.O., Lonsdale)4 _ 10, 421 185 1 3 1 38 687 666 1, 143 15 Newport _ 27, 612 183 1 5 29 126 2, 463 2, 326 4, 166 730 60 North Providence 11, 104 183 1 4 1 59 1,047 923 1, 775 231 Warwick (P.O., Apponaug) .. . 23, 196 183 1 2 24 121 2,599 2,372 4, 478 650 Westerly 10, 997 179 1 6 14 66 1,228 1, 186 2, 184 760 West Warwick ... 17, 696 185 2 2 10 79 1, 655 1,512 2,789 620 154 South Carolina Anderson.. . .. 14, 383 180 1 13 13 157 3,039 3,267 4, 996 445 104 Florence _ 14, 774 178 1 4 17 107 2, 398 2,576 4, 105 742 Greenville . . 29, 154 180 1 7 30 214 4, 106 4,295 6, 995 789 375 Greenwood 4. . 11, 020 178 1 2 11 92 1,633 1,886 3,008 350 Rock Hill _ 11, 322 180 1 2 14 84 1, 730 1,889 2,920 307 76 Spartanburg _ . 28, 723 175 1 8 21 172 3, 434 3,731 6, 318 750 285 Sumter ... 11, 780 164 1 2 10 73 1,592 1, 840 2, 819 335 South Dakota Aberdeen.. .. ... 16, 465 181 1 S 20 93 1,805 1,837 3, 154 368 91 Huron 10, 946 177 1 s 17 76 1,308 1,369 2,332 226 Mitchell _ .. 10, 942 174 1 1C 8 62 1,090 1, 116 1,907 190 Rapid City _ 10,404 180 1 4 12 75 1,317 1, 317 2,245 415 210 Watertown . .. . 10, 214 18C 1 1 4 15 64 1, 151 1,119 2,011 223 10 Tennessee Bristol. . 12, 00£ i 175 i 1 2 ! 9 1 ‘ 77 1, 612 1, 527 2,814 381 Jackson _ _ 22, 172 ! 18C 1 1 1C 1 3 1 73 2,578 2,990 4, 516 300 Johnson City _ 25, 08C 1 i7e i 1 1C I 31 154 2,683 2, 674 4, 663 951 Kingsport . . 11,911 i 17C ) 1 < i 11 88 1,462 1, 518 2,536 Texas Abilene _ 23, 175 > 176 i 1 11 24 118 2, 394 2,340 4, 079 893 Big Spring . . 13, 735 i 176 i 2 2 ! 11 64 1, 213 1, 203 1, 987 365 36 4 Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 61 Table 4. — (A) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days)! Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers E nrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Texas — Contd. Brownsville .. . 22, 021 175 2 4 6 113 2,208 2,096 3, 150 890 11 Brownwood __ . 12, 789 167 1 3 10 79 1,371 1,350 2,284 281 56 11,539 176 1 8 14 66 1, 567 1, 584 2,903 288 Corpus Christi. . . 27i 741 175 1 15 8 133i 2, 861 2,725 4, 193 762 15, 202 175 1 7 14 89 2, 067 2, 236 3, 197 Del Rio _ _ 11, 693 173 1 3 6 34 657 703 1, 141 290 13; 850 175 1 3 16 76 1,668 1, 580 2,682 12; 407 175 1 8 7 73 1,606 1.508 2, 666 152 12; 124 175 1 8 5 79 1,425 1, 388 2, 674 664 Highland Park (P.O., Dallas).. 12, 622 175 1 4 13 80 1, 352 1,265 2,285 849 20, 52C 176 1 7 28 128 2, 598 2, 455 3, 962 1, 190 16; 203 172 1 12 7 108 2, 684 2,993 4,268 240 Palestine. - - li; 445 175 1 2 14 53 1, 420 1, 474 2, 367 214 18 Pampa.. _ 10, 470 177 1 8 13 84 1,418 1,368 2,413 555 Paris-- . -- 15,649 165 1 2 19 89 1, 850 1,937 3,265 398 110 San Angelo. 25, 308 175 1 12 21 146 2,451 2,549 4,032 1,155 100 San Benito.. . 10, 753 15, 713 175 1 4 7 55 1,060 1,062 1, 780 499 Sherman. ... 177 1 9 17 76 1, 456 1, 497 2, 603 Sweetwater _ _ 10, 848 175 1 5 13 51 1,083 1,073 1, 671 521 18 Temple. . ... — 15, 345 173 1 6 17 70 1,431 1,414 2, 306 393 104 Texarkana 16, 602 175 1 j 20 92 2,098 2, 173 3, 314 593 Tyler . 17, 113 174 1 9 15 111 2, 654 2,600 4,263 565 Utah Provo _ _ 14, 766 175 1 8 31 73 2,043 2,036 3,483 271 Vermont Barre .. . .. 11, 307 176 1 1 9 56 1,093 1, 022 1,880 108 Burlington 24, 789 176 1 10 10 92 1,597 1,541 2, 865 584 Rutland. _ _ 17, 315 183 1 2 9 73 1,295 1,396 2, 335 425 Virginia Alp.xanriria 24, 149 183 1 11 11 118 2, 507 2,401 4, 147 C harlottesville _ 15, 245 181 1 4 10 93 1, 885 2, 071 3, 279 620 Danville 2^ 247 180 1 13 8 12 8 119 2,448 2,514 4,575 34 Hopewell 11, 327 180 1 5 7 84 1,315 1,313 2,257 435 Petersburg 28, 564 180 1 12 15 154 3, 163 3,508 5,750 Staunton 11,990 181 1 5 3 45 909 990 1,652 315 Suffolk 10, 271 174 1 4 2 68 940 1,076 1,868 Winchester 10, 855 184 1 2 11 60 1, 149 1,188 1, 959 Washington Aberdeen . _ .. 21, 723 181 1 11 28 100 2,139 2,102 3,697 516 18 Brempxtrm 10, 170 180 1 3 19 73 1,627 1, 511 2,652 208 Hoquiam. . 12] 766 181 1 9 9 56 1,300 1,357 2,324 233 Longview 10, 652 180 1 5 13 70 1, 504 1,433 2,408 476 Olympia 11, 733 181 1 12 18 74 1,663 1,711 2,841 341 Port. Angeles lo’ 188 180 1 4 16 57 1,380 1,317 2, 107 103 Vanmiivpr 15’ 766 180 1 7 16 96 2,072 1,964 3, 355 312 Walla Walla 15’, 976 183 1 9 1 16 93 1, 776 1,781 2,978 172 Wenatchee ll’ 627 171 1 7 18 110 2, 151 2, 128 3, 315 441 Vakima 22! 101 180 1 10 l 37 136 3, 387 3, 376 5,428 569 West Virginia Bliipfipid 19, 339 168 1 £ i 26 147 2,419 2,453 4, 159 340 Clarksburg: City district _ } 28,866 / 178 1 12 ! 24 144 2, 223 2,265 4,059 118 Coal district _ l 162 S 1 19 95 1,997 1,913 3, 473 8 Distribution by sex estimated. 62 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — {A) Personnel , length of school term, and ( B ) school bonds outstanding, and balance in school sinking funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP ILL— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION— Continued City 1 West Virginia— Continued Fairmont: Independent district _ Union district.. Martinsburg _ Morgantown . Moundsville _ Parkersburg . Wisconsin Appleton _ Ashland _ Beloit.. . . Cudahy . . Eau Claire _ Fond du Lac _ Janesville _ Manitowoc _ Marinette _ Shorewood (P.O., Milwaukee) _ South Milwaukee. Stevens Point _ Two Rivers _ Watertown.. _ Waukesha.. . Wausau _ Wauwatosa _ Wyoming Casper . . Cheyenne . A B Popula¬ tion (census of 1930) Aver¬ age school term (days) Super¬ intend¬ ents and assist¬ ant super¬ intend¬ ents Super¬ visors and prin¬ cipals Teachers Enrollment Average daily attend¬ ance School bonds out¬ stand¬ ing (thou¬ sands of dol¬ lars) Amount in sink¬ ing funds (thou¬ sands of dollars) Men Wom¬ en Boys Girls 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 l OQ 1 CQ | 177 1 11 24 113 1,886 2,015 3, 438 942 39 > zo, ioy 1 177 1 6 11 53 1, 140 1, 124 1, 912 393 14, 857 181 1 1 16 68 1,580 1,526 2,730 473 16, 186 175 1 8 32 165 3,006 2,851 5,200 675 14,411 173 1 7 9 79 1, 859 1,810 2, 941 241 29, 623 180 1 20 42 175 2,960 3,030 5,738 203 25, 267 173 2 9 23 130 2,353 2,245 4, 180 640 10, 622 181 1 11 9 55 978 997 1,792 23,611 183 1 3 26 164 2, 761 2,749 4, 920 277 10, 631 189 1 4 15 50 997 979 1,648 331 26, 287 174 1 13 43 142 2,749 2,706 4,839 26, 449 180 1 3 29 156 2,589 2,521 4, 652 443 21, 628 189 1 16 16 106 1, 783 1,782 3,285 22, 963 185 1 11 30 104 1,883 1,992 3, 425 613 13, 734 186 1 1 4 15 72 1,332 1, 349 2,262 13, 479 190 1 4 22 90 1,463 1,358 2, 431 1,484 25 10, 706 186 1 3 19 49 958 924 1,745 424 13, 623 185 1 4 14 62 1, 210 1, 132 2, 188 110 10, 083 188 1 1 13 41 753 724 1,326 311 10, 613 193 1 3 9 40 793 744 1,425 125 17, 176 184 1 5 17 101 1,809 1,750 3, 123 422 23, 758 177 2 6 23 124 2, 328 2,409 4,113 538 21, 194 184 1 7 26 126 2,103 2, 062 3, 820 1, 056 16, 619 185 2 20 23 197 2,830 2, 815 4, 921 646 17, 361 181 1 5 13 100 2,217 2, 092 3, 650 832 Rr$r • i ■ ‘ 64 BIENNIAL STJKVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 City Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Alabama 1 Birmingham _ $78, 266 $2, 085, 251 $154,016 $81, 682 $18, 706 $22, 661 $2, 440, 582 California 2 Long Beach - 207, 610 3, 311, 248 422, 088 86, 361 101, 419 295, 377 4, 424, 103 3 Los Angeles . . . 1, 199, 756 24, 568, 380 2, 766, 061 853, 941 1, 306, 683 239, 176 30, 933, 997 4 Oakland-.. . 167, 451 4, 938, 949 427, 506 226, 504 131, 456 48, 203 5, 940, 069 5 San Diego.. . . 91, 560 2, 239, 476 241, 281 153, 200 59, 434 25, 424 2, 810, 376 6 San Francisco - 270, 122 6, 926, 787 730, 274 398, 415 244, 675 623,124 9, 093, 397 Colorado 7 Denver - 173, 349 4,085,763 351, 705 153, 807 153, 321 156, 488 6, 074, 433 Connecticut 8 Bridgeport . . 54, 053 1, 940, 950 232, 440 75, 104 15,800 5, 011 2, 323, 358 9 Hartford . 123, 762 2, 716, 667 440, 440 186, 052 220, 449 32, 682 3, 720, 052 10 New Haven... 64, 499 2, 501, 224 371, 300 117,691 5,246 31, 126 3, 091, 086 Delaware 11 Wilmington - 54, 755 1, 264, 227 123,097 56, 111 27, 885 19,808 1, 545, 883 District of Co¬ lumbia 12 Washington . . 200,583 7, 302, 703 1, 101, 518 669, 727 154, 473 403, 016 9, 832, 020 Florida 13 Jacksonville _ _ 44,539 1, 271, 952 94, 327 72, 745 76, 690 20, 447 1, 580, 700 14 Miami1. _ 48, 235 1, 158, 025 123, 664 55, 964 65, 224 1,004 1,452,116 15 Tampa 3 _ 25,000 968, 764 85,000 40,000 35,000 26, 380 1, 180, 144 Georgia 16 Atlanta. . 50,557 2, 688, 079 145, 917 122, 145 22,996 7,034 3,036, 728 Illinois 17 Chicago . . 2, 136, 817 37, 617, 525 6, 551, 863 2, 556, 732 1, 835, 543 1, 624, 830 52, 323, 310 18 Peoria _ _ 43, 962 867, 424 125, 400 74, 140 21, 676 15, 692 1, 148, 294 Indiana 19 Evansville _ _ 29,446 926, 697 101, 145 42, 113 41, 109 2, 844 1, 143, 354 20 Fort Wayne - 51, 061 1, 172, 717 194, 315 27, 092 27, 157 14, 062 1, 486, 404 21 Gary.. . . . ... 62, 958 1, 404, 807 180, 037 60, 439 44,884 34, 760 1, 787, 885 22 Indianapolis _ 194, 865 4, 440, 353 540, 291 125, 555 507, 650 42, 391 5, 851, 105 23 South Bend _ _ 61, 466 1, 225, 327 186, 477 48, 083 141, 055 6,124 1, 668, 532 Iowa 24 Des Moines _ 104, 215 1, 826, 789 333, 208 99,282 30, 101 74, 124 2, 467, 719 Kansas 25 Kansas City _ ... 147, 440 1, 288, 403 159, 467 83,604 83,866 20,224 1, 783, 004 26 Wichita _ _ 51, 796 1, 547, 439 189, 019 101, 410 29,557 14, 251 1, 933, 472 Kentucky 27 Louisville . 120, 174 2, 516, 075 300, 182 60,339 44, 482 23, 641 3, 064, 893 Louisiana 28 New Orleans . . 79, 941 3, 241, 719 270, 035 222, 031 94, 515 148, 118 4, 056, 359 1 This report covers Dade County of which Miami’s population is almost 80 percent. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 65 from current funds, city school systems, 1931-32 POPULATION AND MORE Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 1? 13 14 15 $13,290 $8,941 $312, 481 $205, 000 $15, 814 $2, 996, 108 $33, 666 67,594 406,625 350,000 150, 957 5, 432, 945 214,504 893. 677 265,060 3, 055, 836 2, 357, 602 4, 829, 678 42, 550, 354 81, 740 89, 071 687, 572 464, 347 480, 822 7, 743, 621 33, 287 45, 749 244, 091 99,125 206, 140 3, 438, 767 161, 710 297,638 706, 033 699,000 1, 047, 745 12, 005, 523 160,269 47, 329 11,769 447, 035 226, 968 286,422 6, 254, 225 29,872 192, 831 219,000 38,800 2, 803, 861 U7i 812 4, 139 476, 215 940, 942 140, 377 5, 399, 537 53,019 26, 356 23. 086 35, 181 59, 626 3, 288, 354 4,996 34,650 53, 595 80,000 986, 108 2, 705, 232 93, 873 34,007 4, 456, 171 14, 416, 071 300, 457 316, 328 17,284 2, 214, 769 534, 316 344, 164 266, 024 2, 596, 620 236,000 656,260 29,944 2, 102, 348 66,618 297, 143 283, 993 53,874 3, 738, 356 511, 914 630, 876 549, 351 5, 471, 358 5, 071, 279 4, 625, 406 69, 183, 494 7, 191 4, 249 19,889 59,000 546, 721 1, 785, 344 5, 928 13,734 108, 355 157,000 5,699 1,434,070 169, 481 267, 225 28,746 1, 951, 856 7, 820 57, 827 53,446 155, 779 149, 800 271, 773 2, 484, 330 34,736 474, 485 550, 108 449, 974 7, 360, 408 8, 451 1,655 173, 349 187, 500 110,071 2, 149, 558 3,029 12,134 343, 360 100,000 34,099 2, 960, 341 15, 442 103,279 117,000 86,838 2, 105, 563 5, 291 9,990 120, 618 136, 169 235, 453 2, 440, 993 1, 416 409,110 80, 436 57, 810 3, 613, 665 58,193 443,181 4, 003, 479 575,054 9, 136, 266 1 Estimated part of county system. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 24 25 26 27 28 8 c5 S3 66 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses, outlays, and other payments from GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Maryland Baltimore _ _ $304, 975 $7, 586, 850 $882, 629 $339, 095 $110,449 $873, 899 $10, 097,897 Massachusetts Boston - - 799, 921 12, 525, 307 1, 326, 938 1, 331, 076 720, 064 162, 960 16, 866, 266 Cambridge. . . .. . 75, 501 1, 539, 028 191, 642 70, 879 90, 908 9, 475 1, 977, 433 Fall River. . .. 23, 906 862, 703 129, 807 36, 724 38, 169 12, 062 1, 103, 371 Lowell _ _ 15, 246 1, 079, 426 193, 540 26, 556 34, 675 2, 954 1, 352, 397 Lynn _ _ 56, 440 1, 143, 387 195, 688 45, 637 25, 163 10, 186 5, 724 1, 457, 062 New Bedford... ... 33, 714 1,240,437 171, 059 27, 870 2,006 1, 500, 249 29, 129 121, 705 1, 120, 161 2, 503, 342 151, 950 467, 101 52, 637 36, 829 1, 390, 706 3, 356, 360 Springfield - - . 170, 450 90, 762 3,000 Worcester _ 61, 254 2,840,118 289, 056 180, 719 85, 347 111, 423 3, 567, 917 Michigan Detroit - - — 578, 099 16, 346, 776 2, 447, 798 457, 601 695, 694 74, 156 20, 600, 124 Flint _ 129, 388 1,856, 958 374, 298 62, 986 171, 450 1, 141 2, 596, 221 Grand Rapids - 94, 437 2, 519, 205 391, 941 107, 599 85, 656 4, 421 3, 203, 259 Minnesota Duluth _ 66, 468 1, 640, 349 305, 658 64, 245 63, 510 24, 277 2, 164, 507 Minneapolis. - St. Paul 215, 166 6, 361, 108 957, 625 516, 176 196, 531 38, 616 8, 285, 222 3, 429, 417 104, 071 2, 680, 885 425, 692 135, 327 83, 442 Missouri Kansas City _ 243, 479 4, 713, 628 615, 033 212, 059 353, 690 18, 695 6, 156, 584 St. Louis - - j 411,231 8, 577, 385 1, 054, 823 587, 669 728, 346 203, 050 11, 562, 504 Nebraska Omaha.. _ _ 154, 269 2, 779, 486 367, 943 82, 688 36, 117 63,174 3, 483, 677 New Jersey Camden. _ .. 41, 422 1,652,011 187, 654 85, 742 43, 821 29, 702 2, 040, 352 Elizabeth . . . 59, 933 1, 570, 674 200, 808 144, 179 36, 067 7, 378 2, 019, 039 Jersey City - 246, 380 4, 696, 586 673, 700 84, 493 294, 646 47, 478 6, 043, 283 Newark _ . . . 428, 098 7, 834, 701 754, 676 327, 541 566, 870 38, 621 9, 950, 507 Paterson _ ... 54, 747 2, 694, 003 327, 228 67, 536 65, 313 18, 973 3, 227, 800 Trenton.. _ 109, 875 1, 850, 767 225, 205 99, 031 65, 395 15, 953 2, 366, 226 New York Albany. ... _ _ 61, 453 1, 363, 865 178, 808 54, 955 71, 789 81, 802 1, 812, 672 11, 151,446 Buffalo _ 344, 402 8, 373, 487 1,304,788 375, 383 162, 050 591, 336 New York _ 3,311,735 117, 351,764 9, 068, 217 4, 570, 980 4, 213, 383 11, 179, 705 149, 695, 784 Rochester _ 259, 021 5, 385, 629 810, 248 320, 871 98, 866 417, 566 292, 080 7, 292, 201 Syracuse _ 60, 456 2, 919, 145 397, 512 100, 991 125, 519 3, 895, 703 Utica _ . 25, 943 1, 339, 971 158. 959 87, 747 43, 731 87, 617 1, 743, 968 3, 638, 127 Yonkers _ _ 71, 532 2, 956, 025 311,320 50, 677 69, 664 178, 909 Ohio Akron _ _ 54,886 2, 456, 525 334, 214 86, 939 40,463 107, 666 3, 080, 693 Canton. . ... 35, 271 1, 232, 491 195, 310 21, 751 74, 799 50, 815 1, 610, 437 Cincinnati. . ... . 240, 892 5, 635, 653 672, 748 260, 826 213, 209 212, 181 7, 235, 509 Cleveland.. _ 868, 888 12, 422, 024 1, 632, 832 530, 267 592, 071 486, 185 16, 532, 267 Columbus _ 78, 895 3, 456, 400 474, 420 136, 303 150, 976 122, 518 4, 419, 512 Dayton _ _ 71, 572 2, 236, 254 327, 472 13, 698 40,508 78, 250 2, 767, 754 Toledo _ 104, 183 3, 260, 133 357, 482 81, 383 72, 913 117, 851 3, 993, 945 Youngstown. . 48, 232 2, 222, 828 287, 252 59, 069 66, 280 51, 326 2, 734, 987 Oklahoma Oklahoma City . 62, 064 1, 973, 958 274, 134 55,500 44, 571 34,688 2, 444, 915 Tulsa . 78, 505 1, 964, 110 222, 725 101, 251 72, 321 39, 975 2, 478, 887 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 67 current funds, city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued POPULATION AND MORE— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $9,756 $115, 237 $35,757 $1, 087, 595 $793, 008 $425, 877 $12, 565, 127 208,119 215, 614 106, 877 296, 924 316,008 3, 789, 515 21, 799, 323 19, 015 25,783 54, 358 77, 126 121,500 415, 992 2, 691, 207 47. 881 535 98, 018 159, 500 1, 409, 305 23,350 17, 536 49, 141 133,500 568 1, 576, 492 10, 331 32,665 1, 281 128, 410 283, 300 41,509 1, 954, 558 68,245 26, 410 114, 966 267,000 1, 976, 870 10, 921 2i;020 3, 128 140, 625 182,000 440,865 2, 189, 265 43, 756 60,969 18, 237 124, 780 305, 215 450, 249 4, 359, 566 48, 955 35, 760 11, 141 42,568 246,000 1, 116, 148 5, 068, 489 236,490 209, 629 87,804 3, 469, 977 9, 729, 803 2. 604, 699 36, 938, 526 13, 072 5,578 7,008 438, 819 1, 029, 823 63, 123 4, 153, 644 15,640 56,740 199,567 355, 869 68, 582 3, 899, 657 16,080 6, 178 224, 501 235,833 57, 563 2, 704, 662 68, 405 42,909 1, 087, 182 1, 460, 512 10, 944, 230 2,755 8,322 419, 190 473, 924 4, 333, 608 8, 822 23, 846 22,634 978, 874 4, 034, 278 719, 597 11, 944, 635 8,935 247, 855 161, 016 83, 108 264,305 1, 420, 702 13, 748, 425 2, 138 455, 601 392, 171 349, 759 4, 683, 346 28,538 5,063 210, 750 134, 821 22, 561 2,442,085 19, 692 31, 356 17, 997 287, 715 178, 953 192, 273 2, 747, 025 38,696 174, 205 49, 986 740, 241 507,032 1, 371, 186 8, 924, 629 95, 437 356, 348 336, 669 911, 035 506, 148 1, 348, 847 13, 504,991 36, 749 38,587 5, 292 364, 518 229, 705 322, 787 4, 225, 438 25,260 57, 315 13, 672 351, 520 532, 041 415, 311 3, 761, 345 44,692 17,950 218,823 250, 100 17,522 2, 361, 759 136, 502 160, 102 34, 372 1, 302, 486 2, 402, 070 1, 666, 256 16, 853, 234 2, 456, 242 2, 296, 778 397, 601 14, 016, 469 12, 974, 943 16, 703, 853 198, 541, 670 119, 394 90,480 23,469 630, 661 587, 661 2, 307, 684 11, 051, 550 55, 542 42,163 411, 190 715, 936 1,841 5, 122, 375 47, 332 31,094 82, 027 169, 346 87, 905 2, 161, 672 39,296 28, 711 9,671 446, 300 402, 950 112,821 4, 677, 876 5, 470 6, 916 486,589 688,507 145, 111 4, 413, 286 11, 051 318, 897 228, 560 50,808 2, 219, 753 154, 011 40,936 777, 293 548, 872 1, 195, 313 9, 951, 934 113, 021 160,408 1,311,941 1,838, 215 1,686,068 21, 641, 920 18, 459 26, 733 35,008 528, 876 773, 754 166, 747 5, 969, 089 18,422 2, 017 423, 776 485, 473 374,334 4, 071, 776 3,955 4,560 673, 092 256, 158 682,909 5, 614, 619 23,504 11, 173 92, 724 413, 395 72, 770 3, 348, 553 13,370 437, 683 1,272 348,632 3, 245,872 395,834 377, 727 115,550 3,367,998 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 i 5 6 7 8 Oregon 71 Portland . . $178, 707 $3, 850, 545 $419, 121 $107, 829 $90, 029 $35, 647 $4, 681,878 Pennsylvania 72 Erie _ _ _ 74, 351 1, 449, 888 238, 592 90, 832 138, 414 46, 343 2, 038, 420 73 Philadelphia _ _ 1, 051, 785 21, 717, 059 2, 140, 054 864, 039 1, 030, 334 1, 186, 025 27, 989, 296 74 Pittsburgh . 523, 439 9, 368, 477 1, 309, 994 541, 136 215, 436 242, 347 12, 200, 829 75 Reading _ .. 86, 721 1, 362, 711 247, 597 86, 429 39, 510 56, 191 1, 879, 159 76 Scranton. .. .. 81,816 1, 882, 488 212, 101 103, 298 59, 197 77, 999 2, 416, 899 Rhode Island 77 Providence. . 204, 222 3, 475, 504 491, 654 202, 977 129, 687 1,087 4, 505, 131 Tennessee 78 Chattanooga 3 _ 25, 700 801, 144 64, 429 8,251 14, 885 914, 409 79 Knoxville _ 32, 592 895, 706 87, 187 24, 900 18, 824 27,453 1, 086, 662 80 Memphis.. . .. ... 48, 905 1, 980, 174 180, 841 43, 845 30, 234 26, 761 2, 310, 760 81 Nashville _ _ 30, 921 839, 503 71, 179 32, 504 13, 383 9, 192 996, 682 Texas 82 Dallas _ 76, 137 2, 488, 674 206, 393 48, 901 51, 571 23,948 2, 895, 624 83 El Paso _ 58, 078 1, 155, 879 82, 967 18, 850 10, 925 15, 139 1, 341, 838 84 Fort Worth _ 76, 088 1, 806, 005 117, 427 75,000 69, 762 9, 457 2, 153, 739 85 Houston.. ... .. 100, 092 3, 151, 789 217, 884 84, 657 80, 784 34, 040 3, 669, 246 86 San Antonio _ 89, 267 2, 267, 485 158, 832 91, 874 16, 731 1, 855 2, 626, 044 Utah 87 Salt Lake City _ 65, 580 1, 895, 943 220, 995 108, 937 25,880 33, 999 2, 351, 334 Virginia 88 Norfolk 26, 058 1, 144, 405 123, 579 59, 169 22,806 1, 376, 017 89 Richmond.. _ _ 55, 622 1, 898, 647 189, 666 84, 469 52, 560 4,733 2, 285, 697 Washington 90 Seattle _ . . 185, 067 4, 722, 120 595, 704 170, 989 111,944 5, 785, 824 91 Spokane. ... 41, 387 1, 470, 505 212, 549 43, 224 33, 339 7,112 1,808,116 92 Tacoma _ 40, 117 1, 225, 670 164, 917 57, 549 50, 328 5,761 1, 544, 342 Wisconsin 93 Milwaukee _ 246, 262 6, 392, 452 787, 331 890, 677 516,888 116 8, 833, 726 GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 Alabama 1 Mobile.. _ ... $16, 295 $430, 784 $41, 194 $23, 131 $10,030 $19, 689 $541, 123 2 Montgomery.. . . 13,091 324, 385 30, 932 3, 461 13, 130 5,162 390, 161 Arizona 3 Phoenix _ .. 17, 483 573, 400 63, 552 15, 754 11, 787 7, 326 689, 302 4 Tucson. . 21, 545 585, 409 50, 710 21, 034 21, 637 8,076 708,411 Arkansas 5 Fort Smith _ 13, 406 289, 133 30, 071 10, 505 3, 466 10, 184 356, 765 6 Little Rock _ 34, 294 700, 673 76, 464 12, 252 24,457 21, 386 869, 526 3 Statistics of 1930. The 1932 report was received too late to be included. 4 Estimated. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 69 current funds , city school systems, 1931—82 — Continued POPULATION AND MORE— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $42, 731 $1, 149 $486, 635 $552, 500 $601, 266 $6, 366, 159 71 $3, 016 22, 113 232, 870 444, 986 299, 100 3, 040, 505 72 281, 319 402, 558 184, 905 2, 882, 405 2, 506. 908 4, 801, 070 39, 048, 461 73 70, 334 185, 414 42, 284 1, 023, 360 1, 148, 431 2, 336, 366 17, 007, 018 74 55, 807 22, 232 4, 803 247, 378 171, 337 57, 758 2, 438, 474 75 39, 568 13, 669 4,700 296, 601 162, 158 272, 079 3, 205, 674 76 67, 891 570,600 3^8,000 1, 903, 561 7, 355, 183 77 * 128, 000 4,375 1, 046, 784 78 10, 826 8, 228 3,884 o 116,900 5 40, 000 30, 104 1, 296, 604 79 331, 765 1, 274, 730 150, 920 4, 068, 175 80 6 109, 139 81, 955 153,000 319, 587 1, 660, 363 81 40, 702 20,956 367, 050 244, 763 245, 655 3, 814, 750 82 4,291 169, 325 i 40, 785 13, 873 1, 570, 112 83 236, 188 6, 757 30, 811 2, 427, 495 84 646, 878 520, 984 19, 465 4, 856, 573 85 35, 266 6, 764 391, 819 350,979 1, 326, 344 4, 737, 216 86 14, 825 1, 965 2, 379 200, 430 635,498 190, 841 3, 397, 272 87 12, 511 12, 798 305, 962 4, 969 1, 712, 257 88 29, 468 36, 629 278, 612 780 25,031 2, 656, 217 89 23,307 36, 631 10, 691 615, 510 390, 678 24, 123 6, 886, 764 90 16, 748 10, 421 42 68, 446 73,264 408,711 2, 385, 748 91 7, 407 3, 524 109, 849 284, 936 4, 553 1,954,611 92 786, 447 114, 343 74, 038 490, 454 904,000 3, 114, 215 14, 317, 223 93 TO 99,999 POPULATION $1, 375 $3,840 $22, 396 $50, 059 $7, 159 $625, 952 1 2, 484 122, 375 72 888 515, 980 2 82, 845 102, 034 8,958 883, 139 3 5, 341 $3, 712 109, 379 62,050 6,540 895, 433 4 1,935 1,992 55, 857 17,500 2, 513 436, 562 5 100, 421 48, 033 2, 772 1, 020, 752 6 5 Distribution of expenditures for debt service is estimated. 6 Regular summer quarter and does not include $8,028 expended for general control and auxiliary agencies which have been included under the regular day schools of the year. gs&s £££&!$£§£ §gs$ §? §?S?88 £8 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total > 1 3 4 5 6 1 8 California Alameda _ ... $23, 696 $642, 366 $63, 342 $38, 298 $15, 151 $8, 048 $790, 901 Alhambra _ 53, 306 665, 114 71, 793 25, 875 25, 384 6, 879 848, 351 Berkeley _ 88, 648 1, 542, 431 163, 769 103, 891 52, 482 18, 336 1, 969, 557 Fresno.. . . 34, 893 1, 119, 544 130, 478 33, 760 58, 223 13, 587 1, 390, 485 Glendale _ _ 103,311 1, 374, 189 168, 695 48, 137 39, 938 44, 318 1, 778, 588 Pasadena _ _ 136, 561 2, 472, 241 250, 795 56, 134 219, 527 168, 486 3, 303, 744 Sacramento _ 81, 769 1, 896, 610 188, 301 49, 534 26, 169 21,281 2, 263, 664 San Bernardino _ 22, 266 622, 391 75,211 15, 448 42, 638 44, 428 4,882 784, 626 San Jose. . _ . 26, 375 1, 302, 595 116,458 24, 151 21, 100 1, 533, 317 Santa Ana... . 83, 293 583, 156 61, 790 14, 069 23,046 4,396 769, 750 Santa Barbara _ 28,744 613, 096 81,883 19,814 21, 966 6, 131 771, 634 1, 188, 217 Santa Monica _ 30, 101 856, 276 134, 037 31, 883 109, 613 26,307 Stockton _ 22, 872 868, 076 103, 366 25, 560 8, 931 14, 490 1, 043, 295 Colorado Colorado Springs. .. 38, 333 605, 681 53, 716 31,416 12,579 28,280 770, 005 Pueblo: District no. 1— 16,129 324, 163 36, 327 12, 594 7,417 5, 170 401,800 District no. 20. 17, 300 435, 855 57, 865 24, 037 9, 010 9,692 553, 759 Connecticut Greenwich _ 22, 135 676, 812 75, 458 24, 565 56,632 6, 323 861, 925 Meriden _ _ 10, 516 473,900 68,577 27,863 17, 661 5,633 604, 150 New Britain . . 29, 190 962, 489 110, 294 48, 038 137, 969 9, 872 1, 297, 852 Norwalk _ 18, 466 439, 295 46, 203 12, 072 13, 856 6,290 536, 182 Norwich _ . 9,591 271, 635 36,009 14, 656 5,549 2,348 339, 788 Stamford _ 40, 736 1, 074, 970 135, 924 38, 087 24, 317 8,380 1, 322, 414 1, 831, 382 Water bury _ 47, 351 1, 491, 340 191, 229 57, 978 17, 144 26, 340 Florida Pensacola 3 _ 9,000 230,647 13, 681 5,900 17, 215 3,934 280, 377 St. Petersburg 2 _ 17, 432 340, 713 28, 820 17, 450 20,700 5,640 430, 755 Georgia Augusta. . . 20,494 490, 932 36,236 15, 891 30,468 14,269 608,290 Columbus . 10, 054 323,688 18, 385 4,222 10,583 5, 725 372, 657 Macon . . 10, 515 477, 221 30,095 13, 366 18, 341 15,805 565. 343 Savannah _ 21,068 627, 340 38, 889 21, 189 37,168 13, 171 758, 825 Illinois Alton 8 _ _ 15, 572 257, 712 47, 777 13, 239 4,964 5, 543 344, 807 Aurora: East side _ 11,329 271, 460 48, 526 16,408 4,238 3, 624 355, 585 West side _ 10, 517 162, 474 27,640 11, 369 1, 758 3, 875 217, 633 Berwyn: 146, 811 170, 448 District no. 98. District no. 100. 7, 850 6,891 106, 850 121, 704 26, 720 32, 528 3, 450 9, 325 1,941 Bloomington _ 8,534 178, 246 35, 481 10, 689 2,269 13, 330 42,269 277, 488 Cicero _ _ _ 33, 954 372, 305 99, 491 82, 646 8,707 610, 433 Danville _ _ _ 17, 932 378, 498 64, 396 8,117 3,773 7,684 480,400 Decatur _ 24, 342 548, 790 75, 707 6,667 6, 836 24, 479 686, 821 East St. Louis _ 47, 347 916, 710 150, 326 69, 260 18, 157 22,091 1, 223, 891 Elgin _ _ _ 13, 104 397, 443 54, 273 15, 451 6, 350 2,931 489, 552 Evanston: District no. 75.. 18,908 433, 905 71, 216 19,005 16,638 13, 316 572, 988 District no. 76.. 10,850 218, 863 36, 547 9, 835 10, 751 2, 330 289, 176 Joliet _ _ Maywood _ _ Melrose Park _ . 24, 264 } 18,609 428, 750 217, 355 81, 312 33, 585 28, 565 9, 065 11,027 5,396 7, 039 580, 957 284, 010 Moline _ 22, 472 384, 575 64, 326 21, 170 9, 219 37, 134 5,031 506, 793 Oak Park . ...| 21, 111 524, 456 88,830 11, 741 21, 471 704, 743 3 Estimated part of county system. 7 For elementary school district only. 8 Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 71 current funds , city school systems , 1931-32 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $12,040 $19, 154 $24, 130 $22, 020 $17, 855 '$886, 100 12,666 10, 874 $2, 579 75, 100 76,041 40, 926 1, 066, 537 8 62, 357 49,833 114, 101 89, 750 47, 192 2, 332, 790 9 19, 597 22, 146 184,500 80,000 11,233 1,707,961 10 7,904 19, 783 4, 146 244,530 132,500 69, 931 2, 257, 382 11 20, 754 34,235 208,060 230,000 680,710 4. 477, 503 12 54, 618 19,584 232, 710 148,000 196. 786 2, 915, 362 13 9,040 3, 069 83, 475 58,000 47, 816 986, 026 14 20. 764 42, 511 111,000 140,000 173, 546 2, 021, 138 15 28,296 24,795 J 43, 135 • 57,000 99, 781 1, 022, 757 16 16, 332 115, 424 137, 125 745, 896 1,786,411 17 10,683 13, 745 3, 730 97, 161 34,000 194, 859 1, 542, 395 18 34,811 24, 570 125, 511 189,200 86, 059 1, 503, 446 19 450 49, 864 7, 169 3,792 831,280 20 2,053 27,213 22, 845 8,494 462, 405 21 12, 624 37,900 32, 473 11, 448 648,204 22 12,063 82, 181 125,000 112, 873 1, 194, 042 23 4,093 1, 104 60,000 37,000 706, 347 24 20,386 144, 761 176,000 211, 797 1,850, 796 25 3, 441 47, 337 71,000 9, 336 667,296 26 4,638 15,916 20,000 380, 342 27 12, 245 147, 048 165,500 4, 622 1,651.829 28 8,921 27,592 109, 944 109,400 126, 282 2, 213, 521 29 17, 940 155, 587 15, 122 469, 016 30 209, 710 165, 382 4,423 810, 270 31 17, 020 101, 572 5,924 732,806 32 32,700 29,400 508 435,265 33 . 1 1, 582 566, 925 34 3,669 5, 869 482 667 8, 681 778, 193 35 31, 869 24,545 23,200 424, 421 36 380 1,482 28,297 42,010 2,096 429,850 37 22,367 70,535 9,845 320,380 38 31,740 17,000 195, 551 39 — . ‘i 29,006 140,094 25, 771 365,319 40 6, 377 20,000 113,342 1 417,207 41 96, 992 489,500 45, 198 i 1,242,123 42 1, 120 27,419 47. 949 77,838 634, 726 43 422 2,400 49, 743 60, 350 139,509 939, 245 44 5,640 63, 292 50,000 132, 077 1, 474, 900 45 2,685 15, 515 15,000 186, 292 709,044 46 2,430 ! 64, 620 50,914 222,222 913, 174 47 2,400 1,260 62,402 248, 450 196 603,884 48 56,509 215,223 11,475 864, 164 49 46,851 57,000 270,310 1 661, 021 50 5,849 2,850 j 26, 714 35,000 38,709 1 613,065 51 105, 773 667,508 345,530 ; 1, 823, 554 52 72 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 2 I BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses, outlays, and other payments from GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Illinois— Contd. Quincy. . . $15, 343 $341, 700 $42, 191 $16, 575 $1,268 $1,500 $418, 577 Rockford... . ... 65, 504 820, 951 146, 816 25, 246 20,865 8,809 1, 088, 191 378, 163 Rock Island. _ _ 12, 442 297, 100 43, 081 15, 882 6, 631 3,027 Springfield _ . 39, 875 769, 049 106, 902 26, 462 14, 259 9, 986 966, 533 Waukegan... _ _ 13, 195 279, 220 42,740 1,901 3,247 4, 654 344, 957 Indiana Anderson... _ 18, 288 373,884 53, 034 13, 849 10, 874 15, 945 485, 874 East Chicago. .. . 36, 974 621,859 105, 571 31, 939 14, 044 2,396 812, 783 Elkhart _ 14, 363 372, 107 49, 815 7, 185 2, 475 4, 028 449, 973 Hammond _ 34, 143 774,909 115, 728 20, 533 41,811 15, 774 6,738 1, 002, 898 Kokomo. . . . 10, 679 270, 125 40, 643 6, 174 11,030 345, 389 Muncie.. . _ 24, 516 509, 768 76, 973 16, 208 7, 971 6,901 20, 076 655, 512 Richmond _ 17, 381 337, 547 59, 254 23, 939 3, 031 448, 053 1, 108, 856 Terre Haute. _ 36, 483 854, 841 125, 443 16, 587 70, 069 5,433 Iowa Cedar Rapids _ 25, 521 722, 253 100, 520 35, 703 19, 525 35, 502 939, 024 Council Bluffs _ _ 22, 282 486, 938 72, 362 17, 836 24, 406 4,495 628, 319 Davenport. . . 27, 308 636, 427 118,205 50, 630 25, 738 6, 391 864, 699 464, 966 Dubuque... . . 19, 923 358, 482 60, 431 12, 867 5,583 38, 674 7, 680 Sioux City _ ... 34, 664 1, 117, 257 143, 007 66, 735 19,500 1, 419, 837 Waterloo: East side . . 6,950 245, 200 43,048 29, 061 2, 152 2,986 329, 397 West side _ 15, 106 213, 629 37, 844 5, 923 4, 842 4,068 281, 412 Kansas Topeka.. . . 37, 774 845, 758 138, 892 57, 817 31, 808 18, 829 1, 130, 878 Kentucky Covington . 14, 475 461, 926 65, 416 43, 090 4, 250 6,660 8,088 595, 817 Lexington _ 17, 401 427, 613 47, 707 12, 820 14, 694 528, 323 Paducah . . 11, 907 232, 146 23, 941 6, 609 6, 681 7, 470 288,754 Louisiana Baton Rouge 2 - 13,800 201, 543 17, 252 4,000 29,360 3,800 269, 755 Shreveport . 18, 087 522, 204 37, 391 20, 192 21, 513 10,004 629, 391 Maine Lewiston _ 5, 912 213, 145 30, 824 16, 644 10, 835 5, 351 282, 711 Portland _ 21, 393 753, 548 128, 542 40, 788 9,117 14, 029 967, 417 Maryland Ptimberl And 6,000 8,266 322, 290 265, 270 31, 711 23, 194 12,917 10, 085 18, 313 8, 732 391, 231 Haererstown _ 3, 622 319, 169 Massachusetts Arlington 20, 592 18, 363 22, 077 565, 052 755,924 722, 159 73, 413 129, 571 96. 850 30, 325 26, 981 716, 363 Brockton 35, 584 42, 424 28, 861 968, 303 Brookline _ _ 25, 276 3,627 912, 413 Chelsea . . . 12, 661 517, 065 65, 346 17, 506 12, 401 965 625, 944 Chicopee. . . 15, 346 468, 554 72, 854 28, 366 26, 915 4, 816 616, 851 Bverett 18, 156 15, 719 638, 519 395, 629 84, 374 62, 139 24, 428 22, 358 13, 045 778, 522 Fitchburg . 38, 025 1,068 534, 938 Haverhill . . 13, 186 493, 087 64, 430 24, 877 27, 846 220 623, 646 Holyoke. .. - 27, 532 613, 415 99,158 51,229 24, 120 1,855 817, 309 T/Awrence 21, 495 21,090 884, 150 123, 745 68, 301 29,776 29, 267 16,180 1, 126, 958 772, 604 Malden _ _ ... 623, 277 72, 614 9,667 part of county system. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 73 current funds, city school systems, 1981-32 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $3, 905 $17, 326 $15,000 $451, 843 $906, 651 9, 827 89,038 476, 720 79,683 1, 743, 459 240 28, 360 143,000 6,259 556, 022 28, 371 735, 979 123,543 1, 854, 426 31, 160 202, 305 30,590 609, 012 38,969 42,000 20,003 586,846 21,601 $10, 790 140, 172 106, 568 1,091,914 140, 650 3, 729 594, 352 83, 438 149,000 238, 895 1, 474, 231 5, 822 23,404 24,500 1,029 400, 144 43,290 92,000 20, 828 811,630 108 32, 260 55,000 142, 180 677, 601 68,238 150,000 14,839 1, 341, 933 3, 261 70, 621 88, 331 14, 951 1, 116, 188 499 31,354 25, 050 24, 537 709, 759 $5, 939 53, 790 91,000 4, 478 1, 019, 906 14,199 3, 849 53,483 80,000 5,222 621, 719 1,838 2, 471 413 81,298 73,000 174,240 1, 753, 097 23, 358 1,000 5, 793 359, 548 40,773 32,000 112, 076 466, 261 14, 159 2,386 84,048 114, 192 436, 075 1, 781, 738 7,220 2,154 47, 649 536, 755 265,111 1, 445, 332 38, 676 89, 814 33, 635 690,448 3, 696 100,335 28,403 421, 188 45,650 53,440 47,000 415,845 84, 055 136,000 180,991 1, 030, 437 5, 037 23, 150 25,000 544,448 880,346 12, 741 100, 195 67, 636 45, 973 1, 193, 962 52,380 7,500 17,499 468, 610 77,210 33,500 16, 329 446,208 7, 471 1,076 42, 742 89,000 462, 810 1,319, 462 O o 6, 186 2,765 19, 580 70,250 1,041 1,078, 775 12,263 855 45, 571 169,900 443,224 1, 584, 226 6 994 17, 416 37,943 288,000 976, 297 14) 473 12j 923 1,777 139, 705 28,664 814, 393 12, 500 20,413 1,090 37, 519 88,500 469, 757 1, 408, 301 14,558 5,602 1,397 16, 728 35,000 844 609, 067 1,935 8,403 19,000 652, 984 13, 810 23,703 1,306 94, 895 534,512 1, 485, 535 14,996 * 53, 887 8 110, 000 226,909 1, 532, 750 5,904 13,278 39,485 79,000 910, 271 * Estimated. 8 Statistics of 1930. 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 8 I HAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5.- — Expenses , outlays, and other payments from GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $30, 661 $822, 992 $111,362 $17, 822 $30, 962 $500 $1, 014, 299 38, 319 1, 125, 545 162, 147 92, 726 32,440 4, 837 1,456, 014 15, 030 677, 540 115, 326 55, 107 24, 144 1,000 888, 147 23, 737 1,021,215 110, 365 27, 473 25, 434 500 1, 208, 724 19, 197 526, 351 94, 245 10, 095 29,838 309 680, 035 20, 672 375, 418 57, 961 17, 742 13, 995 3,431 489, 219 12, 065 417, 719 61, 180 12, 326 23, 915 527, 205 15, 150 493, 151 46, 533 21, 128 28, 036 7,181 611, 179 7,932 463, 973 60, 824 16, 838 17, 399 566, 966 47, 292 633, 478 130, 644 36, 221 80, 672 13.458 941, 765 23, 982 590, 540 90, 694 16,836 32, 639 6,996 761, 687 17, 078 251. 505 54, 037 9, 615 21, 267 2,589 356, 091 92, 076 778, 799 1 1 233, 729 82, 602 41, 110 1,770 1,230,086 67, 366 701,805 134,506 22, 975 75, 949 5, 870 1, 008, 471 64, 731 935, 269 148, 158 41, 952 42, 792 4,609 1. 237, 511 35, 031 723, 363 132,361 24, 866 16, 864 10, 080 942, 565 40, 947 824, 523 136, 105 30,945 124, 202 33,609 1,190, 331 48, 324 1, 072, 539 149, 578 42, 118 85, 173 20, 040 1, 417, 772 30, 240 691, 626 102, 746 46, 372 135, 595 7,702 1,014, 281 41, 422 809, 436 173, 739 11, 303 34, 211 4, 833 1, 074, 944 19, 300 496, 217 76, 798 13, 057 29, 411 9, 670 644, 453 32, 844 967, 027 167, 484 35, 211 73, 891 15, 725 1, 292, 182 10, 768 246, 395 22, 670 8,122 4,359 5,605 297, 919 10,180 166, 825 21, 740 4, 187 3, 162 2,814 208, 908 13, 385 273, 629 38,705 11, 705 1,826 4, 670 343, 920 33, 194 739, 928 130, 175 20, 130 18, 708 6,432 948, 567 20, 674 505, 953 78, 878 23, 359 3, 270 11,622 643, 756 25, 542 506, 720 92, 991 18, 173 16,280 27, 773 687, 479 76, 698 1, 043, 014 206, 2.50 69, 067 81, 731 9,228 1, 485, 988 19, 390 592, 412 76, 014 33, 547 31, 762 37, 109 790, 234 8,377 267,948 51, 906 5,498 14, 813 12, 565 361, 107 47, 870 1, 271, 067 169, 552 53, 150 58,497 16, 100 1, 616, 236 93, 570 2, 097, 450 268,217 127, 925 108, 921 10, 821 2, 706, 904 19, 604 668, 414 73, 754 31, 249 26, 029 7, 525 826, 575 26, 329 721, 716 103, 607 17, 051 25,980 4, 545 899, 228 44, 277 1, 119, 127 113, 487 45, 917 29, 885 7,440 1, 360, 133 48, 006 1, 101, 334 193, 347 27. 577 46, 113 4,795 1,421. 172 40, 377 868, 790 159, 522 22, 714 30,264 6,983 1, 128, 650 24, 270 715, 359 79, 495 30, 193 15, 532 5, 415 870, 264 60, 946 1, 054, 401 128,356 27,585 23, 358 4,491 1, 299, 137 38,800 559, 297 48, 172 25, 948 14, 074 1,549 687,840 28, 277 509, 359 120, 219 23, 095 194,060 6,661 881, 671 27, 857 580,684 67, 988 38, 897 24, 323 1 4,644 744, 393 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 75 current funds , city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 n 13 14 15 $8, 064 $1, 725 $80, 606 $216, 650 $16, 282 $1, 337, 626 $634 i0, 966 1,152 96, 085 221, 000 319, 370 2, 105, 221 15, 197 7,949 4,310 106,000 335, 890 1, 357, 493 2,408 17, 494 2,239 97, 010 316, 000 210, 166 1, 854, 051 8,099 42, 730 72, 655 803, 519 11, 948 9; 063 2, 179 24, 150 68,000 948 605, 507 13 369 12, 897 1, 151 554, 622 2, 891 5, 552 2, 143 37, 365 88,000 238, 444 985, 574 2, 665 54, 584 126,000 7, 524 757, 739 1,000 4, 023 3,702 64,830 107, 500 303, 177 1, 425, 997 4. 309 1, 355 88,281 150,000 45, 673 1, 051, 305 700 51, 463 81,400 3,742 493, 396 2, 750 13, 002 348, 047 267, 000 68, 194 1, 929, 079 22, 744 23, 253 173, 777 85, 996 162, 784 1, 477, 025 6, 517 7,090 174, 034 437, 038 11,018 1, 873, 208 5,899 1,764 103, 195 118, 304 11, 320 1,183, 047 18, 290 12, 357 2, 516 115, 334 206, 850 20, 976 1, 566, 654 3, 550 15,706 8, 460 134 42, 934 1, 488, 556 18, 930 3, 341 115, 044 113, 154 340, 339 1, 605, 089 195, 100 63, 189 590 1,333, 823 11, 680 51, 850 8, 325 716, 308 10, 535 7,136 80, 163 134, 000 64, 434 1, 588, 450 2,591 47,500 3, 100 351, 110 2, 653 1,137 2,800 32, 917 29, 632 5, 123 283,170 296 1,534 56, 104 52, 059 274, 866 728, 779 1,445 2,773 1,487 106, 438 55, 027 345, 281 1, 461, 018 3, 929 86,563 31, 127 3,595 768, 970 1,045 15, 573 27, 473 2,506 734, 076 15,288 507 193, 272 202, 542 47, 591 1, 945, 188 7, 043 68, 343 156, 127 3, 324 1, 025, 071 1, 354 24, 348 46,000 7,834 440,6*3 2,421 16, 719 177, 170 96,000 1,956 1, 910, 502 23, 330 59, 538 3,541 213, 514 131, 384 53, 575 3, 191, 786 5,517 131, 134 135,000 237, 603 1, 335, 829 8, 262 5,815 113, 571 73, 896 213, 681 1, 314, 453 5, 142 158, 935 112,528 92, 741 1, 729, 479 13 430 166, 924 100, 293 1,701,819 4,269 15, 934 202, 389 109, 955 649, 026 2,110, 223 5, 325 4, 391 105, 501 56, 985 18, 553 1,091,019 20, 569 9,466 251, 190 212, 217 123, 151 1, 915, 730 12,241 2, 182 69, 924 62,000 2, 199 836, 386 3,293 4, 688 152, 622 50,000 51, 443 1, 143, 717 1, 642 12, 472 75,209 49, 207 116, 298 999, 221 94 95 96 97 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 76 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 New Jersey— Con. Passaic . . $33, 822 $1, 152, 791 $124, 883 $49, 480 $35, 766 $8, 505 $1, 405, 247 Perth Amboy _ - 19, 342 720, 290 89, 244 20,833 15, 465 6, 748 871, 922 Plainfield _ . 22, 549 721, 266 87, 155 38, 514 17, 451 6, 344 893, 279 South Orange (Ma- 25, 347 766, 871 115, 935 56, 859 38, 401 9, 180 1, 012, 593 plewood town¬ ship) . Union City. . 41, 974 23, 541 987, 763 130, 818 54, 875 55, 872 5,582 1, 276, 884 West New York - 667, 146 111, 951 40,866 25, 131 3,113 871, 748 New York Amsterdam . . 22, 735 626, 229 64, 440 15, 933 26, 823 39,023 795, 183 Auburn . . . 17, 536 367, 309 38, 549 13, 494 12, 251 29, 972 479, 111 Binghamton. - - 19, 648 1, 130, 080 208, 504 53, 287 21, 565 18, 195 69, 503 27, 825 70, 484 1, 519, 784 784, 763 Elmira _ _ _ 17, 792 624, 614 43,050 Jamestown.. - 35, 043 714, 263 85,064 17, 472 16. 798 40, 907 909, 547 Mount Vernon.. .. 59, 183 1, 445, 532 154,033 44, 904 136, 083 96, 538 1, 936, 273 Newburgh - - 20, 852 435, 021 55, 506 17,700 16, 714 27, 276 573, 069 New Rochelle _ 61, 243 1, 425, 924 190, 249 106, 788 59, 568 86, 343 1,930,115 Niagara Falls.. - 30, 598 1, 553, 682 231, 304 67, 114 34, 073 100, 527 2,017, 298 Poughkeepsie - 19, 584 554, 563 395, 622 79, 964 37, 147 24, 910 12, 967 34, 765 26, 393 750, 933 Rome. . . 13, 895 40,400 14, 626 503, 903 Schenectady. . 65, 125 1, 695, 840 255, 069 68, 579 65, 918 107, 222 2, 257, 753 Troy: Lansingburg 10, 957 144, 392 17, 744 17,904 5, 433 13, 785 210, 215 district. Union district.. 13, 088 543, 659 82, 455 23, 844 47,524 31,717 742, 287 Watertown - - 21, 549 517, 291 69, 149 21, 034 20, 858 34, 021 683, 902 White Plains . 40, 181 964, 397 151, 673 21, 678 42, 344 80, 886 1, 301, 159 North Carolina Asheville. . . . 8,931 300,401 45, 277 2, 436 5,872 5,035 367,952 Charlotte - 17, 893 589, 223 58, 579 13, 123 14, 175 4, 651 697,644 Durham... . . 22, 349 439, 530 36, 571 16,904 2,687 3, 518 521, 559 Greensboro _ 24,686 394, 019 50, 430 16, 365 13, 478 14,684 513, 662 High Pofnt . . 11, 827 305, 384 27, 524 11, 705 4, 948 6,235 367, 623 Raleigh _ _ _ 19, 773 281, 185 30,603 4, 459 5,747 29, 934 1,612 343, 379 Wilmington.. _ 17, 023 262, 360 26,000 10, 092 7,838 6,541 351, 950 Winston-Salem _ 14, 145 575, 704 78, 311 655 6, 919 683, 572 Ohio Cleveland Heights.. 63, 206 985, 736 156, 243 83, 766 35, 374 29,662 1,353,987 East Cleveland. ... 32, 105 702, 264 88, 734 33, 179 15,645 30, 272 902, 199 Hamilton _ 16, 033 475, 223 59, 717 24, 811 10, 754 13, 670 600,208 Lakewood _ 45, 842 1, 021, 486 143, 160 14, 613 39, 591 30,230 1, 294, 922 Lima... . . 25, 572 342, 006 70, 516 22, 401 4, 655 22, 125 487, 275 Lorain. . . 19, 167 409, 530 55, 236 17, 392 21,400 17, 458 540,183 Mansfield . . 18, 607 379, 410 70, 956 3, 563 16, 407 6,813 495, 756 358, 502 Marion _ _ 13, 538 270, 331 46, 303 4, 210 7, 824 16,296 Newark _ _ 8,663 291, 827 45, 705 3, 844 7,784 4, 710 362, 533 Norwood. _ 18, 326 367, 081 49, 010 11, 034 8, 121 11,255 18, 819 464, 827 Portsmouth _ 13, 911 441, 430 56,787 3,449 12,461 546, 857 Springfield _ 20, 855 711, 015 116, 559 11, 972 19, 118 34, 007 913, 526 Steubenville _ 13, 195 443, 436 61, 456 24,686 9, 150 25,068 576, 991 Warren _ _ 28, 569 473, 738 76, 277 10, 417 15,099 8, 837 612, 937 Zanesville _ 13, 144 321, 353 49, 700 7,560 9,092 17, 079 417,928 Oklahoma Muskogee . 15,476 348, 555 46,105 16, 055 5,500 6,262 437,953 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 77 current funds , city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $25, 611 $20,086 $9, 165 $105, 871 $61, 079 $1, 627, 059 137 2,546 3, 925 91,690 65, 835 $38, 162 1, 074, 080 138 7, 239 6, 034 4, 624 96, 839 78,000 14, 071 1, 100, 086 139 250, 295 219, 974 38, 218 1, 521, 080 140 13, 340 14, 188 97, 425 85, 454 325,480 1,812,771 141 3,966 8,740 115, 140 105,500 22, 166 1, 127, 260 142 28,004 6,256 99,998 57,350 236,428 1, 223, 219 143 20,542 1,774 2, 350 25, 490 39, 201 384,604 953, 072 144 14, 275 12, 515 175, 531 257,225 8,616 1, 987, 946 145 5, 145 5, 706 4,509 40, 475 90,000 32,906 963,504 146 16, 714 9, 551 7, 129 75, 195 102,505 11,469 1, 132, 110 147 19, 421 10,965 10,441 202,610 262,009 643,173 3, 084, 892 148 8,870 3,113 10, 252 27, 497 93, 780 31,809 748, 390 149 14, 526 15, 822 12,680 277, 109 191,000 800, 362 3, 241, 614 150 16, 259 25, 255 12,586 326,633 73,209 655, 671 3, 126,911 151 22, 345 4,963 4,625 76, 902 23,900 23,465 907, 133 152 8,248 2, 616 2,750 36, 679 40, 820 28,841 623, 857 153 65,761 25, 058 11,288 138,468 294, 062 508,294 3, 300, 684 154 3,310 2,290 8,340 3, 332 227, 487 155 17,533 12,767 11,352 63,296 110, 105 109, 807 1, 067, 147 156 9,990 2,532 43, 327 75, 189 28, 692 843, 632 157 8,340 12,942 16,874 266, 621 74,390 807, 582 2, 487, 908 158 144,225 512, 177 159 3,569 917 92,424 50,244 2,293 847,091 160 1,479 | 94,383 54, 218 17, 316 688, 955 161 106,029 71,484 691, 175 162 1,340 107,603 25,000 207,429 708,995 163 2,879 116, 712 115, 991 7, 522 586,483 164 62, 318 52, 071 1, 121 467,460 165 181, 280 23,500 1,000 889, 352 166 9,963 379, 479 482, 144 23, 615 2, 249, 188 167 167,066 208, 230 6, 514 1,284,009 168 80, 392 88,402 43, 382 812, 384 169 6, 801 9, 281 207, 765. 240,500 869 1, 760, 138 170 592 4, 194 42, 166 58, 552 592, 779 171 204 1, 020 72, 619 114, 725 102, 139 830,890 172 4,000 57,660 94,000 3,850 655,266 173 62, 927 78,000 64,273 563, 702 174 44,443 63,834 44, 622 515, 432 175 1, 370 57, 762 63,500 15, 416 602, 875 176 109, 528 173, 122 818 830, 325 177 10, 159 4,614 672 81,740 104, 517 227, 191 1, 342, 419 178 1,578 1, 175 20,080 44,000 643, 824 179 1,720 5,508 114, 392 150, 370 6,208 891, 135 180 41,000 121, 142 30,522 610, 592 181 65,694 10,705 1,500 515,852 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 »I SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $70, 323 $1, 104, 626 $149, 325 $32, 740 $78, 856 $34, 656 $1,470,526 49, 945 955, 289 175, 222 28, 482 45, 119 38,205 1, 292, 262 36, 948 661, 799 112,565 17,917 20, 678 33, 539 883, 446 22, 010 655, 550 93, 785 25, 661 17, 963 28, 878 843,847 30, 012 485, 719 68, 771 26, 914 39, 530 15, 890 666, 836 64, 678 1, 180, 018 151, 929 59, 559 60, 211 47, 736 1, 564, 131 30, 600 522, 071 78, 667 7, 436 27, 277 24, 503 690,554 44, 629 1, 031, 718 135, 008 30, 782 23, 710 32, 991 1, 298, 838 46, 438 659, 058 83, 246 12, 869 13, 329 35, 723 850, 663 39, 732 612, 498 79, 324 11,685 62, 337 28, 973 834, 549 43, 632 745, 108 95, 742 16, 707 13, 649 33, 770 948,608 36, 501 699, 695 100, 251 28,558 14,299 27, 324 906, 628 27, 234 437, 898 52, 302 16, 946 9, 578 22, 590 566, 548 20, 254 866, 530 87, 037 47, 696 52,280 42, 135 1,115, 932 61, 468 1, 206, 685 190, 446 31, 447 30, 751 43, 082 1, 563, 879 28, 083 593, 794 71, 961 10, 681 19, 553 17, 858 741, 930 29,259 709, 628 115, 522 26,007 19, 292 28, 292 928,000 10, 498 510, 018 66, 744 18,386 16, 834 622, 480 18, 940 788, 727 149, 172 37, 526 11, 890 1, 006, 255 J 3, 650 351,674 62, 246 1,742 6, 826 10,263 446, 401 19, 635 358, 506 21, 162 8, 122 9,461 12, 126 429, 012 12, 367 473, 109 37, 373 2,931 20,243 6, 137 552, 160 22,742 486, 741 72, 120 10,814 10, 361 5, 335 608, 113 48, 675 498, 701 54, 658 50, 100 18,090 21, 430 691, 654 16, 385 416, 702 34,002 5, 691 3,662 4, 536 480, 978 23, 278 454, 812 43, 791 14,388 18, 079 14,520 568,868 7,444 36, 983 3, 940 651 1,626 2,191 52, 835 11,660 171, 222 19, 534 9, 338 2,381 214, 135 17, 720 377, 222 37, 575 13, 812 5, 359 13, 014 464, 702 10, 156 165, 254 16, 370 5, 121 1, 604 2,501 201,006 37, 077 443, 938 63, 345 26,321 13, 279 8, 458 592, 418 15, 658 501, 152 44, 768 17, 151 5, 213 7,830 591, 772 19, 846 415, 248 41,047 4,707 903 6, 214 487, 965 15, 318 496, 668 52, 657 30,358 2,201 1,622 598, 824 10, 379 387, 537 29, 870 14,878 10,553 9,218 462, 435 12,783 400, 421 39, 031 15, 162 17, 649 3, 455 488, 501 11,410 360, 036 26, 366 8, 915 6, 394 3,465 416, 586 12, 725 681, 875 61,945 10, 137 25,526 15, 529 807, 737 12,607 378, 577 38, 666 8,202 5, 446 2,761 446,259 12, 619 394, 005 52, 947 9,666 11, 153 6,080 486, 470 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 79 current funds , city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $21, 761 $6, 925 $1, 750 $200, 533 $186, 770 $136, 844 $2, 025, 109 1,660 2,640 2,345 210, 827 268, 351 21,952 1, 800, 037 2,200 1,069 1,560 159, 709 148, 383 6, 345 1, 202, 712 1,900 3,208 2, 160 158, 020 101, 130 1,110, 265 (») (•) (9) 152, 315 7, 425 780 827, 356 1,549 10, 016 142, 029 182, 625 3, 937 1, 904, 287 3, 833 61. 671 89, 354 3, 617 849, 029 8i 325 9, 567 176, 121 206,000 58, 513 1, 757, 364 6, 294 4,442 144, 063 98, 938 82, 073 1, 186, 473 1, 562 101, 360 584, 649 1, 522, 120 9, 169 6, 354 88, 355 63, 637 184, 361 1, 300, 484 1, 956 346 182, 331 6, 785 3, 441 1, 101, 487 5, 887 64, 598 42, 442 7, 529 687,004 2,250 124, 756 271, 382 39, 997 1, 554, 317 17, 801 23, 608 10, 559 16, 640 394, 898 74, 632 2, 102, 017 404 111,016 74, 177 927, 527 13,200 89, 960 89, 036 443, 579 1, 563, 775 3, 304 110, 435 62,000 236, 866 1, 035, 085 12, 853 1,863 158, 737 408, 688 • 246,512 1, 834, 908 7,286 51,588 29,000 534, 275 3,238 1, 874 25, 539 24, 545 28, 874 513, 082 83, 582 70, 045 33, 517 739, 304 4,036 71, 429 17, 243 175, 231 876, 052 124, 565 3, 849 280, 454 1, 100, 522 4, 839 68, 371 26,000 3, 926 584, 114 2,004 113,960 46, 469 4,896 736, 197 11, 018 3, 013 60,584 127, 450 28, 920 21, 860 20,758 285, 673 9, 202 87, 350 46, 000 15,299 622, 553 2, 943 6,888 210, 837 106, 751 50,000 2,315 751, 484 109, 765 29,600 15, 989 747, 126 89, 222 3,543 580, 730 3,502 2, 945 429 33, 920 1, 186 49, 724 690, 530 6,507 4, 949 56,800 17,895 10, 822 559, 408 5,545 48,991 4,500 3, 305 550, 842 2,400 5, 256 1, 631 605 426, 478 3| 560 8,930 10,925 831, 152 2,587 3,688 6, 771 17, 856 477, 161 189 23, 720 36,086 2,847 549, 312 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 182163°— 33- 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses, outlays, and other payments from GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 West Virginia 223 Charleston . ._ $21, 800 $756,819 $93, 159 $18, 854 $63, 512 $18, 345 $972, 489 224 Huntington _ _ 33, 807 1, 043, 960 80, 326 34, 491 28, 789 25, 640 1, 247, 013 Wheeling: 225 City district - 24, 616 466, 021 58, 322 21, 831 46, 454 24, 960 642,204 226 Triadelphia dis¬ 6, 944 196, 674 33, 460 10, 707 13,425 812 262, 022 trict. 227 Warwood dist— 3,300 63, 965 8,280 33,375 7, 273 5,280 121,473 Wisconsin 228 Green Bay.. . . 19, 417 465, 954 81,709 16, 903 15, 164 5,809 604, 956 229 Kenosha _ . .. 31,204 746, 770 123, 186 13, 205 29, 537 2,599 946, 501 230 La Crosse 14, 945 228, 594 60, 630 14, 985 2, 522 321, 676 231 Madison. _ 35, 034 1, 033, 110 144, 901 30, 997 39, 596 1, 700 1, 285, 338 232 Oshkosh... . . 12, 125 390, 523 56, 999 17, 120 9, 830 387 486, 984 233 Racine _ . .. 24. 883 785, 424 131, 606 43, 133 8, 510 3, 090 996, 646 234 Sheboygan.. .. 15, 659 378, 355 51, 670 16, 332 6,814 2, 339 471, 169 235 Superior _ 16, 001 520, 038 97, 005 29, 647 6, 633 9, 520 678, 844 236 West Allis _ 15, 436 547, 469 73, 193 23. 902 13, 968 673, 968 GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Alabama 1 Anniston . . $6, 722 $136, 232 $9, 970 $1, 355 $936 $2, 327 $157, 542 2 Bessemer _ 8, 441 138, 704 10, 271 3, 954 1,663 158 163, 191 3 Decatur 4, 391 63, 508 7, 213 636 6,283 82, 031 4 Dothan 6, 150 80, 276 4,638 2,723 750 94, 537 5 Fairfield.. . 5,996 56, 058 4, 631 1,902 423 1, 150 70, 160 6 Florence _ 5, 565 73, 043 5, 734 3, 148 1, 713 1,531 90, 734 7 Gadsden . . .. .. 5,279 112, 987 10, 385 963 1, 664 131, 278 8 Huntsville... _ 4, 704 58, 376 5, 406 779 897 1, 730 71, 892 9 Phpnix City 2,900 39, 925 1,824 400 45, 049 10 Selma. . - 5,648 100, 301 7, 829 4, 907 1, 553 2,021 122, 259 11 Tuscaloosa ». . . 7, 434 128, 470 9,250 2, 830 1,200 2, 054 151, 238 Arkansas 12 Blythftvillfi 4, 147 47, 015 4, 522 476 2,213 58, 373 13 El Dorado _ 6,000 122, 778 12, 656 845 7,000 5,000 154, 279 14 Hot Springs.. ... 9,008 133, 600 20, 301 6,284 2,144 1, 943 173, 280 15 Jonesboro. _ . 3, 300 52, 835 7,613 260 98 2,511 66, 617 16 North Little Rock- 8, 120 125, 107 18, 527 612 3,653 6,898 162, 917 17 Pine Bluff _ 5, 652 150, 196 19, 683 4,257 3, 367 6,937 190,092 18 Texarkana _ 11, 101 83, 226 7,616 2,836 4,791 4,006 113, 576 California 19 Anaheim.. _ 7,168 107, 018 13, 099 1,246 4,460 1,802 134, 793 20 Bakersfield _ 18, 945 339, 882 57, 220 19, 684 7,599 4, 467 447, 797 21 Beverly Hills _ .. 10, 846 243, 723 35, 828 8, 459 13, 474 4,240 316, 570 22 Brawley _ . . 8,000 99, 397 11, 500 7,500 13, 310 2,744 142, 451 23 Burbank _ ... 19, 855 368, 896 47, 085 10, 227 6, 477 3,730 456, 270 24 Burlingame. . _ 6, 944 113, 142 15, 976 1, 161 2,024 3, 575 142, 822 25 Compton. . . . 8, 777 168, 427 23, 407 3, 799 42,288 3, 153 249, 851 26 Eureka ... . 6,062 241, 451 26, 387 4, 129 13,879 3, 401 295, 309 27 Fullerton. _ .. 6,595 112, 277 13, 066 2,170 3, 902 1,465 139, 475 28 Inglewood.. _ 18, 223 189, 506 25, 081 2,816 4,919 2,571 243, 116 29 Modesto. . 15, 660 416, 165 39, 814 7, 163 478, 802 30 Monrovia. .. 8, 960 223, 774 38, 698 4, 296 275, 728 31 Ontario _ 4, 368 136, 358 20,638 1,504 13,286 3, 674 179, 828 32 Palo Alto _ 10, 175 304,006 39, 663 10, 194 10, 215 3, 692 377, 945 33 Pomona.. _ .. 15,088 398, 907 54,357 24, 400 47, 476 4, 719 544, 947 34 Redlands _ _ ... 9,500 216, 465 36, 601 3, 719 25,902 5,358 297, 545 s Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 81 current funds , city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization Summer schools Debt service Interest All other debt service 12 13 $127, 411 65,008 $89, 434 87, 676 5,121 23,117 44,437 22, 177 2,375 2,500 58,655 122, 050 92,500 159,000 156, 680 34, 525 91,306 27,875 67. 929 59. 930 197, 216 68,000 154,000 65,000 58,000 91, 845 Capital outlay Grand total expenditures $60, 292 175, 445 82, 968 70, 474 40, 747 $2, 969 3,009 2, 729 1,800 $4, 291 17,067 1,775 22, 894 8, 301 6, 963 6, 188 $37, 318 22,811 34, 400 13,905 9,607 61, 221 4, 541 23, 905 369, 294 218, 997 48, 231 94, 501 170, 813 $1, 233, 912 1, 425, 517 728, 891 323, 021 135, 955 817, 332 1, 309, 451 347, 356 2, 207, 535 899, 775 1, 290, 183 735, 982 1, 022, 521 927, 586 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 29,999 POPULATION $4, 125 2,281 $4,688 29, 092 $360 52, 703 $1,249 1,899 $167, 964 249, 166 111,508 1 2 1, 001 28, 259 217 3 23, 963 21, 322 107 118,607 110, 649 4 16, 800 1,230 2, 367 5 21,500 461 113, 925 6 600 31, 833 15,000 131,912 310, 623 7 8, 728 34,700 481 115,801 8 2,585 1,000 48, 634 9 656 487 123, 402 10 39, 434 5,000 13, 894 209, 566 11 14, 545 10, 304 491 83, 713 12 30, 485 27,000 237 212, 001 13 28, 365 26,000 7,096 1,379 234, 741 14 19, 465 2,044 89,505 15 54, 300 164 900 218, 281 240, 691 16 32,099 18,500 17 22, 162 774 13, 914 150, 426 18 5, 300 1,586 16,000 57, 879 215,558 19 10,800 90,000 7,541 556, 138 20 36, 666 353, 236 21 12, 612 18,200 10,000 183,263 22 457 34,090 18,000 34, 822 543, 639 23 12, 785 25,000 20, 784 201, 391 24 38, 030 26, 050 23,632 22,000 311,513 373, 848 25 $2, 679 4, 827 22, 983 26 8, 184 147, 659 27 22, 075 21,000 13, 894 300,085 28 1,809 53,200 90, 449 624, 260 29 10,000 14, 877 300, 605 330, 698 30 19,070 15,500 116, 300 31 5,000 5,000 35,600 8,518 20,000 22,944 461, 489 32 8,000 22, 302 588, 767 33 297, 545 34 82 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Ansonia . . Bristol _ _ Danbury _ Derby _ East Hartford _ Groton _ _ _ Middletown _ Naugatuck _ New London _ Shelton _ Stratford _ Torrington _ Wallingford _ West Hartford _ West Haven _ Willimantic (Wind¬ ham town) _ Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total a 3 4 5 6 7 8 $24, 836 $543, 710 $72, 682 $6, 238 $9, 939 $11,252 $668, 657 13, 160 678, 072 78, 869 5,684 36, 720 11,709 824, 214 6, 162 85, 087 9,005 4,316 691 618 105, 879 * 2, 545 109, 769 13, 920 778 3, 831 4, 499 135, 342 3, 003 123, 641 21,293 1,383 3, 977 153, 297 10, 675 231, 393 32, 150 8, 102 11,852 3,844 298, 016 7, 607 231, 289 26, 712 7,003 16, 527 14, 099 303, 237 20, 842 297, 009 37, 650 8, 247 5, 850 9, 947 379, 545 12, 200 221, 726 24, 069 8, 979 7,230 4,225 278, 429 15, 514 331, 459 49, 636 10,048 49, 261 4, 815 460, 733 5. 750 132, 390 18, 900 540 5,050 162, 630 8, 150 198, 814 44, 868 2,998 1, 728 256, 558 14, 874 201, 532 31, 225 4,618 4, 551 256,800 6, 993 148, 684 16, 804 5,004 3,244 6, 520 187, 249 14, 373 207, 727 30, 917 10, 777 9,054 272, 848 8, 425 159, 460 19, 123 7, 530 194, 538 10, 150 249, 900 22, 850 3,500 1,200 2,000 289, 600 10, 877 397, 622 45, 781 19, 114 7,604 480, 998 17, 049 286, 122 52, 792 22, 723 28, 952 1,442 409, 080 5,633 104, 383 12, 464 4, 156 7, 494 364 134, 494 8,776 249, 241 37, 076 12, 339 15, 677 4,075 327, 184 7, 326 120, 153 20, 621 9,228 2, 172 1,229 160, 729 12, 871 201, 563 25, 622 30, 664 8,808 3,888 283, 416 9, 677 168, 118 28, 947 12, 445 8, 628 3, 459 231, 274 9,811 272, 455 27, 588 20, 284 1,233 331, 371 5, 631 115, 845 15, 485 3, 628 15, 223 2,620 158, 432 8,493 273, 926 29,690 7, 732 9, 420 3,482 332, 743 10, 560 328, 380 43, 433 16, 875 15, 339 2, 160 416, 747 8,763 195, 632 22, 955 14, 110 20, 229 2,834 264, 523 17, 319 428, 595 71, 771 22, 856 14, 086 11, 592 566, 219 11, 820 341, 419 45, 835 17,232 15, 705 9,251 441, 262 4, 179 101, 871 20,167 4,956 66, 347 1, 657 199, 177 8,000 143, 305 18,000 16,000 15,000 4,000 204, 305 2,400 61, 753 6, 435 1,430 2,127 74, 145 8, 504 58, 833 4, 772 512 1,754 266 74, 641 10,000 140, 610 9, 730 2,171 54 2,335 164, 900 4,038 203, 857 23, 484 8,861 9,983 2,950 253, 173 2 5,000 99, 874 15, 282 2,621 8 1, 250 124, 027 8,000 114, 825 14, 314 4,001 5,000 4,000 150, 140 5,000 68, 820 5,000 2,000 7,800 600 89, 220 15,000 129, 525 20,000 20,000 12,000 4,000 200,525 4, 626 89, 935 5,685 3, 126 1,959 105, 331 7,209 110,333 6, 804 1,037 647 2,608 128, 638 6, 803 74, 127 6,915 5,294 3, 129 1,221 97, 489 5,550 85, 150 9, 970 2, 350 650 1,262 104, 932 6, 133 61, 538 7, 129 2,183 334 1,333 78, 650 4, 697 141, 606 16, 632 5,405 6,025 174, 365 5,692 95, 179 7,204 4,261 125 2,482 115, 005 6, 210 75, 577 3, 495 914 211 2,629 89, 036 4, 600 70, 805 4,005 870 540 1, 936 82, 756 8, 497 86, 103 5, 623 1, 435 360 960 102, 978 19, 083 318, 026 42, 162 14, 874 8,409 3, 315 405, 869 14, 811 227, 117 26, 283 17, 958 10, 891 3, 154 300, 214 1 Estimated part of county system. * Estimated. 8 Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 83 current funds , city school systems , 1931-32 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION — Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest i All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $12, 475 $1, 178 $44, 141 $726, 451 4,900 4, 273 $95, 215 $43, 500 65, 179 1, 037, 281 6,250 8,000 38,276 158, 405 10, 550 20,000 7, 184 173, 076 14, 300 23, 650 8, 861 200, 108 2,984 23, 416 7,000 27, 625 359, 041 4, 500 8, 336 30, 625 20,000 10,500 377, 198 779 56, 450 43,500 54,897 535, 171 5, 804 20,852 15,000 13, 190 333, 275 7, 018 45, 750 46,000 196, 959 756, 460 18, 900 20,000 12,500 214, 030 $1, 537 4,000 40,000 4,683 306, 778 26, 622 31, 998 7, 447 322, 867 26, 217 6, 517 1,600 221,583 1,742 22, 102 26, 848 137 323, 677 890 13, 947 7, 536 216,911 3,000 1, 450 294, 050 34, 559 23, 500 2,662 541, 719 1,833 ‘ 23,000 55,000 7, 553 496, 466 1, 687 9, 540 11,000 156, 721 6, 531 44, 404 33,000 1,984 413, 103 1, 260 7,038 12,200 19, 110 200,337 1,932 24, 334 27, 500 73, 794 410, 976 2,004 1, 721 234,999 2,918 1, 282 36, 403 29,000 507 401, 481 8,753 14,200 760 182, 145 1,410 28,576 40,500 403, 229 7, 643 16, 427 10,000 450, 817 2,219 8, 500 8,000 2,837 286, 079 108, 380 110, 387 176, 473 961, 459 1, 617 77, 839 520, 718 3, 153 23, 900 1,670 227,900 45,000 30,000 279, 305 25, 933 13, 500 113, 578 3,540 78, 181 53,605 61,000 668 280, 173 89,788 46, 950 475 390,386 51, 562 4,000 807 180, 396 25,000 14,000 8,000 197, 140 33,000 2,000 124,220 62,000 40,000 302, 525 9,000 6,000 120, 331 2,372 1,114 19, 083 555 4, 307 156, 069 3,989 38 2,939 104, 455 18, 875 7,467 131, 274 1,039 79,689 4,440 42, 575 221,380 22, 916 137, 921 12, 623 15,000 3, 146 119,805 8, 250 5,000 96,006 1,716 85, 628 866 191, 188 1,114 38, 164 20,046 7,900 473, 093 26,871 118, 079 10,007 455, 171 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses, outlays, and other payments from GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO City Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main- . tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Illinois 88 Belleville . . $8, 466 $136, 552 $26, 351 $6,000 $6, 550 $183, 919 89 9, 497 122, 036 31, 097 20, 347 14, 612 197, 589 90 6, 506 33j 767 5, 024 222 45, 519 91 Cairo..- _ 8, 804 80, 520 16, 685 4,358 2,640 $7, 140 120, 147 92 Calumet City... .. 3,200 33, 262 10,000 300 1,350 620 48, 732 93 5,830 106, 024 21, 382 4, 434 137, 670 94 Centralia 8 _ 9', 594 78, 368 14, 276 12, 322 43 1,224 115, 827 95 Champaign _ . 10, 943 230, 327 52, 771 24, 038 8, 814 12, 455 339, 348 96 Chicago Heights _ 9, 419 122, 538 29, 362 4, 941 2,268 4,023 172, 551 97 East Moline— _ _ 6,088 57, 560 12, 509 5, 362 2,562 1,096 85, 177 98 Elmhurst _ 9,738 135, 403 28, 623 1,596 2,850 8,713 186, 923 99 Elmwood Park (P.O., Chicago) .. 3, 500 63, 527 4, 867 960 72, 854 100 Forest Park. - . 4, 116 67', 480 18, 911 1,776 3, 354 95, 637 101 Freeport... . .. 8; 060 206; 328 40, 361 2,268 3,250 5,969 266, 236 102 Galesburg ______ 12, 918 246, 277 50, 214 15, 072 2,889 7,882 335, 252 103 Granite City _ 14, 050 303, 213 46, 069 10, 646 17, 191 5, 568 396, 737 104 Harrisburg _ _ - 6, 520 59, 339 8,942 2,555 1, 538 3,593 82, 487 105 Harvey _ 6, 548 87, 043 20, 861 6, 931 1, 929 123, 312 Highland Park: 106 District no. 107. 5, 640 88, 308 20, 986 3, 368 4,203 535 123, 040 107 District no. 108- 7, 497 89, 284 17, 344 3, 425 2,033 119, 583 108 Jacksonville. 7,959 134, 941 18, 294 4, 520 1,860 167, 574 109 Kankakee 10, 192 171, 095 38, 106 10, 821 7,747 237, 961 110 Kewanee... _ 7,084 130, 211 23, 354 3, 936 1,831 2,800 169, 216 111 La Grange _ 9,372 133, 247 25, 552 4, 563 172, 734 112 La Salle _ _ 8,070 67, 959 21, 775 7, 000 104, 804 113 Lincoln . . . 3, 626 50, 941 11, 515 2,195 2,434 1, 335 72,046 114 Mattoon _ _ 9, 450 108, 820 17,000 1, 500 2,315 1, 335 140, 420 115 Mount Vernon. _ 2,650 60, 503 8,037 951 1, 575 759 74, 475 116 Ottawa . . . 6,539 87, 130 13, 858 6, 968 4, 400 2,159 121, 054 117 Park Ridge - 4 8,000 77, 963 13, 976 99, 939 118 Pekin . . . 7, 841 96, 245 19, 075 1,203 3, 182 4,991 132, 537 Sterling: 119 District no. 10. - 2,700 28, 535 5, 219 596 850 37, 900 120 District no. 11 .. 4, 345 43, 827 7, 458 1, 879 1, 470 768 59, 747 121 Streator . . 7, 369 103, 205 22, 841 5, 013 2,710 1, 159 142, 297 122 Urbana.. _ 9, 345 132, 416 29, 990 2, 667 1, 650 6, 144 182, 212 123 West Frankfort _ 4, 050 66, 565 9, 740 1,000 2,020 205 83, 580 124 Wilmette _ _ 12, 328 141, 689 28, 822 3, 467 5, 610 1,041 192, 957 125 Winnetka _ 22, 280 228, 419 34, 025 5,636 3,477 2,100 295, 937 Indiana 126 Bedford _ 8,032 148, 997 20, 516 5, 516 2,557 15, 968 201, 586 127 Bloomington... .. 10, 737 203, 179 31, 628 3,093 3, 548 7, 618 259, 803 128 Connersville. . 7, 369 124, 278 19, 284 4, 171 4,250 13, 745 173, 097 129 Crawfordsville _ 9,485 133, 256 17, 749 3, 625 2, 877 803 167, 795 130 Elwood..- _ 5, 581 115, 430 14, 220 3,234 1,001 2,580 142, 046 131 Frankfort . . 8, 572 151, 035 20, 890 4, 579 201 5,665 190, 942 132 Goshen _ 7,795 126, 632 27, 242 6, 198 4,235 3, 336 175, 438 133 Huntington _ 9, 948 161, 648 24, 912 7, 928 14, 918 3, 078 222, 432 134 Jeffersonville . . 4, 513 103, 941 14, 465 1, 653 6,765 131, 337 135 La Fayette _ _ 13, 680 267, 590 47, 594 13, 232 29, 671 250 372, 017 136 La Porte.. ... ... 9,760 207, 317 38, 869 3,482 2, 179 2, 321 263, 928 137 Logansport. _ 10, 097 203, 047 32, 278 5, 184 22, 501 8,694 281, 801 138 Marion.. _ 13, 203 234, 141 37, 360 5, 261 7, 323 389 297, 677 139 Michigan City _ 16, 204 286, 668 51, 189 9, 655 8, 645 6,484 378, 845 140 Mishawaka _ . 12, 770 315, 371 47, 823 11, 538 2,041 4, 407 393, 950 141 New Albany . . 7, 974 194, 956 33, 390 4, 543 119 22, 839 263, 821 142 Newcastle- _ _ _ 8, 621 121,468 16, 537 1,780 1, 170 5,297 154, 873 143 Peru _ _ _ 8,602 141, 058 22, 367 8, 772 1,058 680 182, 537 144 Shelbyville _ 9, 531 140, 257 20, 184 2,900 9,258 2,524 184, 654 145 Vincennes. . _ _ 10, 059 179, 867 24, 375 5, 308 16, 205 4,245 240, 059 146 Whiting . . 14, 079 163, 198 38, 854 11,913 4, 410 19, 633 252, 087 i Estimated, 8 Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 85 current funds , city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service s 10 11 12 13 14 15 $15, 631 $10,000 $209, 550 48,880 55, 015 $1,613 303, 097 19,009 18, 620 215 83, 363 21,125 57, 859 152 199,283 6,200 38,000 92, 932 570 5,000 2,620 145, 860 13,890 5,000 52, 768 187, 485 9, 187 15,000 49, 710 413, 245 38,278 18,000 628 229, 457 7, 705 5,500 466 98, 848 28, 081 150, 861 365, 865 14,343 23,962 755 111, 914 $300 13, 979 2,000 16, 617 128, 533 17, 872 20,000 5, 663 309, 771 5,000 59, 498 399, 750 37, 681 41, 420 23,948 499, 786 1,400 8,000 462 92, 349 23, 934 123,548 129, 832 400,626 15, 313 11,000 1,456 150,809 12, 455 20, 100 2,517 1.54, 655 14,646 27,000 209,220 12,444 18,000 1,000 269, 405 32,947 10,094 5, 859 218, 116 15, 607 18, 188 406 206, 935 5, 750 8,000 118, 554 147 72, 193 16, 982 16,000 173, 402 2, 900 19,000 18 96, 393 7,563 128, 617 35, 987 10,000 7,640 153, 566 18, 890 49,000 295 200,722 4, 275 8,000 50,175 5, 280 8,000 73,027 50 250 5,000 1, 761 149, 358 18,402 221 200, 835 5, 880 4,000 93, 460 26, 907 168,000 41, 059 428, 923 54, 320 378, 250 12,438 740,945 12, 315 19,500 1,375 234, 776 19, 355 75,900 32, 347 387, 405 8, 535 15,500 2,812 199, 944 6,368 14,000 5, 426 193, 589 2,912 10,000 13 154, 971 8,496 25,000 7, 558 231,996 11,200 10,000 15, 557 212, 195 17, 801 33,500 1,011 274, 744 6,000 13,000 1, 104 151,441 19,373 41,000 5,533 437, 923 $308 426 19,284 25,500 100, 522 409, 968 10,902 44,000 259 336, 962 21, 245 19,000 17,468 355, 390 895 1, 619 22, 682 29,500 98,560 532, 101 2, 355 27, 408 59,000 15,839 498, 552 14,296 17,900 2, 014 298, 031 9, 255 36, 160 1,725 202, 013 8, 629 20,000 3,707 214, 873 9,888 13,000 938 208,480 15, 952 25,500 7, 328 288, 839 2,957 1,365 19,075 35,000 4, 345 314, 829 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses, outlays, and other payments from GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total ■ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Iowa 147 Ames . - . . $10, 516 $133, 542 $25, 741 $8, 356 $10, 169 $1,017 $189, 341 148 6, 725 9, 075 24, 626 6,685 2,071 180, 379 149 Burlington... _ 10, 480 307, 516 47, 962 16, 706 11, 774 5,780 400, 218 Clinton: 150 City district _ 12, 922 215, 602 44, 740 8, 769 3,046 4, 435 289, 514 151 Lyons district. . 6,352 53, 631 11,238 1,412 17 187 72, 837 152 Fort Dodge _ 9, 340 254, 276 52, 953 9,080 5,040 2, 410 333, 099 153 7, 500 103,000 17,000 4,000 131,500 154 Iowa City _ .. 9; 739 144; 248 26, 155 10, 729 2,848 2,512 196, 231 155 Keokuk _ . .. 5, 460 10 144, 149 22, 414 8, 427 4,710 1,511 186, 671 156 Marshalltown _ 11, 104 183, 769 40,837 4,886 10, 582 6,499 257, 677 157 15, 358 297, 422 55, 553 27, 572 8, 084 403, 989 158 Muscatine... _ 7,807 182, 416 27, 053 13, 943 3, 774 4,411 239, 404 159 Newton . _ ... 4, 459 144, 074 24, 779 16, 631 1,888 2, 190 194, 021 160 Oskaloosa. ... _ 7, 011 130, 939 17, 708 3, 634 2, 345 2,941 164, 578 161 Ottumwa _ _ 12, 946 312, 991 56, 545 28, 130 3, 275 4,279 418, 166 Kansas 162 Arkansas City . 9, 302 195, 966 29, 590 3, 296 238, 154 163 Atchison _ _ .. 7, 184 109, 399 18, 603 4, 024 4, 176 7, 581 150, 967 164 Chanute— _ 7, no 134, 608 17, 115 2,751 2, 094 3, 051 166, 729 165 Coffey ville . 6, 930 190, 486 33, 339 4, 614 3,991 239, 360 166 Dodge City _ 8, 520 126, 378 18, 140 2,412 1, 108 6,072 162, 630 167 Eldorado.. _ _ 7, 374 168, 715 21, 530 6, 103 4, 136 3, 109 210, 967 168 Emporia _ .. . 9, 844 185, 426 31, 075 4, 538 1,872 3, 430 236, 185 169 Fort Scott _ 8, 568 136, 618 17, 211 6,800 7, 156 1,205 177, 558 170 Hutchinson _ 13, 499 312, 683 47, 539 6,609 4,585 8, 376 393, 291 171 Independence - 10, 629 200, 064 36, 831 8, 756 348 540 257, 168 172 Lawrence _ .. 12, 896 188, 474 32, 094 6, 112 6,049 4, 100 249, 725 173 Leavenworth... . . 8, 287 163, 871 26, 756 2, 965 384 1,904 204, 167 174 Manhattan.. ... . 8, 672 137, 931 17, 568 4, 715 2,280 2,497 173, 663 175 Newton 7,076 138, 501 20, 188 9, 593 4,004 179, 362 227, 899 176 Parsons 9, 925 189, 120 25, 021 3, 183 650 177 Pittsburg _ .. 9,647 189, 571 26, 085 7,791 2, 359 4, 363 239, 816 178 Salina _ 11, 154 248,060 34, 663 7,288 3,605 5,622 310, 392 Kentucky 179 Ashland . _ _ _ 12, 724 218, 102 26, 716 3,692 4, 756 1, 970 267, 960 180 Rowling Green 10,440 78, 470 6, 471 10, 366 3,744 109, 491 181 Fort Thomas _ 7, 188 98, 893 13, 149 1,855 2,743 2,151 125, 979 182 Frankfort _ ... 6,032 52, 063 9, 378 7,324 1,050 3, 153 79,000 183 Henderson _ .. 11, 847 98, 546 16,416 10, 491 4, 563 1, 520 143, 383 184 Hopkinsville _ 5, 020 70, 641 6, 430 6,085 1, 321 1,367 90, 864 185 Middlesboro _ 8,415 67, 072 7,799 2, 103 1, 252 1, 172 87, 813 186 Newport _ 8, 097 168, 809 24, 948 4, 808 6, 462 3,511 216, 635 187 Owensboro. . _ 6,702 112,326 16, 438 2,669 3, 484 3,449 145, 068 Louisiana 188 Alexandria _ 2 890 175, 871 14, 624 4,270 8,230 2, 219 206, 104 189 Bogalusa s_ 3,068 85, 151 6, 612 8,300 103, 131 190 Lafayette 2 _ _ 3,200 63, 525 4,200 2,000 15,000 1,500 89, 425 191 Lake Charles _ 7, 403 110, 762 10, 443 3, 875 2,600 1,500 136, 583 192 Monroe _ 5,709 121, 388 10, 807 9, 161 1,080 440 148, 585 Maine 193 Auburn _ _ 6, 947 173, 334 23, 568 6,435 10, 307 220, 591 194 Augusta - 7, 595 134, 858 28,404 7, 250 8, 067 1,984 188, 158 195 Bangor _ _ 8, 727 296, 682 39. 612 15, 641 8, 382 5,396 374,440 196 Biddeford.. . . 3, 728 81, 105 12, 435 2,481 6,894 1,338 107, 981 197 Rumford. _ 8, 792 105, 117 13, 030 5, 653 7, 755 3, 420 143, 767 198 South Portland - 4, 470 184, 082 29. 254 9,862 2,440 4,530 234,638 199 Waterville - 5, 369 130, 837 20, 637 7,100 9, 133 546 173, 622 200 Westbrook _ ... 1, 940 93, 794 10, 992 3, 614 6,083 3,205 119,628 2 Estimated part of county system. s Statistics of 1930. 10 Partly estimated. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 87 current funds , city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION — Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools 9 10 11 $2,080 $220 $622 150 743 1,012 1,700 1,640 1,096 40 1,036 2,120 1,296 469 425 488 542 140 605 3,436 843 3,362 400 626 Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 12 13 1 14 15 $13, 821 $30,000 $3, 138 $236, 300 147 ?0, 450 20,000 1,600 212, 429 148 33, 122 34,000 87, 769 557, 189 149 27,630 33,000 6, 134 356, 498 150 4,694 1,000 1, 458 79, 989 151 47, 076 14,000 83, 924 478, 721 152 14,000 12,000 2,000 159, 650 153 5, 678 14,000 12, 973 228, 8S2 154 19, 142 26,000 231,813 155 21,449 33, 095 1,802 315, 778 156 27, S30 17,000 19, 797 468, 716 157 13, 860 15,000 269,964 158 18, 698 33,002 300 246, 021 159 10,384 12,000 186, 962 160 33,948 19,284 5, 095 478, 133 161 10, 358 9, 655 32,580 291,843 162 15, 452 32,234 2, 323 200, 976 163 11,750 10,000 2, 091 190, 610 164 34,064 43,000 22, 065 341,645 165 30,389 38, 046 7, 857 238, 922 166 3,656 11,000 4,383 230,006 167 25, 458 35,000 9,949 306, 592 168 7, 366 26, 019 4, 352 215, 295 169 35, 742 24,000 1,450 455, 779 170 19, 375 25. 055 1,155 303, 222 171 25, 275 26,404 1, 957 303, 361 172 20,534 17,000 671 242, 372 173 11, 858 16,035 3, 951 206, 474 174 3,859 19,000 _ 202, 709 175 15, 116 25,000 3, 376 271, 391 176 24, 249 50,653 314, 718 177 30, 212 37, 012 2, 813 380,429 178 27, 879 51,000 4,905 351, 744 179 8,050 7,000 1,015 125, 556 180 9, 259 19, 025 5,963 160, 366 181 4, 241 12,980 28, 945 125, 166 182 10 44, 541 187, 934 183 576 24,500 899 116, 839 184 9,064 28,900 1,782 127, 559 185 14, 161 1,000 109,669 341,465 186 15,438 7,000 85, 746 253, 252 187 65,400 26,000 1,895 299, 399 188 103, 131 189 18,000 4,500 300 112,225 190 15, 175 18,000 2,743 172, 501 191 41,062 28,000 5. 637 223,284 192 21,865 25, 156 7,357 274,969 193 6,588 5,000 2C0, 351 194 9, 100 20,000 406, 976 195 10,000 10,000 128, 824 196 10,000 125,000 282, 529 197 * 20,525 18, 110 273, 273 198 2, 250 1,000 8, 360 185,858 199 119, 628 200 88 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 22? 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 i ' 4 : BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 $3, 600 $98, 411 $7, 939 $5, 101 $8, 469 $1,015 $124, 535 2 3,000 136, 985 9, 513 3,432 10, 350 163, 280 2 4,940 95, 428 12, 067 5,058 8, 443 4, 475 130, 411 5,592 117, 019 21,700 5,934 3, 946 154, 191 5, 351 93, 368 14, 487 17, 451 3, 891 7, 807 1,868 126, 772 6,128 120, 860 6, 189 13, 818 164, 446 10,441 267, 581 35, 717 10, 464 17,001 3, 398 344, 602 12, 180 349, 890 42, 684 9, 176 16, 360 430, 290 12, 681 389, 106 60, 726 13, 332 15, 456 491, 301 7, 381 234, 896 116, 752 26, 856 10, 474 19, 159 298, 766 5, 255 18, 986 6, 849 4, 445 3, 042 155, 329 6, 173 164, 996 25. 222 5,088 5, 342 206, 821 9, 429 250, 522 31, 712 13, 994 9,035 7, 906 308,604 5, 566 96, 331 5, 619 12, 941 134, 451 5, 471 134, 901 22, 952 2,857 10, 017 176, 198 11,988 298, 176 46, 782 15, 617 17, 926 1, 235 391, 724 7, 925 12,446 168, 257 295, 116 22, 341 41, 548 7, 842 19, 125 3, 930 8, 982 215, 347 368, 235 8, 848 241, 803 42, 206 7,888 304, 675 8, 368 196, 970 33, 038 5, 260 14, 458 258, 094 8, 600 145, 770 15, 930 4, 869 8, 859 184, 028 9, 864 288, 103 38, 958 17, 151 9, 751 363, 827 6, 727 210, 133 32, 836 8,985 21,250 279, 931 7, 120 156, 251 22, 538 7, 823 13, 365 207, 097 11,669 248, 652 174, 322 30, 779 7,839 2,130 11,776 913 311,628 6, 015 27, 922 18,204 572 229, 165 7, 365 192, 122 31,529 9, 721 12, 708 253, 445 8,318 140, 359 16, 649 21, 817 4, 770 1,874 193, 787 9, 100 228, 738 24,887 8,442 7, 716 6,044 284, 927 9, 298 228, 931 31, 658 11 932 12, 860 294, 679 5, 9.54 80,807 11, 896 2,377 5,499 106, 533 10, 741 270, 884 41, 064 11, 120 25, 505 359, 314 8, 654 272, 435 50, 294 19, 416 23, 132 373, 931 7, 460 5, 193 6, 106 178, 585 202, 226 124, 929 21, 895 24,209 17, 722 11,116 7, 435 2,113 3,917 26, 032 245, 088 239, 063 160, 512 8, 112 1,530 6,033 134, 743 15, 793 7,075 167, 561 7, 411 158, 078 19, 020 5, 746 2, 698 697 193, 650 8, 529 244, 536 31, 176 10, 722 4, 930 33 299, 926 5, 279 100, 335 240, 742 16, 306 3,496 10, 658 136, 074 11, 183 29, 419 45, 831 5,607 5,308 15, 513 1,907 304, 371 10, 585 259, 450 24, 092 345, 266 10, 119 250, 909 43, 287 14, 878 12, 745 331, 938 10, 422 286,509 46, 567 22, 797 23, 152 389, 447 10, 777 206, 397 24, 975 5, 078 9,301 256, 528 15, 524 11, 350 7, 101 222, 343 213, 669 167,911 29, 373 4, 551 28, 885 7,471 7, 986 3, 215 4,442 2,960 282, 113 237, 556 210, 257 1,996 1, 149 10, 281 125, 048 17, 150 3,648 7,686 2,238 166, 051 584, 756 22, 141 432, 985 55, 096 18, 339 53, 716 2,479 9, 129 180, 436 33, 324 5, 964 3, 965 2,738 235, 556 10, 256 187, 181 36, 957 4, 138 10, 726 8, 717 257, 975 10, 652 147, 697 23, 324 2,115 4,036 1, 754 189, 578 10, 441 201, 774 32, 370 9, 458 6,802 1,698 262, 543 17, 032 300, 566 53, 754 4,605 6, 111 3,299 385, 367 34, 614 331, 040 92, 542 7,239 23,682 1,200 490, 317 8,806 203, 010 31, 826 5,044 3,585 2, 838 255, 109 10, 383 151, 104 32, 065 7,591 13, 277 3, 472 217, 892 20, 308 225, 846 58, 288 11,085 8, 686 5, 225 329, 438 11, 302 114,000 26, 098 677 5, 148 339 157, 564 11, 875 □ty systei 131, 586 n. 25, 829 3, 724 1,023 2,271 176, 308 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 89 current funds , city school systems , 1931-32 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization Summer schools Debt service Interest All other debt servce Capital outlay Grand total expenditures $474 7, 959 9,054 2,320 "2, '780 2,796 6,797 3,900 5,812 7,538 4,070 $1,099 2, 183 534 5, 720 2, 100 995 525 1,294 1,200 1,936 471 2, 756 426 1,129 1, 357 775 5, 387 928 2, 476 2,275 1,302 235 634 228 1,901 1,044 65 $20, 300 1,250 13,040 43, 550 35, 220 27, 490 20,160 $270 824 11, 859 25,631 22, 197 7,785 10, 180 15,290 38, 063 18,505 1,830 ”'588' ”'399' 10, 957 32,600 4, 950 5,290 1,410 26, 678 30,885 3, 825 297 2,217 25,604 13, 019 14,740 270 22, 420 34, 706 20,600 13, 438 2,317 '4,' 512 5, 262 $6, 250 39,500 96,000 74,000 61,000 29,000 12,000 15, 030 57,500 428, 517 20,000 23,000 48,000 39,000 39, 500 34, 700 23, 725 12,000 75, 797 57,000 11,250 10, 000 59,500 37,000 33, 000 45,000 56,000 48,000 54,000 $322. 793 2, 339 3, 321 645 6 4,499 7, 029 3, 327 13, 274 542 912 1, 472 4, 211 208,801 2,803 5,705 1, 398 3, 699 168, 263 14, 677 1,205 2, 923 3, 153 rj. 4, 769 1,398 60,004 1,079 5, 203 432 216 81, 671 1,720 42, 958 248,200 10, 849 12, 150 6,006 8,600 43,000 2,270 67, 655 125, 957 10, 652 12, 967 27, 187 30, 795 17, 807 50,000 189 58, 279 10,000 295 19, 807 8,500 177, 412 76, 910 96,000 1, 715 187, 628 122,000 7,652 28, 113 25,000 6,688 12,500 2, 143 41, 937 56, 170 10, 514 49,099 80, 573 19, 793 12, 801 938 $447, 802 165, 619 154, 032 154, 191 136, 016 164, 452 411, 783 577, 403 618, 622 400, 530 159, 687 256, 893 312, 176 155, 531 411, 888 477, 658 666, 586 406,289 339, 253 269, 884 420, 681 455, 567 341,077 210, 491 314, 781 274, 822 286, 045 198, 737 322, 564 301. 704 122, 470 523, 738 461, 816 247, 341 239, 063 190, 203 178, 489 194, 082 385, 030 196, 620 438, 274 345, 266 402, 380 523, 111 573, 833 35C, 185 248,633 228,413 219,921 793, 238 306, 505 330, 843 258,152 468, 262 559, 992 813, 754 312, 292 239,223 439, 103 287, 236 209,905 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 90 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses, outlays, and other payments from GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Michigan— Contd . 262 Menominee. . $7, 643 $122, 201 $24, 826 $2,249 $5, 335 $1, 184 $163, 438 263 Monroe _ _ 10, 617 184, 534 50. 072 2, 732 16, 807 1,484 266, 246 264 Mount Clemens _ 11, 606 171, 140 33, 955 7, 194 17, 667 6, 856 248, 418 265 Muskegon Heights . 14, 781 214, 158 36, 034 6, 960 8,689 4, 730 285, 352 266 Niles.. _ ... . 9, 666 131, 426 23, 205 2,963 3, 236 1, 328 171, 824 267 Owosso. _ 10, 547 165, 376 33, 571 2,658 2, 403 2,306 216, 861 268 River Rouge _ 13, 239 171, 765 36, 378 6, 903 11, 541 3,058 242, 884 269 Royal Oak _ 18, 069 305, 983 66, 396 3, 738 6, 672 3, 816 404, 674 270 Sault Ste. Marie _ 8, 935 183, 959 30,585 12, 605 2, 502 4,283 242, 869 271 Traverse City . . 8, 489 136, 804 19, 256 7, 730 4,892 3, 750 180, 921 272 Wyandotte _ 15. 566 319, 407 63, 194 9, 658 32. 479 680 440, 984 273 Ypsilanti. . - 9, 221 136, 379 32, 656 2, 681 3, 813 2, 123 186, 873 Minnesota 274 Albert Lea _ . 10, 292 162, 545 31, 383 4, 581 3, 772 1, 853 214, 426 275 Austin _ ... 9, 928 154, 612 27, 026 3, 925 3, 198 2, 094 200, 783 276 Brainerd _ 8, 357 103, 514 28, 282 1,986 2, 915 3, 960 149, 014 277 Faribault.. .. ... . 7, 826 114, 453 19, 735 6, 408 2,269 3, 776 154, 467 278 Hibbing - 76, 532 686, 367 189, 616 98, 678 156, 980 10, 167 1, 218, 340 279 Mankato _ .. 8, 716 163, 379 33, 655 5,805 3, 320 7, 886 222, 761 280 Rochester 14, 170 272, 339 44, 518 17, 791 9,804 358, 622 281 St. Cloud _ 10, 681 176, 143 43, 914 6,034 6, 078 6, 038 248, 888 282 South St. Paul 9, 964 173, 225 36, 860 3,314 6, 671 230, 034 283 Virginia . .. _ _ 67, 991 510, 517 149, 065 37, 433 66, 869 831, 875 284 Winona - - 10, 306 203, 308 38, 721 5, 218 12, 691 2,696 272, 940 Mississippi 285 Biloxi _ _ 4, 500 81,312 10, 242 999 97, 053 286 Clarksdale - .. 8, 337 68, 044 7, 619 6,061 377 1,595 92, 033 287 Columbus _ 5, 618 74, 093 5, 630 2, 814 4,843 1,164 94, 162 288 Greenville _ .. 5, 638 86, 851 9, 976 7, 500 1,200 111, 165 289 Greenwood _ 5, 625 92, 481 7, 949 1, 134 2, 154 109, 343 290 Gulfport 8 9, 238 92, 026 5, 520 1, 907 214 108, 905 291 Hattiesburg _ 4,701 81, 225 4, 676 974 952 577 93, 105 292 Laurel _ _ _ 11,015 141, 988 13, 415 1,642 2, 111 170, 171 293 McComb. _ 6,000 76, 796 9, 077 2,000 93, 873 294 Natchez _ _ 7, 422 66. 761 6,319 4, 072 84, 574 295 Vicksburg _ 8,566 100, 540 8, 828 5, 730 123, 664 Missouri 296 Cape Girardeau _ 6,232 138, 021 13, 855 4, 121 2,684 2,035 166, 948 297 Columbia. . . . 9,699 137, 809 27, 323 5, 426 2, 428 3, 618 186, 303 298 Hannibal - 10, 321 134, 791 16, 619 1,096 10 4, 128 166, 965 299 Independence _ 10, 259 183, 411 28, 371 8, 469 11, 858 565 242, 933 300 Jefferson City... . 8,809 134, 848 22, 108 7, 462 3, 446 630 177, 303 301 Maplewood _ 13, 280 228, 022 36, 151 19, 652 4,078 245 301, 428 302 Moberly . _ _ 5, 684 120, 808 19, 189 7,907 3,734 157, 322 303 St. Charles _ 7, 363 66, 362 11,932 3, 478 702 519 90,356 304 Sedalia _ 11, 195 199, 454 32, 847 7, 750 2, 520 4, 810 258, 576 305 University City _ 22, 432 380, 661 62, 998 12, 112 61, 703 785 540,691 306 Webster Groves _ 16, 543 328, 634 53, 623 21, 927 7, 751 4,395 432, 873 Montana 307 Anaconda.. . 9, 020 143, 192 25, 972 3, 291 8,900 6, 920 197, 295 308 Billings _ . . 13, 151 231, 889 39, 650 6,716 3,046 2,085 296, 537 309 Great Falls _ 23, 366 453, 624 71, 599 26, 194 15, 451 3,830 594, 064 310 Helena . . .. 11,817 158, 041 19, 809 2, 650 5,061 4,289 201, 667 311 Missoula . . 9, 185 127, 690 27, 733 8, 175 2,252 4,857 179, 892 8 Statistics of 1930. CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 91 current funds , city school systems , 1981-82 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION— Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools Debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures Interest All other debt service 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $3, 235 $5, 056 $3, 297 $175, 026 262 $758 34,237 87,000 3] 074 391, 315 263 36, 550 23, 005 931 308^ 904 264 $2,850 125,011 1,811 467] 779 265 12. 708 34, 394 3, 427 999’ 353 266 26, 168 24, 656 818 268] 503 267 90,669 160]000 8,960 502! 513 268 668 73, 407 170, 776 1, 316 650,841 269 1,085 $600 14. 955 16,000 7, 900 283,409 270 14,280 6,000 2,660 203,861 271 595 57,242 135, 311 16, 347 650,479 272 29,911 23, 000 320 240, 104 273 18,360 9,970 242, 756 274 30,385 61,003 8, 267 3C0, 438 275 120 5,000 243, 746 397,880 276 1,323 34, 602 4, 544 194, 936 277 9,489 73,248 100,000 54,501 1 1, 455, 578 278 362 2,445 18,600 20,000 8, 622 272,790 279 17,265 35,006 8,891 419, 784 280 3,777 25,966 27,020 35, 257 340,908 281 1, 104 43,860 57,000 2,765 334, 763 282 2,500 72,996 907, 371 283 554 1,374 4,875 5,000 73,413 358, 156 284 11,038 14,500 137 122,728 285 17,650 4, 313 113,996 286 9, 845 6,000 1,574 111,581 287 12, 755 15,000 138, 920 288 1,028 14,500 124, 871 289 5,890 114,795 290 495 30 3,850 97, 480 291 16,657 49,000 235, 828 292 10,000 103, 873 293 84, 574 294 123,664 295 - - 19, 672 26, 768 47, 045 260, 433 296 27, 102 23,000 7,700 244, 105 297 22, 271 33,000 222,236 298 23, 167 37, 919 6, 961 310, 980 299 430 18,250 ; 20. 142 6,886 223,011 300 962 38.028 l 31,000 10,222 381,640 301 24,530 22,000 4, 373 208.225 302 11, 188 13,000 2,672 117,216 303 32,000 39, 100 2. 100 331, 776 304 8,225 71,594 73,091 23,387 716,988 305 54, 667 54,667 32,479 | 574,686 306 8,250 15,601 221, 146 307 23, 190 41,000 6,699 367, 426 308 300 7,650 164, 442 49,026 815, 482 309 18,830 35,588 2,590 258,675 I 310 8,535 7,001 195,428 1 311 92 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 -320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 8S SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP III —CITIES OF 10,000 TO Current expenses, full-time day schools General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $8, 446 $137, 754 $18, 229 $4, 528 $3, 340 $1, 995 $174, 292 7,682 149, 120 21, 552 14, 303 1,838 1,918 196, 413 15, 032 242, 162 39, 534 7, 473 3,649 1,245 309, 095 8,145 186, 973 23. 676 7,278 2, 320 3, 353 231, 745 7, 343 148, 816 24, 411 3,735 2,883 6, 929 194, 117 8, 188 133,623 32, 515 5, 753 2,691 1,109 183, 879 7,283 207, 068 33, 218 10, 961 600 1,905 261,035 6, 515 133, 529 27, 508 2,262 10, 385 8,495 188, 694 6,035 108, 190 16, 415 3,691 12, 433 139 146, 903 10, 907 262, 572 44, 865 13, 384 19, 642 11, 562 362, 932 5,207 98, 907 16, 314 265 9,406 220 130, 319 6, 150 128, 666 13,688 3,748 39, 266 6,220 197, 738 2,501 101, 877 13, 083 2,809 8,940 1, 128 130, 338 8,041 175, 062 21, 561 2, 473 2, 474 3,649 213, 260 3, 832 74, 574 10, 194 640 9,807 5,066 104, 113 20,817 314, 309 42,700 16, 221 18, 551 2,617 415, 215 18, 011 398, 859 51, 698 21, 140 12, 430 4, 240 506, 378 8,206 238, 793 24, 784 18, 815 9, 580 2, 099 302, 277 5, 870 144, 051 17, 262 8,670 5, 665 989 182, 507 12, 272 196, 216 35, 068 10, 234 20, 829 2,825 277, 444 6, 464 316, 764 51, 813 17, 908 14, 680 1, 479 409, 108 10, 491 232, 843 29, 233 11, 796 8, 348 1, 810 294, 521 12,700 225, 450 41, 271 9, 782 11,060 1,507 301, 770 10,289 166, 105 21, 196 7, 879 4, 927 2,127 212, 523 17, 736 389, 145 60,409 26, 140 16, 294 8, 749 518, 473 13, 517 433, 437 68,029 26, 728 16, 887 4, 672 563, 270 8, 643 122, 626 24, 410 5, 556 4, 999 1,802 168, 036 25, 947 537, 325 71, 667 46, 123 1,036 7, 465 689, 563 15, 161 158, 102 35, 189 12, 799 13, 357 1,536 236, 144 6, 472 142, 668 16, 575 6,404 77, 606 59, 247 308, 972 9, 359 284, 010 39, 756 10, 886 11,909 3,303 359,223 17, 104 397, 050 68, 956 18, 924 28, 653 2,843 533, 530 8 8, 631 163, 595 29, 418 11,997 8 26, 419 8 1, 225 241, 285 13, 644 310, 634 41, 767 15, 667 11, 338 4,191 397, 241 11,748 340, 621 40, 980 10, 494 9, 656 11, 732 425, 231 9, 540 167, 841 28,699 3,733 20, 020 2,044 231, 877 6, 445 298, 236 47, 116 27,290 15, 218 5,062 399, 367 14, 725 215, 678 38, 252 9, 401 14,250 5,900 298,206 15, 469 406, 350 61, 498 11, 101 9,220 503, 638 7,991 173, 628 53,240 8, 341 14, 486 55,609 313, 295 12, 447 243, 758 33, 959 11, 544 3,830 2,021 307, 559 8, 675 169, 966 28, 866 20,682 8, 936 2,489 239, 614 19, 486 268,044 31, 603 7, 632 9,383 5, 657 341, 805 11,460 204, 675 26, 691 13, 669 9,087 954 266, 536 8,569 217, 656 43, 289 8,686 3,564 6, 229 287, 993 10, 117 331, 168 59, 874 60, 495 14, 711 5,502 481, 867 13, 555 237, 049 38, 166 22, 126 8, 321 4,344 323, 561 15, 051 275, 958 37, 631 15, 767 7,069 2, 334 353, 810 7, 355 130, 336 20, 454 6, 630 6,436 2,793 174,004 16, 513 334,917 43, 570 12, 732 10, 606 4,207 422, 545 17,409 312, 209 45, 702 7,068 10,887 925 394,200 7, 281 262, 400 47, 222 26,093 22, 791 1,294 367, 081 5, 497 231, 359 38, 754 15, 071 26, 073 4,062 320, 816 8, 321 245, 210 34, 066 40, 317 18,606 3, 312 349, 832 7, 660 381, 791 61, 124 9, 516 15,815 1, 130 477, 036 20, 569 455, 052 61, 162 29,693 29, 163 4,258 599, 897 15, 970 383, 440 57, 898 34, 612 32,870 2, 714 527,504 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS 93 current funds , city school systems, 1931-82 — Continued 29,999 POPULATION — Continued Part-time and con¬ tinuation schools Night schools and American¬ ization classes Summer schools 9 10 11 $215 3, 363 443 823 822 241 460 461 1, 147 464 $2, 235 $1, 853 1,900 132 3,200 2,585 304 1,578 795 2,785 5,890 1,425 4,424 15,584 2,299 4, 648 7,904 450 899 540 1, 3G0 2,678 893 8, 438 491 300 335 1,337 1,619 618 690 2,600 2,550 576 1,050 2,259 Debt service Interest All other debt service Capital outlay Grand total expenditures 12 13 14 15 $21, 914 $9,000 $205, 206 312 2, 319 $291 199, 238 313 17, 932 58, 265 6,403 395, 058 314 25,805 28, 065 8, 543 294, 601 315 2,562 30, 466 227,145 316 30, 387 4, 245 218, 511 317 19, 530 14,000 12,623 307, 188 318 29, 920 51,000 451 270,888 319 17, 525 28,200 78 195, 763 320 27, 771 42,074 4, 217 1,769 437, 235 132, 548 245, 622 321 322 6, 614 38,000 2,809 323 5,524 16, 250 5, 729 158,988 324 15, 957 24,000 86, 993 340, 674 325 2, 800 4, 231 111, 144 326 75, 978 34, 827 110, 896 636, 916 327 84, 125 149, 452 739, 955 328 33, 206 45, 559 1,325 384, 352 329 14, 760 16,000 215, 167 330 36, 364 26, 957 930 344, 895 331 72,928 46, 599 27,500 528, 635 332 31,887 45, 845 402, 338 333 39, 195 27, 139 368, 104 334 11,072 13,000 2. 372 239, 271 335 71, 174 43, 081 422, 099 1, 059, 190 336 57, 774 33, 770 661, 499 337 20, 316 37,038 59,124 226, 815 338 01, 349 109,051 943, 743 339 13. 250 1,700 24,500 253, 393 340 28,795 2,249 364,516 341 66, 620 67, 723 16, 680 510, 246 342 107, 471 77, 102 287, 354 1, 013, 361 343 20, 840 18,000 281,115 344 51, 834 28, 510 78, 041 556, 525 345 35, 579 29,000 22,669 512, 479 346 32,090 19, 437 13, 386 298, 150 347 51, 859 29,202 175, 020 1,896 655, 448 348 33, 035 29,500 362, 637 349 102, 515 80, 753 10,000 696,906 412,968 350 58, 673 41,000 351 38, 217 31,300 23,810 47, 566 428, 213 352 36, 779 300, 203 353 34, 198 21, 763 1, 749 408, 253 354 20, 968 34,400 8,699 331,091 355 39, 355 35, 282 362, 630 356 58, 215 38, 825 249, 429 828, 671 405, 581 357 46, 051 35, 969 358 46, 810 34,609 2, 496 410, 681 359 31, 182 29, 500 234, 686 360 66, 510 60,264 111,078 661, 705 361 53, 284 53,500 22, 346 523, 330 362 70, 653 47, 001 212,868 700, 203 363 11,995 8,000 33. 677 378, 664 364 44, 298 27,751 1,132 425, 272 718, 023 365 68, 986 41,690 130, 311 366 93, 718 58, 201 464,783 1, 216, 599 643, 496 367 62, 520 53,472 . 368 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 5. — Expenses , outlays , and other payments from GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO Current expenses, full-time day schools City General control Instruction Opera¬ tion of plant Main¬ tenance of plant Auxiliary agencies and co¬ ordinate activities Fixed charges Total 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 369 New Mexico Albuquerque... - - $13, 893 $349, 212 $31, 754 $8, 758 $4, 523 $7, 038 $415, 178 370 5, 861 4, 750 114, 809 81, 864 12, 370 12, 655 2, 426 2,225 5,385 140, 851 871 Santa Fe... ------ 4,900 3,988 110,382 372 New York Batavia.. -.- -.- 14, 012 284, 002 44, 263 13, 535 17, 677 17,286 390, 775 373 Beacon.-. - - 8,648 142, 951 14, 771 8, 869 10, 526 10, 840 196, 605 374 Cohoes _ - - 7, 625 139, 869 22, 704 7, 630 12, 595 3, 195 193, 618 375 Corning: District no. 9-.. 8, 932 101, 878 14, 863 5, 873 7, 096 7,692 146, 334 376 District no. 13 __ 7,540 106, 083 13, 853 3, 170 5,051 6, 614 142, 311 377 Cortland. - 10, 015 213, 772 19, 923 2, 563 10, 714 12, 958 269, 945 378 Dunkirk . - - 14, 422 274, 517 34, 871 6, 594 14,400 19, 782 364, 586 379 Endicott _ -- --- 11,380 363, 569 35, 626 13, 326 13, 526 20, 477 457,904 427, 510 380 Freeport - 14, 233 310, 888 41, 027 4,481 33, 437 23, 444 381 Fulton _ 10, 697 181,310 23, 022 5, 858 6,055 17, 007 243, 949 382 Geneva. . - - 10, 870 208, 336 29, 750 8, 165 8,443 15,944 281,508 383 13, 529 197, 498 237, 869 31, 839 39, 216 40, 081 9, 058 21, 939 21, 408 17,400 8, 314 23, 937 10, 991 280, 315 384 385 r>ieri. C5 ^ oV 8 55 40 CO CM CO 00 ^ CM CM *0 0 40 00 © CM 05 CO CM CO COCO CO oo cm co oo co 00 1-1 oocm^i-T o *o co CM — < COCO »o 00 — '-T »o iooT CO CO O © 40 CO 05 lO oc 05 O 40 ^ 22 >00 O — < fCM~ CM ^ CO 00 gg 00 lO CM O 1-H CO 82 ©00 ss t"- CO *o co -r1 CM © r>To5 Cl >- /■ 3 40 CO CO 40 CO CM CO CM a ilsl - „a e3 © O § S3 © 1>Q ®a« Spa o fe o T3 033 0 63^3 — 03 a M I o a © .2 ; ** SSai? . o © i ® - § 5 12 c t- £ 03 o I " i i 2 .3 9 — « C5 2 ”1 a a ®.2 £ 3 2 1 :a © © aa.. §~® 63 > c3 § © £f a .2 © _,o,a o a - o J | M w’o . a> n co 13 * a a _j® 3 © O . . ® X5 ow ® T3 T3 0 ^ a n lad 2®tj • c 3 IS 5 2 125 ^ag is ■ i a B o Ban o ^ a fi S -s g © o H pooH.h^^oo § -S g&S£ S2tSg£ js? ^ I c 1 CC i & lj= io icd Total auxiliary ex¬ penditures.. . C. Other noneducational ex- III. ALL INSTITUTIONS] REPORTING D | \ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 37 $42, 633, 127 221,697, 660 0) 8 60, 422, 382 £0 £ £ 0 £££ £ £ $47,231,796 232, 645, 009 21,297, 061 21,977,741 11,379,044 56,796,812 391, 327, 463 24,066, 441 415, 393, 904 5, 238, 649 CO >r_ iO CM O | 47, 819, 768 15, 266, 162 27,811,367 90, 897, 297 24, 993, 022 $29,793, 108 121, 253, 585 10, 737, 886 7,155, 941 6,678,756 32, 655, 257 208, 274, 533 3, 459,413 co ^ O 05 OO CO CO CO o rH co cm 214, 768, 751 SS2 OC CM C5 sffs£ CO O C5 CM cTiO CO »-» 57, 276, 020 21, 566, 586 $17, 438, 688 111,391,424 10, 559, 175 14, 821,800 4, 700, 288 24, 141, 555 183, 052,930 20, 607, 028 203, 659, 958 2, 203, 844 205, 863, 802 15, 464, 909 6, 252,911 11,903, 457 33, 621, 277 3,426, 436 $4, 465, 078 30, 530, 835 8 0) 14, 479, 282 (») (0 £ £ £ 8 £ £ $4, 882, 892 26, 890, 428 76, 928 102, 332 1,199, 351 6, 264, 100 39, 416, 031 550, 949 39, 966, 980 97, 289 40, 064, 269 5, 483, 160 780, 890 2, 097, 406 8, 361,456 601,430 $386, 436 1, 134, 363 3, 297 81,315 40, 577 353, 899 oc 8 OC CM 05 — 1 o 2, 015, 142 36, 739 2, 051,881 438, 421 15,641 117, 733 571, 795 242, 926 $4, 496, 456 25, 756,065 73, 631 21,017 1, 158, 774 5, 910, 201 37,416, 144 535, 694 37, 951, 838 60, 550 88 CO CM o oc 5, 044, 739 765, 249 1, 979, 673 7, 789, 661 358, 504 $38, 168, 049 191, 066, 825 (') 18,007,547 9, 621, 558 45, 943, 100 £o £ £ (0 £££ £ £ $42, 348, 904 205, 764, 581 21,220, 133 21,875,409 10, 179,693 50, 532,712 351,911,432 23, 515, 492 TJ« o CM CO O CO co CM CO oc CM 00 cc o CO OC CM — C NO CO CM 05 cc lO CO co oo ^ CO^N cf io ^ ^ CM 82, 535, 841 24, 391, 592 $29, 406, 672 120,119, 222 10, 734, 589 7, 074,626 6, 638, 179 32, 301, 358 CO OO co co 8 209, 718, 804 2, 998, 066 1 212, 716, 870 OCCN co »— S&8‘ C5 05 l> ~ od CO 1-1 56, 704, 225 21, 323, 660 $12,942, 232 85, 635, 359 10, 485, 544 14, 800, 783 3,541,514 18,231,354 145, 636, 786 20, 071,334 165, 708, 120 2, 143, 294 167, 851,414 10, 420, 170 5, 487, 662 9, 923, 784 25, 831, 616 3, 067, 932 A. Educational and general: 1. Administration and general control. . 2. Resident instruction: a. Colleges, schools, and departments. b. Related activities.. 3. Organized research . 4. Libraries . 5. Physical plant opera¬ tion and maintenance Subtotal . 6. Extension . Total itemized ex¬ penditures.. . 7. Uniteraized expendi¬ tures . Total educational and general ex¬ penditures . B. Auxiliary enterprises and activities: 1. Dormitories and dining halls . . . 2. Athletics . . 3. Other activities . Total auxiliary ex¬ penditures . O. Other nonoducational ex¬ penditures . m W s o Eh £ w > g Q £ >< N £ O <5 Eh < O I 00 H « < Ph 8 77, 603, 853 14, 152, 769 91,756,622 466 50, 406, 472 6, 353, 233 66, 759, 705 264 27, 197, 381 7, 799, 536 34, 996, 917 1 1 l 151 4, 963, 323 1, 159, 122 6, 122, 445 05 1 14, 962 22, 527 37, 489 142 II i— i lO CO CO lO oo cd co 05 i-H 6, 084, 956 1 579 $72, 640, 630 12, 993, 647 85, 634, 177 $50, 391, 510 6, 330, 706 66, 722, 216 122 $22, 249, 020 6, 662, 941 28,911,961 I. DEGREE-GRANTING INSTITUTIONS Number reporting . A. Capital outlay: 1. Buildings and grounds.. 2. Equipment . Total capital outlay. Table 3.— FINANCIAL DATA— TOTALS FOR SELECTED ITEMS, ALL INSTITUTIONS COMBINED, 1931-32 COMPARED WITH 1929-30 — Continued Part 3 —CAPITAL OUTLAY AND INVENTORIES— Continued 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 All institutions reporting All insti¬ tutions reporting, 1929-30 eo i i l l i i i i i 1 1931-32 All insti¬ tutions reporting N 1 1 1 50,649,324 309, 679, 381 1,439,150,903 334, 673, 742 2,083,504,026 1,357,930,275 89, 928, 215 152. 670. 144 3,684,032,660 263 $5, 668, 563 864, 794 | 6, 533, 357| Privately controlled - 33, 014, 809 211, 014, 435 854, 461,113 171, 451, 357 1,236,926,905 1,233,336,700 76, 469, 929 131, 388. 885 2,678,122,419 122 $1, 797, 927 309, 277 1 2, 107, 204| Publicly controlled O 17, 634, 515 98, 664, 946 584, 689, 790 163, 222, 385 846, 577, 121 124, 593, 575 13, 458, 286 21, 281, 259 1,005,910,241 141 $3, 870, 636 555, 517 CO £ TF Teachers colleges and normal schools All insti¬ tutions reporting, 1929-30 a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1931-32 All insti¬ tutions reporting (X) 3, 460, 473 11, 894, 488 127, 968, 929 24, 547, 330 164, 410, 747 5, 686, 639 539, 007 1, 487, 238 172, 123, 631 108 $2,799,499 210, 023 £ 05 O O CO Privately controlled 129, 450 524, 918 6, 200, 709 881, 086 7, 606, 713 3, 912, 434 27, 565 19, 595 11, 566, 307 19 $25, 420 13, 699 C5 05“ cc Publicly controlled o 3,331,023 11, 369, 570 121, 768, 220 23, 666, 244 156, 804, 034 1, 774, 205 511, 442 1, 467, 643 160, 557, 324 89 $2, 774, 079 196, 324 1 0 05 csT Universities, colleges, and professional schools All insti¬ tutions reporting, 1929-30 • | i j 1 CO o All insti¬ tutions reporting - s 00 00 00 t< $297, 784, 893 1,311,181,974 310, 126, 412 1,919,093,279 1,352,243,636 89, 389, 208 151, 182, 906 3,511,909,029 155 $2, 869, 064 654. 771 1 3, 523, 835| Privately controlled CO 32,885,359 $210, 489, 517 848, 260, 404 170, 570, 271 1,229,320,192 1,229,424,266 76, 442, 364 131, 369, 290 2,666,556,112 103 $1, 772, 507 295, 578 lO OO O 00 CO 0 rH COIO^ 00 00 05 CO 05 CO cooocsf HH05 ^ id cd COrHCO T}< Tt< COrHCO Privately controlled e* NOH-^OCO CON^COOO o> o r- 00 OSCO^rH^ld OS * 00 rH 00 OSld^rHCOld CNJ rH CO rH ^ (M rH Publicly controlled N 16.4 1.3 72.4 1.7 7.0 1.2 13.8 .2 80.7 .3 .7 4.3 16.2 1.3 72.8 1.6 6.7 1.4 Item - I. Degree-granting institutions: 1. Student fees... . - . --- . 2. Income from endowment . - - - - 3. Receipts from public sources for current expenses . . 4. Private gifts for current expenses . . 5. Sales and services of educational departments . 6. Other receipts for educational purposes . . II. Nondegree-granting institutions: 1. Student fees . . . 2. Income from endowment . . . . 3. Receipts from public sources for current expenses . ' 4. Private gifts for current expenses . - . - . 5. Sales and services of educational departments . 6. Other receipts for educational purposes . -- III. All institutions reporting: 1. Student fees . . - . . . . 2. Income from endowment - - - 3. Receipts from public sources for current expenses.. . 4. Private gifts for current expenses . 5. Sales and services of educational departments . . 6. Other receipts for educational purposes . . . Part 2.— EXPENDITURES, EDUCATIONAL AND GENERAL (1,357 INSTITUTIONS) HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 41 Exclusive of extension service All institutions reporting Pub¬ lic and pri¬ vate 19 O (NOOOOJH cm osi6*6 c4 Tt< rH IQ »-H CM 00 CO CM CO CM cb cb * * cm* ©’ rH o CM IQ CO 05 IO CM 05 lb lb CM* ^* rH l© rH Pri¬ vate QO rH lO Tt< CO CM CM ^ 00 lO CO CO ib y-4 iQ rH 18.9 52.5 .2 .4 1.9 26.1 CO CM CM CM oo ib co cb io rH l© rH Pub¬ lic r* i© O CO 00 O 05 05 o cd oo cm* cm lO t-h 9.8 70.6 .3 .1 2.5 16.7 i© 00 00 rH CO CM 05 © i© OO CM* CO Teachers colleges and normal schools Pub¬ lic and pri¬ vate c© CO CM CO CM CO cm oo co ib rH CO rH 12.2 67.9 o co co * CM* ^ CM CM CO 005 CM 00 * * CO* lb H CO rH Pri¬ vate lO 1C CO CO cm’ cb * cb cm* 1-? (M lO rH 13.5 57.1 .1 .9 28.4 19.3 56.7 .2 4. 1 2.0 17.7 Pub¬ lic h* 12.0 68.7 .2 .1 3.2 15.8 12.0 69.3 1 • 00 05 1 CM* lb 12.0 68.8 .2 .1 3.1 15.8 Universities, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools Pub¬ lic and pri¬ vate C© O CO CO lO 05 o cm oo cb cb cm’ rH 1C rH 13.6 62.2 .4 .3 2.1 214 O IO O CM 05 Tt< CM* oo cb cb CM Tt^* 1-H io rH Pri¬ vate w 14.0 58.5 5.4 3.6 3.3 15.2 19.4 52.1 .2 .5 1.9 25.9 CO CM CM t* CM Tti OO lO CO CO lO rH l© rH Pub¬ lic 3 05 ONOO-^IN 00 00 O CM* CM* lO rH rH 8.3 71.5 .6 .1 2.4 17.1 05 00 CM CM ^ i© 00 00 © CM CM* LO rH r-i Including extension service All institutions reporting Pub¬ lic and pri¬ vate ® CO 1C T* CO 00 CO H CM CO CO CM CO CM CM OHCONNOO t-4 ib ib ib cm* cb cb cb cb * * e$ © *-h cb ib ib cm cb ib rH lO 1-H rH CO CM rH lO rH Pri¬ vate 05 05 IOCOIOC105N 05 lO (M ^ 00 rH rH rH CO rH ^ rH T? CO cb ib cb cb »h cb e4 * * *h cb ib cb cb ib i-i rH lO rH rH lO CM rH l© rH Pub¬ lic QO ic 1C lO 00 CO lO 05 lOCOHiONCl CO CM CO CO 00 rH oo cb ib cm rH © 05 © * * cm* cb oo ^ ib cm’ i-i © lO rH rH rH IQ rH rH Teachers colleges and normal schools Pub¬ lic and pri¬ vate 12.2 67.2 .2 .3 3.1 15.4 i. 6 12.2 67.7 O CO CM CO CM CM CM CO O N ^ * CM* t-J CM * * cb lb rH* Pri¬ vate ® CO 05 CM CM CO CO CM iO rH CM* lb * cb CM* rH rH CO CM lO rH rH IO .1 .9 28.4 CM COCMOOCON 05 cb * rt<‘ cm rH l© rH Pub¬ lic i© 11.8 67.7 .2 .1 3.1 15.5 1.6 12.0 69.0 2.8 15.9 .3 11.9 67.8 .2 .1 3.0 15.6 1.4 Universities, col¬ leges, and profes¬ sional schools j Pub- lic and pri¬ vate - CM TJH05HNHCO CO rH CO CM CO rH CO 00 CO GO P'- iO CO rH H^ibcbcMcbcb cb cm * * cm’ h * h ^'»bibcMcbcb rH IO rH rH CO CM rH IQ rH Pri¬ vate e© 00 IOCOIOWON CO HW10 05C5H o COi-t^CMrfCO cb ib cb cb ib rH 05 cm * * rH ib tjJ t^ibcbcbibrn rH IO rH rH l© CM rH l© rH Pub¬ lic w 7.8 50.5 6.7 9.4 2.1 10.7 12.8 8.3 71.4 .6 . 1 2.4 17.1 .1 7.8 51.7 6.3 8.9 2.2 11.0 12.1 Item - I. Degree-granting institutions: 1. Administration and general control.! . . 2. Resident instruction: a. Colleges, schools, and departments . b. Related activities . . . 3. Organized research . . . 4. Libraries . . . 5. Physical plant operation and maintenance . 6. Extension . . . . II. Nondegree-granting institutions: 1. Administration and general control . 2. Resident instruction: a. Colleges, schools, and departments . . b. Related activities . 3. Organized research . 4. Libraries . . . 5. Physical plant operation and maintenance . 6. Extension . . . III. All institutions reporting: 1. Administration and general control . . 2. Resident instruction : a. Colleges, schools, and departments . b. Related activities _ _ 3. Organized research.. . . . 4. Libraries. .. . _ . 5. Physical plant operation and maintenance 6. Extension. . . . 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Part 4— CERTAIN ITEMS AS DIVIDED BETWEEN PUBLICLY CONTROLLED AND PRIVATELY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS (VARYING NUM¬ BERS OF INSTITUTIONS FOR DIFFERENT ITEMS) HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 43 58743—35 - 4 Part III. — Summaries by States Page Table 5. Faculty, students, and degrees . 47 Table 6. Professional school students and degrees . . 54 Table 7. Faculty variously classified . 56 Table 8. Students of college grade . 62 Table 9. Students off campus, and secondary, and military enrollments . 68 Table 10. Students enrolled in professional schools . . 73 Table 1 1 A. Students enrolled in and graduating from curricula preparatory to teaching, by school level . . 80 Table 11B. Students enrolled in and graduating from curricula preparatory to teaching, by specialty ... 86 Table 12. Degrees in arts and sciences . 91 Table 13. Degrees in professional schools . 96 Table 14. Honorary degrees conferred . 102 Table 15. Receipts . 104 Table 16. Expenditures, current . 109 Table 17. Capital outlay and property . 115 45 Table 5.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32 ■UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, AND JUNIOR COLLEGES HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 47 Degrees Honor¬ ary- men and women £ 1,167 2 :S33S nh§2S i i : : Doc¬ tor’s— mon and wom¬ en 1 ISIIs "8581 88358 Iilll ef cfod-d i-7 of cd i>Vj!Ved coco 1-7 cd Men 116, 479 laisl s=sis 11311 sSlSI of -f -T odededef rfef cd Regular ses¬ sion, 1931-32 Wom¬ en 2 e llili 88888 58388 Sllll dncJocd rf iOlNd ^TdwodtC »dV cdjd Men 3 3 Iggis §1111 IISsS 58511 sdcdnd c© jnedod cfefjocd© 0 NMCDNCO NOOOCOIN i-h i-« CO CO CO 04 CO (M C5 NCSCOO-^ > rH YEY 0 uamoAV F El 0O N )UC M AT] [C >N, 19 3 o- L932 CO • i OO 1 00 00 rH 1 1 1 f 1 U9JM e* 967 © 1 US CO i ^ 1 CM © 1 2 years uouioay CD 16,511 533 rococo (Ncohoo^ ©usrHoous co oo ©t^o co © © CO CO rH CS US CS us CO CO U9JA[ © N 2,028 CO CO rH © CO ©©!>-©t>. ONr-lNTf CO © © © CO US CO 3 years uaraoAi N 5,404 • © 1 i>- 1 co i © © 1 365 9 26 U0JM ffO w 837 I c5 © 1 © © rH i-l ! i l (M T-l <11 1 1 1 Degrees 2 Master’s uaraoAi N W 330 ; s ; U9J/\[ N 237 ; 8 ! • i i • i i ■ i i Bachelor’s uaraoAV O N 10,243 84 85 77 1,161 263 33 - CM © OO © © © © l©rH© © CO rH TjH i CO © rH rH l • Ol^LO TJH©OOCO© rH©© N©©COTt< CS| © CO © rH C* Regular session, 1 1931-32 u0uioa\ CD 114,022 2,038 844 645 6, 553 1, 619 1, 095 642 870 434 5, 663 2, 599 1,684 2, 251 4, 456 1, 124 U0J\T US 50, 338 © OOOOOOfO OO CO 00 CO US HOINOOCO lOONOOO CO(NCOHN ON^rfOO H CO H CO ©t^©t^* t^OOt^rH of O0 © CO CM © CM CO © © CO CO CM CO TtON CM rH rH © HP © © 138 rH © 1 CM © © © HHN 1 © CM rH CO 1 510 C0 050HIN OOMON OOOC51-H OMW*0 COCO CO IOCOH HO) CO 05 CM co I-H CO H H Tp © © CO CM © hP 00 Tp rp 00 00 hP l ^ © © © i t'- 00 CM CM CM CM CM 628 471 6 39 75 446 0 2, 352 2 13 237 134 ! i S 1 1 © 00 1 © CO 00 1 © 1 1 i l l © 1 1 © t'- CM rH © © 1 tH i ICO rH © 1 rp ©CO ■ CO CO rH i 1 1 rH Hp © I © i H 1 1 1>- 1 1 CM CO © 1 © CO • CM i i i CM CM ©II . 1 © rH 1 l till© 1 rH 1 COil IIIII i CM 1 * 1111 1 00 1 II IIIII 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 II ; © ii iiiii i © © i i i i i i CM i © i II IIIII 1 rH 1 1 till 1 © 1 II IIIII 1 II till 1 rH 1 II IIIII 1 II till 1 1 it IIIII l II l I 1 l I i 1 III II 1 i i i © © © © © CM © CM © © hP CO hP © CO tP i © 00 © CM CM ©r^rH © ©rp ©Tpr^o© cm© ico© co © cm CO © tH HN H rH HP CO rH © l © iH tP 00 Tp 1 © CM CO i © CM CO i CM HP i II 40 CM © Hp CM CM 1-1 © oo o 33 376 85 40 309 2 118 11 64 15 137 36 69 88 412 526 19 28 113 431 1 186 464 l ^ ©© r CM ''P ©II IIIII 1 CO CM 1 1 illl© 1 rH 1 CO >1 IIIII 1 rH © 1 l Illl 1 N 1 ii iiiii i ii iiii i CM i 11 IIIII 1 II Illl 1 1 ©ii iiiii 1©© II III ICO 1© 1 II IIIII 1 1H CO II III 1 rH 1© 1 II IIIII 1 II Illl 1 rH | II IIIII l II Illl 1 1 i i i i i i i 1, 206 901 3, 828 4, 498 3, 156 897 5, 186 765 1, 623 693 2,945 415 9,515 2, 920 1, 893 2,010 4, 625 1, 017 8, 335 561 1,058 3, 253 4, 626 274 2, 950 1,355 3, 127 4, 799 II CM © © © r- © CO rH rH © CO CO rH i co oaoo © © > CO ©HP © © 1 CM © rH rH 2, 106 CO CO O h CO CMCMI^hPCO Tf 05 WN ^ CO h C5 CM 00 CO CO t''- CO CO CM *— i CO 00 © CO © HOOOCOH OOnp-pt^CM CM 10 05 hP hhiO CM rH CM 05 O COHHOOH lO h 05 ^ CO © © CO HP CO cm oo t^coco Csfr-T CM* rH CM CO rH CM i-TcO 1 00 © CM ©©©© rH © © CM©rH HP ©TPrH© 565 1 1 1 III IIIII l © III Illl III IIIII 1 III Illl III IIIII 1 III Illl ill iiiii i CO • • i iiii III IIIII 1 III Illl III IIIII 1 III Illl i i i i 1 1 1 1 l CO 1 1 t''* © 1 CM 1 ICO 1 1© 00©© 1 © i i rH © ICO 1 ICO 1 1© © © © i ii CM * i i i i i II IIIII 1 © 1 HP © 1 © 28 15 264 55 240 © © © 1 Hp 1 1 485 i 1 i CM TP 1 00 1 1© 1 1 rH HN© 1 III H O 1 N 1 1 © 1 1 © © © rH 1 III ©I • 1 lirHrHrHl s i s i © © CM 1 HP © © 1 © H 1 251 CM © 144 447 467 556 1,470 1,592 1,795 338 3,749 265 1,327 303 1,105 230 2,806 960 1,312 1, 207 2, 027 655 4, 149 125 714 1,353 3,417 148 1,204 792 2, 135 2,682 00 CO © © HP © © rH 00 © © © t>- © © CO © *>• © CM CO CM rH 1,759 850 1,085 4, 173 4, 724 3, 730 970 6, 619 763 2,365 819 3, 297 515 7, 389 2, 200 2,518 4, 657 1,236 10, 468 606 1,264 2,955 5, 574 276 2,588 1, 771 4, 308 7, 122 1 HP CM ©© 00 © 00 CM HP © © © © rH CM © © © © © CM Hp rH CM ^P Tp rH CM 2,526 CO 00 982 4,800 2,638 1, 101 6, 654 702 2,711 251 622 1, 133 4,931 3,357 2,120 2,163 6, 266 1,275 4, 175 1, 367 4, 278 10, 214 2, 167 1, 983 3,125 4, 012 1,940 237 179 797 236 3, 389 g 138 1,368 390 322 1,864 70 510 30 107 394 1,406 317 653 538 3, 479 124 1, 607 244 1,453 3,243 115 408 1,129 1,715 393 00 30 64 © HP 551 CO rH 05 05 CO Tf lOOCMCO IOHCOOM CM ^ n iO CO CO CM 00 *P 00 10 05 0 © © CM © © HIOC0 0 05 HP © © CM 00 O hP CO CO CO COOXNNN OO CO 00 CM 05 05 TP rH 05 05 CO CO 05 HP 05 05 H © © CO © H ICO) WO CO HP 00 I-T CO Hp CO © r-T cm" © CM rH C- CO ©© CM 00 CM CO fh H rH CO CO H CM rH rH © rH rH H H H © rH H CM rH H H CO COCOHPrH©OOCM©OOrH Hp CM rH CO np rH rH 201 © CO »h CM ©©CO©© © CO © TP tP hP © © © CO N©©HT^ © © © CM rH 05 CO 05 ^ rH CM © CO t>- CO © I'- 00 00 OO CO © CM © hP © ©©CO CM CM rH CM rH CM TH CM rH CM ©HIT. ©lO©CONH© | © © rH rH rH CM rH j © ^©ScM00 CM 05 CM © CO Is* CM CM 00 © rP © © 00 rH tP © CM © hP I> © | CMHr-iHCMHCOHHH HP 4l.li a o '3 & C3.H.9 S.oQfi JgJfM SS** > 5 fl S m9 O •SLM Q o oj rs ues-e-s o* g>g ^ ® o o ^3^2; — S3S3S aa2££ trnfA qoq£« ££££>: £££ 3Sow22:l£>£ « a 52 a .9 zs p x ^ 5 © ©.; 9 o.2 2 « 3^ t*-si> .2 5 1 Includes special and unclassified students. * Doctor's degrees, 14 men, 3 women. 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 • Table 5.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Part 3 —TOTALS (1,460 INSTITUTIONS) 8 a> w> a> Q Hon¬ ora¬ ry— men and wom¬ en N N 1, 167 CO UOOH rH CO COHH 1 l 1 1 I 1 *$^>5 . i ■ Doc¬ tors— men and wom¬ en W 2,900 i i i ^ iO O iN i i IC0005N ! ! ! c5 ^ S3 ! 00 ! ! ! co 00 £5 rH • i i iiii iii iiii Mas¬ ters in¬ clud¬ ing ad¬ vanc¬ ed en- gi- neer- ing— men and wom¬ en N 19,339 ONNHN »0(NMCOtD HONHCO COtOrHOOCO CO 0 0»0 1>0>IOC^IO T-t HN rH iQ rH rH Tt< CO CO Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional Wom¬ en 05 54,792 00*^05 05 HCOOOCDO OCOOOiCO GOONiON COiOCO^CM NHNHCO t>.i-HCS05C0 CM CO CO 05 rH 05 40^ CO CO CM* rH rH r-T Men QO 83,271 852 223 377 4, 183 919 1,292 73 1,710 451 1, 265 268 5, 303 2, 631 2, 065 1,444 Enrollments Professional schools Graduate Wom¬ en 10,501 ONCS'OOl f'. 1 t'- CO 05 O O CO ICO COCO t— 05 ICO HiOOi ICO CO IH 05 i IN Men cc 24, 961 CM O rf CM CO Hd H 1 oo CO ^ GO IO O 05 CM CO GO N 00 iN NOCM>OiO i-h CO CM i-H CM i O CM CM CO CM ! CM" i Undergrad¬ uate Wom¬ en 193, 158 CiO^rHOO 40^ 05 051^ CM t'*- 00 CM CM HT)HTt<05^ CM CM CO CO OJHCiTfoO T^CM05COCO ^r^COOH CO 05 05 CO 40 cm" r-f CO cm" I-T i-Ti-Tcm" O COCO CO Men 302,375 4, 163 1, 103 1,333 13,317 4,239 1, 437 225 5, 605 1,970 4,640 1,357 22, 189 9, 538 5, 353 5,027 Arts and sciences . Graduate Wom¬ en eo 16,711 CO 00 GO O CO CM i rf 05 40 CO CO CO O 40 CM 05 05 i N CO CM CM »0 40 00 CM rH rH CM TH 140 rH CM CM ^ CM CM" j r4 Men N 25, 947 92 63 24 1,837 274 674 925 144 142 27 2,534 608 851 331 Undergrad¬ uate Wom¬ en a 235,517 3,265 657 2,319 24, 952 2,644 985 197 2, 996 1,685 3,578 806 16, 615 4, 877 5, 929 5, 491 Men o 296, 495 3,494 1,200 2, 842 29, 827 2, 550 4,662 256 4,229 1,564 3,520 1,388 19, 419 7, 279 7, 580 6,459 Fresh¬ men (first year of college wTork) — men and women 05 307,076 5, 144 1, 611 2, 754 24, 926 3, 946 2,324 306 4, 119 2,410 4, 185 1,263 15, 438 9, 287 7,423 7, 296 Third week of fall term — men and wom¬ en GO 839, 741 6, 657 4,032 6, 031 50, 529 11, 037 9, 121 801 13, 526 6, 064 10, 678 2,775 53, 253 24, 509 21,430 18, 704 Summer > session, 1931 Wom¬ en - 266,243 6, 218 836 3,311 11, 603 6, 432 15 386 1,776 2, 253 4, 679 488 12,496 7, 004 7, 033 7, 074 Men CO 148,017 3,088 377 1,377 6, 592 2, 687 32 111 1,792 902 2, 084 294 10, 544 5, 205 3, 872 3, 046 Regular session, 1931-32 Wom¬ en U5 486,936 6,238 2, 004 3,310 37, 493 5, 463 2, 764 321 5,719 2, 901 6, 235 1, 566 30, 113 9, 339 10, 049 9, 752 Men - 667, 181 8,090 2, 489 4, 192 47,121 7, 257 6,888 483 11,651 3, 668 8,468 2,860 45, 451 17, 654 14, 068 11, 946 Faculty (reduced to full-time basis) Wom¬ en eo 29, 109 MHiOOOJ O CO CO 00 CM HNiOiOCO lOCM CG NO N^OCGO CO *0 O CM O rH CO 00 CO Tt< CM CO iO »-HCM*OOOCO Men N 71, 680 C5COCO^t}4 n 00 co n o ncocmo»o •OIOGOCO^ lOOOOCO O ^ N* CO 03 NCM »OCON O 00 CO O COOONH TjT rH rH ^ r-T r-T rH State or outlying part - Continental United States _ Alabama . . . . Arizona _ _ _ Arkansas . . . California . . . . Colorado . . . Connecticut . Delaware . . . . District of Columbia. . . Florida . . . Georgia _ _ _ _ _ Idaho . . . Illinois _ _ _ _ Indiana . . . Iowa . . . Kansas . . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 53 d — <*©T co cm* co r-T of Tjf t-T »eorH^Tt>f rtTco* cmVh* ^oTcf co cocsfiC 49 271 I8 OWM©N COt^iOCO(N 00NW©H 00 40 CO 00 CO 40 05 COCMC00005 CO CO CO CM I 00 CO CM CM rH CM 04 r- CO O ^ CM iO ^ 40 40 CO N 00 0 CM CO O O 00 1-H 00 1-H 40 40 CM HH i-H COCO ^ Ol Oh 1-H CO T-H l-H 1-H 40 CO ^ i-T co i-T I l 05 l ^ .00 1 1 1 N©rHOO© 40 CO 40 CM CO co 00 O co CM rHrncOCMCO cm CM 0 CM N rH 40 M I »0 05 CM 40 CO CO CM CO CM 05 N!N©0^ 05 ^ 05 40 rH CM O CO 00 *Q CO CO Is- CM CO CO 00 t'- CM 1-H coo 05 t* 40 CM ^ CM CO t- CM rH 00 CM hCOh CM ^ CM 1-H r-T | i ^ 4,748 2, 752 774 2, 594 9, 325 7,121 5, 947 3, 672 7, 290 1,050 2, 589 339 558 1,820 258 28, 191 6,403 806 12, 716 4, 719 1,618 7, 965 524 4, 368 1,555 5,034 15, 369 1,339 726 5, 209 4, 535 1,964 4, 452 191 1 HIONH 40 05 050 4, 033 2, 864 1,747 2,732 9,471 9, 619 7, 336 3,055 8,247 1, 582 3, 192 310 2, 849 4, 276 630 41, 833 7, 662 1,343 17, 504 4,487 1,979 15, 520 1,435 2, 905 1,617 5, 025 12,852 2, 168 1,054 6, 931 5, 462 2,880 5, 265 361 HNOC5 Tt< 00 r— 1 00 COrH H 7, 275 3.916 1,541 3, 525 9, 683 9,118 8, 990 3, 362 12,421 1,656 5, 120 281 1,659 3, 816 952 31,180 7, 078 2, 584 15, 389 7, 530 3, 339 17, 836 999 3, 457 2, 040 5.917 16, 407 3, 385 857 6, 967 4, 935 4, 059 6, 860 503 CO 00 CM 40 CO O CO 11, 581, 10, 443 4, 494 12,910 30, 770 36, 160 24, 364 6, 254 32, 780 3, 653 10, 729 932 5,241 12, 864 2, 328 83, 576 17, 659 5, 534 44, 022 18, 990 9, 190 74, 703 3, 707 9, 436 5,119 14,312 33, 681 6, 915 2, 651 17, 653 14, 592 9,032 23, 117 1, 220 CO co CM O O 05 r-H 05 CM 40 6, 359 4, 104 1, 271 1,961 4. 368 9, 395 6, 392 2. 368 10,347 1,115 5.367 427 1,981 1, 754 26, 717 7. 367 2, 624 11,971 10, 244 3, 161 14, 026 2, 112 2,203 8, 068 23, 049 932 797 5,906 5, 123 4,618 7,693 819 i co c I 40 C 1 ^ 1 1 gs 2,801 2, 526 475 957 4, 129 6, 020 3, 306 851 4, 460 275 1,783 138 1, 348 694 19, 792 3, 154 1,146 7, 866 6, 572 984 9, 659 1,254 604 3, 299 9, 670 720 203 2,132 2,330 2,241 4,375 250 1 05 C 1 CO " 354 9. 613 5, 581 2, 174 3, 968 18, 993 19, 421 12, 164 4.613 16, 576 2, 044 6, 769 433 1, 370 4, 874 1,169 77, 118 10, 030 3,518 26, 284 12, 628 4,511 30, 024 1,352 5, 091 2,973 10, 512 21, 972 3, 220 1,117 8, 886 7,236 5, 694 11, 167 574 53 1, 122 97 732 9, 500 6, 976 2, 987 11, 195 33, 320 26, 192 15, 146 4, 228 20, 631 2, 505 8, 141 619 3,920 8, 620 1,611 105, 570 11,216 3, 393 35, 133 12, 646 6, 494 52, 295 2,290 5, 135 3,036 9, 947 23, 537 4, 979 1,561 11, 155 9, 966 5, 746 14,377 828 rH IO O 05 05 05 rH 05 00 rH 00 575 464 193 483 1,290 901 731 489 929 115 463 23 129 406 77 2, 893 955 203 1,491 604 328 1,877 108 401 277 671 1,311 175 98 875 474 297 656 66 t*- IO 1-H 40 1,019 1,066 382 1,528 5, 130 2, 234 1,699 555 2, 141 289 856 91 560 1, 116 229 8, 879 1,340 434 3, 593 1,092 777 6, 205 268 680 430 1,407 2,576 359 276 1,445 962 613 1,365 161 CM 05 ^ H4C 05 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fill ■•III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | till 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■w ! ! • • £ • • b ; ; •ci ! 1 >> c3 ^ a O C3 3 'I T3 3 C3 O as ahs c3 q, a o a-r 2 j§© s? § § I II .§ I 2- >..2 a ® 3 ,Q > ^ &£ © © © © £££££ sag oofl fc-£-£.2.2 © O O.Q J* ^2:oo cs-o a « '3 a-3 o S « 8-* > OT 03 a^oOQ SS'gSS £ gjg 3 3 o£x££ 3 3*8-0, a *© 2 £? © ©-« ©.S3 h£0» a a 3 ’So a tub bftS’B 3 a£§I s§8»& ££££ *I« «&£ fe 3 -- »o IN tF CO siuopn^g w 40, 168 211 63 1, 459 598 817 417 220 522 162 2, 576 733 806 1,112 | 385 155 2, 159 2,918 766 446 1^ CM CO CO Theology S89I§8(J co N ® t-O oo CO to 03 L- rH lO 00 o CO CO rH tO tO O 1 CO rH CM CM tF ' (M H 1 1 IN O IN CO oo co to 1 CM i s^uapnis os N 12, 350 1 30 578 138 312 cm CO NOdX tF ir-iOO CM 03 O GO CM CO CO i tO to CM rH GO to rH rH CO CO ' i-H H T}C rH 1 r-T 1 CM i co i 03 1 Phar¬ macy S99j29(I os 2,382 CO N- tF CM In to HCOW CM 03 00 CO to o o CM rH CM rH CO CM CM CO CM CO CO O 03 HN O tF rH GO H sjnapn?g o n 9, 782 CO O to N- 03 to rH CO CO CO rJlOTjINOS COCO N to rH N^OHIO 03 IN in co cm rH CO H o 00 to TF CO O to N CM O to CO tF CO rH CO Nursing S88039Q OS 82 1 7 29 [ i T"H ! CO • siuapmjg s 6,385 03 CO O CIO o to 00 1 CM CM 00 00 II 03 1 03 O rH 03 II |NN« J* CM CM 03 C3 tO CM to o ! to 1 Medicine saaiSod 5, 487 o CO O to hJ« TF 00 to TF CM CM lOOHCO 00 rH 03 'TfOOlO 00 rH 1 CO rH H rH 00 CO rH to CO TF 1 CO O rH 03 CM CM 1 rH CO (MH CM 1 siuapn-jg a 24, 040 107 198 1, 078 214 192 oo o tO i 03 CO CO CO CM CO CO i CO to 00 rH tF 00 CO ' tF tF CO CO CO to 1 CM 00 CM 03 to CO O 1 O CM to 00 to CO 1 IN CM 03 O 03 1 Law S39lS8(X »o 9,308 o to co oo o N- COHCOrHO H Tt« H CO CO TH O O TF rH CO 00 »0 03 Q0 rH 1-t c N 03 CO CO N- IN rH to rH 33 1,079 395 133 19 241 12 sjnapnjg 3 37, 170 O Ci O OO (N CO CM 00 CM 05 C5 rH CM rHCO(N CO CM~ 00 CO CM C3NOCMO O rH CO 03 CM WtONHX 00 CO d d CO CMNCOCM CM CO CO CO 165 5, 224 1,540 547 73 1, 606 63 Home economics S99j39o; in 1,964 IN O rH IN IH h iO N CO ^ ^ tF CM 1-T CM rH* r-T COCOOfr-T r-T >0 H Dentistry S99J39(J 05 2,084 to CM O i CM to 1 00 OlON 1 CO rH in co tf i tf co CM 1 1 CO CM tO 03 00 00 co CO J sjuapn^g 00 8,519 1 N- (M tO rH CO O 1 0 COrHrHCOCM rH rH oT tO CM CO CO CM CM tO 0“ O* H N State or outlying part - Continental United States _ Alabama . . . . Arkansas . J California . — Colorado . . . Delaware _ . . _ . . District of Columbia . Florida _ Georgia . . . Tdahn _ Illinois _ _ _ Indiana . . . . Iowa . - . Kansas . . . Kentucky . . Louisiana . . Maryland . . . . TVTassaehnsetts Michigan. . . . . . Minnesota . . Missouri.* . . . Montana . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 55 Table 7.— FACULTY VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1931-32 Part 1— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, AND JUNIOR COLLEGES 56 Total (reduced to full-time basis, ex¬ cluding those em- w ployed for sum- ^ mer sessions only) y 2 NIAL g a URV © EY 1 OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 h©cO'<*© © oo © oo © ooh©h«o nnonio ©©t^©© (NC0 05^(N CO^dCOCJ O0 © OO CO CM OOOiNiO h CO CO OO 00 CO CM © CM CM HOOT* OOCOP-© COT* coos © © t* © Men 67, 164 ©t*©CM© OOOHNN NOJNHH (NCOOOOi CM CM © © © CO O CM © CO©CO©CO CO 03 CM © H NODOHCO O O h CM CO CO CM to CO CO O CO CO © CM P- © © © 00 © CO to © © CO to 03 CM T*“ H* r-T CO'rHi-TrH' H H© CM H H Organized research Other, men and women C* 1,416 CM 00 © P- CO © i CM CM i iN i © CO ! CO CO © CM t* © ! 00 CO H H CO CM T* IH l 1 00 • H CO 1 H CM 00 H CO i i i i i CM i i i i i i i i Agricul¬ tural and experi¬ ment sta¬ tions, men and women w 2,924 CM H © i OS © 03 i©t* 00 H CO 03 © Nt^iONt^ © CO 00 H © © T* CO • to CO H i 00 H t* CM CO © CO to CO to © HOO^O^ l I H H H H H H H 1 1 Extension service County home and club agents, men and women - 4,046 r^T*© i CM CM© 1 00 H © ! © CO © t* © 00 © © © CM 00 © ©CM to 1 ^ CO i © CM CO t©COH CM © CO to © © © © t* H H i l CM IHHH HH HH 1 1 1 1 1 1 Agricul¬ tural and home eco¬ nomics extension, men and women o 2,032 © © ' © oo h© i©© ©ooco©© cooor^©© cdcmhn© CM H i to H CO • CO to H CO to N © © CO H CO CM © t* >«* © H i i Univer¬ sity ex¬ tension, men and women os 4,382 © CM H © OO ©CM ■ © P- i©CONH © r* © © © 00 CM © © H NHCM WN CM H i©© i h CM © CO© ©00 <«* © H i H H 1 H CM H H H Corre¬ spond¬ ence, men and women GO 3, 128 © © P- © GO l » © © H 1 © © H H © © P- ! H CO © 03 ^ © CO CM P» CO 00 i • |©©00N CM © H i CM © CM 00 t* N l 1 H 1 i-H l H ill 1 III 1 II 1 1 Summer session, 1931, men and women 18, 647 CO 00 CM 00 H CM t* CM © 00 t* © CO CM © © 00 © © ©©©©© CO CO t* 00 CM HWCONH t* 00 CO CM r* © 00 © 00 © t* H © © CO CM 00 CO CM H CO ©©00© COCO H© P» t* H t* Resident instruction, 1931-32 Total, excluding duplicates Women CO 17, 623 P- T* CO © © © © © H © P- P- CM © © © © H CO 00 OS CO © H T* CO © 00 CM P- CO t* © © P.P'-P-OS© © © r* CM 03 P- 03 © © © CM HCOH H h CM CO P- CO © © CO CM CON "* t* CO © Men © 61, 691 490 148 390 4, 372 575 954 72 1, 330 375 789 209 4,047 1,323 1, 473 908 728 787 274 1, 595 4, 847 1,890 1,399 329 1,876 178 Second¬ ary ex¬ cluding training schools, men and women t* 2,837 1 1 1 © i © © P^ it*©©© P» © © CM © CM H i H CO © t* © 00 00 CM 1 © ^4 CM IHHT*T* cot* 00 CO CO CO i CO © ©^CON • i I Collegiate profes¬ sional and graduate, men and women eo 77,524 703 202 548 5, 610 732 1,094 100 1,468 552 1,077 282 4, 738 1,675 2, 003 1, 382 954 1,016 315 1,887 5,584 2, 336 1, 737 603 2, 443 242 General adminis¬ tration, men and women N 11,798 ©CONOCO ©©00©© © © © © H © CO T* © N- P*CM©t*00 © CO H © © N H CM CM CO ^iOONHCO 00 h P- © r* OO Tt< P- t* t* H H © H H H H CM © CM T* CM H CM H P- CM CM H T* State or outlying part - Continental United States _ Alabama . . . . Arizona . . Arkansas . . . . California . . . . Colorado . . . Connecticut . . . Delaware . . District of Columbia . Florida. . Georgia . . . Idaho . . . . . Illinois . . . . . Indiana . . . . . Iowa.. . . . Kansas . . . Kentucky . . . Louisiana... . . . Maine . . . . . Maryland . Massachusetts . . . Michigan . . . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi _ Missouri . . . Montana . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 57 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 'S °gaa>? . 3d ’g.22 © w o ® « 2 w §£.§ O 9 mi _ JL. >> u c3=3 go® o5ufl9 isis& 22si§ sgsgs ss2§s §s§gs 823SS; 22£§8 8S823S 3S£3|£ Hi .2*®”*03! &2£g-2g| ◄ 3® a a * >>'a ^•'2 a tf c3 oi2 S a fl 2 9 ©a-sago □ © a>a * ,T3 O .2 ” ©‘3 s a asaiSg© a* £®|1§ •assgi p«5 g £ £2 ® £ S © oOfl ^a o&®|| ^ _r © a 9.2 | a s-s g i m ®2 ^ £22' i £2£8" « 82 2! S | 82^8 2££ CO H co • • • < e* ; : ; : 1 i : i 2,924 is jgs sagsg : i 1 ' I sss is s ;§ss i i i ! S i . i 2,032 82 22 S° ■ £§ 23S2S I §28gg 322gg |S|5:S 8 «0 sssgg j i r§3 \SSSU ; ; • ' 26, 139 568 89 329 1,113 496 19 24 232 179 392 91 1,094 903 946 826 24,247 374 99 219 1,542 238 371 30 217 201 363 114 1,152 488 687 623 65,828 83538 8^388 88831 2,957 S S2& j: 2222 ^82^2 88, 172 aisll Ssls§ Ills! O ~ ~ ~ uSrScSrS 13,653 =Sggfi SSSgS S|18| Continental United States . Alahama _ mu j Delaware . District of Columbia . Florida . . . Georgia... _ _ Idaho . . . . Illinois . . . . . . Indiana . Iowa . . . . . . Kansas . Table 7.— FACULTY VARIOUSLY CLASSIFIED, 1931-32— Continued Part 3.— TOTALS (1,460 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 60 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 ;p|l l!i:i 3 -3 -3 ,2 g Women © 675 464 193 483 1,290 901 731 489 929 115 463 23 129 406 77 2,893 955 203 1,491 604 *l|si ^=3 3 © ® oCo Men 3 1,019 1,066 382 1,528 5, 130 2,234 1,699 555 2,141 289 856 91 560 1,116 229 8,879 1,340 434 3,593 1,092 Organized research Other, men and women e* CM CO CO © O* O O *(NCO loOHO • H . ©C* i i * Agricul¬ tural and experi¬ ment sta¬ tions, men and women w ©COOOrH© © ^ 0* i ©C^WC^© NlOMOCO ^CX)^©Tj< T^rH^rH 1 C.^ CO*HCO»0 • cococo©^ t Agricul¬ tural and home eco¬ nomics extension, men and women O cooot^©© ©c^i-nr^.© © co rH ooc^cot>-b- © CO r-H CO - d CO 1 Univer¬ sity ex¬ tension, men and women © © © © © GO CO N H H 00 1 • ^ © »OHNOOO CO© ©00 CO © H © d • I GO CO TtJ©COjH© 1 1 Corre¬ spond¬ ence, men and women GO © © t>.©©©l^ 1 1 © © ^COH 1 © • 1 © ^ WNN©© rH 1 rH r-H rH II rH rH 1 I I Summer session, 1931, men and women t>.-^©t^co © i co t-H co oo h h © rf © © co co oo © © h oo © ■ © © co »-h ^ m ©^4 rH © rH © • © COCO ICO© ©Tt ^ HfHLOCOlO II NlOrHlO iQN NHNO)N 05 iO CO l tJ< . © CO H © CO W O 00 ^ CO © CS I © © CO CO © ICO © rH ^ c CO | CS CO © 00 M 1 ©CO©, I © © © © HNHH • © © © HOONWH © CO © CO ICOr>.© © OO CO © rH © © r-H r ,-4C«f ~ rn“ >>0010000 ■-iCOOO'f O IffliOMH 0>OfflU50 <0» o&K&S £&£>> ££££ ■§« «Va S K « Mfl tub a a a s =1 -s>§a ° .Stf «s9o M gfi-fi $ £ra ® — 03jp 3 ON © 53 1,122 97 732 114,022 2,038 OAA 645 6,553 1,619 1,095 642 870 434 5, 663 2§g|I Isas! Hiss SlilS slsl tC coco go«V# ooo^Vjh oTwo 91 895 110 899 is I s ~ !||| S8g8g CO cf 8 sis mis si Sasaa BUIS ll-gs gggss §§ls gf ® s s! i g 2 iS i > iS3 i j* , . . 1 i of j ■ 153 1,244 363 10, 089 3, 184 291 8, 992 3, 364 1,656 6, 575 as Hill ms -r »Vh CO of .-T of i ii 8 ” 1,295 871 2,012 14 f io 1 i • =11 Sells 11 i r-T joef uoc4 j 00 i ! 5 i > i 00 306 771 218 31 393 616 180 1,168 44 -g SgoJSS j • oo 1 CO Sls8s S11S is 6, 872 21,460 653 632 5, 874 4, 173 4,345 6, 241 819 is 66 768 fi§§! IsSI of od -T i-Ti-fn 42 352 11131 ISSl ofo ofi-foo 1511! ails Ofof^-~T© ®-«3N 76 658 110 872 Texas . . Utah . . . . Vermont.. . . Virginia . . . . - - - Washington . . - West Virginia.... . . . Wisconsin . Wyoming. . . Outlying parts of the United States Alaska . Hawaii . . . — - Philippine Islands . . . Puerto Kico . . . . . Table 9.— STUDENTS OFF-CAMPUS, AND SECONDARY, AND MILITARY ENROLLMENTS, 1931-32 Part 1.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, AND JUNIOR COLLEGES 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Secondary (exelud- ing training schools) Women 14,378 1C 05 CO CO Q ^ OCOg^O »-H CO 00 GO NOCOQ^ lO lO CS CJ CO CO CO Men eo 19,372 206 34 598 1,424 139 t^05Tj< t-h co oo co oo eo 05 co 0^1005*0 O500»-H COCOOOIOCO i-H O CO 05 O5^H00^HCO HW CO CO t"* *— 1 05 r-i (N 10 CO ^ Short courses Women 10,111 CO CO l l 1 OO 1 1 00 • • < is s i is Men 14, 195 68 634 50 1 8 ; 10 i is i i 86 8 08 Nonresidence (collegiate) Extension Women CD 82,565 2, 461 197 580 1, 178 955 466 261 3, 470 1, 345 66 1,204 4, 063 420 785 1, 676 1,796 126 498 2,535 1,974 3,224 212 617 Men US 56,846 718 81 236 14, 216 753 103 12 ICO) ^^NCOO OOiCCOHO NONOOO CO NiOON-H 0 CO CO T— < CO HOONO 00 CO 05 r-H CO CO GO CO 05 f-H »-i i-T r-Ti-T »-r i-Tc^f Correspondence Women - 39,745 930 405 1, 197 1 899 40 1, 435 608 147 4,506 897 1, 582 909 594 684 24 100 120 1,993 73 1,260 614 Men eo 29,836 601 194 731 2,003 770 282 619 445 153 2, 298 661 1,026 868 301 582 19 47 36 1, 424 90 929 318 Military drill (college) w 75,851 170 901 863 3,912 496 859 336 1, 524 1, 454 700 3, 368 3, 365 2, 946 1,726 938 1,059 622 3, 171 2, 134 2,077 2, 780 664 1, 911 ,'o e * \£4° i i .§ Hill 0 OflQhO of | £ § HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 69 Table 9.— STUDENTS OFF-CAMPUS, AND SECONDARY, AND MILITARY ENROLLMENTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2— TEACHERS COLLEGES AND NORMAL SCHOOLS— Continued 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Part 3.— TOTALS (1,460 INSTITUTIONS) HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 71 a US a Or llsl 16,087 OO’HMCOO CM lO 05 rf O fH »o CO^H CO 00 05 N05C0005 o»o NO00 O CO CO CM iO CM CM O CO CM t-h r-< 9 261 216 422 323 323 39 237 51 70 142 3,775 c» OO © CM 437 39 598 1, 424 139 97 189 277 61 1, 576 388 755 217 1, 061 103 9 237 596 390 1, 477 185 719 65 651 81 31 403 2,480 m ‘oi 533 1 00 1 i 00 I • CM t i I i i i i 1 l i i 00 IO rH CO CM CM i-H CO 1-H CM CO 05 io co ^ COCO i CM 00 IO ^ i 00 CM 1 I 1 CO I 05 00 1 1 • 1 1 1 • • 21, 987 05 CO 608 68 rt« N ^ CM 00 O 00 CO i”* CO r— l O ^4 CO 05 CO *0 T-H lO CONHCO o r-T tjT CM rH 05 CM OO IcM CO CM CO i 05 ^4 CO CM i 00 CO o j © CM ! CM • • i 68, 218 585 ION i H Tt< 1 r-1 TJ< | • 1 i CM io • CM ^ ICO K ps 00 1 1 CM 1 8 : ; ^ ! ! ! i i i • i i 293 1 8 WI 86,430 70 1 05 CO i o I N- i i 1 1 170 ! 25, 515 846 133 22 • l 1 00N • i CM i CO O II 1 1-4 t}4 II 1 CO ii i i i i 175 4,587 5, 692 7 1 05 »0 00 CO CO i CO i O ' 1 1 8IT 80S 9 in Zl tQ 379 IO CO 00 CO 14,581 CO ^ o O CO lO 1-H CO 3 1 1 i IO • ' O CM 1 i :?3 00 ; l i O 00 1 • 00 00 l 1 05 1 1 1 1 1 1 201 1, 749 34 2,479 OO O 3, 890 320 922 2, 845 2,477 466 261 3, 470 1, 397 66 2, 322 4, 557 528 1,112 2, 103 1,883 126 498 2,535 4, 956 3, 415 593 2,128 161 883 8, 029 620 9, 251 64,451 CM CM CO CM 1—4 CO CM CO CO CO 05 O r-H 05 H CO *0 O 1-H 535 1,884 74 1, 577 2. 211 190 465 610 841 33 211 1, 260 1,954 3, 164 235 701 108 299 3.000 89 1 2, 916 56,874 930 509 2,236 1 1, 999 _ 40 1, 435 726 147 4, 506 1, 238 1, 880 2,355 2,744 979 24 157 2,079 1,993 365 2,129 906 2,045 ! CM Tt4 i ^ io i co ! »o • i • 36,096 601 229 1, 106 2,003 1,009 282 619 465 153 2,298 840 1,112 1,476 1,466 630 19 49 775 1,424 193 1, 378 343 660 jsa 75,851 170 901 863 3,912 496 859 _ 1 336 1, 524 1, 454 i 700 1 3, 368 3, 365 2,946 1, 726 938 1, 059 622 3, 171 2,134 2,077 2,780 664 1,911 1 1.931 726 1, 192 197 2,640 o .S ®*o | a «i 1 g-§ i ^ J ~ I§gsg s^fra-g o-i s T3 d ax o 03 I 03 O *.S2 fl pco x f 1*1 « a s g-ts SHU iwiSis b ^.sSS° S-SisS -gS^ga a-S-ssi SSslsEsEs a .SET-cjo o © •- ,2 s> s 5 s ©Oi2,2i2 S2B25 ® ® © © ® O OPflfeO 2s55M Table 9.— STUDENTS OFF-CAMPUS, AND SECONDARY, AND MILITARY ENROLLMENTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 3.— TOTALS (1,460 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 10.— STUDENTS ENROLLED IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, BOTH INDEPENDENT AND UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS (1,350 INSTITUTIONS) HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 73 •a © 2 © O 3 naniOAi naniOAV uaj^ O'* TJ ® g CS O 3 uaniOAi aaiAT S uaniOAi. ■O 3 O ^2 P& uajv §S! M ©'O c3 rt o .2-5 §§ S’SSg £ase aj^npciQ £ ajBnpejSjapnn bc*2 Q •9§| Ssi IS* 8}BnpBJ£) ajcnpeiSiapu/i © »3 0 ssis ,2o ■ cz 22 rj 10 S.2« •g.§j5!3.| a-S'go-§ ag p-* h U 03 O O — < y ft-« rt OQfeOS ~ ° 1 Included in preceding column. Table 10— STUDENTS ENROLLED IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, BOTH INDEPENDENT AND UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS (1,350 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 74 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Pharmacy Grad¬ uate uomOjVV 40 W ^11 -1 ; CM i | uep\[ CO CO CM • H 40 CM i CM i Under¬ graduate uatnOjW eo N 8 00CMO5 OCOXNN IH CO Cl CM 1-t I-H i-K 40 r-H CO O N0^40CM I-H O r-H CO r-H 05 CM U9J/\[ 8 § •OHCO N»ON»ON CM CO *— • CM 00 CO CO COCOCO 1-t CM r-( 367 1,975 78 88 503 97 109 1,015 87 Dentistry Grad¬ uate uamOAi N i i U9J\[ O C* 05 co i Under¬ graduate U9UI0 A\ 05 CO CM CM CM CM co CO ^ 05 U9J^ QO 139 422 410 230 239 641 218 00 40 00 345 222 1,159 Veterinary medicine, men and women e?BUpBJ£) ejBnpBiSiopuj} CO 05 co 214 3 co Nursing, men and women ojanpnjo • i CM ; 8?Bnpcj§i9pnfi «*< CM 292 559 § 3 CO St 05 !>• 766 141 477 Medicine Graduate H9raOAi co CM 19 15 CO 00 40 40 U9p\[ w »o 47 349 CM 40 8 . 203 Under¬ graduate U9U30Ai - 00 CO CM 05 »-< CO »0 CO 1-H 40 05 05 CM 05^05 40 Is- CO H CO U9pj ® 555 696 1, 185, 841 652 52 928 40 o rH co 2,564 283 54 818 226 233 2,239 Law Graduate u9mOAi 05 O i-H l CO o • CM i U9J\[ ao * \i n CM CO ls» CO 00 CM 5 Under¬ graduate ugmo^i. r- CO 00 co »0 CM 05 CO o 05 t— 1 o *-« 40 ^ cm os CO CO 40 co ^ CM U9]^; CO 00 CO 158 4, 752 1,476 519 73 1,480 60 291 40 CM CO rH CM ^ O 00 CM rf CO NONN 40 ^ CM O CM CO 40 CO r-T i-T Theology Graduate ugmOjVi 40 • 00 • i • ^ CM 40 i U9JY '** co *ooo h 00 CO ^ N oo co CM CM CO S5 Under¬ graduate U9m0j\\. eo oo TJ1 co o co 25 45 05 U9pj N Tf Tf CM 1— ( ^COOO 00 05 rH ^ CM eo 05 co 313 1, 577 164 CO CO CM 40 40 00 i 1 bo a i o I 33 c c Q 7) 3 h < z ' 7 n 3 c ft V c i l 3 C ;g 3 C ft Michigan . . . A/Tirmncnto ?'c N ft i X- h Q o 0 r/ C jj u Is % 0 X 0 C £ i o 3 tl 5 E ; * i : 3 £ it : E 5 fl 3* : I.S >> • 'c ■>**£ i &t 0 ! 3 ; oc 3 |l >C Pennsylvania . - Rhode Island . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 75 10 CO 1-H 10 C* 1-H «OCOiO 10 10 0 05 T-I iQ CO 05 CO O b l a 1-2 fl§3 33§§is i!l$l 68743—35 - 6 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 co P O o W o co H i— i CO > § t— i .3 £ 3 p o Q^ zJL hh PhS Qhh £o HH lO aS H — co2 MS OH co co p§ £0 2§ S3 §* f^P3 hW og s« pH §g HQ cop HP £0 QM P H co Professional enrollment— Continued Home economics, men and women 9}tfnpBj0 1 S CD CD lO 00 » l 1 1 1 1 1 1 till i 04 OS 00 l to 05 i oo co e^anpBjSjapuji j 10, 205 © 05 00 1 rH rH ! 04 i to CO CO O 05 04 04 O 05 CO Q Forestry, men and women o^BnpBJo 1 5 S3 j | 04 00 1 i co 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9?BnpBjgj9pu/l ao 2, 129 1 OS i ^ CO 1 1 1 04 CO i CO 04 i CO H INCO 1 Agriculture Graduate nemo^. i s to CD 1 04 to 1 1 1 | j j 04 rH U9J\[ CD 2,199 14 12 s ; «S W 00 tO 05 05 CO Under¬ graduate uamOjVi 1 “ § CD 04 i j • rH CO 00 04 rH I-H CO CO 04 CO Chemical, men and women 9}BnpBJ{) as ct 00 tO 04 04 II 1,11 rH rH 1 04 to to 9JBnpBi3 -aapun ao N 8, 738 04 rH 04 N05HO*0 CO CO to 05 CO i-H CO 04 to CO CO H O 04 CO •-i HCOCOrH Architec¬ tural, men and women 9}BUpBJ£) r* w CD j ; 1 1 1 t>. 9^BnpBJ3 - J 9 p U H CD N 1, 250 i l i i i :§3 i i i i S5SS2 State or outlying part - Continental United States _ ... Alabama _ _ _ Arizona. Arkansas. California _ _ _ Colorado _ _ Connecticut Dalawara _ District of Columbia Florida _ te 1 a § iC Idaho Illinois _ _ _ Indiana Iowa _ Kansas _ »H CM CM CM S3 co rH I HIGHER INST] i ^ iCMtOO I © 1 l CO i n- CM i CM I [TUTI0NS i s r r •"sm| - : 2828 CM Tt< Tf 05 to ^ 8 CO CO to S'*00 © § ! 5 S So S cm S N- irHNCM ^ © 1-H CO CO © © © Tf CO 1-H CM CO II —H CO © CM 00 © — ' © CM © H © CM 1-H CM 1-H co © co oc oo j j N- 05 to 1 1 i z z IZ • ^ i II CM n- co — ■ 109 230 O 1 CO I 1 1 1 to CO © © 1 1 1 © © oo i i i © i-H CO III i-H i-H 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 132 : 1 Tjl CO 00 © 1 1-H 1 1 IN © 1 II 1 ^ j © 1 II ll CD ^ © © -h co n- CO 05 to to CO 05 N- CM OOCM rr CM 00 ^ CM i © 00 CM CM ^ i © CO CO I 1 ©©CO©© Tf CO CO 00 ll CO CM CM CM CM © © i in© ~ : i j j 1-H 5 I j ! I 00 CM N CO rH 1 CM HJ1 1 © i || © © CO © CO CM ~ CO HfOHrH 400 300 332 co co n- h oo *h © © © oo C5 Tt rn oo co co co o to oo to i— 'toil CM ^ 00 to 00 OCMNCC^ CM CM CM O CM OOOCOCON ^ CM CM O CO rH 05 CM 1-H to ^ CO rr ^ rH CO N- CO CM CM rHCOrH N- © © i CM 1 1 1 1 i j 1 II to 00 CM to Sill! iiii iiii 1 1 1 l II II to CM to i-H Tf rH to co i © © co © © co i © oo i CM 1 5 165 237 48 T7* T) 1 I 1 1 1 1 co n- h* © © n- n- N- CO CON- © rH 00 CO 1-H CM 62 1 1 1 ^ CO C5 00 CO N- CO rH CO TJ4 ^ © © r-H-00 © l N- oo © © 1 © © co I H I 50 172 9 280 1,616 1,463 502 214 131 275 78 81 390 33,113 111 189 1,058 834 255 2, 195 118 494 188 175 1,238 36 r- oo cm n © li © © CM © CM © 1 1 ! to 1 CM i l i N- i i CO i i i i 00 CM 35 8 2K CO Tt< i CM 00 05 1 to r-H © 1 CM © © I 00 CO CM 42 _ © © 00 ^ N- CMOO-t rH II 1-H CO CM CM Htfi CM ll CO CO CM to Tf CO CO WH ! CM CO * ; |S 1 CO© j r-H CM ^ _ 1 CM || 00 CM 00 CO Tf« © CM © CM 00 00 © CO O CMUO^IO HWOl oocm cm O CM CO CO CO CM to CM O O to to CM TT CM ^ O O O CM©N- rH r-H C CM CM O CO rH CO -H NlOUllOlO NO'fO II ea mo«o«io coioic-v . to 00 CO r- to © O © CO © tO CM © — CO © CO i-H -H N H CM © rH NCO 00 N- 1-H © 1-H © Tf © © © © © © N- N- CM CM ^ CO CM tJ- CM i-H CM j | i i i i CM i © IIII i N- II g gg 52 CO i i— i N- N- © i i-H ir? N- CO i 00 l 1 1 l 1 1 1 i 28 © ^ ^ © > Jx c £ Louisiana _ _ TVTftinft c 1 5 C i!S 0 c V • : :x I c IS II Michigan _ Minnesota _ _ Missouri T II ■ c : c \% Nebraska _ _ _ Nflvada 2 X « c e ; 3 ■ & i a ;fc li j £ : & > c ;5z | [S : & > a Ifc New York... _ North Carolina _ _ North Dakota _ _ Ohio _ Oklahoma _ _ _ Oregon _ _ Pennsylvania.. _ « £ ic 1 s 'C !j= 5 ICC : cs >1 ! JS ! 2 i C ICC i i 1 > | | f.E ' 'cs. Z c ll £ i oi ; c ! E i > & Outlying parts of the United States !l S £ j $ II > ) 1 1 l 3 Included elsewhere. 3 Includes a large number of undergraduate and graduate students in civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering. Table 10.— STUDENTS ENROLLED IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, BOTH INDEPENDENT AND UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS (1,350 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 78 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Professional enrollment— Continued Other Graduate nemo ay 05 | 1,397 us 75 22 1 29 U9J\[ GO O 00 199 09 35 CO CM CO 05 2 CM Under¬ graduate uemoAV 5, 046 HN CO cm co 453 o CO CM | 1, 152 U8JAT SD i 9,620 CO US us 354 T* 05 rH o CM CO CO 05 o rH rH CO CM 42 36 2,056 972 Music Gradu¬ ate nemo ay s I 83 TJ4 CM US rH CM uej\[ 79 i CM CM CO 1 Under¬ graduate nemo ay eo r* 4,401 05 us t'— t'- us us 00 00 co o NOCON ^ CM rH O U9J\[ N r* 1,628 o 77 1 23 36 CM 00 CO co us co co CO CM CO us Fine arts Gradu¬ ate nemo ay 2I uep\[ - 1 42 Under¬ graduate nemo ay C5 CD 2, 431 rH 05 us 00 oo £ uep\[ GO CD 2, 449 CM 05 t*r rH CO 00 55 Library science 1 Gradu¬ ate nemo ay s £ s oo nepj g 80 05 8 Under¬ gradu¬ ate nemo ay 8 833 8 us rt* o CM CO nepj; 3 1 00 1 CO 3 Journalism Gradu¬ ate nemo ay 63 CO nep\[ 2 | 2 ! Under¬ graduate nemo ay 3 770 CM CO CM CM US nej\[ O CD 1,192 CO 05 00 CM 3 co Commerce and busi¬ ness Graduate nemo ay s 1,457 us CO T-t 1^ 00 rH CM rH s nepj GO US 3, 381 OO P- CM CM CM O us CONrJ< 00 00 3 82 s CM Under¬ graduate nemOAY s 9,415 48 5 294 257 00 r-. rt< US ^ CM ^ CM us fr CM ^ CO US Tt< US 00 nej\[ CD ua 50, 021 744 101 1,948 548 050000 US CO 05 CM ^ ^ CO 00 CM HOHOJH Tti CO usoo CM H H CM US COCO co i-T US rH O CM rH CM Education Graduate neraoAY US us 7,735 17 25 9 1, 181 57 Cl rH CM CO CM 05 ^ CO CM CM H o H rH US 00 US O 1-H CO rH rH CM nep\[ us 8, 592 Nrf^(N(NC5 CO CM CO CO 00 CM CM 00 rH co US rH r-H CO US CM 05 CO rH CO 05 CO rH US rH rH rH CM Under¬ graduate nemOAY co us 147, 460 2, 215 1, 155 831 7,637 1, 468 1,095 70 945 810 1, 803 617 6, 959 2, 992 1, 944 2, 320 4, 333 2, 051 1, 246 1, 020 5, 340 nej\; W us 63, 660 lO rf 05 lO OO CO CM rH 00 US CM IV us US CO 141 375 154 311 3, 747 2, 080 845 1, 325 2, 520 431 287 2, 943 680 State or outlying part - Continental United States., A loKomo 3 3 o : c Si O g y .1 3 C is d- . 0 1C u S 1 S'c )C E S § > l > C ) C 5 \ a 5 c > b )C 0 £ l 'c C 3 *c || 5C 3 3 3 1 3 ) 3 h! 2 c 3.2 3 6 1 \ c iH CM T— ( H CO CM H H rH Junior high ugraoAV 768 CM CM OCO't HOI CO to CM rH CO TF CO CO S CO CO 336 co qo CM CM 05 rH 00 3 Interme¬ diate ugmoAi 2 1,173 1-1 CM CM tf 05 ohcotfo5 cm r^ to to CM CO TF hN ‘ U9JV t* 102 i CO CM TF I ICO tF l i Rural ugmoAi eo 472 to CO CO rH 05 rH tO ^ tO rH CM CM CO rH CM U9H CM 164 i ! 9 3 2 18 12 a Is S U9UI0AV a 4, 943 CM 72 152 1 00 * TF CM tO h CO ^hCMNh rH h rH CO 00 00 CO tF tF fO CO 05 r U9J\[ o 475 H »0 i-h CM CO O TF O h tF rH CM Ainraiid; os 1,074 CO 05 CM 05 CO CO TF : %£ i CM i i i Aremud ‘U9?JR2J9PUI3 ao 675 to CO S 05 CO l rH CO rH CO 1 CM CO u9iiR3i9purg; - CO Os CM O i CM rH CO TF CO jooqosajj; CO \ 115 o ! | f - 77 Students in reguyV lar session ' Graduate ugmoAV N »o 9,493 36 25 4 1, 143 16 00 co 05 0*HfONCM 005COCOCM 05 rH CO CO 05 1— 1 1— i to Nhh CM rH tF f-l CO U9JM T* 1 10, 137 CM tF CM 00 to *0 ^ CO CO 272 30 126 52 414 70 11 111 78 35 16 28 1,420 Undergrad¬ uate 1 u9uioa\. eo 110,708 2, 502 395 1,178 5, 238 476 211 275 548 1,881 3. 135 523 3, 519 2,899 1,924 2.136 2,309 1,489 298 1,318 1,707 U9JV N 53, 220 985 119 598 1,749 538 57 29 159 546 934 404 2, 495 1, 454 988 886 1,283 508 227 589 305 State or outlying part - Continental United States Alabama Arizona Arkansas _ California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida _ .2 1 1 i o Idaho Illinois _ Indiana. Iowa _ _ Kansas _ Kentucky _ _ Louisiana Maine . -a G ti > | Massachusetts HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 81 I i 1 l i 1 1 1 1 1 i © © 48 20 1 1 1 1 1 N Tf. j CM 1 1 l Part 2 —TEACHERS COLLEGES AND NORMAL SCHOOLS 4, 172 i 1 1 00 8g i i © rJ4 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 I i i 1 1 967 O^^OCi © CM © © 95 o CO CM 40 M *-< © COCOOOTjt© © © U- coo ^ g 16, 456 533 CO CO CM CO CO CO 05 ^ CO S3 i 00 2,028 © 00 1 0 33 © CO CO © ! • i 1 f-1 100 1 1 ^ I C 1 1 1 O 5,498 © 2 ! CO i i ICO 1 1 1 CO j r 842 CM © . l 1 1 1 1 l l 1 1 00 i i i i i i i i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 92 179 i 1 1 1 1 • i 32 ills 147 21 1,556 504 76 681 173 360 1,096 236 89 247 701 142 84 106 1,258 160 gs & © CM CO 4,076 © cm © © £82°°*° £°° gg^gg SS ^ CM COM r— t 00 05 05 00 © CO CM ©00 00 CM CM COO© CM NrHiH CO © 2, 780 lOiNC^OO CM <44 CO O o cm CO CO r^. © © CO ^ i 1 » 1 i 1 1 1 s S5 2,499 16 008 Z 005- 05 © 05 40 CO »o TJ4 1 CM 1 1 1 CM 00 © CO CO 3,651 1 25 © ^ © cm j j ^ CO | 00 1 © i i i CO OO OO 1 1 1 1 • i .... 169 CM i CM i 1 CO 1 j 00 00 CM 1 40 j © 1 CO 1 i i i i 209 103 I0" g 3, 746 47: 50 1,175 56 66 520 ZS S2°°s ggg50 CM 637 © 273 122 35 CO *CCOO O © i-H 3, 389 143 68 708 74 90 799 »"H © ©OOCOOO^H © CM © 00 CM rt4©CM»-HCO 00©00 525 © © 2, 306 3, 213 2,083 2, 626 424 3, 800 79 94 295 385 15, 940 3,587 495 9,048 1, 574 936 6, 926 50 2,573 939 3,201 6, 180 1,661 613 1,780 2,531 1,112 1,968 228 © © © © H © Tj4 CM ^ 00 108,762 1,773 822 645 5, 624 1,468 1, 249 1,391 696 858 168 1,030 21 434 421 129 9, 764 1,642 310 3, 373 730 990 4,792 10 475 662 2, 609 2,008 634 203 996 1,428 590 781 73 CO TfH © »— r-t © 45,032 © Tf< © © © © © CM © 00 © © CO Michigan . Minnesota _ _ _ Mississippi _ _ § 1 1! ss - Nebraska _ _ - Nevada « x ■j c E £ iC ■ & > a !l : & > a ;fc II : & » a ifc ! M \ £ : & > a ; 2 Cfi c I 'x : t ) C North Dakota _ Ohio _ Oklahoma _ _ Oregon Pennsylvania _ _ _ Rhode Island South Carolina . 1 South Dakota 1 L i g i ; 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i L j jji ’£•§1 > ©-*-> 0 N OO *0 CO t-- CO CM 00 h CO O Tf CO 00 ONO COCDOWCl GO OS © r-H r-H CO CM © CO HNiO CMtj4©COCO CO r-H CD 00 »ON(NH tON U9J\[ ss OONC5N ON-hN^ CO 05 O h CS OON»C(N O O O Os »h COO ©CO©CO COCO CO *OCOH ^h © 3 years namOAV S5 28 367 9 26 00 ^ r-H © • ( © t>- 1 < © 1 1 JS ro 75 446 0 2, 352 CM U9 J\[ s o o 24 11 1 _ CM CO 31 79 16 13 47 1 209 4 years ugmoAY ngpy; o w Graduates with specialization in teaching by school type or level Senior or regular high U9UI0AV as © oo -h © © cm as cm cm ^ 2 ** 00 © CM © CO 23^ I'- © CM © co © © co oo © uapj; S © as © as © CM lOCO CM i-H rH co oo © © © co © r>» co © 00 CM © © © hN N Junior high ugmoAV co © CO 00 CM 10 24 (M CM 62 234 157 8 39 SP © N Cl rH CO CM © U9J\[ CD rH OS CM -H © cm ^ © 1-H © tN. 1 13 45 1 72 © Interme¬ diate U9m0AV © © i-h as as co cm as HtO»0 CO © CO CO © CM ^ © © r-t © L- © CM 00 ^ H coco © © © © H ©HH U9JV 2 o CM © © CO !>• GO © © CM CM © © © CM © © 17 11 5 Rural ugmOjW. eo 41 18 71 15 434 00 • © CO ' < co ' as i— i 1 1 1 © T-i 1 ( 1 1 o © © Sm ^ «oo © CM © © i-H i-t CM CO U9J\[ D* © © 00 CM to r-H IN© 1 C r-l 1 © 1 ' © © 1 1 © Elemen¬ tary uaraoAV - co © t"— t"- GO T-i CO © ^ co©©hn © oo © © — ( rf co © © ^ 00 ©NOOiH CM CO © CM ^ i-h CM CO rH CM rH Ajcraud ‘uo^iBSJopntx oo as s s CM OS ^ rH © OS rH © Tf li CM © © rH CO © ^ CO 'i © - OS rH © © © Undergrad- | uate U9UI0A1 eo 1,095 642 429 407 6,235 2, 461 1,681 1, 970 3, 971 1,097 1, 217 901 3, 828 4, 498 3,156 897 5, 186 765 1, 623 693 2, 945 415 9,515 2, 920 1,893 U9PJ 1 58 108 154 154 3, 034 1,851 726 1,199 2,402 256 272 133 260 2, 921 1,016 367 2, 184i 154 866 159 542 182 1, 907 464 613 State or outlying part - Z C a e p c C Ct 2 c jc \% ; * II j i > ) > >.2 i 2 ■ a J c c II Illinois . Trwliana ! u 11 i h- Kansas _ _ _ _ Kentucky . Louisiana. ! i t 1 I •c 1 ! IS Massachuestts . . . - . ATinhieran Minnesota . . . - Mississippi . Missouri . TVTrmt.ana \& s !1 a - 2 u I It : s > a i g i £ : 5 > a; ; % J il : 6 ) a New York... . . . Mnrth Hamlina. North Dakota . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 83 Table 11 A.— STUDENTS ENROLLED IN AND GRADUATING FROM CURRICULA PREPARATORY TO TEACHING, 1931-32, BY SCHOOL LEVEL— Continued 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 S3 •&- §1 Si 'O.ti It ** a £ u. 1 year neraoM | 5 CO • "*f< © N- 05 » 00 00 i*h 3 © © © • ^ *-4 © © 1 © ^ CM ' ^ 279 i - ** 1-4 uap^ © w 05 1 lO CO T*4 Tfi 1 CM lO CO 00 © i N- Tt< 00CO |H 5! ; 1 1 1 78 28 104 2 years uamoAi | 8 ^^©t-h^ OWCO»CN 00©00©© N- 1 "4*4 00 CO CM TJ4 MONGOL ^H«**i©Tt<© © ■ CO©©t>»© t*< CO i-H t^CO CM CM 1 118 11 3 30 634 770 1,537 1,010 U9K s ®o»wn SSSmFG oo co eo oo co S j CN i 2 3 CM CO 1 i-( 3 years uamoAV ss 367 9 47 11 00 ^ © © i © © CM ICO © © ' CO 1 © © r>. t#4 Tt< 2, 355 2 146 237 U9K | g* as1™ :28 ■ i r“4 CM © • 1-4 CO 00 i 1 !! 2 ^ ^ § | ^ ; CO 4 years naraoAi S © CO • CM j 3 ; I 1 1 1 naM | g : 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 • *^41111 1 1 1 1 till 1 t 1 1 Senior or regular high uamoAi o> 70 570 854 434 1,271 303 290 59 268 196 628 675 443 516 135 549 25 27 147 51 1,839 559 152 733 277 U9JAJ Q© CM CM © © CO N-^OJOt CO CO 00 © © © i-H CM rfi CO O CO rH Cl CO CO © CO CO CO ^ Tf O CO 00 CO CO ^ 40 05 T-H ©CM CO H H IQ CO ^ CM © CM*-i *-» WCOfHd CM ©CMi-i^C* Junior high uamoAV r- 36 301 21 23 53 8 © ©© ©N- N- ^ © N- CO i-H 8 j © CM N- • CM © © © ^ CO 1 ©CO ^ U9J\[ CO ’“H © » 05 CO O © • i-H CO 05 CO 00 CO | CO © i-H ^ 1 © CM CM 1—4 ^4 N » ^4 i-H CO Interme¬ diate uamoAi © hONNh hN 00 CO © © H ION ^8 2|383 s ; 606 218 117 491 66 U9JV 3 11 1 195 11 28 ”"e « . ; . i-4 © © © CM rH 1-4 f-4 Rural uamoAV eo OCINCIO 1-4 40 05(N N- 1-4 00 CM ^ CO © !—• © CM 1 CO O -h CM © J ;s © I ^4 ^4 © - U9p\[ w j J 05 rH CO CM ll 107 5 27 43 16 i j ; Elemen¬ tary namoAV 3 180 511 42 147 208 106 125 294 406 351 232 147 90 541 177 155 15 1 110 321 6 1, 782 236 79 606 463 U9JAJ ® ocoo^o i-i ■ o cm i 05 i 05 co lOrHCuo COH^ r-H CM iCMt* 1 © ICO N- © © CM CO © CM •*< 1-4 © 1-4 Ajemuj; «5 05 *h 00 ©CO 05 CO »cOHts co co ^ CM i— < 00 © CM 1-4 © ^ CM © 1 i © N- © CM CM rji © Aretnud ‘uejjeSjepui^ 00 ©1-4 •© i-H © N- © CO ICO IOOHIOO T-« CO H co CO © • 1 1 6 53 © © i CO © © © i © i CM • ugjjnSjgpura CO 1 ^ *-H © CO 1 ^ "<*< N- 00 00 J CM CM CM J 8 j ;S°° looqos9Jd[ CO P j S 1 ^ • CO • ' • ‘ • 00 00 ‘CM • ! j Graduate namoAV 1 OhONCO (N05C0O00 © CO • CO CM O » COO5 00rHTf O 1— < o © O ICO N- • ^ CM 1-H T* CMr-l 1 rf« 13 3,808 47 50 1,175 56 U9J\[ - CM ^ 00 1-H 05 ©©©00© CO CM i 05 CO ©©© lOH-fHO 05 CO 1-H CM CM N- CM «© © r-t Tt< r-« CM ^ CM t-H IH fH 10 3, 428 143 68 708 74 Undergrad¬ uate uamoAV. co 930 9,754 5, 360 3, 605 4, 106 6,280 2, 586 1, 515 2, 219 5, 535 6,804 6, 369 2,980 7,812 1,189 5, 423 79 787 3,240 800 25, 455 6,507 2, 388 11,058 6, 199 U9JV w 558 5, 529 3, 305 1,714 2,085 3,685 764 499 722 565 4, 170 2,407 1,063 3, 042 322 1,896 21 593 863 311 11, 671 2,106 923 3,954 3,674 State or outlying part - Idaho Illinois . Indiana . Iowa. . . . . Kansas . . . Kentucky . i !« 1 c 1 T3 | It ; cC IS Massachusetts . . . Michigan . Minnesota . Mississippi . Missouri . . . Nebraska . Nevada . . . New Hampshire . New Jersey _ New Mflxim . ^ New York.. . . North Carolina . North Dakota . Ohio . Oklahoma . .3 C/5 si IS 3 m HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 85 i o i r>» • • C5 l o • 1 ^ 1 fH 1 1 1 1 1 i I I i i i i • CS 1 05 • iN • CO • i i i I i i s 1 701 2, 236 -Ills sis* § 1 | 00 134 : ; • • 35 192 102 1 CO • ' • CO • • i CS i 1 i CO CO CO ?3 II ' • l ill • 1 III ii iii 179 II ii iii ii iii ii iii ii iii § 1 360 1,237 2 236 116 619 1,045 142 84 339 1,258 311 717 13 o CO §§^§2 £§28S gg|N|| CO lO 126 96 24 7 31 9 220 3 4 4 142 § II s S3 106 85 16 11 10 4 148 1 3*8 II 2 cs SgjS ^ 00 00 t>. CS CO CO CO Washington . Woof Vlrcrlnln i ■ 5 ! id t • 'v- Z - o'- lit ff juu»ub - - - - - Outlying parts of the United States A loolra \\ N us rJ Z c *0 c Z *C 3i ii * u.uppuv - - Puerto Rico . 86 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 n n co i 03 1-1 P CO O© Q £ <1 CQ SS § o2 ° “ pt( 1—1 h o < OH g 'Z.CU in g O J-* ^ rrf w w 31 s.s S'a II | a »0 CO 00 CO HHOJO^O I 05 I lO r-H o T* O OCOHOO ooc^^ocoo* T-H CS CO HN ^ CO CO ^ I (M HHN r-H CO (M C* CO tH. 00 ^ oo CO 05 Tt1 C3 ■ ¥, o ®2s w S ’OT S I 9 s'3 41.11 p >» w „c P .2 h M u fl ^<5000 fiSoSS 55WM.H SSSSS HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 87 Table 11B— STUDENTS ENROLLED IN AND GRADUATING FROM CURRICULA PREPARATORY TO TEACHING, 1931-32, BY SPECIALTY— Continued 88 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Educational research Wom¬ en W • I • 1 1 1 Men W i School supervision Wom¬ en oa ^ i cs o us us Men 00 i CO CO School ad¬ ministration Wom¬ en ! CO 7 13 US 1 1 Men o 1 11 1 OH US 00 « CO CO 8 10 00 O* co 05 8 9 14 49 1 Men ® co t>- 05 CO CO > to § g'S c3 <3 58743—35 - 7 Table 12.— DEGREES IN ARTS AND SCIENCES, BY MAJOR SUBJECTS, 1931-32 (984 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 92 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Degrees in arts and sciences with specialization in— Indus¬ trial arts Bache¬ lor’s uamoAi ; ; U9p\[ lift N 04 04 04 Home economics ueraoAV— s r>» co t-* oo 04 04 04 CO O 1-4 04 © 04 CO 00 T* 00 IOO o co »o kOOO Fine arts Doc¬ tor’s U9UIOA1 N | 09J\[ o N - Mas¬ ter’s U9UI0A\. 05 kO to U9J\[ GO CO - CO Bache¬ lor’s naniOAY r* INCOH HHCO j” 53 i-H C4 kO CO 04 O 1-h CO U9p\[ CD COT* • ! r-H CO - 05 1-H 1-4 1-H - Commerce U9j\[ — s.jojooq; Mas¬ ter’s U9OI0A1 U9J\[ co - ; 1-4 1-H 04 kO Bachelor’s naraOAV 2 C0C004C0I^ co ! o t* i 04 2 Jh S S tN. CO 1-H U9J^ - CO ^ kO 1-H CO nnnco HCO 'JIOOHNH coco CO 1-h 00 00 O 1-H lO O kO 04 04 Agriculture U9p\[ — s.jojsbjv O r Bache¬ lor’s uamoAi c* i i - U9J\[ ao - CO o ! ’k* • 04 T* - : Total arts and sciences Doctor’s uouioav r* CO '< 04 CO 00 04 ! kO C4 U9J^ CD co O 1 ' lO 04 II 1 o 04 co ’k* NCONCOH ^ CO 04 ^ ^H rH Master’s uamoAi kO IOOJ1NNN HN00HN 00 t* CO 00 CO lOONOO t* 04 O t* ^h NOfh05»0 (NMNhh rH kO 1-H U9J^ - O 05 04 kO O O5CO00CO0* COCUN-tOO kOWfHN^t NCOH-^H kC 04 05 (NCOINN1^ HrH 04 »-H i-H 04 CO Bachelor’s no mo eo lOfHOOHCO O kO 00 CO CO O^CONtH OONOHkO 05 CO i-h CO CO 04 T* co *0 CO co 00 00 CO T* ONONN OJN-^IOH CO CO 04 05 00 kO ^»OHNH t* f-H r-T uapy; N 1,257 815 357 620 174 409 44 536 733 35 4, 329 905 83 2,208 361 336 2, 888 274 474 206 State or outlying[part - a a a 2 a 3 Minnesota... . . . . . Mississippi . . . . . Missouri . Montana . . 1 Nebraska . Nevada . . . . . . © CO Q i w & © New Jersey . . New Mexico . . New York . . North Carolina . North Dakota . . . Ohio- . Oklahoma . . . ... _ ... Oregon... . . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island . South Carolina . . . . South Dakota . . . 1 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 93 Table 12.— DEGREES IN ARTS AND SCIENCES, BY MAJOR SUBJECTS, 1931-32 (984 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 94 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 ' Tf< CO iO 1 1~« > SJ « § § .“oS1, HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 95 • Ci i HN»OOH »-H(N IT * O 28232 2*2 iO • o ' ; *“• ; I j CM • ; rH ■ jss ■00 »OCi^HO CJO^ CO i i i j 00 is < CM r-i CO ! ! - i i ! co i i i > ^ ' • 1 ! cm ! i ^ ' > T^ 1 1 1 1 ! io ! P i : : J *"* | < CO • ■ ”888 is 8SS2” 14 41 8 39 18 1 5 19 tJ- O 13 1 9 |2g is s 1 ■ COC5 ' hw ! CM : *" ' ' ! ’"H ! i i i i i 1 CM j a S,J0}00(I S(J9^SBK 2 lenotssgj -ojd isjii H M la [BU0ISS9J -ojd isiitf S.JOJOOd S4J9JSBJ\[ M CO I C<> I i CO 10 I *o JBOOISS9J I -ojd 5 O CO CO < 00 *Q Tt< H-^oecoo oooocoio © coo WOOOOO © CO O © CM CM *— < S,J0}00(J scia}SBp\[ pmoissej •ojd jsjij ■‘OCOHO © CO * , lO 00 H H CO t'- C (CO fH IOH »o co cm ^ co 05 h cm rt< co > CO CO CO 00 CO tHMfHCON ©COH CM S4J0)00Q S(lZ%SVJft {BU0ISS9J -Ojd 5SIIJ lO © CM ^ CO • CO CO T-t © i CM 12 “•2 o |o § go 2 St2 ?f0 •A 03^3 3 r O 0.3 n l-s ©§J JH&iS 1,2 Jas JJJ'i «$?5fi^S 55 g gj HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 97 Table 13.— DEGREES IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, BOTH INDEPENDENT AND UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS (1,350 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 98 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Agriculture s.jo^ooa; 170 J i 00 1 j j i 'rf ' CD i i i i CM i CM 00 CM i » s(j9isbj\[ W5 575 rH l>» QO CM ID O CO rH 00 O 0505^0 | CD CM U- • j IBU0TSS9J -ojd isjij 2,003 us CO CO © CM CD CO CM CO CM CD 05 CM i US cous CMOOtOHN CO CD rH co i r* CO CD i ; i •< D 3 > 3 _> 3 s.ioiooa s - j 1 - i i : : : i | s.jejsnj^; s ID - CM - CD rH CO »o co » i i [BU0ISS9J -Ojd isJTJ 574 CD us ID CM 4 13 34 05 CM O O »0 CD CO ^ CM ! Engineering ... . Others S.JOJOOQ - O CO i | - i CD * j us CM CO S(J9;snp\[ 8 328 US H - HH' CM CM O T* ^ CO o oo cd CO CD IBUOISS9J -ojd isJTJ QO CO o oo £ 277 13 00 CD CD CO rH ecus CD CM 249 121 22 1 17 13 Mining s.ao^ooa; K eo j i i i j : i : i i i s^oisbj^ 8 a* us u- co t>» co CM : i CO CD 1C - • [BU0ISS9J -ojd isjij US co 454 us rH rH 00 i CO rH 1 CD CM CD 1 00 O Tti rH 1C CM CD i Mechanical s.jo^ooa; 3 ; - i ^ 1 IrH l . CO CM ! i | s(J9}scy\[ IS CM CM 00 rH US rH co CM rn^rHlO TfrHCMrHIO CO rH ^ ; IBU0ISS9J -ojd isjTJ o* co 2,085 00 05 r}4 CM us CO T}< 05 05 10^0 05 05 CO t>- 00 00 CO 1— 1 Tt< 00 CD 00 O i ID 00 O CD CO CO COHO CD CO r-H CM i Electrical s(jo}ooa; « 2 i i CO • j CM rH ! ! • ! us cm ! i i S,J91SB]fi[ o co 332 ^H(NDO «5H CM H H CM CCH»ON CM rf CM 05 Tt« US rH CM ! p?noiss9j -ojd isiTJ as cm 2,480 Tt^lOONH CO hhN ^>OOh CO CD O iO O 00 CM CD 05 O h 05 rH i rH CM CM N tHOONCDN CM CM CM *0 CO CM ■ rH CM rH Civil s4jo?ooa s 2 ; ; i | | Tt^ CO | CO J j | ^ CM j j i s^eisnj^ r* N CO CO rH O CO CM rH CO CD OJOOCD CM CM rH CD C^ CO CD CD • ICUOISS9J -ojd isnj[ CD w 2, 100 CM 05000 00 CO TH CO iO 05 CD »0 CM 05 00 iO O CD CM CD 00 CO^ NH i rH rH 05 CM lO ^ CM H CM O CD Ot^h^ 1 Chemical s^oiooa: US w i 1 rH CO ' i i US US O | i s«i9isej\[ N 212 - rH 05 rH CD US Tt< CO 1 IBUOISS9J -Ojd isjtj w 1,148 a CD CD 05 lO rt* !>. 00 CO ^ 05 00 CM lO rH rH CO HCD^H HH CM Ht< 1 CM i Architec¬ tural s.JO^ooa; w N CM j i : i S4J9?SBJM W CM CM CM i i IBU0ISS9J -Ojd ?sjij o w 267 CO CO 05 O rH CM 1C lO CO State or outlying part - Continental United States _ Alabama . - _ s N i< California \i ! 2 j^c i'c »C 1 > in ! 1 > g > c ) C ! Il il •c a 2 l c c c II j £ >.£ IP j J 1 J 5 ) 5 \i j c !.® i E ! S iC j 0 C i 1 Illinois . . . . . . Indiana Iowa _ _ .. Kansas _ _ Kentiinkv 5 CC : e !! ! it 'C c ! i 1 cc £ Massachusetts _ _ Michigan . . . . Minnesota _ _ _ _ Missouri _ _ Montana _ _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 90 CO 03 MNHOOO S-b ,® i? sT J? Eh^P>> £■&&& o o 5 M 1 ^ ® ^ « 3 ^WPL. Table 13— DEGREES IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, BOTH INDEPENDENT AND UNIVERSITY SCHOOLS, INCLUDING TEACHER-TRAINING INSTITUTIONS (1,350 INSTITUTIONS)— Continued 100 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Other s.jopoa o CO *o 15 2 to • CM i-H . \° i | OS 360 COt^ 00 COH r-H CO ^ ts. I CM i 17 91 oo ' janoissaj -oid isutf $ 2, 054 CO CM CO CM CM CO to CM CM O to i-H 1 CM i-H i 6 9 424 316 to 177 Music CO us CO CM ! y-i n. i s i 1 t>. 1 lanoissaj -ojd isjxji CO CO 905 oo ^00 00 h ^ CM to toco CO to 17 42 oo »o Fine arts S,J9}SBJ\[ *0 CO oo ! CM j 3 • ; jcnoissaj -ojd jsjij CO 335 CO l 25 os CM ^ : Library science S^O^OOQ eo - - w CO co 2 isnoissaj -ojd isjij CO 620 3 107 CM CM Journal¬ ism s,J0?sbj\; s CM co i os i a i innoissaj -ojd OS tO oo o CO CO 00 OS 00 143 20 Commerce and business S.JOiOOd 00 tO os CM r>. OS j CM ! CM ! s(i9:jsnj^ »o 482 to os os CO to 28 5 1 os ! [BU0ISS9J -oid isjij CO to CM oo CO to T^lOH CO OS 00 CO COOStO O ^ CO CM CO 1-H 00 r-i tOrH^COO COCO 1-4 CO CM 1-H O 00 00 O CO rH to CM 00 2 Jh 50 Education S^OJOOCI us US 172 to CM rH CM ,H CO co CM ! CO ! to 5,310 oo os to os to 00 CM 00 CO O CM 00 COOOCOOOCO 00l» • OS to CO CM 1-H O ^ CM CO 00 to [CM [cuoissa; -oid jsjij co tO 25, 824 CO OS i—4 CM rt* ^ CO OO CM os tot^OO^O CM iO O O OS ON^OON Tt* CM O i-4 CO to OS 00 00 OOCDCOtON CO OS CO »— < OS oONhhih CO CM CM r-t co HH O CO co tO CM rH to *0 CO CM CM CM rH rH rH Home economics S(JO^OOd to CO j i i j j I j j j ; | i j s.ia^saj^; tO 161 hh 1-1 CO CM CM i-H i-H to tO CO to to [CU01SS9J -oad isjij o to o o oo N 05 O CM CO CM CM CO CM CO CMt^OOOS tO OS CM OS CM rH i-H CM Tj4 o u- 2^ Forestry s^o^ooa; os CM i j CM ! S(J9^SB J\[ GO CO i-H ^ i CO ICU0ISS9J -OJd ?SIIJ 362 U- CO 1-H CM U- CO 1 00 co 8 24 37 29 8 - Continental United States.. . . 3 M u s \l U 5< | it 5-s u 5 £ S C : : >C c ) ! 1 ! 1 5 C ) C j } a i c 11 >c c 2 £ c *3 3 i 5C 3 2 3 j 5 ) 3 h!£ 2 c 55 3.2 3 E hC ; 3b c i l Illinois_ 1 TnHicmo 3 i. 11 i c r o 3U i i 1 u cc 4 e is i v a 3 h II T. t u ll o g \ 1 * c t D 3 C s \ 1 J 1 .1 5 £ • c M n i't >.£ H ii i i- \i i a - a a Montana... . . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 101 CO CO CO CO S 05 e* i 05 wo co CO I lO wo 05 i CS COOOM sssas °°83 OOCO^N *H050 WO 00 t>- < WO 05 O 0 050! ^ ‘ CO CO CO » >.! Sg; I-SfigS ooQ ^ ji n °’’d.9_g '3 S? 3 g-ias -■CHQfi Sua ^ “ s ■2>S3 ® © © © © © o oS3 £gi=gg © ©-c S.& ttzoo Oft.tfraM hE-<£>> ££££ Wol, Table 14.— HONORARY DEGREES CONFERRED, 1931-32 102 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS a”« o o ■§1 CO .2 a ii 3 S fc* 03 ®*— • 12 aw !* «t3' *_ ® O o O 03 , 1°' "O a-; O 03 -s a 2.8 w -- C3 ' O 03 ?4“ k*’c3 &oM- 03 m ” ggss S|S Qo« OO 3 23-2 o o 8 o o.®3 ® a ® 3 ® 2 Ho® _•* CO ;-r® a 2 oT a g 4-T C-H” M fl £5 •3 -£2 >>-£ 8 ^ & ® “ m ^3-253o®®®23!3 3 5s ® -g-g * S 2* a .9 « 13 B 53 o ®‘C £ 2 “® ®.£ “’E 2 o||-95f2l25l|52 ^oo^oo®^oo®ooo '®®o_fJoo® £003000 ■g ^o^oo % goo 80S® Sh°--00h®00h000 pq^Q0QQSaQQ§QQQ 103 Table 15.— RECEIPTS, 1931-32 Part 1.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, AND JUNIOR COLLEGES 104 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Receipts for increase of per¬ manent funds Dollars 47,496,160 9,240 353 67, 721 2, 690, 606 953,960 3, 654, 136 3, 341 382, 102 18,811 1, 987, 257 5, 145 4, 151, 916 691, 526 176, 821 563, 770 199, 268 963,739 244, 412 1, 891, 752 12,119,413 1, 009, 639 1, 982, 610 8,300 365, 997 6. 529 Receipts for extension of physical plant 14 Dollars 50,740,900 157, 103 1,224 129, 123 3, 106, 363 606, 534 8, 376, 757 247, 734 695, 881 523, 033 1, 404, 094 171, 529 1, 183, 965 896, 929 368, 471 559, 352 256, 688 1, 852, 525 1,000 1,622,821 4, 511,664 805, 149 502, 443 22, 179 1,043,096 13, 986 Receipts for other nonedu- cational purposes 13 Dollars 10, 683,415 41, 669 21, 042 488, 061 88,096 1, 057, 504 4, 905 17, 315 23,868 180, 413 6,514 801,985 411,544 118, 659 247,375 123, 220 19, 499 68, 076 161, 764 1,570,913 203, 978 273, 890 3, 644 593, 869 4, 430 Auxiliary enterprises and activities Total Dollars 92,989,426 956, 618 225, 479 492, 604 5, 146, 263 412, 948 1, 832, 695 129, 616 1, 048, 216 1, 476, 969 1, 412, 222 299, 538 4, 615, 442 3, 939, 615 1, 694, 798 835, 576 1,031, 797 807,084 495, 310 1, 837, 669 8, 987, 824 1, 801, 020 3, 189, 339 719, 671 2, 328, 224 350, 516 Other activities - Dollars 21,842, 103 226,871 66, 616 79. 465 919, 172 101, 059 75, 193 12, 743 380,928 433, 383 164, 464 62, 744 1, 743, 132 936, 906 313, 284 154, 854 211, 520 220, 314 57. 466 498, 156 1, 260, 649 515, 499 1,257,872 82, 075 413, 800 129, 510 Athletics © Dollars 14,318,886 124, 240 65, 671 50, 738 1, 892, 974 115. 423 683, 198 10, 926 48,869 125, 273 47, 993 45, 694 1,006, 331 594, 712 260. 423 254, 900 43, 400 172, 646 78, 531 137, 433 1, 154, 642 602, 791 321, 982 60, 869 365, 419 62, 779 Dormi¬ tories and dining halls 05 Dollars 56,828,437 605, 507 93, 192 362,401 2, 334, 117 196, 466 1, 074, 304 105, 947 618,419 918.313 1, 199, 765 191, 100 1,865, 979 2, 407, 997 1,121,091 425,822 776,877 414, 124 359.313 1, 202, 080 6, 572, 533 682, 730 1, 609, 485 576, 727 1, 549, 005 158, 227 Educational and general fund Total 00 Dollars 409,217,928 3, 192, 446 1, 590, 778 2, 332, 887 26, 130, 334 4, 605, 632 8, 544, 330 670, 657 3, 535, 396 3,173, 094 6, 034, 751 1, 652, 370 25, 782,872 10, 375, 327 10, 982, 352 6,243,070 4, 732, 600 4, 273, 127 2, 373, 187 8, 577, 942 27,328, 511 14,975, 488 9, 652, 194 2, 699, 430 11, 228, 830 1, 628, 017 Other receipts for educa¬ tional purposes Dollars 14,507,031 127, 524 44, 538 693, 137 73,044 226, 651 7,114 69, 473 8, 511 218, 090 16, 815 650, 468 67, 893 145, 400 84, 733 141, 829 715, 639 68, 714 179, 132 685, 041 118, 410 131, 301 18, 219 1, 004, 838 2, 440 Sales and services of educa¬ tional depart¬ ments CO Dollars 20,840,020 56, 815 31,854 22, 712 2, 316, 990 384, 985 23, 082 26, 994 26, 557 57, 940 117, 481 48, 736 1, 457, 420 599, 638 1, 721, 238 409, 483 244, 346 26, 912 22, 351 445, 758 404, 401 2, 361, 134 565, 510 178, 106 243, 291 86, 631 Private gifts and grants for current expenses kft Dollars 29,659,794 184, 183 222, 291 1, 619, 518 342, 694 1, 200, 518 9, 077 514, 711 137, 756 847, 595 34, 178 2, 281, 102 879, 129 772, 526 596, 348 445, 230 219, 679 24, 416 537,027 900, 622 668, 668 695, 687 138, 552 1, 272, 454 45, 477 Receipts from public sources for current expenses Dollars 139,868,115 1,394,338 1,373,917 1,462,899 11,511,239 2, 399, 536 632, 271 495, 185 829, 500 2, 050, 724 2,226,221 1,324,769 5, 817, 729 4, 393, 091 5, 263, 537 3, 309, 122 1, 966, 043 1, 709, 609 1, 007, 443 3, 451, 376 1, 417, 382 7,805,549 5, 098, 430 1, 513, 074 2, 673, 707 1, 243, 501 Income from endow¬ ment ffO Dollars 60, 584,637 131, 426 36, 575 81, 601 2, 827, 577 230, 432 3, 179, 044 24, 319 223, 951 105, 514 742, 103 82, 849 5, 781, 662 811, 962 392, 644 292, 783 795, 431 629, 807 599, 424 1, 622, 779 10, 756, 222 381, 066 604, 980 133, 684 1, 982, 349 31,322 Student fees N 1 Dollars 143, 758,331 1, 298, 160 148, 432 498, 846 7, 161, 873 1, 174, 941 3, 282, 764 107, 968 1, 871, 204 812, 649 1, 883, 261 145, 023 9, 794, 491 3, 623, 614 2, 687, 007 1, 550, 601 1, 139,721 971, 481 ' 650,839 2, 341, 870 13, 164, 843 3, 640, 661 2, 556, 286 717, 795 4, 052, 191 218, 646 State or outlying part - Continental United States. Alabama . . . . Arizona . Arkansas . . California. . . . Colorado . Connecticut . Delaware . District of Columbia . Florida . . Georgia _ _ Idaho . . . . Illinois . . . . Indiana _ Iowa. . . Kansas . . . Kentucky . . Louisiana- . . . . Maine _ _ _ Maryland _ _ _ Massachusetts . . Michigan . . . Minnesota . . . Mississippi . . Missouri . . Montana . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS s m * jsgf i -r 11381 sssSilS SiSil Sssi sga'I'-' a's'gss Kg'sCss g'"'ss cff" • i-T Zr-r 12, 944 250 55, 410 418, 099 39,825 306, 950 621, 493 4,493, 745 366, 746 124, 345 2,413,534 87,000 10, 592 2,466,868 95, 000 221, 999 154, 307 3, 023, 221 4, 653, 541 316, 988 18, 384 627, 754 409, 650 106, 631 631, 372 73, 213 30, 000 3,532 63, 527 3,897 82, 778 413, 803 32,882 1,035, 790 48, 136 9, 575 715, 172 56, 541 99, 757 645, 163 69, 591 41, 192 7, 230 130,305 63, 555 59, 552 90, 042 306, 674 94, 322 2,240 79, 274 184 150 3,697 30 12, 073 867, 489 82, 147 417, 361 2,240,939 351, 118 9, 379, 231 3, 728, 627 228, 306 5,320, 090 979, 519 945, 671 6,846, 296 535, 622 1,422,772 186, 948 1, 665, 635 3,830,342 414, 446 440, 254 3, 436, 035 904, 834 522, 345 1, 957, 399 218, 947 17, 199 82, 323 207 47, 781 506, 342 14, 507 66, 083 221,855 44, 874 2, 231, 660 1,084, 564 56, 020 1, 356, 483 415, 432 171, 829 1,384, 165 136,958 153, 230 42, 202 401, 183 1, 214, 309 248, 364 95, 998 740, 936 255, 371 123,648 447,005 111,410 6, 547 35, 598 207 17, 554 SsSiS Sis!! lli§S gg*3S illi ***** ***** ***** ***** **** 11,103 9, 431 284,609 34, 629 323, 448 1, 754, 549 282, 417 6, 131, 094 2, 439, 083 109, 039 3, 100, 685 352, 682 431, 550 4, 525, 184 296, 358 1,158, 915 115, 297 1,007, 690 2, 130, 752 69, 628 286,042 2,483, 138 520, 205 339, 967 1, 163, 426 66, 529 10, 652 35, 622 20, 796 4.895.980 505, 023 3, 150, 134 7, 882, 813 1, 082, 717 64, 417, 683 7, 208, 368 2, 053, 401 20, 531, 242 5, 230,022 3, 500, 692 30, 885, 085 1, 944, 713 3, 419, 887 2, 100, 526 6, 514, 196 12, 009,629 2, 090, 929 1,616,247 7, 579, 774 4, 625, 724 2.832.980 9, 871, 292 953, 249 148, 556 720, 847 32, 394 726, 750 69, 744 7, 959 90, 592 466, 332 16, 764 5, 450, 731 225, 516 36, 736 405, 207 92, 169 46, 273 797, 939 27, 180 102, 151 74, 721 164,833 265, 342 49, 577 29, 590 281, 404 68, 787 28, 195 164, 496 45, 839 1,306 10, 795 ilslS Hill SSigg 8SSSS SS8S S'**** SSSiK g'|S 8 s's'g's o s 3* 1, 239, 732 32, 525 1, 244, 226 3, 168, 377 163, 474 28, 280, 213 2, 512, 935 178, 847 7, 859, 351 793, 191 1, 052, 086 15,322, 842 904, 662 819, 677 498, 826 2,121,897 3, 192, 744 546, 371 725, 095 3, 020, 162 1, 366, 762 571, 952 2, 565, 302 81,915 1,719 126, 019 14, 394 85, 329 105 180,662 1 j jf if 1 i ho ; : 275 3, 750 1,916 2 S •o* 5 1,250 46, 320 AAK KAO 115,000 45, 465 30, 000 34, 715 498, 382 302,582 314,366 i |8 150 13, 936 il ! ; 3 r s Tennessee . Texas . . . vermuui _ _ Virginia . . Washington.- . . . West Virginia . Wisconsin . . Negro ( included above) Alabama . Georcia . . . Kentucky . Maryland... . . North Carolina . Pennsylvania . . . Wpsf Virmnin 1 1 ■ E- 1 1 o* 5 $ 11,473 353 67, 721 2, 692, 185 963, 960 3, 654, 636 3, 341 382, 102 18,811 1, 987, 257 5, 420 4, 155, 666 693, 442 181,256 563, 770 199, 268 963, 739 244, 762 1, 898, 948 12, 119,713 oc 3 t sf 158, 353 47, 544 129, 123 3, 751,906 721, 534 8, 422, 222 247, 734 695, 881 523, 033 1, 434, 094 206, 244 1, 682, 347 1, 199,511 603,471 614, 852 900, 269 1, 852, 525 23, 000 1, 785, 621 4, 520, 635 10,997, 781 41, 669 21, 292 488, 061 88, 096 1, 057, 654 4, 905 17,315 23, 868 194, 349 6,514 804, 481 411,544 128, 984 247, 375 123, 220 19, 499 68, 076 361, 879 1, 571, 279 s i 1 1, 167, 001 418, 766 553, 558 5, 548, 540 635, 648 1, 999, 724 129, 616 1, 048, 216 1, 476, 969 1, 515, 262 384, 453 5, 124, 908 4, 235, 124 1, 849, 564 989, 700 1, 433, 670 993, 862 683, 447 1, 940, 207 9, 243, 289 I © 262, 299 97, 034 88, 431 1, 178, 467 258, 182 75, 193 12, 743 380, 928 433, 383 170, 155 75, 126 1, 882, 919 1,065,314 339, 529 199,314 271,335 221,912 60, 788 505, 655 1, 264, 749 3 t «d um iii§! I5III SSfS-gS |SW Sg|gg SRSgffi rf - _r 1 rf 5 776, 758 241,719 405, 009 2, 426, 126 231,891 1, 241, 233 105, 947 618,419 918,313 1, 296,711 259, 044 2, 204, 325 2,534,901 1, 242, 465 516, 356 1, 107, 232 593, 449 541,598 1, 296, 844 6, 823, 148 i I -J SiSIs sslll lisii Silil mm mm mm mm n cf of \aS 938,086 6,116, 744 652, 851 1,189,979 159, 702 1, 600, 487 3, 396, 275 364, 370 405, 638 2, 372, 711 783, 686 529, 970 2, 121, 975 225, 836 | IIIS SSIsg SiSII gill s'gggi* mm mm 1111 “S3 S Sslii slSli ill! ilil is “ 380,050 2,980, 367 235, 527 779, 183 92, 247 833, 775 1,091,540 57, 103 262, 730 1,408,630 424,438 322, 109 1,080, 347 71,819 is ii is is 3, 762, 1861 27, 876, 685 1,713, 309 3, 356, 294 2, 046, 448 0, 104, 289 11,449, 893 l . 885, 858 1, 490, 918 7, 404, 779 4, 381, 298 2, 740, 288 9, 012, 960 876, 555 1311 Sl-I il i !S ii i i i ! i ! i ie i r il i i i i j j llsll Ills i fills gifs* CO 25, 727 48, 170 600 06, 023 Sgllg lllls Sill SSSSKS ||‘ssa‘ ssss ilil ;s'i3 398, 422 1, 147,321 60, 602 459, 321 259, 840 484, 867 1,416, 878 96, 357 172,717 814, 702 333, 049 436, 136 734, 586 150, 256 11 i ; j j 302, 504 1, 503, 498 100, 305 219, 237 142, 572 159,111 602, 761 90, 825 166, 567 277, 993 239, 536 213, 588 170, 429 157, 768 11 :i 2S is is i iS illll sii : si i i* s§^§ i of : : h j : : j i j i j 2, 038, 287 15, 339, 085 997, 258 1, 699, 705 1, 027, 944 3, 168, 349 5, 847, 194 1, 148, 962 783, 776 3, 840,211 2, 563, 356 1, 453, 000 5, 100, 914 395, 577 ilil 409,951 2,844,856 220, 660 451, 149 237, 428 693, 184 1, 286, 848 157, 402 170, 442 758, 807 543,934 271,041 754, 040 57, 957 ill” as-'s i § i : : i i mu ; ;s i i 8 i i i i -2SSS ; is i i i -T n 00 191, 846 174, 708 50, 447 376, 502 233,931 136, 746 88, 489 79, 395 414, 544 285, 589 152,416 124, 741 368, 008 196, 182 179, 108 1 1 of 30, 426 33, 550 7, 131 230, 445 172, 663 100 7, 679 14, 098 118,719 124,078 36, 118 15, 151 75, 290 1, 538 2, 340 1 ( 3, 644 14,342 2, 544 62, 076 28, 698| 3,086 4, 445 29, 642 36, 597 9, 255 21,421 17, 033 6, 740 2, 399 § i 30 157, 776 126,816 40, 772 84,041 32, 570 136, 646 77, 724 60, 852 266, 183 124, 914 107, 043 88, 169 275, 685 188,904 174, 369 1 I 477, 962 491,825 244, 030 1, 733, 308 713, 285 698, 020 278, 815 253, 356 2, 353, 047 1, 063, 640 893, 977 1, 164, 156 1,260,416 280, 632 253, 773 i 6,264, 100 71, 009 158, 695 34, 336 186,822 102, 254 96, 418 34, 695 78, 254 412, 032 142, 280 161,489 214, 728 226, 041 22, 897 39, 913 1 2* Illll 11111 lisll ssagtf a“'-'s‘s sss””' 1 i IssIS il ill SIS! i -Hcooft'f^j' j i i r ! j Resident ii and non research Colleges, schools, and de¬ partments - Dollars 212, 914 800, 398 1, 716, 461 709. 430 224,840 1, 133,869 137, 761 506, 745 146, 374 855, 073 162, 641 1, 752, 108 295, 184 461, 610 618,450 796, 019 267, 071 2,049, 999 145, 732 323.430 Adminis¬ tration and general control e* Eiiili SSiSi II3II 3SSSI isfgasf SKSK'8 SSSStS Num¬ ber of in¬ stitu¬ tions re¬ port¬ ing N OONUSINtO State or outlying part - Maryland . . .. Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota . . . Mississippi _ _ Missouri . . Montana . Nebraska New Hampshire . New Jersey . New Mexico . New York . . . North Carolina . JNorth Dakota . Ohio . Oklahoma.. . •Oregon . . Pennsylvania . Rhode Island... . . :South Dakota . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 113 I ill issss iliii 11 am ii S83KI ns ss as irur as i-s ss ssiirir ***$$ s'S ;§! H" Iff Sliia II srs's IT¥¥ ss iss as 11,253 42, 380 ill 1 1*0 o 1 80, 715 i 006 . . 11 ~ r-T 1II1S II s'rs§ ss *0NIN>0^ 5 ocoooo S8SJS00 114 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Part 1.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, AND JUNIOR COLLEGES HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 115 • CONOCO ! O? 00 c3 io HtiCOC CO iO CM < IcmRcmco SSfekS IHOHN IO 00 O CO 05 "rCco^io oo* i-T oT oT c^T >C0CMCM05 CM0500rf<00 > 00 rH 00 CO HIONOO OCOIOIO^ O CM CO CM 05 00 CM T-H 05 CO 00 CO IO rH CM" © 00 CM 05 00 lO CO 00 co inNOVoO* TJH CO CM 05 CM CO CM CO CO C ■^C0 05rH( OC0N05C 38SSS r-H CO 05 C SIS •s^gs 00 CO CM 00 CM iO CO »0 nd.2 d d 3 COOO-^N CO *o 00 oo o* oo to r-T oT O lOCOO 05 1NOCO COCOONr-1 CO 00 CO JCOt^CO CO(NCMION I^r^O5^00 - — j co i - - iO CM CM 05 CO i l> 05 C mVhic'i HO5HQ0C I io CO 00 p- co c cdt^ooio r- oo oo 1 o ^ 2 ' P- CO » H T3 «4-i a H O5>OO0N CM 05 N CO O O O CM T* 00 co p» ^ oo io o ^ c ' O lO 00 ' 05 oo >r^NCM co cm" co )CMiOrf _ J 05 CO CO 05 CM rH 05 CM oToo'icTo'io >ONN - 00O5H CM* CM" P-T CM" CM 05 h O O »0 rH 05 CM 00 P- O IO CM CO* CO CM H - - . p- co - )N»C05 p>» cm" o Ttf af coo CM iO P^ P- CO *0 IHHCOC CM O0 CO 1^ o C5»OH^H cm" oo oo tjT CD S'S d d © CM OOC0 05 NC0rJHN»O 05 lO CO P~ 05 322? HHOJI P^» CO CM tJ* i lOCM 05rtTco io co © N2J050CO HONNN CO ^ r-T IO CM* g fl 0 © ©.2.2 d rS 2 © >5*2 Pt P'- rH 05 CO CM CM CM 05 CM t OiOhhO CO O 05 tP c COCOIO^OO O 05 CO N C csfrCp^^-To" cm* co* ocT i 00 CM 00 O 00 05 CO *"H rH C O O CO CO O 05 00 co 05 T cm" cm" CO O OCM'OOO' CO O 00 CO CO CO O O N 05 P- CM *0 00 oToTio i-Tr-T P^ co co 00 00 NCONU5H P- 00 CM ^ © 00 10»0 05N 05000 00 10 § a af > « 05 00 l CO 00 ^ 05 TJH CM O *0 P'r ^ CO 1C CO O’ .lOCMOOt ) N CO rt1 ( IIOOIO- ;§8 s§; N10 05 10N H00NO io oo oo © © co p-Tp>Tio pC 1CMOC »OHI NCOOOlOO CO O ^ CM CO IO CO CO O CM * CO CO CO O rH 05 lO 00 lO 00 CO CO 05 lO 00 CO rH 00 p^p-TgTo cT P« CM 00 IO CM CO 40 CM tP rHOOrH© |a| .2 ajjag S-sl i§ CO O CM 05 CO H Q5NOCO T^" CO rH CO od OO^ION CO rH CM CO lO © 05 P~ Tt< 00 TtH 1-1 00 rH NCOHIOCM iO 05 CM h O I rH o CO I P'- 00 CM |Q CM CO rJHI^OOCM CM CO IO 05 CO IO CO 00 CM CO CM CO IO © CO HTfT 05 CO CO CO CO CM Tt* CM 1^ CM iO 00 ‘ rH 00 © CO C CM CM CO CO - i CM iO CM tO © CO ) rH H rH CM O O CO Tf I CO P- O00CM ON i CM P« 00HO5NH O«O00NiC rH IO CO rH 05 CM 05 CO 00 CO CO CO rH to 00 rH -hjh co CO CM 05 05 P^ CO rH 05 t^cooTp-T CM CO CO 05 CO 00 CO Tf P- o»ooo^ io ^ io 05 co 00 IO 05 05 Tji lO ss' S5- i 2 fl d ^ cd o HC5HCON C0 050CMN t^Ttir^iOOO CO CO CM N N P- rH IO CO 00 CO CO CO CO rH CO CO 05 05 CM OCO»C05CM NOOCOON cT ocT p>T r-T ^ cm* co* t>T oo* co- r^TcooooTcM* P^* 05 rH CM CO t)H CO N CO lO 00 CO O CO O CM rH 05 CO IO rH CO IO O 05 IO rH H cm" ’ P^ rH h N CO N CM O > CO TP H Nr^COrHOO > IO CO rH 0000101^05 05 CM CO IO 00 CM rH C rH rH Tt< 05 CO 00 CM I COtJ-h^O ^ Pt 538 a g a < - _3 3 o O C H C3 SS55M >»« :-di •as 5:2 a 0 3 ‘3 C3 C8 a B o ft-ri 2 §| 111.2 § Part 1.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, AND JUNIOR COLLEGE! 116 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Value of property Total 2 38, 425, 691 2, 739, 250 32, 436, 754 78, 544,991 5, 145,035 535, 710, 944 102, 965, 605 10, 341,887 219, 386, 748 23, 569, 273 22,809, 366 280,522,016 21, 182, 593 29, 405, 374 12, 682, 732 69, 176,917 127, 643, 657 9, 341, 577 11,890,508 77,591, 506 22, 535, 957 17, 807, 889 52, 233, 969 3 SSS t m O A 19, 772 1,332 Endowment funds o 8, 580, 892 345, 194 13, 697, 151 37, 866, 845 754,922 187, 599, 320 35, 544, 321 4, 286,910 82, 538, 402 4, 838, 220 5, 538, 858 90,994, 289 10, 553, 825 5, 055, 206 3, 773, 559 29,924, 137 56, 124, 143 428, 641 6, 170, 853 29,909,817 5, 300, 806 2, 947, 397 11,889, 376 I i i i sf : to § Value of equip¬ ment 00 3, 782, 037 419, 689 1,698,405 4, 181, 517 889, 068 29, 254, 532 7, 929, 092 1, 519, 186 21, 085, 793 3,935, 309 4. 317, 929 25,892,702 505, 094 4, 256, 601 2, 063, 834 4, 696, 646 12, 209, 421 1, 763, 453 539, 971 5, 220,430 4, 637, 499 2, 077, 984 7, 885, 022 226, 845 583, 031 481,964 Value of buildings and im¬ provements 10, 059, 795 1,802,873 11, 676, 871 18, 729, 752 2, 779, 250 211, 694, 120 48, 941, 531 4, 087, 323 83,942, 489 12, 354, 450 10, 193, 858 116, 222, 048 7, 399, 766 15, 076. 052 5, 258, 092 26, 018, 006 45, 638, 129 5,681,509 3,837,862 32, 056, 261 11,945, 964 5, 956, 643 25, 632, 958 1, DO 6, 1UU 262, 987 1, 173, 510 766, 048 Value of campus and farms 5,046,892 145, 906 909, 094 10, 385, 449 702, 402 38, 209, 056 8, 674, 120 295, 210 19, 427, 278 2, 168, 898 2,266,854 34, 763, 074 1, 521, 750 4,433, 791 1, 251, 111 6, 269. 915 9,051,714 1, 026, 778 311, 177 3,315,923 6, 941, 887 6, 478, 636 5. 546, 027 iU4f o/u 12,000 1, 051, 390 128, 052 Number of bound volumes in libraries its 521, 176 54, 337 340, 434 1, 427,889 81, 721 4,334, 721 1, 035, 385 178, 544 3, 047, 178 352, 076 532, 086 3, 237, 590 504, 569 422, 399 257. 604 688, 687 1, 415, 437 283, 371 236, 276 957, 910 694, 165 236, 321 1,211,837 I 111 ! Capital outlay Total 408, 027 11, 463 620, 189 1, 191, 884 179, 444 12,808,311 576,943 279, 124 3, 252, 123 197, 561 134, 711 5,988, 657 391, 559 326, 902 480, 213 3, 046, 456 3, 861, 768 383, 501 35, 548 1, 127, 611 574, 198 258, 495 1, 697, 468 9/, ZA6 50, 171 42, 120 152, 972 Equip¬ ment e* 66. 402 3, 627 52, 295 153, 556 38, 130 1, 117, 164 272, 754 62, 993 727, 623 123, 815 123,810 851, 389 151, 095 53, 185 70, 573 380, 036 801,928 49, 357 11, 354 167, 067 102, 666 81, 455 518, 576 13, 3U3 13, 679 27, 777 106, 913 Buildings and grounds N 341, 625 7, 836 567, 894 1,038, 328 141, 314 11,691, 147 304, 189 216, 131 2, 524, 500 73, 746 10, 901 5, 137, 268 240, 464 273, 717 409, 640 2,666,420 3, 059, 840 334, 144 24, 194 960, 544 471, 532 177, 040 1,178,892 I ISi i sfss State or outlying part - Nebraska... . . . Nevada . . New Hamnshire . _ _ New Jersey . . New Mexico . . . . . New York . . North Carolina... . North Dakota . . . . . Ohio _ _ _ _ _ Oklahoma _ Oregon... . . . . Pennsylvania . . Rhode Island . South Carolina . . . South Dakota . . . Tennessee _ _ Utah . . . . . Vermont . . . . Virginia . . . . Washington . West Virginia . . Wisconsin . Wyoming _ _ _ Outlying parts of the United States Hawaii _ _ _ Puerto Rico . . Part 2.— TEACHERS COLLEGES AND NORMAL SCHOOLS HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 117 CO co © iOTtTco WHONIO HHCOCOlO 05 o H CO O w5“ of co of C4~ 04 co H COCOON CO rH f-T 1C ^OiOOOH HOOOOH 05 H 04 CO 23SS GO CO 05 ofwft>r S* cs oo 05 04 O O HNOCOOQ lO rH iO CO 04 04 00 kOCO • 05 04 00 CO :sasg "co of wf of )050Hrr I N O CO CO ocoV»o iO CO CO Tt* 04 05 ^ oo oo 05 O ^ 00 rH O 05 04 CO t>T ^^lOrHCO HNOOlOO ^rH cfofcO > £ 04 04 < > id co *o < !8 8 isa ' oo~^ O CO CO rH O CO H CO 00 lO 00 CO 04 00 O- Tt^ io CO 04 O CO 1 04 O CO © GO r-t tJ< CO 04 04 O ^ rH O © 05 ^ O < CO^HI^H 05 CO O CO 04 H05NOIO ^0( ‘O H O 05 CO 04 05 00 04 00 O CO ^ CO CO 00 C O 05 CO CO O 05 of rH 04 Of Cf 04~ ^ rH 05 ^ lO co o o oo oo CO CO CO COCOHOO CO H 1-H 04 CO IO > 04 CO 1-1 )CONN I005N ISooi < 05 h* 04 » > 04 04 CO I )*0»0NC CO CO 05 05 CO 05 05 O CO 00 HH04NN ) 04 04 * 05 04 CO 00 O O CO O TP05N050 COiOONO COt^00COO4 05 CO 00 wO O of oo wf ^*f wf of lOr-Tcfo tJ^hhiOcO CO h N 05 N CO 00 O 00 CO COi-f ^ of of r-T 05 CO o WO 04 H H MOOXH CO CO 04 lO 04 05 IO CO 00 05 •*< 04 05 00 O 0 04 05 rH 00 P'* CO 04 CO rH GO IO of co f-T N040NCO 05 CO iO CO CO 04 O CO CO i-H t^ofafcfcf CO H CO CD IO 00 CO 00 TH 04 IO 05 to CO rH 04 00 • 00 00 04 CO I kO CO ^ 05 > 05 rH 04 05 05 CO O CO “*oooco 1-H O O to CO io cf CO CO 1-f CO 04 i-f rH 04 O O 1-H O O O O 00 O 00 O »0 04 of rt^T-fo IO HOOiOif CO CO CO ^ CO of 0000»0^ OOOCOO O O i-H CO O O 1-H 00 CO 1-H OhO CO 05 O O 1-H 0 0 0 04 04 O O LO O ^ ^ »0 00 »0 O 04 CO H004 0CO t>» 04 W3 io 05 04 O 1-H 05 O ^ CO ^ © CO 00 CO ^jfofioiooo r—T TjT 00 1-T GO io CO CO TtflO T^OO cf 00 CO wftCiO CO ION0 04 CO ^ 00 04 ^ ^00 00 04 CO O 00 04 04 ^ ^ t>* © © t> © © OOOOlOO o CO CO o CO rjTio CO CO IO O 05 CO CO CO o o o o H o 04 o io 04 05 »C O 04 tCcfco cfof O O O O wo O CO O O t'- 0050005 >0 05000 1-H CO 05 04 00 CON005>0 04 wo ^ ^h CO >O00NCX)O >OXN>ON CO cfcfcO wf wf CO of 00 04" N^COHGO - ‘ 1 CD N OO t I CO 04 O C lOCOHNO > CO CO CO CO r h of co O 04 rH 100 O 04 ^ 05 CO O CO^ 05 04 04 1 lONCOHN OCOOiOCO 05 00 ^ co WD o 05 O co co IOOCOHIO 0>0004N rC ^jf wf r-f tC 10 co iCof 04 Tt< co ^ n- n- o Io co * 1 WD Tji N CO 05 CO 05 I CO 00 h o 04 to co ) rH 04 co *0 co O CO 0)0*000 O GO GO rH O 05*0-^00 10 04 04 O 04 05 CO >0 O CO 00 1^- *0 co > 04 04 I IVooc 00 05 c h O »0 CO 04 GO 04 1-H 05 CO O co O 05 O ^ CO CO 05 05 00 05 00 04 05 H^OOlCO H ^ CO 05 O H CO H T*< CO Hl00>0 05 I co CO CO 1-H o 04 O lOCO^^O rH 04 00 i-H N 04 O 04 t>» 04 00 04 h* 04 N- H*0000- HOt^O 04 GO CO O Olr^oOiON 04 04 10 CO 05 O N CO 05 ^ N*OOCD' 05 GO CO o wo O rH 04 CO 04 CO Is* 04 04 h GO CO 05 O 04 h* CO 00 05HO»0< r-HCOwfcO of of of 1-f of of of pf 1-f CO of wf CO cf 04 0 04^ 04 rH W^ 04 04 rH 00 04 05 04 CO CO CO O C SSSS3 88835 CO *0 rf> O >0 ^ < CO GO i-H hh. fwfcf wf Tjf - CO ^ O 05 00 wo CO O rH 10 CO P'* WD 04 CO rH 118 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 a 3 3 33 ° 3 T3 »-i a H 330 0 a a ® sill >1§2 a 1 S'2 £§1 alls | Z o t> o o O 05 1^ (M O r-H *0 .B"S 3 § cr q CM CO N-H00 1 J ce.2 1 i *3 -a o _ 5 J ^ >'£f I dbOrr £ 1 CO *C 1 GO CO H ihOCJ is S' *o CO ^ CO 05*00 ^ CO CO 05 O HCON r-T CO |C 00 CM o COOINN lOiONCOOO -^00 10 00 CO H 10 50 O CO I 05 O CM 00 r^H cm rH (N COt^N' 05*0001 OCOCM^’ CO Is- TF oo *o t-r cm” r-T 10 < CO ^ CM CO 0^0*000 S8SK& ^ CM O N CO CO N *0 rf O O CO N U3 rH CO rH CO CM 00 *0 N CO 05 *0 rt* © CO CO CM i-Tcm CM ^ Tt< CO CM rt< < iO CM 05 Tt< < O CO CM 05 ( CO CO O rH 05 *0^05hO O h CO GO O h co co 10 co CO^O*OrJH HNHO^O *0 CO t>T*0 CO NOONCDO t'* I''* ^ 05 CO CO H N CM O O^rT CO CO N»OCMOOH CONCO'tO rH IO O CO CM rH 05 05 CO O CM CO N CM 05 00 CO N ^ 05 CO ©IV CM CM CO 00 ^ U- CO CO rH CM 00 CO C5CO(N*ON 1^ CM 10 ^ *0 05 IV ^ CO O ^ N 00 CO CM CM 00 *o CO CO 05 05 ^ IV 00 »0 CM Tf ^ CO 05 rH 05 l'- 05 Tt< U- CO L- CO rH CM CM 05 tJ^*OONh ^00tJ*^h 00 05 10 05 CO I CO O 5 05 V- >0000 . CM 05 iO O NOiOC O rH IO C 00 CO C §g|oS S^-Ss'g) §||°S C~r 15185 SUSS iW lllll s'-' » Mils' 3'MMM Mil 1818 rec* ~ eo isiir »l§i§ Ssisl slllT gs'E'gi sw §1151 gs'fgss nm asess llsSs §818* ns 1'81'il l‘S'is lilll siiii ISISOSIIF SIEil §1151 522£§ If ISSIi? " ss‘ isiis mil iiiii iiii'g Ssg-'tf'* “sS2'°'/ SSsls g'S'ISi SS “8 MS liii Ill'll 811SI Sill'S .-TooTo*® Sills tills llil‘8 IsSil' <*T*~®eO NOOSCjV imr 18113 §81 is isisi -a -«• IsSSI ill’ll r- g‘®! SiiS mm islll 18'8'IS “soss? mil uni iissi mm sis?* imr lilll «V««n imr isi'il |3«SS imr in'll Siiii 11181 SS'^'S" Si! Iflf SssP sifli inis inis siisi imr sins CO O? ON III ill :ssss 'Niooo mmi MW -*f namo,\i 1 co oo coo to 00 CM 05 ” oo O P oT napf © O —• 2 CM CM co O CO X O in. | namoAV ; w | * * ® s w § s naiV i 1 e* 1 05 05^ 00 O — rH'CO — — CM I- CM CM — . CO O Name of Institution and location - a | < < Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn.. University of Alabama, University . ALASKA Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines, College . . . . ARIZONA University of Arizona, Tucson . ARKANSAS Agricultural, Mechanical, and Normal College,* Pine Bluff - . . University of Arkansas, Fayetteville . CALIFORNIA University of California, Berkeley . See footnotes on p. 174 124 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Degrees UatUOAY pun uam ‘Ajbjouoh CO CM CO uam -oav puB uaur ‘s.iojooq o i i nsrnoAi pan uaai ‘(SnuaamSna paouBA -pB Smpripm) s,j0!jsbj\[ n j CO ^ co ^ cm r» CO Tt< Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional uamoAY lO 40 148; 31 CO 00 CO O CM ‘O T— < CO T— 1 CM uaj\[ s 1^- io CO 00 337 50 CO CM 40 ■ CM l'* —• rH i O 1 CO Enrollments Professional schools Graduate nauiOjYV - CO CO • uajAj; 2 41 29 s 1 1 Under¬ graduate uamoAl oo CO 05 2 i CO rH CO rH o uapi 05 CM ^ 05 oo oo 05 lO I CO CM i H CM • ! CM ' 00 Arts and sciences Graduate uaraoAV co oo i u- co najA CO CO © «o • 40 1 • CM • CO Under¬ graduate uaraoAi - s CM CO GO cog o 155 56 227 634 1 uaj\[ o CO 41 967 454 co — ' oo ■ 3 00 S :S U0UIOM puB nam ‘(^joav aSapoo jo ivoA jsjg) uauiqsajj * 05 CO CO 00 Tt< f-1 1, 150 238 65 275 27 162 646 891 nam -oav puB nam ‘uuaj IIBJ jo qaaAi pjiqj, GO CO 00 CO CO co »o 3,310 595 139 750 146 305 1,684 2, 431 Summer session 1931 ' uauiOAl - O co cm~ co *o o 05 OO rH CO Is* CO CO ^ 00 00 nap\[ o 05 »0 05 o in 28 20 38 613 Regular session 1931-32 i uauiOAV 40 o 32 1,280 173 05 o 05 40 r- CO CM co CM CM CM I- uapv; 1 1,042 621 41 2,311 460 139 473 86 148 2, 533 O 2 fajna fa 3 ©T! a | uauioAi ffO 51 1 5 68 33 1 r-, 00 ^ OO 1 CO CO CM 05 O " ■ CO S32^ fe-O 3 uajv; ©* l» 00 OC -1 rH H L- CO 40 CO CM t>- Tti O © CM 00 H t* CO Jy f-l Ch C £ m ^ 's'S og 20 bD o i ; o o d < ‘3 ca 2 i5 CJ a> r5 W 'z. G & o < — ◄ ® 8 S a i 0 o ° 'a H * H fc BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Degrees uamoAv PUB 0801 4j£JBJ0n0H ! ^ c* CN ' i *-< » i i i *G 0801 -Oj54 pOB 0803 ‘S^OJOOCf C1* 1 1 ■ iii i i CO oaraoM. poo U8ui ‘(S0IJ880lS08 P80DBA -pb Sotpu’todi) s.jojsbw o e* 2 2 ! §} ! CN 5 Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional oamojvv 05 o 1-H ^ lO 50 CN rt< Is- cn co oo »o ^ n co CM o oap\[ Q© 'H i^oo >-1 oooo co 00 O) CO -H CN ■«!< » i CO i i i i < CN CN »o CN U8p\[ N Tf CN i 00 i 0*0 1^1 CN s Under¬ graduate oamoAV - 201 128 658 715 491 305 103 88 279 o CO 08 O I- MOO) t~ OCNOO r- ccr-oo r- *o oo o 10 t-h oo r- cs »o co co | CN 2 O8UI0M pOB 0801 ‘(J[J0M sSapoo JO jbsA jsjij) oampsajj 05 150 91 905 731 416 1, 026 111 422 476 596 944 oam -OAi pOB 0901 ‘UIJ8} UBJ JO 3J88M P-nqjL CO 257 190 3, 145 2, 015 816 2, 956 273 892 1, 675 3, 241 1 Summer session 1931 1 oamoAi r* § CO Is* 05 *0 O CO ^ CO — < CN O CN C' CO CN CO CN 05 X «o U8J/\t 50 § 00 CN *C 05 O rji iO t- CO CO O CO T-t CO rH U- O CN CN co co CO Regular session 1931-32 i oaraOjW •O 201 128 1,358 793 491 984 163 547 460 00 'O' »o oapv; - 142 73 2,318 1,427 458 2, 213 123 46C 1, 261 2,022 2,794 Faculty- reduced to full-time basis oaraoAV - O i-H O t>- CO H 00 H O t-H CN CO CO 08JY C^> 19 393 175 38 339 24 35 197 280 388 Name of institution and location KENTUCKY Kentucky State Industrial College,2 Frankfort- _ . . . . Louisville Municipal College for Negroes, Louisville _ University of Kentucky, Lexington. _ University of Louisville _ . . LOUISIANA Louisiana Polytechnic Institute, Ruston.. Louisiana State University and Agricul¬ tural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge _ _ .. _ ... Southern University and Agricultural and Mechanical College,2 Scotlandville.. Southwestern Louisiana Institute, La¬ fayette _ _ _ _ _ _ MAINE University of Maine, Orono . . MARYLAND United States Naval Academy, Annapolis niversity of Maryland, College Park _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 127 a" % 53- S3 r~ : II 5 §** 8 If I ^h‘ ,4 — § ■Wf- w S| Sf a*- - ii | ■ferns r mm ■* *s r i § r la ii f SS If sss 3 M IF If If T if r -ref cf 5S II ^OS If If |S i 8 3S 1 * 00 22 TsT ISI s II 1 00 co of II I SlT“S T— . »— » C* T If V 3K“ — Tfi -r^r . CO " ii 21 -e* S3£ I l“lg s cf ef m § o i-Tcf «o S3 |g w il iff 55 Iff cf See footnotes on p. 174. 128 T3 H co !* H hP D O < Ph 06 W ►5 PQ ◄ H BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Degrees uomorn PUB U9UI ‘^jbjouoh e* l ^ U9m -OAV PUB U9UI ‘S.Jb^OOQ UOUIOAl PUB U9UI ‘(3UU99UI§U9 P90UBA -pB Sutpnpui) S(J91SB J\[ o N 30 8 2 00 CO ^ i CO rH rH 1 Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional nemo^vv OS S3 kO CO kO - co co S §i ! 2 o CO o CM 00 ll" cm" i-T oo i-T co i-T cm" j co cm" cm" rjT 03 CO lO COCOOCONiH »0 CO ^ CO 03 CM n* C3 CM o CO CM © :q •a |2: o-gk ’S CO ® QP S *- HO e*o © o ■§3° -sg 'a a o ^j=o .2 o5 g «< £ ©‘5 •- CJL-5'S o © «£ .sz O o £.§£-a£ u c.h ■C qj.G © ©~ ials'sS £ £ & Q 2 Q u, m " o t- .caa ® «o> oO'a £ S3 g >» c S5 d-e^O: Oj 2 <1 o ‘c .2* © - ~ c t>p g o c o 'S ©>>>>» >> ^Sn'S'S'S p00*3 £ S3 S3 §.2.2.££.£ SilBaca co a 31 - o °S Grrt Eg i i - S ii aa a 3 2 ilil-Ils a“l§<|c 2 © - ©,2 .>> 2 c © gt3 ©.a: H G tx g £ fcx £ „ © © O £ O t-, o "o a: o’m^O o o ^ go a OPh S3 M 55 "© 08 o ^ tx. o © s aa « 6o Ice footnotes on p. 174. Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued ^ CO Part 1.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued ° Degrees BIENNIAL SURVEY ( uamoAi ! „ pare tram ‘Ajkjouoh I N DF EDUCATION Cl « r, 1931 o-i 93 CO 2 uam -OA1 pun U0UI ‘S,J0100Q[ i 1 : uauiOAi pun uam ‘(Suuaauigua paounA -pn Suipnpui) s^ajsnpj; N CO O I-— t>- t>- 1— 1 CM CM Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional uamoAV O* i r>- CM O 05 o • ^ 00 05 to 1 iO CM uaj\[ QO 1 u- O CO 05 05 o to 00 rH 05 rH 1-H ^ CO 05 CO O 00 to o Enrollments Professional schools Graduate uamoAV £ i »o CM 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 uaj\[ CO 00 a CO 1 Under¬ graduate uamoAV tO CO 4 120 172 n 22S uaj/v; 473 O 183 739 391 358 236 Arts and sciences Graduate uarao^v e* : • OC uaj\[ N tO to i oo Under¬ graduate uamoAV CO u- CO CM 05 -rfi t i-H IQ 1 O CO CO i— i i CM uajAj; O t§ eg o S o 70 CO >o i CO a is uemoM pun uam ‘(j[joAi aSanoo jo jnaA jsjij) uauiqsajj “ £ 5 go 5 CO CM ^ rH *H 1 05 i—l to Tf ^ O to OC CM CM t'- to CM rn CM uam -oav pun uam ‘unaj Ijnj jo JtaaAV paiqj, 802 635 1,228 333 297 1,647 1,634 893 366 840 Summer session 1931 i uamoAi | r» | - 309 265 662 173 207 uaiM j * i O O CM CO 05 00 O 1 rH cm ^ 2 ! 2 Regular session 1931-32 i uamo^Y 1 162 147 120 646 1,643 290 18 344 uaj/\[ -* i 645 637 1,228 177 173 183 1, 136 5 654 362 577 Faculty reduced to full-time basis uamoAV " 05 toco Tf CM O lO 00 CM CM CM 00 ^ CM O 05 00 "C ^ 05 CO 05 0 CO ^ 1-1 r-1 TflQOCM CO (NOO CM »-< Name of institution and location -> RHODE ISLAND Rhode Island State College, Kingston _ SOUTH CAROLINA The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina. Charleston _ .. _ Clemson Agricultural College, Clemson College ... _ ... _ _ a c X __ ca XI U :o ? « hi o Colored Normal, Industrial, Agricultural, and Mechanical College of South Caro¬ lina. Oranceburtr _ _ _ Medical College of the State of South Carolina. Charleston . ... . University of South Carolina, Columbia. J Winthron College. Rock Hill _ SOUTH DAKOTA South Dakota State College of Agricul¬ ture and Mechanic Arts, Brookings _ South Dakota State School of Mines, Rapid City _ _ _ University of South Dakota, Vermilion. .. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 131 11 II — | ; 1 T* II • CM • l O 1 1 . rH 0 1 CM 1 O 1 — • 05 30 T* %% 32 CM ^ IO CO 10 00 >0 : SS 1 CM 1 51 18 157 005 30 notii 30 0 00 T ^.00 2co 00 JO CO 0 O t* CM t* 0 rH »0 22 25 323 391 0 0 co 50 — . CM 00 ^ 1— l 0 CO CM ^ CO 30 t-h rH t* CM rH 05 r^cocM co*— it* r^o i-H t^T*00 HH CO CO r-H rH CM CM I-H COO — CM 30 II ICO 1 1 T* 1 10 00 1 co CO 1 C5 rH 30 CO ' 1 00 1 1 Tt* !>■ 1 00 § l O 05 • 00 05 CO 30 CM 05 ?2 O CM CO C5 r—i CO CM 05 CM CM 00 CO 0 1 00 co r— 05 1 ^ i>- co 1 CM • r* co co CM CM rH CM CO CM 296 T* T* t* co t'- 05 s s HN iO O 05 05 CO 10 CO CM 305 608 687 1,494 217 102 1, 333 1,659 32 00 00 O 05 CM *0 10 CM 00 05 g 2 1 O CO 1 CM CO 1 CM 1 1 41 13 26 413 104 12 14 10 1 « 1 *0 T* 1 T* CM 00 30 10 rl 30 30 1,441 384 403 337 621 1, 689 423 120 87 435 1, 213 12 33 114 509 2,621 O co r* r^ GO JO 189 220 263 676 2, 146 783 239 125 403 1, 086 1,572 104 506 135 842 2, 692 CM CO OO -H 30 GO 00 30 05^05 CO 00 CO 30 CO 229 271 1, 111 1,151 1,298 622 160 353 967 rH T* t* O ON 00 T* CO rH 00 10 CO CM CM r-H 0 rH CM 614 959 3, 299 2,195 1,338 636 607 548 1,809 5,799 3,237 1,305 212 1, 263 2,188 05 IO 05 CO O MH rH ICO CO 05 CM 40 t>- 10 rH 05 CM i-H CO CO 855 350 1, 148 150 742 372 950 665 950 2,249 412 177 _ 797 498 rH 05 rH T* 604 456 2,271 05 O *0 i—l »o cm 00 rH H 00 00 § 244 165 606 1,921 258 193 203 274 O CO CO 05 OO CM T* IO CO IO rH CO CO T * lO 8 1 558 1,536 1,473 396 173 408 337 859 2,178 1,371 550 87 542 1,222 248 135 86 338 1, 202 3, 141 410 2, 627 2,302 374 318 254 263 1,296 4,243 2,221 1,082 125 739 1,096 608 2, 477 1,724 723 237 2,308 4, 774 28 5 125 165 41 12 3 16 36 28 31 61 49 37 5 64 84 3 33 3 21 68 » 85 ! 177 co oocmcm cm »oco-^ ooo»c cm tjicoo ©cm h* o zo cm cm oo co *o 10 cm © © nhh oocoo cm co co 10 CO iO w HW rH rH HN CO CM CO O t> qT s?l _ aT >"H g © a 5=3 « 30 o ,® OT -2 H*S£ © ® 0) w £33 a os os > h -h> h •—« •»-« ©M © t> a -Eh , © O I'3'Sg ? co a> _r f 3 So JflSa C2n5 • O o_ « ]®0)C3? J fc£ b£_0 ^ 42 3 P ® a iS-|’3'o ®0 i oog a ^ m o.Sj- ^Ph © © a o r^So^ §)P v; £'ts: © ® fcx;^ »- rJn c o a w 9 O 02 •- C3 > 2^ gw g-g fc Eh HP ojB ^ol H 3 iP 1 B 111 I Op o^.s >>® & .3 «<; §®-s >-g ° ■3 ®? ce a;9 §s So o ® •hO I ilill 3 1 2 > 43 to ^ o 5 ill'll 3 I.So^S -a 1 g> * -2 a ! ;r .2 a 2? * i^.SS£ g 1 o M a ! ©^ 3 S : §£> .®T3 . 3 i a ® S fe te® azi x ® t_j P.o ! ~ o M :£ a 331 ^ XH^i ?= lo o !°« w yj _ © ! "3 w .2 ©*4^ -2 .2 S2 S M « ® ’3 3 S ”" ® SW > -Cl'S 5 3^ ®'S.20S .9.9 — Sb*Ex) ® § I H 6 o £ 2 4: Sp> a q cep See footnotes on p. 174. 132 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 T3 a> 3 Cl o O 00 1 CO s CO CO 8*° O CO 1 to 00 rH 1 rH JO O CO CO CM CO 05 o CO o 1-4 00 NOCO to CO O CO CO rH O 1 rH 05 05 i O CO rH ICO to o O O CO CO CO CM CO CO CM to 05 CO CO CO 2 CO 00 CO o - 340 283 238 oo »o co *°8 8 rt CM Tf t'* CM CM CO 00 O5C0tOtoCMO5 CO CO 05 O to O hiOiOhNh HNHINCON rH ^ to CM CO 359 12 rH Tt< to 05 CM 88 ; CO 1-H 160 281 5 241 208 59 CO to to 1 co • co r— 00 1 t'r • 165 o CO 8 8 31 142 Tt< CO rH O O CO CO CO NhhNCM rH ^ CM CO rH 00 H 00 to O CO CM Tf rH CO CO rH oo ^ CM CO O to CM CO rH rH 390 113 24 29 190 OOOOMMNO Tf< CM 00 *0 O rH iO i CO O wo CO CO Tt< 00 ^ O CO f-H CO to *o • i-i HHH rH CO • 444 CM CM rH CM t''- 1 rH rH 00 O ^ • 05 CM 05 1 CM to rH rH 05 O to to ' co CM ^ Oh i CO 00 l oo i CM • CO 00 CO O CO • CM 1-H T-t rH CO HNHOOCO ■ CM CM rH 1 CM Tf rH 00 CM rH 00 CM 1 „ NCOH rH CO ^ 1 00 rH CO CO lOOiMiOMON OOCO •>* I' «D'S '§ §>= a © o ^ © hn . >» ja Ph _ o.2 ©42 © a §o^5 m Q 42 .H ,2 2 "o i-1 "o fri O Q O !® ■u ® d M , ® i a i >» a !, ®aa © © p4^3«5 £|3|liSiiPM's's-i Ph © o a i!5s *2 a ^ 2°a 1 £?© ® o i ^□©-.H-gS- a? ^ Sf 3 "o a3 pC ^ 33 g r§ ci > 8^ ^ w §SSE2 ©d a OHOhhhh h^^^OPhPhP* PhPhcocococococo See footnotes on p. 174. 134 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 'd § a m W P$ O H Q Q £ m H £ W Q U> H m H ft} G O << oo rH w ft « H ft ft ft ft o « Eh 55 o o >H ft ft E-* > S Ph m ft O O M Q 02 ft < fc O CQ CO ft ft o « Ph ft 55 ra ft O ft ft ft o o 02 ft ft m ft ft > s ft 3 Arts and sciences Graduate uatuoAl ! o r- 1,257 20 5 CO 3 uaj\[ ** U- 03 CO rH rH CO CO 00 3 Under¬ graduate uauiOAV iO a a cj ft ; > 1 .1 m ?3 S O rG 02 University of Denver, Denver _ _ Westminster Law School. Denver . . CONNECTICUT Albertus Magnus College, New Haven _ Berkeley Divinity School, New Haven. .. Connecticut College for Young Women, New London. _ _ ;ut College of Phi HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 135 5S ; CO 1 $0 • CS 1 II © cs © — • ! ! ! 1 © 1 CS ifi 1 ;.:§ CO X . — 1 1 1 i i ! 1 i : cs • cs 8 • OC CO 40 -4 OC 0 ■ c. 1 40 1-1 CO ^ *— 05 * 1- 3 « © iX ;S ' • © co cs ■ gc ' 1 U< CS 1*1 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . ir co 00 © 00 1-1 '-r cs if< on ‘ 40 1*1 CS © 1-1 T-l CS CO cs cc 1 CS 1— « 1-1 1 ©N X TJ3 CSX CS © • — • X ■ © © © cs ui x© • rl CS X X CS CS © X O © »CHNHO CS rH © 40 — ce co 0 ■ c. 05 40 1- CS C5 if 1 c* 1^ 40 Tjl ^ CS 1 © t^» i*i © fi- < 1-1 X Tfi 1*1 X cs t'- x X 1 © — X © 1 1-H 1-H © 1 cs © 1*1 © © 1*1 X ©Or- CS CS < p>- ’ r>- 1 ! ! ; i • cs 140 1 © 1 11 1 CS 1 1 1 1 1 ■ III 1 • 1 1 1 III 1 ! ‘ 05 co ^ — ci x 0 ■ ir cs co co 00 • 0 1 ' 1 1 1 7 40 l 1 CO 1 1 1 00 1 • 1 CS 1 ;s 40 cs . c • cs ^ © - c X • CS 1 ( 1 1 2 w X — 0 — < 40 40 i i 0 CO C5 C5 05 O »0 1 O — . - r. x 0 d" CO CO CO 40 CO C5 . 0 1 ' 1 © 1 cs • ; X 1 — ' • - 1 >c © ©©X 1*1 X cs 1 1 1 - • cs 0 ' ' © © l l CO 1 CO 1*1 1 1 X— 1 1 © © © 1 1 X 1 cs 1*- cs 1 CO CO 40 0 it- © © ir I -tNCO CS 1 1 1 XWN • cs X • © © X ■ III C5 T ' ' * ' GC if 1 111 1 ill 1 III 1 111 l 1 40 CO CO —1 ■ CO X Ui © 1 cs x co 1 85 91 166 247 183 472 «?oo X X CS 05 X © cs x © © r>- cs © © ©©XU* — © CS ^1 .-1 CSX 1 1 c 554 3,134 154 6 440 sgggg , X© ©1H 1 © © XX © 1 © © © 1*1 X 1 ^1 1-1 CS CS 1 1 © © cs 1 X 1 © © *0 © X © X CS - - - 1— © i*i cc 1*1 © XWH cs 1 ! £ 3 © © Ui © CS 22S 0 CO 0 280 1, 566 784 504 94 130 109 65 112 174 211 155 cs 1*1 X 1*1 © X X 1-1 1-1 cs 1 q 40 1 C 3 X U CO 0 CO S CO O CO 40 cs f* CO CO CO ^ 40 r-T 05 CS »— < 1 X 1*1 if- 1*1 1 © © © *>■ • CO cs © — T 1 Cl CS 1 X © t''- © — X © © X 1*1 © U1 © X © X CS X 1,225 38 141 388 270 390 364 105 222 159 212 299 11^ CO • 05 CO ' O 05 CO I © M N 1 CO It^ cs III 1 © X cs C5 ' ' cs co ! r- 05 ! cs x© ! ^ l CS rl 1 ! ! cs ! 0 © X © *~s 1 ! CO © if © © ' ' 0 © if P- © 1 ■ u- co »— *-1 2, 570 999 155 361 103 107 . 91 178 267 208 481 10 2 37 133 144 304 201 X 1-1 © X cs © © © cs cs © © © it © 1— 0 CS 1— 1 1— 1 CS X ©XCS©X 40 50 0 CO © 0 CO 40 1 © 40 CO CO CO O CO 00 X U* cs 00 40 >© HH^flnooO CO rHC0C*H^^- 1 cs V 1-T CS^rHi-T 1 — . © x xx > a © 0 © © 1 1 1-H CS CSX 11- D © CS © 1 fi © X © 1 1 x cs • ! © © S © . x © x © 1*1 r- 1 r- © 1*- © Ui 05 1 X CS — 1 cs . • cs • * ^ 05 CO 4-1 1-1 • | 00 1 © X X © © if © X © X © - — CS co „ 1-1 1-Hrtn -1*1 >CSX©1*1X©X© ©X X 1— © © © © '35 a . ct>-S >l|o2 ~ [3.2 'HD oo 5> W> 3 |^2o g.2.2xi S^-o cs „ .-r:" ^ o o a r*.:: .:: u. c oc u tx cs ScrsJa c c cmw C aso® ® COODOOG^?? ID) 0/2: • >Q ' M >> ca S £|s2 DJ-gC-g g?=£.« SJ II .o ss-- 0’S o a ra£«t> O G> g 3 C c/5 O’Ss ° wrS ° >» ® '"O.— ‘S °( >>D k >- w afc<.a a-fj# f I sli 03 csO^ 3 3 fla^ - O „ w-3 cs « a tc g-S^ gSH B s >»r •s”P«i5i hs k.*t~ ff) !>> P_ a a « o cm g“g~S o ce ®g >gO >° o C ® ? - °~D> 0 ^ Bq 6 ■< § ^ o o tx o >-a “ " *j ® « ■ 05 TJH o 05 O — CO 00 ^rH I N CM r-t IH i-l rH CM CM ITO JO qaaAi PJRJL o^g o CD 03 ■sf! 2 o*2* hhO-s ° M? 5 - ^9 £ Sg 2Ph O® £§ g$jjsr >5 2 a co i co *rl, o M '£ °G ; fl CO d.H c « i oqo o ®^ ScCp^-L o ^cs^rap ®°'dp 3P«®|g^a°^ O^Jdp a £ b£.— • r, » a S a® 05— i “.2 i oP 73 2&h 3 gjlaS°oW 3 J 8e.= s-cS_ ^>>,1500 00 0 ^03 3T9 •>, <3 P 05 CS 2sso|95|S2§||«>3P' 5 3 3 3® 2 dPPPP^P O'® 05, « i ■ i i i i ii i i i i i i i i i | i i • i i ; CO ! | : 1 ;1 j ; i j j ] j i i ; ! I ! j n ! S2 ! ’ — 1 ! ! ! 1 rH ! £5 ! M ! ! 5 00 : : : OJ III : :8 i ;OCM . . I ... I .... | g S?K S 2 24 527 71 ooonommooiwohhmooo F* agr sasssssa-asasas . ‘ll n , , i ;US . CO-. . ' ' s ; ; iO 1 s- . o CO . S ^ ! i I c 3 ; ;s ; 3" : lO » ; : £ \\ 38 1 j‘ ' N . g “ i il j »23 i 0^ 1 1 CO S i ! S if r jlS ;• 2 ; i W1 1 i : xo : il i gsa i ; :s 22 . .00 ■ «3 — . g j i § il" 8" : 5 : ; CO • CO cs . CS CO CO * U8UI -O.M. pUB U9UI ‘S^O^OOQ 1 a l »o • cs • 1 1 1 1 U9UIOAV PUB U9UJ 1 ‘(3UU99UI§U9 P90UBA -pB SUTpn’pUl) S, J9JSB | " 1 CO CN : 1 1 1 Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional U9UI0AV 00 C5NOCO CO CS f-H H 0 CO •— t 05 0 CO CO C CD N M 050mH U9J\[ £ co CO O CO H -^05 04 CD ■sf N HH 66 45 56 40 00 CO ^ C5 0»ONh Enrollments Professional schools Graduate uamo^V - 1 1 1 1 1 U9K 2 1 00 i i i i cs U nder- graduate 1 naraojw 05 1 co i i O vo © • • ■ U9K ^ ! i 331 081 L 1 O vO 05 i i i i ® 22 : : ; Arts and sciences Graduate uauiOjVv eo CS 1 1 • CM — • CO II CO 1 * 1 1 U9J\[ l Sh | 1 03 1 OON > j Under¬ graduate uauio^ O O 30 i ^ ^ ^ O '00 CO 1 O CO vO O i-H 00 N N *0 t"> CO 04 CS CO cs 0*000 05 L- CO < r-00 CO CS H I y-i 1 OCOIOCO^^ O iO CO 00 C O i vo r^- co f-H co co »-« 1 CS CO CS OOCOHrH U9J\[ © CO CO 148 3, 217 442 396 76 133 • CSTTCS CN lO CO — < O VO ' O ^ < O OfNCON^ • rt> ! C3 OCG s §x> 33 o"o 5 M 5 Si } +* C « 3 C3 r j • < QGQ U1-LI1C- VV UUUO - Taylor University, Upland - University of Notre Dame, Notro Dame.. Valparaiso University, Valparaiso . . g 1 0 < 3 c ‘ i 5 \ 2 J 0 1 'i c 5 I 5 *■ n , 2 ; Duciia v iota uiwuu j-zaxvc - _ Central College, Pella _ _ Clarke College, Dubuque _ _ Coe College, Cedar Rapids _ _ V>U1U1I1 UlC* U UI/U4UO - Cornell College, Mount Vernon _ .. Des Moines Still College of Osteopathy, Doc TV/Crdnoo Des Moines College of Pharmacy, Des Uninne Drake University, Des Moines _ Grinnell College, Grinnell - Iowa Wesleyan College, Mount Pleasant.. John Fletcher College, University Park... HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 139 O H CO I CO IrHfMCO COHC )OONCO^HCOOO CO I 00 00 ^^hcocoww cm C5 1C Tft CO ^ r-H CM CO COHH CO M ^ 0 N 05 iO O : CMMCM^HCO>2,03 cl 5 33 S‘3i-3 5.0 2 3 C3 qO - R 2o><3§Q.2 *§£.«£ a g 8-2° (S’g 3 ct-So® © ® txro C3 S)5 2 3s ol3 bJD M-> c/J E> ^ <1 lTl <*> 3 to dT) 55 ® c <; ra W . o Oo d'^'r'5 *- - n rt o ■'-hH 3 3 *q > o’ *.0.0 3 ° 3 S^-w-C a a«5«! 58743—35 - 10 to -x E ,t5 *> a is o .-S o m 8=5 &H >« ®‘°6 >-M >22^ a£8 a a '3 .2 gXo^S^gg^ Ss-3 a-i 2 ! Us g s :n -2 © a i» ^S8U 3 3 a * g> e . . 3 & ,3 — > O at ai 7. m Jo 55 ai s B 3 o flS, § o.l1 m B q “3 •a o M :^o ' “ aTi-3 ®§1 . o g a 2 C£«4_4 o ® O M ®0 o 35 bfl a> r1 _ .3 3 qqjS a 33 o 3: s l. '/-> j - ® 1 ' q fee „ g>©. _ is CG ; °r?0 © o a; £°sa&g! 3 8 E o o 2 c— o2 vj © © O ©*g <)hOCC^ § O >i © ' co bJD 00 ^ r fl © > *ao 32 -3 & © ~ o tuo © 2 QJ bljJ^ ^5 III D -C3 o a « ..sSg ogM®a^§ , _ -H> W Ut ■hS | q g S3 § a o es !.S S § 2 aS I 2; X 72 r" L- > See footnotes on p. 174. 140 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 U3UI0M pnB notn ‘AJBJonojj -om pure nam ‘s^ojooq namoM. puB uaui ‘(SnuaamSna paouBA -pB gnipn'ppi) s.ja^gBpj ■ — . i a 2 g « 03 a§ O ® W*H llli -o 3 Sa nauiOAV nap\[ uamOAV uapj; naniOAV nap\[ uauiOAV uap\[ narnoAi nap\[ naxnoAv pnB nara ‘(qjOM aSapoo jo jB8i? jsjg) uaraqsajj -om puB naoi ‘nuaj [[Bj jo 3jaaAi. pjigj, W £>CT> '“t co 05 o ro 8§i i® ;§•» oX! 1 o ? 3o gsli* >. 8>.-S'3tf'S2 ■3 Mo 3 CD 43 3 Q.g a c3 5 ®Op c« a g ft | 2|o o ,-q^^coe CQ m ■3?1 p|<3 S.S’S^ O -o ^ SiflOO mmmo O o - . - _ S^j-g o„ H -g S3 E f « * PQ'O’a 13> tfSgn sPig®*. ^ w fcjor 'o wSiif o o5o o ®OW (Tj a> a ot3 S o S3 .2 3 o 9 >, o +3 oo« 0v O OW£iJ, HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 141 See footnotes ©n p. 174. Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Pakt 2. UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED-Continued 142 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Degrees uamoM prm uom ‘Ajbjouoh « I I- ; • co ^ cm ! ! i uam -om pun uom ‘s.jojooq j uamoM pus uam ‘(SuijaamSua paouBA -pn Suipnpm) s.jajss j\[ 1 o 1 ** | | CO • i co »o OJ 1 'CO 1 . 1 I Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional uamoA\ 1 2 ^0 05 03 -r rH 1 O»-hCM05i0CM00C0 1 r-H CO CO CM 05 r-H CM H CM i 05CM r-H 1 CM uaj\j; QO CO r-1 CO CO O CO OOrHTf ^ Cfi Tf H* lQ (N 1 1 ^H t'- • • CM 05 i i CM 00 . TT 1 rH 1 P~- 1 Enrollments Professional schools Graduate uamoAV uaj\[ CO |ii2" Hi! Under¬ graduate uamoAV - CM i i i : i i" i CM i i uaj\[ O U- 05 1 i 1 rt^ O CM i * i 1 1 1 »0 CO 1 CO 1 1 Arts and sciences Graduate uamoAl e* ! i" 1 : • r-H t— l CM 1 1 1 uaj\[ w CM »0 00 1 1 1 CM Under¬ graduate uamoAV - CO NHrHOO CM CO rH fO H CMCMONC0 05»C>0 O CO O0 ^ r-J -H CO uaj\[ s CO lO CO lO N- kO 00 © CM 00 OOlOrH CM 05 Tf GO CO CO Wmh CM —t hh(N(N i ICON i i ^ 05 147 32 463 UQUIOAi pun uam ‘(3[jom aSanoo jo jboA jsjij) uamqsajj 05 'tCMrH 00 IOOC^ o CM r-H T«rHOCO( OOCCMi 05 P- l r-t 0»0 '1C -H 1 lO OCTf HC5 ^ 05 CO CM uam -om puB uam ‘maaj HBj jo 3jaaM pjjqj, ao CO CO r-H CO CO O-HN^ 05 CM N- CM CO 366 409 470 394 413 88 284 2, 844 38 284 868 1 109 Summer session 1931 i uamoAl 8 | i r— CM 1 1 CO CM ' ' i i .CM * — h i i 05 1 O I 1 rH 1 CO 1 1 1 1 i i i i ! na K co | 05 ' t co . ^ CO r-H CO 1 1 co ^ CM ' ' 1 i 1 CO 1 1 1 ICM • ill i Regular session 1931-32 i uamoAl i go cm co • O ^ CM CO CM 1 H CO H CO r-H 1 00 rH CO 05 CO 05 lO CO i P— CM 00 r— J i-H CO © 1 72 11 411 123 uaj\[ ^ i 1 100 408 165 115 267 1,652 220 211 287 246 146 2, 723 39 147 66 470 Faculty reduced to full-time 1 2 uamoAV ~ ! I 9 21 7 21 2 t- CO 05 00 £ O 00 r-H CO ■ *0 05 r-H CO najAI HCOfflO CO O 001'«(NN01H!D t-OOOrt HMHrt • CM 1-1 OrfO CM t— i t— < COO^Or^iO (Nl CO N rH CO CO T?< ' HWH rH CM — ^ CO CO OO CM CO »0 CO(N5 °0-g O Kg’.S.S ccScq°-<5 § ooolSg^lg^bSSS® ss=a«a£Sc°So(a,PL,5 O © O O 3 «J $ JOOOOOWijI^^oQraairaajtn & ©r ©b 1 all 11° G O fl ~ SScgfo^- 3®ao1' Crz o. bC gu OqO’p/pJ ; « © „ w.&.S* i o 5 ;S'§§8,gg«»&>,3 J © flMww h S w w 2 w 3 © <— < y ^ .a 3 q m«o^^ «e-< 3 o hp +i l-o ~ j©,© © 'o'o © g>3°^.g a ^ ©* © c o“& oMNL bpcaU p,c3 .2.3 n“.2 °S2®g g*-o O >> . >>■« S-tSo — r i w 5 © S K Sicon « M - ObOcsCJoJcgQ.O 3 !)«; B 3 B !2 d flu a _ _ _ _ ._ u'oO © co © © © ©M © fQQO OOOQW M W MW W « > h a £3 Ssh ® ©SH o o S See footnotes on p. 174. Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Part 2.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 144 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 £ I put? uoraoAv uaui ‘Ajbjouoh U8UI -oja puB uaui ‘s(jojooci U9UI0A1 PUB U8U3 ‘(gmj88UlSu8 paOUBA -pB gnipnpni) s(jajsBp\[ A i g a £ * •3 03 Q,S ci „ o r i ® |1|J 11 P - namoAV U9p\[ namoM najv naraOAV. U8M namoAi. ueraoAi Tt< HCO' U8J\[ tramoAi puB U8in ‘(qjOM aSaqoo jo JBaA jsag) uaraqsajj uaui -om pnB nara ‘uiaaj IlBj jo qa Oja pJigx PS o«TS OS S5J3 uaniOAi naj\[ uaraoAi naj\[ uarao^v naj\[ TfrHOMCO ^ to NOONNOOINCCNOON Oh ^trHOSOJOJiOOiiONN OOOa> ONCSMNiOOiOOOlO O CO HCO»OHWOO(NCO(NCO 10 O OONH O O O 00 00 ^ r-H rH CN rH 05 05 CO O r-T of IhONOOM’ CC CM (MOO O 05 O > P CS q. o 2 m o ■s ® 0'3 O CO >2 O ® ®P ps £ £ § g/3 SII&S M P^ \m i j i ; 3 ; 1 cS ! 0 ! ■P ! 1 • » C5 £ CO 0 1‘3 co£ ® *0 bL

® To .22 -S2 O t^.9 m 3o.gggo|al a.-.»3 3 w- >« m‘3 ® w> “IS IfS O ii cS UO0 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 145 O lO O CM NOOJiOW *CH( HCCIN ^ CM GO 05 10 o ^ o rfr< CM CM CO 1-1 CM iO O 1^ »OiO HO) CO CM — < 05 *o ^ co o r - 05 CO CO O CM t - CM CO CM O 38 00 NCO 00 N COiGOrPcO CM CO CO rHNOOCO^ CO t''* 05 h CM H CM h iO CM 00 00 CM CO iC« CM'r-T 00 05^*0^ rH O O HHNCMtJ' COCO r-H r-H 0 ■ O ^ CO rH CM 1 CO CO CO CO CM rH 11 CO rH 11 1 l 1 1 OOiOOON 00 CO CM CM rH CM CM HH U- CM 05 CM CM O CM N N CO 00 05 HHMNO 1^ CM rH rH CO CM CO CO ^ ^ 50 OCONH CO 00 00 rf O CM CO rH CO rHTt< CM rH 05 >> a b §§a Q‘g_ w -w - <3 c3 W) a ® > o ■£ gjs a §* ® a ®o^3 ® WPh O g j§ 6 a> 0 9 2 ^ >> a _0 a-g 3.° : !2 2 >> 2 2-q a MT3X2X2 “ o a-~ © ® £ a.®* O o o 3>h 15 ■ga a ! 1 Sm ® 1 i p > 1 1 ®^h •44 a a M -5^ a || i^>p^ I w pas-S* . ® S a fe tn « b(® O in a W2_®_>0 (3 3 00 a a 2« |2 ® s & £f> I otS? § 2 S ®£ 5 Ph M kT 5.S za 0.2 CQ bXJ if P3.a >>Ea 8a is , a . & a 2 ■p o i«§°1 £ 2 ^ ®a2^ S’"! ® O Jh ®. bX) ® Ph _ S- w o ®-r 3 pOu« 253g J?£gg « P+i ® 2- Q_i rri rr\ rr> O a a 03 ® 2 3 & 'gmco ® a 0^|- >> S|°S)H •Sfegsl o O 3 O 3£hOcq •a^ a'g’S , qtj 2 a o^'SjS a aTs o am o-a-s 5 sa „ ® ® bX) tl ® ® as as o on O m a a 9 o ® a 'em a «i2r «J«jj os -h to cs oo co cs oo >o o> rt< -jwaoj; co *gco CS T-I 00 -C< O i-H rt< CS Tt' I-I CO HH CS CS 0 t— CO CS ” ” a,® ■ ri «.C3 .2 0> © 3S O ^ b’i o ca 3 >h a .a *s° •rCx3 g ® <1 > ® o S aT'w a] o © g feCGtf > o £ a> . *o o o o © p| “ — be 'Tn'3'5 5“gSo5 ^T3 §3 ® PdS 2 tuo - o ®o Soofi^l-gS’S §|h>ho| 1 ’S "S "P ^3 fe 03 1— 1 TH ‘5 .2 a j^C t>X) cn £ ,y bed O 3’S^ 3fl- ostso o m o £ A JP C3 S © tx^ _> z£j2 g Sloll _.^ cfi ^aco7 ***«■ ¥Ai: ’5’c >2 M >' §rag.-S; P g £3 *£h 11 a § Jg S £ o «2iS =3 a> !*S5i O O a,' a ® ® .— " ££z; ‘ a-° '-, ? >.a a j ^ a « i - oca » i o ^ • >>35 ® h ®- a if. O ® |®2s E s 2 ® ® ° 2 san ® b£ _ "3.9 £cj S A s°J&l§a*i P 2 o & © *o~ s2 9* S5?! a p1 w — ~ © 2 .sl^^^SS^g-a ® 5f.3--S ®‘? ® «o3 -a txai ^BoS^ffloScws ~ ”o ® P 0 .2 £ gj- SP 55 aj- g ' oOm ® wo” §£.2 'a g £ S°- o ^ ^ VH MhPhCOM § ¥* © 5 © ’rt o o ©w,2 ■£ g g°P~ ® >,>,!§ 2 a ""in&feftiso^-s-so^c ^OnO^®£Sflc®®r'Cs P >-s 3; ^ P co -a a.o.o>_> <5 w>-3 CQO2OQ0QCQa2CC!CC!pPPP>^ © Q 'o w o g ®x: ■ t*o o ® •a t- as °r ® 2 o £ Pn-gP-tS ! - a .« g isSsi >® z -a®: oo° s O ;S° 5OO0i a |o§°/S>§ ®-t5 = P a "S fcr. - g . a rr ® s S ® o 33 co £ tx-O o O . ISSf^o P^^'S'H § ® a 2 gS e ;w^oo^ See footnotes on p. 174. 148 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 £ o m S uaraoAv pnB nain ‘Ajbjouojj nani -oaa pnB nain ‘s(jojooq e* uatnoAi pnB nara ‘(SnpaanjSna paouBA -pB Snipn'pm) s,jajSB Sags _ F3* O o © •— S-stS gj If nauic>A\ S U0K S uamo^v £ naj\[ natnOjW U0M 3 namoM nap\[ aatiiOj^ o oo e<9 03 co t-- . o H H H 00 o lO 1-1 t-H CO Nh □8H naui0A\ pnB nain ‘(^joav. aSapoo jo jBa^ jsjg) nauiqsaaj nara -oav pnB uam ‘nuaj IIBj jo JjaaAV pjiqj, 6.2^ SCO CO W C5 S© r-i rr\ Cfi 0 ONM O rt -i Tt< 00 N lO r— I --I Tf CO NH INMO^COIOH &W>S J3® ® 0’S « £ 5 o 8 ■"1 b/} < — i h£i c/2 fv* & a 0 3)Ko5jflHfcl3 a 3 i Q £ ? I -A 'A — C Kg£?3 COHdrl CD 00 O O 000^0 iO ns o _ P~oj2atn\ ©|° M w.g g §?©-£ P5 35° §r® j?r? *" a •tS co Sx)^ £> ^ cs.C> 1-5 (-3 (^ C?co (» 02 !> HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 149 tO CO 03 IHPO I • CO I 03 < tO CO IHCO COM'-'ONNiC t>- tO CO 03 CO t'— rH CO (NCON 00 05^H(N05>0005 NH lOrHCOCOCOiOCO 03 i 03 Is* 00 CO iiO03rt I §£ ©§2 > M §| aPSSSg gu2 §?a ®-s gfS HO ©u~ 5 P §Q-g ■§ 5 0 T*1® o OO © 4-.^ o , . .5 r— f CO ■H O biD pod ® ...j be ■-1 >,r-( ® a Od « u © . o> £ ® § ® ® 8 ! O O co _ . © r) co 3 P --c araW be ^„®^0SSggi“©:3al ©0>.<2iSI2.25'p;3pr3- 9*8^0^0 0 © ©.9 © *© . ■ ^ oQ «£> © a g & a H ®’C 3 3 go O ©Oh>p! o j^J'o^’o'o© © . 3 ■© '© -P -g © "cs 2 2 2 2 OO OOQflhMBW^M^ggg^OOOOoQajffl zfg ££> a fife-"6 &© ©g£ n SPSfM s o-o „ " ,2 © & O o °o3$©a; >.OQ« P O £J I ® a p| QJ Q) Oh "w £ ,9 p JJ © ©^3^3 pm>h >Z a •Sa^qs '5*g I p I © i a ' o \> >>** a p © £3 © p P O &"g c3 ,S CCQ pq 3 -ja © a ^2 O O ,_ © o bo '32 ® o WQ <„ >,.©•£ a a cs "o 5 J2 _§ © ©tsOSS^S’a WO CO WO > s '3 .£ 55 Wv ca c3 2 “ See footnotes on p. 174. Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Part 2— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 150 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 U9mOAL pnB near ‘Ajbiouoh U8UI -O M. pUB U9UI ‘S.JOpOQ ueraoM puB U9m ‘(SUTJ99UlSU9 P90UBA -pB Bnipnpm) s,j9jsb INCOTfOOO MOOOCl-#iO 00 Cl lO il" ngraoAl U9J\[ (M i lO IM ©OOCM HOJHQOC^ OJNOO CM CM t-h CO CO U9HI -oa\. puB uara ‘mid% IIBJ JO 5[99M pjiqj, O CO CM OC 00 CM ^ I'- i CM CM !>• h CM ih i CM CM H CM CO CO 00 CM 1 CO 00 CO 1—1 CM i i— i OONOJrHHCN O -H CM 1 TjGOH 1C CO CM » © S .g u9TH0Ai M i uaj)\[ >00 lOS^O^COOO I r-1 i CM CM i-H i— i CM CM ,rO 1 i ii 1 g ; 0^3 ; g ^ ! o G p • O - O txO bJD g 5 a^o^gj,' _ _ ___ w f GO slslSl6,-l'l ^ ^ro;oOl^H-*-'0> ® So o ° ^ g ^ '3 *i2*gfl£ i—3 'G -*-s ^ CD • — ■ ®o 2'S-g O a §c§ SySSssS'c c3 M ! £ C3 Hi - I s!§ fl’OO £>£ © 35 § a (3 P ^ gj-^O W o? § © cjO^ M.2 £0 ®P _9; 'n b£W .,-1 4-3 oO^>5a O kO &Pi— i JjjL S .52 ® .2 ® ^ ©'S’S © S o.2 & O O M-X O E o O g oo co-23 ® C C!^ fl El Ci o S5 oi >>® ‘3_o'o:3 °® o'isx m 3 53 5° in o ti — HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 151 i • CO 1 t-H O ^ ' S i j CO > |HON i iO to 1 ^ CO • . * " c >•£ JGr - >j f. 5.2 3 >57 5 e 3 — >> Villanova College, Villanova. . . Washington and Jefferson College, Wash- in crtnn Waynesburg College, Waynesburg - Western Theological Seminary, Pitts¬ burgh. - - - - - ... - Westminster College, New Wilmington. .. Wilson College, Chambersburg _ . Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylva- RHODE ISLAND Brown University, Providence.. . . . Rhode Island College of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, Providence . . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 153 ! j j ; ; ; i i ! 1 : ” §33 3" 8S2SJ2 ^c,i58~S3S3S8'HS3 cSSSS as" CO CO o IS I CO «g| : i i !« 1 j i j is5 £ i 35 ; ; ; ;s CO ; o .0535 HO : : ;°2 SSIla ij ?la j Sc5 i §§222 3 : i§|SgS3§§§ 122 223s :3 S : gl S£§ ssgsg 3 : gggggggss i=! j! m*s siggsgssssge ; I2S =§g :s§ 3§3£S2 gisalllsi! ! 111 Hill iiS ISIS III is! =1111 8j il - ; CM '. 00 § 05 00 00 o t2 s ;: 2 I :S3g : CO . ;p i § : is fc : 3 ; 2 2S322S 2 5 l ■ N • ;S2§ : a : :2s SS i :« sags §§§§§ sssgiagsssgsgsg i§§ggg See footnotes on p. 174. 154 T3 £ to I c4 H 03 Ph Degrees BIENNIAL SURV U9TH0M puB uam ‘X.IB.I0U0H EY < CM ! ** DF EDUU r V. nc CM IN, 1 CM CM 93 CM 0— IS >32 i CM • CM • - uam -oav pun uam ‘s.jojaocf 1 CO CM . i CO • i i i i i i uauiOAv pun uam ‘ (3uuaam3ua paouBA -pn Suipnput) s.xajsBjAr o I r O . C5 CM co r- »o co 40 co Baccalau¬ reate and first pro¬ fessional uamoA\ s 2 2 CM CO r-H CM CM r-H 00 CO 00 O QO O Ht* CO CO CO O rH CO CO CO ^ uajM ao CM iO CO CM CM CM lO r-i 05 lO rH 00 rH r-t O CO OOOC5COOH lO 05 CO OO CM r-H CM *0 05 CM r-H Enrollments Professional schools Graduate uarao^vv i ' ® i nan CO | 05 CO i i i Under¬ graduate uamo^ CO a ; CM iN CO i CM I CM CO 1 r-H 1 1 1 1 uajAi ! : ; $ ■ i ■ J Cl CO ' O CM ! 1 CM 1 40 ICO O 1 :s 3 ;s Arts and sciences Graduate naum^v co 1 ’N ! • co ! csr CO CO 40 CO CM 40 uaj\[ a ! i CM CO 11 35 40 Under¬ graduate uamOjW 1 = 183 167 680 566 178 88 CM r-H IQ rHCM ^ 05 40 CM CO r-H CO r-H CO ^ CNNO OOrHH rH r-H GO U- CO U~ CM uajM a CM CO cm u- CM ri O Hf CO L- -Hf CM 40 r-H r-H 209 CO XCO-H 05 0*0 OCOCOHOH TjirHCOHrtN 05 CO — CM CM — ' U3UI0A\ puB uam 1 ( 5jjoa\ a3a[joo jo JBaA jsiq) uamqsajj cs 1^05 OOOOOdOiOOOO HIONH^OIO CO rHOl NCOGOINOCO^^ h^iOOOjOW I- O co co uam -oav puB uam ‘miaj HBj jo 5jaaM pjiqx GO CM 05 CO CM lONNOON rh CO ‘O h co CM 00 r-, CM CM to iO CO CO CM HlOTflCOHO co*o^ooo rH CM »0 CO Summer session 1931 1 uarao^v - ! CM U- r-H O CO co co »o 142 320 96 587 HNCJ5N CM O rH CO rH CO rH uap\[ 50 05 to 1 CO 00 ^ CM r— H 3 3 05 05 05 r-H CO CM T+* t"- 00 CM CO Regular session 1931-32 i uarao^w »0 CO CO Cl O O lO oo 00 U- 00 00 05 00 HH CO 00 rH oo -h o CM CO C5 40 CM 00 rH CO r-H CO ^ OOiNCO CO CM 00 05 O CO r-H 00 00 CO HHTJHQO r-H nan I CMO CM CM 22 ^ O CM O N N rH CM CO CM t"* CM t)h r-H r-H i-H CM CM 2 981 163 331 121 411 1, 136 140 224 320 Faculty reduced to full-time basis uamo CO 18 2 1 33 3 66 3 7 4 r^Tf CM 00 rH r"H CO H CO • NCON ^ X — < i CM CM uaj\[ 1 00 OC OOXNCOOOCMiO^O iO CO 00 N CO CO COCOCO rH r-H CMH r-H rH r-H C5 rH CO rH CO X H CM CM„ „ 1 Name of institution and location TEXAS Abilene Christian College, Abilene _ Austin College, Sherman.., . . . Austin Presbyterian Theological Semi- d c £ d E c £ c is \£ !c ?c 11 PC Baylor University, Waco. . Bishnn Cnllecro 2 Marshall Daniel Baker College, Browmvood _ Evangelical Theological College, Dallas... Houston Law School, Houston _ _ Howard Payne College, Brownwood _ Incarnate Word College, San Antonio _ Our Lady of the Lake College, San An¬ tonio Rice Institute, Houston . . St. Edward’s TTnivarsitv. Austin St. Mary’s University of San Antonio _ Samuel Huston Colleve .2 Austin Simmons University, Abilene . . .. Southern Methodist University, Dallas- Southwestern Baptist Theological Sem- Southwestern University, Georgetown _ South Texas School of Law. Houston _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 155 co CO eo »-« ' Gff 1 S CO C^ CO • UO , , :S oc jc CM co O t- O CM CM S2S S s 22^ ;=5*?° « g^S ;g2 — » cm - ‘2 = g» s 2 K££ CM ; 3$ :S3 ?ISS 3 SSE'*® . , O* S : ; ; ; 1 ' 8 : :s 2 ;s o 22S | :§2 ' O CO * C5 S CO 1-1 — • 11 52S§ 3 i iSS ~i®§ 2 |g| — n- ss *8 S3 1 8SS sis i :s § £ i II | S| g|2g?52 S ££2 = 8;?S£ ^ — f-i CO - a §§§ IS I g rasas , !Psll § SIS 2SII ins § 151 is i sresiii §1 S3^S 1 SI 8 *8 £2 »-i cm cm wx 3*3 | — • O § ££ C5 s 1 §S® ~!si 2 |S| g§ 2£ fcO SSggs ®88 SS S SIS sSlS 1 S 1 sg 1 III 5 Sibils O**- ioiocdo © ao^f co ~822 S3 oc oo *c o oc; i- o 5 • CO CM - ^SN INX - -50 5= NBC-ON ON C C — 58743 — 35 - 11 See footnotes on p. 174. 156 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 naraoM puB naui ‘Ajbjouoh | w uam -om pire nam ‘s.jojooa naniOM pue naui ‘(gnuaamSua paouBA -pB Suipnjom) s,jaiSB;p\j 73 3 CT3 R 2 uamo^v 2 nap\[ narao^Y £ aap\[ narao^ uap\[ uatnOjW nap\[ uatno^v “3M (NOJO '05 i CM U- r-< co oo cm ^ CM CO 00 — ' r—f 05 rH r—i CM H uaraOAY puB naui ‘ ( jfjOAv aSapoo jo jBaA ^sjg) uauipsaij C5 CM r— < r— 1 Tf CO CM 00 CM ^ 156 00 o CO CO CM r-< 0‘Crf'0‘0-'NCO»OC0 05 — < CM iO CO CO CM CO ^ CO CO r-l r-( CM naui -om puB naui ‘uua^ HBj jo iiaaM pjiqj, an U ^ O 05 CO ^ CM CO O ‘O CO —i CM CM CO i CO CO Tt^ t - *0 T#< 63 758 3,456 138 356 59 233 67 *0 05 CO^ > 05 00 *0 CM r-l Tf CM © a - goH uauiOjW - i CM CM 1 CO 1 CO i to O i ' o icon 1 1 to ' *0 1 1 CM i i i 1 1 1 C ^ co R W05 23 ©~ CQ naj\[ CD 'NCOOCO . CO lO CM 05 eg i iii <£ c im 73 _G co uauio^v »o 0000000*0 CM COO CM JH 223 CO 00 *0 o CM CM O — • CM CO CM CO Ci — 1 lO O r3 Tf CO O CO CO CO O 00 Ohio O 2^, c3 U0p\[ uarao^v 08p\[ 00 CO CM CO CM 00 I O O I -H o »0 CO — I CO - co co cm lO lO Tf Tf 05 05 COCO ooo5t^i^i^ o CM CO CM CO O »-< CM r-i m CM CM N M O O - tD^NOM ^ CO 1 3 1 i i H i ] © : : ; ;3 ; ; ; i,ii ' i ' • ! 1 5 jPQ : ! ;m :.s : i ; : i : i«fe ! © ! :s:i ■ mil 8 i|JJ | l S ; oo .5 3 M O „■ , 5 £g®« « p» ■©jp'o ® 3 ® H « .0:3^ ® M »® Mr-) d|> W ® SjOC^-'cGiH j> fc£ ® — ■ ^ ^ A = &® a OnH > g*.g S'S.ar a a 3 C3 O d L ! ^ [ § O © ® ^ X3 = r’j ®s|| §=:s&, bn ® © > o ffi"-S350 L«g® fglig ■s sgsl r= ,>'0"3^ ^3° g)®'©«i §,o 3 ®~ ®Z §, — c 5°; *0 ®-3 ©“5 ©O “s° -f o|*?!&Jog& ^olai-gci§‘| ssll § s g s ^ SSSESfcfcfcEs HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 157 Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Part 3.— TEACHERS COLLEGES, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED Students completing without degrees, teacher-training courses of— 1 year uoraoAV K | naw | g 2 years uoruoAi. £ CM t* CO O CM N (N N CO ^ 24 3 U8M * 1 CO to CO tO CM CO 1— < H O 3 years uaraoAA. ” 1 CM Tf CO U8JAJ « 1 to CM CM Degrees Master’s degree U8UI0A1 U8p\[ O Bach¬ elor’s degree U8UI0AV 2 N tO Tt (N CO O tO CM to rH i-H CO tO OH U8p\[ OD 1 OCOHOrf O COO CM CM CO tOC4 Enrollments Professional schools, j September to June Grad¬ uate uomoAV 1 UOJ\[ to 1 Under¬ graduate uamoAV - CO O 00 lO Tf O CM ^ < • to 00 00 Tt4 coco CO H Tt< CM CM CM (NO CM U8pj O to CO O CM o COO oo Arts and sciences, September to June Grad¬ uate uamoAi eo 1 U8JAJ £5 1 Under¬ graduate uamoAi = O CM O uap\[ 1 O (JJJOM 8391100 jo jboA jsag) namqsaj^ as NINOOOCO CO CO COTfitO^^ toco CM CM CM »-H CM i— i CM CO CM UIJ8J IJBJ JO 5[98M pjiqj, ao CO 1 CM O CM CM CO O to 00 »o Summer session 1931 uouioav r» 264 473 212 1,498 353 599 05 O) uop\[ co CMO^»OtP CO to CM to to O i-H CM CM 344 125 Regular session 16 1931-32 uauioAV COOOOtOrf CM CM Tt« ,-h c7 io na w - O CM CO O CM COCO COO tONO CM GO rt< H CM CO CO CM i-h Faculty (reduced to full¬ time basis) uamoAi co rHQONOtO COO COCO CO H rH CM H CM CM CM H U8 J\[ w 00 to ^ CO CO COO toco r-H t-h CM CM CM H Name of institution and location - ALABAMA State Teachers College: £ > . g ' G < t-5 ) : c : c l . t. ?.E \m> : •“ » I— > j i ! r ■ c ■> i 0 g !e- ARIZONA Arizona State Teachers College: ! s if i E- ARKANSAS Arkansas State Teachers College, Conway... .. Henderson State Teachers College. ArkadelDhia. See footnotes on p. 174 Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Part 3— TEACHERS COLLEGES, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued 158 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Students completing without degrees, teacher-training courses of — 1 year uauioAl | £ uapf S | 2 years nauroAV j £ CO 33 241 59 18 21 24 o oo(N 3 years uauiOAV SS 2 i i i | o Degrees 1 Master’s uauiOAV j ~ | napM S Bach¬ elor’s degree uamoAV | 2 | ” isSSS&S '~ll^ uaj^[ l ^ G I Professional schools, 1 September to June Grad¬ uate uamoAV £ ; uajA I £ 1 ■ :S2 Under¬ graduate uamoAV »o S iiilll 3*2 s25 H najM 3 ISslsS S8S Arts and sciences, September to June Grad¬ uate uamoAV 1 2 uajv ! a Under¬ graduate namoAv s £ 2 2 ! ^ o j uap\[ - 3 3 °° s ; (JJJOAV OSdUOO jo jboA jsiij) uamqsaj^j 181 319 726 776 786 602 191 64 551 123 66 148 215 mjoj ncj jo qaoA p-qqj, GO 188 679 152 1,634 278 144 305 294 Summer session 1931 uamoAV - 105 113 213 397 1,478 1,012 207 143 1,878 310 168 193 453 U9K 57 75 144 87 95 309 158 35 572 100 39 9 115 I|i nauioAV 243 459 1,025 982 1, 269 2,037 493 154 1,277 188 76 318 234 uajM ^ , 1 ileggS *83 8“! Faculty (reduced to full¬ time basis) namoA\. e* 2 SS8SS38 S32 *855 uaj\[ - 2 *^5 Name of institution and location - CALIFORNIA Humboldt State Teachers College, Areata . __ 1 o b'j; |° rf) Fresno - 1 San Diego _ San Francisco - - - - J San Jose. . _ _ _ Santa Barbara - - - 1 COLORADO Adams State Teachers College, Alamosa.. Colorado State Teachers College, Greelev _ Western State College of Colorado, Gunnison _ GEORGIA Bowdon State Normal and Industrial College, Bowdon - - Georgia State Woman’s College, Valdosta. .. 1 2 1 P HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 159 See footnotes on p. 174 160 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 a£.s C3 03 C DC pq«^ la c n o> w ■cGs aeniOAV U8M U0UIOAV U91AT nauzo^V U8M U8UIOAV 3 U8J\[ uauiOAV S i co — co i-h giOOOMOO U3UIOj\\ £ U0H I S U0UIOA1 U8p\[ O 3 U8UI0jV\. U0H U9UI0AV naiAI (^.lOM 8381100 ;o JB8i£ jsjy) uaraqsajj io ec oc oo niJ8j n®J J° 3[99i». P-Iiq J, CO CN I — C'J OOO »-0 OiCOlO *0 CN iO CM rj< iO sli£ g g s naraoAV nap\[ co nauio^V ■ 'H CD CD O (lOIN^INiO U8J\L <« Pl'D , ■— S'S 2^ S 3 3 H 'Tr, U8UI0AV 1 " Tt^CXOrH^O CO CO CO CO H CO ■^CCNN iO CM CO H8J\[ 1 " O N O o C3 X ^ cooo»o CO 00 CO 00 1 j ; ; ; > o O O O *C m ® . ™ *- 7^ bl r; CD P .C S* 3 C O Q)£.S _ ; g c 'S E £2s § £ § tr1 u. .7^ G c 'G rfi qo o co NO(N O —I o ONO CO CO X ! < CN^*DI CT> 00 *C " O 2 2 2 CO O CO O E g E: ^ ^ i a’K s C-g t- a> too as s® ® ® * OT w w a) u fcS-g^ ■So^ Cs!ZC_ ® ® ^ “ f-H L_l ® © O bfi 5-g E-i ° 'u° © “Eh ; o ® o g^^OE-i 2 x a bj ©fH _cs « c»m Students completing without degrees, teacher-training courses of— 1 year uamoAV 1 * naiv 8 i i 2 years uemoAV 8 CO cm © CM © 00 OO^N Tji CM nan 1 « 1 o o i-H O -H H 3 years uamoAV 1 » 1 O © © © 1 CO © h = '^ "iC j»0 &§> o &fiO “ .soo is o « 15 rX CQ .eO ® ® ce 73p_, ® 3 \ ® c3^ !&h « a SPg aijgs HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 163 23 97 75 173 168 172 15 23 14 26 : ; $ ; | ; ; ; ; s 36 71 118 197 341 283 382 549 74 215 148 177 79 87 77 334 135 140 179 127 118 195 263 110 (MOO JO g g . . i ^ C& iQ CS »0 C& *-i CO CO CO CO 2 e* > . . . ; i £3 : ; ; ; :: j : ; ; rt« iiii 38 i i | i i | p : : : : : : : : : : : : : ° ; ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ■ ■ ' ■ ' . . ■ ■ , , , , , , , . . , . CM <* ®®2§g «!S S233§ £ *Q i co 55 88SS=a« S S fc® “5 r SSS S =t 2 § sssS gg ilsls 1 iissssSssISsI .... . 1 00 - :3 ; ;s M .CO . | ® 8 8 3 :s ; ! 3 8 ;3 ; ; ^ g 8 Ills 454 713 618 351 305 396 357 HSisila 252 260 444 529 s 1 B £222 Tt< CO CO CO 1,037 1,316 1,218 220 781 700 1, 069 669 741 924 346 753 532 1,421 512 566 pll 1 £ a ill! 11 I22I2 i lllsissiSISI! I 1 fe 2222 SI Ifelsl 1 8&888S888888S i 2 § sail 11 SlElg 1 HSlIsSSlSIsl 1 1 s 139 113 248 186 CO S lilll I llSssSSsSHII § CO CO 8883 S3 S882g 8 8828288888838 2 £ © 2882 83 38888 2 82°°82Ss22888SiSi 8 3 See footnotes on p. 174. 164 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 a£.s O H •2- s I CO (JJJOM 9291(00 JO JB9A JSJIJ) U9UIt(S9JJ UIJ9J JJBJ JO 1(99AV pJiq J, a ^2 ■a f3? 3 c 2 8P53© nouiOAV U9JAI uouioav U9p\[ i-lT3 , 4— i O— ■ ^ ^ g^ll U9UI0AV U9M 1 year uaraoAV s 1 © U9JAI * iO CO 2 years u9ihoa\. w CO CO U9J\[ o 3 years nauiOAV CO § U9J/\[ CM CM Master’s degree U9UI0A\. o? U91\[ ® CM Bach¬ elor’s degree U9UI0AV rfOCO Tf CO CO Is- IONO lO 00 CO o CO CO CM t^CM02 r—i CM l-H rt U9K QO NON §2 ^ Og JO Tji O Professional schools, September to June Grad¬ uate U9UI0A\ r- uajA CO Under¬ graduate U9UI0 VV »o 698 714 847 1, 109 1, 091 550 813 350 148 565 U9J/\[ 2 CM OO i-H iO lO O Cl H O 00 GO CO Tt< 00 CO CM O CMCOCO CO CO CM H CO Arts and sciences, September to June Grad¬ uate U9UJ0AV CO U9K £5 i Under¬ graduate uomoAl 3 oo CO o *0 U9JA ® g CO O CO l-H 02 CO CM ^ -rp CM CM oo in Tt< io I CM r-H Tt< l-H CM ^ CO 02 co cm n* 00 oo »o Sn cm HN I-T ^ 00 CM to ^ CO CO r }< 02 ^ CO ^ CO r— t CM N CO 1C CO Cl ^ 'CO 00 00 CO CO o • U- CO CO CO iH CO CM CO CO h *« *3 kJ r. ■-< ' o % cS ^ O O 0,2 03 w Z7C3 CD C B ^ C3 ON 00 >« CO CC £££2” !§g£s CM »0 -< 1 ™ 03 CM 00(0 OSDNX MTI-CM© ~*ssis$s ISHsillSI till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lilt 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 till 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ! c3 ! i 1 j is 1 l>- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 ! !° ! i j I is i i 1 cO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 05 llssl 120 303 448 247 732 135 150 287 318 595 279 98 212 319 302 136 136 Ssss S3S§g i 1 sltiSiisIssis Ills 236 302 611 261 1, 173 190 352 Isilgsllll 46 163 212 158 325 97 128 Sell 207 537 720 237 1, 203 260 275 1511111151 0 0 0 < sms 1 s ililaiSSal 3 2 £8382228k£ 19 13 14 16 19 24; 19 14 59 8 12 ipliis 8^5^536 %hum a|is ifea S s»> "a 8 § S S IS sii So ?3 2 g§ l 1 S- e IS CO "r-X J o.g IS fil .if 1 1! 5 S| C — . If o a> o* ’'jq •2 I! ofc .2 « «8 See footnotes on p. 174. Table 18.— FACULTY, STUDENTS, AND DEGREES, 1931-32— Continued Part 4.— TEACHERS COLLEGES, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 166 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Students completing without degrees, teacher-training courses of— 1 year ueuio\\. Si | U3J\[ S 1 2 years uamoAV # o 00 o CO U8T,\[ a 1 oo CO o 3 years u9iuo \\ a 1 05 JO uax\[ « i r— H ^ Degrees Master’s degree _ usraojvv a S a» U8M « ! 05 Bach¬ elor’s degree uoraoAV 2 1 54 11 4 66 129 202 U0J\[ 2 63 21 10 63 0 30 CO s s o 3 W Professional schools, September to June Grad¬ uate UOUIO^Y - 0 240 53 76 191 400 572 uex\[ 260 98 84 217 0 93 Arts and sciences, September to June Grad¬ uate U0UIOAV 5-5 U3J.\[ 2 Under¬ graduate U3UIOAV - U0K (qjoAv ortepoo jo jcoX :sjy) uemqsoj^ - £ ^ CO 05 o o GO *0 *0 rt« io o UU8J IIBj JO 2J00M pjiq J, X) IO ^ 40 CO to *0 CO rH 7—i 40 S © c i £ i 6 gS u3moA\. 370 29 93 600 1,882 3 o>rH CG M U3H CO 380 29 110 30 773 Regular session i« 1931-32 uauio^ ‘ft 240 53 76 267 400 911 U3JAL O OO •«3< OS o 1-1 o o> oo r- _i !N >o ® g'S ~ x . 05 o CO o 332 838328332 to 40 97 51 WMONNCOVN (M 833 |gsilsl§§ * si 160 477 234 148 203 165 131 § 22 ; 135 32 152 37 49 22 230 25 74 « r- > i-i ;8 83S T* i 385: § C5 C Iss s ;§3 3 j° ; |3 : § ;8 H l »0 CO 1 :3 : 2 1 II ; ;S 2 S8§ 2 : 23 ; 38 332 1 1 1 13 2 1 223 (NiOCC 162 286 220 i oc i§ 288 Slss!3§ 260 254 sli 187 370 126 2 908 710 365 48 74 13 81 58 542 21 23 223 CO 2 3 3 l 332 Islllsill 3 : - 05 tT g> OC See footnotes on p. 174. 170 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 171 O cs CO o o o °^° 172 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 O I Q 1-H H CO Oi j ’-h o - tf m h H aj.S 7? ’3 u* 3 & £ 1 year uauiOjw. 2 i r r>- 1 1 U9J\[ 2 ! ! ° 2 years uauiOAi r» 22 co © o o CO o o o iO o 3 years naraOAV *o 19 26 21 92 n 6 •O uap\[ o o o o o • o o w an O o — 'ii a M Q M 3 CO 2 Oh-5 c g§° £ “ -O a, ® gs-2 § S g = o 0 ueraOAV uajv (jjjom oSaqoo jo JBaA ;sjy) uauiqsaa j UIJ0J IP3J jo n 00AV pjiqj, •3.22 ►- T3 ^ QJ Vj ZZ cd S73 o © S uorao^w U0J\[ uacnoAV *0^0 iO U8J\[ O O T-H o o »CIOOO CO c uauiOAV U8JM ^ ia I OJ T3 bJO ,§2 "Sm c3 - Ho rt O fe.2 a 2 P •=P5 D ® q a 3 o3 .. U al o -. fflh s£ ax! H oH a '-Z-P’O !oPh a 1 o h- , :-l axt oW o o_ ^“§g ^ a O _ pq a _ „ _-'ao2 o §'g Or, M’S 4 0^.22 -Sf m b^13 c . m.£ ®£S5c o 3 o Hr27 H O I oo H m -«< H •.3 2 ° 3 . M g to o *53 ® fl fl -3 &•££>§§ . ^ 0.2^ rt~ § -So saN^s-is Oco03 39 n0"®' otT3 £ £ & a*"! ©JSs ® £ So* © ,9 'O © t, ti ^ q$^ M © c3 a o a a © -* 3 > ,3 <2 ^ '5 9°3n133",2ufln® MCrrtfe9§'a3S00'f oo — 1 r» oo -h n uarc , C5 CO -OWCMMrfC 3 a g : namoAv pus nam qooqos ' gnraiBjj 3ntpnpxa ‘AJepnoaag - OO ^ CO i ! ! namoA\ pus nam ‘a}BiSapo3 i namoAv pnB nam ‘noijBijsraimpB jBjanaQ - oo oo ONicioccion Name of institution and location 3 I £ S 3 1 < -H ^ ■— s p z e if i| < s < « 1 1 l : I 1 “ i 1 1 a. Pi ARKANSAS Agricultural and Mechanical College: Jonesboro 1 Monticello _ Arkansas Polytechnic College, Russellville . . El Dorado Junior College. El Dorado _ H a: s :ps< ! 3 Little Rock Junior College, Little Rock.. . . . 1 See footnotes on p. Table 18A.— FACULTY AND STUDENTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 1.— JUNIOR COLLEGES, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued 176 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Student enrollments Second¬ ary (ex¬ cluding training school) uamo/VV £ i uap\[ 05 Noncolle- giate uamovw S* U9 JAJ N c* Nonresi¬ dent exten¬ sion, colle¬ giate uamoAV d O S U9J\[ o d o 2 U9ui ‘pup AiRppp\[ a 1 o 00 i U9UIOAV puR uam * ( jfioAV aSapoo jo jroA tsag) uamqsajji GO r-< os co i-i d t'- d oo oo co MOiaMrHN (N CO o t cc rti ^ CO occ ■-Z ngraoM pun U9m ‘ig6I ‘mJ9t pRj jo qaaM. pJiqjj - O 00 o CCIOIO O 00 T-* co 00 00 ^ CO OOt^C5Clt^rti rHCO >H 3 00 Summer session, 1931 uaino^Y 00 CO U9JAJ; o Regular session, 1931-32 uauio^Y 3 CO 1 Cl (M CO O (NOOOJOIOOOM Cl ICC CC 00 Cl CO P— d d CO d 1 O Cl Cl coco co 00 CO U9K CO 16 158 102 1, 080 97 657 326 50 327 537 59 913 2, 099 699 Staff Total (re¬ duced to full¬ time basis, exclud¬ ing those em¬ ployed for summer session only) i U9UI0AV S ^ 00 CO CO Cl ^ o lO Cl CO ^ ^ »o Clf-HCO T-ii-l dTt'T-H U9JM s CO ^ 00 05 05 05 CO CO 05 05 Cl Cl r— 1 Cl rtd dOd uaraoAv pun uam ‘qajRasaj paziuRSio o Exten¬ sion U9UIOAV PUR U9m ‘UOISU0')Xa 05 co U9UIOM puR uam ‘aouapuodsajJOQ GO uaunm puR uara ‘IS6I ‘noissas jauimng - Resident in¬ struction, 1931-32 Total, exclud¬ ing dupli¬ cates 1 uamoAV rf cc co d o 05 oc *o co co co r-. d i-H d — Hrt d 1-H U9JAI * CO lO d CO d OOOOOWNrf-050 di—dr-td d r-ld Cl o co U9UIOM pUR U91U qi Suiuir-U Surpnpxa ‘A ooqos :iRpn009g - S : i i : uamoAi puR uara ‘a^RiSapoo eo NHiOiOdCO OOiOCCCOTt^NcOCO COd^diC COr— (COCOr— naraoM puR uaui ‘uouR-usiuimpR iRjauaf) - t-H Tft ^ c0HHiOd^f»O Name of institution and location - CALIFORNIA Antelone Valiev Junior College. Laneaster _ California Polytechnic School, San Luis Obispo J Central Junior College. El Centro ! c |C r d ?i ! c iC I c || | > set II • C ! £ ! 5 k 1 « 1C ,c i.c 1 c > a | £ IE C c 6 c U c fcj c* II |U i . : c rS p - ' !c !i II , c >U Junior College: Bakersfield L ii ; £ i PC Fullerton . a i'ce \2 iC Hollister ,c c c 1 c I & | C .S ! a a ' bi 1 c D< 1 « ' C W Modesto _ _ _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 17 • i • i kC CO ' CO i i i i i i i i i i i t i i i i t i i i t i ' ' ' » ' ■ * * ' « « « 1 Nonresi¬ dent exten¬ sion, colle¬ giate uauiOAV ?> i i i i i i i i i i i i i > i t i i i i i i i i i i ■ t i i i i i i i i r i i l i l l l l i l i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i l l l i i i i i uap\[ n • i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i • t i i i i t i i t i i i i i i l i l l l i l i i i 1 ! 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 uatn ‘pup 9 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 uamoAi pun uaui ‘(jfJOM aSapoo jo icaA uauiqsaij $S uamoM pun uaui TS6I ‘unai rbj J° pjxpj, r* s i is issss !s iss Summer session, 1931 uaiuo^V 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I uaiAT 3 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Regular session, 1931-32 uamoA\. 1 I eo io Staff Total (re¬ duced to full¬ time basis, exclud¬ ing those em¬ ployed for summer session only) i uamoA\. 2 CO uajM a ^ dWiHOHCO-^INWNN^C uamoAi puB uaui ‘qaiBasai paziuBSio o 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 III 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Exten¬ sion uauioAi pun uaui ‘uoisua^xa at 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 uamoAi. puB uaui ‘aouapnodsauoQ 30 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 uaniOAY put? uaui ‘i86T ‘uoissas lauiuing r- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I III . . 1 1 1 Resident in¬ struction, 1931-32 Total, exclud- <*. cates 1 uaraoAV NiOiONINrfiC uajM W5 uamoAi puB uaui pooqos Suiuibjj Suipnpxa ‘AiBpuooag j i j j 1 j i ! i j j 1 j j uaraoM puB uaui ‘ajBiBapoo - «DCNH»OIOH(NNH^«> O O .5-~ o o^"Td g o QJ £J2 2 ° CQ CB o£ ®> 1 EDUC. U9UIOAY o — £ N, 19 30- IS >3 2 U9JA[ Nonoolle- giate uauio^Y *■2 U9M cm Nonresi¬ dent exten¬ sion, colle¬ giate uauiOjVY U9p\[ e w uem ‘HF-ip Xjbji[ij\[ CP U9UIOAV pun uem ‘(jfjo.w aS'aqoo ;o jb9x? jsjij) uouiqsajj oo CO W iO d N O 00 ^ ^H CS OO CO JO CP (M iO HCCCOO rH CP I— 1 u9uioay pun uam ‘tg6T ‘uuaj [jnj jo >[99av pjiqj, 5 227 93 182 101 1,318 147 Summer session, 1931 uamoAV CP o 04 oo 1C U3W 12 O CO CM ||? bJD v « uamoAY ^^^^05^00 t^OOCMOOOO CO OO O N 03 O 05 ^ S ^ S U9JM W Tj< 03 H N CO (N 03 CO-^NOMS £52222122 Tt l j'c >C ) i. 4 « l’l 3 ~ i £ r ; : "c id 1 cc • c. i a if= 1 § il )C 7 c ft 3 h 3 > 3 c ii 0 P > : 5 s : 5 5^ u ; = ) T ) r* ^ c P > a . b 3C : . > c ;-'E j “ 3 si i § Sunflower County Junior College, Moorhead _ MISSOURI Junior College: narnthorovIUo > 2 a J f ;p : _ 3 £ ) Pc P - 0 : g : > . • - 3 c/ 5 c = 3^ •> V 3 ^ IS HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 181 ! 8 i ° 2 100 1 CO 8 100 56 § 2 § iO 4 OOOJCSN ^ O 05 h cc CC HTf to OOGOTf N HCO - t>- CO c* t"» CO uamoAV pm? uaui ‘ipieasaj paziuBSjQ l ^ 1 Exten¬ sion mwwem uamoAv puB uaui ‘uoisuajxg | * I uauiOAv puB uaui ‘aouapuodsojjoj l * uamoAv puB uaui ‘i£6I ‘uoissas leuiiung l co to ^ t-H CO CO ^ GO 1 Resident in- struction- 1931-32 Total, exclud¬ ing dupli¬ cates 1 | uaiuow 1 ! 50 (MrHCOt^C* COOOO^NTf CO HH U3K © oj oococcco>o 00 CO t- CO t- uauiOAv puB uaui ‘jooqos 2uiuibjj 2uipnpxa ‘AiBpuoaag j S j j j j j j j j j j | uaiuoAA. puB uam ‘ajBi2enoo M t^ ! a ! P ! is C iff ■ c I'C 1 P ;g > K ic 2 1 rg !c Hillsboro Houston: NfiBTO a ?'■= • a p- 1 ; p iff San Antonio Temple.. . _ _ _ ... _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 183 § jS5§§3 si illi S3 i I s s 184 X> QJ 3 -t-=> O O m H £ H Q H m Q £ H to O < < oo w ►j « H Q H h5 J O tf H £ O O w << > tf Ph of w O w h-3 O o pH o s b> ei Ph BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Student enrollments Second¬ ary (ex¬ cluding train¬ ing school) uaraoAV | 3 39 19 CO 1 uaw | & 25 34 *o co Nonresidence (noncollegiate) Exten¬ sion uamoAV K 1 TT | U8K g I *0 1 Corre¬ spond¬ ence uaraoAV j £ 1 CM ! uaj\[ N s ; Nonresidence (collegiate) Exten¬ sion uamoM CO W s s ; uapj; W N 1 CO CO CM i CO 1 Corre¬ spond¬ ence uauiOjVl W CM i CM j uaj\[ S 5? ! Hijp uap\[ o i i (qjOAV aSaqoo jo jboA jsjy) uamqsajj uaraoAV pue uap\[ 2 | 05 CO CM 00 00 co co ^ oo co 1861 ‘nnaj hbj jo qaaM pqqj, uamoAv puB uaj\[ 170 95 92 « CM i Sum¬ mer ses¬ sion, 1931 uauiOAV CD 1 i CM 05 uaj\[ 1 00 CO CO CO TtH • Regu¬ lar ses¬ sion, 1931-32 uauiOjW 3 1 O N^rH»C 05 CM 05 00 uap\[ eo 170 55 CO CM 00 o Staff Total (re¬ duced to full¬ time basis, exclud¬ ing those em¬ ployed for sum¬ mer ses¬ sion only) 1 uaraoAV o* i CO 05 O lO uaj\[ =3 1 Tt< 05 CM CM CM 1 . qajBasaj paziuB3JO uamoM puB uaj\[ a Exten¬ sion uoisuajxa uauiOAv puB uaj^ * aouapuodsajjOQ uamoM puB uaj\[ CO | 1861 ‘uoissas jamuing uaraoAV puB uaj\[ " es co Resident in¬ struction, 1931-32 Total exclud¬ ing dupli¬ cates 1 uaraoAV - 1 Tf. rf CON(N uaj\[ CO 05 CM CO O OO jooqos Suiuibjj Suipnjaxa Arepnooas uaraoM pus uaj\[ ^ x-n CM i N i co ^ co^ J ^ J ajBiSaqoo uamoAv puB uai\[ CO CO CO Tt| 05 © uorjGj'jsiuimpB [BianaQ uaraoAV puB uaj/^; o* TT ^ CO TT 00 O Name of institution and location - ALABAMA Marion Institute. Marion ARIZONA Gila College. Thatcher ARKANSAS Central College. Cnnwav C cc a: d b. G f'c :C !« ’§ II i > , « & c \*5 iC Jonesboro Baptist College, Jonesboro . . . - - John E. Brown College, Siloam Springs. . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 185 40 CM i"H CO *0 iO O CM 40 rH CM CM GO iO TjHN«OlN 05 CO I CO 05 »0 r CM CO CO CO CO Tf iC^O'O COOiiOiON CM I Tf CO ^ cr. r-UO N lO Is- 1 CO 1 40 00 05 05 CO 1 KNCO^^IO 1 1 1 1 GO • Tf ^ 1 TjH GO i i GO i i i i o *o CO 1— 1 40 136 67 1,213 30 CM CM CO o ^HNOOCO ' CM iO CM 2 24 Tf • 40 CM 00 3 oo oo O > 40 O r- 1-1 1 CM CM 20 10 ) 05 05 COCOOOiOSrHOOO CM r-H 00 00 CO CO H H O CO CO 3 o SO O O !-» CM TJ« CO l>- |(NCOIO r— ( i »-H CM CM ’“H , lo^oaooc Mcoooas 05^NN05 00 05(NO 40 00 so CM 00 CO KOIOCOCO^OO^ O OO^iOiO *0 ^ o 05 CO <1 r 'S b£ra3 ©rj 52 ^ © I rn P fc£ bX) -2 o 'S ^ ” <5 c O w o 'rt ~ 3 o ^ 3 M1-5 ^ J ®.2 - aJMcC-o-r? 2 ® „ a> 5® ©'5 a r fe S © *-,2 Mca — ®Qh_ ih^S “UglfSgg M g 8^- > © a > ® o n ® .0 o„ 0,9 ’6 Q §> OP, O O1 T3TP C3 c3 rasas CG^ O o 2 O O © UDfl PQ o cn +ro« 33 a . ^ ^ *Q ^ ^ B S ® ^ © § | £ g,a> 2^o® P •’Zj ojo ,c jo? |b®-o ,© 03 bjj ^ o.SS o o s”o 3 « SO 3 T3CG H» Sg^HcS C •-< _, tuO 3 a£.S S *=: i—i ©s o 3 2®5ih o a fi« OOOhh © g o3 ’ See footnotes on p. 193. Part 2.— JUNIOR COLLEGES, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 186 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Student enrollments Second¬ ary (ex¬ cluding train¬ ing- school) namo^w I ! # : cc o5 ?3 oi uapv 22M - Nonresidence (noncollegiate) Exten¬ sion ! j nauio^w i naIV i j Corre¬ spond¬ ence uauio^w. i i uajAT a i Nonresidence (collegiate) Exten¬ sion namo^v 1 # j uajsr CM cm | Corre¬ spond¬ ence namo ,w 1 ** uapi ® i Hup Aintniw U8K 2 00 1 *° i (5JJOAX aSaflOO jo jBaX jsjg) uaraqsajj | nauio.w pus uap\[ 1 2 j ^ o Tf CO ^ CO o Cl X N N C ' ’t *o CO C O . 1861 ‘uuaj iibj jo qaa.vv pjjqj, naraoAv Pub uaj\[ x u- o ifZ 1 O ^ 05 70 76 64 110 187 65 Sum¬ mer ses¬ sion, 1931 nauiOAV CD ■ Tf »o I ^ *0 gS X uaj\[ 3 1 X 1 • CM i | i Regu¬ lar ses¬ sion, 1931-32 narao^v 3 i iX Orf OOCC^OCMCC i iO iCXCONNCO'-'CO^ U8K ! = 00°N 28 53 : ^ Total (re¬ duced to full¬ time basis, exclud¬ ing those em¬ ployed for sum¬ mer ses¬ sion only) * nauiOA\ - l l •** C5’-'CsJtOHlOr-'X r-* i-t r-l CM naw = ccoo CD X CO qajBasaj paziunSJO uamoAv pue uaj-\[ Exten¬ sion U0TSU9JX3 uaraoM puB uap\[ * 99U9pUOdS9 J JO 3 uamoAv puB uaj\[ Q© T86I ‘uoissas jamrang | uamoAi puB uaj\[ ** 1 o © CM Resident in¬ struction, 1931-32 Total exclud¬ ing dupli¬ cates i uamoAi ! - | Tf r-jr-^(MO»OlOjHCCCO uajM ** CO © © — « CM Tt< CM cc • X CM jooqas ^uiujbjj Suipnioxa AjBpnooag uauiOM pus uaj\; CO JO© || i^OOOh ajBigaqoo uaiuo.w puB naj\[ - ONO CM CO © CM CO © © uonnJJsiuimpB jBjauaf) uauiOAv puB uaj/\[ 10 05^ rfN*s£ONCM»0»C!N ® a -w'c g?8?g ~ > oO c Sog HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 187 'tlN^^OOIN ;gs? - ^ cm 10 »o c SK! 1^ 05 O 05 lO t COCONNiON • 109 104 58 O 1 1 • 10 oo i • i cm CM 1 1 • 1 1 1 > CO i 1 CO I 80 00 160 118 216 575 51 s§ i iO i i i i o « Tf »0 i CM CO 00 o 1— — 1 rj< cm r— *0 Tt< CM 20 CM . CO i 1 CM | i i i i i i co 1 Cl CO 1 8 ; ;S ! 00 to 1 1 1 1 40 5§h5chh 05 rt< C5 r^ O CM CO CM ■ CM CO 00 CO CM 05 § ® 3 30 t> 05 CO *-• »-h CM 244 23 1 CO cm ' co i to cm 05 lO I co OJCINCC^C 05 CO Tf< CO 05 CO *0 "Oh(Oh < 1C IIO ‘00 ICO I ' CO :8 co 05 05 05 ^ *o oc CO lO Tt« co CO c o i ® © i_M 'O §~ 0,2 3 & gf^oO®3.^ ® ~°aa“a§ 2 S>°i2 o-g «- -2 ©-£3 2 ® o B!38§j&8 58743—35—13. i © ®x> s a > P fiogi «©' a© o MS 5 MS gjS |»a> 5-2 S>® o, ' a « mc C •- © cs > . Csj CD 'ss 125111 3 -r; o t3 ® s|a g bo ., ^ 73 3 ©a? -5=0 JS§ a| P*u* u£ - 7 ■§ ^ o CO ^ B ® bJO •— < ^© O O ' a ci “!« ■- © >2 "5 o 03 «-'i 3-q^o-S 23,* 3a3|8lila - - ^{SPh® -*-s w w a ffl © 03 <3 3 ©i nooohi. :nh®$3® >£ ® bW> a !Sa.^|g ®>3 ® ■ OQ GO O ►I £ o zS © © ®| o? OQ §> © ©O D . CQffl §S.g CQ-C3 <; a O bj£ o 2 = <«h4 ‘»b °3 2 «H -ss>a ««8 ■§ f- o P^ MO m bo-2 •p-SS. ma „ o SO Os cjJ :2'3 O 03 © CL, o .J Qw. See footnotes on p. 193. 188 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 18A— FACULTY AND STUDENTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2— JUNIOR COLLEGES, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued Student enrollments Second¬ ary (ex¬ cluding train¬ ing school) uaraojvv 1 * CT> 1 CO 1 »o o i ’ i ( i uaj^[ * Nonresidence (noncollegiate) Exten¬ sion uaraOjW 55 uap\[ 1 8 Corre¬ spond¬ ence uamOjVV 1 a uaj\[ Nonresidence (collegiate) Exten¬ sion uamoAi » uaj^ | Si Corre¬ spond¬ ence uamoAY 1 8 uajv o N 1 HUP ^HHK naw | 2 ^ 1 (qjOM aSaqoo jo jnaA jsjtj) uamqsaij U9UI0M puB uay\[ GO ONO-^CON NON05 CO CO 00 00 1861 ‘unaj iibj jo qaaAi pjiqj, uaraoM puB uap\[ H 1-H O to *>• ^ 05 o* h Hr- 1 O* 211 131 200 Sum¬ mer ses¬ sion, 1931 uamQM 1 8 CO CO i CO (M 1 jS uap\[ 1 s 1 iO CO lO i CO • Regu¬ lar ses¬ sion, 1931-32 uamoAV l - 1 HOO^NOO»OH 03 05 CO uaj\[ eo S'0 CO O 1 H In. 1 i • 05 1 Staff Total (re¬ duced to full¬ time basis, exclud¬ ing those em¬ ployed for sum¬ mer ses¬ sion only) 1 uamoAi i - | 05 40 JO CO 00 CO CO GO rH 00 uajAj 1 lOCO^WH^ 0005 . co qaiBasai paziuBSiQ uamoAV pus uap\[ 2 1 Exten¬ sion uoisuajxg uamoAV | puB uay\[ | 05 1 aouapuodsa.no □ uamoAV puB uaj\[ GO 1 I 1861 ‘noissas jamumg uamoM 1 puB uaj/\[ | ** CO oo i i 1 00 Resident in¬ struction, 1931-32 Total exclud¬ ing dupli¬ cates 1 uamoAV | «® 05 CO - 05 O CO H 00 - - uapi | iiOINCUOHCO O 00 ■ CO jooqos Suiuibjj Suipnpxa Ajepuooag uamoAV puB uajAI - 1°* ; j j co i ajBiSanoo uauiOM puB uaj^; 00 ^ 05 OJ 05 co uoijojjsinirapB inaanao uamoAV puB uapv co co CO 00 coco»oco Name of institution and location - MISSISSIPPI All Saints Junior College. Vicksburg 5 ' fl .5 & ' © £ ■ © . b j Cl O O [3 o B © s CD J* u. c3 s Grenada College. Grenada _ c O 3 o ® bt IjS ’o O M u as Pl, O Hillman College, Clinton . . K bj c p C Q > *o w © hi © o O 'S *8 o 03 'S a 1 § ) S - > >.§ M O c « § © 1 '<3 £ 3 £ MISSOURI Central Wesleyan College. Warrenton_ Christian College, Columbia . . ounege, rsevaua _ _ . . . . i Hannibal- La Grange College, Hannibal _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 189 ^88 :s 159 32 §2 8 o°2 8 SwOM^M 40 o co 40 CO 190 CS o 40 l> j 108 78 53 00 00 rH o 00 GO O HHOOlOi^W hhcO O O CS NO fO CS 05 © CO 05 tJ< CO 00 i-H 05 CO COCSCO CS CO 40 ^ t^. »o §5 s > N- H H CO 40 *2 “5 ' IIOOX5N “)h it©-4< i ii>«ot~co >-t »“• • 1— t 1 IIOH 184 o » »o 1 40H0! 1 CS CO cs r-i CS ' o 1 40 1 40 1 N» 1 If-H ^ 1 CS 05 ICO co 1 05 cs i co 1-H l rH 1 rH s§ j ; 1 1 1 1 • 1 00 1 i ^ N- 1 1 i i • i cs i i co co i i i i II II till 1 GO i 140 i l 1 Tfl 1 1 CS 1 1 1 II II 50 ‘z^2 i CS CO 1 09 TI 1 1 CS 1 1 CO i i 1 1 ! 40 ! I 1 i ! 1 II II 1 II II ; 1 co Tt< 1 I40N40’^ lC5H 1 40 ^ 1 1 CO 05 g 05 IHCO iii i 20 40 184 j Sj xho: > cs CO cs t-4 CS ! 40 S> \ 1 XOXHHN40 CO N- 05 CO N- l-H ’frfixo O 40 CO rH C^NCS rf 1 00 1 CO 40 00 lO CO CO CO ^ It>. i CO N H 42 52 1 1 ONW^COO 1 iCSOrH 40 CO T-4 00 40 LQ j 1 00 CS . 1 CS 40 1 1 05 1— 1 • ^ ^ 1 1 OO 40 00 CS TtH o: ^ OO Oi > ^ O CO N IHMH 1 40 H co IHHH 1 H CO H 00 05 CS 1 7 27 4 4 14 CO CO KN-^XN . CO 40 < CO rH cs cs 05 05 ^ Tt< 40C0^05CS^^J ^4 40 05 CO OrHO j 05 05 05 CS TtJ r-l 05 CS ^OOt}<05HXCO«OCONW 'NCOiO WtNCO^NNN CS CO 40 < COOOCON' >O^OOCOCOlOOOOirHt^ )^NCO(NNO»OOXCD 05 CS 05 CO rH*OCOXCOXCO»ONeOr • > ! ° :o \s tn i.3 I © ©!> 5 >» 5 J § ► a o :2« M .. « io-as *■ i_| ►So© |lS“IIo= wm|s°62o biaS *S&&3 a> 3 _ o c3® 1 H ifc MWOgqgocg 1-4 po §Q3 a»ll^ 3 s-< s a 13&S| 5— ™ — in slags: lipii JSio ■1SI iS« > 3 a>- IS|||5 OQ CQ E-1 !> !> !> ,a © w £ a © ■3 °3 _ O O -O C3 a£ Oq o © £3 W 3 Ph o O ci Jh Ql, s > is IS J s ©So g “§al © I* o t> ■PCQWcJ .2 5h4 §?2^.3 S 3 © 2 0~£ot | «-s o I |mi“» 5§ ® ®o g jiHS “ ^Jml 1 ! w 0-3 3^0=2-2 g z b£jgji< ifoSoSg -<1 ©^rt M-O 1m|i|'3| a s'3 1 " SuSMxS, o iil 03 P3 ! - ” tuo a gs§ lao^a 2 ©<3 o 3 s“£J I ® §£ ® 3 v- °0-S m2 O a ©.« >_ 3 3— o .2-1 © a a g ° > 35.2-0.2 ►-5 Ui > ^ <0 0 a> o ©-g^o ©.a a 3^ PhPhPhPhcg Z&L o - a» P p. tuO O bJQ 0 co^^=: l-H Q cn Or-, ;&“? .03^ 03 © ®g See footnotes on p. 193 190 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 T3 05 CO 05 m H £ W Q P H m Q £ < >* H O 00 H Pakt 2— JUNIOR COLLEGES, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued Student enrollments Second¬ ary (ex¬ cluding train¬ ing school) uamojVV | QO (M uaiuoM - -3* CO t- 05 II uajA o (M CO 00 05 CO TJH CO lO (N csj qaanasaj paziunSio uamoAV pun uap\[ 05 Exten¬ sion uoisuajxg; uamo.ii pun ua j\[ GO aanapuodsajioo uamoM pun uapv r* 1861 ‘noissas jaramng uamoAV pun uap\[ ZD oo Resident in¬ struction, 1931-32 Total exclud¬ ing dupli¬ cates i uamoAV ZB i-H ^ ^ u- o uap\[ in oo a C a b a 'c C p c 0 ft a c a C i c 15 * a ; g re a ! \ |C is > 5 cc is 4 >>- U >2 fc jc )_c >‘c 3 C 3 >- i 0 J 1 % J § > 3 r ^ e ? § i 2 a i s > i : 2 ! 1 4 a > pc c t- C a b C C is !i i.1 fl 3 J > 0 sS 3 C OREGON nnlnmhifl TTnivarsitv Pnrt.1n.nH Mount Angel College and Seminary, St. Benedict. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 191 11 40 28 57 20 18 © CO © t*< CM ■^OCQCOCSNN CM CM CM © ^O^hN-h © 00 *-t CO CM co © CM CO CM © © 00 © © © iNO«OiOOOONCO< I CM ^ CM CM CM < § WOC^ NOQOgON^^O S 8 00 © © © f O IOC CO © © -H CO 3 ;® GO ^ —• i © © CO © 1 T*1 © cm © h © © © © oo © © © © ^ i ^ © i ICO *— i 1 © © 1 1 00 »-H 1 CM 1 1 *-H 1 1 1 • • © O i * © CM XN© 1 1 > 1 CM CM 1 1 t» CO © CM 00 • • ii ii ii ■ ii ii CM -h 00 00 © © '** © CM © CO rf< CMCM^tt - CO • ^ © © *-• • *-< i i i CM ii©-^ CO 00 © 1 ' i ii ii CO »— i i i CM N © O CM N ^ »-H © CM i ^ © © © • © ■ CO rH 1 CM :asS88fc O OCN OOC-h!NO ONtJCC( ® < 2 O a ° © „ o E *» 3 Q ® a o'o £Oo o <- H. o|S 2 ©m SqM ill £££ a ~j as a e®-S s § sags 8 !§* ■sgatis C 2 o p-i; 8 ©^.s^3 g.’gO'S'4* 2^§°= S§15S agsal s.~ §§*.§ .2 g © - ■S„0 S O 2 •- © i w C © o £ o m_H o W.S: fl5 © Sfc* ^i: -<= ® © 3 © s S x S v' a w ~ o , > es n h 2. o -Sjx:Oc3oC£3 ..^ > © s ,? ra „ s gSS-3 |II^Jra|o I§1* § £& “•SSs>fe"ag g'l.-^’slS |8 &s Of,g a §|o ppa^l gog g-l°?g - §=®£°^oS^§b^ostr’o ! ®o. | ^.2|O^S oomo oo| a u g fe| s2 ag 05.2U M a flO B c oriD « So 3— C.S 2 >, £ © a--„^«2 p^”® C ®s C |5S H § *■§ I e ® o ® ,E2 ^5 S ^.2 flrjn mm mSS , iag s’® hs ;soo ; Vi vj S' i J S S ^ ~ - S 3S O 3 « «-2 g® § S --g 2 © ©* ® ® ® ® See footnotes on p. 193. 192 o» a o O (N CO I i— i CO os £ p A & H GO Q £ H P p O c PR I < oo H T3 Q a D I Q W h5 o « h z o o w H H > 3 Ph CO w o w h5 h3 O O « o 3 to 5 £ M ce ! § D^£ 1 C ru 3 . 1 £ > (A 1 c 1 a » £ 6 VIRGINIA Averett College. Danville £ J M c CC 5 d is u \S ; IS . c o'c jC * £ P C • a !l Iff 1 1 cS :> [g Is ice a Iff ? a ' ! « c £ i i : Iff i : | J ct |S 1= . c ir o'- i i_ : c I E iff ! c _c 1 - is 1 ! c ! S ! > 1 a rC 0 , ! b, i a i ^ !C 1 - 1 c cc C iJb itt 1 ' [c f V. O'C la I S i5 l§ II 5 ioa Virginia Intermont College, Bristol . . . HIGHER INTITUTSION S 193 § 3 US » g ® ** ©•« 03 » Oh 5? ® £ 3 ■~ > © So z o o M o § ® 8m H *2 GO 3 © ro w Pi £ S a73 3 194 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 m O O W Q O g A O « £ O O N o 13 PQ & Ph GO O O W o CQ £ o ,2^§0 a'gg'S SPti ° £& t» o . *» a o 55 X< **" t: " © g bc.2' !fl» i K « Other saaoSaa CO N 8 CO to to 00 00 to to to „ rHlO COrHCO CO ^ CM CM CO CO O > CM 0 CMhhoo 1 CO _ CO .0 s;u8pn;g IS CM CO CO CO CM 00 CM to ^ T* 05 CO CO Tt< 00 CO to co 00 00 to CM 8^2 co O CO CM INCM*^ rH GO 05 CM I'tON COw nrji 1 CM f-H CM Phar¬ macy S99J38Q[ N co CO CO CO § i” co CM to s^napnig W Tf< CO 1 to § co 74 746 "98 O 05 to Nurs¬ ing S88I29Q s IN- i j • sjuapnis CO 3 8 •CM i ^ OO CM 00 05 Medicine saaiSaa; J5 CO to ^ to to to 05 1 CO 1 001 L\Z O CO to 00 00 s^uapnig CD IN- O 198 288 1 1 214 ^ 1 to 1 1 ’H co to to M rt< CO 8 CO CO CM Law saaoSaa O CO to rH U- ft 05 CM CO CM CO O Tf CO 05 CO 32 23 8 s;uepn;g 3 ozz 00 to 1-H CO CO 3 1 co 05 co co 00 8S a 127 104 54 Home eco¬ nomics saaiSaa; CO »ON 0 i-h 1 n CM i CO 12 27 CM CM CM to 1 to ^ CM 1 CO l • CM t ffjuapnjg CM 00 0 co co 0 to 00 1 ^ -H 1 10 r-» . CM 54 208 00 CO 139 “1 s CM 1 ^ 05 519. ! Engineer¬ ing saaiSaQ s WN ^ OtOiHfNN CO ^ 05 CM to CO 00 CO 'TjH 10 CM 05 00 0 M 1 O M O tO CM 1 CO 05 CO CO 1 to CM 1“» 103 71 20 sjuepnjg O CO 05 CM © Tf rHlOO 00 CM 292 1, 104 278 621 747 05 0 ^ M to CO CO 64 67 277 151 1,677 2,840 1,616 441 924 co to CO © In Den¬ tistry saaiSaa 05 £5 CO CO to co co CO s;uapn;g GO CO CO 1 05 00 CO CO R to Com¬ merce and business saaiSaa; r- to rt< CM co co CM CO 05 to ^ Tt< 00 8 CO 05 H cm co s^uapnig CD 00 O) CO 05 HN CO s to 1 CM 8 S3 © *3 !§§o ofil§stssog&§l&Pi5 s:=s- * rniversity of Louisville. HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 195 O © CO 1 CO co 1 cm r- 1 ^ 888 2 rs rH I IO tO I'- - TN ^ r ;3 ~ ■*« O CM rH CO *8s £ CO 1 CO CM CM 1 CM O 0 to CM to rH HlO^rH^ CO © 8 lO 1 CM lO 1 CM rH l O £ SSo H 10^ CO CO 05 rH CM co 00 co tON CM CM S”8S 8 MO00OCOO05N^ 88 CO ^ 00 05 CM © 00 © to © 00 ^ COCONrl © 8 CM 8 Tt< CO CM CO • 1 05 Tti 00 rH rH CM CO CO CM © CM CO 8 § CO O Nr N* 8 : O to 00 r^ O 00 0 to 28 8 ! 1 } to CM [ ; ; CM 00 05 88 8 CO Tt< 8 8 1 O 10 CO CO 10 Tf 05 88 00 CO 8 CM 05 co © 1 © © • © § § CO r - CO co © 888 CO to to 0 8 to co to 8 CM CO CO 1 CM CO 1 © CM < CM 1 © CO CM ^ N- 05 05 rH CM CM CO rH CO CM 8 co 00 © 1 rH Nr 1 CO 1 © S 10 CO S O CM tO CM CO CO N* Tjn CO Tt< CO N> 05 CO § © 1 00 8 ;s 8 O CO 00 0 00 0 1 Nr 00 H CO O N rH 8 to rH rH 00 0 CO to 1 1-H CO 1 © rH CO CM rH O O © CM 10 rH C5 CO CO £- 1 CO 05 1 rH Tt< l © CM CM to 8^°° 8 CO X 00 CM O 00 8 to 1 © © 1 CM CO 1 Tt< CO CO rH 82P 0 00 rH © CO CM O ^ 82 lOHCMCOOiO^O H05HNN CO rH rH ^ CM rH tO^CONOniON 05 CO tO 00 CO W h rfi CM CO 05 88 8 CM 05 CM CM rH co Tt< r> N rH $M S 8 * q 181 614 CO 05 © 00 © CO CM CO 10 CO rH CO CO^©t^t^CM00© Hr^lCOCO^OO CO CO CO CM CO O CM rH CM" rH tPH00COCMO5^00 CO CO O 05 CM to N» t^CM ^ 40 rH rH rH CO CO co to to CM O O 05 CO rH § CO S88 CM rH CO to eg to NON © © ^ CM © CO tO 05 00 CO 8 to to CM 88 CM CM CO CO 8 © O 05 to n- CO rf< rH 00 to co CO rH 8 CM CO CM O rH CM tONO NhO CM ^ 00 N- tO © © rH © Nr O CM 05 tO CO 05 rH © 00 05 28 CM 00 05 05 0 CM 00 05 IN Nr rf CO rH CO CO rH CO tO rH tO CO cm" ^ rH tO co rH^Tt to to CM N © 00 © to © Tt< CM CO CM O rH «s IO 1 IO CO 1 00 0 00 ^ O CO CO rH rH 00 CO CO CO © ICO 1 CM CM © CM N- 1 © 1 CM CM rH N CM rH CO^ O CM CM © rH CM Nr 1 CO CO 1 CO ^ 1 Tt« 05 TN CO rH CO CO to 00 CO 00 Jo § to 00 CM >x 00 N- 1 © iOONOh © 1 ^ 1 ©CO CM © ©00 CM O rH IO 8 rf rf CO to 05 CO co 82 CO Tf CM to © co N'tWCO^tOHHHN^OHCOOO ^ ^4 O g ^ 00 ^ 00 CO ^ to CM CO to iO CO h«ON © Tf 05 IO rH CO i> CM cm" 05 55 Nr 0 CO CM CO rH N« 05 rH co to to CM Tt>< 0 ’m "g * ~ >. o 5s a 'o'S .gal;-g.g &>•§&“" 0 oH gor 9 a .2 g § c3 S T3 C e3 i ■g-c-gs ■5 $ E S m J4 oj § o o *5 ,2 gSSa-Sws&SS .a a oH 03 'O •g aj 5l © & M o S’©® fe-Sosgo . C3 — ■ 1 CD 1— 3 Q O CC r— \ r-H C3 0 ^.2o 2 g£ ® b'gjOgfi r2 ® 5^ 2s _ o _. 05 bo >>S S3 o 20 05„ > 03 g-3 m ce w C3 o ■3 05 ppMmPPPPoqqSSpp£ppSKpPP££:z;pEH:z;P<;£p:z;pSoopppoopoppptfo See footnotes on p. 197. 196 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 cd rn rr O n d s 2= 2.3 a Ui C3 ^ "§ C3 oB Other soaiSea - n o CM CO j 00 00 © © © rH | CM „ CO • i 1 | s;uapn;g N N , © © © © rH rH CM CM rH © CO 55 || i 03 ® af : JSESci* -.JflMaaiWiISl! l!""£t!llli£!'s!lEl lllltd* s > 2 rt > > io.i3.l35 0,2 3 '3 »£p£pP 198 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 19.— STUDENTS AND DEGREES IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2.— PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED Other seaiSaa W5 e* CO CO 05 s^uepnjg N 00 us Theology S99J§9Q eo n 3 us CM sjuapn^g w O CO us 05 CM ^ CO H us O O CO Phar¬ macy S99J39Q; N CO S5U9pn?s O Ol s Nurs¬ ing S09X§9Q s^ugpnig 2 us o Medi¬ cine S99J39Q £ CM CO CO siuepnig 2 00 00 § Law S99J§9Q[ US (M CM Tt< cm §5° CM O CO 05 00 oo us CM t- sijuapnig JO us cm O — 1 CM O US rH US CM us S3 OX^CMCO Home eco¬ nomics S99J29(X - s?ngpn?g Engineer¬ ing S99JS9Q - o CO CM *-t CM CO s^ngprug 2 CO CO CO • co < CO Den¬ tistry S99jS9a - o CO “co s?uapn;g ! 00 Tt< s CO Com¬ merce and business S99J29Q - CM CM 2S s?u9pn?g c® us O 00 rH N CM 00 05 N Agricul¬ ture S99J29Q us sjugpn^g - Education S99J29Q eo s?u9pnjg N CO CO Institution - ARKANSAS Arkansas Taw Snhnol i> 1! ii ik > ¥ !~C IpC i c ice CALIFORNIA Rp.rkfilp.v Bant.ist Divinitv Snhnnl > 1 b ; c !| 1^ ;c f| ii ii Id c £ ofL ! i’c ! > i3 C 'i 1 1 a * & • c > c2 1 > ii ;§ lc ! a -j <6 cr C c a t. II ?I lc Ofi i:s ii > c » <£ . : o 1 0 i ! 1 1 j S - ii i « 1 «! ;c i! -j Es ! C 1 ® ij lc 1 0 = i « ; s > c 6 i a: u S C C a - 1-2 £ L " ?pc 1 CC c s bl ! o < is jj s 0 c :< |c i'¬ ll ui: a a , > : c ci— 1 eS 'c > W ! & » C5 W : c Cj IjS ! c ;C 1 a bi 1 ■j 1 c is ij 1 .s £ ; c C •l :i :! > 3 c i a - t- ,c i c ii , w , c Ofl II > a iS 1*3 aa Ipu ! > II II CO 00 :Ph CO San Franoisuo Law Snhool > - c 1 CO il II £ £ IjC > c ■ £ K 0 r. ife i a aa ICQ | \> L : c ; c 11 is £ 12 c ICC ! ; > iw I o || i co c c OS ! cl (S CO o 1 > ! > a ! ® |u ee 12 c: 'CO : c >> is > 'S £ University of Southern California . . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 199 CO es 05 CM CO ^ ^05 ^ CO 40 CO CM 13 14 05 I 05 SI ? 05 DC CO 00 CM 40 § lO CM O 1 40 1 i2 40 co oo co r-» co 00 HOC5 lO co -H CO 00 co »o co § oo oc 40 °fj 2 CO CO CO CM 05 Tf 00 CO o oo CO CO 3 CM 40 CM 05 40 CM — < CO S i s 40 05 s CO Tf. Tf* to CO 40 40 CO 40 CM C5 00 o o 888 CM CO CM t-- ^^MCCNhO t>- ^ y-* fHCOWCOHlON *-H t>- f-H HH CO CO co 05 CO § 05 00 316 40 362 512 825 61 1,099 369 39 45 158 s CM CM 05 32 8 o CO 40 CO CM 05 CM CO CO g CO co CO CM CO CO co CM CO CO CM 00 CM CO CM 05 TT1 © CO CM 40 fi CM CM 8 CO • , CM oo 8 CM o >: ’'f 40 H > s a > c: 0 1 a r; c I ! i ) > 5 c | > S-2 „.c'a 5^§ 3 Q © . fcf P>> ^ ® s- iS eo • 2o«f, >> © fig >>'.2 © © © o © © KOtU^ S g m £ ■go .oO s ^ ! >»C o >»Sp . -^> CO « S o §-•- ^ ES|tt'ggsg >cgj£>o gfiag'S £g fi § &£PP-S "ii.s^Tj © g3 •— « c © © c .5 O E5 fcfl b£ C3 q r; 55 o o ^'-2 2 © o © © O © ® QQOOE^^ Ss S gl gs o = S| 5 02 o 5 Cfi ■SH X oQ © ■§>£'g>£ "§ B "o "2 K*» >> © ^ sgd .2 © o _ 3 W © I-CM"© bSo •3 >> © §S.S ‘So a s °'3 © O Bed E-1 a o ©m^,^ § if'-S © 0£ CQ ll£ H^Cd.S © ©-g - j s _ . . S^5§B O B J >& > B^'fl figfi >>3 & 3 ©' « S5-S g'gf E 8 .2 fc.2 © ©.c •5 ®*J ^.x: OjC >H JOxa fl ©u;-g 3§«oi3^^1 i-B^ooooo'Pa’S E 3 ©X!^33X:J3 O © > Oh tf Ph Ph BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Other saajgaa U5 W CO co CO CO 05 » 37 = ? CO I s;uepn;g N 13 121 r n 1,011 CO O* CO CO ^ cs S • 1 « 1 1 Theology saajgaa eo N *C CO § »o 3 eo was s^uapnig N CO 8 r-H CO 05 CO Phar¬ macy saajgaa CO CO S' 53 s;uapnig 8 i 2 ^ o Nurs¬ ing saajgaa e* s^uapnig ao 05 Medi¬ cine saajgaa s 00 CO siuapnjg CO o 05 1 o Law saajgaa © 00 »o CO 1 £ CO CO cs s?uapn;g 3 Tt« CC CO CO IO o 8 8 s S8 53 Home eco¬ nomics saajgaa eo s^uapnjg N Engineer¬ ing saajgaa s a s *-< O CD s^uapnig o i CO 8 05 00 o ^ f-H Den¬ tistry saajgaa 05 s s^uapn^g 00 cs -V © Com¬ merce and business saajgaa r- 1 § lO CO CO s^uapnig CO o © »o 8 CO L- Cl 05 a CO Agricul¬ ture saajgaa siuepnig Education saajgaa eo $ s CO s^uapnig N CO *0 8 8 CO Institution - Illinois— continued Garrett, Rihlieal Institute > £ ! > l’E !- I c II i 2 i£ ! c/: ! c B John Marshall Law School i ) t i l ! « il ! c |C x c Lewis Institute > ij ' 3 it 1 OC ! C '1 C c .c c GC *5 c >1 il >,c :fr |a : > IS > > ) ^ il D.£ : c F 1 c £ | K : c. : & IrC '1 > ce c E cc *5 c >c : c us ie ii ' c !o II rJ ; 1 1 i i> il 11 ■i 11 ; § lc It !| I’m Ph i 1 ! 1 o a p. \s !c II : c is a£ iPh 'm i.4 >2 'U ! c u> ' ^ ,'3 it INDIANA Beniamin Harrison Law School j ! 1 1 1 '7 4 1 > It >r4 la ffl > ' 4 I > >'E IS il I a .0 Indiana Law School. __ > e cc E a JZ P- C « tj 1 c !U I c 1 C .2 •3 8 * i I i i > 4 - i- | c >U ; > \'6 — a - 1 4 i~ pc i.£ I c j: > 4 | 4 1 > 1C 1 4 I c ■03 1 > 1 1 1 ;> ji • ?■ >> » C :i :S <£ = - P O i — : c \Z * c i > || rs it i i 1 > J‘5 1 > ■’3 it > o X i*3 i Q > IOWA Des Moines Still College of Osteonathv \ t u 11 £ ! c » a bi cc ! C iO i c/: c 1 fl ; c IS 12 ,0 I 1 1 1 1) 1 > 77. 4 1 > I ’3 it p 4 C £ \P \ c il 1 _> 1 Wartburg Theological Seminary. . . . tfiGHER INSTITUTIONS 201 a CO ic CO 00 o s 001 ot cm S 8 N CO 05 CO to CO -H CO CO o » CO CM 05 oo 00 00 CM 888 8 COOh t"- t» 05 CO 3 8 Sg|S|^ O oo CO o CO 8 CO CO 05 ^ (M CO »-« § s co CM IO 8 IO cm 8 s rc CM 00 IO IO CO CO cm CO »o ^ CM as o CO CM IO ON CM 00 00 CO lO O i-H CO CM CM 8S iO 05 IO N- -H CO CO T-H CO Q 8 8 00 CO ro CO rr CO 82 iO 8 iO 05 CO s CM io *o CM IO s KS CO CO S 00 »o CM 8 CM 8 53 § 8 5 s 05 8 1 8 05 CO 8 CO rc 5 O CO CM CO CO 1 Tt< »o ei 00 N 05 1 KANSAS ■Rftthanv College > C E 9 DC | 5 _c c 9 J= E- .1 • PC ! > l Z j | \U » 1 1 j o > > > ■ b 3 G £ ) K >1 II 1 la d d “> & £ % ■ : c ,c £ !> il ia i » i •1 ! E > £ ■>% i & I : ICC 1 ll !c !£ ' - II ii tH w u & H z M w 9 D 2 ! « ! J= i £ 1 2 ; tu 1 « ' § Jefferson School of Law _ _ _ __ _ _ _ > a d E d J3 1 C !§ « io « ! £ ••j > s c e - CO 1 s > c 1 N 1 c - rl £ •CLh 1 c • *> 1 oc 1 "3 c w 1 9 j > >2 - ! > 1 c IP c c j E 1 E la > c S 9 CO ’S 9 '3 c c 9 lEH « j§ li ll 1a : '1 . > '5 1 53 ' eS C 1 > ; 3 d C rt V. C ►5 c >> i'y 3 ■ > ip il ! 2 > i 3 52 1 2 .£ 1 B E a i K t J i ti I £ c i a; l j= 1 E-1 1 S i d K a z !• 3 1 « > ! 2 9 ' S J 1 5 b i 1 M : c c w \ § 1 > fe c E - ,a i’S - *5 c : 9 - 1^ [1 I'l K ! G MASSACHUSETTS Andover Newton Theological School j j 9 1 9 bi « 'c ;C ■ c 1 c 1 K > 'z 0 9 I’E >p 1 c c ■/. z Ifi c c •c c: a "5 ?i c IS — aS ii II R c 1 i T3 § lu i c 1 > c 1 « hi *3 id ^ G § . c IO 1 ! 0 1 > y. » G ?> 'ffi S ^9 c C < d N 1 1 ^-S 1 c2 : C 1 ^ > J3 d P : c 1 9 il ; c ! a G il il 1 3 i’S !fl :S !S li if P- ! c • a j b j- . C C a i zr 1 Z ! p 1 > 9 j E ic • 9 iE-i : c > « 1 i z IpC p ! g !S 0 1 ,a :1 : ^ c il lR iE-1 t i = io ! & iz j i 1 > o£ 3 i > >— ! C ii pC » c ifc il - 9 ia ;& ' i~ i| > u - Z E a a r c a c ‘a c c II jl s y* 1 e || ia Suffolk Law School l £ Ic |G 1-2 [ <— < N Worcester Polytechnic Institute . . See footnotes on p. 207. Table 19.— STUDENTS AND DEGREES IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2 —PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 202 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Other sooiSaa S 00 *o s CM co ^ CO siuapnjg N os lO co ^ CO 00 »o r- oo OC CO co „ CO TJ* Theology S90J39Q eo w P- S CO CO CM CO CM i j STaapnig N cm 3 CO CO O OS CO »o 2 CM o oo CO co »o IO 00 1 L- i Phar¬ macy S99J39Q cm oo OS CM s s^uapn^g § s Cs o co 8 Nurs¬ ing saajSaa OS r-< L- s?uapn?g CO 00 os CM -r CM CM Medi¬ cine S98j3aa G O CM O OS sjaapnig CO 83 io co Law S99J29Q I § 00 CO CM CO O CO r— CM CO sin9pn;g 3 CO § - 23 »o CO CO CO CO °° S Home eco¬ nomics S99J30Q CO s^napn^g w Engineer¬ ing S99J39Q a CM co siuapn^g o o CO s OS co I - Den¬ tistry S99J39(I OS *o co *o ‘O CO sjuapn^g oo CM 3 CM •— o CO — < CM CM Com¬ merce and business S99J29(J r* os CM Og OS siuapwjg o 1C co g> s o co 00 CM Agricul¬ ture S99J39Q - s^napn^g - Education S99J39Q CO siuapnig - FH Institution - MICHIGAN Calvin Cnllp.p-p. > b c p pC L e c a ! p o+f > P ) >- i'| s - p g > is 1 a ig >‘a Is ] 2 > p ■ - !E 3E It ) 0 ) ) > j.t: 3 C ! -fc 1(2 h > > S.t: i’E It > c i a a > a >"£ ;j ?E" > P > z \ 'v. !£ MINNESOTA Bethel Tnstitnt.fi ce i j c « , i. |jS 1C > cc p E . a 12 is i'c ;a >E- o a !-C || is i >— i c > a ; i. !* be >C Is 1 c ' c - ' ^ c ! C !£ 1 1 :> p-g i a > C/I ri l C iM ■1 i c ;g i « ’ c iC ! = !£ ia ! 1 t a ?.£ ii ICC I'e 1 et iA- !a c c ,G •_ cc ?► ! c i > it i> 1 e IX, ■ c 0 bi c iO I’g i a i a lO a; L 0 as 0 p 02 > 5 pc ’ a '1 c U j > o ! > fc l! ; e 'i '! '.s I'D C - 1 c C il 1 G i! !1 I C i iS 1 a « 'C! 1 w > E Cj 1 'C p c2 > P c >-2 K |o 1 = » C tu r2 ; c LC ; > :o 1 G c9 w Kansas City College of Pharmacy and Natural 1 Sciences 3 o 'o c X c t/J > |o 1 S x c - M a b c C il |p ! p s :| »> c cc p R » D ) > ) 1 1 [ :> ' c2 : c ,6 i c ><« i © £ 1 CJ > I b a TZ 0 cd > "S p c a. c c > a | « i a i5 ) ! 0 i i i I i ! § - iu t! c c i & ■ a « I'D G 13 > O - E pC Ph ?c 1 a CJ 'c ;C c n i! 3 M c « ; g 't | m ■3 0 It! CO Washington University _ _ _ _ 1 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 203 2 CO CM CO O N 2 11 « to »o cm ? 00 N CO N o o co i-TS CM o lO o oc co CM ^ 05 CO CO 00 • c5 lO CM CD 2 CO $ § CM i CO' CM CM 1 CO CM 2 CM CC o CM CO s tS 5- fl CM o CM 00 > i w tH > p> F. #e •> c c ) > > u 3 a a ■> i J ai Coll, and Flower c > r g a 1-3 i a S D'So c.2 - 3 >>2 •2 © "w c1 stsi ins III! = « CO — i c^co a ii.Sg* , a !i5a)'S>;|£* •2S* !s| ®« Om.2 <5 »•- ® a fe & •a. > >. b= c 1*1 CO*" a cs OuT >» >>! wr7- zz: co co © o. - ^b P c © ' _ ► 2 S2 5 o ! O g jftg > 2-2 ®®o 2 ®| Ooh|>SS © go - oQ c p c a> £ H“ t^PP 8 E^SiH-2 !>5!oS,5(P IB'S S :ob ; tn © ©•£ '£ s ® E«!il"5|§«SS23ig s! Ig^ §*| * gc * S3£5sOOO®OHO^OOif® ^fCOOOOOQfcOH^PPSfc b> ■Sis I CO ®"3.c ■3-g-g‘S § g®j2 g!C ® & s^X3 l-M © ® o G O >1 M -- >- ® C ©S 33 C O gfiO -£ © ® Sf S ~v> 5s ® (?«« oca © a >«“-S gascr © *“ 5 33 2 |nm£ ® 58743 — 34 - 14 See footnotes on p. 207. 204 BIENNIAL SUBVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 19.— STUDENTS AND DEGREES IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2 —PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued Other saaiSaa us N ! S O 8 ;5 8 CM s}uapn?g SS !8 r>- CM 05 CO CO i O i 05 t'*. r>. co g CO Theology saajSaa eo N CM oo ; r US 00 00 cs 3 s s^uapn^g w N s CM 150 20 O O US £ 05 05 05 CO US h o 00 Oa us Phar¬ macy saaa3aa N i U- 1 O CM r}i S 00 CO 8 s^uapnig 8 l CO s 00 us 8 Nurs¬ ing saaiSoQ 05 US 00 siuapn^g GO O 05 00 N us Medi¬ cine saarSaQ 05 us 00 us CO rH US siuapn^g o i-H O TT CM CM i-H So § j§ 05 US 05 M3 CM Law saaiSaa us 00 ^ 05 CO CM CO US co oo 8 us ^ CM CM CO siuapnig 3 Z8I 601 18* ‘I 05 CM CO CO CO g IS SS Home eco¬ nomics saaiSaQ eo 05 CM s^uapnjg w Engineer¬ ing saaiSaQ 3 CO co CO CO 00 S3 s^uapnig o CM »“H co cm CM § US X 3 Den¬ tistry saaiSaa 05 05 CO siuapn^g GO CO us Com¬ merce and business saaoSaQ § us CO sjuaprrjg CO us oc 00 CO CM Agricul¬ ture saaoSaQ US sjuapn^g CO 00 Education saajSaQ co CM N CO 14 8 106 sjuapnig N 00 CM CO us 312 24 1,574 Institution - new york— continued St. Lawrence University _ Syracuse University.. _ Union University.. _ Union Theological Seminary. _ _ . University of Buffalo _ _ _ . University of Rochester _ _ _ NORTH CAROLINA DukeUniversity - Johnson C. Smith University _ Wake Forest College _ _ OHIO Bonebrake Theological Seminary _ _ Capital University _ Case School of Applied Science _ _ Central Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church _ .. Cincinnati College of Pharmacy _ _ Cleveland Law School _ _ Hebrew Union College.. _ _ ... ... .... Heidelburg College _ Kenyon College _ Mount St. Mary Seminary of the West... _ . Oberlin College _ _ _ Ohio Northern University _ .... St. Charles Seminary _ _ St. Johns University _ University of Dayton _ _ .. Western Reserve University _ _ _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 205 CM 162 00 ;8 05 1 10 8 |8 i 40 »o CO Sr ' CO I CM 1-H 1-t ^ 0 0 co 00 co 8 CM O 3S 00 Tj< 05 40 88 8 IO CO CM rH 82 £ CM 05 00 CM 05 § 1 254 34 _ 1 co CO 00 s CO 00 ^ r>- Tt< CO 40 00 8 • 1 1 1 1 1 Tf 10 40 1 g 8 55 co 05 S§3 CO CO ^ co 10 CM T* i-H 28 cm" 05 CO 00 88 452 1,011 228 O 40 8 05 CM OOO co CM CM 8 40 IS O ^8S 3 CO CM 8 O 40 CM CM CM 40 40 T-H s 00 ^§8 CO 40 CO 05 CO CO CO 2,089 768 363 00 60 CO CO rr 10 CM 05 CO CM CM CO CO 88 CM Tf 305 224 CM CO CM 00 CM CO 05 CO JO 05 CO SI © A a Hi? c3 >.« "1° I^.-S H W 7} Safe «s > 33n OAh£> M > 2§ 0-3 o © > o°a © o[b 3 .3 O & °® 0,3 3*» © o a 3 ® h >> ^ ® 8 “'S3 OW-§ tvc© w*£ ® 33 ® ° -Wr-H © OQ© o ’55 .©O a i a 3 © » ;.S 8-3“ t»g *2§S“ Sfe^ag g g S’a o .H.S 03 © ® ii^og 1 03 03 © -I •« ® mEh & > £? >>3 W ,JD P 60 12 o © aPo- ot>ssi «£'■£ « !S°-s'afHiH 0-®OL(0 >0 0rtrt5bpQl3Q ffS 2 ® 2 '-' .2 -o .- ■ ~ m r?’-1 '•'' h m , , ■''a”'"Sflda®®6c<1) lll^illl >34 p®5)5-2 ~ ^ ° ?>e®o z 2 iP £.-lm 3 G © 3 03 "o £■«.& C 3 aC'Jj'J ,5 a a5+j ® • r 3 ©^ PPBOOOfiQfiflWiStS^^rfSSMSwoRme^ £S,2.§;§ OOQfl| m to J fl a !_. !_ O J- g ffi © a © ? .s.&is m a a 3 33^,? See footnotes on p. 207. Table 19.— STUDENTS AND DEGREES IN PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, 1931-32— Continued Part 1.— PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued 206 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Other S99J39(3 U?> W • iO II II h iO iii CO ^ » i i 0 i 00 1 1 1 Medi¬ cine S99J39Q r* || > • c II II o 1 18 ! co I 1 sjugpnjg o i i : 1 1 C II 1 1 T- II II 0 1 05 1 lo 1 1 ■H 1 rH l CO 1 • 1 III IIII Law S99J39Q M5 CS 00 1 1 05 ' CO 1 CO i i cs . *— ( i r>. ii ii io co i i *— 1 i-H 1 1 1 > s^ugpn^g 2 1 - 1 00 Hi 05 CO 1 CO ! \ !<3 cs co i i o i i • i Home eco¬ nomics S99J39Q 2 sjugpnjg iii iiii Engineer¬ ing S99J39Q - i i oo i i i i co l l r— i 1 1 1 1 *C !2 ! ! ! siuapn^g CS 1 1 1 i i CS i i i i cs 1 I’f I 1 1 1 CO I 1 rH 1 1 1 1 co O i ' i CS 1 1 1 • CS ■ a 1 i i i i i i Den¬ tistry S99J39Q - ! • i i a 4 ! ) 1 22 ! ! II 1 CS 1 1 1 cs s^uepnig 00 | i i5 » i i is i i ! ! ! S Com¬ merce and business S99J39Q iiii co IIII CO IIII sjugpnjg CO M s Agricul¬ ture S99jS9a us sjugpnjg - Education S99J39Q e© iiii N iiii co iiii sjugpnig - i i is i i iiii N iiii co iiii Institution HODE ISLAND 3 of Pharmacy and Science . < ; £ : ij ■ g : < > o ; w ; 3 ! .1 Southern Seminary . . TENNESSEE of Law . . sity- . . . . )llege . . ith... . ;y - - - . TEXAS Theological Seminary . ical College, . . . . university. . . af Law _ >t Theological Seminary. . . . e. _ _ _ _ _ UTAH 'versity . >.3 a> ® o r ? ® 0 3 3 o-jZ ?'Sa, ‘ o o ® « eS e3 * T >>•! IO& Sill’S >> ® '« iox® i oP3Q H te+j a> w-s -3 § 3g § S ® cs j 1=5 2 a ■is a to ^ o g C/2 cij $ H H H X HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 207 cm © §5 £5? 0*0 t£00 ■oS, jS be o ® CO -8Sg S 0X3 to ® _ o X3 o X) 305 •g.O’O 111 £ I' “R3o tiiaoo “ “ Q® SS ® o.SSS'3 £ ® 2 § “ o c® 2 “ o£ raQp3-<[x - 00 £ 2 P OT CO >0 OT o a o ® ■3 2 2 sSi 5aS §SiS 'S’E ° 28 1 CO,— © . - o .POO 60 Q} t»gfl g ®« fe 5PAC 38® S ©f'§ \r cn p 8 &.S ®® g tori «c® ill . •3 yifi I .fsjii o33fi“73 ® * M rj ®. d ^2 - CO p . - 03 CO CO _ 208 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 ff CO ^ © O © CO br 00 ® CO ^ p »0 © CM ^ cm 2 w- co TJ ® c X5 © 8 ^ O g> .233 ” b fl - d © cfl © "O u* 3 3 fcj 3 o 2 « "-*g a S&'g o c3 oB 2 ©£! co 3 ■s 3 .28 8 p kO . © O CM T3 co ~ co « Z,t3 3.2 ® a -ss 3 3 fe »E © § ©8 3-§ - 3_” to oo O _co © jS -3 t3“3 M rrt s >-® •S +5 © 5 55 > 6 Iff 5 s a © w ® o 8 .2 »-« CO tuo a !■§ a cm' © © P 3 w w 2^ 8 8 bfl © CM CO CO bfl © si ~8 OS si ftsj 33 ® C3 Q, U) o ® 8 3 ’3 3 3 3 3 © ti © © >-. 3 bO ® ,-T 3 co z 2 •S 3 3 © © 3 3 • 3 CO CO ^ „ © © o &8 g/S'S 8oS >. £ 3^ b ^ as a ^ - rl © © © r— 1 rM © ^ «T P,’H5 CO — P c5 g 8 ® s^s- © fo fc* 3 00 bljjS © 2 © ®3> .33© «> S^-S-S CO CO © +J • - - 3 3 .^-§-§'§i2C° ^ 3 3 -S SR to to ® “3 s *« ^2 3 §3 0*2* -2 - jot:S o :-8 *S3S as I’ *S 1«1S ££ I-;.. W'd c3 CJ'ro'O ©_2 . r2 O © ^ •*-* rOfU— . bfi b£ >> © ©.^ 3 w £pPrP'P 00 © 2 - - « ® 'S ,Q p o R © .^ <2 P! *"“* ^3 ^ to "o ^ a _ “ ^ . ce >» a ®gsaS5'Sfj2,g ~ T5 'P P3 £1

> P00 Tj5 _ O co *— < *P © °.2 2 8 cogbD £ 3I3 g1 3 ° rh • ^ JB'22 ^o? “ § co ©^ 111 l§ ;3d ■o’S iH £3 " CO “ © ® 8 -g £ 3 © 3 ©is g O © CO 3 “© 3fl >.° “ ra § ra -3 .2 O.O.® .©•§ • -.2 3 ’m u, +j 9* 3 © ^ c3 ft 3 Q, co 2 «3 » C9 ©30 CO ” a^co^ Sal Iff BWlgo 33" Sco 3 ® © ® ^j.,2 M bf) ® agv S1SIIS i ssi r-T eioTtCeo co i i i -r ! ! ' ' i 1 iil ! or : : tsr 362, 533 357 164, 209 III SI if l'5l 1? ■8S* Hs§!§ § 1 : i a s's |-K 4 j • ' > il |-* i 1 ! ,-f ss 1 s'- s' il ill i 111 j 2 ; S j iill isi i is'”' i i iS i . , 1 | is 1 0 il 1 is “=' 2, 009, 154 1, 113,887 175, 727 1, 221, 338 230, 696 s 1 111 II Islsi 2SIE15 1 SSISiSSS II 1 SI 1 2 i m n mu iis'isi § mmm ** § 1§ t - 0^1^ IONM O O 05 05 rH o" ^ o rH lO »o ^ CO ^ -H CO • • • CO • 1 l 05 rH CO »S • 5 CM CM S CM 00 1 O 05 rH £0 O O i 05 i O CM 1 CM co N00O 1 1 1 ■ i i i* i i I C5 ^ ^ ^ ! O CM rH ?2 1 CO 00 Tt< OO^JN 1 O 1 83 1 CO nSm ! ! ! i • 1 CO CO CM i i CM i co t>r cm" oo IN rH CO — 1 r-TlO nT ICOHH 1 00 • 1 ^ 1 rHN 1 ^ r-T i IO 05 l 05 oo^ocf i i i i 05 00 05 I O 05 05 IO O O N- t'- ' 05.0C0NOH. CO CO CO rH H i— c OON^-^OrHOU O rH 05 CO CM CO IO CM 00 O O — CM C5 O CM Tf CO HlOlO O 7! / CO o C0 05^ NIOGO NCC NNCOCM O O ^ CO CM CO * © N- CO CM CO »ONCOC rHOCMOOO»OlOOCOrH Tfrf OCMTf CDOrHTf rf HIO^ON tCrHlOO CM" © 40 cT © CO rH CO © 05 O CO N CO rH CO 05 i-ToT 05 cm' N- CM © CO oo co oo 05 05 00 00 co oo io 40 CM 1 1 00 O 1 1 00 CO 1 1 ^ CO • IH 1 00 INO 1 • CO i N. iO i 1 o 1 00 1 i 05 ICON i • 00 i CM i i i i 5, 900 124, 699 45, 614 28, 782 27, 639 1, 285, 653 171, 178 999 34, 797 42, 891 88, 263 17, 800 46, 600 1,755 74, 554 330 56, 224 167,600 266, 306 2, 689, 184 33, 857 75, 905 72, 806 38, 223 2, 360 168, 295 22, 007 19, 806 40, 966 850 5, 701 189, 357 7, 000 178, 146 660 65, 432 81 21, 781 261,439 110, 993 i ^T1 O 05 05 00 oc co 1 CO 40 CO CO 00 CO CO i 40 O rH CO 40 05 CO 1 nT CO CM* 40 CO 40 40 1 00 05 40 00 40 o 122,039 503 9, 478 14, 404 380, 751 7, 809 » 43, 703 ii 501, 409 42, 663 130, 000 231, 352 2,117, 359 116, 779 322, 409 969, 436 263, 905 115, 482 27, 489 48, 814 'O do O £ i So TJ § II T3 a CtJ CO las a Es o . m , a) CS wajCQcQ.2 ° O o o's? “orOh> %S J o o .►.►> >-s l^aaac^ 2oqoq£>&P£>£ SO .9 ^6 o I'll 2 o$° H -OJ3IH £ ® H - „ O— bD . o o°r O q’S- :*3> ; ■ 0*2 ' . ow ; : > ^ o> i ® : w w£ ^ tD ® N2 £ ® 2 § a £ 9 a O »h“ © ' _J O- bD * O o g ^ o Igo^W g|o|S| zs bC -- ,2 £ o So ^ >> O 03 OJ C b/0.® OO S3 ! r Oi : « Sb "E3).S w - ®a ® - © kT □ w g ol) > r? Son bc*s«t5 H S3 o^3 2 .2.20 H-b j ' - ' . cs a a o-S So- Si 03 ’H 3 o *» „ -b° >» „ ®w a IMIaSs q a-«x!.2 ^p o ® ® JMS-gSa? Is sil’I’i a a ®o:«« CO © > © r© c* C^ION© I W©ONC lOCOr-iO • GO © GO 00 » COiOHCO iCJiOiCCSf i oo © co ■ © g§S csT © co" cm ^ s © 00 V © © GO 1 © oo © e* co ©© oo t>^© ■mnhnco >©O0 — OOCO^©t^- ■ C^ NiOiONTfrf^C^ )CONOCON(Nh© r^c£r©'©t^©k©'ccr > © CM © CO CO © ^ * ^ GO © © © co ^ cm I00©HH©^N r (n — © — ~ oo bf 1 1 • 1 CO 1 1 00 » ' © — t — r— i oo i © i S 232 jg jg ; 1 1 © 00 1 • ' oo ^ co i 1 1 © 00 00 1 ihOOO i « © ' © • ' Tt< CO Tt< © 1 'CO ' © 1 i^©hh i i i © i 1 1 ^ i i © t— i i — 00 iNd00©O • i — ^ © © i 1 — 00 © Tt< © ■ ^ ©CM" I r-T 1 1 1 1 1 i i t^cTf-T i i i i • 00 CO — ! ICO ' OO 1 1 rH 1 1 — 1 M 1 ! i ©of 1 1 — © , TjT— — CO • CO 00 c§ © © © CO CO © CO 00 ©~ co" co" © CO c CO c ©"M% © © 00 t>r© © > CO t'- > © © > CM © © 00 M © © 00 §S2 © N 30 “~ © t'- © CM 00 © t}T© © 00 00 CM CO 00 c — © t co t cm • oo ( :g; i © r>. © rt^Tco © © © © co co © CM © _ 3 CO V _ 00 CO 00 -c*r>-c^ CO © ^ ^"oO - - _ - Ol — OOCM©C © ^ © © © c ^ 00 t>» « OHN( C CM H CO C _ i©©©© — ^f©C >C^OO CM CO ) © CM r . t— NCMOOrH(M © © — 1 © © © < NrHNC © CM ©i ^ © CM © © co ^ oo • ©CMC I t . © © rt^©©.-H©©M— ©© »CO’— <©©’“'CM^00©(M >00^©00©r tjT ©" oo ©" CO © © ©" (M 00 CM CO — CO © © CO © © ^ © ^ & HH HHWOO ^0©©NN©0NNH co©cMi^©©r^oo©co©© ©COCM©00rg ◄ ®2 Q TJffl1-1 « -3 a> ® 0*g O © 03 •gg'S Clots ° M? ® a > o o o po>5 See footnotes on p. 261. RECEIPTS, 1931-32— Continued 218 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 m W g i ®Oj ZO, Z^O 10, 160 10, 653 6,000 70, 500 36, 875 268, 300 57, 438 3,850 Receipts from public sources for current expenses . Income from endow¬ ment $108, 103 163, 538 53, 596 11, 048 30, 576 " 3, 220 23, 314 3, 600 ? ; illii j isPss 27, 103 1, 874 54, 000 22, 395 100, 192 Student fees SisIgSISISllilSsg SIIlls Name of institution and location - INDIANA Beniamin Harrison Law School. Indiananolis Butler University, Indianapolis. . . De Pauw University, Ureencastle . Earlham College, Earlham Evansville College, Evansville . . . Franklin College, Franklin . uosnen uouege, uosnen . . . . Hanover College, Hanover... . . Huntington College, Huntington . . liiuiciiia ^emrai college, muiauapuiis . Indiana Law School, Indianapolis . . Indianapolis College of Pharmacy. . . Manchester College, North Manchester . Marion College, Marion . . . . Oakland City College, Oakland City . St. Mary’s College,7 Notre Dame _ St. Mary-of-the-Woods College, St. Mary-of- the-Woods - - - St. Meinrad Seminary,7 St. Meinrad. . . Taylor University, Upland _ University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame _ Valparaiso University, Valparaiso . Wabash College, Crawfordsville . . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 219 1 i!e rf ps :8 : !*-. : i2 i i : i 17, 440 8, 323 43, 000 3,453 ! j " 5, 6o5 27, 301 1,325 1, 281 82, 242 5, 604 is IS ig ; :s : > CO > is i i Ss ii “ ss is? i TfT i ii j is :ii is i ii ; is i i • i j i i i Ii Siiiii : : : : : : j ; : : 1 o . :s : is j 2,123 77, 690 9, 716 2, 770 400 6, 601 22, 896 300 360 2,040 4, 547 1,814 I ii M* ; 350 13, 563 3,811 974 679 1,257 717 II ; 1,009 38, 042 5, 546 2, 934 248 10, 284 163, 680 1,000 21, 067 3, 432 1,906 Sales and services of edu¬ cational depart¬ ments 5© il is 1 * ^ j Private gifts and grants for current expenses us § il ill & ja 2, 800 31, 687 10, 035 6, 250 1, 104 4, 452 32, 475 15, 423 48, 165 81, 574 9, 398 Sg Receipts from public sources for current expenses Income from endow¬ ment CO i :i :i i sp js j 210 76, 000 45, 183 19, 471 41, 885 14, 982 43, 299 3, 962 — 525, 679 35, 480 146, 791 290, 570 88, 418 Student fees 1111 il gas's is S ilsf lieila il ~ ss'gss'g ig 1 1 ' ' II Name of institution and location - Kentucky— continued Georgetown College, Georgetown _ _ Jefferson School of Law, Louisville.. ... _ Kentucky Wesleyan College, Winchester _ Louisville College of Pharmacy _ .. Louisville Presbyterian Theological Seminary. Nazareth College, Louisville _ Simmons University,1 Louisville _ _ Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, Louisville _ _ ... Transylvania College, Lexington _ _ _ Union College, Barbourville _ _ Villa Madonna College, Covington _ .. . LOUISIANA Centenary College of Louisiana, Shreveport- .. i ii i 23 o t SSJ Straight College,1 New Orleans _ l uiane university ol Louisiana, New urelans. MAINE Bangor Theological Seminary, Bangor _ Bates College, Lewiston _ Bowdoin College, Brunswick _ . _ Colby College, Waterville _ _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 221 566 1, 874, 123 8, 023 if 8,700 292, 838 4, 514 54, 219 1 ii i l i oo : : 1, 632, 323 486, 144 1,240 185, 848 12, 289 223, 321 iss j*S ill iss $7, 734 610, 678 100, 000 ;s 1 il © j ^ £8 i i f\\ i eo 1 if ill isg ill 1 o 36, 719 2, 237 99, 087 1 1 i * ; 4,339 126, 145 21,015 53,002 4, 671 816,997 9, 496 3, 792 650 82, 191 59, 758 746 ills is '■'8 isssss 217, 479 241,700 255, 880 lIllISs g'sfsgssg 1 ill i 8 5|S3 i1 5, 521 14, 181 3, 539, 576 403,031 157, 135 261, 972 584, 341 1 3 ifSsSf His |i§rifi=5' 1S1 i ss's'g i 4, 481 1, 240 4, 554 11,014 : is i is 1 f 1 il « if i 495,296| i s 1 3 41,385 5, 546 47, 223 46, 844 8,893 !B§ i; i » ;■ 1111 ^'s'a ill i*a 32, 643 280 48, 386 923, 644 44,805 28,956 il i is i ilg 1C 111 ii gg'8 i; 6 01,025 5 18, 686 8 104, 932 9 110,819 0 75, 550 5 35, 220 3 144, 102 2 _ 5 48,019 7 17, 364 3 147, 606 9 22, 097 0 _ 9 5, 521 0 14, 181 2 2, 120, 636 3 316,815 2 85, 126 0 _ : g| i II r "CIOO iisi 8 128, 160 5 893, 816 1 243, 216 8 111,172 3 57,012 SlISIlISliBl s I §1111 llslii llft°SI§§lll§g| See footnotes on p. 261. Table 20. — RECEIPTS, 1931-32 — Continued Part 2 — UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 222 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 223 S • i i i • 05 i O • • ::::::£ :§ ; ; : | ; i i i i i i N» i CM t i ;;;;;; ^ Ipf | ; ; ; ; f ; | j ; | 136 4,040 CO o lO • 05 i ia t Tt< i *o CO 1 1 1 o 1 1 CO CM i ICO i i O CM 1 1 Tj< 1 1 r— 1 ii i i CM ii ii 2 iO • oo 1 »0 1 05 i 00 1 o ! CM i CO O th i o ^ 1 05 CM I o CM CO CM 88 co co S00 27, 831 42, 922 2, 155 70, 821 §2 05 oo oo O SO rp CM O TfH co rf Tf Tt< CO iC COO CM X) CO CM rf* Tt< 00 05 ooco co o oo ^ cm co rC ^ rC oo tC co** cm** cm“ COIOH »0 IQH CM CM ro II 50 00 *o CM CO CM O 05 05 CO ^ 50 co co »-h rH 00 »0 CO 50 GO OO O CO CO 05 50 ONMH §8 cocS rH CM 50 50 88 10, 432| 14, 123 § 82 lose r-1 ^ ^ ^ O *-H CO 1 05 N CO co 00 I 05 lO *-H 1 CM »0 1-4* 1 1 CO 1 CM i O • 05 • co i oT i i s iO — • CM O — < CO co ^ CO CM CO »-H 50 H 50 22SS 05 rJ4 t}4 rH T^CO CO 8 i s i 1 CO ;a 00 zc o Is COO* 82 — ' C5 oo 1 co CM O iiON CO i 00 CO | a 8 rC 1 o S CO CO 1 00 *00 1 rH .CM i O • 00 • CO i 05 i i O 50 88 17, 399 24, 566 2,155 66, 075 o »o O CO o 82 CM 05 CO ^ 40 ^ CO 00 t>- 1— 1 O CM *-h 00 05 ^ CO CM CM O CO CO O O 00 00 00 CM O lO rf CO N O N CO O !N CO ^ — i »O^HCO CM a CM O CM 8S *°‘8 CM CM £8 ~ CO CM rt< oo 50N050 CM N» Tf< 05 nTnTco 05 05 ^ CO O CM O. r : O ^ O CO CM 121,211 108, 221 42, 740 160, 894 8,034 102, 000 255, 790 18, 178 98, 297 16, 860 41,057 55, 796 23, 010 20, 377 106, 755 97, 420 64, 850 24, 417 61,917 33, 571 168, 107 35. 360 0*0005 00 CM 005 COO N*ON*OOiOOOC5 iiOr-OiON CO CON O N*OCM*00*0 0^ > CO CO 1-H 05 rH 1-1 00 05 COO ^0‘OHO'^’t^ rrfr^OOiONT CO nT oo 50 50 CM 1-4 50 CO 50 »o nT CO ) O 05 00 05 CO HIO ON- 50 05 05 CO ^ T#< TJH CO *-» rH rH 1-1 05 593 375 5, 400 2,288 O • 00 CM O CO O 1 rr CM o O o • rt« CO »-» T-i o ! SO > iO CO 05 Tf< :s :s l 05 i 40 1 1 • 1 CO 8 50 50 50 50 00 GO CM 05 O t>. 50 1 CO 1 CO O O N- N- 1 CM 1 50 o ico * CM CM 50 CM i r-T ! 50 N »0 i CO i O • 00 • co ! o * CO 1 i GO 1 CT> CO 1 1 CM 1 • CO 1 1 ^ • i o CM i i i—i O 1 1 CM i i CM r- 8 50 CO :a 1 ICO 1 o o • 1 1 1 N- o * i i 05 iNH • 35, 000 3, 426 34, 807 7, 46C O co §§ **g i cm co ^ cm oo cm 00 CO CM • CO Tt» Tf co C5 CM Tt« Tt4 1 CO 05 O 05 C5 N o 1 ^ CM t>r lO CO CO • I O O 50 O 50 05 O O CM CM CM CO O r-1 -rp oo Tf CO 05 CO o o N* GO 50 rH iNOg j 00 CO CM S CO O 00 i-T oo 50 rH 05 00 CO »0 'M CO ^ 05 CO CM CO O b- CO O 00 O CO rH ^ lO OO'^h'O h-h-5 05 05N^O^ 05 CM 50 © ri CM O rH CM rH* Iff 50* 50 i—T rH 00 CO co & 05 in cm )N(N>0»0 >iO00OH JO^OOH 'OCCOl^-NOO^ >iO«NNrHrX)CO'HCO )phC5^N»hN^iO rcocfioodcocicnco -— < 50 o o *o co o - NCOCOO^OJX’ »0 0i«0 W cococ CO 50 50 50 CM CM CO r (NNOOOiOOJO OO’-'OOONCO WOONOOINCO CM N- CO CM e?Js .2^ CQ ' |f2§§^|2 nW §+»^ . fl fl fl Mm O o ® ^2 „ h4 3.- 03 g.SD'w^-'S ja-M « o £ .^5 0> © <0 m. Q 'o >OOo’- Saguo," 1 aj.9 "3 9 > i o o ®^£3«w6^®® >.3 »- ® £ j= 3 3 b lsisg^o£(25 3 =3 3wS«*;«« g OHi-52Scqcqgqcqco £®£ h oO ®o * >Ss CS^ <3 js ® o SSao'ES’ ■g-SO«®£ « ® « a >>^ ^ ^ CX 03 S "V — .. <« ® S o ® © 8,s 5M % Ml® 0;?W ® SOp.c.®° ^ OT a a-g o |a'a‘§«3 SS'hE 3 o I o « co 73 > 3 O o£ >> o3 33 M O- co © ce m to ® as 03 O MO :m, - CQ w ■£M* *g OJ ^ oS O C3 s ^ c3 ® £ E-1 o >>al.2 m ® _ . .„ ® lcjjs||Ooa| CO ® S — _ -M <5 c-S ■a c^j © © § a om mcq.s tn *-> *O^S»a§53® ■ oa > .^.a ©.so m 2 -&aoS“’3!Ss :8S © .Ho aatQsOl° 'S s SSlO ° H« o'Ss.® jfQ^ =1 :*>. 003-2— °°2^ >ib 'on Q 4J n-J Zfl rj I ^ • y. r—t ^ IS tl Q *~* § £0 §•& & S §s a >| g go^ g go 0) ©.Th O O 3 C3M cJU cfl cav H'- « o • • c3 WOOOOOQwM M MM MM ^SfetfmcoE-< CQ ©'S ® a «j o 42 © OS ra £.2 <-5 O t?3 <3 0 3 9 ^ See footnotes on p. 261 Table 20. — RECEIPTS, 1931—32 — Continued Part 2— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 224 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Receipts for increase of perma¬ nent funds 2 i I gg ii ills «H !hh CO !s§ ii hm :. 1,377, 496 !g§!8 i i0* i : : 1 00 £1 § : ©.O ; 34, 031 202, 116 128, 296 12, 575 10, 417 SIlKlllIll «Njg«t^nTeo 3®© ! c5 is 174,306 i i i 29, 000 i§s ; i § ja- i i s' g 1 il § ; ss ; m is'i In 41, 190 70, 426 36, 150 23, 792 81,041 15, 379 241, 167 56, 236 50, 287 21, 770 is S'S 79, 940 29, 055 1, 944, 710 1, 365, 141 14, 397 183, 855 346, 570 1,955 2, 961 45, 202 6, 000 70, 660 37, 255 28, 480 1 S3 il 00 00 m is's 10, 749 46, 833 12, 450 7, 745 748 9, 003 3, 330 000 ‘LI - ! in pi 549, 217 7, 147 10, 220 186, 079 z, yoi 4, 450 4, 274 14, 021 7, 398 927 SO 55 !S§ j«* 4,215 3, 040 1 2 ill i ias i i ;T l : i 1,428 2, 956 2, 409 11 -T®‘ 165 14. 092 2,510 77 305 20, 350 470 1,000 il 206, 328 749, 129 14, 771 2, 309 17, 056 24, 986 59, 586 12, 700 70, 743 841, 762 36, 582 39, 740 69,470 63, 340 28,878 26, 089 44, 474 94, 392 63, 296 38, 926 67, 401 27, 453 40, 199 31, 584 134, 738 9, 567 78, 227 38, 762 16,911 36, 626 9, 852 1,895 860 3, 637 656 75, 000 is is 82, 155 132, 261 807 2,309 915 2,585 8,962 200 19, 583 229, 506 4, 984 1,353 2, 734 11, 447 ill! jfflOO j is :« : > i :§s ! j cfo • • 29, 250 776 20, 801 6, 100 1 JC 1 • c ii »rH- iHI i il j«r 29, 362 496 1,270 5,935 ! |j 861 ‘9 066*1 !gg i jeo«o ; i; 1 i iss i i ill j j ii i tC il is 94,811 616, 868 13,964 15, 645 21, 131 44, 689 12, 500 51, 160 612, 256 29, 608 38, 387 66, 736 50, 695 28, 878 16, 180 30,958 93, 798 59, 624 38, 926 67, 401 22, 735 10, 337 31, 584 105, 488 8,791 49, 749 28, 569 16,911 29, 266 i is ii Of 75, 000 i *o ii ioi ssiiiprsssssiirgsTs i imsiisisriis ® ; j ; nT - i i sfsf |® | jo | i; ii !!§!!§! i^ ,:a || | il ii i 1 . . ; | ; | j :§ g| || S i i is i i i jrf i j^r j T“* c4 i J | | | i >*•' » • SS §* ^^-NcocjT'otDtC^-tC — TS5- SS Is ■vaS 108 II ** §- '§ T3I188S8S s ia^arfSgf m ziiiiiwi ££S“£3^$3gj g S^S^SMg00'^ m !l!!Sls!!lllsSSlIssl I S1I1EISI |g 8'g S2'8S2§-?5'S'S3S2SSg'S‘SS-SS- S' §'s?S"S'"'8"g'S' ion S'S 288 Table 20.— RECEIPTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 228 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER IN STITUTIOX S 229 1 ; 1 : cf ! : i j l : : $ 8 ; sf i sli 1 Hill I8S8 go 00 CO* oTefeoV^eD Jjj’Tlj'toVr 8SI8 iliisliiSSg -sss s||gggga>'S| i min i SBSKSf ii as Hi g : ills II ii 1 ®'«V ho !i 1 » £g i V ; 1 llsi s =sas lilili S"~ “ffe' i si ill i j srf is- i I i 1 i Sf : a S : of iiil 11 ii :s-o-=r o s §|j i 11 : . : »» ; I1 ill iSfS i 88818 stftfs? § i s i 1 : $ i i § mm sis to cTofaTcoN" oo«s>o mi Siiisiiiiii ”SBS SSgggglSft^S i iiiisi i S§S28S*8 II g§ 111 i IllSI lilsiliSi iilsisIslSie 9358BS8IS s sW§ ssWssgf 3iallsWll"' s""la‘s‘s¥l‘i See footnote on p. 261 Table 20.— RECEIPTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2 — UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 230 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 aj "" ' ’~8’ ; | o § g a 05 O © d P S : : £ i i OXIO u 2 a © £5 © 3 o P^- iCOiONCOO 1000500 05^ lOOO^OHW r-T tdoTod N00ONCC Orf Crf Nl of r4 © 00 » NCOINN r va (N od ed J8£. o §' < vo CO CO os n- a> O 1-H 05 00 CO CO VO NT)iCO VO»OH ocd COCC ON 00 ( ggggS! sag; Cic^voi S .2 ^ .9 ; a 5 €/3- “8 © C. iL © »P j fl ^ 3 ^ sris^a 8«J^g •a e t> ®.s COCOCOOOOOCOOOt^C COt^Oil^-COOOCOC^OC^I "cO r-T VO CO C^Tl IHOH 00 VO C I 00 N* vo O O VO O CO CO VO 'O00HO O CO vo ^ 05 Q,q;2 2 W f-J ,0 *-H S.Sg.g' Income from endow¬ ment eo a © CO 'P s S’2 N m N- ' CO CO CO ' VO vo O _> O rf Q vo 00 '(NMCOOCNO ici^HOvOWOV • Tf CO CO vo (M vo (M nSSSnSS lofocoooS oovooot^^l^co |VO(N{NON< OO CO CQ OO OJ 1 ^(Nh^O( C < ICJNIOWVOO- CO vo O » co cc CO ( VO CO O < i-H of od (N CO CO CO ■ 3 Q. ►J *o3 Qj fl ” © o£ » n w — o § S'©|jCOcz;' >>*3 S ®C2 ’3'303 h O .®'~° on®1*151® ST o - sT.2 .H a?' ■*= u Se ® 33 fcuo , - r^-1 0 £P^M®jsr2’5 — -2 ;®>«l|~§?g © ^ * ’Sr2( ; cS-CC t-X3r^(-> g »■ g a §gw^ >>Bg SP^SeS’ a ce ea P.2 dTr-r ©^ a o « "S 05 © a £ S S2 g 2 ©gg ^*2 a “ o.-^ ®fe a**3'S2£$Mil*g*** • fa'S'd^-S'g fl-S-S SooflC HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 231 33, 482 539, 084 128, 545 50, 000 2 © * 368 3,088 38, 543 17, 000 39, 033 406, 717 i jj 9, 645 1 • 897 53,000 175 j | 600 12, 800 4, 728 226, 874 298, 325 240, 200 95,000 : ; i i ; ; S i i j j j i i ' ' :I JUS 21,105 239, 120 16, 785 1,075 i 5 1 lag • i-t tC 67, 491 2, 100 i 1 1 7, 121 1 i is is ' 3,087 655 i! i CO | 196,654 1,500 29, 754 722, 805 476, 292 131,312 1 Ss s' as 78, 899 227, 549 610 377, 298 30, 540 25, 024 47, 424 66, 445 100,511 47, 538 83, 067 47, 520 27, 221 53, 520 7, 461 61, 510 44, 388 14, 163 24, 075 25, 342 14, 895 57, 267 76, 304 6, 5C0 307, 670 204, 591 26, 777 13, 920 6, 573 44, 834 610 70, 939 6, 757 1,023 5, 212 glial : oo : i-neo ; ~ i i ICO 1 Tf< i 111 ; oo woo II j 00 i i 5 is i © !-r 1 " : 8 s 1 a is is 78, 523 23, 783 1,416 i 8, 634 23,702 3, 300 12, 071 10, 467 6, 075 500 4, 478 4, 193 5, 5S8 8 120, 350 3 1, 500 2 12, 780 7 415, 135 9 40, 283 2 131,312 n 3 242, 248 1 11,206 7 . . >ow is 8 8 227, 836 a 9 22, 585 4 42, 212 0 66, 445 6 100,511 9 38, 737 8 41, 157 1 47, 520 9 26, 003 8 49, 635 7 . 5 4, 161 5 38, 026 8 33, 921 6 - 3 18, 350 2 12, 228 3 10, 702 5 43, 187 s | |§ sssgsssss ‘s *rfsfsf on p. 261. Table 20.— RECEIPTS, 1931-32— Continued Part 2— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 232 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Receipts for increase of perma¬ nent funds $7, 107 1 i s? i ill ill : ~ i «ui i ;®T" 2, 292 260 800 1 S i! ! ! ! io ; 2, 500 114,000 Receipts for exten¬ sion of physi¬ cal plant 2 i i ii ii i is i 1 is i i - . ii i \~ j i for other non- educa- tional pur¬ poses e* 1 i fe ; 1 i 1::::::- 1 82,830 2. 554 ii in ii r fl | *37 1 juaiiKj o aurvcMjii _ _ __ - - - LeMoyne College,1 Memphis _ Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate _ Maryville College, Maryville - Meharry Medical College,1 Nashville. _ Milligan College, Milligan College _ Southwestern College, Memphis _ __ Tennessee College for Women, Murfreesboro .. Tusculum College,? Greenville _ KJ LI I U 11 U JLil JaUKOUH. __ __ _ _ University of Chattanooga, Chattanooga. ..J University of the South, Sewanee _ Vanderbilt University, Nashville _ TEXAS Abilene Christian College, Abilene.. ... . .. Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Austin _ _ _ Baylor College for Women, Belton _ Bay| or University, Waco _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 233 Si 3 S3 859“ il i i : i !S jo j j j j ;-a| cexioteaa.iji? tf PSk££>>£ 5* r", c3 c3 ^ ^ k*- g3 U C-1 ~T a CD ^ M 5 -“S.-a°°S^sS ;£ §^5iS^® ** “iigls2*^ 6b> op >0 (2 a g „ o^Ah ®fe § o O © C_S , cas S* S & ! g'3 oo£«8«gfc££ gaaiii w CO jigx“> IgaESa U »’2mo So >1 a 9wq« « > Hills HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 235 1,285 25, 500 2,000 30, 975 1,210 7, 912 31, 278 3, 294 110 10,000 18, 211 31,617 62, 606 41,555 835 2, 420 6, 889 38, 321 ssil eoeoNTH* 4, 641 295 2,688 iss ; •# ed 147, 734 60, 013 166,821 129, 556 3,405 82, 599 70, 098 6, 013 33, 560 19, 1741 67, 608 13, 915 19, 633 20, 286 68, 564 655 9,041 10, 501 6,013 12, 679 :! !^r 6, 345 10, 015 §§§ i s's”' ! 3, 171 1,020 9,421 127, 474 30, 365 1 1 SS 5 § s' 17, 710 18, 154 46, 894 is cf ms gf- s I5S88S 3S58 - I 35$ S' © — r^- S3 S IlflflSIIi $*g-gS53$S‘S3 r IS I §SS3iS §fe ~ sg'ass^ $8881 s**s?s? nifimifi !SS^2^”Ffd' 58743—36 - 16 grJSVSS % * • ' S 1 ; il ; $1, 250 33, 070 13, 250 131, COO 96, 527 91, 560 238, 456 88. 000 8 i. || arar £ & s sf^ssWss llssl SH E i IS98S1 © CO *0 C<5 I> con " -• SSg'g'g'S' is I 1 1 slsIlS O'* 00 T-r 00 Of CONOCO* imr gs's's's Sills S'gss'S 11 SI I i I sills s's s' s' s' s's'SS ^r=r 05 N ooe TT s' s' i isissi I SSsISS $5,059 82 2, 271 246 i i 600 $810 i§ 1h 3, 814 1, 993 1 i 100 !§ jg 5 1 ; Si s" i sliiis lilli §1111 §1111 glass' *°s 3" a ^ M r: fimi m a«« f I si I- «?_c3 3 0 0 (O&hMCQCQCQ on p. 261. 236 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 c o O CO CO CO 05 m Ph HH w o K rg © (M H 5 << H HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 237 4,435 ! is! j | || 1 ; 1 il CO |*T 235, 000 55, 500 125, 000 125,000 279, 323 114, 258 22, 000 2,219 6, 600 6, 009 10, 000 5,000 $10, 325 § | il i is j 154, 766 37, 253 44, 273 72, 598 150, 304 83, 221 85,811 82, 537 186, 778 64, 029 94, 235 33, 765 113, 502 100 4, 250 4, 340 — 23, 264 43, 450 15, 102 30,082 26, 245 5, 762 2, 399 36, 299 30, 754 16, 541 12, 520 1,628 357 8 j j 13, 857 20, 856 14, 396 2,135 7, 147 8,914 6, 000 4, 216 4, 037 1,166 6, 500 5, 825 _ 1 i :§§ : 9, 407 22, 594 706 27, 947 4 121, 374 6 22, 577 4 35, 874 8 32, 083 2 115,513 4 65, 514 1 66, 791 7 82, 537 8 179, 325 5 63, 672 3 93, 735 2 33, 765 9 113, 502 8 _ 0 _ 0 4, 340 l I l 35 i - r- i os mi i i siigiii ms S' s' IS 111 S' I s' SlS'SsIs fill snr io-h oT §5 3 TW s' i‘i iht Mil i illlSIl im I'l'i'S See footnotes on p. 261 238 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 g.2 £oS ga ® o ®as 03 .Q p< 2* gpS.o's^ § glSBagsg ® C a'O-Sag. So’-S o 03 S.S'o.Ss S3 o, u ^ <3 !^§3o O 8 w 03 2fi ox) o-a g si «g>®-2c,S gog-o^ sS'drtbSfl >3S 0 c3 o t- ® I. MS u, « O Oh tan g x *» ci C/3 -t-H ® o,c-.2 o a m 'S B 3 ® >- ® a S 0-° b o ^ a) ! ! o 8 2^ ciJ g 00000 00000 o o o H o 00 00 « cDCOh, O r-< 00 O -^OOO O 00 10 ® ® ?? m > gil 8 ® .a Qm oM o > £ Z >kO >> g © £ a ® Sgog&g 02 02 h HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 239 1C lO CO hooos CM CM 05 ^iod co co co co 10 CO t'- CM rj< 10 CM 00 C5 oo i>T odd ◄ 5=S < O O .. « © . cPh © - © — Mg *3 o S£ o.o £ 3 ® 2 c S ®B Wcu 3 3 3 O 2X ® cc §s to cs I® If © r=: eoa 3 o cs “ ®gg © C3^ CO © - ®^g &2-S ® _2 co lZ a> ©m sa 3s . o >»o >o a 8 £ 8.2 !s» & E5~ © ©o o ® ■3 cs <*2 H3 ® ® bOjj ®o o © OH © © c3 03 DOM . i ® 3 © >03 O §si! © > — • .3 m a s> ®-©o^ I5|l o © “ ® O ®r2 ° © O CO OO © P 2 coO ® s t, 05 ® ® CS © HO © 03 ®8^£ 2 © c8“ ^H.S a M cs © | g.SS-3 ^ oO® o S c S c .go fc£ § &tc Wflc3 sa*eB a o o o mO C o •3C0 «w ., © 3 © bJC-O b£ o 0i© o’go co 03 co © © © © "3 S’Ss^ u £zl§Jl © © ®gs> c3_c3 o3 CQCQm See footnote on p. 261. Table 20. — RECEIPTS, 1931—32 — Continued Part 3.— TEACHERS COLLEGES, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED-Continued 240 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Receipts for increase of perma¬ nent funds 1 3 l \ | : i i! i i i < ■ iir 3 i i i i i i i i i i i O i 3> i i ' i i i i i i i i O • D i i i i i i i i i i i o ' 3 i i i i i i i i i i i CO ' » 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Receipts for exten¬ sion of physi¬ cal plant $40, 000 2, 000 i i !§!!§! is iis§ ; ; ir4- : inr ; !©«© 1 1 1 00 1 1 H l I 1 rH 00 ' » 11 ' 1 . 1 Receipts for other non- educa- tional pur¬ poses i i i i i i i i CD i i i i i i i i i i i i i CD i * i i i i i i i i i i i i i t i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 f 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Auxiliary enterprises and activities S o 55 $86, 840 149, 767 28, 668 24, 173 17, 519 6, 200 7, 663 9,200 133, 540 77, 771 61, 228 178, 290 64, 228 360, 155 119, 676 101,315 133, 280 109, 801 136, 301 162, 401 299, 304 Other activi¬ ties - $29, 634 79, 997 20, 206 2, 486 17, 519 2,200 1, 663 1,200 12, 075 12, 437 5, 387 10, 064 1, 118 27, 050 11,623 1,867 5, 892 11,412 12, 499 19, 832 10, 868 Athlet¬ ics ® $3, 208 11,021 8, 462 21, 687 4,000 0, uuu 8, 000 122 375 173 71 331 260 165 Dormi¬ tories and dining halls $53, 998 58, 749 : ! SsIlSllllISIS Educational and general fund O GO $393, 616 458, 143 238, 675 223, 555 191, 277 174, 576 228, 448 173, 240 232, 127 226, 547 112, 937 211, 260 214, 523 342, 989 170, 237 157, 450 236, 846 161, 637 160, 337 200, 563 303,258 Other receipts for educa¬ tional pur¬ poses r* : i : ! r-T ! 1 1 1 1 ICOIIIOO'III'OI 1 1 1 CO 1 ■ ' 05 1 1 1 1 1 CD 1 Sales and services of edu¬ cational depart¬ ments C© 1 ; s i i i= 5 5 ;§Bg j i jsS | Private gifts and grants for current expenses | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Receipts from public sources for current expenses - $328,092 347, 823 203, 216 199, 462 162, 345 155, 499 203, 298 164, 840 192, 748 173, 274 92, 298 153, 164 180, 429 230, 168 138, 404 129, 705 166, 629 125, 524 127, 438 135, 943 183, 899 Income from endow¬ ment eo | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 , | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , | | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | 1 . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 , | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | | | 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Student fees $62,469 110, 320 35, 374 24, 093 27, 246 19, 077 24, 960 8, 350 39, 379 53, 014 20, 065 58, 017 34, 094 111,348 31,750 27, 745 70, 217 36,113 32, 844 64, 125 119, 359 Name of institution and location - I i i i 5 j ij o§. JfOt Isr i L 1 f ^Sii ® O o« | i S i 31 Northeastern State Teachers College, Tahle- quah _ _ Northwestern State Teachers College, Alva... Southeastern State Teaehers Cnlleee Durant Southwestern State Teachers College, Weatherford _ _ PENNSYLVANIA State Teachers College: Bloomsburg. . . . California _ Clarion. _ East Stroudsburg _ Edinboro— . . Indiana . . Kutztown.. _ _ _ ..... Lock Haven. _ . Mansfield Millersville _ _ Shippensburg _ . Slippery Rock _ _ _ West Chester _ _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 241 1 350 350 g|Si i 1 i eo coco ~ i ** i 11, 200 125, 000 _ 9, 207 15,000 il 11 jc 000 ‘I 5,000 i iii iiiii 805 is i i IS i 68, 226 50, 755 60, 191 57, 997 54, 197 47, 823 45, 311 58, 669 30, 154 76, 685 115,782 162, 092 141,043 164, 931 24, 273 80, 500 5 £ c5S 85 £ 31, 120 5,153 13,412 12, 152 6,868 35, 090 25, 003 21, 839 23, 269 26, 574 10, 987 17, 849 19,618 17, 858 2,122 6, 500 4,884 4, 742 4, 609 7,203 8, 680 5, 960 14, 239 12, 733 12, 500 10,314 6, 885 il is is' 5, 382 21, 000 11 1 l cow V © 32, 497 38, 399 38, 099 39, 885 33, 090 7, 808 26, 516 24, 108 104. 795 142, 796 121,425 147, 073 16, 769 53, 000 34, 383 27, 299 19, 701 28, 931 i i m sms iisi suss g e s 1 Sal 51 s' 1 IIS ssls" "silif * s' g 11 1 1 § i offrt 142 7, 037 i w 1 i S5 7, 704 905 2,650 1, 378 617 § i g ag | $1,800 1 i i iii is § g mi imi iiiii i i e S Sgg Kg 8 S ggf SSSS SSKSig K g i i m ii i i iii rm Hiii i i : © 11! ! I!!!! : ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! i » Si i i i i i j ■ i \ ] ■ iiiii i i i i rts ii i i §§§ iisi iiiii i i 8 S cfcfS" §§ g g SS3 3 S3 on p. 261. 242 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 tj o .£ a o O 04 CO I CO o m H t— i W o K 1. © 04 w S § i in j 9- i Receipts for other non- educa- tional pur¬ poses S3 1 js | ;s s Auxiliary enterprises and activities Total £5 $23, 829 25, 952 5, 958 46, 000 22, 369 14, 552 33, 278 53, 233 1,475 21, 000 17, 231 8, 220 20, 675 Other activi¬ ties - ill i 840 1,352 1,895 4, 052 200 15.912 Athlet¬ ics ® 009 06$ 1,000 840 200 • io 1 L- Dormi¬ tories and dining halls OS $23, 739 23, 724 5, 461 45, 000 20, 689 13, 000 31, 383 49, 181 1,200 21, 000 17, 231 8, 220 4.763 Educational and general fund Total QO $40, 980 29, 267 28, 419 73, 000 38, 100 41, 680 88, 901 203, 960 81, 165 60, 858 86, 750 92, 838 92. 380 Other receipts for educa¬ tional pur¬ poses r- $150 I! CO i i i ii 563 55 698 Sales and services of edu¬ cational depart¬ ments CO I 18 ;; 1 Private gifts and grants for current expenses Receipts from public sources for current expenses - $39, 141 29, 164 27, 794 70, 000 37, 380 41, 680 67, 723 191, 806 72, 065 55, 575 83, 831 91, 253 73. 863 Income from endow¬ ment e* Student fees w $1, 689 103 > ;g 21, 094 12, 154 9, 000 5, 283 2,091 1,530 17.819 Name of institution and location - MAINE Aroostook State Normal School, Presque Isle.. Eastern State Normal School, Castine . . State Normal School, Gorham _ Washington State Normal School, Machias _ MARYLAND Maryland State Normal School: Salisbury. - - - j. uwauu - - . - State Normal School, Frostburg.. . . MASSACHUSETTS State Normal College: Hyannis _ _ _ _ _ North Adams ... _ _ _ Wfist.fifild MONTANA Eastern Montana Normal School. Billines _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 245 * 1 7, 500 § 1,789 2,241 11, 766 2,200 669 24, 000 32, 500 177,500 270, 000 225 5, 375 3,210 1 i to 6, 500 21, 520 8, 400 52, 152 31, 883 21, 779 22, 972 12, 521 3, 210 1 : •O | 00S ‘9 1,482 7, 800 12, 145 10, 570 1,855 840 1, 741 1, 157| - 1 1 IS lO 1, 615 2,201 4, 252 400 -hi-. ■£> I" = IO c = o : CO 6 19, 362 8 _ 3| 34, 632 3 19, 698 8 17, 723 8 17, 880 8 10, 380 sus issnim m in i m i gSgs a S‘g s‘g £ sf af oc 11 U5 . 1 3 j 189 S|R - t- c o f- 1 2 $1, 625 0 _ Ms mmiii ns wt i iff s' §115' gggsggggg * tfs ss $ s sfiss § See footnoses on p. 261. 246 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 m H Ph w o w d >ca £ pj ® a a !88 OCC *00s 3 £fl.2 sis )NNCOiOCONO CO O c^l III a T3 s a 0 (B O >3 gs ^2 ® ® 1 03 S2> Oq ° OqO .2 o.2 sc a 2"5i«yinsii SaggaS c<1rt-2 O a bSOOH^PS'JSoJCJCcjcJcsSo^ .g^t-li-^^P-iP-iPsfcItcOTccracccaa! 8 -r 2 a “esq ■3 a o O r CO © CN 00 05 40 WhiOcON O 1-1 CM 00 CO -H O CM o 40 f-H cm -r O O cm co o oo O CM 40 00 40 1-t CM T CM 05 40 co* i-T .Oft, ■ti >> a§a_ I 111 e § . S O oJ o & Q ® o rs o£ Oq2 *3 ® A«_ fii J3 5 m OOP. is 2 ca c3 tx »g 0^ CQO O era ^ g' 02gQ33| c 0-2 2^0 i§8§ OUH^ ^So S £ 0T3 ® e £.§ P la >> ■<5 t»2g H c3 £ .■s ® jd 2£ § s .h ce - S~& B*£° c3^4 BO u 3 oca £ See footnotes on p. 261. 254 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 cc C5 ^ ^ O Q 53 cs « ■gglsBS! ® « »ai « .S a © S w pi o» §3 g “^3 (U42 £'C G'S" 2 2 Q-W -o 8® iOOh 88 ‘"’S C5 05 CO o < 3S §85 WOONNH05^000(N< 8 K «S 8 8 ^ « 5 > O OC t" CO ,-H lO It^oo >0'#®Tf r CO »0 GO > o > o;5 Ss infl > ' a o of3 - a £*-= IfS •r a e M B®. u« e- <1 o - a opq °® 30 ce 03 agea-sao ssaagllll^^ i^rnooww t 33 Mc3> w o 2 o S °a§:i l_, ®u5 ® 00^ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 255 on p. 261. 256 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 6 gfi a O 3 O CO rH » mTl o .r* c 2 TZ 35 5 T o 03 Q ojC>®«a® «> 88 0*3^ ® 2 ; B-5 Ji isf §• III! a 05 M - « §2 Si 2 2 »oo«oo OQrHlON § ^282 00 (OM>OCO o S ;3£ aV Og 05 © SL % o 88 *0 00 C-hN 10 10 05 05 05 £ >> ! fe ©»or? gs iogai^ l°JOS>|-3S ogf s2^- -®| Hf£l ||&gf5 IqO Sh5o.SS o oo .°§ga °° g/^‘3^-5 _, •» • 33 — 33 O 5 o’S’O s I © 3-r; t; — OM cn CO o SR Ph e £> > O <3 ter* aS a — - bo _M *0 *-" CO !>, © >s.a «3 rl © g 03^.0 Co fe 33 Oti-3 £ 2-5 §33 5J 2-2^5 o a m rr> r'lr^rv, rv. 5 53^^77 Receipts for increase of perma¬ nent funds ktt — $30,000 . . Receipts for exten¬ sion of physi¬ cal plant 2 $10, 60C 8 : CO • 1 1 1 00 4,210 ■S z a for other non- educa- tional pur¬ poses eo $2, 000 479 3, 000 430 540 05 3, 626 6,000 Auxiliary enterprises and activities Total $27, 914 2, 065 64, 700 101, 020 3, 946 1, 942 104, 331 45, 011 10, 542 4, 763 39, 589 54, 800 1,003 Other activi¬ ties 3 $182 1,200 6, 800 60, 704 3,946 1,654 9, 272 8, 518 S §5 CO O 00 15> oO - ® §? e Ofll - I Q JJ'o > oO'S O «p HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 257 CO CM S3 oi 111 S 8 OOM O OO CM O iO O O O CO OiCiOCOOCON co CO fH H CM 00 ^ C5COOOCMN >0 10 00^0*0 Tt< »o CO !8S io oTco NlOrfrH OO^r^H ^»OXN CM CM lO CM 00 O) CM 00 CO 8 8 © O § NIOHOIOOW CO f>T CO UO Of r4" >C a Jo'O S’® o to 1 1 o £ | g°.o c3 ®K'f3 PJS >> 03 « Jg.- B^S^JrS - «2 OS ? M g&H OO®^ ® ^ oU,Orn"° £ a-% b 3h S §3 8-^2 « qcBKSotE-1 .a “ co u JriO “.o a .£“ o ® 2“ £ w ® C..S CO 03 ® -2 ® «> ! 'sl.S* o£ o?K|| u §s®.* c/3 r- o-3 o * o 03 a ®v~'o'-» S >.2' OnC >3? 3 ■2 ?" ® Hi i^Oo ‘ G< u t- w ’o §|-2BO >4 53 ^ 03 O te 3 CQ •273 ~~co.3 © V.g 3a$SnaS®/4W o§§a3®5«^^:§ P500U/4SZf2MM M Tc^r»o o co oo o o r-i r^ 0 00^0 O CO 05 rH CO 00 O 0 05H ©COCO IOCOCO i hNi >00000 00- r r-r 05 C> o'® O ci rr\ d <*» ^ 1 SslfSl^Ila « as^sijrl^s a 5®“jf®®®§o-§£§ ^ gis bO S, -rO a « 2? O ® g? ffi. t-1 — ! °2®S, •go 3° O O' 5^ 1 3.P ■3 ® ® §■££ ^09 PJ bO— jO "zm lO S ,-do^ o 2 C3.t: S P 4. g . Ira ■§8 3> ’sSI5cS'-SP43 003 © ClH H © •—< Im ~ moJ^S^PHeupHtf cot COS o -”6° Cu 2 s3|a Sft 3 Q , ®.p 5 o 3 a "a.® o § grt a ® ©*2 © r'jSU fc/D ^ o t, ® ®Oo b/j 05 d -Ssa 31 a :« .«! §1 fc O o'O O CL, P H 3 es " >. -S ® co bo ® ® >■ s<^ 6§ ® g Bfl O 03 o S 2 t» So Si a p H oS 0’S ® CQ os gj>a M3hM nHJo s a a “ 2 ui oaS3° buO © Q« OPIh £ See footnotes on p. 261, 260 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 H«2 2 o § ©a S 0-2.2 o 03 ■§, a Ph 82£o3§3§ © o « ^3 ^ a a >c.2 < as -gas b n 9 a s if§§ s' O 05 00 - l>- i m 1 CS i i rfi o i i ■ i co i i ^ i i • CS i i i eo co oo i ii ii i ii ii i ii ii sss co © co co cs HN CS IQ co rf< 05 05 o ) O O O CO CO c )OOiO CO Cl O ' 5 iO O CO 05 rH 00 * OHCOOOOTfOOCOOi COOO'OOCrfiCO'H^N OCONWIOCOOO^hNCO in ^ ^ o" O N »H o 05 IC*1 C^HHNfHr-lNlOCOrtrH 5r< ® -2 a ® “ lol’O9 •£ m § 2 ^ b a £ “> Sg ca w -4-> -x W -+-5 © •Sgag^gs g g-s sa a s «'~0,8 §$ |a la a« a S fl © M •gs o cr o o o *o CO GO O O 00 ^ NOOOOCOCO 05 (M O O 05 05 CS 1-H r-l ,-H 5 0 0 0 CO O CO ^ 5 0 0 0 rHNCOOO >100*0 1-H o o ^ roTes^t^r ofeo'^o CS 00 ^ o O ^ co < *0X0000*0 01 CO 05 C<$ CS O a i- © o ®o © I a3 Sgjal Q^wSiz; ©~ “ >£ 1 o ii iOj-a ! o : S .■§ ; jj? ©a* . c ■fe o g a^oS 1 1 §« e3 fl ®T3 g g © « M a ©iM 3 £ > CS SK £ ill a 3 a" is nil i S m : .w ®35 © S © >- ®2qq'_».-2x; ^ © hr ~ m •o -s, © © to ” Ofn-© c3 be ©hh © 0’S a a « , ► .* a 3 8 o £ o w «- © lO <3 » >T. be a 'gaS^o^-JoomO ISfl^®-2-c0.S5 is a- ® o HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 261 Table 21— BENEFACTIONS, INSTITUTIONS RECEIVING $100,000 OR MORE, 1931-32 262 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS i ! o £ T) s i & 263 Part 1— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED 264 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 U 3 C6 X3 rr, ®-c a S ® x gs as O o d x +* no® ill 1 §11 * §§bI II i SI H«5 : oi-TfT ississs miss! ii III Is § rf$3 2 3BSS 8533381 I £22^ 2gfeS82‘ *■" II £8 S I g£2S2°°‘ III "Sgf a.§^3 P'S*? III $s£sf I g $ - i5i mills tfafss8 gssssfsd' 813 il slllillll 8313883 II ps si s* li jlli fl’alg'i a Ph -43 a gll BS S8IS115S8 S§8§S°s g§ gss s‘| asggsggK's s'sb2‘sss s” £00% 1 883883133 1111 2f §8 5i ^r*-2 a P S’® ffi. fcLTl ^ ftp M O si g w 3 ,rH X> Is §§ sa s|- ssilSSi sW-1 li r ! = 2 >pO CO Ph ° 111 vfs- 111 1b ISSssSIIi ISISIII II si's *$ m$$m* mr & & h'H ww H oi nri . Ill II Sllsllsll 1111111 II gs'g‘ 5"SS BSa832S3B SSg-SS'S" HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 265 1 si S' *« i ills a! s§ i i i iga | ; ;g !l :i ; ; s : III i i : i !S i i is’gg tfsf g j ; j irf 1 j •>" ja ;* i i i ~'S§' j| \\]n\ § fslSlist II ISIS SI5| § sgg I seeegii gg isga -gsra ff sag 383, 020 8, 608 293, 642 132,318 34, 105 198, 703 620, 844 1, 251, 079 22, 390 205, 961 102, 521 42, 612 34, 736 122, 799 11,269 E 511 lisg ss ms 8 i S ass' is'ag §3 82'S--‘ «* : 2, 100 10, 061 103, 329 2, 844 22, 130 35, 703 3 i 2S s ill IS&gSS i s ig| -ss •'•-s' : 1 line is ii mi i i 2 | 12 gfSg« - i 10, 374 14, 208 120, 531 4,596 11,250 47, 643 III! Sfrf8‘£ (8) 90, 805 355, 915 214, 682 1, 100 32, 442 11,813 2, 162 77, 986 11,269 116, 630 48, 115 33, 181 101, 424 56, 339 96, 147 201, 420 101, 111 86, 916 212, 912 69, 305 2, 383 67, 872 16, 857 120, 383 53, 934 105,888 32, 717 48, 500 147, 281 | 111,878 118, 061 30, 398 107, 898 "372, '694' 19, 426 108, 227 88, 644 26, 442 31,054 14, 627 I lisiSSi SI Ills llsg I sllSIlllsf 1 S SII isHlss! S' s'lill'S!' SI Ill's' mi S' IS'l'i'S'l'S'g'2' I S sSf SSsfiKSS H rH* CO of CO CO'*" (N rH I SglSSU II isis sigg § §1* S &S>§3§g3 || gggg rf§fsftf g n"«*8 §S§IS 1 1 111 iiSSSli g&gg §5 S2 ||g SgS‘S‘!S|“SJ 1 giigggs ii isis ms i ng 2 S§ £33^ rfg®’** & ^*‘53 3§ s 111 11 tfgjf rfcd llsl c© co co co § 11a E‘ gs'S Hi SSI :l I IS s 8 a 1 sis * S' 111 m SIS - 1— t CO I-H H i ns a sIslSIs aS lill Slaa a §§a I I" I a Si Si Si la'S'”" 8WS" S' s's'g" §233 00 CO 5 s i §S§ sllllia -■ § s sis msm co^-r^- ~ — r § ii§§§gi ll Sfegi i S gftflfgffggg :«rf *ss*sf to ifflUPif g I IIS ssISSei s? ggs asfsfsfsgs piL IppiS* fill sgaflflbw Illlf ““o.So'S a IHilllll 5 on p. 319. 266 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 22.— EXPENDITURES, CURRENT, 1931-32— Continued Part 1.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued Other nonedu- cational expendi¬ tures a is§ ilS 1 1 IS i a- irfs s' s' is ; il il i ilii ■ i : 1 i rn 1 I 1 I s Total a $49, 306 218, 212 30, 771 411,809 120, 568 254, 156 28, 181 53, 402 25, 278 54, 800 14, 413 23, 395 13. 938 ii Ills ri nm il liis s' Other activities s $25,096 96, 505 12, 993 352, 570 51, 795 68, 248 27, 331 32, 373 3, 465 6, 425 189 6, 770 295 Athletics 3 $11,425 35, 740 17, 778 33, 163 25, 148 850 615 2, 790 17, 438 2, 400 2, 779 2. 915 53, 575 90, 397 18, 605 40, 176 Dormi¬ tories and din¬ ing halls S $12, 785 85, 967 59, 239 35, 610 160, 760 20, 414 19, 023 30, 937 11,824 13, 846 10, 728 235, 189 135, 374 154, 804 18, 493 48, 148 Educational and general Total - $745, 419 482, 711 142, 670 3, 195, 512 504, 437 1, 009, 107 337, 878 470, 880 68, 951 339, 191 1, 292, 041 3, 055, 053 1, 754, 324 383, 750 78, 520 50, 474 566, 122 1, 304, 758 1, 144, 839 1, 023, 520 649, 557 Physical plant opera¬ tion and mainte¬ nance GO $67, 863 78, 904 16,512 316, 213 52, 429 164, 126 44, 211 46, 493 19, 423 45, 073 277, 703 331, 525 129, 288 60, 010 18, 442 9, 675 104, 579 102, 217 97, 596 142, 863 119, 277 Libraries r* $7, 804 26, 646 4, 568 102, 803 7, 341 12, 788 4, 500 4, 210 1,402 5, 000 111 III 1811 fs‘“ rf-sf ass's Exten¬ sion - $162,881 6, 559 (“) 300, 708 134, 400 133, 890 166, 940 7, 367 i il i : itc : : T i 1 1 1 il Sill |= §sss Organ¬ ized re¬ search, sepa¬ rately budgeted - s ijrai i g is i § iH-gsg i § is : iii i ; i-‘ i 13, 708 146, 072 40, 153 255, 429 4, 978 Resident instruc¬ tion and non- budgeted re¬ search Related activities 1 s Li i! i s : I is s ies is i a i i i- “ i ~ i i : i i i i i il 5 j j j- : i i i i Colleges, schools, and de¬ part¬ ments e* 15111s I SSssISI liS ssss gsfSsi $ mtm «s §'§§§' Adminis¬ tration and gen¬ eral con¬ trol N llllsl 1 ISSbSbS Srs Ills gsTs's's'e s' gs'SSas's a'“'s ssfe's'S Institution - Montana State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. . . State University of Montana _ Municipal University of Omaha (Nebr.).. University of Nebraska... . University of Nevada.. . . . University of New Hampshire... . Newark College of Engineering (includ¬ ing Newark Technical School) (N.J.)_.. New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts . _ _ _ New Mexico School of Mines . . University of New Mexico. . Brooklyn College (N.Y.) 12 . . * -J _ Hunter College of the City of New York- New York State College of Forestry _ Agricultural and Technical College of North Carolina* . . . North Carolina College for Women.. . North Carolina State College of Agricul¬ ture and Engineering . University of North Carolina. . . North Dakota Agricultural College _ University of North Dakota . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 267 § i i§S i i 5 i ill ill ill 1 i » i i g i is: iss igs i=s i i ' 2, 700 16, 273 • ii SI i! ! ii i S3 i i :■ 1,816 5, 027 10, 101 llscil 1 S3 ISslsslla 1 es'gss's £ |'g s||sgsgg(-‘ »' -T 167, 670 67, 507 220, 288 14, 801 15, 473 all Isis islsll ase gss« gss'fgs 69, 555 667, 651 8, 656 2, 470 50, 686 45, 670 201,716 20, 038 4, 459 183, 849 81, 196 107, 621 63, 974 16, 028 23, 759 25, 623 4,338 7, 298 167, 670 ? §s 8 11, 687 15, 064 109, 970 604, 517 95, 744 6, 056 1,985 59, 479 11, 030 76, 440 14, 849 119, 395 i 40, 409 21, 706 468, 600 39, 599 24, 244 66, 668 8, 825 5, 932 57, 216 2, 221 82, 650 142, 047 181,791 141,716 9, 001 24, 584 1 1 * esT 2 i is • t>T 4, 075 2, 785 72, 293 66, 312 11,231 8, 232 8,690 15, 396 102, 308 46, 373 28, 932 287, 837 184, 802 88, 082 32, 112 33, 698 44, 595 83, 318 9, 000 31, 630 155, 923 130, 148 235, 382 19, 444 81, 208 171,435 §s ns liss i i S3 §2°°"^ C : 131, 995 21,472 13, 362 ! : _ : : : : _ : : 1S&33S 3 II 3S3SS88IS 3 I IE§ S8S III Bigg 333111 gilSil S s“3 miiiW S 3“ III SSf §ii Hit lliisi' U5 § 5SlSgss|gi8||sg||gg| gg§ SlilSsSlllS ***** S33g§gggS33£g£i oowt^w^^i^N^o^Tjrcooojg 1SI1 usaeo 1181 N*HC sills IllsSlIlis HH « !«eorH 1 i i Total 2 $147, 207 7, 084 344, 598 18, 295 3,068, 551 310, 250 133, 847 248, 736 356, 762 1,225 127, 785 2, 628 181,713 265, 149 635, 617 243, 660 666, 369 146, 991 55, 098 61, 295 Other activities W $112,481 is is 325, 461 41,411 37, 812 20, 645 51, 979 1,212 127, 785 2,628 69, 614 48, 830 10, 524 55, 098 Athletics 3 $34, 726 360 60, 457 886, 914 117,815 28, 001 . 81 . 000 ‘81 i i i ■ i i i ;s i i i®* j i i§ i iic i Dormi- tories and din¬ ing halls O ssi ! sfgsf i 1, 856, 176 151,024 68,034 210, 091 304, 783 i iSSssis iS i isllSSS I® Educational and general Total 05 liSSSIsl slllllsssslgglls ** -r oo- n ~ ~ llilli a© SIgsssIS lllli§g?lllsslSK ** .-T Libraries $23, 158 2,000 35, 329 25, 350 1,602 94 620, 274 28, 814 4,960 §s \m ; « 1 siisiSsi s issssfsa's- Exten¬ sion to I 1 • c S i i » ; i i i i i i . i r Organ¬ ized re¬ search, sepa¬ rately budgeted §8 i -r ; 1 i I gj 1 476, 893 i ii i i® lES i i«o* j i ; i i i j i i . Resident instruc¬ tion and non- budgeted re¬ search Related activities -- $2, 663 i ii 1, 182, 314 1 i i 1' j I i ii 1 IS! iis i isf£ i j j j 1 » » Colleges, schools, and de¬ part¬ ments CO SiSIsSIl illllRilllslSsil Adminis- Liatiuii and gen¬ eral con¬ trol ** slllgjil llisslIllsKBlIII Institution - MASSACHUSETTS Amherst College _ Anaover iNewion i neoiogicar seminary.. Boston University _ cmrK university _ _ _ __ _ _ Episcopal Theological School _ Gordon College of Theology and Missions. Harvard University _ _ _ ... Holy Cross College _ International Young Men’s Christian As¬ sociation College _ Massachusetts College of Pharmacy _ Massachusetts Institute of Technology, . . Mount Holyoke College . . . New Church Theological School . . _ T T • _ ; * . . i>ui tiiettsiem umveisiiy _ _ Portia Law School . . . . . . Radcliffe College _ OIUIIIJUIIS UUliegtJ _ _ Smith College _ _ _ Tufts College . . . . . Wellesley College . . vv iiemuii ^ _ W illiams C ollege ... _ Worcester Polytechnic Institute _ HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 277 sssss i iiSSS 191 1 ilssls a .1 :i ; :ll : :s sill il i «?3«©*r ; jo-ao- 1 r i§f jfe'rfg'f!f ;S‘ v : ;» : : O^* OT |-H j 18, 355 115, 368 38, 765 77, 666 12,025 18,319 66, 037 34, 278 • 8, 113 45,612 54, 331 3, 800 130,885 15, 777 11,287 452, 809 18, 991 100,211 11,579 50, 031 192, 086 51,751 9, 179 36, 028 490 68, 122 6,204 57, 500 | 156,957 35, 038 3, 061 23, 721 32, 384 8, 327 2, 170 47, 134 43, 219 7, 277 44, 335 1,963 21,987 5, 155 18,319 520 3, 208 3, 059 5, 622 3, 790 46, 798 2, 129 10, 938 67, 183 2,810 6, 558 2,413 7, 213 52, 595 1,780 9, 179 13, 563 1,927 IIS w'wig s i T 00 ' ' ill! 1 ££ ilsls is a iSI§§ i Ills IsSisSlIglillll ;S'8'“ 2CC|0000« on p. 319. Table 22.— EXPENDITURES, CURRENT, 1931-32— Continued Part 2.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLE: 282 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 O O o I O O CS X * do® SI r Su? I igSI is§ !S !-h ilSSS § Sailing -BUS a .g'-s © S’g bO q a ^ -2 ilsl : ^TtC^r ii <3>rH H oT^ iES 38S3B 1 i 2 £ 2||| i i II sBllS C>® S® S§ i IlilKlii iss -r a ; gl-28 : a g '3 g °s a a ■ >»5 a® g. C3 p W)X3 £ Of o I'd £ ® > Slssl as^'s S IBsssSll I1SSI s 5'ssaass- — »sss lie oTefKf 1 eISSI^ i i il i • t>T ; : II il i ill II ins !-' i i gg »'■»' i 8“ i i : i i i . . ! il IS i : ico u : ; : i : il ill ii i i” i~ss is i : i : : is isgfllg is' is's”^ i i i§§ fs 21, 575 49, 932 16. 523 22, 546 19, 294 '”64*198* 26, 400 15, 564 3,496 88, 440 28, 128 24. 524 1 isg ii is ill is i S iss is is i s' is' -' SlfsiiSsIlililliSsIlsi IS llliSiSSIliSIslIll I 5s^'s=sss'ss'ssa'ggsgsaga§| s'S sfs|s'5rs'Essss|fss's5'g's| s' on p. 319. Table 22.— EXPENDITURES, CURRENT, 1931-32— Continued Part 2.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 288 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Other nonedu- cational expendi¬ tures §i iisii as i* ~ 21, 118 § il s? \* 1,322 17, 632 27, 636 855 57,289 13 SS33E3SS 1 ill i!i§ i o Eh a |g2 Sf“W g gas; r" rjgo^- j CO sg.2 §338133 § gsl §3§ i Jr£ c3 s ass- — S3 ww^r of^M j s ssis i i is i 1 sii ill ! 3 3 s HgH^ | j jr* 5^° j ' j r S3 oeOTf !a0«O | 9 s sss I!!! sas !SI! sssasase SS‘gg^S“S5 cSSSS u* §383! rfggtfg l-g A g-S § •a p ca d s S td a) _.P PI Q, CP S3 cs gft§£sB §igia§ii OCC Tfi" CO t-r CD ill srgss iiili ^sfsfcfg ii! «£se,~ 318 rhCON ill •rt’C ffl •+j c3 © fl 6J0X3 ® ci'O 2 S o 3 ^ g-^ s P3 •gS 45 '£ ©H Ph ° g w , bC’oXJ- _§T5 c3 © o-g a ag O w =3 SisSISsS 1SI SssT siaii ;a g s g_ 3'hMoo ■3 gin?*3 s sssss'ss as fag gas's sags s' ill sililiili sslSlSIS S§S?ls II „!iSifi sssl s's'ss “asssasas s'ss~-‘»'fis gasssi s's s-»sS“‘ss ”=ss See footnotes on p. 319. 290 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 W o m w “ i-3 ►4 O o *? a; O o a < g.83: O 0-0 r 0*" S.i ll&S-is Ph +3 » a £« j, >»-! C3 P Ss j b£T3 *3 S*-S 1 J; S © 8 £1 O.s CO *"* ; T3 © ^ *£> 'Sts « 2 -5 ®-a cd ® o-g sag O M 03 w g § ® §- aSttoo » 03^0 r2-b ^ hi fl S <1 © lO * c (N tCcO < 00 00 05 00 ” H 05 rt< oo § 2 t" o cam a =3^2 n.2 ® Eh 2 : * CO a §3 ■2 & S'o HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 291 i !!!!!! ii i ii : i! : ; | : S3 : ::::::: ii i - i i : i : : : ; : : : . •<•••• ... . . ! ! 1 ! 5 1 ; ! : : ; , I I§§sSi§ 11 1 II 1 IS 1 I S SI 5 a sssstis S »'£ s' ass a a S s' g g 1 181831 11 I i i 8 Is I 1 g 2 N s'a's's'g'*" CQ*H CO i i “a 1 2 sf s 5 i liim ii i 1 ! 1 is i 1 1 s I OOMWCtOOO is w ~ j rH !h • cj s s' of co sgli i i g 1 ii § Ii § g I I 1 i CO eCrfoocf | j i» o sgf s 2 QO Sf 8' | I slISIl 81 1 SI § Si § 3 I si s S' s‘58ilS *f S' s' s'| g 1 s' | g i I lallsl 38 1 Hi SI s I I IS I 2" s's'ss'a's's' -'s' s' »' s'r s' g s' s' g s' H lilgll 88 1 i§ § V eow eo j<* cs«f o eo w ® Q 2o 1-T 3 § a ® S |§s Bts « *> ©‘X3 P5 2 o M ® , M S?©^ n r-P c3 Q) 0'S a o-S Q w 03 dSMOO 3*13' r-. 03 O S lO 05 to o 2 g ’So > >>c3 ®£ be §<3 >o w I! 2 II § r H ”-3 S3 °£ © o tc o I p I >» ;o © a ?! Sal 08 | — ilS if® iSI i : ir4\H : of i h i : : : : : : : : : : • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • ■ 8, 427 5, 974 i i i i i ! i i i ! j | i i : i : : : : : ::::::: ::::::: ! ! 1 1 ' ' j : i i j j j 1 i § S3 388388 i 8§S83§S8§§183§§ 8833888888 8 88 SfSlfSSSS 8 S^2&®£SSS$3 See footnotes on p. 319. Table 22.— EXPENDITURES, CURRENT, 1931-32— Continued Part 8— JUNIOR COLLEGES, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued 308 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Other nonedu- cational expendi- $36,617 i j ;.S I > 1 i l < Total 12 $3, 123 3 i i! Tf : u §1 IS 1 3§§ j os of or CO ill ; $3, 150 5, 552 4,417 4, 400 6, 865 9, 887 6, 027 3, 155 707 5,285 2, 450 6, 831 2, 750 5, 555 7, 830 3,950 9, 860 Institution - LOUISIANA Ouachita Parish Junior College - Southeastern Louisiana uoliege - MARYLAND MICHIGAN Junior College: Bay City . . Flint _ _ _ _ _ Grand Rapids. . . . Migniand Barit. .. . . Jackson . . . . . . Muskegon. . . .. Port Huron . . . . MINNESOTA Ttacno Tnninr Pr>lloT v ; j « T 383 1, 559 373 1,116 1 1,840 § j 929 4, 709 2, 000 135 1 -r 8 i 111 -dr-T K i 1 i§ ill 1 § s s' s' 1,019 432 14, 048 25, 000 1,900 37, 136 2, 250 4, 500 11, 448 9, 654 6,000 2, 500 2, 825 11,225 1,231 15, 396 6, 486 10,899 20, 440 9, 814 200 9, 488 300 5, 170 s saas in siisisss urns asssaisa § s I Sfcjggi ogoT^gorC^ Sfrfeftftfof gf « i sass sis assiaass saasaa ; i o jHeot^rH ojd-T ooohhVmooo co«n ^ < ID O O ID 00 CD co 00 ID isT ot O CM *DCO ! 0 ! 8 8 O 00 ss till 0 0 I 1 • 1 1 1 • 1 :& ; 05 CS CQ • • • 1 till ID 1 1 1 1 till till 1 1 1 1 «°l.a !8§ O ID 05 ^ CO CO 05 T C^f 05 coco op ^ a © © Sa°sfi“ OOOOt^ 82 •O 00 6J £xi • 03 O g’S ® MTJ 5- £--2 M Lj''|S2'§ JE> 0« T3 © ©S * > ©3 K 2 © w © MO'S 1 S-O © 2 t- P S3 S'O £ ® 3«gns Q to <3 a O ® Or-, •g-r5 bfi o o |S?2“ c3 © MOO ^ O CO *D *D 00 oTcd 05* ID (M «oV®Vhmw r>T jco If co^-ocdoT^-tCj-j I 58743—35 - 21 on p. 319. 316 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IIS 1 § 50 of ~ CO of 1 1 CO of 1 00 11- "sf i j Is o il i is i il i o : |i>r : iio : 36 1 1 7, 250 19, 500 17, 625 20, 100 36, 892 S1I §111 tOrf ~ 1 a gS8 r— T tjT lllllli s°s«a-‘a 8S I 00 tt" t- 1 1 of 1 eoVo S8 1 £ 00* i §§ass if - vn . c § 3 & SIS ii Ills 1SIsS§ Biliili 111 I sS‘S“ SI UiiS ^as I csmV nT cfgTjT i-HodN^TeJ -coVn i is § ! co ! : ill i i i i ii i i i i ii i.| il i is 3 ; i ; i i- i i i is ,'^-r : ill 1 ill i isgi§ 8 il ! ! ! i ii iig' Sf HOCO ^ 3 ^ j!5S?8“* s is i ! ' i is 1 lit 1 1 t— £ i i glasses sig sgasssasas s si s i $$mm m immm § n «5 rH (N egcfrHgf H O' U3*£CO^*®g5^rH£*- »gs‘ ass ass’ g‘s‘“=‘ si sag's's's?" gaag s's'sa 4,110 63, 236 43, 250 852, 776 152, 972 37, 821 57, 573 10, 000 1,156 15, 296 II §11 III §11 8 Ssgsssi § i g-g- gas gas gas g sssgSssi «' : 418, 253 88, 355 33, 433 17, 935 158, 348 3, 985 60, 736 43, 250 116, 994 . 106, 913 17, 821 7, 014 1, 156 7, 790 li is t-To“ 1 i in isi § aiisiss i i i 2‘3" §' S' 8=”'3gS‘2“‘ " i 31,488 71, 236 9,158 2, 764 31, 442 II ISI IS sis i‘2s es‘ 191 a ISsIl i** s """W g Slai t ^ £ See footnotes on p. 367. 324 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 •J a co CO H Ph H Pk o P Q £ < < P H P O P H VH P << O 4 3 3 H CALIFORNIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 325 sis gsgllfsi Si Sirii !§8§l§§SlaSI33s§8§ iiiWiiiWglisigi 1131s IsIIIsS iWi¥l eo- ^tfgT Ill g 1 ^11 «" i «r 11 i 5 S' i 139, 938 243,917 II <1 II 8$ 8 si i ££ : © . ill i i i jsi is « oT lli ! © ! in igg I CO in is J5S| is ! © 1 i is jo ig i isf : il is ° 2 si si i |s ; iss i i i Ii- g ; j is io ii i is i §gg 18s 00 I§1 g i 118 s' i H W | is i ;i ; is is SSI si's ii if |S. ii .ef Is l§ SI ii i'S ii S'" i’ ssS II i m is i rH,H jsftS sa’og d d 33 c > » -32 g S fc a §a 2 3d2 -3,5 ^ *S "o 1 IIrsSI Si¥§¥s Sill IssIlsIlSlllll cf -Tco -r o-r ;-2"g'sa'rfSS‘SS2'g'SSgS8‘?!2'S 3, 065 1,312 316 26, 231 6, 905 2, 139 1, 259 31, 482 5, 392 7, 036 8, 403 174 95, 031 ill ;~‘o 111 ceoTw 4, 603 9,001 4,920 161,950 27, 047 5, 149 4, 465 25, 182 633 7, 675 47, 000 15, 485 1, 058, 496 84, 879 5, 683 312, 017 4, 605 3,065 1,312 316 4, 108 4,478 2,139 659 3, 857 5, 392 5, 081 7, 201 174 7, 531 ip ill ofc-TcO fill «***£ il isg i ill i 1 ® jco" if 1 i i ii 8' i i i 975 47, 000 12,310 971,771 84, 879 5, 683 298, 810 See footnotes on p. 367. Table 23.— CAPITAL OUTLAY AND PROPERTY, 1931-32— Continued Part 2.— UNIVERSITIES, COLLEGES, AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 328 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Value of property Total 2 $1, 251, 000 1,133,000 1, 076, 550 108, 596, 769 1,919, 871 4, 244, 130 8, 181, 518 2, 240, 603 1, 117, 728 1,313,000 273, 481 988, 428 240, 245 585, 426 16, 000 125, 000 1, 126, 668 350, 173 640, 184 2, 404, 361 6, 471,862 2, 325, 181 1, 156, 634 11,261,271 1,716, 471 2, 923, 357 Other assets - i $26, 550 6, 977, 526 195, 548 1IS1 i if i is iSil i S'-'-'S i il if r if 1 i i il i| jj! 3 O 1 »o d 1 1- 3 155 Student- aid funds O $51,000 iiS i \m \ i ^ i si ill if SS iss i" §3 i i: is- i i 531, 799 108, 304 141,040 1,522, 464 1, 706, 200 440, 353 \ , uuu, uuu 456, 852 1, 725, 178 Value of equip¬ ment GC (•) $62, 000 60, 000 4,963,888 137, 770 184, 255 559, 196 27, 664 130, 773 92, 000 17, 200 56, 866 19, 111 87, 501 6, 000. 107, 724 30, 715 22, 650 127, 649 72, 062 72, 564 sis ;1S’ >T Value of buildings and im¬ prove¬ ments - £ $923, 000 263, 000 25, 746, 683 697,669 1,588, 470 1, 959, 637 695, 625 448, 090 395, 000 153, 281 73* 987 232, 504 25,000 442, 102 198, 948 104, 914 462, 358 3, 800, 000 2, 165, 181 623, 717 7, 120, 388 887, 384 436, 052 Value of campus and farms CO $1,200,000 98, 000 119, 750 7, 625, 351 168, 603 481, 000 157, 642 86, 670 139, 053 10, 000 28, 000 in iiiisii mil 3SSS ssss's’i g's'fgg Number of bound volumes in library 22, 000 20,900 22, 000 1,013, 532 25, 000 1,000 50, 000 75, 773 40, 000 15, 550 32, 000 7 9, 434 sSl illelll Islil !"c3“>'“ss sagas' Capital outlay Total $2,600 1,513 5, 795, 782 16, 517 is is is • oo «co i o iff 1,838 13, 690 710 si i i; 3 > ' ' $ \ | ; 1,939,634 9,160 Equip¬ ment - i $1,400 1,513 415,413 13, 603 led !*-t ! ! 1 CM 1 1 . 1 1 II 1 1 II 1 1 II 1,838 5, 340 710 si i i: o ; : 44, 295 9, 160 Buildings and grounds e* 1 ill » ;r !«o 1 1 ' H i CO ICO :s :s i JH i ! ;s'f5 12,411 12, 200 602, 629 i 03 £© tCco 3,975 25, 257 7, 750 91,853 23, 639 6, 850 7,709 210 679, 275 16, 320 16, 251 6, 866 1, 000, 000 222, 510 6, 965 2,255 447, 377 14, 039 54, 834 355, 079 502, 143 98, 897 121,844 15, 063 12,411 8,200 50, 143 $ T 70, 768 22, 294 6, 850 : : i il il is' j* i i i 4,466 1, 000, 000 222, 510 447, 377 6, 627 31,014 355, 079 455, 293 93, 569 120, 367 15,063 58743—35 - 22 See footnotes on p. 367. 332 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 333 §lsil gSlHSIIS IISIIIIS S1ISI isgslillslisl I'l's'SI slWsSIg' igSS'sl'gg'iSWI rS -T eo co .-h r-Tco oT^eo^ei ill i i s ii ii i ! i ! i in ££ i i is§ i 1 is la I r i i § iN‘ j i \ i s' §gs- tCjo : ■ i |*f | "'il ! r-f s'= is i is i§ i in in 1 : ill g ils i III Is is’ i i§ i h : !«qo- ; of £ rococo j i j R jgg | s s' -? s's isiis isisisiis § i IIS 1 i : S ill i IIS II pif i g I'll t-h i i s' ill i 111' Si rS ,' rH i -' s' nm ggisisiii usings uni isigiiiiiiiss ag-'s's s'sssss'gsg "|“||sss sfcfagS s's's'gi's'g'gggg's's' -r eo- See footnotes on p. 367. 334 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 335 Sssll ilRli srs IlliSISSSslIlllsgilB SSgllSSii siisi=iiii'gsisis'sEii immm CONHQQHHH^OaC^C^C^H^tOO^ Sill iis'i cft-T usefcOrHof us^T Ills § ilsi § NONCO CO II f 1 us ililg 1 il isa'ss : :2 !§!& i \t*i \ is - i 49, 890 li is si r 134, 600 324, 833 86, 671 il is 7, 941 451,941 4,001,132 387,071 65,561 294, 330 1S11 ins S'SII ;§ig§ ifsr ; r^(N i § I 1 ns ii S-S i; co i » IS i" i |i ' i i is i * “§ i ,-r : 1 sf gf« 1 1 'S O E-1 2 $10, 388, 751 1,869,988 1, 461, 470 769, 000 3, 478, 250 781, 805 5, 021, 001 1, 577, 976 2, 728, 396 13, 362, 862 8, 285, 790 13, 918, 362 10, 619. 475 65, 924, 228 15, 667, 045 1,602,991 3,113, 798 564, 807 510, 877 919, 785 179, 000 2, 478, 180 49, 111,909 2, 140, 670 499, 328 991, 075 1, 068, 680 650, 809 U CO co X, co O 03 - $148, 376 15, 346 5,898 j is 1 7,921 69, 225 139, 500 970, 385 131, 708 2, 916, 949 1, 327, 562 13, 879 334, 101 33, 856 170, 270 400, 000 34, 245 28, 360 14, 000 Student- aid funds O $36, 593 250 1 il s is iss iii \m *3™ ii" in S i i m | i ; -r I | l is is 3‘ if ;■ ills i »S-'S§ i Endow¬ ment funds C5 $5, 635, 507 937, 756 174, 322 1 il Hi \oi 272, 343 772, 204 7, 298, 629 4, 642, 515 8, 816, 644 5, 197, 751 35, 679, 186 6, 074, 847 363, 128 1, 550, 331 320, 615 5 isSSIfil i ; :Slfs¥s i i S3 i Value of equip¬ ment GO $759, 632 116, 703 402, 500 64. 000 338, 750 104, 805 326, 534 235, 205 375, 245 1,619,845 533, 984 420, 558 543, 507 3, 625, 599 817, 005 51, 144 345, 643 13, 413 26, 832 110, 078 10, 000 301, 479 2, 484, 691 308, 432 88, 158 94, 686 75, 799 52, 529 Value of buildings and im¬ prove¬ ments - $3, 453, 600 739, 933 753, 750 487, 000 1,880,500 502, 000 2, 326, 184 1,018,512 1,284,586 4. 092, 777 2, 000, 188 2, 562, 598 2, 997, 421 20, 264, 79? 6, 393 417 824, 840 850, 479 9, 924 289, 000 357, 609 149, 000 1, 130, 375 19,112, 302 794, 370 150, 887 356, 447 313, 500 442, 280 Value of campus and farms ililllslss §ii§ 11 IlslsSSlIli Number of bound volumes in library lllliSis!l§i§l!il Illlsilllll Capital outlay 'S O Eh - $544, 636 21, 146 9,000 1,327 36. 609 4,075 7,915 87, 509 96, 676 10, 982 709, 699 61, 744 1 is il: $ |s r' 200 11,000 169, 086 i iil i : : Equip¬ ment e* $41,814 11,723 9, 000 1,327 13, 306 1,630 3311! isi -•ssfs-» jSS I il il: s 200 10, 000 169, 086 ! ill : ! oo : ; ; i jrtrH r i i i j I 1 ii in igggssis Iss Ii \gg igsf-rf " if- r \Z- j™ \* i i ill is ig i g ill i is i i i i is iiiisi iiisi in i ! i** is is T i i • • Student- aid funds ® $198,898 18, 000 194, 808 30, 380 26, 491 31, 646 i j is ■ : ! ! o 1 1 1 CO 1 1 1 $4, 763 Q 144 i i i < • i ( r | J ! Endow¬ ment 1 funds 05 $2, 454, 012 688, 438 245, 533 1, 452, 935 2, 762, 670 275, 000 1, 324, 084 141,937 661 415, 138 79, 316 107, 473 937, 940 175, 000 Value of equip¬ ment GO sS llSslilllllsl $99, 459 121, 500 56, 203 72, 000 40, 400 Value of buildings and im¬ prove¬ ments $1, 105, 079 630, 154 316, 890 570, 000 1, 292, 620 3, 078, 391 120, 000 767, 300 191,600 956, 003 208, 675 192, 937 333, 410 300, 751 1, 000, 000 $581, 449 750, 000 580, 900 448, 500 625, 000 Value of campus and farms O IS lillillsIISli a's ss|g's'|s'|gasss' ** -T II f 44, 000 184, 853 40, 000 Number of bound volumes in library ii iiiissiiisisi 20, 545 16, 080 12, 551 9, 623 15, 659 Capital outlay Total ■*< $38, 930 5, 633 1,675 3, 190 40, 422 745, 914 1,069 7. 032 ii ii i'cs i $3, 241 954 877 2,319 1 1,960 Equip¬ ment - $19, 762 1,491 475 3, 190 15, 902 96, 259 1,069 5. 147 si is ;> i ALABAMA State Teachers College: Florence _ _ _ Livingston Montgomery1.. . ... . Troy . . . . . HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 345 is is I II5§|8 IS! §l§ ial 11 ss s ii is s mm m m m a m i HH i— T 1-4 t-Tt-H* oo ii £ =51 *tfS Sal si §8 rtrH i II ii snail 1 ii ill ill Si II § Ss? ds r-T lO ^isssS 2 iS m sss Ss if s §E ii i ililii III in IIS II ii 1 sfs S'S 3 SfidSSS CONOCO 85g‘£ ssa 5SS 8 ii IS g iSIlii ill in 915 IS S3 i 33 lOCN sisiff? S8g as §8 i is IS 1 IIIIS i §21 in ill S3 Sf5f » S See footnotes on p. 367. Table 23.— CAPITAL OUTLAY AND PROPERTY, 1931-32— Continued Part 3— TEACHERS COLLEGES, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED— Continued 346 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 347 issiHi as 1! s i I I II ! 1 §8| |s S's'f'SIS SI IS i 1" I" 1 !S S' I IIS' i~l I 7, 500 21,316 25, 000 5,681 1,400 5, 000 49, 250 5,300 7, 000 il 1 j i-T «o • ii ~" 8 s 888 OJO ills 58743—35 - 23 on p. 367. 348 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 ^ m 03 > T3 T3 ^ « to O G'O ■d o) a e g d da® l** fis- ||gas o3 „ 2 a'O S d3 H 03 c3 Bog g d-° a.-2 £ o o” P.-W ■3g SB 2 a a S c3 o *o o oo aTi o CM oo CM* CM* §8 O CO o ^ i-Tio CM 'CO CM CM 00 323 lO 05 CO CM 00 O 88 03 a © o Et'jj -2 2 © ® ^ E-* ® > >S ‘SO © 5° > c3 a-S ^ g '3 E-1 8 © ’-t "d O © 55S o o o o 22 ss * © © M 03 £ * o tx * w fc JM 2© & s §H2S o i>r2 w m«g.S © £ 88 82 O »o O 3 03 eS M _X o O CS M © A E-1 o i_Q Sf-a Ob* asw Jnfd w O <1 go 20 o ■g°J§ 2 w 2 M’s g h ® g a3ja « Phj3 ® « O « 2^ ® & -Sg*EH s^l Ills 2 8 a 5 |o gS 03 , -S CO ato m rl ft 03 U- CO 28 < 28 88S > CO O O CM > CO O O co ) t> © © ^ r°°‘ 288 Oh O ^h io iCiC »0 O — i CM CO ^*0^1 Vcf COWN I g §8 ri>Tod CO 1-H ©5 © bo © P © HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 349 Si IliISS IllSiSSSIglls s i III II m mm smmmm s = m is efcf (N%-T r^r^^r^eO _on p. 367. Part 5.— STATE NORMAL SCHOOLS, PUBLICLY CONTROLLED 352 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 353 I Is! m I ISIS iilllli il i il Sis s m m 5 ii's's- is t ** §w rS HH ! 42, 278 62, 672 183, 394 16, 000 39, 700 45, 100 60, 000 42, 907 134, 423 176, 193 76,000 55, 194 55, 000 181, 000 17, 000 62, 500 50, 000 42, 000 130, 000 § 8- 44, 514 34, 500 19, 861 55, 779 25, 070 S sil ill isi i iiiiiii i 1 II IIS S' I’ll r-T SIS' sm i isWi'i rH i S' SI ffi i igi ill 1 Hi! I il ill i § 1 i § il £££ 2-s-s a 88 j j s is ;■** j S' 8 i 3- :8 S IS! ill 1 His iisiiiiii 1 IS §§5 “22 i>T jh © oi rC co os" oo co © V © of uSV ©COlO i §11 il i i § i ii SSI iSIil i i 8§§ | S'S* !^r j of of ; J of NQOO* 1 JO 0*00^ i i i ”Z3 : : ® §11 si otfco £ of li"‘ Bill U36 See footnotes on p. 367. 354 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 73 O C o O ! O hP < i— i O I. CO 3 co TtH*oot>r«“o ^nfto 4,938 6, 195 500 1,684 4,291 669 2,800 7, 370 15, 000 51,800 260 704 1,100 384 250 6,225 480 1,250 11 787 5,806 500 1,684 4,291 669 2, 000 870 5, 000 1,800 260 704 ill 480 450 8*6 QZ 4, 151 389 i |S II eo 1 i i S : ; 001 ‘I 5 ZL ‘S £82 jS 1 i j i See footnotes on p. 367. 360 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 361 iiisiisiissise §§! i s mmmmmi mi g i is iiiisiiiiii§si §lls IS ss S8 SI 22 II i-Teo II ScS gg g*g »— r si i i i I I i 3 s a li «o Iglslll iilsll 2'gSS I g|f|” IlseSIII illSil II s’rssssss igssg's sss SI IlsIlllSIIISsi ss ,o‘s's‘i8«-''g'*-'ss‘aga's ililii jnaais III 3 I -siiis mma m g g ii ii iiiiiiiiiii IS ll£iW°SlSisg msiiiiisssi in ssa's£,“g8s§'gss£ g-s II is isi iiiiii ii «‘§‘gSgfi””S!5‘SKS See footnotes on p. 367. Table 23.— CAPITAL OUTLAY AND PROPERTY, 1931-32— Continued Part 8— JUNIOR COLLEGES, PRIVATELY CONTROLLED— Continued 362 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 §8 COCO 88: o co < a co '0-73 3 3 13 3 a ga owo oo OiQN lOO ONO CO © ©©'!'* COCO 8*8 S3* ® a-g 3 £3 G5 Oi % ” CO o o §.s§®3 22x3 2 § >|§na 82 COIN 3_ « ® S s a a c S£‘ !!»& ill! (2, o o’” 1 > 88c oococ WOK) cooio 88 O CO ©CO* 2.® o*g r-rl H 88 60 W .3^ 2 1 3 •HOJO a a X3 O ^ §£ ® ®*0 o I-S9 o2§ § a o>£ SPH ® 03 o a >» a a s'i S >o S §> 35 2 a 3 3 o5 OS o ^ a> CO 3 pTj hr c> s*3 O o ~*o §m .3^- tQW O 5 *“2 OPh P ^ «rH §a£ < H P? W Ph o Ph Ph Q £ <3 <3 P O HP <3 HH PH <3 O co © si ° «- s .. fc5.2 2 § ®ja Si! ill Is! llllSsl=SS O g> M to « -3 S VI 0&<} mofc O o3 5 o Total in all 69 land- grant institu¬ tions CO 1,685 16, 086 357 13, 573 2. 763 5,462 In 17 Negro land- grant colleges 1 »-3 *0 t"« CO 00 ^ rH O 00 ^ CO 05 ^ rH CO 03 CO In 52 land- grant institu¬ tions Per¬ cent 10.8 17.6 7.1 20.0 10.4 19.3 Num¬ ber eo 1,480 15,599 211 13,205 2, 539 5,071 1 1,464 in¬ stitu¬ tions i w 13, 706 88, 487 2, 973 66, 055 24, 351 26, 291 a « ® to t? fl OT ,5 2^ Ph 3 • •0 a o i" i © 5-T3 ! C3.G.2 ! 3 « O Ti ^ ^ © ® S’2-c& •S3«-§ 5fa ^§3.50.gs 'S a .2 a 9^3 © •§ « 0 o O 3 CO H 2 2 ® |§ § - *3 13 j- m .2 .2 ° a a h to *3 Ec-e ” -°® £ ©0 +j ® ©S g ^ © g © g 8 sa'as^®^ g § ©° «j l • co i • co 11 | | j CM | i 54.8 100.0 33.6 O i CO I CM i i t>- INH rH IH(N 1 CO CM 05 CM jO o co co 05 05 ^aNO CO ^ rH cc CO CO ! |CM i CM i 105 1 ICO j CO icorf CO 1 05 CO CM » 00 «h o o CO CM CO lO O 1 CM ] O 1 O DC CM i © CO CO I CM CO ICO co CO rH 00 00 CM CM 2, 353 1,393 234 2, 055 i CM 05 1 co j 05 1 ICO | 1C i 1 CO CM i i M<* CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 as IO co CO CO lO i I to 1 1 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a co |C J>» k- HI I© CM Irf iff h» oo o i £- r>. 1 05 l CO i i § © t> 1 1— 05 rH © rH 00* co" | CM CM iO i O C5 © 1 © CO co i o o GC CO w |»«h CM 05 t>T I CM CM 05 lOCC 1 CO 05 1 05 CO CO as ICO 05 81 1,220 30 1,840 C5 3* CM 1 H 05 rH 00 ko 05" OO* 1 1 CO I 1 00 CO 1 1 1 1 1 1 co* j^s T> r-4 1 I CM lO 1 IT« CM i it? I l l l I i i ' CM CO w* CM 1133 h*-. S3 ^ O ICO to I r- u- i o lO I l-H CM CM t- CO «* L htf ^ 05 H ^TcT © 1^-rp © i cm cm CO I 05 ? | CO © CO »(0 rH CO 9, 005 10, 304 1,280 9, 645 co © co I >0 rH ' t- CO i o t>* CO CM O 05 1 CO uo ‘harmacy - - — ’heology _ Veterinary medicine - ill other _ g ; : o I ! •a i ® o •' 5 •o o, a > .5 21 — T3 •2 Sa © £ o ^ OH >< fc O w H g 03 P5 H > s p Q £ m H O W h5 h5 O o &H 55 « O Q £ <1 to pip 0 H o tf w P4 5* « H h5 0 o s « 0 D « o ◄ § 55 w w « o w ft ft £ <5 03 H 55 W S 0 0 o tf 55 H I. Ph Percent of first degrees conferred in land-grant institutions, year ended— Num¬ ber 1931-32 r» 1, 987 206 209 1, 550 9,808 228 1,800 4,106 6,777 184 484 954 1,249 997 211 877 65 94 224 768 348 1, 013 620 481 1 » 28, 473 1932 CO ONNimOOOCO'l<'JtH(MmoOf-INtDNt> r-: ' ‘ictj! "t-nec^eo * co * * ' c4 r-< co c4 <-i CO rH 1931 MO rHC0C0G505l^OM0CM00,^05M0'^»Ct^Ot^CMt^C000^CM * * to 05 *00^* * rH CO MO CO *HH * rH CM »— ? CO CM CM CM HH 1 i I i 1 1 l i 1930 | ^CO*OC5TtfC5©t>.CMCO^OCMt^iaoOC©MO»-lOOCOCMt^CM ’ * M0 O * CO *rHTj4lCCO * rH * " rH CM r-H rt? CM* CO i 1929 CO COCOfcO©COCOOO‘COO©^00»-OC5^^TjiCMOT?iO^OT?oOC3HT?NONHOw: o id© ^22 ^ ^ “o ^ co rH co co 1 Percent of enrollment of resident students, in land-grant institu¬ tions, year ended— Num¬ ber 1931-32 as co©cocMt'-r^coioco»OTf4coo5oot^r^C5cococo»ooor^r^ OMhhcohinu:hOHO)OOHlOO)®®T|i(!OOOM»OiiO»H ’ * >o H ‘woo ' ei co ‘ nl * * " r-i * c4 H 1 1930 co OOX^OiOHHiOO^NOOOOCOONONNOO^OO * * iO* CO rH 00 05 O * rH CO iO ^ * * * rH rH* CM* CM* CO CO CM 9 1 1 » 1 1929 MO 0)NiONNO«®0)N®®OS'l ‘ 'u-j^Hood® ‘ r-i cd tjI ^ ’ •»$< ' ' ' c4 H c4 c4 c4 CO HH 1 OO CM 05 TfI^^C005©©00rH05^OC0t^©O5iO©C0rHrHXO05CM I- ’ * id ^ rH t^O © *fH^idcd ’ CO * * * CM* IH CM* rH CM 1927 CO TtNOM» O CO O CO Oi 05 CO O C 00 O CO *-• t- 05 2 2 3 3 3 3 O o o o o o o o MtlMM a a o a CZ CZ 03 c3 a a a a >-CO ; rtShSOO.Hkm I I # "2 c3t3 o o q ® car; i ta 8 s— ©Jxi » aqgi 528. 2— uoASoSwoo® £3®®ncScPcP'Smx3 ^73 5 -2 -2 • laljfffljilligg •'*)OHi9pLiP-o 08 S 1 ® :'6’3'c g O £ - fedd'c5b»®'lg1 •S fc-2.8 2 >>§^,3 ® •S..1««ll g|.2.§ o a ® .0.2 -S ®^2aa £b Part 6.— FINANCES 385 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 386 £> ^ co r, H H o 55 ◄ £ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 _ b0 53 c3 o Qto Eh^p 2 5 o 5 603 *> g m o3 p 3 «S 3 OO S o.2 11 1C c3 8S flS ip *C 03 •2*c r/- . P o o o ®~S3.a £>S^ C3 oSp SQ<<< o.t: 53 3 p c 53 <5 m . . O c/2 .s 5 8 +* bo e c, 2 'O _ b£).Cw V2 W -*-> r-« a 2 2 9 - a - o> >2 ' 2 <=> e a-0 . g a >, S SB £2 42 G © o H a fta Ilf caSC •3x3 o-2 2 a ^2 •a <3 OT 1—1 1 • * P c/3 6lb • • S-o o.H 2 3 x5 £"0 © gSlBlij £’SOBf? ft 03 0*3 &>-5 WP=< •£xj'3 © o te t. 03 ^ 'O “2 o a o Si* ®!‘3 a g a poi 2 03 ® la* «.§ « ;os5 >HmO 5 S ?- ► c — > ■SxJ J3 & . 3 S g! p .. sa C c aii 03 £ oq “ o2 2 r« o2 -a a a ® * B g2 2 3 3X3 °‘5 £•- §•$ £.03 .“0 M E | ® p H DJ © o a§ 2 a o o 3.2 -o o 2-° ® a S to ® J3. a .► .-0^0 X3 £ >» O fcfl£i s'S 3 2 3 o o 0J3 ,S"t! ® *© a •g-2 a b 3 h > © © ^XJX3 - ®5 § ofS o ‘f p I PS a O fl — rv O CD rrj TO .p © T* ® C^c, w 2 ® 3 3® 2 l|Uiil ■ o2 a-« 00 o ® 1 a § 8 §*5 sf Table 25.— FACULTY MEMBERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF IN LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 387 Total faculty, re¬ duced to full time, excluding those employed for jt Women e* unnan 3SS882 Men w 1-Sls Ssssgs §§ISS Sllsl §Sls§ “ cf ** ~ r-t Organized research Other a CM coo ! ! ZS . ts :::::::::: js £ iM22 is . ' x ! ^ •' » 1 LO < tural and ex¬ periment stations ® | 88283 3 i i i 119 183 48 Extension service | home and club & CO C5W03 00H O CO M CM iO 00 CM H CO » < r- CM • 88 2888$ 8 88S i Agricul¬ tural ijftl exten¬ sion GO 8^2 is °°2&=*2 §S8SJr§ 8 r 56 42 41 Univer¬ sity ex¬ tension r* CM 1 r-* lO 1 I CM CM O l> i ! < h co co i i 1 1 ' ' « ® g 3 ° 2 i £ 061 I Corre¬ spond- CO i »ONH i CM t'- CO i U- i • :283 i j i 8 24 48 17 is i Summer 1931 ' 03 Oi 00 O CO CO o ^ CM nnn 88882 88288 282$ j i • Resident instruc¬ tion, 1931-32 Women - ““^ag isi 8888S; Men CO SSS§3 —Is §S!al ssggg ,-T ,-T General admin- istra- men and women N 8*S8S 82383 22888 gS°°883 229382 Institution - Alabama Polytechnic Institute . Alaska Aerrimiltiiral College . . University of Arizona _ University of Arkansas . ... . . University of California _ _ _ Colorado Agricultural College _ _ Connecticut State College _ _ University of Delaware.. _ _ _ University of Florida _ _ _ _ University of Georgia _ _ _ University of Hawaii. _ _ _ University of Idaho _ _ _ University of Illinois _ _ L’uraue university (tna.; _ _ Iowa State College _ _ _ _ _ Kansas State College _ _ _ University of Kentucky _ ..... _ Louisiana State University _ ... .... University of Maine. . . .. .. _ University of Maryland _ . _ ... Massachusetts State College. . . . ......... Michigan State College . . . University of Minnesota. . . . ........ . Mississippi State College _ _ _ ...... ... 1 Not reduced to full time. a Included in' Table 25.— FACULTY MEMBERS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND INSTRUCTIONAL STAFF IN LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932— Continued 388 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 o c.2 « = g 3 3 M © to >> o— ■ lllig I co 28 06 § WON. r^cicsvovo ^ t>- < GON*©OOCO OWW! CO t>. C^l rH 00 CO CO < OWOON HNWNH T-H r-l CO CS CO •g-agSfl Is® 0.2 <5 « S.-S O ^ ^ r-i ^ HWC 1 *o CO CO CO CO c io. 59 82 ©TJ ® fcflo o o P o a® 1-23 les a) w VO COCS-^ WO vo ( rH CN W rH WCOO( r^CCOl IWhW CO 05 ICO O vo vO vO 88' cow^f coo5 Tfocococo vooo^osr^ rn,-icsio5N- TfOO»OCO ^^WCOO 05 00W005 ^oooooo CO CO rH C* Nr-IH VOHW^ »-H CS Cl fe-S g I gTJ I a S-J2 O a S I ©X3 M c<3 © VOHCO rH CO r COiMCOrHCO HWWO ScScSfo^ ft mi! cn^ J; >. wr2,C > p © © © ^ ©£££ oSooo 'co q ’55 w 'ot ®5 © © © > a > >.► a°'S ‘S’3 ’ in o 3 © o bJCr'N ©W w w _ Sm Mo we O >_ •q © *5 cq |H S a os ‘3.2o 2^ P *S © ^ ®l^i'® J3 ,3 3 ® o o o rtlziofcfc e © O r-P ^Po 0*3° ©-■o’C © 2 •g ”-<“Ph ® tail “•glss “B“h| T3 T5 S •" rR q MO OU Ki © K o©Sbat> 'SS'2>9 & >■ 23 2®'S x3®gq^ 5U OOOPP PPi HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 389 Table 26.— STUDENTS OF COLLEGE GRADE IN LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932 390 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 u as .'go « 3 g g I 8*888 SSSS tjT IISss 13333 siagg rH« (NrHrH rH l-s ffl 53 a isSflS ©3 § g SSISS lsg§ -r .H ^‘oo r-r cn llsis --a'-'"” Islla nmVhm SS8IS HMCOHH f>> l^a °-l§l ii ii j^- i mu NNH mis rH rH i am rH-rc* 1 1 !88§ ! eo ISSSg rH SISI! rH ”88 : co 8 !§IS ! rH § :2s! §1111 rH* Hill »g!i rH «N p g a S o-g ® W ffl §s!l§ oT sgga| Ssags rH* CO rH* illll 8*a8a H«S gsili rH* HHO ilsls rH MH 38118 rHOT^TcO Slags I2S5S eo-esfoo-H 5 P ooo rH SSgSg 8-3*6 rH S0 IISss NH ISIsr slssl ISila r-T ooeo ef h«nh(n efei^rH HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 391 >NCOH (NMrf ssisi SSS1I elliS Issss sss: IIII8 V-TlO r-T sllgg sllss Isslla co © rt< oo © ^ ^ c^j ©co I iS r-T IrH* r-r _r iiiSs -T U» Table 26.— STUDENTS OF COLLEGE GRADE IN LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932— Continued 392 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 27.— STUDENTS PREPARING TO TEACH-IN 52 LAND-GRANT INSTITUTIONS FOR WHITE STUDENTS, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 393 See footnotes on p. 395. 394 p$ < m H £ W CQ L_l O y c c C £ BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Graduates specializing by special subjects School admin¬ istration or super¬ vision uatnoAi » 1 CM CO ! CO U8JAI S j CM M U9J\[ - to rfi HIM rJH CO 05 to -l CM o Aremud ‘uajiBSiepuisj ’ ‘fooqosojj o ^ U- 05 o CO Teacher-preparing stu¬ dents in regular session Graduates uaraoAV to 1 ^ ! o C5 O i >. t- \ £ ) . > > ’e j i — . > 2 . pi a C c il >< • a; S i!z D \> \£ l> >'« 1 p 1 c ;c a v •c :c ; g r— . c :c p « '3 i«j c c € ’ Ph Univ. of Puerto Rico . | HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 395 1 ' ! | i i O ii — © 1 1 i i : : i i ' ' ■ . ' ^ © 1 1 1 »" • i ! : ! | ! : i • 1 'C50 CO CO i i i i ; ; ; | * e* • ; r : : £ 121 0 ; i co ! j C* ON 172 3 i i” « i •' cc lO 00 tal 52 colleges.. . . •tal in 17 Negro colleges _ dSSh 31*11 II 5874 o%8> °° HH If = 5 "53 Table 28.— MORRILL-NELSON FUNDS— RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF FUNDS RECEIVED UNDER ACTS OF CONGRESS APPROVED AUG. 30, 1890, AND MAR. 4, 1907, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 396 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS 397 Table 29.— -FEDERAL LAND-GRANT FUNDS OF 1862, PRINCIPAL, INCOME, AND DISBURSEMENTS, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1932 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 398 HIGHER INSTITUTIONS o ■§ 399 S2K : : = : : :s ill M i M ig r'sr i i i i !§f % i ■ | i ; 8 : : :8 : : : : :2g :g g 1 Mi Ml M ! il - j i j j j j j j j*- i- ■ ' ' » • ■ ■ ' ‘ ■ 184, 718. 20 334.3!) 185,052.5!) 2£§8S £SS®S SS3S3 £§S§£S ssssss s§S £ llll'l iSill aiisi mm siiii! 31 S' .ONOrfiO O^t-'.CC© ©joioVr.o woohV ©wVT.o-jtC m I - s -8 i is i i i iss i i i i§ i i i i i i i i i i§ ss ss 1 i il i i i :sH j j j j t}5 ! j j ! j j j j i j aj si i’ jo | | : : :«©- i i i i i i i i i i i i is w S3 tf ££§ is SSS3 i SS3S© SSSSfeS sssss i S3 s in \t mm \ SllSl sisll Sill'S i ii £ r ; esjoow^T noo-V o®V^h j 8- 1 SSSSS 8SS3S SS5S8 S38SK8 882SSS S3 8 mm mm giisl §isii siiisi SI i s?g*" ss^sfs 1 icfjoiotoio C» ffi Cg © --* C5 rN s's' jf a is i i s i is i iiiii G> i i O i i i CO « ' *-* .ii.i (N . r(N i i ii-h . HO S i s 1 il i i 1 i ig i iiiii g i ig i i is i is s'i fc tc ! 1 ! a <3 Ph CO o o eG o CO a © o <3 Ph CO o o eG CO a CD o <3 P< CO O o A O CO a 8 §3 P^ CO o o ,a o CO a o Sh . . . 2 2.6 1 1. 1 1 1.3 3 4. 55 9 . . . - . 5 6.4 5 5.7 9 12.0 9 13.64 9H _ _ - . 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1. 52 10 . . . . . 16 20.5 25 28.4 20 26.7 15 22.72 10^ . . . . 3 3.8 3 3.4 1 1.3 0 0 11 . . . . . 2 2. 6 2 2.3 2 2. 7 2 3.03 11 ^ . . . . . . 2 2. 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 . . . 18 23. 1 22 25.0 14 18.7 16 24.24 More than 12.. . . 25 32.0 9 10.3 5 6.7 0 0 Total . 78 88 75 66 REMUNERATION The data on the remuneration for nurses in training have been changed to give the pay per month instead of per year since many schools reported data in this way and did not give the number of months in the course. In compiling Table 6 on the monthly allow¬ ance basis, data reported by the year were divided by 10, assuming that the course was for 10 months. In training schools in general hospitals 15 per cent of the schools apparently offer no remuneration for services during training in any year of the course. About 45 per cent pay less than $10 per month during the first year, and more than 50 per cent pay between $10 and $15 a month during the second and third years of the course. The remuneration is much higher in schools connected with hospitals for the insane, 48 per cent paying between $25 and $50 a month during the first year. Table 6. — Distribution of nurse-training schools according to remuneration allowed , 1930-81 GENERAL HOSPITALS Year Num¬ ber of schools report¬ ing Schools giving no remunera¬ tion Schools giving less than $10 per month Schools giving $10-$15 per month Schools giving $16-$25 or more per month Schools Percent Schools Percent Schools Percent Schools Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 First year 1 . . . 1,770 275 15.54 810 45.76 622 35.14 63 3. 56 Second year . . 1,761 256 14.54 524 29.75 899 51.05 82 4. 66 Third year . 1, 686 251 14. 89 377 22.36 927 54.98 131 7.77 1 8 schools did not report on remuneration. 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 6. — Distribution of nurse-training schools according to remuneration allowed , 1980-81 — Continued HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE Year Number of schools reporting Schools giving $25 or less per month Schools giving $26- $50 per month Schools giving $51- $75 or more per month Schools Per cent Schools Per cent Schools Per cent 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 First year... . 66 17 25.76 32 48.48 17 25.76 Second year.. . 64 28 43. 75 14 21. 88 22 34. 37 Third year . . 60 11 18. 33 22 36. 67 27 45.00 Table 7. — Summary of statistics of general nurse-training schools , 1930-81 State or outlying part Number Nurse pupils Gradu¬ of schools Men Women Total ates 1 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States . . _ . ._ 1, 778 575 97, 332 97, 907 25, 447 Alabama _ _ _ _. 35 0 1,132 1,132 178 264 Arizona _ 3 0 178 32 Arkansas _ _ 23 0 503 503 136 California _ _ _ _ _ 53 329 4, 395 4, 724 1,324 Colorado _ 20 5 1, 201 1, 206 305 Connecticut _ _ 23 2 1,733 1,735 521 Delaware . ._ . . . .. 6 0 219 219 58 District of Columbia _ 11 0 1,111 641 1,111 234 Florida.. . . . . . . 17 4 645 197 Georgia _ _ _ 38 25 1, 173 1, 198 317 Idaho.. _ _ 10 0 272 272 65 Illinois _ _ 127 53 7, 233 2, 132 2, 239 7, 286 1, 791 Indiana _ _ 32 0 2, 132 2,240 504 Iowa _ _ 45 1 615 Kansas . . . . . . 51 7 1, 570 1, 577 436 Kentucky _ _ 31 3 1,068 1,048 1, 071 251 Louisiana _ _ _ 17 0 1,048 291 Maine _ _ _ _ 30 3 846 849 259 Maryland _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 8 1, 627 1, 635 479 M assachusetts _ 91 39 6, 188 6, 227 1,581 Michigan _ 45 2 3, 572 3, 574 907 Minnesota _ _ _ 56 0 3, 667 3, 667 971 Mississippi _ 37 0 667 667 149 Missouri _ _ 39 0 2, 176 551 2,176 576 Montana _ 16 0 551 128 Nebraska... . . . 19 0 1, 212 1,212 274 New Hampshire . . . . 22 0 729 729 246 New Jersey _ 49 0 3,033 3, 033 827 New Mexico _ 2 0 61 61 5 New York _ _ _ _ 138 50 10, 972 11, 022 3,031 North Carolina _ 58 1 1,634 1,635 385 North Dakota _ 17 0 727 727 186 Ohio _ _ _ _ 77 0 5,330 5,330 1, 336 Oklahoma . _ 22 0 789 789 183 Oregon . . . . . . . 13 1 725 726 181 Pennsylvania _ _ 154 20 9, 791 9, 811 2,625 Rhode Island _ 9 1 1,188 1, 189 624 South Carolina _ 26 0 710 710 206 South Dakota _ _ 19 1 540 541 153 Tennessee . 30 12 i I 1, 339 1, 351 351 NURSE-TRAINING SCHOOLS 7 Table 7. — Summary of statistics of general nurse-training schools , 1980-31 — Con. State or outlying part Number of schools Nurse pupils Gradu¬ ates Men Women Total > 2 3 4 5 6 Texas . - . 70 8 2,661 i 2,669 615 Utah . . . . . . . — . 6 0 441 441 113 Vermont . . . - . . 12 0 358 358 74 Virginia . . . . . 45 0 1,661 1,661 442 Washington . . . 27 0 1,525 1, 525 396 West Virginia . 40 0 1, 116 1,116 257 Wisconsin . . . . . 36 0 3,481 3,481 511 Wyoming . . . 6 0 167 167 35 Philippine Islands . 7 27 366 393 65 Puerto Rico . 2 0 90 90 19 Table 8. — Summary of statistics of nurse-training schools in hospitals for the insane , 1980-81 State Number Nurse pupils Gradu¬ of schools Men Women Total ates * 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States.. _ 66 273 2,239 2,512 524 Alabama _ - _ _ 1 0 23 23 3 Connecticut _ 2 0 60 60 12 District of Columbia _ 1 0 72 72 18 Florida _ 1 0 33 33 12 Georgia _ _ _ _ _ 1 0 37 37 10 Illinois _ 7 3 177 180 27 Iowa.. _ _ _ _ 1 0 0 0 0 Kansas _ _ 1 1 14 15 8 Maine _ 2 2 52 54 17 Maryland _ 3 8 135 143 41 Massachusetts . . . . . . . 11 30 411 441 82 Michigan _ 3 g 94 102 21 Minnesota _ 3 0 109 109 17 New Hampshire _ _ _ 1 0 37 37 8 New Jersey _ 3 0 115 115 21 New York _ 14 142 560 702 141 North Carolina _ _ 1 0 25 25 6 Ohio . . . . 3 0 59 59 22 Rhode Island _ 5 63 144 207 43 South Carolina _ 2 16 82 98 15 DETAILED STATISTICS FOR EACH INSTITUTION Since an excellent study giving detailed information for a large number of nurse-training schools has been published by the National League of Nursing Education under date of January 1, 1931, and is available for purchase from the league for $1.50, the detailed statistics which have been published by the Office of Education in previous years have been omitted. Data for any institution, however, are Available from an unpublished table on file in this office. fvEADERS interested in nursing education may also wish to consult “Nursing,” Guidance Leaflet No. 15, published by the Ojflce of Education. This leaflet, especially prepared for the use of guidance advisers in high school and college, reviews briefly the scope of nursing as a profession, qualifications, opportunities, compensation, registration, student expenses, and the services of the professional organizations of nurses. It lists colleges and universities offering nursing degrees and gives references to literature relating to nursing as a career. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION J WILLIAM JOHN COOPER COMMISSIONER STATISTICS OF PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS FOR THE YEAR 1930-31 being Chapter V of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1930-1932 BULLETIN , 1933, No. 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1933 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 5 cents . T ■ CHAPTER V STATISTICS OF PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS FOR THE YEAR 1930-31 Prepared by Russell M. Kelley, Assistant Statistican, and Rose Marie Smith in the Division of Statistics of which Emery M. Foster is Chief; and by Bess Goodykoontz, Assistant Commissioner of Education REPORTS MADE TO the Office of Education by State depart- - ments of education show an enrollment of 21,278,593 children in elementary schools during 1929-30. Between two and three million other children attend private elementary schools. Estimates for the year 1929-30 put the total private elementary school enrollment at 2, 255, 430. 1 The Department of Education of the National Catholic Welfare Conference reports 2,222,598 pupils enrolled in the elementary schools that are affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church.2 Evi¬ dently about 1 elementary school child in every 10 in this country goes to a private school. This study was made with a view to securing actual enrollments and additional information concerning the education of these more than two million children who attend private elementary schools. A ques¬ tionnaire was sent by the Office of Education to more than 9,000 private elementary schools for which names and addresses could be obtained. Replies were received from 6,815 schools, including 592 nonsectarian schools, 269 affiliated with Protestant denominations, and 5,954 Roman Catholic schools. In these replies the actual enrollment by individual schools totals 1,802,947 pupils, or 79.5 per cent of the number estimated by this office from various reports. Of these, 1,730,- 670 pupils were in Roman Catholic schools. This is 77.9 per cent of the total reported by the Department of Education of the National Catholic Welfare Conference to be in elementary schools of the Roman Catholic Church. Whereas the estimates previously reported by this office gave only enrollments, this inquiry secured such information as the types of administrative control of private elementary schools, the number of teachers employed in them, the enrollments by grade and sex, and the length of school term. The cooperation of other private schools is invited in making successive reports more nearly complete. 1 Office of Education Bulletin, 1931, No. 20, Vol. II, Ch. II. Statistics of State School Systems, 1929-30, p. 75, Table 38. The estimates are made by the Office of Education from data submitted by State depart¬ ments of education, the National Catholic Welfare Conference, private schools themselves, and reports from city school systems. * Directory of Catholic Colleges and Schools, 1932-33. National Catholic Welfare Conference, Depart¬ ment of Education, 1312 Massachusetts Avenue NW., Washington, D. C. Supplementary Table A, page 11, taken from this directory summarizes information by States for the Catholic elementary schools. 164797—33 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 ENROLLMENTS IN PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS By States. — Table 1 shows that according to the reports from 6,815 schools, the private elementary school enrollment reported in this study is about 8 per cent of the total public and private elementary school enrollment in the United States. In some States the percentage runs much higher, with New Hampshire and Rhode Island each report¬ ing more than 20 per cent of their elementary school pupils in private schools, Connecticut, Delaware, and Massachusetts reporting slightly more than 15 per cent, and eight other States and the District of Columbia, all east of the Mississippi River, reporting between 10 and 15 per cent in private schools. New York State, with 293,337 children attending private schools, leads all States in total private elementary school enrollment. Pennsylvania is next with 254,459 enrolled. Table 1. — Enrollments in 'private elementary schools State Number of private schools reporting Private elementary school en¬ rollment (including kinder¬ garten), 1930-31 Public elementary school en¬ rollment (including kinder¬ garten), 1929-30 i Total public and private elementary school en¬ rollment (columns 3 and 4) Per cent private school en¬ rollment reported in this study is of total enroll¬ ment 3 4 5 6 Continental United States. Alabama . . Arizona _ _ Arkansas _ _ _ California _ Colorado _ _ 6,815 1, 802, 947 21, 278, 593 23, 081, 540 7.8 46 8 43 236 45 7, 594 1,696 4,235 46, 447 7, 663 561, 934 88, 547 409, 905 836, 701 197, 265 569, 528 90, 243 414, 140 883, 148 204, 928 1.3 1.9 1.0 5.3 3.7 Connecticut _ Delaware _ District of Columbia Florida _ Georgia - 131 19 38 43 29 45, 431 6, 225 8, 884 5, 443 3, 759 260, 103 35, 351 64, 566 301, 227 632, 589 305, 534 41,576 73, 450 306, 670 636, 348 14.9 15.0 12. 1 1.7 .6 Idaho... Illinois . Indiana. Iowa _ Kansas . 17 528 202 183 133 1, 715 163, 459 41,586 26, 592 15, 349 93, 775 1, 094, 788 523, 378 437, 426 339, 556 95, 490 1, 258, 247 564, 964 464, 018 354, 905 1.8 13.0 7.4 5.7 4.3 Kentucky _ Louisiana _ Maine _ Maryland. _ Massachusetts. 136 128 50 109 302 22, 179 33, 008 16, 651 27, 358 110, 327 525, 884 376, 714 124, 450 235, 163 594, 084 548, 063 409, 722 141, 101 262, 521 704,411 4.0 8. 1 11.8 10.4 15.7 Michigan.. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri _ Montana... 268 201 28 216 32 96, 142 42, 092 3, 530 40, 553 5, 258 808, 787 453, 128 543, 161 524, 023 95, 550 904, 929 495, 220 546, 691 564, 576 100, 808 10.6 8.5 5.2 Nebraska _ Nevada 1 2 _ New Hampshire. New Jersey _ New Mexico _ 110 14, 012 51 282 35 17, 810 104, 287 5, 872 256, 230 14, 279 60, 082 672, 083 89, 497 270, 242 5. 2 14,279 . . 77, 892 22. 9 776, 370 13. 4 95, 369 6. 2 1 Office of Education, Bulletin, 1931, No. 20, Vol. II, Ch. II, Statistics of State School Systems, 1929-30, pp. 32-33. 2 No schools reported from Nevada. PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 3 Table 1. — - Enrollments in private elementary schools — Continued State Number of private schools reporting Private elementary school en¬ rollment (including kinder¬ garten), 1930-31 Public elementary school en¬ rollment (including kinder¬ garten), 1929-30 i Total public and private elementary school en¬ rollment (columns 3 and 4) Per cent private school en¬ rollment reported in this study is of total enroll¬ ment 1 3 3 4 5 6 New York. . . . . . 884 293, 337 1, 716, 645 2, 009, 982 14.6 North Carolina _ _ _ _ _ 38 3, 515 750, 002 753, 517 .5 North Dakota... _ . ... . ... . ... 23 3,825 139,580 143, 405 2.7 Ohio _ _ _ _ 516 145, 113 1, 011,915 1, 157, 028 12.5 Oklahoma _ _ 46 4, 561 578, 491 583, 052 .8 Oregon... . . . . 42 5, 210 154,908 160, 118 3.3 Pennsylvania _ _ 756 254, 459 1, 639, 041 1, 893, 500 13.4 Rhode Island... _ _ 68 28, 304 101,318 129, 622 21.8 South Carolina _ _ 18 2, 296 416, 483 418, 779 .5 South Dakota _ _ _ _ 34 • 5, 638 134, 286 139, 924 4.0 Tennessee _ _ _ _ 35 4, 149 558, 056 562, 205 .7 Texas _ _ _ _ _ 150 19, 569 1, 071, 890 1,091,459 1.8 Utah... . . . . 9 945 105, 427 106, 372 .9 Vermont _ _ _ _ 14 4,054 • 54, 376 58, 430 6.9 Virginia _ _ _ _ 55 6, 049 488, 929 494, 978 1.2 Washington _ _ _ _ _ . 76 12, 494 259, 303 271, 797 4.6 West Virginia _ _ _ _ 36 5, 636 346, 691 352, 327 1.6 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ 363 78, 050 457, 685 535, 735 14.6 Wyoming _ _ _ _ _ . 3 586 43, 341 43, 927 1.3 The States varied in actual number of schools reporting from 822 in New York and 701 in Pennsylvania to 2 in Wyoming. No schools in Nevada replied. By affiliation or control. — As showm in Table 2, most private ele¬ mentary schools have some denominational affiliation or control. Of the 6,815 schools reporting, 6,223, or 91 per cent of the total, were either affiliated with or controlled by some religious denomination. Of these the Roman Catholic schools accounted for 1,730,670, or nearly 96 per cent of the pupils. The Friends schools reported the next largest number with 4,967, or about 0.3 per cent. Roman Catholic schools reported from every State but Nevada; Episcopal schools from 22 States; Methodist schools from 21; Seventh Day Adventist from 16; Presbyterian and Baptist each from 14; Friends from 10; Lutheran from 6; and Congregational from 5. The 592 nonsectarian schools accounted for nearly 3 per cent of all the children enrolled in private schools. New York with 127 schools, Massachusetts with 61, California with 49, Pennsylvania with 48, and New Jersey with 42 were the leaders in the number of these schools reporting. It is probable that all, or nearly all, of these schools charge some tuition. Four hundred and seventeen replied on the question¬ naire that there were regular tuition charges. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 ®.3 03 35 o ® >»- ,a B.j§l «§§ 03 o*C £ sndnj siooqog sndnj siooqog ^ CO IO CO 05 05 CO ^ co CO (N GO Tf to ^ CM 00 ^ »C CO 00 *C co »0 05 CO CM 05 lO GO C5 ^ rf< lO CO *-T co *-T o' »o ! Io u§ CM > CO CO CO > ^O5 00COO5 t- 00 CM CO CO CO 00 O 05 CM OOr-tOO > ^ CO r-H CO ^ CM T-ICMOOOCO CO cm o o © co o cm I r-i OCMrHH HH H CO CM CM CM 05 CM H CM C CO 00 WC CO *-H CM CM 00 CO c 05 CO CM CM COCO CM © c3 © Mfl > siidnj spoqog sndnj spoqog sjiclnj spoqog CO *0 I I 05 1 CO»ONCON JSOCJ5COOO rH Tt* 05 SO §®oSn TcccftC eoiot^'^'i-T >-h o? to »« CO®«NCO iM ^ lO ® W N lO *0 * c3 ^ a ® cS T3 3 §•§ §-1.2 0 8 35--3|| §§131 111 OQQPhO t-iQh-itSM Wk-^I^^h^h ssippi PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 5 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 By sex. — On the whole there is little difference in the numbers of boys and girls attending private elementary schools. Of the total enrollment 49.6 per cent are boys, 50.4 per cent are girls. In public elementary schools the proportion for boys and girls is 51 per cent and 49 per cent, respectively. Table 3 shows considerable variation in the enrollment of boys and girls in the schools affiliated with different denominations. The Con¬ gregational, Friends, and Methodist schools have larger numbers of girls in their schools; the Episcopal schools have a larger number of boys. These figures somewhat reflect the situation among private elementary schools in regard to boarding departments for children of elementary school age in that more boarding departments are provided for girls than for boys. Of 662 schools reporting boarding depart¬ ments, 288 were for girls, 151 for boys, and 223 for both girls and boys.3 Table 3. — Private elementary school enrollment by sex Affiliation or control Enrollment Percentage Boys Girls Total Boys Girls 1 2 3 4 5 6 Denominational: Baptist—. _ _ _ _ _ _ 709 682 1,391 51.0 49.0 Congregational - - . . . . . 414 544 958 43.2 56.8 Episcopal . . . . . . . 2,016 1,700 3, 716 54.3 45.7 Friends . - _ _ 2, 124 2, 843 4, 967 42.8 57.2 Lutheran . . . . 713 749 1,462 48.8 51.2 Methodist _ — . . . . _ _ 1,042 1,256 2,298 45.3 54.7 Presbyterian . . . . . 1,384 1,544 871, 194 2, 928 47.3 52.7 Roman Catholic _ _ _ 859, 476 1, 730, 670 49.7 50.3 Seventh Day Adventist . . . 1,137 1,132 2, 269 50.1 49.9 Miscellaneous sects _ _ _ _ 822 . 680 1,502 54.7 45.3 Nonsectarian _ _ ... -1 — 24, 433 26. 353 50, 786 48.1 51.9 Total _ _ 894, 270 908, 677 1, 802, 947 49.6 50.4 By grades. — Table 4 distributes the total enrollment in private elementary schools in the various grades, including the kindergarten. Much the largest enrollment is in the first grade. The next three grades enroll considerably fewer than the first, but the number re¬ mains approximately the same through the fourth grade, beginning then a steady decline through the eighth grade. This indicates that private elementary schools are not principally primary schools, nor grammar schools, nor any other limited grade organization, but tend on the other hand to include the normal elementary school range. 3 A circular is available in the Office of Education which lists private schools reporting boarding depart¬ ments foi children of elementary school age. ^ Table 4. — Grade enrollments in private PRIVATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 7 IliSi 5333S silii §§§!§ §1111 §§§§£ sSSSI «o*oo“«oeo -gVoo ejegwh-'o* ®'nco©.o ^Vg«og www^u; mu mu mu mn nm oVefn «* co r-T^oT llsss fellil §8SII g|§l§ SiSss 13318 slssi to U5 ag^Tcort cncm'-Tcn'o' o^“ Tjf ^*-0 © tC ISil! mil IliSi 88388 Sills s31§3 Sills 10 to © >0 00 <-T (Neo-T0 U5 -H gjuseorn NU5 rtOf« CD 00 IlSil ilsll sISli llSil IEIS1 Hill ilSIS CD' to rX jJ«5»«N (NVcfcoV «« .O » 00 sslll II§1§ illii Sslil iiS2§ SSSSS HISS »© 1-T U5 oioco'ci ) 4, 465 5, 308 1927 . . . . . 18 80 1932... . . . . 20 95 B— DEAF AND HARD-OF-HEARING CHILDREN 16 74 2,911 22 83 3,515 24 116 4, 434 C— MENTALLY DEFICIENT CHILDREN 23 133 23, 252 32 218 51,814 39 483 75,099 D— CRIPPLED CHILDREN 1 2 3 22 81 13, 120 24 3 145 16, 166 E— DELICATE CHILDREN (ANAEMIC, TUBERCULOUS, AND CARDIAC CASES)2 • 1930 _ _ 27 81 19, 153 24, 020 1932 . . . 28 135 F— SOCIALLY MALADJUSTED CHILDREN (TRUANT, INCORRIGIBLE, OR DELINQUENT)2 1930. 1932. 1 Data not available. 2 Data previous to 1930 not available. 3 31 additional cities report home instruction for 68 children. 20 44 9, .543 24 58 14, 354 In table 2 is given the total number of cities and States from which special education of any kind was reported in 1932, whether or not pupil enrollment was included in the data supplied. It will be noted that the number of cities as given in table 1 under each group of exceptional children is materially increased in table 2. In other words, many cities reported that they provided special facilities for one or more groups of exceptional children, but did not report data regarding enrollment. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 13 Table 2. — Total number of cities and States from which public day schools and classes for exceptional children were reported , 1931-32 Type of children Num¬ ber of States Num¬ ber of cities Type of children Num¬ ber of States Num¬ ber of cities A. Blind and partially seeing «... 23 113 F. Socially maladjusted (incor¬ B. Deaf and hard of hearing. . 28 144 rigible, delinquent) _ 26 70 C. Mentally deficient _ 40 515 G. Speech defective _ 20 101 D. Crippled _ _ _ 27 » 195 H. Mentally gifted _ 11 18 E. Delicate (anaemic, tubercu¬ lous, cardiac cases).. . 29 149 'The National Society for the Prevention of Blindness reported 409 sight-conservation classes existing in September 1932 in 118 cities in 22 States. ! Including all cities reporting home instruction. Many of the cities were able to give the number of pupils in aver¬ age daily attendance and the total cost for instruction (salaries and supplies) for various types of classes for exceptional children. The average annual cost per pupil of each type in cities of different sizes is given in table 2 A. It apparently costs on the average about $350 a year for the instruction of a blind or deaf pupil in a city day school class; about $200 for a partially seeing or crippled pupil; from $150 to $160 for a mentally deficient or socially maladjusted pupil and $125 for a delicate pupil. Costs seem to be higher in cities of more than 100,000 population than in those not so large. Table 2A. — Annual cost per pupil in average daily attendance for instruction of exceptional children in city schools , 1931-32 Type of class Group I Group II Group III Group IV Total Num¬ ber of cities report¬ ing Average cost per pupil Num¬ ber of cities report¬ ing Average cost per pupil Num¬ ber of cities report¬ ing Average cost per pupil Num¬ ber of cities report¬ ing Average cost per pupil Num¬ ber of cities report¬ ing Average cost per pupil • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Blind . 7 $387. 13 2 $180. 20 0 0 9 $363. 40 Partially seeing _ 28 203.29 21 166.88 7 $159. 46 0 56 197. 99 Deaf - 38 361. 58 25 251.40 16 256. 91 4 $314. 14 83 343. 37 Mentally deficient- . 43 157. 84 74 152. 18 112 120. 65 87 126. 65 316 152. 67 Socially maladjusted 25 168.85 6 126. 14 2 212. 92 4 139. 42 37 167. 64 Delicate . . 30 126. 69 38 113. 12 14 129.23 3 107. 93 85 125. 40 Crippled _ 33 203. 78 29 167. 92 15 124. 96 2 132. 43 79 198.29 In tables 7 to 11 the data for individual States and cities are pre¬ sented in greater detail. Again it must be kept in mind that incom¬ plete data reported affect the tabular array. In each of these tables a blank means merely that no report was made on a given item, not necessarily that there was no report which could be made. The result would mean that the summary figures given are only a conservative estimate of the extent to which special education has found its way 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 into city school systems. They do, however, yield an indication of trends that are of statistical value. In the detailed table for individual cities (table 11) the following items need to be pointed out: 1. The attempt has been made to differentiate special supervisors and principals who give full-time service to one or more types of exceptional children from supervisors and principals whose major responsibilities are with regular elementary grades but who give some time also to certain types of special education. The latter are not included in the tables. Thus the principal of a regular elementary school for so-called normal children which provides one or more classes for exceptional children is not considered a principal of special educa¬ tion; but the principal of a school devoted entirely to crippled children or to mentally deficient children or to various types of exceptional children is included in the statistical data. So also only those special supervisors and directors who give all or the major part of their time to the mentally deficient or the sight defective or any other single group or all groups of exceptional children have been considered in designating the cities which report special supervision. For this item the data reported on the statistical blanks were supplemented by other sources of information at hand. 2. It will be found that for some cities and even for some entire States the average daily attendance reported for certain groups is greater than the enrollment. This is due to the fact that many chil¬ dren are transferred to special schools or classes after the term has begun. Their enrollment has already been counted with the school from which they came, but their attendance is in the special school or class to which they go. This factor must be taken into consideration in interpreting the figures given. 3. For schools devoted to all types of physical handicaps, such as the David Smouse Opportunity School in Des Moines, and for those caring for both mental and physical deviates, such as the Ann J. Kellogg School in Battle Creek, it is sometimes impossible to report separate data for each group with regard to teachers and expenditures, since the school is administered as a unit and the same teachers fre¬ quently serve to some extent at least more than one type of child. In such cases only estimates could be made at best. 4. Two columns are given to “number of school buildings” and “number of classes exclusive of school buildings.” The former is to be interpreted as buildings which are given over entirely to purposes of special education, without including any regular classes. The latter is to be interpreted as single classes or groups of classes existing in school buildings the major part of which is devoted to regular grade work. The distinction was made with a view to determining the extent to which exceptional children are housed in the same buildings EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 15 with normal children and the extent to which they have been separated into buildings of their own. 5. For speech-defective children no figures for average daily attendance are given, since instruction in this field is not quite parallel to that given for other types of exceptional children. Speech correction is usually carried on for one, two, or more periods per week, said periods varying in length from approximately 15 minutes to an hour. There is no such thing as a “speech-correction class” in the same sense in which there is a class for mentally deficient, for the crippled, or even for the partially seeing. 6. The same omission is made for crippled children in those cases in which the instruction is reported as given at home by home teachers. Here, too, average daily attendance has little real significance since home instruction consists of only part-time teaching limited to one or more periods per week. 7. A large number of smaller cities provide for a very limited num¬ ber of crippled children home instruction which is frequently given after school hours by one of the regular teachers. These are included in the detailed statistical table only if the number reported as so taught reaches five. Thirty-one cities reporting provision for fewer children than this are listed in one of the footnotes to table 1 1 . The total number of children cared for by these 31 cities is 68. 8. Cities which indicated that special instruction existed for partic¬ ular groups but which did not report data of statistical significance regarding personnel are not included in the detailed table. The names of such cities are listed in footnotes in the appropriate sections of table 11. In summarizing the statistical data for city day schools and classes, one might say that the most extensive provision is made for mentally deficient children, more than 75,000 of whom are enrolled in special classes of 483 cities in 39 States. Thirty- two additional cities not reporting personnel bring the total up to 515, distributed among 40 States. The next group is probably the speech defective, though accurate figures of enrollment for speech correction are not available. More than 24,000 delicate children wdio are anaemic or tuberculous or who present cardiac difficulties have been given special attention in 135 cities of 28 States, with 14 additional cities not reporting enrollment. Special facilities for approximately 15,000 children who present serious problems of behavior have been established in 70 cities, 58 of which report an enrollment of 14,354. More than 16,000 crippled children are being given special instruction either at school or in their homes by 195 cities in 27 States. The groups of handi¬ capped children which show the smallest representation in special classes of public day schools are the blind and the partially seeing, on 4456—33 - 2 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 the one hand, and the deaf and the hard of hearing on the other hand, while special classes organized for gifted children are least significant of all. The extent of provision to be made in public day schools for any type of exceptional children depends of course upon the incidence of the children in question and upon facilities available in public resi¬ dential schools. According to the best estimates that have been made of the number of children belonging in each group, the pro¬ visions are as yet not nearly adequate for any one of them.16 How¬ ever, the progress which has been made in the midst of difficult situations is encouraging and points to the stabilization of special education as an essential feature of the American educational pro¬ gram. RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS Residential schools for exceptional children are, as has already been indicated, a vital part of the educational system, taking over the training of children who because of some extreme condition need a specialized type of education or institutional care, but for whom adequate community facilities are not available. The groups served in greatest measure by such schools are the blind, the deaf, the socially maladjusted or delinquent, and the mentally deficient and epileptic. Hospital facilities for crippled and for tubercular children are increasing. The majority of these, however, are still functioning under private rather than State auspices, although in most cases any teachers assigned to be in immediate charge of hospital instruction are paid by public educational authorities. Statistics on four major types of State and private residential schools were gathered for the year 1930-31. These are presented in detail in tables 12 to 16, on pages 70 to 85. Some of the significant facts revealed by the survey follow. RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF 1. In 44 States and the District of Columbia there are schools for the deaf either publicly or privately controlled and supported. The remaining 4 States (Delaware, Nevada, New Hampshire, and Wy¬ oming) have made legal provision for the education of deaf children in residential schools of neighboring States. 2. The total number of schools reporting in these 44 States is 85, 57 of which are under public and 28 under private control. Private control, however, does not necessarily mean exclusively private financial support. Some of these privately controlled institutions derive their maintenance largely from the State, which either makes an appropriation for their support or pays tuition for pupils sent to « See publications of the White House Conference for figures on incidence. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 17 the respective schools. This is particularly true in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania. In fact about 50 percent of the income of all private schools reporting is derived from State funds. 3. Eight States maintain separate schools for deaf Negroes. These are Alabama, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. In five other States (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina) there are separate departments for Negroes conducted as integral parts of the respective institutions. 4. There is an increasing tendency toward placing the education of deaf children in residential schools under the supervision of the State department of education or of public instruction. Of the 57 public institutions, 11 are now under the control of the State board of education. Moreover, many of the private schools are open to the inspection of State educational officials, and placement of pupils in these schools is subject to their approval. Thus a growth of coor¬ dinated educational service for deaf children throughout the State is apparent. 5. The total number of pupils enrolled in 1930-31 in the 85 public and private schools reporting is 14, 890. 17 This figure for the year 1927-28 (also for 85 schools) was 14,067; for 1922-23 (for 80 schools reporting) it was 11,454. The number of deaf children being educated in residential schools seems therefore to show a consistent increase. This may indicate both a growth in the facilities available and a greater care in locating and guiding children who need the training offered in a residential school. 6. The condition of hearing was given for 11,108 pupils. More than 2,600 of these were reported as only partially deaf, or hard of hearing. The fine of demarcation between the so-called “totally deaf” child and the “partially deaf” child varies according to stand¬ ards established in respective States. The 2,696 cases reported as partially deaf are probably children who have very little hearing and need training in speech, language, and lip reading; or they may come from communities in which no public-school provision is made for the hard-of-hearing child. Many of them could no doubt be educated in day classes for the hard of hearing if such existed in their home schools 7. The age distribution given for 13,096 pupils shows 87 to be under 5 years old. This would indicate that a beginning has been made in the early training of the young deaf child who has no oppor¬ tunity for home or nursery-school instruction in day classes. A much larger number (2,250) are between 5 and 9 years, and are thus 17 In October 1932 according to the report of the executives of American Schools for the Deaf the number of pupils enrolled was 15,430. 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 still at an early age being started on the long arduous road of learning speech and language under a tremendous handicap. 8. Industrial training plays a large part in the education of the deaf, although academic work is also pursued at least through the elementary grades. Ten percent of the students enrolled were re¬ ported as being in high school. Among the vocational courses offered are (in order of frequency of mention) domestic arts and sciences, general shop work, carpentry, printing and lithographing, shoe mak¬ ing and repairing, agriculture, painting and paper hanging, metal work, baking, tailoring, barbering, beauty culture, and typewriting. 9. The average cost for instruction per deaf pupil enrolled in 46 institutions reporting the necessary items was $197.30. The cost for other current expenses, including board and room, was $341.89. The sum of these two figures is $539.19, which represents the total cost for education and care. RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE BLIND 1. Responsibility for the education of the blind rests largely with the residential schools, since very few city school systems maintain day classes for this group of handicapped children. In each of 41 States there is at least one such residential school,18 either publicly or privately controlled. The remaining 7 States have no schools of their own but have made legal provision for the education of blind chil¬ dren in residential schools of neighboring States. These are Dela¬ ware, Nevada, New Hampshire, Maine, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wyoming. 2. Of the 58 institutions reporting for the year 1930-31, 47 are under some form of State control, while 11 are privately controlled. As with the deaf, so with the blind we find considerable State finan¬ cial support given to some of the private schools through special ap¬ propriations or tuitions paid for pupils so assigned. So also the rela¬ tionship between the residential schools for the blind and the State department of education is increasingly recognized as a vital factor. In a number of cases officials of State departments of education take the same responsibility for the inspection or supervision of these schools as with respect to schools for the deaf. This is especially true in those States in which a bureau or division for the education of exceptional children has been developed within the State depart¬ ment of education. 3. Separate schools for blind Negroes are maintained in 9 States, i.e., Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, Ten¬ nessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. Four other States (Flor¬ ida, Georgia, Kentucky, and South Carolina) conduct separate de¬ partments for Negro and white pupils within the same school. is in 16 cases deaf and blind children are provided for in different departments of the same school. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 19 4. Statistics for 1930-31 show an enrollment in all schools report¬ ing of 5,530. Of this number 25 are under 5 years of age, 818 are from 5 to 9 years old, while 1,293 are 18 years of age or older. In 1927 the enrollment reported for the same number of schools was 5,304. Again, therefore, we see a slight increase in the number of exceptional children being cared for in residential schools. 5. The condition of sight was reported for 5,010 pupils, as follows: Totally blind (with hearing) _ 2, 186 Partially blind (with hearing) _ 2, 812 Deaf and blind _ 19 12 The line separating the blind child from the partially seeing varies somewhat according to standards established in cities providing sight¬ saving classes for partially seeing children. There is also a variation as to the standard of admission to residential schools for the blind. The 2,812 children reported as “partially blind” are probably poten¬ tially blind cases, or cases with so little light perception that they need to be educated by the tactile method. These are not to be con¬ fused with cases of partially seeing children who are ordinarily found in sight-conservation classes and who can be taught by visual methods. 6. Aside from the regular elementary- and high-school work offered in residential schools, vocational courses reported are in order of fre¬ quency as follows: Music; general shop work; domestic arts and sci¬ ences; basketry, fiber furniture, and chair caning; broom, brush, and mop making; dressmaking and tailoring; loom work, weaving, and rug making; piano tuning; mattress making. 7. In 1930-31 it cost approximately $684 to care for and to educate each pupil in the schools reporting for blind only. The per capita cost of instruction in these schools was $213.91; that of other current expenses was $470.31. RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT AND EPILEPTIC 1. Separate State institutions for mentally deficient and epileptic now exist in every State of the Union except Arizona, Arkansas, and Nevada. The one most recently established is the Utah State Train¬ ing School, which opened its doors in October 1931 and had on its rolls during the first year 157 individuals. 2. In the 45 States making provision for these groups of handi¬ capped persons there are 77 State institutions. The District of Columbia also has a public institution of this type located at Laurel, Md. Sixty-seven of these institutions are for mentally deficient only or for mentally deficient and epileptic, while 11 are for epileptics only.20 Practically all of them accommodate both children and adults. They are regularly administered by some State agency outside the 18 Fourteen additional cases of blind-deaf children are reported by schools for the deaf. 10 In addition there are a few public residential schools for mentally deficient children under county or city administration. Two of these are included in table 3. 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 department of education — such as a board of control, department of public welfare, or a separate board of trustees responsible to State officials. In a few States (notably Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania) an agency with functions more directly related to mental hygiene and mental diseases is in charge. 3. The number of private schools existing for mentally subnormal children is not accurately known, but according to available records there are at least 150 of them scattered throughout the country. Of these only 50 furnished the information requested in the statistical study made for the year 1930-31. 4. Most of the private institutions have limited enrollments, though a number of them are doing excellent work in the training of the children entrusted to their care. Two of the largest ones are Elwyn Training School (in Pennsylvania) which has an enrollment of more than 1,000, and the Training School at Vineland (in New Jersey) with an enrollment of about 600. These two schools draw large amounts of their income from State funds through the payment by the State of tuition for children placed. Most of the other private schools are maintained entirely from private sources. 5. Statistical information regarding total population of the State institutions for mentally deficient and epileptic is furnished periodi¬ cally by the Bureau of the Census of the United States Department of Commerce. The primary concern of the Office of Education is the educational provision made for children of school age enrolled in all such residential schools whether public or private in nature. Of the 80,000 or more inmates of all these institutions, about 18,000 are between the ages of 5 and 14, and 13,000 more are between the ages of 15 and 17. These are the people who need to be given the best possible training during formative years in order that as adults they will be able to make some limited contribution to institutional life if they cannot be returned to the community. 6. Reports on enrollment in the schools maintained within the State institutions were incomplete. Available figures, however, indi¬ cate that in both public and private schools of this type at least 3,300 children were engaged in sense training or kindergarten work and between 10,000 and 11,000 were in the elementary grades. The com¬ bination of these two figures represents about 76 percent of the total number of children of elementary school age (5 to 14 years). In addition to the regular work of the elementary grades, training in household duties, in music, in physical education, general shop work, and various other vocational subjects is given in many institutions to all who can profit by such activities. 7. Items necessary for computing per capita cost were reported by 50 public and 24 private schools. The per inmate cost for total cur¬ rent expenditures was $248.51 in the public institutions and $524.28 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 21 in the private ones. The per pupil cost of instruction alone in the public schools was $51.83; in the private schools it was $120.05. No doubt the wide discrepancy between the figures for the two types of schools is due partly to the difference in size of total enrollment, the very small schools necessarily incurring a larger per capita cost than the larger ones. It is also true, however, that some of the private schools have been more progressive in their educational methods than have been some of the State schools in which little has been done save to give custodial care. This fact, too, may account to some extent for the larger per pupil expenditure. Other factors influencing this situation are salary schedules, size of classes, and type of pupils for whom educational facilities are maintained. RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENTS 1. Of all residential schools, those for delinquent children seem as yet farthest removed from the general educational programs of the States, although progress is being made in the development of true educational ideals in their administration. All too often, however, the emphasis is still being placed upon punishment and correction rather than upon guidance and education. 2. It is usual to find the administration of these institutions placed under boards of control, departments of correction, of public welfare, or similar agencies. The State department of education has prac¬ tically nothing to do with them. The extent to which child guidance ideals function in their programs depends upon the vision of the indi¬ viduals comprising the administrative personnel. If as in some States (including California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania) there is a bureau of juvenile research or other State agency specifically charged with the study and treatment of behavior disorders among children, both in and out of institutions, one is more likely to find a wholesome approach to the problem of the delinquent who for his own sake and for the sake of society needs to be separated temporarily from the community and be given the type of guidance that can come only through a 24-hour-day program. If on the other hand the concepts of the outworn “ reform school” are still attached to the institution, with emphasis placed upon restraint rather than upon the encouragement of legitimate outlets for self- expression, one can hope for little constructive help to come from it in its effect upon the life of the boy or girl entrusted to its care. 3. Probably because so many of the institutions involved still have not adopted the educational point of view in dealing with their prob¬ lems, it has been difficult to secure the data needed to formulate a comprehensive survey of the situation. Repeated requests sent to 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 those not reporting failed to bring replies. Of approximately 175 institutions believed to exist, some report was available from 117 public schools and 30 private schools. 4. Most of these private schools receive considerable financial sup¬ port from the States for the care of the children committed to their supervision. In fact, over 60 percent of the total income of all private schools reporting is derived from public funds. Thus, regardless of where the responsibility for juvenile delinquency lies, the public treas¬ ury provided in 1930-31 seven eighths of the funds used for the care and education of this group. The total amount so reported was almost $14,500,000. 5. Because of the incomplete nature of the data available, the summary figures given cannot be considered final. Moreover, the turnover of the population in these schools is so great from week to week and almost from day to day that it is difficult to arrive at accurate figures regarding the size of the total enrollment. On the basis of the data reported it is estimated that more than 57,000 young people were enrolled at some time during the year in these institutions. Approxi¬ mately 70 percent of these were boys and 30 percent were girls. The average daily enrollment in school classes for the same year was about 34,000. 6. The public institutions giving information as to racial status enrolled 25,976 white and 4,958 Negro pupils, and the private schools reported 7,620 white pupils and 1,297 Negroes. The ratio is approxi¬ mately 1 Negro to 5 whites. In the total population 5 to 20 years of age in 1930, as reported by the Bureau of the Census, there was only about 1 Negro to 8 whites. Nearly all the pupils in these schools for delinquents are between these ages. 7. The average number of pupils for the year and the total expendi¬ tures for current expenses were reported by 68 public institutions and 14 private schools. The per capita cost for current expenses (includ¬ ing instruction) computed on the basis of these figures is $390.39 for public schools and $428.63 for private schools. STATISTICAL SUMMARY FOR ALL SCHOOLS AND CLASSES REPORTED In table 3 is presented the total situation for both residential and day schools and classes in the United States so far as it has been reported. It seems safe to say that approximately 250,000 excep¬ tional children are receiving the benefits of instruction in special schools or classes of either residential or day school type and that more than 13,000 teachers are engaged in such instruction. A sum of more than $20,000,000 was reported as expended during the year for instruc¬ tional purposes. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 23 The numbers seem large, yet the need is much larger. If the Amer¬ ican ideal of an education for every child according to his need is to be met, then there can be no halting in our program until it includes the many hundreds of thousands — even millions — of children who are still outside the pale of special educational facilities, yet whose need of them is urgent. The goal can be expressed in no more effective way than in the simple sentence made famous by the White House confer¬ ence: “We must not leave one of them uncared for.” Table 3. — Summary for the United States for State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1930-81 , and for special schools and classes in city school systems, 1931-32 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 25 883 lO i-H t wot H CC N co h o ^ © — < ©O CO 5£P 3 life s S a S3 .« &■* to ’2-0 Es S3 o a w,J§ B >>« «§£> in O '© ^ a a d"§» q g1®* m ic-q a ©a®" xj5 c ®~.2 2 £ -2 feg o > •g tc2 S S o;o a «iio .£5 ©2 £ ® « -a SHO &|'§J J3 b«2 o tp 2 o ©2 £3 © Ih'O _. 0 X3*i •S22 c 3 « 52 ’i§p,T3 a a &>» — we q as«a © c >H +3 at CO 03 flO OT 0,0.2 ’S © s aogs® ® £. •3~ Q, >» tn .&!22'S2 fc* 3-2 ©« J&agg H bcfi'p >-. samSft .2-S^-g® « o a _r ^ o a ® ” »j S3 ®‘© « g ^ cr, © — « +-» .S-S-o^ £ «l^£” qHH &§ fflOr- O rl oS-ciSg goa-g-g^ © G 9 ,n W © S-S^sS* 02 E-< E-* pH W TS" "’ a 08 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 4. — Total number enrolled in State and private residential schools for excep¬ tional children and in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1931 or 1932 State or outlying part Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard of hearing Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Socially malad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible and delin¬ quent) Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 Continental United States . . 10, 838 19, 324 88, 885 47, 772 24, 020 16, 166 22, 735 1, 834 231, 574 Alabama . . _ 199 427 309 1, 045 60 2,040- Arizona _ 18 70 12 105 205. Arkansas. _ 148 310 217 19 694 California . 263 638 3, 350 3, 790 1,272 1, 803 3,177 548 14, 841 Colorado _ _ 63 176 180 475 894 Connecticut . . 50 334 1, 736 1, 114 493 34 3,761 Delaware _ _ 181 221 402 District of Columbia . . 200 593 1, 269 195 84 2,341 Florida... _ _ 87 237 430 234 988 Georgia . . . . 123 244 536 357 46 1, 306 Idaho . 21 77 86 38 222 Illinois _ 725 1, 177 5,387 3, 700 2,681 2, 782 33 16, 485 Indiana _ 181 ’ 421 1, 296 746 357 37 24 3, 062 Iowa . 190 516 1, 916 725 73 54 3,474 Kansas . 115 256 390 225 152 1, 138 Kentucky . . 156 356 824 548 39 322 2, 245 Louisiana .. 112 252 162 310 835 Maine... 110 214 325 48 697 Maryland.. ... 222 321 2, 358 1, 514 503 382 5,300 Massachusetts _ _ 477 847 5,201 270 464 260 3,796 62 11, 377 Michigan.. 837 933 7,207 2,246 4,057 1, 743 5,358 189 22, 570 Minnesota.. . . 315 492 3,200 571 391 331 338 5, 638 Mississippi . 64 200 151 415 Missouri . 116 650 1,669 1,337 1,029 521 101 5, 423 Montana . 16 85 200 225 525 Nebraska _ _ _ _ 60 208 499 60 110 18 955 Nevada . 191 New Hampshire.. _ 395 204 New Jersey . . . 229 478 4,913 1,200 497 911 478 20 8, 726 New Mexico. _ _ 108 99 18 162 387 New York.. . 2,081 2, 310 17, 858 7,956 6, 671 3,164 3, 981 44, 021 North Carolina. _ 232 472 380 1,031 47 2. 162 North Dakota . _ 37 111 202 160 ‘510 Ohio . 1, 161 1,089 6, 692 4, 358 1, 576 1,496 789 17, 161 Oklahoma _ 159 434 271 224 38 1, 125 Oregon . 54 164 775 343 143 249 m 1, 728 Pennsylvania . . . 731 1, 399 12, 450 4,447 1,647 886 2,841 19 24, 420 Rhode Island _ _ 33 101 737 184 275 81 1,411 South Carolina 104 307 303 49 763 South Dakota 37 106 180 213 535 Tennessee 250 300 21 651 1,222. Texas _ 344 727 240 1, 262 28 2, 601 Utah _ _ 29 130 110 28 297 Vermont.. .. . . 56 59 151 265 Virginia.. . 173 274 611 690 542 2,290 Washington 243 250 2,260 1,524 31 310 527 5, 145 West Virginia 136 331 46 631 98 1, 242 Wisconsin _ _ 139 649 2,206 781 555 613 2,206 22 7, 171 Wyoming _ 71 88 159 Puerto Rico.. 48 48 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 27 Table 5. — Total number of teachers of exceptional children in State and private residential schools, and in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1931 or 1932 State or outlying part Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard-of- hearing Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Socially malad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or de¬ lin¬ quent) Delicate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States . . -- ... 1, 235 2, 469 4, 91754 2, 027 1, 010 883 115 75 12, 73154 18 42 15 39 3 117 3 9 1 13 16 42 3 2 63 California _ . . 37 78 19054 12354 47 150 23 19 668 20 35 8 32 95 5 42 116 43 25 2 233 Delaware ... . _ 11 16 27 27 43M 39 9 5 12354 Florida _ _ _ 9 34 15 14 72 17 30 27 14 2 90 6 8 1 6 21 73 133 If 280H 147 100 124 2 860 1754 44’ " 9354 34 20 254 1 21254 Iowa _ - 24 ” 75 7754 19 3 3 20154 Kansas 19 37 23 4 90 Kentucky . . 19 41 32 32 2 5 131 Louisiana.. . . 16 42 8 3 69 Maine _ _ 12 17 20 2 51 Maryland _ .. . _ 38 44 107 108 18 13 328 Massachusetts _ _ 73 95 359 100 26 30 16 3 702 Michigan . . . . 75 54 in 54 349 112 149 90 3754 6 93054 Minnesota . 39 63 21854 22 18 185* 2 381 Mississippi _ _ 10 28 7 17 62 Missouri _ .. _ _ 20 100 93 75 35 24 4 351 Montana _ .. .. _ 4 18 12 654 4054 Nebraska _ _ _ _ 9 26 22 1354 4 54 75 Nevada _ _ _ 3 3 New Hampshire _ _ 2154 6 2754 New Jersey - - - 23 79 327 87 34 55 2 1 608 New Mexico _ 14 13 1 9 37 New York _ 162 319 1,001 277 307 17554 8 2,24954 North Carolina _ 34 59 17 34 2 146 North Dakota _ 6 16 13 9 44 Ohio _ _ _ _ 110 127 324 169 51 10054 35 91654 Oklahoma _ _ 20 50 15 20 l 106 Oregon _ _ 7 19 42 15 4 3 90 Pennsylvania _ 88 178 649 154 71 3654 1254 1 1, 190 Rhode Island _ 3 16 4654 5 14 4 8854 South Carolina.. . . 10 18 16 12 56 South Dakota _ 8 16 13 5 42 Tennessee _ _ _ 27 28 2 26 83 Texas _ _ _ 59 94 20 34 2 209 Utah _ _ 5 17 5 2 29 Vermont _ 8 5 13 Virginia . . . . 20 38 30 29 26 143 Washington _ .. 22 30 10254 3054 1 854 2 19654 West Virginia _ . 24 44 4 9 5 86 Wisconsin . . 25 83 13154 40 26 2754 10 2 345 Wyoming _ _ 4 11 15 Puerto Rico _ _ 6 16 22 1 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 6. — Expenditures for instruction of exceptional children in State and private residential schools , and in special schools and classes in city-school systems , 1931 or 1932 State or outlying part Residential schools Continental United States. $6, 603, 802 Alabama. Arizona... Arkansas . California. Colorado. 90, 577 17, 615 101, 000 412, 263 124, 195 Connecticut _ Delaware _ _ District of Columbia. Florida . Georgia . 100, 602 9,113 78, 596 76, 485 44,847 Idaho... Illinois.. Indiana. Iowa _ Kansas. 31, 310 276, 850 140, 511 157, 527 98, 066 Kentucky . Louisiana . Maine _ Maryland _ Massachusetts. 126, 702 86,000 31, 316 164, 450 364, 761 Michigan.. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri... Montana.. 261, 966 125, 846 60, 118 157, 170 82, 384 Nebraska . Nevada . . New Hampshire. New Jersey. . New Mexico . 73, 160 3, 825 18, 885 409, 439 54, 081 New York . North Carolina. North Dakota.. Ohio . . Oklahoma . 817,092 98, 263 51, 269 232, 760 157, 157 Oregon... . . Pennsylvania.. Rhode Island... South Carolina. South Dakota. . 46, 539 440, 822 36, 124 49, 962 38, 955 Tennessee. Texas . . Utah . . Vermont— Virginia.. 213, 021 179, 687 35, 000 27, 180 67, 668 Washington.. West Virginia. Wisconsin.... Wyoming . 64, 325 121, 473 132, 460 14, 385 11,448 Special schools and classes in city-school systems 3 $13, 909,073 34, 156 843, 847 194, 340 118, 268 56, 717 1, 446, 740 38, 576 44, 501 9, 254 14, 341 8, 330 279, 727 584, 634 1, 338, 768 467, 621 372, 405 18, 764 8, 952 1, 069, 914 4, 412, 048 2,024 1, 408, 833 41, 939 86, 268 222, 777 107, 806 7,766 17,208 12,059 231,840 38, 983 369, 667 Total 4 $20, 512, 875 124, 733 17, 615 101, 000 1, 256, 110 124, 195 294, 942 9,113 196, 864 76, 485 101, 564 31,310 1, 723, 590 179, 087 202, 028 107, 320 141, 043 86, 000 39, 646 444, 177 949, 395 1, 600, 734 593, 467 60, 118 529, 575 82, 384 91, 924 3, 825 27, 837 1, 479, 353 54, 081 5, 229, 140 100, 287 51, 269 1, 641, 593 199, 096 132, 807 663, 599 143, 930 57, 728 38, 955 213, 021 196, 895 35, 000 27, 180 79, 727 296, 165 160, 456 502, 127 14, 385 11,448 Puerto Rico. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 29 Table 7. — Number enrolled in special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1981-82 State Blind and partial¬ ly see¬ ing Deaf and hard of hearing Social¬ ly mal¬ adjust¬ ed (in¬ corrigi¬ ble or delin¬ quent) Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 Jt 3 4 a 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States. . 5,308 4,434 14, 354 75, 099 24,020 16, 166 22, 735 1,834 163,950 8 257 217 60 542 12 12 36 19 55 California . . 155 383 2,861 2,696 1,272 1,803 3, 177 548 12, 895 51 51 Connecticut _ 39 41 1, 637 493 34 2,244 139 139 360 568 195 84 1, 207 Florida _ 269 269 Georgia _ 21 119 490 46 676 Illinois _ 467 513 980 4, 672 2,681 2,782 33 12, 128 Indiana _ 16 1,110 357 37 24 1, 544 Iowa _ 32 161 1, 155 73 54 1,475 Kansas _ 23 294 152 469 Kentucky.. _ 13 48 423 39 322 845 Maine _ 87 48 135 Maryland _ _ 122 45 119 2, 338 503 382 3,509 Massachusetts . . . 193 399 175 3,965 464 260 3, 796 62 9,314 Michigan . . 671 490 1,334 6, 317 4, 057 1,743 5, 358 189 20, 159 Minnesota _ _ _ 213 198 26 2,601 391 331 338 4, 098 Missouri _ _ _ 9 116 791 1, 502 1, 029 521 101 4,069 Montana _ 110 110 Nebraska... _ _ 16 26 306 110 18 476 New Hampshire _ 204 204 New Jersey . 151 136 410 4,296 497 911 478 20 6,899 New York _ 1,760 571 954 15,527 6, 671 3, 164 3,981 32,628 North Carolina _ 54 192 47 293 North Dakota _ 46 46 Ohio _ _ ’ 937 468 3,250 6,084 1, 576 1,496 789 14, 600 Oklahoma _ 17 30 271 38 356 Oregon _ 11 38 242 578 143 249 1, 261 Pennsylvania... . 260 198 975 11, 655 1,647 886 2,841 19 18, 481 Rhode Island. _ 33 688 275 81 1, 077 South Carolina _ 95 184 279 South Dakota _ 116 116 Texas . . 6 42 150 28 226 Utah _ _ _ 28 28 Virginia _ 65 25 97 472 542 1,201 Washington _ 147 115 885 2,106 31 310 527 4, 121 West Virginia _ 16 46 98 160 Wisconsin . . 348 284 1, 525 555 613 2,206 22 5, 553 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 8. — Number of teachers of exceptional children in special schools and classes in city school systems, 1931-82 State Blind Par¬ tially see¬ ing Deaf and hard of hear¬ ing Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Socially malad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or delin¬ quent) Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total ‘ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Continental United States. 43 368 497 4,004 550 1,010 883 115 75 7, 545 1 13 3 3 20 1 1 1 2 3 California - 10 10 47 166M 76 47 150 23 19 548 V 3 3 2 108 2 25 2 139 10 10 District of Columbia 33 18 9 5 65 Florida _ 13 13 Georgia _ _ 1 2 25 7 2 37 Illinois _ 43 63H 242J4 52 100 124 2 627 Indiana. _ i y2 UV 20 2 v 1 96V Iowa _ 2 19 48 V. 3 3 75V Kansas _ _ 3 16 7 26 Kentucky . . 1 21 2 2 5 31 Maine _ 5 2 7 Maryland _ _ 7 4 101 8 18 13 151 Massachusetts _ 15 30 262 11 26 30 16 3 393 Michigan _ 53M 54 v 296 55 149 90 37V 6 741V Minnesota . _ 9 12 20 175V, 2 18 is v. 2 257 Missouri . . _ 1 20 77 40 35 24 4 201 Montana _ _ 7 7 Nebraska _ _ 2 13 1H 4 V 21 New Hampshire _ 13H 13V New Jersey _ 5 8 22 257 29 34 55 2 1 413 New York _ 9 103 60 833 26 307 175K 8 1, 521V North Carolina _ 8 2 2 12 North Dakota 4 4 Ohio _ 4 75 52 285 128 51 100H 35 730V Oklahoma _ _ 2 12 1 1 16 Oregon 1 4 35 9 4 3 56 Pennsylvania . 1 17 19 581 49 71 36^ 12V 1 788 Rhnrlp Island 3 38 14 4 59 South Carolina 1 10 11 South Dakota 5 5 Texas.. _ _ 2 4 8 2 16 Utah . . 2 2 Virginia 5 3 21 3 26 58 Washington 2 7 13 95V 13 V 1 8V 2 142J^ West Virginia 2 3 5 10 Wisconsin . 50 86 V 11 26 27V 10 2 213 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 31 Table 9. — Expenditures for principals* and teachers * salaries , textbooks , supplies , etc., for special schools and classes in city school system, 1981-82 State Blind and partially seeing Deaf and hard of hearing Mental¬ ly de¬ ficient Socially malad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or delin¬ quent) Delicate children Crippled children Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States.. $931, 708 $1,053,167 $6,467,772 $1,036,841 $2,245,864 $1,948,965 $209, 064 $15, 692 $13,909,073 Alabama.. _ _ 1,530 } 95,145 25, 313 270, 761 154, 817 59, 539 39, 500 485,312 17, 323 3,398 123, 951 3,915 1, 630 34, 156 843, 847 194, 340 118, 268 56, 717 1, 446, 740 38, 576 44, 501 9,254 14, 341 8, 330 California _ f 121,444 \ 220,087 1 1, 955 88,082 34, 968 166, 351 2, 600 56, 396 Connecticut _ District of Columbia. 28,044 9,693 30, 685 2,218 251, 527 15,227 1, 250 Georgia _ /. 13,433 \ >1,873 / 117,853 l 364, 173 1 2, 699 }. . Illinois _ } 139,646 162, 359 321, 247 1,832 4, 629 Indiana. . 1,495 Iowa _ 8, 338 34, 913 9, 254 5, 850 5, 225 Kansas _ Kan tricky. 1, 713 5, 328 1,450 Maine _ 3, 105 36, 674 25, 335 278, 733 32, 941 89, 488 Maryland.. _ 1 16, 8321 1 23, 458 / 135,123 \ 376,451 / 125,352 11,929 74, 237 } 109,547 } 37,102 38, 383 2, 601 168, 261 376, 721 520, 669 9,694 42, 337 16, 797 184, 560 279, 727 584, 634 1, 338, 768 /(A7 A91 Massachusetts _ 21, 532 55. 182 40, 524 78, 503 6,030 Michigan __ . ... _ _ . Minnesota . 314, 650 77, 604 16, 163 2,450 680, 206 3, 174 Missouri \ > 17, 187 12, 327 93,037 37, 215 71, 566 TO/, OZl 372, 405 18, 764 8, 952 1,069,914 Nebraska _ New Hampshire _ 6,502 Niiw Jersey ( 127,340 \ >13,938 l *1, 797 | 58,315 54,529 94, 196 139, 593 New Vork_„ _ _ _ /i 324, 719 \ 2 26,904 } 203, 690 1, 984, 567 197, 294 1, 024, 600 2,024 127, 204 645, 274 4,412,048 2, 024 North Carolina _ Ohio _ 1 151,009 \ >4,555 13114, 393 1 9, 154 12, 574 / 11,708 \ >1,958 1 6, 189 | 119,850 3,686 529, 180 25,426 67,456 175, 345 66, 484 233, 911 1,832 228, 731 1,841 868 1, 408, 833 41, 939 86, 268 222, 777 107. 806 Oklahoma Oregon _ 7,945 } 4,023 7,425 17, 753 27, 072 Pennsylvania 11, 138 4,269 8,061 6,583 Rhode Island- South Carolina _ 1, 074 6, 692 7, 766 17, 208 Texas _ >2,278 4, 754 7, 614 11, 081 2,562 Virginia 978 12,059 231,840 Washington 118,945 24,650 4,202 95,807 181, 391 4, 598 143, 407 5, 364 1,490 West Virginia _ 20, 555 9, 628 44,751 38, 983 Wisconsin _ 70, 327 12, 753 2,622 369, 667 i Partially seeing. > Blind. 3 Both blind and partially seeingi 4456 — 33 - 3 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 10. — Population of city, number of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school system, and total enrollment in public day schools of city, 1931-82 GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE City Birmingham, Ala _ Long Beach, Calif _ Los Angeles, Calif _ Oakland, Calif _ San Diego, Calif _ San Francisco, Calif _ Bridgeport, Conn - Hartford, Conn _ New Haven, Conn _ Wilmington, Del _ Washington, D.C _ Jacksonville, Fla _ Atlanta, Ga _ Chicago, Ill _ Peoria, Ill . . .. Evansville, Ind. . Fort Wayne, Ind _ South Bend, Ind _ Des Moines, Iowa _ Kansas City, Kans _ Wichita, Kans _ Louisville, Ky _ Baltimore, Md _ Boston, Mass _ _ Cambridge, Mass _ Fall River, Mass . Lowell, Mass _ Lynn, Mass _ New Bedford, Mass _ Somerville, Mass . Springfield, Mass _ Detroit, Mich.. . . Flint, Mich _ Grand Rapids, Mich... Duluth, Minn _ Minneapolis, Minn _ St. Paul, Minn. . . Kansas City, Mo . . St. Louis, Mo . . Omaha, Nebr _ Camden, N.J. . Elizabeth, N.J _ Jersey City, N.J . . Newark, N.J . . Paterson, N.J _ _ Trenton, N.J . . Albany, N.Y . . Buffalo, N.Y _ New York, N.Y _ Rochester, N.Y _ Syracuse, N.Y . . Utica, N.Y . . . Yonkers, N.Y . . Akron, Ohio.. . Canton, Ohio.. . . Cincinnati, Ohio _ Cleveland, Ohio... . Columbus, Ohio _ Dayton, Ohio _ Toledo, Ohio _ Youngstown, Ohio . Tulsa, Okla _ _ _ Portland, Oreg . . Erie, Pa _ _ Philadelphia, Pa . Total popula¬ tion (1930) 142, , 257, 284, 147, 634, 146, 164, 162, 106, 129, 270, ,376, 104, 102, 114, 104, 142, 121, 111, 307, 804, 781, 1 13, 115, 100, 102, 112, 103, 149, ,568, 156, 101, 464, 271, 399, 821, 214, 118, 114, 316, 442, 138, 123, 127, 573, ,930, 328, 209, 101, 134, 255, 104, 451, 900, 290, 200, 290, 170, 141, 301, 115, ,950, 463 326 564 718 Exceptional children enrolled Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard of hear¬ ing Social¬ ly mal¬ ad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or delin¬ quent) Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 257 217 60 37 14 17 143 214 2, 610 2,268 552 1,297 2, 144 533 40 26 65 12 11 17 90 47 39 251 140 195 398 422 16 228 131 23 41 189 212 18 139 360 568 195 84 269 21 36 490 46 363 448 932 4,080 2,297 2, 649 7 214 20 438 238 285 14 16 119 23 32 127 509 57 54 6 118 41 11 81 13 48 278 39 257 122 45 119 2, 338 503 358 180 104 120 3, 712 23 67 64 151 212 43 84 28 452 45 12 115 11 24 280 34 35 10 148 70 47 11 97 15 21 378 84 400 285 714 3, 609 2,753 1,038 5, 327 30 19 63 278 249 90 132 44 405 504 430 123 34 10 403 85 38 99 90 892 270 254 49 34 26 542 39 9 50 510 679 650 184 66 281 622 379 337 101 26 243 18 3 139 17 12 15 28 11 31 47 239 101 246 61 106 196 1,318 108 372 44 20 24 295 90 42 478 535 38 177 234 76 42 1,972 122 212 3, 981 1, 555 476 773 8, 751 5, 590 2, 289 33 21 125 1, 165 275 185 50 15 108 131 116 89 300 19 28 62 62 346 70 17 25 36 116 41 208 1,049 145 331 323 139 2, 864 2, 218 914 151 724 57 53 75 148 50 59 107 69 24 59 37 594 90 235 35 26 9 427 37 55 17 30 251 38 11 38 242 506 68 226 14 23 308 49 55 219 173 147 811 8, 663 944 611 Total 542 9, 761 131 177 1,023 438 359 483 139 1,20 593 10, 769 241 676 299 158 779 165 92 635 3, 485 4,116 644 525 127 349 310 108 14, 126 729 1, 638 570 1,605 2, 082 1,786 287 159 66 664 2, 161 993 573 411 6,405 19, 434 1,804 304 205 587 78 1,890 7, 333 333 1,015 589 336 1,091 11, 349 Total day- school enroll¬ ment 12 53, 351 29, 144 300, 140 54, 242 28,000 78, 812 27, 471 31, 372 36, 017 18, 025 90, 831 34, 003 62, 021 533, 780 16, 243 16, 440 17, 815 18, 563 32, 721 23^ 011 46. 965 124, 099 145, 667 16, 852 16, 621 15, 308 16, 762 18, 205 16, 511 29, 795 245, 297 35, 573 29, 909 21, 944 90, 033 41, 360 70, 827 102, 328 41, 740 22, 542 19, 110 51, 278 83, 187 27, 163 21, 045 18, 253 92, 372 075, 040 55, 239 39,229 18, 436 25, 161 56, 307 20. 966 62, 281 161, 049 46, 131 35, 120 49, 884 34, 754 32, 328 56, 850 21, 715 305, 223 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 33 Table 10. — Population of city, number of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school system, and total enrollment in public day schools of city, 1931-32 — Continued GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE— Continued City Total popula¬ tion (1930) Exceptional children enrolled Total day- school enroll¬ ment Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard of hear¬ ing Social¬ ly mal¬ ad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or delin¬ quent) Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pittsburgh, Pa.. . 669, 817 591 173 211 1,842 2,817 115, 165 Reading, Pa _ _ _ 111, 171 38 19 145 43 245 19, 782 Scranton, Pa 143, 433 171 171 27, 151 Providence, R.I _ 252, 981 33 459 219 81 792 48, 282 Dallas, Tex.. _ _ 260, 475 9 128 137 51,800 El Paso, Tex _ _ _ 102, 421 6 21 22 28 77 19, 202 Fort Worth, Tex _ _ 163, 447 12 12 36, 364 Norfolk, Va _ 129, 710 13 13 104 130 26, 382 Richmond, Va... _ 182, 929 40 12 97 353 438 940 35, 179 Seattle, Wash _ 365, 583 117 50 688 1, 163 254 2, 272 68, 661 Spokane, Wash.. _ 115, 514 14 24 169 145 56 397 805 21, 767 Tacoma, Wash 106, 817 16 20 28 307 31 130 532 21, 395 Milwaukee, Wis 578, 249 128 254 254 135 148 919 89, 940 Total _ 33, 244, 890 ! 4, 636 3,448 13, 638 55,538 1 20, 486 14, 083 18, 314 1,442 131, 585 5, 664, 900 GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION Tucson, Ariz _ Little Rock, Ark _ Alameda, Calif _ Alhambra, Calif _ Berkeley, Calif _ Fresno, Calif _ Glendale, Calif _ Pasadena, Calif _ Sacramento, Calif _ Santa Barbara, Calif — Santa Monica, Calif _ Stockton, Cahf _ Pueblo, Colo. (District no. 1) - M eriden, Conn _ New Britain, Conn _ Norwalk, Conn _ Norwich, Conn _ Stanford, Conn _ Waterbury, Conn _ Columbus, Ga _ Bloomington Ill _ Cicero, Ill-. _ _ _ Danville, Ill _ Decatur, Ill _ East St. Louis, HI _ Elgin, Ill _ Evanston, Ill. (District no. 75) _ Joliet, HI _ Maywood, HI _ Melrose Park, Ill _ Moline, Ill _ Oak Park, Ill _ Rockford, Ill _ Rock Island, Ill _ Springfield, Ill _ East Chicago, Ind _ Cedar Rapids, Iowa _ Davenport, Iowa _ Dubuque, Iowa _ Sioux City, Iowa _ Waterloo, Iowa: East side _ West side _ 50, 38,481 68, 128 36, 32, 56, 99, 902 43, 131 30, 66, 36, 765 57 82. 35 438 63,338 42, 993 36, 570 32,: 63, « 85, { 37, < 71, i 54,: 56. 1 60,' 41.1 79, 183 12 36 19 _ 19 _ 1 10 _ _ - ! 1 73 28 413 91 56 _ ] 38| 5 52 41 156 17 149 39 24 6 80 30 _ 15 no 16 164 51 44 44 16 51 81 ....... 40 25 109 93 25 83 31 : : 66 64 27 5 50 21 33 14 8 33 :::::: 10 8 21 33 55 15 85 10 15 M 31 28 27 177 18 f 27| 19 14 12 20 192 43 18 124 82 16 190 / 49 1 34 12 10,380 55 16, 271 19 7,443 10 7,852 514 15, 543 9 14, 775 56 16,055 292 20, 999 229 20,881 6 7, 624 125 7, 475 290 11,002 51 4, 921 88 6, 340 148 16, 932 40 6, 413 25 4, 828 109 11, 992 118 18, 297 83 10, 375 31 5, 094 66 6,670 91 8, 613 76 11,646 33 14, 772 55 5,908 18 5,289 109 7, 822 100 4,656 25 5, 878 31 6, 496 277 17,020 33 6, 196 32 13, 241 192 10, 502 43 10,231 142 10,025 82 4, 269 206 17,317 49 4,546 34 4, 771 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 10. — Population of city , number of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school system, and total enrollment in public day schools of city, 1931-82 — Continued GROUP II —CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Total popula¬ tion (1930) Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard of hear¬ ing Social¬ ly mal¬ ad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or delin¬ quent) Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total Total day- school enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 64, 120 6 95 81 182 13, 249 65, 252 47 47 7, 829 45, 736 84 65 149 8, 962 70,810 73 48 121 12, 849 37, 747 14 14 6! 927 30, 861 10 10 6, 469 36, 094 7 130 137 6, 447 47, 490 27 27 6, 543 43, 930 122 122 7, 527 48, 424 12 51 63 9, 611 40, 692 25 25 5, 405 56, 537 11 126 19 16 172 8, 010 58, 036 15 15 9, 423 59, 714 12 113 125 11,880 65, 276 12 108 12 132 12, 233 71, 983 130 130 15, 135 35, 680 7 7 8, 126 Salem M ass 43, 353 98 98 6, 130 Taunton, Mass _ 37, 355 85 85 6, 802 Waltham, Mass _ 39, 247 46 174 220 6,047 Watertown, Mass _ 34, 913 58 58 6, 540 Battle Creek, Mich - 43, 573 12 20 19 192 84 71 14 26 438 9, 966 Bay City, Mich 47, 355 9 120 45 27 201 8, 583 Dearborn, Mich.: f'.jty distriut } 50, 358 f . 31 31 2,639 Fordson district. 1 16 13 13 88 130 9, 995 Hamtramck, Mich 56, 268 126 71 76 273 11,410 Highland Park, Mich.. 52, 959 14 109 83 18 224 10, 827 Jackson, Mach _ 55, 187 17 23 326 45 26 163 600 11,217 Kalamazoo, Mich _ 54, 786 7 7 158 23 195 11, 081 Lansing, Mich _ 78, 397 14 153 97 44 17 325 16, 165 Muskegon, Mich _ 41, 390 13 10 181 68 17 289 10, 495 Pontiac, Mich _ 64, 928 132 20 152 13, 155 Port Huron , lVTiph 31, 361 28 11 39 7, 119 Saginaw, Mich 80, 715 17 12 130 19 23 201 13,644 St Joseph, Mo _ 80, 935 104 104 14, 766 Sprin^fioi^, TVTn 57, 527 97 97 10, 915 Butte, Mont 39, 532 51 51 7, 567 Lincoln, Nebr 75, 933 16 63 110 189 17, 715 Manchester, N.H _ 76, 834 52 52 10, 442 9 Nashua, N.H _ 31, 463 87 87 4,686 \tlantic City, N.J _ 66, 198 61 123 13 197 12, 356 Bayonne, N.J 88, 979 10 109 35 32 186 18, 072 Bloomfield, N.J _ 38,077 69 7, 547 "Past firangp, N..T 68, 020 34 34 10, 100 Hoboken, N.J _ 59, 261 32 94 24 150 9, 597 Irvington, N.J _ 56, 733 40 40 10, 050 Kearny, N.J _ 40, 716 24 24 7,807 Montclair, N.J 42, 017 115 7 122 7, 759 New Brunswick, N.J _ 34, 555 53 53 7,044 I North Bergen, N.J _ 40, 714 13 13 6, 986 Orange, N.J 35, 399 61 39 96 196 7, 057 Passaic, N.J 62, 959 124 124 13, 147 Pprth Amhnv, N..T . 43, 516 37 37 8, 619 I Plainfield, N.J _ 34, 422 107 107 7. 380 Union City, N.J _ 58, 659 83 83 10, 915 West New York, N.J _ 37, 107 41 41 7, 769 Amsterdam, N.Y 34, 817 55 33 88 7, 916 Auburn, N.Y 36, 652 64 64 5, 521 Binghamton, N.Y 76, 662 23 260 75 121 479 15, 050 Elmira, N.Y 47, 397 97 97 8, 745 .Tamp.st.nwn, N.Y 45, 155 10 123 133 9, 377 New Rochelle, N.Y _ 54, 000 36 65 16 117 10. 152 Niagara Falls, N.Y 75, 460 355 74 14 443 17, 097 Poughkeepsie, N.Y.. . 40, 288 153 63 216 1 6, 970 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 35 Table 10. — Population of city , number of exceptional children enrolled in special schools and classes in city school system, and total enrollment in public day schools of city, 1981-82 — Continued GROUP II.— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION— Continued Exceptional children enrolled City Total popula¬ tion (1930) Blind and par¬ tially seeing Deaf and hard of hear¬ ing Social¬ ly mal¬ ad¬ justed (incor¬ rigible or delin¬ quent) Men¬ tally defi¬ cient Deli¬ cate chil¬ dren Crip¬ pled 1 chil¬ dren Speech defec¬ tive Men¬ tally gifted Total Total day-| school enroll¬ ment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Rome, N.Y . 32,338 95, 692 } 72, 763 50 50 6,091 18, 522 2,244 6, 881 6, 488 Schenectady, N.Y _ 13 f 11 265 20 1 309 Troy, N.Y.': ' Lansingburg district Union district _ 36 36 { . 36 30 66 Watertown, N.Y _ 32,205 35, 830 50, 193 82, 675 50, 945 39, 667 60 1 _ 60 White Plains, N.Y . 40 75 115 7,643 Asheville, N.C . 16. 16 9,266 17, 138 9,851 6,695 7,915 11, 058 7,786 8, 929 5, 907 6, 202 Charlotte, N.C . . 54 176 47 277 Cleveland Heights, Ohio. . . . 30 34 I 64 East Cleveland, Ohio— 4 4 25 5 38 52; 176 70, 509 42, 287 44, 512 33, 525 31, 084 22 9 14 16 61 Lakewood, Ohio _ . 141 41 182 28 143 7 . 178 Lorain, Ohio _ _ 10 13 92 Mansfield, Ohio _ 13 9 87 23 132 Marion, Ohio 15 20 35 Newark, Ohio _ 30, 596 33, 411 11 11 5,638 3, 903 9, 318 12, 487 6,589 9, 363 Norwood, Ohio _ 13 13 Portsmouth, Ohio. _ 42, 560 68, 743 35, 422 16 35 51 Springfield, Ohio _ 34 10 93 45 182 Stenhenville, Ohio 63 15 78 Warren, Ohio _ 41, 062 36, 440 32, 026 10 11 214 23 258 Zanesville, Ohio _ 15 15 6,865 6, 554 16, 585 11, 036 11, 437 Muskogee, Okla _ 20 20 Allentown, Pa _ 92, 563 57, 892 213 43 256 Bethlehem, Pa _ 48 48 Chester, Pa _ 59, 164 144 144 Easton, Pa _ 34, 468 80, 339 36, 765 66, 993 59, 949 35, 166 54,632 46, 626 45, 729 55, 254 42, 911 77, 149 62, 265 88 88 6, 944 Harrisburg, Pa _ 63 86 54 • 203 15, 392 Hazleton, Pa _ 22 22 8, 333 13, 577 10, 559 4, 985 11,247 Johnstown, Pa _ 14 47 61 Lancaster, Pa _ 111 111 Lower Merion, Pa 14 14 McKeesport, Pa. . 36 36 Upper Darby, Pa 21 27 11 7 65 9 83 19 242 7, 199 9,031 10,441 9, 343 12, 470 11,033 10, 686 9,112 7, 568 9, 396 15, 457 6,601 Williamsport, Pa . 49 49 York, Pa . 26 58 84 Cranston, R.I _ 39 39 Pawtucket,, R.T 56 56 Charleston, S.C _ 95 105 200 Ogden, Utah . 40, 272 40,661 28 28 Lynchburg, Va _ 63 63 Newport, News, Va 34, 417 45, 704 69, 206 30,823 30, 567 75, 572 } 61, 659 16 16 Portsmouth, Va... . 40 40 Roanoke, Va . . 12 12 Bellingham, Wash 143 143 Everett, Wash . 21 142 163 7, 221 14, 259 6,916 3, 751 6, 509 10, 244 6,497 11,310 6, 631 13, 197 6, 932 7, 342 Huntington, W.Va _ 16 29 45 Wheeling, W.Va.: City dist _ 46 45 91 Triadelphia dist _ 24 24 Green Bay, Wis _ 37, 415 50, 262 23 40 57 120 Kenosha, Wis . 79 54 46 179 La Crosse, Wis _ 39, 614 57,899 40, 108 67, 542 14 78 23 26 227 368 Madison, Wis _ 22 106 154 253 535 Oshkosh, Wis _ 13 52 350 484 Racine, Wis _ 6 62 27 95 Sheboygan, Wis . __ 39,251 36, 113 34, 671 12 68 20 23 123 Superior, Wis _ 15 73 258 346 West, Allis, Wis _ 53 37 90 7,275 Total. . 8, 276, 173 516} 751 573 11, 221 2,778 1,785 1,803 264 19, 691 1, 565, 773 Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems , 1931-32 A. — Blind and Partially Seeing 1 GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 i-3 gz i S'js 03 ° § Isis'S & CO 33 c3 ® r~ ° E-'jd i N lOSlOONeOrtHN^NMNOONOO ICO i O I I'-I iNOIOWNhOINCO lOCO-^i-'f ~ i— l CH N »— I wt>. £ Q, CO « ^ n ca § U2 q ^ CO 82 CO CO -H 00 CO N CO CO rococo CO i— < 00 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ JNN lOJiOOJiOr-iTtfiOOJNTftNN^OCOO) UiOiCOOOOOJONON^NHCOCOO COrHrHCOC^CsfrHT^Ot^OSt^C^Tofi-HOfcO ^ CO Or. W S3 CD b> O tdD n 00 O fl rj M W H-H £ O ©0,0 G 03: s “>-g £ oj5 <1 hhcDOhOOCOHMO C5N(NriHMHH>ONH QNCOCOlO CO CO 04 O0 CO C4 AONNOICONC^ rH ! CO H CO CO uOhN(N»Oh ONCOh^^tJUO ) lO lO o *o *o lOCCNOOJ lOCOCOW^dOSHClCOiONNCOiOCOOOiOOSNaOOSMOOOOC iO \COCD p^ppph'ph CO ]coco Pm' PQ pij p. CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Ph Ph P-i Ph Pm 0-i Pm Pm Cm Pm Ph Ph ■30 O j =is-gS-2 n fi ® ^ 03 o -iZ < Q <£>72 co"Z < “M st ia|lilis||af^|^| ISI §S5? p-«| fs'5“s |1 1!|“ 2 gs« pi s® i is ^ EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 37 ill llllllll §11 OOC5 lls 2^* §§111111! ^■(N»Oi4'c^^eo»oodes®rcBj^'iotCc5 eCi-Hofei'cgiot'ri-f iiss -o-- S-S-’SSSJS ^"SSSSiSS .Og^O^Nf.NON^XjONOX Sxc^ggg£g22:k§8£8^®20^g2Sc>,,0:2£03°0 OOCO' Ph O O tf o co pI a 1 8 o A 2 o C5 5 H w w Q fc ■< Ph H Q i « £Ph .§§* PQ O C[SPh o r-g - m (- A n O O C3>7 (SHh^h ® « .3 I-.W m a, 0 2® M O r§ ■ssa 2*3 -5? « co O • as ^i« ■SS,g -Ph ® ® <3 m.Z ® • •Ph £* 3 — 3 £20 Tipt, « Ip gcs a hs *3 2 § <2 * d£ S rt-g |o0J-8 O «-‘.2 5- ?X3 ® 3 g£gt«l 2|q1-S2 !®Sr2o£ 2 .2 Q fe if'C .il=-|s| a“.2 ®-« ® -if 3 X',3 o Soa-p.l-a J. ® -H O +» <3 .o^Ph .'3^3 IHJ a “I -’feSass 20*' rJ^ez I’SlsVll ~'§a°2jg ® *fe 2 §-.2 ot*^ o g1^ co 33 Isll^.i 2 S ® 2^ is ® » ® - 5 o~ ° cqOPh 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 41 CO CO CO O CO C o iq i 05 O 00 c co co 1-T > lOCO^Tf o ) co 05 ■§ C3 *3^ HSzS^SeS 5 Includes both boys and girls. u Special instruction discontinued at end of first term. 9 $12,562 additional salaries for teachers of lip-reading. 12 Same teacher for all. 10 Half-day only; also instructs speech defectives. is includes instruction of speech defectives. Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems , 1931-32 — Continued B. — Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing — Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 3 3 X m ;=3 <3 © m'S’d “ •2 P g © 3 © > O M o m.r; o a SOo”- ^ O S r- 1 ca Q3 O tuo 2 a a o-s 3 “S bJD ^ 03^ s~ rs £ C3 Jj 9-23—, © gjjfll •2^-3 §.2 "22 £-33 ooouonco»o< <3gg22g§ tJ^^cON^OH co CO »o CO CO CO OO ^ CO O *-H C* 5.2 io^i )H0in I H «5CO ^OiOOMN 05 oo — i o OOOlOrHGiCO t-H t-Ti-T r-T OO 912 1, 198 1,686 1, 331 1, 368 3.366 1.367 1, 088 1, 356 2,255 Tt‘0’^C^^OCX)C^ »-H tH hhhhhiohhhhhh^hhhNN fl 3 ■S’© .-©.a .9 9^: J3|l|isf8rfl§32isii- gi o Slf 2'S§ Enggl ii i 1 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 43 lO o o NOiO rr CO CO CO HH ro¬ coco h |0 . zl“| d|.g* §£ P’0 ° ‘ ® o o«i^S w^1 P _r c3 - © •g’B ^OQ w|l«r l»l£ H-|En- 6 « o gSf| sjzjl >2jq ■ r «■ -4-5 M fl cS^^ ©5 > O a^S'n ?|Sg §3»g life R fl fl ® ■a 8^ ;.Hm I§S4- ■ofad ^3 q os - a S isS © £L+* aS ®.sga 'gM^ ’D - r ~ >, $-§ aj S S'—Ph sss* •» #, J-H © aS © u, • £s^S a> « e5 54 8o£5 op f -T s- od.® oi-io Ah to -S « O^S op . > ■SS48S o «t; * * S o « fe-sfZPH a • * i i i i i i 'M ci i i i i i i 88 a 27 180 _ 36 107 75 is i • llllllll !s!§ IS sll i§3 is is — T useoodcd ‘-4co is -locJ ^ H H CO N »o W V J5 CO M O o M ^ mi. o d all-ss 55*3 ®"o,q CS INWN I Iio to ® o ^ 2.9 a 3 w3J 838! OWH^ONOhoO CM »-H CO t— < CO CO CM O CO T* © cm OOOOiO SSSS38 CO © CO CO CO iNtHONCMCOO) CO CO iOOhOONMO ©coco uococoncooo) CO CM* CM I CM t>r rH CO ©OCOH^CMOHOO r-1— cO^^COCMt^OQ ©©t^cocococor^CM COCM©CM~©rHt>T»o© © CM CM 00 CM 00 © «-h CO CM *o©r^Tt- Os o ® 5 ® ® few b2 3 > O S-5S flo ^ « ® SSigs-agg’lall-oillssSS^etjllSg^-* O O co i-t C3 <— • o ^ ^ CD O O C *_# JD ^ ^ ^ Johnstown, N.Y. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 51 i i©iO i i© i© i 00 • I © i irtN • ICS I© C* I iNh I I Oi I »0©ic©©00t0©^i0 005TfOO»ONOO(N coooooco©— >ooooco»-« »o© o 10 *■1 r—i ^ CO CO CO ^ ^ CO CNOIOOOO © © 00 00 © © © © .-h ^ © © CO CN r-T 03 CO CO © H liils tC i-H rH c4“ NhW ICONNHH • ' . CO © © © NOVIO* © © CO © © © © rX © (NN00 © 00 T- ^N00 ©CM©r-r-.i^^oo cfc'fcococsfcoco© O^rHtONWN I O* © © 1^00 *-H *-H ^ i ^•§V >H z, 4*3P-« £§^.S« ZZZ » g'S .O.ogoo.2 oMo'ir o5 o •- o ~ tape’s to S ft S,a:5‘a 3 M §2 oa-c a.S § a <* ® °s«2 a 5 «« gx: § g o_* 5 «, g,- .-- |#8f S$iH4f J2 H s |£i | J Ifliilll g|S3ill§!|I g|i||J |° 8 Includes both boys and girls. Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems , 1931-82 — Continued C. — Mentally Deficient — Continued GROUP III —CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 52 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 a w.3 a * 883 i-l O “'o'0 S? .2 jj g ® <2sSJ COOOOOOOIOOOC N^OOiOCCO^WOOOC ^05W p c3 o £2 ^ EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 53 IQ tH CO CO 83r°2 NHTf cfio tjT 228 ■X! - > 3 3 5 Includes both boys and girls. Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems , 1981-32 — Continued 54 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 o 3 £ _ 2 © •2 o.£5 “ 9*5 cs ° © £2 -2 p, “ 2 © © > C CdO -2 a -a 2.9 3,2 9 o’O 3 0*3 otS £*s $ © O OD £ g.S So2 I’sS 03 — 5 C3 <1^ o o » ■*« CO < ^ lO 5 < Cl 1-H CO CO 00iOOiCOO5 i O CO GO tO O ihcONhO r i-T ^ s? s ^ fc C8>H gx T3i ! « . eg L; >h 3 z =■ lizil’S^Sa rf3 ,rr>-*8SS$ !* 1 13| g|| f l;ai®.§2 h.9 I x ss g a^t^ a §3 §s Sts a s *TSw2feo3S£^c8c3c3^L5oJ.'t^OOo3c3o3c3p92£o3D !m^pqOfefeOWWWS!z:P4AHHE-'ODQHWOOWM Jh fc !* is fc-s EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN !!!!!!!!! ::: !8 ::!!:: : : : ! : iiiiiiiii iiiiiiiii : : : : ::::::: iiii iiiiiii 82 : :§8 ;s§|8 ;8| |8|S2 ;sgg : : i i i i i i i i i i is i i is i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ::::::::::: : : : : ::::::::::: : : : : i i S i i iss i i ! i i r !!!!!! i§2 iRSSS i^S iiii i i " i iiii i i i iiii isN ! ignii iii§n§i in !r4V?<*rHVf ! HHNNH^'h Ir-Tco 1 ! ! i : Ill ii ills illiilll illllllSlls j-T j^fVT i i i i : : : : I.H IfOHHHHH ! ! I‘wV !^“ :^hpT«n ietcf ! ! ! f M 1 i*H IISIllilSlBgi oVNNNNcfeONHNNCf 1 : ii. i i i i 82e3S300222c,>200?$222S33® i32SS&3^S82:!!a"3$53®3200233**2,o3 NHCOCOHHHHHrtrtHNrtrtHN I r 56 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 £ 7 s 5 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 57 Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 193i-82 — Continued 58 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 A r- H 8 A r l I. o H GQ s O I (X, 0 o « o §53® 3 Go ft a a x cq 5 a© II >2 2 S.ss! © M © r-1 ® > o rn .n. I : __ ( ^ "o ® u bO ajslll “-a ®o^ ff) o M ,0 o fl £ o£ >0 10 00 i 05 CO N iO C£5 « CO 8833 co co io O OS 05 iQ O 05 O CO 05 05 ccVoV s= OlOOt 338^ co oT co c ^SHNH05 05C0C0(N05 COCO^t- COCOHO CQ iQCO OOJNIO 00 ^ CO 05 CO IQ CO S882 00 ^ 05 05 CO 05 CO »*h iNOONCOCOO HNNONHCOQ i IQ 00 ^ CO ^ i» i> i i> i i> i ;> S> i i i» i»» i o§.&S> *-• 5IOCOOOHO^O)HMCC )HC0 05NQ0 05t-<^00 lOiONHNONHWCOQOQ' •'2 • I m — ■ rr* • • ^ fl OM >TlH 1 l2 ' S^figSg j-g-S-g .r'o a a s --a £ -at SgSIfS a .5 6 o o® i § § > § ® § § « 3 ”3 S>® K.2.a-a^ a ■ ■ a 2-s a a ® £3 ® Q os 7: 9 9 w EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1981-32 — Continued E. — Delicate Children — Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 60 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 61 COCHIN ^ o © t>- > o co co co iM'C CCN > co co © *o © oo © oo © c © © IO © ^ © 00 CO © © 00 ^ WrHCONHM^WrH O 'x 3 _r c3 9ph - § - O e •*» o, CO fan M OT ® 5S .2 0.25 ® £*,§ S ° § g*® fs-o a s a x OQ S 08 ® Text¬ books 11 Salaries for princi¬ pals and teachers ® 1h co ®~« OT ® ® > O M % g -a 2.9 S-25 ®2 3 ® o w:3 55 *5 «*o JD X! O 3 Bo 2 3 o y ™ g ►. ^ rt- § aflfl 5-'o 03 £ ° .2'3| 55 o ® S-a o ftftg'p 00 05 to to 05 I ^■CO CO I to ! co o CO (M CO '00 • i CO to 05 to 05 to 00 00 OO < to H CO *H 00 to I to CO 00 (M • , d x g d'jg PQ .3 ® Ss ca ojf tj o S3 S s% Jgs5*l*l3i I 111 MISS3 3 3 JiJOmmm^OPHfrMA.-WmoIZlQPMOQ^cQMmOO EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 63 71 1,227 930 967 i j 1 1 isi§8Ba i -o j* • ;ss 7 176 306 143 : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : : : : : : ' ' ' 65 194 4 ! *o s i 3, 760 47,374 55, 309 9, 583 ill i is? i : i 7, 825 3,394 60, 404 45, 610 18, 988 6, 526 26, 453 7, 777 1,841 m‘v si t^CN ill psf »-H » ! » > > Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1981-32 — Continued F. — Crippled Children — Continued GROUP II— CITIES OF 30,000 TO 99,999 POPULATION IN 1930 64 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 "o o i- o fl Ujg aj_" o a CO ~ C3 ® OCMOO I (N hNOh i O ° © & O, CO’S MSlI OOOCMOiOCi N^OOONMO. NC5M 00 CC CO CO i-H 00 c iior^oct^ocMCMr^^cco^uor CM rH CM CM rH CM 00 CM CM ^ rH r-J HHNHCM. CO CM 1C CM CO S>*-i i^C; '.S >v3*o . • ■ f-5 • ^ i * „r -T.£S #5 "S O ^ > £ XJ /-“s h « § ©.3 O C3 0^00°.' § £.2 a2£?£S>°®-£Sflc3i >3 « O o ga g*.g g §B fej - os gS a 2 k Sf < « o o g a 5.3.1 5<)pqWgom^^:c » Includes both boys and girls. 86 Includes data for delicate children. • Same 2 teachers for all types of exceptional children. 37 Hospital instruction. *> Home instruction. Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1981-82 — Continued F. — Crippled Children — Continued GROUP III— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930— Continued 66 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 \ GROUP I.— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 67 ct> cn 2$ lO CO COiOOCOOO CO CO H OC^Oit^-C^CO^cOC ON M(NCOH^N *-hoo o cf h oinoohcohh CO -a SJO - . S' .3 .g .os H oa>;«SopLi3 << O fc. 33 X? g|a±3®i- 2 l?§g>j£§ 1^®- so-m! pH ro^ffl e Sg 22 PQ _ £.3.2,2 s 8-2 rffsslsif e\S«fgo?S o Ph 5 **“* Ph r Stfg,§S$* JaO ,®| o S ® „ to c o fe *Qfl-35«S U . o o© ®.t2 33 3 o o^+i r !jj " 'E rtn lT ® a&rS« a“ ®«2 (3h“w2o aog|^-g.l 23^3 .3 O OTJ o 55 tx o 22 cs Mlg* .s ® o >>►> . i «, aOJ OT* glJfc bp S-V15J1 Sggfi^S 0“ . rB^xJ h- £!32^£- ® 2 csS £ ..gPQ 30 .® ® a a : © 9 rl 5 !.2.af1l ®S«d£*S xj riSa^s+i o O 3 „:3 £2 © 22 ^ ^ • > o ® csM „rtH x’3 ^g si dig iliai *««'}§' £ Sdo.a^l® OQ | | sn^ © - • <3 © 1U§3*H« aSag-tfi^ «, 8-3 .3d f^ifgJf o-flE r I?,® ^ 22 ftiaflS^Sa^Po 20^ -^flng'g's 8rf(?l ./IRS-S !3 © S" ^ o r„ ® ®'-> © a o •— PQ r® § § Jf^JiSil -is rlf^gs 2®s§iD^l®-’3 i toes 2 2-S £ ^ 3 flQn O - ^ 2 3^5 g*rf2f&s°.MS 3s * os pj r“ 2> 5sg«l &°Jg|S glswsl^^ll • « SS.S’gB >£’3” ■* ’S^fB -5 s i Table 11. — Special schools and classes for exceptional children in city school systems, 1931-32 — Continued G. — Speech Defectives — Continued GROUP III.— CITIES OF 10,000 TO 29,999 POPULATION IN 1930 68 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 MS0® 02 3 o3 ® •Sags o.“ ® c3 _S L C O) “oO- I IIP |||1S ^olo^o 3o» ja o.S S’S'O OJU K*. c3 ,2* ®*3 s J3 ftSo Jill! .Th O © o ft&S'P ss 828S NNOOS^WOl CO 0> Ci 00 ^ ^ N ONOO 00 00*0 S8\ S -i 3 8 §1 a § § $200 600 450 1,500 1,800 t>. ! i i i 1 1 1 1 t 1 i i * i • i i * i i i i i i * i i i i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i * i i i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 O CO 05 05 o W^CSCOOJ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 • 1 ncj o a £38 a a gs-ES aJ 03 cqcqoqO!> GROUP I— CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND MORE IN 1930 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 69 Z3 c3 i O -Q O a §s°a - - _ a - ci a 3 a ^ igjlS CJoqOQ °JS . c3 .2Ph _ rio £ ggS-oll SIM oa << =3 ^ b c3 A5l 0-3 § *3* 70 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 12. — Pupils enrolled in State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1980-81 State or outlying part Blind Deaf Mentally deficient and epi¬ leptics Delin¬ quent Total * 2 3 4 5 6 Continental United States. . . 5, 530 14, 890 13, 786 33, 418 67, 624 Alabama . . . ... . . . ... 199 419 92 788 1, 498 Arizona _ _ _ _ 18 70 105 193 Arkansas _ 148 310 181 639 California _ _ _ _ 108 255 654 929 1,946 Colorado. _ .. . .. _ _ _ 63 176 129 475 843 C onnecticut . . . . . 11 334 99 1,073 1,517 Delaware _ _ _ _ _ 42 221 263 District of Columbia _ _ _ _ 200 25 909 1, 134 Florida . . . . . . . . . 87 237 161 234 719 Georgia . . . . . . 102 244 46 238 630 Idaho . . . . . . . . _ 21 77 86 38 222 Illinois _ _ _ _ 258 664 715 2, 720 4, 357 Indiana . . . . . . 165 421 186 746 1,518 Iowa _ _ ... _ _ _ _ 158 355 761 725 1,999 Kansas _ _ _ H5 233 96 225 669 Kentucky . . . . . . 156 343 401 500 1, 400 Louisiana.. _ _ ... _ _ 112 252 162 310 836 Maine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 110 127 325 562 Maryland . . . . . . 100 276 20 1,395 1,791 Massachusetts. . . . . . . . . 284 448 1,236 95 2,063 Michigan _ _ _ .. .. . _ . _ 166 443 890 912 2,411 Minnesota . . . . .. . . 102 294 599 545 1,540 Mississippi. _ 64 200 151 415 Missouri _ . . ....... ... . .. ... 107 534 167 546 1,354 Montana _ _ _ _ 16 85 90 225 416 Nebraska . . . . . . 60 192 ' 193 34 479 Nevada . . . . . _ _ 191 191 New Jersey.. . . . .. .. _ _ _ 78 342 617 790 1, 827 New Mexico _ _ _ _ _ 108 99 18 162 387 New York _ _ _ _ _ ... _ _ 321 1,739 2, 331 7, 002 11, 393 North Carolina . . ... . . . . 232 472 188 977 1, 869 North Dakota _ _ _ _ _ 37 111 156 160 464 Ohio . . . . . . . . 224 621 608 1,108 2, 561 Oklahoma 159 417 194 770 Oregon... _ _ _ _ 43 126 197 101 467 Pennsylvania... . . . . . 471 1,201 795 3, 472 5,939 Rhode Island . . . . . . 101 49 184 334 South Carolina _ _ _ _ _ 104 212 119 49 484 South Dakota . . . . . . 37 106 64 213 420 Tennessee . . . . . . 250 300 21 651 1,222 Texas. . . -. _ _ _ 338 685 90 1,262 2, 375 Utah 29 130 110 269 Vermont . . . . . . . 56 59 151 266 Virginia _ _ _ _ 108 249 139 593 1,089 Washington . . . . . . 96 135 154 639 1, 024 West Virginia _ _ v _ 136 315 631 1,082 Wisconsin _ _ _ _ _ 139 301 681 497 1,618 Wyoming _ _ _ _ _ 71 88 159 Puerto Rico . . . . 48 48 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 71 'Table 13. — Number of teachers of exceptional children in State and private residential schools , 1930-81 State or outlying part Blind Deaf Mentally de¬ ficient and epileptics Delinquent Total State Private State Private State Private State Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Continental United States. 652 172 1,642 .330 700 213M 1, 072 y2 404 y2 5, 186M 18 41 2 36 97 3 9 12 16 42 2 60 17 26 5 15 9 25 22 M H9M 20 35 4 1 32 92 Connecticut . . 3 13 29 8 34 7 94 Delaware _ 1 11 5 17 District of Columbia. _ 27 7 3 H 21 58M Florida . . 9 34 2 14 Georgia . . . . 14 30 2 7 53 Idaho .. _ _ 6 8 1 6 21 Illinois _ _ 30 62 8 21 17 59 36 233 Indiana _ _ _ 16 44 20 2 34 116 Iowa _ . 22 56 26 3 . 11 8 126 Kansas . 19 34 4 3 4 64 Kentucky _ _ _ . 19 40 6 5 30 100 Louisiana _ _ 16 42 6 2 3 69 Maine _ _ _ 12 12 20 44 Maryland . . . . 31 23 17 6 19 81 177 Massachusetts . . . 58 39 26 77 20 87 2 309 Michigan _ 22 53 4 46 7 35 22 189 Minnesota . . . 18 43 33 10 20 124 Mississippi . . 10 28 7 17 62 Missouri _ 19 50 30 13 3 35 150 'Montana _ _ _ 4 18 5 6 y2 33M Nebraska . . 9 24 7 2 12 54 Nevada _ _ 3 3 New Hampshire _ _ 8 6 14 New Jersey _ 10 57 42 28 50 8 195 New Mexico . . . 14 13 1 9 37 New York . . . . 19 31 221 38 145 23 73 178 728 North Carolina _ 34 59 9 32 134 North Dakota . . . . 6 16 9 9 40 Ohio . . . 31 61 14 29 10 41 186 Oklahoma _ ... ------ 20 48 3 19 90 Oregon . . . 6 15 6 34 Pennsylvania _ _ 70 27 132 40 28 70 35 402 Rhode Island . . . 16 6 2 H 5 29M South Carolina. . . ... 10 17 6 12 45 South Dakota _ _ 8 16 8 5 37 Tennessee . . . 27 28 2 26 83 Texas. . . . 57 90 12 34 193 Utah _ _ 5 17 5 27 Vermont. _ _ 8 5 13 Virginia . . . 15 35 3 6 26 85 Washington. . 13 17 7 17 54 West Virginia. . . . 24 42 1 9 76 Wisconsin _ _ _ 25 33 25 20 29 132 Wyoming _ _ _ . 4 11 15 Puerto Rico _ _ 6 16 22 Table 14. — Receipts of State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1930-31 1 72 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 18, 072 I 18, 072 » 249, 373 EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 73 sill! IISSS sasig Ills! rsSS g*sss ss'iis sssss mm mm « O r-4 i i i i ■ ' « i ! i i i i iii |OMN ^ 10 00 CO 10 00 >' 00 O CO £3 5 .g.S'O'S, flOOffl gj™ 3. IM O S3 10 00 r-H OS o MOONO (NOSHN O NHOCOO OO^IO^ i-h OOOOOO CO CO 00 O CO C 1-H OOt^t 00 c5 2 J2 c l> O CO CO Ht< co co r-T co co (N CO iOCOOOWTt< O OS 00 00 I00OO 00OHN 1 CD O o' o‘od‘c|'(N 0(NCJ OOhON t*< go os co os co o l>- 00 OOCDHN Vo* $28: Ss I si§i OS¬ S'S & 0»OO^Hr-< OSO 10 COOIN^IO CO c 1 o 2 8 ^h 8 J lONOON ) CO co 00 t» c/s 0 fl ,o 0 O oS-g is-s 2 60 o -o 3 flja o.ft-q ii-li! HISS 111 II mu mil hhhoo oqqp^o 2h®°M Wi-sSSS SSSSS EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 75 76 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1980-81 A —RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE BLIND Institution 1 Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind, Talladega, Ala _ Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind (Negro), Talladega, Ala.. . . . . . Arizona State School for the Deaf and the Blind, Tucson, Ariz _ _ ... _ Arkansas School for the Blind (Negro), Little Rock, Ark.. Arkansas School for the Blind, Little Rock, Ark— . . . California School for the Blind, Berkeley, Calif _ Colorado School for Deaf and Blind, Colorado Springs, Colo . . . . . . . Connecticut Nursery for the Blind, Farmington, Conn.— Connecticut Institute for the Blind (School Department), Hartford, Conn.4 . . . . . Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind, St. Augustine, Fla.* . - . . . Georgia Academy for the Blind, Macon, Ga.5 . . Idaho State School for Deaf, Gooding, Idaho - - Illinois School for the Blind, Jacksonville, Ill _ Indiana School for the Blind, Indianapolis, Ind . . Iowa School for the Blind, Vinton, Iowa. . Kansas State School for the Blind, Kansas City, Kans — Kentucky School for the Blind, Louisville, KyA._ . Louisiana State School for the Blind, Baton Rouge, La... Louisiana State School for the Negro Blind, Scotlandville, La . Maryland School for the Blind, Overlea, Md._ . Maryland School for the Colored Blind and Deaf, Over- lea, Md _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind, Watertown, Mass... . . . . . Michigan School for the Blind, Lansing, Mich - - Minnesota State School for the Blind, Faribault, Minn— Mississippi School for the Blind, Jackson, Miss _ Missouri School for the Blind, St. Louis, Mo _ _ Montana State School for the Deaf and the Blind and Training School for Feeble-minded, Boulder, Mont _ Nebraska School for the Blind, Nebraska City, Nebr _ Institute for Blind, Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace, Jersey City, N.J . . . . . Arthur Sunshine Home and Kindergarten for Blind Babies, Summit, N.J _ _ _ New Mexico School for the Blind, Alamogordo, N.Mex... New York State School for the Blind, Batavia, N.Y _ Dyker Heights Home for Blind Children, Brooklyn, N.Y. Catholic Institute for the Blind, New York (East 221 Street and Paulding Avenue), N.Y _ New York Institute for the Education of the Blind, New York (999 Pelham Parkway, N.Y.) . . State School for the Blind, Raleigh, N.C _ State School for the Blind and the Deaf (Negro), Raleigh, N.C. . . . . . . North Dakota School for the Blind, Bathgate, N.Dak _ Ohio State School for the Blind, Columbus, Ohio... . Oklahoma School for the Blind, Muskogee, Okla _ Oregon State School for the Blind, Salem, Oreg _ Royer-Greaves School for the Blind, King of Prussia, Pa . St. Mary’s Institution for Blind, Lansdale, Pa _ Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Philadelphia, Pa... . . . . Number of teachers Pupils 1 Receipts from public funds, State, county, or city Expenditures for in¬ struction, teachers’ salaries, books, etc. Total expenditures Kindergarten Elementary High school 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 2 3 13 3 17 3 20 3 40 4 4 7 84 41 12 54 19 53 35 11 34 2 61 10 47 17 $41, 545 18, 706 85, 545 } 58, 020 85, 770 201, 965 $18, 599 7, 344 17, 615 30,000 16, 457 63, 522 $41, 545 > 18, 706 * 85, 545 60,020 81, 714 * 182, 157 9 77 10 158, 522 2 158, 522 14 _ 91 11 43, 905 9, 425 42, 850 6 14 7 14, 513 4, 896 14, 885 30 17* 182 59 237, 075 105,070 237, 070 16 94 71 247, 811 15, 642 235, 707 22 6 92 60 115,415 115,415 19 83 32 89, 749 17, 255 72, 272 19 "l2" 113 31 74,500 28,273 74, 863 12 .... 54 22 155,000 30, 000 174, 000 4 28 8 9,000 4,000 9,000 27 ”2" 50 20 1 >108, 850 31,850 2 106, 381 4 4 16 8 1 68 28 194 56 115, 564 80, 566 500, 146 22 17 86 49 92, 339 23, 600 92, 339 18 10 54 23 65,500 22, 760 75, 507 10 10 40 14 38, 494 10, 327 36, 587 19 14 71 22 75,000 24, 848 73, 660 4 14 2 169, 383 71, 677 « 169, 383 9 .... 48 12 30, 000 17, 000 47, 000 6 1 18 3 4 9 14 27, 468 45, 476 14 14 78 Ts’ 23, 415 140, 064 19 32 73 40 140, 423 38, 741 140, 423 1 7 15, 800 5 1 29 6 13, 292 5,053 168, 052 25 94 36 77, 010 48, 093 409, 554 26 "32* 97 25 ] >126, 711 12, 719 2 350, 476 8 19 43 16 I 6 23 13 17,200 8, 200 29, 000 31 13 151 60 166, 625 56, 050 158, 513 20 10 103 46 110, 000 26, 683 110,000 6 30 13 27, 399 5, 500 27, 399 6 "2 10 8 3, 354 5, 340 13, 393 3 1 12 3 36 11 182 88 151, 007 47, 018 225, 760 i Does not include pupils taking vocational courses only. J Includes school for the deaf. * Includes 3 who teach both deaf and blind. 4 Available data were incomplete. ‘Includes Negro department. * Includes schools for the deaf and the feeble-minded. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 77 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1980-81 — Continued A.— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE BLIND Institution Number of teachers Pupils Receipts from public funds, State, county, or city Expenditures for in¬ struction, teachers’ salaries, books, etc. Total expenditures | Kindergarten Elementary High school 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Western Pennsylvania School for the Blind, Pittsburgh, Pa—. _ _ _ - 25 26 99 29 $102, 589 $27, 793 $106, 304 South Carolina School for Deaf and Blind, Cedar Spring, s n s 10 105, 000 2 105, 000 South Dakota School for the Blind, Gary, S.Dak. . . 8 13 16 7 34, 500 15,997 40, 851 Tennessee School for the Blind, Nashville, Tenn _ 21 147 56 1 o COI 14, 837 80, 843 Tennessee School for the Blind (Negro), Nashville, Tenn. 6 42 5 > 7o, bZl Texas Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Institution for Colored Youths, Austin, Tex. _ _ .. _ 26 16 65 28 51,000 2 134, 000 Texas School for the Blind, Austin, Tex _ _ 31 26 148 55 85, 165 69,900 Utah School for the Deaf and the Blind, Ogden, Utah _ 5 25 4 190,000 35,000 2 190, 000 Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind, Children, Newport News, Va . . . . 3 .... 27 .. 41, 359 6, 640 2 41, 359 Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind, Staunton, Va. 12 67 14 105, 420 44, 726 2 119, 750 Washington State School for the Blind, Vancouver, Wash. 13 12 60 24 56, 290 56, 290 West Virginia School for Colored Deaf and Blind, Insti¬ tute, W.Va . . . 5 _ 9 9 54,813 12,500 2 54, 813 West Virginia Schools for the Deaf and the Blind, Romney, W.Va _ _ 19 8 74 36 195,000 95,000 2 195, .000 Wisconsin School for the Blind, Janesville, Wis _ 25 4 92 43 141, 415 28,000 141, 415 B— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind, Talladega, Ala _ Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind (Negro), Talladega, i Ala... . . . . . . . . Arizona State School for the Deaf and the Blind, Tucson, Ariz _ _ _ __ _ _ Arkansas School for the Deaf, Little Rock, Ark.8. . California School for the Deaf, Berkeley, Calif. . . . St. Josephs Home for Deaf Mutes, Oakland, Calif _ Colorado School for Deaf and Blind, Colorado Springs, Colo _ _ _ _ Mystic Oral School for the Deaf, Mystic, Conn - American School for the Deaf, West Hartford, Conn - Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet College . . . . . . Kendall School . . . . . . . . . Florida School for the Deaf and the Blind, St. Augustine, Fla.5 _ _ _ _ _ Georgia School for the Deaf, Cave Springs, Ga.5 _ Idaho State School for Deaf and Blind, Gooding, Idaho... The Ephpheta School for the Deaf, Chicago, Ill _ Illinois School for the Deaf, Jacksonville, Ill . . Indiana State School for the Deaf, Indianapolis, Ind. . Iowa School for the Deaf, Council Bluffs, Iowa... . State School for the Deaf, Olathe, Kans . . Kentucky School for the Deaf, Danville, Ky . . Louisiana State School for Deaf, Baton Rouge, La.. . . Chinchuba Institute for the Deaf, Chinchuba, La - Maine School for the Deef, Portland, Maine . . St. Francis Xavier School for the Deaf, Baltimore, Md... Maryland State School for the Deaf, Frederick, Md. . Reinhardt School for Deaf Children, Kensington, Md - Maryland School for the Colored Blind and Deaf, Overlea, Md _ _ _ _ Beverly School for the Deaf, Beverly, Mass . Boston School for the Deaf, Boston, Mass _ _ Clarke School for the Deaf, Northampton, Mass - 2 Includes school for the deaf. 2» Includes school for the blind. 3 Includes 3 who teach both deaf and blind. 5 Includes Negro department. 7 College students. 8 Total pupils, all grades. 36 _ 256 95 $143, 656 $56,314 $143, 656 5 — 68 .... 18, 706 7,344 2* 18, 706 9 6 56 8 85, 545 17, 615 2a 85, 545 42 _ 214 96 199, 500 50,000 211, 500 26 _ 214 9 405, 591 60, 854 215, 722 5 .... 32 .... 7,353 853 8,403 3 35 17 135 17 201, 965 63, 522 2» 182, 157 13 11 82 1 111, 987 15, 543 111,987 29 14 202 — 112, 269 55,000 127, 136 17 7130 }l49, 250 65, 114 160, 782 10 7 53 10 34 233 3 158,522 2» 158, 522 85,000 59, 541 30 244 30, 400 19, 585 8 'll’ 58 8 58, 052 8 118 20, 936 339, 329 62 ~'6~ 468 72 339, 329 107, 564 44 52 294 75 188,500 62, 299 186, 955 56 8 355 286, 369 168, 203 286, 369 168, 379 34 'ii' 172 ’47’ 63, 500 40 8 343 178,000 178,000 30 166 '35’ 260, 050 48,000 260, 050 12 8 51 12 ’12’ 98 60, 500 17, 599 58, 572 5 40 23 '23' 141 16 102, 340 43,000 103, 560 5 g 11 7, 015 31,850 16, 488 2» 106, 381 7 3 27 7 108, 850 10 6 72 _ 46, 728 17, 277 56, 147 26 8 198 26 ”> c3 fl © a © 3 o o .0 O £} b£ s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sarah Fuller Home for Young Deaf Children, Roxbury, 3 8 21 1 Evangelical Lutheran Deaf-Mute Institute, Detroit, Mich... _ 4 3 28 $9,008 $116, 370 Michigan School for the Deaf, Flint, Mich . . . 53 11 282 118 $375, 121 59, 657 94, 798 W. Roby Allen School for the Deaf, Faribault, Minn _ 4 8 12 Minnesota School for the Deaf, Faribault, Miim _ 39 246 36 152, 510 55, 560 150, 723 Mississippi School for the Deaf, Jackson, Miss.4 . . 28 183 4 167, 500 25, 500 167, 500 Missouri School for the Deaf, Fulton, Mo.. . . . 44 325 266, 818 61, 081 261, 944 Central Institute for the Deaf, St. Louis, Mo _ 30 35 61 93, 514 6 8 40 Montana State School for the Deaf and the Blind and Training School for Feeble-Minded, Boulder, Mont.9... 18 10 71 4 169, 383 71, 677 9 169,383 Nebraska School for the Deaf, Omaha, Nebr _ 24 17 138 37 166, 941 30, 000 166, 941 New Jersey School for the Deaf, West Trenton, N.J . . 57 8 342 363, 941 363, 700 13 8 99 68,000 68,000 Le Couteulx St. Mary’s Institution for the Improved Instruction of Deaf Mutes, Buffalo, N.Y . 38 22 171 21 111, 255 28, 836 111,747 Cleary Oral School for the Deaf, Brooklyn, N.Y. 5 8 12 Northern New York Institution for Deaf-Mutes, Malone, N.Y _ _ _ 18 17 84 7 67,849 30, 961 68,244 Association for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes, New York (904 Lexington Avenue), N.Y . . 38 50 209 2 138, 653 59, 825 186, 043 New York Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and the Dumb, New York (99 Fort Washington Avenue), N.Y _ _ _ _ 41 68 255 33 284, 000 277, 837 St. Joseph’s Institute for the Improved Instruction of Deaf- Mutes, New York (Eastern Boulevard and One Hun¬ dred and Seventy-seventh Street), N.Y . 60 23 371 7 214, 241 68, 488 231, 950 Wright Oral School, New York (1 West One Hundred and Twentieth Street), N.Y. _ 16 7 Rochester School for the Deaf, Rochester, N.Y - 26 23 171 11 117, 435 46, 154 221, 823 The Central New York Institute for the Deaf, Rome, N.Y. 17 14 99 17, 823 18, 610 74, 719 North Carolina School for the Deaf, Morganton, N.C - 43 334 25~ 176, 087 176, 087 State School for the Blind and the Deaf (Negro), Raleigh, N.C.. . . . — - 16 104 2 126, 711 12, 719 350, 476 North Dakota School for the Deaf, Devils Lake, N.Dak.. 16 8 27 60 106, 869 34, 432 109, 073 State School for the Deaf, Columbus, Ohio . . 61 _ 452 67 320, 455 103, 000 270, 450 St Rita School for the Deaf, Lockland, Ohio 14 if 81 15 12, 728 106, 950 Home Oral School, Sand Springs, Okla 1 5 3 Oklahoma State School for the Deaf, Sulphur, Okla 44 s 394 145, 382 145, 382 Deaf, Blind, and Orphans’ Institute, Taft, Okla _ 3 8 15 82, 876 82,876 Oregon State School for the Deaf, Salem, Oreg — . 15 .... 115 'll" 64, 222 19, 045 64, 277 The Sanatorium School, Lansdowne, Pa . 4 3 1 Archbishop Ryan Memorial Institute for Deaf-Mutes, Philadelphia (3509 Spring Garden Street), Pa 7 9 41 Home for Training in Speech of Deaf Children, Philadel¬ ! phia, Pa _ . _ 10 26. 34 Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf, Philadelphia (Mount Airy), Pa - - - - - - - 78 45 473 25 341, 252 145,756 377, 618 De Paul Institute for the Deaf, Pittsburgh (Brookline), Pa. 15 12 129 41, 102 Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, Pittsburgh (Edgewood), Pa - - - - - - 35 300 _ 189.917 72, 518 197, 181 Pennsylvania State Oral School for the Deaf, Scranton, Pa. 10 11 91 _ 67*630 18, 572 67, 630 St. Gabriel’s School for the Deaf, Santurce, P.R. . 6 9 36 _ 4,833 259 7, 480 Rhode Island School for the Deaf, Providence, R.I - 16 18 83 ---- 87, 530 25, 626 87, 494 South Carolina School for Deaf and Blind, Cedar Spring, S C.3 _ _ _ - . 17 *212 105,000 !al05,000 South Dakota School for the Deaf, Sioux Falls, S.Dak - 16 ‘T 93 "T 55, 000 18, 188 65, 854 Tennessee School for the Deaf, Knoxville, Tenn... . . 26 49 214 U) 122 420 42, 159 115, 086 Tennessee School for the Deaf (Negro), Knoxville, Tenn.. 2 _ 23 — J Texas Deaf, Dumb, and Blind Institution for Colored Youths, Austin, Tex . . 26 57 48 22 134, 000 | 51,000 5 !® 134, 000- Includes school for the blind. 3 Includes 3 who teach both deaf and blind. 4 Includes Negro department. 8 Total pupils, all grades. 9 Includes school for the blind and the feeble-minded. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 79 Table 16. — Statistics of State and 'private residential schools for exceptional children , 1930-81 — Continued B— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF— Continued Institution Number of teachers Pupils Receipts from public funds, State, county, or city Expenditures for in¬ struction, teachers’ salaries, books, etc. Total expenditures Kindergarten Elementary High school • 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Texas School for the Deaf, Austin, Tex... . . . 64 442 72 $220, 211 $82, 963 $216, 967 Utah School for the Deaf and the Blind, Ogden, Utah - 17 _ 91 39 190,000 35, 000 2a190,000 The Austine School, Brattleboro, Vt . . . . 8 .... 56 .... 28, 338 17, 685 42, 214 Virginia State School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children, Newport News, Va . . . . . . 4 9 44 41, 359 6,640 2a 41, 359 Virginia School for the Deaf and the Blind, Staunton, Va. . 31 10 183 3 105, 420 44, 726 M19.750 Washington State School for the Deaf, Vancouver, Wash. 17 25 91 19 76, 510 21, 113 76, 510 West Virginia Schools for the Colored Deaf and Blind, Institute, W.Va . . . . 7 34 1 54, 813 12, 500 2* 54, 813 The West Virginia Schools for the Deaf and the Blind, < Romney, W.Va . . . . . 35 280 195,000 95, 000 2a 195,000 Wisconsin School for the Deaf, Delavan, Wis - - 33 29 130 45 242,000 42,000 134,000 St. John’s Institute for the Deaf, St. Francis, Wis _ 17 60 C— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT AND EPILEPTICS Institution Number of in¬ mates Number of teach¬ ers Pupils Receipts from public funds (State, county, and city) Expenditures for instruction (teachers’ sala¬ ries, books, etc.) Total expendi¬ tures Kindergar¬ ten Elementary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Public Partlow State School, Tuscaloosa, Ala . . 535 2 38 54 $136, 461 $2, 100 $114,267 Sonoma State Home, Eldridge, Calif - - 3,264 10 20 261 815, 579 16, 249 815, 579 Pacific Colony, Spadra, Calif. _ _ 648 5 112 176 265, 334 6, 173 266, 869 State Home and Training School for Mental Defec¬ tives: Grand Junction, Colo _ _ _ _ 288 3 18 44 102, 384 3,209 102, 384 Ridge, Colo . . . . 178 1 12 49 54,000 500 44, 419 Mansfield State Training School and Hospital, Mans¬ field, Conn _ _ 955 8 22 77 364, 048 9, 121 612, 886 Delaware Commission for Feeble-minded, Stockley, Del—. _ _ _ _ 278 3 25 95 116, 036 3,000 116,036 District Training School, Annapolis Junction, Md.10 u. 212 7 248, 359 Florida Farm Colony, Gainesville, Fla 465 2 66 95 194, 322 131, 892 Georgia Training School for Mental Defectives, Gracewood, Ga.11 _ _ _ _ 237 2 20 26 State School and Colony, Nampa, Idaho . . 444 1 54 32 76, 522 1, 010 71, 179 Dixon State Hospital, Dixon, Ill _ _ _ 2, 904 3 73 115 846, 646 3, 192 616, 745 Lincoln State School and Colony, Lincoln, Ill - 2, 882 18 45 372 771, 020 15, 683 734, 756 Muscatatuck Colony, Butlerville, Ind.. _ _ 451 66, 378 Fort Wavne State School, Fort W'ayne, Ind _ _ 1,722 20 40 140 20,000 474, 615 Indiana Village for Epileptics, Newcastle, Ind. 11 _ 856 271,716 Institution for Feeble-minded Children, Glenwood, Iowa. . . . . . . 1, 674 20 52 496 517, 203 15, 021 472, 721 Hospital for Epileptics and School for Feeble-minded, Woodward, Iowa" . . . . 916 6 49 129 295, 880 4, 860 285, 700 State Hospital for Epileptics, Parsons, Kans _ 698 2 9 27 243, 042 State Training School, Wrinfield, Kans . . 1, 057 2 19 36 214, 888 2, 000 219, 958 J» Includes school for the blind. 10 This is the official training school of the District of Columbia. "Incomplete data supplemented by report of the Bureau of the Census, 1928. 4456—33 - 6 80 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1930-31 — Continued C. — RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT AND EPILEPTICS-Con . Institution Number of in¬ mates Number of teach¬ ers Pupils Receipts from public funds (State, county, and city) Expenditures for instruction (teachers' sala¬ ries, books, etc.) Total expendi¬ tures Kindergar¬ ten Elementary * 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Public — Continued State Institution for the Feeble-minded, Frankfort, Ky_ . . . . . 700 6 341 $122,998 $4, 149 $122, 998 State Colony and Training School, Alexandria, La... 599 6 40 82 180, 000 4,000 203, 635 Pownal State School, Pownal, Maine . 723 12 11 116 254, 450 8, 942 259, 766 Rosewood State Training School, Owings Mills, Md. 11 _ _ _ 911 Belchertown State School, Belchertown, Mass.. . 1, 059 14 30 117 877, 763 14, 591 715, 777 Monson State Hospital for Epileptics, Palmer, Mass. _ _ _ 1, 528 3 441,350 Walter E. Fernald State School, Waverly, Mass _ 1,734 34 46 242 913, 950 33,022 785, 102 Wrentham State School, Wrentham, Mass.12 _ 1,692 26 225 458 632, 697 Michigan Home and Training School, Lapeer, Mich.. 3, 657 21 64 310 1, 419, 804 20,558 1, 419, 804 Wayne County Training School, Northvflle, Mich... 894 25 34 435 1, 118, 138 48, 160 814, 734 Michigan Farm Colony for Epileptics, Wahjamega, Mich.11 _ _ _ _ 920 230,511 Minnesota Colony for Epileptics, Cambridge, Minn. 410 5 10 71 491, 450 4, 298 173,991 Minnesota School for Feeble-minded and Colony for Epileptics, Faribault, Minn _ _ _ 2, 376 28 66 447 434, 217 27, 193 548, 727 Ellisville State School, Ellisville, Miss _ _ _ 319 7 90 61 60,000 3,600 557,600 Missouri State School for Feeble-minded, Marshall, Mo _ _ _ _ _ 1, 106 13 70 92 255, 294 257, 650 Montana State Training School for Feeble-minded, Boulder, Mont _ . _ 332 5 42 48 13 169, 383 Nebraska Institution for Feeble-minded, Beatrice, Nebr. .. . . . 1, 006 7 60 133 5,000 237, 500 Laconia State School, Laconia, N.H _ _ 633 8 49 142 188, 779 6,135 190, 960 North Jersey Training School, Little Falls, N.J _ 556 14 23 129 298, 289 16, 791 289, 689 State Colony for Feeble-minded Males, New Lisbon, N.J.11 . . . . . . . . 445 4 137,000 New Jersey State Village for Epileptics, Skillman, N.J . . . . . . . . . 1,114 13 33 59 458,097 16, 057 864, 734 Vineland State School, Vineland, N.J . . . 1,431 8 25 31 522, 315 13, 770 530, 786 Woodbine Colony for Feeble-minded Males, Wood¬ bine, N.J. _ _ _ 451 3 40 108, 353 1,380 435,375 New Mexico Home and Training School for Mental Defectives, Los Lunas, N.Mex _ 48 1 18 30,000 900 22,900 Albion State Training School, Albion, N.Y.14 _ 333 9 215 129, 157 9, 558 127,244 Institution for Male Defective Delinquents, Napa- noch, N.Y... _ _ _ _ _ _ 1, 102 1 140 484, 881 2,584 477, 747 Newark State School, Newark, N.Y . . . 1,458 13 43 111 531, 415 12, 472 531, 415 New York City Children’s Hospital (Randalls Is¬ land), N.Y.15 . . . . . 1,439 27 78 181 Rome State School, Rome, N.Y 3,545 26 213 152 1, 060, 998 1, 060, 998 Craig Colony for Epileptics, Sonyea, N.Y.11 . . 1,890 7 175 937, 156 13, 160 899, 592 Syracuse State School, Syracuse, N.Y . . . 1,521 41 40 403 664, 707 20,356 647, 287 Letchworth Village, Thiells, N.Y . . . 2,880 21 69 361 1, 110, 394 38, 927 1,110, 394 Wassaic State School, Wassaic, N.Y. (no data) _ Caswell Training School, Kinston, N.C.11 648 9 121 67 226, 518 State Colony for Epileptics, Raleigh, N.C. (no data) . Institution for Feeble-minded, Grafton, N.Dak _ 643 9 55 101 281, 812 8,637 215, 032 Institution for Feeble-minded, Apple Creek, Ohio (no data) .. . _ Institution for Feeble-minded, Columbus, Ohio _ 2,088 19 41 311 423, 679 12, 951 404, 322 State Hospital for Epileptics, Gallipolis, Ohio 11 _ 2,208 3 559, 276 Institution for Feeble-minded, Orient, Ohio _ 2,478 7 36 182 413, 226 3,749 413, 226 Institution for Feeble-minded, Enid, Okla.12 820 3 261, 033 260. 762 State Institution for Feeble-minded, Salem, Oreg . 850 7 51 146 237, 623 5,000 “ 154, 615 Laurelton State Village, Laurel ton. Pa... . 654 4 134 251, 724 2,318 2.50, 490 Includes school for the blind. 11 Incomplete data supplemented by report of the Bureau of the Census, 1928. 12 Incomplete data supplemented by report of the Bureau of the Census, 1931. 13 Figures given are for the Montana State School for the Deaf and Blind and the Montana State Training School for Feeble-minded. 14 Title and function of this institution was changed by act of legislature, effective July 1, 1931. It was formerly a reformatory but is now the Institution for Mentally Defective Delinquent Women. “Data for 1926-27. “Expenditures for 9 months ending September 1931. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 81 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children, 1930-81 — Continued C.— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT AND EPILEPTICS— Con. .9 £ o G3 <& Pupils 3 ■sS-ii ;3 a © Institution O co © s 3 £ O co c3 ® ■Q a d & C3 ® © T; 4-a d M >» 03 3 © a © 5 CO O _ . -4-5 . ■ Q •!— * ® oSS 05 g©- « 3 3 S2-o ■- »H © o § “ © m QflS.® * -wn Q. X to ® g — 3 a** o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Public — Continued Pennhurst State School, Pennhurst, Pa _ 1,474 16 50 97 $944, 240 $18,813 $944, 240 Polk State School, Polk', Pa _ 1 . . 2, 739 20 39 183 816, 000 816, 000 Selinsgrove State Colony for Epileptics, Selinsgrove, Pa... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 223 Exeter School, Lafayette, R.I . . . . 539 6 45 169, 187 135, 092 265, 299 1,554 6, 412 163, 999 13^. 092 State Training School, Clinton, S.C _ _ 486 6 7 112 State School and Home for Feeble-minded, Redfield, S. Dak. 72 _ _ 611 8 12 52 238, 497 Home and Training School for Feeble-minded, Donel- son, Tenn.11 . . . . . . 487 Abilene State Hospital for Epileptics, Abilene, Tex. . . Austin State School, Austin, Tex.11 . . 1, 150 740 2 10 55 35 380, 810 1,620 335,005 225, 732 Utah State Training School, American Fork, Utah _ Brandon State School, Brandon, Vt _ _ 157 5 32 78 294 5 29 30 77, 500 419, 030 262, 500 2,495 2, 230 90, 927 363,979 232, 713 146, 274 State Colony for Epileptics and Feeble-minded, Colony, Va.11 . . .. _ 1,004 1,217 920 3 98 State Custodial School, Medical Lake, Wash.11 _ 7 58 96 Huntington State Hospital, Huntington, W.Va.11-.. Northern Wisconsin Colony and Training School, Chippewa Falls, Wis . . . . . . 1 1,306 715 18 101 252 429, 013 15, 841 413, 668 Southern Wisconsin Colony and Training School, Union Grove, Wis.12 _ _ _ ... _ 7 16 87 268, 673 155, 634 74, 949 Wyoming State Training School, Lander, Wyo.. 255 4 15 56 3, 650 Private Miss Allen’s School, Los Angeles, Calif _ 22 3 10, 723 18,843 Sunny Crest. School, T.os Angeles, Calif. u 50 5 31 15,000 Wittman Home, Mar Vista, Calif. _ _ _ ' 60 The Williams School for Handicapped Children, Pasadena, Calif _ _ _ _ 12 2 3 9 The Cedars, Ross, Calif. . _ _ 36 4 10 21 8, 600 626 26,000 5, 529 24,264 Meeker Home, Denver, Colo . . . _ 12 1 4 2 St. Gertrude’s School of Arts and Crafts, Brookland, D.C _ _ _ _ 29 3% 10 5 20 1,635 Daughters of St. Mary of Providence Institute, Chicago, Ill. _ . 85 50 Beverly Farm Home and School for Nervous Back¬ ward Children, Godfrey, Ill 72 4 11 28 51, 469 The Mary E. Pogue Sanitarium, Wheaton, Ill. _ 41 3 7 The Indianapolis Home Training School, Indian¬ apolis, Ind . . . . . . . ... 6 2 3 3 5,000 Powell School for Backward and Mentally Deficient Children, Red Oak, Iowa. . . . . 61 3 17 18 The Southard School, Topeka, Kans . . . 6 3 6 5,000 Steward Home Training School, Frankfort, Ky . 112 5 30 30 Sophie G umbel School, New Orleans, La . . 40 2 5 35 18 7, 500 18 4, 500 16, 900 Hill Top School, Jessup, Md . . . . . 20 6 8 12 The Freer School, Arlington Heights. Mass . . 10 4 1 7 1,970 1, 169 2, 835 5,897 975 5, 070 70, 324 The Hospital Cottages for Children, Baldwinville, Mass _ _ _ _ _ 71 2 25 46 Standish Manor School, Halifax, Mass _ 12 5 9, 775 Perkins School of Adjustment, Lancaster, Mass _ 39 9 13 26 66, 216 St. Anthony’s School for Backward Children, Com¬ stock, Mich _ . . . . . 38 3 13 23 16, 875 The Reed School, Inc., Detroit, Mich _ 12 1 10 1 2,197 6, 867 The Wilbur Home, Kalamazoo, Mich _ _ 24 3 The Laura Baker School, Inc., Northfield, Minn ... 44 10 Miss Compton’s School for Girls of Retarded Men¬ tality, St. Louis, Mo . . . . . . . 5 3 5 1,550 3, 870 11 Incomplete data supplemented by report of the Bureau of the Census, 1928. 12 Incomplete data supplemented by report of the Bureau of the Census, 1931. 17 A private school working in conjunction with the Los Angeles Board of Education. The board of education has a fully equipped development school on the grounds and is in full charge of the educational program.. The private agency furnishes maintenance only. 18 The school program in this home is maintained by the New Orleans public-school system. BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 82 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1930-31 — Continued C— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR MENTALLY DEFICIENT AND EPILEPTICS— Con. a o C3 © Pupils a-g £ £ii T3 © Institution O m © a 3 £ O W © © rO s a its 03 £ffl © © fl M >* © a © a 42 5 So 8,. PC ©.a-2 « « s-2'2 PS go. ” a s 2 o .-s u £ o © M 1 “ 0,02.® a X rJi © © cA ** O > 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Private— Continued Bethpage Inner Mission Association, Axtell, Nebr... Dorothy-Hall School, Belmar, N.J _ _ _ 140 2 1 9 9 3 The Bancroft School, Haddonfield, N.J . . . 108 9 26 57 $15, 205 $166, 689 7, 680 McGeno Home, Riverside, N.J _ 12 The Training School at Vineland, N.J 589 16 50 144 i«$174,971 16, 578 459, 507 8,000 Evergreens Sanitorium School, Albany, N.Y _ 6 1 3 2 Brunswick Home, Amityville, N.Y. _ _ 78 1 29 11 Binghamton Training School for Nervous, Back¬ ward, and Mental Defectives, Binghamton, N.Y.. Florence Nightingale School, Katonah, N.Y 33 1 4 9 30 5 9 12 12,620 3, 040 65,400 8, 029 Gary de Vabre Academy, Lake Ronkonkoma, N. Y.._ The Francis. School, Pittsford, N.Y _ _ _ 8 6 5 6 2 Brookly Home for Blind, Crippled, and Defective Children, Port Jefferson, N.Y _ 78 7 66 18, 600 5,000 6,112 3,000 3, 100 63, 300 13, 900 26,000 10,600 367, 324 Sandalphon School, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 22 3 14 4 Wilson School, Dayton, Ohio _ _ 20 7 4 16 Rosehill, Chester Heights, Pa _ _ .. 17 4 7 10 Elwyn Training School, Elwyn, Pa _ 1,004 19 17 44 186 292, 889 15, 718 The Hedley School, Greenside, Pa _ 3 8 11 Marydell School, Langhorne, Pa . . .. . 11 1 5 6 760 20 6, 130 14, 445 4,800 12, 583 Brookwood School, Lansdowne, Pa . 16 3 3 12 4, 868 Narragansett School, Providence, R.I 4 2 M 2 4 The Bristol-Nelson Physiological School, Murfrees¬ boro, Tenn _ 24 g 13 5, 651 Schermerhorn Home School, Ashland, Va . . 7 3 7 The Grundy Home and Training School for Feeble¬ minded, Falls Church. Va 81 3 6 28 2,500 28,000 St. Coletta School, Jefferson, Wis _ _ _ _ _ _ 229 15 20 112 Bethesda Lutheran Home, Watertown, Wis . . 361 5 35 58 8, 784 81, 117 D.— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT CHILDREN Institution Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll dur¬ ing year Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll at giv¬ en date (or es¬ timat¬ ed where not given) Num¬ ber teach¬ ers Num¬ ber en¬ rolled in school work Re¬ ceipts from public funds, State, county, or city Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for in¬ struc¬ tion, teach¬ ers’ sal¬ aries, books, etc. Total ex¬ pendi¬ tures includ¬ ing capital outlay 1 2 3 4 I 5 6 7 8 Public Alabama Boys Industrial School, Birmingham, Ala . . . . 450 i 300 547 335 l i 10 23 2 11 1 7 433 355 181 178 350 $123, 930 64,000 60, 600 519, 177 549, 898 $146, 380 45, 170 65,000 1 518,538 560,460 Alabama Reform School, Mount Meigs, Ala . Arkansas Boys Industrial School, Pine Bluff, Ark _ .... _ •_ _ 355 $6, 220 21,000 162, 137 126, 012 Preston School of Industry (for boys), Water¬ man, Calif _ _ _ _ _ _ Whittier State School (for boys), Whittier, Calif. 1 Does not include pupils taking vocational courses only. 19 Tuitions paid by State for State pupils. 2° School opened August 1930; expenditures cover period from August 1930 to January 1931. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 83 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1980-81 — Continued D— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT CHILDREN— Continued Institution Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll dur¬ ing year Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll at giv¬ en date (or es¬ timat¬ ed where not given) Num¬ ber teach¬ ers Num¬ ber en¬ rolled in school work Re¬ ceipts from public funds, State, county, or city Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for in¬ struc¬ tion, teach¬ ers’ sal¬ aries, books, etc. Total ex¬ pendi¬ tures includ¬ ing capital outlay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Public— Continued State Industrial School for Boys, Golden, Colo... 309 i 200 25 260 [$111,000 $50,000 $126, 000 State Industrial School for Girls, Mount Morri- ! son, Colo . . . . . 216 j 136 7 i 215 i j 57, 513 6, 338 57, 513 Long/Lane Farm (for girls), Middletown, Conn.. 385 263 22 J 321 ; 383,042 20, 938 383, 042 Industrial School for Colored Girls, Marshallton, Del . . . . . . . 67 58 4 53 91,260 103, 288 National Training School for Girls, Washington, DC . . . . . . . . . 155 109 13 155 91,490 6, 880 92, 584 Florida Industrial School for Boys, Marianna, Fla . . . . . 892 411 6 145 218,765 8, 969 200, 766 Dade Countv Home, Miami, Fla _ 292 72 5 _ 1 75,000 75, 000 Industrial School for Girls, Ocala, Fla . . 133 91 3 I 89 | 48, 115 3, 300 50, 365 Georgia Training School for Girls, Atlanta, Ga... 156 3 ; 156 45,000 2,922 42, 863 Georgia Training School for Boys, Milledgeville, Ga _ 173 156 3 j 55, 000 2,100 51,850 Idaho Industrial Training School, St. Anthony, Idaho . . . . . 603 291 6 38 | 113, 870 5,819 132, 848 State Training School for Girls, Geneva, Ill _ 556 i 300 16 208 265, 538 13, 500 249, 365 St. Charles School for Boys, St. Charles, Ill . 1, 776 619 20 677 i 972, 109 25, 000 384, 870 Indiana Girls School, Indianapolis, Ind _ 378 9 322 ' 131,911 5,915 157, 209 Indiana Boys School, Plainfield, Ind _ 530 i 200 25 424 j 194, 435 36, 205 194, 435 Iowa Training School for Boys, Eldora, Iowa _ 790 560 11 544 | 192, 468 14 699 200, 882 Training School for Girls, Mitchellville, Iowa _ 180 i 100 106 1 107, 687 8’, 013 98, 308 Louisville and Jefferson County Children’s Home. Anchorage, Ky . . . 2,051 1, 536 30 500 . 524, 536 40, 880 452, 582 Louisiana Training Institute (for boys), Mon¬ roe, La _ _ _ _ 310 149 3 310 76,294 | 80, 451 State School for Boys, South Portland, Maine. .. 180 134 15 134 67,000 4, 775 71, 775 Maryland Training School for Boys, Loch Ra- ; ven, Md . . . . . 1 495 274 6 i 238 144,710 1 144, 710 Montrose School for Girls, Reistertown, Md _ | 161 81 7 54 67,350 33, 941 70, 266 Hampden County Training School (for boys), Feeding Hills, Mass . . ! 33 2 25 i 38, 422 Industrial School for Girls, Lancaster, Mass .. 577 330 17 : 152, 157 1 15, 623 152, 157 Essex County Training School, Lawrence, Mass. 93 6 — i 65,000 | 64, 414 Worcester County Training School (for boys), . i Oakdale, Mass ... . . . . 42 32 2 42 25,395 1 1,025 26. 484 Industrial School for Boys, Shirley, Mass . 836 i 400 60 240, 100 81, 527 236, 996 Lyman School for Boys, Westboro, Mass . 1,261 488 239, 455 Girls Training School, Adrian, Mich _ 316 12 276 299, 575 10, 120 306, 673 Boys Vocational School, Lansing, Mich _ _ 706 23 253 350, 000 341, 000 Hennepin County Home School for Boys, Glen | . Lake, Minn. . . . . . . 160 54 2 120 State Training School (for boys), Red Wing, Minn . . . . . ... 746 365 7 1 190 211, 264 16,035 186, 961 Mississippi Industrial and Training School, Co¬ lumbia, Miss _ _ _ _ 427 17 168, 110 20, 691 168, 610 Missouri Reformatory (for boys), Boonville, Mo. 450 396 8 1 250 State Industrial Home for Girls, Chillicothe, Mo. 300 15 296 100. 775 9,960 111,699 Bellefontaine Farms (for boys), Florissant, Mo... 332 214 12 ; 332 120, 000 31, 200 151, 200 Vocational School for Girls, Helena, Mont. 96 59 3 H State Industrial School (for boys), Miles City, Mont . . . . . 171 3 | 120 I 51, 581 10, 707 69, 653 Girls Training School, Geneva, Nebr... . 252 197 5 1 105 71, 950 4, 586 76, 990 State Industrial School (for boys), Kearney, Nebr. 384 205 6 34 103,746 5,510 103, 746 Nebraska Industrial Home (for girls), Milford, Nebr . . . . . 87 54 1 78,000 11,064 44,915 Nevada School of Industry, Elko, Nev . . . 3 22, 500 22, 500 State Industrial School, Manchester, N.H . 287 200 6 75,000 75,000 New Jersey State Home for Boys, Jamesburg, N.J . . . . 954 637 I 22 256 510,489 41,000 510, 402 State Home for Girls, Trenton, N.J . 267 i I 259 1 12 267 , 202,981 1 79, 698 202, 981 Does not include pupils aking vocational courses only. 84 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1 930-31 — Continued D— RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT CHILDREN— Continued Institution Public— Continued Newark City Home (for boys), Verona, N.J _ Girls Welfare Home, Albuquerque, N.Mex _ New Mexico Industrial School (for boys), Spring¬ er, N.Mex _ New York State Training School for Girls, Hud¬ son, N.Y . . . State Agricultural and Industrial School (for boys), Industry, N.Y. . . . . Stonewall Jackson Training School for Boys, Concord, N.C _ _ _ Morrison Training School (for boys), Hoffman, N.C . . . . Eastern Carolina Training School (for boys), Rocky Mount, N.C.. _ _ _ State Home and Industrial School for Girls, Samarcand, N.C . . . . . Girls Industrial School, Delaware, Ohio _ Boys Industrial School, Lancaster, Ohio. . . State Training School for White Boys, Pauls Val¬ ley, Okla . . . State Industrial School for White Girls, Tecum- seh, Okla _ _ _ _ Oregon State Industrial School for Girls, Salem, Oreg. . . . Oregon State Training School (for boys), Wood- burn, Oreg _ _ _ _ _ Luzerne County Industrial School for Boys, Kis- Lyn, Pa. . . . Pennsylvania Training School, Morganza, Pa _ Allegheny County Industrial and Training School for Boys, Warrendale, Pa - - Industrial Reform School of Puerto Rico (for boys), Mayaguez, P.R . . . . Oaklawn School for Girls, Howard, R.I . Sockanosset School for Boys, Howard, R.I . State Industrial School for Girls, Columbia, S.C. State Reformatory for Negro Boys, Columbia, S.C . . . . . . South Carolina Industrial School for Boys, Florence, S.C _ _ Bonny Oaks Industrial School, East Chatta¬ nooga, Tenn _ _ _ State Training and Agricultural School for Boys, Nashville, Tenn.22 _ _ _ Tennessee Vocational School for Girls, Tulla- homa, Tenn _ _ _ Harris County School for Girls, Bellaire, Tex. . . Girls Training School, Gainesville, Tex . . State Juvenile Training School (for boys), Gates- ville, Tex... . . . . Bexar County Training School for Girls, San Antonio, Tex _ _ _ _ _ _ Vermont Industrial School, Vergennes, Vt - - Virginia Home and Industrial School for Girls, Bon Air, Va _ _ _ _ _ Virginia Manual Labor School (for boys), Hano¬ ver, Va _ _ _ _ Virginia Industrial School for Boys, Maidens, Va. Industrial Home School for Colored Girls, Peaks Turmont, Va _ _ _ State Training School (for boys), Chehalis, Wash. Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll dur¬ ing year Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll at giv¬ en date (or es¬ timat¬ ed where not given) Num¬ ber teach¬ ers Num¬ ber en¬ rolled in school work Re¬ ceipts from public funds, State, county, or city Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for in¬ struc¬ tion, teach¬ ers ’ sal¬ aries, books, etc. Total ex¬ pendi¬ tures includ¬ ing capital outlay 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 305 254 16 177 $149, 000 $76, 000 $149, 000 70 1 70 25, 000 25, 000 94 90 4 55 22, 500 5,116 41, 895 506 501 27 459 296, 305 29, 872 353, 731 1, 320 618 20 705 460, 073 512, 157 688 499 7 496 136, 233 7, 925 134, 832 200 200 7 200 36, 221 10, 200 36, 821 136 87 8 37, 823 4,957 37, 783 368 281 10 281 99, 219 9, 635 99, 219 425 19 200 215, 850 16, 977 214, 672 1, 186 20 834 413, 080 18, 193 412, 779 214 209 4 194 120, 000 7,254 119, 034 362 230 15 362 100, 730 49, 528 100,730 124 77 3 38, 853 15, 214 35, 447 132 3 101 37, 680 1,780 32, 495 450 298 5 450 89, 000 89, 000 1,361 s 855 28 855 607, 000 23, 560 589, 181 486 372 7 161 196, 969 12, 963 161,584 312 « 250 16 250 65, 820 65, 820 65, 820 84 39 1 84 32, 700 1,004 28, 535 538 219 4 100 109, 800 107, 265 68 68 1 4 33, 000 150 150 2 45 27,500 27, 500 370 200 9 60,000 10, 000 60,000 237 165 4 234 32,000 3, 600 30, 900 850 10 226, 761 142, 276 221, 962 21 75 6 137 4, 498 63, 635 216 2i 150 11 216 87, 822 15, 000 87, 822 383 230 10 230 98, 710 11,214 81, 129 786 752 12 786 60 25 1 30 17, 000 17, 000 347 254 151 125, 000 7,000 137, 532 190 73 4 54 48, 930 1,790 48, 132 258 14 258 67, 103 1, 950 67, 103 301 2i 50 5 t 156 70, 420 6,060 89, 060 125 108 3 125 33, 110 1,772 34, 287 216 5 67 138, 650 1 144,028 Estimated. 22 Includes department for Negro boys located at Pikesville, Tenn. EDUCATION OF EXCEPTIONAL CHILDREN 85 Table 16. — Statistics of State and private residential schools for exceptional children , 1930-81 — Continued D — RESIDENTIAL SCHOOLS FOR DELINQUENT CHILDREN— Continued Institution Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll dur¬ ing year Total num¬ ber of in¬ mates on roll at giv¬ en date (or es¬ timat¬ ed where not given) Num¬ ber teach¬ ers Num¬ ber en¬ rolled in school work Re¬ ceipts from public funds, State, county, or city Ex¬ pendi¬ tures for in¬ struc¬ tion, teach¬ ers ’ sal¬ aries, books, etc. Total ex¬ pendi¬ tures includ¬ ing capital outlay Public— Continued West Virginia Industrial School for Boys, Grafton, W.Va . . . . . . West Virginia Industrial Home for Girls, Indus¬ trial, W.Va _ Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls, Milwau¬ kee, Wis _ _ _ Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys, Waukesha, Wis. _ _ _ _ Girls Industrial Institute, Sheridan, Wyo _ Private California Girls Training School, Alameda, Calif. Convent of the Good Shepherd, Los Angeles, Calif _ _ _ St. Catherines Home and Training School (for girls), San Francisco, Calif . . . Connecticut Junior Republic (for boys), Litch¬ field, Conn _ _ Delaware Industrial School for Girls, Claymont, Del _ _ _ Home of the Good Shepherd (for girls), Peoria, ni _ Convent of the Good Shepherd, Sioux City, Iowa. House of the Good Shepherd (for girls), Balti¬ more, Md _ _ _ House of the Good Shepherd for Colored Girls, Baltimore, Md... _ _ _ _ St. Mary’s Industrial School (for boys), Balti¬ more, Md _ _ _ House of Reformation for Colored Boys, Chelten¬ ham, Md _ _ _ Plummer Farm School (for boys), Salem, Mass.. House of the Good Shepherd (for girls), Detroit, Mich _ Convent of the Good Shepherd, Grand Rapids, Mich... _ _ _ Hudson County Catholic Protectory (for boys), Arlington, N.J _ _ Brooklyn Training School and Home for Young Girls, Brooklyn, N.Y _ House of the Good Shepherd (for girls), Brooklyn, N.Y _ _ _ St. Philomena’s Training School (for girls), Brooklyn, N.Y . . . . . . Berkshire Industrial Farm (for boys), Brooklyn, N.Y _ _ _ New York Catholic Protectory, New York (415-17 Broome St.), N.Y.** _ _ _ Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delin¬ quents (boys), New York (Randalls Island), * N.Y.24 _ _ Sleighton Farm School for Girls, Darling, Pa _ 281 370 390 346 147 122 134 88 101 335 112 703 710 213 222 104 232 177 174 2, 984 1,040 663 350 177 21 100 21 100 2i 30 32 143 84 78 82 2150 67 214 2160 662 576 25 385 164 165 65 142 110 132 1,515 2i 500 423 5 4 13 16 2 10 11 7 5 6 51 350 281 117 380 48 47 100 89 20 18 40 75 84 40 703 174 28 364 19 90 104 74' 10' 81 2, 984 467 $107, 500 57, 500 138, 260 174, 988 44, 531 $8,000 3, 048 14, 128 20, 594 11,842 2, 855 50, 652 10, 229 875 28, 735 20, 396 8,513 2,209 204, 844 44,000 15, 918 18, 172 22, 539 24, 765 631, 601 348, 320 218, 578 1, 600 23,000 6, 721 17, 229 151 7,663 21, 166 64, 282 60, 621 $132, 500 54, 452 133, 979 180, 428 63, 148 12, 243 97, 664 51, 639 63, 823 26, 094 32, 838 51, 175 56, 122 211, 010 196, 420 12, 862 114, 000 51, 559 93, 658 28, 639 165, 490 171,586 639, 658 347, 090 21 Estimated. 23 A corporation under whose jurisdiction there are 3 schools: New York Catholic Protectory (boys), 1900 East Tremont Ave., Bronx; Holy Angels School (girls), 1495 Unionport Road, Bronx; Lincoln Agri¬ cultural School, Lincolndale, N.Y. 24 Privately controlled, State-supported and under State inspection and financial control. Inmates admitted on court commitment. v . - • , . , UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HAROLD L. ICKES : SECRETARY OFFICE OF EDUCATION J WILLIAM JOHN COOPER COMMISSIONER A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 1931 AND 1932 being Chapter VII of the BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES : 1930-1932 BULLETIN , 1933, No. 2 [ADVANCE PAGES] PREPARED BY WARD W. KEESECKER : SPECIALIST IN SCHOOL LEGISLATION UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1933 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. ... — Price 5 cents . ' CHAPTER YII A REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 1931 AND 1932 INTRODUCTION THE PURPOSE of this publication is to make available informa¬ tion on educational legislation enacted during 1931 and 1932. Probably in no previous biennium have there been more legisla¬ tive sessions among the American commonwealths. During this period every State had, a regular legislative session, and the gov¬ ernors of approximately three fourths of the States called their re¬ spective legislatures into special session to wrestle with the serious problems growing out of the economic depression. It is also very probable that in no other biennium have there been so many legisla¬ tive and constitutional measures referred to the people for their determination. Legislative activity relating to education during this period at¬ tained unusual prominence. This activity has been accompanied with intense and widespread interest. Every State legislature was con¬ fronted with the vital and difficult problem of securing adequate educational facilities in the face of diminishing public revenue. A review of this legislative activity portrays a hard, and sometimes bit¬ ter, struggle between those who would curtail educational expendi¬ tures and educational facilities on the one hand and on the other hand those who fought to retain educational opportunities which have been provided. School men, many legislators, and others were steadfast in their belief and in their efforts that during this period educational opportunities should not be impaired. Their efforts in this respect were tempered with a willingness to practice economy and to avoid any waste in connection with the administration and maintenance of the schools. Their cooperation and spirit of devotion to educa¬ tion was also manifested by their willingness to delay, if necessary, capital outlay for school buildings, etc., rather than to yield to measures which would tend to impair the teaching force or instruc¬ tional efficiency, or to reduce the length of school terms. The task of analyzing and reviewing legislation enacted during this unusual period presents unusual difficulties. Numerous enact¬ ments affecting education are found to be considerably involved and include many implications which have been perplexing even to school authorities within the respective States. Owing to the necessity for 1 2 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-193 2 brevity and the multiplicity of. enactments relating to education, only certain phases or subjects can be here reviewed. A survey of legislation during this period shows, among other things, tendencies toward : The abolishment of ex-officio members on State boards of education. Increased State authority for the general administration of education. Increased State responsibility for educational support. Use of new sources for school revenue. Changes in methods of distribution of State school funds. Facilitating and increasing school attendance. Increasing availability of high -school education in rural communities. Higher requirements and lower salaries for teachers. More provisions for the health and safety of school children. Coordination of public higher education resulting in increased State control. Regional school planning, particularly in rural areas. More efficiency in the business management of schools. STATE ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION The tendency in legislation in recent years is towards the abolition of ex-officio members on State boards of education. Students of the subject are generally in agreement that ex-officio board members too often represent the dominant political party and institutional aspi¬ rations rather than the people of the State, and that they should not, by reason of other duties and interests, be responsible for formulat¬ ing and directing the educational policies of the State. The tendency to abolish ex-officio membership from State boards of education continued during the biennium. It appeared in Ar¬ kansas, Connecticut, and Nevada legislation. In 1931 the Arkansas Legislature provided for a new State board of education of seven members elected by the people for 1-year terms, one member to be elected by each of the seven congressional dis¬ tricts of the State. Previously the State board of education in Arkansas consisted of the State superintendent of public instruction as ex-officio member and seven members appointed by the Governor. The new law provided for the selection of the State commissioners of education by the State board of education.1 Previously the chief State school officer of Arkansas was elected by the people and designated as the State superintendent of public instruction. 1 1931 legislation affecting the selection of the State board and superintendent of public instruction was replaced by new legislation in 1933. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 3 In 1931 the Connecticut Legislature abolished ex-officio members of the State board of education and created a State board, consisting of nine members appointed by the Governor. Previously the State board of education in Connecticut consisted of nine members ap¬ pointed by the Governor and two additional ex-officio members — namely, the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor. In Delaware a new State board of education was provided to re¬ place the board whose term expired July 1, 1931. The new board, appointed by the Governor as before, comprises six members who serve for 3-year overlapping terms. The law provides that not more than three of the six members of the new State board shall be of the same political party. The former board comprised only four members. The 1931 Legislature of Nevada provided for a new State board of education of seven members, consisting of the Governor and State superintendent of public instruction as ex-officio members and five lay members elected by the people, one from each educational super¬ vision district in the State. Previously, the State board in Nevada consisted of three members, all of whom were ex officio. North Dakota removed the State superintendent of public instruc¬ tion and the commissioner of agriculture and labor from ex-officio membership on the State board of administration. This board is vested with the general administration of all penal, charitable, and educational institutions of the State. During the biennium important legislative enactments were made in Georgia, North Carolina, and Mississippi, affecting State admin¬ istrative organization with respect to higher education. These States established central State boards for unified and coordinated control of public higher institutions in their respective States (see Higher Education, p. 19). In 1932 the West Virginia Legislature in special session included in an economy act a provision which would abolish the State board of education and its advisory members, together with its secretary and director, and transfer the duties of the board to the State board of public works.2 In North Carolina a State local government commission was created consisting of the State auditor, State treasurer, and com¬ missioner of revenue, and six other members appointed by the Gov¬ ernor. This body is vested with extraordinary powers over the debts of local public administrative bodies, including school boards. Pennsylvania restored to the superintendent of public instruction the power to interpret the school law by adding the following (sec. 2 The attorney general in that State has ruled that by analogy this provision was unconstitutional by reason of the State supreme court decision sustaining an action for salary by an employee of the State board of education. 4 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 30-19 32 1014) to the school code : “ The superintendent of public in¬ struction shall, when requested, give decisions and interpretations of the school law which shall be valid and binding in like effect as law until reversed by himself or his successor or by proper judicial authority.” STATE SCHOOL SUPPORT Recent legislation indicates that the movement toward State centralization in the affairs of public education, motivated by the lack of efficiency in many local school systems, is continuing. Edu¬ cational requirements of our modern social order are increasing so rapidly that schoolmen and legislators are giving more and more attention to the problem of enlarging educational facilities, especially in rural and financially weak districts. This attention has been accentuated during the biennium. The problem of financing school systems according to standards deemed necessary has been difficult in thousands of communities for many years, and it has become ex¬ tremely so during the depression. It is in these communities that the property tax for schools is increasingly regarded as inadequate, and also inequitable from the standpoint of tax burdens. Other sources of school revenue are being eagerly sought and an increasing number of authorities and students of the subject regard larger tax¬ ing areas essential to the solution of the present condition. Hence, legislation to secure more nearly equal educational facilities in rural communities and at the same time to avoid placing undue financial burdens upon such communities generally results in the shifting of some of the responsibility for school support from local to State governments. The most outstanding legislation during the biennium affecting State support and control in education was enacted in North Caro¬ lina. Until 1931 the primary responsibility for the maintenance of schools in that State rested upon communities and local districts, with some State aid. By reason of fluctuating values and varying levels of school costs in different communities of the State, the 1931 Legislature of North Carolina regarding the equalization system of that State as very difficult to administer, and decided to abandon the system and to rely upon the factor of school cost arrived at by a State standard of cost. The new plan enacted by the legislature calls for complete State support for the constitutional school term of 6 months out of State revenues. The legislature thus took the position that it was unwilling to leave the fate of schools to differ¬ ent localities which varied greatly in financial ability. Hence the legislature not only accepted the doctrine that public education is a State function but it went much further — it followed the doctrine to its logical conclusion. For the first time in its history the Legis- REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 5 lature of North Carolina made the support of education a State obligation which was to be met by revenue from taxes levied in the name of the State. This action constitutes a long stride in educa¬ tional legislation. In order to assume State responsibility for the cost of a 6-months school term throughout the State the Legislature of North Carolina deemed it necessary and reserved the right to fix and maintain its own standards of school costs. It did not agree to pay the bill according to county standards. Counties and independent districts, however, were left free to operate better schools and for longer than 6-months terms if they elected to do so. The following statement explains the tax situation in North Caro¬ lina in 1931 and is quite characteristic of the situation now prevail¬ ing in many other States : The taxing situation which confronted the general assembly of 1931 was a very difficult one to handle. Land taxes were so high that property was robbed of its sales value. Taxes in many counties could not be collected ; the counties could not meet their obligations or were running on borrowed money ; and some of them were forced to pay their teachers in scrip which even at this date has not yet been redeemed. Some means had to be devised to reduce the taxes on land by a very considerable amount. Since the schools were the largest spenders from ad valorem taxes, they came in for the first consideration. (State Department Circular, Dec. 7, 1931.) In order to enable the State to pay the total bill for a 6-months school term the legislature appropriated $11,500,000 from State funds derived from indirect sources. To this was added $4,350,000 State funds from ad valorem taxes, from fines and forfeitures, dog taxes, forest fees, etc. State funds for schools were increased in two other States. Dela¬ ware increased the State school budget 5 percent ; made “ liberal appropriation ” for the university and a State- wide school building program. Rhode Island made slight increases in appropriation of funds for certain educational purposes, especially for teachers’ sal¬ aries and teachers’ pensions. In 1932 the Supreme Court of Kentucky held the State school equalization system provided for in 1930 unconstitutional on the ground that all State funds shall be distributed on pupil census basis. (Talbott v. State Board of Education, 52 S.W. 727.) (A) NEW SOURCES OF SCHOOL REVENUE Recent years have witnessed widespread unprecedented interest in securing new sources of revenue for schools. The general prop¬ erty tax is increasingly regarded as inadequate for financing edu¬ cation under modern conditions. For years students of the general tax problem have been studying other sources of wealth and new 6 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 systems of taxation in order that reduction may be made on prop¬ erty taxes, and in order to secure adequate and more equitable distri¬ bution of tax burdens. A number of significant legislative enact¬ ments have been made in recent years which have resulted in con¬ siderable school revenue from other sources. Revenues from taxes other than general property taxes now constitute more than 20 percent of the school receipts in approximately a dozen States, and in Delaware they make up approximately 88 percent of the school funds.3 Recent tax legislation falls principally under the following five general classifications: (1) General property tax; (2) sales and com¬ modity taxes; (3) income taxes; (4) estate taxes and inheritance taxes; and (5) corporation and franchise taxes. It should be understood that most of the taxes falling under the aforementioned classifications are not levied specifically for educational purposes. However, these taxes as a rule increase the general public funds available for various State and local functions, including education. In some cases these new taxes do specifically and directly provide funds for education. General 'property tax. — The depression has tended to accentuate interest in reduction of property taxes. Efforts in this direction run up against the problem of constitutional amendments in some States and progress has been slow. During the biennium legisla¬ tion was enacted in a number of States which provides for a reduc¬ tion in general property tax rates. Among these are Iowa, North Carolina, Vermont, and West Virginia. A number of States al¬ lowed county and other school districts to reduce property tax rates. Sales and commodity taxes. — Among the States which enacted legislation affecting sales or commodity taxes during 1931 and 1932 are Arizona, Arkansas, Georgia, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Mis¬ sissippi, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Ver¬ mont, and Wisconsin. The Legislatures of Georgia, Ohio, and Texas imposed taxes on cigarettes. Arkansas raised the cigarette tax from $2 to $2.25 per 1,000 cigarettes, the receipts of which, as well as the 10 percent levy on cigars, are used for educational purposes. The Ohio act places an excise tax on the sale of cigarettes at the rate of 1 cent on each 10 or fractional part thereof, and also placed an annual license tax on all persons engaged in the wholesaling or retailing of cigarettes. The revenues received from the cigarette tax are paid into the State treasury, from which the general assembly may make appropriations for (1) paying the expense of adminis¬ tering the State educational equalization fund, (2) affording the 3 Mort, Paul R. State Support for Public Education. National Survey of School Finance, Office of Education, published by American Council on Education, Washington, D.C., 1933. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 7 advantages of free education to all the youth of the State, and (3) for the purpose of constructing and repairing buildings at the institutions administered by the department of public welfare. Among the States which increased taxes upon the sale of gasoline are Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Okla¬ homa, Tennessee, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. Florida au¬ thorized county superintendents to levy and collect a gasoline tax to pay for textbooks for grades 1 to 6, inclusive. Nebraska levied a tax on vending machines. North Dakota im¬ posed a tax on the gross receipts of all wholesale and retail mer¬ chants. The Legislature of Vermont levied a tax upon outdoor advertising. Income taxes. — During the biennium Alabama, Idaho, Kansas, Ohio, Utah, Vermont, and West Virginia enacted State income-tax systems for the first time. Previously existing income-tax systems in Georgia, Missouri, North Carolina, and Oklahoma were revised so that they may contribute substantially to the support of educa¬ tion. Idaho provided that all receipts from the State income tax shall become a part of a general State fund under the custody of the State treasurer, and that the revenue so produced shall be taken account of by the State board of equalization in making the annual levy for State purposes. It is the expressed intention of this act that the revenue derived hereunder shall reduce by corresponding amount the direct tax levy which the State board of equalization would otherwise make and apportion to the several counties in the State. Most of the receipts from the Oklahoma income-tax law are to be used for common schools and distributed on a census basis. The income-tax rates were increased in Georgia, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, and Oregon. Estate and inheritance tcuxes. — Inheritance-tax legislation was submitted to the people of Alabama and Florida and was approved in both instances. Among the States which modified their laws on this subject are Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Corporation and franchise taxes. — Florida required all corpora¬ tions to file a report with the secretary of state and required such corporations to pay a filing fee. Certain public-utility corporations in that State were required to pay a tax of 1 y2 percent on gross receipts. Modifications of franchise tax laws were made in Dela¬ ware, Maine, North Carolina, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. Excise taxes on certain common carriers, in addition to the existing regis¬ tration fees, gasoline taxes, etc., were levied in Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming. Regis- 8 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 30-19 3 2 tration fees for various franchises were increased in a number of States. Among these are Florida, Illinois, Nebraska, New Mexico, Ohio, and Wisconsin. In Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hamp¬ shire, and Vermont aircraft were subjected to license fees. Ala¬ bama and Florida imposed a tax on chain stores. North Carolina extended and increased the franchise tax in order to help meet the expense of State-supported 6-months school term. Minnesota im¬ posed a motor-vehicle tax. South Carolina imposed a tax on electric power. Arkansas imposed a license tax on the operation of slot machines, the receipts of which were to be added to the State equalization fund. (B) DISTRIBUTION OF STATE SCHOOL FUNDS During the biennium a number of State legislatures made note¬ worthy changes in the method of apportionment of State school funds. Among these States are Delaware, Florida, Indiana (1932), Missouri, New York, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Ore¬ gon, and Utah. These changes are based upon recognition of the need for improved State-wide plans to insure a minimum elementary and secondary education program on a more equitable basis through¬ out the State. The Delaware Legislature established by a new budget the prin¬ ciple of differentiation in the apportionment of school funds. Pre¬ viously the budget provided that after State-wide activities were taken care of the remainder of the appropriations should be based on a straight net enrollment basis. This was changed. The new budget provides that $90 shall be allotted per pupil in grades 10, 11, and 12 ; $82 shall be allotted per pupil in grades 7, 8, and 9 ; and the remainder on the enrollment on the first six grades. It is estimated that approximately $70 will be allotted per pupil in grades 1 to 6, inclusive. In Florida the legislature stipulated that all money paid into the State treasury from the licensing of motor vehicles (except such amounts as shall be first set aside as the motor-vehicle expense fund) shall be credited to the county school fund. Previously, the proceeds of the automobile license tax were used mainly for State and county road funds. Furthermore, the Legislature of Florida directed the State superintendent of public instruction to apportion the public free school fund, the 1-mill constitutional school tax, and the interest on the school fund among the several counties in pro¬ portion to the instruction units in the several counties as determined by the average daily attendance of children between the ages of 6 and 21. The legislature in this act provided the following in¬ struction units and prescribed the method of arriving at such units : (1) Elementary instruction unit; (2) junior high school instruction REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 9 unit; (3) senior high school instruction unit. It also provided that the total number of instruction units of a county shall be composed by using the elementary instruction unit as a base, giving each junior high school instruction unit a value of 1.22, and each senior high school instruction unit a value of 1.43. It was furthermore pro¬ vided that the total amount of State aid apportioned to any county shall not exceed the amount of salaries paid by a county board of public instruction plus an additional 33% percent of the total salaries. In order to assist the Florida counties in maintaining a minimum of eight months free school, both elementary and high, the legisla¬ ture (in another act) appropriated $7,500,000, less a credit of the 1-mill tax constitutionally levied, and less whatever sum may be derived by the State as interest on State deposits in banks of the State, and less whatever other amounts may be appropriated to the county school fund by any existing law. In making up the budget for each ensuing school year the county boards of public instruction were directed to make a careful estimate of the amount of money which will be allotted to each county under the terms and provisions of the law and upon determining the necessary expenditures for the operation of the schools to deduct from such estimated expenditures the estimated revenue to be received from the State and to levy a rate sufficient only to produce the difference, provided that the county levy shall not be less than 3 nor more than 10 mills. In 1931 the Indiana Legislature directed the State superintendent of schools to deduct from the revenue from the 7-cent State tuition common school tax the sum of $500,000 for each of the years ending 1932 and 1933 for the purpose of assisting in the payment of school deficits in poor townships, and stipulated that teachers’ salaries shall be paid first, other personal services and claims later. In 1932 the legislature (special session) directed the State superintend¬ ent to add to the total sum of revenue available for apportionment to each county any amount in the State treasury ready for that purpose, and to apportion the whole amount to the several counties according to the average daily attendance in each county. The State superintendent of public instruction was given the duty to regulate the computation of the average daily attendance in each county. In Missouri the legislature provided that in apportioning the State school funds for the year 1931 and thereafter the State super¬ intendent may use the number of days attendance for the full pre¬ ceding year in apportioning money to districts which have been forced to close schools before the expiration of the full term because of the nonpayment of taxes arising by reason of flood or drought conditions or because of the loss of surplus funds occasioned by the failure of banks. 10 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 New Jersey authorized and directed the State treasury to pay to each county 90 percent of the amount of the State school tax even though such county has not paid in full the State tax, and restricted the counties from distributing the State money to districts that have not paid their proportion of said taxes. The New Hampshire Legislature established a State budget sys¬ tem and financial control, including State control over school expenditures. In New Mexico an enactment was made to provide funds to meet school maintenance expenses of rural, municipal, union, high school, and independent rural school districts during the biennium by authorizing an advance apportionment of funds from the State common current funds and providing a tax levy for the repayment thereof. The legislature also renewed the limitation on general county school tax levies for the year 1931 in counties receiving advance apportionments under certain terms. The Legislature of North Carolina made it the duty of the State board of equalization to set aside the appropriation made for an extended term of 2 months beyond the constitutional 6-month term, and stipulated that the said appropriation shall be used as a tax reduction fund. The act provided for the methods of distribution of said fund and for the rate of local levy, and stipulates that the 'extended school term costs shall not exceed the pro rata cost of the 6-month constitutional term. North Carolina required county boards of education in computing high-school instruction costs for the annual budget to estimate the costs on the basis of number of teachers allowed in each high-school district ; 1 teacher being allowed ior 25 pupils in average daily attendance, 2 teachers for 38 pupils, 3 teachers for 50 pupils, and 4 teachers for 60 pupils, and 1 addi¬ tional teacher for each additional 31 pupils in average daily attendance. (See North Carolina, p. 21.) Oregon made considerable change in the apportionment of the income from the “ irreducible school fund.” 4 Under the old code the county school superintendent distributed this income on the first Monday of October of each year. Under the new provision, the county school superintendent must distribute his county’s share of the irreducible school fund within 2 weeks after he receives it from the State land board. Heretofore the fund has lain in the local bank from August 1 until October 1 and under the provisions of the new act it becomes immediately available to the various districts of the State. In 1931 the Utah Legislature created an accumulative equaliza¬ tion fund beginning at $1 per child in 1932-33 and to be gradually increased to $5 per child in 1936-37. 4 Proceeds from the sale of secs. 16 and 36 of land granted by the Federal Government. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 11 (C) SCHOOL BONDS AND INDEBTEDNESS During the years 1931 and 1932 approximately one half of the State legislatures took action to enable school districts to borrow money, issue bonds, and to refund their indebtedness. Some of these States are Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mis¬ souri, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, and South Dakota. The extent and technical character of legislation relating to school indebtedness does not lend itself to full review here. The most significant legislation pertaining to school indebtedness-- appeared in North Carolina. The legislature of that State created a local State government commission of nine members — the State auditor, the State treasurer, and the State commissioner of revenue, ex-officio members, and six other members appointed by the Governor. This commission was vested with extraordinary power to control the indebtedness of local units of government, including school dis¬ tricts, to determine whether a proposed bond issue shall be sub¬ mitted, and for this purpose it may investigate, among other things, the necessity of the bond issue, the amount of indebtedness out¬ standing, and the ability of the unit to sustain additional tax levy. The act prohibits the investment of public funds in public bonds of any city, county, or district without the approval of the local State government commission. The Maryland Legislature authorized certain counties to issue school bonds, aggregating more than $3,000,000. Nevada author¬ ized certain counties to issue bonds, aggregating $250,000, for school buildings. LOCAL SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION The usual local unit for the administration of schools has had to struggle over many obstacles on its way toward efficiency and econ¬ omy. Notwithstanding this fact the local district unit for the administration of schools generally remains smaller than the unit for other purposes of government. Modern means of communica¬ tion contract distances and extend areas of common interest. Stu¬ dents of local government are growing more conscious of the need for regional school planning, especially in rural areas. The opinion is growing, and that opinion is crystallizing into legislation, that educational opportunities in many local districts can be better pro¬ vided by a larger (regional) area which may embrace many present small school units. Legislation specifically affecting the reorganization of county and rural government in general was not great either in quantity or significance during the biennium here reviewed. However, the in- 12 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 terest in this general field was unprecedented. Educational, social, and political science literature relating to consolidation and regional planning of county and rural government, including school units, was unusual in extent. Experts, including a number of State gov¬ ernors and other authorities emphasized the need for reform in local government. The Governor of Delaware suggested a survey to dis¬ cover whether the county is antiquated or whether consolidation of some county offices and the abolition of others might not be desir¬ able. The Governor of Michigan said that “in the interests of governmental economy, there must sooner or later be brought about the modification in the set-up of the units of local government.” Governor Roosevelt of New York in his 1931 message recommended “ a complete reorganization and modernization of local government ” and recommended the appointment of a commission to study the situation and recommend legislation and a constitutional amendment which would permit legislators to provide modern forms of govern¬ ment for counties. The Governor of North Carolina advocated the elimination of “ inefficiency and maladministration ” in local finances, including closer State supervision over accounting, budget making, debts, and purchasing, and also advocated the mandatory consoli¬ dation of some counties. The effect of this unprecedented interest in the reorganization of rural government may result in slowing down State centralization of education (as well as other functions of government) since it is commonly believed that State control has been encouraged by reason of the seeming inability and inefficiency of small local school dis¬ tricts. If local school districts can be enlarged and made more efficient and able to carry on there will be less justification for centralization of control in State departments. When this is brought about State departments may limit their activities to leadership for higher and better educational standards and ideals. Recent provisions which in some way tend to promote educational opportunities in rural communities are found in various phases of educational legislation though they do not specifically refer to “ rural communities.” The extent and character of legislation in 1931 and 1932 affecting rural schools may be indicated by the amount of legislation relating to the following subjects : Approximately 10 States amended their methods for apportionment of Stat school funds in order to provide more adequate school opportunities in finan¬ cially weak districts, most of which are in rural areas. (See Distribution of State School Funds, p. 8.) More than a dozen States made provisions relating to free pupil tuition and transportation, which make school opportunities more available, especially in rural communities. (See Pupil Tuition and Transportation, p. 37.) Approximately one third of the States made provisions for facilitating dis¬ trict consolidation and the creation of larger school areas, especially in rural communities. (See District School Organization, p. 15.) REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 13 More than a dozen States made provisions looking toward more business efficiency in school management, which would be of benefit to many rural areas. (See Business Efficiency in School Management, Budgets, Etc., p 16.) (A) COUNTY SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION AND SUPPORT Legislation affecting the administration of schools on a county basis has been of slow development. During the biennium, how¬ ever, many States enacted legislation relating to miscellaneous phases of county school districts. These enactments in general amend existing systems or practices and tend in a general way to promote the administration of schools by county authorities. Some examples of legislation pertaining to county administration and support of schools during 1931-32 are here indicated. Alabama amended its laws so as to authorize county boards of education to pledge and “ issue State warrants ” as security for a loan to pay teachers’ salaries and current expenses. Alabama also authorized counties having from 105,000 to 300,000 population to levy and collect a gasoline tax to pay for textbooks for grades 1 to 6, inclusive, which books are to be selected by the county board of revenue, with the approval of the county superintendent of schools. In 1931 the Georgia Legislature prohibited voters living in inde¬ pendent school districts from voting in any primary or election for the county superintendent of schools, and also provided that the county superintendent in certain counties need not be a voter in that part of the county over which he has jurisdiction. The county boards of education were authorized to borrow money not to exceed SO per cent of the estimated revenue accruing and also to reduce taxes in special school tax districts. In North Dakota the legislature created the county superintend¬ ent contingent fund, to which the county commissioners were to make appropriations on estimates of the county superintendent. The purpose of this contingent fund is to pay expenses for teachers’ meetings, play days, commencements, etc. The amounts available for traveling expenses of county superintendents were reduced. Kentucky required members of county boards of education to be 24 years of age, citizens of the United States, and to possess an -eighth-grade education. Furthermore, the legislature directed the appointment for 4-year terms beginning January 1933 of county superintendents of schools in counties having cities of the first or second class. New Mexico authorized counties to levy a 5-mill tax for the con¬ struction and equipment of school buildings to meet emergencies existing “ by reason of extraordinary growth.” North Carolina authorized county boards of education, with the approval of the county commissioners and the State board of equal¬ ization, to supplement the State school term of six months and to 14 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 30-19 3 2 operate schools for a longer term and of a higher standard than those provided for by the State. The county board of education is authorized to approve district school budgets in the same way and manner as the State approves county school budgets. The 1981 legislature limited county school levies to not more than 15 cents ad valorem tax. In order to strengthen county school administration in North Carolina, county boards of education were directed to examine into the business qualifications, executive ability, and ad¬ ministrative experience of applicants for the position of county superintendent. The Legislature of Oklahoma made provision for an appeal from the county superintendents to the county court in all matters affect¬ ing changes in the boundaries of school districts or the membership of school boards. In Oregon the legislature provided that in counties having the county unit for administration of schools the district school board of a county school district shall constitute the county high-school board (affects only three counties which have the county unit system) . The county administration of schools in South Dakota was strengthened through authorizing the county superintendent in counties having 50 or more teachers to appoint an office deputy, and provided that superintendents in counties having 100 or more teach¬ ers may, in addition to the office deputy, appoint a field deputy who shall have the qualifications of the county superintendent. The Legislature of South Dakota also increased supervisory authority of the county superintendent over school boards of any district with respect to buildings and sanitary conditions. Kentucky, Michigan, and North Carolina demanded higher quali¬ fications of county superintendents. (See Teacher Requirements, p. 29.) (B) DISTRICT SCHOOL ORGANIZATION Legislation for the enlargement of local school districts appeared in many States during the biennium. Among these States are Ar¬ kansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Oregon, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Texas, and Wisconsin. Arkansas simplified its consolidation law so as to enable, either by election or petition, an entire county to be placed under one school district. Florida authorized two or more contiguous special tax school districts to be consolidated, and also provided that any spe¬ cial tax school district may be divided and merged with one or more contiguous school districts. Idaho authorized lapsed school districts having no outstanding indebtedness and fewer than five qualified electors to be consolidated with any adjacent school district. Kan- REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 15 sas provided for the voluntary consolidation of rural high-school districts under the same procedure as prescribed for the consolida¬ tion of common school districts. Kentucky authorized boards of education of two or more adjacent graded school districts to com¬ bine and provided that the members of two or more such district boards shall constitute the board of trustees of the new consolidated district. Kentucky also authorized common school districts, upon a majority vote of the electors, to extend their boundaries in order to secure better educational facilities. Without doubt the most outstanding legislation during the bien¬ nium for the reorganization and enlargement of school districts was enacted in Missouri. In 1931 the legislature in that State in order to secure more equal educational opportunities throughout the State made provision for the creation of larger school units to take the place of numerous small districts. Provision was made for the elec¬ tion of redistricting boards in each county. The law provided for county school surveys with a view of enlarging school districts, such districts to embrace not less than 50 square miles or have an assessed valuation of at least $1,500,000. In Montana the legislature required county superintendents of schools to declare any school district abandoned when its school terms aggregated less than 12 months during 3 consecutive years, unless transportation of school children to other districts has been provided for at least 6 months during each of such 3 years. Among the States which made noteworthy provisions for the con¬ solidation of districts for high-school purposes are Arizona, Kansas, Missouri, and Montana, (See High Schools, p. 35.) Delaware provided for the appointment of local boards of educa¬ tion and boards of school trustees. The appointment is to be made by the resident county judge of the county wherein district is lo¬ cated ; four members, and not more than two members shall be from any one political party; each member serves 4 years. (Formerly there were three members elected by the people.) This applies to all districts throughout the State except Wilmington. It is a completely new policy for the State and abolishes all elections for the selection of school board members. The T-member board of education in Wil¬ mington was abolished and a new 6-member bipartisan board was cre¬ ated similar to the State board but appointed by the resident judge. EFFICIENCY IN THE BUSINESS MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOLS, BUDGETS, ETC. The legislative problem of financing public education looms up in ever-increasing importance. Current economic conditions have re¬ sulted in many demands for economy and business efficiency in public education. 172981—33 - 2 16 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 0-19 3 2 There can be little doubt but that the number of local school dis¬ tricts created by legal provisions constitute a difficult obstacle in the movement towards school economy and efficiency. Those who have followed legislative efforts to remove these legal obstructions appre¬ ciate the difficulties associated with such attempts. The great bulk of our present school law relating to the business of school adminis¬ tration was enacted when school systems were developing. Con¬ ditions often change more rapidly than laws. The existence of numerous small districts makes it difficult to meet the present de¬ mand for economy and efficiency in school maintenance. Laws should secure school management on a modern businesslike basis and avoid faulty and improper practices. Accounting is as essential to the efficient and intelligent business management of public educa¬ tion as it is to private enterprises. Within the biennium here reviewed an unusual number of legis¬ latures enacted noteworthy provisions designed to promote efficiency in the business affairs of education and to place school management on a systematic, uniform, and economic basis. Measures providing for State and county control over school expenditures, budgets, school accounting, and reporting won legislative approval in many States. Among these States are : Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, North Car¬ olina, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, and Virginia. The Legislature of Delaware made the State treasurer the treasurer of all school districts in the State, including Wilmington. Hereto¬ fore the public-school districts did not use the State treasurer for a disbursing agent. At present all school money in the State is dis¬ bursed directly by the State treasurer. Moreover, the Delaware Leg¬ islature authorized the Governor to appoint a State board of budget directors of three members, who are to confer with those who seek State appropriations. The budget directors will then report their recommendations to the Governor. The legislature of that State also established by a new budget the principle of differentiation in the apportionment of State school funds. (See Distribution of State School Funds, p. 8.) Florida made it the duty of the county boards of education in making up their school budgets to make a careful estimate of the amount of money allotted to each county under the State appropria¬ tion act. The Legislature of Idaho required all common and joint common school districts to prepare on forms prescribed by the State board of education a budget setting forth expenditures for the past year and the requirements for the next ensuing year. The law prescribed classification of items which are to be followed in the school budgets. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 17 This act limited school taxes in common and joint common districts for general school purposes to 10 mills and for high-school purposes to 5 additional mills. The legislature also directed the county treasurer to file quarterly with the county superintendent of public instruction a statement setting forth information showing in detail the financial status and condition of each school district, and required the county superintendent upon receipt of such report to mail at once a true copy to the respective school districts. In Indiana the legislature limited governmental budgets made in 1931 and 1932 so as not to exceed the budgets made in 1930, and provided that extra funds required for emergencies may be provided upon approval of the State tax commission. The Kansas Legislature provided for the preparation and publi¬ cation of budgets for all taxing units or districts, including all boards of education. The law requires that the budget be properly itemized, showing sources of income and amounts to be expended during the next ensuing year. A Louisiana act imposed general restrictions upon the expendi¬ ture of money for school purposes, and stipulated that the school treasurer shall be personally liable for all items of school expense not included in the school budgets of expenditures. The Legislature of Michigan provided for the uniform reporting of information concerning financial transactions of the State, includ¬ ing provisions for uniform accounting of records and uniform budget procedure and made it the duty of financial officers of each municipality to prepare and submit budgets upon forms and in such a manner as prescribed or approved by the State treasurer. The budget shall clearly indicate the sources of all estimated revenues and all expenses for the fiscal year covered. This act also directed the Governor to appoint a temporary commission of seven members on uniform budgeting, reporting, and accounting. Furthermore, the legislature created a State commission of inquiry composed of five members appointed by the Governor to study township and school district government. This commission was instructed to give special attention to such changes as will reduce the cost of main¬ tenance of such governmental units and increase their efficiency. Montana created a board of school budget supervisors in each county and prescribed their powers and duties. The duty of this board is to control estimates, budget expenditures, and tax levies of school districts. The act prescribed the duties of school trustees, school clerks, and county officers in connection with school budgets. In New Hampshire the legislature made provisions for a complete State budget system and financial control over all State expendi¬ tures. The Governor of the State was empowered to make inquiries 18 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 0-19 3 2 regarding the receipt, custody, and application of State funds, exist¬ ing organization, activities, and methods of business of the depart¬ ments and establishments, to make recommendations, and to order, within the scope of his powers, action to be taken toward bringing about increased economy and efficiency in the conduct of govern¬ ment affairs. The Legislature of North Carolina made very unusual and appar¬ ently significant provisions for promoting economy and efficiency in school administration. The legislature enumerated in detail how the State and county budgets are to be computed and itemized for each of the objects of expenditure for the school system and pro¬ vided that the State budget as determined for each county shall constitute the cost basis for the apportionment of the 6-month school fund and shall be considered the State standard of cost for educa¬ tional facilities. All features of county budgets must be approved by the State board of equalization before becoming effective. The act stipulated that the amount of State funds to any county shall be the amount estimated by the State board of equalization as neces¬ sary for the “ efficiency and economical operation of the 6-months school terms.” The legislature also made it the duty of the county boards of education to study the school conditions in their respec¬ tive counties prior to preparation of their budget to ascertain what modification may be made so as to provide for greater economy and efficiency in the operation of schools. The legislature prohibited the operation of an elementary school with fewer than 22 in average daily attendance or a high school with fewer than 50 average daily attendance unless, after careful calculation, every other plan for car¬ ing for pupils is regarded unsatisfactory. The legislature also sought business efficiency in school administration by making it the duty of county boards of education to examine carefully into the business qualifications and executive ability of applicants for county superintendencies. The Legislature of South Dakota required the State superintendent to prescribe a uniform system of accounting and reporting for school districts, school officers, superintendents, and teachers. The Legislature of Texas created a uniform budget system for the State department, providing for executive control of budget operations. In Vermont the legislature abolished the practice of making appro¬ priations to State institutions and departments, plus receipts, and provided that all receipts shall go into the general State treasury. In Virginia the school code was amended so as to charge school boards with the duty of securing by visit or otherwise complete infor¬ mation about the conduct of the schools, to take care that they are conducted according to law and with the utmost efficiency. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 19 HIGHER EDUCATION (A) UNIFICATION IN THE CONTROL OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION The most outstanding legislation in recent years affecting higher education consists of enactments for the unification and coordina¬ tion of institutions of higher learning. Historically, it may be said that the legal developments for the coordination of higher education in this country reach back to the early days of our national independence. This idea first found legal expression in 1784, when the New York Legislature provided for placing of all higher institutions of learning under the control of a board of regents of the University of the State of New York. This board has continued to exist and has exercised somewhat broad powers in the coordination of higher education of that State. This principle, with slight modifications, found legal expression more than a century ago, not only in the educational schemes of schoolmen but in early legislative enactments in a number of other States, among which were Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Louisiana, and Tennessee. Most of these enactments came to little or nothing, at least for the time being. The rising interest in elementary education turned the main current of education into other administrative channels, and the coordination of higher educational institutions re¬ mained for later development. The recent movement to coordinate the activities of several boards of higher institutions within a State under a single State board manifested itself in Florida (1905 and 1927), Iowa and West Vir¬ ginia (1909), Mississippi (1910), Oklahoma (1911, repealed in 1919), Kansas, Idaho (1913), Oregon (1929). This movement was accel¬ erated during the biennium here reviewed. Georgia and North Caro¬ lina in 1931, and Mississippi in 1932 enacted legislation to this end. Furthermore, the South Carolina Legislature of 1932 appointed a commission to consider plans looking toward the coordination of institutions of higher education in that State. The prime difference between those early enactments and the re¬ cent enactments, especially in the States of Oregon, Georgia, North Carolina, and Mississippi, lies in the fact that the latter have actually placed the control and administration of their respective public institutions of higher education under a single State board, while in New York the various public institutions retain their respective local boards. The Oregon act of 1929 effecting the unification of higher educa¬ tion in that State is the forerunner of the three similar acts within the present biennium. By reason of its recent date and its similar¬ ity of purpose and construction it may be of interest to note its 20 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 0-19 3 2 essential provisions before reviewing the other three later enactments of its kind. The Oregon Legislature of 1929 created a department of higher education under the control of a board of nine directors known as the “ State board of higher education.” The members of this board are appointed by the Governor for 9 years (except a part of the first appointees) with overlapping terms upon the approval by two- thirds vote of the senate. The former board of regents of the Uni¬ versity of Oregon, the board of regents of the Oregon State Agri¬ cultural College, the board of regents of the normal schools, and the board of higher curricula were all abolished, and the new board of higher education was vested with all the powers and duties which formerly were lodged with the abolished boards. The new State board of higher education was directed to secure the assistance of nationally recognized and impartial authority or authorities in mak¬ ing a complete survey of the present conditions and future needs of all branches of the State-supported higher education and scientific research, and directed that the survey study the experience of other States in dealing with higher education problems similar to those which confront the State of Oregon. The board of higher educa¬ tion was directed to prescribe for all State-supported institutions of higher education a standardized system of accounts and records and to prepare biennially a report to the Governor containing the pro¬ posed budget for the succeeding biennium, covering in detail the pur¬ pose for which all expenditures shall be made. The act required that the State levy a 2 4/100 mills for the use of the Oregon Agri¬ cultural College, the University of Oregon, and the State normal schools. North Carolina. — The 1931 Legislature of North Carolina (chap. 202) consolidated and merged the North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering at Kaleigh and the North Carolina College for Women at Greensboro with the University of North Carolina. It provided that the trustees of each of the said institu¬ tions shall act in their respective capacities until July 1, 1932, after which date a newly - created board of trustees of the University of North Carolina, Inc., shall succeed to all the powers now exercised by the three present boards, namely, the trustees of the university, the trustees of the State College of Agriculture and Engineering, and the trustees of the State College for Women. The new board is to consist of 100 members elected by the State legislature, 10 of whom shall be women. The act directed the Governor, within 60 days after its ratifica¬ tion, to appoint a commission of 12 members, in addition to the Governor, who is ex-officio member and chairman, to work out plans for the consolidation of the component parts of the university, for the REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 21 unification of their executive control, and for the coordination of their educational programs. This commission was directed to “ em¬ ploy distinguished and competent experts in the several pertinent fields of higher education in America . . . who shall take account of the experiences of the several American States in the various forms of unification . . . and shall study the circumstances and needs of higher education in North Carolina.” They shall recom¬ mend to the commission with regard to form, extent and procedure, and details “ of unified guidance and control.” The report of this commission was required to be in the hands of the new consolidated board of trustees of the university by July 1, 1932. The report, when approved or modified by them, shall consti¬ tute the rules and regulations under which the consolidated university and its component parts shall continue to function until amended by the board of trustees. Georgia. — In 1931 the Legislature of Georgia (act 298, art. 6) created and consolidated as a department of the State government a “ board of regents of the university system of Georgia ” and provided that the university system of Georgia shall consist of the University of Georgia and all of its 25 branches in various parts of the State, including agricultural colleges and teachers colleges. This act provided that the board of regents shall consist of 11 mem¬ bers appointed by the Governor for 6-year terms upon approval by the senate, one from the State at large and one from each of the congressional districts, the Governor being an ex-officio member. By this act all of the institutions of public higher education in the State of Georgia were merged under one system, and all the boards of trustees of the respective institutions were abolished. The Georgia board of regents succeeded to all the property, records, and powers of the boards of trustees of the respective institutions, which boards were abolished. The board of regents was authorized (1) to make reasonable and necessary rules for the performance of its duties, (2) to elect or appoint professors, educators, stewards, or any other officers necessary for all of the institutions and schools in the university system of Georgia, and to discontinue or remove them as the good of the system or any of its schools or institutions may require, and to fix their compensation, and (3) to establish such schools of learning and art as may be useful to the State and to organize the same in a way most likely to attain the ends desired. Mississippi. — In 1932 the Legislature of Mississippi created a “ board of trustees of State institutions of higher learning.” This board was vested with the sole supervision and control of colleges maintained by the State, including the State university. The board consists of nine members appointed by the Governor, with the -consent of the senate, for 12 years (except a part of the 22 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 first appointees), with overlapping terms. Two of these members shall be from the first supreme court district, two from the sec¬ ond, two from the third, and three from the State at large. The act also provided for one additional member for the University of Mississippi who shall have a vote in matters pertaining to the uni¬ versity. By this act all of the institutions of public higher educa¬ tion in the State of Mississippi were merged under one system, and all the boards of trustees of the respective institutions were abol¬ ished. The Mississippi State Board of Trustees of Institutions of Higher Learning succeeded to all the property and records belong¬ ing to each and all of the respective boards of trustees previously supervising and controlling the institutions of higher education. The new board was vested with authority to control, distribute, and disburse all funds received or appropriated for the use and main¬ tenance of the institutions of higher learning, and it was also vested with the general supervision of their departments, dormitories, business methods and arrangements of accounts and records, and the organization of the administration plan of each institution. The board was directed to provide a uniform system of recording and accounting approved by the State auditing department, to prepare a biennial report to the legislature, showing how the money appro¬ priated to each institution has been expended, and to prepare a budget for each institution for the succeeding biennium. Further¬ more, the board of trustees was vested with full power to elect presidents of all State-maintained higher institutions and all other employees of said institutions and to prescribe their duties and relationships. The act, however, declared that it shall be the policy of the board to allow the executive head of each institution to nom¬ inate for election by the board all subordinate employees of the institution over which he presides. Like the Oregon law, Mississippi required that all relationships and negotiations between the legislature and its committees and the institutions shall be through the board of trustees, and no official is permitted to represent any of the separate institutions before the legislature or any of its committees except upon written order of the board or upon the request of the legislature or their committees. The new board was authorized to appoint an executive secretary u who shall be a well-qualified educational worker and adminis¬ trator.” The act made it the duty of the executive secretary to make constant inquiry into the problems of higher education, u to survey and study carefully the organization, management, and all other affairs of each institution under the control of the said trustees,” and to report findings and make such recommendations as will in¬ crease the efficiency and economy in the operation of each institution. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 23 In 1931 the California Legislature authorized the Governor to en¬ gage an educational research organization to make a survey of pub¬ lic higher education in that State. This survey commission recom¬ mended that the functions of the regents of the University of Cali¬ fornia be extended so as to give them jurisdiction over the entire State university system, including the university and the State teachers colleges; that the present State board of education have jurisdiction over common schools of all grades, including all public junior colleges (except those now attached to the university or State teachers colleges) ; and that provisions be made for cooperative un¬ derstanding and coordinated effort in the operation and articula¬ tion of the common-school system and in the university system by the establishment of a State council for educational planning and coordination. A few other noteworthy acts relating to higher education are here mentioned. The Connecticut Legislature in 1931 authorized the State board of education to confer degrees in education, exclusive of honorary degrees, as are usually conferred and granted in col¬ leges of education. The authority of State boards of education to confer degrees is very unusual. Few, if any, other State boards of education have like authority.5 In 1932 the Rhode Island Legislature created a board of managers for the Rhode Island State College to consist of nine members, five appointed by the Governor with consent of the senate, two appointed by the Governor from nominations made by the alumni of the col¬ lege, and two ex-officio members — the State commissioner of edu¬ cation and the State commissioner of agriculture. The 1931 Texas Legislature declared that university endowment lands located in counties shall be subject to taxation for county pur¬ poses to the same extent as lands privately owned. This act is in pursuance to the constitutional amendment in 1930, which made it mandatory that the State pay taxes upon the lands of the State university. (B) T E AG HER-T RAINING INSTITUTIONS Below is a review of some enactments during the biennium affect¬ ing teacher-training institutions. The Legislature of Connecticut in 1931 required all students en¬ rolling in public normal schools to sign a written statement that they will teach in the public schools of the State for 2 years following graduation unless excused therefrom by the State board of education. Maryland required that each white normal school require for graduation a total of not less than 3 years’ work. The courses of 5 The Board of Regents of the University of New York is authorized to confer honorary degrees. 24 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 study maintained in such normal schools may include specialized instruction in the practical arts, in public-school music, and in such other special fields as may be determined by the State board of education on recommendation of the State superintendent of schools. The Michigan Legislature required all county normal schools to offer a course of 4 term-hours in civics, and required all colleges receiving public money to offer six 1-hour lectures or equivalent in political science covering the forms and functions of Federal and State governments, counties, and villages. This act stipulated that after 1933 no degrees or diplomas shall be granted to any student of normal schools or colleges unless that student shall have success¬ fully completed these courses. Laws in California, New York, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota authorized the fixing of admission fees in their respective State normal schools. In 1931 the South Dakota Legislature designated the State normal schools located at Madison, Spearfish, and Springfield as teachers’ colleges and authorized them to give instruction to qualified persons to teach in the common schools of the State, including high schools. In 1931 the West Virginia Legislature stipulated that all State normal schools shall thereafter be known as State teachers colleges, and authorized them to confer degrees. (C) JUNIOR COLLEGES During the biennium noteworthy legislation affecting junior col¬ leges occurred in Arizona, California, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Utah. The legislative provision for the establishment of junior colleges in Montana was repealed in 1931. Enactments relating to junior colleges are also noted in a few other States; among these are Iowa and Kansas. In 1931 the Arizona Legislature supplemented its junior college legislation so as to provide for the establishment of (1) union junior colleges, or (2) county junior colleges, in addition, and alternative, to the method already provided by law (sec. 1086) for establish¬ ing “ junior colleges.” The 1931 supplementary act provided that a union junior college district shall include two or more contiguous high-school districts in the same county, and a county junior college district shall embrace all territory of the county not included in any other junior college district. Any union junior college district proposed to be formed must have an average daily high-school attendance of not fewer than 200 and not less than $5,000,000 valua¬ tion. The act stipulated the manner for calling election, and for establishing union or county junior colleges, and provided for a “ junior college board ” of five members, whose powers and duties REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 25 shall be the same as those of high-school boards. Courses of study shall be approved by the State board of education. The support of such union or county junior colleges shall be the same as that provided in section 1087 (1928 Revised Code) for junior colleges, namely, “ the board may include in its annual budget an amount necessary for the support of the junior college.” The California Legislature amended its junior-college law so as to require the State board of education to set up standards for junior colleges, and to conduct or have conducted a survey at district expense to determine whether or not a proposed junior college dis¬ trict may qualify under the standards proposed by the State board of education. The requirement that high-school districts have an average daily attendance of 1,000 or more and an assessed valuation of $25,000,000 or more in order to establish junior colleges was eliminated. In 1931 Nebraska enacted its first junior college law. This act is probably the outstanding legislation on the subject during the bien¬ nium. It is also the most recent and complete initial junior college enactment and embodies many features found in the laws of a num¬ ber of other States. This act authorized the establishment of junior college districts coterminous with any school district which has a total average daily attendance of 200 or more pupils in high school and an assessed valuation of not less than $5,000,000. The establishment of such districts may be initiated by petition which shall be approved by a majority vote of the local board of education and also by the State superintendent of public instruction, after which an election shall be called to determine whether or not such college shall be established. If 60 percent or more of the electors vote in favor of a junior college the county superintendent shall declare it duly established. This act provides that the board of education of the school district in which the junior college shall be established and organized shall constitute the board for the manage¬ ment and control of the said college, and the powers and duties of the junior college board shall be such as are now or may hereafter be assigned by law to boards of education of public-school districts. The junior college board is expressly authorized to prescribe courses of study, including not more than two years of work in advance of that offered by accredited 4-year high schools. The board is also authorized to provide courses of instruction designed to prepare for institutions of higher education, and courses designed to prepare for agricultural and industrial, commercial, home making, and other vocations, and such other courses of instruction as may be deemed necessary to provide for the civic and liberal education of the citi¬ zens of the community. The act prescribed that not less than 60 26 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 19 3 0-19 3 2 semester hours of work shall be completed as a minimum requirement for graduation. Under this act the superintendent of public instruction is directed to prepare and publish standards and other regulations for the ac¬ crediting of junior colleges, provide adequate inspection, and to rec¬ ommend for accrediting all such courses of study offered by junior colleges as may meet the standards and regulations. The junior college board is directed annually to estimate the amount of funds required for the support of the school and the county board is re¬ quired to levy the necessary amount the same as other taxes, provided that the aggregate school tax for junior-college purposes shall in no year exceed the limits fixed by law. Boards of education of junior college districts are authorized upon vote of the electors to issue bonds for purchasing sites and erecting suitable junior college buildings and furnishing equipment. The junior college board may prescribe uniform fees to be paid by students, such fees not to exceed $108 per year per pupil. The North Dakota Legisature provided that “ the board of edu¬ cation of any special school district in any city of the State having a population of more than 10,000 when authorized by a two-thirds vote of the electors voting thereon to do so, may establish and maintain, in conjunction with the high school of such district, a department of junior college work to consist of not more than 2 years of work beyond a 4-year high-school course. . . .” The act directed that the State board of administration prepare and publish from time to time standards for junior colleges, provide for their inspection, and recommend for accrediting such courses of study offered by them as may meet the standards prescribed. The board of education of such school district on or before August 15 in each year shall determine the rate of tuition, if any, required to be paid by all pupils attending such department, whether residents or not, of the district. In Iowa the junior college law was amended to provide that no public junior college shall hereafter be established in any school district having a population of fewer than 20,000. The Legislature of Kansas amended its tuition law to provide for the payment of tuition out of public funds for students attend¬ ing junior colleges, and thus extends the provision now in the statutes for the payment of high-school tuition to the payment of junior college tuition with the same procedure and at the same rate. “ Persons residing in Barnes law counties desiring to attend junior college are regarded as residing outside any high-school district and pajunent for any junior college tuition for such persons is made out of the high-school fund of such counties.” REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 27 The Legislature of Utah in 1931 made provision for the estab¬ lishment of two State junior colleges, one at Ephraim and one at Ogden, to be known as “Snow College” and “Weber College”, respectively. The State junior colleges in these cities, were to be established upon the condition that the boards of education of the respective colleges allow the use of the present campus, buildings, and equipment for such schools without cost to the State and that on and after July 1, 1933, the schools shall be maintained jointly by the State and the school district, county or counties in which they are respectively located. The legislature provided that the State pay one half the cost of maintenance. It was provided in this act that the State board of education shall have the management and control of each of the aforementioned schools, prescribe their standards, and appoint the president for each school and also to prescribe entrance requirements for students. The two colleges mentioned have accepted the provisions made by the legislature. Previously they had existed as private institutions. (D) PRIVATE DEGREE-CONFERRING INSTITUTIONS Two noteworthy enactments were made during the biennium respecting private degree-conferring institutions. These acts were passed by the Legislatures of Connecticut and Rhode Island. In 1931 Connecticut prohibited any school from conferring de¬ grees unless authorized by an act of the general assembly, and pro¬ vided that no application for authority to confer degrees shall be heard by the assembly or committee thereof until the application has been considered and endorsed with the recommendation of the State board of education. It is stipulated in this act that no school in¬ corporated prior to January 1, 1931, which had authority under the general incorporation laws to confer degrees, shall be required to comply with the new provisions until July 1, 1933. In 1932 the Legislature of Rhode Island prohibited the incorpora¬ tion or establishment of any academy, college, university, or other institution of secondary or higher education unless, and until, suit¬ able provision approved by the State board of education on recom¬ mendation of the commissioner of education shall be made for adequate faculty and educational facilities and equipment and proper maintenance. The legislature also directed the secretary of state, upon the receipt by him of articles of association purport¬ ing to establish an educational institution, to transmit the same to the commissioner of education. The secretary of state is directed not to issue the certificate of incorporation unless, and until, the commissioner of education shall file with the secretary of state a certificate that the State board of education has approved the 28 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 application for incorporation. This same act also provided that no corporation or association shall grant academic, collegiate, profes¬ sional, or similar degrees without specific authorization in its charter or articles of incorporation. Furthermore, the act authorized the State board of education to revoke its approval of any academy, college, university, or other institution of learning upon proof that such institution has not maintained adequate faculty or educational facilities and equipment. The California Legislature made it a misdemeanor for any private degree-conferring institution to fail to file required reports with the State superintendent of public instruction. Idaho amended its law to require that only one (instead of a majority) of the members of the directors of corporate institutions of learning be a citizen and bona fide resident of the State. The Legislature of Mississippi authorized the board of trustees of any agricultural high school or junior college to lease the buildings and equipment to any individual for the purpose of operating a private school or to lease the land for agricultural purposes. The Legislature of Rhode Island granted a charter to Roger Williams University, a corporation which projects a new university, and authorized the said institution to confer academic degrees, subject to the approval of the State board of edu¬ cation as to curricula and provisions for instruction. TEACHERS (A) TEACHER AND SUPERINTENDENT QUALIFICATIONS Recent legislation relating to teacher requirements continues to raise minimum standards for entrance to the teaching profession and to make State school authorities responsible for the granting of teachers’ certificates. Arkansas moved toward the centralization of teachers’ certificates in the State board of education and California clarified its law relating to the filing of certificates with the county superintendents and abolished the necessity of issuing county cer¬ tificates based on State credentials. Nevada created a bureau of certification in the State department of education under the direc¬ tion of the State superintendent. The Legislatures of Kentucky, Michigan, and North Carolina re¬ quired higher qualifications for county superintendents. Kentucky required all superintendents of schools to hold standard certificates of administration and supervision. Such certificates shall be issued to those who have 4 years of experience in administration and super¬ vision and have satisfied requirements for the issuance of a standard certificate for high-school teaching and completed in addition 6 semester hours in school administration and supervision. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 29 Michigan required candidates for county commissioner of schools to have 27 months’ teaching experience in the Michigan public schools (previously 12 months was required), and to be holders of Michigan life certificates. County commissioners in counties having 100 or more teachers were required to be graduates of a college or university and have a bachelor of arts or bachelor of science degree. North Carolina required county superintendents to be graduates of a 4-year standard college and have 3 years’ successful teaching experience and to be holders of certificates from the State board of education showing those facts. County boards of education in North Carolina were directed to examine into the executive ability and business qualifications of applicants for the position of county superintendent. Indiana legislation required applicants for teachers’ certificates to present a certificate showing that they are “ able-bodied, not ad¬ dicted to drugs nor intemperate, and free from tuberculosis or syphilis.” Indiana by regulation required that graduates of standard institutions located in other States must meet Indiana re¬ quirements before they are granted a teaching or administrative license in that State. Maine abandoned entirely the examination system for teachers’ certificates, except in the requirement for the certificate of super¬ intendent’s grade. In place of examinations actual training in ap¬ proved teacher-training institutions is required, and under the new regulation elementary teachers cannot be certified until they have submitted credit showing completion of at least 1 year’s work from an approved institution for the training of elementary teachers, and secondary teachers must submit credit showing completion of 4 years’ work in an approved teacher-training institution or college. Mississippi authorized the State board of examiners to grant, un¬ der rules and regulations formulated by the board of examiners, a State teachers’ license to students who have finished the accredited course in any 4-year accredited high schood in the State and who have completed 6 weeks of teacher -training course in a summer nor¬ mal school or the equivalent in a standard college of the State. Such license shall be valid for 1 year and may be renewed as other licenses are renewed. Montana raised the minimum requirements for teachers’ certifi¬ cates from 48 quarter hours beyond high school to 72 quarter hours by September 1934, and to 96 quarter hours by September 1936. An unusual number of States enacted legislation during the past 2 years affecting the civic requirements of teachers. In 1931 Cal¬ ifornia, Michigan, Montana, North Dakota, and Washington re- 30 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 32 quired public-school teachers to take an oath to support the Consti¬ tution of the United States ; and South Dakota required all teachers to be citizens of the United States. (B) TEACHERS’ SALARIES Legislation looking toward State-wide reduction in teachers’ sal¬ aries was proposed in many States during the biennium. Ap¬ parently most of these proposals failed. A number of States, how¬ ever, did enact legislation affecting State-wide salary reduction. Among these States are: North Carolina, Ohio, South Carolina, and West Virginia. New Jersey provided for reduction of salaries of State officers and employees on a sliding scale from 1 to 10 percent for the fiscal year 1932-33. North Carolina limited the cutting of salaries of teachers in public schools to 10 percent below the standard salary scale in operation during the year 1930-31. Ohio in 1932 reduced the salaries of State officers and employees for 2 years beginning January 1, 1933, at rates varying from 5 to 20 percent, according to amount of salary. South Carolina in 1932 reduced by 12% percent all teachers’ salaries under the schedule provided in the State-aid law, and pro¬ vided that the amount saved by the reduction should be applied to the payment of any deficit which may exist in the school system of the State. The special session of the West Virginia Legislature in 1932 re¬ duced the salaries of all public employees, including teachers and superintendents, receiving from $1,200 to $2,000, 10 percent; from $2,000 to $3,000, 15 percent; and more than $3,000, 20 percent. It also fixed the salary of State superintendent of public instruction at $5,000, reduced the salary of the president of the university to $7,500, and limited the salary of athletic coaches and directors to $4,000. California authorized the payment of teachers’ salaries in 12 equal monthly installments. Texas authorized independent and com¬ mon school districts to issue interest-bearing warrants for the pay¬ ment of salaries, the total amount of such warrants not to exceed 80 percent of the estimated receipts from local taxes together with all funds received from the State for the current year. South Carolina authorized the State finance committee to borrow money to pay teachers’ salaries for a 6-month term. Rhode Island made a slight increase in appropriation of funds for educational purposes, especially for teachers’ salaries and teachers’ pensions. Teachers suffered salary reductions by local school action in prac¬ tically every State. The extent of these reductions is beyond the scope of this review. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 31 (C) TEACHER RETIREMENT State-wide systems for teacher retirement exist in approximately one half of the States and more than half of the remaining States have provisions which permit certain cities and districts to establish local retirement pension systems for teachers. For many years the general tendency of legislation relating to teacher retirement sys¬ tems has been toward State-wide systems. During the 2 years here reviewed legislation pertaining to this subject has to do mostly with improvement of State systems already existing rather than the establishment of new State systems. A few States authorized certain cities to establish teacher retirement systems. Alabama authorized city school boards of cities with more than 100,000 population to make rules governing the retirement of public- school teachers. Illinois limited the establishment of local teachers’ pension systems to cities of 500,000 or more population. Louisiana authorized all parish school boards (except parish of Orleans) to retire any teacher who has been on active duty for a period of 40 years when they deem it for the best interest of the public schools. The Legislature of New Hampshire authorized the cities of Dover and Portsmouth to provide pensions for teachers who have served 30 years in the public schools. Legislation modifying State teachers’ pension systems occurred in California, Connecticut, Indiana. Massachusetts, Michigan, Minne* sota, New York, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont. The following are examples of changes among these States : Connecticut increased the regular annual pension amount from $350 to $500; Massachusetts required teachers 70 years of age to retire at the end of the school year ; Michigan permitted teachers who have been members of the retirement system for at least 1 year to retire for total disability and permitted teachers who have been members of local retirement systems to become members of the State retirement system; Minnesota reen¬ acted its State-wide retirement system for teachers and extended it to include county superintendents; New York modified its teacher- pension law to enable teachers who have been absent not more than 5 years in any 10-year period to retain membership; the North Dakota Legislature provided for the appointment of a commission to ascertain the condition of the teacher insurance and retirement fund; Pennsylvania provided an option for disability retirement of teachers by permitting, upon retirement for disability, the selection of a lesser annuity ; Rhode Island made slight increases in the appro¬ priation of funds for teachers’ pensions, and extended its teachers’ pension system to include teachers employed by the bureau of the 172981—33 - 3 32 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 0-19 3 2 blind; Vermont provided, among other things, that a teacher who has retired after 25 years’ service prior to July 1, 1929, on account of disability, shall receive an annuity not to exceed one half the average annual salary during his entire period of active service. The legislature of Florida authorized, at State expense, a pension for teachers who have taught 35 years in public schools in the State and who are incapacitated and without means of support. ( D ) TEACHER TENURE Prior to 1930 legislation had been enacted in more than a dozen States and the District of Columbia to provide teacher tenure, con¬ tinuing teachers’ contracts, or contracts for a specified period of more than 1 year. Among the States having laws on this subject are: California, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. In 1931 Pennsylvania amended its law relating to teachers’ con¬ tracts to provide that such contracts shall continue in force from year to year unless terminated by the teacher or the board of school directors by written notice 60 days before the end of the school term. In 1931 California amended its teacher tenure law to make it op¬ tional with school boards of districts having an average daily attend¬ ance of fewer than 850 pupils. In New Jersey the legislature au¬ thorized boards of education to employ superintendents for a term not to exceed 5 years. Wisconsin in 1931 required that all teachers in State teachers colleges be employed on probation for 3 years and provided that after successful probation for 3 years the employment shall be permanent during efficiency and good behavior. This act does not apply to the president or acting president of any teachers college. Wisconsin also provided that all teachers in vocational schools in first-class cities shall be employed on probation for 3 years. TEACHERS INSTITUTES The work of teacher education institutions has largely displaced the traditional teachers institute. Recent legislation continues to eliminate the requirements with respect to the conduct of institutes for teachers. During the biennium Illinois reduced the minimum number of days for county institutes from 5 to 3. Iowa repealed its county institute law and established a new plan for the improve¬ ment of instruction. The new plan directed county superintendents to arrange meetings and demonstration teaching subject to the final approval of the State superintendent of public instruction. Teachers are allowed 1 day per year with pay to attend such meet¬ ings or demonstrations. Pennsylvania authorized any county super¬ intendent to permit any fourth-class district within his county to REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 33 substitute “ equivalent forms of teacher training or teacher improve¬ ment ” as may be approved by the State department of public in¬ struction in lieu of the regular teachers institute. Texas authorized the county boards of school trustees in certain counties to employ rural school supervisors in lieu of conducting teachers institutes. West Virginia abolished the provisions for teachers county insti¬ tutes and Wyoming shortened county institutes to two days and repealed the statutes providing for a State teachers institute. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE Rarely, if ever, does a biennium pass without the enactment of legislation for increasing school attendance. Within the past 2 years no less than a dozen States enacted legislation for enlarging the provisions for more school attendance. Alabama, Maryland, Maine, and New Jersey increased the edu¬ cational requirements necessary in order to leave school. Alabama required, after September 1, 1932, the completion of the seventh grade and after September 1, 1934, the eighth grade in order to leave school. Previously only the sixth grade was required. Mary¬ land clarified and strengthened its State compulsory attendance system b}^ requiring full-time attendance of all children under 14 years of age and also full-time attendance of children under 16 if they are not lawfully employed. Previously the Maryland law re¬ quired full-time attendance until only 13 years of age and for only 100 days per year from then on until 16 years of age. Children in the city of Baltimore were required to complete the elementary school course in order to enter employment. Maine required the completion of the ninth grade where such grade is maintained. The New Jersey Legislature required the completion of the eighth grade in order to exempt from day-school attendance pupils under 15 years of age, and the completion of the sixth grade if above 15 years of age. The legislature also provided that children between 14 and 16 years holding age and schooling certificates and who are temporarily unemployed must regularly attend a day school or a continuation school 20 hours each week. It was also provided that children between 14 and 16 years holding age and schooling certifi¬ cates and regularly and lawfully employed shall attend a continua¬ tion school at least 6 hours per week for 36 weeks each year. The Legislature of Vermont increased the fine from $25 to $50 which may be imposed upon parents for failure to comply with compulsory school attendance laws. Provisions for extending the compulsory education period for certain handicapped children were enacted in Alabama, California, and Hawaii. (See Physically Handicapped, p. 43.) 34 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 32 California, Florida, Missouri, and North Carolina took action to insure the maximum length of school term. California required county superintendents to maintain schools 170 days instead of 160 in any case where sufficient funds are available. Florida and Missouri required an 8-month school term and North Carolina in¬ sured a minimum school term of 6 months. Legislation relating to the school-admission age was enacted in Alabama and Louisiana. Alabama amended its law to provide that any child under 6 years of age on December 1 may not be admitted to school during that school year. Louisiana amended its consti¬ tution to fix the minimum school age at 6 years instead of 5. This amendment also authorized communities to establish kindergartens. Louisiana also authorized incorporated cities and towns to estab¬ lish part-time schools for the training and guidance of employed boys between 14 and 16 and employed girls between 14 and 18 years of age who have not completed the requirements for graduation from high school “ to the end that their academic, civic, and vocational in¬ telligence may be increased.” This act stipulated the conditions, standards, and regulations governing the maintenance of part-time education classes and placed their general supervision under the State board of education. An unusual number of laws were passed during the biennium to facilitate school attendance through provisions for tuition and trans¬ portation. (See Tuition and Transportation, p. 37.) HIGH SCHOOLS In recent years legislatures have shown considerable interest in promoting the availability of high-school education for all children. Legislative enactments in this respect are principally applicable to rural areas, and generally included one or more of the following provisions : (a) Authorize the closing of small high schools and the transportation of their pupils to other high schools in the same or adjacent areas; (&) authorize nonhigh-school districts to contract for the education of their pupils in high schools of adjacent districts upon payment of tuition therefor; ( c ) require or authorize nonhigh- school districts to furnish tuition or transportation or both for its pupils to attend school in another district (see Tuition and Trans¬ portation, p. 37) ; (d) authorize the creation of larger school dis¬ tricts, particularly for high-school purposes. Obviously these provi¬ sions lead toward fewer but apparently better high schools. Mod¬ ern methods of transportation favor the development of larger high- school districts or cooperative units and have made the maintenance of high schools by small districts unnecessary and uneconomical in many cases. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 35 It appears that the yearly special State-aid appropriations for high schools in weak districts are being gradually reduced or modi¬ fied at least in part. Recent State aid to school districts tends to include general aid to both elementary and secondary schools and to permit local districts to use this fund for the joint maintenance of elementary and secondary schools. During the biennium here reviewed a number of State legislatures enacted provisions affecting district high-school organization. In 1931 Arizona amended its law to provide for the formation of union high-school districts jointly by two or more districts, except that such union districts shall not be formed of territory embodied in any union high-school district already established unless the remaining territory of the latter district shall be contiguous and have a valua¬ tion of $3,000,000 or more. The Legislature of Kansas provided that a community high school located in a town which has become a second-class city (2,000 or more population) shall be under the control of the board of education of said city. The legislature of that State authorized the organiza¬ tion of rural high-school districts which have an assessed valuation of $1,250,000 or more, provided that within the territory of the district there has been a high school maintained for a period of at least 5 years with an attendance of not fewer than 40 pupils. The Michigan Legislature authorized district boards to discon¬ tinue high schools when the number of pupils do not warrant the maintenance and required that boards which discontinue high schools shall provide tuition and transportation for their pupils to attend high school in other districts. Michigan also provided for an ad valorem tax of two tenths of 1 mill for the fiscal year 1931-32 for the purpose of raising funds for the support of high schools. Minnesota provided that common school districts which have main¬ tained for at least 2 years a 4-year accredited high school shall have the powers now or hereafter vested in school boards of independent districts insofar as courses of study and the hiring of teachers and superintendents are concerned. In Missouri the legislature authorized the creation and organiza¬ tion of consolidated high-school districts in counties which have a population of more than 200,000 and fewer than 350,000. Outstanding legislation affecting high-school organization ap¬ peared in Montana, North Dakota, and Tennessee. Legislation in these States defined the organization of their respective high schools. Montana reenacted, unified, and revised its laws relating to high schools. Provision was made for the establishment of junior high schools which were desired by many communities, and authorized consolidation of high schools when the county commissioners de¬ cide such policy would be wise, subject to the approval by the State 36 BIENNIAL SURVEY OE EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 superintendent of public instruction. The new law provided a more equable distribution of funds for high schools. The Legislature of North Dakota defined high schools and stipu¬ lated that all 6-year high schools shall consist of grades 7 to 12, in¬ clusive, and shall employ a minimum of three full-time high-school teachers ; 5-year high schools consisting of grades 8 to 12, inclusive, 3 full-time teachers ; and all 4-year high schools consisting of grades 9 to 12, inclusive, shall employ a minimum of 2 full-time high-school teachers. This act requires all unit courses, except natural science courses, to be taught a minimum of 40 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 36 weeks, and stipulates that the content of all courses in all types of high schools shall follow the State course of study for high schools as outlined by the superintendent of public instruction, and provides that schools which violate this provision shall not be accredited by the department of public instruction. Tennessee revised its laws relating to high schools and included a number of noteworthy features which promise to simplify the development of reorganized high schools in that State. The new law contains provisions for the following five plans of school organi¬ zation : (1) 6-3, (2) 6-3-3, (3) 6-4, (4) 6-4-2, (5) 8-4. The act prescribes in somewhat detail the standards for the different types of high schools, and stipulates the methods by which they shall be supported. The Oregon Legislature provided that in the counties having the county unit for the administration of schools the county board shall constitute the county high-school board, thus placing the ad¬ ministration of high schools in the county under one board of direc¬ tors. This affects Lincoln, Klamath, and Crook Counties. The Oregon law relating to the State eighth-grade examination was amended to authorize the State superintendent of public instruction to accept, in lieu of examination, an organized plan of supervision and testing of eighth-grade students submitted by county superin¬ tendents. During the biennium noteworthy legislation was enacted affecting junior colleges in Arizona, California, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Utah. (See Junior Colleges, p. 25.) TUITION AND TRANSPORTATION Legislative tendencies for many years have moved toward in¬ creasing the facilities for school attendance rather than the building of more school buildings. In fact, in rural communities the number of school buildings is constantly being reduced. Below is a resume of legislative provisions during 1931 and 1932 which enable school districts to facilitate school attendance by providing for pupil tuition and transportation. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 37 The Legislature of Idaho authorized independent and joint inde¬ pendent non-high-school districts to provide for the transportation of their pupils to the nearest accredited high school. Idaho also provided that when two thirds of the board members of a district abutting on the State line are of the opinion that it would be more economical to arrange for the education of their youth in the adjoin¬ ing district in another State, they shall call an election to determine whether their school shall be discontinued and enter into an agree¬ ment for the education of their children in the adjoining district. (Formerly an election for this purpose could be called only upon a petition therefor signed by 30 percent of the electors of the dis¬ trict.) This provision was also extended to authorize similar arrange¬ ment for instruction of eligible high-school pupils in an adjoining district in another State in lieu of maintaining a high school. Illinois amended its law to enable nonhigh-school districts, upon majority vote of the electors, to provide for the transportation of their pupils who cannot be reached by train or bus. Iowa authorized any pupil to attend a high school of good stand¬ ing in an adjoining State if the school is nearer to the pupil’s residence than any approved high school in the home State. The Legislature of Kansas provided for the payment of high- school tuition in certain high-school communities at the rate of $3 per week (applicable to counties having between 45,000 and 50,000 population and not less than $50,000,000 valuation). The legisla¬ ture also provided for the payment of high-school tuition of pupils attending high school in another State (applicable only to certain counties adjacent to State border and requires the approval of county superintendent with reference to each pupil). Furthermore, the Kansas Legislature provided for the payment of tuition from public funds for students attending junior colleges in the same man¬ ner and at the same rate as provided by statute for the payment of high-school tuition. The Maine Legislature increased the amount which a non-high- school town may pay for its high-school pupils attending approved high schools from $100 per pupil to $125 per pupil. The Legislature of Michigan authorized districts to discontinue small high schools and to provide tuition and transportation of their pupils who attended high schools in other districts. The North Carolina Legislature authorized the State board of equalization to make a thorough study of the several systems now in operation for the transportation of public-school children, and to ascertain possible economies and to make rules and regulations look¬ ing toward the standardization of the transportation systems and their economical operation. 38 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 North Dakota authorized school districts to charge $2 per week tuition to nonresident pupils. Previously the amount chargeable was $1.50. The Legislature of Oregon requires pupils who wish to attend high school in other counties to procure a certificate from their county superintendent showing that they are bona fide residents in such county and qualified for registration in the high-school grades. Alabama, California, and North Carolina provided free tuition in State institutions of any child whose father died while serving in the armed forces of the United States during the World War. TEXTBOOKS Legislation relating to textbooks was enacted in at least 10 States during the biennium. Outstanding legislation in this field appeared in Oregon, Georgia, and North Carolina. Oregon authorized and directed the district school boards to pro¬ vide textbooks for use in their respective districts for the free use of all pupils enrolled in and actually attending the public elemen¬ tary schools. The local boards of education were directed to set aside in their annual budgets not exceeding $1.50 per pupils for the purpose of purchasing textbooks. This act provides that textbooks for use in first-class districts may be purchased by the school direc¬ tors direct from the publishers or dealers or through the State board of education; and that textbooks for use in second-class and third- class districts shall be purchased through the State board of educa¬ tion. The State superintendent, with approval of the State board of education, is authorized to promulgate rules and regulations rela¬ tive to first- and second-class districts. Georgia authorized the State board of education to lease plates' from publishers or to buy manuscripts and to print textbooks for public-school children. North Carolina in “ an act to promote economy and efficiency in the operation of public schools ” authorized the State board of education to adopt textbooks for use in all public high schools and provided that textbooks so adopted shall be used in the schools of the State. The legislature directed the Governor and the State superintendent to appoint a State committee on high-school text¬ books consisting of five members actually engaged in school work. This act directed that the textbook committee shall list all the high- school fields of instruction into five separate groups and shall make a thorough examination of the books submitted by publishers and shall submit to the State board a multiple list not exceeding three books in each field of instruction. From this list the State board of education is directed to select one book for each field of instruction REVIEW OF EDUCATION AX/ LEGISLATION 39 Tor exclusive use in public high schools for a period of 5 years. In another act the North Carolina Legislature authorized counties or special chartered districts to establish funds for renting of text¬ books to patrons of the public schools, when approved by the State board of equalization, which board shall prepare rules and regulations governing the establishment of rental of textbooks. The State superintendent of public instruction, in conjunction with the State board of health, was directed to adopt rules and regula¬ tions governing the use and fumigation or disposal of textbooks from quarantined homes and provided for the regular disinfection of all textbooks used in public schools. Textbook legislation in other States during the biennium may be summarized as follows : Alabama required counties having between 105,000 and 300,000 population to purchase a standard line of textbooks from the first to the seventh grade, inclusive. This act authorized the county boards of revenue to levy and collect a gasoline tax to pay for :such books and to provide for their distribution. California amended its law to authorize the State board of education to print more than one book per grade when there is enough money in the textbook fund. Florida required textbook publishers having con¬ tracts to furnish textbooks to public schools in the State to estab¬ lish within the State a convenient distributing agency or joint agency where stocks of books shall be kept at all times in sufficient quantity to supply immediate demand. Kansas required the State school book commission to provide by adoption for a single text in each subject in each of the public schools, including the elementary schools, junior high schools, and senior high schools. This act prohibits the multiple adoption in any case and also prohibits any period of adoption of less than 5 years. New Mexico created a State school building, textbook, and current aid fund, to be expended under the supervision of the State board of education. South Carolina amended its law to prohibit the State board of education from making any changes in the high-school textbooks until 1933 and elementary textbooks until 1934; and required all textbook contracts to be approved by the attorney general. The Territory of Hawaii authorized the department of public instruction to in¬ augurate a system of rental of textbooks in all the public schools and stipulated the maximum charges to each pupil. CURRICULUM The problem of deciding what shall be taught in public schools continues to receive legislative attention, and in a few instances it has been determined by vote of the electors. 40 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-19 3 2 In 1931 by an initiative act the people of Arkansas required the daily reading of the English Bible, without comment, in all the public schools of the State up to and including high school. The Legislature of Michigan required the teaching of civics in all high schools to the amount of one semester course of five recitation periods per week. The course is to cover all forms and functions of Federal and State governments and of counties, cities, and vil¬ lages. Normal schools were also required to give a course of six 1-hour lectures in political science covering the forms and func¬ tions of the Federal, State, county, and local governments. Instruc¬ tion in this field is required before graduation from high school or normal school. Mississippi required the subject of art to be taught in one or more of the first six grades and authorized instruction on this subject above the sixth grade. New Jersey required the United States flag to be displayed in school, and required the flag salute and oath of allegiance on every school day. The South Dakota Legislature required the State superintendent to prepare and submit to the county superintendents, for their approval, uniform courses of study in the branches taught in the graded schools; and provided that no course of study may be adopted without the approval of a majority of the county superintendents. SCHOOL HEALTH AND SAFETY School boards in Illinois were authorized to employ the services of school nurses. The employment of oral hygienists in public schools was authorized in Delaware. In New York school boards were permitted to employ oculists. California and Connecticut re¬ quired school boards to furnish schoolhouses and adequate supply of pure water. A number of States made provision for protecting the safety of school children from accidents. Arkansas required all motor vehi¬ cles to stop on approaching a school bus which is receiving or dis¬ charging school pupils. Delaware authorized the State highway department to conduct a safety-education program. Three States set minimum age limits for school-bus drivers — Iowa, 16; Wyo¬ ming, 18 ; Massachusetts, 21. Massachusetts also required careful and periodical inspection of school busses. Montana required instruction in fire drill once a week in all public and private schools where 20 or more pupils are enrolled and twice a month in high school. New Jersey and Pennsylvania authorized boards of education to organize school safety patrols and, with the permission of parents, to appoint pupils as members to direct pupils in crossing highways at times when traffic conditions would render such crossing unsafe. REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 41 KINDER GARTENS Further steps on the part of legislatures to promote school at¬ tendance are noted in laws which provide for attendance at kinder¬ gartens. An unusual number of States during the biennium enacted legislation to enlarge school attendance facilities for young children. Perhaps the most noteworthy legislation during the biennium relating to kindergartens was enacted in Delaware. The legisla¬ ture of that State appropriated $50,000 for the biennium 1931-1933 for the establishment and maintenance of kindergartens, making them a part of the public-school system. According to the Dela¬ ware State Department of Education, “ this is a new departure, since no State funds have ever been spent for kindergartens.” It is also noteworthy that Louisiana, by constitutional amendment in 1932, authorized the establishment of kindergartens for children between the ages of 4 and 6. New Jersey amended its kindergar¬ ten law to provide that children over 4 and under 5 years of age may be permitted to attend kindergartens and that children over 5 and under 6 must be admitted when application is made therefor. Previously the law in that State required the admission to kinder¬ garten of any child over 4 and under 7 years of age when appli¬ cation was made. North Dakota required that upon petition of one fifth of the voters a school board must submit to the voters the question of establishing a kindergarten. The Legislature of Pennsylvania authorized school directors to establish and maintain kindergartens for children between 4 and 6 years of age. This act made kindergartens, when established, an integral part of the school system and the school directors were authorized to levy taxes for their maintenance. The permission to use public funds to assist and maintain private kindergartens was repealed. In 1931 New Mexico changed the ages of kindergarten pupils- from “ between 4 and 6 ” to “ between 5 and 6.” ADULT AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Legislation relating to vocational and adult education was enacted in a number of States during the biennium. Arkansas authorized county and other local school boards to estab¬ lish and maintain opportunity schools for adults who are illiterate or near illiterate. Massachusetts authorized the department of edu¬ cation to offer free of charge correspondence courses to inmates of county arid State hospitals and sanatoria, State correctional insti¬ tutes, the State infirmary, and Federal hospitals situated within the State. New Hampshire made a special appropriation for putting 42 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 1930-1932 into operation the Federal vocational rehabilitation act which the State legislature accepted in 1925. California required cooperative vocational courses in high school to be conducted according to the standards prescribed by the State board of education. Nevada authorized any county to establish and maintain hospitals and training schools for nurses; previously in that State only counties of 15,000 population or more could do so. The New Jersey Legislature authorized the electors of any county to vote to establish regional districts for the establishment of voca¬ tional schools, and provided that cities with school enrollment of 15,000 or more and which have vocational schools are to be separate from the regional or county vocational system. In 1932 New Jersey provided for the establishment of smnmer schools and extension courses “ for the purpose of training and educating persons in the science of education and in the art of teaching elementary agricul¬ ture, manual training, household economics, and such other subjects ” as may be prescribed by the commissioner of education subject to the approval by the State board of education. Louisiana authorized school districts to establish and maintain part-time schools, training, and guidance for employed minors who have not completed high school. Georgia abolished the board of managers of the State Training School for Boys and placed the school under a newly created State board of control of eleemosynary institutions. The Legislature of Wyoming authorized the board of trustees of the State university to conduct university extension classes through the establishment of home education classes in the various towns, cities, and communities of the State in cooperation with the Federa¬ tion of Women’s Clubs, commercial organizations, Federation of Labor, organizations of railroad workers, and other such organiza¬ tions, including volunteer groups of students. For this purpose $15,000 was appropriated. HANDICAPPED AND DEPENDENT CHILDREN During 1931 and 1932 legislation was enacted in a number of States for the educational benefit of handicapped and dependent children. Below are some examples of legislation in this field. 'Physically handicapped. — Alabama required the enrollment of all blind and deaf children between 7 and 16 years of age at the State Institute for Blind and Deaf. California extended the provisions of education law relating to physically handicapped to include children with defective speech. Kansas provided for a county tax levy for crippled children, and created a State crippled children’s commission, which was empowered, among other things, to coop- REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 43 erate with the State department of education and to recommend a plan for vocational education of crippled children. The Maryland Legislature directed the State board of education to set up standards and regulations for the examination, classifica¬ tion, and education of the handicapped children of the State, and granted State aid to counties which provide education for physically handicapped children, not to exceed $200 per pupil per year. Pro¬ vision was also made for public aid for classes of mentally handi¬ capped children. Massachusetts extended its law relating to the education of crippled children to authorize education for “ physi¬ cally handicapped ” children. The Minnesota Legislature authorized the State board of educa¬ tion to assist school districts, or county boards for unorganized terri¬ tory, in providing' transportation or board for crippled children who are unable to walk with normal effort but who are able to carry the regular course of study. State aid for this purpose was allowed not to exceed $150 annually per pupil, the total amount not to exceed $20,000 for any one year. Wisconsin provided that the supervision of academic instruction in a convalescent hospital for crippled children located in a rural school district shall be under the same supervision as the main hos¬ pital from which the crippled children are transferred, provided that the convalescent hospital is within 10 miles from the main hospital. Mentally retarded. — Legislation relating to children under this classification was enacted in Indiana, Maryland, and Massachusetts. Indiana required special classes in districts where there are 25 or more school children “ retarded in mental development.*’ Massa¬ chusetts provided $12,000 for an investigation concerning the care and supervision of mentally retarded children in the public schools. The law in Massachusetts relating to the education of children mentally retarded more than 3 years was amended to provide exami¬ nation, upon request of the town school superintendent, for a child appearing to be mentally retarded to a less degree. For information concerning Maryland, see Physically handicapped. Dependent or neglected children. — Alabama authorized courts of county commissioners or county boards of revenue to appropriate public funds to the county board of child welfare for the relief of dependent children under 18 years of age. Illinois provided for a soldiers’ and sailors’ children’s school, the object of which is “ to provide for the nurture and intellectual, moral, and physical culture of all children ” whose parents served in the military service of the United States and who are in indigent circumstances. Michigan increased from 12 to 14 the maximum age at which children may 44 BIENNIAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION, 193 0-19 3 2 be admitted to the State school for dependent and neglected chil¬ dren. Ohio authorized boards of education to allocate local school funds to furnish shoes, clothes, and medical attention to needy school children to enable them to attend school. Texas authorized the State board of education to create a school district at any institution for dependent or delinquent children maintained by any county. EDUCATIONAL SURVEYS During the years 1931 and 1932 a number of State legislatures made provisions for educational surveys and investigations. Among the noteworthy surveys provided for are those of Alabama, Califor¬ nia, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, and South Carolina. The Alabama Legislature appointed a committee of five members to investigate the uneven distribution of all school funds, particu¬ larly the equalization and trust fund, and to report findings and recommendations to the legislature. California and South Carolina authorized State-wide surveys re¬ lating to higher education. (See Higher Education, p. 19.) The Legislature of Kentucky (1932) created a State educational commission consisting of the superintendent of public instruction and eight members appointed by the Governor, not more than one half of whom shall be engaged in educational work. The commis¬ sion is directed to study public education in Kentucky and report its findings to the Governor at the opening of the next legislative session with recommendations of school measures and such revision of the school code as may be necessary for increasing the efficiency and equalizing the benefits of public education throughout the State. Michigan created a State commission of inquiry of five members appointed by the Governor to examine carefully into township and school district governments. This commission was directed to give special attention to such changes as may reduce the cost of mainte¬ nance of local governments and increase their efficiency. Missouri made provision for county educational surveys through¬ out the State looking toward the reorganization of the local school districts and the creation of larger school units. o INDEX Academies. See Private and parochial schools. Administrative officers, State school sys¬ tems, I : 13-14, 74-75. Admission requirements : Nurse-training schools, IV : 3-4. Adult and vocational education, legislation, VII: 41-42. Alaskan and Indian schools : Teacher dis¬ tribution, Pref. : 8. Alaskan natives : Expenditures for educa¬ tion, Pref. : 11 ; number enrolled in Gov¬ ernment schools, Pref. : 3—4. Americanization schools, city school sys¬ tems, II : 27, 64—105. Arts and sciences, degrees by major sub¬ jects, III : 91-95. Attendance. See School attendance. Average daily attendance, State school sys- terms, 1 : 2-3, 10-13, 56, 58. Benefactions, higher institutions, III : 22. 262-263. Blind : Expenditures for schools, Pref. : 11 : residential schools, VI : 18-19, 76-77. Blind and partially seeing : Enrollment in special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 12, 36-39. Blose, David T. : State school systems, I : 1-112. Bonds and indebtedness, legislation, VII : 11. Bonds and sinking funds, city school sys¬ tems, II : 35, 40-62. Business management, budgets, etc., legis¬ lation, VII : 15-18. Capital outlay, city school systems. II : 31- 33 ; State school systems, I : 25. Capital outlay and property, city normal schools, III : 355 ; county normal schools, III : 355 ; junior colleges, III : 357—367 ; normal schools. III : 356-357 ; State nor¬ mal schools. Ill : 352—354 ; teachers col¬ leges, III : 344-351 ; universities, colleges, and professional schools, III : 320—344. Catholic elementary schools : Summary of statistics. V : 11. Children’s charter, excerpts, VI : 2—3. City and county normal schools : Current expenditures, III : 302-303. City day schools and classes for exceptional children, VI : 10—16. City normal schools : Capital outlay and property, III : 355 ; receipts, III : 246- 247. City school systems, II : 1—105 ; enrollments. Pref. : 4 ; enrollment in special schools and classes, VI : 12, 26> 29 ; expenditures for instruction in special schools and classes, Vi : 28-31, 36-39 ; teachers of special schools and classes, VI : 27-30. See also State school systems. College preparatory departments : Enroll¬ ments, Pref. : 4. Colleges : Enrollment in summer schools or extension and correspondence courses, Pref. : 3 ; graduates, Pref. : 7. See also Universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges ; Higher ed¬ ucation. Collegiate students in normal schools, Pref. : 5. Commercial and business schools : Teacher distribution, Pref. : 8. Commercial schools : Enrollment, Pref. : 3^4, 6 ; number, Pref. : 2. Consolidated schools, State school systems, I : 70. Continuation schools, city school systems, II : 36—37, 64—105 ; State school systems, 1 : 69. Control of higher institutions, legislation, VII : 19-23. Cost of instruction, State school systems, I : 69. Cost per pupil. State school systems, I : 25-28. County normal schools : Capital outlay and property, III : 355 ; receipts, III : 247. County school administration and support, legislation, VII : 13-14. Crippled children : Enrollment in special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 12 ; 62-66. Current expenditures ; City and county nor¬ mal schools, III : 302—303 ; junior colleges, III : 305—319 ; normal schools, III : 303- 305 ; State normal schools, III : 299—301 ; teachers colleges, III : 290-297 ; univer¬ sities, colleges, and professional schools, III : 264-289. Current expenses, city school systems, II : 16-23, 28-29 ; State school systems, I : 22—25 ; recapitulation of payments, I: 86-87. Curricular development : Exceptional chil¬ dren, VI : 6—7. Curriculum, legislation, VII : 39—40. Day schools, city school systems, II : 36- 37, 64-105. 140993—35 1 2 INDEX Deaf : Expenditures for schools, Pref. : 11 ; residential schools, VI : 16-18, 77-79. Deaf and hard-of-hearing : Enrollment in special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 12, 39-43. Deaf, blind, feeble-minded, and delinquent : Number of schools, Pref. : 2. Debt service and interest, State school sys¬ tems, 1 : 25. Deffenbaugh, Walter S. : City school sys¬ tems, II : 1-105 ; State school systems, I : 1-112. Degree-granting professional schools, dis¬ tribution, III : 8-9. Degrees : Arts and sciences by major sub¬ ject, III : 91-85 ; city normal schools, III: 170-171; county normal schools, III : 174; higher institutions, III : 11, 14, 28-30, 52-53; honorary, III: 102- 103 ; land-grant institutions, III : 382- 383 ; privately controlled normal schools, III : 172-173 ; professional schools, III : 54-55, 96-101, 197-208; State normal schools, III : 167-169 ; teachers colleges, III : 157-166 ; universities, colleges, and professional schools, III : 20, 47-49, 132- 136. Delicate children (anaemic tuberculous, and cardiac cases) : Enrollment in spe¬ cial schools and classes, city school sys¬ tems, VI: 12, 58-61. Delinquents, expenditures for schools, Pref. : II ; residential schools, VI : 21-22, 82- 85. Dependent children, legislation, VII : 42-44. Depression : Effect on city school systems, II : 28-34 ; higher education, III : 1-2 ; State school systems, I : 43-45. District school organization, legislation, VII : 14-15. Educational legislation (Keesecker), VII: 1-44. Educational surveys, legislation, VII : 44. Elementary and secondary schools, State school systems, summary of statistics, I : 46-47, 92-93 ; source of income, Pref. ; 10 ; property and endowments, Pref. : 12. Elementary day schools, including kinder¬ gartens, State school systems, 1 : 92. Elementary education : Expenditures, Pref. : 11. Elementary schools : Enrollment, Pref. : 3— 4, 6 ; number, Pref. : 2 ; teachers, Pref. : 7. Elementary schools (private), V: 1-11; en¬ rollment, V : 2-5 ; Length of school term, V : 10-11; property and endow¬ ments, Pref. : 12 ; teacher distribution, Pref. : 8. Elementary schools (public) : Teacher dis¬ tribution, Pref. : 8. Elementary “ training schools ” in teacher- training institutions : Enrollment, Pref. : 4. Endowments and property, value, Pref. : 11- 12. Enrollment : Catholic elementary schools, V : 11 ; city normal schools, III : 170- 171 ; city school systems, II : 2-5 ; col¬ leges and universities, III : 4-5 ; county normal schools, III : 174 ; educational levels, 1890-1932, Pref. : 6 ; 1921-1932, State school systems, I : 48 ; grades, State school systems, 1 : 62—65 ; higher institutions, III : 12-13 ; land-grant in¬ stitutions, III : 382-383 ; Negroes, State school systems, 1 : 96-98 ; private and parochial schools, 1 : 112 ; private ele¬ mentary schools, V : 2-9 ; professional schools, III : 73-79 ; public day schools, 1 : 94 ; teacher colleges, III : 157-165 ; universities, colleges, and professional schools, III : 123-132 ; rural pupils by grades, 1 : 102-103 ; special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 29, 32- 35 ; State and private residential schools for exceptional children, VI : 26, 70; State normal schools, III : 167-169 ; State school systems, 1 : 2-10, 36-38, 52- 55, 59 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III : 69-71 ; universities, col¬ leges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III : 68-69 ; urban and rural public day schools, State school systems, 1 : 99 ; urban pupils by grades, 1 : 100- 101 ; white and Negro pupils, 1 : 95-96. Exceptional children, VI : 1-44 ; city day schools and classes, VI : 10—16 ; curric'J- lar development, VI : 6—7 ; legislation, VI : 3-4 ; mental hygiene service, VI : 7 ; national organizations, VI : 9—10 ; public day schools and classes, number main¬ tained in cities and States, VI : 13 ; re¬ search, VI : 8-9 ; State residential schools, VI : 4-5 ; State supervision, VI : 5 ; teacher training, VI : 5-6 : See also Blind ; Deaf ; Delicate ; Delinquent, De¬ pendent ; Handicapped ; Mentally defi¬ cient ; Mentally gifted. Expenditures, city school systems, II : 35— 38-39, 64-105 ; education, Pref. : 11 ; ele¬ mentary education, Pref. : 11 ; high-school education, Pref. : 11 ; higher institutions, III : 19-20, 34-37, 113-114 ; percentage analysis, III : 40 ; special schools and classes in city school systems, VI : 31 ; State and private residential schools for exceptional children, VI : 28, 74—75 ; State school systems, I : 22—28, 41—42, 90, 107-110; recapitulation, State school systems, 1 : 88-89 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III : 111—112 ; universi¬ ties colleges, and professional schools, III : 109-111, 264-289. Expenses, city school systems, II : 64—105. Extension and correspondence courses ; En¬ rollment, Pref. : 5. Extension service, higher institutions, III : 59—61 ; universities, colleges, and profes¬ sional schools, III : 56-59. INDEX 3 Faculty, city normal schools. III : 170-171 ; county normal schools, 111:174; higher institutions, III : 10-11, 28-30, 52-53 ; junior colleges, III : 175—193 ; land-grant institutions, III : 380, 388-389 ; normal s< hools, III : 165—166, 172-173 ; State normal schools, III : 167—169 ; teachers colleges, III : 157—165 ; universities, col¬ leges, and professional schools, III : 47- 49, 123-156. Federal land-grant funds of 1862 : Princi¬ pal, income, and disbursements, III : 398-401. Finances : Higher institutions, III : 15—16, 31-39, 43 ; land-grant institutions, III : 375—396, 385—386 ; State school systems, 1 : 17-21. Foster, Emery M. : City school systems, II : 1-105 ; exceptional children, VI : 1—85 ; higher education III : 1—401 ; nurse¬ training schools, IV : 1—7 ; State school systems, 1 : 1-112 ; statistical summary of education, Pref. : 1—12. Full-time day schools, enrollment, Pref. 3. Funds. See School funds. General control, State school systems, pay¬ ments, 1 : 84-85. Goodykoontz, Bess : Private elementary schools, V : 1-11. Government schools for Indians and natives of Alaska : Expenditures, Pref. : 11. Grade enrollments, State school systems, I: 4-5. Graduates : High school and college, Pref. : 7 ; nurse-training schools, IV : 2 ; teacher- preparing curriculum, higher institutions, III : 80-90 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III: 27. Greenleaf, Walter J. : Land-grant colleges and universities, III : 371—401. Handicapped children : Enrollment in State and private schools, Pref. : 3—4 ; legisla¬ tion, VII: 42-44. Herlihy, Lester B. : City school systems, II : 1-105. High schools : Expenditures, Pref. : 11 ; graduates, Pref. : 7 ; legislation, VII : 34—36 ; number, Pref. : 2 ; property and endowments, Pref. : 12 ; teacher distribu¬ tion, Pref. : 8. See also junior high schools ; Secondary schools. Higher education, III : 1-401 ; enrollment, Pref. : 4—6 ; legislation, VII : 19—28. Higher institutions : Benefactions, III : 262-263 ; control, legislation, VII : 19-23. Honorary degrees conferred, III : 102-103. Hours of duty required daily, nurse-training schools, IV : 4—5. Income, source, Pref. : 9-10 ; State school systems, I : 78-81. Indebtedness, State school systems, 1 : 73, 106. Indian schools : Enrollment, Pref. : 3-4; expenditures, Pref. : 11 ; teacher distribu¬ tion, Pref. : 8. Industrial schools for delinquents : Enroll¬ ment, Pref. : 4. Instruction : Distribution of expenses, State school systems, I : 84-85. Junior colleges, legislation, VII : 24r-27. See also Universities, colleges, and pro¬ fessional schools ; Higher education. Junior colleges (privately controlled) : Cap¬ ital outlay and property, III : 357-364 ; current expenditures, III : 311-319 ; fac¬ ulty and students, III : 184-193 ; re¬ ceipts, III: 255-261. Junior colleges (publicly controlled) ; Cap¬ ital outlay and property, III : 364-367 ; current expenditures, III : 305-311 ; fac¬ ulty, III : 175-183 ; students, III : 175- 183 ; receipts, III : 249-255. Junior high schools. State school systems, I: 92. Junior-senior high schools, State school systems, 1 : 93. Keesecker, Ward W. : Educational legisla¬ tion, VII: 1-44. Kelley, Russell M. : Private elementary schools, V : 1-11. Kelly, Frederick J. : Higher education, III : 1-401. Kindergartens : Enrollment, Pref. : 4, 6 ; legislation, VII : 41 ; State school sys¬ tems, I : 92 ; teacher distribution, Pref. : 8. Land-grant colleges and universities (Greenleaf), III: 371-401; directory, III : 371-372 ; enrollments and degrees, III : 382-383 ; faculty, III : 380, 387- 389; federal funds, III: 400-401; fi¬ nances, III : 375-376, 385-386 ; funds of 1862, III: 378-379; students. Ill: 381, 384, 390-395. Legislation : Exceptional children, VI : 3—4. See also Educational legislation. Length of course, nurse-training schools, IV: 2. Length of school term : Private elementary schools, V : 10-11. Martens, Elsie H. : Exceptional children, VI: 1-85. McLeod, Beatrice : Exceptional children, VI : 1-85. Men teachers, State school systems, 1 : 68. Mental hygiene service, exceptional children, VI: 7. Mentally deficient : Enrollment in special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 12; expenditures for schools, Pref. : 11 ; residential schools, VI : 19-21, 79— 82 ; special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 43-55. Mentally gifted : Special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 69. Mentally retarded, legislation, VII : 43. Military enrollments, higher institutions, III : 68-72. Morrill-Nelson Funds. Ill : 376—378 ; re¬ ceipts and disbursements, III : 396—397. National organizations interested in excep¬ tional children, VI : 9—10. Negro land-grant colleges, III : 372 ; Mor- rill-Nelson appropriation. III : 377—378. . 4 INDEX Negroes, State school systems, 1 : 32-35, 95-98. Night schools, city school systems, II : 26—27, 36-37, 64—105 ; State school sys¬ tems, I : 69 ; enrollment, Pref. : 3, I : 6. Noneducational transactions, higher insti¬ tutions, III : 21. Normal schools (privately controlled) : Capital outlay and property, III : 356- 357 ; current expenditures, III : 303-305 ; receipts, III : 247-249. Nurse-training schools (Foster), IV: 1-7; admission requirements, IV : 3-4 ; enroll¬ ment, Pref. : 3 ; graduates, IV : 2 ; hours of duty required daily, IV : 4-5 ; length of course, IV : 2 ; number, Pref. : 2 ; IV : 7 ; remuneration, IV : 5-6 ; students, IV : 2 ; summary of statistics, IV : 6—7. Off-campus enrollments, higher institutions, I'll : 68-72. Part-time and continuation schools, city school systems, II : 36-37, 64-105 ; en¬ rollment, Pref. : 3 ; State school systems, ’ I: 7-10, 69. Per capita costs, city school systems, II : 13, 16-20 ; State school systems, 1 : 91. Personnel, city school systems, II : 35-37, 40-62 ; higher institutions. III : 43 ; State school systems, 1 : 69. Physically handicapped, legislation, VII : 42—43. Population, State school systems, 1 : 35—36. Principal, income, and disbursements of Federal land-grant funds of 1862, III : 398-399. Principals’ salaries, State school systems, I: 15-17, 74-75. Private and parochial schools : Enroll¬ ment, I : 112 ; teachers employed, I : HI. Private degree-granting institutions, legisla¬ tion, VII : 27-28. Private elementary schools, V : 1-11 ; enroll¬ ment by grades, V : 6-9, by sex, V : 6 ; size and organization, V : 10 ; teachers, V: 9. Private schools, enrollment, Pref. : 3—4. Professional schools, degrees, III : 96-101 ; distribution, III : 7-9 ; enrollment, III : 73-79; students and degrees, III: 54-55, 194-208 ; teacher distribution, Pref. : 8. Property, city school systems, II : 24—26, 38-39 ; endowments, value, Pref. : 11-12 ; higher institutions, III : 15-16, 22, 37-39, 118—119 ; percentage analysis, III : 42 ; State school systems, I : 28-31, 71 ; teach¬ ers colleges and normal schools, III : 117- 118 ; universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III : 115-116 Public day schools, city school systems, en¬ rollment, VI : 32-35 ; enrollment by length of school term, I : 94 ; exceptional chil¬ dren, number, VI: 13; State school sys¬ tems, expenditures, I : 88—89 ; teachers and teaching load, I : 105. Public- school systems : Enrollment, Pref.: 3—4 ; source of income, Pref. : 10. Pupil-teacher ratio, city school systems, II : 14-15 ; State school systems, I : 15, 40-41. Pupils, private and parochial schools, I : 112 ; State school systems, I : 52-55. Receipts, city normal schools, III : 246- 247 ; county normal schools, III : 247 ; higher institutions, III : 16-19. 30-34, 107—109 ; percentage analysis. Ill : 40 ; junior colleges, III : 249-261 ; Morriil- Nelson funds, III: 396-397; normal schools, III : 247—249 ; State and private residential schools for exceptional chil¬ dren, VI : 72—73 ; State normal schools, III: 243—246; State school systems, I: 17, 76-77, 82-83 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III : 27, 105-107, 235- 243 ; universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III : 104—105, 209-235. Remuneration, nurse-training schools, IV : 5-6. Research, exceptional children, VI : 8-9 ; higher institutions, III : 56-61. Resident instruction, higher institutions, III : 59-61 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III : 57—59 ; universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III: 56-57. Resident students, higher institutions, III : 65—67 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III : 26—27, 63—65 ; universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III : 62—63- Residential schools : Blind. VI : 18-19 ; deaf, VI : 16—18 ; delinquents, VI : 21— 22 ; mentally deficient and epileptic, VI : 19-21. Rural and urban public day schools : Attend¬ ance and length of school term, 1 : 104 ; comparison, I : 35-40 ; enrollment, 1 : 99. Rural pupils, enrollment by grades, I : 102— 103. Safety, legislation, VII : 40. School administration, legislation, VII : 11-15. School attendance, city school systems, II : 5-12, 35-37 ; legislation, VII : 33-34 ; State school systems, I : 10—13, 36—40, 57, 97 ; urban and rural public day schools, I : 104 ; white and Negro pupils, State school systems, I : 95. See also Average daily attendance. School budgets, city school systems, II : 33-34. School buildings, city school systems, II : :4-26, 38-39 ; State school systems. I : 28-31, 42-43, 70, 106. School census, State school systems, I : 52-55. School debt, city school systems, II : 23-24 ; State school systems, I : 31—33, 72. School funds, higher institutions, III : 21 ; State school systems, I : 72, 91. INDEX 5 School health and safety, legislation, VII : 40. School lands, State school systems, 1 : 72. School plant, city school systems, II : 25 ; higher institutions, III: 21. 118—119; State school systems, 1 : 84-85 ; teachers colleges and normal schools, III : 117- 118 ; universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III : 115— 116 ; value, Pref. : 11. School population, city school systems, II : 35 ; State school systems, I : 49—55 ; white and Negro, 1 : 95. School property, city school systems, II : 35 ; State school systems, 1 : 28-31, 107-108. School revenue, new sources, VII : 5-8. School term, city school systems, II : 7-12, 40-62 ; State school systems, I : 11-13, 60—61 ; urban and rural public day schools, I : 104 ; white and Negro pupils, State school systems, I : 95. Schools, number, Pref. : 2 ; rural and urban, by States, I : 106. Secondary and elementary schools, State school systems, I': 46-47; 92-93. Secondary enrollments, higher institutions, III: 68-72. Secondary schools: Enrollments, Pref. : 3-4, 6 ; teachers, Pref. : 7. Senior high schools, State school systems, I : 93. Sinking funds, city school systems, II : 40- 62 ; State school systems. I : 73. Smith, Rose Marie : Private elementary schools, V : 1-11. Socially maladjusted (incorrigible and delin¬ quent) : Special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 12, 56-57. Sources of income for all education, Pref. : 10. Special schools and classes for exceptional children, city school systems, VI : 36—69. Speech defectives : Special schools and classes, city school systems, VI : 67-68. Standard reports, higher institutions, III : 10. State normal schools : Capital outlay and property, III : 352—354 ; current expendi¬ tures, III : 299-301 ; receipts, III : 243- 246. State residential schools for exceptional children, VI: 4-5, 27-28, 72-73, 76-85; enrollment, VI : 26, 70 ; expenditures for instruct-ion*.*VI : 74-75 ; teachers, VI : 71. State school funds, distribution, Vll : 8-10. State school support, legislation, VII : 4-11. State school systems (Foster, Blose, and Deffenbaugh), I : 1-112. See also City school systems. State supervision : Exceptional children, VI: 5. Statistical summary of education (Foster), Pref. : 1-1 2. Students, city normal schools, III : 170- 171 ; county normal schools, III : 174 ; full-time day schools ; Pref. : 3 ; higher institutions, III : 10-13, 28-30, 52-53 ; junior colleges, III : 175-193 ; land-grant’ institutions, III : 381, 384, 390-395 ; nor¬ mal schools, III : 172—173 ; nurse-training schools, IV : 2 ; professional schools, ITf:‘ 5 1-55, 194-208 ; teachers colleges, III : 157-166*;' State' normal schools, III : 167- 169 ; universities, colleges, professional schools, and junior colleges, III : 25-, 47-49, 123-156. Summer schools, city school systems, II : 27, 36-37, 64-105 ; enrollment, Pref. : 3, 5 ; State school systems, 1 : 6-7, 69. Superintendents, qualifications, legislation, VII: 28-30. Supervising and teaching staff, city school systems, II : 12-14. Supervisors’ salaries, State school systems, I : 15-17, 74-75. Teacher-preparing curriculum, higher insti¬ tutions, graduates, III : 80-90. Teacher-pupil ratio, city school systems, II: 14-15. Teacher retirement, legislation, VII : 31-32. Teacher tenure, legislation, VII : 32. Teacher-training institutions, distribution, III : 6—7 ; enrollment in elementary train¬ ing schools, Pref. : 4 ; enrollment of sec¬ ondary students, Pref. : 4, 6 ; exceptional children, VI : 5-6 ; legislation, VII : 23— 24 ; property and endowments, Pref. : 12. Teachers : Catholic elementary schools, V : II ; distribution, Pref. : 8 ; legislation, VII : 28-32 ; Negro schools, State school systems, I : 97 ; number, Pref. : 7 ; private and parochial schools, I : 111; private elementary schools, V : . 9 ; public day schools, I : 105 ; qualifications, legislation, VII : 28-30 ; special schools and classes for exceptional children, VI: 30; State and private residential schools, VI : 27, 71 ; State school systems, 1 : 14-17, 66-68. Teachers colleges : Capital outlay and prop¬ erty, III : 344-351 ; current expenditures, III : 290-299 ; enrollment, Pref. : 5-6 ; re¬ ceipts, III : 235-243 ; white and Negro, State school systems, I : 95. Teachers colleges and normal schools, Pref. : 10 ; enrollment, Pref. : 4-6 ; ex¬ penditures, Pref. : 11, faculty ; students, and degrees, III : 50-51 ; historical sum¬ mary, 1900-32, III : 26-27 ; number, Pref.: 2 ; source of income, Pref.: 10; teacher distribution, Pref. : 8. Teachers institutes, legislation, VII : 32—33. Teachers’ salaries, city school systems, II : 29-31 ; legislation, VII : 30 ; State school systems, I : 15—17, 74—75. Teaching and supervising staff, city school systems. II : 12—14. Teaching load, public day schools, I : 105. 6 INDEX. Teaching staff, higher institutions. Ill : 11- 12 ; teachi'rs colleges and normal schools, III : 26 ; universities, colleges, profes¬ sional schools, and junior colleges. III : 25. Textbooks, legislation, VII : 38-39. Transportation and tuition,' legislation. VII : 36-38. Universities, colleges, and professional schools, Pref. : 10, III : 264-268 ; capital outlay and property, III : 320-344 ; dis¬ tribution, III : 6-7 ; enrollment, Pref. : 4-6; expenditures, Pref.: 11, III: 269- 289 ; faculty, students, and degrees, III : 47-49 ; statistical summary, 1900-32, III : 25-27 ; number, Pref. : 2 ; property and Universities, colleges, etc. — Continued, endowments, Pref. : 12, receipts, III : 209—235 ; source of income, Pref. : 10 ; teacher distribution, Pref. : 8. Urban and rural day schools : Attendance and length of school term, I: 104; com¬ parison, I : 35-40 ; enrollments, 1 : 99. Urban pupils, enrollment by grades, 1 : 100- 101. Vocational education, legislation, VII : 41- 42. Vocational high schools, State school sys¬ tems, I : 93. White House Conferences on Child Health and Protection, VI : 2—3. O LIBRARY National Education association WASHINGTON. D. C. L ! B R A R Y National Education Association WASHINGTON, D. C. ■